FORTHE PEOPLE FOR EDVCATION FOR SCIENCE LIBRARY OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 1921 BIRD NOTES. THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUiJ, FOR THE STUDY OF ALL SPECIES OF BIRDS IN FREEDOM AND CAPTIVITY. VOLUME II.— SERIES III. " By mutual confidence and mutual aid, Great deeds are done and great discoveries made." Edited by WESLEY T. PAGE F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S. Author of " Aviaries and Aviary Life," Etc. Ashbourne. J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, 1919. #*• ^1 .^sa«o. Ouj^ . ^ Lisi of Contents. lit. Contents. Page. TlTI.F Pagk /. Skcretarv"s Rki'okt iv. List of Plates v. Tl.H'STRATIONS IN' THK TkXT Vi. Indkx to Contuibutoks vii. TiiK AIagazink I Gexicral Index 262 Index to Genera and Species 271 Inset Pink Pages. iv. Secrcfary's Report. Secretary's Report. W'itli this issue of \\\\<\i Xotks, \'o1. 11. of Series 111. is complete. ( )ur members will, 1 think, ai^ree with me that, thoui^h contributors are fewer, the i:)resent volume favourably compares with its predecessors. I should, however, like to see, during" the comin,q" year, more members contributing articles to the journal. 1920 will be the " coming of age " of the club, and I feel sure that if every member does his or her best to help, either by writing or sending on to the Editor any items of interest to aviculture, \'ol. TTI. will surpass any that have preceded it. ( )ur Illustrations have been very numerous, both as plates and in the text, and great credit is due to Mr. Henstock, our printer and publisher, for their excellent reproduction. Mrs. .\. M. Cook's drawings have been cjuite a feature of the \olume — all have l)een done gratis — freely given as her " part as a 1)1 cm her to assist the club through the times of costly production." On behalf of the Club and its ofKicers I must express our best thanks and keen appreciation. Coloured plates, owing to the greatly increased cost of production. ha\e been impossible; the club funds would not permit such luxuries. During the year it was found necessary to increase the annual sul)scription to £1. Judging by the number of letters I received, endorsing this policy, the great majority of our members approved of the step taken by the Council. Kjjo, I hope, will see the world again at peace. With the return of normal times most of us will have restarted our aviaries, and, e\en if not as full as in years gone by, will, at least, have some a\ian friends therein. Foreign birds are now l)eing imported in goodly numbers, and in very good condition. ( )nly last month the finest collection of African birds I ever .■ecollect seeing brought over at any time, arrived at Messrs. (iamage's, of Holborn, and it was worth a long journey to see them. List of Plates. v. Now one wortl in conclusion, and 1 want every member to take tliis as a jiersonal request, endeavour during the coming year to introduee one )iezv ineniber; by doing" this you will be the means of increasing" the funds of the club and advancing" the interest taken in our hobby, and, at the same time, help towards making" the Forki(;n Bird Club, of which we are all proud to be members, the leading club of the empire. S. WILLIAMS. List of Plates. Facing- page Magpie 'J'anagtT I Mr. Urowning's Aviaries. U.S. A 6 \\'iiite-clK-eked Honey-sucker 12 (Iroup of (jrassfniclies 23 i-arge ;\viary at l''.\v!u;rst Park, The 45 Denizens of the Hush — T^aughing Kingfishers 65 Virginian Rail in Mr. WiUiamson's Aviary- — U.S. A bg Food-Tal)le in Mr. W'ilhamson's Aviary — U.S. A 71 Meahinie in CaHfornian Aviary 75 ReU-sided Tit 76 Luzon Ouail // Nests and Eggs of Ind'an Great Reed Warbler 97 Nests and Eggs of Pheasant-tailed Jacana 116 Black Seed-Finch on Nest 121 Nest and Eggs of Chukar Partridge 123 Great-billed Parrakeets 149 Swainson's Lorikeet 173 (Aug.) Dr. Lovell-Keays' First Aviary 179 (Aug ) Dr. Lovell-Keays' Cow-house Aviary 173 (Sept.)j 175 (Sept.) Baya Weaver and Nest 197 vii 1 1 lustrations in Text. Tlic .\\i;irifs 200 Nest and I'^g'gs of I'ckin Kohin 203 Nest and Eggs of Goldlincli x IJinialayan Si^Uiii 214 Nestling- Bearded Tit 221 Nest and Eggs — liearded Tit 221 Hen Californian Onail Inruliaiing 241 Jungle JJusli Ouail 242 Common Ouail 243 Plicated Hornliill 249 Red-billed Toucan 258 C-t-K Illustrations in the Text. PAGE. Mr. JJrovvning's Aviaries 4 Scaly-crowned Finch 58 Grasslinches 75 Bronze x Magpie Mannikin Hybrid 156 Diagram— Eaves 180 (Aug.) Diagram — Netting in Ground 181 (Aug.) Nest Boxes 195 (Sept.), 196 (Sept.) Diagram — Shelter and I'light 200 Diagram — Shelter Elevations 202 Weavers' Nests in Mr. Williams' Aviarv 209 Diagrams — Quail Shelter 239, 240 Index to Conlribuiors. vh. Index to Contributors. * Denotes Coiresf^oiideiiee. Ai.DKRSoN. Miss R. r.reccliiii;- tirecn Singing X rioldfincli Hybrids. 5c). Amslkk, Dr. M. * An Escaped Ring-ncckcd Parrakcet, 220. More Notes on Swainson's Lorikeets, 230. Baily, W. Shore 1918 In the Boycrs House Aviaries, ui. Indian Weaver-l'.ird and Sonic Others, The, 197. Breeding of Gokltinch x liini.alayan Siskin Hyl)rids, 21J.. IjKNTLKY, E. E. * Short Echpse Period of Jackson's Wydah, 245. Browning, W. H. Aviary Notes from the United States, 2. BuRGKSs, Mrs. M. * Budgerigai Ch.vtterton, Mrs. A. * Increase of Subscription, 117. Cr.xbb, Geo. Thrush-Blackbird Hybrids. 127. Croker. C. E. * The Season, 1919, 219. viii. hidcx to Contributors. Cuttings. Small l!ir(l>' .Slriii;i;k> 77/t" Tiiiics, 40. Too Many JJirds of I'rcv — Tin- Times. 40. Grey WarMfi- j. Driimmoiul, i'M..S.. 4_'. A r.ird Collcclor's \Vanclerint;s — G. \\. Matluvvs, (13. A Bird and Rat Fiyht— I'oWo.v. I'o.st. hj. A Country Garden — The .h/j/nz/t/.v/in;. 1 u. Tlie Richmond Herons — The Time.'i. 141. Scandinavian Game liirds — The Time.'!, 191 (Sept. J Small liirtls of Paradi-se — The 'Ti)iies, 2;^y. Decoux, a. * Aniala.qamation. 145. DuTTON, Miss Lucy Breeding the Golden-breasted Waxhill, 48. EoiTOIilAL. Prospect, The, 20. Errata, 96. Nesting Notes, 115, jq6 (Aug.). Increase of .Subscription, 116. Question of Amalgamation, 146, 172. Our Future, 130. Zoo Notes, 195 (Aug.). Important Consignment, An, 198 (.\ug.). * Short Eclipse Period of Jackson's Whydah, 24-^. Gerr.\rd, Miss M. * Increase of Subscription, 118. GossE, Dr. Birds and Peace, i"0. GOYTINO, J. F. Australian Finclies in California, 8. Partridges and Quails of N. America. 88. Index to Coiitribi(tors. ix. HopKiNSON, Dr. E., D.S.O., M.A., M.B., etc. Records of Birds wliich have Bred in Captivity, 17, 30, 60, "S, 107, ijo, 1J9, ititi. iSj (Aui;-.), iSo (Sept.), J05. 225, 254. Ir.i.ixowoRTii, Mis.s j. Tlioughts in September, 236. l...vKi.i.-Ki:.\vs. Dr. T... K..\.M.C.. F.Z.S. Reininisceiice.s, 152. 17S (.\u,l;. ). 17,^ (Sept.), 199, 221. 250. * Certain Weavers and riieir Xe>ts and I'iosclla Parrakeets, 247. T.rr\s, Dr. X. S. * I''arly .\]ipearance of (iardcn Warbler, 96. Mf.mrf.r. a L.\dy * Social Side of Aviculture, 96. MoNKY, Sir Leo. Swainson's Lorikeet, The Excellent, 173 (Aug.). Ne.st-Boxes for Bird Protection, 195 (Sept.). .An Interesting Shipment of S. African Birds, 248. Obitu.ary. Paterson, Rev. J. M., 43. Kenned}-, Capt. G., 44. Goodchild, Herbert, 219. P.^r.K, Wkslf.v T., F.Z.S. , M.B.O.U. Magpie Tanager, i. White-cheeked Honey-Sucker, 12. Reviews, 14, 92, 119, 171, 197. Grassfinches, 23. Endurance of Birds. 34, 36, T05, 134, 155, \~- (Sept.), 215. 239. Obituar}', 43, 219. Aviaries and Birds at Ewhurst Park, 45. Question of Amalgamation, 143, 146, 172, x. Index to Contributors. T.irds of a Surrey Small I loldinjL;-, ]()j (Aug.). Autumn in the .\\iar_v, 1S5 (S(.'])t.). l'iuina,i;i-' l''.])is(i(li' of thr Common I'licasaiit, 193 (Sept.). * C'eft.ain \\'ea\ers and tlieif Nests and Rcjsella Parrakeets, 247. The Plicated llornhill, -'49. The Ked-l)illed Toucan, 258. Pin LIP. Andrew Lavender Fiiicli. The, 55. PiTiiii:, Miss D Story of Joey — Our ]'lue-f routed Conure, ]S8. Raynor, Rev. G. IT., M.A. * Si)riny Mii^'rants in Essex, 116. Rkkvk, Capt. j. S., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. Birds and Peace, 190 (Aug.). RicNSHAW, Dr. G. * Amalgamation, 144. Rf.viewer. jungle Peace — C W . ileehe, T4. Pr.'ictical Handbook of British Birds — Wilherliy, 92, 119, \yi. 244. Journ.a! of li.S.A., 197 (Aug.). A Li^t of the Birds of the Gambia — lIoj)kinson, 244. Men.igerie Culb Year Book. 260. Spkoston, Airs. M. A. * 1919 Nesting Notes, 220. Sticwakt, B. Theo. Terror l)y Night, The, 82. SUGGITT. R. n.irk i'linn.iges of Zebra l-'inclies, . 133. Ouestion of Amalgam.ition, 144, 143, T'al's Aviaries. A, 189 (Sept.). I lid ex to Coiityibiifo is . xi ■ Tavistock, The .\Ia'"qiiis of Some Xolps nn Kecpin" I'arrakects, 2(^, 50. S5, q;. IJ3, i():), iSd (Aul; * Small Birds' Struggles, 68. * Too Many liircls of I'rey, 65. * Curious Attachment l^etween Cock Parrakeets, 1 18. Notes on the Great-billed Parrakeet, 149. * ()l)tainiiii:;- oiu" Supiilies of Foreign I'.irds h_\- liunianc Methods, 246. ToMI.INSON, M. R. * Piloodstained Fir.ch^ireeminch llxhrid, 22. \Vi;iK. J. * Spring Arri\als at N'ew Milford. 117. WiiiSTTKu, Hugh, LP., F.Z.S., etc. Wagtails at Roost, loi. Norfolk Plover 'n India, 164. Wii.i.iMvis, S., F.Z.S. My Weavers — Past and Present, 208. Wn i.iAMsoM, T. F. M. Californian Aviary and Its Inmates, .\, 69, 103. Workman, W. H., F.Z.S.. M.B.O.U. Ouestun of Amalgamatiori, 143. 144. w o Q (5 CO 0^ «o 'CiD ^ 6 All Rights Reserved. January, 1919. BIRD NOTES: THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. The Magpie Tanager. Cissopsis leveriana Bv Wf.sley T. Page. F.Z.S., etc. The following: rousii notes are penned to accompany Mrs. Cook's characteristic drawing, figuring a specimen sketched bv her in the Small Birds' House at the Zoo. Though quite a large bird, few species, even among the gorgeously clad Taiiagcridac, have greater beauty, either of form or plumage or deportment. With the plate before us. a description is unnecessary. — T will simply say that the bird's iridescent plumage is black and white ; the black areas showing purplish and steel reflections according to light refraction. In an outdoor aviary during the summer months I know of no finer spectacle than a pair of these birds disporting them- selves amid the greenery of a roomy garden aviary. Alas ! T have never possessed a true pair, but the charm even of odd birds amid a mixed series lingers still, and as 1 write I visualise them again as they winged to and fro, or otherwise disported themselves. The bold, fearless demeanour, wicked-looking. Hangnest- like eyes, cause them to be mistrusted, but the odd birds I have had on two or three occasions never did any harrying or bullying among the smaller fry housed with them. Had there been a pair, and breeding been attempted, probably there would have been trouble. At the London Zoo young were hatched out, and lived to leave the nest, but did not survive to fend for themselves. 2 Ai'iary Notes from flic United States. Once they were estal^lislied my birds were no trouble, and were ahvays in spick and span condition. They had access to milk-so|), ripe fruit, and insectile mixture, and took freely of all tlu-ee; while of mealworms and other insects they would simi)lv take as many as you cared to supply. I saw a specimen at Mr. ]\lillsum's some years ag"o. housed in a large cage with Blue, Superb, Black-cheeked, and other Tanagers, some six or more species, and all lived together in ])erfect harmony. 1 should add all these birds were males. It ranges over Ciuiana, Wnezuela, Colombia, Ecuador. Peru, and Bolivia. Aviary Notes from the United States. By W. H. Browning. The mating results in my aviary last summer were quite meagre, and I presume it is rather late to send them in now. We raised two Red Rosellas from one pair in a Berlepsch 'log nest, all they apparently hatched. Another pair laid tive eggs in a wooden box, but on inspection later we found one dead bird and an egg in each corner. There appears to be no use placing sawdust or decayed wood in a box that is flat on the bottom, as the parrot family scratch the sawdust in the corner^ and lay their eggs on the bare wood, with the result that they roll from under the bird and are not hatched. A pair of Australian Crested Doves raised four young in two broods. The cocks killed one of them recently, preparatory to nesting again. It is the nature of these birds to scatter their young by persecution, and tliey should have 1)een removed. A drey and a White Java Sparrow raised an assorted family of tive. Zebra fmches were as usual fairly prolific, but whether 1 raise all males or the females die, I seem to come our at the end of the season with the male sex largely in the majority. Ai'iary Notes from the United States. 3 T raised a male hybrid between a cock Green Cardinal and a Red-crested. It is not a particularly attractive bird, but perfectly healthy. It is brownish white on the breast, olive- £^"reen on the back, and the crest and throat that are red in the hen are dark brown with an olive tinge. A pair of Cockateels raised three young". They would probably have done better, but a Brahminy Mynah was removing" the eggs as fast as they laid them at the start. I had two pairs of T.eadbeater Cockatoos that had lived in harmony for some years, but last spring one cock killed the other, or at least bit off his bill at the base so that he died in a few days. The hen apparently attempted to make a nest in a log. scorning other conveniences jirovided, but she chose a very hard piece of wood, and grew discouraged before it was finished. Anyway the drainage facilities were bad, as it partially filled with water when it rained. In the same compartment with the Leadbeaters there was a male Pennant's and green hen Alexandrine parrot. I'hey apparently mated, and the hen laid three eggs, which she sat on assiduously, but they never hatched. I used to raise quantities of Shell Parrakeets. What the trouble is now T do not know. I have a fancy that the aviary where they are has become infected, as in a new lot I obtained direct from Australia the females almost all died and the breeding results were nil. Two pairs of Bauer's Parrakeets, or rather I think there is one hen and three cocks, showed no inclination to nest. These birds are great bathers. They simply love to splash in the water. They have the same habit as the Pennant of running back and forth on their perches. I do not think tropical birds breed quite so easily in our climate, as it is near New York, as they do in England. Our winters are so cold that they must have heat in the aviary, though I try to keep mine close to 50 degrees Fahrenheit, but they are inclined to grow too fat in the winter, and though apparently all right to look at, they seem to tire and pant with 4 .47'/(7rv Xotcs from Ihc United Slates. very little exertion after being' shut in. Possibly we will do better when we know more aboiit it, d > ^ o in > 1 tried feedini;- Swainson's Lorikeets on sii,Q"ar. Mellin's I'ood and Afarmite diet. I had eight. I now have none, but I think the trouble was not altog-ether with the food, but due to Aviary A'otcs from the United States. 5 the fact that we t^ave them too much of it. They love it and are greedy birds and eat themselves into some sort of li\-er complaint that shows itself first by the birds growing' \ery fat and then wasting" away to a nervous wreck and dying in a fit. I had a remarkably tame I'urple-capped Lory for about a year that died the same way. Me was so tame that he was allowed his liberty. He had remarkably (luick jerky movements and loved to have his head scratched. His plumage was perfect but his voice was so shrill and disagreeable that I finally put him in the aviary, and he died in a fit. I hope someone some day will discover the proper food for lories, but I imagine, as I said before, it may be quantity and not quality, as no dog' would live in health with a full pan of food always at his disposal, and it is possible these birds are the same way. I have one true pair of fiping Crows, and an odd cock. I like their call, though it would be impossible to describe it to one who had not heard it. They are great fellows for nipping' off the tail feathers of the larger parrots, and the hen had her leg" almost bit in two by one of the Leadbeaters, but it is almost as well as ever now. The cock got out and was gone for two or three weeks, but we finally caught him in a bush about a mile from home. He could fly all right, but allowed us to come too close before he took wing. He could easily master the ordinary black American crow while at liberty, I was told. The sunuuer before last 1 let out two Shell Parrakeets and a pair of Cockateels. The Cockateels I never saw agaiii but the vShell Parrakeets first came back every night. After. a while they came back only occasionally. Later I found one and then the other dead inside the aviary. They had apparentlv eaten something that poisoned them, as they were in perfect condition. T,ater the other two came back, and I shut theni in. so I imagine these birds could be gixen their liberty after they ^\ ere accustomed to being fed in a certain place, for a few months in the spring. They are cHfficult to see in the trees and flv almost like swallows. 6 Aviary Notes from iJic United States. Last summer I purchased half a dozen httle finches that the dealer called Chinese tumblers. They resemble Parns luinur of Gould though they seem to be a little more chestmu coloured on the back than the plate shows them. They have a habit of sitting on a perch and continually flying off and niakin,!^- a complete circle downward and then back. What can 1)e the oljject of such a performance? Otherwise they are similar in their habits to our common Chickadee. There is a little black finch from South America in the aviary that will sit on a perch by the hour and start up in the air a couple of feet with a squeaking whistle and back again. He seems to require the exercise to make him sing. Our bird market, like yours, has been quite limited during the war, and prices have risen considerably, though not to the extent yours have. We had a good many varieties of Cassiques last winter that were entirely new to the market, but I do not think they sold well outside of the few that buy rare birds simply because they are rare. The one I had, Cassidix icteronotus of Swainson, had a song like an ungreased wheelbarrow. Another bird that was quite common was the Blue and Black Yucatan Jay. They were expensive when they first arrived, but the price finally got down very low, and I sold the pair I had for $6. as they were making life miserable to the other inhabitants. I purchased a Guatemalian Jay about the same time. It was a beautiful bird, but died a short time ago, while apparently in good health. A bird that used to be common in our markets, but now is apparently not imported, is the Greater Hill Minah. I fancy they came too fast for the dealers to make a reasonable profit and owing to the poor returns gradually got back to India. I wish they would start bringing them again, as I would like to get some. However, I am beginning to feel that there is more satisfaction in raising a few birds than in trying to have a large variety, and am inclined to reduce my stock to those kinds that there is a reasonable expectation of raising and keeping in health. I know it is hard to resist the temptations to purchase 53 O A^'iary A^oics from the United States. 7 if one happens to discover some new species, and the inclination to visit tlie l)ird stores in the hope that they may have something' new is one of the principal incenti\es to keeping' birds. T imagine in our Zoological Park here we have one of the best collections in the world, though they lose a great many, as I he b'Liilding" is designed solely to afford the pul)lic a good view of the birds and with little regard for their health. They feed theni careftdly enough, but they lack fresh air and the change o; scene that they have in an aviary that allows them to fly outside and in for at least seven months of the year. If I was building it. I would build for the birds and not for the jniblic. Mine are still flying outdoors if they wish to, though the most of them come in at night. T ha\e yet to find that the cold ever killed one of the parrot family, though I have lost a number of South American Tanagers and such birds as the Long-tailed Indian Drongo in the fall during the moult. These latter certainly need heat and one ought to have a separate aviary for them. Can birds read your minds ? I have a Grey Parrot that we have had for twenty-five years. If you put a piece of cake or something he likes in your pocket and come into the room, he seems to know it, though he cannot possibly see or smell it. He has an odd little cluck that he gives on these occasions. The coincidence has occurred often enough to make one believe he has some way of sensing it- He scarcely ever utters a disagree- able sound, while another one that lived two or three years in the aviary has become so proficient in unearthly noises that I fear my better half will send him back to the aviary soon. It is odd the old bird never copies him. He is contented to say shut up," " stop your noise," and if he happens to fly on to|) of his cage will endeavour to nip his toes, and at the same time say " don't you bite, don't you bite." The door of his cage is always open, but he rarely comes out. and then only to go to the top to test his wings by a vigorous flapping", not letting go of the wires. howe\'er. He will not fly off it unless frightened. How totally different is the life of this bird from that of h'- ancestors, and how unhappy he would be to be restored to his native stirroundings. The companionship of human beings is 8 Australian Finches in Calif uiiiia. more to him than any of his own kind. It one would take the trouble to mate such a bird to one of his own kind, and I imagine it would be possible, if not with that particular bird, with others like him, after a few generations what an almost uncanny monstrosity in the way of a talking- parrot he would obtain, for surely the same law that shows itself in the breeding" of canary birds and pigeons, and in fact anything, would hold true and the adaptability for cage life and the imitation of the human voice would be greatly increased. I am afraid I am rambling on too long, so I am going to stop with the request that you cut out all or any part of this paper that you see fit. -<>>-f<>- Aiistralian Finches in California. By J. F. GoYTiNo. It is not very probable that the readers of Bird Notes are acquainted with the avicultural conditions existing just now. after the war, in the United States of America. Soon after our entrance in the great European conflict the birds were placed in the non-essential class by our Federal War Trade Commission and the importation of exotic birds stopped ipso facto. Stimu- lated instead of being discouraged by the embargo our American aviculturists made bon civur coiifrc inaiiz'aisc fortune, and, abandoning — I hope for ever — their old easy ways of having their aviaries exclusively attended by their servants, mostly Japanese, started in earnest to add to their avicultural population by encouraging and watching the breeding of their birds, the Australian Finches being the most numerous amongst them. The Gouldians (Pocf^hila gouldicc) had already many autc-hcllum admirers; it was difficult to find a first class aviary. especially in California, without two or three pairs of Black- headed (P. gouldicc) or Ked-headed (P. niirahilis). — The Yellow-headed (P. armitiana) is a rara avis indeed, as I have never seen one yet. These exotic beauties get acclimatized Australian Finches in California. 9 very easily here, and L;enerally start to breed the year of their arrival. I have just now (December 8th, 1918) several pairs acquired last May from an Australian importation, all breedin.t, and raising;" young" ones. Our seasonal fall seems to be their time of predilection for breeding purposes, probably because it corresi)onds to the Australian Spring. After building a quite bulky nest with coarse grass, carefully lined with Pampas plumes (Gyneriuin argcntum), four or five eggs — very seldom six — are deposited on the downy bed and left entirely in charge of the male, who seems glad to incubate them without any interference from the female. The eclosion takes place after fifteen or sixteen days of steady sitting, and the youngsters leave the nest three weeks to a day after their birth. In their nestling plumage they are all dull green, with two little pearly excrescences at the base of both mandibles, which give them a peculiar look, but which disappear soon after their leaving the nest. It takes them six or seven months to acquire the gaudy plumage of the adult, and from then on are very sturdy and long-lived birds; that is one of the reasons why they are so highly thought of by our aviarists all over California. Second in popularity to the Gouldians are the Long-tailed Grassfinches (PucpJiila acuticauda) known here under the name of Shaft-tailed Finches. They are exceedingly hardy birds, and most prolific breeders. I have in my possession one pair that has laid twenty-eight eggs since May 20th, 1918, and are, even now, attending to a brood of seven yotmg ones. The moulting season — in July — they laid six eggs, which were all infertile, as would be expected. Their young don't show the same precocity as the Gouldians. as they are at least six weeks old before they leave their nest. But, as breeders, the Long- tailed Grassfinch certainly deserves the " Blue Ribbon." Masked Grassfinches (I'oephila pcrsoiiata) are also quite common in our aviaries, but don't show the same propensity for breeding" as the Long-tailed. They are very healthy birds get established easily, but somehow are too dull for some amateurs. They are far from being as popular as Gouldian and Long-tailed Grassfinches, ro Australian Finches in California. Zebra Finch (I'acniopxgia casta notis). This is one of the most nunierons of AustraHan Finches in Californian aviaries. The bird you first meet in every aviary or house-cage is the httle cocky, um^uly Zebra Finch. Jrlundreds are bred every year in Southern California. In one of my aviaries T have just now (December 8th) at least twenty pairs sitting' or raising" young ones. They don't seem to stop breeding" even in the moulting" season, and they are so numerous that they are on the point of becon"iing" a pest, so that they always act as if they didn't care a bit about the Malthusian theories of our suffra- gettes about " birth control." Wonderful as is the prolificacy of those lilliputian birds it is nothing compared to their precocity. Two female Zebras, born in one of my cages April 15th, 1917, begin to lay, one on the 4th of July, 1917, and the other on July 14th, 1917, that is to say 80 and 90 days respectively after they were hatched. And, more than that, their eggs were all fertile and produced verv healthy and strong young ones. For the benefit of doubting Thomases. I may say that the precocity of the Zebras was inWy admitted as early as 1883, as I read in a French book, published by E. Leroy, a distinguished aviculturist, the following sentence: " Lcs jeuncs siijets dc la premiere portee sont aptes a rcproduirc la mhnc aniicc a raitfoninic." As Mr. Leroy used to mate his Zebras about the 15th of April his statement means that birds hatched about the middle of May were apt to breed in September. However, that surprising propensity for early breeding is not the exclusive peculiarity of the Zebras. Many times I have had young Shell Parrakeets (Melopsittaciis itndulatus) start to lay three months after leaving" their nest, and I am almost sure that most of the breeders of Budgerigars have had the same experience, and can corroborate my statement. The Parson Finch (PocphUa cincta) , called here the Black-throated Finch, is seldom seen now, but was very conimon in Californian aviaries about twenty years ag"o. Their disappearance from the market can be attributed to the fact that most of the " Parsons " reach our shores in a very sickly condition, and consequently they either died in transit or soon after arrival. Otherwise they are good, steady breeders. Australian Finches in California. ii though a httle domineering- amongst the smaller birds. The Diamond Finch (Stcganuplcura guttata) is also very well known here, and has not that tyrannical reputation that he is enjoying in Europe. It breeds easily, and most of the aviaries have a few pairs of them. We have also, from time to time, liberal supplies of Cherry-headed Finches ( Aidcmosync modcsta) called here Plum-headed Finches; of Chestnut-breasted Finches (Munia castancithorax) ; of Pectoral Finches (M. pectoraVis), and occasionally a few Crimson Finches (Ncochmia phaeton), called here Blood Finches. Last May I succeeded in acquiring seven pairs of Crimsons; several of them have been laying already. We get also, but very rarely now, some Rufous-tailed lynches (Bathilda rnficauda) called here by our dealers " Star Finches." But none of my friends have been able yet to acquire a Painted Finch (Emblcma picta) , or a Fire-tailed Finch (Zonoegiiithus hclhis). They must be very scarce, even in Australia, when we don't see them in our bird markets. I was on the point of forgetting to mention one of my favotuntes, the sprightly little Bicheno's Finch (Stictoptern bichcnoz'i), called here the Owl Finch. We have the two kinds — the Bicheno's and the Double-barred, so alike but for the markings on the rump. They are very sturdy birds, very active — in fact the most active birds known to me, and the hardest to catch in an aviary. But they are very good breeders. The Sidney Waxbills (Aegintha tonporalis) are not as common in our aviaries now as they used to be a few years ago. However, a few fortunate aviarists possess some good breeders in their collection. Now that the embargo on foreign Ijirds is raised we mav expect to see again many Australian Finches imported bv our wealthy aviarists, and my fondest hope is to see the time when aviculture will be as popular in the United States as it is on the European Continent. We are yet young here, but we are progressing- fast on that line as well as on all other lines, and the future will bring many surprises for the fancy. May our hopes be realised soon ! 12 The iVliitc-chcekcd Honcysuchcr. The White-Cheehed Honey Sucher. Meliornis sericea. Bv Wesley T. Pace, IvZ.S., etc. Not many of the M cl'if'liagidac \va\q been known to ]iri\ate avicuUure in this country, tliou.^ii a g'ood few species have been exhibited at the London Zoo at various periods, and where the subject of our plate may still be seen in the Small Birds' House. In last volume in an article on " The Birds of Tasmania some glimpses were s.;iven us of this beautiful and interesting family in their native wilds Mr. Le Souef, in his book " The Birds of Australia," writes thus of the Honey-eaters : " The Ilonc'^-caters are among the most characteristic birds of our bush, and are to Ije met with in aU parts of the Continent. Their shapely rather slender bodies are well adapted to the restless life which they lead amongst the branches of the shrubs and trees. In the search for the most attractive howcr clusters, the flight is often broken into little zig-zag's and many a curve, and on alighting they creep and twine amongst the branches, and adopt the quaintest and most ungraceful modes of suspen- sion in order to enable them to probe the tubular or cup-shaped blossoms. The protractile and brush-like tongue enables them to extract the honey from the many Eucalypts, Tea-trees, Bottle-brushes, Banksias and Heaths, and the poise of the birds during the operation is graceful and easy. With the honey they take the pollen and sometimes the buds of the flowers. A large j^roportion of the food of nearly all the species con- sists of insects, which they pick out of ihe flowers, or off the twigs, more rarely on the wing. ITence, though a few are fruit lovers, and in con- sequence may be orchartl robbers, on the whole the family is of considerable service to the agriculturists. The notes of most of flu- Honey-eaters are pleasing .... The nests are ojien and cup sha|ietl. variously composed of grasses, bark, old spitlers' webs, lined with liner grasses, thin strips of bark, hair, and wool, and are placed at various heights in forked branches of the trees and .saplings, sometimes .suspended b\- the rim. while a few \nv\<\ in bushes. The eggs are two or ihrev in numl)er and have a strong family likeness, with a uniform ground coloiu' white, or more often llesh-coloured, creamy, or buff, ornamented with sjiots and dots of chestnut-red, and purplish-grey. They vary in length from a little over half an inch in the smaller birds to an inch and a quarter in the largest." o N >■ The Uliitc-cJicekcd Houcysuckcr. 13 Scricca ranges over A'ictoria, New South Wales and Queensland. It is a beautiful and striking- species, of fine graceful form, with a clear double whistling- note. The i)rincii)al colouration is dark blackish-brown, strikingly pied with white; wing's and tail variegated with yellow; forhead whiic; " the development of the feathers of the cheek forms a broad fan-like sliield on eacli side of tiie throat " Le Souef. The colour pattern is clearly indicated in the drawing. ( )f tlic Mflil'liag'uiac 1 have only kept two of the larg'er species, viz: Sihery-crowned iM'iar Birds, and Sombre Miner. The other species I have observed at the Zoo. including the snl)iect of this paper, and also in the aviary of our meml)er Capt. \V. A. Bainbridge. who personally imported several species just piior to the World-War. Their deportment in the aviary is delightful, a treat to watch, very similar to the graphic descrip- tion of them in their native wilds by Mr. Le Souef. ([noted earlier in this paper. They must 1)e brouglit indoors for the winter luonths. or kcpl in an a\'iary w liere they can be shut into a snug inner house during winter's nights or severe periods. '^llieir diet should be insectile mixture, ripe fruit, milk-so]). and live insects — they are also very fond of the syrup-sop given to Sunbirds. as are all this family. Before closing- these roug"h notes I may add that all tlie Mclipliagidac. including- the Friar Birds (as large as a Stock Dove, but more slender) catch mealworms, when these are thrown in the air. on the wing as gracefullv as swallows. -♦^-f<>- 14 Book Notices ayid Reviews. Booh Notices and Reviews. JUNGLE I'EACE, By C. W. Beebe. 300 p.p. and 16 photo reproduction illustrations New York, Henry Holt and Co. Mr. Beebe's books need no commendation to our readers, but in this, his latest book, he has surpassed himself in i^raphic description — the reader visualises the scenes he describes. The book is not confined to birds, but deals with the whole fauna met with in the Bartica District, British Guiana, and Para at the mouth of the Amazon. But we will quote extracts from Chapter vi., " Hoatzins at Home," and leave the book to speak for itself: " Hoatzins at Home. The flight of the hor.tzin resembles that of " an overfed hen. The hoatzin's voice is no more melodious than the cry " of a peacock and less sonorous than an alligator's roar. The bird's " grace is batrachian rather than avian, while the odoin- of its bodv " resembles that of no l)ird untouched by dissolution. Still, zoologically " considered, the hoatzin is probably the most remarkable and interesting " bird living on the earth to-day. " It has successfully defied time and space. For it, the dial of the " ages has moved more slowly than for the rest of organic life, and though " living and breathing witli us tf)-day, yet its world is an affair of two " dimensions — a line of thorny sai)lings threaded along the banks of a few " tropical waters. " A bird in a cage cannot escape, and may be found month after month wherever the cage is ])laced. A stuffed ))ird in a case may resist disintegration for a century. But when we go to look for the bluebirds in the orchard, they may have flown a Iwlf-mile away in their search for food. The jilover which scurries before us to-da_\' on the beacli m.'iy to-night lie far away an Englishman said to me ' Go to the Berbice River, and at the north end of the town of New Amsterdam, in front of Mr. I'.eckett's hous(.-, \(iu will find hoatzins.' Six months later I drove along a tropical river road and saw three hoatzins perched on a low thorn 1)ush at the i-iver's edge in front of ;i house. And the river was th» Berb'ce. and the house that of Mr. l'.eckitt's. " Thus are the hoatzins inde])en(lent of space, as all other birds know it, and in their classic reptili.m alilnities — voice, action, arms, fingers, Book Noilccs and Reviews. 15 liabits — thev l)rin5:: close tlie dim epochs of past time, and renew for an inspection the youth of l)ird-life on the eartli .... We took a boat opposite Mr. Beckitt's 1 ouse, and paddled slowly with the nearly-f^ood tide up the Berbice River .... For three miles we drifted past the chosen haunts of the hoatzins. All were perched in the shade, quiet in the intense heat, squatting prostrate or sleepily preening their plumage. Now and then we saw a bird on her nest, always over the water. If she was sitting on eggs she sat close. If young birds were in the nest she half crouched, or perched on the rim. so that her body cast a shadow over the voung ^s I have mentioned the nest of the hoatzin is invariablv Iniilt over the water, and we shall later discover the reason for this. The nests were sometimes only four feet above high water, or eciually rarely, at a height of forty to fifty feet. From six to fifteen feet included the zone of four-fifths of the nests of these birds. They varied much in solidity, some being frail and loosely put together, the dry, dead sticks which composed them dropping apart almost at a touch. Usuallv thev were as well knitted as a heron's and in about half the cases consisted of a recent nest built upon the foundations of an old one. There was hardly any cavity at the top, and the coarse network of sticks looked like a most precarious resting place for eggs, and an exceedingly uncomfortable one for young birds .... But the heart of our interest in hoatzins centred in the nestlings. . . . The nestlings, in seven occupied nests, observed as we drifted along shore, or landed and climbed among the thorns, were in an almost identical stage of develop- ment .... But one little hoatzin, if he had any thoughts such as these, failed to count on the invariable exceptions to every rule, for this day the totally unexpeclcd haj)pened. Fate, in the shape of enthusiastic SL-icntists. descended upon him. Fie was not for a second nonplussed . And we found him no mean antagonist, and far from rep- tilian in his ability to meet new and unforeseen conditions. " His mother, who a moment before had been packing his capacious litlle croj) with jM-edigested pimpler leaves, had now flown off to an .icljacent grou]) of mangroves Hardly had his mother left when his comical head, with thick, blunt beak and large intelligent eyes, appeared over the edge of the nest. His alert expression was increased by the suspicion of a crest on his crown where the down was slightly larger. Higher and higher rose his head, supported by a neck of extraordinary length and thinness. . . . Sam, my black tree-climber, kicked off his shoes and began creeping along the horizontal limbs of the pimplers. . . . . At last his hand touched the branch and it shook slightly. The young bird stretched his nn'ttened hands high above his head and waved them a moment. . . . One or two uncertain steiis forward brought the bird to the edge of the nest at the base of a small branch. There he stood, and raising one wing leaned heavily against the stem, bracing himself. My man climbed higher, and the nest swayed violently. i6 Book Noiices and Reviews. " Now the biTive little hoatzin reached up to some tiny side twigs, and aided l)v the projecting ends of dead sticks from the nest, he climl)ed with facility, his thumbs and forefingers apparently being of more aid than his feet. It was fascinating to see him ascend, stopping now and then to crane his head and neck far ~- 193.— SPANISH BLUE MAGPIE. C. tooki. Zoo. 4 bred in 1890. 194.— OCCIPITAL BLUE PIE. Urocissa occipitalis. 1st Lilford. 1914. See A.M. 1916, 70. Also bred by .Xmsler in 1915, whose success was recorded as the first (B.N. 1915, 294, 316, and A.M. 1915, 367), till the Lilford record was brought to light. i8 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 195. — JAY. Canulus rufitergum. late glandarius. W.T.P. ALTERNATIVE ENGLISH NAMES. CORl'IDAi:. ■J94._0CCIPITAL BLUE PIE. Rrd-hillcd J'.luc Mag-pie. ^> PTILONORHYNCHIDAE. 196. — REGENT BIRD. Sericidus chrysocephalus. W.T.P. 1st, Phillipps, 1905. A.M. n.s. iv. 51. et seq. _ ^ The SATIN BOWER-BIRD, (Ptilonorhynchus violaceus) nested with Mrs. Johnstone, see A.M. (2), i. 63. fA.G.B. ii. 54. The SPOTTED BOWER-BIRD (Chlamydodera maculata) has a'so nested in England : Zoo, 1882. fA.G.B. ii. 54. GREATER BIRD OF PARRADISE (Paradisea apoda). Sir William Ingram turned out a number on Little Tobago Island in the West Indies. The whatcher reports that they are breeding there, July, 1912. See A.M. (3). V. 40. The GREY STRUTHIDEA (S. cinerea) '• according to Russ . . . laid eggs and brooded young, but unhappily without rearing them." A.G.B. ii. 51. ♦ ALAUDIDAE. 197. — BLACK LARK. Mehnocorypha ycltoniensis. W.T.P. 1st, Phillipps, 1898. A.S. Medal, 1899. See A.M. v. 169. <> 198.— SKYLARK. Alaiida ar7'cusis. W.T.P. Newton, in his edition (the 4th, 1874) of Yarrell's British Birds, says that many instances of Skylarks breeding in captivity are recorded. He names one successful breeder, Mr. Foster, of Hackney. (Vol. i. p. 615). In F.W. 1896 there is a record of young, but they only lived five days. (E.H.). Records of Birds ivhich have bred in Captivity. 19 199. — CRESTED LARK. Galcrida cristata. W.T.P. 1st, Teschemaker, 1912. A.S. Medal. See A.M. (3), iii. 273. ♦ MOTACILLIDAE. 200.— PIED WAGTAIL. MotacUla lugubris. W.T.P. Hybrids. " In the Fish House of the Zooligical Society a pair .... bred and reared their young in captivity." (Newton in Yarrell's British Birds, 4th edition, vol. i. p. 543. X Pied Wagtail (Grey Wagtail). ^ ^01.~WHITE WAGTAIL M. alba. W.T.P. <> 202.— GREY WAGTAIL. M. boarula. W.T.P. Hybrids. GREY WAGTAIL x YELLOW WAGTAIL. W.T.P. GREY WAGTAIL x PIED WAGTAIL. " said to produce fertile offspring." Vale. ♦ 203.— YELLOW WAGTAIL. M. flava. W.T.P. Hybrids. X Yellow Wagtail (Grey W.) -C^ ANTHIDAE. 204.— TREE-PIPIT. Anthus trivialis. W.T.P. 20 Editorial. 205.— ROCK PIPIT. A. obscurus. W.T.P. 1st, Teschemaker, 1912. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N., 1912, 335. A PARIUAE. 206. — GREAT TIT. Panis major. W.T.P. And see A.M. 1913, 240. <> 207. — PLESKE'S TIT. Cyanistes pleskei. Hybrids. PLESKE'S TIT x AZURE TIT. Abroad. W.T.P. C. ^ 208.— AZURE TIT. C. astir eus. See the preceding. To be continued. O-*"*-^ Editorial, THE PROSPECT: The outlook is decidedly good; at the same time the future is not without difficulty for the following reasons: The high cost of paper, printing, etc., is not likely to be much easier during the present year, and while these costs continue, the amount of the annual suljscription does not cover the cost of Bird Notes, even in its reduced bulk. The deficit is not fully wiped out; but if those who have not yet contributed to this end, will each send such a donation as they can afford, such would suffice to clear off this liability. These are the only two disquieting features, and these can be easily surmounted without hardship, if each individual member will only do his or her part. As regards our Journal, the one thing lacking is the slackness of a portion of the members, who need to be impor- tuned to record the episodes and breeding successes that occur in their aviaries. This not onlv adds to the Hon. Editor's Editorial. 21 labours, but the published records of aviculture are not so complete as they should or might be; also the contents of the Club Journal are not so varied as they might be. We press these points upon members. There is a repeated request for lists of mixed collections, together with the size and descri])tion of the aviary they are kept in. and details as to the deportment of the birds under the condilions existing. There are quite a numlier of members who could contribute such information; such would not merely supply a known need, but greatly increase the interest and practical utility of our Journal. True. Bird Xo'iks has not retrograded, and recent volumes, though issued in difficult times, compare favourably v.ith former ones, but " B.X." would be z-asilv increased in interest and utility if the number of our contributors were (loubled or trebled. That it is not so is merely the result of a though':!ess slackness on the part of a portion of our membe'"- s!np. that is content so long as a good Journal is maintained. We trust members will carefully consider these facts. We ought to go farther than merely to please and interest otu"selves ; we ought to stand for progressive aviculture, and this can only be as all contribute their quota of experience, data, etc. Again we press these points upon the careful considera- tion of all our members. We hope the Club Breeders' Scheme will make much progress during the present year. A catalogue is in course of preparation, and will appear at an early date. Only a little more sustained interest on the part of all — especially on the part of those who. hitherto, have been content to receive and read their magazine with interest month by month, without doing anything to extend its power ana usefulness or maintain its standard of merit — is necessary to ensure a virile club contributing annually to the store of avicul- tural lore. Members are requested to carefully read the Notices to Club Members in the pink inset month by month. Those in the present issue are specially important. 22 Correspondence. Correspondence. BLOODSTAINED FINCH— GREENFINCH HYl'.RID. Sir, — It niav be interesting^ to record the lireediny in my aviary this season of a hyl)rid between a Mexican Roscfuich or lUood-stained Finch (CarpodacHs mexicanus) and a Greenfinch hen. It may be within your recollection that this cross was obtained by one of our members a few years ago. In that case the sexes of the parents were reversed. I have not heard of any other instance. The nest was placed in a Hartz travelling-cage, and only one cf:!;g was hatched out of three laid. Abundance of chickweed was given, and I do not think much, if any, of the soft food offered was taken. The young bird — evidentlv a cock — is a fine, healthy specimen. It is of the same slender " Yorkshire " type as the male parent, and has the same jerkv. nervy, demeanour. The general colour-tone is that of the greenfinch, with the heavy streaking of the rosefinch's breast (though less distinct than the Darenl's). The brow, and streak over the eye, which are crimson in the rosefinch, are dull green, and the same remark ajiijlies to the deeo bib and rumn. The pattern of the back of the young bird resembles that of the father, though the colour is rather a brown than the dull purple tinge of the rosefinch. Sad to relate, I found a second clutch of five fertile eggs smashed or pierced in the nest by some unknown culprit, when almost due to hatch. This is one of the annoying experiences which most aviarists have exi)erienced. The Blood-stained Finch is an old favourite of mine. In igi^ he was the father of a canary hybrid, which was exhibited at the L.C.B.A. show of that year. He is still full of life and energy, and his display in the breeding season is very entertaining. At that period he sings incessantly to his mate, indeed to any lady who takes his fancy ! The song is loud and oierc'ng. commencing with an excited rapid outpouring of a single note — someth'ng like a chaffinch's, but about three times as long and with a different ending. Hybrid Dovks : — A pair of hybrids between the Turtle Dove iTnrtur turtiir) and the Barbary Dove (T. risorius) were bred here last ye-ir. These were put in a small enclosure and have had six pairs of eggs this summer. All were clear, however. I believe the eggs of such hybrids have been fertile at times. Perhaps the close relationship of the pair referred to was against success. My object in referrng to them is to mention their curious shift, in the absence of proper nesting materials. A shallow box was fitted up for them, and filled with hay. The box was suitable to their requirements, but not the contents, for, when I examined the first clutch, I found the eggs imbedded in cinders, three or four handfuls of which the birds had carried up from the floor! A bunch of sticks was quickly suijplied, and the subse- quent clutches were laid in a more orthodox nest. Inveresk, December, 7th, 1918. M. R. TOMLINSON. Bird Notes. Photo T. E. dc (J. (Juiiicey. Group of Grassfinches. All Rights Reserved. February, 1919. BIRD NOTES: THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Grassfinches. By Wesley T. Page. F.Z.S., etc. This is a purely avicultnral .e^roiiping'. but a very useful one. and comprises species which are general favourites, and usually find a place in most mixed series. They are mostly of either brilliant or very pretty plumage. The species to be dealt with in this paper are as follows : * Parrot Finch (Erythriira psittacea). Pin-tailed (Nonpareil) Parrot Finch (E. prasina). Tri-colour Parrot Finch (E. trichroa). * Gouldian Finch (Poephila goiildiae). * Parson Finch (P. cincta) •f Long-tailed Grassfinch (P. aciiticauda). Masked Grassfinch (P. pcrsonata). White-eared Grassfinch (P. leticotis). * Rufous-tailed Grassfinch ( BatbUda nificaiida). * Painted Finch (Emblema picta). * Diamond Finch (Stcganoplcitra guttata). t Ribbon Finch (Amadiua fasciata). t Red-headed Finch (A. crythrocepliala). t Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia castanotis). * Bicheno's Finch (Stictoptera bichenovi). * Black-rumped Bicheno's Finch (S. ammlosa). * Cherry Finch (Aidemosync modesta). * African Silverbill (.A. cantans). * Indian Silverbill (A. tnalaharica). * Chestnut-breasted Finch (Munia castaneithorax). Pectoral Finch (M. pectoralis). Yellow-rumped Finch (M. -flaviprymna). ■j" Free Breeders in Captivity. * Reasonably free, but erratic in some aviaries ; however, once a " breeding pair " is secured are often prolific. Our frontispiece is from a photo by the late T. E. de Q. Ouincey. and represents a scene in one of Mr. R. S. de Q. Ouincey's aviaries. The birds figured are mostly Gouldian, 24 Grassfi}icJics. Parson and LonL^'-tailed (Irassfinclies, and liybrids (fertile) between the two latter species, wliich were ratlier freely bred in these aviaries. I do not propose to deal with the above s])ecies se])arately. as many have been recently noted in Rnditraticc of Birds, and have often been written abont in onr pages. Their pliimag"es are well known, so descriptions will not be g■i^•en. I purpose merely making' a few general remarks on the group, and to give a few individual notes where called for. (irasstinches are deservedly favourites with aviculturists; their beautiful plumage, quaint deportment, and general readi- ness to go to nest, if not always successfully, are sufficient recommendation. ^Moreover, they are conspicuous birds, and the positions they choose on bushes when alighting, leave them nearly always " in the picture." This group has many things in common, being very similar in deportment, general characteristics, food requirements and lo\'e-making. The display of the males is very similar in all the species though some attitudes are more exaggerated with some species than others. The display consists of stretching" the neck to the utmost extent and turning the head to one side (with several of the species a straw is held in the beak while this performance is going on) and uttering their love song fervently : the feathers both of the head, neck, and underparts are puffed out, the body is twisted from side to side and bobbed up and down. It is not a foot dance, as the feet are not moved from the twig, even when they move to and fro the claws are merely relaxed to allow of this, but the feet are not taken from the perch — it is an amusing and grotesque i)erformance to us humans, l)ut quite a serious .matter to the birds. If amusing and grotesque to us, it is very interesting and entertaining too. The song of Grassfinches is very similar in all the species, with one or two exceptions it is a weak sibilant warbling, but with one or two species there is strength of voice, and in theso cases usually not very musical — e.g. the ridiculous toy trumpet voice of the Zebra F-^inch. The Parson, Diamond, and Pong- tailed species have clear plaintive notes, which though soft are Grassfnches. 25 very clear and audible at some distance from the aviary. I have said their plumage is brilliant or pretty, but beauty is after all a matter of taste, and perhaps I had better sort them out a little to define my statement. Brilliant. Parrot Finch, clad in rich g'rass-g'reen and -.-.carlet; Gouldian Finch, painted in nearly all the colours of the rainbow: Pin-tail Parrot-Finch, clad in rich green, scarlet, blue, and yellow, very beautifully harmonised: Painted Finch, with its contrasty garment of brown, black, scarlet and white; Diamond Finch, brown black, carmine — scarlet and white, a beautiful arrangement. Beautifltl and Prettv. T have used the word pretty, but it is a misnomer applied to the beautiful soft harmony of most of the following: Parson. Long-tailed, Rufous-tailed, Bicheno's. Chestnut-breasted, and Pectoral Finches. Pretty applies more to such birds as the Zebra. Ribbon, Red-headed, and Cherrv Finch: the Masked and White-eared Grassfinches; and the Silverbills. They all construct spherical nests, with a hole at the front, all of which have a family likeness, though varying a little in size and neatness of finish. However, as regards Grassfinches' nests, finish is a matter of degree, for when one comes to examine what appears like a loose ball of rubbish the art and skill of the little builder is at once apparent, and one iudges that much of the looseness and rubishy appearance of some of their nests is often merely a device for protecture purposes. Their eggs too are similar, white or creamy-white in colour, and unmarked varying only in size. The bulk of the species are natives of various parts of Australia or adjacent islands, and bear comparison well with the beautiful Parrots, Pories, and other Orders common to that region. Food. This too, is similar — canary, white, and Indian millet ,and millet in the ear, with greenfood will form the staple diet of the whole group. A little paddy rice should be offered, and one or tw^o of the species take a few oats too. Soaked 26 So})ic A'otcs on Keeping Parrakects. paddv rice is greatly appreciated by the beautiful Pin-tailed I'arrot-l-'inch (Nonpareil). When feeding young- they should have access to insectile mixture, and also be supplied with some live insects or their lar^ae; e.g. live ants' " eggs," etc. I need not pause here to speak of their powers of endur- ance, as that is being dealt with in another article. To be conihuied. <^^<. Some Notes on Keeping Parraheets. Platycerci atul B((rn((rdii. By The Marquis of Tavistock. Birds of this family are entirely unsuited to close confinement, and, to keep them permanently immured in a parrot cage is an act of cruelty, which cannot be too strongly condemned. As pets, the hens are sometimes satisfactory, but the cocks are almost always aggressive and spiteful. In their vocal performances they compare favourably with other parrots, none actually screech except under the influence of pain or extreme fear, and many of their calls are pretty and melodious. They are satisfactory aviary birds, and, when properly acclim- atized, can be wintered out of doors if their enclosure has -. sunny aspect and a good shelter to roost in. When newly imported, like most tropical and semi-tropical birds, they need warmth and careful protection from draughts ; in case of an illness, the result of chill, a temperature of from 80-85 degrees will generally effect a cure. For breeding, an aviary of not less than 18 feet x 8 feet x 8 feet, inclusive of a shelter 6 feet x 8 feet X 8 feet, is desirable. Success may be attained in a much smaller place, but it is somewhat doubtful if the eggs prove fertile and the embryos vigorous. The best form of shelter for any Parra- keet aviary is an ordinary shed with one half of the front boarded up from top to bottom. If necessary, a door can be put on the other half with a glass window in it. jirotected l-)y wire netting This makes it possible for the birds to be shut in during bad wenther and at night. A heated shelter with an outdoor flight attached is not desirable for Parrakeets. and is productive of many fatal chills. Birds needing warmth are best kept Some Notes on Keeping Parrakecfs. 27 indoors, altoj^ether, in a room with an even temperature. Moulting" birds, especially late moulting' ones, require watching ; even if they have passed a previous winter out of doors, they may take cold while casting their feathers, and need a period of warmth and nursing. Acclimatized birds in perfect feather, can, however, be hardened off and turned out of doors in winte" without much risk, even though they have been living for some weeks in a warm room. It is best to wait until a mild south-westerly wind first succeeds a period of severe weather. Nest boxes, or logs should have a concave bottom and .. small entrance hole, and should allow the hen and her brood ample room. If the box is too small the young may be accidentally crushed by their parents when half-grown, or the latter, after investigation of their cramped quarters, may give up all idea of breeding in disgust. April 15th is quite soon enough to put up the nests; if the birds lay earlier in the year there is great risk of egg-binding". This malady is usually due to cold, but the chances of it are increased by the hen having been kept short of exercise, or being for any other reason a little out of condition. A cure can always be affected by keeping the patient at a temperature of from 80-85 degrees. The symptoms are puffiness, drooping of the wings, and burying of the head in the feathers of the back; great prostration very soon sets in. A hen which gets egg-bound in warm weather is best got rid of. as she will always be useless for breeding. Male birds which have been caged during the winter are no good for breeding the following spring, no matter how vigorous and eager to mate they may appear. Exercise is absolutely necessary to ensure fertility in male Broadtails. A cock Broadtail can sometimes be got to pair with two hens, but the genus is by nature strictly monogamous. The cock does not incubate, but feeds his sitting mate and takes almost entire charge of the young in the later stages. The latter are best separated from their parents as soon as thev can feed themselves. Broadtail Parrakeets are fond of bathing, and should be 28 Some Notes on Kecpiii^i^ Parrakeets. provided with a lari^e shallow pan for this i)urpose. They should also be supplied with grit and with branches of non-poisonous deciduous trees, these beinj^' renewed when the buds and bark have been eaten. The floor both of the shelter and the flight should now and then be watered with water in which salt has been dissolved, as this serves as an excellent disinfectant; a solution which is not quite strong enough to kill grass will not harm birds. When the grass in the flight becomes very coarse and tussocky it should be grubbed up and re-sown. Oats sown among the grass at different times of year provide a much appreciated form of green food. All paint and varnish must be taboo in Parrakeet aviaries, as the birds nibble the wood and are quickly poisoned. Broadtail Parrakeets should be fed on the following seed mixture : — Two parts canary, one part hemp or sunflower, and one part oats. Fruit and green food are very necessary — apples, pears, cherries, gooseberries, haws; also lettuce, daisy plants, plantain, groundsel and chickweed. Peanuts are appreciated, and a taste for mealworms is sometimes acquired but the latter are not necessary. Adult pairs of Broadtails in good condition are best kept by themselves, as they are very spiteful with other Parrakeets especially with their own and nearly allied species. With birds of other orders — particularly small finches — they are less aggressive, though they require careful watching, especially when they have no Parrakeet neighbours in an adjoining aviary to distract their attention, and provide an outlet for the instinct to hate something so painfully strong in nature as w^ell as in man ! Odd cocks can be kept together, and so can odd hens, unpaired birds of both sexes being far more peaceable than paired ones. Birds not in breeding condition, either from youth or rough treatment and neglect, also agree well enougli until the pairing instinct is aroused by increasing age or better health. All species of Platycerci interbreed freely, and the hybrids are fertile. Sovic Notes on Keeping Parrakeets. 29 Broadtails at liberty are a charming" addition to the bird life of an Eng-lish garden, their graceful flight, lovely plumage and interesting" habits making' them a continual joy to their owner. They are less likely to get shot than many other Parrots as they do not betray their presence by loud cries, nor do they fly far from their home. Pairs which have nested in an aviary will, if there is suitable cover for both summer and winter, stay proxided food is always supplied to them. A few nest-boxes fixed under the eaves of the house, and in the trees are useful to attract them and prevent them from going" down chimneys when prospecting" for nesting" sites, as they are otlier- wise inclined to do. Young" birds, bred at liberty, are best caught up for a time as soon as they are no longer fed by their parents. If left to their own devices they become very indepndent, straying" to considerable distances and supporting" themselves on natural food and the produce of neighbouring' orchards — a proceeding' not always viewed with favour by the owners of the fruit. The damage done in one's own garden by a few pairs is, however, very slight indeed. The parrakeets' feeding tray, upon which a supply of seed must always be kept, is best constructed so that it can be converted into a trap for catching up sick birds, etc., and out, and run up an exhorbitant seed bill. Parrakeets smaller than a Rosella should be caught up in autumn, or they are almost certain to be destroyed by owls during the winter months If owls have been allowed to acquire a taste for Parrakeets, through Budgerigars and other small species being unwisely left out late in the year, even Rosellas are not safe, but birds the size of a Pennant are never taken. If a bird at liberty loses its mate it will always stray after a few weeks or months in search of a fresh one and be lost. Consequently the widower or widow must be caught up or provided with a fresh partner. As a rule, the new bird will sta.' with the other, and it is very unusual for it to induce it to leave. When a pair of birds are to be let out for the first time, choose a fine calm evening, and release the cock just as it is getting dusk. 30 Records of Birds zvliich have bred in Captivity. His mate must be in full view at the time, and he must be able to see and hear her first thing- the next morning". Some food should be placed close by in a conspicuous position. After the cock has grown accustomed to his surroundings the hen ma\^ be allowed to join him at any time of day, but the greatest care must be taken that she does not miss him when she first goes out, or the experiment may end in disaster. Platyccrci can be kept with cut wings in an unclimbable grass enclosure, and although they do not show to great advantage under such conditions they are both healthy and happy and quite ready to breed. They need, of course, a good shelter and plenty of branches to climb about on, care being- taken that these are so arranged that the birds cannot injure themselves by dashing against the ground in a sudden attempt to fly from a high perch. The same precautions must be taken against quarrelling as when birds are kept in aviaries. To be continued. -^»^*^ Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. By E. Hopkinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. For meaning of abbreviations vide pages 58-59 (last vol.). (Continued from page 20.) ZOSTEROPIDAE. 209.— INDIAN WHITE-EYE. Zostcrops palpebrosa. W.T.P. 1st, Page. A.S. Medal. See A.M. (3), iii. 14. Another success, Bainbridge, 1915. See B.N. 1915, 260. Abroad. 1st, Oesterlin fRuss; but this was inconipletat jA.G.B. 210.— NATAL WHITE-EYE. Z. virens. 1st, Lovell Keays, 1915. See B.N. 1915, 197, and A.M. 1915, 272. (" viridis " in error in the text. E.H.). 0 LANIIDAE. 211.— RED-BACKED SHRIKE Enneoctonus collurio. W.T.P. ist, Gunther, 1904. A,S. Medal, A.M. n.s. ii. 339. Records of Birds which have bred in Captk'itv. 31 ART AMID AE. 212.— WHITE-EYEBROWED WOOD-SWALLOW Artcimus super ciliaris W.T.P. 1st, Brook, 1908. See B.N. 1908, 183. C^ A MP ELI DAE. [213.— WAXWING. AiufcUs garnilus. " youny hatched twice in 1903," St. Ouiiitiii, A.M. N.S. vii. 115. J 0 SYLVIIDAE. 214.— TAILOR-BIRD. Sutoria sutoria. Abroad. Perreau in India. See B.N. 1916, 265. 0 215.— GARDEN WARBLER. Sylvia hortensis. W.T.P. <> 216.— BLACKCAP. 6^. atricapilla. W.T.P. Teschemaker, 1909. See B.N. 1909, 228. In the A.M. (3) i. 88. Tesche- maker notes that no one seemed to know whether the Blackcap had been bred before or not. -<- 217.— AUSTRALIAN BLUE WREN Malurus superbus. W.T.P. ist, Phillipps, 1902. A.S. Medal. See A.M. viii. 246, and ix. 15. ^^ MI MI DAE. 218 — MOCKINGBIRD. Mimits polyglotus. W.T.P. ist Farrar, 1901. fA.G.B. i. 26. 219. — CAT-BIRD. Galeoscoptes carolinensis. W.T.P. ist, Farrar, 1902. A.S. MePdal. See A.M. viii. 285. -^ TURDIDAE. 220.— BLACKBIRD. Merula merula. W.T.P. Hybrids. BLACKBIRD x GREY-WINGED OUZEL. Abroad. W.P.T. C. X Blackbird (Grey-winged Ouzel), X Blackbird (Song-Thrush). 32 Records of Birds zvhich have bred in Captivity. 221.— GREY-WINGED OUZEL. M. buulboul. W.T.P. ist, Page, 1909. A.S. Medal. See A.M. (2) vii. 334. Zoo, 1909, 1912. Hybrids. GREY-WINGED OUZEL x BLACKBIRD. W.T.P. Butler in 1905 and 1906 (A.G.B. i. 14 1. GREY-WINGED OUZEL x ARGENTINE BROWN OUZEL. W.T.P. Suggitt, 1912. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N. 1912, 338 and 1913, 49 X Grey-winged Ouzel (Blackbird). 222.— WHITE-BELLIED OUZEL . M. albivcntris. Hybrids. X White-bellied Thrush (American Robin). ^ 223.— TICK ELL'S OUZEL. M. unicolor. Zoo, 1904-05-06. 0 224.— ARGENTINE BROWN OUZEL. Semimerula fuscatra. W.T.P. Thorniley, 1910. A.S. Medal. A.M. (3) i. 267. Hybrids. X Argentine Brown Ouzel (Grey-winged Ouzel). 225.— WHITE THROATED GROUND.TH RUSH. Gcocichla cyanonota. W.T.P. 1st, Zoo, 1912. 0 226.— ORANGE HEADED GROUN D.TH RUSH. CJ. citrina. W.T.P. ist, Astley. A.S. Medal, 1911. See A.M. (3) ii. 365. ^ 227.— MISSEL THRUSH. Turdus viscivorus. W.T.P. <> 228.— RING-OUZEL T. torquatus. W.T.P. But " doubtful if fully reared " fPage. <> 229.— AMERICAN ROBIN T. nugratorius. W.T.P. Zoo, 1908. Abroad. Doubtful who was the first. fRuss. Hybrids. AMERICAN ROBIN x WHITE-BELLIED OUZEL. W.T.P. Zoo, 1911. Records of Birds zvhicli have bred In Captii'ify. 33 230 SONG-THRUSH Hylocichla musica. W.T.P. Hybrids. SONG-THRUSH x llLACKBIRD. Anderson, 1915 and 1916. Cage Birds, lo.iii. 1917. For the full record, see Fulljames, R.N. 1917, p. 198. One of these hybrids is now (September, 191 7) in the Zoo. X Song-Thrush (Blackbird). ♦ 231.— ROCK-THRUSH. Monticola saxatilis. W.T.P. According- to Russ, not difficult to breed to the second generation. (A.G.B. i. 19). O 232.— HEDGE-SPARROW. Tharrhaleus niodiilaris. W.T.P. 1st, Teschemaker, 1907. A.S. Medal. See A.M. n.s. vi. 92. <^ 233.— JERDON'S ACCENTOR T. jerdoni. W.T.P. 1st, Teschemaker, 1909. See B.N. 1909, 225. <^ 234.— BLACK REDSTART. Phoenicurus titys. W.T.P. 1st, Teschemaker, 1912. A.S. Medal. See A.M. (3) iii. 293, 330. --0 235.— NIGHTINGALE. Aedon megarhynchus. W.T.P. . <^ 236.— SPROSSER. A. luscinia. W.T.P. 1st, Teschemaker. A.S. Medal. A.M. (3) ii. 317. ♦ 237.— DAYAL-BIRD. Copsychus saularis. W.T.P. Zoo, 1873. fA.G.B. i. 23. Farrar, A.M. (i) v. 146. fA.G.B. ^> 238. — SHAMA. Citticincla macrura. W.T.P. 1st, Phillipps, 1893. See A.M. iv. 138. ^ 239.— STONECHAT. Pratincola rubicola. W.T.P. 1st, Teschemaker, 1910. F.B.C. Medal. See B.N., 1910, 363. ♦ 240 PIED BUSH-CHAT. P. caprata. Abroad. Perreau in India, 1915. See B.N. 1915, 280. 34 The Endurance of Birds. 241. — BLUE ROBIN. Sialia sialis. W.T.P. Farrar, see A.M. ii. 157. Butler, 1890. fA.G.B. i. 24. <> TIMELIIPAE. 242.— BLACK-GORGETTED LAUGH ING TH RUSH. Garriilax pectoralis Lovfll Kcays, 1914. One young bird livctl 14 days, see B.N. 1915, 142. <^ 243.— PE KIN ROBIN. L'wthrix luteiis. W.T.P. Keulemans the first jA.G.B. i. 30. An account of a more recent success (Page), see B.N. 1915, 269. Abroad, ist Russ f Russ. " easily bred " f Russ. 0 244.— SILVER-EARED MESIA. Mcsia urgcutauris. Zoo, 1906. With Phillipps (1903) a pair nested five times, but never quite reared their young, though at least one left the nest. fA.G.B. i. 31. -^ 245. — BEARDED TIT. Panurus biarmicus. 1st Carr, Tring, 1913 or 1914. See B.N. 1915, 344, and the November inset. Lovell Keays, 1915. B.N. 1915, 206, 344. Considered at the time the first success, but later the previous record (Carr) was established. To be continued. '>^-¥id? last voh. pages 185-6, and 245-7) I omitted to inchide the followinsj two species. Pakv.v Fi.vch (S pernio phila parz'a). By the kindness of our members ^Messrs. Sug".uitt and Sutcliffe, I have had quite The Endurance of Birds. 35 a few of this species. Imt found them rather short-hved; at the same time I slionld not class them as dehcate. Apparently this species only reaches the full mature plumag-e by several stag-es and some of my specimens were lost while passini,^ through one or other of them. When my acquisitions arrived it almost appeared as if they consisted of three or four species, as they represented, all. or several, of the aforementioned changes ( )f those that survived over a year and reached adult-plumage, three at least were very dissimilar in plumage when they reached me, and instead of pairs as I had hoped, all proved to be males. Securing two hens later, from the same source, I had hopes of an unusual breeding success, but it was not to be for they made no attempt to nest. In late Autumn I took one pair into the birdroom and left the others out of doors, but unfortunately the whole of them died during the winter, and so ended my experience with this species. So far as I remember, neither Mr. Suggett nor Mr. Sutcliffe had any better luck than myself, though they had quite a number of them. Incidentally. I think that the above instance was .S". parva's first introduction to English aviculture As the species has not yet been bred in captivity in this country I cannot state whether free breeders or not. Appar- ently they are not free freeders, or among those in our three aviaries (I think a few pairs also w'ent to other aviculturists) there should have proved to be at least one breeding pair. Right or wrongly, I do not consider this species should be left out of doors during" the wnnter. not, at any rate, in a district where soil or atmosphere is humid. This w^ee Grosbeak is a pretty liftle chap when adult, a colour arrangement of glossy black, w^arm brow^n, and white. The female is clad in olive-brown, lighter on the under parts Both sexes have the white speculum on their wings. It is a striking bird in the aviary, and is soon seen owing to its contrasty plumage. It vivacious and alert. The male has a sweet little song. Habitat. Texas to Mexico. 36 The Endurance of Birds. Plumrkoits F'inch (S. pJitmhca). This plainly clad Grosbeak was at one period not uncommon on the bird-market but thous^'h it had been on the market for many years. I do not know of any record of it l^eing' successfully bred. In 1912 a pair came into my possession: these success fully passed the winter out of doors. The following spring- they made an unsuccessful attempt to reproduce their kind. In the early summer a second and more successful attempt was made, but though the young lived for some time after their exit from the nest, they disappeared during the autumn, and I did not claim the record. Quite a bulky nest was constructed, cup-shaped, with quite a deep cup. It was a very tidy, substantial and shapely structure, the materials used in its construction being grass and bents, lined with tine grass and 'i few feathers. Four eggs were laid and three young birds were hatched out. two of which lived to leave the nest and to disport themselves in the aviary for about two months. They showe>.' no signs of illness, but were apparently strong and vigorous. I missed them before the cold weather came. In the spring clean I found several skeletons (picked up from the ground) which by their stout bills were undoubtedly Spcrmophilae, two of the largest of which I assumed to be the remains of the tw'o young Plumbeous Finches The Plumbeous Finch cannot be called an attractive bird. It is of heavy and clumsy form, dull, sombre plumage, without any pleasing variegation, and possesses but little song; in fact may be termed the unnmsical member of a family of talented musicians. Its principal interest lies in the fact that it is an unbred species, i.e. young have never been bred, so far as I know, to reach mature plumage. It is one of the hardiest members of the SpcrmophUa family, and can be successfully wintered out of doors. Habitat. Brazil, extending into Bolivia. Bar-rreasted FiRKFTNCH ( Lo (^ouosticto rufopicta) : Dr E. Hopkinson ])resented me with a male and two females, from a consignment which he brought over when coming home on leave, in 1912 I think. They were in faultless condition and did The Endurance of Birds. 37 well all through the summer, but the autumn proved cold and very wet, and 1 missed them in September; a search amid the herbage brought to light their bodies partly decomposed. In all respects, as to hardness and endurance, they are on a par with the Common Firefinch, of which details have already been given and need not be repeated here. 1 have no note of this species having been successfullv l^red in this country. Cherry Finch ( Aidcmosync jiwdesta). As I have already written an article on this species fairly recently, but little space need be occupied with it here. It is quite ready to go to nest and lay clutches of eg'gs, but it is not a prolific breeder: few young are hatched out, and less still fully reared. The nest is a fairly bulky sphere, with an entrance hole at the front. It is a more compactly and neatly built structure than the exterior leads one to suppose, as the ends of the grasses and bents, of which it is composed, are allowed to l^roject, imparting a ragged and untidy appearance externally to what is really a neat and well constructed nest. The eggs are white, and the average incubation period is thirteen days. My last specimens, two pairs, were received in 1916 (a gift from our member Mr. Arnold, who privately imported a limited number of them ) ; one cock died a few weeks after arrival, and an incursion of rats robbed me of the others, but not before several nests had been Inn'lt and young hatched out, but not reared. One of these nests was kindly drawn by Mrs. A. M Cook {vide Vol. viii., X.S., p. 266). They are hardy, and can be successfully wintered out of doors. They are very pretty, modest little birds, having similar habits and characteristics to the well known Silverbill. Though somewhat plainly clad, their prettily contrasted plumage makes them quite conspicuous objects in the aviary, and they are mostly " in the picture," 38 The Endurance of Birds. They are natixes of Australia. Chkstxlti-iirkasikd P'ixcii (Mnuia castonciihorax). A very handsome Austrahan Mannikin. which has not been freely bred in English aviaries, though several aviculturists have had young fully reared in their aviaries; but only on one occasion has this been my hap])y experience. They are fairly active in a roomy aviary and make a very pleasing addition to a mixed series. I have kept a fair number of them at different times and always found them quite inoffen- sive, yet well able to look after themseh es. It is a liardy species and can be successfully wintered out of doors. Dufresne's Finch ( Lagonosilcta dufresni). An exquisite little finch, the harmony and blending of its beautiful plumage being perfect — a perfect picture ! It has not. I think, been bred in English aviaries, if it has I have failed to note the record. Its general treatment, habits and characteristics are those of the Common Eirefinch. and space need not be occupied with recapitulation. Its powers of endurance are about on a par with those of L. minima. It should be brought indoors for the w'inter months, though in a sheltered aviary, where the subsoil is sand or gravel, it has. and can be. successfully wintered out of doors Gold-fronted Finch (Mctaf'oma pusilla). This is a very pretty species, and may well be described as a glorified Lesser Redpoll, which bird it resembles in contour, size and general characteristics. 1 received, in 1914. a consignment ex Mr. Appleby, but I was not at all successful in keeping this species. All were in good plumage on arrival, and though the bulk of them lived for several months, then they began to drop off one or two at a time, and all had succumbed before the autumn passed. A pair, which I put in the aviary in May. appeared to settle down at once, a nest was built high up in a tall privet, but The Endurance of Birds. 39 no eggs were deposited therein. A second nest was started, and I found the hen dead beneath it, and found the cock similarly about a week later. It was a hot summer, and the cause of death (several bodies were examined) with most of them was cerebral hemorrhage. I hope, now peace is practically attained, to obtain more of this pretty species and expect better luck. Melba Finch (Pytelia uielha). A beautiful and well known African tinch. but which has only once been bred in captivity, Mr. H. Willford being the successful aviculturist. It has fair powers of endurance, but should be wintered indoors ; it has been successfully wintered out of doors, but it is apt to feel sudden weather changes even in summer — an unexpected severe frost and bitter night after a very hot day killed a pair in my aviary in June 1917^ — and any abnormally severe weather coming suddenly would probably be fatal to them. If any attempt be made to winter them out of doors, it would be a wise precaution to shut them up in the shelter each night between October ist and May ist inclusive. Parrot Finch (Erythrura psittacca). A beautiful finch, resplendently clad in rich grass-green and red. It has never been common on the English market, though quite a few have come to hand at varying periods. It has always commanded a high price. While one hesitates to call this a free breeder, yet one or two fortunate aviculturists, who have secured " breeding pairs," have bred them in fair numbers. It is not a long-lived species, though there are notabl? exceptions to this rule, and though not delicate, they " shuffle off " when apparently tit and in perfect plumage. One difficulty in the way of freely breeding the species is the similarity of the sexes, consequently the difficulty of securing true pairs. Only the wealthy can buy a quantity of these beautiful and costly birds in the hope of true ])airs being among them. 40 S)ual! Birds' Struggles. Small Birds' Struggles. TOO MANY BIRDS OF PREY. Reprinted from THIi TIMES. Jan. -'3rd, willi tliaiiks and apologies to the Editor and Proprietor. Cutting per Rev. G. H. Raynor, M.A. — Ed. " B.N." " Bird life is still struggling to recover from the calamity of the " great frost two years ago. Most species suffered much more than "decimation in that bitter winter, followed by a wintry spring; of our " resident species probably more than half perished, while the proportion " was still higher among many of the more delicate kinds. It will take 20 " or 30 mild seasons before England regains its modest handful of Dartford " warblers — a .species which does not migrate, like most of its kin, but " lurks throughout the year in the southern heaths and furze-brakes. The '' still frailer goldcrest had become familiar of recent years in most " plantations of garden firs ; and in winter great numbers flocked to " England from Scandinavia. At least four-fifths of all these goldcrests " were destroyed; but now again, when the winter sun strikes warm on " some spruce or Austrian pine, we see an occasional pair of them flashing " their bright crowns among the pine tassels, and hear their slender cry. ■" Lapwings now beat about the country in fair-sized flocks; song-thrushes, " which frost always hits so much harder than blackbirds, are heard in half " or two-thirds of their old numbers on mild days. Bullfinches, which " became nearly as rare as goldcrests, are again seen slipping now and then " among the rose-hips in briary lanes. Even the robins and hege-sparrows " are only slowly regaining their old numbers ; there will be many a prim- ■" rose bank, again this spring, without its familiar robin's nest. " The great decrease of most garden and woodland birds is partly " masked by the increase of a few conspicuous species. The fir plantations " which used to be filled with the delicate rivulets of the goldcrests' songs " now echo to the screech of jays. Jays are beautiful and cunning birds; " they build a fascinating nest — not even the bullfinch can smooth fine roots " into so sleek a cup ; and formerly, in the days of excessive game- ^' preserving, we saw too little of them. The jay is not rare now ; he " abounds. His varied diet and fondness for sheltered woodlands helped " him through the great frost ; his mate lays the goodly number of six " eggs, when May brings kindly weather ! and for several springs she has " been free from her one great enemy, the game-keeper. Many country- " dwellers have learnt outstanding facts about the jay — such as its greed " for peas, the harshness of its voice, unequalled among British birds, and " its bloodthirsty ingenuity in birds'-nesting. We have now too many " jays: and the same is true of carrion crows and of magpies. Both are ■" very interesting birds, which formerly were almost banished from many " districts ; but Nature left to herself has overdone them. It is not good " to take from us so many of our sweetest singers and best gardening- ^' allies, and to foster these predatory species, which systematically perse- " cute the small birds which still remain. Small Birds' Struggles. 41 " Frost and the absence of gamekeepers have played havoc with the balance of English bird life. In very many English districts we have now that scarcity of small birds which is characteristic of the woods and fields of France, and the comparative abundance of large birds which is closely bound up with it. Magpies, carrion crows, jays, and sparrow- hawks all feed on small birds, their eggs, or their young ; and as these birds of prey increase, song-birds and the insect-eaters, so welcome in gardens, inevitably diminish. Even the kestrel-hawk, which has also verj' much increased, is an enemy to small-bird life, for though kestrels seldom touch small birds of any kind, the small birds' puny wits do not distinguish between kestrels and more dangerous hawks, and fly from them. The mousing windhover is so fascinating as well as beneficial a bird that his involuntary bird-scaring should not l)e pressed against him. It is pleasant to see him hovering motionless, or circling, with his fine falcon's outlines, on almost every country walk in these days. Sparrow- hawks are hardly yet abundant enough in most districts to be a serious check on the recovery of small birds. But it is high time to wage w'ar once more on magpies, carrion crows, and jays, which are largely birds of prey by habit, although they are all crows by race, and not of the hawk or eagle tribe. Another bird of prey which modern science has pushed far away from the " raptores " is the little owl. This is not a native British species, but has now spread over more than half England as the result of some doubtfully judicious, but extremely successful, experiments in acclimatization. It preys occasionally, and as it were for a pretext of virtue, on a few rats and mice; but it has a far keener appetite for small birds. Its cat-like screams at dusk are as untuneful as the hoot of the brown owl is pleasing, and instead of calling, like the brown owl, in the solitude of distant woods, it delights to shout " Boo " or " Yow " at one's very elbow. This original, but on the whole objectionable, bird has thriven mightily during the suspension of game- preserving, and is becoming a widespread bane. " The frosts of 1917 mainly affected our resident birds, such as thrushes, finches, and robins, although the return of bitter weather in April killed some of the summer birds of passage, and interfered with the nesting of others. But the excess of birds of prey bears tyrannously on most small birds alike. The future of game-preserving in this country is uncertain ; it is unlikely ever to be as widespread and Draconian as it was some years before the war. From the bird-lover's point of view, this is not so satisfactory as it might seem. Gamekeepers and their masters were very hard on the birds of prey ; but a strictly preserved pheasant cover was a wonderful paradise of nightingales, and of all such birds as the most ignorant and prejudiced keeper did not accuse of interfering with his pheasants. Crows are as well hated by farmers and shepherds as by gamekeepers, and when jays once attack a garden no pest is worse. As country life settles down into its new routine there will be a widespread determination again to reduce the numbers of these 42 llic Grey Warbler. birds of prey. The wise hird-!f)ver will not regret a considerable "diminution of tliem ; for their inherent enmity to the smaller kinds of birds is particularly mischievous when the climate has lately dealt them " such ri deadly stroke." ^-M^> The Grey Warbler. Bv J. DiiUMMOND, F.L.S., F.Z.S. Reprinted from The A'c7v Zealand Herald (date of issue lost) with our best thanks to Author and Editor — cutting- per Mr. F. Howe. — Ed. " B.N." The little Grey Warbler's nest is more strongly constructed, more ing-enious, more highly finished, and more artistic than the nest of any other native small Ijird with the excei)tion, perhaps, of the Fantail. The Grey War1)ler is one of the clc\erest bird architects in these parts. It has two distinct types of nests. In Itoth t\pes the nests are susnended from branches, but one t\pe of nest is shaped like a soda-water bottle, and the other like a pear. The former is about 6in. long, and usually is distinguished by a porch, placed deftly over the hole that gives entry to the cosy interior. One of these nests was found at Hororata a short time ago by boys at the school, and w-as taken to Mr. G. Ouartermain, the master. The care with which the little birds set about the building of these nests is demonstrated by the fact that one is seldom found without having, amongst the materials of which it is cf)nslructed, the dull green cocoons of the meadow sjjider. The web of these cocoons is strong and adhesive, and is used for binding together leaves and other materials for suspending the nest to the supjjorting branch, and also, sometimes, for making a comfortable lining to the walls of the interior. To human eyes almost the same result could be obtained by the use of cocoons or webs Ijelonging to any other spider, or by the use even of some other material, but the birds prefer the cocoons of these particular siiiders, and will have nothing else. To satisfy their taste in this respect they must spend nnicli time searching for the material, as meadow spiders are not as plentiful as they might be. Another spider, closely related to the species that receives the Grey Warbler's attention, makes yellowish cocoons, but although probablv, the only difiference is in colour, these are never used. The dull green cocoons harmoni.se with the other materials of which the nests are made, and perhaps are some aid in concealment. Unless th-'s fact weighs in the Grey Warbler's mind it is difficult to guess why the iireference should be given to green instead of to white, yellow or black. The porch is made very ingeniously. The entrance hole is about an inch wide ,-in.C. and its Journal, and will be much nn'ssed. A personal friend of the writer's, and another, among many, whose vo'ce and pen the war has silenced for ever. To his mother, wife, and family we tender our sincere sympathy in their great sorrow. W.T.P. X w < nnlini^s ( Cyanosf^ica cyaiica). Bulltinclies (iokltinclies. ( ireent'inclies and Canaries. I was \'ery i)leased to see in this aviary an adult pair of Indigo l''inclies and their vouu.l;'. tlie male parent and liis youn,^' son were Ixjth showing;' j)atehes of the azure nui)tial jiluniai^e. 'Idiis species is not freely bred in iui^iish a\iaries. the instances of sticcessftd rearin,!^' of younj^" beini^" quite isolated. This pair of birds nested thrice dm'inj^' the season, and six youui;' ones were fully reared, but three of them were killed by the canaries in an adjoinint;' aviary, to which the yount;", when able to fend for themselves, were removed on the advice of some visitins.^" aviculturist. I'robably they were moved too youni^", as thev should have been able to hold their own with canaries, there were canaries also in the aviary in which they reared. When the mishap was discovered the remaining three were caug'ht u^ and returned to their parents and did well. They have been left out of doors all the winter, and a letter, received only a few days ago, informs me that they are still otit and doing well. I am not greatly interested in Canaries and 1 did not note these nnich, but they were fine birds, in the pink of condition, and certainly made a beautiful picttire amid their wild surroundings, 'i'hev live out of doors all the year round and a good many young are reared in the course of the year. The next and last aviary we visited was rather a huge affair (ride frontispiece), and appealed to me most of all. It would look lo\ely when in spring or summer dress, though, to my mind, it lacked win.ter cover, owing to most of the trees and bushes being deciduous; this defect is in the course of being remedied. A huge bay tree was evidently a])preciated by the l)irds and I noticed traces of the i)ast season's nesting oi'jerations therein. This aviary is. 1 should say. at least 100' long, by about 40' to f,o' wide. It is merely an enclosed sj'jace. and s])an- roofed. central i)ortion t^at. The wire netting being stretched on wood framing, it varies from !o' to 20' high. The shelters (two are placed inside and are open fronted, the cover bein.u supplied by dense masses of twiggy branches and bushwood, The Aviaries a)id Birds at EzvJiurst Park. 47 The time of my visit was mid-January, and. though the aviary is a somewhat exposed one, I must say all the birds looked in the pink of condition, and not ai all distressed by the bitterly cold, and exceedingly wet weather prevailing. In fact I could nut have viewed the aviaries under more adverse condition.s. In this aviary I noted the following birds (not a complete list, 1 think): — I pair Senega! Doves (Tiirtur senegalensis) I ,. Zebra Finches (Tacniopygia castonotis). I .. Siskins (Chiysomitris spinus). I ,, Ciiant Whydahs (Choera procne). ] ,. C'alifornian Quail ' Excalfactoria californica). I .. drecn Singingfmclies (Serinus icterica), and three young. I ,. Mandarin Ducks (Aex galcriculata). 1 ., Carolina Ducks (A ex sponsa). 1 ,, Japanese Teal (Nettium jormosnm). 2 ,, Bullfinches (Pyrrliula enropaea). 7 ,, Goldfinches (Carduclis elcgans). 3 Pope Cardinals ( Paroaria larvata). The most notable event in this aviary was the nesting ot Giant Whydahs. two young being hatched out, these lived to make their exit from the nest and for some time afterwards l)ut died before the autumn. The Duchess of Wellington is a new adherent to aviculture, and tliinks she probably lost them owing to a lack of live insect food. She informed me that the parent l)irds fed the young with caterpillars from a gooseberry l)ns]i, whicli was growing near the busli wliich contain the nest, and. wlien these were exhausted and the young foraging for themselves, she concluded that they failed to find sufficient animal food to sustain themselves; she states that they appeared to be very fine and strong young birds, and were very active and strong on the wing. It is ratlier an interesting point Choera procne rearing its young on caterpillars from a gooseberry bush, as presumably tliese were the larvae of the Magpie Moth (Abraxas grossu- lariata ),^- which are nauseus to most species of l)irds, and pro-, tected l)y their striking colouration. I have had Chaffinches eat them in my aviary, but only when no other animal food was available, and there are few species of English birds whicli * More probably G. SavvHy larvae (Nematis ribis). G. TT. R. * These T found ecjually distasteful to the birds under >iinilar conditions. W.T.P. 48 Brccdi)ig the Goldcn-hrcastcd ]VaxbUl. will toiicli them, thoui^h the Ctickoo will take them freely. 1 think myself, that had there l)een a moderate supply c^ mealworms, wasps' i^rnhs. live ants' cocoons, etc.. the yotmi; whvdahs wonld have survived, hasin;^- this opinion, of course, upon the limited data s^iven me. 1 find I have said nothin,^- as to the metliod of the g'round arraui^ement in this aviar)'. In the centre is a pool some 25 feet loni^" by 5 or 6 feet wide, upon which the Ducks disport themselves, with iris and other aquatic plants round the margin. There are several beds containins^' \arious rock and other plants with stone-paved and gravel paths around same and also round the pond, enabling one to move about the aviary freely withoiu tramj^ling on the grass and herbage. Most of the trees are cordon and bush fruit trees (apple, pear, etc. ), which would look charming in the s])ring, but do not supply sufficient cover for the bird. 1 fowever. this defect will not exist in the coming season, as a good number of evergreen bushes, conifers and privet are being planted; and a very successful season should result. I regret there is only one photo to illustrate these notes, but T hope the Duchess of Wellington will have photos taken later when the aviaries are in summer dress, and send them with an account of the season's doings for publication in the Club journal. <>^-¥0 Breeding the Golden-Breasted Waxbill. By Lucy Dutton. Being very much in love with the Golden-breasted or Zebra Waxbill ( Sporaci^inilwis suhfavHs), and most desirous of breeding that species in my aviary, I purchased a pair from a dealer early in May last (1001). Though the birds on arrival were not in good pkmiage (l)eing minus their tails) they wer? certainly healthy- and 1 was glad to be able to turn them into my sunny a\iary. after a few days quarantine only. Here they soon improved in ap]iearance. and their lively ways were most iiUeresting, the male bird being a splendid little fellow, who seemed to glory in dancing to his mate with a feather in his beak twice the size of himself. Breeding the Golden-hreasted IVaxbill. 49 Towards the middle of August I noticed Mr. Waxy was particularly anxious to build in a small shrub growing" hv tlie entrance door, and would carry heaps of feathers into a nest of hay I had already put there. There was. however, little or no joy for the birds in selecting' this position, as they were robljed unmercifully by their companions, and I began to think their nesting" successfully with me was out of the question — my Zebra Finches. Bengalese. and other Waxbills having taken possession of all the other suitable nesting boxes. I would not be discouraged, however. In a very siuig and sheltered corner of the aviary, I hung up a small wicker cage, with some nice hay and a few feathers inside. This, to me, seemed an ideal spot, and I hoped my pretty (iold-breasts would soon inspect the new premises, and decide to set up housekeeping immediately. I was not disappointed. The nest was complete, and about September 24th I noticed the birds were sitting closely — first one and then the other — and, seeing their anxiety whenever an inquisitive individual approached, I concluded thev had either eggs or young. I was c^uite right in my surmises, for, on going into the aviary ^ week later, 1 found a tiny dead bird on the ground, just underneath the nest. My high hopes I thought, were not to be realised. But as time went on, I could distinctly hear young birds being fed, and, from the noise they made, I came to the conclusion that there were at lea^jt five or six. The old birds were capital feeders, and at;^ heartily of spray and white millet, egg-food, and grass in the ear. What I particularly observed during- the time of rearing was this — the parents were always very busy hunting the aviary wires, the turf, and the roof of an outhouse, over which the covered part of the aviary is erected — apparently in search of insect food (gnats I suppose); and aphides from the rose trees and sweet peas planted against the wires outside. My an.xiety at this time was. I confess, verv great, and my curiosity to see young Gold-breasts leave the nest not a bit less. But for this I had to wait till the morning of October 28th, when to my delight I saw two tiny birds fly to the ground. They were fully fledged, had black beaks, and were of i uniform brown, with the exception of the underparts which were light in colour. Surely these healthy birds, in the pink 50 Sonic Notes on Keeping Parrakecis. of condition, would be reared! I never dreamed otherwise. But alas ! there came a night when my spirits sank considerably below zero ! It was the first day of November. The parents were anxious to nest again, and I suppose thought it high time their young should shift for themselves. Next morning I found one of the two dead — the other flying, doing" so (apparently in the best of health) for another week or ten days, when it also succumbed. The old birds had built a new nest and obstinately refused to feed their young the last thing at night, or to admii them in to their nest, so they fretted and died. Had they been fed a day or two longer, I feel convinced 1 should now be the proud possessor of a couple of outdoor-aviary-bred Gold-breasts. Of course the season was too late to expect such bird^ to be reared, but I have strong hopes of being- successful next season. I may add that in the same aviary 1 have been most successful in breeding Bengalese and Zebra Finches, having reared two nests of six and five of the former, and splendid birds, too. Repr'uiied from " Bird Notes." J'ol ./, page 66 (igo2). <^t-K Some Notes on Keeping Parraheets. Platycerci ana Barnardii. By The M.^rquis of Tavistock. (Continued from page ^o). Corrigenda. — On page 29, line 2T) should read: for catching up sick birds: also sparrows wliicli steal the food and run up an cxhorhitant food bill. RosELLA Parrakeet ( Platxecrcits e.vimins). The Rosella is the commonest and most freely imported broadtail and is certainly one of the most beautiful; few birds can equal an old cock in brilliance and variety of plumag;^ combined with perfect harmony of colours and delicacy or marking". The sexes are much alike but the hen is usuall/ considerably duller in colouring and has a sn"ialler head and beak. She has also a few tiny greenish feathers round th-i eye, which are always absent in the adult male and, as a rule, Some Notes on Keeping Parrakccts. $\ white spots near the base of some of the flight featliers. Vouiil;' cocks have these white spots cilso, but old ones liardly ever. 'J'he g'reen feathers round the eye I have found to be the most rehable indication of sex. I have never seen the most brilhantly coloured hen entirely without them, nor an adult cock who possessed the least vesti.ge of i^reen at the back of the eye. Young" birds are less brightly coloured and clearlv marked than their parents and show less red and more green. They grow gradually brighter during the course of the first year and by mid-winter a practised eye can pick out the cocks from the hens. Full adult plumage is assumed at the first complete moult, which takes place when the l)ir(ls are about r4 months old. ( Jther nearly allied sjiecies resemble the Rosella in this respect and the st.atement that PJaiyeercine parrakeets take ■■ three or four years " to assume adult plumage - inconect. Rosellas are double-brooded and the hen often starts to lay again before the first lot of young have left th;: nest. Xo anxiety need be felt, for it is a perfectly natural proceeding" and the cock can be trusted to attend to the wants of his first family w^ithout neglecting" his sitting mate. The young" are fed by the parents for some little time after leaving" the nest. As they are rather inclined to dash about at first and injure themselves against the wire, it is wise to fix um plenty of twiggy branches as a screen at the end of the fligh^ ; also to make some extra provision in the way of overhead shelter against heavy rain. These precautions should be adopted when an interesting brood of parrakeets of any species are expected to get on the wing; nothing is more vexatious than to pick up a beautiful young" bird with a broken neck or to find it on the ground drenched and dead after a thunderstorm in the night. Rosellas show a certain amount of variation according to the district from which they come; the handsome.st race is the so-called " yellow-mantled." formerly described as a separate species — Platycercus splendidus — ; it differs from the common form in having the feathers of the mantle edged with golden yellow, instead of pale green. Tasmanian birds are also very fine and often have a line of red feathers running down the entire centre of the breast. 52 Sonic Notes on Kcc^i>ig Parrakccts. Pkxnaxt's Parrakket (I'latyccycus clcgaiis). Next to the Rosella, the most freely imported species; the adult in its rich plumage of crimson and blue is a strikingly handsome l)ird. No member of ihe family shows to better advantage at liberty. A pair gliding with lazy, graceful flight across an open space against a background -of green trees, or sitting among bare branches with tlie winter sun shining on them, is a sight not easily forgotten. (3nly birds thoroughly steady and accustomed to aviary life should be released, as newly imported ones are given to straying, even after they have apparently quite settled down. The sexes are alike in colour, but the female has a decidedly smaller head and narrow^er beak and after a little experience it becomes an easy matter to sex even single birds by this difference. On first leaving the nest young birds are normally green with a little red round the throat and some blue in the wings and tail. Red feathers make their appearance in an irregular fashion among the green until the first moult, when the whole of the remaining green plumage is discarded. Pennants are double-brooded. Like the Rosella, P. clcgaiis shows considerable local variation, some races having much more black in the plumage than others. In the north a very small form occurs, but I have never met wit'i it in captivity. Port Adelaide Parrakket (Platyccrcus adelaidac). Somewhat smaller than the Pennant, the Port Adelaide parrakeet will I suspect prove to be nothing but a hybrid between that bird and the yellow-rump. In all its character- istics it is intermediate between the two species and although it breeds true to type, it is common to meet some individuals almost as red as Pennants and others almost as yellow as Yellow-rumps. Some Adelaides are very handsome, reminding one in their plumage of the rich and varied tints of an autumn landscape. Young birds in immature dress are often mistaken for, and sold as, young Pennants, but they may easily be distinguished by their smaller size and by the distinctly yelloAvish olive tint of their feathers. Young Pennants are deep leaf green and such red feathers as they possess are ricii crimson and not brick red or pinkish red as in the case of Some Notes on Keeping Parvakccts. 53 young Adelaides. Yellow-rum pi:d Parkakkkt ( Platyccrcus favcolus). This is a rare bird in captivity and not unlikely to become extinct in its own country. Young" birds are said to be much greener than adults, and the sexes may be distinguished by the size of the head and beak. The only two Yellow-rumps I have owned were extremely quarrelsome and one met its death, while at liberty, in a battle with a Bauer's parrakeet. Yellow-bellied Parrakeet (Platycerciis fiavivcutris). A Tasmanian species somewhat rarely imported which bears x resemblance to the Yellow-rump, but may be distinguished by its dark green wings and shoulders. The female differs from the male in her smaller head and narrower beak and the young have much greener breasts than adults. Mealy Rosella Parrakeet (Platyccrcus pallidiccps). Somewdiat larger than the common Rosella; the female is a little duller in colouring than the male, is slightly smaller and has a smaller head and beak. Young birds have a faint greenish wash over the entire plumage and the blue and yellow feathers are consequently less brilliant. Some individuals have a number of red feathers on the crown of the head, while in parts of north Australia a pretty local race occurs with deep blue cheek patches and a rather greenish back : this bird is described by Gould as a distinct species — P. amathiisia; it is not often imported alive. The Mealy Rosella is double-brooded. Both Mealy Rosellas and Brown's have a violent antipathy to Blue-bonnet Parrakeets. Brown's Parrakeet (Platycercus broicni). Certainly one of the most beautiful of Australian parrakeets. The male has a large and more brilliant patch of violet feathers on the wing and possesses a heavier head and more powerful beak than his mate. For some reason males are rare in captivitv, and at any time the number of females to be obtained in this country is out of all proportion to that of males. Consequentlv one must be on one's guard against buying two hens as a pair. The species is double-brooded under favourable conditions. If kept at liberty Brown's are best caught up for the winter, as they are hardly large enough to protect themselves against owls. 54 Some Xofcs on Keeping Parrakceis. SrAXLKV 1'arkakkkt ( riatyeereus ietcrotis). Tlie smallest of the Platyecrei and the only one the sexes of which can be distinguished at a ,^■lance, the dull and patchy tints of the female's breast l)eing a marked contrast to the brilliant crimson of the male. The female has also tlullcr cheek patches and less deep blue on the win,^-. Youn,!^ birds resemble their mother but their plumage is duller and has more green in it. The majority of Stanleys are single-brooded, but occasionally a pair will go to nest twice. Stanleys are too small to be let. at liberty when the trees are bare. Barnard's Parrakeet (Barnardius barnardi). Parrakeets of the sub-genus Barnardius may be considered for avicultural purposes as ordinary Plaiycerci and all that applies to the latter applies to them as far as general management is concerned. Barnard's Parrakeet is a very beautiful bird an 1 a trifle less quarelsome than other broadtails. The hen is usually duller in plumage than the cock and has always a smaller head and less swollen upper mandible; two broods are reared in the season and the cock is a very patient and devoted father to his numerous offspring. Port Lixcolx or Yellovv-xaped Parrakeet (Barnardius se)nitorqiiati(s). A very variable species: at one time the small, light coloured race with the yellow lower breast was considered a separate species and named Bauer's Parrakeet, but although a typical specimen shows many points of contrast with the big, all-green, red-fronted variety, every possible intermediate form exists and it is impossible to say where the Bauer ends and the Yellow-naped begins. The size of the head and beak is the only reliable indication of sex- there being no striking difference in plumage. Two broods are reared in -i season as in the case of the Barnard. The Port Lincoln is i dangerous fighter, and nmst never be kept with birds likely to dispute its supremacy. A cock Barnard, at liberty, who unwisely entered into an unfriendly argument with a pair of Port Lincolns I kept some years ago. was literally torn to pieces by them, while a Bauer's Parrakeet, flying loose at the same time, accounted for a Mealy Rosella and a Yello\v- rump. by biting off their beaks. Weaker and less pugnacious birds, however, were not injured. To be continued. The Lavender Finch. 55 The Lavender Finch. By Andrew P^hilip. Everyone who has possessed this dehghiful Waxbill ( Lagonosticta cacriilcscens) will no doubt agree with me that it is one of the prettiest and most interesting' of the Waxbill family. Its Ijeauty of plumage, activity, pretty flight, and the ease with which it is tamed, combined with the low figure a1 which it can be always purchased, ought to insure its inclusion in every collection. Lavender h'inches are easily kept in perfect health (at least that is my exeperience) on the following" dietary : Canary and white millet seed, millet spray, grass seed in the ear (a sod of grass just as pulled out of the earth with the mould attache J is a source of great delight), a little sponge cake, with a few ants' eggs, and about a couple of mealworms each daily. Of the latter they are exceedingly fond : they do not eat them like Weavers and insectivorous birds do. but run them along in their beaks, extract the soft parts and leave the skins. When I take up the box of mealworms and open the door of my indoor aviary, they will come at once, perch on my fingers, hands, or arms, all excitement till they get their worm, when they at once go back to the cage to enjoy it at their leisure. The skins they will store away in some corner or coco-nut husk, and unless you are aware of this, and clean out all nests and husks reg- ularly, you will be surprised at the " find " you will discover some morning. Being exceedingly fond of a bath, they should never be without a plentiful supply of fresh water. For some time my pair ha\'e been turning their attention to setting up house, and take great interest in a converted cigar box decorated with A'irginian bark. Next month I intend turn- ing them into an out-door aviary, in the hope that they will breed. Their love-dance is most entertaining. Reprinted from " Bird Notes," Vol. I page 160 (ipo2). e6 TJie Endurance of Birds. The Endurance of Birds. By Wesley T. Page, IvZ.S., etc. (Continued from page ^9). Pectoral Finch (Munta pcetoralis ). This is a showy and handsome hnch. showy not because of brilHant colouration but owing- to the contrasty arrangement of the soft and deep hues of its plumage. It is of mannikin form and demeanour, not dull in the aviary, but is somewhat lethargic when caged. Though many aviculturists have had this species in pairs it has not been freely bred — recorded instances of success are quite limited. It has never gone to nest in my aviaries, and the birds have generally taken but little notice of each other, though I have possessed at least one true pair. In fact I have never seen the courting dance performed; of course, that is not to say that it has never occurred in my aviaries, but, certainly not in my presence. I have found them hardy, but a wet, cold autumn tries them, and if losses occur these have usually taken place among my birds during the latter half of September and the early part of the following month. They seem to feel the later bitter winter weather less than the aforementiontd period. PiLEATED Finch (CoryMwspingns ["ileatus). This bird I have included among the finches merely as a matter of conveni- ence, owing to its popular name, as it is a member of the Emberisincr. The male is deep slaty-grey above ; below it is whitish grey, except the throat, breast, and flanks, which are palish grey; the top of the head is black, with a longitudinal stripe of rich carmine, which the bird erects as a crest when excited; beak, upper mandible greyish-horn, lower whitish-horn. The female is easily distinguished from the male, as her crest is browm, and she is altogether of a browner hue than her mate. This species has ne^'er nested with me. but I have only had two pairs, which passed the winter comfortably out of The Endurance of Birds. 57 doors. Thev are delig'htfnl birds in the aviary, full of char- acter, life and vivacity, in evidence most of the day, spending most of their time in lightning- fly-catcher-like flights, but not always returning to the same perch, though very often alighting- very near to the starting-point; on alighting the crest is raised and a wondrous flash of blazing carmine momentarily delights the eye. It has not been freely bred in captivity, though other avicudturlists have been more fortunate than myself; still instances of success have not been at all numerous. In the aviaries of Dr. J. Easton Scott- prior to the war. a pair reared one or more broods in two successive seasons, and I saw one of these broods being fed in the nest, and a little later saw the ha])])v familv party feeding and disporting about the aviary. At the first opportunity I certainly shall again acquire the species. PiNTAiLED Parrot-Finch (Erythnira prasina). This is most commonly known as the Pintailed Nonpareil, and it is certainly one of the most beautiful of imported finches. Rich hues adorn its feathered garment, yet each area of colour is so beautifully softened as it merges into the next, that it luakes a most exquisite whole. It is so well known that a des- cription need not be given — in fact this article is not intended to include such. Most aviculturists do not find this a hardy species, but the main difficulty lies in acclimatising tliem. In exposed aviaries and those on clay sub-soil they should certainly be housed indoors during the winter, though their quarters need not necessarily be heated. Our member, Mr. J. L. Grossmith. had some ex(|uisite specimens, which fed largely upon soaked paddy rice, and at the same time had access to the usual seed luctiii pro\-ided for the other birds, but their main diet was the above. I do not remember to have seen or heard of any record of the successful breeding of this species, though it has been plentiful and cheap on the market in pre-war times. The mortality has been very heavy among new arrivals, and for some 58 The Enduronce of Birds. years I did not kee]) tlieni on tliat account, but once acclimatised and i^ixeu dry winter quarters they are not a delicate sjjecies. With such a beautiful species, it would form a valuable and interesting' topic if a number of our members would i^ive their experiences in keeping it, supplying full details of feeding and general treatment ; and I certainly hope there will be a good response to this suggestion. Scaly-crowned Finxh (Sporopipcs squamiivous). This attractive African finch has only bred once in my aviary and but few aviculturists have had much success with it. Ono -•vfJ!:;-, notable exception is our m e m b e r Mr. W. E. Teschemaker who had a prolific pair, so much so, that he expressed the opin- ion that for freeness of breeding it would prove a rival to the Zebra Finch. He must ha^-e been fortu- nate in his birds, for I know of no one else who has lieeii similarly success- ful. If I remember rightlv the purcliasers of his stock had only mediocre results. Scaly-crowned Finch. Sporiijilpes s(j/ia iii/fi-on.< Such experience is by no means isolated in foreign bird-keeping and hence has arisen the term " breeding pair " — there is no doubt that among a given munbei of aviculturists, all with roomy natural aviaries, if pairs of a given species were distri- buted among them, one or two of them would get excellent results and the others practically no luck at all ; thougli all alike might be skilful and experienced aviculturists. I have had but few of them, and certainly found them ready enough to go to nest, but they proved l)ad sitters, even when they got as far as eggs: with another member thev hatched out young freely, but did not fully rear any. It is a hardy species. Ijut certainly feels a cold wet Crccii Singing l-'iiicJi x Goldfinch Hybrid. 59 autumn, appareiUly more than the actual winter, and it is during' the former period that I have suffered loss when keeping" them out of doors. If they safely pass through late September and the hrst half of ( )ctol)er 1 h'dxe felt little fear of losing them during' the winter. The hens are less enduring' than the cocks, and I have foiind liiem raiher liable to egg-binding" if a cold spell comes during the spring" after nesting has conmienced. I muit. however, qualify the above by stating" that I have only had about three i^airs of thi.-, species, at different periods. They are charming", active and \i\acious l)irds in the aviary. (To be coniiniied.) ^^"K^ Green Singing-Finch x Goldfinch Hybrids. By Miss R. Alder son. I think perhaps the following" note may be of interest to those members who care for hybrids. In one aviary I have ^ hen English (loldhnch and a cock (ireen Sing"ing"-finch. Both birds are in tine health and plumage. This summer they have nested twice. The first nest was built close to a \^iolet Dove's nest, and the two birds sat in perfect harmony within a few inches of each other. Four or five eggs were laid, and the (loldfinch sat well, btit unfortunately the nest was destroyed by some other bird. A second nest was made later, and three young" ones hatched. ( )ne was drowned just as it left the nest. The other two are fine young" birds, now over two months old. and one of them is beginning to sing" nicely. In size and shape they are rather like a hen Chaffinch. Both birds are showing" yellow^ and orange in the forehead, chin, and wings. The parents were most attentive to the yotmg ones, and probably that is why they were such strong birds. I believe the young one that was drowned was the finest of the three, but I was away from home at the time and did not see it. Reprinted from " Bird Notes," Vol. I , page 2qo (igo2). 6o Records of J^inls icliicli have bred in Captivity. Records of Birds wliicli have Bred in Captivity. Bv E. HoPKiNsoN, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. J-'or meaning of abbreviations z'idc pages 5H-59 (last vol.). I ConlUutcd from pcii^c ^4). PYCNONOTWAE. 246— RED VENTED BULBUL. Molpastcs fxiscus. W.T.P. Hybrids. U 1: 1 )- VENTED X KED-WHISKERED BULBUL. Smyth, 1914. See B.N., 1914. 30J. 247.— SYRIAN BULBUL. Pycrwntus xaiitJiopyi^iiis. AlH-oad. W.T.P. C. " according to Wiener h.is been lireil in (jennany." A.G.R. i. 36. <> 248.— RED WHISKERED BULBUL. Otocoiupsa emciia. W.T.P. Teschemaker, 1909. See B.N., 1909, 228. Hybrids. X Ked-whiskered (Red-vented Bulbul). <^ 249.— WHITE EARED BULBUL. O. Inicotis. W.T.P. .Mnoad. I. St I larris/Russ. <^ MENURIDAE. 250. — LYRE-BIRD. Mcnura snpcrba. S.iid Id li.ive ]ir()duced hybrids with the common fowl LYRE-I'JRM X Do.Mi'STIC EOWE, W.T.R. C. <> RHAMrilASTIDAE. [251. — SPOT-BILLED TOUCANET. ScleuUiera ittaculiroslris. In the Zoo in 1Q13 one young bird was hatched and lived about a month]. <> CUCULIDAE. 252.— GUIRA CUCKOO. Ciiira irnira. W.T.P. isl Pottimore, 1911. See B.N.. 1911, 273. Records of Hinis zi'liich have bred in Captivity. 6i MU SOPH AG I DAE. ^ 253.— BUFFON'S TURACO. Tunicus buffoni. Abroad. Delacourt (France) 1914. See A.M., 1915, 211 and 1917, 58. <> 254.— F RASE R'S TURACO. T. macrorhynchus. W.T.P. ^ 1st John.^tone, i9o(). See A.M., n.s.v. 87. <^ [255.— PINK CRESTED TURACO. T. erythrolophus. ^ .V.stley reports (A.M., 191(1, 334) incomplete success, the young- dying at tlie commencement of feathering-]. c C0UID.\E. 256.— STRIATED COLY. C ol'ms str'iatits. W.T.P. 1st Wilson, 1912 See B.N., 191-', 281. 0 CAPRIMVLGIDAE. 257. — NIGHTJAR. L \ipri)i!iils^iis curopaeus. Abroad, lleinrotli in Berlin. 1907. See A.M., 1909, 51. ^ UPUPIDAE. 258.— HOOPOE I'pupa cpops. W.T.P. 1^1 .M. Anii>tein. i()ii. Sc-.' 11. X., X.S., II., 221. 257. 0 ALCEDINWAE. 259.— LAUGHING JACKASS. Ihuclfl gigas. W.T.P. Zoo, 1905. Success. In 1904 two were liatclicd but not reared. A CORACIWAE. 260. — ROLLER. Coracias garnihis. W.T.P. 1st St. Quintin, 1901. A.S. Medal. A.M. vii. 217. 0 PARROTS. LORIIDAE. 261.— BLACK LORY. Cluilcopsittaciis ater. W.T.P. l^l lirook, 1909. A.S. Medal. See A.M. (3) i, 28, and B.N. 1909, 228. 62 Ri'forils of Hirds ■:^'liirli liaz'c bred III Ca/'ik'it v 262.— CHATTERING LORY I.oriiis -urntliis. W.T.P I hliKIDS. X (."liatUTiiii^- L(^r\ (Sw niiisonV I -orikeet ). 263.— FORSTEN'S LORIKEET. Triclioi^lossus forstoii. W.T.P. 1st Micliell, i()()5. A.S. Medal. Sec .\.M. n.s. h. 24. ♦ 264.— JOHNSTONE'S LORIKEET T . johiisloulac. W.T.P. isl ioliiistonc. A.S. .Medal, i<)()5. Sec .\..\1. n.s. v. \\. ^ 26b.— BLACK THROATED LORIKEET 7 miiri-iihuis ilVBRIDS. X r.lack-tliroaled ( Kedn-ollared korikcct). 266.— SWAINSON'S LORIKEET. 7. iimvc-lioli,ni,lidC. W.T.P. T.iltle. See 11. N. i<)o8, 24. " tlie first time for nearly 30 years " fl'a.n'e .Miroad. 1st lleuMin tRnss. "■ easily bred " tRuss. llred ■' on se\eral occasion- in ( iennany ;iiid at lea^t once in l'",n!i,''laii(l.' tA.G.l!. ii. 135. rlvBRlDS. SWAIXSOX'S I.OKIKI'.KT x CHATTIER I N(; LORY. W.T.P. Hartley, tQu. I'.W.C. Medal. See 11. X. 1913. 358. SWAIXSOX'S I. ()RIK1-:i:T x R!:i)A'()l.l..\Rk:i) i.orikf.f-t. W'.T.I'. .\nd in Zoo. 1917. 0 267. -RED COLLARED LORIKEET / nibntorqiics. W.T.P. 1st Zoo, i()i(). Snice 1>\ others. .See 11. X. 1916, 189, 214. lIvitRin.s. Ri':nA'()LLARi<:io L()Riki:1':t x iii.ack-throativD loriki-:kt. Abroad. R.invvels. 1912. IMl.l.'. Medal. See 11. X. 1912. 338 iS; 1913. 275 (Why the IMl.C. Medal? Surely the e\ont took place in Ilclgiiim, not ill the United Kingdom. — E.H.). X Red-collaretl (Swainsou's Lorikeet). A Bird Collector's IVandcritJgs. 63 268.— ORNAMENTED LORIKEET 7 ,>nmtHs. .\l)road. isl Coniclx . fRuss. -4-¥^ A Bird Collector's Wanderings. Bv (;Ki:r,oT?Y M. M.vtiikws. An inleresti}ig record of the ^^'anderings of Mr. .1 . I', k'uger.'i. wlio for six vears has been collecting birds in the far north-west of Australia for Mr. Crcgorv Mathezvs. the zvell-known ornithologist, and mammals for the British Museum. Reprinted from Tlic Sydney MaiL with our thanks to the Editor and Author.— Ed. " B.N." " One of tlie most interesting fields in Australia for the bird collector " is the far nor'-west of tlie continent. It is for the most part \irt;in " country that lias not so far been invaded by introduced birds, many of " which, when they become established, drive out the native birds: and " foxes have not made their appearance there yet, but unfortunately " there are cats — the domestic species that have run wild — and they are " playing havoc with the avifauna. I shall have more to say on this " subject presently. In the nor'-west the forest primeval still stands. " and it is one of the few ;irea^ where the fauna and flora condit'ons are, " luit for the appearance of these detestable cat^, ;ilmost exactly the same " as wlieii the adventurous Dutchman Dirk Hartog set foot on the shores " of Western Australia nearly three hundred years ago." 64 A Bird Collector' i Wanderings. SIXTY NEW BIRDS. " .\ low days ago Mr. j. P. Rogcr.^, wlio has been colleclMig Ijirds " lor iiK' in tlii.s far-away part of Auslralia. since 1908, and nianmials for " the British Museum, came over at my request to consul: with me, and ■■ as he lias a very remarkable record it occurred to me that the readers '■ of the Mail, which gives prominence to such matters (' UutcLor " Australia ' is a very charming feature ol the popular journal), nnirht " like to hear sometliing about him and his work, lie talks very little. " Long journeys by himself in the silence of the Inisli have had tlieir " effect upon liim, Me linds charm in solitude. For days, for wrecks, " sometimes lor months, he has wandered through the bush in quest of "rare species of birds, with wo companion save a dog. lie has added " sixty new birds to the catalogue of Australian varieties, and a great " many of them have been called after hmi. He is also the discoverer " of several new species of mannnals. Thus Mr. Rogers has a unique " record." AMONG WILD BLACKS. " A little while ago Mr. Rogers made a journey right across Western " Australia to Tanami, a distance of some 500 miles, and got amongst '■ absolutely wild blacks, and very nearly perished from thirst. However, " that is a story by itself. If he can ever be induced to set down his " experiences on that adventurous journey I have no doubt that they will " prove of absorbing interest. What 1 know of some of them compels me " to say that there is a lot of silly sentiment uttered by people who have " had no actual experience themselves about good behaviour of uncivilised " blacks. They are savages in every sense of the word, or, at least, " that has Ijeen the exijenence of Mr. Rogers. The p.u-t ol his work " that concerns me is that which lias relation to birds." WORLD-RECORD FLIGHTS. " The most notaulc of the birds that he has discovered for us is " on.e of the wader lamih that breed in Siberia and winter in Ausli'aiia. " Mr. Rogers is the only man who has ever shot one of the particular " species I allude to here. It is the broad-billed sandpiper. It had been ■' got in Java before, but iiever in this continent. The wader family arrive " in the nor'-west in countless numbers in October or November They " start on their 8000 miles Hight back again wiicn thev get their full " plumage. That is in April. There are probably about twenty species of " them, and all mingle together on the breedmg grounds ; but when about " to migrate the ixspective species collect iiUo groups, and each flies off " separately. There is a 40ft. rise and fall at the spring tide, and that " provides a fine feeding ground. They live principally on shellfish, and " are in good condition when ready to leave. Sometimes a few stay " behind. That is because they have not got themselves into sufiiciently " good condition to undertake this world-record journey." .1 Bird Collccfor's JJ'aiuicrings. 65 OTHER NEW IJIKDS. " Mr. Roijcrs has also added a new snipe calleil llie pin-tailed to our li^l of l)ird.s. Tile onlcr tail featiier> are thin and narrow, and thus the name. lie has provided nie witli several skins ot the rare white i[uilled pi.i,'eon, of whicl: onl\ one oi- two specimens had ever heen seeured helore. and is the onl\ man wh'> hat' ever collected the chestnut-hellied rail and supplied the scieniilic world with notes concerning it.s life history. We are indebted to Mr. Rogers for all that is known regarding- this bird, which is about the .size of the waterhen common on this coast. 1'R1.\C1<:SS .VLEXANUR.X l'.\kRAKEl':T. " Last year on the most southerly point of the ritzroy River Mr. Rogers had the good fonnne to come across a llock of Princess Alexandra parrakeets. and .secured tome. This is the most beautiful and delicately coloured of all the parrakeet family, with very long and narrow tail feathers. A fully-grown bird has a total length of about 17 inches, of which the tail fonns about 11 inches. They inhabit dry and sterile country, such as is avoided as far as possible by man, and hence are not often met with." " The most common parrots in the nor'-west are the crimson-winged, which is not so big as the king parrot, and the nor'-west form of what ' is known in New South Wales as the lilue Mountain. Galahs are ' connnon on the river frontages, and near water, but not in the dry ' country. The wood swallow is to be found in all classes of country, ' and finches are exceedingly numerous in some seasons, as well as ' pigeons, doves and plovers. The natives have a name for the plover ' that exactly describes its call — ' w-eeloo.' GREAT-HILLKD COCKATOO. " The nor'-west is the habitat of the great-billed black cockatoo. ' It is half as big again as the ordinary black cockatoo, with a tremendous ' beak that has got clutchmg power. \\oe betide the unfortunate person ' whose finger or hand got caught in this cruel vyce. Small branches ' are lopped o& by this great-billed bird with the greatest ease. It feeds ' on the native chestnut, and you can hear the sharp click made in breaking ' the nuts 70 or 80 yards away." SMALLEST OF THE TITS. " Among other unique species in this part is the smallest bird in ' Australia, and one of the smallest in the world. It is the tree tit. It ' is not the size of a man's thumb. The body of this diminutive creature ■' without its tiny tail is hardly as large as the top joint of one's little finger. " It is smaller than mo.^t of thj hunmiiiig birds." MYSTERIOUS xMIGRATIONS. " Another inhabitant of these parts is the black-tailed native hen. " about the size of a bantam, which, like the Princess Alexandra parrakeet, 66 A Bird Collector's Wanderings. " has a most roniarkal)lc liabit of never appearing in the same part of the " country during two successive years. In fact, when they do come " they make their api)earance suddenly, and disap])ear as suddenly and " as mystcriouslv. but whence they come and whither they go no man " knoweth. One year one may perhajis see several hundreds in a day, " and for years afterwards onlv an odd one or two, or maybe, none at " all. Similar mysterious irruptions are made by Hock pigeons. (^ne "year thev a])])ear in particular localities in thousands; then perhaps for " years none will be seen there at all." " Another of the birds oi the nor-wesl that I nmst not omit to " mention is tlie jabiru. a big stork with an enormous bill a foot in " length, and as sl.arp as a needle. It is a fish eater, but Mr. Rogers " has seen one tackle a dead kangaroo." HAVOC WROUGHT I'.V CATS. " At the outset I mentioned that that uorsl u{ enemies of bird life — " the domestic cat gone wild — had appearetl on the scene. This is very " sad. for it means the end of all ground-nesting birds and the decimation " of tree-nesting birds as well. Mr. Rogers tells me that the whitc- " bellied pigeons once numerous are going fast. The cats multiply " rapidly, and grow much bigger than the ordinary- house cat. Mr. " Rogers saw them as far out as Tananii, ami the probabilities are that " they are carried alH)Ut by the blacks frcnn settlements, and thus get " distributed over the country. Anyhow, this is very bad news for " bird-lovers, for it inevitalMy means the doom of man_\- t)f our most " interesting birtls. The fo.x is bad enough, but the cat is ten times " worse. 1 appeal to you. reader, never to let a cat escape if _\ou should " happen across one in the bush and have the means of despatcliing it. " But the}' are notoriously hard to kill; and so, good-bye to the birds!" THE BALANCE OF NATURE. " A curious feature about the settled portions of the nor'-west. " according to Mr. Rogers, is that all the larger mammals are increasing. " and the small ones rapidly decreasing. There used, he tells me, to be " any number of opossums, squirrels, bandicoots, and rats on the Fitxroy " River when the whites first went there some 20 years ago. Now they have almost disappeared, as is always the fate of small animals in sheep "' country. The agile wallaby is increasing. Twenty years ago they " were only found here and there. They had become such a pest in 190J " that it was decided to give a bonus of fourpence per scalp and something " like a million scal])s have been got to date. Mr. Rogers accounts for ■' the great incre.ise in wallabies b\- the fact that the blacks are disappearins:;. " and now work, and ;ire fed on the stations insleatl of hunting in the " bush, and that the wtdge-tailed eagle and the dingo, the natural " enemies of the wallaby, have to a large extent been destroyed. When " the balance of Nature gets upset soinething is bound to happen. That A Bird and Rat Fight. 67 applies n:irticu!;irly to tlic bird world, and thi.i L'xj)erience illustrates its application all round. Finally, let mc impress on orchardists, agriculturists, pastoralists, everybody — be careful when you wage war- fare on any native bird. The balance of Nature is a very complicated arrangement, and if you ilisturb it, then look out," C-M^> A Bird and Rat Fight. Reprinted fruin the Yorkshire I''ost, February 26th.. with our thanks lo llie Fdilor. — Cutting per .Miss M. L. Harbord. — Fd. B.N. " Sir,- — O'l Monday last, when taking the dog for a run in the fields " adjacent to my house, my daughters, Fvelyn and Phyllis, captured, near " a barn, a bird which was fluttering and tumbling along the ground in " a very curious manner. On arriving home they at once brought it up " to my room (where I was confined with a bad cold) for my inspection. " The bird was a redwing, and a moments examination showed that it " was not the recent severity of weather that had incapacitated it, as I " had at first suspected, but di.sablement from a recent fight with a rat ! " I'or the primaries of the right wing were securely lashed to the bird's ■■ right shank and foot by tough strips and shreds of a rat's tail, a section " of the tail itself, about one and a half inches, hanging loose. Evidently " a Homeric comb.it must have taken place, and, for the moment at ;ili " events, left the bird victorious, but so completely disabled, that onh- b\ " the exercise of threat care and ij.atience, and the aid of ;i pair of fine " scissors, was I ;.!)le gradu.ally to remove the entanglements. The " ti])s of the primaries were so tightly bound to the bird's toes, that it was ■■ inijKJSsible otherwise to free them. After straightening out the feathers, " ;ind \\arniins4' arid drxing the legs and toes, which were in a semi- " paralysed state, the victim flew aw.ny into a holly tree, little the worse " for its gruesome adventure." '■ To round the story off, I suppose I ought to say that the bird licked my hand in gratitude, or whatever eciuiv.alent from a bird's point "of view it was morally capable of; but. on the contrary, it pecked vigorously at my finger just before I turned it loose to take up in due " time, I trust, its return journey to the Northern breed-ng grounds." Yours, etc. — T.C.J. Willington, near Derby, February 2r, IQ19. 0-^-¥0 68 Correspondence. Correspondence. SMALL lilRDS' STRUGGLES —TOO MANY BIRDS OF PREY. Sir .-—Apropos of the letter on birds of prey in last number of " B.N." I do not think you can form a fa-'r estimate of the destructiveness of a particular species of hawk or owl to bird life except you examine the contents of its stomach (or ejected ]iellets) throug-hout the year. Examination of owl pellets is almost invariably made duriny llie breeding season, sunnncr, and not in the winter as well. The Urow n Owl in summer feeds mainly on mice and beetles, l)Ut I fancy an examinalion of its stomach in late winter would surjirise its admirers- — and shock them I If it is anylhino- like as destructive to our native birds as it is to forei^^iiers it nnist be a veritable scourge. .\t mv old home in Bedfcnxlshire it w.is impossible to keep any parrakeet at liberty during- the winter, smaller than a cock rosella — the brown owls had every one, and they must have killed dozens, as well as Tanagers, etc. Later a different set of owls took ro killing full grown Chukor Partridges and several were trapped at the half-eaten bodies of their victims. Here it is the .same story ; I was more cautious about letting out small parrakeets, but alas ! the briUes carried off a beautiful cock I'arraband whom I thought too big for them to tackle, and later, ;inother large ])arrakeet belongmg to a weak-l)illed si)ecies. liarn owls are li'ss destructive to bird life. Now and again they take .-i liiicli, but nnt often and though individuals will attack big birds, they are the eNcei)tion and not the rule. The Little Owl prefers mice to birds, and insects to either, as may be pro\ed b\- anyone keeping it as a pet. \\'hen breeding it kills a good many voung blackbirds, thrushes, and starlings, and will not infrequently take partridge and pheasant chicks, as well. 1-ience its bad reputation. It is quite untrue to say th;it it is destructive to finches and small insectivorous birds, the whole year mund. I know a garden inhabited 1)\- a pair of Little Owls where robins, wrens, fits, nuthatclu-s and finches siniiilv sw-arni and I have ne\-er found their remains in the I^ittle Ow-ls' iiellets. When huiUing 1)\- d;i\- tlii'v are far too conspicuous and too slow to c;itch anything but a fledgling. \\'ar])lington House, TAVISTOCK. Tlavant, Hants. February 24th, 3919. c .2 o > I// RigJits Reserved. April, 1919. BIRD NOTES: __ THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. A Californian Aviary and its Inmates. By T. F. M. Wtlt.tamson-. My aviaries were built about two years a,t;o. and. as T have kept a consi(leral)le variety of 1:)irds in tliem with a considerable amount of success, perhaps a short description of them and their inmates may be of interest and use to some of our members, even if they are situated so far away from Enj^land. I had better state here that the Southern Californian climate, g'enial thoug"h it be, is subject to very sudden drops in temperature, so that bird keeping has its drawbacks here as well as anywhere else, and forei,q'n birds are just as diflficult to acclimatise here as in Great Britain. I have kept birds in both countries and have come to the conclusion that, ""enerally speak- ing", birds which will not winter out of doors successfully in England need not be expected to do so in California. Had I realised this fact sooner T would have saved myself many disappointments and some expense. T wish to say, too, that any remarks I may make about the birds T liave kept are merely my own observations, and are facts only so far as my own birds are concerned, and may not be appropriate to others of their own species at all. Birds have characters of their own as well as humans,, and these differ very mucli in individuals. AviARiE.s : My aviaries are of the plainest construction possible. Two of them are almost identical, except for the size of the wire mesh used and the planting of the flights ; one is devoted to the smaller and the other to larger species. In both I have had to mix insectivorous and seed-eating species as I lacked room for more aviaries, but the ideal thing would yo A CaHtOriiiaii A^'iary and its Inmaics. iiiul()iil)te(lly l)c to kee]) 'lie two lrights and ( )regon pine for the rest. fn the small bird aviary we used half-inch mesh chagonal wire throughout, and in the other i inch. The shelters have a sloping roof, with a two-feet drop from front to rear, and are each provided with a casement window. 2 feet by 10 inches, in the side, which is wired, and can be opened and hooked back when desired. The aviaries face south, and even in the warmest summer weather the sheds are sulficiently cool to be much appreciated by the l)irds. The whole outside and the flights are painted green, and the inside of the sheds and the woodwork of the partition cream-colour. The top of the flights is Hat. not because 1 thought that best, but becattse I had to be as economical as possible in construction. For water supjdy each aviary is provided with a small concrete fountain, ha^•ing a basin for bathing ])urposes of about 2 feet diameter, sloping in dejith from nothing to two inches. Tn the flights 1 have planted here and there groups of privet, laurestinus. euonymus. budleia. and a few small pines A two-foot-wide walk, two inches deep in grit, runs right through the flights to the shelter-shed, and on the rest of the grotmd space I ha\e sown alfalfa, Sudan grass, nasturtium, millet, dandedion. etc. In addition there are two large climii)s of pampas grass in the small bird aviary. I should also men- tion that the entrance doors to both aviaries are at the opposite Bird Notes. vSeed Table. A Calif ornion Arlary and its Inmates. yi end of the tH,!:^iils from the sheds, and that these are double, besides having- spring- hinges so that the chance of birds escap- ing is small. Since these aviaries were built I have never had anv trouble whatever with rats, mice, or sitakes, nor have there been any signs of any of the birds being troubled with any kind of parasites. (Outside tlie flight s, and close to the wire, are several well-grown orange and lemon trees, and, as numerous small insects liatch out in tliese at intervals every sunshiny day, that is nearly every day, and fly tlirough the wire, 1 consider them a decided acquisition. It is a very pretty sight to see the insect- ivorous species darting about and pursuing the insects, and two Red-eared Rulbuls reared their young almost entirely by this means last summer. The nest-boxes I use are those so often recommended by our Editor. They are easily made, easily cleaned .and easily examined at any time. T hang them in the shed, the covered and open flights, and always try to allow at least two to each pair of birds. Whenever I introduce a new pair of birds I hang up two more nest-boxes, and I am sure in my own mind that this method does away with a great deal of quarrelling and fuss, besides insuring to every bird a warm shelter if he chooses to avail hiuself of it. Perches are of course everywhere. Until recently T fed all the birds on a seed table, using a different glass receptacle for each kind of seed. but. since Mr. Goytino very kindly gave me a seed hopper of his own, T have discarded the table and use hoppers entirely, as these save both seed and time. Canary, yellow, white, and red millet, thistle, rape, lettuce, hulled oats, and paddy rice are before the birds at all times, maw, sunflower, and hemp occasionally — the latter very occasionally. When the birds are getting well on in the moult I find that a little linseed, judiciously used, is not only very beneficial, but greatly improves the colour in many species, although it must, however, be used very carefully or it is too fattening. Clreen-food in the shape of lettuce is supplied every morning, also bunches of flowering grass, ripening oats, etc., whenever T can get them. Cuttlefish bone, finely broken charcoal, and a large piece of rock salt are always in the aviary. I buy my 7- .1 CaViiovman A^'iarx ami its Inmates. S(jltl)il1 mixture locally, and tlu)U,i;ii il iiii.L;iit be nmch improved upon I make it do hy addins^' a few things myself. My birds seem to prefer an addition ol ,L;ratelackl)irds ;ind Thrushes in the list, that seemed to care for either raspberries or straw- berries, and 1 have tried them often enough with both. P)rmanas are eaten only by some of the fruit-eating birds, and those that do eat them seem to prefer orange. The reason for this probably is that bananas are imi:)orted in a half ripe state, whereas our oranges are ])icked ripe from the tree. T have noticed that birds are, as a rule, shy of any new food that is placed before them, and that it is left practically untouched for a day or two i< no guarantee that it will not be greedily eaten later on. A Califontiaii Afiary and its fiiiiiatcs. / . Birds : 1 sliall. first of all. .L;i\ t- a list followed 1)\' a short (lesorii)tioii of the birds in the small !)ird a\iary. dealin,^' with the inhabitants of the other aviary later. _' Ilrazilian Cardinals i I'liraaria hm-ata). 2 Pekin Roljins ( l.ictliri.v Uilctisi. 2 (jreen Singing-Finches iScrniiis icterus/. 2 Bengalese (chocolate r"nd white) (Mitiiia doiiicstica ). 2 Bengalese (fawn and white) iMiinia cloiiicshcaj. 6 Avadavats (Sporacginfliiis aiiiaiida^'a ). 2 Orange Iii.siiops (Pyroiuclana fraiiciscana). 2 Napoleon Weavers (P. afni). 2 Saffron Finches (Sycalis fiavcola). 2 Cuba Finches (Fhonipara caiiora). 2 Olive Flinches (P. lepida). 4 Zebra I'inches (Taciiiop\'i;iii ciistanotis >. 4 Java Xoiipareils I F.rytlinira prasina). 2 Canaries (Scrums caiinrius). 2 Sydney Waxbills (Jzg'uitha iciiipuraVis). 1 Blue-breasted Waxbill (J ) ( Estrilda a>ii;;olciisis ). 2 Orange-cheeked Waxl)ills fSporaegintliKs iiiclpodiis). 2 Zebra Waxbills iS. suhilavus). 2 Common Waxbills (Estrilda cincrca). 2 St. Helena Waxbills (F^. astrilda). 2 Rainbow Buntings (Cyaiwspiza Icclaiiclicri). 2 Indigo Buntings (C. cyanca). 2 Nonpareil Buntings (C. ciris). 2 Lazuli Buntings iC. .jcul'ma). 2 Black-headed Nuns (Mnnia atricapilla). 2 White-headed Nuns (M. majii). 2 Pectoral Finches (^L pccf oralis ). 2 Madaga.scar Weavers (,-' ^ (Foudia inadagascaricnsis ). . 2 Red-billed Weavers (Qucica quclca). 2 Cherry Finches ( Aidemosyne luodesta). 2 Varied Buntings (S) (Cyanospiza versicolor). 6 Bicheno's Finches (Stictospi::a bichciwvi). X Yellow-rumped Finch ( Mania ilavipryiuna). 2 Red-sided Tits ( Sittipams sicholdi). 2 Silverbills (Aidemosyne malabarica). 2 Diamond Sparrows ''Steganoplcnra guttata). 1 P)lack Seadeater ( Mehpyrrha nigra). 2 bicarini Finches (cf ) (]"olatinia jacariuii. 2 Red-headed Finciies ' Aniadina crytliroccpliala ), 2 .Shaft-tail Finches (Peophila acuticauda). 2 Masked Grassfinches (P. pcrsonata). 2 Red-headed Gouldian Finches (P. gouldiae). 3 Black-headed Gouldian Finches (P. gouldiae). 74 ^ Calif orman Aviary and ils hiDiatcs. 2 Rufous-lailed Grass Finches (Batliilda rujicaiida). 2 Black Siskins (Chrysoniitris alrata). 2 Red-eared Bulbuls (Otocompsa jocasa). 1 Paradise Whydah ( c? ) (Sfeganura paradisca). 1 Pin-tailed Whydah {(^) (Vidua principalis). 2 Crimson Finches (N eochmia phaeton). 2 Arkansas Goldfinches (Asiraga}inu..\Ki:n.s : I purchased two pairs of these birds last Spring from a dealer who had just ,^ot a shipment of about 100. Every bird was in spick and span condition, a most unustial tiling' for newly arrived birds of this species. Both males have been anxious to mate for some time, and are con- tinually making- love to the hens, but these have so far remained indifferent to their advances. When Java Nonpareils first arrive they seem to eat nothini;' but paddy lice. Mine have now forsaken that almost, if not quite, entirely for hulled oatts. Grasstinches. Rainbow Buntings : These live almost wholly on paddy and fruit. They are very fond of mealworms too. and soon yet quite tame and fearless. T have had many of these birds and find that it is useless to buy them unless they are in full colour, as they never seem to get it in captivity. Beautiful though they undoubtedly are, they are very shy and retiring in an aviary, only leaving" the thickest part of the shrubbery to drink, bathe or eat. 76 A Californian Aviary ami its Iniiiatcs. Varied Buntings : I found two males amoni;- a lot of Nonpareils that had just come into a dealer's, but have never been able to procure a hen. When first turned into the aviary these birds fought with one another like two little g'ame cocks but soon settled down, and are now quite well disposel. They are beautiful birds, their purplish plumai^e becoming' iridescent in the sun. BiCHENo's P'iNCiiES, Diamond Sparrows, and (iouldians all reared young successfully last Fall, as did Shaft-tail and Masked Finches. All are nice lively birds in an aviary with the exception of the Gouldians, who, I think, have only their bright colours to recommend them. To my mind a Zebra Finch is a much better aviary bird. Red-sidep Tits : These lairds are called Japanese Tumblers by the dealers, and are very active and interesting in an aviary. I have seen one of them split the stone of a cherry, hammering' it with its bill. Mine never tried to make a nest, but no other bird in the place could go into a nest-box without one or other of the tits immediately going' to investigate. They were inveterate egg stealers, if they did nothing worse, and in spite of their entertaining ways I determined to get rid of them. Red-eared Bulbuls : These built a nest and reared two lots of young last summer, but all the young died just after leaving the nest, for what reason I could never discover, for the weather was warm, and the old birds were plentifully supplied with Hve insects. PiN-TAiLED Whydah : Tliis was the disturbing element of the whole collection; not that he ever hurt a bird himself, but as long as he was in colour he kept the small birds in the aviary in a constant state of panic, diving among them simply for the pleasure of frightening them, as far as I could jtulge. All his spare time was spent in this occupation, and c\entually 1 had to get rid of him. Black Siskins : These were brought by a friend from Peru, and were the first T had ever seen. They are uniform black in colour with canary yellow primaries. The underside of the wings is of the same shade of yellow, so that either in Bird Notes Drairn hy Mrs^ A. M. Croh F.Z.S. Ived-sided Tit. {Sittiparus xiehnldi.) A Calif ornian Aviary and its Inmates. yj repose or in flight they are strikingly handsome birds. I do not know the sex of my pair. l)tit a lady who got a single bird from the same friend told me that hers mated with a hen canary. Two young' were reared but did not differ in any marked way from an ordinary canarv. My birds feed entirely on ordinary rape seed, and though they eat sparingly of lettuce, I have never seen them touch any of the grass, oats, or other wild seeds. Crimson Fi.xches : About nine pairs were imported last summer, and I secured one pair, now, to the best of my belief, the only survivors of the shipment. The male looked a little out of sorts when he arrived, but completely recovered in a few days, and ever since the pair have been in the pink of condition, though no attempt has been made at nesting'. After all the unpleasant tales I had read of the behaviour of these birds I was very diffident about turning them loose where they could do so much harm were they so inclined, but I was agreeably surprised to find them perfectly docile, and to this day neither of them have a sing'le bad mark to their debit. In addition they are very beautiful birds and always look trim and neat. Luzon Quail: I know no other name for these birds than this, which is what the dealer called them. They come from tlie Philippines, and are the smallest quail I ever saw, being about the size of a redwing. They soon become very tame, as do all birds that are fond of mealworms ,and have not the usual quail vice of dashing against the wire. Indeed mine never fly at all. They have never made any attempt at nesting, happy though they seem to be. Their principal food is yellow millet and as many mealworms as they can get. Virginian Rail: I consider this a great ornament to the aviary, as he is always in the foreground, generally round the fountain. Though not brightly coloured he is a \'ery handsome bird, about the size of a waterhen with a similar habit of flirting his tail. His general colour is olive brown. When I first got him he did not seem inclined to eat, but on throwing a few mealworms into the fountain basin I saw him eat them readily, since then he lives on the insectile mixture and mealworms. yS Rcconis uj Hirds Zi'liicli. have bred in Capiiirty. British Birds : All do well out here. Neither the moult nor the heat of summer seem to trouble them much. True, none of mine have made any attempt at breeding, but 1 hope with a more careful [)airiny when 1 can get some more birds, to have success in this direction too. Since stocking this aviary with the ab(nc list of birds 1 have not lost a single bird either directly or indirectly through fighting, nor have any sustained injuries. Uf course small quarrels occur now and then, but these are never serious, and all 1 can say is that if all human families lived together as sociably as my bird family does, the world would be a much happier place. To be continued. ■<-¥^^ Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. Bv E. lioPKiNSON, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. l'"or incaning uf abbreviations fide paycs 58-59 (last vol.j. ( t oiitiiiiicd from pugc Oj). CACATUIDAE. 272.— GREATER SULPHUR-CRESTED COCKATOO Caca/na L^alcriia. Whitely. 1915., in partial lilx'rty. See B.N., 1916, 102. Abroad. 1st Dulitz f Russ. " in ijerlin in 1883"' fA.G.B. ii. 142. Hybrids. X Greater Sulphur-crested (Roseate Cockatoo). 273.— LEADBEATER'S COCKATOO. C laidbcatai. W.T.P. Johnstone, 1901. A. S. Medal. A.M. vii. 191. Zoo, 1900, 1907. -<>- 274.— BARE-EYED COCKATOO. C. gy)nnopis. Zoo, 1907. o Records of Birds zvhich have bred in Captii'ilv. 79 275.— ROSEATE COCKATOO C. roseicapilla. HVBIUDS. ROSEATE COCKATOO x GREATliR SULPHUR-CRESTED C. W.T.P. 276.— COCKATIEL. Calops'ttaais iiovac—hoUaudiac. W.T.P. CommonI_v bred. Abroad. 1st Leuckfeld fRuss. PSITTACIDAE. 277.— BLUE & YELLOW MACAW Ara ararauna. Abroad. Laiuoiiroux in Erance in 1818. /A.G.B. ii. 132. 278.— RED & BLUE MACAW. A. macao. Hybrids. RED & BLUE MACAW x MILITARY MACAW. W.T.P. C. Abroad. 4 hybrid Macaws in the Zoo, 1901. .4. viacao and A. niillturis. bred at Milan. See P.Z.S., 1901, p. 2. 279.— MILITARY MACAW 1 iiiili/uris. HviJKIDS. See above. 280.— ILLIGER'S MACAW. .4. maracana. Abroad, ist Erenzel fRuss. But Butler quotes Russ to tlie effect that " a pair belonging to Dr. Frenzel bred one young one, which however only survived a few days." A.G.B. ii. 154. -<^ 281.— YELLOW CONURE. Cointnis s-olstitialis. Abroad, ist Cerville. fRuss. In Rouen in i8Sj fA.G.B. ii. 156. 282.— YELLOW-HEADED CONURE C. jcudaya. W.T.P. A successful breeding record ni Notes 011 diiicbircls. ii. 17^. f^ G B ii. 157. 8o Records of H'lrds wliicli hare bred in Capt'ivit\. HVISRIDS. YiaXOW-HEADKD COXURl-: x i;K( )\V.\-TIIK()ATI".I) CONURE. W.T.I". X (iOl.DI'l.X CROWNED CONURE. W.T.P. <^ 283.— BLACK-HEADED CONURE c unudux. W.T.P. At loa.^l once in England, k-str Sctli Sniilli, (juolL-d liy llutlcr. (A.G.B. ii- 157)- Recently by Brook, 1916. See A.M. 1917. 38. Abroad. 1st Cornely. fRus.s. <> 284.— GREEN CONURE. C. Icitcophlhahuus. Abroad. 1st (iabriac, te.'^te Lenz. tRuss. -<>- 285.— CACTUS CONURE. C . cactorum. Lovcll Keays, [914. See B.N. 1915 Jan. inset, p. 17, and A.M. 1915, 41. C^ 286.— BROWN-THROATED CONURE C. acnigiiiosus. W.T.P. 1st. Williams, 1908. A.S. Medal. See A.M. n.s., vi. 30J. EIybrids. X Brown-throated i Yellow-headed Conure). 287.— BROWN-EARED CONURE C. ocularis. Shore Baily, 1915. See B.X., 1915, J()5, 306. C 288.— GOLDEN-CROWNED CONURE C. aureus. W.T.P. C Abroad. 1st Wenzel fRi-'f^s- Hybrids. X Golden-crowned (Yellow-headed Conurej. 289. — CAROLINA CONURE. Cainiropsis caroliiieiisis. Abroad. W .i'.r. C. isl Russ t-f^>-'^^- " ''^^^ '-*'-'^"" '-"''-'*J li'^ely in Ger- many," fA.G. 13. ii. 161. Rrconis of Birds a'liirh liai'c bred in Copfi'i'ify. 8i 290.— SLIGHT-BILLED PARRAKEET. II ciiicoonatlnis lcptorliyncIiiis. Abroad. Ulaauvv in Molland, 1913. See A.M. (3). v. -;4. He reports another success in U)i6, see A.M., 1917, f)b. 291.— WHITE-EARED CONURE I'yrrlmra Icitotis. W.T.P. Brook, igoft. A. S. Medal. A. M. n.s., v. 59. Was bred in London in 18S5, fA.G.B. Abroad. J'.ntler quotes Russ to the effect that this Coniu-e was bred in 1889 in X'ienna In- Prince Frederick of Saxe-('ioth;i. (A.G.B. ii. 163). 292.— QUAKER PARRAKEET. Mynpsittaciis mouachus. W.T.P. " Dr. firecnc in Parrots in L apti^'ity records ihc >ucct'ssfnl rearinj; of two broods." fSetli Smith. Zoo. 1905, 1906. " easily bred " fKuss. <> ■ [293.— LINEOLATED PARRAKEET. Hulborliynclius lineolatus. One young one bred liy Miss Baker in 191J, but it was drowned whei si.\ weeks old. (I'.X. 1913, 309).] 294.— PASSERINE PARRAKEET. J< I'sittaciili passcrina. W.T.P. Cressweil, 1S95. 'I'iie young lived 3 months. See .\..M. ii. 744. A recent success, I.ovell Keays. 1914. .See B.N. 1914, 143. Aljroad. 1st Russ tRuss. "■ easily bred " iRuss. ^ 295.— ALL-GREEN PARRAKEET. Hrotogcrys tirica. W.T.P. Lovell Kea\s, 1914. See B.N. 1915, Jan. inset, p. 17. .Abroad. W.T.P. C. ist Hintz. i8.S_>. tRuss. 296.— TOVI PARRAKEET B. jiigularis. Abroad. W.T.P. C. < st Greiner and Schmaltz. -j-Russ. " Not infrequently . . . bred by German aviculturists," fA.G.B., ii. 169. 297.— BLUE-FRONTED AMAZON. Anmcoua acsfha. Hybrids. See the next. § or '' Blue-winged Lovebird," S2 The Terror by Night. 298.— WHITE-FRONTED AMAZON I. Icucnccf^hnhi. 1 hiiKI l)S, W'lirrivl'RONTF.D AMAZON x lU.UI'M'RC )NTI':i) AMAZON. AIh-cxkI. W.T.P. C. At Karlsnilu- in 18S5. fA.G.r.. ii. 181. <^ [299.— BAHAMA AMAZON .1 hahanioists. One li.itclu-d willi I'.ohIkiU' in i()i)(). )iut il died. tA.d.i'.. ii. iSi.] 300. — GREY PARROT. I'sitlacns crylhaciis. I'irsl lircd at i\irc;dl in iS4_^. (Zoologist, vol. ii. 1844). l"(n- lliis i>Ui.Trstint;' record ( ? llie only one in tlic I.'. K.I. sec A.M. 1917, 55- Abroad. Succc-^sfully bred by Herr TM-itz Lolze in 1900. tA.ri.P). ii. 192 and earlier, 1 lln'nk. l.)y Mrs. Reid in Madeira. IC.ll. Rowlev in liis Ornilliogical Miscellany (i. 165), writes : " Iluffon says that a pair in confinement bred and hatched their youn"- for a series of five or six vears. Later observation has not confirmed this remarkable circumstance." To be coni'inued. -^SM^>- The Terror by Night. By B. Theo. Stewart. It was a very old house datinj;- back to the 14th century. Inside there were secret hidinsii' places built into the wall ; a room in one of the chinuieys, and a secret passai^e or duntjeon. as the villat^'ers called it, right underneath the pleasant sunny sitting- room, and visitors marvelled when, on opening an innocent- looking cupboard, a yawning cavern, approached l)y unsafe steps, confronted them. The old house was haunted, needless to say, but whether the " vibrations " everywhere were of a soothing or disturbing" nature troubled us not one whit. And in that sunny sitting room, in a larg^e closely wired cage, dwelt some happy little birds — Bengali, Nuns, Spice Birds and tiny Waxbills. They sang and they danced, a joy to them- selves, and dear to the tender heart of their owner. The Terror by Night. 83 A wonderful talkin,q- Red-breasted Cockatoo in his g-ilded cas^e adorned one window, and in tlie other a maHg-nant-eyed Conure watched the world throu.^h his prison bars. But the little birds took life as it came, and fottnd it good, until one fatal night when an evil presence made itself felt. An awful something that came and went, leaving behind it desola- tion and dread, and the manner of its visitation was in this way. The night had passed as other nights; no sound had come from the birdroom to disturb any wakeful ears. The morning sun peeped in at the tiny casement windows : the Cockatoo swung in his swing: the Conure screamed a welcome. All seeiued the same, and yet over all there hung a cloud of fear. Something had passed that way and we were on unholy ground ! We came to the happy home of the little birds who dwelt in harmony together, but the tiny sweet waxbills, the dear grave nuns, the merry Spice Birds — what had happened to them? Here the Blight had fallen. One had disappeared without leaving a feather of destiny behind him. Another was dying where he lay: a third had given a leg to Moloch; another — but why continue ? There was not a trace of the horrible thing that had caused this woe; not a wire displaced; not a mark on the sand. Rats? No rat could have gained entrance through that strong close-meshed wire ; not a hole or a crevice through which he could have passed to his murderous work. Xo rat had done this evil deed. Traps were set that night, baited by a cunning hand. Poison laid down — all in vain. ()ne by one the birds disappeared, leaving no trace behind. Night after night we waited and watched, but on those occasions the horror that we called " it " never appeared. Hour after hour I lay awake and " waited for a footstep and listened for a word," but beyond the low muttering voice of the Conure, who conversed at unholy times with the powers of darkness, T heard nothing. Was it the Conure I heard? Looking back T wonder! In despair we shut up there our 84 Tlir Terror by Night. cliam]iion rat catcher, a cat who feared notliing that ran in fur, and whose strenL^tli was as tlie strength of ten, and for the first time we slept in peace. In the morning down w^e went, with hope tliat fiew beside. Again tlie sun pom^ed in at the window's ; again the cloud of fear: again the sense of mystery the spirit daimted. I )o\vn from the top of the big cage sprang the cat. yawning from her long night's vigil, and — she had failed! Against that unholy foe she could do nothing; it had been again. T^ook on that empty cage'.!. vSo it went on. A something that came and went, now here, now there, intangible and horril)le: a l)lood-thirsty some- thing that had no shape or sound. One night I started from my uneasy sleep with every nerve on edge: every hair erect, the blood freezing in its flow. Wliat was it I had heard ? That most horrible of all sounds— a creature's death scream. Thin, shrill and awful it rang out on the night air as if it was loth to cease, and died away in a choking whistle, and all was as silent as l)efore, only the leaves rustled in the breeze. Another little feathered soul passed that dreadful night; " (^ne little gasp, his luiiverse had perished." The nameless horror had come upon him l)ut this time the body of the victim was left behind. A tiny puncture only showed where the life blood had been drained dry. The terror by night had slaked its thirst ; had taken at long last the dearest and best. Nemesis was appeased and the dreadful shadow was lifted. l^rinciple of evil! Principle of evil! Bird or beast or reptile, in whatever shape it visited this earth, it had passed. Sun of ncj man, \vrapi:)e(l in mystery, behind a veil blood red ! ■^^M^ So})ic Notes 0)1 Kccf'iiig Farrakccts. 85 Some Notes on Keeping Parraheets. Bv The Marquis of Tavistock. (Continued from page 54). PSEPHOTUS PARRAKEETS. Parrakeets belonging to this sub-family of the platyccr- cine group should be treated, in the main, like the larger broadtails; they do well on the same kind of food, and resemble them in disposition. Pireeding pairs are quarrelsome and must always be kept separate, but unpaired cocks and hens will live together in harmony. I'scphutus Parrakeets are even more intolerant of Tcry close confinement than the Rosella and its allies, and to keep them in small cages for more than a few months is to be guilty of very reprehensible cruelty; at the same time they do not reqtiire a great amount of room, and will live happily in aviaries and flight cages of quite modest dimen- sions if kept supjilied with baths, fresh branches, and green food. The I'scphoti are naturally double-brooded; the different species interbreed readily, and crosses have occasionally been produced with I'latxccrcus f'arralcccts. Young birds breed when 12 months old. The sexes are totally unlike in plumage, the hens being very quietly coloured. At liberty Pscphoti stay well and nest freely, but they can only be left out in summer, as in winter they fall an easy prey to owls. The cock should always be released alone in the first instance, and his mate nnist be kept in full view all the time. A few days later the hen can be allowed to join him. and as long as they are fed and both remain alive, they will never leave their home. If. however, one should meet with an accident, the survivor will invariably .-tray within a few days, and it is abso- lutely necessary either .0 provide a fresh mate at once, or to catch up the single bird. Pscphotus Parrakeets are absolutely innocuous in the matter of noise, their cries being musical and not loud enough to offend the most sensitive ear. As pets they are much more gentle and affectionate than Platxccrci. Rkd-rump Parrakfokt (PscphotHs haciiiatouotus). The commonest member of the family, and annually bred in some numbers in captivity. Young have occasionally been 86 Sume Notes on Keeping Parrakeets. reared in large cage;?, but some wing exercise is absolutely indispensable if the birds are to be healthy and fertile. When properly acclimatized, Red-rumps can stand any amount of cold, but newly imported birds and those in rough plumage are very sensitive to low temperatm-es. Great care must be taken never to introduce the germ of septic fever into an aviary occupied by Redrumps. They contract the disease on the slightest provocation, and of course always die. In spite of the small size of their beaks, Redrumps are active and success- ful fighters, and are able to kill birds apparently much better armed. A pair of Jvedrumps in breeding condition usually master a pair of Rosellas, though the latter are nearly a third larger. Young cock Redrumps can be distinguished from hens from the time they leave the nest, but at first they have only a few red feathers on the back, and the green ]iarts of their plumage are much tinged with brown. M.ANY-coLouRED Parr.\kekt ( Pscphoius iintliicolor). Everything which has been said of the Red-rump applies equally to this species, but it is not quite so free a breeder in captivity. The female may be easily distinguished by her brownish upper plumage and red (not yellow) wing bar. Young birds can be sexed at an early age. Like the Redrumi) the Many-colour is highly sensitive to septic fever infection, and is, moreover, prone to contract " bird plague " and other septicaemias on the very slightest pro- vocation. The most thorough disinfection of the aviaries is usually of tio avail, and anyone who loses a Many-colour from septicaemia had better give up the species so long as he remains in that place. Provided, however, the detestable microbes are absent. Many-colours are perfectly easy to keep for years. Hooded Parrakeet ( Pscphoius cuciiUatus). This lovely bird and its near ally, the true Golden shouldered Parrakeet (Pssphotus chrysopterygius) are not so hardy as the two species just mentioned. If an attempt be Some Notes on Keeping Parrakeets. 87 made to winter tlieni out of doors, tlie aviary shelter should be provided with a door so tliat the birds can be shut in at night and during- bad weather. \'oung- birds should also be shut up at night during their hrst moult, even though this usually takes place in the sunuuer. When turned into a new aviary. Hooded Parrakeets may elect to roost clinging to the wire netting in the most draughty and exposed situations, and as a result may be picked u]) dead the following morning from inflannuation of the lungs. To guard against this distressing habit it is advisable to shut them into their shelter for the first few days, providing a snug" roosting place close under the roof. .Special shelter may also be arranged in the outside flight, and be sure and make a point of seeing where the birds go to bed the first few nights, if you would avoid disaster. With the exception of the Emu, tlie Hooded Parrakeet is the most unaccommolating of Australian birds in the matter of adjusting itself to our seasons. They wiU go to nest in ( )ctober, and if you let tliem do so out-of-doors, nine out of ten hens will die egg-bound ;the tenth will probably die of pneti- monia when she begins to roost outside the nest as her family get big, e^-en if she survives, the family are likely to succumb to the November frosts and fogs. If, on the other hand, you take the bird into a heated room, they will receive a check after living in the fresh air and sunshine, and lay nothing but clear eggs or refuse to lay at all. The best plan is to be patient, hardening your heart, and removing the nest-boxes in autumn when the cock is beginning to feed his mate, and leaving them for the birds to use only between April 15th and September ist. In the end, if you are lucky, you will get a nest in early May or late August. Young birds in first plumage can hardly be sexed with certainty, though the cocks are always a shade bluer on cheeks or breast. Adult plumage is assumed at the first moult without the previous appearance of any stray black, yellow or blue feathers comparable to the red feathers which begin to show on a young Pennant's back during his first winter. Among a lot of newly imported young Hooded it is common to see some -.vhich, while apparently healthy or in 88 Payiridgcs and Quails of yorfh A»icyica. i4"oo(l 1)0(1\' featlier. liave defective jM'imaries and cannot tly. Never buy such Itird^, for, while tliey nia\' h\e a year or more, they will never do any i^ood, and ultimately, in spite of every care, will lose every fearher they possess; they .are not feather pluckers, hut are simply lackini^' in \-itality like indired hudt^'eri g"ars with " h^rench moult." I'arrish's chemical food and cod- liver oil in the drinking' water is the only remedy to try, and il is not likely to prove of much avail. Hooded I'arrakeets are fond of .i^reen oats and seedini; i^rass, and will also eat the Inuls of hawthorn, etc., durin,!L;" the winter; they do not care much for fruit. Ourino" the breeding' season the cock becomes as spiteful as a Ivedrump, but. l)eing' a small l)ird, he is not able to master as many of his neighbours as his bigger cousin. Hooded Parrakeets now and again fall victims to septi- caen.ia, but they are nothing like so sensitive as Many-colours, and chills are the only ailments they commonly suffer from. For successful breeding results a good-sized aviary is desirable of the same dimensions as 1 have recommended for large l)roadtaiIs. 7\) he continued. -0>-K^ Partridges and Quails of North America. Bv J P. GOYTINO. All the Partridges and Ouails indigenous to the I'nited States of America can be classified in the following" g'enera : T CdHinis or Hob White Quail. 2 Oreorty.v or Plumed Partridge. 3 I.ophortyx or Helmet Quail. 4 Callipcphi or Shell Quail. 5 rv''/'"'\'r or I larlequin Quail. Partridges and Quails of North America. 89 1.— CO LI X US. Tlie (Juail. niosl known all oxer the I'nited States, is indubitably the Bob White — the name Ijeini^ ononiatopceic of its call-note. It belongs to the genus iOliiiits. a word latinized from the hrench " Colin " of I'uffon and other naturalists, and which is i^robabl)- derived from the Mexican name of Colino. It comprises several species and sub-species, differing very little between them, differences wliich, in my opinion, are more climatological than constitiuional or organical. All the Colinus are monogamous, and go in small iiocks called " coveys " formed exclusively from the members of one family or " packs " if in large flocks. Iliey are terrestrial, and nest on the ground, laying numerous white or speckled eggs. Chieflv granivorous, they also eat fruits, insects, buds, and are non- migratory. The different species of Colinus are : (i) The \'ir(;ixi.\x Boh White (Colinus virginianus). which is the most known of the genus. (j) I'liE I'lorida Bob White (Colinus virginianus- iJoridaiius ) which is quite similar to the Virginian form, and resembles also a great deal the Cuban Ouail (Colinus euhan- oisis). The Florida Quail i> found only in the Lower Mississipi \'alley and Florida. (3) The Tex.\s Bor. WnriK fColijius z'irginianus texanus) inhabits not only Texas, but goes north as far as Kansas and south into Mexico. It differs very little from the Virginian prototype. ll.~OREORTYX. The Oreortyx or Plumed Partridge is the largest and handsomest of the Quail family in the U.S. His head is adorned with an arrowy crest of two slender keeled plumes, 3-4 inches long in 0, shorter in 9. The MouxT.ATx I'artridge (Oreortyx fietus ) is certainly a beautiful Californian bird, living in the mountainous parts ol' the Pacilic Coast region, going- north as far as Washington, and 90 Partridges and Quails of North America. even to the Vancouver Islands (British CoUmibiaj, where it has been lately introduced and thorou,L;hly acclimatised. There is something" of a (h^ouse m the shape of this J'artridge; even its egg's are a miniature of the Ruffled (Irouse, only smaller. 'J'he San Pedro Mountain Ouail (Oreortyx pictus con- finis) differs only in colour from the 0 . pictus, and, being found exclusively in the San ]*edro Mountains of Lower California, must be classed as a Alexican bird. in.— LOFIIORTVX. The Lophortyx or Helmet Quail is a bird with an elegant crest recurved helmet-wise. There are several species in that genus differing, as in the Coliiius, by the colour of tlie plumage only. The California Valley Quail (Lophortyx californica) is known now all over the world, and has been introduced and intensively propagated on the large landed estates of England, France and Germany, as it is considered a splendid game bird. Though monogamous, it is also apt to be polygamous, as has been proven by the experiments conducted at the California State. Game Farm at Hayward. The Superintendent, I am told, used to mate one male to hve or six females with very g"ood results. But in the open country 1 have always found the Valley Quail monogamous; captivity may probably thwart their natural proclivity, or may be the contact with civilization has obliterated, at least partially, their praiseworthy hdelity. In California, his native land, this Quail l)reeds quite early in March, laying, on the ground, _'o or 30 eggs. The incubation lasts 23 days, and the young develop very quickly, and are full grown at three months old. To raise successfully Californian X'alley Quails in captivity animal food is of ]')rime necessity. The eggs are generally incubated by Bantam hens or Japanese Silkies, and the young- chicks fed. for the first two or three weeks, on millet, canary seed, and dried weevils imported from China. I prefer them to ants' eggs, pretty hard to get here, and by all means to the gentles or maggots, as they are clean and odourless, except for Partridges and Quails of North Ajncrica. 91 a sui generis Chinese smell, and will not produce any ptomaine poisoning-. Green grass is also relished by the young as well as by the older Quails, and is a necessity instead of a luxury. California Valley Quails born in March, April or May will breed the following spring, and when raised in captivity are exceed- ingly tame, though subject, however, to a gastro-intestinal disease, which is dreaded by all the breeders, as it exterminates entire flocks inside of a few days. There is no known preventive for this epidemic. The (iAMBEL OuML ( Lopliortyx ganibeli), also known as the Desert Quail or /\rizona Quail, closely resembles in form the California \'alley Quail, but differs a great deal in plumage, which is ceitainly prettier and brighter in the (iambel. IY.~CALLIPEFLA. The Callipepla or Shell Quail has the general character- istics of the Lophortyx with a short, full, soft crest, nothing- comparable to the elegant helmet-plumes or pompons of the precedent genus. The Scaled Quail (Callipcpla sqiiamata), called also the Blue Quail, is found in Western Texas. Xew Mexico and Arizona, and south far into Mexico. It breeds fronv March to September, and is exclusively a desert Cjuail. inhabiting the most arid, cactus-ridden regions, often far from water, some- times keeping company with the (iambel Quail. The Chestnut-bellied Scaled Quail (Callipcpla sqiiamata castanogastris) is also called the Brewster Quail. Concerning- his scientific name our distinguished American ornithologist, Elliott Cones, says justly " a preferable form of the name of that Quail would be eastaiieiz-eiitris or castaiicivcti- tcr as in the British Museum catalogue. i^'93. p. 396. 'iliis sub-species of the Scaled Quail is found in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, and southward in the lowlands of north-easterii Mexico, as far as San Luis Potosi. v.- -CVRTONYX. The Cyrtonyx or Harlecjuin Quail is so named on account 92 Buuk Notices and Rcvieivs. of the pkiina.ye of the head of the male hein.y curiously striped and the under parts oceilated. The Montezuma Quail (Cyrionyx nwiifcciiniaj is named after the Emperor of Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquest under Fernando Cortez, early in the i6tli century. It is also called the Black Quail, and scjnietimes the Massena Quail, and also the Fool Quail on account of being so easily killed, that the hunters recognize its innocence by that uncomplimentary name, It's a bird of woodlands, inhabiting western Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, and southward far into the interior of Mexico. It is found quite often at an altitude of 9,000 feet, feeding on a certain bulbous root, nesting on the ground, and laying no more than a dozen of pure white eggs. Happily it does not pack in large coveys, otherwise it would have been exterminated long ago, considering its foolishness and the silly short-sightness of the pot-hunters; two fools pitted one against the other ! <»X> Booh Notices and Reviews. A Practical Handbook 01- Bknisir Birds: 'Hiis valuable work is published by Messrs. Witherby and Co., 326 High Holborn. London. W'.C. i., and F. Hartert, Annie C. Jackson. Rev. F. C. R. jourdain, C. Oldham. X. Ticehurst and the Editor are the authors responsible for stated sections. With 18 coloured plates and numerous text tigures, in 18 montliK- parts, 4s. net per part. Parts I. and II. now ready. Part I. has been sent us for review, and we have no hesitation in describing it as a veritable multiim in parvo. valuable alike to the field naturalist, country rambler, scientific ornithologist, and bird-keeper. In fact no student of British bird-life can afford to be without it. While being fully compre- hensive {exhaustive) it is concise, and the information so tabulated as to be of easy reference. Full up-to-date information is gi\en under the following headings : Description. — Adult jnale and fejiiale — IVinfer and suninier plumages— Xestling — Juvenile — First Zi'inter and summer — Book Notices and Rcviczvs. 93 Measurements and structure Soft f>arts—Cu.\ii.\cvv.\i> AND ALLIED FORMS — HvHRIDS — Fll-XD-CHARACTKRS — BrKKDIXC. HABITS — Food — Distribution : England and Wales, Scothnid — Migrations — Distribhtion : Abroad. I'art 1. contains: Inlroductory Note — Glossary of Terms — Scale of millimetres and inches, with diaj^rams showing- methods of measurement, and a fig', showing- the topographs of a bird. --Key to the Orders.— Famti,v CORl'lDAi — Va^i STfRNID.E—F.\M. ORIOLIDjJi—Vam. rRINGILUDA' commenced. Also a beautiful coloured i)late showing- the juvenile plumages of L. Redpoll, Siskin, Hawi'mch, IJrit. (lold tinch, and Cireenfn-ich. The better to indicate the valuable character of the work we reproduce the account of the Golden Oriole in full. '• 0 RIO LI'S ORIOLUS. 13. Oriolus uriohis oriolus (L.)— THE GOLDEX ORIOLE. CORACIAS ORIOIA'S Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. x. i. p. (1758— Europe, Asia. Restricted typical locality : Sweden). Oriolus galbiila Linnaeus, Yarrcll. L. p. 2,^3, Saunders, p. I-15. Description.- /!(/;/// )]ialc. Winter. — Lores black; rest of body-plumage bright golden-yellow, g-enerally with few (occasionally good many) feathers of mantle and scapulars and few under wing-co\erts and upper tail-coverts slightly marked black: tail veUety black tinged yellow at base, central pair narrowly tipped yellow, rest with distal half or third yellow; primaries velvety-black, tipped yellowish-white, iimer webs fringed grey and outer webs of 3rd to 5th fring:ed on distal half; secondaries velvety-black with broader yellowish-white tips; primary coverts velvety-black with broad pale yellow tips forming- distinct yellow patch; greater, medium and lesser coverts velvety-black, innermost partially yellow. This plum- ag-e is acquired by complete moult in autumn. Summer. — Xo moult, and no noticeable change by abrasion. Adult Female. IVinter and Summer. — Crown, ear-coverts, sides of neck, mantle, scapulars, and back g-olden-g;reen ; rump and upi)er tail-coverts greenish-yellow; lores greyish-black; throat and upper breast ashy-grey, faintly streaked with dark brown; lower breast and belly yellowish-white, more boldy streaked; under tail-coverts, axillaries, and under wing-coverts 94 Bonk Notices and Rcvicivs. lirii^lit \cll')\\ : tail as in male but browner, stroni^iy tiiii^'ed yellow and with snialler yellow ti])s; primaries and secondaries brown, edited and tii)])ed witli greyish-white, and inner second- aries tinj^ed .L';reen ; primary coverts black-brown, tipped pale yellow : iL^reater and medium coverts brown, tins^ed g'reen ; lesser rather darker brown and more distinctly tipped S'l'een. N.B. — ( )ccasi()nally females are }-ellow on under parts, lii^'htly streaked brownish-.^reen. .and with crown and nun]) bright s^reenish- yellow. Ncstliiii:;. — (not examined). Jiii'oiilc. — .Much as adult fen.ale but feathers of crown mantle. Ijack, and winiJ-coverts with pale yellow tips, under- parts with browner and less distinct streaks, under tail-coverts paler yellow. J'irsf W'bitcv and SiiDiuicr. Male. — Upper parts as in adult female btit rather more yellow ; throat ashy-grey, tinged yellow; upper-breast yellowish-green, faintly streaked brown; lower-breast, belly, and flanks yellow, faintly streaked on flanks and sides brown; tail l)rowner-l)lack than in adult male and with rather smaller yellow tii)s; wings more like adult female but rather darker and with less green tinge, and wing- coverts with pale tips. The juvenile body-|)lumage is moulted in autumn but a])parently not wing- and tail-feathers and wing-coverts. N.B. — vSome males like adults but more greenish on upper-parts and with light greenish streaks on under-parts and less glossy black wings and tail may be second-winter birds They are like the \ery bright females noted above. First li'iiitcr and Suiuiucr. Female. — Like adult female but ui)per-parts more olive — less golden-green; ear-coverts brownish: breast and belly less yellowish and more stronglv streaked black-i)rown ; wing-coverts distinctly tipped greenish- yellow. M casiircniciits and structure. — c? wing 150-161 m.m.. tail 77-85, tarsus 21-24. '^il^ fi'om feathers 22-26 (12 measured). 9 wing 146-157. Primaries: ist al)out double primarv-coverts and about half (or less), 2nd, 3rd longest, 2nd 8-12 m.m. shorter. 4th 1-6 shorter, 5th 14-23 shorter; 3rd and 4th clearly emargin-. ated outer webs. Longest secondary equals loth primary. Tail Hook Notices and Reviews. 95 almost square, slightly rounded laterally. Bill wide at base, tapering" to point; slightly hooked. A few rictal bristles. Soft-parts. — Bill dark pink (young ^ browner); legs and feet dark slate; iris dark crimson (young ? dark brownj. Characters and allied forms. — In 0 . o. kuiidoo (India. Turkestan) male has patch of black behind eyes, primary-coverts and tail feathers (except central pair) mostly yellow with only bases black ; female has more yellow under parts, more yellow on primary-coverts and tail, and greener secondaries and wing- coverts. Field-characters. — Frequently uttered, loud and very melodious whistle (" wiel-a-wo ") of male generally first indication of presence; curious harsh growling" noises to be heard at close quarters. Makes short flight, when disturbed, to nearest tree, in which it disappears. Male very skulking", and practically invisible in tree just coming" into leaf, but during" flight bold black and golden-yellow plumage very conspicuous. Females and young males look greenish and are hard to see. (F.C.R.J.). Breeding-habits. — Breeds by preference in parks, old wooded gardens and small plantations, building its remarkable nest in angle of two horizontal boughs at various heights from the ground. Nest. — Slung like a hammock, but attached firmly to boughs on both, sides, built of grass stalks, sedges, strips of bark, wool, etc., lined flowery grass-heads and frequently con- taining" bits of paper woven into it. Eggs. — 4, sometimes 5, very rarely six; white or creamy ground-colour, with a few purpHsh-black spots, each with slight penumbra, and mostly near big end. Average of 100 eggs, 30.8 x 21.3 m.m. Breeding Season. — Generally late May or early June, rarely as early as mid-May, but earlier in Spain. Incubation. — Lasts about 14-15 days; male relieves female in middle of day (Naumann). One brood. Food. — Insects in spring, but much fruit in autumn. Coleoptera (especially cockchafers) and larvae of lepidoptera, diptcra, orthoptera (grasshoppers), and hemiptera; also spiders and small mollusca, cherries and mulberries, also currants, grapes and figs. Distribution. — England and Wales. — Spring-visitor (arriving end of April to mid-May). Annual in very small numbers to south-east and south-west England- irregular 96 Correspondence. elsewhere, but has occurred most countries. Has nested Norfolk. Suffolk. Essex. Northants, Herts, Surrey, Devon, and especially Kent, while other records are not authenticated. Scotland .~A few occurrences, mostly in scjuth ; one Shetlands one Orkneys, and noted Fair Isle spring and Autumn IQ08. and May 1909, and s]:)ring 191 3. Ireland. — Rare casual spring and sunnner-visitor .most frequent Kerry. Cork. VVaterford. and Down. I )isiRiHuri()\.— , 1 broad. — Kurope generally. except Norway. Sweden north of 63 degrees, and J\ussia north of 60 degrees, to Mediterranean, and in north-west Africa; eastward to l"ian-Shan and Altai, and replaced by allied form in India and Turkestan. In winter in tropical and southern Africa and Madagascar." We commend this work to our readers as being the last word on British Birds, and it should {nnist) haxe a place on the book-shelves of every student, lover, and keei)er of our English avifauna. Correspondence. E.\RLY APPEARANCl': Ol-" WOOD WARt'.LKR. SiK, — It may he of interest to rciiort that T saw a Wood Warhler on March i^tli, wlien at \a])sl)ury. near St. Alhaiis. Surely this is unusually early ? 19, Westbourne Terrace, W. j. (DR.) X. S. LUCAS. March i8th. 1919. CAN WE DEVELOP THE SOCL\L SIDF, OF AVICULTURE? ETC. Sir, — I have often wondered if there are any amonq- our members unable to t^et away for a holiday because of their birds — I have been in this position — if so, I would be willino- to take charge of anyone's aviary if they would ])a\' travelling expenses and supply board and lodging, during June. July or August, and would carefully carry out an\- directions given — I mav sa\ 1 have a f.iir knowledge of birds. Canncjt our Club be i.ade more soci;il ? Or are the members too apathetic? I find many people would like to go awav for a holiday, but do not know where to go, especialK if one is bv oneself. It would be nice if club nieniber.s would be willing to Jind a decent lodging for ansone {I do not mean in their own homes), and be willing to show their aviaries and exchange ideas, etc. ; it would make ;i pleas.mt holiday and prol)ablv increase enthusiasm. A LADY MEMBER. [Our correspondence section is open for an ex])ression of opinion on this, or any otlier avicultural topic. — Ed.] Errata. Page 45, line u, for " as admir.ably," read 7i.'i;.v adiiiinihlw Page 47, line u. for " Excalfactoria," read Lofy/iorty.v. I'agX' 47, line 27, for " contain the nest," read canta'Dicd the iicst. ;■-■'"*• ^.'^^ ■■■»" •,.• .^ ^P --.ir..-: " i^-'- '"^ ^ ^ l^i-v^z-i ':?^^>>«.^ AllRiglits Reserved. May, 1919. BIRD NOTES: THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Some Notes on Keeping Parraheets. By The Marquis of Tavistock. (Continued from page 88). SOME RELATIVES OF THE BROADTAIL FAMILY OF PARRAKEETS. More or less closely allied to the typical family of Platycerci are a number of Parrakeets. most of them rare in captivity, and possessing" certain peculiarities of their own. I will only mention those of which I have had practical experience. Bluf.-bonnet (Nortliiclla hacinafogaster). Two races of this bird exist which were formerly considered separate species. Typical specimens of the northern red-vented form, which is by far the handsomer, have a large maroon patch on the wings, and red feathers under the tail. The sexes are much alike, but the female has a smaller red patch on the belly. Bluebonnets should be fed and treated like the typical broadtails ; they are extremely active birds, and pine away if kept in small cages. They are not free breeders and success is only likely to be attained in a good sized aviary. They are extremely hardy as regards cold, and adults in good plumage can often be turned out of doors in winter when newly imported — treatment which is very rarely advisable with Parrakeets. On the other hand no bird, not even the Many- colour, is more sensitive to septic fever and bird plague, and newly imported Bluebonnets should be carefully quarantined for 8 weeks, even if they seem in perfect health on arrival. Bluebonnets are exceedingly vicious with all other birds, and only single hens should be trusted in mixed company of any 98 Sojnc Notes on kccf'ing Parrakccis. kind. The species is an unsatisfactory one at liberty, although it seems able to protect itself from owls in s])ite of its rather small size. The majority are inveterate strayers. but now and a.g'ain yon may chance on a pair who scarcely t^o 500 yards from their home. A new mate turned out with an established bird frequently takes it away at once, which seldom or never happens in the case of a Pennant or Rosella. 1 should advise anyone experimenting' with B]uel)onnets at liberty to keep the pair a long" time in an aviary to begin with and then to release the cock, when very hungry, near his mate and food, and. when he is thoroug'hly used to the place, to allow the hen to join him when slie. too. is pretty sharp set ]>Jkd-capped or Ptleated Parrakeet (Porphyrocephahis spur'ms). The two outstanding- characateristics of this bird are its excessive nervousness and its liability to chills. It is, however, possible, with care, to harden it off so that it can be safely wintered out of doors, but woe betide the aviculturist who attempts to keep it in a slightly warmed birdroom or in an enclosure which is the least bit draughty. Tn spite of its extreme timidity the Red-capped Parrakeet is quite ready to breed in an aviary; it requires plenty of flying" exercise, as. if caged durin.g the winter, the egg's are sure to prove clear. The seed mixture should be the same as that given to ordinary Broadtails, and plenty of fruit — apples, and grape«= — as well as green-food — should be supplied. Young birds have a green cap. and the whole plumage much duller than tliat of the adult. Hens vary a good deal in colour. Some remain almost. as dingy as immature birds all their lives; others are brighter, but none have the clear red cap of the old male, a few green feathers being always mingled with the red. Red-capped Parrakeets are rather restless and meddle- some when kept with other birds, but not particularly murder- ous, except during the breeding season; they are usually mastered by Rosellas, etc. Judging from very limited experi- ence I should say they would behave well at liberty. Some Notes on keeping Parrakects. 99 Nkw Zealand Red-fronted Parrakeet (Cyanorhamphus noi'ae-Zaalcnd'uic) . In the day^ when this bird was freely imported it bore the reputation of beins^ hardy, amiable and prolific. Mine did well on the ordinary diet of seed and green food, and were less intolerant of cage life than the true broadtails. At one time I had two cocks and a hen. One cock quarelled so badly with the latter that I had to remove him ; the other killed her in a large aviary and nearly murdered some other Parrakects as well — so T cannot say I have found the species either amiable or prolifi -J Uv-EAX Parrakeet (Nyvjphka uvcrensis). This bird shares with its relraive tlie. Horned Parrake':;t < [/ . corniita) ,the reputation of being one of the most difficult of all the parrot family to keej) alivrj in captivity. I obtained five in good condition seme time ago; they did well as long as tiiey were kepi in cages in a warm birdroom. but as soon as I turned them into a nice aviary in lovely summer weather they died one af<:er the oth'. i afcer a few days' illness. The post mortem revealed only extreme anaemia and brittleness of the bones. \ had been told ihat tlie .secret of success with Nyniphica was no hemp and plenty of fresh air. Mine died in the fresh air, and throve in the stuffv room, and some had had no hemp before they fell ill. Later I obtained another Uvsean which had come over in tlie same lot and was in bad plumage on arrival. It had been kept in a cage and fed on the usual seed mixture (including hemp), plus maize, peanuts, fruit and green-food. It is still alive and well, though it has never been out of doors. It is quite a tame bird, not unpleasantly noisy, nor as vicious as a tame broadtail. A male Uvaean has also lived for many years in a cage at the Zoo and survived the meagre and monotonous diet to which misplaced economy condemned the animals long before the days of war and rations. The sexes are much alike; the female, presumably, has a smaller head and beak. Bourke's Parrakeet (Neopscphotus bourkci). This lovely little bird, now approaching extinction, closely resembles the Grass Parrakects in its habits, and should be 100 Some Notes on keeping Parrakects. treated in nuicli tlie same way- Tlie diet should consist ot millet, spray millet, canary, henij). and i^rass seed. Chickweed and other i^^reen food may be offered, but the Boiirke is usually well content with dry seed alone. The sexes are very difficult to distinguish; some cocks have a blue frontal band. Imt many have none and are only to be told from liens by being a shade pinker and more richly coloured. Eourkes will breed freely in a good-sized aviary, but not in a small one; breeding pairs are best kept separate when nesting, as they are apt to fight and pluck each other's young, and I have even known one cock to kill another. The nest barrels should only be put up in the summer months, when two broods mav be reared in succession: winter breeding is risky and not to be recommended. Bourke's possess one great drawback ■ they have an inveterate habit, particularly when young, of killing themselves by flying against wire netting; consequently the roof and sides of their flight must be protected by an inner lining of string netting, or, if other birds are kept with them, by fine twiggy branches instead. They are somewhat sensitive to septic fever in fection, and also to necrosis, but with proper care and cleanliness are not difficult to keep in good health. During the winter Bourkes should be kept shut up at night and on cold days, but they do not need artificial heat as a rule. They do not agree very well with other small Parrakeets, but are generally safe with finches. Their cry is a gentle, musical twitter. GRASS PARRAKEETS. A family of beautiful little birds, all of which are threat- ened with extinction, two species having apparently alread^^ vanished. They should be fed on millet, canary, grass seed and hemp, with plenty of green-food and apple if they will eat it They should be treated in most respects like Bourke's Parrakeet, and they have the same unlucky propensity for killing them- selves against wire. They are highly sensitive to septic fever but seldom suffer from other ailments — except chills. Wagtails at Roost. loi Blue-winged Grass Parrakeet fNconaiwdcs chrysostonius > The sexes are rather difficult to distinguish, but the cock has a large and brighter frontal band. Blue- wings will nest in a large cage, but the exercise and sunshine of an outdoor aviary (of the size recommended for Rosellas. etc., or a little smaller), are necessary if young are to be hatched and reared. Young birds are best taken indoors for their first winter, and old ones should be shut up at night and in bad weather. Blue- wings are usually safe with finches, as, indeed, are all the Grass Parrakeets. and I am inclined to think they would not damage growing shrubs. Rock Grass Parrakeets (Nconanodes petrophilus). Should be fed and treated like the preceding species. It requires artificial heat in winter. Elegant Grass Parrakeet ( Nconanodes elegans). Should be fed and treated like the Bluewing. The sexual difference is similar. To be continued. ^f4-0 Wagtails at Roost (30th March, 1919). Bv Hugh Whistler,. I. P., F.Z.S.,etc. Close to the railway bridge of Chund Barwana, near Jhang over the Chenab river in the western Punjab, there is r- small pool situated within the railway wires. This pool is about 30 yards long, and 10 yards broad, and one end is much choked with tall bullrushes which also extend as a narrow fringe along each side. The pool is situated in the broken ground caused by the excavation of the railway embankment. Being rather deep, it never dries up, even in the severest drought. The course of my winter touring recently brought me to Chund, so one evening I wandered down to the pool to see what might be found there of interest. Previous experience had shown me that the reeds of the pool were a fa^•ourite roosting place for Water Pipits (Ant hits blakistotii) and Reed Buntings (Emberka schoeniclus), and I was anxious to see 102 tVagtails at Roost. whether any of these birds were still about. Also I thoUL^ht it extremely probable that W'aj^triils niii;ht come here to roost, as the previous days of my tour had shown me that large numbers of Wagtails were about on migration. On hrst arrival at the pool things did not look verv propitious; a careful beating of the reeds produced nothing more interesting than a casual Wren-warbler (Prinia Icpida), and the single Kingfisher (Halcyon smyrncnsis), and the little (ireen Bee-eaters (M crops I'iridis), which were working for their living round the margins, might have been seen anywhere else. Several pairs of Pied Bush-Chats (Pratincola caprata), a number of Red-breasted Flycatchers (Muscicapa parva) on migration, a small party or two of Red Avadavats (Sporacgiuthus aiuandava), and a single Blue-throat (Luscinia succica) completed the a\'ifauna of the broken ground. How ever, diligent search revealed the presence of two or three individuals of an interesting bird in a row of Shisham trees tha bordered the line. This was that little known species of Willow Wren (Phylloscopus indlcits) which passes through in small numbers on the spring migration. As the sun began to set I observed a few Wagtails flying ower head, and proceeding to investigate where some had settled found with them a flock of Tree-Pipits (Anthus trivialis^, also birds of the spring passage. Wagtails now commenced to arrive in small parties which circled round over the neigh- boiu-hood of the pool, hesitating and calHng, now flying high, now lowering as if to settle, but changing their minds and rising again to their former height. As the dusk fell this continued until there was a cloud of several hundred Wagtails circling over head and crossing in every direction, while a constant stream of individuals kept dropping headlong from the cloud and settling in the rushes; occasional panics seemed to seize upon the birds already settled, as batches of them would rise hastily from the cover and join the ever circling cloud. The soft fluttering of their wings made a pleasant sound amongst the reeds, and the constant twittering of individuals combined to make a well sustained song. ^'et, in spite of their apparent timidity, the birds were bold enough, for I walked into the open close to the rushes, and whilst many birds flew away, others sat A Californian Aviary. 103 looking' at nie from a distance of a few yards only, or swooped from the sky to settle close beside me. i was in need of a few specimens of Wagtails, so lired a couple of shots with a 410 bore at birds on the reeds, but the reports did not unsettle more than a portion of such birds as had taken up their places. The majority of the birds appear to prefer as a sleeping" place positions low down in the reed tangles about a foot or two from the surface of the water. It was now growing too dark to pick out individual species satisfactorily, so 1 lett the pool in peace for the birds to settle for the night. Under the circumstances described above it was, of course, quite impossible to be sure to what species the majority of the birds belonged, and many of the birds were in nondescript types of plumage, only to be identified with much study in the cabinet. The following species were, however, common: — the White Wagtail (Motacilla alba), the Grey-headed Wagtail (Motacilla borcalisj, Syke's Blue-headed Wagtail (Motacilla bccniaj. and the Vellow-headed Wagtail {Motacilla citrcolaj. 1 also identified the Masked Wagtail (Motacilla personata) and the Black-headed Wagtail (Motacilla feldcggi). Hodgson's Vellow-headed Wagtail (Motacilla citrcoloidcsj may easily have been present too, as 1 had secured a specimen on the previous day about five miles away. The Water Pipits and Keed Buntings were, however, conspicuous by their absence, •and had doubtless already left for their breeding grounds, though there had been a few of the former species about some marshes in the previous week. C-f><> A Californian Aviary and its Inmates. By T. F. M. Williamson. Concluded from page /S. In the other aviary I have the following : 2 Virginia Cardinals ( Cartliiialis card'nutlis). 2 Chinese Bulbuls (Pyciioiiotits si)iciislsj. 2 East India Grosbeaks. I Crested Myiiah {(S ) ( Acridotlicrcs cristatcUns), 104 -^ Californian Aviary. I Malabar Starling (cj') (I'oliopsiir nmlabarica). I Brazilian Hangnest (Icterus jamaicii). 1 Spectacled Thrush Trochalopterum ca)wnim). 2 English Thrushes (Turdtts musicus). 2 English Blackbirds (c?) (Mernia incrula). 2 English Skylarks (Alauda an'oisis). 2 Bob Whiles (Orlyx 7'irginiaints). 1 do not know that 1 have many remarks of interest to make about these birds. They are fed on insectile mixture, fruit, lettuce and mealworms. There are a good many Thrushes and Blackbirds in captivity here, but none except my own seem to sing. Mine all do, beginning in the late Fall and continuing through Sprang, well into Summer. Perhaps this is because I try to supply them with two or three snails each every day whenever I can get them, and their surroundings in the aviary are as natural as I could make them. The larks have seed as well as the food mentioned above, and the cock sings beautifully all through the summer. He sings either on the ground or from a perch, but I never knew him to sing while in flight. They started on a nest last May but never finished it. The Blackbirds are both males — I have been unable to obtain a hen so far — but live in perfect harmony. At the time of writing both are in perfect condition and very tame, taking mealworms from my fingers. None of the thrushes have ever lost their timidity, and are as wnld as when I first got them. The cock sings at his best when it is raining gently, and on a thoroughly wet day never seems to tire. The Hangnest is a ruffian, and passes a good deal of his time looking longingly at the small birds in the adjoining aviary, but he is lively and tame and cheeky, and the company he is in prevents him from becoming over confident. None of them fear him in the least. I once saw the Skylarks give him a good trouncing for some act of his which had not met with their approval. I should be slow however, in recommending him as an aviary bird, as I feel sure he has great power as well as inclin- ation for mischief should the slightest opportunity arise. The Endurance of Birds. 10$ I lost a hen Bob White last fall, much to my sorrow, as she was very tame, and I was sure she would nest this Spring. Another hen was got immediately, but the cock does not seem to pay the same attention to her as he did to his first mate, though his attitude towards her may improve when the breeding- season comes round. 1 have kept a number of quail of various sorts from time to time and it has always seemed to me that the hens are more difficult to keep in captivity than their mates. I wonder if others have had the same experience, and what the reason can be. My Bob Whites are fed principally on wild seeds winnowed out of thrashed grain, and the female I lost looked well up to the day of her death. -<>^"f<>- The Endurance of Birds. By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., etc. (Continued from page jp). Sharp-tailed Finch (Uroloncha acnticauda) : This mannikin used to be quite common on the bird market, but of late years has only appeared infrequently. It is quite a handsome mannikin, not showy in colour, but its garment of ruddy and blackish-brown, brown, and white is quite striking, and very prettily contrasted. It is a native of India, and is gregarious, feeds principallv upon the ground, and as they occur in large flocks are very destructive in the rice fields. In India the nesting season lasts from June to December. The nest is spherical, constructed of grasses and leaves; it is compact and bulky. It is placed in scrub and small trees, both at high and low elevations. The clutch numbers 5 or 6 white eggs. I have found them hardy and enduring, but a shy breeder, though it has been bred on several occasions. The treatment required is similar to that already given for Spice and Bengalese finches, which it also resembles in general deportment, characteristics, and habits in the aviary. Striated Finch (U. striata) : A closely allied species lo6 The Endurance of Birds. and is almost identical in habits deportment, etc., with the preceding- species. It is one of the most familiar finches of India, and fre- quents inhabited and cultivated districts, breeding- nearly the whole year round. The nest, nesting economy, and eggs, are similar to those of V . acuticaiida. It has been fairly often bred in this country, and also is quite ready to mate and nest with other species of this group, when a mate of its own kind is not available. As regards its life and deportment in the aviary, this is identical with that of the preceding species, and need not be repeated here. It is a pretty aiid desirable species for a mixed series. Yellow-ruaiped Finch (Mitnia flavipryiniia) : Similar in form and colour (different arrangement thoughj to the Chestnut-breasted Finch, and is equally handsome. With the exception of two fairly large consignments it has not been largely imported, and lias only been known to aviculture for about ten years. Its habits and deportment, both in its native wilds (Australia) and in the aviary, are so similar to those of the Chestnut-breasted Finch, wdiich has already been dealt with in this series, that it w^ould be a waste of space to repeat them. Though not a free breeder in captivity several avicultur- ists have successfully bred it. I have wintered this species out of doors without ditiiculty, and consider it a most desirable aviary bird. Its great beauty is seen to great advantage in a naturally planted aviary and its charming colour arrangement makes it a conspicuous object in the aviary. Zebra I""inch (Tacniopygia casta iiotis). This charming and well known Australian finch is the most prolific of imported hnches. it will adapt itself to any kind of nest receptacle, or construct a domed nest in a bush, shrub or twiggy branch. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 107 While it is perfectly hardy and can Ije wintered out of doors with impunity, the hens need watching in the spring, especially if it be a cold one and nesting operations are com- menced, or there will be losses from egg-binding. Their treatment is of the simplest description, they thrive on the usual seed menu, and many broods are reared on this alone, but they are the better for, when feeding young, insectile mixture and a few live insects. Though, in pre-war times, almost despised by many because of their connnonness and cheapness, nevertheless, they are also deservedly sought after Iw many, as it is not only one of the most entertaining among all imported species, but also one of the best, if not the best, aviary bird. One could yarn on indefinitely and interestingly of this wee plebeian among birds, but it is too well known to call for this, and I will reserve space for rarer species, as this series is getting inordinately lengthy. To be continued. -<^^-K^ Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. By E. Hopkinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. For meaning- of abbreviations z'idc pages 58-59 (last vol.) (Cinthiucd from page S2). 301.— RED-SIDED ECLECTUS Eclcctus pcctoralis W.T.P. 1st Drummond, 1912. F.B.C. Medal. B.N. 1912, ^li^. c> 302.— GRAND ECLECTUS £ romtus. W.T.P. Abroad, ist Frenzel jRuss, in iSSi lA.G.B. Hybrids. GRAND ECLECTUS x CERAM ECLECTUS. Abroad. Hieronymus in 1888. fA.G.B., quoting Ibis. 1890. p. 20. The young were first considered true-bred roratus. 0 303.— CERAM ECLECTUS. Hybrids. See preceding entry. io8 Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 304.— ALEXANDRINE PARRAKEET. Palacornis nepalcnsis. Shore Uail}', 1915. See L!.N. 1916, J5. <> 305.— CINGALESE PARRAKEET. /'. ciipalrhi. Abroad, ist, Cliristcnsen fRuss. 306.— GREAT-BILLED ANDAMAN PARRAKEET P. wagnirostris. W.T.P. 1st llouglilon Lcigli, 1906. A.S. Medal. Sec A.M. n.s. iv. 536. <^ 307.— RING-NECKED PARRAKEET /' torquatus. W.T.P. Porter, 1900. A. M. viii. 4b. fA.G.B. ii. 201. Abroad, ist, Wigand. jRuss. Hybrids. X Ring-necked Parrakeet (Ro?e-ringed Parraktetj. ^ 308.— ROSE-RINGED PARRAKEET. P. docUis. Hybrids. ROSE-RINGED x RING-NECKED PARRAKEET. W.T.P. • ^ 309.— BLOSSOM-HEADED PARRAKEET. /'. cyanoccphala. W.T.P.'s entry " I'.ciigal Parrakeet {P. bengalensis) " probably refers to this species. (E.H.). Abroad, ist, Russ jRuss. in 1872. jA.G.B. <> 310.— BURMESE BLOSSOM HE AD /'. rusa. W.T.P. Bred in 1894, fA.G.B. Abroad, ist, Russ fRuss. A [311.— MALABAR PARRAKEET P. pcristerodcs. Lovell Keays almost succeeded in ICI15; one young one hatched, which died by violence when a fortnight old. See A.M. 1916, 267.] ^ 312.— MOUSTACHE OR BANDED PARRAKEET P. /asciala. W.T.P. The Moustache I'arrakeet appears in Page's list with the note " vide Banded Parrakeet," but the latter is conspicuous by its absence. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. 109 313._BARRABAND'S PARRAKEET. Pulytclis barrabandi. W.T.P. 1st, Farrar. A.S. Medal, 1900. See A.M. vi. 217. Hybrids. BARRABAND'S x BLACK-TAIL1':D PARRAKEET. Al)road. ist, Kohler tRuss. X Barraband's (King Parrot). X liarraband's (P)lack-tailed Parrakcet). 0^ 314.— BLACK-TAILED PARRAKEET P. mcUuiura. W.T.P. Johnstone, 1903. fA.G.B. ii. 209. Hybrids. IM.ACK-TAILED PARRAKl^ET x BARRABAND'S PARRAKEET. W.T.P. X AEliXAXDRA PARRAKE?:T W.T.P. X lilack-tailed Parrakcct (Barraliand's). X r.lack-tailed Parrnkeet (Alexandra Parrakeet). 0 315.— ALEXANDRA PARRAKEET. S path opt cms alcxandrae. W.T.P. 1st, A.siley, 1912. A.S. and E.B.C. Medals. See A.M. (3), \\\. 243, and B.N. 1912, 338. Hybrids. ALEXANDRA x BLACK-TAlLb:D I'ARRAKEET. W.T.P. X Alexandra Parrakeet (Blaek-tailed ParrakeetJ. C^ 316.— CRIMSONWrNG PARRAKEET. Ptistes crythroptcrus. W.T.P. Morshtad, 1901. A.M. viii. 34. fA.G.B. ii. 210. Abroad, ist Seybold, jRuss. And bred in France in 1880. See A.M., vol. iii. Hybrids. X Crimsonwing (King Parrot). A 317. — KING PARROT. Aprosinictus cyanopygius. W.T.P. Abroad, ist Kohler, -iRuss. And bred in France in 1880. See A.M., vol. iii. Hybrids. KING PARROT x BARRABAND'S PARRAKEET. W.T.P. X CRIMSONWING. W^T.P. I TO Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity 318.— MADAGASCAR LOVEBIRD. .\i^af>onns cana. W.T.P.. Bred by Wiener and olliers fA.(;.l'.. ii. 214. Abroad, ist Riiss fRuss. " easily 1)red " f Russ. -^ 319.— PEACH-FACED LOVEBIRD. A. roseicollis. W.T.P. Cooksedge. See A.M. v. igo. Zoo, 1909. Abroad. Tst Brehni, -Russ. " easily bred," fRuss. <> 320.— BLACKCHEECKED LOVEBIRD A. nigrii^enis. W.T.P. 1st Phillipps, jr)o8. See A.M. (2) vi. 317. Fairly frequently since. [321.— RED-FACED LOVEBIRD. A. pnllaria. Porter records (A.M. (2) ii. 350) the hatching of two young, which died after leaving the rest.] 0 322.— PENNANT'S PARRAKEET. Platycercus elegans. W.T.P. Success recorded in the Re;iort of the U. K. Foreigti Cage-bird Society, January, 1892. Fairly frequently bred, see A.M. v. 190. Abroad. 1st Baselle jRuss. Hybrids. PENNANT X ROSELLA. W.T.P. The so-called Red-mantled Parrakeet {P. erythropephis). Some were advertised in P>.N., 1912, at £3 los. each. ri.NNANT X YELLOW-COLLARED PARRAKEET. W.T.P. X Pennant (Adelaide Parrakeet). <> 323.— ADELAIDE PARRAKEET. P. adelaidae. W.T.P. 1st, Fasey. A.S. Medal, 1907. A.M., n.s. vi. 342. Hybrids. ADELAIDE PARRAKEET x PENNANT. W.T.P. — ♦ 324.— YELLOW-BELLIED PARRAKEET. P. flaviventris. Abroad, ist, Cornely 'Russ in 1882 /A.G.B. ii. 222. Hybrids. X Yellow-bellied Parrakeet (Yellow-collared Parrakeet). Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity. iii 325.— YELLOW RUMPED PARRAKEET. P. fiavcoUts. W.T.P. ist, Fascy, 1904. A.S. Medal. See A.M. 11. s. ii. 353. Hybrids. vi':]j.()\v-RUMPi^.D parrak1':et x rosi-:lla. w.t.p. -^ 326.— MEALY ROSELLA P. pallidlccps. W.T.P. Sergeant (l)efore 18951 i'<-"cords succe.s.'^. A.M. i. 124. C. P. Arlluir, 1899, Xotcs on Cage Birds, ii. p. 183. Abroad, i.-^t, von Croy, jRiiss. " easily bred " tR"ss. Hybrids. X Mealy Rosella (Rosella). X Mealy Rosella (Redriimp). -<>- 327.— ROSELLA. P. cximiiis. W.T.P. Frequently bred. A.G.E. ii. 224. Abroad, ist, Sack fRuss. " easily bred " fRuss. Hybrids. ROSELLA X MEALY ROSELLA. W.T.P. X REDRUMP. W.T.P. X YELLOW-COLLARED PARRAKEET. W.T.P. X Rosella (Pennant). X Rosella (Redrump). X Rosella (Stanley Parrakeet). X Rosella t^Yellow-rumped Parrakeet). <^ 328.— STANLEY PARRAKEET. P. ictcrotis. J. Smith, 1915. See B.N., 1915. 285. Hybrids. STANLEY PARRAKEET x ROSELLA. W.T.P. 329. — RED-CAPPED PARRAKEET. PorpJiyrocephalus spurius. W.T.P. To be continued. 112 A Country Garden. A Country Garden. By. F. R. Reprinted from " The Australasian," with thanks to the Author and Editor. — Cutting per J . Hume. — Ed., B.N. I have several times noticed that one of the best places to look for birds is a country garden, especially a garden that is surrounded by trees. There are. of course, two very obvious reasons why this should be so. In the first place, as the soil is continually being disturbed, there is a wealth of grub and insect life available as food, while the trees themselves furnish a fair quota of grubs and insects. Then there is the attraction of the fruit itself. It is, therefore, not at all surprising that birds which are almost unknown in the immediately-surrounding district should be quite common in a good garden. Usually, too, the owners of these gardens, even if not actively interested in the birds themselves, are at any rate not hostile to them; and the majority of gardeners now understand that most of the birds are of valuable assistance to them. I know one of these large gardens which has for its feath- ered inhabitants a singular mixture of imported and native birds, l^ealing with the former first, there are scores of Goldfinches, which nest freely right amongst the fruit-trees. A fruit-tree is a favourite nesting-place with the Goldfinch, whose nest is usually placed so low in the tree that it can often be reached from the ground. It is, however, often also so cleverly concealed as not to be visil)le until autumn strips the leaves from the tree Starlings also are very common, and so far they have not touched the fruit, contenting themselves with the teeming grub- life. As there are no available hollows, they do not nest in the garden. There are several pairs of Blackbirds, which are verv rare in the district. The Blackbirds are breeding slowly. The^ nest in the garden, and are very shy. Though they take toll of the fruit, they are not molested, as their numbers are small. There are. also, several English Thrushes, which do not inter- fere with the fruit. Both the Thrush and the Blackbird are welcomed on account of their melody. Sparrows, of course, are numerous, and are, decidedly, not welcomed. A Country Garden. 113 First in importance amongst the native birds in the garden is our own Harmonious, or Orey. Thrush, which is represented by four or tive pairs. It is altogether unobjectionable^ as it is a keen insect-hunter, and does not trouble the fruit. The Silver-eye. or White-eye, is conunon: and, as is the case generally, is given a hostile reception. There is, of course, no denying that, in the off season, the Silver-eye is a grub-eater; but, when the fruit is ripe, and ripening, he plays the mischief with it. So that the orchardist everywhere declares war against him . The grub-loving Grallina, or Magpie-Lark, is .1 common frequenter of the garden, and is always welcomed. In the autumn and \\ inter there are always a few of both the Flame- breasted and Scarlet-breasted Robins, and everybody is pleased to see them, and is sorry when — as the weather gets warm— - they take their departure. Just about when the robins leave the cuckoos arrive — the l:)ronze and the fantail — and their calling is looked u])on as one of the signs of spring. The pretty little Yellow-nnnped Tit — the Tom-tit of school boys — is very' common, and it is in its nest that the Bronze Cuckoo usually places its egg. This habit of the Bronze Cuckoo is the reason why this tit is not much more plentiful that it is, as probably .1 third of the tits spend the breeding season bringing up young cuckoos instead of young tits. Still, there are a good few of the covered nests of the tits that manage to escape the sharp eyes of the cuckoo, and so the tit continues plentiful in the garden. There are, of course, many Blue Wrens ; and in the spring the magnificent cobalt of the male, as he darts about amongst his harem of homely-dressed females, gives a brilliant note of an unusual colour to the garden. The Blue Wren is very fond of gardens, and even the smallest of cottage plots will usually be found to be the home of a family of them. The common Ground-lark — the one that " shows the white feather " when it flies — is not a garden bird. It loves the open, breezy country. Yet, occasionally, one is seen on the outskirts of the garden though it never stays long, and seems to feel out of place. It is the same with the pretty little White-fronted Chat, or Ring- neck, which is another bird of the plains or open country. In the early spring the freshly-turned earth brings both magpie 114 A Country Garden. and k()f)k-al)un-,-is. wlio become very bold or confiding", taking the .L^rubs rdniost from tlie s])a(le of tlie gardener. Last sprin?:^ a pair of the Brown 'J'its were seen, l)nt tliev (hd not stay long" and quite recently a solitary P)ronze-\\ iiil; IMi^eon has been noticed. It has made its home in a clump of old /'inns insignis. and looks as if it were going to stay. In the svmuner a few parrots appear, chiefly Rosellas, though occasionally a pair of Grass Parrakeets haunt the ])lace. In flower and Idossom time. August and September, honey-eaters are conmion. Several pairs of the common White-naped Money-eater ha\"e been seen, while there are almost always a few of both the \'ellow-faced and \\'hite-eared. The commonest of all. the W'hite-ijlunied. or Cireenie. is always about. The honey-eaters are not interfered with of course, as they are. if not particularly useful, at any rate, harmless. The familiar Black-and-White Fantail — or willie wagtail — is com- mon, and is. as usual, the most privileged inhabitant of the garden. Tamest of many tame birds, he hardly troubles to get out of your road, and may be seen flipping about the lawn almost amongst the croquet-players, or perched on the .gardener's wheel-barrow the moment the handles are dro])ped. His rarely seen cousin, the restless Fly-catcher, with his peculiar grinding" note, has been observed once — for several days — catching" flies at a furious rate. Then he vanished, probably to look for a mate. Even at night-time there is much life in the garden. It is hardly dusk before the bats come out of the ivy and hawk for insects amongst the fruit-trees. And. before it is quite dark, the Brown, or Boobook Owl is on the "wing, snapping up stray sparrows. Afterwards the lovely delicate owl flits noiselessly about, pouncing upon mice, or beating out .i starling or two from the hedges. And. occasionally, the weird scream of the powerful owl is heard, though the bird itself is very seldom seen. Im-oui a thick group of huge pines quite a little army of opossums, both ring-tail and grey, descend upon the garden at night. There is open and continued warfare waged upon the opossum family, who w^ork havoc amongst the fruit and vegetables. There are no eucalyptus trees about, so that the opossums depend solely on the garden for subsistence; Bditorial. ' 115 and tliey wax fat on the apples, and the cabbages and cauli- flowers. 1 have had consideraljle experience of opossums, and 1 have come to the conclusion that they prefer a ripe apple to any other food. I have known them to raid a house in search of this delicacy. Therefore, a variety of snares are set for them; but. in spite of the fact that there is always a skin or two drying" on, if not gracing, the stable-door, the ranks of the opossums do not appear to be materially thinned. Occasionally a fox is found in otte of the traps, and the gardener avers that he, too comes after the fruit. I'm, in s])ite of the scriptural references to the little foxes that spoil the vines, I prefer to believe that it is feathers that he is in search of. \'ery few of the birds I have named interfere with the flowers or fruit. Curiously enough, the worst offender is the magpie, who seems to take an impish delight in pulling delicate plants to pieces. I have seen rare and handsome palms com- pletely spoiled bv magpies, who were using the fragments for nesting purposes. So ])ersistent were they that the gun had at last to be used on them. W ~t: X Correspondence. 117 had perished, and was much relieved at their turning up again on the Tuesday. The Whitethroat came on May 7th, about his usual date, whilst my favourite songster, the Blackcap, put in an appearance on the loth, which is a day later than I have ever noticed him betore. Flycatchers have l>een here for some little time, but I did not note the day of their arrival. Hazeleigh Rectory, Maldon, May 14th, 1919. (Rev.) G. II. RAYNOR. <^ SPRING ARRIVALS AT NEW MILFORD, HANTS. Sir,- — So far I have noted the following this spring : April 7. Heard Chiff-chaff. 17. Saw a Swallow .probably Chimney Swallow) about 5 o'clock in the afternoon, and several more later. Heard Cuckoo in the evening ,, 18. Heard Willow Warbler. May 3. Heard Wryneck. ,, 5. Heard Nightingale, also Whitethroat. ,, 7. Saw a House Martin, think I overlooked it, as I have an idea it had arrived a day or so previously. Also heard and saw Lesser Whitethroat, and heard what appeared to be a Nightjar very faintly. ,, 8. I heard what appeared to be a Swift in the evening. ,, 9. Heard the Grasshopper Warbler near Holmesley Station in the New Forest, also another warbler, which, I think, was a Reed Warbler. New Milford, Hants, May lUh, 1919. J. WEIR. <^ INCREASE OF SUBSCRIPTION, ETC. Sir, — As a member of the Club, I just wish to say that I think we all recognise the necessity for raising the subscription. We all know we have to pay more for every magazine and book we buy, and we cannot expect to get Bird Notes at pre-war price. Also, I agree with a " lady member's " letter. Personally, I have made several friends through the Club ; some of them I have never seen and only know by correspondence, generally started by the exchange of birds. Our members are very scattered, and perhaps it is a little difficult to develop on the social side, but perhaps something might be done on the lines indicated in the letter. (Mrs.) ALICE CHATTERTON Sir, — I notice that this month's Bird Notes speaks of an increase in the subscription, which I will duly forward. It is the safest and justest wav ii8 Correspondence. of UK'olini^- lli-j (Iclicil aiul iiUTe-ascd charLjcs, and all t>li(iuld approve. May 5tli, 1919. (iMiss) MARY CiI':RRARD. CURIOUS yVfTACJ-JAll'-NT BETWEI'.N COCK PAKRAKEETS. SiK, — Tile followiiiy ralluT cni-ious attaclmu'iit helwccn two cock l^rds niav l)c worth publisliing in " 15. i\'.'' Lasl summer I had a pair of African Ring-neck Parrakeets (Palaeoruis docilis) and a pair of .\lexandrines 1 1', alcxandra ). The Ring-necks and cock Alexandrine had complete liberty, the hen .Alexandrine being kept in an aviary on tiie top of which the other birds were fed. During the winter the hen Ring-neck strayed and was lost, and the cock, who had always been on good terms with the Alexandrine, became more friendly with In'm tha ; ever after the loss of his mate. The two were always together and often used to marcli round and round one another, making remarks expressive of mutual affection and esteem. In l"'ebrnary 1 shut the Alexandrine up with the hen. At first he was miserable at the loss of his liberty and the com- panionship of Ins haclielor friend, while the King-neck was equally unhappy, and spent all his time trying to gei into the aviary. In time, however, the Alexandrine became suflicientiv reconciled to respond to his mate and feed her, but he remained on equally cordial terms with the cock Rhig-neck, and they fed one another through the wire netting. Some weeks ago I obtained another mate for the Ring-neck. He did not take to her for some time, but ultimatelv, when she canic in.to lireeding condition, he consented to set up housekeeping with her in a dead tiee. He still, however, remains faithful to the Alexandrine and feeds him in his spare tii.ie The two hens consider their husband's behaviour very silly, and the Alexandrine often cuts short t!ie Ring-neck's demonstrations by biting his toes. It is not unconmion for two unmated male birds to develop a strong attachment for one another, which may even lead them to refuse female socictv when it is subsequently offered them, lau, 1 have never known such a friend- ship continue when the gentlemen were enjovhig the blessings of married life! April 22nd, 1919. (Tlie Maiquis of) TAVISTOCK. -<>- BUDCERIGARS A\D Tlll':iR OLOUR V.\R1ETIES. Siu, — I am one of the no\iee-n:en'i)ers, bui iiossibl\ a few notes of my Budgerigars and how T lirecd them may be of nilerest. Thirst, let me ->;'y how nite'-c.stcd i am m the ccJoin- varieties of this beautiful and interesting ?pecW'S. .At prese^it 1 have (Ireens, Yellows (som^ o; these have blue tails, others have r.earlv wlhie tails and wings'). Olive- Book N of ices and Rcz'icws. 1 19 Greens, which, I think, are at present the only pair in England ; also Apjile- G;'eens. The latter i 'jreil ii 191S and they arc \ ery similar to the Olives — these two varieties are verv nnicii alike, the difference in the Apple-Greens is the yellow areas are nearly white .and the markings .all hut black; the Olives are lightish olive-green, niucli more yellow, and the markings very dark olive-green : their tails .ire much darker blue than the Apple-Greens (I am afraid they are both males), and both varieties are of quite a different shade of colour to the ordinary (ireen species. The Olives, I understand, were bred after many years of experimentation by a French gentleman. I hear Mrs. Ransome has. from her 'Rlue-bred (ireens, wh.it Mr. Marsden terms Apple-green Yellows. Mr. Marsden has at times bred, from his I'lne-bied (ireens. Ajiple-Greens, but of a different shade of green, and much more \ellow th.an mine. I think I'.udgerigars arc the easiest of all birds to breed ; mine are in an outdoor .iviary. and gi\e a minimum of trouble. I alwavs remove the husks from November to April, and T find this gives the birds a chance to moult easier and pick uj) gen.erally after a hard season. When the young leave the husk, or even before if well grown, I take them away and cage them, or the parent birds and others may pluck them, but. as a rule they are most devoted parents to their young, even dying on the nest in the*r defence. [ am trying to buy more IMues. and hope by inter-breeding I'lues, Olives, and Ap])le-( ireens, to get other colour varieties. (Mrs.) M. BURGESS. -J-M^ Booh Notices anci Reviews. A Pr.^cti(al H.wdrook of British Birds : With i8 coloured ]ilates and numerous text figures, in 18 monthly parts. 4s. net per part. Lon.don : W'itherbv and Co., 326 High Holborn. W.C. I. Part II. is now issued, and fully confirms the favourable impression we formed of Part I. This part continues the FRIXCiI LLID^H and covers genera CarducUs, Scrinus, P\rr- luila. Carpodacus. PUiicoJa. Loxia, Friiigilla. Moutify'ingUla Passer, and Embcriza. The text figures are numerous and valuable. There is a good half-tone plate figuring five specie'j of Redpoll, viz: Lesser (Carditelis I. cabaret), Mealy (C. I. linaria), Greenland fC. I. rostrata), Cones's (C. h. exilipes), 120 Book Notices and Reviews. and Hornemann's (C. h. horncmanm). Also an exquisite coloured plate, li^urini;- the heads of lO species of Emberiza, ^ and ? of five species and d only of the others. We re])cat what \ve said in our review of Part I.; this work is a necessity to every observer and student of British Bird life, and is a concise compendium of all that pertains thereto up to the date of issue. y. eq /^ 0; ffi All Rights Reserved. June, 1919. BIRD notes;: THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. 1918 in the Boyers House Aviaries. Bv W Shore Bati.v. The year 1918, althout^ii one that we shall always remember as " \'ictory Year," seems to have been by no means a successful one in our aviaries. Whether the birds have been affected by a loss of vitality, owin"' to the poor quality of their food, as has been the case with many of their owners, or whether the want of fresh blood, through the lack of importa- tions, during- the last four years, has reduced their vigour. I am unable to s;iv, but it seems certain that very few birds were bred in captivity last season. One or two of our members seem to have had reasonable luck. and. T have no doubt our Editor would welcome (very much so. — Ed.) an account of their successes. In these aviaries I have had nothing of interest to record. Ear more birds have perished than were bred. Amongst those that succumbed from illness were : From pneumonia. Severe Macaws. Crimson-ringed Whydah. Orchard Finch, Jackson's Whydah. Argoondah Quail, Sikhim Siskin. 2 Chukar Partridges, and Stanley Parrakeet. From Congestion of the Brain. 2 Masked Doves and a Diamond Dove. In addition to these losses, an invasion of rats, with which I was unable to cope, carried off another 40 to 50 birds, so my aviaries are at the present time (May. 1919), nearly empty. The rat question is a very serious one to all aviculturists. and one which is always liable to crop up in any aviary. T understand our Editor has to face the problem himself jus; 122 wiS in the Boy CVS House Aviaries. now (my losses fully equal those of Air. Shore Baily, and the difficulty is not entirely overcome as yet. — Ed.). My practise is to sink galvanised sheets 2 feet into the j^round all round the aviaries, taking care that the joints at the corners are i)roperlv made. In hard ground this is absolutely effective. Those of my aviaries that were surrounded by cinder paths, taken quite close to the galvanised sheets, were immune from the pests When these paths are not possible great care should be taken to see that the corners of the various enclosures are kept free from undergrowth or rubbish, as it is here that these pest? attempt to break in; if this occurs the only thing to do is to remove the birds at once. I omitted to do this thinking T should be able to get rid of the pests, but although I shot a dozen, poisoned others, and trapped several, I was unsuccessful. The birds that nested here last season were : Rosella Parrakeets (Platycerciis eximius) five young ones beine' fully reared. Stanley Parrakeets (P. icterotis) five young hatched, but not reared. Mexican Quail (Colinus pect oralis), all the young taken by rats. Californian Quail ( Lophortyx calif ornica) several reared, all taken by rats except three. Jungle Quail (Perdicula asiatica) two reared. Bronze-winged Dove (Phaps chalcopicra) two reared. Brush Bronze-winged Dove (P. clegans) one reared. Peaceful Dove (Geopelia tranquilla) six reared. Diamond Dove (G. cuneata) ten reared. Hybrid Necklace Dove (Tiirfur tigriiiiis x T. scnegalensis] eight reared. Japanese Hawfinch (Eophonia inclannra) four hatched, all died Hybrid Chinese Greenfinch ( Jjqnrinus sinica x chrysoniitris spiiioides) six reared. Finch Lark (Pyrrliiilaitda Iciirofis) two hatched, taken by rats. Reed Buntings (EiJibcrica schuoiicliis ) three hatched, taken bv rats. Chukar Partridge (Caccabis cliukar) had eggs, did not hatch. a cq IX, P^ Q Some Notes on Keeping Parrakeets. 123 St. Thomas' Coniire (Co)utn(s pcrtiiiax) had eggs, did not hatch Sikhim Siskin ( Chrysoiiiitris sf^iiiuidcs) had eggs, did not hatch Black Seedfinch (Mclopyrrha nigra) had eggs, did not hatch. Cirl Buntings (Embcnza chins) had eggs, did not hatcli. A very poor record. -<>^-fO- Some Notes on Keeping Parraheets. By The Marquis of Tavistock. (Continued from page loi). pal;eornis parrakeets. The Long-tailed Parrakeets of Asia and Africa are more tolerant of close confinement than the Australian species, and most of them will live quite hapi)ily in a good sized cage, and lay eg'gs in a small aviary; for successful and regular breeding however, fresh air and flying exercise are usually needed. Most, if not all, species f^re normally single-brooded and have an inclination to l)reed very early in the year, a habit to be discour- aged as far as possible when they are kept out of doors. For a considerable part of ihe year the sexes show little or no affection for one anotlier, and the cock leads a somewhat hen-pecked existence. This lack of conjugal affection should be borne in mind when giving lairds their liberty at a time when the sexual instinct is dormant. A male Broadtail will not willingly desert his partner at any season, but a Palaeornis wil! clear off as if glad to be rid of the vi.xen, and anyone who hai witnessed her selfish or bullying conduct w\\\ hardly blame him ! Palc'eornis Parrakeets are uncertain birds when allowed their freedom, and different individuals of the same species may behave in a variety of ways, both sensible and foolish. Some never go more than a few hundred yards from the place where •they were first released; some travel long distances, but possess a good homing instinct and never fail to return ; some stay wel! for months and then wander off for no apparent reason and lose themselves; others go right away the day they are let out. The 124 Some Notes on Keeping Parrakects. l)est plan is to release them hungry, in the early morning, near food and a companion, in a place where they have lived for a long" time. If they should stray they are (juite likely to b<. caught a day or two later in a famishing condition, as they have little idea of foraging for themselves, and an experience of this kind often has a salutary effect on their future behaviour. A bird which has grown attached to a i)articuhir place will sonie- times stay there all its life, even without a companion. Many people will remember 'the cock Ring-neck which frequented a corner of Kensington (iardens for over four years; 1 provided him with a mate some months before his death, and after he was gone she stayed on in the same place until she joined him in a better land. A single Broadtail, on the other hand, always becomes a wanderer. • Palasornis Parrakeets will use an ordinary nest-box or log, but are rather fond of one with a long spout for an entrance. They should be fed on the same seed mixture as Broad- tails, with plenty of fruit, particularly soft fruit, which the> much prefer to green food. Some species become fair talkers, but the larger kinds, wdiich are the most accomplished, are apt to screech. The majority of Palseornis Parrakeets stand cold extremely well once they are properly hardened off, and should be allowed to bathe at all seasons. Paheornis Parrakeets are subject to a beautiful form of albinism in which the green feathers are replaced by canary yellow, the pink alone being retained of the normal plumage. " Lutinos," which are usually females, are quite as hardy and prolific as normally coloured birds, and with patience and good fortune it should be possible to establish a strain in captivity. The sexes of Pal?eornis, when adult, are easily disting uished. but young male birds and females are much alike, and the former, in some cases, are said to remain more than two years in immature plumage. Indian Ring-necked Parrakkf.t (PaJcromis torquaia). A very common and well known bird; the adult male can be easily recognised by his lilac collar and black throat Ringnecks vary greatly in disposition when kept in mixed Some Notes on Keeping Parrakeets. I25 company; the majority are more peaceable than Broadtails when associated with other parrots, and perhaps a trifle less trust- worthy with birds of other orders. A number can usually be kept together out of the breeding season. In addition to its unpleasantly shrill call-note the Ring-neck possesses a kind of " song " which is distinctly agreeable out of doors, though too loud for a room. In an aviary the Ring-neck is destructive to woodwork at certain times of the year, but does not bite through wire netting. As a cage pet the cock alone is to be recommended, the hen being usually noisy, uninteresting, ill-tempered, and unable to talk. Ring-necks can be wintered out of doors. African Rixg-xeck (Palccornis docilis). Very like the Indian bird in all respects, save that it possesses a dark-coloured beak instead of a bright red one. It is equally hardy and is usually, as its name implies, a more docile and better-behaved occupant of the aviary than P. torquata. Alexandrine Parrakeet (Palcroynis alc.vcDidrina ). The Alexandrine Parrakeet is the largest member of the family, and. everything" considered, may be regarded as a good- tempered bird in all company, able to take care of itself whei'. attacked, but preferring to live at peace with its neighbours. It is, however, very destructive to woodwork, and has a voice to waken the dead. Mine appear unable to bite wire netting, and at liberty were not destructive to trees, as I expected the\ would be; in fact, the Alexandrine is rather a nice bird to keep loose if you can trust your neighbours not to shoot him ; he looks fine on the wing, has a good idea of finding his way about, is too big for vermin to tackle, and can stand any weather. If given plenty of fruit at home, it will not, as a rule, occur to him to help himself from the orchard. .Some people have found the Alexandrine an intelligent and affectionate pet. but the majority of these birds are much too noisy for the house. Both sexes have the red wing-bar but the cock alone has a ring round the neck. 126 Some Notes on Keeping ParrakeetS. Malabar Parrakeet (Palceornis malabarica) . A very beautiful species, but, unfortunately rareh imported. It is hardy, but the hens are very subject to egg- binding- and must not be allowed to lay at a low temperature The adult male has a red beak, and the female a black one besides differing somewhat in plumage. It does well at liberty. Moustache Parrakeet (Palceornis fasciata ( ?) ). A common and hardy species, not particularly trus* worthy in mixed company. The adult male has a red beak, and the female a black one. Plum-headed Parrakeet (PalcBornis cyanocephala). Blossom-headed Parrakeet (Palceornis rosa). Two closely allied species or local forms of one race The Plum-head is one of the most beautiful of all Parrakeets, and it is strange that it is not a greater favourite. It is hardv and easily kept and is not unpleasantly noisy or quarrelsome. It does not require much room, being a small bird, and will live either in a cage, birdroom, or outdoor aviary. Hens are scarce, and aviculturists are often disappointed through buying a young cock in immature plumage, with lavender head and short tail A genuine female is usually smaller than a young male and has a narrower and more effeminate head. Long-tailed Parrakeet (Palceornis longicauda). A beautiful bird, but not suitable for English aviculture ; it is of all parrots the most sensitive to cold, and requires a temperature of at least 70 degrees to keep it healthy and happy. Anything below 60 degrees reduces it to a condition of shivering misery, usually ending in a fatal chill. The male possesses a longer tail than his mate. Naturally the Long-tailed Parrakeet has a reputation for doing badly in confinement, but I found no difficulty with mine as long as they had a hot-house temperature and plenty of fruit. (To be continued). ^^♦-K Thrush-Blackbird Hybrids. 127 Thrush-Blachbird Hybrids. By Geo. Crabb. In a letter to Bird Xotks for August 1917. Hr Hopkinsoii made enquiries about a Thrush-Blackbird HybriJ then in the Small Birds' House at the Zoo, and in Bird Notes for September of same year a very full account of what Mr. j H. Anderson, Darvel, had accomplished up to then in breedin;^" this cross, was g'iven by the Editor of Cage Birds. In the same letter Dr. Hopkinson made enquiry about ;; hybrid of same kind shown at the Crystal Palace in February 1872. This enquiry has promj)ted me to get together the following particulars of exhibits of Thrush-Blackbird or Black bird-Thrush Hybrids. (1) I find, through the courtesy of Mr. T. Heath, wIuj has referred to the catalogue, that the Hybrid referred to bv Dr. Hopkinson was exhi1)ited at the Crystal Palace show in February 1872 as Blackbird-Thrush cock, age 16 months, by Mr. A. Skinner, West St., Faversham. and was awarded one of the three prizes. h'rom the particulars given one would suppose that the parents were Blackbird d" -Thrush ? — also, if this supposition is correct one would consequently conclude tha*" the bird was bred by the exhibitor and was not a wild bird reared from the nest, and the age Ijeing stated in months also points t^ the same supposition. Still, the possibility of it being a will bird reared from the nest is possibly not absolutely precluded. I have written to the address given by the exhibitor, but got the reply that no one of the name was known, and that no informa tion could be given about the bird; at which I was not surprised, considering the lapse of time. (2) Mr. John Robson informs me that in 1890 Mr. Geo. Hill, of High St., Marylebone (who later went to America") showed at the Crystal Palace a Thrush-Blackbird Hybrid, and was awarded ist prize, but that this bird was afterwards disputed by many, and Mr. Robson thinks it was not shown again any where. He adds, " If it were a genuine specimen it certainly took more after the Blackbird than to the Thrush." (3) Mr. Robson also tells me that a Mr. Surman, of i 28 Th }■ u s h -Blac k b ird II y b rids . Oxford, showed a supposed Blackljird-Thrush Hybrid at tht Crystal Palace in P^briiary 1901. and was wrong- classed. I dr not associate this bird in any way with the following, exhibited same year. (4) Mr. C. Cooper of Brixton, exhibited at L.C.B.A. Show, Royal Aquarium. 19th to 21st November. 1901, a Thrush Blackbird Hybrid, and Mr. Cooper tells me the lower mandible of this bird was yellowish, and. as 1 understand, a different colour from the upper mandible. In connection wnth this exhibit Mr. John Frostick, who has furnished me with the above particulars from the L.C.B.A catalogue, adds that he saw this bird and remembers it quite well. It was one of a nest of four, all of which were advertised in Feathered World as Thrush-Blackbird Hybrids by the man who reared them at Peckham or Camberwell. Mr. Frostick went to see them before Mr. Cooper saw and bought them, and he considered them genuine, but would not like to say, after this lapse of time if they were bred Thrush 6 and Blackbird 9 or I'ice versa. The birds were eventually sold through a dealer to a w^ell known ornithologist. I have seen two Thrush-Blackbird or Blackbird-Thrush skins in this ornithologist's collection, and if these represent the birds above mentioned, which I believe they do, I would say that in their case, the Blackbird was the male parent. From what I learn up to now, I understand that these were wild birds reared from the nest, and that a Blackbird S was seen at the nest at one time, and at another time a Thrush. (5) The Thrush-Blackbird Hybrids recently bred by Mr. T. H. Anderson, of Darvel, previously fully reported on. One additional interesting fact comnumicated to me by Mr. Anderson is, that -dl the cocks were very much alike, and all the hens very much alike, although differing in appearance one from the other. My enquiries have not extended beyond exhibits at London shows, and it is probable there are other cases of the cross having been exhibited at country shows. If, therefore, anyone can add to the ?bove list, I shall be g'lad. Records of Birds zvhich have bred in Captivity. 129 Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. By E. Hopkinson, D.S.O., M.A.. M.B. I'or meaning of abbreviations 2'idc pages 58-59 (last vol.). (Continued from page in.) 330.— BARNARD'S PARRAKEET. Barnardhts barnardi. W.T.P. 1st, Johnstone, A.S. Medal, 1902. See A.M. viii. 249. Abroad, ist Cornely fRuss. Hybrid-s. BARNARD'S PARRAKEI':T x YELLUVV-COLLAKEU TARRAKliET. W.T.P. X Barnard's Parrakeet (Bauer's Parrakeet). <^ 331.— YELLOW-COLLARED PARRAKEET. B. semitorquatus. W.T.P. Zoo. 1912. Hybrids. YELLOW-COLLARED PARRAKEET x YELLOW-BELLIED PARRA- KEET. W.T.P. YELLOW-COLLARED PARRAKEET x P>AUER'S FAKRAKI-:1':T. Abroad. Pays-Mellier. |Russ. In i88j at Champigny tA.(LB. ii. 227. YELLOW-COLLARED PARRAKEET x BARNARD'S PARRAKEET. W.T.P. X Yellow-collared Parrakeet (Barnard's). X Yellow-collared Parrakeet (Pennant). X Yellow-collared Parrakeet (Rosellaj. 0 332.— BAUER'S PARRAKEET B. zunarhis. Hybrids. BAUER'S PARRAKEET x BARRABAND'S PARRAKEET. W.T.P. X Bauer "s Parrakeet (Barnard's). <> 333.— RED-VENTED PARRAKEET. Pscphotits hacmatorlwits. W.T.P. 1st Duncan Parker, 1911. A.S. Medal. See A.M. (3) ii. 269. Abroad. In Belgium. fRuss. 0 334.— BEAUTIFUL PARRAKEET /' pnlchcrnmus. Abroad, ist, Princess Saxe Coburg Golha. jRuss. In Vienna, 1880 fA.G.B. ii. 230. Hybrids. BEAUTIFUL PARRAKEET x REDRUMP. Abroad. Princess von Croy in Belgium before 1881. A.G.B. ii. 230, quoting Russ. 130 Records of Birds zcliich hai'c bred in Captivity. 335.— GOLDEN-SHOULDERED PARRAKEET. /'. clirysoplcrygius. Hybrids. GOLDKN-SHOl'l.DI'.ki:!) x MAX V-(_'()!.( )l' I'! I'.D I 'AK RAKEET. W.T.P. I saw DHL- in the Zoo in igoi. (I--. II.) <> 336.— HOODED PARRAKEET. P. ciiciilUilus. W.T.P. isl, Astk-y, 191-'. F.i;.C. Medal. II. N. 1912, 338. ^ 337.— MANY-COLOURED PARRAKEET. /'. imii/icoldr. W.T.P. 1st, Farrar, 190J. A.S. Medal. A.M. viii. 21J. Abroad. In Belgium tRuss; in France. See A.M. vol. iii. Hybrids. X Many-coloured Parrakeet (Goldcn-shouldercd). 338.— RED RUMP PARRAKEET. /'. Iiacinafoiio/iis. W.T.P. Easily bred, f Russ and A.G.B. Zoo, 1911. Abroad. 1st Bodinus fRuss. Hybrids. REDRUAH' X ROSFLLA. W.T.P. A specimen was exhibited at the L'.P. Show, Dec. 1903. REDRU:NH' X MFALY ROSELLA. W.T.P. X Red-rumi) (Rosella). X Red-rump (Beautiful Parrakeet"). 0 339.— BOURKE'S PARRAKEET. Ncophema bonrkci. W.T.P. 1st, h'asey, 1900. A.S. Medal. See A.M. n.s. iv. 276. Abroad. 1st, Kessels tRuss. 0 340.— BLUE-BANDED GRASS PARRAKEET S . rcmtsta. W.T.P. Abroad, isl I'urneK 'Russ. ^ 341.— ELEGANT GRASS-PARRAKEET A. clcgaus. W.T.P. L>oiidon Zoo, tKu.s.->. Sergeant. .\.M. ii. 98, before 189O fA.G.B. ii. 2^;3,. 342.— ROCK GRASS-PARRAKEET V pefrophila. Abroad. 1st, R.uss tRuss. Records of Birds ivhich have bred in Captk'ity. 131 343.— TURQUOISINE. N. pulchcUa. W.T.P. Seth Smith says tliat it is iinw oxtremcly rare .... but has been bred in captivity .... on numerous occasions. In the Zoo num- bers were bred between the years i860 and 1863: tA.G.B. ii. -'34. See also A.M. i. 24. Abroad, ist in Antwerp Zoo. fRuss. <> 344.— SPLENDID G RASSPAR RA K EET N .' .splciulidtts. London Zoo tRuss, but Butler writes " in 1872 a youny one was hatched." (A.G.B. ii. ^35). Abroad. W.T.P. C. <> 345. — NEW ZEALAND PARRAKEET. CyaiKirliamphus }iovae-sealandiac. W.T.P. Abroad. 1st, Fiedler in 1872. jRuss; and freely in Belgium and France. (A.G.B. ii. 236, quoting Russ). ^' ' ' " <> 346.— GOLDEN-CROWNED PARRAKEET C. auriccps. W.T.P. I St, Bouskill, 1897. -'^•S- Medal. See A.M. iv. 45, yj. Abroad, ist, Fiedler, jRuss. 347.— ALPINE PARRAKEET. C. malherbci. Abroad. Delaurier in 1883. fRuss. -<>- 348.— HORNED PARRAKEET. Nymphiciis cannttus. Hybrids. HORNED PARRAKEET x UVAEAN PARRAKEET. Abroad. ist,Cornely tRuss; in 1883, fA.G.B. ii. 2^y. <^ 349.— UVAEAN PARRAKEET A. uvaeensis. Hybrids. See above. 350.— SWIFT PARRAKEET. N anodes discolor. Abroad, ist, Rousse, fRuss, (in iSSil, 12- Records uj Birds which hai'c bred in Captivity. ' 351.— BUDGERIGAR. Mclopiittacus undulatus. W.T.P. Universally bred. Abroad, i.st, Graf .'^clr.vcrin. +Russ The yellow variety, a later introdttcdoii, is also easily bred. The BLUE BUDGERKJAR (of quite recent avicultural history) was first bred in Holland in the eighties; later ijy I'anvvels in Belgium in 1911, and since by Astley and others in Great Britain, l)nt is by no means a free breeder. See B.N. 191 1, 1, and 1916, 200. ■ -^ PARROTS— ALTERNATIVE ENCILISII \AM ES. 266.— SWAINSON'S LORIKEET Blue Mountain Lory. 282.— YELLOW-HEADED CONURE. Jendaya Conurc. Jendaya I'arrakeet 283.— BLACK-HEADED CONURE. Nanday Gonurc, Nanday Parrakeet. 292.— QUAKER PARRAKEET. (irey-breasted I'arrakeet. 308.— ROSE RINGED PARRAKEET African king neck 313.— BARRABANO'S PARRAKEET (ireenleek ' in Australia. 314.— BLACK-TAILED PARRAKEET Rock Peplar. 316.— CRIMSON-WING PARRAKEET. Red-winged l\-irrakeet : P.loodwing 318.— MADAGASCAR LOVEBIRD, (ircv-headed Lovebird. 319.— PEACH-FACED LOVEBIRD Rosy faced Lovebird. 321.— RED-FACED LOVEBIRD. Red-headed Lovei)ird. 326.— MEALY ROSELLA. I'ale-headed Parrakeet. 328.— STANLEY PARRAKEET. Yellow-cheeked Parrakeet. 329 RED-CAPPED PARRAKEET. Pilcatcd Parrakeet. "Blue Parrot •" in Australia. 331.— YELLOW-COLLARED PARRAKEET N cllt w naped Parrakeet; Twenty-eight Pai^rakeet in .Australia. 332.— BAUER'S PARRAKEET. Port Lincoln Parrakeet. 334.'-BEAUTlFUL PARRAKEET Paradise Parrakeet 338.— RED-RUMPED PARRAKEET. Red-runii), Blood-rum]), Blood rumped Parrakeet. To be conti?iued. Dark Plumages of Zebra Finches. 133 Darh Plumages of Zebra Finches. Bv 1\. SUCCTIT. Durin-- the summer of 1913 1 had three dark Zebra pinches — two hens and one cock: the cock had dark, almos' black, ear-coverts. One hen died chirini^- the winter 1913-1 ^, ant' the surviving- hen had a black pectoral band. These 1 tinned into an enclosure iii I'^iJ. which contained no other Zebra Finches: thev reared fi\c youn.^- ones, none of them darker than the hen; one of the four w;is a normal coloured cock. [ joined the army in Se])leml)er 1914. and disi)osed of most of my birds. Amon,L;st others I sent quite JO Zebra iMnchos to a London dealer- and |)ossibly some of these were pinx-hased bv om^ members. I ]:)assed on two pairs to our member Mr. Crow, all normally coloured birds, and last year he asked me to take a pair of dark ones. These 1 placed in a caj.;e for some time to make fairly sure of their pairiui^". and then turned them into an aviary with othei Zebra Finches, etc. They reared 3 dark marked hens and a cock; one of these hens had a very broad black pectoral band, a dark head and mantle. The cock had a black rump, and his head was almost black; they were, however, like all these darkly marked birds, very delicate, and both are now dead. One of the hens I passed on to our esteemed Editor*; the other I still have cai2^ed. and will send her to anyone wishing to try to breed these dark coloured birds. We usually attribute albinism to inbreeding- and weakness and according to the laws of nature melanism should denote strength and vigour. My experience, however, is the reverse as. not one of these dark birds has been even normally robust * I much regret to state that rats took the two pairs of Zebra Finches Mr. Sug-gitt kindly sent me. The pectoral band of one of the heps wa$ similar to that of a norma] cock, — Ed, 134 The- Endurance of Birds. Willi the exception of these dark Zebra Finches. I have taken ,L;reat care to enstn-e my l)ree(h'n^- l)irds being unrelated. usiuL; rini^'s for ideinitication purposes, It would be interesting- to know whether any of our mem bers have had a similar experience with these birds. -- The Endurance of Birds. ' . By Wksley T. Page, F.Z.S.. M.B.O.U., etc. Continued from page lO'j . Mannikixs : This group of birds is not always the most popular .perhaps because (in normal times) of their common ness (cheapness and plentitude). and their lethargic demeanour when kept in confined quarters; but in a roomy, naturally planted, garden-aviary, much of this disappears and they become interesting, and are vastly different in appearance, etc., to other ploccine groups. Morevover, they are not by any means ])rolihc breeders in captivity, with one or two exceptions. The following is an approximate list of species classed as Mannikins. Those marked " * " have been bred in captivity, and those marked " t " have already been dealt with (described) in this series. *Magpie Mannikin (Amauresthes fringill aides ). *i*.ronzc Mannikin (Spermestes cuciillata). *l\iifous-l)acked ^lannikin (S. nigriceps). Tri-coloured Mannikin (Mu}iia malacca). *I51ack-l)erKled Mannikin (M. atricapillaj. Two-coloured Mannikin (Spermestes bicolor). White-headed Mannikin ( Miinia maja). |*Bib Finch (Spermestes nana). t*PectoraI Finch (Mimia pectoralis). t*Chestnut Finch (M. castaneithorax). t*Striated I'inch (Uroloncha striata). •f*Sliar])-t;iile(l Finch (U. acuticauda). |*Yel!()\v-rumped Finch (Mnvia flaviprymna). t*Spice Finch (M. punctuJata). *Bengalese (M. domestica). *Java Sparrow (M. orysivora). The Endurance of Birds. 135 In one or two cases tlie instances of successful l^reedin:.'" are merely isolated ones, and w itli those species, not yet success fully bred in captivity in this country, this should be an added incentive in their favour, so as to fill in the ,^"a])s in the list of species successfully bred, and to place on record the data ^'leaned therefrom. .•\11 are species which are easy to acquire and keep in captivity; reciuiriny only ordinary forei,- The Richmond Herons. 141 The Richmond Herons. Reprinted from the " T'nncs " of April Hth, igig, with our thanks to Editor and Author — cutting per Ke7\ G. H. Raynor, M.A. THEIR 110M1-: AXU HABITS. " Tlic first young Herons of tlie season are just being hatched in Riclimond Park. It can never fail to be a source of wonderment and joy that such conspicuous and usually retiring birds can year by year nest and rear their young successfully in such a public place. The presence there of kestrels, woodpeckers, cuckoos, and even jays and nightjars is accepted with pleasure and surprise, but amazement is unfeigned at a real heronry. Heronries are nowhere common, and arc generally found in inaccessible places ; but here is one within seven miles of St. Paul's Cathedral. Nor are the noises of London absent — the metallic sounds of electric trains crossing the river bridges at Kew and Barnes, and the roar of motor-omnibuses. " Herons, together with Ravens, are the earliest of British birds to begin nesting operations : and more than a month ago, when the snow was lying deep on the ground, and bitterly cold winds were sweeping across the park, some six or eigiit pairs were adding to the already ponderous masses of sticks which form liieir iiomes from b'ebruary to July each year. " Sidmouth Plantation " is tiie official designation of their preserve : it lies a few hundred yards within the Richmond gate, and under the stress of war has been flanked by the wooden huts of the South African Military Ho.spital. But the great birds seem to fear no direct human interference ; perhaps they know that a peremptory notice affixed to the gates of the wood declares that it is only ' open to the public from May to October.' C)ne wonders if this is evidence of official solicitude for the Herons' nurseries or for the peace of mind of the few hen pheasants that may shortl\- be nesting in the undergrowth. Probably the latter bird's welfare appeals more strongly to officialdom. " Of indirect interference, not to say open annoyance, the Herons had their full share during the years of war. Batteries of anti-aircraft guns, stationed close to ihem. fired on many occasions round after round in the middle of the night. The glare of the searchlights must have been disconcerting to young and old alike, and if no bombs fell on ihem it was not the fault of the Gothas. which once laid their own eggs within a mile of the heronry. But Herons are stolid British birds ; no devilries of the enemy could move them, and despite the invasion of the air by observation balloons — nine or ten at a time have been swung overhead ail hours of daylight— they nave remained constant to their ancient haunts. "On a fine Saturday or Sunday afternoon in April thousands of Londoners will walk and sit within a hundred paces of the nests, but it is the exception to see any of them look up to where, at the tops of the still leafless oaks, the male birds are silhouetted against the sky as they stand croaking hoarse directions to their mates engaged in putting the 142 The Richmond Herons. t"lni^.lli^y touclies to their homes. One visitor has, indeed, been over- heard to comment upon the ' number of seagulls ' that were flying round the wood; the remark was accepted without demur by others and the matter dropped. The difference between the 5ft. span of a Heron's wings and that of a little black-headed gull's may be as indiscernible to the inexpert as that between a small single-seated aeroplane flying very low and a Handley Page droning some 5,000 ft. up. " It is a grand sight to see the birds with slow and heavy beat of wing approaching llic [lark and then dropping lower and lower in si)irals until, wilh an unliingeing effect, they release their legs, and stand erect ui)on the the topmost branches of a tree. Their conversation, an inces- sant series of croaks, squawks, and noises, can only be likened to the barkings of many small dogs. When the young Herons are hatched, and are large enough to stand upright in the nests, this noise is redoubled, and continues all day and half into the night. It might be thought that there was an adequate supply of frogs, small fish, and other dainties in the Pen Ponds, but the birds i^refer, except very early in the morning, to go further afield ; there is a regular track followed by the foraging parents which leads directly over the chimney-pots of Richmond to the tidal parts of the river by Syon House and the meadows of Chiswick. Perhaps .salt water adds relish to their finds, for the quieter backwaters Hampton Court way are not frequented to the same extent. The appetites of the young ones must be voracious, for the devoted birds return again, and yet again, with some tit-bit until it is practically dark, and are hard at work before it is really light iiext morning. " When July comes the Herons leave the park, and sjjend the autumn further from l.ondon, but at tlie end of January, no matter how wintry the weather, they reappear once more. The heronry must be of great antiquity, indeed most heronries are older than local tradition can reckon, and probably it has been continuously inhabited from times before the enclosure of the park. As there is evidence by the number of unoccu pied nests, that it was more populous some few years ago, it is earnestly to be hoped that the present generation will encourage the next to remain true to the site. One final word of thankfulness. What changes have the school authorities wrought in the present-day boy that he makes no attempt upon the great blue-green eggs which are reposing in those nests ' One appreciates the vigilance of the part -keepers, but a country lad would plan to emulate the raid against the local heronry so vividly recorded among his school-time exploits by the late Captain Selous." -<>^-f<>- The Question of Amalgamation. 143 The Question of Amalgamation. . Once more, we regret to say. this question has been raised, and our contemporary The Avicultiiral Magazuie^ has, we con sider, very ill-advisedly brought tlie matter into pubhc discussion, which, we think, cannot tend to increase goo(' feeling between the Avicultural Society and the Foreign Bird Club. Again and again over a period of years the A\icultnra' Society have solicited us to amalgamate with them, and we hav-: always declined, neither have we ever made the slightest advance to them for amalgamation, and it appears to us that the con tinuous urging against our desire is not the best of form. Tru- in this instance Mr. W. H. Workman, who is one of our members (also an old member of the A vie. Soc. ) sent us a letter suggesting that we amalgamate with the Avic. Soc. This lette. arrived when May " B.N." was in type, and we wrote Mr Workman to that effect, also stating that we did not consider it a matter for the Journal, but a case for the Council to deal with, and, if called for, take a vote of the members thereupon. However, Mr. Workman also sent his letter to the Avicultural Magazine, and it appeared in their current issue, together with an Editorial note, and gratis copies of this issue have been sent to myself and other officials of F.B.C., therefore considering the matter had better be settled once for all, we reprint both the Editorial note and Mr. Workman's letter. 0 Reprinted from the Avicultural Magazine^ June, 1919. LiSMORE, Windsor, Belfast. May 4th, 191Q. " Dear Sir, — I enclose a copy of a letter I have sent to Bird Xotes " for publication, as I thought you might like to insert it in vour next issue " along with this letter. For a long time I have had the idea of proposing " an amalgamation of these two kindred societies, and I think it would be " a good thing for both if it could be arranged. — I remain, yours very truly, W. H. WORKMAN." [Enclosure.] " Dear Sir, — I see in your notice that you ask for correspondence 144 The Question of Amalgamation. regarding the raising of the annual subscription, and I therefore take the hberty of making a suggestion that this Society should amalgamate with the Avicultural Society and form a really powerful union which will include all the llritish and Foreign uviculturists ; it would then be possible to issue a much larger and more interesting magazine, with coloured plates and a greater amount of original reading matter under one cover. 1 would suggest, too, that more space should then be devoted to notes and articles on British and I'oreign wild birds; trav ellers doubtless could give us splendid descriptions of a ])opular nature of their experiences amongst the birds of the various countries visited 1 recall two intensely interesting articles which came out in the early volumes of the Avicultural Magazine — " The Birds of Ecuador," by Mr. W. Goodfelliw, and " Birds of the Bahamas," by Mr. Bonhote. There must and will be numbers of people who could write interesting notes which would be of very great value t(j our members, but not perhaps scientific enough for jjublication in the Ibis. Again, since the Zoologist was given uji there is a great want of a popular magazine for British bird notes and descriptions of bird life in this country in general. 1 know, of course, that we have that most interesting magazine British Birds, but it again is of a pretty high scientific nature rather after the style of Ibis, and the Editors would not wish to fill up their pages with notes and articles such as used to a])pear in the Zoologist when in its palmy days. " Surely in these days of great business amalgamations the Councils ' of the Avicultural Society and Foreign Bird Club could meet together ' and produce a magnificent scheme for the good of Ornithologj' in its ' widest sense; nieml>ers then would not mind paying the larger subscrip- ' tion, becavtse they know that they would be getting the best value possible ' instead of keeping up two Societies, one in opposition to the other. This ' I believe to be the ideal plan, but if not acceptable I would take a leaf ' from this ' Distressful Country ' of mine; here we have a little magazine ' called the Irish Naturalist, which in spite of jiarty fights does duty as the ' official magazine of no less than seven different Natural Hi,story Societies. ' If this can be done in Ireland, surely in England enough unity could be obtained amongst naturalists to carry through a scheme on the above ' lines. — Yours very truly, W. H. WORKMAN, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. <> " AMALG.\MATION.*' " The Editor draws attention to the thoughtful and ^aluable letter on this subject published elsewhere in this issue. Our correspondent The Oncsiion of Amalgamation. 145 we know, of inanv years' staiuliiiif : negotiations favouring this oljject have more tlian once been on foot. It has been said, and well said, time after time that there is no oi)position between the Avicultural Society and the Foreign P.ird Club. To the man in the .street it must indeed seem amazing that in these days of dear pajjer, dear illustrations, and emptying aviaries there .should be two Societies, both professing the same object, both hampered by many difficulties, and by loss of members due to the War, vet each pursuing its own way — disunited, dissevered, dis- rupted— as if their aims were poles apart. •' The cost of ]iroduction is enormous. Those of us who study the business side of natural hi.story publishing understand only too well whv the coloured illustration is banished from our front page, and the brevier type from our correspondence column. Only by drastic economy has it been pos.sible to keep the fiag flying : indeed, there are many natural history journals that have failed to survive the War. ■' Under these circumstances we believe that Mr. Workman's letter will be of the greatest service to zoology. Should the Foreign Bird Club wish to be reabsorbed into the Avicultural Society — the parent from which it originally sprung — a great gain, not only to aviculture, but to ornithologv in general, would inevitably ensue. G. R." -/ Mrs. A. M. CuuL; F.Z.S. Great-billed Parrakeet. All Rights Reserved. July, 191 9. BIRD NOTE S : THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Notes on the Great-billed Parraheet. ( Tanygnathus macrorhynchiiH). By The Marquis of Tavistock. Probably few aviciilturists have owned this remarkable parrot, thoug'h many may be familiar with the specimen at the Zooloi^ical Gardens. I obtained four in the winter of 1913 — all cocks as it turned out — thoug'h. at first, I thought I had two pairs. The birds, which were in rough plumage, were kept in a warm room and given the usual food. They agreed well together, although two years later the three survivors for a time resented the introduction of a new arrival, although it was a female. vSoon after receiving them I noticed the Great-bills were rather badly infested with tapeworms, of which I succeeded ridding them by doses of cina in the drinking water. When summer came the birds were turned out, with cut wings, in a grass enclosure, - where they did quite well, but, as they had not moulted T took them in again for the winter. About this time I had to move most of my birds into temporary quarters in the Isle of Wight. The following year one of the original four died and was replaced by a young bird which has turned out to be a female. For two seasons I kept the Great-bills in a small outdoor avairy in summer and caged them during the winter. They improved in plumage when out of doors, but always got rough again when taken in. I believe that I should have done better to have left them out altogether, as. except when moulting, they are by no means sensitive to cold if given shelter from rain and wind, 150 Notes on the Creat-biJJed Parrakcct. Last autumn T decided to try the (ireat-bills at liberty, as they never looked particularly happy in confinement and were rather stolid and uninterestint;'. Accordingly the two best pluniat^ed ones (both cocks) were chosen, and one was released in my j^arden in Hampshire. He stayed well, and very soon 1 noticed a considerable chan.^e in him for the better. His plumage wonderfully improved and from being a grotesque caricature, like a parrot in a comic paper, he became a noble- looking bird, even his large red beak making a handsome finish to his appearance. His head and neck were a brilliant grass- green, the breast and underparts having a yellowish tinge. The feathers of the mantle and rump were edged with lovely pale blue, while the smaller wing feathers were mostly dark blue, the scapulars being beautifully pencilled with buttercup- yellow. With freedom the Great-bill also began to find his voice — as long as he was caged he had been silent — and what a voice it was ! When he was on the wing he made a noise something like a shunting goods' train and a pack of hounds in full cry. with a few amazon squawks thrown in. But this was not all; on a tine morning he would post himself on a branch and indulge in a species of recitation, jigging up and down and throwing himself about as he did so. His oratory can hardly be described as melo- dious, but it was unrivalled for variety and power, and was, on the whole, most expressive of joie de I'iz're. He would usually begin by shouting " Wurrur ! " in a deep, half-human voice and then go on with something which sounded rather like " Kick Macgregor, Kick ^VTacgregor ! Kick Macgregor! Teetle, leetle leetle leetle lee! Kikorwick ! kikr>rwick! kikorwick ! " after which he would scream and squall and pipe like a little finch with almost endless variations and in every conceivable key. Being without a com[)anion of his own kind, he associated a good deal with a cock Alexandrine Parrakeet, who, though the finest specimen of his kind 1 have ever seen, looked very dowdv beside his companion. At first he was rather suspicious of the Alexandrine, and warned him ofi whenever he came too near, but finding that the parrakeet was neighbourlv n}u\ good- tempered, he soon gave up all demonstrations of hostility. I Notes on the Grcot-billcd Parrakcet. 151 have found all my Great-bills alike in this respect. They are not vicious birds, but they dislike being approached by strangers of whose character and intentions they know little, and show their annoyance by contracting the pupil of the eye, making a snarling noise and lunging clumsily with their beaks. The Great-bill was a rapid flyer and could turn and twist on the wing with considerable dexterity ; but he was not quite as fast as the Alexandrine, and both were far inferior to the Barraband's Parrakeet. who is as graceful as a swallow and as swift as a homing pigeon. Unfortunately, having no female companion of his own kind (the hen was at that time too ragged to turn out) the Great-bill grew restless and took to wandering further and further afield, until one day he failed to return and was not heard of again. The second cock was not a success at liberty. The first day I released him he flew straight away and was captured, and returned to me in an exhausted condition. I kept him in an outdoor aviary and did not let him out again until the following March, having previously brought over the two remaining birds which had been wintered in a cold birdroom. Although glad to see his companions he again flew straight away and was brought back by a boy the same night. The gardener very foolishly put him in a cage on the ground in an open summer house, into which a snowstorm blew all night, and next morning the poor bird was in a dying condition, as was not surprising! The surviving pair were unable to fly owing to their wing feathers being much worn, and I let them climb about the trees (which they did not damage), leaving the aviary open; they always returned to it to feed and roost. The summer passed uneventfully until I provided my solitary Blue-faced Lorikeet with a cock Red-collared as a mate. A single lorikeet is not of much account as a fighter, but a pair are deadly, owing to the way they back each other up. Within twenty- four hours they had killed my breeding cock Banded Parrakeet as he was trying to defend his nest, and defeated every other parrakeet at liberty, after which they turned their attention to the Great-bills. The cock's size and huge beak were no defence against the combined onslaught and he was soon hurled to the ground I -,2 Rcni'uiisccnccs. wliere lie niis^lu lia\e sliared tlie fate of the Banded, had I not come to the rescue and relegated tlie Red-collar to solitary continenient. By the time I left home (July ist) the hen (ireat-bill had much improved in plumage and was beginning to tly about. She differs from the cock in her more slender build and smaller beak, and has the lower part of the wing" gjeen and not dark blue, as in the male. She fully equals the first cock in her powers of oratory, and it is clear that the remarkable vocal performance of the Cireat-bill is purely an expression of high spirits, and not confined to the breeding season nor to one sex. The surviving" male has not improved quite as rapidly as the hen. but he seems in good health, and 1 am hoping- that an attempt at nesting will be made next vear if the birds survive the winter. Reminiscences. By Capt. L. Lovell-Keavs. R.A.M.C. F.Z.S. Peace is declared, and so. like the Roman generals of old. we " turn our swords into plough-shares." and hark back to the ])iping times of peace. ( )ur Editor and the writer celebrated l)eace in true old time fashion ])y having" a good dinner, fol- lowed by spinning" birdy yarns. This article is the result of one or l)oth. ( )ne feels rather like the weaver who left his loom long" weary months ag"o. and returns, hnding" the work is still there, but that his fingers have lost their cunning, and his mind lias become slow to follow the shuttle and to pick out the WA\-\) from the woof. But even Rome had a l)eg"inning". and, after ,'ill. tlie foundations are still there. e\'en if overgrown and mossv. Little remains of the glories of liyg'cjne days as regards aviculture, and the past only calls forth sighs and that wonderful thought : — .Ml ! Aloinorv, fond nu'inory, wlu-n all thini^s f.'ulc \vc fly to tlicc. " Birds!" What memories ///r word recalls! The first pair one ever ke])t. the anticipations, the dissappointments. Reminiscences. 153 the paean of victory one sounded when the tlrst baby birds did at leni;th appear — then the k;st of acquisition, the growth and development of one's aviaries. And all the time one was learning, learning, learning. But the writer's experience and knowledge were dearly bought, not only in hard cash, but by remorse and through the narrow aisles of disappointment ! Imagine the triuni])]! of rearing twelve Cuban Finches and seven Cordon Bleus in one season, and then, the utter heartbroken disappointment at losing every single bird because they were considered to be " hardy." and, being aviary bred, able to stand our vile English autumn. But such actually happened in the Park Lodge aviaries. And to strike a personal note (for all griefs are personal, whereas the triumphs »iay be shared), I realised I had indeed bought my experience and listened to others when my judgment told me better. How easily most remember only their triumphs, whereas the tragedies, the heart- aches, the losses, are put away from them as unpalatable. But to new-r)orn aviculturists I would say one word, and that is. Don't ]>e a moral coward. If you meet with failure, face it, ponder over it. and don't be content until your reason and judg- ment have found the cause of the failure. Don't be for ever teaching Nature her job. Don't imagine a bird that lives and revels in the torrid heat of Brazil, can enjoy the dreary darkness of an English November. They may live, and when spring comes return your lack of thought and Spartan treatment by presenting you with a nest of most delightful wee birds. But, believe me, they won't rej)eat that pleasure for you very often, and the chances are they will one night ' fold up their tents like the Arabs, and silently creep away.' — so softly that they will hardly disturb Charon in his watch on the Styx. Yes, I know what you will say and quote from the authorities and give instances where birds have lived five, ten, fifteen, or even tw^enty years in an open aviary. Why is it man remembers only the exceptions ! ? Just think of it. I had 400-500 l)irds when I gave up aviculture, but if you can find one hundred alive to-day I will ■;i;id]v pay the F.B.C. £io tov.ards wiping out the deficit. Why is it that with no fresh importations breeding results have sud- denly dropped almo>t to nil, and most aviaries are to-day 154 Reminiscenced. standing" practically em])ty "'' The question is indeed a pregnant one, and one to inspire tlie aviculturist " furiously to think." Let us face it and think how we can minimise our losses. It seems at least we ought to look into the book of nature and fol- low her, removing', needless to say, those causes that maintain the balance twixt creature and creature. With the end of the war we shall begin a new era of bird-keeping". We must, nearly all of us, begin again at the starting' post. Some of us with more experience will avoid many of the time-worn paths that lead to desolation and disappointment, such as leaving' birds that are a bit " thick " out in the open instead of applying" nature's remedy, i.e. dry heat. All this is very instructive, you say, but rather inclined to damp one's enthusiasm. I agree, but surely better that than to kill your enthusiasm by repeated and heart- rending" losses. The fact is aviculture is not a thing that " any fool " can pick up by reading" a text book that may perhaps only advocate the writer's particular views. If he tries he will, instead of picking' up the all necessary knowledge, spend most of his time picking up corpses. The would-be aviculturist must start aviculture with a sound basis of common-sense. Next, if he would succeed, he must study not only the habits of birds, but, what is of infinite more importance — the habitat. For instance, he would not expect a humming bird to do in the back yard facing north, nor would he expect the burrowing owl to thrive in a wire cage in the glaring sun. Experience has shown that humming birds are quite easy to keep if you will but keep the temperature even and elevated. If you want to get a severe shock to your acclimatising" theories, keep a humming bird. You will soon be disillusioned, and incidentally lose a £50 bird. These remarks are but the " prolegomena " of some future remarks I hope to make. My deductions are based on exhaustive experiments and observations made under conditions that I can never hope to see repeated, and, further, all made at the same time. While it is true I had some wonderful successes, which may and may not have been purely beginner's luck, I am bound to plead guilty to experiencing grievous failures and los.ses, which, in the light of more mature experience, and paymg less attention to the advice of others. I believe could have been avoided to a very great extent. I do not pretend to have solved The Endurance of Birds. 155 every problem of aviculture, neither do I claim to be in any way infallible, but 1 trust 1 shall not be blind to past faults and past failures. With this determination before me I am going" to try my hand at aviculture again, and hold an inquest on every bird that dies. When 1 left the country 1 determined 1 would never take up birds again, but a visit from our Editor tilled me with fresh enthusiasm, and inspired me to write this article, followed in due course by articles on avicultiu'e from a purely practical, if personal, point of view. Xext month I hope to begin at the beginning and make more remarks on the home for our feathered pets. We humans don't go to a place and then build our house. We build our house, then go and live in it. More- over, when we build a house we don't phmip it down in a place because it is convenient, but we choose our " site," My first piece of advice and last word is. If you cannot choose a decent site for your aviary, and you contemplate keeping birds, follow ]\Ir. Punch's advice to those about to get married — DON'T! The birds are at your mercy, and your sole right to inflict dreary quarters and impossible surroundings on them is because you " paid for them " — a more mean and despicable excuse for neglecting or failing to afford the best possible circumstances to your avian prisoners, I cannot imagine, unless it be that a man says he " cannot afford better." as though the birds' comfort and happiness were of secondary consideration when compared to his own acquisitiveness and cupidity. Unless you can afford to " do your birds cit//." I say you have no right to " do " them at all. ■<-M^ The Endurance of Birds. By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., etc. Continued, from page i^g. Waxbills. — Of this group the six species included in the list given at commencement of this series, three of which I have bred, are all that come within the scope of this article. The waxbills are not a free breeding group either in aviaries or cages, though some of the earliest aviarists indicate the St. 156 The Endurance of Birds. Helena VVaxbill as a free breeder; certainly it is the most ready to go to nest in captivity. The following" are the species to be dealt with in this chapter : Blue-breasted Waxbill (Estrilda angolensis). (lold-breasted Waxbill (Sporaeginthus subflavus). (irey Waxbill (Estrilda cinerea). Urange-cheeked Waxbill (Sporaeginthus mclpodiis). St. Helena Waxbill (Estrilda astrilda). Sydney Waxbill (Aegintha temporalis). The general remarks as to the above may be included in the mass, as they are so similar in the habits, etc. 1 have kept all of them and successfully wintered them out of doors over several winters, but for those aviaries which are erected on a sub-soil of clay it is best to house them in early autumn, as if this period proves cold and wet it is actually more trying to them than the winter season. There is another alternative, viz: to so construct the aviary that the birds can easily be driven into the shelter at night time, during the autumn months, and also kept confined there during inclement days. This enforces the importance of the shelter being roomy and well-lighted, and emphasises the need of careful consideration before erection is commenced. Also, this is a sine qua nan for all aviaries erected in our northern counties. Some of the species show a decided preference for nesting on the ground, weaving a rough globular nest in any convenient tuft of grass; such will be indicated when dealing with the separate species; others build a similar nest in bush, or twiggy branch, mostly at a low elevation, and again others (these more rarely) will make use of any convenient box in wdiich to construct a nest. Hay, coarse and tine grass suffices for nesting material ; most of the species make use of a few feathers for lining their nests when these are available, and the thoughtful aviarist will see that a few are lying about; a little moss is also appreciated. As regards food their main dietary is white and Indian millet seed, and millet sprays, though most of mine pick over the The Endurance of Birds. 157 soft-food and sip at the milk-sop, which was in their aviary for other species. All the above species live toi^ether in amity in a roomy aviary, and all are most desirable and beatitiful inmates of the same. Blue-brhasted Waxbill. — This species should be housed indoors for the autumn and winter months, or only given the run of the outer flight on sunny genial days. I should, however, say that many, whose aviaries are in a dry sheltered locality, successfully winter it out of doors. In any case they should be given shelter during abnormal periods, whatever the character of the soil may be. This species has not Ijred with me, but our member, Dr. M. Amsler, has bred it rather freely and also successfully crossed it with the Cordon Bleu. Still, it cannot be classed as a prolific species; apparently there is no reason why it should not become so. It is an African species. Gold-breasted Waxbill. — This wee mite (not so large as " Jenny Wren ") is one of the most beautiful of the waxbill tribe, and also hails from Africa. Once over the hardships of importation it is very hardy and enduring. It is not a free breeder, yet several aviarists, including the writer, have had young successfully reared in their aviaries. In my case the solitary instance of success was with a nest built in a tuft of grass, on a slight elevation (about 6in.) on the ground of the flight, beneath the spreading branches of a hazel bush. The growing grass was strongly woven together, with dry grass and almost impervious to rain. It w^as lined with fine grass, a little moss and a few feathers. This episode occurred rather late in the season, and no second nest was attempted. Three fine young birds made their exit from the nest, and the one male among them came into full colour the following season, but was not quite so brilliant as his father, but after the following moult I never saw a richer coloured specimen. While the parents were feeding their babies they captured a good many midges, flies, etc., in the aviary and also secured a goodly portion of the mealworms thrown down for the insectivorous species. 158 TIic fliidurancc of Birds. 1 lia\e more llian once been deceived into mistaking the wee resplendent male, when perched at the tip of a spray of herbage, for some new flower in the aviary; his gorgeous breast alone stood out. his other portions blending into the surrounding setting of plant life. i'lKV.Y Waxiull. — Not gorgeous, but exceedingly beauti- ful. It has not Ijred in my aviaries, or even made an attempt to do so, neither do I think it has been bred in Engish aviaries for many years past. In one or two aviaries it has cross mated with the St. Helena Waxbills, and hybrids have been successfully reared, but it certainly is not a prolific breeder. Orange-chkeked Waxuill. — Another charming wee alien, also from Africa; a quietly coloured and vivacious species. I have found it a little less hardy than either of the foregoing, but it is not a fragile species. A few aviculturists have bred it in aviaries, and our member. ]\liss Alderson. has had at least one young bird reared by a pair occupying a roomy cage, but the instances of success- ful breeding, or even of attempts at same, are not numerous On one occasion young have been reared in my aviaries, and tliis was in a nest built in a tuft of grass, in rather an exposed position, but though the season was a wet one and cool w'ithal, so thick and closely woven were the walls of the nest that the interior, after the young bird had flown, showed no signs of the wet having penetrated — the walls of the nest were fully one inch thick. The nest was so cunningly placed as to be very difficult to discover, and so cleverly camouflaged by being woven round the stems of the growing grass that the dried grass, with which the nest was built, was obscured by the living grass, and T onlv discovered it by accident, by seeing one of the birds dart out as I passed close to it. But the story has already been told in Biuu XoTES, and I will not repeat it at greater length here. Though difficult to state a reason why, the fact remains that they are very shy breeders in captivity; possibly their nervous and highly fidgety temperament may be the cause. The Endurance of Birds. 159 St. Helena Waxhill. — Very like the Grey Waxbill, but with a longer and more pointed tail, and the transverse pencilling' of the plumage is very distinct and noticeable. This is the most freely bred of all the waxbills, yet instances of successful rearing of young are by no means numerous. Odd instances of success have occurred over a long period of years, that of our member, C'apt. J. S. Reeve, being, I think, the latest. He had c|uite a prolific pair, but his successes only covered two seasons. In my a\iary some ten years ago a nest was built in a privet bush, and three young were fully reared, and a second nest the same season produced two more young. It is a hardy and enduring species, at any rate I have found it so. SvDXEY Waxbill. — This is an Australian species, and a very beautiful though quietly coloured one too. It has probably not been given many opportunities to breed in English aviaries of later years, for it was off the market for a good few years, and not many Australian birds leak through since their exportation has been prohibited. Our member, Mrs. Stanley Gardiner, had quite a prolific pair, which did well with her for two years, and many young were success- fully reared; about two years ago they were passed on to our member,. Mr. H. E. Bright, who also has had young reared in his aviaries. A full account of Mrs. Gardiner's success appeared in Bird Notes, Vol. VIII., N.S., page 3. Mrs. Gardiner kept her birds out of doors all the year roiu.id in her Cambridge aviary. I have only possessed odd males of this species at varying times, and have found them less hardy than its African relatives. To be continued. ^t-K i6o Some Notes on Keeping I'arrakecis. Some Notes on Keeping Parraheets. By The MARyuis of Tavistock. (Continued from page 120). I'OLYTELIS PARKAKEETS. A small Australian genus unfortunately rather rarely imported; they are beautiful birds and, on the whole, hardy. Although they stand close confinement rather better than the Broadtails they need a lot of room for successful breeding, infertility of the males being a common trouble where the birds are kept short of flying exercise. Being much less aggressive towards their own species than the Flatycerei, a number of pairs may be kept together for the greater part of the year, and even during the breeding season it may not always be necessary *o separate them. The usual seed mixture sliould be provided, together with sprouting oats and soft frtiit, such as grapes. A liberal supply of fruit and green-food is specially desirable for newly imported birds which are best kept rather short of hemp and stmflower. Mealworms are often appreciated and are useful during the breeding season and moult. Barrabaxd's Parrakeet (I'olytelis harrabiuidi). Quite hardy when acclimatised, and can be wintered out of doors. When newly imported, Barrabands are subject to an incurable form of ophthalmia, which suddenly develojjs without any apparent cause. Hens are also liable to become suddenly paralysed in the legs, and the extreme difficulty of obtaining this sex is due to the fact that the majority die while yet in Australia. Treatment for this form of paralysis seems to be of no avail, but if the affected bird retains partial use of her feet she may be given her liberty and live happily for a lono^ time, her general health being unaffected, and her wonderful powers of flight unimpaired. Barrabands are usually mastered by any j)arrakeets which are of a pugnacious disposition, but they are rather bullies to such as are weaker than themselves not actually killing them, but constantly worrying them and driving them about. With birds of other orders they are usually quiet but require watching. Young birds resemble the Sonic Notes on Keeping Parrakects. i6t female in plumage for the first year. Barrabands are charmini;' birds at liberty, their flight being- more rapid and graceful than that of any other land bird I know; the plumag:e of the cock which attains a wonderful gloss and brilliance in freedom, he never quite g^ets even in the best-kept aviary. Unfortunately, however. Barrabands are not sul^ciently powerful biters to be able to defend themselves when attacked by owls, and it is therefore necessary to catch them up as soon as the trees get bare. When a pair of birds are to be released the hen should be caught up one evening- and placed in a cage without food, out of sight of her mate. Next morning food should be put on the top of the cock's aviary, and the hen let out a few yards away. When she has had several days in which to learn her way about, the cock may be allowed to join her. On no account should the cock be released first, as the hen. on being let out for the first time, may fly clean away and take him with her. Black-tatled Parrakeet fPolytclis melanura) . All that has been said of the Barraband applies equally to the Black-tailed Parrakeet or Rock Pebbler, except that the liens do not seem to be so subject to paralysis, and the species is more amiable towards weaker birds. When acclimatised the Black-tail shows a wonderful fondness for rain, even of the most cold and disagreeable variety. The hen can be easily distinguished by being olive green in those parts of the plumage where the cock is yellow. Queen Alexandra's Parrakeet (Spathoptenis Alcxandrae). A rare and beautiful species which resemble the Polytelis parrakeets in shape and flight, but not much in habits. It should be fed like the Polytelis, but it is not quite so hardy, and requires a well-drained aviary and a snug winter shelter: where these are lacking it should be brought indoors during the cold weather. The cocks seem to take no interest in their young, and exhibit, very often, polygamous tendencies. Queen Alexandras are easily tamed by " cupboard love,'" and soon learn to fly to their owner and take food from the hand. The female can be distinguished by her much duller rump and 1 62 Some Notes on Keef'ing Parrakcets. crown and the a])sence of tlie sj)atiilate primary. The pink areas of the phniiai^e are equally brilliant in both sexes. Kixc Parrakkkt (Aprosmictns cyanupygins). Only one species- the least beautiful — of the genus A p)<)S)iiictiis is at all well known in confinement. The Knig i'arrakeet is essentially an a\iary bird, for, although it will drag out an existence of many years in a cage, it is neither happy nor interesting when so kept. The King should be fed on the same seed mixture as a Broadtail, with peanuts and plenty of fruit and green food. Kings are great fruit eaters, and a pair will consume a whole apple in a couple of days. The species is a very hardy one as regards cold, but it is highly sensitive to septic fever infection and is liable to contract tuberculosis in an aviary which has been allowed to become foul through lack of disinfection with salt water. The latter solution must not, however, be applied too strong in an aviary where Kings are kept, or the birds may be poisoned. In mixed company the King usually proves himself a coward and a bully, where parrakeets are concerned, though not actually a murderer, and harmless with birds of otlicr orders. Kings are quite ready to breed in confinement, and need a good-sized nest-box. Sometimes they lay and incubate on the floor of the aviary. They do fairly well at liberty, but I have never known them succeed in bringing off young. Young birds resemble the female until the first complete moult; the " butterfly " markings on the wing do not always denote a male, but if a green-headed bird shows them very plainly, it is more likely to be a young cock than a hen. Crimson-winged Parrat^ekt (Ptistes eryihroptcrus). All that has been said of the King as regards diet, disposi- tion, and liability to disease, applies to this bird also, save it is more vicious with parrakeet neighbours, and not subject to tul)erculosis. Hemp or sunflow^er seed is an indispensable part of the food, and without it the birds do not keep their condition. A nest-box with a long spout is generally preferred to one of the ordinary shape. Crimson-wings would be most satisfactory birds at liberty were it not for their habit of descending chimneys and Some Notes on Keeping Parrakeets. 163 ventilators, which sooner or later bring-s every one to an untimely end. The species is quite hardy in an outdoor aviary, but rather subject to chills in a birdroom. Hens lack the black mantle, and have much less red on the wing; young- birds resemble the female until the first complete moult. Some aviculturists maintain that male plumage is not assumed for several years, but this is, I consider, quite abnormal, and young males will usually show their sex within a few months of their importation. Lorikeets (Trichoglossus). Of the brush-tongued parrots I have had comparatively little experience, and only in recent years have been able to give them a food on which they thrive. They stand cold well when acclimatised, l)ut like a nest-box to roost in. They get on well with their own and nearly allied species, though breeding pairs may have to be separated while nesting; but with all other birds (with the exception of very small ones) they are most spiteful and are able to overpower those many times larger than themselves. They lay at all seasons of the year, but are not troubled with egg-binding. Not infrequently they eat their own eggs, but the vice is not always persisted in. Being active and dirty birds they are not suited to cage life, but are content with quite a small aviary, while enjoying a large one. The sexes are alike, but the hen has a slightly smaller, more rounded, and effeminate head. On first leaving the nest the young have dark beaks, but their colours are almost as brilliant as those of the adult. Lorikeets are easily tamed and do well at liberty when they have learned to regard their owner as a friend. Wild birds are rather bad stayers, and are not to be depended on if given their freedom. Lorikeets should be plentifully supplied with sweet grapes, of which they are extremely fond. TAXYGNATHUS PARRAKEETS. These large birds are seen to best advantage in an aviary, as. when kept in cages, they are dull and stolid and often remain in bad plumage. They do rather an undesirable amount of execution on the perches with their powerful beaks, but 164 The Norfolk Plover in India. seldom molest their neighbours, and ignore little birds altogether. They are perfectly hardy when acclimatised, in spite of the hot region they inhabit in a natural state. They should be fed on hemp, sunflower, canary, oats, nuts of all kinds, and fruit. Their voices are loud and unmusical, but they make little use of them, except when at liberty. Mueller's Parrakeet (Tanygnathus mucUcri). The sexes are easily distinguished, the hen having a horn- coloured, instead of a red. beak, and practically no blue in her plumage. Great-billed Parrakeet (Tanygnatluis macrorhyncus). The female is more slender than the male, has a smaller l)eak, and the lower part of the wing is green and not blue, as in the male. My birds always looked rough indoors, but got into fair plumage in an outdoor aviary. They never try to bite through the wire netting of their flight, though they could do so with ease if they tried. An old male I set at liberty soon got into first-rate plumage, and. from being a caricature of a parrot, became a noble looking bird with most beautiful colour- ing and markings. He also grew very lively, performing quaint antics and uttering the most extraordinary noises. Unfortunately, as nearly all unmated parrots do, he ultimately strayed and was lost, but I can say that he gave me more pleasure during the four months he stayed in my garden than during the four years I had previousy had him in confinement. "♦»<- The Norfolh Plover in India. By H. Whistler, F.Z.S.. M.B.O.U. Tn Bird Notes (May, 1916) I described a nest -of the Norfolk Plover found in a mango grove; it may be of interest therefore to describe anotlier nest in a different situation, The Norfolk Plover hi India. 165 During the course of an afternoon's collecting on the banks and islands of the river Chenab. near Jhang, on 25th May, iQif). one of my companions produced a fresh egg which I at once identified as that of the Norfolk Plover (Ocdicnemus scolopax): unfortunately at the time when he found the nest lie said nothing, but simply took the egg and gave it to me later on when it was too late for the identity to be verified. However, I learned approximately where it had been found, and chancing to be in the same place on 8th June, went to see whether there was any trace of a pair of these Plovers. It may be explained that in the vicinity many pairs of the Great Stone Plover (Esacus recurrirostris) were breeding, and that therefore there was always the chance that the egg found was merely a small egg of that species. The spot where the eggs had been found was a sparse belt of Tamarisk Scrub — thin whippy stems of tamarisk less than the height of a man. These grew on a sandy soil, which was partly covered with a thin deposit of dry alluvial mud deposited during some rise of the river and broken up by the action of wind, sun and passing feet. All round stretched an expanse of dry white sand, dotted here and there with riverain plants. The heat and glare of a sunmier sun on such ground, with the temperature at no in the shade, may be left to the imagination. No sooner had I entered one end of the tamarisk when a Norfolk Plover caught my eye, running quickly in the belt ahead of me. That satisfied me of the identity of the egg in my possession, but I thought it quite probable that in the fortnight which had elapsed the pair might have nested again; so I at one put into execution a plan which has always proved efficacious for the discovery of the eggs of the various birds that breed on these sands. Going hastily up to where the Plover was last seen running I soon found its tracks on the sand and gradually carried them backward, until they coincided with the track of a second bird (which I never saw) ; a few yards further back both tracks led me to the nest close to where I had entered the belt. A single egg was lying in a bare hollow scratched in the sand at the root of a small plant. By this time the Norfolk Plover had taken wing, and its alarm whistle was sounding ahead, echoed by the very similar call of a pair of Esacus which probably also had a nest somewhere in the neigh- i66 Records of Birds wJiicJi have Bred in Captivity. l)oiirhood. The above eg'i^'s measured respectively 51.5 by 38.5 and 47 by 37.5 m.m. Both Esaciis and Ocdicncmiis are very ahke in tlie field, especially in fii.Liht, and seen at such a distance that the difference in size cannot be accurately noted they are very hard to tell apart. Both in their turn with outstretched head and neck, larg'e rounded wint^'s. and conspicuous white bands appear in fliiiht but smaller editions of the Houbara Bustard (Houbara )}iacqiicciii ) which may also be found in the same localities alon.q" the river bank in the winter. Indeed in the winter when out hawking' I am always very pleased to find and f\y either of these plovers as from their flight and appearance they form very valuable " introductions " to the nobler quarry for a new or timid Falcon. In this portion of the S.W. Punjab the Norfolk Plover appears to be resident, but nowhere numerous or to be found with certainty; away from the river beds they are found on the sandy half desert plains, which stretch for miles in all directions, diversified with patches if thorny scrub or the various dry- looking' plants wdiich go to make up the desert flora. Esacus on the other hand is a summer visitor for the most part, only a few individuals ventiu^ing" to stop for the winter here and there, and is never met with away from the river bed where it feeds on the sand banks close to the water's edge. The Houbara Bustard is. of course, a winter visitor only. >^-^ Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. By E. Hopkinson, D.S.O.. M.A.. M.B. For meaning of al)l)reviations 7'ide ])as"cs 5H-59 (last vol.). PIGEONS. TRERONIDAE. 352.— NICOBAR IMPERIAL FRUITPiGEON. Carpophaga insularis. Zoo, 1905, tiic first time in captivity ; again in 1906. One young ijir Iiad lived ten days in 1904. tReports. Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. 167 COLUMBIDAE. 353.— SNOW PIGEON. Cohunba Icuconota. W.T.P. 1st Newman, 1910, A.S. Medal. A.M. (3) ii. 173. Abroad. 1st Cornely yRuss ; at Tours in 1876. yA.G.B. ii. 253. 354.— GUINEA PIGEON C i^mnca. W.T.P. Bred year after year in the Zoo. f-'^-G.B. ii. 254. 0 355.— BARE-EYED PIGEON C gyniuoplithalina. W.T.P. " Bred freely in the Zoo about 1S58 " lA.G.B. ii. 255. Abroad, ist Delaurier fRuss. 356.— PICAZURO PIGEON. C. picaziiro. W.T.P. " Quite likely to have been privately bred." A..G.B. ii. 255. 357.— SPLENDID PIGEON. C. spcciosa. Hybrids. SPLENDID PIGEON x SPOT-WINGED PIGEON. Abroad. Delacourt in France, 1914. See A.M. 1916, 275. 0 358.— SPOT-WINGED PIGEON. C. maculosa. W.T.P. Hybrids. X Spot-winged (Splendid Pigeon). 359.— WHITE-CROWNED PIGEON C. Icucoccphala. W.T.P. London Zoo, i.Soo. tK.uss. Seth Smith, 1902. /A.G.B. ii. 256. ♦ 360.— PORTO RICO PIGEON C sqmimoso. W.T.P. London Zoo, 1876 fRuss; and again in i88{). jA.G.B. ii. 257, i68 Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity 361.— RUFOUS PIGEON. C. nifimi. W.T.P. Zoo, 1909. 0 362.— CANARIAN PIGEON. C. laurivora. ist St. Quintiii, see A.M. v. 74. f A.G.B. ii. 260. 0- 363.— BOLLE'S PIGEON. C. bollei. Zoo, 1889. A.G.B. ii. 260. ar1);irv Dove (Dwarf Turtledove). X Llar))aiy Dove (Necklace Dove). X " Java Dove " (Turtledove). To be continued. -<-¥^^ Birds and Peace. By p. Gosse, M.D., R.A.M.C, i:tc. It will be very interesting' to see what result, if any. the altered conditions in rural England during" the last few years have led to in the comparative increase and decrease of many of our migrant birds, more especially those that arrive in this country in the spring-time to nest with us. An interesting attempt was made in the illustrated magazine British Birds in the years 1913 and 1914 to find out if certain migratory birds were increasing or decreasing in various ]>arts of England, and although the first attempt was far from concltisive owing to the instifificient amount of material, the reports sent in seemed to show a general tendency to a falling off in numbers of some of the species inquired about. For example the evidence for 1914 showed that the five following species were on the whole decreasing : viz : the land- rail, red-backed shrike, whinchat, red-start and wryneck. Others appeared to be holding their own, as the spotted flycatcher, chiff-chaiY. willow-warbler, white-throat, nightingale, and swallow, M-hile ihe only species that showed any actual increase was the house-martin; but it must be remembered that this was in comparison with the previous year w'hich was a particularly bad one for house-martins. Two resident species, the hawfinch and the red-poll, showed signs of a welcome increase. In the district in the South West of Hampshire, which is well-known to the writer and where he spent a few days in the early part of May, there was a most conspicuous increase of two species, the lesser white-throat, a bird that was before the war rather scarce there, and the goldfinch. Book Notices and Reviews. 171 The increase in goldfinches was most striking-, there beings pairs and small parties in every garden and orchard, and almost rivalling the chaffinches in numbers. It was certainly delightful to see these lovely little birds wherever one went, and, it will be good news indeed if these l)irds should prove to be on the increase in other parts of England. Anotlier bird that has increased largely in this ])art of Hampshire is the jay. In my garden, where before the war a jav was very seldom seen, 1 was surprised to see one morning a partv of no less than eight. But this was earlier in the spring, and the jays have now retired into the woods though they will visit the gardens later for the fruit and peas which they are so fond of. Biit the keepers are coming back now. and the jays will soon be in for a bad time, together with their fellow " vermin," the generally innocent and often useful span-ow- liawk and kestrel, both of which have made the most of their unwonted holiday from persecution. 1 was told by a friend, who was demobilised just before the close of the shooting season, that he and a friend went out for a long day expecting to get ne.xt to nothing, as there was so much " vermin " about, and he had reared no pheasants in coops, nor put down any food, and had no keeper but one old man. To his surprise and delight they got an excellent bag and very strong birds; and this notwithstanding the absence of keepers and the number of " vermin ! " -<>4-f^ Booh Notices and Reviews. A PRACTICAL HANDBOOK of BRITISH BIRDS: By various authors, edited by H. F. Witherby, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., with numerous half-tone and coloured illustrations. In i/ Mrs. A. M. Cook, F.Z.S- Swaiiison'B Lorikeet. All Rights Reserved. August, 1919. BIRD NOTES: THE — - JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. The Excellent Swainson's Lorikeet. By Sir Leo Chiozza Money. My greatest avicultural successes have been in the breeding- of (i) Mice, (2) More Mice, (3) Still More Mice, (4) Zebra Finches, and (5) Swainson's Lorikeets. So many of our members have had joyful experiences with the first three items that I will not attempt to dwell upon my own triumphs with the beautiful and prolific species so well-known in our aviaries. Nor is it necessary to say much about the Zebra Finch, who has so much to say for himself. I pass at once, then, to the fifth item in my list, the Swainson's Lorikeet, or Blue Mountain f^ory. and I have pleasure in doing so because I might easily never have made the personal acquaintance of Trichoglossus N ovac-Hollandiae, and think it probable that many of our members have been warned off from keeping it, as I was, unfortunately, for a very long time. The Swainson's Lorikeet is only one of many birds which have been badly libelled by various writers. I think it was Mr. Frost who first told me that one could keep the bird in an aviary of growing shrubs without fear of it doing much damage. This proved to be true in my experience, and it is a very great advantage because the drawback to keeping parrakeets is that, beautiful as they are, they have necessarily to be kept amidst arid surroundings because they make short work of vegetation. The Blue Mountain Lory in an aviary of moderate dimensions does so' little damage to shrubs that they remain a beautiful background for one of the gayest of birds. To see a pair of Swainson's Lorikeets with 174 7^^'^ Excellent S':cai}iso}rs Lorikeet. their two yonti.ij' j4anil)ollinj4' in an aviriry of i)ri\'et and lain'el. furnished with a few tree perches to ena])le tliem to (hsi)lay themselves, is a si^ltt not easily to be fort^'otten. I have said that tlie Swainson is .i^ay ; it is a word which well describes its colouring. The critic who compared it to a Berlin wool mat ouL^ht to be bitten by a Macaw otit of temper. The coloiirinL;- is variei^"ated, it is true, l)ut there are not so many brii^"ht thins^"s in this world that one can afford to despise the bine and ^reen and red and yellow and i)nrple of a Blue Mountain Lory. The head is striated blue mer.^ing into blackish i^^reen at the front of the neck, with a band of yellowish-g'reen on the nape. The back, winj^s, and tail are vivid screen, possessing a bright gloss. The breast is crossed by a band of cadmium yellow, blazed with brilliant scarlet vermilion, the amount of the blazing varying greatly in different examples. The males, I think, are usually redder than the females, but I am not sure of this. The belly has blue imposed on scarlet in such a way as to produce an effect of purple. The under tail coverts are yellow, and there is a yellow band under the wings. The tail is somewhat pointed. The beak is vermilion with an orange tip. The eye is black, the iris ringed with bright red. All the colours are brilliant and remain so throughout the year, the moult being almost imperceptible. In the young the colouring is almost the same as in the adult, but it is less vivid. The babies are just small copies of their handsome parents, and in two matters 1 like them better. These are that the eye lacks the red ring, which makes their expression much gentler, and that the beak is blackish red. The habits of the Lorikeet make it an exceedingly attractive feature in a garden aviary. It is exceedingly playful and intelligent, and talks quite plainly in a language of its own. wdiich is really much better, if you come to think of it, than if it talked bits of English which it did not understand. For my part. I would rather hear my Swainson 's Lorikeet answer me in his own tongue like a dog when I call his name than I would hear him tell me in English that it was a nice mornin;/ when it The Excellent Szvainson^s Lorikeet. 175 was raining-. The Swainson has been accused of being noisy but. as a matter of fact, it does not often squawk when kept intelligently, and its chatter is exceeding-ly amusing. It will become, in most cases, very tame, although individuals vary a great deal in this respect. The young play like puppies, rolling each other over and pretending to bite. As to feeding, nothing could be simpler, in spite of all that has been said on the subject. They thrive perfectly well on milk sop and plenty of green food, particularly chick-weed and lettuce. They like banana and apple, but can live without them. They are. of course, brush-tongued parrots, and were certainly never intended or evolved to live on a seed diet. No doubt the Swainson is exceedingly accommodating in the matter of food, for witness what Mr. A. F. Wiener wrote some years ago : " T would advise to feed these liirds on a mixture of canary-seed, " oats, milk'l, Indian corn, henip-sced. giving daily in addition either a " piece of sponge-cake, a little sweetened boiled rice, a couple of dates " or figs, or some ripe fresh fruit. Some writers on cage-birds have " called Swainson's Lorikeet a verv delicate bird. This assertion is " contradicted by the fact that I have kept these birds for years without " diiificultv. I presented one bird of this kind to a friend in the autumn " of 1870, and this bird lived over six years in my friend's study, laying " several eggs, although kept singly. Besides canary-seed and maize, this " Blue Mountain Lory was fed on a little sugar, with occasionally a morsel " of raw beef scraped verv fine and mixed with scraped carrot. I have " before me the names of four amateurs who have successfully bred this " parrot." Poor Blue Mountain! How he must have loved the scraped beef and carrot. I expect that what really happened was that he was too gentlemanly to refuse it or that, possibly, what he said about it was misunderstood. Of course, you may say that milk is an unnatural food for any bird; as a matter of fact milk is an " unnatural " food even for a mammal as soon as it is weaned, and I see no theoretical reason in the world why a Lorikeet, with its peculiar tongue, should not thrive upon such a superbly nutrient fluid and perfect food as we know milk to be. At any rate, Swainson's undoubtedly thrive on it, 1/6 The Exf client Szvaiiisoji's Lorikeet. I should add tliat I liave no doul)t that a Svvainson's Lorikeet conld be kept in good health on a syrup made of golden syrup " and water with a little biscuit or bread in it. of which they are very fond, with an addition of fruit and green food. In this connection it is on record that a Queensland farmer's wife tamed hundreds of Swainson's by providing sugar and water, and that in their native habitat with eucalyptus within easy reach. Some years ago I kept some Ceram Lories in perfect health on bananas and sponge cakes — but that was before the war ! As my birds are kept with seed-eaters and always have access to seed, it is quite plain that they do not naturally eat seed when they can get other things, for they never appear to touch it. When I first put a Blue INIountain Lory into an aviary containing a miscellaneous collection of hard-bills and soft-bills, I waited in fear and trembling for the awful results about which I had been warned. In practice, however, I found that the Swainson took not the slightest notice of any other birds; he just ignored their existence, and so I have always found it. I also have the clearest evidence that there would be a battle royal if they were put with parrakeets, for they quarrel with them through a wire partition. In a mixed aviary they rear their young without troubling about small birds, but I have no doubt that the nesting of small birds suffers through the Lorikeets clambering about. Next as to breeding. I have found, as others have found, that these birds breed without difficulty, that they are very prolific' and that they give not the slightest trouble. They lay two eggs (it is always two), hatching them in about four weeks, and lead their young out of the nest in about another four. We have not the time to give to precise observation, but this year two eggs were laid — the one just before, and the second just after May loth. The eggs were known to be hatched by June loth. and by July loth. the young had left the barrel in perfect condition. Archibald, as my adult Swainson is called, is usually a good father, but this year he appeared to Tlic Excellent Szvainsoii's Lorikeet. 177 be so anxious to rear a second family that he began punching the young ones about ten days after they left the nest. The nest, by the way, is a roomy barrel with a little sawdust at the Ijottom. They were therefore removed from his society and proved to be quite well able to look after themselves. A few days later the lady began to lay again, and the second brood is doubtless now on the way. I say doubtless, because they never disappoint us (Touch wood! ). No special food need be given during the breeding time. They just carry on. Perhaps I may remind the reader that a lady aviculturist. Miss Rosa Little, succeeded in breeding the Swainson's Lorikeet in an aviary cage with a f^oor area. I think, of less than four feet. I should not myself care to keep such a bird in a cage, even a big one. but in an aviary they are not dirty. 1 ought to add that they are quite hardy, living in an un-heated aviary all the year round, and show no signs of distress even in the coldest or dampest weather. No doubt they are helped in this because of their comfortable and sensible habit of snuggling into a nest-box at night. My first Swainson's Lorikeet was a very fine bird which I bought through an advertisement by a member in this Magazine. It was described as a beauty, and so it was. Also, it was thought to be a cock — which it was not. It was a fine large bird and I looked about for a hen. A member kindly supplied one. and we put the birds together. This so disgusted my first acquisition that he, by which I mean she, laid an egg that night to indicate that we had made a slight mistake. After that we called her " Mrs. Sainson '" and as soon as we found a proper mate for her — my present Archibald — she went to nest. She was a delightful creature, and took joy in having tea with us and sitting on the ladies' heads. Archibald, however, changed her character for the worse ; she was never quite so tame after he came. After two years we had the misfortune to lose her through a growth round the beak which proved to be intractable. We then found another wife for Archibald, but she is a somewhat smaller bird than our original hen. I mention this as a note that the sexes are somewhat difiicult to distinguish. I think, however, that the hen has usually a 178 Rc})iiniscciiCi'S. slighter and effeminate-looking head, and that she has rather less scarlet on the breast. Certainly that is so with some pairs which I have closely examined. -0~f4^ Reminiscences. By Capt. L. Lovell-Keays, R.A.M.C, F.Z.S. (Continued from page 133). Last month was occupied with the Prologue. This month I must plunge in niedias res and unfold my story. My first entry into the ranks of aviculturists was due entirely to our Hon. Editor and poor Major Perreau. than whom no keener or more charming aviculturist ever existed. He was one of the bulwarks of aviculture — the fons ci origo of innumerable interesting, rare, and beautiful new species. His place can never be filled. His birds arrived from India in faultless condition, and proved the fact by repeatedly going to nest almost as soon as they were turned out into the lucky possessor's aviaries. To even dream of Niltavas, Minlas, Brown-backed Robins and Zosterops, to say nothing of the fascinating Yuhinas, fills one with delight, but what of actually possessing them ? Can those days, those delights ei'er return ? Not unless mealworms spring up out of the ground. I used to buy /lbs. at a time, and now one cannot buy 7 ounces. Where are all the breeders of these succulent coleoptera ? I mean people who write articles telling you how to breed them. Now is the tiiue to make an honest penny, but he must beware of profiteering in the future. They can be bred, for I have done it — not on a commercial scale it is true, but sufficiently freely to keep me always supplied with young larvae for rearing voung birds. Soft-bills cannot be kept without mealworms or their equivalent, except when lit'c ants' " eggs " are available. But they must be alive. My birds seldom cared for the dried article ; true, they gulped them down with the rest of the insectile w c Reminiscences. lyg mixture, but with no relish. 1 have a few birds now, and on my half holiday I yo to a famous spot near here where in April 1 can hear the chiff-chaff; in June the niyhtinyiale ; and in July tht? melodious " gurr " of the nightjar. Here I take my tea, and a spade, and bring- home a large amount of sand and comparatively few live ants' eggs. I can tell by the tread where the eggs are, and quickly collect a few hundred " eggs." The sand covers the floor of the aviary, and the eggs are an ever acceptable addition to the birds' menu. But this is digressing" — an incur- able habit with me — Revcnons a nos moittons and let us hear about your first experiences I can hear my gentle reader say. lest the gentle reader remain gentle no longer. The first aviary 1 ever built was a fine large one WMth a fine flight, 39ft. by 30ft. and 8ft. high. From an aviculturist's ])oint of view it was a distinctly humorous effort, but like so many episodes it began in comedy and ended in tragedy. I think it possessed as many faults and draw]:)acks as a good sized aviary could very well possess. And I found them out alright. I think it was the dampest spot in the whole place ; the ground never properly drained itself; in the winter it was mortar, and in the summer, Ijricks. The grass was dank. Along the south side was a tall hedge which, even if it kept the driving S.W. wind off, kept the sun off just when it was most needed. And hozi' many people think of the as])ect when they build an aviary? It is a proved fact that sun and disease are as opposed as the poles. Watch how a sickly bird will follow a ray of sunshine as the sun gets up into the heavens. See its plumage get tight, and its breathing get easy as the sun gets power. And yet one sees aviaries so constructed as to exclude every ray of sunshine as though it brought the plague with it instead of driving it hence. Bird fever cannot revel in sunshine any more than a goldfish can on a gravel walk. Then the shelter; its only advantage was that it possessed an ever open door, and did face south. It was a simple hut about 8ft. by 4ft. if I remember aright. About big enough to house half a dozen pairs of budgerigars and a couple of pairs of Brotogerys, Nevertheless, in it were bred innumerable budg- i8o R ciuiinscciiccs. Nesting barrel. erii^ars, two or three nests of Jved-riimps, besides a nest of Madagascars, and tln-ee broods of Black-cheeked Lovebirds — all in the summer months. It was in tliis aviary that the system of eaves was devoped to its fullest extent, and i)roved a very valuable addition to the aviary. But I soon found that a pair of quarrelsome parrakeets cleared lo or 12 feet of eaves, and that it was necessary to divide them up with compartments with a vertical board at intervals of 3 or 4 feet. 1 also proved it was a good plan to put a shelf in the eaves \» thus: — on which nesting barrels were \y ' placed. This formed a very snug shelter ]^ for the birds, and being inconspicuous pre- V vented interference on the part of the other inmates. On the wall of the eaves were nailed strong oak boughs, and under the eaves were erected shelves for the birds' food. In this way one constructed a reason- ably good aviary out of what seemed a hopeless proposition. But I cannot and do not commend it for anything but a summer aviary. I had a bird bath there, but found the birds preferred to drink the dew off the grass, and, in fact, to bathe in the wet grass. Parrakeets are not great drinkers at the best of times. But this aviary with all its faults bred two medal-winning nests, viz. All Green and Cactus Conures, a fact I attribute to its size, its system of eaves, and hidden nest barrels, and to the fact that the whole of the north end of the aviary was boarded up. the boarding being extended laterally on either side for 10 or 12 feet. This ensured shelter from the North winds and comparative privacy, in fact a virtual shelter with an open roof; and last but not least to the food provided. Parrakeets require a varied diet as well as other birds, but mine never got ripe fruit or any other fancy diet — just the ordinary parrot mixture, as well as an abundance of millet and canary seed. One more word before 1 close. The aviary was 8ft. high. and I got the manufacturers to weave me 8ft. netting. The idea was that it would, as it were, wrap round the poles Reminiscences. i8i (uprights) and save lacing. But the idea, although good, did not prove altogether a success. It was unwieldy, and sagged very badly. Moreover, one had to sink wire netting into the ground to make it rat-proof, and then lace that to the netting" above. At any rate I came to the conclusion that it is far better to have 6ft. net<^inp; and carry it from side to side sinking the ends i8in. deep and a foot out, thus : — which I Ground reminds me that in one aviary I be- » level., came possessed of there was a brook l8-inches. that ran through it, led in and out by drain pipes. Over the mouth 12 irTheT"' °^ ^^^^ drain pipes was ^in. netting, which collected the leaves and deb- ris, aiiu so cuiiseJ a partial block, with the result that the water tunnelled its way to the side, first of all, of the drain pipe, and latterly of the masonry in which the drain pipe was afterwards fixed. Rats got in through this adventitious opening, and made short work of the birds. The motto is — " Beware of tapping streams for the aviaries," — it is almost impossible to exclude rats if you do. But this aviary is another story, and came into my possession much later in my avicultural life. The next aviary after my first parrakeet aviary was what we called the " Cowhouse Aviary." It had the makings of an excellent aviary but possessed certain inherent faults. But as space in Bird Notes is limited, and the Hon. Editor has written for his copy I must draw one more reminiscence to a close, and merely enumerate my deductions from this short tarticle. They are as follow : — I . — Build your aviaries with a view to the winter and not to the summer. Birds will live anywhere from May to October. 2. — Be a stm worshipper, and remember the north sides of hedges never get the sun in the Northern hemisphere. 3. — If you cannot accommodate your birds with decent shelter, and by decent is meant warm, light, airy, and sunny, supply them with eaves. 4. — Keep your food tables dry and sheltered, also be sure and have several, for the bullies of which there are always a few i82 Records of Birds •which have bred in Captivity. > . \ in every aviary will get not only all the tit-bits but most of the bread and butter as well. 5. — To breed parrakeets freely and successfully; plentv of room and a varied diet are necessary. V erb. sap. (To be continued). >¥^< Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. By E. Hopkinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. For meaning" of aljbreviations 'J'hie pages 58-59 (last vol.)- (Continued from page 170). 374a. — " JAVA DOVE," a white var. of the preceding. Commonly bred. Hybrids, see above.* 375.— HALF-COLLARED TURTLEDOVE ,S scmitorquata. W.T.P. Zoo, commonly. Hybrids. <^ HALF-COLLARED TURTLEDOVE x TURTLEDOVE. W.T.P. Zoo, 1911. X Half-collared Turtledove (Indian Ringdove). -^^ 376.— DECEPTIVE TURTLEDOVE. S. decipiens. W.T.P. 1st, Newman, 1900. A.S. Medal. A.M. (3) i. 120. ♦ 377.— CAPE TURTLEDOVE S capicola. W.T.P. Zoo, 1906. * Vide page ijo. Records of Birds n'liicli have bred in Capiiz'ity. 183 378._VINACEOUS TURTLEDOVE S. vinacea. W.T.P. Abundantly l)recl in the Zoo. jA.Ci.B. ii. 271. Abroad. Berlin Zoo. jRuss. <> 379.— INDIAN RINGDOVE S. douraca. Hybrids. INDIAN KINGDOM' x HALF-COLLARED TURTLEDOVE. Zoo, 1904. 0 380.— DWARF TURTLEDOVE Onopclia humilis. W.T.P. Zoo, 1864, 1900, fA.G.B. ii. 272. 1905, fReport. <^ 381.— NECKLACE DOVE. Spilopclia ligrina. W.T.P. Butler. " easily bred " fA.G.B. Abroad, ist Karl, fRuss. Hybrids. NECKLACE DOVE x BARBARY DOVE. W.T.P. X SENEGAL TURTLEDOVE. W.T.P. X Necklace Dove (Barbary Dove). ^ 382.— SPOTTED TURTLEDOVE S siiralcisis. W.T.P. Zoo, 1877, 1878. fA.G.B. ii. 274. A^ 383.— SENEGAL TURTLEDOVE. Stignialopclia scucgalciisis. W.T.P. Zoo, 1861-66 and later. fA.G.B. ii. 275. 1912 tRcport. Abroad, ist Landaucr, fRuss. 184 Records of Birds ivh'ich hai'c bred in Captivity. Hybrids. X Senegal Turtledove (Necklace Dove). <^ 384.— BAR-SHOULDERED DOVE GcopcUa hum era! is. W.T.P. Zoo, 1868 onwards. yA.G.B. ii. 276. Abroad, ist, Russ, fRuss. c> 385.— PEACERUL DOVE. G. tranqtiilla. W.T.P. Teschemaker, 1908. See B.N. 1908, 183. Abroad, ist Blaauw, fRuss. <> 386.— ZEBRA DOVE. G. striata. W.T.P. Cresswell, 1897. See A.M. iii. 205. f A.G.B. Abroad, ist Landauer, Russ. 387.— MAUGE'S DOVE. G. niaitgaci. W.T.P. London Zoo fRuss ; in 1868, (one), f A.G.B. ii. 277. 0 388.— DIAMOND DOVE G. cuneata. W.T.P. Zoo, 1870 and later, f A.G.B. ii. 278. 1906, 1908. fReport. Abroad, ist, Russ, fRuss. ^ 389.— SCALY DOVE. ScardafcUa squamosa. W.T.P. 1st, Seth Smith, 1904. A.S. Medal. See A.M. n.s. ii. 278. Zoo, 1912, the first time there. fReport. Abroad, ist, Russ fRuss. Sonic Notes on Keeping Parrakcets. 185 390.— PICUl DOVE. Columbiila piciii. W.T.P. Zoo, 1906. ♦ 391.— PASSERINE DOVE. Chamaepelia passcriiia. W.T.P. Willford, 1909. See B.N. 1909, 228. Abroad, ist. Russ, fRuss. " easily bred " fRuss. 0 392.— DWARF GROUND-DOVE C. juiniita. W.T.P. i.st, Teschemakcr. A.S. Medal, 1908. See A.M. (2), vi. 257, and B.N. igo8, 128. <;> 393.— TALPACOTI DOVE. C. falpacoti. W.T.P. Zoo, 1868 and later; Castle Sloane, 1903. 1904, tA.G.B. ii. 280. Abroad, ist, Lasdauer, fRuss. " easily bred " fRuss. 0 394.— GEOFFROY'S DOVE Peristcra gcoffroyi. W.T.P. Zoo, 1876 and later, f A.G.l^.. ii. 281. ^ 395. — CAPE DOVE. Oena capcnsis. W.T.P. An account in B.N. 1915, 222, (Bright). To this there is an editorial note, " it has been a long period since any account of successful reproduction has been published." Abroad, ist. Russ, fRuss. " easily bred " fRuss. ^ 396.— TAMBOURINE DOVE. Tyuipanistria tympanistria. W.T.P. ist, Butler, 1906. A.S. Medal. See A.M. n.s. iv. 307. <> 397.— EMERALD DOVE. Chalcopelia afra. W.T.P. Zoo, 1886, 1888. fA.G.B. ii. 284. Abroad, ist, Russ, fRuss. 0 397a. — GREEN-SPOTTED DOVE. C. chalcospUos. (included in the preceding in the Hand List). Abroad. In France, tRuss. ^ To be continued, i86 Some Notes on Keeping Parrakects. Some Notes on Keeping Parraheets. By The Marquis of Tavistock. ( Cojitiinied from page 104). CONURES. I have never been what a dealer once described as a " strong- bnyer of Coniires," and therefore only feel qualified to refer to this family of parrakeets in a brief and general way. In my own opinion there are only three s])ecies whose beauty compensates for the disagreeable qualities characteristic of the genus, and I have never been fortunate enough to obtain them. Conures are very noisy, very destructive to woodwork, and very vicious with other birds, though some consent to live in amity with their own and alHed species. On the other hand, to give them their due, Conures are lively, amusing, and easy to keep, and breed in outdoor aviaries. They do fairly well in close confinement, and become much attached to their owners, show- ing, in some cases, a fair aptitude for talking. When kept in cages they should have very little hemp or sunflower seed and .plenty of fruit to eat and branches to gnaw, otherwise they are subject to liver disease and feather-plucking. They are great bathers. The sexes are usually very difficult to distinguish. Quaker Parrakeet ( Myopsiitacus monachus ). Like the conures, the Quaker parrakeet is noisy, vicious with all but its own species, and very destructive, being able to bite through wire netting with ease. It is hardy and will stand any amount of cold, l;)ut generally does badly if continually caged. As most aviculturists know, it is the only parrot w'hich builds a nest of sticks. Quakers have been bred at liberty in this country, but as a rule they are not to be recommended for turning out, as they do a lot of mischief to the garden, and generally stray after staying well for some months. T know of no method of distinguishing the sexes, Some Notes on Keeping Parrakeets. 187 CocKATii-x fCalopsiftaciis noz'ae-hollandice). The Cockatiel is well known in captivity, being a favour- ite on account of its extreme hardiness and readiness to breed, even in a small aviary. It will also do well in a cage, and makes a nice pet. as it is not unpleasantly noisy, and sometimes learns to say a few words. It is generally quiet in mixed company, but breeding pairs must be kept separate when nesting. Both sexes incubate. Cockatiels are useless for turning out at liberty as they are powerful fliers, migratory, and practically devoid of any homing instinct. The male may be distinguished by the primrose colouring on the head, both sexes having a reddish cheek patch. The young much resemble the female. Budgerigar (Melopsittocus undulatus). So much has been written about this well-known bird that it seems almost superfluous to add to existing litertature dealing with its management and breeding. Budgerigars can stand a lot of cold when in really good condition, but require warmth if in poor feather. The food should consist of canary, millet, oats, and grass — particularly seeding grass. The birds do not bathe, but enjoy rolling in long wet turf; they will breed in quite a small aviary or even in a big cage, but it is cruel to keep them altogether in a small cage where they cannot use their wings, such treatment being productive of disease of the respiratory organs. Budgerigars are fairly amiable in mixed company, but many individuals are vicious with finches. They like the society of their own species, but single hens must never be left with breeding pairs as they are very apt to kill the young. The sexes may be distinguished, when in breeding condition, by the colour of the bare skin round the nostrils, that of the male being blue, and that of the female dark brown. Budgerigars will breed at all times of the year, but it is a wise plan to give them a rest in winter by taking away the nest-boxes. Four <:olour varieties of the Budgerigar are known in captivity, green, olive, yellow, and blue. The blues are very lovely, and at present, by reason of their scarcity, command a high price. Budgerigars are very destructive to growing shrubs. 1 88 Some Notes on Keeping Parrakeets. There is one instance on record of Budgerigars perma- nently establishing" themselves at liberty, but as a rule they are a failure, the majority migrating in autumn, while the survivors are soon devoured by owls. There is, however, no reason why Budgerigars should not be kept at liberty from the end of April to the beginning of September, and the little birds are so cheap and prolific, and so lovely to watch in a state of freedom that anyone with suitable grounds is quite justified in making an experiment with them. PARROTLETS. Two species or allied races of these little birds are fairly freely imported. They require warmth when newly arrived, but can often be wintered successfully out-of-doors after being hardened off. The food should consist of canary, millet, hemp, oats, and moistened bread or sponge cake. Parrotlets are fairly willing to lay in captivity, but are nothing like such free breeders as Budgerigars; they do not require much room, but will not thrive in very small cages where no opportunity is given them of resting. They are moderately quiet with other birds, but are given to lighting murderously among themselves, and must on no account be overcrowded. If it is necessary to keep a number together in a confined space, it is a wise precaution to separate the sexes, as this tends to discourage fighting. If allowed full liberty Parrotlets should be treated like budgeri- gars ; they are fair stayers but not free breeders. Blue-winged Parrdtlet (Ps'itiacula passeriiw). Male has a blue rump and secondaries ; female entirely green. I rather think the young male has no blue on first leaving the nest, but very soon acquires it. Guiana Parrotlet (Psiftacula guianensis). Differs from the above in thte male having a green rump, and the female a yellowish face. LOVEBIRDS. Four species are commonly imported, the others being very rare in confinement. The food should consist of canary, millet, and hemp, with green-food if they will eat it. Lovebirds So)uc Notes on Keeping Parrakeeis. 189 line their nests with strips of soft bark, straw, etc. They will nest readily in very small aviaries and flig"ht cages, but pine awav in small cai^es. where they are not allowed to nest. Pkacii-fackd LovEiURi) ( A gapoDiis roscicollis). A sprightly and beautiful bird, prolific and hardy, but noisy for its size, and very vicious in mixed company. Breeding pairs must also l)e kept separate from one another. Peach-faces will nest in a cage a few feet square, but if kept too short of exercise are a])t to be infertile and take to feather- plucking. They should be supplied with fresh groundsel when rearing young, but as a rule refuse green food at other times. The sexes are much alike, but the hen is generally a trifle less brilliantly coloured, has a smaller " blaze," and the green cap comes down lower over the eye RKn-FACKD Lovebird ( Agapovnis piillaria). Much resembles the peach-face in disposition, but is more sensitive to cold and is far less ready to breed. It is generally delicate when first imported. The cock has black feathers underneath the wing, and usually a much brighter red face than the hen. Black-cfieeked I-.ovep,ird ( Agapornis nigrigcnis). A hardy and amusing little bird resembling the budgeri- gar in disposition in almost every respect. It is a very free breeder, but the sexes are indistinguishable. The Black- cheeked Lovebird nests freely at liberty, but the majority migrate in late August and September. Madacascar Lovep.ird (Agapornis cana). Has often been wintered out of doors, but is liable to contract incurable lung trouble if left out in bad weather. The Madagascar is much more quarrelsome than the Black-cheek, but not so bad as the Peach-face. It breeds freely in confine- ment and at liberty, but in a state of freedom is very liable to become paralysed in the legs; why, I cannot imagine, as I have never known it to be similarly affected in captivity. The male has a grey head and can be distinguished from the female almost from the time of leaving the nest, the female's head being green. 190 Birds and Peace. Birds and Peace. By Capt. J. S. Reeve, G.G. Dr. Gosse's article nmler above heading" leads me to think th.'it a few notes on my own experience may be of interest to our readers, firstly, with reference to those he has mentioned 1 am inclined to think that the Landrail has decreased here (Leadenham, Lines.) of late years and this year I have not heard of one at all; the Whinchat on the other hand has. 1 believe. become more prevalent, for 1 have known of at least six nests, a fact I was never aware of in pre-war times: the Redstart lias always been extremely rare and the Wryneck 11 on csf. The Red- backed Shrike was plentiful where I was soldiering" throughout the war ;';/ Surrey. It has seemed to n"ie that I have never seen so many Spotted Flycatchers, or found so many nests of them as this year. Chiffcnaffs are fairly plen- tiful, but not to be compared with the Willow Wrens and White- throats, which swarm. The Nightingale is holding its own ; Swallows fairly so, and Martins, as Dr. Gosse says, are on the increase. The Hawfinch, though little in evidence, breeds here, probably every year: the Redpoll I have not observed since the war, but it nested here about three years ago. The Goldfinch holds its own but nothing" approaching Dr. Gosse's experience: the Chaffinch is. I believe, the commonest bird in the country I Great Tits are very numerous and Nuthatches holding their own well. With reference to the Jay, in Surrey they swarmed. Until about 10 years ago such a bird was not seen here exce])t in isolated cases which were soon cured by the keepers ! Before the war, and still more during it. they have become comparati^•elv con^mon and established themselves as a nesting species. The v.rir has noticeably increased the stock of Crows and Magpies, several nests of each being found and destroyed : another bird that has very much increased of late years is the Little Owl: I have myself seen six nests this season and I dare say there are 30 pairs in the neighbourhood. Kestrels hold their own, for within l)ounds they are useful members of society, but T can hardly agree to let off the Sparrow-hawk as " generally innocent and often useful ! " The Birds of a Surrey Sinalllwldiiig. 191 Cuckoos were as plentiful here as ever 1 have known them. The (ireat Creasted Grebe appears to be a species on the increase where there are waters spacious enough to attract it. In conclusion I should say I have heard at least three (.Quails this season and flushed one. -<^¥^^ The Birds of a Surrey Small Holding, By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., etc. While in these notes I shall write principally of the present year, my observations cover the last three years, and while all episodes relate to this year, the demeanour of the birds so referred to covers three years' obser\ations. By way of digression I will briefly refer to the point of increase of certain species referred to by Dr. Gosse in " Birds and Peace " in last issue of Bird Notes. Goldfinches have been much more plentiful than in any of preceding years (1916, 7 and 8). Till recently they have been distributed among near-by orchards, nesting and rearing their young, but since mid-July small flocks of froiii six to twenty have been daily visitors to my vegetable garden, going and coming at intervals throughout the day, consisting of greypates and adult birds. More particularly have they been in evidence on the patch of rough ground given up to chicken raising; here thistle heads, wild cornflowers, etc. abound, and a pretty sight indeed it has been to see the various small family parties, I believe, feeding thereupon. Jays, Owls (three speciesj and Hawks have also much increased Jays have not been observed on the holding itself, though occasionally stray ones have been observed upon the fences, but in a belt of trees bordering an adjoining meadow, there one not only hears their pleasant garrulousness, but sees glimpses of lovely blue as they disport amid the branches — so far they have left my peas, etc. alone, as also have the Hawfinches, who are also numerous in the district. 192 The Birds oj a Surrey SniaUholdUig. 1 sliould also say that at the l)ott()in of the meadow above referred to runs a small ri\er, with the belt ot trees beyond; here one s^ets glimpses of the lo\ely hues of a Kiui^'fi slier, who frequents the rixerbanks; ])ossil)ly I ou,i;ht to write in the i)lural, but as 1 have only observed one on any occasi(jn 1 have not so written. Turtle l)o\e (Tiniiir turiiir). — Of these really beautiful birds as many as a dozen may often be seen feeding;- anions; my poultry at one and same time, and there are few hours in the day when they are entirely absent I have cauyht two pairs, which now adorn my large aviary. Wood Pigeons are less numerous anil only one has been seen on the holding, but occasionally two (pair?) have been seen feeding in the adjoining meadow. 1 may interpolate here, that in the surrounding meadow Pheasants, Partridges, Lapwings, Rooks and Crows, are very numerous at various times during the year, especially in the early mornings and evenings. This is qtiite a Cuckoo district, and, welcome as their pleasant call is in the early spring, it becomes monotonous and disturbing a little later. They are frequently to be seen and heard (usually several at the same time) in the early morning, again at noon, and the whole of the evening l... quite late. I heard its voice for the last time this year on the evening of July 17th. The Chaffinch is, perhaps, the most numerous species. and these are as common, if not more so, than Passer domesticus. The T.esser Redpoll has been very numerous, quite flocks of them, and they have bred in the trees adjoining my holding, and also in a very tall conifer in the front of the house. The Linnet also is to l)c seen in fairly large flocks and very beautiful they look, too, foraging amid the vegetables, as they display the lovely rose-coloured patches on head and breast. The Birds of a Surrey Small liohliiig. 193 Blackbirds and Tlirushes abound and breed everywhere on and around the holding. The (ireenhnches breed in almost every ii;"arden, and on my holding- and also the house garden they favour a high nest site. Another welcome visitor, and rather a rare one, is the Blackcap. I ha\'e only seen them singly on the holding. During the whole of July and for the first week of this month one has visited the holding and charmed me with his lovely song, always from amid the raspberry canes. The raspberries were all gathered last week, and I have neither seen nor heard him for the past three days. The glory of the holding and the adjoining meadows is the lark — all the season their song has been entrancing (silent now), six or more often pouring out their sweet melody at the same time. During the past three years I have observed Alauda arvensis closely and have noted certain facts which were new to me. In the adjoining meadow, quite close to my fence, a pair nested in 1916 and each succeeding year since. I noted that prior to the hatching of the young the male bird always poured out his song while soaring, and 1 have not observed him doing so from any other position during that period. When, from obvious signs, there have been young in the nest, he has not only sung while soaring, but also frequently from the top of my fence, in almost a direct line with the nest, and while so engaged his attitudinising was exactly similar to that of a captive lark in the low-front of his cage. Again, when the young have begun to fly, and the family party to wander a little — I have frequently watched the family party amid my cabbages, foraging on the ground — the male frequently poured out his song while prancing about around and among his wife and little ones, and while so engaged his movements were exactly similar to those of the captive bird in its cagfe. 194 J^^'^ Birds of a Surrey Smallhulduig. Alas ! for the past week or a little more they have been silent. Jenny Wren is, of course, e\ery\vhere and her nest has been found on the holding and in the house i^arden on several occasions. Tits, too, of several species — Blue, and Great are connnonest — are numerous. In 1917 a pair of Great Tits nested in a drain pipe (out of usej leaning' casually against a shed front; the top of the pipe was quite open, and the sitting bird not more than nine inches down the pipe, and quite unprotected in any way from the weather or vermin. Rats are very numerous, and cats frequently pass over the ground, yet nine young made a successful exit from the nest. I was able to examine them daily and the parent birds did not appear to resent my presence. Bullfinches, 1 think, must be on the decrease in this district — previous years 1 have seen them frequently and in the autumn small flocks of them; this year I have only seen a single specimen. Chiff-chaffs, Williow Warblers, Greater and Lesser White-throats have been very numerous, and, I should say were on the increase. The familar Robin, of course, abounds; the Garden Warbler is only occasionally seen ; the Tree-Creeper is frequently seen, but only singly. Spotted Flycatchers are also increasing, and are quite numerous; they have nested both on the holding and in the house garden. The Accentor, too, is very numerous, sweet. c|uaint. " ShufBe-wing " — their nests have been found in the hedge- bottoms of the holding and house garden, and I should say from 20 to 50 are about the latter place daily and more in evidence in the autumn and winter than other times, but during the spring and summer they are to be seen numerously, foraging on the lawn and in the pheasant runs. Editorial. 195 Every house with eaves has its nest or nests of House Martins, and they are very famihar birds of the district and quite numerous. Evidently they are on the increase too. In the fruit trees they usually spend the first two days following" their exit from the nest on the top branches, and it is most interesting to watch the parent birds wheeling- about in the air above the tree and then feeding their progeny with their captures, the parent birds wheeling about in the air above the tree, and then feeding their progeny with their captures. The Starling, too, is very numerous, and in the fall they assemble in quite large flocks, but I must bring this meandering to an al)rupt conclusion, and defer other notes to some future occasion. Editorial. Zoo XoTES : The July Report on the Additions to the Menagerie tabulates quite extensive additions to the order AVES., including one species (Pere David's Babbler — Pteror- liiiuis daz'idi). The additions include: — I Ross's Plantain-Eater ( Musophaga rossae). 1 Bare-faced Fruit-Pigeon (Vinago calva). 2 Grant's Francolins (Francolinus granti). 2 Greenish Hangnests (Pseudoleistes virescens). and a number of Ploceidae and Fringillidae. The following are reported to have bred (reared young) in the Menagerie: — 3 Pileated Song-Sparrows (Zonotrichia pileata). 2 Crested Pigeons (Ocyphaps lophotes). I Brush Bronze-winged Pigeon (Phaps elegans). I African Palm Dove (Turtur senegalensis). I Barred Dove (Geopelia striata). I Buckley's Ground Dove (Chamaepelia bttckleyi). 6 Carolina Ducks ( Lampronessa sponsa). 5 Spot-billed Ducks (Anas poecilorhyncha). I Chestnut-breasted Teal (Nettium castaneum). 3 Ruddy-Sheldrakes (Casarca casarca). 5 Eider Ducks (Somater'm lUQllissima) — Hatched from Eggs. [96 Editorial. Nesting Notf.s : Lord Ta\'istock reports a very unlucky IjreecliiiL;' season -lots of ej^s^s. and a i^ood many yonnj^', but very few reared. The Stanley Parrakeets have a.L;ain success- fully reared youni;-. Mr. T. Ilebb. of Luton, writes: — I have had bad luck this year, as I lost my youn^- Rosellas, and also younta: Red- rumps, the former, 1 think, throui^h the boy i^'ivini;" them i:;'roundsel that had bei^un to decay; the Red-rumps' barrel fell down one coUl nii^ht, and they were all dead when I found them next mornini;-. Neither of these pairs have t^one to nest since. A good number of young- Budgerigars have been successfully reared, but only two Black-cheeked Lovebirds, and no Peach- face Lovebirds so far. j\Ir. H. Bright, of Cressington Park, is moving his aviaries this year, owing to a change of residence, and though nests and eggs have been very numerous this season, not many young birds have been reared, it being impossible to avoid disturbing them to some extent ; and consequently the season has been less productive tlian usual with him. The followin.g species have young on the wing: — Long-tailed (irassfincli (I'ucpliila acittkauda). Zebra Miicli (Taeuiopyoja castanotis). Masked Dove (Aena capensis). (irecn Cardinal (Gnhcrnatrix cristata). \'u\K' Cardinal i I'aroaria doniliiica). nianiond Dove (ucopclia cuncala). Rather a ]K)()r season, but there are more young in the nests, and ,-1 i)air ot Ued-lieaded (lonldian I'inches are due to hatch. The lulitor would be greatly obliged if other members would send in records and articles. ^^»<>- Book Koilccs and Rci'iczi's. 197 Booh Notices and Reviews. The Journal of the British Society of Avicui.tltrk : This interesting and very practical quarterly Journal is devoted principally to poultry, though no branch of aviculture is entirely neglected. Three parts have been issued. ■ It is free to mem- bers, and ij.'jd. post free to the public. — B.S.A., 68. Torrington Square, London : W.C. Part II. contains articles on: Depluming Sabies {V . V. Theobald. Al.A.. l'".E.S., F.B..^".A.); Expei-iments in Incubation (G, H. Lamson); Plea for Teaching pf Poultry Keeping in Elementary Schools (B. (i. Abel, F.R.H.S.. A.B,S.A.); Black in Fowls (The Editor); Colour in Birds (VV. P. Pycraft) ; Ban- tams for Profit (J. F. Entwisle, F.B.S..A-); Ind. Runner Ducks (J. W. Walton, F.B.S.A.); Amaduvade Waxbill (W. T. Page, F.Z.S., IvB.S.A.); Treat: of Crop-bound Fowls (W. M. Broom- head, h'.B.S.A.); Acquired High Fecundity (O. Smart); Some Notes on Geese (F. W. Smalley, F.Z.S., F.B.S.A.); The Compion Round (T. C. Solom#iK).u,.. J..P., F.B.S.A.): Turkey Farming as a Business (E. J. F. Davies. F.B.S.A.. A.B.W.S.); Soc. Intelligence; Adverts., etc. Part III. contains: Successful' Examination Work (Editor); Aspergillosis (VV. A. King, F.R.C.V.S., etc.); Some Notes on Ducks^(F. W. Smalley, M.--B.O,U., etc.);. Cult of B'rd- Kceping (W. T. Page, F.Z.S., etc.); Nptes on.the Red-chpeked Bulbul (Marquis of Tavistock); Coccidiosis in Poultry (F.V. Theobald, M.A.. etc.); Determination of Sex and Colour (Rev. T:-.C. W^ild, B.A., F.B.S.A.);T)en:l in Shell Problem (H. P. Evans, F.B.S.A.); Nitrogenous Equilibrium (W. Hooley, F.B.S.A., etcl); E}e versus Head- in Poultry Feeding (W. Powell-Evans; F.B.S.A.); Good Birds and Naughty, Stomach Tests (Kx. Daily Mail): Society Intelligence; Flightless Birds and their Lessons, E. J. F. Davies, F.B.S.A., etc.); Value of Garden Waste; Some Reminiscences of a Poultry Enthusiast (N. Sedgwick. F.B.S.A.); Balanced Rations (VV. W. Broom- head, F.B.S.yV.); Adverts.— Editor. Rev. ]. N. Wynne Williams. B.A.. F.B.S.A.. A.B.W.S. 198 Book Notices and Rci'icws. We commend tliis excellent little journal to our readers THE BKlTlSi:] SOCIETY OE AVICULTURE. 68, Toriinjj;"ton Square. London. W.C, Awards diplomas to successful candidates qualifying by examination, and distinctive hoods are conferred. The design- ations of Society may also be employed. Aviculturists of repute may apply for admission, in which case the examination need not be taken. A quarterly journal is published, and a circulating library is available for members' use. E. J. Fr.ancis Davies, F.B.S.A., A.B.W.S.. Hon. General Sccrelary. -<^4-¥<- AN IMPORTANT CONSIGNMENT. Just on point of going to press we learn of a large consigimient of animals and birds for the London dealer, Mr. J. Hamlyn. The birds include rare and uncommon Flycatchers, Fruitsuckers. Finches. Mynahs. Crows, etc., and a good crowd of the commoner species. Some of those landed are very beautiful and brightly plumaged species. We regret also to hear of many rarities lost en route. We should be glad if some member who has seen the birds would send us notes of same. — Ed. Bird Notes. Dr. Lovell-Keays' Covv»house Aviury, Fig. 1. All Rights Reserved. September, 1919. BIRD NOTES: THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Reminiscences. By Dr. Lovell-Keays, F.Z.S., etc. (Coniinued from page 182). PTavinq; said qood-bye to my first aviary, which, by the way. only cost £10. approximately, for everything — including a carpenter-built shelter. T will now turn to my first finch aviary. In fig. T is shown the flight as first designed, and certainly its appearance was sutiticiently pleasing to satisfy the most captious. The shelter is not shown, but was originally a cowhouse, with concrete floor — very lofty and. of course, spacious. It was at the extreme end of a block of g-inch brick buildings, running East to West — the door faced South and was apparently specially constructed for an aviary as it had a large fan light over it. The walls of the shelter were Q-inch work to a height of 8 feet, and tlien 4^/2 inch work, and where the two met it formed a ledge on which the birds rested, and on which I could place nesting receptacles. In the middle of the outer or East- ern wall a double window was let in. and this was greatly appreciated by the birds, especially in the winter, as they were able to enjoy the early morning sun, besides affording the extra light. A single row of greenhouse pipes was provided, but only used in very severe weather. The walls were thickly covered with pea-boughs. Altogether it formed in every way an ideal shelter. One more point, and that is the entrance was in the extreme top right-hand corner of the flight, and this very greatly facilitated driving the birds in at night during the winter months. Once in. the door was pulled to, and so the birds were shut in safely. To my mind this was the best shelter I ever had, and was worthy of a better flight. But snug and apparently attractive as this shelter was the birds would never use it unless 174 Reminiscences. driven in and slnit in. The (luestion of iisiriiG^ shelters has always been a knotty i)oint with me. l'eo]")le tell me f//r/r birds use tlicir shelters, but in all my fifteen a\-iaries this has not been my experience excej)! with i)arrakeets. The reason seems to me obvious. It is a (|uesti()n of cover. Birds prefer natural cover to shelters, even when well sui)plied with " twiggy branches," .and will willingly face the fiercest gale to satisfy their poichani for natural living cover. To i:)rove my point, 1 put in a growing rhododendron in a pot inside a shelter wdiich the birds ivould not use. At once some of the birds roosted in the shrub, and when I opened the door just as it was getting" dark the birds all flew out " as one luan," except those roosting in the rhododendron. So convinced am I that this is the explanation that T intend to plant only deciduous trees in my new aviary. This. I believe, will cure the roosting out pro- clivities, and at the same time obviate the dank condition of all " natural " aviaries, that is inseparable from damp and foggy winter days. It is my firm conviction that birds can stand cold but that damp is fatal to them. Hence, everything that encour- ages damp should ipso facto be discouraged. Which leads one to the simple corollary and that is, to be sure and have a large open space in your aviary, where the sun can reach and the air circulate freely. In other words it is my hor.est conviction that the cover business can easily be, and generally is, overdone. It is essential to correlate cause and effect. Not to do so spells continued failure, to say nothing of the loss of valued, if not valuable birds. I am now engaged on a new aviary. It is, compared with those previously possessed, a very modest affair. Many of the ideas gained by previous experiences will be intro- duced, but many, owing to the fact that one has to utilise pre-existing structures, must be left as unavailable. But this open space theory shall not be one of the latter, and I intend to try my hand at Gouldian h'inches once again, if they should ever come within the limits of a restricted purse once more. In spite of all that has been written about their rather preferring ice to water to drink, rexelling in the snow, and being as hardy as Polar bears, like the canny Scot, " I hae ma doots." Then- native heath provitles none of these blandishments, and once again 1 ask where arc tlie ]iolar-birds to-day? I fancy most of thetn are enjoying " a far serener clime." No, I am inclined to w o 5 -¥ 1 * B| i^ ■? «^ < ^, \ -'^ Reminiscences. 175 think tlie W'ikleniess a\-iary, unless it is of the truly Eastern type. i.e. with not a tree tor miles, is best left to those with a san.i^uine disposition, stroni.ily developed amnesia, and a long pocket. Please don't misunderstand me; some cover, ample cover is almost indispensable to breeding Success, but let there not be an cuibarros dc richcsscs. I believe aviculture is still in its infancy, and that an immense amount of work still remains to be done. The difificulty is that few aviculturists keep an accurate record of their purchases, their breeding results, their acquisitions and their losses. If such a record is kept, it is not committed to writing at the time. If only aviculturists would follow Polonius' advice to his son. viz : " To thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man," what real progress we should make ! But they are not. They are moral cowards, and don't like to confess they lost a pair of ten-guinea birds — especially to their wives, whose yearnings are all in the direction of having the drawing room re-papered, or possibly a new hat. And so the same old deception goes on, which only benefits the dealers, and builds up false hopes "'n beginners. And tlius, wliat the gods intended should be an aviary, that should prove the envy of men, turned out to be a very partial success. In the early days, before the cover had grown well and converted a flight into an avian Hampton Court maze, birds did well enough there, but latterly, losses became increas- ingly numerous and disappointing, and breeding successes decreased pari passu. This. I am aware, reads like gross heresy, but so did Harvey's discovery of the circulation of the blood. In this article are shown two illustrations, No. i shows the flights 20 feet by 10, and No. II, 20 feet by 20 feet. In No. I. the birds enjoyed the space, and one could see them. In No. II. owing to the tremendous growth of cover the birds did not seem nearly as happy; one never saw them, and breeding results got less and less as time went on. But is not this just what one finds in nature? You don't find birds in a dense thicket, but rather in the outskirts of woods. As an old entomologist it was the outskirts one beat for both larvae and the imagines of 176 Reminiscences. moths. The two, of course, are correlative, for the larvae fee I the hirds. And so this ideal aviary became as disai)pointing' as the ])rodii^al son. In the first ])icture one can just see a Red- eared Bulbnl, a Parson Mnch, and various Grass-finches, Sini;"ini;-finches,elc., all feasting- on seeding" .^"rass. And T well remember the standard apple tree that was planted in the middle and w'hat a ma.i^nificent displayintJ- ^'round the antler-like branches afforded the birds, bnt the cover theory had been incul- cated so firndy that even in the picture one can see the creeper i^'rowing'. Tt crept alrii^ht until the one f)lace of vantage was completely enshrouded, and you had to drive the birds into the shelter to convince a visitor the aviary really contained birds. But lest one be acctised of unbridled pessimism, it is only fair to say that Zosierops v'wcns was bred here for the first time in captivity. And they, the liveliest, most fascinating and most persevering birds I ever possessed really compensated me for all the other delinquencies of the aviary. Red-crested Cardinals, too, were bred in this aviary. I loved my Cardinals dearly, and even now I fancy I can hear the cock bird calling for his mate. The hen had to be sent on a journey from which there is no return; she suffered from a disease of the semi-circular canals, T fancy, a malady to which all tlie Emhcr\:;\na seem peculiarly liable. As to the cause, T nmst confess to utter ignorance. But she reared to full maturity tw(j babies, and thus her destiny was fulfilled and her existence justified. Often when I sit in my little garden to-day T ponder on the glories for ever past and beyond my reach, and am forcibly reminded of the lines : — Oft in the stilly night, Ere slumbers' chains have bound me. Fond memory brings the light Of other days around me. And the thought makes one sad and wonder if the birds one loved so well really die and are no more, or whether they, too. ha\e //;('//' Paradise, and if so whetlier our Paradise and theirs will coincide. I hope so. lo he coiitnnted. ^t-K The Endurance of Birds. 177 The Endurance of Birds. Bv Weslkv T. Page, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. etc. (Continued from page ifjp). Weavers. — Times have altered so far as these interesting and obstreperous l)irds are concerned. A few years ago one wrote " very seklom bred in captivity," but later experience has shown that in roomy and natural garden aviaries some of them breed fairly freely. Perhaps the great difficulty with this group is the securing of true pairs, and even if one gets u promiscuous lot, the hens of some of the species differ so little from each other that, apart from comparing them with properlv named skins, sortation is very difficult. Of a good many of the species I have only possessed males, and, where other species of females have been present no attempt has been made at mating. I have only bred two species, viz : the Red-billed and the Napoleon — of the latter species the only one I now possess is a fine male in full colour, which was reared about six years ago in my aviary at Mitcham. I do not know of any successful breeding record in an entirely artificial aviary (I am only writing of Great Britain), i.e., one which contained no living trees or bushes. For the purposes of this series I need only deal with the species which ha\e successfully bred with me, as a tabulated list was given in the first instalment some two years ago, as to hardiness, etc. — So the simplest and most practical method will be to relate the details, so far as I have them recorded, of my successes with the Red-billed and Napoleon Weavers, the former of which may be described as a fairly free breeder, and the latter as a casual breeder. The Red-1'.illed W'eaver (Quclea quelea). This in normal times freely imported species is very largely kept, and one is rather surprised that the instances of success have not been even more mmierous. The nest has always been of slightly elongated spherical form, and consisting of only a single chamber; usually compactly woven, so nmch so that only in one instance was I able to see the eggs through the structure. The entrance hole is so small that the adult birds have to literally push their way in, and when the time has come for the t^S The niiiliiraiice of Birds. youny birds to make their exit, in e\"ery instance, both in my aviary and in others 1 have seen and heard of, the front of the nest has l)een torn away Ijy the parent birds to allow their pro- ijeny free ei^ress. (Some years a.yo Mr. de Q. Onincey described the successful rearing of yoimm' (n^enadier Weavers in his aviary in B.N. with illustrations, demonstratini^" a similar proceeding" with this s])ecies also), and this practice a[)pears to be the custom with several species of weavers. The nests in my aviary were all constructed on lateral and swaying branches of bushes, and were placed 5 to 6 feet above the ground. Except in one instance I have not been cognisant of serious nesting till 1 heard the young calling for food, and, I may state at once that, while the young were largely reared on live insects, they were daily fed on seed; further, in the aviaries of the L.M.T. Cripples' Hospital at Alton a pair, which reared several broods in the course of two or three seasons, reared their young entirely on seed save for such insects as the parents birds captured in the aviary — no live food being supplied. I must linger for a few remarks on the interest of this common species when nesting, though such be outside the scope of this series. I am not in a position to describe the manner in which the male courts the female; so far as I know 1 have never witnessed it, and I have found him only demonstrative after building has become somewhat advanced, when, like so many other species of weavers, he clings to the nest, in all sorts of acrobatic posturing", vociferating his screechy song w'ith all his power, his wings beating" with marvellous rapidity, and every nerve in his little body at greatest tension. At intervals during" the day this performance was gone through, and it did not arise from the interference of other birds in the aviary, but was apparently merelv an outlet for his wild exliuberant spirits. I did not observe to what extent the sexes shared the duties of incubation; both parents fed the young while in the nest, and the male principally after they had left it. The young were fed by their parents for 3-4 weeks after lea\ing" the nest, though they visited the seed hoppers on their own account in a very few days. Not much was seen of them for the lirst two weeks, they skulked The Endurance of Birds. 179 aniitl the folia.^^e in close proximity to the nest, and one could only observe them from some hidden observation post. 1 believe they slept in the nest for the first few nights — a little later it was very pleasing to watch the family party when they were less retiring, but soon their parents commenced nesting again, and the young were not allowed to come near the nest, and apparently the ]iarents lost all interest in their progeny. The young males came into full colour the following season simultaneously with their parents, both first and second broods. This account lias got too lengthy, and it speaks for itself as to the interest and pleasin"e it gave the writer. The juvenile plumage resembles that of the female parent, but has a mealy appearance, and is of a less warm tone, being somewhat of a drabbish hue. The Napoi.eon Weaver (Fyroiiiclaiia afra). — Also a conunon species, but a more gorgeously apparelled one when in full colour. 'Twas in 1913 that my only instance of success \\\i\\ this species occurred, and all the main details were essentially the same as with the preceding species. I was quite unaware of what was taking' place, as I noticed nothing particular about the nest to distinguish it from many others that had preceded it, for this pair of birds had been two years in the aviary; but, one morning attendance on the birds took me quite close to one of their nests, and the hen imme- diately flew off, and I heard the call of quite young birds from within the nest. Sixteen days later two yoimg birds made their exit therefrom, and were similar to their female parent, but were darker and duller in colour, and the striations less distinct. 1 saw that the parent birds secured a fair number of mealworms and supplied live ants' eggs as well, but a fair amount of seed was fed to the young both while in the nest and after they had flown. Both young birds lived to fend for themselves, but a little later a tragic mishap resulted in the adult pair and one of the young being accidentally killed. The surviving young bird, as already intimated, is an occupant of my aviary to-day — is in full coloin- rind one of the finest and most richly coloured Xai)oleons 1 have ever seen. i8o Records oj Birds zcliich have Bred in Captivity. In 1914 he came into full colour, that is, he possessed the full colours of an adult bird, but they were patchily arranged, but as only the one youn^ bird has been reared to maturity ui my aviary I cannot say whether this is normal or not. The following' year he came into the perfect adult garment and was resplendent indeed, and has been so each succeeding season since. The nest was rather small, compactly built, and was only one-chambered, spherical in shape, but a little longer than l)road. It was examined the day after the young had flown, and the front was found to be torn away similarly to the nest of Qiiclca qiiclca already described. Our member Mr. Shore Baily has successfully bred several species of Weavers; it would be of great interest especially to new members if he would write an article summar- ising these episodes. To be continued. <^^-¥0 Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. By E. HoPKiNSON, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. For meaning of abbreviations vide pages 58-59 (last vol.). (Continued from page i8^=i). 398.— AUSTRALIAN GREEN-WINGED DOVE CUakophaps chrysochlora W.T.P. London Zoo, fRuss. Setli Smith, fA.G.B. ii. 286. Hybrids. X Australian Green-winged Dove (Indian ditto). <^ 309.— INDIAN GREEN-WINGED DOVE. C. indiea. W.T.P. Seth Smith, 1904-05. tA.G.B. ii. 256. Zoo, 1908. Abroad, ist, Russ, fRuss. " easily bred " jRuss. Records of Birds zoliicli have Bred in Captivity. i8i Hybrids. i.xDiAX (;HKi':\-\\i.\(ii".T) IX >\i'; x Australian ditto, w.t.p. X CHRISTMAS ISLAND ditto. W.T.P. 400.— CHRISTMAS ISLAND GREEN-WINGED DOVE C. wtalis. Hyukids. X Christmas Island Green-winged Dove (Indian ditto). <^ 401.— COMMON BRONZE-WING. I'luips chakoptcra. W.T.P. Zoo, 1871 and later. f.A.G.E. ii. 285. 1913, jReport. Abroad, ist, Cornely, jRuss. <> 402.— BRUSH BRONZE-WING. P. elegans. W.T.P. 1st, Seth Smith. A.S. Medal, 1904. See A.M. n.s. ii. 211, 263. Zoo, 1904, 1905, 1906. 0 403.— HARLEQUIN BRONZE- WING. Histriopliaps histrionica. Zoo, 1866. jA.G.B. ji. 290. Abroad, ist, Cornely, Russ. <^ 404.— PARTRIDGE BRONZE-WING. Gcopluips scripia. W.T.P. 1st, Newman, 1908. A.S. Medal. A.M. (2J vi. ;^;ij. Abroad, ist, Cornely, jRuss. <^ 405.— WHITE-BELLIED PLUMED PIGEON. Lophophaps Icucogastra. W.T.P. " Plumed Ground-Dove." Zoo, 1895. " plumifera," but according to Seth Smith were " leucogastra." jA.G.B. ii. 291. 406.— AUSTRALIAN CRESTED PIGEON. Ocyphaps lophotcs. W.T.P. Zoo freely. <^- 407.— RUFOUS DOVE. Leptoptila reichenbachi. W.T.P. 1st, Alderson, 1904. A.S. Medal. A.M. n.s. ii. 270. i82 Records of Birds ivhich have Bred in Captivity. 408.— BRONZEN APED DOVE L. chloroiiclicnm. W.T.P. 1st, Alderson, 1904 . A.S. Medal. A.M. n.s. iii. 130. ♦ 409.— WHITE-FRONTED DOVE / juuunccnsis. W.T.P. 1st, AIdi'r.son, 1903. .\.S. Medal. .A.M. n.s. ii. 393. ^ 410.— RED GROUND-DOVE Ccotrygou montana. W.T.P. T>ondon Zoo, fRuss. (A.Ci.B. ii. 293). ^ 411.— MOUNTAIN WITCH DOVE G. versicolor. Zoo, 1904. <> 412.— VENEZUELAN GROUND-DOVE. G. vcncznclouis. W.T.P. Zoo, 1911, 1912. <^ 413.— BLEEDING-HEART PIGEON. Phlogocms Imonica. W.T.P. ist, Alderson, 1893. See A.M. (2) i. 132. Abroad, ist, Karl, fRuss. " Easily bred " jRuss. ^ 414.— BARTLETT'S BLEEDING-HEART PIGEON. P. cnnigcra. W.T.P. London Zoo, jRuss. Newman, 1907. jA.Cl.l'i. ii. 298. 0 415._WONGA-WONGA PIGEON l.citcosarcia picata. W.T.P. Zoo, 1889 onwards. jA.Ct.l'.. ii. 302. ■<^ 416. — BLUE-HEADED GROUND DOVE. Stciniocnas cyanoccphala. W.T.P. ist. Zoo, 1870. jA.C ;.!'.. ii. 302. i^ 417._NICOBAR PIGEON Calociias iiicobaric\i. W.T.P. Zoo, 1803 onwards; and freely with Meade Waldo. fA.G.B. ii. 303, Records of Birds zvhich have Bred in Captivity. 183 GOURIDAIL 418.— CROWNED GOURA. {'.nura ci>ronata.* W.T.P. ^ ALTl£RNATI\"E ]':X(iIJSII XA.M i':S. -I'1G1':()NS. 353.— SNOW PIGEON. White-backed Pigeon. Wliite-bellied Pigeon . 354.— GUINEA PIGEON. Triangular-spotted Pigeon. 357.— SPLENDID PIGEON. Scallop-necked Pigeon, Scaled Pigeon. 369.— PEA-DOVE. Zeiiaida Dove. 374.— BARBARY DOVE. '• Ring-Dove " popularly, Collared Dove. 381.— NECKLACE DOVE. :\Ialay Spotted Dove. 386.— ZEBRA DOVE. P.arred ( iround-Dove. 388.— DIAMOND DOVE. " Red-eyes " in Australia. 395.— GAPE DOVE. Harlequin Dove, Masked Dove. 397. — EMERALD DOVE, luiierald-spotted Dove; Bronze-spotted Dove Rufous-winged Dove. 410.— RED GROUND-DOVE. I'artridge Pigeon, Ruddy Quail-Dove. FALCOXIDAU. 419.— JACKAL BUZZARD. Butco jakal. W.T.P. 1st Gurney, AS. 2^Iedal, igo6. A.M. n.s. v. 57. <^ 420. — KESTREL. Ccrclnicls tiiiiniiiciiliis. W.T.P. 0 OWLS. BUIWNIDAE. 421.— EAGLE OWL. Rubobubo. W.T.P. " For several generations." Finn : Workl's Pirds, p. 88. ^ 422.— CAPE EAGLE OWL. B. imictilosus. W.T.P. 1st, Jlonhote, 1901, .\.S. Medal. A.M. viii. 39. Zoo, 1905. *The Zoo report for 1913 records the hatching of one in the Gardens, which died, however, before leaving the nest. In the P.Z.S. 1849, p. 172, the hatching of a hybrid, Gottra coronata X victoria is noted, but this bird only lived 4 days. 184 .liifnniii in the Aviary 423.— SNOWY OWL Kycica uyctca. W.T.P. 0 424.— SCOPS OWL. Scops scops. W.T.P. Mc;ulc Waldo, A.S. Medal, 1899. A.M. v. 159. 425.— TAWNY OWL. .Syrniiiin ainco. W.T.P. <> 426.— LITTLE OWL Atiiciic lun-liia. W.T.P. <^ 427. — BURROWING OWL. Shcolylo cumcuhvk. W.T.P. Z()(j, 1905. <> 428.— JARDINE'S PYGMY OWL. O lane id in in jardinci. Chawncr, 1915. See B.N. 1915. 194. To be continued. «^*-K Autumn in the Aviary. By VVeslky T. Pace, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. Autiinm is one of the most interesting" periods of the year in a large w ildnerness a\"iary, as well as being' one of the busiest. Not only are there the joys of seeing the various family parties of birds about, i.e. if a modicum of luck has come our way, but it is the season of stripping" off old garments and donning" new ones, an especially interesting" period if we possess species which pass through an eclipse plumage; at any rate we shall have the interest of seeing any young birds which have been reared shedding" their juvenile robes and donning the garments of adults. But it is very often also a period that is fruitful of results, and frequently the redeeming part of the season, when we often have the pleasure of seeing many successful late nests, compensating' for, perhaps, many grievous and disappointing Autumn in the Aviary. - 185 failures in the early part of the season; the writer has often found it so, especially with sj^ecies of the family TURDIDAE, the last nests of the season beiiii^' frequently successful ones, while the earlier ventures had entirely failed. \\ hat excitement, too, there appears to be among the occupants of our aviaries, how l:)usy they are! how active and alert ! what .s^atherinq" toi^ether of small parties and then with a wild whirr of win^s very sudden dispersals. I have often thou.Ljht as 1 watched them : the arduous labours of the season beinii" ended they induls^e in a sort of " Harvest Home " period, while recouping their vigour and gathering together energy and vitality to carry them through the dark period of the year. They need some help, too, from the aviarist to assist them in storing up energy to withstand winter's hardship, and thus to lay, as it were, a foundation for the next season's successes. It is the busy season for the aviculturist, for with the advent of October the work of renovation and making all snug for the winter must begin. Possibly I can best illtistrate the need of this by briefly referring to an instance of the lack of it. Some few years ago 1 saw a series of aviaries, some new, others of older standing, but all in first class condition, and the breeding season therein had been most successful. I saw them again the following season, when the measure of success was not so great, though young of some very interesting species were reared. T saw them again later when they were a mass of tangled growth, almost im])enetrable in parts, and dank and dark because very little light and sun could penetrate the dense masses of foliage to dry the herbage and ground beneath, and possibly on the ground lay more than one season's produce of decaying leaves, etc., to enhance the adverse conditions existing where once they had been almost ideal — the main fault being that I verily believe the pruning knife had scarcely been used since they were inaugurated — of course, the last season was unsuccessful, not that young birds were not reared, but owing to the fact of the almost appalling losses among the reared young birds in the fall of the year — the owner of the aviary wrongly blamed the " Wilderness Aviary " for the ill-luck; he might rightly have blamed the wilderness conditions that he had allowed to come about — note that when the^xonditions of his i86 .hifimiii In ilic A7'ia)y. a\iary were aliiiosi ideal, tlie\' wvvc " Wilderness Aviaries " as the term is used hv a\ ieiilturists ; later, they were merely masses of tan,i,;!ed growth w'th dank and unwholesome herba.^'e beneath. 1 nnist he (|ujte elear, as to food provided, the cleanliness of food \essels, the periodical overhauling" of nest receptacles, all was in ])erfcct order — translating the word wilderness " too literally was responsible for the ill-luck of the later j^eriod. At the risk of labouring the point, I had better point out that the term " Wilderness Aviary " has been fancifully applied to the uatiirally planted i^ardcii ai'iary. and " has stuck," but intelligence forbids that it is i)ossible for the largest enclosure to have space for clearings and masses of tangled foliage, and such should not l)e i)erniitted; if it is, the birds during autumn, when things at their best are more or less damp, owing to the heavy night and morning dews, will have to face not merely adverse, but very unhealthy conditions. Now, I hope I have made the need clear, and will proceed to try to show what form the icritey eunsidcrs the annual clear up of the, so-called, wilderness flight should take. The cleaning, overhauling of nest receptacles, renewal of perching branches (keeping food vessels clean is an everyday matter) is so obvious that 1 shall leave this to be understood; perhaps I had better try and tabulate what I consider should be the autumn procedure. (i) The shelter nmst be overhauled — all structural dilapidations should be made good, all cracks of walls and leaks in roof stopped, and a coat of paint or tar given wherever recjuired. (2) All bushes, trees, and shrubs should be more or less severely ])runed, according to their need. Their centres should be thinned out and they should be shortened so that there is a S])ace of a foot between their tops and flight roof netting. They should be cut into form so as to be clear of neighbouring bushes. .Space for flight demands that there should be open avenues between the bushes or groups of bushes, not only direct from front to back, but also lateral ones as well. If this be properly done at this season, there will be no need for summer Autumn in the Aviary. 187 jiriiniiii^' ; there will he ,'ini])le o]ij)oi"tunity for li.Q'ht. sun and air to perform their liealtliv work, .'ind the hirds will he more or less always in the picture. (3) All creepers should l)e similarly treated to the hushes, and each cut strictly hack to their respective spheres, and wherever they ha\e rambled throut^h the top netting and lie thereupon should he ruthlessly cut l)ack to aviary limits — during the summer their rani])ant growth has l)een picturesque and helpful, supplying both shade and cover, but during the late autumn and winter it is not so; every obstruction to the admit- tance of light, sun. and air must go, that these may have full play to do their healthful renovating w^ork. (4) There now remains the ground level to be dealt with, and here the work must be thorough. Firstly, all herbage and grass must he cut off short and cleared away: then sprinkle the surface well with salt, and fork over all spaces of earth kept bare, and the conditions will then be perfectly wholesome and sweet. It is really good i^-actice to dig all over the aviary and to dig in the grass as well, except special clumps of coarse reedy grasses, and if sufficient does not come up in the spring, then lay down a few turves. (5) All leaves as they fall should be periodically gathered up and not allowed to decompose in the aviary, or there will be unhealthy foetid emanations therefrom. Now, I hope all is clear, even to the tyro, but I will repeat that, as far as possible, when planting an aviary we put in as large hushes as can be safely transplanted, and each season each must he relentlessly cut back to the allocated space, and so pruned as to promote healthy growth, in fact similar to our treatment of trees and shrubs in garden or orchard. Personally, when planting an aviary, I always use deciduous and evergreen trees and bushes in about equal pro- portions. I am perfectly aware that, in writing the above, I have told nothing new, but it is often the well known that is neglected, and the above procedure is certainly necessary to the well being of the occupants of our aviaries. i88 The Story of Jocy--Our Blue-fronted Conure. The Story of Joey — Our Blue-fronted Conure. By Miss D. E. Pithie. I see by last montirs Dikd Notes the Marquis of Tavistock says: " C'oniires are very noisy, destructive to woodwork, and vicious with other birds." Joey is evidentlv an exception to this rule, for he is none of these things. About eleven years ago my mother and I were in Southampton, looking round the bird shops and slumming, when in one shop my mother heard a funny little voice behind her say: " Come on, mother;" it was a dirty little l)ird which the dealer called a " Sooty Lory," and she bought him for 6s. He wanted to sell us a cage, but they were all so dirty and in those days even dear. We hurried back to the " Ditches " and got a really nice new parrot cage for 5s.. met Joey at the station, and when we got home put him in this cage. W'e sprayed him well, and he became a lovely little bird. He learnt to say " apple " in three days, and became very friendly. When we moved to Southsea Joey was put in tlie kitchen, as our late maid was devoted to him. He learned any amount of words there, but his plumage sitffered, and for six years he has been looking very moth-eaten. When the maid left, he was brought out of the kitchen, and now lives in the dining room, which looks on to the street by day, and in a spare room with the others at night. He knows perfectly well wlien it is meal time, and gives one no peace until his wants ha\e l)een attended to. I'or l)reakfast warm milk and sugar, with a bit of bacon fat or fried l^-ead (I am sure the Editor will sliake his head o\er his l)ill of fare! ); Lunch: either bread and butter, suet pudding, if there is any, and he knows that from anything else, or else a piece of apple; Tea: a spoonful of tea, very sweet, and jiiece of l)read and butter or cake — he will have these things. I think a sugar card ought to be allowed for him ! He used tf) sit up to dinner and then would have potato. biU lately we've i)ut him up with the others after tea, and he entertains them for ages. ITe is out of his cage all day long, generally sitting on a waste pa]^er basket, which is his very own. He loves a box (Quaker oats) to play with, or a sheet of paper. but is frightened of a tir cone or piece of stick. Many times, when our late maid's husband was here she was sure Joey was A Pal's Aviaries. 189 going to die, but I always said he'd be alright when her husband had gone; and so he was. lie looks very old — quite decrepit sometimes. He is a coward with other birds, and runs away from my Tovi parrakeet, giving up anything to him, but he won't let him have his teasi)oon, as he tips it off as soon as he has finished with it. One day he was straining to look at my mother through the window when over he went, basket and all, and the basket on top of him; he was in a fearful state, calling out: " Hallo, Joey, what'cher want." He is very fond of saying " Joey have a bath. Joey having a bath," but he takes good care )}ot to have one, and if one sprays him he has to be brought round with whisky, which in these days is beyond one; so he goes dirty. His plumage is recovering now\ and he is a lovely colour, so probably the heat of the kitchen set up an irritation which made him peck himself. Anyway, he doesn't do so now, and he's as knowing as he can be. for if he starts to peck Ave powder him with Mennen's powder. Sometimes it is enough to put the tin by his side. Joey is a great favourite, and great will be the loss when he goes West. <^fX^ A Pal's Aviaries. By R. SuCxGitt. I recently paid a visit of a few hours to our Editor, Mr. W. T. Page, at Lingfield. and think a description of his aviaries and birds will be of interest to our members. There are four aviaries, one large and three small ones. also two pheasant runs; the three small ones are facing, approxi- mately, north, and of course this position would be fatal in the northern counties, but the Surrey hills are in a totally differ- ent atmosphere. The shelters of these are three lean-to sheds, al)out 8 ft. square, with wire flights some 12 ft. by 8 ft. At the time of my visit one was untenanted, and contained a Palaeornis nipaJcnsis, and the other a Blossom-headed Parrakeet and a Scaly-breasted Lorikeet. They were in perfect condition. I was sorry to see distinct signs of rats, and am afraid IQO A Pal's Ai'iarics. that on account of the adjacent huildint^s our Editor will have mreat trcnilile in entirely clearing;' these rodents, as the burrows are of loni;- standini^-. (T am ha])py to say that these are now cleared.— W.T. P.). The lar.L^e aviary is a very tine one about 40 feet lons>" and varying" from 2=^ to 30 feet wide with shed some 18 feet by to feet, well lighted. The flight is lofty and facing south; perh,-i|js tiie only drawback is its being too thickly planted with shrul)s such as cupressus, bamboo, laurel, berberis. spruce fir, and evergreen privet, in addition to rambler roses, forsythia. weigela, honey-suckle, polygonum, and convolvulus, with a standard ash in the centre of the flight. From my point of 'view these shrubs, etc., are overgrown, and quite half the space they occupy would he better cleared. (" Forew^arned is fore- armed " — I can assure friend Suggitt he will never be let loose in tliis aviary with a pruning knife, even for half an hour.— W.T. P.). I am no advocate of an aviary where all the birds can be seen at a glance, but a too thickly planted enclosure is deprived of much interest. We of course, all differ in these little details. I am strongly in favour of yew closely clipped into dense bushes, tree box and privet clipped at least three times a year. These make cosy nesting and sleeping quarters. Yew, T think, most bird keepers light shy of, as it has a bad name. 1 have, however, had OA^er a dozen in my aviaries for 15 years, and liave not, to m}'^ knowledge, lost a single bird through their eating the foliage. Many birds are fond of them and T have at least one record of young foreign finches reared almost entirely on the voung shof.ts and buds, and T strongly recommend it after an exhaustive trial. (I know of many similar experiences, yet I mistrust it, and with so many nonpoisonous shrubs to choose from I do not admit it into my aviaries, nor yet take the responsibility of advising its use — the individual aviarist must assume that. — W.T. P.). Of course, our Fditor, like the rest of us, is suffering from a shortage of birds. Still, he had a very fair assortment, amongst which, 1 noticed several Avadavats and Java Sparrow^s, Indian Silver-bills, at least three pairs of Himalayan Siskins, Scandinavian Game Birds. tgt Pekin Rol)iiis. Crimson Finciies. Napoleon. Speke's and Rufus- Necked Weavers ; ( ireen-wini^ed, Red-Ground, European, Vinaceous, Barbary, and Turtle Doves; Sky-larks, Missel Thrushes, several very fine Himalayan Siskin x Canary Hybrids, a solitary Malabar Mynah and a pair of Common Pheasants (F. colchiciis) . The Pheasantry contained a cock Gold Pheasant mated to a hen colchicus. and a pair of the latter. A path round the large aviary gives a view from any point. A herbaceous border in front of this aviary, with climbing' roses covering" the standards gives a very pleasing effect, viewed from the lawn. 0-M^> Scandinavian Game Birds. ACCLIMATIZATION EXPERIMENTS. Reprinted from " The Times,'' with our thanks to Editor and Author — cutting per Rev. G. H. Raynor, J/..-1.— Editor. B.N. ■■ Tliruug'liout rural Sweden and Norway large numbers of capercailzie and blackganie are annually taken by means of snares and traps of various kinds. These birds are intended generally for food purposes, and no regard '■% had to the manner in which they are captured, it being a matter of indifference to the " Eangstmand " whether they are alive or dead, injured or not, when he secures them. But one day some well-known local merchant or farmer receives an intimation from one of his correspondents in South Sweden that live birds in good condition would be acceptable. This information is promptly circulated throughout the district, and a reformation in the type of instruments of cajsture at once takes place ; instead, moreover, of being left unvisited for days together, the traps are inspected at frequent intervals. The value of a live bird is at least three times as great as that of a dead one. So well adapted for the purpose are the traps used in some of the Swedish forests that a bird when caught is not only absolutely unhurt, but the space in which it finds itself confined has been so accurately determined that it cannot struggle to the endangerment of its wings or legs, or even injure its plumage. I have several times seen capercailzie, caught in these con- trivances, removed by the expert hands of a native hunter; they seemed to be temporarily stunned by the misfortune that had befallen them, and made no resistance to speak of. 192 Scaiii/iiKn'idii (iai)ic Birds. Till-: ll.\zi:i. (jROusK. A mucli rarer and more valual)k' captive llian eitlier capercailzie, Ijlack- cock, or greyhen is the hazel grouse. 'J"his pretty little game hircl si)eiids most of its time in the trees, and is therefore extremely d'iHicult to catch even in Finland, where it is very plentiful. On one occasion I was asked by an American friend if 1 could procure him a few. Although assured by many game experts in tliffereul parts of Scandinavia that it was impossible, I succeeded, after .1 great deal of trouble, in getting nine in the course of two seasons, l)Ul the cost was very heavy. The original cause which creates a demand for live game birds in Sweden or Norway is generally some large acclimatisation experiment which is being arranged for in Copenhagen. That town is a conven'eni centre, and from thence their departure is wired to the countries beyond the sea for which they are intended. During the years hnmediately before the war, several hundreds of Scandinavian game birds were thus dispatched from the Danish capital to the United States, Canada, Newfoundland, British Columbia, and Tasmania, and, in view of the length of the different journeys, the mortalit}' was wonderfully small. In small lots from various jiarts of the country the birds reach the " collector " in South Sweden, who has a properly arranged enclosure ready for their reception. For various reasons he is averse to retaining them longer than is necessary, and as soon as ajiproximately the required number has been obtained he communicates with the principal in Copenhagen. The latter then arranges for deck space and caretaking on board a Transatlantic or other steamer — not always an easy matter — and on the morning of the day on which the vessel is advertised to sail the birds arrive by the first boat from Malmo. They are accomiianied by a supply of food sufficient for the length of the entire voyage on which they are being sent, and they are packed in cases containing at most three individuals. These cases are about 15 inches high, inside measurement; the roof is thickly padded with canvas and leather to prevent the occupants from injuring their heads; the front is composed of upright lengths of wood, the spaces between which give easy access to a trough which runs along outside and is divided into three sections containing corn and wild berries mixed, water, and sand, while, in order to facilitate cleaning, each case has a false or removable floor like a canary cage. The old cock capercailzie being ver)^ cantankerous and pugnacious, each of them has a case to itself, and it is inadvisable to put a hand within their reach, as with their powerful bill they can — and frequently do — inflict a very painful wound. Need for Great Cake. In order to reduce the mortality on long journeys as much as possible^ too great care cannot be taken with the birds. On board ship they should have a caretaker from among the crew, and they should be so placed as not to be disturbed and casually fed by strangers : while in rough weather the cases must be covered over with tarpaulin, as sea water is very injurious. On the A Flumagc E[^isudc of the Cuininon Pheasant. 193 other hand, they cannot have too much air; ihcy can stand any amount oi cold, but not excessive heat. A long train journey is especially trying with its jangling and general disturbance. In the case of the capercailzie for the Algonquin Park a special pass was obtained by the Canadian Government from the New York Custom House authorities, and on the arrival of the steamer from Copenhagen the birds were at once sent direct in a special railway carriage to their destination in (Jiitario. Iixtraordinary care was also taken with regard to the blackgame for Ihitish Columbia, and thejr condition was telegraphed at frequent intervals on the journey from New York across the American continent. I^ach shipment of the large number of l)irds for the president of the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company was at once, on reaching New York, taken over by an express companv and forwarded with all speed to Ohio, where they arrived with wonderfully little loss. The birds for Tasmania had to be sent via London, whence they travelled under the person.-il cire of their purchaser on board a mail steamer. The willow grouse is, as is well known, captured in thousands during the winter months in Northern Scandinavia, and usually in a manner which entails much suffering. Ryper snaring as it is carried on in Norway is, in fact, a disgrace. The snares are rarely looked after properly, and as a result most of the birds entangled are frozen to death after having broken wings or legs in the struggle to escape ; others die of hunger and thirst, and many are torn to pieces by the foxes and ravens. As with the wood game birds, however, so with the willow grouse, and when it is made worth the " Fangstmand's " while he can secure them alive and uninjured. Like the capercailzie, they are excellent travellers, and of some 300 which were sent abroad about 1910-11 nearly all reached their various destinations in safety."' ^^-f<> A Plumage Episode of Ihe Common Pheasant. By Wk.sley T. P.age, F.Z.S., -AI.B.O.U., Etc. In 1918 a Pal up Xortli took a nest of pheasant eggs and put them under a broody hen to hatch out for me. In due course every egg hatched out. i;ut ni the end from various mishaps there were but three survivors. These were sent to me in August of the same year. When the hamper was opened they all had more or less damaged heads, and one of them died two days later; the other two did well. One was more advanced than the other and already had patches of colour indicating it was a male, and before a week had passed the T94 • ' Plumage Episode of the Common Pheasant. otliei" showed the same indications; Ijy the middle of October both were in full colour and were tyj'ical Kiny-necks (iorquatiis) in every respect. In the early s])rin^- (jf tliis year our member, Capt. J. S. Reeve, kindly allowed his !^"amekee])er to capture me four hens from his coverts, and these duly reached me. 1 i)ut one of the youni^' males in one of my pheasant runs with one of the hens, another of the hens 1 put with a ( iold Pheasant, and the other two I put in my large aviary with the other yount^" male ( torqiiatiis .' ). All of these birds are still alive. In the large aviary several nests have l)een made on the ground under spreading' bushes, and I feel sure that, but for disturbance of digging out rats at intervals, incubation, etc., would have duly followed — 1 had no desire to rear any this year by foster-parents, and no such attempt was made — in consequence, matters did not get beyond the egg stage, the hens laying 80-90 eggs, many of which still lie in the aviary. To go back to the young males, they remained, as regards plumage, as described above, viz : typical torquatiis, till the end of July; at this period they went into moult; the moult is now (September 5th) complete, and to my surprise there is now no trace of foyqiiatus about them, the white collar has entirely disappeared, and they are fairly typical colchiciis. I am perfectly aware that in Great Britain there are very few pure colchicus to be found, nearly all our stock being tainted by crossing with torqiiatiis and principalis, and that such birds, showing the plumage characters of torqiiatiis and principalis, will in a few generations revert back to the species from which they were derived. 1 nuist say. however, that to the writer the fact, of a bird showing the i)lumage of torqiiatiis at the first moult and contin- uing so for a twehe month, to. at the next moult, drop these characteristics and don the garb of a typical coJcliiciis, is new. I sliall await the result of the 1920 moult with nuich interest. ^fX^ Nest-Boxcs for Bird Protection. 195 Nest-Boxes for Bird Protection. Bv Sir Leo C/hiozza Moxkv. I write tliis note for the benefit of those of our members wlio have not made the acquaintance of the excellent nesting"- boxes sold by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. 2t,. Queen Anne's Gate, London, S.W. 1 give illustrations of two of them. The " Walden " nest- Ijox is very much liked by Tits. Nut Hatches, etc. It will be seen that it has a hing-ed lid so that the nest c.'.n be easily inspected. In Surrey, when I put one of these boxes on an oak tree about five feet from the ground, it was in a single season first used by a pair of Nuthatches, and sec- ond by a pair of "S'ellow Budg"erig"ars which were flying" at liberty. In each case the l)rood was successfully reared. In the following" year it was used by Great Tits. It is an exceedingly pretty box, and can be easily attached to a tree, pergola, building", fence, or post. In the aviary it suits niany birds, from Budgerigars to Zebra Finches. Two pairs of Budgerigars, in an aviary ■where the nest-boxes provided were two barrels, two cocoa-nut husks, and two of these Walden boxes, promptly chose the last-named. It is an excellent plan to nail a small straig:ht branch across the front of the box just below the hole. When used for Budgerigars, it is necessary to enlarge the hole. The ])rice of this Walden nest-box is 3s., so that one thing at least can be bought free from profiteering. igS Ncsi-Boxcs for Bird Protection. The other nest-box illustrated, the " A," is of a quite different type. It has a bottle-shaped cavity as orii^inally desii^ned by Baron Berplesch, after a study of natural Woodpeckers' holes. This box is suitable for all the tits, the Xuthatch. Tree-creeper. Wryneck, Red- start, l.esser Spotted Woodpecker, and Wren. A variation of this type, made with a small entrance hole, in order to exclude sparrows, is only suitable for small I1ts. Another type of the same box. fii^ure " B." is desii^'ned for the Starling-, or the (ireat S])otted Wood- ])ecker. althoui^h it will also, of course, accommodate the same birds as the " A " pattern. Then there is a half open variety, for Robms, Redstarts and Flycatchers, which T have used with success. These boxes look exceedini^ly pretty in the garden or wood ,or in the aviary. The price of the " A," or " Ai," with brass hinges is 3s. 6d. " B " with brass hinges 4s. " F " box is 3s. (All these ])rices are carriage extra). Two other excellent things sold by this society deserve to be mentioned. l"he first is a hanging food-box. " The Hanger-( )n." It has a roof lid and can be hung from a tree, pergola, or veranda. Its price, post free, is Js. Then there is an " Aye-Ready " seed hopper which fastens to a tree or wall and swings with the wind to keep the interior dry. This costs 3s. by post. Both these articles are l^retty and well-made. If ten tliousand people could be persuadetl to buy these nest-bo.xes and to put them up in their gardens and wood- lands they would be conferring a great benefit upon the nation in addition to giving themselves a great deal of innocent pleasure. The felling of woodlands in the war has made it all the more imjiortant to take steps to preserve insectivorous birds. c c pi 1-1 ■/'¥* >: \ 'I \ * <. G^ pa All Rights Reserved. October, 1919. BIRD NOTES: THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. The Indian Weaver Bird and Some Others. By W. Shore Baily. From time to time consig'iiments of these birds come to us from India, but it seems as if the catchers take the male birds only, as one so seldom sees the females oiTered, and, even when they are advertised, they are probably young males, or adult cocks out of colour. I take it that this is the reason that they have never been bred in this country. It is true that one sometimes sees young" birds advertised as having been bred here, but on investigation these usually prove to be young of one of the numerous kinds of Yellow African Weavers. Only last week I was offered an adult pair of these birds, which, on ins]~)cction, proved to be Rufous-necked Weavers — a much larger bird. The four varieties of Indian Weavers are PIocciis baya, P. nuDixor. P. bcngalciisis and P. Jiypocauthus, all of which I t;ike it are occasionally imported. My experience of them is limited to one example, and that I believe a Baya. Since I have had him he has spent his time in my large aviaries, with a mixed series of birds, and I have not found him particularly pugna- cious, although Dr. Butler gives him rather a bad character in this respect. As a Weaver he is facile princcps ; none of the African species, although some of them are really clever Ivjilders, can compare with him. The first year I had him he took possession, late in the season, of an Abyssinian Weaver's nest, and converted it to suit his own tastes, afterwards roosting every night in the lower half, whilst the much larger Abyssinian occupied the upper story. Last year he built an orthodox nest of about 13 inches in length, which is stated to be the usual size in its own country; but this year he altogether excelled himself 198 llic Indian Jf'caz'cr Bird and Some Others. as the pliolo,i^rai)li sliows. Tins nest measures 23 iiiclies lowj; l)y 22 inches in circimiference at the hottom. a i"eniarkal)le effort for so sniah a hird. The nestinj^' chamher is not completed, as with this species this work is, I beh'eve, done l>y the hen only, 'llie bar across the inside of the bottom of the nest, to which the egg" chamber should be attached, is used as a perch on which he roosts at night. It is absolutely wind and water tight, so that he has very comfortable night quarters, even in the worst of w'eather. It is to be hoped that there will be a few hens in the next lot of these birds that come over, as they would be inter- esting birds to try and breed. Other Weavers that have nested in these aviaries are the Olivaceous, the Rufous-necked and the Abyssinian; all three , rjuite large birds ; the Black-headed and Half-masked, about '0 size of the Baya ; the Napoleon, Taha, Orange. Red-billed and Dwarf. The three first build retort-shaped nests, about 7 or 8 inches long, and usually suspended from the wire roof of the aviary. The entrance to the nest is generally lengthened a couple of inches, once incubation is commenced. The rare Olivaceous Weaver was the neatest builder of the three. He reared two hybrids from a small weaver hen. Young were also partially reared by the Abyssinians, but the Rufous-necked never got as far as eggs with me. The Black-headed and Half- masked have also nested here several times, although the young- have never been fully reared. Their nests are just like the others but smaller. They are frequently suspended from growing shrubs, and in this case the shape is sometimes altered to suit the varying conditions. The I'aha, Xapoleon, and Orange Weavers build very flimsy spherical nests in bushes or reeds. The entrance hole is usually on the side. I have known Orange Weavers' nests so frail that their pretty blue eggs have dropped through to the ground. A number of young Taha and Napoleon Weavers have been bred here. The Red-billed Weaver, on the contrary, has never bred here. Many nests are built every year, and during the season much chattering and noise takes place, but no eggs are laid. For a good many years now I have always had a few of these birds, but until last week I did not know that they ever varied in colour, but. when The Indian Weaver Bird and Some Others. 199 walking- through one of the West End bird stores, I noticed a httle black bird with a rich Yellow-bill, in with a hen Red- billed. On further exploring I discovered three more, all of which I now have. One is all black except for a little buff on abdomen; another black with a few chocolate marks on breast and abdomen ; the third is dark chocolate with a black head, and the fourth is dark brown with a chocolate head. Three have bright yellow beaks, and the other coral red. By the way .why are these birds called Red-billed Weavers when so many of them have yellow beaks ? Their nest is something like a cup lying on its side, the entrance hole being large for the size of the nest. The young birds would certainly have no difficulty in leaving it unassisted. Contrary to the experience of other aviculturists, I have never observed any male Weaver breaking up the nest in order to enable the young to leave, but on several occasions I have seen them doing it, after the young birds have left. The Dwarf Weaver builds a very small nest; the entrance hole is so small that I could only insert one finger. These nests were suspended over water. Two pairs of young ones were fully reared here. The nests were miniatures of the other Yellow Weavers. Reminiscences. By Dr. L. Lovell Keays., F.Z.S. (Continued from page 176). Writing reminiscences is not a very cheerful occupation. It is too much like disturbing the family ghost; or like the old actor recalling past triumphs, well knowing that his day is past and that the future can never bring back those halcyon days. And so the task seems to grow more burdensome as each instalment becomes due. or rather, as I am reminded by a letter from the Editor, overdue. My Sussex home and its aviaries can never be forgotten in spite of their many faults and failings . Where I live now the whole grounds would not contain them, and so perforce I 200 Reminiscences. have to content myself with one aviary of modest dimensions and a collection of hifds only worthy of the veriest tyro. E\'en vouni^' Zclira h'inclies cause a flutter in the dove cot. But let us not lose time in vain regrets, but get on with the subject in hand. ]\1\- next aviaries were my first serious attempt at building an aviary, and I had a great deal of advice as to their construc- tion . The result was not pleasing". If you have ever seen a fine drawing-room hopelessly cut up and spoilt Ijy being badly furnished von can fane: Vvhat these aviaries were like. To commence with; they were built against a south wall. The roof of the shelter slanted from the wall downwards. The result was that these aviaries were very dismal, even in summer. I realised it when too late. Obviously one ought to have either a top light or large high windows to let in the sun in all its glory, and not do one's best to discourage it. One can diagrammatically represent what I mean, thus : — r 2 /^(oor op- rLiCH", V J Ui I SOOTH F LIG-HT Now. wherever you put the sun it is obvious that its rays can never reach one quarter of the shelter, and at its most advan- tageous altitude the sun must necessarily be rising or setting. c o ^ keminiscences. 201 Hence these aviaries, which were reahy excellently constructed, never pleased me, and much less the birds. Another point, and that is the ventilation was always bad. But such is the endurance of birds that many did exist for quite a while, even here. Bad as it was in this particular, it became hopelessly so when yoit wanted to drive in the birds in severe weather or in order to catch them up. Now, it is an indisputable fact that when birds are driven they invariably either hide in the bushes or fly straight to the top of the flight and as far away from their l)ursuer as possible. The consequence was that the majority of the birds always flew on to the wire work marked XY, and one tried to drive them in until the weariness of the flesh took hold of one. In other words, driving in the birds proved a hopeless proposition. The only way to catch them was to keep them sliort of food, then put food in the shelters, and when the birds went in let the window drop. Once in they were driven from one shelter to another through a kind of tunnel comnmnication, and there shut in. In that way one laboriously caught the birds. In fact one had to become an amateur trapper. This is not an overdrawn picture emanating from a disordered imagination, but a hard fact which drove one to desperation more than once w-hen I wanted to catch the birds. To those who contemplate building an aviary, let the diagram, shown on the next page, suggest the aim and object. The door A is to allow the birds to go in and out of the shelter and should be at one top corner. With such an aviary, driving birds in is a matter of seconds and certainty. The diagrams are not meant to be to scale or even in proportion. I should be sorry to construct such a shelter, for instance, but I trust it will convey my meaning. Apart from these obvious and hopeless defects the shelters had good points. To each flight there were two shelters with a service passage between them. By a simple overhead wire-work tunnel one could have either two entirely separate flights, or by letting down a sliding door at one end of the tunnel let the birds fly from one flight to the other. In this way one could always keep a hopeless bully by himself, or 202 Reminiscences. ^.MAXIMUM HBiGHf or ^ FJ-I6HT 0 m m r m 0 She LTBTi \ r o o I fn id Ui i~ c p PQ o 0^ 00 Reminiscences. io^ with other bulHes. an advantage I often availed myself of. I am so pleased with this arrangement that I introduced it wher- ever possible into all my aviaries. Now as to the tlight only one word can describe it, and that is bad. Roomy, yes, but having said that you have said all. It was thickly planted and had a nice piece of grass for the birds to revel in, which, by the way, they generally did when they were going to die. To be perpetually cutting the grass disturbs the birds and may even decapitate a nesting Waxbill. Most birds have no use for thick rank grass. A well cut lawn is another matter, but how many of us can afford the room and money to enclose a lawn in our aviaries ? And so my nice little grass-edged pathways and my dear little grass patch for the birds were in plain language a " wash-out." I have by me an indifferent photograph of the aviary as at first constructed, and I am inclined to think if it had been left at that my birds would have prospered better. But the plenty of natural cover fiend had laid me by the heels, and. like Adam, I did take the apple and did eat. My one idea was to plant so thickly as to hide the birds, but they were most unappreciative, and the thicker the cover grew the less they seemed to like it. With one or two rather notable exceptions very few young were fully reared in this aviary. The one brilliant exception was the rearing of young Pekin Robins. A photograph of their nest is here shown. Please don't think they built in a tree growing in a flower pot. The nest was removed with the privet branches (after the young had flown ) to be photographed, and an t^^g, or eggs were obtained from a previous nest, but one which they had deserted. The illustration shows the wonderful way tlie nest was suspended, and although so fragile in appearance never showed any signs of giving way. A sad fate befell the yotmg birds. When I broke up my collection and sold the birds, their new owner fed them on canary seed and then complained that they died soon after he had them. I wonder what he expected they would do while their internal economy underwent the necessary changes to accommodate them to their diet. It reminded one forcibly of the story of the old miser who complained that just as he was training his 204 Reminiscences. horse to eat wooden shavings by giving" it green spectacles " the silly animal went and died!" No, aviculture is not a one man science, and doubtless the next few years will see great changes, just as the last few years have. We are still in the experimental stage, and just at present the avian Spartan has the field. But at this point a shiver runs through me, and having" a say in my domestic economy I shall order a fire tomorrow. What about the birds .'' " Oh, they like it "is the reply. 1 wonder if they do any more than we do. Who would remain in dreary England if the sunshine of Africa were theirs for the asking. I do plead for our feathered pets that they at least receive the comfort that we ourselves are so anxious to get. And they have no woollv garments to don in winter; no cosy fireplace to sit over; no piping hot coffee to warm them ere they start on the day's toil; no baked potatoes to warm the cockles of their little hearts. Have you ever sat in a cold, often draughty, waiting room with your coat collar turned up — your hands enshrouded in v^et gloves, a piece of sickly chocolate to stay the pangs of hunger — then at long length the train rolls up — after that a dragged out journey, finally blowing into a cold draughty tent, sans fire, sans a hot drink, and sans everything? If you have, you can sympathise with the wee birdies who nestle up to each other to keep warm, and tuck their little noses under their wings so that the air they breathe shall have the nip taken off. Misery is written all over their bodies, but we are told they are " quite hardy " and enjoy it — about as much as the fox enjoys the chase. To my mind it is a refined form of cruelty, and nothing will ever persuade me it is humane even if it is true that most foreign birds do not require heat. True, but neither do you require heat in the winter, but I'll wager that by hook or by crook you manage to get it all the same. To provide warmth for my birds I would willingly forego my cigarettes, and that to one who has been in the army is saying a lot. I am afraid I have commenced by writing my reminis- cences and ended up with a Caudle lecture. May it not fall on deaf ears. With these words I will end another diatribe worthy of the gloomy dean. To be continued. Records of Birds ivhich have bred in Captivity. 205 Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. By E. Hopkinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. (Continued ]ro)ii page 1S4). SI RIG ID AE. 429.— BARN OWL. Mux licmiinca. W.T.P. Zoo, iyo5. ANATIDaE. 430.— WHOOPER SWAN. Cygniis cygmis. W.T.P. Hybrids. WHOOPER X WHISTLING SWAN. W.T.P. X TRUMPETER SWAN. W^T.P. -o- 431.— WHISTLING SWAN. C. columbmnns. Hybrids. X Whistling Swan (Wliooper Swanj. -<>- 432.— TRUMPETER SWAN. C buccinator. W.T.P. Hybrids. X Trumpeter Swan (Whooper Swan). ♦ 433.— COMMON SWAN. C. olor. W.T.P. The domestic breed. <> 434.— BLACK-NECKED SWAN. C. luclauocoryplius. W.T.P. <^ 435.— BLACK SWAN. Clicuopsis atrata. W.T.P. Zoo, 1904, '05, etc., and elsewhere. Hy'brids. BLACK SWAN x DOMESTIC GOOSE. Abroad, W.T.P. C. 436.— SFURWING GOOSE. Plcctroptcnis gambensis. Hybrids. X Spurwing Goose (Egyptian Goose). 2o6 Records of Birds zvliicli liai'c bred in Capitivty. 437.— MUSCOVY DUCK Cairitm moschata. W.T.P. Zoo. Sec reports for 1905, 191 1, etc. Hybrids. X Muscovy Duck (Wild Duck). 438. — SUMMER DUCK. Ltnnproncssa spoiisa. W.T.P. Zoo and elsewhere. Hybrids. SUMMER DUCK x GADWALL. W.T.P. X Summer Duck (Wild Duck). 0 439.— MANDARIN DUCK Id galericiilafa. W.T.P. Zoo and elsewhere. Hybrids. X Mandarin Duck (Wild Duck). ^ 440.— CAPE BARREN GOOSE. Ccrcopsis novae-hoUandiac. W.T.P. Zoo, 1909, etc. <> 441. — COSCOROBA SWAN. Coscoroba coscoroba. In the IbiSf 1916, p. 480. Blaauw refers to a chick bred at Woburn. 442.— BLUE-WINGED SNOW GOOSE. Chen cacnilcsccns. W.T.P. Hybrids. BLUE-WINGED SNOW-GOOSE x GREATER SNOW-GOOSE. W.T.P. X LESSER SNOW-GOOSE. W.T.P. Zoo, 1910. X Blue-winged Snow-Goose (Chinese Goose). -<> 443.— LESSER SNOW GOOSE. C. hypcrboreus. Hybrids. X Lesser Snow-Goose (Blue-winged Snow-Goose). <> 444.— GREATER SNQW GOOSE. C. nivaUs. Hybrids. X Greater Snow-Goose (Blue-winged Snow-Goose , Records uf Hirds zcliicli have bred in Captivity. 2O7 445. — ROSS SNOW-GOOSE, li. rant he mops rossi. Abroad, Jjlaainv. One chick lived 14 days in 1902. See Ibis, 1903. 245. Success in 1904, see Ibis, 1905, 137. ^ 446.— DOMESTIC GOOSE Hybrids. DOMESTIC GOOSE x EGYPTIAN GOOSE. Vale. X- CHINESE GOOSE. Vale. " fertile offspring." X Domestic Goose (Black Swan). X Domestic Goose (Chinese Goose). X Domestic Goose (Canadian Goose). 0 447.~WHITE FRONTED GOOSE. Anscr albifrons. W.T.P. Hybrids. X White-fronted Goose (Bernacle Goose). 0 448.— DWARF GOOSE .4. erythropus. Hybrids. DWARF GOOSE x BERNACLE GOOSE. W.T.P. <> 449.— PINK-FOOTED GOOSE. .4. brachyrhynchiis. W.T.P. 0 45©.— BAR-HEADED GOOSE. Eulabia indica. Hybrids. BAR-HEADED GOOSE x SHELDUCK. Vale. '■ Anser indicus x Shelduck, in evidence at the S.K. Museum," tVale. X Bar-headed Goose (Bernacle Goose). <> 451. — CHINESE GOOSE. Cygnopsis cygnoides. W.T.P, Zoo, 1905, etc. Hybrids. CHINESE GOOSE x CANADIAN GOOSE. W.T.P. Vale. CHINESE GOOSE x BLUE-WINGED SNOW-GOOSE. W.T.P CHINESE GOOSE x DOMESTIC GOOSE. fEartlett. "' hybrids fertile." (Animals in Captivity, p. 217). X Chinese Goose (Egyptian Goose). 2o8 My Weavers — Past and Present. 452.— EMPEROR GOOSE. Philacte cauagica. Abroad, ist IMaauvv. Holland, 1915. Sec A.M. 1916, p. 278. 0 453. — CANADA GOOSE. Uniiita canadensis. W.T.P. HYBR1D.S. CANADA GOOSE x " Italian While Goose," i.e. DOMESTIC GOOSE. W.T.P. X Canada Goose (Chinese Goose). 0 454.— HUTCH INS' GOOSE B. hutcliinsi. W.T.P. Hybrids. X Hutchins' Goose (Bernacle Goose). <^ 455.— BERNACLE GOOSE. B. leucopsis. W.T.P. HVP.RID.^. BERNACLE x BAR-HEADED GOOSE. W.T.P. X HUTCHINS' GOOSE. W.T.P. x WHITE-FRONTED GOOSE. W.T.P. X Bernacle (Dwarf Goose). To be continued. C>>^^> My Weavers — Past and Present. Bv S. Williams, F.Z.S. Returninj;- home after niy summer holiday it was quite a natural thin^' to visit my aviary and see how the birds had fared during' my absence. Although, having left a friend in charge who was competent to attend to them, I wished to satisfy myself all was well. Standing by the flight and smoking my pipe in the sunshine my thoughts wandered back to pre-war days. I was then the proud possessor of a very fine, if not the best collection of Weavers and Whydahs owned at one time by any aviculturist. Twenty different varieties of Weavers and six varieties of Whydahs were enjoying themselves in my garden aviary. Several rare species v^^ere in this collection, viz ; — My Weavers— Past and Present. 209 Weavers' Nests constructed in Mr. S. Williams' Aviary. 210 My Weavers — Past and Present. WEAVERS.— The (n-eat All Black, S]iarrovv (Ploccpas- scr inahali). Bronze Abyssinian ( Ci)i)iain(>pieryx rubiginosa). Black-bellied (l'. iiigrivciitris ). Manyar (I'locciis inanyar), (iolden-backed, and one which i ha\e not l)een able to definitely identify. Init believe to be the Princes Island Weaver. Between these and ihe more common species were three cock Red-headed (Oitclca crytliruccpliala ), two cock Black-headed (Hyphan- ioniis inclanuccphala), one Half-masked (H. hrachyptera), two Baya \\ eavers ( Pluccus baya ), two Taha Weavers (Pyromclaim taha), four cock Crimson-crowned (P. faz'onjiccps ), one snperl) specimen of Russ's Weaver (Quelea russ'i), the albino form of Qnclca qitelea. This bird lived with me for about seven years. One cock Grenadier (Pyromelana oryx), one Yellowish, and two pairs of Rufous-necks (Hyphanfoniis citcuUata) ; while representing' the common kinds were a pair of Red-billed (Qnclca qiiclca). a pair of Napoleon (Pyromelana afra), several Orange Bishops (P. franciscana), one Madagascar ( I'ondia madagascariensis ) , a Comoro Weaver (Nesacanihis cmincniis- sima). I think my readers will agree with me when I say this collection was one to be proud of. At the time of writing my Weavers are three — the old Grenadier cock, seven years old; a hen Red-billed, nearly ten years old and still as fit as the day I bought her; and my cock Golden-backed, four and a half years old. Difificulty of getting food, and being very little at home during the war forced me to sell many. Others went West, and three or four escaped. Those wdio have had much to do with the Weavers may possibly have noticed these birds seem to be subject to fainting fits; my Black. Red-heads, Half-masked, .-nid Rufous-necks, when suddenly alarmed or very excited would occasionally roll over on the floor and lay quite stiff, but when picked up and a little cold water dropped in the bill or even their entire head plunged into water, soon recovered, but were a little unsteady for a while. I only had one die from this cause. That was my Half-masked; this bird came to me from, I believe, our member. Miss Chawner. and I think, if I recollect rightly, she had .a similar experience with him. My Weavers — Past and Present. 2ii Xow if yon were to ask me which was my favourite weaver. 1 slioukl say the Sparrow Weaver. This bird died after layiiiij: three ey"s.;s. rather late in the year; so far as I know she never made any attemi:)t at nesting during the four previous years 1 had her. This was tlie tamest Weaver I ever had. As soon as I entered tlie slieher and got down the box in which I kept the mealworms, she was on my hand. As I write these notes the stuffed body stands on my desk. So well has the taxidermist done his work that it seems she is only waiting for you to ofier her a mealworm to fly down as in days gone by. The Black-heads. Rufous-necks, and Crimson-crowns would all eat from my hand, but were not of the same confiding nature as the Sparrow Weaver. As regards beauty, tastes differ. The brilliant scarlet-black of the Grenadier (Oryx Weaver) and the Crimson-crowned certainly catch the eye, but then so does the gold-black of the Napoleon and Black-headed Weavers. Again look at a cock Rufous-neck in full colour; here you have yellow-black, with a warm red-brown and different shades of greenish-yellow, all blended together so exquisitely that a speci- men in good health, with a beautiful sheen on its feathers, and if it were not for his wicked reddish eye, which does not miss even the smallest spider or mealworm you throw on the floor, seems to be carved in marble. Then again, who does not express delight when they see a cock Madagascar Weaver in full colour for the first time. This little fellow, about the size of a linnet, and a brilliant scarlet all over, perched amid the green leaves of the plants in the open flight, rivals the choice exotic blooms of the East. Before passing on to the Whydahs, who also have, so to speak, two suits, one during the breeding season, which is resplendent with colour or an abnormal length of tail plumes, and a dowdy dress for winter; allow me to say a few words on this transformation. Nothing to my mind is more interesting in the bird world than to watch the Weavers, and especially the Bishops and allied species, coming into colour. One day you go to the aviary and find your birds in winter dress of brown or fawn shades all over; then the head and neck starts showing scarlet spots amid the brown. If you have not seen your birds 212 My IVcavcrs — Past and Present. for a few days you think at first i;lancc there has been a battle royal and they are bleediii!^-. Imt watch carefully and you see the scarlet g'ladua ly spreadin.g- until your dowdy little sparrow- like bird is transformed into a blax.e of crimson or yellow. The parts which are ultimately black, you will notice, seem to start rnder the belly and gradually turn colour after the style of a piece of blotting- paper dipped in the ink. only, of course, not with the same rapidity. It is worth keeping a few of these ])ir:ls Vi\ order to observe this remarkable change. Here is nature in her quiet way " knocking spots off " the conjurer; wi'h him it is the ciuickness of the hand deceives the eye; here a more marvellous thing is being done, and yet you can watch the gradual process taking place, and you see less even than sometimes you do of tlie tricks on the stage. Now we con:e to the nests of the Weavers. It is owing to the marvellous way they build or weave that they get their ivime, Weavers; most certainly, these birds are past masters in the art of weaving. If you examine a nest thoroughly, either one of the smaller kinds of a globular form or the larger one of the Hyphantornine group, you will be struck by the beautv of construction; one would think a compass had l)een used, so wonderfully proportioned are they. You look at our fine buildings and say that was a gootl architect who designed that, but remember, years of study were re([uired first, and here we have a little bird, with never a lesson, and only the brain, or is it instinct, which is given him by his Creator; yet his work is true in proportion and beautiful. 1 have had ten of these nests hanging frc.m the wirework and tree branches in the aviary at the same time. Although I have watched them building scores oi times 1 am ne\er tired of seeing them at work. Many a time has a frie'vd cone to see me and we have gone down to the aviary together; some were bird lovers, ethers people who never take any notice of birds, but all agree that it is astounding how they manage with but a little grass or hay to construct their nests ! Up to the present my breeding, or 1 should say rearing, successes have been nil. Sixteen young Wea\ers have been hatched in my aviary, but none lived more than fourteen days. Mv Weavers — Pasi and Present. 213 Possibly tlie cocks, which outinimbered the hens by four to one, were the cause. When I restock I shall try and get true pairs only. Possibly better luck will then attend me. WHYDAHS. — The Whydah family were represented by six varieties: — Paradise (Sti ganura paradisca) Pintail (Vidua principalis ). Golden-backed ( Pcnihctriopsis macrura). White- winged (Coliostruthus albonotata J, Red-shouldered (CoUopas- scr axillaris), and Jackson's (Dcpranoplcctcs jacksoni). This little group I am not going to say more about now, but will reserve it for another article in the near future. The staple food used in the aviary was white millet, also Indian millet, canary, hemp, and charlock; a small dish of sop made of stale crust or cake, Nestle's milk, and warm water was much liked. Ants' eggs and wasps' grubs, wdien procurable, were a great relish, either fresh or dried, and also smooth cater- pillars. If, however, you wanted to win the hearts of your little feathered friends, then nothing will do it quicker than to offer them mealworms or spiders. Ripe fruit, such as plums, oranges or bananas were freely taken, also given food, such as would be given to our British birds or canaries. Do not feed your birds from one large seed tray; place half a dozen in different parts of the aviary, so as to enable your birds to feed without crowding. It is when they all try to feed at once that fighting occurs, especially with the Weavers, Imt, taken as a whole, the character usually given them of being spiteful I consider a libel ; at nesting time all birds are apt to be spiteful to others. During the number of years I have kept Whydahs I haye only had two or three birds which proved a nuisance in the aviary, and, as a few canaries were flying low with them and only one accident occurred, 1 think this is enough proof; mischievous they may be and are, but then so is the Zebra Finch. If you think of keeping a few Weavers, start with pairs; forget about the bad name they have been given, and judge for yourself as to their character. I shall be much surprised if you do not find they compare very favourably with other orders of birds in this respect. 214 J^yccdUig of Goldfinch x Ilinuilayai} Sisk'ni Hybrids. The Breeding of Goldfincli Himalayan Sishin Hybrids. By W. Sfiorf. Baily. In tliese days when our aviaries are more or less empty, it is something" to be able to record even one breeding success. Strang'e to say this has been with me almost a repetition of one of my very early successes, the breeding of a Greenfinch x Himalayan Siskin, for which I received the F.B.C. medal, see B.N., 1914. This time the male was an English rioldfinch. and the five young hybrids arc quite different from the bird figured in B.N., 1915, being much slighter in build and brighter in colour. These youngsters, with the exception of a few Zebra Finches, were the only small birds bred here this season, none of the others having attempted to nest. With the larger birds we were rather more successful, having fully reared four Bronze-wing Doves, four Peaceful Troves, four Necklace x Senegal Dove hybrids, eight Diamond Doves, 11 Californian Quail (from two pairs), and 11 Horned Huinea Fowl (Nioiiida cornuta ). The Himalayan Siskins have always been favourites here; two years ago two young ones were reared, the first time in Great Britain I believe. These young birds, when in their nesting plumage, were quite different from two young Sikhini Siskins, that I got from Mr. Teschemaker the same season. This gentleman has bred the Sikhims very freely I understand. In B.X. 1914 1)oth varieties are described as follows: — C. spinoidcs, male, alcove greenish-olivaceous-brown; forehead variable according to age. black, or black and yellow, or nearly all yellow; crown, nape, ear-coverts, and jiart of cheeks, black tinged with green; lores sides of face, sides of neck, band across back of neck, rump and the whole of the under parts rich canary- yellow; upper tail-coverts greenish-brown; tail, two central feathers deep brown, the others more or less yellow; wings, dusky black; greater-coverts, tipped with }ellow ; and the quills with a broad patch of yellow on the outer webs, and tipped and margined with white. 'i'otal length, 5 inches, tail just under 2. C. tihciana. male, above olive-green; tlie l)ack and mantle Streaked with black with a greenish tinge; streaks above and ^ (7) The Endurance of Birds. :2i5 below the eye, chin, throat and breast, bright yellow; abdomen and under tail-coverts duller yellow ; sides of body yellowish green streaked with brown ; ear-coverts and moustachial streaks olive-green; lesser and median wing-coverts olive-green; greater wing-coverts, brown tipped and margined with yellow; quills, brown; outer webs margined with olive-green. Total length 4^4 inches, tail ifs inches. The hens in both species are lighter in colour. The young C. tibctana were very much darker than the young C . spinoidcs, the hen in particular showing very little yellow. The Goldfinch hybrids in shape resemble their father, but are slightly larger. In colour they are a pale grey, streaked on both breast and back with a darker shade of the same colour. Two bars of black, and two of huffish yellow, across the wings, give them quite a pretty appearance, especially when viewed from above. The first nest was built on the top of a conifer in the month of July ,and being close to the wire roof it was impossible to get a photo of either it or the young ones. The second nest was more accessible as the accompanying photo shows. Two young were reared from the first, and three from the second nest, and I think that when they are in full plumage they should be very pretty birds. <>^"f<> The Endurance of Birds. By WESLiiv T. Page, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U., etc. (Continued from page i8o). .Sparrows. — This group are very interesting aviary birds, and though some of the species are noisy and self-assertive, I have not found them to interfere materially with the other occupants of the aviary. The species which come within the scope of this article are : * Yellow Sparrow ( Pass-cr lutcits). Grey-headed Sparrow (P. diffiisus). Cinnamon Tree Sparrow (P. cinnamomcus). * House Sparrow (P. doviesticus). * Tree Sparrow {P. montamis). 2i6 The Endurance of Birds. Yellow-throated Sparrow (Gyiniiorliis flavicuUis). Cape Sparrow (Passer arcuata). * Grey Java Sparrow (Munia oryaivora). * White Java Sparrow (M. orysivora z'ar. alba). Those marked with an asterisk in above Hst have success- fully reared young in my aviaries. The ordinary tincli seed menu will meet the need of this group, but all of them \vill take as many insects as " come their way." When feeding young a considerable amount of the insectile mixture is eaten. If live insects are supplied liberally at this period, the successful rearing of their young is assured. Yellow Sparrow. — The male of this species is a beautiful bird, a conspicuous object and an adornment to any aviary. Mr. D. Seth-Smith was the first to breed it in this country, and since then several aviculturists have met with similar success. Mr. R. Suggitt has bred quite a few of them, and young have been successfully reared in my aviaries on several occasions, and in one instance an odd male in my aviary paired off with a hen Tree Sparrow, and two young hybrids were successfully reared. Both in contotu% size and plumage /'. liitciis was dominant in the young hybrids, one of which, a female, lived to reach maturity; it closely resembled the female liiteus, but was a little browner and the yellow areas were smaller and less brilliant. If one is successful in obtaining a pair with an inclination to. breed then they are free breeders, but this cannot be said of every pair. I have found it hardy and enduring and quite capable of being wintered out of doors. Grey-headed Sparrow. — This species, though I have successfully wintered it out of doors on several occasions, I do not consider so robust and enduring as P. lutcus, especially if the autumn and winter prove abnormally wet. Hard frost does not appear to affect them, though their toes may be frost-bitten if they roost out. Mr. D. Seth Smith has successfully bred this species, and in my aviary two young birds lived to fend for themselves, but died during the moult, which was late and the autumn very wet and cold, they were hatched rather late in the season. The Endurance of Birds. 217 In my opinion the Grey-head must be classed as an occasional breeder. The young" were almost entirely reared upon live insects, gentles and mealworms, pins flies, etc., captured in the aviary. Cinnamon Tree-Sparrow. — I have never bred this species, bnt Mr. W. E. Teschemaker successfully bred one or two broods, ami it may safely be classed as a probable breeder. From my own experience and what 1 gleaned from Mr. Teschemaker's account of his success, I do not think young would be successfully reared, unless live insects were liberally supplied, during the time they were being fed in the nest. House Sparrow. — 1 need not linger over this species, which I bred at the first attempt, but as soon as the young were able to fend for themselves I released them, as I had no desire to repeat the experiment. I should say they would breed freely in any roomy out- door aviary, but few will make the attempt, for, as a fellow aviculturist remarked at the time, breeding the House Sparrow was about as useful as breeding the common mouse. Tree Sparrow. — This is a more attractive species, and success less easily obtained than with the preceding species. On and off I have had five or six pairs, but only on one occasion did a pair go to nest with me. One young bird was reared and lived for several years. It was reared entirely upon live food. I did not repeat the experiment, as the following season, with a few exceptions, I cleared the aviaries of British species. A probable but not a free breeder in captivity. Yellow-throated Sparrow. — A pretty and interesting- species, but they are not often on the market, and have never appeared in large numbers. It has not bred in my aviaries, and in my opinion is not a free breeder in captivity. I also consider it is better taken indoors for the winter months, as, though one male lived six years with me, out of doors all the year round, abnormal wet or abnormal severity is liable to carry them off. 2r8 I'hc Jliiditraitcc of Birds. Better for a liberal supply of live insects at all periods of the year. C'apk Si'akkovv. — This species has not bred in my aviaries, but it has been successfully bred by Mr. I). Seth .Smith and others — it may be classed as a prolific breeder. It is a very handsome and attractive species, not brii.;htly coloured, but its white, brown and black plumaL;e is pleasingly and contrastily arranged. Amiable, hardy and enduring; very fond of live insects. Java Sparrows.— These picturesque and attractive birds are very conspicuous objects in a large garden aviary, the White variety even more so than the species. I have bred quite a few Grey Javas, and also many of the White form at various times. A good many pairs of (irey Javas show no inclination to go to nest at all, but once a breeding pair is secured they are quite prolific. The White form is very ready to go to nest and rear young, and a free breeding strain can be produced by mating a White hen with an imported Grey cock, and then remating the females of their progeny with imported males, and the resulting young, from the latter mating, I have found very ready to go to nest when properly housed and not overcrowded. The result of mating Grey with White is ninety per cent, or more of pure Grey young, but a little lighter in hue than imported birds. Very few pied specimens are produced. When the young of such cross mating are paired back again to imported Greys their progeny cannot be distinguished from imported birds. In conclusion. I would add. that what few pied birds are thrown, these are usually \ery handsome and attractive. Java Sparrows are usually amiable in a roomy aviary, but less so in confined quarters. As with other species individuals of aggressive and bullying temperament are not unknown. I have recently renewed my acquaintance with this species, and at present have four pairs in my large aviary. They are very hardy and enduring. (To be continued). Obituary. 219 Obituary. HERBERT GOODCHILD. We much regret to announce the death of this talented artist. The sense of loss to most of our members will be almost a personal one. as, with very few exceptions, all the coloured plates which have adorned jiast volumes of B.X. have been from his brush; and very many of our monochrome plates were also evidences of his skill. As a delineator of birds he had very few rivals and certainly none excelled him. The feather technique of his drawings was certainly unrivalled. His loss is an aftermath of the awful five years of war, during which he worked, much beyond his powers of endurance, on munitions unceasingly. In liis weakened state a chill caused pleurisy and other complications which terminated fatally on October 4th. He had been a member of F.B.C. almost from its inception; he was also a keen ornithologist, and knew our native birds, both by sight and ear, as few do. He was a genial and interesting companion, and will be much missed by many, by all who knew him well. His death leaves a void which will not be readily tilled. W.T.P. Correspondence. THE SEASON 1919. Sir, — Like other aviculturists I have had man}' less birds than in pre-war times, so that, on the whole, I do not complain of the results. CocKATEELS : My pair of this pleasing and interesting species has done well. 1st brood 4 eggs, 2 young fully reared. 2nd brood 8 eggs, 5 young fully reared. The young birds are now all flying around in good style. They are in an enclosure by themselves. The pair have now (September 21st) gone to nest for the third time ; do not at present know the number of eggs in this clutch. Masked Weaver x Greenfinch Hybrid : At the early part of the year a cock Masked Weaver and a hen Greenfinch mated, constructed a nest, at least the hen did. of the ordinary greenfinch-type : four eggs were laid, of which only one hatched out. The young hybrid is now fully reared, of the same size as his father (Masked W^eaver). and squat in shape; the beak is heavv and bronze-green in colour. (If Mr. Croker will write out the whole story with as full details a-j possible, he will be entitled to the Club's breeding medal. — Ed.). 220 Correspondence. Anothkr Cross-mating : An odd Indian Kin I recognised what was obviously a Ring-neck P.arrakeet flying very fast, and some 200-300 feet high in a westerK direction : i.e. over Eton and towards Maidenhead. Probably the bird has now been caught, and this notice may ])ossibly come under llie eye of the finder or loser of the bird. (Dr.) MAURICE AMSLER. Bird Notes. NestliiiL; Beanied 'Tit. J'hnin /•; (). Pa;/r . Nest and Ivu.us of Beurdtnl 'J'it. All Rights Reserved. November, 1919. BIRD NOTES: THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Reminiscences. By Dr. L. Lovell Keays, F.Z.S. (Continued from page 204). On looking back to a somewhat meteoric career as an aviculturist I am often asked what I considered my most successful achievement. Unhesitatingly I should say the breeding of Bearded Reedlings {Panurus biarmicus). The birds themselves are perha})s the most charming of all our British soft-bills, and, contrary to the experience of many aviculturists I found them very easy to keep. Newly imported birds are a bother sometimes, but once they settle down nothing seems to ail them. Their diet is simple, viz: a good insectile mixture, a good few mealworms and a roomy cage or flight. They are inveterate bathers, and certainly do not require heat. although they do appreciate a warm shelter, and thrive better if kept in a frost-proof place. The cock bird is most amusing, and is very keen on displaying his eastern-looking moustaches to his mate, an attention that does not seem to arouse any great degree of enthusiasm on her part. Certainly, in the non-breeding season several pairs can be kept in a good-sized cage, and in the breeding season I have kept them in a small aviary where at least three pairs shared the aviary, and I have never noticed any -inclination to real quarrelling. The hens are the most attractive, demure little creatures imaginable. When my ship comes home I shall most certainly keep Bearded Reedlings again, and I can recommend them to other aviculturists as an ideal aviary bird. Their antics never cease to amuse one, and they perform feats worthy of the Hoatzin. The way they climb up reeds is positively amazing with their little legs straddled 222 Rciniiiisccjiccs. out, one foot on one reed and the other on another. Xothin^- alive escapes their httle beady eyes, and tliey are never still for one moment. But. althoni^ii full of confidence. I have never found them extraordinarily tame. Like all soft-bills they would sell their wee souls for a mealworm, and I have known many of them readily eat banana. I think there is little doubt that the young- are fed on some plant life which they obtain from stagnant water — some form of aJga perhaps. At any rate, if anybody should think of keeping them the banana diet would probably prove very beneficial. People tell you they have fits and must not be given too many mealworms. Possibly that is so. but how many people think of a contributory cause, such as. a stuffy room, or lack of exercise, or of a corrective in the diet such as banana. Another thing they love is crumbled Yorkshire cheese. For this wonderful advice I am indebted to Mr. Galloway, who, I should say. is perhaps one of the most skilled of British bird-keepers of the age. and a most interesting man to meet. Yorkshire cheese is a splendid article of diet for all birds, and most of them are very fond of it. But how seldom you see it on the avian menu. T kept Bearded Reedlings for about tlnxe years and never wearied of them. The first season I was all but successful in breeding" them, but " very nearly never killed a man " or reared a young bird. The next season they made no mistake, and fully reared three of the sweetest little birds you could meet in a day's march. I never kept them through the next moult, but gave them to Mr. Frostick when T " joined up." The sexes were quite indisting"uishal)le several weeks, if not months after they left the nest. Mine were bred in a travelling cage, but a beautiful nest was built in the rushes, a photograph of \\hich is here shown. The camera was pointed down into the nest, m.'ds'ing tlie eggs appear round, whereas they are quite oval. I'he natural nest is composed entirely of the leaves of the reeds with a slight lining of fine grass. The eggs are uvallv live in mnuber and white with very faint tracings of brown. If m^• memory serves me aright the hen does all the incultiting, and the cock feeds the hen on the nest. Both I)arents feed the young. But one pretty incident occurred in Rcmrnisccnces. 223 reariiii^- the youns;". The hen preferred to feed the habies herself, and wlien daddy 1:)ronght any food for the babies she would take the morsel from his beak, examine it, and, if she approved, g'ive it to the babies herself. If unsuitable she would eat it. The youn,q' were reared almost entirely on cpiite small mealworms, which were without their brown skins. At the same time the diet was supplemented by lar.qe numbers of midges, flies, etc., and the hen most certainly found something in a pool of stagnant water, for I have noted the fact most carefully on several occasions. A photograph of one baby Reedling, taken most skilfully by Mr. E. O. Page, is given, but it will be noticed that the tail is short and stumpy and not long as in the adult. In fact the tail grows very slowly. The event to me was a veritable triimiph, and T was most disappointed to find that several years before some aviculturist had bred them on a large enclosed natural lake, but had never recorded the incident. And I believe no notes had been taken of the event, and so the club medal was never granted. Tn this aviary were also bred Chafiinches. One would think that anyhodx could breed Chaffinches, but I l)elieve I am correct in saying that apart from the E. Hoathly aviaries Mr. Croker is the only other person who has done so. They are very easy to breed up to a certain point, but then something goes wrong, and the young birds all die. On two occasions I reared young, and the last bird to leave the aviaries when they were pulled down was one of these young birds, and it haunted the aviary without a roof for two or three days. Another diflficult bird to rear is the Yellow-Hammer. Why it became corrupted to Hammer I can't say. I believe that the word is derived from the German Ammer. meaning Finch, but I am open to correction. The Yellow Bunting, I believe, is still a potential medal winner. • Personally, I have never got farther than eggs, but the Cripples' Home aviaries all but fully reared it in 191 3 or 1914. I tried very hard at breeding Long-tailed Tits, but without the smallest success. In the absence of the sheep's wool and spider-webs, etc., which seem to be necessarv. 224 Reminiscences. I iniai^'ined tliey would lake to a lon;^' hollcnved-ont log', but the avicultnrist who breeds Lons^-tailed Tits certainly deserves a silver medal. As an aviary bird they are absolutely deli.g'htful, but very difficult to keep in a large aviary. In a small aviary I never found any difficulty. 1 have an idea they easily get lost and cannot find the necessary food, of which mealworms seem an absolute necessity. The fact that so many arc reared at a time seems to indicate a very high mortality in a state of nature. They must be hardy, as one can see them in parties in the depth of winter. They are fairly conmion. too. in Salonica. They quickly become absurdly tame. But of all the birds I have ever kept Golden Crested Wrens become the tamest. They, too, need mealworms finely chopped up. and one has to be very careful or you will chop off their wee beaks or their filamentous toes in the process. Great care, too, is neces- sary in leaving the aviary, or you may find one or more perching on your shoulder when you go out. That once did happen, and next morning in the service passage I found a little fluffy corpse, for these birds die very quickly and require feeding at the very least twice a day. A couple of hours late in their niorning meal will mean death to them when they can get no natural food. I think perhaps the ( iolden-crest is the most exquisite little bird in the world — possibly not in coloiu" as in its wee-ness, its confiding nature and its general behaviour. Their little lives hang on a thread as slender as the web of a spider. But if you keep them and then contemplate going away, never leave them to a servant, however conscientious — far better let them go, for you will never see them alive again. A good deal of discussion has arisen as to the crest being erectile. That is strange, for the little cocks do it all day long- in the breeding season. The sexes are easily distinguished, for the cock has an almost fiery-red crest, whereas the hen only possesses a yellow patch on the head. I have never seen a hen raise her crest. If you are prepared to take the trouble, these birds are not difficult to keep. I believe Mr. Galloway used to l)reed flies for his all the year round, for these wee mites are verv fond of tlie conuuon house fly, and as to spiders — thev j)ositively dote on them. Records of Hirds zchicli have bred in Captivity. 22^ All tlie birds mentioned aj^ree perfectly well together, but if you keep them together you must have some means of excluding" the big birds from the food dish, or the " tinies " will get nothing and die. I would like to describe an apparatus 1 devised for this purpose, but time and space are limited, and that must be reserved for some future occasion. In conclusion 1 would say that of all the birds 1 have ever had ;;(;//(' have afforded me more joy and such infinite pleasure than the smaller British soft-bills. Jf I can ever afford to build a second aviary these charming I^illiputians shall not be forgotten. May the ship not tarry too long on its journey ! To be cuiitiiined. C^^-K^ Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity. By E. Hopkinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. For meaning- of aijljreviations I'idc pages 58-59 (last vol.). ( Contbutcd from page 208). 456.— SANDWICH ISLAND GOOSE Xcsochcti sandvicensis. W.T.P. <^ 457.— UPLAND GOOSE. Chlncphaga magcUauica. W.T.P. Zoo. 1904 and later. Hybrids. X Upland Goose' (ivuddy-headed Goose). <^- 458.— RUDDY-HEADED GOOSE C ntbidiccps. W.T.P. Wormald. 1913. See A.M. (3) v. 335. " A free breeder " tAstley, A.M. 1915, T,^y. Hybrids. RUDDY-HEADED (iOOSl'. x UPLAND (iODSE. W.T.P. Entered in Page's list with Branta nipcollis as the Latin name; no doubt a slip. 22b Rcroi'ils of Hirds -a'liich have bred in Captivity. 459.— CHESTNUT-BREASTED GOOSE. C. pniioccphahi. W.T.P. <> 460. — MANED GOOSE. Clicnouctta jubata. W.T.P. i>1 Zoo, i()M>, and sec .'\.M. 1917, -lo. .Xhroacl. iilaauw, Hollaiul. 1905. See A.M. i()i7, J5<^. J I VURIDS. AlANED GUOSI': x i:(.YPTlAX (iUOSIi. W.T.I'. 0 461.— WHITE-FACED TREE DUCK. Dcudrocy^^mi vidiiata. .Mckaii and W'onnald, 1014. See I'ield, Jan. jb, 1915. 462.— FULVOUS TREE-DUCK D.fnlva. W.T.P. 0 463.— RED BILLED TREE-DUCK P. atitiimuaUs. W.T.P. ♦ 464.— EGYPTIAN GOOSE. Alopochcu acgyptianis. W.T.P. Zoo, and elsewhei'o. Hybrids. I-.CVITIAN GOOSE x SPURWIXG GOOSE. Abroad. W.T.P. C. EGYFTLAN GOOSE x CHINES1-: (iOOSE. W.T.P. X ^VILD DUCK. W.T.P. X SIIELDUCK. W.T.P. X Ef^yjitian Goo.<;e (Maned Goose'). X l*""viilian Goose (Riiddv .'-^lielduck"). 465.— SHELDUCK. Tiuiorua tadonia. W.T.P. Zoo, 1910. Hybrids. Records of Buds which have bred in Captivity. 22/ SHELDUCK X GRI':Y-HI':ADI-:D SHiaJOUCK. W.T.P. X WILD DUCK. W.T.P. X Shcltluck (ligj'ptian Goose). 466.— RUDDY SHELDUCK. Losafca cascirca. W.T.P. Zoo and elMjwliL-rc. Hybrid-s. RUDDY SIIIU.DUCK x KGY I'TIAX ( ,C )( )Si;. W'.T.I'. X (iRKY-HEADliD SHI:LDUCK. W.T.P. X NEW ZEALAND SHELDUCK. W.T.P. X FALCATED DUCK. Abroad, W.T.P. C. X Ruddy Slicdduck (New Zealand Shelduck). RUDDY X GREY-lil':AD .SH I'.L]:)UCK IIVIIRID x (iRI-A'-HEADED SHELDUCK. W.T.P. 0 467.— GREYHEADED SHELDUCK. C. cai.a. Hybrids. X Grey-headed Shelduck (Shelduck). X Grey-headed Shelduck (Ruddy Shelduck). X Grev-headed Shelduck (Ruddv x Grev-licad Shelduck Hvbrid). ^ 463.— NEW ZEALAND SHELDUCK C. z'aiici^ata. W.T.P. Zoo. 1910, igii, etc. Hybrids. NEW ZEALAND SHELDUCK x RUDDY SHELDUCK. W.T.P. X New Zealand Shelduck (Ruddv Shelduck). -<>- 469.— AUSTRALIAN SHELDUCK. C. tadonwldes. 1 can onlv Inid hyhn\l records. l)Ut feel fairly sure that it has been true- bred as well (E.LL). Hybrids. AUSTRALLW SHELDUCK x BAR-HEADED GOOSE. W.T.P. 22^^ Records of liinis u.'h'ich have bred in Captivity. 470. — WILD DUCK. Anas boscas. W.T.P. L'oniinonly bred. iJlack Indian Duck (.1. boscas rar.) W.T.I'., and other domcslic breeds. HVBKIDS. WILD DUCK X MUSCOVY DUCK. Al)road, WM'.P. C. " fertile hyljrid.s " fVale WILD DUCK X SUMMER DUCK. WT.I'. X MANDARIN DUCK, Abroad, W.T.P. C. X MELLER'S DUCK. W.T.P. * X DUSKY DUCK. W.T.P. X AUSTRALIAN WILD DUCK. W.T.P.* X YELLOW-BILLED DUCK. W.T.P. X SPOT-BILLED DUCK. W^T.P. * X GADWALL. Abroad, W.T.P. C. X WIGEON. Abroad, W.T.P. C. X AMERICAN WTGEON. Abroad, W.T.P. C . X COMMON TEAL. Abroad. W.T.P. C. " fertile hybrids." X PINTAIL. W.T.P. "fertile hybrids •" jX-At. X SHOVELLER. Abroad, W.T.P. C. X RED-CRESTED POCHARD. Vale's list. '■ Penguin Drake '" (i.e. .1 .boscas var.) x EGYPTIAN GOOSE. Vale's list. X Wild Duck (Egyptian Goose). X Wild Duck (Shelduck). X Wild Duck (Meller's Duck). X Wild Duck (Dusky Duck). X Wild Duck (Yellow-billed Duck). X Wild Duck (Gadwall). X Wild Duck (Wigeon). X W^ild Duck (Pintail). X Wild Duck (Rosy-billed Duck). WILD X SPOTRILL HYBRID x MELLER'S DLTCK. W.T.P. * X „ „ X AUSTRALIAN WILD-MELLER'S HYBRID. W.T.P. * „ X ,, ,, X AUSTRALIAN WHLD DUCK-PIX- TAIL HYBRID. W.T.P. * X „ „ X PINTAIL X WILD HYBRID. W^T.P. * To the third generation, all fertile. tW.T.P. X „ „ X AUSTRALIAN WILD DUCK X PINTAIL X MELLER'S TRI- GEN. § W.T.P, • Records of lairds which have bred in Captii'ity. 22g * Bred by Mr. Ilonliote, fl'^'g'e's list, p. 31. § Trigfii, l.'.onhotc's convcMiient name for sucli triple hybrids. 0 471.— SOUTH AFRICAN BLACK DUCK .1. sparsa. Abroad, ist r.laauu , Holland. See A.M. 1917. 66. 472.— DUSKY DUCK .1. obsciini. W.T.P. Zoo, 1911. HVBKIDS. DUSKY DUCK x WILD DUCK. W.T.P. X DUSKY X WILD HYBRID. W.T.P. X YELLOW-BILLED DUCK. W.T.P. X Dusky Duck (Wild Duck). X Dusky Duck (Yellow-billed Duck). 473.— MELLER'S DUCK .1 inelleri. Hybrids. MELLER'S DUCK x WILD DUCK. Zoo, 1904. X Meller's (Australian Wild Duck) X Meller's (Wild Duck). X Meller's (Wild X Spotbill Hybrid). X Meller's (Yellow-billed Duck). 474.— AUSTRALIAN WILD DUCK A. supcrcUlosa. W.T.P. Zoo, igio, 1911. LIybrids. AUSTRALIAN WILD DUCK x ROSY-BILLED DUCK. W.T.P. X MELLER'S DUCK. A necessary prc- limary to the cross (i) below. X PINTAIL, d-tto (2). X PINTAIL X MELLER'S HYBRID, ditto (3). X Australian Wild Duck x Meller's Hybrid (Wild Duck , X Spotbill Hybrid) (i). X .\ustralian Wild Duck x Pintail Plybrid (Wild Duck X Snotbill Hybrid) (2I. X Australian Wild Duck x Pintail x Me'\r's Trigen (Wild Duck X S'.oibill Hvbrid) (3) X Australian Wild Duck (Wild Duck). X .Australian \\'ild Duck (Chilian Pintail). To be continued. _'30 More Xotcs on Swains oil's Lorikeets. More Notes on Swainson's Lorikeets. Bv Maurick Amslkr. AJ.B., F.Z.S. Sir Leo Cliioz/.a Money "s triumphs with his Swainson's Lorikeets have tempted me to add to the literature on this suhject, wliile the interest in these birds is still fresh. Mv l)irds came to me from Mr. hrostick in Xox'emhcr 19 lO, and were from the first in perfect health and feather, in fact they appear never to have had a feather out of place or a trace of shaljbiness durin;^" their three years sojourn with me- \ery different from the Broad-tails, for instance, who become verv disreputable in appearance when moulting;' in Septendjer. For a time after their arrival they were kept in a larL^'c cage in my sitting-room, and apart from requiring somewhat frecjuent cleaning", made delightful and interesting i)ets. No other species that 1 know is so kitten-like in its behaviour as these Lorikeets (the nearly-allied Red-naped behave in much the same way) — they roll each other over on the cage fioor, and drag one another around the cage as if they were having a bout of " ju-jitsu;" the next moment they have perhaps disapjieared into their nest-box. the racket reminding one of a party of children turned loose, in the nursery. As the birds became more at home in their new quarters they gradually but steadily developed their power of " song,' which soon became too constant and nerve-racking even for me — this ended in their seclusion in an empty room, wdiere again there followed a period of silence, which, unfortunately, did not last long. During the winter I frequently noticed the birds mating, and in b'ebruary 1917 I discovered two eggs (the usual clutch) in the nest-bo.x. These were not ]:)roperly incubated, and soon got broken. In .\pril I turned the pair out into an axiary containing' a mixed collection of I'road-tails. Ring-necks, etc. Thev behaved perfectly until June, when I suspected them of entering niv Red-rumps' nest-box and destroying" their eggs. Thev were not given the benefit of the doubt and were at once removed More Xotcs on Szcaiiison's Lorikeets. 231 to a small aviary by themselves. Xothini;- su.i^g'estive of further breeding' occurred until November 4th, when I found the hen sitting on two e.^.^s. The aviary was an all-wire one. the nest-box being the only shelter in the place, and I stroni^l}- doubted the birds" ability to rear youn^" under these circum- stances; it was getting very cold and I had \isions of frozen milksop and starving young. Had I known what I now know all would probably have gone well, Imt 1 decided to bring the birds indoors, so the following night 1 crept into the aviary, and clapping my liand over the entrance hole of the nest-box I transported the two birds and their eggs to a very large cage indoors. To my surprise the hen sat on for a few days, but finally made a meal off the eggs, which were apparently hard-set. r)n Deceml^er 12th the nest-box contained another egg. I discovered this fact owing to the appearance of the hen, who was obviously egg-bound. She was promptly oiled, steamed, and put into a very hot room, close to an anthracite stove, and the egg was duly jiassed during the night. This egg I placed in the nest-box with the other, but handling had probably upset the hen and she made no attempt to sit. On January 15th, 1918, another egg was laid. I'he second egg did not appear till the i8th — an interval of 3 days (which is more or less constant). The hen sat steadily, and the first and only chick appeared on February loth. This gives an incubation period of 26 days from the laying of the first egg. The youngster, when first hatched, was of the usual pink colour, covered with yellow down. He only progressed slowly, and disappeared after 10 days. On March loth the room in which I kept the birds was required for other purposes, so I turned the Lorikeets out again into the open aviary, and it was onlv when I was hanging up their nest-box that I discovered it to contain two eggs. Oddly enough, the hen sat on steadily, and hatched out two chicks, one on April ist, and another on the 6th. At this time I used to feed my l)irds on a somewhat com])licated mixture of sponge cake with Alellin's food, honey, and condensed milk, together with any available fruit such as banana or orange. I also gave them, when rearing young, a pot containing golden syrup diluted with an equal quantity of 232 More Notes uii Szcaiiisoii's Lorikeets. water. Xotwitlistandiii!^' this varied diet one chick died at abmit 7 days, and the survivor, at the a,^e of 5 weeks, had no down feathers or qniHs. and seemed to make very little growth. Air. E. ]. Brook, to whom 1 wrote at the time, sus^'.gested the addition of cane snt^ar, which I proceeded to give at the rate of -' or 3 lumps daily — sugar was scarce at this time as mv readers will remember. 1 think this change of diet produced a little improvement for at the age of 9 weeks the quills began to show, and a week later there was a suggestion of colour about the head and wings. This extraordinary young bird remained in the nest-box for 16 weeks, and could not fly when he first emerged into the world. At the end of another three weeks, however, he was almost as large as his parents, and could fly and scream with the best of Lorikeets. He shortly afterwards went to Miss Peddie-Waddell. This ai)]:)eared to be my birds' hnal effort for 1918, and as winter api)roached they were transferred once more to the mixed aviary already mentioned, together with several species of Parrakeets. This aviary consists of a large shelter con- taining numerous nest-boxes for sleeping and breeding purposes, and an outer flight where f had unknowingly left one or two boxes from the summer. This fact was brought to mv notice on January ist, 1919. by the Lorikeets' noisy behaviour, and looking into the box in question I again found two eggs and on the i8th two chicks had made their appearance. Those aviculturists who keep notes of weather conditions will be able to verify the statement that about this date we were getting hard frosts every night and the milk sop provided was hard frozen each morning; in addition to this the nest-box had no sort of ])rotection from the weather, as the flight is made \\\) of wire-netting on every side. Under the circumstances I had very little hope of rearing the young, and made no alteration in the diet of the parents, which for economy's sake I had lately reduced to ground-rice boiled for a few minutes with fresh cows' milk and sweetened with honey-sugar. More Notes on SivaUisou's Lorikeets. 22,^ On February 9th my notes say: " Young doinj;- well, have been quilled about a week, eyes open, try to hide when inspected; weather very cold ever since January i8th; frequent snow-storms, and of late 10 to 14 dei^rees of frost at night." February 12th: " Colour well developed, blue on head breasts red, and backs green; 18-20 degrees of frost." Notwithstanding these atrocious weather conditions all went well, and both birds left the nest on March 17th, i.e. at the age of eight weeks. Why should these birds, which were hatched under the most adverse circumstances, leave their nest in just half the time taken by their predecessor? It is possible, of course, that the latter had some innate weakness, but I am inclined to think that the diet of fresh cow's milk suited the youngsters better than condensed milk. Anyhow, I have continued it the whole of this year with signal success, and my attem])t at variety l)y substituting either sponge-cake or condensed milk for X\\f- ground rice and fresh milk was not favourably received by the ])arents. ^ly observations on the i)lumage of nestlings tallies, I think, with those of Sir Leo Money. The colours are as bright as in the adult bird, with the exception of the beaks and irides, which are reddish-brown instead of vermilion. The tail is, of course, much shorter at first than is the case in a full-grown l)ird. i sus]:)ect that it is usual for the two young to be a pair. I have not been able to observe much difference in profile or shape of beak, but one of the young is usually brighter on the chest than the other, by which I mean that there is a larger expanse of \-ermilion on the orange or yellow ground. In this connection it is interesting to note what T consider is probably an abnormality in my adult birds, viz. : that the hen, although considerably smaller and more [^ctitc in appearance than the cock, is very much brighter in the coloura- tion of the chest. 234 More Notes on Siva'iuson's Lorikeets. This last pair of youn;j;' l^inis left for Bei.i^iiini with some others at Easter, when the parents were already sittins^- ag'ain. On May 21st and 23rd the chicks appeared, and ,iL;rew rapidly ois the above diet until June 22nd, when 1 removed them from the nest-box to be hand-reared. This was done without difificulty by a friend who took charge of them during- my absence in July and August, but before 1 went away I was to witness a tragedy as the result of my interference: — An innocent pair of Red-rum])s inhabiting the same aviary had three young of about three weeks old. On entering the aviary on the 25th June I found the cock rather badly mauled and unable to fly, and on looking into his nest-box I was horrified to find the hen dead and very much bitten about. She had evidently died protectin:^ her young from the attentions of the Lorikeets, who, I verily believe, meant the young no harm, but were merely looking round for some substitute for their own young. I did not lea\- ■ the young Red-rumps as T wanted the Lorikeets to nest again, but T was able to hand-rear two out of the three orphans. After some years' experience with Parrakeets I have no hesitation in saying that Lorikeets can stand up to any bird even those considerably larger than themselves; that they are the hardest biting of any bird 1 have ever kept ; and that, wdien they " see red " it is high time to separate them from their advers- aries. This latter step I took innnediately before leaving Eton on June 30th, and on returning for a couple of days at the beginning of August found them sitting once more in their new- abode. ( )nly one egg hatched out on this occasion, the young bird leaxing the nest on October 17th. At the time of writing (November 2nd) the old Lorikeets are once more sitting. The two young birds which were hand-reared -were returned to me about mid-September, and were at first housed in a large cage, when they were very fairly tame , coming on to my hand at once when I introduced it through the door. Their delightfully confiding ways, however, were never fullv seen until 1 put them out into an aviary. One need only walk in when down thev fiv on to voiu" hand or shoulder or on to More Xoics on Szvoinsou's Lorikeets. 235 your cap. I'erliaps their only faults arc that they do not like beiny" driven otT when one wants to leave the aviary, and that their caresses are somewhat energetic. They are very fond of chewing my liands. and occasionally draw blood when so doing! It is ,'dl meant in good part, and nuist therefore be accepted in that light. Both these birds and their parents always spend the night in a nest-box. and so are practically indejiendent of the weather at night. By their demeanour I should not be at all surprised to fmd them sitting also in a few days. The old birds have thus reared five young already this year, and may possibly bring off two more by Christmas. Should their offspring rear one or more young before the year is otit 1 shall consider that I have a strain of Lorikeets as easily bred and considerably more remunerative than the common Budgerigar. ()f my other doings for the year there is not much to relate. Diamond Doves have reared six young \o maturity, and have allowed se\"eral just out f)f the nest to die for want of attention. My Californian Quails have this year failed to do anything beyond laying 18 egi^s, which were all unfertile. The hen. who has done her duties faitlifully for several years, was getting old, and has since died. Rosellas only reared five young, two of which never left the nest although fully feathered and well grown. Peach-faced Lovebirds hatched out one chick out of six- eggs in June. It was fully reared. The next sitting of four eggs was entirely successful; the four yoimgsters graduallv left the nest at several days' inter^-al during October. Thev are all strong on the wing at the moment, though they spent their first few days on the ground. 22,6 Thoughts ill September. Blne-1)red Biuli^'eriiJi'cirs have bred fairly freely, and although most of the young', both of this season and last, showed a distinct bluish tinge on the under-i)arts, 1 have always found that they become tyi)ica]ly green after the hrst moult. This, 1 think, ends my recital of a very mediocre season, vind 1 nuist look forward to an early return to insectivorous birds. They are certainly more trouble to feed, especially when rearing" young", but the results are more pleasing" when achieved, and infinitely more interesting". 0-M^> Thoughts in September. By Miss J. Illingworth. There are birds which love the water. They may not understand, but they are cpiite in sympathy with the mystery of it. Yesterday I passed by a little pool on the common. There were Swallows skimming along the surface. Every now and then one rose and swooped beautifully down, caught a " fenny-skater," and was away again. A I'ied Wagtail perched on a stone, looking out for prey. Tit-I.arks hovered around, uttering their deeply cheery little note. A young Water Men scurried across the pond. I could see the old nest on the lower Ijranclies of a willow, only an inch or so out of the water. The mother-bird was wandering" jerkily in search of food on the green banks. It is not surprising" that the Swedish naturalist, Stillingtleet, affirms with absolute confidence that swallows hibernate under water. Even (lilbert White had to give ear to these theories. Bv his own obserA'ations lie realised that sleepy swallows were usually first seen by the river. A snatch of warm weather and a few insects were certain to bring the swallows out of their torpidity. Was it probable that they would leave sunnv .Africa " To enioy the transient summer of a couple of days?" Besides, there was the tunnel of the Small Birds of Paradise. 237 Sand Martin. Tt was two feet lons^-. and marvellously excavated. The swallow^ tribe were evidently able to make then.iselves cosy liibernacnlnnis. Once 1 bej^in to follow a stream its fascination overcomes me. Throui;h an archway of silver birches — a ivingfisher dashini.^" on before--the stream wanders up on to the moors. There is a Dipper fHttin,t;- from stone to stone. As Knii2;ht- Horseheld says, it is curiously like the wren in characteristic movements, mode of tii,ght and nest-building". Although the Dipper is not a web-footed creattire, and does not swim upon the stirface, it walks into the water until it is entirely submerged. Then it literally flies along the bed of the river, picking up its prey among the weeds. A Sandpiper flying lo walights on a little grey boulder. It trips daintily about, catching flies off the water . . . then away it goes, piping. These. Nature's works, the cu/ious mind employ » inspire a soothing, melancholy joy." — G. White. O^-^^ Small Birds of Paradise Reprinted from the " l^imcs " of November 8th. ipiQ, zvith apologies and thanks to the Editors — euttings per W. H. Rayuor, M.A., and Miss L. Harbord.—Ed. B.N. LORD TAVISTOCK'S LOAN TO THE ZOO. " The Collection at the Zoological Gardens has been enriched, at least temporarily, by a number of birds obtained by Mr. F'rost in New ^ruinea and the Malay Archipelago, for Lord Tavistock. Most of the parrots and lories, some of which were very rare, were at once sent on to the private aviaries of their owner, but an interesting and valuable set of other l)irds remain at the Gardens on deposit. 238 Small Birds of Paradise. Among'st those that have been phiced in tlie Small Bird House the most notable are four Lesser Birds of Paradise, all adult males, in fair ])lum;ij4e considerin,^- the louii,- voyage they have undergone. Fortunately these beautiful birds are still fairly abundant in New Guinea and some of the smaller islands of the Malay Archipelago. Their plumes are bright yellow, tipped with white, and have a few stiff scarlet feathers amongst them . The head is marked with green and black, and the general plumage is a rich brown, washed with golden yellow and straw colour. I'heir diet consists of fruit, seeds, grubs and insects. In captivity they covet mealworms, and the offer of one of these is the best inducement to them to go into the brilliant display, characteristic of the Birds of Paradise. Another cage in the Small Bird House contains a very fine example of the Pileated Hornbill of Sumatra. The bird is an adult male, black with a long white tail and a chestnut-coloured head. The huge bill is yellow, marked with red at the base. It is nearly omnivorous, taking fruit, insects, and any small rats or mice that it is able to capture. Hornbills become very tame, and have a good deal of intelligence, but their dirty habits make them unsuitable as pets. Another, not rare, but very attractive part of the collection is a pair of Red-sided Eclectus parrots from New Guinea. No one, not an expert in parrots, would guess that the male and female belong to the same species. In all the species of Eclectus, the females are brighter than the males, although it is not known whether there is a reversal in the breeding habits of the sexes as in the Phalaropes, where the dull- coloured males tend the young. In the Red-sided Eclectus the male is green with a yellow beak, and a pair of bright yellow- and-red tufts on the chest. The female is brilliant red, with a faint wash of blue on the chest, a dark beak, and bright yellow tail. Two young One-wattled Cassowaries, belonging to the same collection, and obtained in New Guinea, have been placed in the Ostrich House. The birds are healthy and tame, but are too young to show the bright coloration of the adult. Cassowaries do fairly well in captivity, and take vegetables, The Endurance of Birds. 239 chopped meat, bones, and any insect food that can be obtained. They are not closely related to the ostriches and emus, but their loss of the power of flii^ht. their strons^;' running legs, hairy plumage, and anatomical structure show that they belong to a primitive type of bird. Two A'ictoria Crowned Pigeons from the Island of Jobi, and a so-called " conunon " Crowned Pigeon from New Guinea, have been placed in the \\ estern Aviary. These magnificent birds are the finest of living pigeons. The plumage is slate- coloured with markings of black, chestnut, and white, varying with the species. They all have a large erect crest of decomposed feathers . Their usual note is harsh and trumpet- like, but in the breeding season they "coo" like other pigeons." The Endurance of Birds. By Weslky T. Pagi:. F.Z.S.. M.B.O.U.. etc. (Continued froni page 2l8). Quail: These are charming aviary-birds, but they do best on ground which is well drained and soon dries after rain. However, those whose ground has a subsoil of clay need not look upon this as prohibitive to successfully keeping them, as many species will do well with them. e.g. Californian. Chinese. Harlequin. Rain, etc.. but the Jungle-Bush, Button, Argoondah and allied species are better on dry sandy ground, and if kept 240 The Endurance of lairds. special provision should be made : provide a jiatcli of sand in a corner of the shelter with a small heap of brushwood lyin^- on the top. It will also be well toprovide sundry small shelters about the flij^ht. somewhat as diai;ram cner leaf; A is the base, 6 to 8 inches deep, and a convenient size is 24 by 15 inches. On this base are nailed the slopinj^" boards forming- the roof. No bottom is required. B is the open space, .giving- the cpiail free access to the interior. C is a portion of the front, boarded in to check drivint^' rain. If these shelters are placed in an open-flight, having' all its sides wire-netting, then a solid back will be required, but ^^1'CP placed against a wood or brick back, no back to the shelter will be required. Place the shelter in position and make a gentle slope of the outside ground up to top of board A. Then fill in the interior as in diagram : I equals lin. of rul)1)le for drainage. J~^^,^^^^ -_ - equals lin. of ashes. SL Za 3 equals space to be filled up with / sand. With this jirovision of dry retreats, those species recpiiring dry ground could be kept by those aviculturists whose aviaries are erected on damp, wet- retenti\e ground. If these shelters receive three coats of creosote, or some .similar wood-preservative, they will have quite a " long-life." The species to be dealt with in this article are ; * C"alirorni;in Ouail I Lophortyx coUfflniica). * (.'hinc-so l';iinlod Ouail I Excalfactcria cliincnsis). l\ain Ouaii (Co.'uniix cflroDiaudeUca ). * Harlequin Quail iCdiirnix delagorgiiii). * Argoondah Qu;iil (Pcrdicula argoondah). o p The Endurance of Birds. 241 t |un,i;k--r>ush Qiuiil il'. asialica}. t Common Quail (Cotnniix ctutiniix). j Little liutton Onail (Tiinjx ,lii.ssuiiiicrij. T Greater lUiltoii Uuail (T. tau.'ci). * flave lired in m\- aviaries. t Re(|uire drv saiuU ^'.-oiiinl. oi the provision of sandy retreats {7'ide diagrams alioNe). r\)')D: This is a very simple matter : where a numerous selection of harcl-l)il!s are kept, a couple of pairs of ([uail will sul)sist on the seed scattered on the j^round by the harddjills. li' thei;' is any doubt as to sui^ciency a small pan of niivcd canarv, millet and small strain will fully meet their requirements. When they are feeding' youni; they nmst have access to insectile mixture (any i^ood brand will meet the case), a liberal su.'i'l'.' of live insects (meahvorms. i;entles. ants' cocoons .etc ), and finely chopped spring" onions as green food. Liciuid custard is also excellent for the hrst 7 to 14 days. But they soon learn to pick up seed, and then the Bill of Fare of the adults fully meets their case. Those si)ecies notitied as having bred in mv a\'iary have •ill '.eu: reared by the respective species, without the aid (>f foster-parents, coops or anything of that character, and the parents and their broods of wee chicks make charming pictures in the aviary-flight. Cai.iforni.ax Ol^aii.: Hardy, prolihc, and very hand- so*;, e: 6-xes quite distinct in plumage. Incubation about .3 days. The broods are usually large, 17 to 20, and most of the chicks hatched out are usually reared. This species spends as much time in the branches as it does on tlie ground. They are very picturesque in a roomy, naturally ])lanted flight. About the size of a bantam fowl. Chixesk Paixtkd Quail: Really beautiful and quite small. The sexes are quite distinct in plumage. Though all aviculturists do not succeed in breeding them, they certainlv are a prolific species once a breeding pair is secured. The chicks, though so exceedingly small, run about at once and get through half-inch mesh netting, so must be kept under 2,12 The Eiitliirancc of Birds. observation. A family party of this channiiii;' species makes a beautiful piclure. and tliey are the species par excellence for the mixed linch aviary. li.\Ri,j:nuiN Quail: A handsome African species, hardy and prolil'ic, thoug'h sometimes it is not easy to secure a breediui;" pair. The sexes are distinct in plumai4e. About the size of the Comiuon Ouail. They have been crossed with the i\ain Quail, and the resulting' hybrids were very handsome L-nds. I have found young" Harlequins fully as easy to rea.r as Calilornians. Raim Quail: A little smaller than the Conmion Quail, plainly clad, but a very pretty species. Hardy and prolific. In wet seasons the young" are not always reared, so if such should be the case it would be well to put parents and young" into a roomy coop on dry. well-drained ground. However, in an ordinary season there is no difficulty whatever in rearing" them, if the conditions as to foods {vide above) are carried out. Argooxdah Quail : Should not be kept on damp ground, unless the provision named in my opening" remarks is supplied. A very handsome Indian species, hardy and robust though it does not thrive on wet ground. It is quite ready to nest and hatch out a brood, but the young" are not so easy to rear as any of the preceding species, especially in a wet season. However, if there be a plentitude of live insects and the parents and \oung" are confined to the driest portion of the aviary, all should go well. They are worth keeping for their great beauty alone. Jungle-Bush Quail: Very similar to the Argoondah, and, as e^•erything I have written about them applies equally to the jimgle-Bush in all particulars, there is no need to re- cai)itulate. The sexes are distinct in plumage, very handsome, and the young are a little easier to rear, perhaps, than the Argoondahs. w O Q Pi •^ ^ E3 The EiKiiiraiicc of Birds. 24^ Common Ouail: l'"or some reason this plainly-clad species has never laid ej^j^s in my aviaries, though 1 have possessed many pairs. Very few ha\e been reared in captivity, in fact. I think I am correct in statins; that on.ly two aviculturists ha\e succeeded in successfully rearin,y younj^-. It is hardy, but thrives best on dry i^round, and calls for no further comment. It is the least attractive of all the quails, and is shy and wild in demeanour. Gre.at a.\d Ln ile Butio.x-Ouail : Both these are very attractive and handsome si)ecies. Both are small species, but the Little Button is, 1 think, the most minute of all cjuail. They are polyandrius. i.e., the male bird incubates the eggs and rears the chicks, while the hen, taking no interest in the eggs, goes off and seeks another mate and lays another clutch of eggs, and so on. Given dry ground the_\- are not at all difficult to keep fit in captivity, but, so far as I can call to mind at the moment of writing, diissitiiiicri has made no attempt to go to nest in captivity. Their native habitat is India. In conclusion. I must point out that most species of cjuails are rather scary and wild when first put into new quarters, and apt to rise wildly and scalp themselves against the roof- netting of the aviary. Thus it is well to cut the fiight feathers of one wing before turning them into the aviary. There will be no need to repeat this operation after the nioult has restored to them the full power of fiight, as, by this time they will have settled down and will not be liable to flying wildly, but simply scuttle into cover when one enters their enclosure. I consider no mixed series of birds is complete unless it includes one or two pairs of these charming birds. Except the Californian, the species named in this paper spend practically the whole of their time upon the ground. To be continued. J44 Book Notices and Kcz'icivs. Booh Notices and Reviews. A 1'ract.ical Handbook of British Birds : By various authors, edited by H. F. Witherby, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U.. with uumerous half-tone and coloured illustrations. In 18 parts, price 4s. each. London: Witherby and Co., 326, llii^'h llolborn, VV.C. i. Tart l\'. : In this part the I'aniily M OTACI LLl DJi is completed, and Families CliRTUlDAi, SllTlDTE. I'ARID/E, and LANIlDAi are practically and comprehensively dealt with. There is a half-tone plate hgurins.^" juvenile plumages of certain I'aridae; an exquisite coloured plate figuring Contin.ental and British Blue Titmice; C'ontinental, British, and Irish Coal Titmice; British Marsh fitmouse, and British Willow Titmouse. Also numerous and intensely practical text figures. Part V. : Contains com])letion of F. LANIlDAi, also /'. JWMBYClLLIDAi and /'. MUSCICAPIDAl is com- menced. A beautiful half-tone plate figures certain Bombycillidac and an exquisite coloured plate figures eight species of the genus Phylloscopiis. There are also numerous luminative text figures of heads, wings, and tails illustrating distinctive features between closely allied species. The parts already issued fully demonstrate what the title claims this work to be, and, in our opinion, when completed, this work will be the most complete and practical compendium upon British species yet issued. A List of the Birds of thk Gambia: By Emilius Hopkinson. D.S.O., M.A., M.B., B. Ch. (Oxon), Travelling Conunissioner. Gambia; price 4s. Brighton: Farncombe and Co.. Eastern Road. The Author states in his Preface : " This is an attempt " at a list of the Birds of Gambia, which is based chiefly on the Ranges as given in the Brit. Mus. Hand List, and in Shelley's Birds of Africa. The compiler has also drawn freely on other writers who have dealt with Gambian Birds, " and added his own notes on the local distribution of the birds he knows, the knowledge having- been gained during " the 18 years he has worked in the Gambia Proctorate," E- O o o Corycspondcncc. 245 This first instalment is issued tentati\ely ; it is hoped to complete tlie list in due course. To show the plan of the List we y;'ive in full the first record of same. 1. PIX-TAILED WIIVDAH. " lidiiii scrcuct (Linn). H.L. v. 408; Sli. iv. i(). " r. principalis (Linni. Cal. xiii., 20^: lUitkT, Furcii^ii Finches in " Captivity. Plato jiaj^-e _79. "Rwgk: Tro])ical Africa. tll.L. Africa generally south of about " 17 N. lat. Also the islands of St. Thomas and I'ernando Po. Sh." " Common in the (lambia. but not very noticeable " during" the dry season when out of colour, but a g;oocl many " are to be found in the catchers' cag'es, and towards the " beginning" of and during the rains they are quite conunon " in suitable places." As a painstaking" writer on Gambian Birds Dr. Hopkinson is well known to readers of Bird Xotks, and this, his latest effort, will be welcomed l^y all interested in African birds, and will be indispensable to their bookshelves. <>^-f-^ Correspondence. SHORT ECLIPSE PERIOD OF JACKSON'S WHYDAH. Sir, — Perhaps it may be of interest that a cock Jackson's Whydah, which has l)een in my outdoor aviary alaout four years, tnoulted about three weeks ago, and lias since then come into full colour again. It looks in perfect plumage. Usually it has gone out of colour in Autumn, and has remained so all the Winter. Louth, October loth, 1919. E. E- P.ENTLEY. Such instances are not very uncommon, and occur among both Whvdahs and Weavers : instances of the latter have occurred in which both a lengthening or .shortening of the eclipse period has occurred, and also cases in which acclimatised birds, usually moulting and coming into colour normally, have failed to go out of colour at all for one or more seasons. — Ep, 246 Correspondence. OBTAINING OUR SUPPLll':.^ ()!■ I'OK' ICKiN J'.IKDS I!Y HUMANE MliTlJUDS. Sir. — Now that the importation of fc^rrii^n \)\vd< has again become possible, 1 have been wondering wliether the members of b'.B.C. cannot, by co-operative action, do something to put an end to two very great drawbacks attending avicuhure at the present time. (i) Tlie extreme difKicuhy of securing a greater variety of exotic species for our aviaries ; there are liundreds and liundreds of lovely birds, enn'nentlv suited for ihe ])nrposes of axiculture, and <[uite common in their own countrw which are never imported, or oidy come over at rare intervals, to b.e offered for sale at a])i)alling prices. (2) The verv great disadvantage and wastefulness of their sojourn in small cages in the various dealers' shops, from win'ch many reach us in a very unsatisfactory condition. We are just beginning to emerge from the era when every bird-shop was a dirty, gloomy, stinking, disease-infected purgatory for its unfortunate inmates, but the conditions under which liirds are caught and shipped are as bad as ever. The actual catching is mostly done l)y natives and professional trappers, who care nothing for the birds so long as they make something out of them ; the travelling boxes are usually of .such a kind that it is impossible even to clean them, and the care of the birds on the voyage is left to the ship's butcher, who may know nothing about liis ch.arges, and has other duties to attend to. Tlic result is that for every bird which reaches us, to gi\'e pleasure by its beauty and interesting ways, many die en route. This state of affairs is most di.stressing to a true lover of birds ! It is not inevitable, and it and the first-mentioned drawback could be eliminated if the members of F.Ii.C. could agree to club together and finance expedit'ons, where the collecting was done by really humane and experienced bird-keepers, whose salary did not dejiend on the number of birds thev brought back. The superiority of the special expedition over the ordinary trade channels as a means of securing rare birds has .already been abundantly demonstrated, and the appointment of the right kind of men as collectors would rule out the cruelty element altogether. T should be plc;ised to hear the views of members upon the above. Tlavant, November 4th. iqtq. (Till' M AROUl.'^ f)F) T.WISTOCK, Correspondence. 247 •CERTAIN WEAVERS AND THEIR NESTS, AND ROSICLLA PARRAKEETS. SiK, — I hope I am not usiiij;' too much space in our valued Journal, but I would like to make a few remarks. Witli reference to Naiioleon Weavers tearing their nests. Aly experience exactly coincides with Mr. Sliore liaily's, in that I never noticed tlie old l)irds enlarge the opening before the young flew, but ajtcrwards the nest was -entirely jnilied to ])ieces. I have bred these birds on many occasions. With reference to Mrs. Sjjroston's observations on Rosella Parrakeets : I have, as \ ou know, bred many of this sj^ecies : I found that unless all nesting accommodation was removed for at least a fortnight after the \oung birds had flown tiiey invariably died, simply because their parents neglected them and went to nest again before their young were aide to fend for themselves. I lost two or three broods before I discovered this. The fault lay with the cock bird, who had no use for his progeny after they had left the nest. Ciuildford, XovL-mber 14th, 1919. L. LC)\"b:LL-K I'LAYS. With reference to our members. Messrs. Shore l^)aily and Dr. Lovell- Keays", remarks upon this interesting topic. I would like to point out : (i) That my remarks re same in September Bird Noies, referred to Napoleon and Red-billed Weavers as to my own experience, and to Red-billed and Grenadier Weavers in other members" aviaries (2) I did not claim to have ^eeyi the parent birds tear down the front of the nest prior to the young making their exit — my own experience being- that overnight the nests were intact and the young snugly ensconced therein ; at 6 o'clock the following morning the young had made their exit, and the front of the nest was partially torn away. Moreover, the nests in my aviary were not further destroyed, and were mostly otheiwise intact, till cleared away in the spring clean-up. Mrs. Sproston's difficulty was not that her young birds died after leaving the nest, but prior to doing so, though fully fledged and six weeks old. She asks two questions thereupon : (i) Is it usual fcr the young to remain in the nest for so long a period ? Mv experience is : I have only bred one brood of Rosella Parrakeets, and they left the nest when fully seven weeks old. (2) Were my nest boxes too deep, and the young unable to get out? My experience is that a deep nest-l>ox is a convenience as discouraging too early an exit, which young parrakeets are prone to, and, I think, in a back volume of B.N. Mr. H. D. Astly expressed a similar opinion. If any of our members can throw any further light upon these interesting points will they please do so ? Lingfield, November 15th, 1919. WESLEY T. PAGE. 24^ Corrcspo)idcncc. AX ixTERi<:s'rix(; sihpmext of south African BIRDS. Sir, — The lean days of ornithology appear to be passing.. Messrs. damage, Ltd., of Holborn, have just secured what is probably the finest collection of South African birds ever brought to England. It covers some fifty species, and numbers about a thousand birds in good to perfect condition. Great care seems to have been taken of them, for the losses in transit were infinitesimal. The varieties include \'iolet-Eared, Black-Cheeked, Dufresne's, Ijlue-Breast, and other Waxbills; Queen, White- Winged, Red-Collared, Giant, Paradise, and Pintailed Whydahs; many sorts of Weavers; Cape Canaries, and above all, some lovely Peach-Faced Lovebirds and Meyer's Parrots. There is a cage full of young Peach-Faced, all in in the pink of condition. The Meyer's also are young birds. Above all we are glad to note that the prices are in some cases pre-war figures. We don't think that so many Violet-Eared Waxbills have ever before been imported in a single batch. No fewer than 42 safelv arrived, and they are a glorious sight. The number of Blue-Breasted Waxbills is 120, and there are over 300 perfect St. Helenas. We should like to hear that the Zoo had secured samples of each species to redeem its present poor exhibit of birds. As tilings are, the Zoo is a great disappointment to the bird- lover. And surely the general public would rather see a. Violet-Eared Waxbill than a caterpillar or civet-cat. L.C.M. Bird Notes. From Lifr hy Mrs. A. M. Cooh. riicMieil Horn bill HhyUdoceros } licutus, All Rights Reserved. December, 1919. BIRD NOTES: _ — THE JOURNAL OF THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. The Plicated Hornbill. ( Rylidoceros plicatus.) Bv Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. This is one of a nnniber of rare species placed on deposit at tlie Zoo by Lord Tavistock, and our member, Mrs. A. M. Cook. F.Z.S.. has kindly made a study of it, which forms the ])]ate accompanyint^' these notes. This species has very variant head and neck plumage e.g. dark-chestnut, rufous-buff, to buff. The individual at the Zoo has these parts buff, but in this specimen it may, perhaps only be a feature of juvenile plumage. In a state of riature the arboreal or tree-haunting Hornbills subsist largely on fruit, supplementing this with any small mammal they can capture. They are small drinkers and sliow very little inclination to bathe, though I have seen them standing in a large dish of water, but I never saw them splash about therein, nor yet sprinkle their plumage by means of their huge bills. Their movements are certainly not swan-like; they progress by a series of ungainly hops, whether on the ground or the branches of trees. Their flight is heavy and noisy. Some of the species have a grotesque sort of beauty, and are very handsome birds. They soon become tame and steady. They feed in a strange and interesting manner, pre- ferring their food in small lumps or balls, which they seize by the tip of the bill, tlien o]jen their bill, at the same time giving the dainty morsel a downward jerk into their capacious throats. .\t other times they will toss their food into the air, and with -50 RcDiiiiisccnccs. wide open l)cak allow it to tall into the |)ink cax'eni of their month: I ha\e ne\ei" seen them fail to catch food so tossed n]), or food thrown to tliem, while eaj^erly awailini^' same on the perches. Tn captixity they are almost omni\-orous. and will tlni\-e on a mixture of boiled rice, Ijiscnit-mtal, minced raw ])tei. and mi;iced fruit, well kneaded to.u'ether and then broken up into small lumps or balls. They are also very fond of boilcl ve;;etables ctit up into small cubes, also fruit similarly treated. Any mouse that allows itself to be captured is also used as ;i means of sa.tisfyini;" their somewhat lar^e appetites. The indi,i;estil)le portion of their dietary is ejected. At the present time I have a jJair of hand-reared Beuj^'.al I'ied Jdornbills ( Atithracoccros albirostris), which were sent tw me by ^Ir. E. W. Harper with many other Indian species of birds. They are quite youn;^' birds, in juvenile plumai^e and with the casque of ujiper mandible only partially j^rown as yet. They are handsome and interesting", very tame but object to bo handled. IMujtos and notes of same will appear in otn" next issue. The Plicated ITornbill is new to the Zoo collection. Reminiscences. P.v T)i?. L. LovKLL Ke.ws, F.Z.S. (Coiitimti'd Iroiii pa^s^c 225). Before leaving;- the I'.ritish softbills I shotild like to make ■jnie remarks on a few of the other s])ecies; of these latter no b^- 1 so endeared it- elf to me as a Xi.i^htini^ale. 1 le was at once the tamest and most cunninj^ bird I e\-er possessed. Alas! thai 1 should ha\"e to say it, he was also very greedy. It did not remain with me \er}- lon,i;-, as it went with the others when the collection was hnally broken up. It occupied the lar.qest a\i:'.r\', \-. hich had an entrance at either end. Hut no matter Reminiscences. 2^1 how I tried to dodt^e him. lie was always there to meet me at the door. Xatnrally lie '^cA tlie inevita1)le mealworm, and he took very i^ood care that nobody else got any, until one day in exasperation I threw a small pebble at him to drive him away. 'J'he i)ebble did not actually hit the bird, but he construed my act into an insult, retired into a busii.and there sulked a whole day,. His body was as upright as a Norwich canary's and as immobile as a stuffed bird's. Xo mealworm would soften him for several days, and he refused to warble to me after his breakfast. Eventually he forgave me, l)ut seemed to say " Remember I am a l)ird of royal blood, )ic7'cr take such a liberty with me again! " When linally he was caught up to send away, a task as easy as catching a dog, and put into his travelling cage, he looked the picture of injured dignity. 1 ncAcr heard how he got on, but I verily belie\e that bird died of a broken heart. \\'hen he left there was not luuch dimier eaten. He had so entwined himself round one's heart. He followed me hke a dog, and I believe he would have been quite safe out of doors, although 1 never cared to risk the experiment. Another extraordinarily tame bird I possessed and grew to love very dearly was a little hen Blue Sugarbird (Dacnis cayaiia). She was blind in one eye and only cost a modest half-crown. She and I entered into partnership, and between us we made a lovely little cu])-shaped nest. You see she could not quite manage it. and while she was still in the nest I would tuck in the part next to her blind eye. vShe was very impatient with my mistakes! Would take the tow out of my fingers and say quite plainly in bird-language ' Here, you clumsy lumian, give me that bit of tow and I will tuck that in." Of fear she knew absolutely nothing, and I have often fed her on the nest while she was inctd:)ating. Her husband was a ne'er- do-well and shamefully neglected his pretty little wife, and spent most of his time at the club. He was very quarrelsome and finally murdered another of his own species, because he thought the other fellow was paying too much attention to his wife. fie had no use for me, and apparently no objection to my building his wife's home. .A.fter a good deal of trouble my little friend completed the nest, laid two enormoits eggs, and 2=^2 Reminiscences. coniinenccd to inculcate. Before the babies were born tlie father (heel after a short illness, hron.i^ht on by dissolute habits she said. When the chicks hatched I persuaded Mrs. Suj^arbird to let me liave a ])ee]), and there was only one. Still that was a hne healthy chick, and we bought a book, took lots of advice, and tried otn- hands at rearing- Baby Sugarbird. It only lived 3 or 4 days, and I unconsciously was the murderer. You see, I didn't understand baby Sug'arbirds in those days, and I actually gave Mrs. Sugarbird a gentle for the baby. As I had given it to her she thought it must be all right, and gave it to her baby, which died the same day. In light of more mature experience I can only say to myself " What did you expect?" So my little friend was a wife, a widow and a childless mother all in a few days. She lived with me for quite a while, but one day she seemed a little seedy, so I gently caught her up. a little ball of green fluff, after the dustman had passed by, and brought her into the house, but loving care without knowledge and experience (for it was in my early days of aviculture) did not avail, and so my little friend was gathered to her fathers, and took the journey which knows no return, leaving a heavy- hearted human to mourn for her. Aviculture is not one unending success, and the loss of birds, such as she, leaves a scar which not even time can efTace. It seems hard to believe " It is better to have loAcd and lost than never to have loved at all." She was not stuffed, because stuffed l)irds look so unreal, and after all. it is not the shape of the l)ird that wins its way to your affections. It is a thousand pretty little ways. As the saying is " Charms catch the eve. but won't win the soul." Ijut what " cursed spite " is it that pursues one in life? Each bird that has been a real ])et, a friend to cheer one, has met with a violent end. 1 recollect two of the tamest Parrakeets 1 ever saw or had. Tliey were examples of that lovely little Conure the ( )range-f!anked I'arrakeet. The tameness of the cock bird was quite uncannw 1 have taken him out of doors in the garden scores of times without anything to prevent him flying away. He once did, and flew into an 8oo-acre wood near l)v. However, when he had recovered his fright. I called Reminiscences. 253 him (his name was J oily) and he came back, but 1 had to chmb a tree before I actually got him on my hand. Once there he never attempted to fly away. lie hated being" held. Origin- ally he had a good temper, but my aviary boy got ner\ous when he flew on to him and wished him good morning. Doubtless he gave the boy's ear a little tweak, a trick he was rather given to. quite in fun, but never to hurt, and the youth, who was not noted for his courage or valour, used to drive him away. This made Jolly a little inclined to nip at times, but never those whoni he really knew. Mine nested, but never hatched out. and thereby hangs a tale. A beautiful Mealy Rosella shared the same aviary, but although he had the clothing of a sheep he had the heart of the blackest villain. Moreover, he was as sly as a fox. and never manifested his murderous tendencies when I was about. I sold him once, but the person who was supposed to have bought him sent him back, as he had not got blue cheeks. This so annoyed the Rosella that on his return he ran amok and killed poor Joey, all but killed Sarah, his wife, and then killed m\- hen Malabar Parrakeet, who was herself nursing- a baby Malabar, than whom there never was a more inoffensive bird in existence. This was another blow to me, and my opinion of jieople who buy birds properly descril)ed, keep them for ten days, although not sent on approval, an.l then return them saying" " they havn't g"ot blue cheeks "is better imagined than described. Sometimes I think I will have another Joey and Sarah, but. I ask myself, would it be loyal to my old friends to supplant them in my memory? I once g'ot as far as ordering- a pair, but nine guineas seemed rather a big- price. I was living in a hotel at the time, and so I decided to let Joey and Sarah reign supreme in my memory for a little longer at any rate. Xow all these birds were absolutely differetU in character; the Xightingale showed dog-like faithfulness, but wanted to be treated as a friend standing in the same place as I did. The Sugarbird was a partner and told me all her troubles, and, woman-like, leant on me to help her through. The Orange-flanks were of the familiar friend type, so aptlv _'54 Records o] lurds a'///V/; liai'c Ih'cd in Captivity. described by Cowper in tlie following; lines: — " Tlie man who hails you Tom or Jack. And shows, by thumps uj)on your back. How he esteems your merit. Is such a friend tliat one had need Be very much his friend indeed To pardon or to l)ear it!" And so my aviary boy found out and resented it. liach has his or her place in my avicultural cenotajjli and can never bs forgotten. Eacli one taught me a lesson, which was learnt at the expense of its little life, so one hopes at least if one is sadder, yet it may mean a wiser man. (To be concluded). ^-h^ Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity By E. Hopkinson, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. 4T5.— YELLOW-BILLED DUCK .1 iwditlata. W.T.P. Zoo, 1911. Hybrids. YI'.I.LOW-UILLKD DUCK x .\I FILLER'S DUfK. W.T.P. Zoo. 1910. X DUSKY DUCK. W.T.P. Zoo. 1910. X WILD DUCK. W.T.P. X Yt'llow-bilk'd OViloccUorltyuclia. W.T.P. Zoo, 1905, etc. Hybrids. X Si)ot-l)illcd (Wild Duck). Records ol Birds zvhicli have bred in Captivity. 255 478.— ANDAMAN TEAL. /'. albigularis. W.T.P. Zoo, 1905 (4) ■■ i)rol)ably tlie first time." tReport. ^ 479,— FALCATED DUCK liiinctta falcata. St. Ouintin, 19K). See A.M. J917, -'49. Hybrids. FALCATED DUCK x GADWAIJ.. Kew Giirdens, iqif). I'irst recoriled as tlie first succes>. tnu'-I)ied Falcated, A.M. 1917. qt>. l)Ut later Finn decides that the 3()ung- are this cross. .See A..M. 1917, -'40. X Falcated Duck (Ruddy Shelduck). <^ 480. — GAD WALL. Clujulclasinus strepcrus. W.T.P. Worniald, 1913. See A.M. (3) v. 335. Hybrids. GADWALL X WILD DL'CK. W.T.P. GADWALL X PL\TA1L. W.T.P. X Gadwall (Summer Duck). X Gadwall (Wild Duck). X Gadwall (Falcated Duck). ^ 481.— WIGEON. Marcca pcnclope. W.T.P. Zoo, 1908, etc. rIVBRIDS. WIGF^ON X WILD DUCK. W.T.P. and Vale. X PINTAIL, W.T.P. X COMMON TEAL. Abroad, W^T.P. C. X BAIKAL TEAL. Abroad, W.T.P. C. X Wig:eon (Wild Duck). X Wigeon (Pintail). <> /t8i.— AMERICAN WIGEON 1/ americami. W.T.P. Wormald, 1913. See A.M. (31 v. t^t,^. Hybrids. X American Wigeon (Wild Duck). X American Wigeon (Bahama Duck). J-^C) Records of Birds ichich have bred In Caf^t'ri'Uy. 483.— CHILOE WIGEON M. sibthUrix. W.T.P. Wurniald as above. Hybrids. CHILOP: WIGEON X CHILI.-W PINTAIL. W.T.P. <> 484.— BAIKAL TEAL. \ cltnun formusutn. W.T.P. IIVBKIDS. X P>aikal Teal (Wigeon). <> 485.— COMMON TEAL A. crccca. W.T.P. Woiniald as above. Hybrids. X Common Teal (Wild Duck). X Common Teal (Wigeon). X Common Teal (Pintail). 486.— AUSTRALIAN TEAL A. castancinn. W.T.P. Abroad, " I have bred them during the last 3 or 4 years " Blaauw, Holland, Ibis, 1916, 254. 4g7._GREY TEAL. V. ^tbbenfrotis. W.T.P. 0 488.— YELLOW-BILLED TEAL .V fiarirostrc. W.T.P. Zoo, 1909, etc. 0 489.— BRASILIAN TEAL. A. brnsilicnsc. W.T.P. Zoo, 1912. 6 490.— PINTAIL. Pafila acuta. W.T.P. Worniald, 1913. See A.M. (3) v. SS5- 1 lYliKIDS. PINTAIL X WILD DUCK. W.T.P. " ofifspring fertile " fllarllett. Wild A)ii»uils in Capti-^'ity, J17 PINTAIL X MELLER'S DUCK. Presumably a necessary preliminary to the fifth Wild X Spotbill x hybrids ; see WILD DITCK hybrids. Rccurds of Birds tcliich have bred in Captii'ity. 2^/ PINTAIL X WIGEON. Abroad, W.T.P. C. X COMMON TEAL. Abroad, W.T.P. C. X Pintail (Wild Duck). X Pintail (Australian Wild Duckj. X Pintail (Gad wall). X Pintail (Wigeon). X Pintail x Wild Duck Hybrid (Wild Duck x Spotbill Hybrid). 491.— CHILIAN PINTAIL D. spi,iiaimhi. W.T.P. Worniald as above. Hybrids. CHILIAN PINTAIL x AUSTRALIAN WILD DUCK. W.T.P. X Chilian Pintail (Chiloe Wigeon). 0 492.— BAHAMA DUCK. Poecilonetta baliameitsts. W.T.P. Wormald as above. Hybrids. BAHAMA DUCK x AMERICAN WIGEON. Zoo, 1913 (7). <^ 493.— RED-BILLED DUCK. P. crythrorhyncha. W.T.P. Abroad, 2 bred by Blaauw, Holland, in 1916. See A. A. 1917, 66. <^ 494.— VERSICOLOR TEAL (Jiicrqucdula versicolor. W.T.P. <^ 495.— GARGENEY. Q. qitcrquedula. I think has been bred, but I have come across no record yet. (E.H.). 0 496.— BLUE WINGED TEAL. Q discors. Hybrids. X Blue-winged Teal (Cinnamon Teal). 0 497.— CINNAMON TEAL Q. cyanoptcra. ?1ybrid.'^. CINNAMON TEAL x RLUE-WTNGED TEAL, Wormald, " easily obtained and vice-versa;" see A.M. (3) v. 364. 258 Rcd-billcd Toucan. 498. — MARBLED DUCK. Mamionnicttd (Dii^iislirostris. W.T.P. i I vnKi i)S. mari;lI':i) duck x \\iiit1':-I':yi:i) I'oniAKD. w.t.i'. X Marl.lcd Duck (White-eyed Pocli:inli. 499.— SHOVELLER. Spatula cJypcata. W.T.P. Zoo, 1910, etc. 1 U'liKID.S. X Slioveller (Wild Ducivl. -s> 500.— RED CRESTED POCHARD. Xctta yupna. W.T.P. Hybrids. X Red-crested Pochard (Rosy-billed Duck). <^ 501.— ROSY-BILLED DUCK Mclopiana pcposaca. W.T.P. Zoo, 1907. Hybrids. ROSY-BILLED DUCK x WH.D DUCK. W.T.P. ,, X RED-CRESTED POCH.VRD. W.T.P. X TUFTED DUCK. W.T.P. X Rosy-billed Duck (.-Xustralian Wild Duck). X Rosy-billed Duck (White-eyed Pochard). ^ 502.— POCHARD Aytliya fcnna. W.T.P. Wormald, 1913. A.M. (3) v. 335. Hybrids. 1'0CH.\RD X RED-CRESTED POCHARD W.T.P X WHITE-EYED POCHARD (" Pagefs Duck '•). Abroad, W.T.P. C. X TUFTED DUCK. Abroad. W.T.P. C. (To be continued.) <>»^> Red-Billed Toucan. (RhdDipliastus erythroJiyiichus.) r.v Wk.slkv T. P.\c.k, F.Z.S.. M.B.O.U. Tlie specimen from \vliicli .Mrs. .\. M. C'ook lias mad-- llie (Irawin,^-. wliicli illustrates these notes, has l)een jjhiced on (lei)osit at tlie Zoo. and is one of many rare s])ecies collected for Lord Tavistock in New •( luinea. and are comparatively recent arrivals. Red- billed Toucan. 259 Toucans are interesting and quaint birds, and their general habits, characteristics, etc.. are as quaint as their appearance, wliich is as droll when they are in restful slumber as when actively disporting about their flight. As will be readily imagined they make most interesting pets, but need a roomy cage, whch nmst l)e frequeiUly cleansed, as they are large eater;> of soft-food, fruit, etc. They well repay any trouble their care involves, as they become very tame and familiar when kept as pets. Tood. They are almost omnivorous, and very little comes amiss to them. I found them to thrive on a mixture of boiled rice, minced fruit and a little finely minced raw beef, well kneaded together with the hand. 1 varied this with a mixture of scalded biscuit meal, boiled i)otatoes and carrots, minced fruit and raw beef, well kneading the whole together. The\' are very fond of small fruit, such as cherries, damsons, plums and the like, which they toss about to each other as if having a game at ball, before swallowing same. The stones are ejected. Any mouse or small l)ird they get hold of is eaten with gusto. An ■' old pal " of mine. Parson, a Lesser Stilphur-breasted Toucan, which died at the Zoo during the war, was a most amusing bird — he tolerated any sort of familiarity save being handled, and this he certainly did not appreciate, resenting same by giving a playful nip with the point of his huge bill, and as Toucans only lay hold of a \'ery small jiortion when so resenting sucli familiarity, a small blood-ljlister was usually the result. However, he never attempted to bite under any other conditions,, and he was much missed when the dismantling of my Mitcham aviaries in the autunm of 1916 compelled me to send him to the Zoo. He received the cognomen " Parson " owing to his food tab'e resembling a reading desk, and his habit of standing thereupon and braying forth, with many grotesque gestures, his unnmsical sotig (?). So much did he interest me that I am hoping, in the near future, to have a pair in a small outdoor flight and give them an oi)portun'ty to breed if they will. They should be housetl 26o Rcz'icws (Dill Notices of Nczv Hooks. indoors from late October till early May, as they are rather liable to pneumonia, and their plmna.^e. when wet cloi^s. lea\in,L; them almost naked and at the iiiercy of the usually atrocious. Eni^iish autumn and wiiUer. With all this, Toucans are birds to attract, interest, amuse and fascinate their owners in num])erless ways, and never pall upon tlicm, unless kept in \ery restricted quarters, when, like many other species, they are lethargic and stupid. This si)ecies is, I belie\e. new to the Zoo collection. ^H-K^ Book Notices and Reviews. MENACtERIE club year BOOK: G. Tyrwhitt Drake. Cobtree ^lanor, Maidstone. Kent. The Year Book of the Amateur Menat;erie Club, which has not been issued since 1917, makes a very welcome reappear- ance, thoui^h it does not yet reach the bulk of pre-war times. It nevertheless forms a very artistic and well got up httle volume. Quite a feature of the issue are the charming marginal sketches of Mr. G. Tyrwhitt Drake, the Hon. Secretary of the Club. It contains practical and well illustrated articles as under : Some Notes on my .Stock — li. H. I-Haaiiic. Cranes — D. Scth Smith. Notes on the Effect of the British Climate on some Exotic Animals — T. H. Uillcspic. " Antony," my Chimpanzee — Jh'. J . Kerr Sutler. Wild Life in the Balkans—./. C. Laidlay. Mv Capuchins — Norali L. Walker. The Temi>er;iment of Lion I'ubs (/. Tyri^'liitt Hrake. It contains over twenty half-tone photo-reproductions of great interest, and forms a most attractive and interesting book of 108 pages. Editorial. 261 Editorial Rktrosfec'i- : This has been fairly given in the Sccri'tarx's Report, and l)nt httle further remains to be said. During- the year we have been compelled to temporarily increase the annual subscription to 20s., and we are pleased to note that the members as a whole liave accepted this as a n.ecessity. and that resi.^nations from this cause have been but three. Perhaps the most disappointing' feature of the year has been a lessening in the numljer of our contributors, probably this has been but a natural sequel to the " times " through which we have been passing, but we hope in the coming- year that this will be rectified, and every member realise their responsil)ility in this respect. E\en the increased subscription has not permitted the resumption of coloured plates as yet. and there appears little probability of this being possible in 1920. The volume completed with this issue has been well illustrated, and on behalf of the Club we present our best thanks to all who have assisted in this respect; particular mention must be made of Mrs. A. M. Cook, who has generously presented to the Club no less than six drawings for reproduction, two ol which api)ear in this issue. Birds are now l^eing" imported in increasing numbers, and next season should see renewed activity and many interesting- results in numerous aviaries. The volume of Bird Xotks com])leted with this issue will, we consider, conijjare favourably with its predecessors, and we congratulate the members thereupon. All that is needed to increase the pestige of F.B.C. and maintain the e.xcellence of its Journal is, for each member to realise that they mdividually must help to this end. ^ 262 General Index. 1 Mi'ouiixc, I'oRKicN l')iKi)s: There liave been several responses to I ,(n"4' .approval and promising;" acti\'e and hnancial snpp(jrt l(j any sclieme tliat is started t(j this end. I'lirtlier particulars will he j^iven as to ])lans, etc.. in (jtn" next issue. General Index. General Index. 263 * Items marked with an asterisk imlicate L'(jrre>])(jndence. ic paj^e nuin])erinjj of August was C)\ving tij a printer's error, tl clu))licated in Sei)teml)er issue. To of these two issues are indexed so : " i A. Accentor, 33 Jerdon's. 33 Alternative luiglisli \ames of I'irds iS, 182, I S3 Aug. Amalagamation, Ttie (Jue>ti()n of, 143, Amazon-Parrot, Raliama, 82 J'due-fronted, 81 ,, ,, Wliite-f routed, 82 Aust. Finches in Cahfornia, 8 Avadavats, 74 Aviaries, A Pal's, 189 Sept. Boyers House, 121 ,, Ewhurst Park, 45 Aviary, .\utunui in tlie, 184 Sept. Californian and its Inmates, 69 Lists of Ijirds, 73-4- io3"4' 122, 134, 215-6 Notes— U.S.A., 2 * Aviculture, Social side of, 96 I icn< I'.euf P.ird T.ird B. :a!esc, 138 :ali, 50 Collector's Wanderings, 63 Struggles, Small, 40, 68 and Rat Fight, 67 ;. An Interesting" Shijiment of S. .African, 248 An Important Consignment of. 198 Aug. and Mind Reading, 7 and Peace. 170, 190 Aug. Endurance of. 34, 56, 105, 134, ■55. 177 Sept., 215. 239 of a Surrey Small-Holding, 191 Aug. of Paradise, Greater, 18 of Paradise. Small, 237. surmount this difficulty, the contents 99 Aug.." and " 199 Sei)t.," and so on. I'irds 01 Prey. Too Many, 40, 68 Records of — Iired in Captivity, 17, 30. 60, 78, 107, 120, 129, ibb 182 .Aug., i.Vo Sept.. 215, 225 lUackhirds, 31. 104. lilackcap, 31. r.ower-hird. Satin, 18. .""^potted, 18 llreetling the ( lold-breasted Wa.xhiil 48 (iokllinch x Him. Siskin Hy- brid. 214. Notes — Zoo, 195, Aug. liudgerigars, 45, 132, 187 .\ug. niue-bred, 23ft. *l!udgcrigars and their Colour \'arie- eties. 1 18. I'.ulbul. Red-eared, 76. -vented, 60 -w^hiskered. 60 Syrian, 60. White-eared. 60. iulltinch, 46, 47. Hunting. Cirl. 12^. Indigo. 46. Rainbow, 75. Reed, 122. X'^aried. 76. Yellow, 223. I'.ush-chat. Pied, ^2- iuzzard. Jackal, 183, Sep. C. Canaries, 46. Cardinal. Brazilian. 74. Creen. 2 Pope. 47. Red-crested, 2. Cassiques, 6. Cassowary. One-wattled, 238. Chat-bird, 31. Chat. Pied Bush, 33. 264 General Index. Chat. Stone, zi Cockateel. 3, 5. 79, 187 Aug.. 219 Cockatoo, llare-eyed, 78 ,, (ircat-l)illcd, 65 ,, ., Sul])luir-crested, 78 Leadhealer's, 3, 78 Roseate, 78 Coly. Striated. 61 * Colour chang:es — Jackson's Whydii' . 245- Consignnienl, An Im]K)rtant, 198 :\v',z. Interestino-, of S. A I P.irds. -'48 Conurc. lUack-licaded, 80 P>lue-fronted. 1S8 Se])t. P.rown-eared. 80 T'rown-tliroatcd, So ,. Cactus, 80 Carolina, 80 Green. 80 Golden-crowned, 80 St. Thomas', i_'3 Yellow. 79 -headed. 79 White-eared. 81 Conures. 186 Aug. Correspondence. _'J. ()8. 96. 119. 219, 245 Comitry Garden. A, nj Crow, Carrion, 17 Hooded, 17 Piping, 5 Cnckoo, (iuir;i, 60 D. Day.il-P.ird, 33 Dark Plumages in Zelira I'inches. T33 Dove, .Mdahra Turtle. 169 Aust. Crested, 2. 181 Sept. ilarhary Turtle, 22. 169 P.ar-shouldered. 184 .\ug. P.leeding-lieart, 1S2 Sept. (I'.artlett's). 182 Sept. P.lue-hcadi'd (iround. 182 Sept. -winged, 122, iSi Sept. I'.rusli llroiize-winged, 122. i8r Sept, Do\e, Marlequin P.ronze-winged, 181 Sept. ,, Cape, 185 Aug. Turtle. 182 Aug. Deceptive Turtle, 182 Aug. ,, Diamond, 122, 184 Aug. 220, 235 Dwarf Ground, 185 Aug. ,, ,, Turtle, 183 Aug. Emerald, 185 Aug. European Turtle, 22, 169 Geofifrey's, 185 Aug. fJreen-spotted, 185 Aug. P.ronze-naped, 182 Sept. ,, ,. -necked, i()9 ,, ,, -wingeil. Aust.. 180 Sept. ,, ,, Christmas Is., 181 Sept. Indian, 180 Sept. Half-collared Turtle, 182 Aug. Hyljrid, 22, 122 Indian Ring, 183 Aug. Java, 182 Aug. Madagascar Turtle, 169 ,. Mauge's, J84 Aug. Martinican. 168 Mountain Witch, 182 Sept. Necklace, 122, 183 Aug. ,, Partridge P>ronze-wing t8i Se])t ,, Passerine, 1S5 .Xug. Pea, 169 Picui, 185 Aug. ,, Peaceful, 122, 184 Aug. Red Ground, 182 Sept. ,, Rufous, 181 Sept. Scaly, 184 Aug. Senegal Turtle, 47, 122, 183 Aug Spotted Turtle, 183 Aug. Talpacoti, 185 Aug. ,, Tambourine, 185 Aug. Venezuelan Ground, 1S2 Sept. White-bellied Plumed, 181 Sept. -fronted, 182 Sept. -winged. 169 Zebra, 184 .'\ug. Doves and Pigeons. 40 Duck, .\ndaman Teal. 255 Australian Teal, 256 General Index. 265 Duck, Australian Wild, 229 Raliama, 257 Ijaikal Teal, 256 Blue-winged Teal, 257 ,, Brazilian Teal, 256 ,, Carolina, 47 ., Cinnamon Teal, 257 Conunon Teal, 256 Crested Chilian, 254 ,, Dusky, 229 Falcated, 255 ,, Gad wall, 255 ,, Gargeney, 257 ,, Grey Teal, 256 Hybrids, 228, 229, 254, 255 Japanese Teal, 47 ,, ^landarin, 47, 206 Marbled, 258 ,, ]\Icllcr's, 229 Muscovy, 206 Pintail, 256 Pintail Chilian, 257 Pochard, 258 Red-crested, 258 Red-billed, 257 Rosy-l)illed, 258 S. Af. Black, 229 Shoveller, 258 Spot-billed, 254 .Summer, 206 Versicolor Teal, 257 ,, Wigeon, 255 Am., 255 ,, ,, Chiloe, 256 ,, Wild, 228 Yellow-billed, 254 Teal, 256 E. * Early Appearance of Wood Warbler, 96 Eclectus-Parrot, Ceram, 107 ,. ,, Grand, 107 Red-sided, 107 Editorial, 20, 96, 115, 130, 139, 146, ly. 195 Aug., 198 Aug. I'julurance of Birds, 34, 56, 105, 134. I.S5. 177 Sept., 215, 239 Errata, 96 F. Finch. .Australian, 8, 11 ,, Bar-breasted Fire, 36 Black Seed-, 123 ,, ,. -rumped, 23 ,, ,, -throated, 10 ,, Bicheno's, it, 23, 76 ,, Blood, II ,, ,, -stained, 22 Bull-, 46, 47 ,. Cherry. 11, 23, 2,7 Chestnut -breasted, 11, 23, 38 ., Crimson, II, 77 ,. Cuba, 75 Diamond, 11, 23 Double-barred, ri ,, Dufresne's, 2>^ Fire-tailed, 11 ,. Gold-, 46. 47, 59. 214 -fronted, 38 Gouldian, 8, 9, 23, 45 ,, Green-, 22, 46, 122, 219 -Singing, 47 Grey-Singing. 47, 59 Haw-, 122 Hybrids, T22, 214, 219 -Eark, 122 Eavender, 55 Long-tailed Grass. 9, 23 Masked Grass, 9. 23 Melba, 39 Owl, II Painted. 11, 23 ., Parrot, 23, 39 Parson, 10, 23 ,, Parva, 34 Pectoral, 11, 23, 56 Pileated, 56 Pin-tailed Parrot, 23, 57 Plumbeous, 36 Plum-headed 11 Red-headed, 23 Ribbon, 23 266 General Index. I'iiK'li, l\ul'()US'l,iik'il, 1 I , _'3 Scaly-crovvncd, 57 ,. Sliaft-lailed. 9 Sliar])-lailc(l, 105 ,. St:ir. 11 Striated, 105 'I'ri-coloured Parrot, 23 White-eared Grass, 23 Yellow-rurnped. 23, 106 Zol)ra, 2, 10. 23, 47, 50, 106, 133 I'riarM'.ird, Silvcrv-crnwiu-d, 13 ]''ruil-l'i!;eon, Nicoliar Imperial. i()f) G. Gad wall, 255 Game Birds, Scandinavian. 191 Sept. Goldfinch, 46, 47, 59 Goose, Bar-headed, 207 Bernacle, 208 Blue-winged Snow, 206 ,, Canada, 208 Cape Barren, 206 Chinese, 207 Chestnut-breasted, 226 Domestic. 207 Dwarf, 207 Egyptian. 226 Emperor. 208 (neater Snow, 206 llutchins', 208 Hybrids, 205, 206. 207, 208, 22: 226 Lesser Snow, 206 ,, Maned, 226 Pink-footed, 207 Ross', 207 Ruddy-headed, 225 Sandwich Is., 225 ,, Spur-wing. 205 Upland. 225 Grassfinches, 23 Grassfinch, Long-tailed, 23 Masked, 23 Rufous-tailed, 23 White-eared, 23 I irass-l'arrakeets, lOO ,, Beautiful, 129 rass-l'arrakcfls, l'ilnc-l).'nuk'(l. 130 ., .. ,, -winged. 101 ,. ,, Elegant. 101. 130 ,, ,, Rock, KM, 130 ,, -Splendid, loi ,, Swift. 131 Greenlinch. 22. 46. 219 Chinese, 122 il\brid. 122. 219 Grc\- Strntliidi'a. iS ' iround-'Hirusli, ( )range-lu-a(U'd. 32 White-tliroated. ^^2 H. Hangnest, 104 Hawfinch, Japanese, 122 Herons. The Richmond, 141 Hoatzins at Home, 14 lloneysucker. White-cheeked, 12 Hoopoe, 61 flornbill, I^cngal Pied, 250 Pileated, 238 Plicated, 249 Hybrids : Cardinal. Green x Red- crested, 3 • Duck, 228, 229 I'inch, i'loodstained x (ireen finch, 22 I'lnch, Goldfinch x llim. Siskin. 214 Finch. Green-singing x Goldfinch, 59 ,, Geese. 205, 206, 207, 208, 225. 226 Lyre Bird x Fowl, 60 Thru.sh x Blackbird, 127 Weaver, Masked W. x Greenfinch, 219 I. Illustrations, Our, 116 Increase of Subscriptions, 116, 117. 118 Indian Weaver Bird and Some Others, T)7 General Index. 26y J. Jacana, Pheasant-tailed, ii6 jackall Buzzard, 183 Sept. Jackass, Laughing, (11 jay, ]8 ,, lilue and I'.lack Yucatan, 0 ,, Guatemekui, 6 Joey — Our Blue-fronted Conure, i8'^ Sept. K. Kestrel, 183 Sept. L. Lark, Black, 18 Crested, 19 ,, Finch-, 122 ,. Sky-, 18 Laughing-Thrush, Black-Gorgeted. 34 Lorikeet, Black-throated, 62 ,, Forstein's, 62 ,, Johnstone's, 62 ,, More Notes and Swainson'- 230 ,, Ornamented, 63 ., Red-collared, 62 Scaly-breasted, 63 Swainson's, 4, 62, 173, 230 The Excellent Swainson's, Lorikeets, 163 Lory, Black, bi ,, Chattering, 62 Fair, 63 Stella's, 6t, Lovebird, Black-cheeked, no, 189 Aug, Madagascar, no. 189 Aug. ,, Peach-faced, no, 189 Aug., 235 Red-faced, no, 189 Aug. Lovebirds. 45, 1R8 Aug. Lyre-Bird. Oo M. Macaw. Blue and Red, 79 Blue and Yellow, 79 .Macaw. Bliger's, 79 Military, 79 Red and Blue, 79 Magi>ie, Tanager, 1 Magpie, F.astern Blue, 17 Red-billed Blue, 18 Spanish Blue, 17 -Mannikin, Black-headed, 137 ,, Bronze, 136 ,, Hybrids, 136 ., > Magpie, 133 , Rufous-backed, 136 ,, Three-coloured. 137 Two-coloured, 137 White-headed, 138 Mannikins, 134 * Migrants, Arrival of Spring, 1 1(). n7 Miner, Sombre, 13 Mocking-Bird, 31 Mynah, Greater Hill, 6 N. Nest Boxes for Bird Protection, 195 Sept. .Vesting Notes, 11^, 196 Aug. (1919). 220 .N'ighlingale. t^t,, 250 Xiglitjar, 61 Nonpareil, Java, 75 ,, Pin-tailed, 23 N'otes, Nesting, 115, 196 Aug. (1919), 220 on Keeping Parrakeets, 26, 50, 8.S, 97, 123, 160 on Lorikeets, 163, 173. 230 Zoo, 195 Aug. 0. * Obtaining our Sujtplies of For. Birds by Humane ^fethods. 24O ( )bituary. 43, 219 Goodchild, Herbert. 219 Kennedy, Capt. G.. 44 Palerson, Rev. J. ^^.. 43 Our I'^nure, 139, 205 Ouzel, .Argentine Brown, 32 268 General fiide.i'. ()ii/A'l, ('irc-v-\vini;c ,, Occipital Blue, 17, 18 Pigeon, Bare-eyed, 167 BoUe's, 168 Blue Rock, 168 ,, Canarian, 168 ,, Crowned Goura, 183 Sep., ,, Guinea, 167 Imperial Xicobar Fruit-, Nicobar, 182 Sept. ,, Passenger, 168 Picazuro, 167 ,, Porto Rico, 167 ,, Rufous, 168 ,, Snow, 167 Splendid, 167 Spot-winged, 167 Victoria Crowned. 239 ., White-crowned, 167 -throated. 168 Wonga-Wonga. 182 Sept Pin-tail Nonpareil, 23 Pipit, Rock, 20 Tree, 19 Plover. Norfolk i [n India), 164 Pochard, 258 Red-crested, 258 Rosy-billed, 258 Pro.spect, The, 20 39 166 iOuail, Harlequin, 242 ,, Jungle Bush, 122, 242 Luzon, yj Mexican, 122 ,, Montezuma, 92 ,, Mountain Partridge, 89 Painted, 91 Rain, 242 .^an Pedro .Mcninlain, 90 ,, Scaled, 91 \'irginian Bob-White, 89, 105 Quails, 239 Question of .Amalgamation, 143, 172 R. Ou Q. .'\rgoondah, 242 Calif ornian, 47, 90, 122. 235 Chestnut-bellied Scaled, 91 Chinese Painted, 122, 241 Common, 243 Gambel, 91 Rail, X'irginian, 77 Raven. 17 Record of Birds Bred in Captivitv, 17, 30, 60, 78, 107. 120, J29, 166, 182 Aug., 180 Sept., 205, 225 Redstart, Black, ^^ Reedling, Bearded. 221 Regent Bird. 18 Reminiscences, 152, 178 Aug., 173 Sept 199. 221, 250 Reviews. 14. 92, 119. 171. 197 Aug., 244 Birds of Gambia — Hopkin- son, 244 Journal of B.S.A.. 197 Aug. ., Jungle Peace — Beebe, 14 ,, Pract. Handbook Brit. Birds, 119. 171, 244 Retrosjiect, 2(11 Robin, .American, _i,2 ,, Blue, 34 ,, Pekin, 34, 74 Rock-Thrush. 33 Roller. 61 S. * Season 1919. The, 219 Seed-Finch, Black. 123 Shama, i2i , 341 Shelduck, 226 Aust., 227 Grey-headed. 227 ,, Hybrids. 226, 22'" ,, N. Zealand, 227 2/0 General Index. Shclduck. RutUly, 227 Shoveller Duck, 258 Shrike, Red-hacked, 30 Silverhill, African, _'3 Indian, ^3 Silver-eared Mesia, 34 Silverv-crowned Friar-l'.ird, 13 Sin.!^-in,t;-l''inch, dreen, 47 ^y- 73' ^77 Sept., 210 Agapornis cana, no, 189 Aug. ,, nigrigenis. no, 189 Aug. pullaria, no, 189 Aug. roseicoUis, no, 189 Aug. Aidenwsyne cantans, 2;^ ,, Jiialabarica, 23, y^ ,, modesta, 11, 23, 37, 73 Alauda arveusis, 18, 104, 193 Aug. alba. Mot. 19, 103 albif rolls, Ans. 207 albigtilaris. Col. 168 Pal. 255 albirostris. Ant. 250 albwentris, Mcr. 32 albonotata. Col. 213 aldabrana, Horn. 169 alcxandrae, Spa.. 109, 161 alexandrina. Pal. 118, 125 Alopoehen aegyptiacus, 226 aluco. Sye 184 Sept. jmabilis, Zen. 169 linadina erytlirocepliala. 2;^. 73 fas data, 2}^ iiuandava, Spo. 73, 103 iviatlmsia, Pla. 53 Aniauresthcs fringilloides, 134 .A)uasona aestiva, 81 ,, bahaniensis, 82 ,, leucocephala, 82 iiiicrieana, Mar. 255 \inpelis garnilus, 31 l«Oi- boscas, 228 ,, cristata, 254 ,, melleri, 229 ,, obseura, 229 ,, pocciiorliynchus, 195 Aug. ,, sparsa, 229 ,, siipereiliosa, 229 ,, undulata, 254 jngolensis, Est. 73, 156 mgustirostris. Mar. 258 innulosa, Sti. 2;^ Anser albifrons, 207 brachyrhynchus. 207 crythrops, 207 Anthracocerus albirostris, 250 Anthiis blakistoni, loi ,, obseura, 20 ,, triz'ialis, 19, 102 /4n//i3)o ferina, 258 apoda. Par. 18 Aprosmietus eyanopygius, 109, 16. .4ra araraiina^ 79 ,, maeao. 79 maraeana, 79 ,, miiitaris, 79 ararauna, Ara. 79 arcuaius. Pas. 216 argentauris, Mes. 34 argoondah. Per. 240 -74 Index to Coicra and Species. armitiana, Poe. 8 Artamus superciliaris, 31 arvensis, Ala. 18, 104, 193 Aug. asiatica, Per. 122, 241 Asiragalinus p. psaltria, 74 astrilda, Est. 73, 156 ater, Cha. 61 Athene noctua, 184 Sept. atrata, Che. 205 ,, Chr. 74 atricapilla, Mun. 73, 134 Syl. 31 auriceps, Cya. 131 auriculata, Zen. 169 auretis. Con. 80 aurita, Zen. 168 autiiinnaUs, Den. 226 axillaris, Col. 213 asiireus, Cya. 20 B. bahamcnsis, Ania. 82 Pof. 257 barnardi. Bar. 54, 129 Barnardii, 26 Barnardiiis barnardi, 54, 129 ,, semitorqnatus, 54, 129 ,, sonarius, 129 barrabandi, Pol. 109. 160 Bathilda ruficauda, 11. 23, 74 taja, P/o. 197, 210 beema, Mot. 103 belltis, Zon. j i bengalensis, Plo. 197 biarniicus. Pan. 34, 221 bichenovi, Sti. 11, 23, 73 bicolor, Spe. 134 blakistoni. Ant. loi boarula. Mot. 19 Bolborhynchus linefllatits. 81 60//W, Co/. 168 borealis, Mot. 103 boscas. Ana. 228 boulboul, Mer. 32 bourkei, Nco. 99, 130 brachyptera, Hyp. 210 brachyrhynchus, Ans. 207 Branta canadensis, 208 ,, hntchinsi, 208 ,, leucopsis, 208 brasiliense. Net. 256 orotogerys jugularis, 81 ,, tirica, 81 browni, Pla. 53 Z^H^o fti«6o, 183 Sept. ,, niaculosus, 183 Sept. buccinator, Cyg. 205 buckleyi, Cha. 195 Aug. bufjoni, Tur. 61 But CO jachil, 183 Sept. C. Cacatua galerita, 78 gymnopsis, 78 ] ,, Icadbeateri, 78 ,, roseicapilla, 78 iCofcatw chiikar, 122 actornm. Con. To t-ofr»/f.sTr«.?, C/iP. 206 ■f-''^- 55 Co/r/na moschata, 206 ca'.i/oruica. Lop. 47. 90, 122, 240 Callipcpla s. castanogastris, 91 sqitamata, 91 Caloeitas nicobarica, 182 Sept. Calopsittacus noz'ae-hollandiae , 7, 9. 187 Aug. rofeo, Fm. 195 Aug. fawa, ^4^0. no, 189 Aug. Tarf. 227 canadensis. Bra. 208 canagica. Phi. 208 canarius, Ser. 73 cannabina, Lin. 74 canora, Pho. 73 canoruni, Tro. 104 "antans, .\id. 23 •rapensis, Oen. 185 Aug., 196 Aug. capicola, Str. 182 Aug. caprata. Pro. 33, 102 Caprimulgus europaeus, 61 Cardinalis cardinalis, 103 Carduclis carduelis, 47, 74 Index to Genera and Species. 275 raroliuciisis, Con. So Gal. 31 Car/^o/'Iiaga insiilan.s-. 166 Ca.s-arca cana, 227 ai.^arca, 227 ,, "I'dricgata. 227 ,, tadorna, 227 Cas.^idi.v ictoonotiis. b ca.\-niucitliorii.\-. Mini. 11, 2^. 3S, 13.1 castaneuni. Net. 195 Aug., 256^ castanogastra. Cal. 91 ca.s-faiiotis. Tac. 10. 23. 47, 73, 106, 196 Aug. Ccrr^mcis tinmtncuUis, 183 Sept. Cercopsis uuvac-hoUandicic, 205 Clialcnpclia afra. 185 Aug. clia!cospilii.<;. 185 Aug. Chalcohlmp.s- cliry.uiclilora. 180 Sept. indica, 180 Sept. naiaiis, 180 Sept. Chalcop.s'it/acus ater 61 chalcoptcra. Pha. 122, t8i Sept. clialcospilii.f. Clia. 185 Aug. CJiatnacpclia biicklcyi. i<)5 .\ug. iiiiiiiifa, 185 Aug. passerUia, 185 Aug. ,, talpacoti, T85 Aug. CIniniiosyiia sfcUac, 63 Clianr:osyiiopsi.s- piilclirlla, 63 Chanlelasiiius streperus. 255 ('/((•;; cticnilescens, 206 UypcrborcH.';, 206 nk'nli.<;. 206 ClicnoncHa jiibafa, 226 CIiciiop.<;is at rata, 205 chhicnsis. Ilxc. 240 cliinirgiia. Hyr. ti6 CJihuuydodcra macnlata, t8 clilaris, Lig. 74 chli)rn-lcpidotns, Psi. 63 cJthiraucIicnia, J.cp. 182 Sept. Chocra procne, 47 clirv.s-ocepliala, Ser. 18 chry.<;ochlora. Cha. 180 Sept. Clirysoiiiitri.<; atrata. 74 .•i pin aides. 122, 123. 214 .f/'/»!f.f 47, 74 Clir\'.i-oiiiitri.i tibetana. 214 clirysopterygius, Psa. 130 chrysostomus, Neo. lOi chnkar, Cac. 122 cincta, Poe. 10, 23 cinerea. Est. jt^ 156 cinnamomeus. Pas. 215 Cinnamoptcryx rubighwsa, 210 f;r/j, Cya. 73 cirliis, Einb. 123 Cissoloplia yucatanica, 34 Cissopsis le^'criaua, i citreola, Mot. 103 citreoloides, Mot. 103 citrina, Geo. 32 '.'ittici)icla inacrura, ^t, Cloephaga iiiagellanica, 225 ,, poHocephahis, 226 ,, rubidiceps, 225 ciypcata, Net. 258 coclebs. Fri. 74 colcliinis, Pha. 191 Sept., 194 Sept. Coliopasser axillaris, 213 CoUostnithus albonotata, 213 Cnlitius citbanensis, 89 pectoralis, 122 virginianus, 89 Colitis striatus, 61 rolliirio, Enn. 30 Columba albigularis, 168 /nj//f/, 168 giiiucae, 167 gyiuiiopltflialnia, 167 Jarvivora. 168 leucocephala, 167 leitconota, 167 //7'/a, 168 ,, mactilosa, 167 ,, picaraso, 167 ,, rtifiva, 168 ,, speciosa, 167 squamosa, 167 cohtinbiana, Cyg. 205 iColuinbula picui, 185 Aug. !(7ow!YrM.y aeruginosus, 80 aureus, 80 cactorum, 80 76 Index to Ccncra and Species. CoiiiuKs jciicloya. 79 lciir(>f>tliali)nis. So ,. iicDihiy. 80 (}Ciil(iris. So pcrtiiia.v. IJ3 siilstitialis, 79 Coiniro/^sis caroliiiCHsis. So coi)ki. Cya. 17 Copsyclins saiilaris, 33 Coriicitis i^arntliis, 61 (•oni.r, Cor. 17 ii)nii.i'. C or. 17 cornnta. Num. 214 coniiitiis. Nyiii. 131 coroiiiniidclica. Cot. 240 coronata. Gov. 1S3 Sept. coroiic, C or. 17 C"o;'T'H.f fora.v, I" for»/.r, 17 corone, 17 Cor\f>Iiospingus pileatns. 56 Coscoroba coscoroba. 20(1 Cotuniix coromandelica. 240 ,, cotiirnix, 241 delci^orgiiii. 240 crcica. Xct. 256 criiiii^^cr. Phi. 1S2 Sept. cri.s-tala .1 ;u;. 254 cri.Uafii. Lliih. 196 .Vug. G'l//. T9 cri.ftalclliis, Acr. 103 cubaiien.';i.cndrocygiia autiiiiiuali.'i. 226 //(/?'(?, 226 7'iduata. 226 Uffit.su.s. Pa.w 215 'iscol'ir. .Will. 131 ''.fcor.f, (_)»('. 257 'ocili.s-. Pal. ToS, 1 iS, 125 foiiicstica. Mini. 73, 134 'oiiicsticii.w Pa.<. 192 Aug-., 215 'oiiiiiiica. Piia. 196 .Aug. 'h-cpaiioplcctc.s- jackwoni, 213 hi/rc.Kiii. Lag. 3S 'u.wKiniiicri. Tur. 241 E. "^.cIcctii.K /^cctorali.s-. 107 r or at us, 107 '■.ctopi.\-ti\<; iii'igratorius. 168 •Irgait.w Car. 47. 74 .Wf). 101, T30 /'/;,7. 122. iS2Scpt. /"/('. 52, no. 195 Aug. F.iiibrrica rirJus, 123 schocuicJus, TGI, 122 Eniblciiia picta, it, 23 Index to Gcitcra and S/'ccics. ^77 ciucrki, Oct. 6b cnuncntissinta, Xcs. 210 liiincocloinis coUnrio. 30 Eophoua iiiclannra, \22 C[n)ps, Upu. 61 crilhacus, Psi. 82 lirilhacus nibcciihi, 74 cryllirohyiicha, I'oc. 257 cry/liroliyiicliiis. Kaiii. 258 erytlirolopiis. Tnr. 61 crytliroccphala. Anui. _'^, 73 crythropcpliis, I'la. no erythrops. Que. 210 cry/ltropierus, Pts. 109, 162 iiylliropiis, Ans. 207 Erylhnira f^ra.uiia. 23, ^■}'. 73 p.s-it/acca. 2^. 39 irichroa, 23 EstCHS reciin'irostris. 165 Estrihia aiii^oleiisi.';. 73, 156 a.'itrilda. j^. 156 cacnilcsccit.s. y^ cliicrca, 73, 156 linlabia hniica. 207 E,u)icttii falrata. 255 ciipatria. Pal. to8 ruropaca. Pyr. 47, 74 caropaciis. Cap. 61 F^xaiitlicniops ros.Ki, 207 Excal fact aria chinensis, 240 cxim'ms, Pla. 50, 11 1, 122 F. falcafa. Eitn. 255 fasciafa. Aina. 23 Ai/. 108, 126 fcldc^jii. Mot. 103 fcriiia. .inf. 258 fanvuea, Str. 205 Havimiccps, Pyr. 210 /fa7'(7, jl/o/. ig flai'cola. .S'v<". 73 fla-c'i-olii.';. Pla. 53, iir fiaT'icoUis. Gym. 2t6 fiar'ipr\'iiiua. Mini. 23, 73, 106, 134 ftavirostrc. Net. 256 Ha'rk'cutris. I'la. 53, 1 10 i(n-iii<>.\iini. AC/. 47, 256 tor.'itfiii, Tri. ti2 Eoiidia niaclaga.Kcaricn.Kis. 73, 210 franci.KcaHa. Pyr. 73, 210 EraiiCdliini.i graiiti. 195 Eriiii^illa coclcbs, 74 niuiiiifringilla, 74 l-riiii^illiJac, 195 Aug. Iriii^^illuides. .\nia. 134 Inh'a. Pen. 226 fuscatra. Scut. 7^2 fuscits. Mol. bo G. .iaIcDscoptcs carnHncii.si.w 31 •^alcriciilata. .Ic.r. 47. 2()() ■Jalcrita cristata. 19 ■^alcrita. C ac. 78 \^aiiibcli. J, op. i)[ i^aDibeii.'^i.';. I'lc. 205 Garrula.v pcctorali.K. 34 Cjarntlii.\- i^laiidariii.'i, 18 rnptcrgiis. 18 ■^arrnlii.K. .Imp. 31 Tfir. 61 /.or. 62 Gcociclila citrina. t,2 cyanonota. ;i^2 ■Jcoffroyi. Per. 185 Aug. 'jcopd'ta cuueala. 74, 122. 184 Au^ 196 Aug. Innncrali.'i. 184 Aug. maiigaei. 184 Aug. .■{triata. 184 Aug., 195 Aug. traiiqitilla. 122. 184 Aug. Geoplnip.i .\-rriMa. ]8i Sc"])t. Geofrvgon molilalia. 182 Sei)t. 7'ciicciirU'ii.\-ls. 182 Sept. T'cr.'iicoUir. 182 Sept. j^ibbcrif roils. Xct. 256 <^lai!darlii.<;. Gar. t8 Glaiicidliiin jardiiii. 184 Sept. '^ouldiac. Poc. 8, 23. 73 Goura conniata, 183 Sept. granti. Era. 195 Aug. 278 Index tu (iciicra and Sf^ccics. iiubcnuiinx cristala, up Aug. t^Huiiiciisis. I'si. 188 Aug'. guincac. Col. 167 Cuira gitira, (vj guttata, Stc. n, J3, 73 gy>nnol>sis, Cac. 78 g\mnophthalma, Col. ibj Cymiiorliis jiavicollis, 216 H. Iiaciiiotogostcr, Mor. 97 haoihitoiiolns, I'sc. 85, 130 hacinatorrhous, Psc. 129 Halcyon smyrnensis, 102 Henicognathus leplorliyiichits, 81 histrioiiica, His. 181 Sept. Hhtriophaps histrioiiica, 181 Sept. Homopelia aldabrana, \bg ,, picturata, ibg Honbara macquceni, 166 hortensis, Syl. 31 hiimeralis, Geo. 184 Aug. humilis, Ono. 183 Aug. hutchinsi. Bra. 208 Hydrophonanies citirurgua, Ji6 Hylocichla musicus, 33 Iiypcrborcus, Che. 206 Hvplniiitornis brachyptcra, 210 ,, cucullatus, 210 ,, mclanocephala, 210 hypocanthus, Plo. 197 I. jctcroiiotns, Cos. 6 icterotis, Pla. 54, iii, 122 »V/rru5. ^?r. 47, 73 Icterus jamaicU, 104 indica, Cha. 180 Sept. ,, £m/. 207 indicus, Phy. 102 insularis. Car. 166 J. jacarini. Vol. 73 jackal. But. 183 Sept. jacksoni, Dre. 213 jainaiccnsis, Lcp. 182 Sept. jamaicii, Id. 104 jardini. Cla. 184 Sept. jcndaya. Con. 79 jerdoni. Tha. 2)1 jocosa. Oct. 74 johnstoniac, Tri. 62 jubala, Che. 226 iugularis, Bra. 81 L. Lagunosticla caerulescens, 55 dufrcsni, 36 ,, rufopicta, 36 Lampronessa sponsa. [95 .'\ug., 206 'an'ata. Par. 47, 73 ari'ivora. Col. 168 azHlina, Cya. 73 'eadbeatcri, Cac. 78 'eclancheri, Cya. y^, cpida, Pho. 73 ,. Pri. 102 Lcptopila chioranchcnia. 182 Sept. jamaicensis, 182 Sept. 7-eichenbacbi, 181 Sept. 'cptorhynchus, Hen. 81 Icucocephala, Ama. 'f'>2 ,, Col. 167 leucogastcr. Lop. 74, 181 Sept. leuconota. Col. 167 leucopsis. Bra. 208 Icucoptera, Mel. 169 CHCophtJiahmts, Con. 80 Leucosarcia picata, 182 Sept. 'eiicoiis. Oto. 60 Poc. 23 fv;-. 81. 122 'efcriana. Cis. i Lignrinus chloris, 74 sinica, 122 incolatus, Bol. 81 [.'iwta cannabina, 74 'Jothrix lufeus, 34, 73 '/f;a-, Co/. 168 long! Cauda. Pal. 126 Lophophaps leucogastcr. 74, 181 Sept. Index to Genera and Sfeeies. 279 Lopliortyx calijoniica, 47, 90, 122, ,, gaiiibcli, 91 lopliotes, Ocy. 195 Aug., 181 Sept Lorius garrulus, 62 liigiibris, Mot. 19 liisc'uiia, Aed. T)2> J.itsciiiia sitccica, 102 hitCHs, Lio. 34. 73 Fc/jj-. 215 hicoiiica. I'lil. 182 Sept. M. macao, Ara. 79 uiacqueeni, Hon. 166 imicri)rliy)tclnis. Tan. 149, 164 ,, r^r. 61 )iiacntra. Lit. 2,^ ,, Ff)(. 213 iiiacitlata, CM. 18 iiiaculirostris. Scl. 60 viacidosa, Col. 167 viaciilosus. Bub. 183 Sept. iiiadagascariensis, Fou. y^' 210 niagcllanica, Chi. 225 niagnirostris, Pal. 108 iiiahali, Plo. 210 ;na/(7, .1/hk. 73, 134 iiuijor, Par. 20 malabarica. .iid. 23, 73 Pflf. 126 Po/. 104 iiiahicra, Man. 134 vuillicrbi. Cya. 131 Maliinis sHpcrbits, 31 iiwnyar, Plo. 197, 210 maracaiia, Ara. 79 Marcca amcricana, 255 ,, pcnclope, 255 sibilatrix, 256 Mar)noro)iefia angustirostris, 258 maugaei. Geo. 184 Aug;. mcgarhynchus. Aed. 33 mclanocephala, Hyp. 210 Melanocorypha yeltomensis, 18 vielaiiocoryphus, Cyg. 205 niclanura, Eop. 122 Fo/. 161 iiiclba, Pyt. 39 240 Mclioniis sericea, 12 Mclipliagidac, 12 iiicllcri, Ana. 229 Mflopelia leucoptcm, 1O9 melpodus, Spo. 73, 156 Melopsittacus iindiilalus. 132, 187 Aug. Melopyrrha nigra, 73. 123 J/(')M(ra sitperba, 60 Mcrops viridis, 102 Mcntla albiz'entris, 32 ,, boulboul, 32 ,, inenila, 31, 104 unicolor, }>- Mcsia argcntanris, 34 Mctapiana preposaca, 256 Mctaponia pusilla, 38 migratorius, Ect. 168 Tio-. 32 iniiitaris, Ara. 79 Mi)uiis polyglottus, 31 ininiita, Clia. 185 Aug niirabili.s-, Poc. 8 niode.sta. .Aid. 11, 23, 37, 73 nwdiilari.f. Tlia. 2,3 inollissii)ia, Sovi. 195 Aug. Molpa.itc; fitsats. 60 ntoiiachus. Myo. 81, 186 Aug. nioilcctinm. Cyr. 92 montana. Ceo. 182 Sept. iiionlamis. Pas. 215 Moiiticdia sa.vatilis. 33 tnontifringilla, Fri. 74 nioschata. Cai. 206 MotaciUa alba, 19, 103 ,, beema, 103 ,, boaritia, 19 ,, borealis, 103 ,, citreola, 103 ,, citreoloides, 103 fcldeggi, 103 y?(7T'a. 19 ,, hignbris, 19 miicllcri. Tan. 164 multicolor, Pse. 86, 130 Munia atricapilla, 73, 134 castaneithorax. 11. 23, 38, 134 ,, domesttca, "ji, 134 280 Index to (iciiciii and Species. Mitiiia fioi'iprymiHi. 23, 73, 106. 131 iiiaja, 73, 134 ,, malacca, 134 orysivora, 134, JiO pcchinilis. 11. 23. 56, 73, 134 pnnctiihita. 134 Miiscicapii par-i'a. 102 WKJJruj, //>'/. 33 '/';(;•.. 104. Musophaga rossac. 195 Aug. MYiipsiUacus iiKiiuicliiis. Si, li^d .ii(^ N. ;;<;;/(/, >S" />('., 134. Nanodcs discolor. 131. luilalis. CIni., iSi .S'c/'. «aHrfo3', Con. 80 Ncochmia pliactoii. 11, 74. Neonanodes chrysostomus. 'Oi ,, elcgans, loi petropliilus, loi X cophciiia boiirkci. 130 cIcgaiKs, 130 ,, pctropliila, 130 ,, piilchclla. 131 ., splcndidiis. 131 7'ciiiista. 130 XcDpxcplioliis hoiirkci. gc) iicpiilciisis. I\il. loS, iS() Sept. Nesacautli'is ciiiiiiciifissiina. 210 Xcsoclicn saiid''icici!sis. 225 Xctta nifina, 258 Xctliiiiii brusiiiciisc. 256 ciishiiiciiiii. 1Q3 Aug.. 256 crccca. 256 flavh-ostrc. 256 ,, fonnnsuiii. 47. 256 gil>i>i-rifro)is. 256 )iicolniyic(i. L'al.. 1S2 Sept. tiigra. Mel. 73. 123 iiigriccps. .Spc. 134 iiigrigcjiis. -Igo. 110. 189 Aug. iiigrigiilaris. Tri. 62 nigriventris, Pyr. 210 >ii''alis, Che. 206 v'lvcus. Cha. S^ vocliia. Atli. 184 Scj")t. Xortliiclla liaematogaster, 97 'nmie-holiaiidiae. Col. 79, 187 Aug. ,, Cc/-. 206 7>/. 62, 173 -cealaiidiae. Cya. 99. Xiiiiilda connitu. 214. Xyctca iiycled. 184 Sept. Xyinplu'ii.s connilii.s. 131 urdCiiisi.'i. [)[). 131 0. obsitini. .\na. 229 .1/?/. 20 'iccipifali.'i. I' I'D. \j Ocypluip.'i loplioles. 195 .Aug.. 181 Scpl OcdicnciiiiLs- .Kcoliipiix, 165 Oouj rapeiisis. 185 .\ug., 196 Aug. ')/()r. Cvi'. 205 (hiopelia IniiiiiHs. 183 .'\ug. 'h-cortyx p. coiifiHi.s. 90 /'.'1-/H.V, 89 (hiolii.s- oriolii.^. 93 >;'/.i-, f'\'r. 2 JO >riiati(.\\ Tri. 63 0;7\'.r ','irginiaiius. 104 ')ryzii'oro. Mini. 134. 216 Of)iC(>iiip.\-a eineria, 60 joco.KO. 74 ,, Iciicotis. 60 P. "alac(>riii.;'(■(//. C(W. J85 Aug. pi ca/a. /.oil. 195 Aug. pilcalu.w Cor. 56 I'latycerci. 2b I latyccrcits adclaidac. 52, iio amalliii.da. >,;^ ,, broxinii. 53 elegan.s, 52, j 10 crylhroccphalus. 1 10 cxiiiiiiis. 50, ill, 122 fla'i'Colits, 53, J I [ fa-Xiveittris. 53. 1 10 ictcroti.. psaltria. .I.f/. 74 J'.\'Cf'li()tii.\- cliry.\-(i/^tcr\'<^iii.s\ T30 cunillafn.s-, i^d IniciiKi/oiiotii.f, S5, 130 iKicniiilorrlnui.s, 129 inull'icolor, Sd, 130 piilrlicrriiiin.'i. Sb, T29 p.'ii/taccci, Iiry. 27,. 39 r.'.-if/aciihi _t;H/a»c//.v/.s-, 181 Aug. pn.wuviiia. Si, 188 Aug. P.Kit/acii.i critliaciis, 82 Psitfciitclc.'; clilorolcpidoliis, 63 Ptcnirliiiiiis din'idl, 195 Aug. I'tiloiiorliyncliii.s- 7'iolacca, 18 P/i.stcs crytli) opfcni.s-. 109, i^j piilcheUa. CIni. ^13 A'<'o. 13 r piilclien-iimts. Psc. 86, 129 piillaria. Aga. 80, 189 Aug. pitiictulatii. Mini. T34 pii.vlla. Met. 7,f< Pyoionotii.K .sincusi.w T03 .vniitlinpyrrin.t, 60 f'yrniiirlaiia ajra. 73, 177 Sept., 210 ,. flaiiniiiceps, 210 ,, frail ciscava. 73. 210 ., ni^rhTiitri.w 210 on.r, jio ?(//((;. 210 Py nil Ilia curi)/^acii. 47. 74 Pyniiiihtiidj Iciicolis. 122 Pyniiiini Iciicoti.K. 81 Pytdiii Did ha. 39 Q. Qitclrii t->ytliri)p.{. 210 •».?. a', 210 Qucrqiicdiihi cyannptcni, 2^,^ Qiicrqiicdiila discurs, 257 ,, querquedula, 257 ,, versicolor, 257 R. Railiis T'irginiaiiiis, 74 rccurvirostris, Esa. 165 rcichenbachu Lcp. 181 Sept. '\hainpliastus crytlirohynclius, 258 ■ i.uiria. Str. 169 ri.u/riii.';. Tiir. 22, 169 ro.fu, 7'a/. 108, 126 roseicapilla, Cac. 79 roscicolli.s-, Aga. no, 189 Aug. rossac, Miis. 195 Aug. /■o.v.f/, £.ra. 207 rube cilia. Err. 74 rubicola, Pro. 33 nibidiceps, Clil. 225 nibiginosa, Ciii. 210 ruhritorqiie.K. Tri, 62 nifcsceiis. Acii. 74 nificaiida. Pat. 1 1, 23, 74 rufiua, Col. 168 ,, A't'/. 258 riifiiergum. Gar. 18 rufopicta. Eag. 36 n(.f.f/, 0;/(\ 2 TO Ryidocero.s- pJicatn.i, 249 S. ■s'ajid^'icien.iiis. Ncs. 225 sail i oris. Cop. ^^ saxafiiis, Mou. 2ii Scardafella squamosa, 184 Aug. scliociiicliis, Emb. :oi, 122 coiopa.v, Ocd. 165 .?rrt/>.r jcn/'.f, 184 Sept. scripta. Geo. tSi Sept. Scienidcra macuiirostris, 60 Scwimenda fnscafa. 32 scmitorquata. Sir. 182 Aug. semitorquatits. Bar. ^^4, 129 <:enegaiensis. Sti. 183 Aug. 7^'"-. 47. T22, 195 Aug. scrciia. J 'id. 245 Index to Genera and Species. 283 sericea, Mel. 12 Sericulus chrysocephalus, iS Serinus canar'nis, j2, icterus, 73 Sialia sialis, 34 sibilatrix. Mar. 256 sieboldi. Sit. 73 sinensis, Pyc. 103 Sit.iparus sieboldi, 73 sinyrncnsis, Hal. 102 Somateria moilissiina, 195 Aug. sols'.ilialis. Con. 79 sparsa. Ana. 229 Spathopterus alexandrae, 1C9, 161 Spatula clypcala. 258 spcciosa, Col. 167 Speutyfo citnicularia, 184 Sept. * Sperjuesles hicolor, 134 cncullatiis, 134 «c"(i, 134 uigriceps, 134 Spcniio'^liila parz'a. 34 pUunbea, 36 Spilope'iia suratensis, 183 .^»^• li'^rina, 183 Aug. spinicaiida, Daf. 257 spinoides, Chr. 122, 123, 214 spinus Chr. 47, 74 Spintts spinus, 47 sPlendidus, Neo. 131 sponsa. A ex. 47, 206 La;?;. 195 Aug., 206 Sporacginthus amandava, J2)< 103. melpodus, j^, 156 subflavus, 47, 73, 156 Sporopipes sqiiamifrons 58. spurius, Por. 98 squamata, Cal. 91 -castanogastris, Cal. 91 squaniifrons, Spo. 58 squamosa. Col. 167 ,, 5'fa. 184 Aug. Starnoenas cyanocephala, 182 Sept. Steganopleura guttata, 11, 23, 73 Steganura paradisea, 74, 213 stellae, CIta. 63 |.y/f;;^orf;M-, .-If/-. 97 lS"//f/o/>/t'ru anmilosa, 22, \ ,, bichenovi, 11. 23, 73 'Stiginatopelia senegalensis, 183 Aug. ■streperus, Cha. 255 \Streptopelia capicola, 182 Aug. ,, decipievs, 182 Aug. ,, douraca, 183 Aug. ,, risoria, 169 semitorquatus, 182 Aug. vinacea, 183 Aug. striata, Geo. 184 Aug., 195 Aug. ^Vo. 105, 134 stiiatus, Col. 61 .S/r/jr flaimiica, 205 subflavus, Spo. 47, 73. 156 suecica, Lus. 102 sunde7'alli, Pyr. 157 superta. Men. 60 supcrbus, Mai. 31 super ciliaris, .Art. 31 superciliosa, .Ana. 229 Sutoria sutoria, 31 5vra/'.f fiaveola, 73 Syh'ia atricapilla, 31 hortensis, 31 SyrniuDi ahico. 184 Sept. Tadorna tadorna, 226 tadornoides, Cas. 227 Taeniopygia castanotis, 10, 47, 73, 106, 196 Aug. fa/(a, Pyr. 210 talpacoti, Cha. 185 Aug. tanki, Tur. 241 Tanvgnathus macrorhynchus, 149, 164 muelleri, 164 temporalis, .Aeg. ir, 73, 156 Tharrhaleus jerdoni, 33 modularis, 33 'ibetana, Chr. 214 tigrina, Spi. 183 Aug. tigrinus, Tuf. 122 'innunculus, Cer. 183 Sept. //Wea, /?rc». 81 284 Index fo Genera and Species. tilys. I 'ho. ^i lorqiiata. Pal. io8, 124 torqiiatus. Pha. 194 Sept. Tur. 32 tranquilla, Geo. 122, 184 Aug. Trichoglossus forsteni, 62 ,, johnstoniae, 62 ,, nigrigularis, 62 ,, novae-hoUandiae , (, 163, 173 ,, ornatus, 63 ,, rubritorques, 62 trichroa, Ery. 23 tr'w'ialis. Ant. 19, 102 Trochaloptcrum canonmi, 104 Turacus buffoni, 61 eryfhrolophus, 61 inacrorhynchus, 61 Titrdits migratorius, 2,2 ,, miisicus, 104 ,, torqiiatus, 32 ,, viscivorus, 32 Tur nix dussiimieri, 241 ,, tank'i, 241 ,, zvhitelieadi, 74 Turfur risorius, 22, 169 ,, senegalensis, 47, 122, 19=; Auj- ,, tigrinus, 122 ,, turtur, 22, 169, 192 Aug-. Tympanistria tympanisiria. 185 Aug-. j/7'at'f«j-/j, Ny)n. 99, 131 V. 7'ariegata, Cos. 227 venesiielensis, Geo. 182 Sept. i'cnusta, Neo. 130 versicolor, Cya. y2> ,. Geo. 182 Sept. Qj(e. 257 Vidua principalis, yj^, 213, 245 I ,, screna, 245 riduata. Den. 226 znimcca, Str. 183 Aug-. Vinago cak'a, 195 Aug. violaceus, Pti. 18 ■i'ircns, Zos. 30 z'/r^jf^Hj, Pje. 195 Aug. virginianus, Col. 89 0;-/. 104 /?o/. 74 viscivorus, Tur. 32 viridis, Mer. 102 Volatinia jacarini, y2> W. whitchcadi. Tur. 74 X. raiithopygius, Pyc. 60 Y. yetoniensis, Mel. 18 U. nndidata. Ana. 254 tmdulatus, Mel. 132, 187 Aug. unicolor, Mer. 2,2 Upupa epops, 61 Urocissa occipitalis, 17 Urolonclia acuticauda, 105, 134 ,, striata, T05, 134 Zcuaida amabilis, 169 auriculata, 169 ,, aurita, 168 ineridionalis, 169 Zonae ginthus bellus, 11 sonarius, Pla. 129 Zonotrichia pileata, 195 Aug. Zosterops palpebrosa, 30 ,, virens, 30 :Y T. PAGI-:, Hon. Editor. <^M^> AN APOLOGY. Sir.— I have removed to address given below, and as I have heard of several letters that have been lost, and have received 3 this a.m. that were written last November, I wish to apologise to any who have not received answers from me. The Bungalow. JOHN W. MARSDEN. Banks, Lane, Heysham Harbour, Lanes., January 13th, 1919. Deficit and Illiistration Funds. These two funds, for obvious reasons, need all the help members can give them — the connnittee thankfully acknowledge the following donations :■ — £ s. d. Alt, Mrs 10 0 Bright, H. E 500 Currie, J 2 6 Dennis, Mrs 5 0 Dewar, J.F i 0 0 Dell, C 10 6 Dobbie J 10 0 Dunleath, The Lady i 0 0 Fasey, W. R j 0 0 Gorringe, Rev. R. L. P i i 0 Hartley, Mrs. E. A 10 0 Pland. Miss 7 6 Ilansson, Miss 100 Harbord. Miss (Deficit ami ijostage) i 3 6 Herbert, L i 0 0 Hewitt, T I 1 0 Hogg, Hon. Miss N 15 o Kewley. Mrs. M j 0 0 Low, G. E 10 0 £ 8, d. Lucas, Miss E i i o Lucas. Capt. X. S., K.y\.M.C 2 2 0 Millsuni. 0 1 o 0 Mortimer,' Mrs 5 o Mundy, Miss S 300 Oakey, W 10 0 Ornisby, Miss 5 o Pullar, J 10 0 Rattigan i 0 0 Rayiior. Rev. G. H i 1 0 Rosiferson, Mrs 10 0 Sinii)son. R. K 5 0 Scott-Miller, R 10 0 Slade 10 o Street, E :... 10 6 Swayne, P 11 0 Teinple, W. R 200 Tomlinson, M i 0 0 Travers Mrs 5 6 Turner, H. J 10 0 Ward, Dr. Fowler 10 6 Weir, J ., 10 0 Waddell, Miss L. M. Peddie 10 o Windybank .' 10 6 Young, Miss C 10 o Changes and Corrections of Address. Mrs. B. Mortimer to Wigniore, Pearce Green. Surrey. Mrs. H. E. Dennis to Wigmore, Pearce Green, Surrey. W. E. Steinschen to i Queen's Road, Guernsey. Capt. L. Lovell-Keays. R.A.M.C., to Stoke Lodge, London Road, Guildford, Surrey. Proposed for Election as Member. 'Miss R. Hand, Bru;ncombe, Foxcombe Hill, Oxford. Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N., page 98). * Indicates ability to supply as soon as young are old enough to be moved ♦The Marquis of Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants.. Stanley Parrakeets. * Baily, W., Shore. Boyers House, Westbury, Wilts. Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves Conures Necklace Doves Diamond Doves Bbight, H. E., Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressington Park, Liverpool. Cockateels Green Cardinals Budgerigars Doves, Violet Peaf'h-faced Lovebirds ,, Diamond Pope Cardinals ,, Red Mountain Long-tailed Grassfinches Pigeons, Geoffry's Diamond Finches Zebra Finches * Burgess, Mrs. M., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, R^^land, Bristol Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller Canaries. Ci.ARr;, Miss L,. The Plollies, Coombe Lane, \\ inibledon, London. Budgerigars, Blue x Green. * Chatterton, Mrs. A.. 11, Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N., 8 Cockateels Budgerigars * Calvocoressi, P. ]., Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool Zebra Finches. * Marsuen, T-, F.Z.S., Thornhurst, Tewit Park, Harrogate. Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. * Smith, J., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. Many-colour Parrakeets. * PiTHiE, AIiss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmouth Zebra Finches. * MoNTEFiORE, Mrs. H. Sebag, West Cliff Lodge, Ranisgate. Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. * Tracky, Mrs. A. L., Halshnm, Teignmoutli, Devon. Zebra Finches. It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register ,and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Breeders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the season's successes ; hut members may make prospective bookings with them. All have pairs which have bred during lasti and other seasons, and thus may reasonaljJy be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members w)Jl register as Club lireeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as possible. The Bird Market. Members' Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- members and displayed rates on a])plication. Advertisements should be sent to the Hon. Editor hv the 8tli of each month. MEMBERS' SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS FOR SALI", : I'airs of Goldtinches 20s., Bullfinches 15s., Marsh Tits 15s. Greenfinches 7s. 6d., Chaffinches 7s. 6d., Blue Tits ss., Ox-eye Tits Ss., all per pair. Also cock Goldfinch mule in full song 20s., all aviary moulted and in perfect feath.er and condition.— Percy Carr, Newbold-on- Stour, near Stratford-on-Avon. « FOR SALT': : i Pair each of Silverbills 20s., Blue-bill's 20s., Yellow-billed Weavers 20s., Red-billed Weavers 20s., White-headed Nuns 20s., Three- coloured Nuns 20s., Cutthroats, breeding pair, 30s., 3 or 4 pairs Zebra Finches 20s. per. pair; i cock Ruficauda Finch 20s.; 2 Black-headed Nuns 20s.; hybrid Nuns los. each; 2 Rosellas 25s. each; i All Green Parrakeet 25s.; I breeding hen Indian Parrakeet 25s.; 1918 Budgerigars 6s. each; odd hen ped. Canaries 15s. each, cocks do. 20s. each, cin. and cin. marked etc. : 2-22 points contest bird rollers 5s. each; also 2 cock White Canaries. .Stamp reply only answered. — Mrs. M. A. Burgess, 52 Clarendon Road, Redland, Bristol. * WANTED : Young hen Cockateel, or would sell two year old cock. FOR SALE : I true pair Rufous-necked Weavers, i hybrid St. Helena Seedeater x Canary, cock, splendid songster. Green Budgerigars, young hens 8s. 6d. each, 1918 youngsters 6s. each; all from outdoor aviary, and in fine condition. — Mrs. Chatterton, 11 Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N., 8. WIRE NETTINCi: A quantity of new ^ inch mesh in large lots, will be offered for sale end of this month in 50 yard rolls. Any member wanting s.-ime should communicate at once with H. Robbins, The Maisonette, Ne-w Oxford Street, London, W.C., so that mutual arrangements may be made as to purchase, as it will only be sold lots of a number of 50 yard rolls. FOR SALE : Budgerigars : one pair adult Yellows 30s. ; three pairs adult (ireens 20s. pair; two odd (ireen cocks 8s. 6d. each; all "from outdoor aviary, and in splendid condition. — Mrs. Mackness, 22 Cyprus Road, Finchlev. LIST OF COLOURED PLATES. which have appeared in Bird Notes, the Journal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager Cornish Chough Indian Roller Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary Stellas' Lories Blue-billed Weaver Black and Yellow Creeper Uvsean Parrakeet Hunstein's Bird of Paradisr Blue Budgerigar Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly- catcher Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Blue and Black, and Vieillot's Tana- gers Jerdon's Greer Bulbul Malabar, and jold-fronted Green Bulbuls Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds -0 J. H. HENSTOCK, Avian Press. Ashbourne. Derbyshire. Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtained from the Publisher. Price 1/6 each, except those marked* which are i/- each. Postage id. extra. 13 FEBRUARY, 1919. The Foreign Bird Club Notices to Members. The Roll : We regret the late appearance of the roll of members, but this has been held back for thorough revision, which has not been possible earlier. Nkw Members : We again remind members that the present is a good time to make an effort to obtain such. There are large numbers of bird- keepers who do not belong to, probably do not know of, the F.B.C., who only need to see our Journal and receive a cordial invitation to join. *We would remind members that the club covers ALL SPECIES of birds, and not merely foreign species. If we are to obtain a material increase of member- ship ALL must share in the effort to obtain it, and then we shall get it. List of Club Driceders : We should be glad to see this list increased. Any member who has " breeding pairs " of any species should send in his or her name to be added to the list. A descriptive catalogue of the species included in the list is in course of preparation, and any additional names should be sent in at once so that it may be as complete as possible. Full details of this scheme will be found in last volume of Bird Notes, pages 98 iuid 99. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer: WESLEY T. PAGE. Hon. Editor. ^ 1— Deficit and Illustration Funds These two funds, for obvious reasons, need all the help members can give them — the committee thankfully acknowledge the following donations : — £ s. d. Burgess, Mrs o 10 o Ebrill, W 0 10 0 Mitchell, H 0 10 o Reeve, Capt. J. S 200 Rothwell, T. E 200 Schuyl, D. G '. 050 Sich, H. L : 0 10 0 Corrigenda : " Miss Hansson, 20s." in January issue should read los.. . 14 Proposed for Election as Members. Maj. R. H. Lindsey-Renton, D.S.O., Covers, Reigate, Surrey. By the Hon. Editor. ' Neal Green, F.Z.S., Holbeck Manor, Horncastle, Lines. By R. Suggitt. R. H. Gills, 4 Queens Grove, Longsight, Manchester. By Miss E. G. R. Peddic-Waddell. A. S. H. Wayenouth, Belmont, St. George's Avenue, Weybridge. By Miss V. H. Hansson. New Member Elected. Miss R. Hand, Briimcombe, Foxconibe Fill, Oxford. Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N., page 98). • Indicates ability to supply as soon as young are old enough to be moved. • The Marquis of Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants., Stanley Parrakeets. • Baily, W., Shore, Boyers House, Westbury, Wilts. Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves C(|nures Necklace Doves Diamond Doves ^ Bright, H. E., Lynton, Eaton Road, Cressington Park, Liverpool. Cockateels Green Cardinals Budgerigars Doves, Violet Peach-faced Lovebirds ,, Diamond Pope Cardinals ,, Red Mountain Long-tailed Grassfinches Pigeons, Geoffry's Diamond Finchrs Zebra Finches • Burgess, Mrs. M., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, Ri^Jand, Bristol. Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest .Singing strain Roller, Lizard, and all good varieties ot Canaries. Clark, Miss L., The Hollies, Coombe Lane, Wimbledon, London. Budgerigars, Blue x Green. • Chatterton, Mrs. A., 11, Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N., 8 Cockateels Budgerigars 15 * Calvocoressi, p. J., Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. Zebra^inches. * Marsden, J, F.Z.S.. Tlic Bungato.w, Ranks Lane, Heysham Harbour, Lanes Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. * Smith, J., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. Many-colour Parrakeets. * PiTHiK, Miss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmouth Zebra Finches. * MoNTEFiORE, Mrs. H. Sebag, West Cliff Lodge, Ramsgate. Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. * Tracey, Mrs. A. L., Halsham, Teignmouth, Devon. , Zebra Finches. It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register, and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Breeders may not have adult stock to dispose of. and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the season's successes ; but members may make prospective bookings with them. All have pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus may reasonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members will register as Club Itreeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as possible. The Bird Market. Members' Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent to the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. MEMBERS' SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS FOR SALE : ISikd Notes, unbound and perfect, for 1911-12-13 and 14 (Vols. "TLL, III., IV. and V.) complete with all plates, coloured and half-tone, etc.— A. O'Neil, 86, Petteril Street, Carlisle. FOR SALE : Fine adult Stanley Parrakeet, hen, perfect condition, mad on mating. — Smith, Woodlands, Kendal. WANTED: Hen Calif ofnian Quail. — S. Williams, no Riverway, Palmer's Green, London, N., 13. FOR SALE : Scaly-breasted Lorikeet (beheved hen) ; also, hen Rosella Parrakeet, or would purchase adult acchmatised cock. Both birds been in outdoor aviary through several winters;. — Page, Langstone, Lingfield. i6 LIST OF COLOURED PLATES, which have appeared in Bird Notes, the Journal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager Cornish Chough Indian Roller Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary Stellas' Lories Blue-billed Weaver Black and Yellow Creeper Uvasan Parrakeet Hunstein's Bird of ParadisR Blue Budgerigar Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly>- catcher Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure , Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Blue and Black, and Vieillot's TaiUr gers Jerdon's Greer Bulbul Malabar, and iold-f rented Green Bulbuls Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds J. H. HENSTOCK, Avian Press. Ashbourne. Derbyshire. Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtained from the Publisher. Price 1/6 each, except those marked * which are i/- cacH. Postage id. extra. MA ROM, i9^9. The Foreign Bird Club ROLL OF MEMBERS. <^^ fIonn)\iry Mem her, i'li.Mi'R, II. R., (fflinulf)-), P.rcndoii. 2J, Harrinfjtoii Rond, BriglUon. 0 Acton. G. H.. P.vlliam. Kidniorc Rond. QiviTsliaiii, Rendiiii;. (Fi'bruar\ . IQI4). .\r,i)i;R.so\, ^^is.s R.. Park House. Worksop. (March. too<)I. Ai.i.w. J. W'.. l^ondj;ati', .Mnwick. (April. T911). .\i.T. Mrs. M.. _'S, ^fcliosc (lardcns, Hammersniitb. T,ondoii. W. (April, T()14l. .\mk.s. Mrs. Hoi!\RT. Xortli Kasloii, Massaclnissetts. U.S.A. (March, 1913). A.MSi.KR, Dm. yi.wKicv.. Eton Court fhiusc, Hipli Street, Windsor. Taon. (Marcli. iCKiQ). .VxDKKWS. P. J., doidon PTouso, W'oodbridtjo. ( Deccniher, iQri"). .\.\'N'i\(;so\, Mr^.., 4. Tlu' Crescent, 'Pile Parle, Plymoulli. (December, 1901). .\\s()X, !•'.. P., The Manor I louse, ,\ldinql)ourne. Chichester. (.April, 19181. .Xi'i'i. leu's', K. A., Dormant. (October, 1910). .\i;.\isr!u>.\(;, Mrs. A. !\P, Newton Pnrcell Rectory, P.uckinj;'h;ini. (X'ovem- ber, ]9I5). Ar.mii.u, K., Tower Plouse. Leiyham Court Road, Strc.alham. Loiidin, S.W'.i^i (March, T912). A .AuN'O'iT, I'KTi'.K. tlrant Street, Alloa. (December, T9T3). » .Xkkkhii, p. P, 1 iarrison View, Watson Crescent, Pl(hnburgh. (March. 1908) A''vwii.i., II \noLii I'"., Cassia Grove, PTalfway Tree, l^.O., King-ston, Jamaica, P..\\'.P (March, 1910). \\'i:m'. Mrs. ,\,. b^. Windsor Ro.ad, P'orest Pr;ite, I'.. 7. (March, ii)jS|. \vri)N. Tiu., 71 (irosvenor Street, Pondon, \\'.. t. (March, 1918). i8 Baii.y, \V. Shoiu:, Itoyers Houst-. Wcsilmry, Wilts. (June, 1909). ]?aixbkiik;k, Capt. W. A.. Tarrant Kcvnston Manor, Tarrant Kcynston, I'.landford. (Sc-i)linib(.'r, 191-2). Hainks. R.. 6, Toronto .Street, Monk's Ronil. Lincoln. (l-'ehruary, 191(1). HA.vn-OKD, Wm.. 'I"hc Coppico, \\'ornclli. Oldl.am. ( JiUK--, Kjo^). Barnard, T. T., KcnijiMon lloo, i'tdford. (July. 1015). TiARTKi.s, O., ■■ Orchida,"" Maync. iiri.^hani-, (hiocnshmd, .\ustralia. (January, 1917). Batty. Cai>t. W. R.. 11 i'ark Road, Soutlii)ort. (Octoher, i()i5). Bkatv, S., Strathiiarn, Elm ( Irove, .Mdork-y Ed{;e. ManolK',>;tcr, (March, iQoSi Beazor, Rev., J. T. A. Loa'Ki.i., The Nest, Bicclesconibc T'ark, Ilfracombc. (April, 1911). r>LK»K. C. W., Curator of ()rnttholog;y. New York /.ooloijical Tark, Now York Citv. U.S.A. (July, 1911). Benti,ey, Krxe.^t l",., St. Mary's Lodge, Louth. (March, 1914). Bo.NHOTE, J. L..- Esq., M.A., F.Z.S.. Dormant. (May, 1916). IHoT'RKE, Hon. Mrs. < avendolen-, Hitcham Vale, Taplow, Maidenhead, and 75 rdoucester Place, Portman S(|iiarc, London, W. i. (Dcceinher, 1909). P.otsFiELD, Miss M., .\von Conn, Southbonrnr Road, Bom-nomonth (January, r9o8). Howkixu, Miss Ci.\KA. Ascot Heath Lod^'-e, Ascot, i•erk^j. (July, 1914). Bkackexriixik, W. .\., 5J5 Oran.cc (irove Ave.. Sf)Uth Pasadena. C>difornia. U.S.A. (June, iqiS). P.n^icHT. lii-KKiiKi, Lynton, luiton Road, Cressiufiton I'ark, Liverpool. (October, iqii). Kkook, !•:. J., b'.Z.S., Hoddam Castle, F.cciefechan. Dunifrieshire. (>Lir. igoSi BuoWNiNG, \V. fl.. i(). (.'ooper ScpKcre. N'ew \u\k, L'.S..\. |l"ebruar\, lOiO). BudWNi-, C.-ipt. .\. I'... r.chnoTit, Muree. Punjab, India. (M.arch. loi-'i. BKrtr. Miss .\.. Chevet I'.irk, W.ikcfield. |.\L!rch, i(')0()). I'.riiox, Recixami I'., Caerli\n, Llandrindod Wells, Raduurshire. (Jan., 191^) Bi R(;ess. Mrs.. Kin}.;s\veir, 5J. Clarendon Road, Redlands. I'.ristol. (Sei>- teniber, 1915). Bl-sii, W,, The County lior. )f Newport School ot .\rt, Clarence Street. Newport, Mon. (May, 190(7), »# (AnocA.N, Li. Com. Francis, I'.Z.S,, etc., " Marsliall Ncy." c/o G.P.O,, T,<)ii(l<)ii. F..C.,, and at Hnllicrop Castle, Isiirfnrd, dlos. (Aucrust, tqi;) L'ai.vkrt. Mrs. H.. Tlic Ridfic Kasuli. Funjal), India. (July, I015')- Cai.vocork.'^i. p. J., Holnio May, Croxlctli Drive, l.iverpool. ((')c(olKr, ii)i<>) CAMriiKi.r., Mrs. Constance, iqj. \Val]i-. Mem.). (Ai'KRN. F., Leu ill's Mead, I'iristol. (October, 1907). C ARU, J. T., r.lythewood, Deramere Drive. Malone Road, Belfast. (Sep- tcmberi 1912). Cark, Pkrcy, Ormond Lodge, Ne\vbold-on-Stour. Stratford-on-Avon 1 \'. (December. 1916). Coi.TON, Fx., 9. Birkendale Road, Sheffield. (February, 1913), CoxNKi.i.. Mrs. KxATcniu'i.i,, The Orchard, Brockenhurst, Hants. (July, 1912"). C."ooK. Mj-s. a. M., F.Z.S., 5 Lancaster Road, Hampstead, London, N.W., 3. (February, 1916), Cnokkh, Chas. F.., Burrow Inch, Lower I'.ournc, Fnrnhnin. (October, iQn ) (.'ko.vksh \w, J., 7, Harcourl ['Joad, Accringlon. ( N'ovcmljer, u)oi). L'kow, (.". F., r.in(isi\ Unnk House, liriiiishy. ((October, 1Q15). t'ruKiK, |., i_>S. Willoubr.-ic Koad, I''(lint)urj:,'-1), (Anj^fuM, IQi.^). t'rsHNV, CuAinj-ri, c/'(J'Mcsm-^. Xcisli, llowt'll, and llaldane, -jr, Watlint;- Si, St. Paul's, F.C ((.)riti. .\rciii, ). f Daviks, ^Tis. M. II., St. Ann's. Tintcrn, Chepstow. ( fanuar\-, 1914'. DvwsoN-S.Miru, l.t.. f-\, N'ash Kectorv, Stony Strattdrd. lUick*. (March, u)i-'i Dki.l, C. K.. ij, Hii,rh Street, llarlcsdcn, London. X.W. to. (lanuarv, 1914) r)K\"\'is, Mrs. ilAkoi.j), W'innioro. Pcarcc Green. Dorkino;. Surrev. (Jan. 1004) Dkwak, D., I.C.S.. F.Z.S., c'o Romtiay Xat. History Society., 6, .\pollo Street. rk)int»ay, India. (June, 19071. Dkwak,' J. F., J, St. Patrick's Square, F.dinburf:;li. (Orig-. Mem.). Di: Yarbvrg-Batk.sox, The Hon. Lii.la. Heslin^ton, York. (June. 1903). DiCKmsoK, Mrs. E., Welbeck Fsiate, Lovedalc, Kilg-iris, S. India. (Janu- ary, 1918)- F)iTCHFifi.D, F., 37, Nugget Street. Oldham. (April, 19141. DoBiiii:. L, Waserley Works, Leith, Fdinburrrli. t'^P^'K 1906). ' V DoH.sox, W. 11. ('.. Hindowii, H:inij)toii Wick. Kin{::ston-on-Thanies. (.April. 1914)- Diu'MMOND, Mi.'-.s. M.iins ol ,MeKL;inch. Lnol. Perthshire. ( .Noveinber, 1907) Pi'XLKATH, The Lady, Hallywater Par'k, P.allywater. co. Down. ('November, T90i). . , ■» ., DiTTOx, The Hon. uud Rev. Canon, " MosborouRli." nratton Road, Chel- tenham. 'May, 1906). / I )vtvrT. Capt. R. A., Frceford. LichfieKl. (November, igu). Eari.k. J. HuD.soN, Newgate House. Cottinji^ham. Hull. (March. 1914). Fbrill, W'm., ■• (heetiyille," South Circular Road, Limerick. (April, 1906)., 'jvMiNDS, W.. Coonibo Farm. Langrton .NfatravtTs. Horset. (November. 1909). ■li.MS. K. V. -M., KiisfhaiiK Cotla.cf. (at '>lialtnn Kcia . (June T()io). •■.ssK.\. The Louiitf>s of, Mill>i(k'. rarlioUl. W i^an. (.\u.l;1l^t. kkx)). '"zKA, A.. F.Z.S.. (10. .Moii.nl Street, (.ro.svenor .Stuiare, London, W.i. (January, 1911). "zKA, I)., J,, Kyd Streel, ("alenll.i. Inda. (.\ugu^(. 191J). \r KNiu, liiv, 'I'lie Cottiige,. I>elton, I 'iipin^hain. (No\eniIier, li)t()l. Asit, \V■ll.IJA^r K., The ()ai<.-, lloli\ I'.ti^h I fill. .Siiare.>l)rool<, N'.l'". (Janu- ary, "X>.i). MStiKK. W. H.. Tlie r.ush Hotel, I-'aniliani. (.\Tay. i\\ I.. H. .M.. St. J.eon.ird's f ',ranj,'^e. I'.e.aiilieii. I'.rockenhurst, Hants. (J;iiniary, XQll). •low IK. ("apt. S. S., F.Z.S..'M.I'..O.L'.. Keedah House. Zoological (hardens, (lizel). Rgypt.- (March, 1909). "ouD, A. r'"RKi:MAX, jr5 Soiitli ('irand Avenue. I'a^.ulena. Cahfornia, I'.S.A. ((.)ctol>er. i9i,H). •'usrroK, T., I'airli.ylil. I'.alihacoinlie. rorq\ia\ . (March. 1914'- •■(iw i.kk-Waki). 1 )r. I-".. 40, I'.crners Street. li»\vich. ((Jclol)er. ryijil. •'ki:\ ii.i.i;, Mi>s M. X. de, \\ elLeck hastate, i^ovedale, XilginV, S. India. (January, 191b). 1-'kust, W. J. C, 13, Fairlawn Avenue-, Chi.s\vick r.irk, T-ondon. W. (August, '013)- < lAT.i.uw AY. Mrt. E., Fcniville. Fortis Green Road. East Finchley. London. N. ::. ( Xovember, 1907). <'JAU(.Ki., Mrs. C. Wye [.edge, iNLiideuhead. ijuiie. joitti. i"tAR1>i.\1:.h. .Mrs. SrANf.tv. L.redon House. SeLsyn Gardens, Cambridge. (January, 191.3). riCKKAKD, Miss ^L. Ji, \'ia Sarto Spiriiu, Florence. Italy. ( fune, 1914). '.TILLS, R. H., 4 0"tt^"» Grove. Longj.ight. Mancht■^tcr. (February, 1919) 22 (.i)()j)c:Hil-r>. II., 59. Leslie Road. Il:l5^t I'inclilcy, I.oiidoii, X. U^b'' 1903)- ( inKuiNci:, 1"lic Rev. RioGiN.si.n, .Mansion Rectory. Slurnn'nstcr Newton, Dor- -n (December, 1902). iiossi., L;t\>\. I'liii.li'. M.l)., M.l'..i >.l'., L'urlknie.Kl, Jleaulieii, i Iruckeuliuisl, Hants. (April, 1910). f iDVTiNo. J.l'., 8_'o Summit Ave., I.os Angeles, California, U.S.A. (.Mar. 1918) (iKAV. 11., .Vl.R.L'.V.S., _'3, Upper Philliniore Place, Kensington, London, \V. 8. (May, 1906). Crekn, Neai., I'.Z.S., Holbeck Manor, iiorncastle. Lines. (February, 1^19). ( '. ki;(;.S(;n, Mi--. L'. I'... c/o .Messrs. .Vmlrews, Vule and Co., S, Clive Row, C.ilcuii.i, India. (l-'ebruary. j9j8). Gkussmith, J. L.,.Tlie Grange, Bickley, Kent. (^lanuary, 19J3). GuKNiiV, G. H., Keswick Hall, Norwich. (June, 1913J. IIagc.ik. Miss 1'",., Ilruniconihe, l''o.\conil)e Mill, U.xford. (February, 1910). IIai.i;, (."i.in ii),\, I'... I'edrogis.i and Lagun;i, Xonli West Corner, Santa Bar- bara, California, U.S. .A. (April, 191 ij. 1 Ialkk.s, T. C.. Tlie Limes. 141, Monks Road. Lincoln. (July. I9if)). Hanu, iMiss R., Ilrumcombe, l-'o.xcombe Hill. CLxford. (January, 1919). Hansson, Mrs. \ kka IIikst, The Lou Hall. Killinghall. Harrogate. (Jan- uary, 1918). Hakijoru, .Miss M. L., J.orlon Park House, Lorton, Cockermouth. (.April, 1916). JJAKCOUKT, The Kt. Hon. LiiWiS, P.C, i-|, Berkeley Square, London, W. 1. (April, 19] 4). JIaio'KU. \i. W., L.Z.S., M.B.U.ti., 17-19, (.)ld Court House Street, Calcutta, India. (October, 1907). H.\KKi.s, CiiAS., 114, P.ethnal Green Road, London, E. 2. (v\pril, 1910). H.SKKiso ij;. Hastings Road, Sunderland. (March, 1918^ Harti,i.\. \ , I .ynchlield, Cishnj/s Lydearil. Taunton. (Sept., 190-). Hakvkv, p. 1., I airleigh; (.>ld Leigh Jvoad, Westclifl'e, Southend-oii-Sea. (June, J9J5). HAUKt. 'Jlie Hon. M. C, c,u .Miss P.. Harrison. .Manor Hou.se, Otton, Tad- ' fster. (November, syoi). 23 IliWKiNs, f. I"., l;clve(k-,rt:. Streetlcy I,niic. I'our fjaks, Sutton Coldficld. Hiriiiingliam. (April, 1Q15). ll\UKi.\>, 1.. W .. i:>tn'(ia. Xvw ("livt l\(j;.(l. Wot DuhMoli. (f'rig. Mriii.) llivHi!. i".. i'.ruokka. TIk- 1J(>\\ii>. Lntoii. (Auyut>l, 1913). IIknkkk^ox. Mi>. \\ . I'.. Moorlk'Itl. Ui)[)cr Clarenioul. N\'\\iastlf-oii-1"\ lu-. (Xovciiihor, 1908). 1 Iknstock, 1. II.. Marl-ci I'l.ici-. A>li1jouriu'. Derln>iijr(.-. (Marcli. 1(^07). }|kkbi;kt, Lieut. I-^i>\v.\ki> (>RKvu-Lii, c/o Messrs. Cox & Co.. K.A.I'. Brancli, III, St. Martin's Lane. London, W.C, J. (January. 1915). IliAvrrr. V. \V. (i.. Tin old liall. \Vec!sl)y. (irimsby. (Ajuil, igoy). lliNXK.s, Miss E. M.. liaron's Down, DuKiTton, Somerset. ( i-)cft'nibcr, 14) lIuGC. 'I'hi- Hon. XoKAii .\li-.i;.\Kii. 53. Lancaster (iale. London, \V. J. (March-, 19171 lioi.iJiiN, Kai.i'H \.. J.Z.S., 5, St. Jolin Street. I'edford Row, l^ondon. W.C. I. itnd Harpenden. Herts. (July. 191 1). lloi'KiNsoN. I':.\iii.L>, D.S.C).. M.A.. M.I!.. (J.xon. Uatlntrst, Cambia, West Afric.i. (October, 1901). IktUM-:. .\.. ■■ I'.onn-na-Coille." .\'urt)c, ,\berdeen. (August. (917). lliiuiux, Misft M., Ma>calls, llrentwood, Essex. (N'oveniber, 19151. I low I-.. KuAXK. 54. 'riioina.-> Street, \Vellingborouj;li, (February, 190-.'). llUMK, Jaaiks, llepscoll. Morpeth. (June. ]i)Oi,). I I ixMS"t;.s, Lieut. A., i*".S.L, 31, Broadwater Road, Tottenham, London, X, (March, 1918). IIvi)K, \\'\i.ti:k. Kemplon I'ark, Suiibiiry-on-Tlianie.s. ('Junr, 10151. Jardim;, ]., Castle Inilk. Lockerbie, X.l'.. ( Augu&t, 1913!. li;\Kix.-, .\. L., W'inscotlie, Simla, India. (April, igibl. liKSt^Y, Ihe Countess of. .Middletnn I'ark. I'.icestcr. (November, 191J). loHNSOX, -Miss L.. .SruiMON, Orotava House. Ore. Hastings. (Sept., 1910), Joiixsox, Major 1'.. .Melrose, W'ilbury Koad, Hove, I'.righton. (Aug. 1911). Jordan. W'-. liill House, h'alnier's (jtccn, London, X. (April, 1916). kiNMi)\, Ml;... 7, Alliitin l\.o;nl, Siiltdii, Suncy. (.M;i>. i(>oS). Ki:\\ i.KV, Mrs. .M. A.. ScclfSfbcrgli I louse. Kcw (Ircon. Surrey. (Sept., 1910). l\M)iti:i,, .Miss I'". M.\i-i), ,^_', 'I'.ivistuck Square, I.oikIou,'* WtC (Dee., iQll). I.A.Mi;. 1'".. |.. .\1\ erst (lite. Tlielford Koad, New Maldeu. Surrey. (May, jyofi) l.iAen. ('. I"., \'ale I -odj^e, Leallierliead. (July, r9i.(). l.i-.CH 111-: LiiGH, Dr. H., Redcar, Yorks. (April, 191 1 J. 1,11 roKi), The T,oiu). F.ilford Hal!. Ouudle, Norlli;(iits. ( jauuary. 1914I. T,im).si:v-I\i:nT()N', (i. 11., Dover;:.. Reif^ate, Surrey. (Fehruiiry, 1919). Li.*.osi-;v-l\.KK'ro\. iMaj. R. I!., D.S.( ).. Dovers, J<.cig'ale, .Surrey. (T'eli.. 1919) l,uN(;i)ON, Mrs. C. .\., .'\rreton, j'lpsoni Road, Cluildford.^ (February, 1909). I,(ivi:ll-Ki;.\ys, (."apt. I.. I'"., l\.A.M.t'.. Stoke Dodge, Doudou Road, Guild- ford, Surrey. (Mareli, 1913). Liiw. (i. I'.. 14, Royal Terraee IList. Kingslowu. (May, 1914). l.tt.vs, .Miss I'.MMA, ilranibleliurst. East (iriiLstead, Sussex. (Sept."*i9t3i. l.rcA.s, Cai>l., .\. S., Al.l'.., F.Z.S., 19, ^^'estl)()Unle Terraee, Hyde Park, London, \V. 2. (January, 1914), McDuN.VGH, J. T".. R., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.l'.. I ./.S . L.L.S., 4, VVimpoIe St., London, W. (January, 1903). McDonald, D. D.. Atholl Arms Hotel, Blair Atlioll. N.B. (October, 1915). M.vcK.Nts.';, Mrs. N., Cypress Road, Church End, iMucliley N. (June, 1916). M.\CRKAUY, F. W.. 39. George Street, Stranraer. (July. 191(1). MAKNiiKi.NG, R., Knoll Cottage, Noak Hill. Romford. (February, igu). Makmont, W. P>., The Firs, Amberley. Stroud, (dos. (October, -190S). .Marsdu.n', J,, F.Z.5., The Bungal'ow, Banks Lane, Heysham Harbour, More- cambe. Lanes. (March, 1914). If- Makshall, .M M "-^otuIi G-aiKl .\vo.. l';isadena. California, L'.S.A. (.\fareli. 1919V .Mason, p., The Maisonnette, Ikoadstairs. (.\pri1, 1914). Ma.")!!:);. 0 , ^Li'.., B.C., ^t>, Guiidhall Street, Buiy St, Edmunds, (Nov. 1903) 25 M.\x\vi;ix-JACKSON. Miss M., Cowliill, Rutland Road. 1 farrog-atc. (Jan. 1913) MaxwI^xi., C. T., I. Sliardcrofl. Avfii. I Uriic Hill, .^.l'.. ( IX-conihcr. 1908). Mkadows, J. (.'. W., K). Cardiff Koad. I.iUon. (I'chniaiv, i()oS). MiM.KU, .Mrs. K. Lkslie, Dornianl. (Jantiaiy 190,^). Mii.i.sr.M, (). The iM'r.s, Wfstwoud, MaryaU'. (July, HKij). Al i'i'ciii:i.i., II.. da, itrunsw irk rcrraoc. ilovi-, Uri^lUtm. (Scptcillbor, 1903). Mo.NKV, Sir L. G. Cnur/./.x, Tlu Grfv House, Maui[is(fad Lane, London, N. (October, 1910). .Moxi,\(;uK, (j. R., 63, Croxtcd Road, Dulsvicli, S.IC. _'i. (I'\'l)ruary, 1909). Mox i\;(i.mi:kv, W. O., c/o .\]is. Ilulsc, .Moxaudra Road, ilornsca, Hull. (January, 1913). AJoKKisoN, riic Hon. .Mrs. ^Jcl .akkn, (Juccu .Vnuc's Alansioiit-. St. Jamc's' I'ark, London, S.VV. (November, 1906J. AJOKi iMKK, Mrs., \Vis,nnoro, rc.arcf Green, Dorking'. Surrey. (Orig. Mem.) MuKiJV, Mi.ss Sybil, Shipley Hall, Herhy. (August, 1911), MuKTux Mak.siiai.i,, Osborne Villas, Ne\vcaslle-upon-Tyne. (August, X913). Nwioii, Mrs. L. M., /Mltm House, .Mer.^(.-y Ro.id, .\'gi)urlh, l-iNerpooi. (October, 1915). .\i;\v.MAX,^T. H., F.Z.S., ALC.O.IL, New lands, H.urowdene Road, \Veml)Iey, Aliddlesex. (July, 1903). Oakkv, W., Tlie Anglers' Inn, Pole Street, I'reston. (Orig. Mem.). ( )ia:RUOLSKK, Hakry C. -'805, iSth Street, X.\\'., Washington, D.C, U.S.A. (December, 1903). O'DoN'NELL, O., Hyntle IMace, Hintleshani. Ipsuieh. (Augu.st, 1912). t )'Ri:iLLY'. NicituLAS S., 144, Eastern Ko.id, ]^enip Town, Ihiyiiton. (Oriy. Mem.). ORMtiuv, Miss E., The Cottage, Silver JMeld. Harrogate. (June, 1917). f'AGi.. W. T.. F.Z.S.. M.B.O.U,, (Hon. Editor). Lnngstone, Ljiigfield, Surrev. (May, 190s).. * PaiNTKK, \'. Kii'vyov, Cleveland, ''hid. ! ' '^ \ i \'(.\ rnilxr. louM- Patekson, Mrs. A. C, c/o National liaiik of India. _'6, Bishopgate, London, K.C. _'. (■ November, 1908). I'ki.i.iv, IIknkv Li;, L.C iV .M. Itank, (iiuruM-v. (()ctol»er, lyiO). F'l.KCiVAL. W. (i..Nan^'a, Cliania Urulgc. i'.riti.^ii i'.a^t Africa. (January. i<)i^s) ri;KKi.\s. r,., Clioter llill. WOuilclic^ter, Stroud, (ilouccstcr.sliiri'. (I'd). 19(^3) I'i:ii, Kent. (August, 1910). RAiiriiOKNK, }L I!.. Dreenan, Letter Co-, Fermanagh. • (November, 19151. Rattk;an, G. E., Lanarkslea. Cornwall (.iardens, London. S.W. (March. 1909) R\^■I.^•, W. }].. J39. Derby Road. Nottingham. (October. |()09). R\>N(iK. Re\. G. II., M..\., ila/eleigh Rectorx-. .M.aldon. i^sse.x. (Dec. 1909J Ri;i:vi:. C.ipt. J. S.. l-.Z.S.. Leadenham Ilnu>e. I-incoln. (March. 1908I. Rkstai.i,. J. .\.. S_\ Cambriclge Street. I'.irminghani. (November, 1903). Kict, Capt. G., Clayquhat, Blairgowrie. (July, 190^). 27 Kuiiiii.xs, H., _^'^. New ( )Nfor(.l Street. London. W.C. i. (October. 190^). RoBSox, ]., -'8, Qinulen Grove. Peckliuni, S.IC. (Decemlier, 1909). I\. W. '[',, ji, Iiior}- Villas, Xeu Road, lirentwood. (October, i()o7). RouKKSox, Mrs., Fleiirviile, Cheltenliani. ( Felini.irv , 1903). Ruth. Fkkd. (',. R., Sherwood I'l.ice. I'.iiylew ood. X.J.. U.S. .A. (.\ov. 1908) Ri)Tiii.K\\Ki,i,, J.\.Mi;s E.. 153, Sewell Avenue, Llrooklyn. .Ma.ss., U.S.A. (b'el)- niary, 191 1). ^ Roi 111. Col. I. J., _', Ueecliworth \ illas, Cheltenham. (Janiiar)', 1912). Kr.M.SKY. L.uv. _'3, Rua de Terpa I'into, \'illa Xova de Gaya, Oporto, I'or- tugal. (^(Jctober, 1911). Ry.\x, G. E., (I'.ar-at-Uawj, „>8. (."levelaiid Sqifare, Hyde I'ark. London, W., j. (Xovember, 1913). .S.VMUiiLSON, Lady, Hatchford I'ark, Cobliam. SiuTcy. (July, Hjib). .ScHi.'YL, I), (j.. IJ, Toe-Harinj^yli.st, Rotterdam, Mollantl. (jamiary, 1914). ScuTT, Lieut. 1). H.VMILTON, tJamildean. Ipswich. (Juiy. i9H))\ Scott, A. li.. Waterside Copse, l,i])hook, Hants. (October, 1915). ScuTT, J. lv\.STOx. M.B., LJifrons, Albany Road, Fleet, Hams. (March, 1908J ScuTT. Mr.s. J. E.vsTox, Cifrons, Albany Road. I'leet, Hants. (March, 1908) ( ScOTT-MlLLUR, R., Clydebank, Uddington. (May, 19131. Si:ii.\G-MoNTEFioKi£, Mrs., Ea§t Clifi" Lodg^e, Ramsgate. (May, 1914). SiiJi'Tox, A. J., 71, Cloudesdale Road, Balham, T-ondon, S.\V. 17 (Apr-'l, 1913) Suir. IF L.. Corney Flouse, Burlington Lane, Chiswick, London, W. 4. (June 190S). SluicuoTTOir, Mrs. F. H.\kuop, Elherow House, Hollingworth,, .Nlanchester. (February, 1908;. Stdgwick, Dr. j. E., Shirley Dene. Uildeiiborough. "Lonliridge. Stllj;, Arthur, '" ICyemore," .Arley via Bewdley. Worcs. (January, 1911). SlMJ'^ON, R. E., c/o .Mrs. ,\!lcorn./_' R.iilwav Cottages. I'-ottesford, X'otting- ham. (December, 1907). Sladk, G. J..34, Milton Road, Fitzliugh, Soutiiauiptoii. (I'cbruary. 1915). Smith-Rvland, Mrs., Barford Hill, Warwick. (April, 1909). 28 «■ SMtTH. J.. \\'o(l<^l;lInl^^. Kendal. danuary. loio). Smyih, Miss Ai.i"HKi)A, Triory Koiisc, I'rinry Road. Kow Gardens. Surrey. January, i<)ii). .Sn.M'I., Maj. .\. I'"-., k.l/.C l.aiij^royd. Sumiingdale. I'.erks. (.March, f()iS). S.SAKKV. H., Jl. l.caniiuglon Road, r.hK-kl>urn. (March. lyii). .So.Mius, Lieut. 1'". W.. .\.V.C.. T.l"., h(). Francis Street, [,eeds. (Jan., lyo"). SoiTMCo.MBh, S. L., lligldau^ls. Ash. Marlock. Somerset. (September, lyiu) Si'K.SNKi.iXG, IC, JJrookland Cottage. Soutii Road. Taunton. (February, 1908) Si'KWVSO.N. C:i]A. M. C, R..\.]\l.t".. OS. Sf)inl)\vood I.ane. lliglii^Mte. f-ondon, \. (1. ((^)ctober, 191.^). Si-Kruary, 1914J. Sti;i'Hi:ns, A. J., SO, I'.alfour Road, llford. (Feliruary, i9i-|). Sticw AKT. 1'.. 1".. (ilenlinr^l, Tin- Crosspaiks. K.idlett, Herts. (Februray, t9i4l .Stoukv. .Mv>. :\., Sunnner Hill, iarpoiiev , (."he>hire. (November, iqu). Siorr. .\. !•"... 15, Fast Parride. Feeds. (January, 1915I. Stkkkt, F., The I'oivlars, Oalwoods, Anslow , llurtoiion-Trenl. (May, 1909) Stuickland, F2. a., 16, Ahna Road. Windsor. . (May. i9i;3,). Stiuinh. Hkkhkim. Redl.'inds, Chislehurst Road, liickley. (April, 1913J. SuGGiTT, R., Sugyilt's Lane. C'leethorpes, ( irimsby. tJH'cember, J903). SuGGiTT, W. F.. Sugg^itts Lane. Cleethorpes. Grimsby. (January, 1915). SuTCLii"i-K, .\r,i!KKT, I'airholnie, W'elholme Road. Grimsby. (May. 1907). SwAVNii, }li:NKy .\.. J9, I'ercy Pl;ico, Dublin. (January, 1913). SvKis. J., 16. .Siiorthope Street, Musselburgh. (January, 191J'). TAi.NTtGlMiS. ilAKONNB Li: Gi.iMi-.NT in.i Cleveland. Minehead. Somerset. (Auguit. 1913). Tavistock, 'Jhe .Maninis of, \\'.irhlingt<.in House. Havant. Hants. (Jan- ■ nary, 1913). f Ti;.Mn.i:. N\'. R.. Ormonde, Datchet. Windsor. (December. kkjS). Ti^cHiiMAKLH, W, ]■.. l'..A , Rin^more, TcigmTiouth. (March, 1907; Thomasset, H. C, P.Z.S,, .'he Manor House, A^lim.in*worth, N(hvbnry. (July. 1912). TiiOKUtKN. Mi>s t.'. W.. 00. l"(l^,'^o Lane. Liverpool. (March. .1910). TimAiTK.s. Dr. GiMiKHT C, 94, licaoouslicUl Road, iJri}^hton. (May, 1910). Tnrfly, G, I). F., New York, Z.S.. Drfricn. Connecticut, U.S.A. (Jan., 1913^ ')"(">.M\SST IJai.dku.i, La Cor.vTKSSA, G.. .\, \ ia Silvio, I'clico, Florence, It.ily. (December, 190 1). ToMi.iNsoN, AL^LCOL.\r R.. Shephwds House, Invcresk, Midlothian. (.Vpril, 1913). TosAi7.?.\, I'.ARox M.. 15, Rue (le Lul>eck, t'aris. I'rance. (^L-lrcll, I91f)). 'J'owx.sKN'D, S. M., {II 0)1. lixliihitioihi! Secretary), 3, Swift Street, Fulhani, S.W. (Original Member). Tkacv. .Mrs. A. i... TIalsham. .shaldon. Teignmouth. (February, 1914). Trwkws, Mrs. JoHXSON, Fern Hill. Clonakilty, co. Cork. (December, 1903) Tkavi.s, Mrs., Pedmore Granf^e. Stourbridt;e. (Jauary, 191 1). TrKNKK,' Mkkhkrt L, Tremailoc, Keyberry Road, Xewton .\bbott. (Feb- ruary, 19151. — TiT{.\"KK-Ti'{.\KR, Mrs., .\bbcy Spring, lieaulieu, I'rockenhlirst, Hants. (No- vember, 1910). ['U'WICK, D. R.. St. Cross .\fill, Winchester. (March, 1913). Aai.hxtixe, F.. 7, Highfield, Workington. (December, 1911). ^ \kkstrax'TKX, Mons".. .Augusta House. I'.elle \'ue Road. Ramsgate. (.'\j)ril. lOK)). Waddki.i., Miss !•". G. R. I'lnDU-., 4. Greai Stuart .Street, Edinburgh. (Feb- ruary, i<)09). WAiT,''NIiss L. M., St. .\., IJ, Ro.-iary Gardens. South Kensington, London, S.W. (Deceml>er. 1907). W'ai.kkr, Cark, Tyric, West I'ark, Head^ngley, i-eeds. (March, 1910). \VAi,r.\CK, Norman II,, Ard Brugh, D.ilkey, Co. Dublin. (June, 1917).' Ward, Hon. .\frs. Somi rskt, Greenmount, Ncwca.stle, co. Down. (Oct. 1905) W.vr.soN, S., 37, Titliebarn Street, Preston. (.September, 1910). W.VYENOUTH, .V. S. H.. Belmont, St. George's Ave., Weybrdge. (F>b. 1919) Wrin-.F.. E., ThorpciliUi' Coltajie. i yif)rU-\ Wood, Rickmansuortli. llc-ris. (Felirunrv, 1015). Wkik, |.. l^ou.trlas Cotta.m', l'i)i>er Aslik'v. Xcw Milton, Hants. (Dec. IQIJ) Welunotox, fl. Ci.. 'I'ho DucIkss of, I'.whurst I'.irk. l'.a«inR?toke, Hants. (April, igi8). Wkst.u-o'it. H.. Wellington Hotel. Minclioad. Somerset. (September, iQo;) Wkthkv, Mrs. R. 1'".. Leliden. (."oatlKini. Kedcar. (jnl\. 1911). Wiii.'^Ti.KK, llccii I. P.. c/o Kin;^. Kini,^ and Co.. .Xpents. Rombay, India. (January, 191,5). Wiiiri:, A. 1., Cilcsliire. Harrow by ixo.id. ( »rantliam. (November, 1916). , WiUTi.KV, H., Primiey Hill, I'a''.i,Mnon, S. Devon. (January, 1916). Wii.i,i'OKi>, IIknry. [linn, f'liotni^rai^licr). Uplands View. Haven Street, Kvde (July, 1908). \\'ii.i.[.vM.s, SiDXKv, h'.Z.S.. {Hon. Treasurer and lUisiiicss Secretary), " Oak- lei^li," 110, Kiverway, Palmer's (ireen, London. X. 13. (Oclot)er. 1910) ^\■ll.l.lAMS, Mrs. C. 11.. I'.m.-inuel X'iearage. l*".xoter. (J;inuary, 1911). Wii,i.L\.\is()X. T. P. .M., O04. I'rospect Avenue, Soulli Pasadena, CalifoiMii.i, U.S.A. (Au.i;nsl. 1917). \\'ii..sox, Miss I". W.. 35. i'manuel A\enue. .\eton. ^MidtUesox. (Marcli. 190(1) Wii.sf)x, T. X..M..\.. Ilairow l.odt^e. Hr.ins^ore, Christchurch. (Jan. ic)()j) Wixcnii,.si;.\ and Xonixciii.v.M, The Countess of. Haverholiue Priory, Sleaford (June, 1903J. \\'ixi)VH,\XK, P. .\.. ■■ Peteluuere." _M0, Kioliniond Ro;i(i. Kingston-on-Th.inies (June, 1916). WixDiiA.M, Lady E., .Soli.im Mouse, .Xewmarkel. (July, 1908). WiMHi.K. Chas., Tliirline'e. South \-.uA Road, i'.eckenham, (December, 1909) Wnonw.ARD, Kknnktii X., 1, .M.idison .\vemie. New York, U.S.A. ( Pel)- ruary, 1915P WoKKMAx. W. 11.. l'./..S., .M.l',.( I.e., l.isniore, Windsor, Belfast. (June, 191 _' I, Wkottf..si.i;v. The Hon. Wai.ti:r P.., I'.Z.S.. Seisdon. Staplecross. Hawkhursi.. December, 190JI. Ve.m.lanu. Jamks, Binstt'ud Rydo. (Septcml>cr. 19091. Yot'NO. Miss CoNSTANCi:. Tlionihill, Alnwick. (October. iQii). Yoi'NO. Rev. H. W.. Stone \'k:\v:,^v, Aylesbury, Bucks. (Ai)ril. 191;). ^'t i.K, Liidy. llanste.ul House, I'.ricket Wood. St. .Mhitns, Herts. (Jan.. 1914) Zo()i,oi;icAi. SociKTY, The Xew York. 185II1 Street and Southern lioulev.ird. New York, U.S. .A. (March, 19171. Tlic lion. lUisiiicss Srcrctaiy reiinrsls /luit lie <"iiv he [>roinpt!y injorvicd of any errors in the aboz'e List. THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Notices to Members. Ti:.\ WAYS TO KIIX A SOCIETY. 1. Do not. go to the meetings. 2. But if you do go, go late. 3. If the weather does'nt suit you. don't think of going. 4. If vou do attend a meeting, llnd fault with the work of the otticers and other members. 5. Never accept an office, as it is easier to criticise than to do things. (). Nevertheles.s. get sore if you are not ai)pointcd on a committee. anil if you are. do not attend the committee ineetings. ' 7. If ;isked by the chairman to give your opim'on regarding some inip(jrtanl matter, tell him you have nothing to say. After the meeting tell everyone how things ought to be done. S. Do nothing more than is absolutel)' necessary but when other inLinbers roll up their sleeves and willingl\ , unselfishly use their abilit\' to help matters .-along, howl that the society is run b}- a clique. i). Hold back your subscription as long as possible, or don't pay at all. TO. Don't bother about getting new members — " Let the secretary do ii ' .{if'iHDice Club Nezi's. Donations, ktc. — N^o list of these to hand at time of going tf) press. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. See. and Treasurer. 'WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. :3a New Members Elected. Major 1\. H. l.intlM'v-R(.nlon. D.S.d., Ddvers, Reigate, Surrey. \ral (ircrn. I'.Z.S.,- 1 lolixrck Manor, TlonicastU', Lines. 1\. II. rtvers, Kei^ate, Surrey. By the Hon. Editor. \'>Y. v.. l'"itch-Da}:;Iish. i'./.S., vte., S lU-aulieu \illas, Finsbury Road, London, N. ^., By the flon. Editor. M.ircus M.Marshall, Snuili (iraiul Avenue,, TVisadena. t'nlifornia, U.S.A., Hy T. F. M. lVil!ia)n.u->,i. Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations t'td^ ,B.N., page 98). • * Indieates ability to supjily as soon as yoiuifi- arc old enough to be moved. * Tin- M AKoris oi' T.vVistock, Warblington House, fJavant. Hants., Stanley Parrakeets. , * r. vii.v, \V., SiioKi:, r.oyers House, Westbury, Wilts. Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves StanleyvParrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves Conures Necklace Doves Diamond Doves Bright, H. E., T,ynton, b.aton Road, Cressington Park; Liverpool. Cockateels (jreen Cardinals Budgerigars Doves, Violet Fearh-faced Lovebirds ,, Diamond Pope Cardinals ., Red Mountain Long-tailed Grassfinches Pigeons, Geoffry's Diamond Finchrs Zebra Finches * r.iK<,i>s. Mrs. M., Kino-sweir. ^2. flari-ndon Koad. IU.,land, Bristol.* Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest Sint^ini;- str.iin Kdller, l.iz.inl. and ;ill good varieties >t Canaries. . ,, (■|.\i(i:. .\lis> I... riu' llollir-. Coonilie Lane, \\ inil.le- Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtained from the Publisher. Price 1/6 each, except those marked * which are i/- each. Postage id. extra. T. H. HENSTOCK, Avian Press. Ashbourne, Derbyshire. 43 JUNE, 1919 THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Notices to Members. Late Issue : The Hon. Editor much regrets the late appearance of this issue, but circumstances beyond his control have prevented an earlier publication ; he, however, hopes that July number will appear nearer the . approximate date of issue. The Magazine : Copy is much needed to keep contents varied, instruct- ive" and practical — the Hon. Editor sug-gests that members send articles covering ground of undermentioned titles : ■ Review of My Aviaries and Hirds since Erection. War-time in my Aviaries. Some Birds T have Kept. My Pheasants and Waterfowl. My Doves and How I have kept and bred them. Reminiscences of Bird-keeping. Or on any other subject which may suggest itself. Members resident abroad are earnestly requested to send notes of the wild life of the birds of their ■trict, and also of the aviculture, if an}', of the locality. Inxrease of Subscription : ' We would clearly state that this is not intended as permanent, but merely to cover the period of high prices of paper printing, etc., and to clear off the deficit — then the matter will be thoroughly gone into, and the subscription reduced to such a figure as will leave the Club / a working income. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. WESLEY T. PAGE. Hon. Editor. <> Deficit and Illustration Funds. The Committee acknowledge with best thanks the folloA^"'ng donations : £ s. d. Arnott, P I o o Perreau, Mrs. G. A o lo o Rumsev, Lacv o lo o -<>-- Proposed for Election as Members. Mrs. Repard, Pre.ston St. Mary, Langley Avenue, Surbiton, Surrey, By Mrs. M. A. Burgess and the Hon. Editor. 44 New Members Elected. Mrs. Ransom, 92 Dora Road, Wimbledon Park, London, S.W., 19. Miss E .E. Pynan, West House, Hartlepool. Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N., page 98). • Indicates ability to supply as soon as young are old enough to be moved. • The Marqu;s of Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants., Stanley Parrakeets. Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-v.ing Doves Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves Conures Neckkce Doves Diamond Doves* • Burgess, Mrs. M., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Koad, R^Jland, Bristol. Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yelfow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller, Lizard, and all good varieties ot Canaries. CL.^RE, Miss L., The Hollies, Coombe Lane, Wimuledon, London. Budgerigars, Blue x Green. • Chatterton, Mrs. A., 11, Fairfield Road, Crouch End London, N., 8 Cockateels Budgerigars • Calvocoressi, P. J., Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. Zebra Finches. • Marsden, J, F.Z.S., The Bungalow, Banks Lane, Heysham Harbour, L^ncs • Baily, W., Shore, Boyers House, Westbury, Wilts. Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. , • Smith, J., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. Many-colour Parrakeets. • Pith 11:, Miss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmouth Zebra Finches. 45 * MoNTEFiORE, Mrs. H. Sebag, East Cliff Lodge, Ramsgate. Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. , * Tracey, Mrs. A! L., Halsham, Teignmouth, Devon. Zebra Finches. It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register, and that with the exception of the first named, these Qub Breeders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon th« season's successes ; but members may make prospectivv. bookings with them. All have pairs which have bred during last and other, seasons, and thus may reasonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members will register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as possible. The Bird Market. Members' Rates : Four words a penny ; minimum fourpence. Non- members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent to the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. MEMBERS' SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS WANTED : Pairs rare British birds, also hen Blood-rump Parrakeet. — Capt. Reeve, Leadenham House, Lincoln. FOR SALE : Bird Notes, Vol. i to date (1901 to 18). all bound up to and including 1913; 1914 to 18 unbound. — Hon. W. B. Wrottesley, Seisdoa Staplecross, Sussex. WANTED : Pairs of White Java, and Ring Doves, or pairs of foreign doves, from outdoor aviary for breeding. — S. Williams, no Riverway, Palmer's Green, London, N. 13. FOR S.AlLE : Hen Scaly-breasted Lorikeet, or would buy acclimatised cock. — Page, Langstone, Lingfield, Surrey. WANTED : Bird Notes, Vol. i. N.S., 1910, either bound or in loose parts. - Duchess of Wellington, Ewhurst Park, Basingstoke. WANTED : Hens, Cherry, Red-headed, and Jacarini Finches, also Barra- band's Parrakeet. Cocks, Parson and Crimson Finches, Long-tailed Grassfinch, and Crimson-wing Parrakeet.— A. Decoux, Gery,» par Aixe- s-Vienne, Hth Vienne, France. 46 LIST OF COLOURED PLATES. which have appeared in BikD Notes, the Jour|ial of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager Cornish Chough Indian Roller Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary Stellas' Lories Blue-billed Weaver Black and Yellow Creeper Uvsean Parrakeet Hunstein's Bird of Paradisft Blue Budgerigar Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly- catcher Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rum ped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Blue and Black, and Vieillot's Tana- gers Jerdon's Green Bulbul Malabar, and "rold-fronted Green Bulbuls Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtaine.l from the Publisher, Price 1/6 each, except tho^se marked * which are i/- each. Postage id. extra. J. TT. HENSTOCK, Avian Press, Ashbourne, Derbyshire. JULY. 191J THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Notices to Members. The M.\g.\zink : The last three issue,"* liave been veiy late, owiii}; mainly to special causes beyond our control, but also to some extent to our having to wait for copy coming in — a little less slackness on the part of some cf our members can easily remedy this. Though there are not many birds in our aviaries at the moment, there are many past unrecorded episodes that have occurred therein, that would make most practical and interesting reading at the present time. Will members kindly consider this and respond ? Unp.md Subscrii'TU)N.s : In making up the accoiints for audit am! publication we find the postage account very heavy ; this arises from three- causes : (i) Increased postal rates. (2) Appeals re Deficit Fund. (3) Appli- cations for overdue subscriptions. While the first two causes arc unavoidable, the latter cau.se is a needless expense caused by the thoughtless slackness of some of our members. Will they kindly take this hint and remit at once ? Also, those who have not yet sent in the extra los. to cover the increased subscription for this year, w'ill greatly help and oblige the Club's Treasurer by remitting same promptly. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. i <> Change and Corrections of Address. Capt. P. Ciosse, to 18, Chenniston Gardens, Kensington. London, W., 5. i\Irs. Julliart Grove (nee the Hon. Norah McGaul Hogg) to P.rattamslc; House, Lymington, Hants. <^ New Member Elected. Mrs. Repard, Preston St. Afory, Langley Avenue, Surbiton, Surrey. Proposed for Election as Members. Miss C. Brodie, Stoke Lodge, London Road, Guildford, Surrey. A' v Or. Lovcll-Kca\s and the Hon. Editor. Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N., page 98). . ... »: "-r.c ii;:';--- (0 supply as soon as young are old enough to Lc moved. •The Marqu;s of Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants.. Stanley Parrakeets. , Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves Conures ' Necklace Dovt-? Diamond Doves • BuRGKSS, Mrs. M., Kingswcir, 52, Clarendon Road, R^-laini. Hrisiol Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller. LizniJ, and all good varieties )t ^ Canaries. Clakl, Miss L.. The Hollies, Coombe Lane, Wimiiledon. London. Budgerigars, Blue x Green. • CuATTiiRTON, Mrs. A., II, Fairfield Road, Crouch End London. N., S Cockateels Budgerigars • Calvocorkssi, p. J., Holme Hey. Croxtetli Drive, Liverpool. Zebra Finches^ • Marsdkn, J, F.Z.S., The Bungalow, Banks Lane, Heyslvam Harbour, Lanes • Baily, W., Shore. Boyers House, Wcsibury, Wilts. Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. • Smith, J., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. Many-colour Parrakeets. • PiTHiE, Miss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmoufn. Zebra Finches. -"* .ViONTEFiORE, Mrs. H. Si-.BAG, East Cliff i-odgc, Rrimstjatc. Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. • Tracey, Mrs. A. L., Halsham, Teignmoiuli, Devon Zebra Finches. It must be noticed, this is the comnKncenient of the above register, aui! that with the exception of the first named, these Club Br».-eders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the season's successes; but members may make prospectiv>. bookings with them. All have pairs which have bved during last and other seasons, and thus may •■easonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members will register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as possible. ^ 0 The Bird Market. Members' Rates : Four words a penny ; minimum fourpence. Non- mcmbcrs and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent to the Hon. Editor bv the 8th of each month. MEMBERS' SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS FOR SALE: Pair of Pejinant Parrakeets, £10: hen I'.rown's Parrakeel, £7: all acclimatised and in .show condition. FOR SALE : PRIVATELY IMPORTED Indian birds : Avadavats. Sliver- bills, Bush Larks. Rain Quail, Java Sparrows, Himalayan' Siskins, and young Rock Parfakeets. — W.T. Page, Langston. Lingfield. Surrey. FOR SALE : Pair African Silverbills, 31s. 6d. ; splendid condition.— Miss Pithie, 6H. Clarendon Road. So./ithsea, Portsitiouth. WOULD EXCHANGE Adult Cock Red-rump for young pair ditto, or other Parrakeets or Lovebirds, etc., not finch tribe. — Mrs. Travis, Pedmore Grange. Stourbridge. 5'> LIST OF COLOURED PLATES, cippcared in Bird Notes, the Journal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow ..i,^^ coloured Tanager Cornish Chough Indian Rollei;, . Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird- Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A BeautifuJ Aviary Stellas' Lories Blue-billed Weaver Black and Yellow Creeper Uva;an Parrakeet Hunstein's Bird of Paradise Blue Budgerigar Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly- catcher Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced FLnches. Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Blue and Black, and Vieillot's Tana- gers Jerdon's Green Bulbul Malabar, and Gold-fronted Green Bulbul s Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds S ^y Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtaine«l from the Publisher, Price 1/6 each, except those marked * which are i/- each. Postage id. extra. J H. HENSTOCK, Avian Press, Ashbourne, Derbyshire. LIST OF COLOURED PLATES, which have appeared in Bird Notes, the Journal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager Cornish Chough Indian Roller l^lue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Wax wing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch . Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary Stellas' Lories Blue-billed Weaver ''^ Black and Yellow Creeper Uvican Parrakeet Hunstein's Bird of Paradise Blue Budgerigar Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly- catcher Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Pnrrn< Melba, and Red-fticvu i :'" ins. Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs.) I'.Iue and Black, and Vieillot's Tnna- grrs Jerdon's Greei Bulbul Malabar. ^ and Jold-frontod <'iucii Bulbuls Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Crown-backed Robin Sunbirds -<>- Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured. Plates can be obtainc.l from the Publisher. Price 1/6 each, except those marked* which are 1/- each. Postage id. extra. I M. HENSTOCK, Avian Press, AsiiBOURne, Derrvsuirk. seasoii'a successes; l)iit members may make prospective, bookings with them. All liave pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus may •"easonaljly be expected to do so again. It is hoped- many other members wijl register as Club Breeders'. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as :^3^sible. <> ' The Bird Market. Members' R.-vtes : Four words a penny; minimum fourpence. Non- memhers and displayed rates on rijiidicntion. .Advertisements should be sent lo the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. MEMBERS' SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS l"C)i\ SAl.K: lleauliful tame l-Javen. price £5 to good home. — Mrs. Dawson-Smith, Nash Rectory, Stony-Stratford, Bucks. I'XCKANGE :■ Wanted to exchange, pair young Swainson's Lorikeets for p.iir adult Red-rump Parra:;.>ets. FOR SALE : Cock Plum-head Parrrikeet.' W.^NTED : Men Crimson-wing Parrakcet. — Sir L. Money, llampstead Lane, Mighgate, London, N.6. PRIVATELY IMPORTED" INDfAN BIRDS: Avaduvats. Sijvcrhill.-^, Wliite-eyes (Zosterops), White-breasted Water-hens, Lesser and Greater Button, and Jungle-bush Quail, and a jerdon's i"ruitsucker-;-no\v in Thames, awaiting collection — sul^iect lo live arrival. A* current rates. — W. T. Page, Langstone, Liiigfield, Surrey. , ' W'XNTEl^: Hen Sham.-i, alsn rare British birds. — Cant. Roc\i , i ' .har.i Hou.se, iJhcoln. '■ I'.IRD NOTICS' " from January 1910 to present date, complete, in gooti condition, unbound. — Mrs. C. Campbell, 192, Worples Road, Wimbledon. London, S.W. * De Y©N & eo.. ^ i_7, KI.\'(;'S CKi)SS ROAP>, LONDON, W.C, can offer the following : ' - * T;ime Rock Mynahs; t'.p los. each; .Avadavats, 15s. i)air ; see price lists for •i'arrots, tx)ckat?)OS, and Sent Canaries. ■ Claiu:, Miss L., The Hollies, Coonibe Laile, Wimbledon, London. Budgerigars, Blue x Green. * Chatthrton, Mrs. A., 11, Fairfield Road. Crouch End London, N., S Cockateels Budgerigars * Calvocoressi, p. J., Holme Hey, Croxteih Drive, Livcrpon!. Zebra Finches. * Marsden, J, F.Z.S., The. Bungalow, Banks Lane, Hcysham Harbour, Lanes * Baily, W., Shore. Bjoyers House, Westhury Wilts. Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. * Smith, J., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. Many-colour Parrakeets. * Pjthie, Miss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmoutn Zebra Finches. * Money, Sir L., The Grey House, Hampstead Lane, Highgate, London, N. 6 Swainson's Lorikeets (Prefers to exchange with members, but willing to sell). * MoNTEFioRE, Mrs. H. Sebag. F.ast Cliff Lodge, Ramsgate. Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. * Tracey, Mrs. A. L., Halsham, Teignmou.th, Devon, Zeb a Finches. It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register, and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Brv.'eJcrs may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the AUGUST, 1919. THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Notices to Members. SuHSCKiPTiONS.- — There arc still a few outsi.liuling. .also for llie second, instalmeiit of lOs. covering the increase of subscription for the current year. Will members kindly accept this notice and save tJic Club funds the Unncces- >nrv cost of ]iostal application? Thk .Macazini:.— Owing to landwork, and copy coming in late the hon. I'ditor has found it impossible to publish on time, but hopes shortly to reach the proper date of issue. Will members assist b\- sending in copy, so that he may have a choice of matter, ahead of timt^ for the respective issues. Nkw Memhkrs. — We want new members, and such are to be-obtained if all will assist in this matter. We urge this upon the attention of each individual member. We would remind members that there are no manage- ment expenses, but that the whole income is spent upon the Club Journal. Medals, etc. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. WESLEY T. PAGE. Hoti. Editor. ' ♦ Proposed for Election as Mem hers. Madam (i. Le'callier, Le Pavillion, St. Pierre-les-lilbcuf, France. By [)ecoH.v and flic Hon. Editor. New Member Elected. .Miss C. Ihodie, Stoke Lodge, London Road, (aiildford. Surrey Change and Corrections of Address. Mrs. I'.. G. Dewar-Murray, to Inchyre House, Lindores, Fifcshire. C. Harris, to \jy. King's Cross Road, London, W.C. Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N., page 98). • Indicates ability to supply as soon as \ oung are old enough to Lc moved • Thk Marqu;s of T.\visto(jk, Warblington House, Havant, Hants., 55 SEPTEMBER. 1919 THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Notices to Members. L.viK Lssuic'OF M.\(;.\ziNE : We much regret the late appearance ol this and recent issues, but a combination of cirmustance beyond the Editor's control has prevented an earlier appearance. Members can assist us in issuing nearer to-date by sending in articles at once. , We hope October issue will appear much nearer to time than this has. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. WTSLEY T. PAGE, //on. Editor. Deficit and Illustration Funds. These two funds need all the assistance niembers can give them. The coniniillcc gratefully acknowledge the following donations : £ s. d. Southcombe, S. L o lo o • Change and Corrections of Address. S. L. Southcombe. to Hill House, Stoke-under.-Ham, Somerset. Major A E. Snape, to Lower Hall, Mellor, Derbyshire. New Member Elected. Madam G. Lecallicr, Le Pavillion, S. Pierre-les-Ebeuf, France. Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N., page -oR). idicates ability to supply as soon as young are old enough to Le moved 11 K Marqujs of Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Harts.. 'Stanley Parrakeets. Aii.Y, \V., Shokk, Hovers House, Westbury, Wilts. Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves Conures Necklace Doves Diamond Doves 56 * I'lkgkss, Mus. M., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, R^Jand, Bristol. Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller, Lizard, and all good varieties )J Canaries. Claue, Miss L., The Hollies, Coon^lie Lane, Winiolcdon, London. Budgerigars. Blue x Green. * Chatterton, Mrs. A., 11, Fairfield Road. Croucli End London, N . H Cockatcels Budgerigars * Calvocoressi, p. J., Holme Hey, Croxteih Drive, Liverpool. Zebra Finches. * Marsden, J, F.Z.S., The Bungalow, Banks Lane, Heysham Harbour, Lanin Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. * Smith, J., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. Many-colour Parrakeets. * PiTHiE, Miss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmout.i Zebra Finches. * Money, Sir L., The Grey House, Hampstead Lane, Highgate, London, N.6 Swainson's Lorikeets (Prefers to exchange with members, but willing to sell). * MoNTEFioRE, Mrs. H. Sebag, East Cliff Lodge; Ramsgate. Green Budgerigars. Cockatcels. * Tracev, Mrs. A. L., Halsham, Teignmouth, Devon. Zebra Finches. It must be noticed, this is the' commencement of the above register, and that with the exception of the first named, these Clab Br<:eders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend Upon tlie season's successes ; but members may make prospectivv. bookings with them. All have pairs which have bred dtiring last and other seasons, and thus may "■easonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members will register as Club Breeders^ A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as jjossible. ^ 0 The Bird Market. Members' Rates : Four words a penny ; minimum f ourpence. Non- members ami displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent 10 ilie Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. MEMtBERS' SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS FOR SALE: Pairs. of Californian Quails; Diamond, Peaceful, and hybrid Necklace-Senegal Doves, all 40s. per pair ; also Zebra Finches, 20s. per pair. All bred here.— W. ShoreBaily, Boyers Hou.se,' Westbury, Wilts. FOR SALE: Blue Budgerigars £12 each; Green-Olives, £6 each; "Green Blue-bred Budgerigars, and lighter colour Olive-Greens.— -Madam G. Lecallier, 109, Rue de la Republique, Caudeberg-Les-Elbeuf, France. PRIVATE IMPORTATION: Avadavats, Indian Silverbills, Greater Racket- tailed Drongos, Wandering Tree-Pie, Pied Bush Chatj Orange-headed Ground Thrush, Indian Pitta,; Green-breasted Pitta.i Green Barbels, Crimson-breasted Barbet, Blue-throated Barbets. Due to arrive on or about October! 1st. Subject to live arrival.' — 'W. T. Page, Langstone, Lingfield, Surrey. WANTED : Hens, Shamah, Crimsor^-winged, and Barraband's Parrakeets, jacarine and Qierry Finches, Jackson's and Giant Whydahs. Rare Afcstralian finches and parrakeets. Pair Parson Fihches or P. personata. — A. Decoux, 7. Heathfield Road, Croydon. FOR SALE : Yorkshire Canaries, outdoor aviary-bred ; cocks in song, hens, or pairs ; very fine healthy birds, sell or exchange for fore'gn finches. — Mrs. Chatterton, 11, Fairfield Road, Crouch End, London, N. 8. .vS LIST OF COLOURED PLATES, which have appeared in Bird Notes, the Journal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanagcr Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager Cornish Chough Indian Roller Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan, Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory F lame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary Stellas' Lories Blue-billed Weaver Black and Yellow Creeper Uvasan Parrakeet Hunstein's Bird of Paradisft Blue Budgerigar Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly- catcher Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs.) - Blue and Black, and Vieillot's Tana- gers Jerdon's Greer Bulbul Malabar, and Jold-fronted Greer. Bulbuls Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtaine* from the Publisher. -<>- Price 1/6 each; except those marked * vi^hich are i/- each. Postage id. extra. I IT. IIEN.STOCK, Avi.^N Press, Ashbourne. Derrvsuirk. 59 OCTuBER. 1919 THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Notices to Members. IMPORTANT.— There are still a few who have not paid the current x-ear's subscription {due January ist, ipip), also a few others who have not remitted the extra los., forming the second half of this year's sub- scription. These members will greatly fussist our Hon. Sec. and Treasurer by kindly remitting these arrears at once — it is now quite late in the year and it is im'portant that all arrears should appear in the current year's accounts. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. ■ WESLEY T. PAGE, Hon. Editor. <> Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N., page 08). * Indicates ability to supply as soon as young are old enough to Lc moved. • Tmc Marqu/s of Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants., Stanley Parrakeets. ♦ B.VTLY, W., Shore, lioyers House, Westbury, Wilts. Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves Conures Necklace Doves Diamond Doves * BuKGKSS, Mrs. M., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, R^-.land Bristol. Blue Budgerigars Olive Budgerigars Blue-bred Budgerigars {from France) ' Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller, Lizard, and all good varieties )t Canaries. Ci.-\RK, Mis'; L., The Hollies, Coombe I-ane, Wimbledon, London, > • Budgerigars, Blue x Green. • CH.\TTEkTOK, Mrs. a., ti, Fairfield Road, Ci oiicli End l.ond(.'n, N S Cockateels Budgerigars 6o • Calvocoressi, p. J., Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. Zebra Finches. •» • Marsden, J, F.Z.S., The Bungalow, Banks Lane, Heysham Harbour, Lanci Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. • Smith, J., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. Many-colour Parrakeets. • PiTHiE, Miss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmouth Zebra Finches. • Money, Sir L., The Grey House, Hampstead Lane, Highgate, London, N.6 Swainson's Lorikeets (Prefers In exclinnge with memhers. hut willing to sell). • MoNTEFioRE, Mrs. H. Sebag, East Cliff Lodge, Ramsgate. Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. • Tracey, Mrs. A. L., Halsham, Teignmouth, Devon. Zebra Finches. It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register, and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Brv^eders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the season's successes ; but members may make prospectiv*. bookings with them. All have pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus may reasonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped manj' other members will register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as possible. 6i The Bird Market. , Members' Rates : Four words a penny ; minimum fourpencc. Non- members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent to the Hon. Editor by the 8th oif each month. MEMBERS' SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTft FOR SALE: Adult pair P.ronze-wing Pigeons £4. young ditto 50s.; adult pair Diamond Doves 50s. ; Zebra Finches 20s. pair : pair Yellow-shouldered Whydahs 50s. ; hybrid Goldfinch X Sikhim .Siskin 40s. — W. Shore Baily, Jjoyers House. Westbury, Wilts. FOR SALE : P.cautiful Raven, fine specimen. 50s. to good home. — Mrs. Dawson-Smith. Nash Rectory. Stony-Stratford, P>ucks. WANTED : Parrots and Parrakeets : Crimson-wing, hen; King, cock: Blue Bonnets, pair ; Bauer's, cock : Yellow-naped, hen : Barnard's, pair : Manv- coloured, pair: Black-headed Caiques, pair. FOR SALE : Blossom-head, cock. — Sir L. Money, PTighgate, London. N.6. PRIVATELY IMPORTED: Pied Bush-chat £5: Orange-headed Ground Thrush £c, ; Wandering Tree-Pie 90s. : all the above are hand-reared birds and cocks. Avadavats los. pair : Indian Silverbills 15s. pair. Acclimatised hen Scaly-breasted Lorikeet 50s. — W. T. Page. Langstone, Lingfield, Surrey. FOR SALE : Handsoine Red-billed Weavers, in full colour, 7s. 6d. ; Russ" Weavers ids. each : Avadavat.^, out of colour, 8s. 6d. pa'r, full colour I2S. 6d. pair. African birds and Budgerigars due this week (October loih). Carriage and Cages is. — DeVon and Co.. 127, King's Cross Road, London, W.C. 62 LIST OF COLOURED PLATES. which have appeared in Bird Notes, the Journal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager Cornish Chough Indian Roller. Blue-tailed FrCRt-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Conure Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting ' Black-winged Lory Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary Stellas' Lories Blue-billed Weaver Black and Yellow Creeper Uvasan Parrakeet Hunstein's Bird of Paradisft Blue Budgerigar l^oo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly- catcher Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes Fairy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finche*. Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Blue and Black, and Vieillot's Tana- gers Jerdon's Green Bulbul Malabar, and ;'l old-fronted Green Bulbuls Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtaine'l from the Publisher, Price 1/6 each, except those . marked * which are i/- each. Postage id. extra. -<>- I H. HENSTOCJC, Avian Press, Ashbourne, Derbyshire. ^3 NOVEMBER. 191S. THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUS Notices to Members. Election of Council : The Hon. Mary C. Ilawke, Dr. Easton- Scott, and Dr. P. Gosse wish to retire from the Council, and we suggest that : Major A. E. Snape. K.A.F. H. G. The Duchess of Wellington Lieut. G. E. Rattigan be elected to fill the vacancies. We would point out that any member has the right to nominate any other member for the Council, and also to volunteer to serve thereupon. i\ny such nomination must reach the Hon. Secretary not later than Dec. loih. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, lion. Sec. ami Ticasun-t. \\I-:SLI;Y T. PAGI-:. Unn. Editor. — 0 Changes and Corrections of Address. E. ITopxinson, D.S.O., to Bathurst, Gambia, West Africa. ]. W'nlmsley, to " Dalecot." Si. Annes-on-Sea. H. E. Bright, to Woolton Tower, Woolton, Liveriiool. Proposed for Election as Members. R. H. Carr, Nant-y-Glyn, Windsor Avenue, Leicester. R. W. Davey, 33 St. Liike's Road, Totterdown, Bristol. R. Cade, Baytree Cottage, Southgalc, London, N. By S. IVLiiaius, F.Z.S. Lieut. H. R. Young, 76 Mitcham Lane, Streatham, London. S.W. 16. By the Hon. Editor and Mrs. Chatterton. J. Edwards, 1224 East 43rd Street, Los Angeles, Califortiia, U.S.A. D. S. Vermillion, u Chester Place, Los Angeles, California, LT.S.A. By L. F. M. IViUiamson. M. Pettigrew, 6 Fifth Avenue, Kelvinside, Glasgow, W. « Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vi^e B.N., page 98). • Indicates ability to supply as soon as young are old enough to Le moved. • The Marqu;s of Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants., Stanley Parrakeet*. • Baily. W., Shore, lioyers House, Westbury, Wilt.s. Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves Ccnures Necklace Doves Diamond Doves • DuROESS, Mrs. M., King-swcir, 5::, Clarendon Road, R^-land Bristol. Blue Budgerigars Olive Budgerigars Blue-bred Budgerigars (from France) Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller, Lizard, and all good varieties >f Canaries. Clakk, Miss L., The Hollies, Coombe Lane, Wininledon, Loiulon. Budgerigars, Blue x Green. • CiiATTERTON, Mrs. A., II. Fairfield Road. Crouch End London, N., S Corknti-rls Bn(!gcn;;ars • Calvocoressi, p. J., Holme Hey. Cro^teth Drive, Livcri)onl. 7ebm Finclies. I • Marsden, J, F.Z.S., The Bungalow,' Banks Lane, Heysham Harbour, Lanes Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. • Smith, J., Woodlands. Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. Many-colour Parrakeets. • PiTHiE, Miss D., 68, Ckrendon Road, Southsea, Portsmouth. Zebra Finches. • Money, Sir L., The Grey House, Hampstead Lane, Highgate, London, N.6 Swainson's Lorikeets (Prefers to exchange with members, but • willing to sell). • MoNTEFiORE, Mrs. H. Sebag, East Clifif Lodge, Ramsgate. Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. • Tracey, Mrs. A. L., Halsham, Teignmouth, Devon. • Zebra Finches. It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above register, and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Br»;eders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon th« season's successes; but members may make prospectivt. bookings with them. All have pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus may '•easonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members will register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue will be issued as early as possible. ^•5 The Bird Market. Members' Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourponce. Non- members and displayed rates on application. Advertisements sliould be sent to the Hon. Editor bv tlie 8th of each month. MEMBERS' SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTft WWNTED : Parrots and Parrakeets : Crimson-wing, hen; King,' cock; Blue Bonnets, pair; Bauer's, cock; Yellow-naped, hen; Barnard's, pair; Many- coloured, pair ; Black-headed Caiques, pair. FOR SALE : Blossom-head, cock. — Sir L. Money, Highgate, London, N.6. PRIY.\TELY IMPORTED: King Vulture (Otogyps calvus ) ; pair Bengal I'ied Hornbills (Anthrococeros aibirostris), hand-reared ; Bengal Eagle- Owl (Bubo bengalensis); Wandering Tree-Pie {Dendrocitta riifa); Cattle Egrets (Bubuletts corontandus) ; Jungle Mynahs (ALthiospar fusctis); Grey-headed Mynah (Stnrnia malabarica) ; Avadavats ; Indian Silverbills; Greater Button Quail ; and Argoondah Quail. Also Scaly-breasted Lorikeet. — W. T. Page, Langstone, Lingfield, Surrey. WANTED to exchange supposed hen Red-vented Bulbul for cock ; also also wanted hen Shama and rare British birds.- — Capt. J. S. Reeve, Leadenham House. Lincoln. FOR SALE : An adult cock Red-rump, in perfect condition, in unheated outdoor aviary, 3 guineas. WANTED : A talking Parrot, as pet for matron of Military Hospital ; also an adult hen Cockateel, proved breeder. — Mrs. Travis, Pedmore Grange, Stourbridge, Worcs. FOR SALE : True Persian Bulbul, a lovely singTer, price 30s. — ^^'Irs. E. G. Davies, St. Ann's, Tintern, Chepstow. WANTED : Copies of Aviaries and ATiary Life. — W. T. Page. Langstone. Lingfield, Surrey. FOR SALE : Handsome Red-billed Weavers, in full colour, 5s. 6d. each ; Russ' Weavers, 7s. 6d. each ; Wliydahs in full colour, i6s. per pair, out of colour, 6s. 6d. ; Combasous, 6s. 6d. pair ; Silverbills, 8s. 6d. ; Cutthroats, 15s. ; Bishops, los. ; Cardinals, 15s. each ; Budgerigars, 15s. pair ; Amazon Parrots, Cockatoos, Parrakeets, Conures, Monkeys, Baboons; see price list. Carriage and Cages is. — De Von and Co., 127 King's Cross Road. London, W.C. (,6 LIST OF COLOURED PLATES. which have appeared in Bird Notes, the Journal of the Club. Gold and Green Tanager Orange-flanked Parrakeet Vinaceous Firefinch Yellow Sparrow Three-coloured Tanager Cornish Chough Indian Roller Blue-tailed Fruit-Pigeon Black-backed Tanager Golden-crowned Cuiuire Senegal Parrot Sepoy Finch Waxwing Gouldian Finch Bronze Cuckoo Superb Tanager Haw-headed Parrot Group of Spermophila Green-billed Toucan Yellow-winged Sugarbird Blue, and Maroon Tanagers Colombian and Hooded Siskins Mexican or Green Jay Black-cheeked Tanager Violet or Dusky Parrot Painted Finch Great or Giant Barbet Cuban Trogan Rainbow Bunting Black-winged Lory Flame-breasted Flower-pecker. A Beautiful Aviary Stellas' Lories Blue-billed Weaver Black and Yellow Creeper Uv^an Parrakeet Hunstein's Bird of Paradisft Blue Budgerigar Loo Choo Robin Purple Sunbird and Great-billed Fly- catcher Queen Alexandra Parrakeet Crimson-ringed Whydah Indian White-eyes I'airy Blue-Bird Blue-rumped Parrot Melba, and Red-faced Finches. Red-breasted Flycatcher Large Niltava Red-spotted Conure Parrot Finches (7 figs.) Blue and Black, and Vieillot's Tana- gers Jerdon's Green^ulbul Malabar, and Gold-fronted Green Bulbuls Red-billed Blue-Pie Red-tailed Muila Brown-backed Robin Sunbirds Any of the above, mostly hand-coloured, Plates can be obtaine«! from the Publisher. Price 1/6 each, except those marked* which are i/- each. Postage id. extra. J H. HENSTOCK, Avian Press, Ashbourne, Derbyshire. DECEMBER. 1919. THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB. Notices to Members. Ei-ECTiON OK Council : No other nominations hav'ng- been received. H.G. The Duchess of Wehington, Maj. A. E. Snape, and Capt. G. E. Rattigan have been duly elected to serve on the Council for 1920. Our Journal : As we have pointed out elsewhere in this issue, contributors to the Club Journal have been less in numbers during th's year than in the past ; for this, war and armistice times, and the paucity of birds, may be a very good reason : at the same time ,we would strongly point out that, if Bird Notes is to maintain its standing as a record of the doings of b'rds in our members' aviaries, as well as dealing with the wild-life of Foreign and British avifauna, there must be an increased number of contributors of copy. Varied contributors mean varied contents and a continuity of interest in the Club Journal, and we strongly press this point upon our members. There are many pre-war Reminiscences, and Breeding Records that have never been published, and we urge our members to assist the Hon. Editor bv sending such articles in. Members residing abroad are also strongly urged tci send in. Field-Notes of the birds of their locality, also notice' of the aviculture of the country they reside in ; all such would prove intensely interesting to all our readers, and we feel assured members only need a reminder to assist on some such lines as ^bove indicated. SIDNEY WILLIAMS, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer. WESLEY T. PAGE. Hon. Editor. ■^ Proposed for Election as Members. Mons. Jean Delacour, 28 Rue de Madrid VIIIe, Paris, France; By Dr. M. Amsler and the Hon. Editor. T. H. Few. Hyde House. Hart Hill, Luton. Beds. ; By T. Hebb. New Members Elected. R. H. Carr, Nant-y-Glyn, Windsor Avenue. Leicester. R. W. Davey, 33 St. Luke's Road. Totterdown, Bristol. R. Cade. Baytree Cottage. Sowthgate. London, N. Lieut. H. R. Yoimg. 76 Mitcham Lane, Streatham, London, S.W. 16. J. Edwards, 1224 East 43rd Street, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. D. S. Vermillion, 11 Chester Place, Los Angeles, California, U.S.A. M. Pettigrew, 6 Fifth Avenue. Kelvinside, Glasgow. 68 Register of Club Breeders. (For regulations vide B.N., page 98). I -!'-;.. es ability to supply as soon as young are old enough to Le moved. • The Marqujs of Tavistock, Warblington House, Havant, Hants.. Stanley Parrakeets. • Daily, W., Shore, Boyers House, Westbury, Wilts. Rosella Parrakeets Bronze-wing Doves Stanley Parrakeets Brush Bronze-wing Doves Conures Necklace Doves Diamond Doves • Burgess, Mrs. M., Kingsweir, 52, Clarendon Road, R^-land Bristol. Blue Budgerigars ' Olive Budgerigars Blue-bred Budgerigars (from France) Green (Blue-bred) Budgerigars Green Budgerigars Yellow Budgerigars Finest Singing strain Roller, Lizard, and all good varieties >t Canaries. Clare, Miss L., The Hollies, Cooinbe Lane. Winioledon, London. Budgerigars, Blue x Green. • Chatterton. Mrs. A., it, Fairfield Road, Crouch End London. N., 8 Cockateels Budgeric^rs ••Calv«coressi, P. J., Holme Hey, Croxteth Drive, Liverpool. Ztbrn Finches. • Marsden, J, F.Z.S., The Bungalow, Banks Lane, Heysham Harbour, Lanes Blue-bred Green Budgerigars. • Money, Sir L., The Grey House, Hampstead Lane, Highgate, London, N.6 Swainson's Lorikeets (Prefers to exchange with members, but willing to sell).' • Montefiore, Mrs. H. Sebag, East Cliff Lodge, Ramsgate. Green Budgerigars. Cockateels. • Pithie, Miss D., 68, Clarendon Road, Southsea, Portsmouth. Zebra Finches. 09 • Smith, ]., Woodlands, Kendal. Stanley Parrakeets. Many-colour Parrakeets. • TRACtY, Mrs. A. L., Halsham, Teignmouth, Devon. Zebra Finches. It must be noticed, this is the commencement of the above fegister, and that with the exception of the first named, these Club Brv.'eders may not have adult stock to dispose of, and that their supplies will mainly depend upon the season's successes; but members may make prospective bookings with them. All have pairs which have bred during last and other seasons, and thus may '•easonably be expected to do so again. It is hoped many other members will register as Club Breeders. A descriptive catalogue ^iH be issued as early as ;>ossible, O The Bird Market. Members' Rates: Four words a penny; minimum fourponce. Non- memljers and displayed rates on application. Advertisements should be sent to the Hon. Editor by the 8th of each month. MEMBERS' SALES, EXCHANGES, AND WANTS WANTED : Parrots and Parrakeets : Crimson-wing, cock ; Blue Bonnets, pair; Bauer's, cock; Yellow-naped, hen; Barnard's, pair; Many-coloured, pair ; Black-headed Caiques, pair. FOR SALE : Blossom-head, cock.— Sir L. Money, Highgate, London, N., 6. PRIVATELY IMPORTED : King Vulture (Otygyps calvus). Bengal Eagle-Owl (Bubo hengalcnsis). Wandering Tree-Pie (Dendrocitta rufa). * Cattle Egrets (RubuJeus coromandus). * Jungle Mynahs (JEthiospar fuscus). * Grey-headed Mynahs (Poliopsar malabarica). Pair Adjutant Storks (Liptoptilus javantcus). * Ruddy Shelducks (Casarca rutila). Blue-cheeked Barbets (Cyanops asiafica). Gold-fronted Fruitsuckers (Chloropsis aurifrons). * Re!-whiskcrc'd Bullnils (Otocompsa cmcria). * Red-vented Bulbuls (Molpastes bcngalensis). White-backed \^ulture (Pscudogyps bengalensis). * Bengal Black Bulbul (Pycnonotiis pygaeus). "* Can be supplied in true pairs ; others cannot be guaranteed male and female, but every precaution will be taken to prevent error. All in good health aiid mostly in good plumage. — W. T. Page, Langstone, Lingfield, Surrey. WANTED to exchange : Supposed hen Red-vented Bulbul for cock. Also viranted hen Shama and rare British Birds. — Capt. J. S. Reeve, Leadenham House, Lincoln. FOR SALE: Breeding pair Swainson's Lorikeets, .-£10; brc^eding cock Red-rump, £2 15s. : Rare New Guinea Starling. — Miss Clare. " The Hollies," Coombe Lane, Wimbledon, S.W. FOR SALE: Handsotne Red-billed Weavers, in full colour, 4s. each; Russ' Weavers 5s. 6d. each ; Silverbills 8s. 6d. ; Siskins ; Bishops 7s 6d. ; Budgeri- gars. 15s. pair; finger-tame Tuis, and Canary-wing Parrakeets, 25s. each; Amazon Parrots, Cockatoos, Parrakeets, Couures, Goldfish ; see price list. Carriage and Cages is. 6d. — De Von and Co., 127 King's Cross Road, London, W.C. Oe Y©N & eo.. 127. KING'S CROSS ROAD, LONDON, W.C, can offer the following : Tame Rock Mynahs, £4 los. each; Avadavats, 15s. pair; see price lists for Parrots, Cockatoos, and Senegal IMrds ; Squirrels fyoung) 20s. each ; Cavies, 30s. and 48s. dozen ; Goldfish, 30s. dozen ; Shoveller Drakes. Teal, and Garganj', is. each ; Heron, . 15s. ; Cormorants, 15s. ; Little Bittern, 25s. each; Rabbits, 24s. dozen; Coloured Mice,, 6s. 6d. dozen; Insectivorous food, qd. and 3s. 6d. dozen; Cuttlefish, 6d. and is. lb.; Ants' Eggs, 6s. lb. ; Dried Flies, 3s. lb. ; Yolk of Eggs, 3s. 6d. lb. ; Sunflower Seed, lod. lb. I IVl PORTA INT. <>^"f^ ALTERATION OF RULES. In consequence of the* increased cost of i)roducmg Bird NoTEs.^even in its present reduced form, the present annual subscription, of Ten SHILLINGS does not provide a tvorking income, never did in pre-war times, and under present conditions n substantial increase of^ the annual sitbscription becomes an absolute necessity, for the increased charges are not Hkely to be materially reduced in the near future, while the increased labour charges of printing, etc., ■will certainly be permanent. We would remind members that they are at Hberty to express an opinion in " B,X." correspondence section re above and the alterations given below, also that the selling price of every periodical weekly or monthly has been double that of pre-war times for months past, and much, as we regret taking this step, no other course is possible, for, we repeat, ten shillings per year never anything like met our expenses' even in pre-war times. The alterations proposed are : (i) That the annual subscription be twenty shillings, and that new members pay an entrance fee»of five shillings. (2) That this change date from January ist.; 1919 (members to remit the balance of this year's^ subscription on June 30th next), and be for a period of three- ykars. by the end of which things will have become settled, and the matter of amount of subscription can then be re-opened and the question finally settled on a permanent basis. (.3) Re colouredplafes: In pre-war times six (6) cost from £90 to £roo, rwzv they w^ould cost at least 30 to 45 per cent, more, and it is not proposed to renew coloured plates till our income provides for such in advanc?. These alterations have been transmitted to the Council per post, but only thirteen replies are as yet to hand, eleven of which give their decision without reservation in favour of the above alteration to rules, and two sign against. ' In our next issue full figures of the voting of the Council will be given; buf the issue before members is clearly :" either an nicrease of sitbscription as above, or ceasing to iss,ue Bird XoTKs ! For your officers cannot, and zvill not. continue indefi- nitely the sending out of deficit appeals as in the past. For the Council, WESLEY T. PAGE, . SIDNEY Williams: JANUJiaY; 1919. I Vol. 11. No. 1. Price 1%. Ai\AadJ Sahscriphor^ I S fo A07\~r^en\hers,J BIRD NOTES The Q/otrpi\^] ^o/^ THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Wesley T. Pcx^e, F.Z.S.ek. 'Ae^ d/iou?' J-Zie 15^ o/^ encA mon/'K^ ^"J^W- ASHBOURNE. PHnted and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, CONTENTS. The Magpie Tanager By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., etc. Aviary Note's from the United States ... By W. H. Browning. Whitc-chceked Honcysucker By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., etc. iustralian Finches in California By J. F. Goytino. Book Notices and Reviews By C. W. Beebe. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity By Dr. E. HoPKiNsoN, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. Editorial. Correspondence. — Bloodstained Finch — Greenfinch Hybrid. Inset. w. : a POST MORTEM REPORTS. <-M^ tftiBpeadecl for the present. Will be resnmed ai soon at a Bn< '•or can be found to Mr. Gray. Series 111. FEBRUARY, 1019. m ^^^, •^S>^ '■%: &. ?:^^ %M N§>^ .«-^^ $^ 'm:. ^^ ..^: .^ ^^ i^ iJ^i: ^^^ ^V^f All Rid Kls Reserved. Price l'^. Ai\r\ai)J S'ahscriptror^ II S A? A07\~Jwen\Bers, \- .^ \ vV, ^ ,\ \ 77 ii' >W\v i".»' BIRD NOTES THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Wesley T. Pexge, F.Z.SeVc, PaSh'sAe^ ejiou)- Me 15^ o/^ ed^eA monA-K^ fe'i ASHBOURNE. PMnt0d and Published by J. H. Henstook, Avian PreK, CONTENTS. ■Grass finches By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., etc. .S 0)110 Notes on Keeping Parrakeets By The Marquis of Tavistock. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity By F. HoPKiNSON, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. The Endurance of Birds By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., etc. ■Small Birds' Struggles Reprinted from The Times. The Grey Warbler By J- Drummond, F.L.S.. F.Z.S. Obituary. Inset. POST MORTIM REPORTS. ♦♦-♦-O- Hciipeaded for the present. IVIll be returned ai Boon %* a m can be found to Mr. Qt^j. Series III. MARCH, 1019. Vol. II. No. 5. All Rid Kls Reserved. Price Ye. Ar\T\aeJ Suhscn'ph'or^ NOTES 7/Se (JovpimJ ^o/^ THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Wesley T. Pex^e, F.Z.S.eW. ASHBOURNE. PHntitf and Published by J. H. Henstoek, Avian Pr«M« CONTENTS. 0 The Aviaries and Birds at Ewhurst Park *. By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., ETC. Breeding the Golden-Breasted Waxhill By Lucy Button. Some Notes on Keeping Parrakeets ... By The Marquis of Tavistock. The Lavender Finch By Andrew Philip. The Endurance of Birds By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., etc. Creen Singing Finch x Goldfinch Hybrids ... By Miss R. Alderson. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity ... By Dr. E. HoPKiNsoN, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. A Bird Collector's Wanderings ... By Gregory M. Mathews. A Bird and Rat Fight Reprinted from Yorkshire Post. Correspondence. — Small Bird Struggles — Too Many Birds of Prey. Inset. POST MORTEM REPORTS. Ifnipeaded for the present. Will be reanmed ai non •■ m rac •or ean be found to Mr. Gray. MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. 0-M^> Annual Bubscriptions to Memberi lOs., dfue on tbe lit January In each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.8., Oakleigh 110, Birerway, Palmers Green, London, N., It All MSS. for publication in Bird Notai, and Books for Reyiaw, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for " The Bird Market," and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to tbe Hon. Editor^ W. T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to th» following gentlemen : Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.S.^ Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., " Langstone," LingiPield, Surrey. All Lcttirt raftrring to th« abovt , Idantifloation of birds, att., must contain a stamped addressed envelope for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOOK^ " Arian Preaa," Market Place, Aihboume, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MS8., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasiiii^ the number of plates, othbT than the regular income of Club the providea for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object bj the Hon. Treasurer. 4ny member not receiving Bird Notaa by the 20th of eaoh monlli ahould at ansa write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready. Cases 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume complete for 48. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF " BIRD NOTES." <>^-f<> Volume 1, is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associatev (each) 21 O Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 10 0 To Others 15 0 Volumes VI., VII, and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 15 0 To Others 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 •> To Others 23 0 Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price 2s. 3d. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,!, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher, 28. 3d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, " Avian Press," Ashbourne; will be plensed to Bind Members' Copies at 4s. 9d., including: Cover and return postage. SPECIES tie' Reared Young and HYBRIDS ^alt Been Bred in Capti\ity in Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. ILLUSTRATKl). IN 1 ERLEAVEl). IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8vo 3s. 6d.. Net. By Post 3s. lOd, ■T. U. HbNSTOCK " ThB ATIAN PkEBS," A. Volume 1.. is out of print. Volunies II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associates* ^each) 21 0 Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 10 0 To Others 15 0 Volumes VI., VII., find VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 15 0 to Others 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 ft To Others 23 0 Oaaea for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price 28. 3d. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher, 2s. 3d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, " Avian Press," Ashbourne; will be pleased to TJind Memhprs' Copies at 4s. 9d., including Cover nnd return postage. SPECIES tlf Reared Young and HYBRIDS tit Been Bred in Capti\ity in Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. ILLUSTRATED. INTERLEAVED. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8vo 3s. 6d.. Net. By Post 3s. lOd. •T. H. Henbtock "Thk Avian Press," Asubourmi MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. <>^-K^ Annuml Subscriptions to Members lOs., due on tJie Ist January in each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.S., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., IS All MSS. for px^blication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for " The Bird Market/* and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to th« following gentlemen : Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.8., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, FrugivorouB, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All Letters referring to the above, identification of birds, etc., must contain • penny stamp for reply. All appUcations for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, S.W All other Correspondence, Chpnges of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOOK, " Arian Press/' Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MS8., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H Hen STOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, othtr than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each monttk should at once write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready. Cases 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume complete for 4s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Cases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF "BIRD NOTES." <^^-f O Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associatev (each) \ 21 O Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 10 (V To Others 15 ') Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with H and-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 15 0 To Others 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 8- To Others 23 0 Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price 2s. 3d. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,!, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher, 2s. 3d. poet free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, "Avian Press," Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members' Copies at 4s. 9d.. including ('over and return postage. SPECIES tit Reared Young and HYBRIDS tlf Been Bred in Capfcnity in Great Britain. HV WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. iLi,rsiKA'ri;i>. in ikulkavki;. IN CLO'J'H. MJ:I>IIIM 8vo 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. lOd. 1 li Hkn-i ' w I'<" Avian Pkes.-^,"' Asiihourni Series III ""^^^hM^' Vol il No. 4. NOTES THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Wesley T. Pzv^e, F.Z.S.e^c Ae^ exiou)- /Ae J5^ o/^ eixcA monAK^ ASHBOURNE. Phinted and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, CONTENTS. A Calif orniaii Aviary and its Inmates, By F. F. M. Williamson 7" /; (' Terror by Night By B. Th'eo. Stewart Records of Birds zvliich have bred ill Captivity ... Bv Dr. E. HoPKiNsoN, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. Some Notes on Keeping Parrakeets ... Bv the Marquis of Tavistock. Partridges and Quails of North America ... By J. P. Goytij^o. • Book Notices and Revieius. Correspondence — Early Appearance of Wood Warbler. Inset. POST MORTEM REPORTS. -OhM-^ Hnipeaded for the proBeot. Will be reflamed ai rnxm %m a tv «or ean be found to Mr. Gray. Series III. MAY, 1910. Vol. II. No. 5. Price Y6. Ar\T\a&J Suhscnphro/K BIRD NOTES The o/otipiytJ ^o/^ THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Edited Q^y^ Wesley T. Pev^e, F.Z.S.e^c, 6)/'sAe^ sj^u?- Me 15^ o/^ es^cA mon/'K^ ASHBOURNE. PHnted and Published by J. H. Henstook, Avian Press, OAfTENTS. Some Notes on Keeping Parrakeets ... By the Marquis of Tavistock. IVagtails at Roost (sotli March, 1919) ... By Hugh Whistler, LP., F.Z.S., ETC. .1 Calif oniian Aviary and its Inmates, By F. F. M. Williamson The Endurance of Birds By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., etc. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity ... By Dr. E. HoPKiNsoN, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. A Country Garden By F. R. Editorial. Correspondence — Spring Migrants in Essex; Spring Arrivals at New Millford, Hants; Increase of Subscription, Etc.: Curious Attachment between Cock Parrakeets; Budgeri- gars and Their Colour Varieties. Book Notices and Reviews. Inset. POST MORTEM REPORTS. ^-^ Members are requested to send the extra 10/- to balance this year to the Hon. Treasurer forthwith. Members who have not yet paid any sub- scription this year, are requested to send the full amount 20/-, as early as possible, to the Hon. Treasurer, S. WILLIAMS, Oakleigh, 110 River way. Palmer's Green, London, N., 13. 3 lUB Wesley T. Pa^e, F.Z.S.ek, •M a^tfA/fe J5^ 2/^ ebcA monf-K^ ASHBOURNE. PMnted and Published by J. H. Henstoek, Avian Pra«», CONTENTS, Some Notes on Keeping Parrakeets ... By the Marquis of Tavistock. IVagtails at Roost (soth March, 1919) ... By Hugh Whistler, LP., F.Z.S.,ETC. .1 Calif ornian Aviary and its Inmates, By F. F. M. Williamson The Endurance of Birds By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., etc. Records of Birds which have bred in Cai>tivit'^f "D" t-^- t- HOPKINSON, A Country Garden Editorial. Correspondence — at New Millf Curious Atta gars and The Book Notices and H Inset. POST MORTEM REPORTS. d m o\. All Rid K>s Reserved. Price 1'^» AnnaeJ Sahscriph'or^ Z fo A07\-iweT?\i>eps, BIRD ^',.Vu,^\, ^\^ NOTES THE, FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Wesley T. Pe^^e, F.Z.S.ek. v\\\ ^Z,'// ^/^ PaiVsAe^ aSoiJ- //« /SH^^encA /nenAJi^ im ifeh ASHBOURNE. PMnted and Published by J. H. Henstook, Avian Press, CONTENTS. jc^iS In ihc Bayers House Aviaries By W, Shore Baily. Some JSlotcs on Keeping Parrakeets ... Bv Thk Marquis ok Tavistock. Thrush-Blackbird Hybrids Bv Uko. Ckabb. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity By Dr. E HoPKiNsox, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. Dark Bluniages of Zebra Finches Bv R. Suggitt. The Endurance of Birds Bv Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., etc. F.ditorial. The Richmond Herons Reprinted from The Times. 77/r Question of Amalgamation. ' Inset. POST MORTEM REPORTS. 0-^^^ l»aBp«uded for ike pr«MBt. Will b« reitinad ai mob •■ a ■«< oan bo found to Mr. Qnf. MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. — ->^"K> Annu»l Subioriptions to M«mberf 2Mi., 4a« •n %h* 1st January in each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.S., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., IS All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Reviaw, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for " The Bird Markat," «nd claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to th« following gentlemen : Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.S., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and - Small Seed-eating Bjrds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All Letters referring to ttie alMve, IdentiAcation of birdi, 9U^ must contain a stamped addressed envelope for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be eent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigb. 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HBN8T00K, *' Ariftn Press," Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom »11 ordoni for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. Ail correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HEN8T0CK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, oth^r than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object bj the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiring Bird NotM by the SOih of eaoh monlh •honld •! one* write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINOINQ COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready. Cases 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume complete for 48. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Glab Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF " BIRD NOTES. " Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associates leacli) 21 O Volumes IV and V. with HaM-coloured Plates : — To Members and A.ssociates (each) 10 0 To Others 15 0 Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates : — To Members and Associates (each) 15 0 To Others 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 t To Others 23 0 Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be h«d^ price 2s. 9d. po.st i'ltv. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to he obtained from the Publisher. 2s. 9d. post free. The Publislier, J. H. Henstock. "Avian Press," Ashboiirne ; will be pleased to Bind Members' Copies at 4s. 9d.. including Cover and return postage. SPECIES tie' Reared Young and HYBRIDS tit Been Bred in Captivity in Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. ILLUSTRATED INTP:RLEAVED. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8vo 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. lOd. J. H. HBNiTOCK. 'Thk Avian Press," Asubouknb MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. C-^"f<> Annual Subscriptions to Members ?0s., dne on the 1st January tn each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.S., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., IS All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for " The Bird Market," and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., etc., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the following gentlemen : Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.S., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All Letters referring to the above, identifioation of birds, ete^ must contain a stamped addressed envelope for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOOK, *' Arian Press," Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the pubUsher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, otht-r than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each monUi should at onoe write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case ia Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready. Cases 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume •complete for 48. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Cases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF " BIRD NOTES." <»^0: Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains oply a few copies; to . Members and Associate* (eac'i) 21 0 Volumes IV and V. with HaM-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 10 0 To Others r 15 0 Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 15 0 To Others 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes IT. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 5 To Others 23 0 Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, pvii-e 2,s. 9d. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher, 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, "Avian Press," Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members' Copies at 4s. 9d., including Cover and return postage. SPECIES tlf Reared Young and HYBRIDS t.t Been Bred in Capti\ity in Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged, according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. I I.LUSTRA IKl). IN I'KRLEA VEI). IN (LO'I'II. :\[El)ir.M ,Sv() 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. lOd. 1 1! lihNM ' K I'll' Avian I'iik^s." Ashiun knk MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. <-^-H> Annual Subscriptions to Members 10s., due on the let January in each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.S., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., 18 All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for ReTiew, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for " The Bird Market/* *nd claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., etc., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should lie sent to tha following gentlemen : Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.S., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., " Langstone," Lingfield, 8urrey. All Letters referring to the above, Identifioation of birds, oto.^ fliust contain a stamped addressed envelope for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. 8. M. T0WN8END, 3, Swift Street, Fulhara, London, S.W All other Correspondt^nce, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh, 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOCK, " Avian Press," Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasinx the number of plates, othtr than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. ' Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each montk should at onoe write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready. Cases 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume complete for 4s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF "BIRD NOTES." -<-M->— - Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains oi'ly a few copies; to Members and Asfiooiates* teac'.i; 21 0 Volumes IV and V. with HaM-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 10 0 To Othera 15 0 Volumes VI., VII., and VJII., with Hand-coloured Plates : To Members :and AssoQiates (each) 15 0 To Others ^ ' / '\ ".2'...,.': 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume T., out of print. Volumes 11. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 9 Toothers .....i...... *.......-. 23 0 Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, S, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price '2s. !)(!. jxist free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3^ 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained" from iiu' l'ul>lis!icr, 2s. 9d. post freo. The Publisher, .1. H. Henstock, "Avian Press," Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members' Copies at 4s. 9d., including Cover and return postage. SPECIES tif Reared Young and HYBRIDS I'ait Been Bred in Capi-ivity in Great Britain. HV WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. 11,1,1 ^ I !;.V iri) INTRRLEAVl^). IN CLOTH. MEDIUM - 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. lOd. I II :ilN^l;> K rw-; Avian 1'kkss," AsiinorRNE Series JULY, 1919. Vol II No 7. %^ ^r. 'S, .\ 'c--. ^--4: '^g.^^^ W:^ L^' f^ ^^ ^l ,<^. ^\< tt hs Reserved. Price 1"^. AnAatJ SuLscrjpt/07\ ^^. BIRD NOTES 7/Sc (JoupiszJ ^o/^ THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Wesley T. Pej^e, F.Z.S.eH^ ih\ ') AAr^ V^j ASHBOURNE. PMnted and Published by J. H. Henstook, Avian PrMs, C6i\iTENTS. <- Xotcs on the Great-billed Farrakeet By The Marquis of Tavistock. Rcnunisccnccs By Capt. L. Lovell-Keays, R.A.M.C, F.Z.S. The Endurance of Birds By Wesley T. Page. F.Z.S. , M.B.O.U. i:tc. Some Notes on Keeping Parrakccts By The Marquis of Tavistock, Norfolk Plover in India ... By H. Whistler, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. Records of Birds which have Bred in Captivity By Dr. E. HoPKiNSON, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. Birds and Peace By P. Gosse, M.D., R.A.M.C, etc. The Question of Amalgamation. Book Notices and Revieivs. Inset. POST MORTEM REPORTS. <-M^ ttaspeaded for the present. Will be returned at soon »i a tni «or can be found to Mr. Graj. I Series iii. AUGUST. 1919. Vol. II No. 8„ The ofotipn^l ^o/^ THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Wesley T. Pev^c, F.Z.S.e^cv. ASHBOURNE. Phinted and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, CONTENTS. <- The Excellent Swai>iso)Ts Lorikeet By Sir Leo Chiozza Money RcuTniisccnces Bv Dr. Lovell-Kkavs, F.Z.S. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity By Dr. E. HoPKiN.soN, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. SoDie Notes on Keeping Parrakeets Bv The Marquis of Tavistock. Birds and Peace By Capt. J. S. Reeve, G.G. The Birds of a Surrey Smallholding ... By Wesley T. Page, I'.Z.S'., M.B.O'U., Etc. Editorial. Book Notices and Rcviezus. I % Inset. POST MORTEM REPORTS. <^4-^^ fcJtiBpeaded for the present. Will be resumed as soon as a suoom- «or can be found to Mr. Gray. Series III SEPTEMBER, 1919. Vol il No. &. .^'T' \y"^ -i^^m^. »•;?.•/? ^^S X?- vf^^ 1' ■, >4M 'C"-^, ^ ,>^ &Ji; ~f ^^ ^^ i'^i It ,/>.'/ ;.> W.Vv^ I '7/ > . .1 '','. i'S Reserved. S k>.i. _ Price I'fe, AnnaeJ Suhscrfphoi^ m fo AoT\~r^eiT\i>ers, /5^- BIRD NOTES the: FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Edited ohy^ Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S.d*., Pa6)/sAg& gk&ju^ //e 15^ sp^" etye/i rnon^K^ \hi %\ I ASHBOURNE. PMntttf and Published by J. H. HMisteek, Avian PrMt, CONTENTS. Reminiscences ETC. By Dr. Lovell-Keavs, F.Z.S. The lindiirancc of Birds By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity By Dr. E. HoPKiNSON, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. The Excellent Swainson's Lorikeet By Sir Leo Chiozza Money Aiifiini)! in the Aviary By Wesley T. Tage, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. .4 Tal's Aviaries By R. Suggitt. SeaiuTniavian Game Birds ... Reprinted from " The Times." .4 Flu mage Episode of the Common Pheasant By Wesley T. J'age, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. Nest-Boxes for Bird Protection By Sir Leo Chiozza Money. Inset. POST MORTEM REPORTS. <-M-0« Haip«^"K> Annuftl Subscriptions to Members 2 0ii., due on the 1st January 4n each year. A new Volume commences every January. . ^ All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY WilliamB, F.Z.S., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., IS All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for " The Bird Market," .and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. EditOFp W. T. Page, F.Z.S., etc., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to th» following gentlemen : Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.B., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., "Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All Letters referring to the abova, identifioation of birds, att., must contain a stamped addressed envelope for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows shoAild be sent to Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, S.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh^ 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London. N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HEN8T0CK, " Arian Press," Mftrket Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all ordara for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the pubUsher, J. H HEN STOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business conneotad therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increaung the number of plates, othbT than the regular income of Club the providaa for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notaa by the 20th of each moatH ahonld at anea write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDINQ COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready. Cases 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Voluma complete for 43. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Clnh Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF " BIRO NOTES." ^-fX> Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associate* ^eacli) '. 21 0 Volumea IV and V. with HaM-coloured Plates : — To Members and Associates (each) 10 0' To Others : 15 •) Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 15 0 To Others 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Yolnmes II. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 6 To Others 23 0 Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be hmd, price 2.S. 9tl. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from tlie Publisher, 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, " Avian Press," Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members' Copies at 4s. 9d., including Cover and return postage. SPECIES S Reared Young and HYBRIDS g Been Bred in Capti\ity in Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. ILMJSrRATKI). INrKRIiEAYEl). IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8vo 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. lOd. J. H. Hbnbtock " Ths Avian Pkjess," Asubouknb MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. Annual Subsoriptiont to Member* 2* Si., da* on the lat January in each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.S., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., IS All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisemeifts, for " The Bird Market," and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.8., etc., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should-be sent to tb« following gentlemen : Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T, Camps, F.Z.8., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All Letters referring to the above, identification of birds, eto., must contain a stamped addressed envelope for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh^ 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HEN8T0CK, *' Ayian Press," Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, othbr than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation wilLbe thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. v Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each mo&ttk should at onee write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready. Cases 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume complete for 4s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF "BIRD NOTES." o-^-^ Volume 1. is out of print. Yolumes II. and III., there remains oply a few copies; to Members and Associate* jeacli) 21 O Volumes IV and V. with Hand-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 10 0' To Others 15 ly Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coleured Plates: — To Members and Assodfetes (each) 15 0 To Others 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 ^ To Others 23 0 Cftfles for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price 2s. 9d. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher, 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, "Avian Press," Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members' Copies at 4s. 9d., 'including Cover and return postage. SPECIES "hari" Reared Young and HYBRIDS g Been Bred in Captivity in Great Britain. RY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. TLTJISTRATED. INrERLEAVKD. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8vo 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. lOd. •T H. Henstock The Avian Press." A.«!Hhoi:rne MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. <>»0 Annual Subscriptions to Members 2*ii.|| do* on the lit January in each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY WilUamH, F.Z.8., Oakleigh 110, Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N., 18 All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for " The Bird Market," and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., etc., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to the following gentlemen : Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.8., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All Letters referring to the above, identification of blr^s, ete., must contain a stamped addressed envelope for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. 8. M. lOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh^ 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOOK, " Arian Press," Market Place, Aihboome, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increasini^ the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each moatll should at onoe write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready. Cases 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume complete for 4s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF "BIRD NOTES." -0-M-<> Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associate* (eaclo 21 0 Volumes IV and V. with HarH-coloured Plates: — To Membeis and Associntes (each) 10 0 To Others 15 •) Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 15 0 To Otiiers 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes II. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 t To Others 23 0 Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price 28. 9cl. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from tlie Publisher, 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher, .) . H. HenstocR, " Avian Press," Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members' Copies at 4s. 9d., including Cover and return postage. SPECIES T,'^lt Reared Young a nd HYBRIDS tit Been Bred in Captivity in Great Britain. HV WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. ■♦- II.Lns'lHA'l KI). JNl'KllLEAVED. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8vo 3s. 6d.. Net. By Post 3s. lOd. ■T \\. HKN«ro"K Twi Avian Pkkss," Ashbourne Series III OCTOBER, 19l», Vol. il. No. lO. Prtce 1 6. AnAaeJ Suhscriph'o7\ NOTES THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Wesley T.Pev^e, HZ.S.ek^ ASHBOURNE. Ptinted and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, CONTENTS. <, The Indian Weaver \Bird and Some Others By W. Shore Baily. Reminiscences By Dr. Lovell-Keays, F.Z.S. ETC. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity By Dr. E. HoPKiNSON, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. M\ Weavers — Past and Present By S. Williams, F.Z.S. The Breeding of Goldfinch x Himalayan Siskin Hybrids By W. Shore Baily. The Endurance of Birds By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. O bit nary — Herbert Goodchild. Correspondence — The Season ipi^; ipip Nesting Notes; An Escaped Ring-neck Parrakeet. Inset. POST MORTEM REPORTS. » ->♦><- 8nip«aded for tke preiant. Will b« retnmed ai looii aa a va' ■or cmxk b« found to Mr. Qraj. NOVEMBER, 1910. V \. BIRD NOTES THE FOREIGN BIRD CLUB Wesley T. Pevge, F.Z.S.e^Ce <'J^^^^ ASHBOURNE. PHnted and Published by J. H. Henstock, Avian Press, CONTENTS. C Reminiscences By Dr. Lovell-Keays, F.Z.S. ETC. Records of Birds which have bred in Captivity By Dr. E. HoPKiNSON, D.S.O., M.A., M.B. More Notes on Swainson's Lorikeets ... By Maurice Amsler. M.B., F.Z.S. Thoughts in September By Miss J. Illingworth. Small Birds of Paradise Reprinted from TJjc Times. The Endurance of Birds By Wesley T. Page, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. Book Notices and Reviews. Correspondence: Short Eclipse Period of Jackson's Whydah; Certain Weavers and their Nests, and Rosella Parrakeets; An Interesting Shipment of South African Birds. Inset. POST MORTEM REPORTS. <-M-0- fetatpeaded for tke presont. Will b« retained •■ ioob »■ a tn •or ma be fonnd lo Mr. Qr»y. Series III DECEMBER, 1919. Vol. il. No. 12-. Subscriptions (20s.) become due on January ist, payable , in advance, and, to save Hon. See's time, should be remitted to ' 5". WILLIAMS, OAK LEIGH, iioRIVERWAY, PALMER'S ! GREEN, LONDON, N., 13, by the end of January. — I Wesley T. Pexge, F.Z.S.eV^-fO Annual Subscriptions to Memben2 0«., da« on the ]«t January in each year. A new Volume commences every January. •■ All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.S., Oakleigh 110, RiA^erwajj Palmers Green, London, N., IS All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Revi«w, Proposals for New Members,, Advertisements, for " The Bird Market,** and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.3., etc., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to th« following gentlemen : Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.S., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, AV. T. Page, F.Z.S., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All Letters referring to the above, identifioatlon of birds, ete,, must contain a stamped addressed envelope for reply. All applications for Sliow Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Chpuges of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Biisiness Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh^ 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London. N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HEN8T00K, " Avian Press," Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orden for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. Ail correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HEN8T0CK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increaunc the number of plates, othtr than the regular income of Club the proTidee for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this obfeot hg the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each montH «honld at onoe write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready. Cases 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume complete for 4s. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Oluh Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF " BIRD NOTES." <-Ms> Volume 1. is out of print. Yolumes II. and III., there remains oply a few copies; to Members and Associate* (eacli) 21 0 Volume* IV and V. with HaM-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 10 0 To Others 15 0 Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 15 0 To Others 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Yolames II. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 # To Others 23 0 Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be hjtd, price 2s. 9d. post free. Gases tor Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher, 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, "Avian Press," Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members' Copies at 4s. 9d., ircluding Cover and return postage. SPECIES tit Reared Young and HYBRIDS g Been Bred in Captivity in Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. ILLUSTRATED. INTERLEAVED. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8vo 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. lOd. J. H. Hbnstock " Thb Avian Press," Ashbourne MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. <^-M-C^ Annual Subscriptions to Members 2 0* , da* on tha 1st January in each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions sjiould be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.S., Oakleigh 110, Riverway^ Palmers Green, London, N., IS All MSS. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for " The Bird Market," and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., etc., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to th« following gentlemen : Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.8., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely ; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, and Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All Letters referring to the above, identification of birds, ots., must contain a stamped addressed envelope for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, Lopdon, 8.W All other Correspondence, Chpnges of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh^ 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London. N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOOK, " Avian Press," Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orden for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the publisher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fund is kept open for the purpose of increaaing the number of plates, other than the regular income of Club the provides for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each montk should at once write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready. Cases 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher -will bind the Volume complete for 48. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF " BIRO NOTES." <>^-K> Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to Members and Associates (eacli) 21 0 Volumes IV and V. with HarH-coloured Plates : — To Members and Associates (each) 10 0 To Others 15 '> Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 15 9 To Others 20 ft NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. Volumes 11. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 ^ To Others 23 0 Oases for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be h»d^ price 2s. 9d. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from tlie Publisher, 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, " Avian Press," Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members' Copies at 4s. 9d., including Cover and" return postage. SPECIES tl'e' Reared Young and HYBRIDS tit Been Bred in Capti\ity in Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S., Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's. Classification slightly revised. ILLUSTK A TED. IN TERLE.AVED. IN CLOTH. ]\rEDIUM 8vo 3s. 6d.. Net. By Post 3s. lOd. -T. H IlKNsrocK Twy Avian Press," Ashbcukne MEMORANDA FOR MEMBERS. <-^"fO Annual Subscriptions to Memben 2 0« , dua on tlia let January jjx each year. A new Volume commences every January. All Subscriptions should be sent to the Hon. Treasurer, SIDNEY Williams, F.Z.S., Oakleigh 110, Riverwayj Palmers Green, London, N., 13 All MS8. for publication in Bird Notes, and Books for Review, Proposals for New Members, Advertisements, for " The Bird Market," -and claims for Breeding Medals, should be sent to the Hon. Editor, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., etc., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey. All enquiries as to the treatment of Birds should be sent to th* following gentlemen : Parrots and Parrakeets, H. T. Camps, F.Z.8., Linden House, Haddenham, Isle of Ely; Insectivorous, Frugivorous, end Small Seed-eating Birds, W. T. Page, F.Z.S., " Langstone," Lingfield, Surrey . All Letters referring to the above, identification of birds, eto., must contain a stamped addressed envelope for reply. All applications for Show Medals and enquiries re Shows should be sent to Mr. S. M. TOWNSEND, 3, Swift Street, Fulham, London, 8.W All other Correspondence, Changes of Address, etc., should be sent to the Hon. Business Secretary, SIDNEY WILLIAMS, F.Z.S., Oakleigh^ 110 Riverway, Palmers Green, London, N.13. This Magazine is printed and published by J. H. HENSTOCK, " Arian Press," Market Place, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, to whom all orders for back numbers and bound volumes (with remittance) should be sent. All correspondence, MSS., etc., (also remittances) relating to TRADE ADVERTISEMENTS should be sent to the pubUsher, J. H HENSTOCK, who will quote rates and transact all business connected therewith. Also all complaints re non-delivery of the Magazine. An Illustration Fimd is kept open for the purpose of increasing the number of plates, otht,r than the regular income of Club the provide* for. The smallest donation will be thankfully received for this object by the Hon. Treasurer. Any member not receiving Bird Notes by the 20th of each moalk should at onoe write the Publisher, complaining of the omission. BINDING COVERS. A New Binding Case in Art Linen, of Handsome Design is now ready. Cases 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher will bind the Volume ix)mplete for 48. 9d. post free. The Publisher undertakes the Binding of Volumes in the Club Oases or any other style of Binding as may be desired. BOUND VOLUMES OF "BIRD NOTES." ^H-K^ Volume 1. is out of print. Volumes II. and III., there remains only a few copies; to 3Iember8 and Associate* (eacli) 21 O- Volumes IV and V. with Hand'tooloured Plates: — To Members and Associates (each) 10 0 To Others 15 i) Volumes VI., VII., and VIII., with Hand-coloured Plates : — To Members and Associates (each) 15 0 To Others 20 0 NEW SERIES, Volume I., out of print. VolumeB II. to VIII, to Members (each) 17 •• To Others 23 0 Oasea for Binding Vols. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Old Series) may be had, price 2s. 9d. post free. Cases for Binding Vols.,1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (New Series) to be obtained from the Publisher, 2s. 9d. post free. The Publisher, J. H. Henstock, "Avian Press," Ashbourne; will be pleased to Bind Members' Copies at 4s. 9d., including Cover and' return postage. SPECIES tlf Reared Young and HYBRIDS lit Been Bred in Captivity in Great Britain. BY WESLEY T. PAGE, F.Z.S., M.B.N.H.S.. Systematically arranged according to Dr. Gadow's Classification slightly revised. ILLUSTRATED. INTERLEAVED. IN CLOTH. MEDIUM 8vo 3s. 6d., Net. By Post 3s. lOd. J H. Henstock ' The Avian Press," Ashbourne