BIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY OF TRIBUTARIES TO THE SWAN RIVER BASED ON THE STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION OF THE BENTHIC ALGAE COMMUNITY • Prepared for: State of Montana Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 200901 Helena, Montana 59620-0901 Project Officer: Rosie Sada DEQ Contract No. 200012-8 Prepared by: Loren L. Bahls, Ph.D. Hannaea 1032 Twelfth Avenue Helena, Montana 59601 March 16,2003 STATE DOCUMENTS COLLECTION MAY n 1 2003 MONTANA ?":"ATE LIBRARY 1515 -■ ?'>. V": HELENA MO'TANA 596^0 Printed on paper made from 100% recycled posl-cunsumer fiber Summary In early September 2002, 9 periphyton samples were collected from 4 tributaries of the Swan River in northwest Montana for the purpose of assessing whether these streams are water- quality limited and in need of TMDLs. The samples were collected following MDEQ standard operating procedures, processed and analyzed using standard methods for periphyton, and evaluated following modified USEPA rapid bioassessment protocols for wadeable streams. Goat Creek, Elk Creek, Jim Creek and Piper Creek all supported a mix of cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatoms. In addition, all streams but Jim Creek supported the red alga Audouinella and only Jim Creek supported the xanthophyte Trihonema. The non-diatom algae of these streams indicated cool water of good quality. Seven of the major diatom species in tributaries of the Swan River are sensitive to organic pollution and four are somewhat tolerant of organic pollution. The tolerant species tended to be more abundant at the downstream stations and in Jim Creek. Jim Creek also had the lowest pollution index value and the highest siUation index value of any site, indicating that this stream supported larger sediment and organic nutrient loads than the other sites. Nevertheless, values for these metrics were still within the range of excellent biological integrity for a mountain stream. The dominant diatom species at all of the sites was either Achnanthes biasolettiana or Achnanthidium minutissimum. Both are small, attached (non-motile) species that are adapted to living in fast currents. Their abundance here is a consequence of the steep gradient and fast current velocities of these streams. Both species prefer cool water temperatures and low nutrient concentrations. Although diatom community metrics at several sites indicated moderate to severe stress, these stresses appear to be natural in origin and related to the high gradients, cold temperatures, and low nutrient concentrations of these streams. High values for the pollution index and low values for the siltation index and percent abnormal cells indicate that organic enrichment, sedimentation, and toxic metals had little or no effect on the benthic algae of these streams. Several ecological attributes of the diatoms were examined to characterize water quality tendencies at the sampling sites. The four tributaries and stations within each tributary are fairly uniform in their general water quality characteristics, which may be described as circumneutral, fresh-brackish (TDS <900 mg/L), and mesotrophic, with continuously high concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Diatoms living in these streams are mostly attached (non-motile), autotrophic with respect to nitrogen, tolerate a wide range of nutrient concentrations, and live mainly in water bodies, but regularly in wet places. They indicate some organic loading, which may be natural, but zones where the oxidation of biodegradable organic matter is mostly complete. Introduction This report evaluates the biological integrity', support of aquatic life uses, and probable causes of stress or impairment to aquatic communities in tributaries of the Swan River in western Montana. The purpose of this report is to provide information that will help the State of Montana determine whether these streams are water-quality limited and in need of TMDLs. The federal Clean Water Act directs states to develop water pollution control plans (Total Maximum Daily Loads or TMDLs) that set limits on pollution loading to water-quality limited waters. Water-quality limited waters are lakes and stream segments that do not meet water- quality standards, that is, that do not fully support their beneficial uses. The Clean Water Act and USEPA regulations require each state to (1) identify waters that are water-quality limited, (2) prioritize and target waters for TMDLs, and (3) develop TMDL plans to attain and maintain water-quality standards for all water-quality limited waters. Evaluation of aquatic life use support in this report is based on the species composition and structure of periphyton (benthic algae, phytobenthos) communities at 9 sites on 4 streams that were sampled in early September 2002. Periphyton is a diverse assortment of simple photosynthetic organisms called algae that live attached to or in close proximity of the stream bottom. Some algae form long filaments or large colonies and are conspicuous to the unaided eye. But most, including the ubiquitous diatoms, can be seen and identified only with the aid of a microscope. The periphyton community is a basic biological component of all aquatic ecosystems. Periphyton accounts for much of the primary production and biological diversity in Montana streams (Bahls et al. 1992). Plafkin et al. (1989) and Barbour et al. (1999) list several advantages of using periphyton in biological assessments. Biological integrity is defined as "the ability of an aquatic ecosystem to support and maintain a balanced, integrated, adaptive community of organisms having a species composition, diversity, and functional organization comparable to that of natural habitats within a region" (Karr and Dudley 1981). • # • Project Area and Sampling Sites The Swan River TMDL planning area is located within the Northern Rockies Ecoregion of Montana (Woods et al. 1999) in Lake and Missoula counties. Vegetation is mainly mixed conifer forest, with alpine tundra on the highest peaks (USDA 1976). The main land uses are recreation, logging, and wildlife production. The study streams are all tributaries of the Swan River (HUC 170 102 11), which heads in Gray Wolf Lake in the Mission Mountains, flows northerly through Lindbergh Lake and Swan Lake, and then into Flathead Lake. Streams in the Swan River drainage are classified B-1 in the Montana Surface Water Quality Standards. Periphyton samples were collected at 9 sites on 4 tributaries of the Swan River (Table 1). Goat Creek heads on the west side of the Swan Range and flows westerly into the Swan River. Elk Creek, Jim Creek and Piper Creek head on the east side of the Mission Range and flow easterly into the Swan River. Sample sites are generally located between 3,000 and 4,000 feet elevation. Methods Periphyton samples were collected following standard operating procedures of the MDEQ Planning, Prevention, and Assistance Division. Using appropriate tools, microalgae were scraped, brushed, or sucked from natural substrates in proportion to the importance of those substrates at each study site. Macroalgae were picked by hand in proportion to their abundance at the site. All collections of microalgae and macroalgae were pooled into a common container and preserved with Lugol's (EKI) solution. The samples were examined to estimate the relative abundance and ordinal rank by biovolume of diatoms and genera of soft (non-diatom) algae according to the method described in Bahls (1993). Soft algae were identified using Smith (1950), Prescott (1962, 1978), John et al. (2002), and Wehr and Sheath (2003). These books also served as references on the ecology of the soft algae, along with Palmer ( 1 969, 1 977). After the identification of soft algae, the raw periphyton samples were cleaned of organic matter using sulfuric acid, potassium dichromate, and hydrogen peroxide. Then, permanent diatom slides were prepared using Naphrax, a high refractive index mounting medium, following Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA 1998). Between 409 and 530 diatom cells (818 to 1060 valves) were counted at random and identified to species. The following were the main taxonomic references for the diatoms: Krammer and Lange-Bertalot 1986, 1988, 1991a, 1991b; Krammer 2002; Lange-Bertalot 2001. Diatom naming conventions followed those adopted by the Academy of Natural Sciences (Philadelphia) for USGS NAWQA samples (Morales and Potapova 2000). Van Dam et al. (1994) was the main ecological reference for the diatoms. The diatom proportional counts were used to generate an array of diatom association metrics. A metric is a characteristic of the biota that changes in some predictable way with increased human influence (Barbour et al. 1999). Diatoms are particularly useful in generating metrics because there is a wealth of information available in the literature regarding the pollution tolerances and water quality preferences of common diatom species (e.g., Lowe 1974, Beaver 1981, Lange-Bertalot 1996, Van Dam et al. 1994). Values for selected metrics were compared to biocriteria (numeric thresholds) developed for streams in the Rocky Mountain ecoregions of Montana (Table 2). These criteria are based on metric values measured in least-impaired reference streams (Bahls et al. 1992) and metric values measured in streams that are known to be impaired by various sources and causes of pollution (Bahls 1993). The biocriteria in Table 2 are valid only for samples collected during the summer field season (June 21 -September 21). The criteria in Table 2 distinguish among four levels of stress or impairment and three levels of aquatic life use support: (1) no impairment or only minor impairment (full support); (2) moderate impairment (partial support); and (3) severe impairment (nonsupport). These impairment levels correspond to excellent, good, fair, and poor biological integrity, respectively. \n cold, high-gradient mountain streams, natural stressors will often mimic the effects of man- caused impairment on some metric values. • ^ Quality Assurance Several steps were taken to assure that the study results are accurate and reproducible. Upon receipt of the samples, station and sample attribute data were recorded in the Montana Diatom Database and the samples were assigned a unique number, e.g., 2611-01 . The first part of this number (261 1) designates the sampling site (Goat Creek Reach 16) and the second part (01) designates the number of periphyton samples that have been collected at this site for which data have been entered into the Montana Diatom Database. Sample observations and analyses of soft (non-diatom) algae were recorded in a lab notebook along with information on the sample label. A portion of the rav/ sample was used to make duplicate diatom slides. The slide used for the diatom proportional count will be deposited in the Montana Diatom Collection at the University of Montana Herbarium in Missoula. The other slide will be retained by Hannaea in Helena. Diatom proportional counts have been entered into the Montana Diatom Database. • Results and Discussion Results are presented in Tables 3, 4 and 5, which are located near the end of this report following the references section. The Appendix contains a series of diatom reports, one for each sample. Each diatom report contains an alphabetical list of diatom species and their percent abundances, and values for 65 different diatom metrics and ecological attributes. Sample Notes Goat Creek. The sample from Reach 16 contained moss, was very silty, and was partially decomposed (smelled of H2S). The sample from Reach 9 contained some silt and consisted mostly of Schizothrix colonies. The sample from Reach 7 was silty, partly decomposed, and comprised mostly of Schizothrix crusts. The sample from Reach 3 contained moss, was decomposing, and was very silty. Stalks of Didymosphenia (a diatom-) in this sample appeared as tufts of dirty cotton. Elk Creek. Algae were sparse in the sample from Reach 1 3 and the sample contained some silt and a little moss. Algae were also sparse in the sample from Reach 3 and the sample was a bit more silty. Jim Creek. The sample from Jim Creek Reach 5 contained mostly moss. Piper Creek. The sample from Reach 14 was silty. Moss was present and diatoms were sparse. Diatoms were also sparse in the sample from Reach 2. Non-Diatom Algae Goat Creek. Diatoms and cyanobacteria dominated the benthic algal flora of Goat Creek (Table 3). Schizothrix, a filamentous cyanophyte that forms rubbery crusts on rocks, was particularly abundant here. The pollution-sensitive filamentous red alga Audouinella was also common in Goat Creek. Green algae were not abundant and appeared only at the two lower stations. Elk Creek. The tufted filamentous cyanophyte Amphithrix was the most common alga at the upper site on Elk Creek (Table 3). Audouinella ranked second in biovolume at this site. The semi-aquatic green alga Protoderma was the most common alga at the lower station. Diatoms were sparse in Elk Creek. Jim Creek. The filamentous cyanophyte Oscillatoria was the most abundant alga in Jim Creek Reach 5 (Table 3). This genus contains many species, some of which are tolerant of organic pollufion. Diatoms ranked second in biovolume in Jim Creek, which also supported the filamentous green alga Ulothrix and the filamentous xanthophyte Tribonema. Piper Creek. This stream supported a mix of diatoms, red algae, green algae, and cyanobacteria (Table 3). Audouinella was most abundant at the upstream site and Oscillatoria was most abundant at the downstream site. Diatoms were common here. % Diatoms Seven of the major diatom species in tributaries of the Swan River are sensitive to organic poHution and four are somewhat tolerant of organic poHution (Table 4). The tolerant ones tended to be more abundant at the downstream stations and in Jim Creek. The dominant diatom species at all of the sites was QiXher Achnanthes biasolettiana ov Achnanthidium minutissimum. Both are small, attached (non-motile) species that are adapted to living in fast currents. Their abundance here is a consequence of the steep gradient and fast current velocities of these streams. Both species prefer cool water temperatures and low nutrient concentrations. Although diatom community metrics at several sites indicated moderate to severe stress, these stresses appear to be natural in origin and related to the high gradients, cold temperatures, and low nutrient concentrations of these streams. High values for the pollution index and low values for the sedimentation index and percent abnormal cells indicate that organic enrichment, sedimentation, and toxic metals did not have a significant effect on the benthic algae of these streams. Goat Creek. Low species diversity, high percent dominant species, and a high disturbance index indicate minor to moderate stress in Goat Creek (Table 4). The dominant species here — Achnanlhes biasolettiana and Achnanthidium minutissimum — indicate that this stress was likely natural in origin. High similarity index values between adjacent stations in Goat Creek indicate little or no change in the diatom associations from station to station, hence little or no intervening input of pollutants or habitat alterations. Elk Creek. Both sites on Elk Creek had very low diatom diversity and species richness and very high values for the disturbance index and percent dominant species (Table 4). Again, Achnanthidium minutissimum was the dominant species, indicating a natural origin of the stressors operating in Elk Creek. The pollution index, siltation index, and percent abnormal cells all indicate good water quality here. The two sites on Elk Creek had very similar diatom floras, indicating that little or no perturbation occurred between them. Jim Creek. The diatom association of Jim Creek indicated the lowest amount of stress of any of the sites that were sampled (Table 4). However, Jim Creek also had the lowest pollution index and the highest sedimentation index of any site, indicating that this stream supported larger sediment and organic nutrient loads than any of the other sites. Nevertheless, values for these metrics were still in the range of excellent biological integrity for a mountain stream (Table 2). Jim Creek also supported the largest number of diatom species and the highest diversity of any site. These metrics tend to increase in mountain streams in response to small to moderate increases in sediments and nutrients (unpublished observation). Piper Creek. Like Elk Creek, Piper Creek had very low diatom diversity and species richness and very high values for the disturbance index and percent dominant species (Table 4). And like Elk Creek, Achnanthidium minutissimum was the dominant diatom species in Piper Creek, indicating natural stress from cold, fast waters of low nutrient content. Values for the pollution index and sedimentation index indicate very little loading of sediment or organic nutrients in Piper Creek. The two sites on Piper Creek had virtually identical diatom assemblages, indicating little or no perturbation occurred between them. Several ecological attributes were selected from the diatom reports in the appendix and modal categories of these attributes were extracted to characterize water quality tendencies in the four streams (Table 5). The four tributaries and stations within each tributary are fairly uniform in their general water quality characteristics, which may be described as circumneutral, fresh- brackish (TDS <900 mg/L), and mesotrophic, with continuously high concentrations of dissolved oxygen. Diatoms living in these streams are mostly attached (non-motile), autotrophic with respect to nitrogen, tolerate a wide range of nutrient concentrations, and live mainly in water bodies, but regularly in wet places. They indicate some organic loading, which may be natural, but zones where the oxidation of biodegradable organic matter is mostly complete (Van Dam et al. 1994). References APHA. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20"" Edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C. Bahls, L.L. 1979. Benthic diatom diversity as a measure of water quality. Proceedings of the Montana Academy of Sciences 38;l-6. # Bahls, L.L. 1993. Periphyton Bioassessment Methods for Montana Streams (revised). Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena. Bahls, L.L., Bob Bukantis, and Steve Tralles. 1992. Benchmark Biology of Montana Reference Streams. Montana Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Helena. Barbour, M.T., J. Gerritsen, B.D. Snyder, and J.B. Stribling. 1999. Rapid Bioassessment Protocols for Use In Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Fish. Second Edition. EPA/841-B-99-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, Washington, D.C. Beaver, Janet. 1981. Apparent Ecological Characteristics of Some Common Freshwater Diatoms. Ontario Ministry of The Environment, Technical Support Section, Don Mills, Ontario. Johansen, J.R. 1999. Diatoms of Aerial Habitats. Chapter 12 ;>; Stoermer, E.F., and J.P. Smol (eds.). The Diatoms: Applications For the Environmental and Earth Sciences, Cambridge University Press, New York. John, D.M., B.A. Whitton, and A.J. Brook (eds.). 2002. The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles: An Identification Guide to Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae. Cambridge Umversity Karr, J.R., and D.R. Dudley. 1981. Ecological perspectives on water qualitv goals. Environmental Management 5:55-69. Kiammer, Kurt. 2002. Cymbella. Volume 3 m Diatoms of Europe, Horst Lange-Bertalot, ed. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG., Germany. Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1986. Bacillanophyceae, Part 2, Volume 1: Naviculaceae. In Ettl, H., J Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.), Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, New York. Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1988. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 2: Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.), Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, New York. Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1991a. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 3: Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. In Ettl, H., J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.). Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, Stuttgart. Krammer, K., and H. Lange-Bertalot. 1991b. Bacillariophyceae, Part 2, Volume 4: Achnanthaceae, Critical Supplement to Navicula (Lineolatae) and Gomphonema, Complete List of Literature for Volumes 1-4. In Ettl, H., G. Gartner, J. Gerloff, H. Heynig, and D. Mollenhauer (eds.). Freshwater Flora of Middle Europe. Gustav Fischer Publisher, Stuttgart. Lange-Bertalot, Horst. 1 979. Pollution tolerance of diatoms as a criterion for water quality estimation. Nova Hedwigia 64:285-304. Lange-Bertalot, Horst. 1996. Rote Liste der limnischen Kieselalgen (Bacillariophyceae) Deutschlands. Schr.-R. f Vegetationskde., H. 28, pp. 633-677. BfN, Bonn-Bad Godesberg. Lange-Bertalot, Horst. 2001 . Navicula sensu stricto: 10 Genera Separated from Navicula sensu lato; Frustulia. 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Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacteria. Pp. 239-277 in Stewart, W.D.P., and J. Gallo (eds.). Nitrogen Fixation, Academic Press, New York. USDA. 1976. Climax Vegetation of Montana (map). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, Cartographic Unit, Portland. USEPA. 2000. Level 111 Ecoregions of the Continental United States (map). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, Oregon. Van Dam, Herman, Adrienne Mertens, and Jos Sinkeldam. 1994. A coded checklist and ecological Indicator values of freshwater diatoms fi-om The Netherlands. Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology 28(1): 11 7- 133. Weber, CI. (ed.). 1973. Biological Field and Laboratory Methods for Measuring the Quality of Surface Waters and Effluents. EPA-670/4-73-001. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Environmental Research Center, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, Ohio. Wehr, J.D., and R.G. Sheath (eds.). 2003. Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification. Academic Press, New York. Whittaker, R.H. 1952. A study of summer foliage insect communities in the Great Smoky Mountains. Ecological Monographs 22: 1-44. Woods, A. J., Omemik, J.M., Nesser, J.A., Shelden, J., and S.H. Azevedo. 1999. Ecoregions of Montana (color poster with inap), U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. 11 CM O O Cvl 03 0) c 'c c TO D. _l Q 0) > c c _o TO to "5. E TO 05 C o ■5, Q. 'i_ 0) Q. C o TO O O 03 03 CNJ CM r-j Csl Cvj eg CM CM CM g g g g g g g g g ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ in S in CO Q (f) 35 03 03 55 55 55 55 55 55 (N CM ■^ CD CD ■ CO n oo CO CO 00 00 oo oo ■* CD 00 oo CNJ o oo CD 03 OJ o OM LO CNJ OO CO CNI (33 "O ■^— in T— C33 CD C3> CD CO CM 3 CD LO iri ^ cri ■^ h^ q6 d> ^ 'S- '^ ■^ ■^ CNJ 00 CO CO ■* ro 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 _i r--- h- h~ h- r- h- r^ h- r-- '^ -^ 'a- ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ CO .. ^ nnae imple jmbe 5 O g 5 g g g 5 g r— CNJ CO 4 uS CO N- 00 CJ3 5«z CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CD CM CM CM CN CM CM CM CM CM •* cn CM CM O O a. O o O O CM T- T— O O cr a. 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O 03 03 ■o O J3 k_ 03 "cD c 'cD 05 03 X3 o >> c CD 2 q 05 ,03 "co o X3 O J3 c E I— E "cD 5 o u Id C c •^ o c: 5? 03 CD Q. 2 >^ 05 03 03 "■o > o c ^ =) — B 0) X3 03 "(D TO 05 5 CO 05 C c CO — CO O o c CO 03 o z 2 is c o ^ C/5 03 c C33 03 ^~ > B TO w 03 Appendix: Diatom Reports Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Sample: 261801 Client ID: C10PIPRC02 Sample Location: Piper Creek Reach 14 Sample Date: 9/5/02 Diatom Species Genus/Species/Variety Achnanthes biasoletiiana Achnanthes pusilla Achnanthidium minutissimum Cocconeis placentula Diatoma hyemalis Diatoma mesodon Encyonema silesiacum Eucocconeis flexella Fragilaria capucina Gomphonema dichotomum Gomphonema minusculum Gomphonema olivaceoides Reimeria sinuata Staurosira construens Percent Relative Abundance 3.31 0.12 80.85 0.95 0.47 0.47 0.24 0.12 0.24 1.42 2.25 8.63 0.12 0.83 Diatom Metrics Metric Category Valves Counted Cells Counted Total Number of Species Total Number of Species Counted Percent Dominant Species Shannon's Diversity index Pollution Index Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Most Tolerant Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Tolerant Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Sensitive Value 846 423 18 14 80.85 1.2 3 0 0.47 99.53 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 1 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Siltation Index ~ 0 Disturbance Index ~ 80.85 Stability Index ~ 2.01 Percent Epithemiaceae -- 0 Percent Aerophiles - 0 Percent Gentries ~ 0 Motility (% by Category) Highly Motile 0 Motility (% by Category) Moderately Motile 0,12 Motility (% by Category) Not Motile 99.65 Motility (% by Category) Variable Motility 0.24 pH (% by Category) Not Classified 2.25 pH (% by Category) Acidobiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Acidophilous 0 pH (% by Category) Circumneutral 90,78 pH (% by Category) Alkaliphilous 6.97 pH (% by Category) Alkalibiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Indifferent 0 Salinity (% by Category) Not Classified 2.25 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh 9.69 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh-brackish 88.06 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish-fresh 0 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish 0 Salinity (% by Category) Marine 0 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Not Classified 5,79 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (low organics) 12.06 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (high organics) 82,15 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Facultative Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Nitrogen Uptake {% by Category) Obligate Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Not Classified 5,79 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Continuously High 93.03 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Fairly High 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Moderate 1.18 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Low 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Very Low 0 Saprobity (% by Category) Not Classified 5.56 Saprobity (% by Category) Oligosaprobous • 9,81 Saprobity (% by Category) beta-Mesosaprobous 84,4 Saprobity (% by Category) alpha-Mesosaprobous 0,24 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 2 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 J 2th Avenue Helena. MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.conn Diatom Report Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture {% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Similarity Index % by Category) % by Category) % by Category) % by Category) % by Category) % by Category) % by Category) % by Category) alpha-Mesosaprobous/Polysaprobous 0 Polysaprobous 0 Not Classified 2.72 Oligotraphentic 0.24 Oligo-mesotraphentic 8.63 Mesotraphentic 4.14 Meso-eutraphentic 2.25 Eutraphentic 0.95 Hypereutraphentic 0 Variable 81.09 Dystrophic 0 Not Classified 5.91 Rarely Outside Waterbodies 1.06 Mainly in Waterbodies; Sometimes Wet 1 .89 Mainly in Waterbodies; Regularly Wet 91.13 Mainly Wet Places; Sometimes in Water 0 Exclusively Outside Waterbodies 0 Reference Sample ID: 261901 86.15 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 3 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.corn Diatom Report Sample: 261901 Client ID: C10PIPRC01 Sample Location: Piper Creek Reach 2 Sample Date: 9/5/02 Diatom Species Genus/SpeciesA/ariety Achnanthes biasolettiana Achnanthidium minutissimum Cocconeis placentula Cymbella laevis Diatoma hyemalis Encyonema minutum Encyonema silesiacum Fragilaria vauchehae Gomphonema cuneolus Gomphonema dichotomum Gomphonema kobayasii Gomphonema minusculum Gomphonema olivaceoldes Hannaea arcus Navicula cryptotenella Reimeria sinuata Staurosira construens Staurosirella pinnata Synedra rumpens Synedra ulna Percent Relative Abundance 0.98 81.68 0.24 0.12 0.73 0.12 0.61 0.73 0.24 7.94 0.61 0.24 1.47 0.37 0.12 1.22 0.12 0.24 1.1 1.1 Diatom Metrics Metric Valves Counted Cells Counted Total Number of Species Total Number of Species Counted Category Value 819 409.5 20 20 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 1 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report 0 Percent Dominant Species - 81.68 Shannon's Diversity Index - 1.26 Pollution Index - 2.96 Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Most Tolerant 0 Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Tolerant 3.79 Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Sensitive 96.21 Siltation Index — 0.12 Disturbance Index — 81.68 Stability Index - 4.4 Percent Epithemiaceae - 0 Percent Aerophiles - 0.73 Percent Centrics ~ 0 Motility (% by Category) Highly Motile 0 Motility (% by Category) Moderately Motile 1.34 Motility (% by Category) Not Motile 97.8 Motility (% by Category) Variable Motility 0.85 pH (% by Category) Not Classified 1.59 pH (% by Category) Acidobiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Acidophilous 0 pH {% by Category) Circumneutral 86.2 pH (% by Category) Alkaliphilous 12.21 pH (% by Category) Alkalibiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Indifferent 0 Salinity (% by Category) Not Classified 1.59 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh 2.2 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh-brackish 96.21 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish-fresh 0 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish 0 Salinity (% by Category) Marine 0 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Not Classified 3.79 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (low organics) 10.26 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (high organics) 85.96 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Facultative Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Obligate Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Not Classified 3.79 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Continuously High .93.41 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Fairly High 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Moderate 2.81 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 2 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Oxygen Demand (% by Categoi^) Oxygen Dennand {% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Moisture {% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Similarity Index (% by Category) {% by Category) (% by Category) (% by Category) (% by Category) (% by Category) (% by Category) (% by Category) (% by Category) Low 0 Very Low 0 Not Classified 3.66 Oligosaprobous 2.2 beta-Mesosaprobous 91.58 alpha-Mesosaprobous 1.47 alpha-Mesosaprobous/Polysaprobous 1 .1 Polysaprobous 0 Not Classified 2.32 Oligotraphentic 0 Oligo-mesotraphentic 2.56 Mesotraphentic 2.2 Meso-eutraphentic 8.06 Eutraphentic 0.98 Hypereutraphentic 0 Variable 83.88 Dystrophic 0 Not Classified 3.66 Rarely Outside Waterbodies 0.85 Mainly in Waterbodies; Sometimes Wet 2.2 Mainly in Waterbodies; Regularly Wet 93.28 Mainly Wet Places; Sometimes in Water 0 Exclusively Outside Waterbodies 0 Reference Sample ID: 261801 86.15 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 3 2/5/03 0 • Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Sample: 261701 Client ID: C10JIMC01 Sample Location: Jim Creek Reach 5 (lower) Sample Date: 9/5/02 # Diatom Species Genus/Species/Variety Achnanthes biasolettiana Achnanthes exigua Achnanthes lanceolata Achnanthes lauenbergiana Achnanthes sp. Achnanthidium minutissimum Amphipleura pellucida Amphora inahensis Amphora pediculus Caloneis bacillum Cocconeis pediculus Cocconeis placentula Cymbella affinis Cymbella cistula Diatoma hyemalis Diploneis oblongella Encyonema silesiacum Eucocconeis laevis Eunotia sp. Fragilaha capucina Gomphoneis herculeana Gomphonema acuminatum Gomphonema dichotomum Gomphonema micropus Gomphonema minutum Gomphonema olivaceum Gomphonema parvulum Gomphonema sp. Meridion circulare Percent Relative Abundance 4.61 0.12 0.92 0.12 0.23 34.83 0.69 0.92 1.85 0.23 0.12 2.08 0.12 0.23 1.85 0.12 6.81 0.35 0.12 8.3 0.23 0.46 3.81 0.23 0.23 0.12 1.85 0.46 1.15 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 1 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 ]2th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report # Navicula antonii Navicula cari Navicula menisculus Navicula minima Navicula minuscula Navicula radiosiola Navicula reichardtiana Navicula tripunctata Nitzschia dissipata Nitzschia pura Nitzschia recta Nitzschia sublinearis Reimeria sinuata Staurosira construens Staurosirella leptostauron Staurosirella pinnata Synedra rumpens Synedra ulna 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.35 0.12 0.23 2.88 0.69 1.04 4.27 0.35 0.69 1.04 7.27 0.92 2.08 1.15 3.11 Diatom Metrics Metric Category Valves Counted Cells Counted — Total Number of Species — Total Number of Species Counted Percent Dominant Species Shannon's Diversity Index — Pollution Index Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Most Tolerant Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Tolerant Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Sensitive Siltation Index Disturbance Index Stability Index ~ Percent Epithemiaceae Percent Aerophiles Percent Centrics - Value 867 433.5 47 47 34.83 3.87 2.65 2.31 30.22 67.47 11.3 34,83 24.68 0 0.58 0 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 2 275/03 • Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report • Motility (% by Category) Highly Motile 6.34 Motility (% by Category) Moderately Motile 9.8 Motility (% by Category) Not Motile 76.59 Motility {% by Category) Variable Motility 7.27 pH (% by Category) Not Classified 7.38 pH (% by Category) Acidobiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Acidophilous 0 pH (% by Category) Circumneutral 54.67 pH (% by Category) Alkaliphilous 37.83 pH (% by Category) Alkalibiontic 0.12 pH (% by Category) Indifferent 0 Salinity (% by Category) Not Classified 1,96 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh 2.31 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh-brackish 95.62 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish-fresh 0.12 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish 0 Salinity (% by Category) Marine 0 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Not Classified 25.03 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (low organics) 15.34 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (high organics) 57.44 Nitrogen Uptake {% by Category) Facultative Nitrogen Heterotroph 2.19 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Obligate Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Not Classified 25.03 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Continuously High 52.48 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Fairly High 7.15 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Moderate 13.15 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Low 2.19 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Very Low 0 Saprobity (% by Category) Not Classified 9 Saprobity (% by Category) Oligosaprobous 7.5 Saprobity (% by Category) beta-Mesosaprobous 66.67 Saprobity (% by Category) alpha-Mesosaprobous 10.84 Saprobity (% by Category) alpha-Mesosaprobous/Polysaprobous 6 Saprobity (% by Category) Polysaprobous 0 Trophic State (% by Category) Not Classified 11.07 Trophic State (% by Category) Oligotraphentic ■ 1.38 Trophic State (% by Category) Oligo-mesotraphentic 1.96 Trophic State (% by Category) Mesotraphentic 13.96 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 3 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Meso-eutraphentic 13.26 Eutraphentic 9.69 Hypereutraphentic 0 Variable 48.67 Dystrophic 0 Not Classified 24.91 Rarely Outside Waterbodies 1 6.03 Mainly in Waterbodies; Sometimes Wet 9.69 Mainly in Waterbodies; Regularly Wet 49.13 Mainly Wet Places; Sometimes in Water 0.23 Exclusively Outside Waterbodies 0 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 4 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Sample: 261601 Client ID: C10ELKC01 Sample Location: Elk Creek Reach 3 Sample Date: 9/4/02 • Diatom Species Genus/Species/Variety Achnanthes biasolettiana Achnanthes bioretii Achnanthidium minutissimum Cocconeis placentula Cymbella excislformis Cymbella leptoceros Encyonopsis microcephala Eucocconeis laevis Gomphonema cuneolus Gomphonema dichotomum Gomphonema minusculum Gomphonema olivaceoides Gomphonema pumilum Navicula bremensis Navicula cari Reimeria sinuata Synedra rumpens Percent Relative Abundance 0.24 0.12 73.23 1.32 0.12 0.24 0.84 0.48 0.84 9.12 0.24 5.16 0.48 0.12 0.12 7.08 0.24 Diatom Metrics Metric Valves Counted Cells Counted Total Number of Species Total Number of Species Counted Percent Dominant Species Shannon's Diversity Index Pollution Index Category Value 833 416.5 17 17 73.23 1.54 2.99 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 1 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 I2th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Most Tolerant 0 Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Tolerant 1.32 Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Sensitive 98.68 Siltation Index — 0.24 Disturbance Index ~ 73.23 Stability Index - 0.24 Percent Epithemiaceae - 0 Percent Aerophiles ~ 0 Percent Gentries — 0 Motility (% by Category) Highly Motile 0 Motility (% by Category) Moderately Motile 7.32 Motility {% by Category) Not Motile 91.48 Motility (% by Category) Variable Motility 1.2 pH (% by Category) Not Classified 1.92 pH (% by Category) Acidobiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Acidophilous 0 pH (% by Category) Circumneutral 86.31 pH (% by Category) Alkaliphilous 11.76 pH (% by Category) Alkalibiontic 0 pH {% by Category) Indifferent 0 Salinity (% by Category) Not Classified 1.32 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh 5.88 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh-brackish 92.8 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish-fresh 0 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish 0 Salinity (% by Category) Marine 0 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Not Classified 2.4 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (low organics) 15.97 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (high organics) 81.63 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Facultative Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Obligate Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Not Classified 2.4 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Continuously High 96.28 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Fairly High 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Moderate 1.32 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Low 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Very Low 0 Saprobity (% by Category) Not Classified 2.4 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 2 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report • Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Similarity Index Oligosaprobous 6.84 beta-Mesosaprobous 90.76 alpha-Mesosaprobous 0 alpha-Mesosaprobous/Polysaprobous 0 Polysaprobous 0 Not Classified 1.32 Oligotraphentic 0.72 Oligo-mesotraphentic 5.4 Mesotraphentic 7.44 Meso-eutraphentic 9.96 Eutraphentic 1.32 Hypereutraphentic 0 Variable 73.83 Dystrophic 0 Not Classified 2.4 Rarely Outside Waterbodies 0 Mainly in Waterbodies; Sometimes Wet 1 .32 Mainly in Waterbodies; Regularly Wet 96.16 Mainly Wet Places; Sometimes in Water 0.12 Exclusively Outside Waterbodies 0 Reference Sample ID: 261501 80.01 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 3 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena. MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Sample: 261501 Client ID: C10ELKC02 Sample Location: Elk Creek Reach 13 Sample Date: 9/4/02 Diatom Species Genus/Species/Variety Achnanthes biasolettiana Achnanthes lanceolata Achnanthidium minutissimum Cocconeis placentula Cymbella reichardtii Diatoma moniliformis Diatoma tenuis Encyonopsis microcephala Fragilaria vaucheriae Gomphonema cuneolus Gomphonema dichotomum Gomphonema minusculum Gomphonema olivaceoides Gomphonema pumilum Hannaea arcus Navicula cryptotenella Navicula stroemii Nitzschia hantzschiana Reimeria sinuata Staurosira construens Percent Relative Abundance 0.11 0.11 84.69 0.34 0.23 0.11 0.11 0.79 0.57 1.36 1.02 2.38 2.38 4.2 0.23 0.11 0.23 0.23 0.57 0.23 Diatom Metrics Metric Valves Counted Cells Counted Total Number of Species Total Number of Species Counted Category Value 882 • 441 28 20 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 1 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Percent Dominant Species Shannon's Diversity Index Pollution Index Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Siltation Index Disturbance Index Stability Index Percent Epithenriiaceae Percent Aerophiles Percent Centrics Motility (% by Category) Motility (% by Category) Motility (% by Category) Motility (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) Salinity (% by Category) Salinity (% by Category) Salinity (% by Category) Salinity (% by Category) Salinity (% by Category) Salinity (% by Category) Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Most Tolerant Tolerant Sensitive Highly Motile Moderately Motile Not Motile Variable Motility Not Classified Acidobiontic Acidophilous Circumneutral Alkaliphilous Alkalibiontic Indifferent Not Classified Fresh Fresh-brackish Brackish-fresh Brackish Marine Not Classified Nitrogen Autotroph (low organics) Nitrogen Autotroph (high organics) Facultative Nitrogen Heterotroph Obligate Nitrogen Heterotroph Not Classified Continuously High Fairly High Moderate 84.69 1.13 2.98 0 2.04 97.96 0.57 84.69 1.25 0 0.79 0 0.23 0.91 97.85 1.02 8.5 0 0 87.87 3.63 0 0 4.31 2.61 92.97 0.11 0 0 8.96 4.65 86.39 0 0 8.73 ■90.14 0 1.13 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 2 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.corn Diatom Report Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State {% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Similarity Index Low 0 Very Low 0 Not Classified 8.84 Oligosaprobous 3.4 beta-Mesosaprobous 86.96 alpha-Mesosaprobous 0.79 alpha-Mesosaprobous/Polysaprobous 0 Polysaprobous 0 Not Classified 4.54 Oligotraphentic 0 Oligo-mesotraphentic 2.38 Mesotraphentic 0.91 Meso-eutraphentic 2.04 Eutraphentic 1.13 Hypereutraphentic 0 Variable 89 Dystrophic 0 Not Classified 8.62 Rarely Outside Waterbodies 0.34 Mainly in Waterbodies; Sometimes Wet 0.45 Mainly in Waterbodies; Regularly Wet 90.14 Mainly Wet Places; Sometimes in Water 0.45 Exclusively Outside Waterbodies 0 Reference Sample ID: 261601 80.01 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 3 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 ISth Avenue Helena. MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Sample: 261401 Client ID: C10GOATC01 Sample Location: Goat Creek Reach 3 Sample Date: 9/4/02 Diatom Species Genus/Species/Variety Achnanthes biasolettiana Achnanthes sp. Achnanthidium affine Achnanthidium minutissimum Amphora inariensis Cocconeis pediculus Cocconeis placentula Cymbella afflnis Cymbella excisiformis Cymbella laevis Cymbella leptoceros Denticula tenuis Diatoma hyemalis Diatoma mesodon Diatoma tenuis Didymosphenia geminata Diploneis oblongella Encyonema silesiacum Encyonopsis microcephala Eucocconeis flexella Eucocconeis laevis Fragilaria capucina Fragilaria vaucheriae Gomphonema cuneolus Gomphonema dichotomum Gomphonema minusculum Gomphonema sp. Navicula cryptocephala Navicula cryptotenella Percent Relative Abundance 9.83 0.24 1.66 55.92 0.24 0.47 1.07 0.24 2.61 0.47 0.24 0.24 0.12 0.12 0.47 0.24 0.12 1.18 5.21 0.47 0.47 0.47 0.95 0.47 1.9 1.78 0.12 0.24 1.07 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 1 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena. MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Nitzschia angustata Nitzschia dissipata Nitzschia heufleriana Nitzsctiia linearis Nitzschia palea Nitzschia pura Nitzschia recta Reimeria sinuate Staurosira construens Staurosirella leptostauron Staurosireila pinnata Synedra rumpens Synedra ulna 0.24 0.36 0.24 0.24 0.47 0.24 0.12 0.47 0.47 0.71 1.07 6.04 0.71 Diatom Metrics Metric Valves Counted Cells Counted Total Number of Species Total Number of Species Counted Percent Dominant Species Shannon's Diversity Index Pollution Index Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Siitation Index Disturbance Index Stability Index Percent Epithemiaceae Percent Aerophiles Percent Centrics Motility (% by Category) Motility (% by Category) Motility (% by Category) Motility (% by Category) pH (% by Category) Category Most Tolerant Tolerant Sensitive Highly Motile Moderately Motile Not Motile Variable Motility Not Classified Value 844 422 42 42 55.92 2.84 2.82 0.47 16.82 82.7 3.2 55.92 11.14 0.24 1.42 0 1.9 2.37 '85.78 9.95 6.4 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 2 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 52th Avenue Helena. MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report pH (% by Category) Acidobiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Acidophilous 0 pH (% by Category) Circumneutral 66.11 pH (% by Category) Alkaliphilous 27.49 pH (% by Category) Alkalibiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Indifferent 0 Salinity (% by Category) Not Classified 5.92 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh 1.66 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh-brackish 91.47 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish-fresh 0.95 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish 0 Salinity {% by Category) Marine 0 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Not Classified 25.71 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (low organics) 10.55 Nitrogen Uptake {% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (high organics) 63.27 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Facultative Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Obligate Nitrogen Heterotroph 0.47 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Not Classified 25.71 Oxygen Dennand (% by Category) Continuously High 68.01 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Fairly High 1.18 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Moderate 4.62 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Low 0.47 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Very Low 0 Saprobity (% by Category) Not Classified 22.04 Saprobity (% by Category) Oligosaprobous 9.83 Saprobity (% by Category) beta-Mesosaprobous 64.1 Saprobity (% by Category) alpha-Mesosaprobous 2.84 Saprobity (% by Category) alpha-Mesosaprobous/Polysaprobous 0.71 Saprobity (% by Category) Polysaprobous 0.47 Trophic State (% by Category) Not Classified 8.29 Troptiic State (% by Category) Oligotraphentic 1.42 Trophic State (% by Category) Oligo-mesotraphentic 6.04 Trophic State (% by Category) Mesotraphentic 11.37 Trophic State (% by Category) Meso-eutraphentic 8.89 Trophic State (% by Category) Eutraphentic 3.2 Trophic State (% by Category) Hypereutraphentic • 0.47 Trophic State (% by Category) Variable 60.31 Trophic State (% by Category) Dystrophic 0 Hannaea - Diatom Report Pages 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Moisture (% by Category) Not Classified 24.64 Moisture (% by Category) Rarely Outside Waterbodies 2.96 Moisture (% by Category) Mainly in Waterbodies; Sometimes Wet 4.27 Moisture (% by Category) Mainly in Waterbodies; Regularly Wet 68.01 Moisture (% by Category) Mainly Wet Places; Sometimes in Water 0.12 Moisture (% by Category) Exclusively Outside Waterbodies 0 Similarity Index Reference Sample ID: 2611 01 65.93 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 4 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 .12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Sample: 261301 Client ID: C10GOATC02 Sample Location: Goat Creek Reach 7 Sample Date: 9/4/02 Diatom Species Genus/SpeciesA/ariety Achnanthes biasolettiana Achnanthes marginulata Achnanthes sp. Achnanthidium minutissimum Cocconeis placentula Cymbella excisa Cymbella excisiformis Cymbella laevis Denticula tenuis Diatoma hyemalis Diploneis oblongella Encyonema silesiacum Encyonopsis microcephala Eucocconeis flexella Eucocconeis laevis Fragilaha capucina Frustulia rhomboides Gomphonema cuneolus Gomphonema dichotomum Gomphonema kobayasii Gomphonema minusculum Navicula cryptotenella Navicula radiosa Navicula radiosiola Navicula sp. Navicula stroemii Nitzschia dissipata Reimeria sinuata Staurosirella pinnate Percent Relative Abundance 33.4 0.19 0.19 38.49 0.28 0.19 1.89 5.09 0.09 0.85 0.09 0.85 2.45 0.19 0.19 0.94 0.09 0.38 1.04 0.75 3.4 1.7 0.09 0.38 0.19 1.13 0.66 0.47 0.28 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 1 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032.12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Synedra rumpens Synedra ulna 3.87 0.19 Diatom Metrics Metric Valves Counted Cells Counted Total Number of Species Total Number of Species Counted Percent Dominant Species Shannon's Diversity Index Pollution Index Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Siltation Index Disturbance Index Stability Index Percent Epithemiaceae Percent Aerophiles Percent Centrics Motility (% by Category) Motility (% by Category) Motility (% by Category) Motility (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) pH (% by Category) Salinity (% by Category) Salinity (% by Category) Salinity (% by Category) Salinity (% by Category) Salinity (% by Category) Category Most Tolerant Tolerant Sensitive Highly Motile Moderately Motile Not Motile Variable Motility Not Classified Acidobiontic Acidophilous Circumneutral Alkaliphilous Alkalibiontic Indifferent Not Classified Fresh Fresh-brackish Brackish-fresh Brackish Value 1060 530 32 31 38.49 2.69 2.88 0 11.7 88.3 4.15 38.49 6.13 0.09 0 0 0.66 4.25 84.62 10.47 12.26 0 0.28 45.09 42.36 0 0 12.26 1.6 '86.13 0 0 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 2 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Salinity (% by Category) Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Uptake {% by Category) Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Trophic State Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Similarity Index (% by Category) (% by Category) {% by Category) (% by Category) (% by Category) (% by Category) (% by Category) (% by Category) (% by Category) Marine 0 Not Classified 53.3 Nitrogen Autotroph (low organics) 5.38 Nitrogen Autotroph (high organics) 41 .32 Facultative Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Obligate Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Not Classified 52.17 Continuously High 45.75 Fairly High 0.75 Moderate 1 .32 Low 0 Very Low 0 Not Classified 50.66 Oligosaprobous 4.15 beta-Mesosaprobous 44.15 alpha-Mesosaprobous 0.85 alpha-Mesosaprobous/Polysaprobous 0.19 Polysaprobous 0 Not Classified 14.34 Oligotraphentic 0.66 Oligo-mesotraphentic 3.87 Mesotraphentic 34.91 Meso-eutraphentic 4.25 Eutraphentic 0.47 Hypereutraphentic 0 Variable 41.51 Dystrophic 0 Not Classified 50.47 Rarely Outside Waterbodies 0.85 Mainly in Waterbodies; Sometimes Wet 3.3 Mainly in Waterbodies; Regularly Wet 43.96 Mainly Wet Places; Sometimes in Water 1 .42 Exclusively Outside Waterbodies 0 Reference Sample ID: 261401 65.04 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 3 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032.12th Avenue Helena. MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana com Diatom Report Sample: 261201 Client ID: C10GOATC03 Sample Location: Goat Creek Reach 9 Sample Date: 9/5/02 Diatom Species Genus/Species/Variety Achnanthes biasolettiana Achnanthes sp. Achnanthidium minutissimum Brachysira neoexilis Cymbella excisiformis Cymbella laevis Cymbella leptoceros Denticula tenuis Encyonopsis microcephala Eucocconeis flexella Eucocconeis laevis Gomphonema dichotomum Gomphonema kobayasii Gomphonema minusculum Navicula radiosiola Navicula sp. Navicula stroemii Synedra rumpens Synedra ulna Diatom Metrics Metric Valves Counted Cells Counted Total Number of Species Total Number of Species Counted Percent Dominant Species Percent Relative Abundance 51.64 0.24 25.7 1.58 1.33 3.88 0.73 0.12 9.58 0.48 0.12 1.09 0.24 0.24 0.73 0.24 1.09 0.48 0.48 Category Value 825 412.5 . 19 19 51.64 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 1 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032,1 2th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Shannon's Diversity index - 2.14 Pollution Index - 2.87 Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Most Tolerant 0 Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Tolerant 12.61 Pollution Tolerance {% by Category) Sensitive 87.39 Siltation Index - 2.06 Disturbance Index ~ 25.7 Stability Index - 0.97 Percent Epithemiaceae ~ 0.12 Percent Aerophiles ~ 0 Percent Centrics - 0 Motility (% by Category) Highly Motile 0 Motility (% by Category) Moderately Motile 2.18 Motility (% by Category) Not Motile 80.73 Motility (% by Category) Variable Motility 15.52 pH (% by Category) Not Classified 8.48 pH (% by Category) Acidobiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Acidophilous 0 pH (% by Category) Circumneutral 26.79 pH (% by Category) Alkaliphilous 64.73 pH (% by Category) Alkalibiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Indifferent 0 Salinity (% by Category) Not Classified 8.48 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh 1.45 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh-brackish 90.06 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish-fresh 0 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish 0 Salinity (% by Category) Marine 0 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Not Classified 61.7 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (low/ organics) 12.12 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (high organics) 26.18 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Facultative Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Obligate Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Not Classified 60.61 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Continuously High 38.91 Oxygen Demand {% by Category) Fairly High 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Moderate 0.48 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Low 0 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 2 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 -12th Avenue Helena. MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.confi Diatom Report Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Saprobity (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Troptiic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Trophic State (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Moisture (% by Category) Similarity Index Very Low 0 Not Classified 61.7 Oligosaprobous 11.03 beta-Mesosaprobous 26.79 alpha-Mesosaprobous 0 alpha-Mesosaprobous/Polysaprobous 0.48 Polysaprobous 0 Not Classified 9.58 Oligotraphentic 1.33 Oligo-mesotraphentic 0.48 Mesotraphentic 51.76 Meso-eutraphentic 10.67 Eutraphentic 0 Hypereutraphentic 0 Variable 26.18 Dystrophic 0 Not Classified 60.61 Rarely Outside Waterbodies 0 Mainly in Waterbodies; Sometimes Wet 0.48 Mainly in Waterbodies; Regularly Wet 37.82 Mainly Wet Places; Sometimes in Water 1 .09 Exclusively Outside Waterbodies 0 Reference Sample ID: 261 301 71 .2 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 3 2/5/03 ^ Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena, MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Sample: 261101 Client ID: C10GOATC04 Sample Location: Goat Creek Reach 16 (upper) Sample Date: 9/4/02 Diatom Species Genus/Species/Variety Achnanthes biasolettiana Achnanthidium minutissimum Brachysira neoexilis Cocconeis placentula Cymbella laevis Cymbella leptoceros Denticula tenuis Diatoma hyemalis Encyonopsis microcephala Eucocconeis flexella Fragilaria vauchehae Gomphonema dichotomum Gomphonema kobayasii Gomphonema minusculum Gomphonema pumilum Hannaea arcus Meridion circulare Navicula densilineolata Navicula radiosiola Navicula sp. Navicula stroemii Nitzschia dissipata Nitzschia purs Pinnulaha borealis Percent Relative Abundance 21.97 44.9 2.06 0.61 6.31 2.67 3.4 0.61 5.95 0.12 0.85 1.94 0.49 0.85 0.24 0.61 0.61 0.49 0.12 0.24 3.76 0.49 0.49 0.24 Diatom Metrics Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 1 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 J2th Avenue Helena. MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Metric Category Value Valves Counted — 824 Cells Counted — 412 Total Number of Species - 36 Total Number of Species Counted -- 24 Percent Dominant Species - 44.9 Shannon's Diversity Index ~ 2.73 Pollution Index ~ 2.88 Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Most Tolerant 0 Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Tolerant 11.65 Pollution Tolerance (% by Category) Sensitive 88.35 Siltation Index - 5.58 Disturbance Index — 44.9 Stability Index - 2.06 Percent Epithemiaceae - 3.4 Percent Aerophiles - 1.09 Percent Centrics -- 0 Motility (% by Category) Highly Motile 0.97 Motility (% by Category) Moderately Motile 8.25 Motility (% by Category) Not Motile 73.79 Motility (% by Category) Variable Motility 14.93 pH (% by Category) Not Classified 11.41 pH (% by Category) Acidobiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Acidophilous 0 pH (% by Category) Circumneutral 45.27 pH (% by Category) Alkaliphilous 43.33 pH (% by Category) Alkalibiontic 0 pH (% by Category) Indifferent 0 Salinity (% by Category) Not Classified 10.68 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh 7.28 Salinity (% by Category) Fresh-brackish 82.04 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish-fresh 0 Salinity (% by Category) Brackish 0 Salinity (% by Category) Marine 0 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Not Classified .37.62 Nitrogen Uptake {% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (low organics) 14.68 Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Nitrogen Autotroph (high organics) 47.69 Nitrogen Uptake {% by Category) Facultative Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 2 2/5/03 Hannaea 1032 12th Avenue Helena. MT 59601 (406)443-2196 hannaea@montana.com Diatom Report Nitrogen Uptake (% by Category) Obligate Nitrogen Heterotroph 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Not Classified 33.86 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Continuously High 63.59 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Fairly High 1.09 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Moderate 1.46 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Low 0 Oxygen Demand (% by Category) Very Low 0 Saprobity (% by Category) Not Classified 37.14 Saprobity (% by Category) Oligosaprobous 13.23 Saprobity (% by Category) beta-Mesosaprobous 48.79 Saprobity (% by Category) alpha-Mesosaprobous 0.85 Saprobity (% by Category) alpha-Mesosaprobous/Polysaprobous 0 Saprobity (% by Category) Polysaprobous 0 Trophic State (% by Category) Not Classified 15.53 Troptiic State (% by Category) Oligotraphentic 3.28 Trophic State (% by Category) Oligo-mesotraphentic 0.24 Trophic State {% by Category) Mesotraphentic 25.36 Trophic State (% by Category) Meso-eutraphentic 8.37 Trophic State (% by Category) Eutraphentic 1.46 Trophic State {% by Category) Hypereutraphentic 0 Trophic State (% by Category) Variable 45.75 Trophic State (% by Category) Dystrophic 0 Moisture (% by Category) Not Classified 33.86 Moisture (% by Category) Rarely Outside Waterbodies 0.61 Moisture (% by Category) Mainly in Waterbodies; Sometimes Wet 1.21 Moisture (% by Category) Mainly in Waterbodies; Regularly Wet 60.32 Moisture (% by Category) Mainly Wet Places; Sometimes in Water 4 Moisture (% by Category) Exclusively Outside Waterbodies 0 Similarity Index Reference Sample ID: 261201 63.06 Hannaea - Diatom Report Page 3 2/5/03