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TORN an Side tye wee SMivtiationge 26g Cnsgenty? ie eee ue wad dedgiis a: ‘ subs 39+ ‘ashe yl, Rrgedegee estes aod Linge vas hd bee, ite ith 4 be Se Hag yar ats smyeyey aa ne bits Bota nd aap wee mt enn a in ) Seat echemmick dicate fees are tty sot Se ibeit %. assets aig ¢ “en epi toner eh eee wh ives praene, } oo Aline anerats SEU heise Lesh ott s4%hy fae dst fe Sek 1] sag * bie A abd nytes4 a wi Sey Neate eg Sa? yt ae ley oe i nF « NS Mech oak ngs gen tg Sesh aps rok Ed) Psst Wests Rhee? 4 ee 3 penne: oy 1 “es hae sooth Fo ip * meres Sv oe tee ted aye tat age Perea rei: we Leyden? }} it fe i } \ r 4 i i ; i ? ‘ i al TK i i i x y , 1 j * ‘ ’ ) +. BIRDS and NATURE IN NATURAL COLORS | POLE teEUSPRALIONS, BY COLOR -PHOTOGRAPHY A-GULDE-IN THE STUDY. OF - NATURE VOLUME I. | ae] EDITED BY WILLIAM KERR HIGLEY CHICAGO A: W. MUMFORD, PustisHErR 378 Wabash Avenue £905 191 678 =. Copyri GH GE lane, } I C 8 The beautiful is as useful as the useful.—Viclor Hugo. ar’ ROOT IN { [Ne CONTENTS THE SPACIOUS FIRMAMENT ON HIGH (Joseph Addison) [Poem] THE AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET {Illustration} - - THE BIRDS OF AMERICA (Henry Johnstone) [Poem] - SOME CURIOUS INSECTS (Belle Paxson Drury) - - - THE RESPLENDENT TROGAN [Illustration] - - . - - 11 eee ee Sow PROFIT IN OUR FEATHERED FRIENDS (Sara Elizabeth ns raves - - - - - - - . > . - THE YELLOW-THROATED TOUCAN [Illustration] - LADY-BIRDS (Mary Lee Van Hook) - - - - > ; - SCANDINAVIAN FOLEK-LORE OF BIRDS OF PASSAGE (Frants P, Lund) THE MANDARIN DUCK [Illustration] - . : - : - CORA BELL—THE STORY OF A PARROT (Martha R. Fitch) THE HOMES OF BIRDS. (Leon A. Hausmann) - - - THE RED-RUMPED TANAGER Tllustration] THE PINE TREE (Evelyn Singer : = THE COCK-OF-THE-ROCK [Illustration] - OUR CAT-BIRDS (S. Frances Gilbreath Ingersoll) THE GOLDEN PHEASANT [Illustration] - JULIE’S KINDERGARTEN (Leonora Beck Ellis) IS IT TRUE (George Klingle) [Poem] - - A NATURE PICTURE (Charles Emmett Barnes) SUNRISE (Rae Mortimer Seymour) [Poem] THE RED BIRD OF PARADISE [Illustration] a NATURE’S PROMISE (Nixon Waterman) [Poem a EDITED BY WILLIAM K HIGLEY ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY: © IGqALS 7 af Hust nal mus a a8 . Se AION EA Be ATES PLE 25 OS RD? : A 2 Meee 5 E ; zs on AG ie. AC yi eS 3 am rs ~ ’ if es “ : 4 ~—_ - sy i sf a 44 : " wn Va a Eo = E Beeian” x % Monthly, except July and August TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF PUBLICATION PRICE. Subscription price is ong dollar and fifty cents a year, payable in advance; with 50 assorted pic- tures, $2.00; single copy, 15 cents. POSTAGE IS PREPAID by the publisher for all sub- scriptions in the United States, Guam, Porto Rico, Tutuila (Samoa), Canada and Mexico. For all other countries in the Postal Union add 30 cents postage. _ CHANGE OF ADDRESS. 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MUMEORD, 378 Wabash Ave., CHICAGO It enclose $1.50 for which please send me Birps AND NATURE one year with the portrait of Gladstone in colors. Begin my subscription with... _......and co1sider mea permanent subscriber until otherwise notified. 1 Wo i endl Bs NA a YSN ts. Street and Number. Cross out new or renewal as case may be. Any of our other premiums may be substituted for Gladstone, VOLUMES BEGIN JANUARY AND JUNE. YOU SHOULD HAVB VOLUMES COMPLETE. = iy id BIRDS AND NATURE ILLUSTRATED BY COLOR PHOTOGRAPHY. THE SPACIOUS FIRMAMENT ON HIGH. The spacious firmament on high, With all the blue ethereal sky, And spangled heavens a shining frame, Their great Original proclaim. The unwearied sun, from day to day, Does his Creator’s power display, And publishes to every hand The work of an Almighty hand. Soon as the evening shades prevail, The Moon takes up the wondrous tale, And nightly to the listening earth Repeats the story of her birth; Whilst all the stars that round her burn, And all the planets in their turn Confirm the tidings as they roll, And spread the truth from pole to pole. What though in solemn silence all Move round the dark, terrestrial ball; What though no real voice nor sound Amidst their radiant orbs be found; In reason’s ear they all rejoice And utter forth a glorious voice ; Forever singing, as they shine, “The hand that made us is divine.” 3 | —JosEPH ADDISON. THE AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET. (Melopstttacus undulatus.) This beautiful little bird is not only one of the prettiest, but is also the most common and best known of the smaller parrakeets. It is the Budgerigar—a word which means pretty bird—of Aus- tralia, where it is widely distributed and quite common. It is quite closely related to the ring-necked parrakeet, which the naturalist Cuvier thought was probably the first of the parrot tribe to become known to the Greeks and Romans. It is a native of India and a portion of China, and may have been introduced into southern Europe at the time of the Indian conquests of Alexander. The ring-necked parrakett possibly is also the bird to which Pliny referred in the fol- lowing passage: “But above all, there are some birds that can imitate the human voice; the parrot, for instance, which can even converse. India sends us this bird, which it calls by the name of ‘sittaces;’ the body is green all over, only it is marked with a ring of red around the neck. It will duly salute an emperor, and pronounce the words it has heard spoken; it is rendered especially frolicsome under the influence of wine. Its head is as hard as its beak; and this, when it is being taught to talk, is beaten with a rod of iron, for otherwise it is quite insensible to blows. When it lights on the ground it falls upon its beak, and by resting upon it makes itself all the lighter for its feet, which are naturally weak.” The bird of our illustration belongs to the sub-family of the parrots known as the broadtails, a group of birds confined to Australia, New Zealand, New Cale- donia and the Society Islands. The par- rots of this group are called the broad- tails because of the breadth of the feathers of the tail. The Australian Grass Parrakeet differs from nearly all the other species of the group in having the ends of the elongated feathers of the tail more attenuated. This species also bears other common names, such.as the Australian Love Bird, the Undulated Grass Parrakeet, and the Shell Parrakeet. The sexes are nearly alike in colora- tion, but the male may be distinguished from the female by the dark color of the cere, or membrane at the base of the upper mandible of its bill, that of the female being of a light brownish cream color. This Parrakeet is said to be very abundant in the vicinity of Adelaide, Australia, where it may be seen in large flocks, either perching on the gum trees or feeding on the ground. In its wild state the seeds of grasses form its prin- cipal food, though it will also eat other seeds. Because of the nature of its food the parrakeet seizes it with its beak and does not gather it with the feet, as do many other species of parrots. It is said that no nest is built by this species, but that the eggs are laid in holes of trees in which no lining is used. The male’s song is a sort of warble which is not entirely free from melody, and is uttered quite constantly during the day. In many localities this Parra- keet is a popular cage species and it breeds freely while so confined. While readily tamed, it is said that this little Parrakeet “is always apt to bite severely: while it is also an undesirable inhabitant of an aviary, on account of its propensity to attack and disable smaller birds.” At times these little birds become greatly attached to those who care for them. A gentleman who carried one of these Parrakeets from Australia to Eng- land, says the bird suffered greatly from the cold and change of climate. It was protected by a kind-hearted weather- beaten sailor, who kept it warm and comfortable. in his bosom. It was not transported in a cage, but roamed at will - AUSTRALIAN GRASS PARRAKEET. {Melopsittacus undulatus). Life-size. COPYRIGHT 1900, BY A. W. MUMFORD, CHICAGO ~~ about the room, enjoying greatly at times, a ride on a cat’s back. At meals he perched upon his master’s shoulder, pick- ing the bits he liked from a plate set before him. If the weather was cold or chilly, he would pull himself up by his master’s whiskers and warm his feet by ‘standing on his bald head. He always announced his master’s coming by a shrill call, and no matter what the hour of night, never failed to utter a note of welcome, although apparently asleep with his head tucked under his wing. THE BIRDS OF AMERICA. I shall not greet your birds at home, Their songs are not for me; Among your woods I may not roam, Your flowers I may not see. And yet I find them in your books,— Bird, blossom, wood and field, And sunny spots and sheltered nooks, Before my eyes revealed. Your meadow-larks melodiously “Sweet o’ the year” proclaim, Your yellow-throat cries “‘witchery,” “‘Bob-white” repeats his name. I see your swallows on the wing, Your sparrows in the grasses, Your orioles’ hanging nests, that swing To every breeze that passes. I hear your blue-bird’s warbling note, And in your garden-bowers Behold your flashing ruby-throat Hang pois’d before the flowers. I watch your robin on the ground, Your kingbird in the air; Your singing bob-o-links abound, Your wrens peep here and there. Your chic-a-dee, that dares to stay When summer-birds are gone, In sober suit of black and grey Through winter-woods flits on. And when your pages I forsake And go my ways to bed, Your birds still flutter on and make Sweet music in my head. —HEnry JOHNSTONE. AN AUNT JANE STORY. SOME CURIOUS INSECTS. PART I. Howard and Edith had been busy all the morning helping Aunt Jane smoke the house plants. The rose bushes were covered with little green creatures, which must be destroyed, or there would be no roses for Easter. To reward them for their efficient help, Aunt Jane promised to give them a little talk about insects that very evening. It was scarcely dark before all the chil- dren were gathered in the library. “Aunt Jane,’ cried Bird, “do begin with the bee. Howard says it is too common —that you will only talk about wonder- ful insects tonight.” “That was my in- tention,’ Aunt Jane replied, “‘but our commonest insects are curious, so it may not be amiss to begin with some of them. Now, what do you all consider curious about the bee?” “His sting,” cried John, “‘and the way he can poison one with it.” “His skill as a geometrician,” said Howard; “‘I don’t know of another insect with such a head on him as the bee,” “T think the bee is a brave little knight, all clad in armor of gold and jet,” ex- claimed Alice. “The pollen bags are ‘too cute’ for anything,” chimed in Bird. “But it seems to me,” responded Aunt Jane, “that the bee is most wonderful in that he is a chemist of such rare skill, that the nicest scientist can not analyze the honey so as to tell how much is due to the bee, and how much to the clover.” “Is not the ant quite as remarkable as the bee?” Alice inquired. “Her architectural skill is certainly very great,’ was the response. “Tt has been estimated that the ant, if allowance be made for difference in size, surpasses man in architectural achieve- ments, and its lodging houses dwarf the pyramids. The white ants of Siam con- struct hills which serve as houses, which are sometimes fifteen feet high, and thirty or forty feet in diameter. Often upper chambers are made in the tops of trees, by running tunnels from the base of the ant hills to the tree top, where the dead boughs are enclosed with the plas- beieee “Why do they make the upstairs in the tree top, Auntie?” “The aerial chambers are for purposes of concealment, while the ants work upon the dead boughs. But the most remark- able thing about ants is their social organization. They live in large com- munities, have houses, barns, yards and fields; they keep domestic animals, have pets, own slaves, entertain guests, engage in amusements and pursue various occu- pations such as engineering, building, agriculture, gardening, hunting, and fighting.” “Dear me,” cried John; “the next time I meet an ant I’ll take off my hat to him. Who would have thought he was such a business fellow ?” “How do agricultural ants farm?” Alice inquired. ; “They keep patches of rice free from weeds, harvest the grain, put it in their barns, and husk it for the sake of the oily substance which they lick off the grain.” “You were in fun when you said ants keep domestic animals ?” “By no means. It may be truthfully asserted that they keep cows. There is a variety of aphides having two small tubes on the under side of the body which exude tiny drops of sticky sweet fluid, which ants, catch as it falls and eat. They carry the aphides to their nests, and take good care of them.” “You said they had pets, guests, and slaves !” “Yes; a favorite pet of theirs is. the blind beetle, which visits them in their nests, and which they carefully feed. Lubbock says it is a well established fact that one kind of an ant enslaves another, and that the slave-keeping ants lose their habits of industry, and degenerate. Of all varieties of ants, perhaps none is more curious than the ‘Parasol Ant.’”’ “Auntie, do you mean that she really does carry a parasol?” cried Madge, in surprise. “Yes, the leaf-cutters carry pieces of green leaves, holding them in such a way that they look as if out walking with parasols.” “What do the ants do with the para- sols when they reach the nest?” Edith inquired. “Tt was once thought that the leaves were reduced to pulp and used as cells for the young; but it is now thought probable, that when this mass of leaves begins to decay, it forms a hot-bed on which ants grow mushrooms, of which they are exceedingly fond. Ants are, therefore, gardeners as well as farmers. There are ants who act as nurses and care for the sick. Some ants are very war-like, while others can not be induced to fight.” t “But, Aunt Jane, you said they had amusements; now, please describe their ant-ics,’ demanded Howard. “They have a thousand facets on each side of the head; the power of vision is therefore very good. With many eyes to spy they play ‘Hide and seek’ with spirit, and besides this game they prac- tice various gymnastic exercises.” “But, Auntie,” John inquired, “what is the very nicest thing the ant does?” “In summer she not only lays up her food for winter, but she cuts the germ of every grain to prevent sprouting, which would spoil the store of food. The perseverance of the ant is remark- able; you school-children should take note of it as perseverance is the road to success. J once saw some -ants trying to drag the dead body of a wasp across the floor. They succeeded very well, until it fell into a crack. After trying for some time to move it on, all the ants but one gave it up and ran away. The remaining one tried again and again. “At last she hit upon the plan of pull- ing it back instead of forward. She found that this could be done, as the crack was lower on that side; so she ran and called the other ants back. They came and pulled out the wasp, and started to carry it higher up, where the crack was not so deep. Unfortunately I became so excited, that I drew too near and frightened them away just as suc- cess was about to crown their endeavor.” As Aunt Jane paused at this end of her story, Howard cried, “Do take the locust next, for they say it has “W’ and ‘P’ for War and Peace on its wings. I mean to look and see if this is true some day.” “T hope you will,’ Aunt Jane replied. “Tt is always well to test the truth of superstitious sayings. The Arabs make the locust say, ‘We lay ninety-nine eggs ; were the hundredth put forth, the world would be ours.’ There is a fanciful re- semblance in the locust to many crea- tures. It is said to have the head of a horse; its body is like a scorpion; it has the horns of a stag, the hip of a camel, the legs of a stork, the wings of an eagle and the tail of a dragon.” “Are beetles curious in any other way?” John inquired. “Yes indeed,” responded Alice, “for they were once held in great honor by the Egyptians; but, Auntie, how large are beetles usually?” “They vary in size: some varieties are four and a half inches long, while others are the size of a period. They are provided with scales, horns, spines and pointed teeth. In color they vie with flowers and minerals, are often marked in the most curious and diversified ways, resembling mountains, rivers, clouds, as well as imitations of markings on birds and flowers.” | “Please tell us a story about them,” pleaded Alice. . “Very well. I once read a Japanese fable which said that there was formerly a beetle so beautiful that all the other night flies fell in love with it. The beetle was disturbed by the presence of so many suitors; so, in order to get rid of them, and also as a trial of constancy, it ordered them all to go and bring fire. They obeyed, and to this day they still visit lamps and candles, and burn them- selves for love of the cruel beetle.” ' “Aunt Jane, tell us of the origin of the saying, “As blind as a beetle;’ are beetles usually blind?” inquired John. “No; but they cannot easily change their direction when flying, so they often come in contact with other objects, and thus have the appearance of blindness. The aquatic beetle has its eyes divided in such a way that it can see down into the water, and also up into the air. “The “Dancing Beetle’ -has a round, little body, like burnished metal, and it spends its life in a mazy dance, so great is its delight in motion. The ‘Kangaroo Beetle’ has very long legs and very thick thighs, so he looks like a gentleman of the old school, dressed in knee breeches. The ‘Stag Beetle’ has a little gold-colored brush of hair on his legs, with which he cleans his antenne. He will amuse himself when tamed, by tossing about a ball of cotton with his horns.” “How funny he must look,” exclaimed the younger children. “Is there any- thing else beetles can do?” “Yes, one kind saws off twigs from trees. The ‘Dor’ or “Clock Beetle’ tries to tell the time of day; at least, he makes a drowsy hum as monotonous as the tick- tock of a sleepy, old clock. “The “Harlequuy- Beetle’ has a cay, parti-colored dress, and is the ‘dude’ among beetles. “The “Bombardier Beetle’ has a vola- tile fluid, which, upon discharging, evap- orates with a detonating sound. As he can fire off several volleys successively, the other insects must stand in great awe of his warlike accomplishments. “Many beetles destroy insects injuri- ous to vegetation. The work of those who act as grave diggers and scavengers is very useful. Like fireflies, “Some beetles have a luminous secretion. Ladies, in tropical countries, confine such under gauze, about their heads and thus add great splendor to their attire. The wingcases of some varieties make ex- quisite jewelry.” “Auntie, please tell us what it is tha’. makes the fireflies shine,’ cried Madge “The luminous substances 1s composed of albumen and phosphorus which, com- bined with the oxygen the insect breathes, makes it shine.” . “T don’t know what such big words mean,’ complained Madge. “Please tell me so I can understand. Why is it that the fireflies don’t shine in the daytime?” “T know, I know” shouted Bird; “I’m learning a speech to recite about it, on Friday, at school. It says— ““Oh, firefly of wondrous ray, Why do you never salute us by day?’ ‘Deep in the dark I have a background for showing my-spark; But if I try to abolish the sun Who of all mortals willsee me? Not one.’ ” “Stars shine all the same in the day- time,” said John; “only we can’t see them for the sun; but I’d like to hear more about these living lamps.” “We shall be compelled to leave the subject for the present as the clock is striking nine. Perhaps, if you are not tired of hearing about ‘horrid bugs,’ as I often hear you call them, we will have another evening devoted to them.” “Oh, Auntie,” said the repentant chil- dren, “insects are such curious little crea- tures, we will never call them names again—never !” BELLE Paxson Drury. ii a "= == Ah eae, Ls © ; i) vi Pi ' . , L “ a > A fa A f # ' Je e : ae v ’ : é ‘ 5 4 i i i 0 at a e -* > . . ; mar cae ~ y Pa ¥ ie) m2 ; 4 ‘3 ae aN ,