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Sy my ~¥ Ses SASS SEES T ELLEN nce uaaieticn as SeMiNewanw esses Wet eee Nay a (eA Yo, fw A PF PtP An Aru: er es tay We N ‘ ft ost a Parl by Ie = wy vw — A Sok ~} = . “4 ~ _ ~~ ~ wwe - , \ ‘wi wo > TgSs —-~ Shs © wy Ads RA eh ee Tie ie 2S Pate ty ts pI) ¥ Leer I~ : nie tiatea. : Yeore, h Daisey ee vy Vue. elt DISS] ed Nag oytieetey POOL SOMA TRAAL ANGI TION O COL Ace A RRA TT diated vibe uly "Wily Weten te SSN ewes VEPIVGe Sew, ed vw S AK, w wh NO end Nd df na & Cer, “i, Wo PIAA TIO | MOY PAN be SONG hd odd oe ae = ~” et bd f,_.d Wa | ~ ~ 4 4\C | et A ‘at Core ~ - yg & bi -¥~ nf Solr eae nei I II AIDRTIRAL 4 vv oy nS wig a as a vy? ~y we eS atc beet ey ~ wiv" ISIS SSS See gtteye y w \V wt we e wD 2 w <* RA ~ a! INS An Py ~weratere™ ~~ Ny wy we ~ Gow SY w= Serres Fuewss ABR PRK wa wed aN Sow ~ t- FAAARRA ~ SYrerwen “Se Deeb AI I “AJ ON Ne WE Cev BABII AISA Swe r3siry AG wOCY. ed Bs ge Petite A rN APTS ; 8 we ly OP Vw ~vy%y sv : AAT MAF Sue a) Reh fated 4 ETON oe) beth end 2 y wow Suess” dt ~ ST yg ww Se &* Sy Sgeu~ “yew ee; se oh Ted Sey Sas RIAU ORC CAO | TO el aE GS ASSIS AD syUvwu~ ¥ We wn A dl one ke nee | ov = i SS OS w” Sw by GOS) PS heh ddd ash W witty bt mata Pa Na. 7 te ADDN | ep el] wre? = She eS Seo = dhe PIA IG “, WA ‘g STII Perey be SS =eSUceSy ~~ Rie 2 NGo wo Sy ’ | ae : rs X = i is ASA VERS bss s vy RIO 2 eh gee CrU Ul v CWCCUURU ete “ SAGAR vst rc f ; i > ' = TS as ~~ w 7 SH JOe\ JOO OO tang OS FS www ee, IDLBz Gos wet EE } ] t ‘ | THE BIRDS OF SOUTH AMERICA. VOL. II. (Plates.) rer 684 y UW Fi a oneeae Vi P pied? Birabeurue Wyn dha WIEME large | k nNarer oon The Birds Ane af ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GAME BIRDS AND WATER FOWL SOUTH AMERICA. H. GRONVOLD. LONDON: JOHN WHELDON & CO., 38, GREAT QUEEN STREET, KINGSWAY, W.C. 1917. PUBLISHER’S NOTE. The series of plates included in the present volume were originally intended to illustrate the second and third volumes of the “Birds of South America,” of which only the first vol, comprising “A List of the Birds of South America,’ was published. This work as projected by the late Lord Brabourne, in conjunction with Mr. Chubb, was to have comprised 16 vols, with 400 hand-coloured plates. The first volume mentioned above had only appeared, however, when further progress was delayed by Lord Brabourne’s last visit to South America, while his return to the Army when War broke out, and his subsequent death at Neuve-Chapelle in 1915, put an abrupt stop to the work. So little text had then been completed, and the work as projected was so extensive and costly, that nothing could be done in the way of completing even a second volume, but feeling that the fine series of plates already finished by Mr. Gronvold (and partly printed) merited publication, | made arrangements to issue them in the present way, and I have added short notes on most of the species as compensation for the absence of any other text. H. KIRKE SWANN. London, Dec. 1916. Plate No. 1 bo Issued in Part. Il No. in List. DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 1, 2,3 Rhea americana, R. rothschildi, R. pennata (American Rhea, 45 69, 96 70 Rothschild’s Rhea and Darwin’s Rhea). The Rheas are flightless birds of very large size, measuring from four to five feet in height, with small and imperfect wings, long legs and small feet ; represented in Africa by the Ostriches and in Australia by the Emus, but most nearly allied to the latter, having three toes on the foot instead of two as in the former. The American Rhea is the E. Brazilian species, Rothschild’s Rhea, the common Rhea, is the sub-species (the 2. Americana of previous authors), inhabiting Uruguay, Argentina, etc., and Darwin’s Rhea is the Rhea of Patagonia and Chili. All frequent open country, neyer wooded districts, and are found in parties of three or four to twenty or thirty. When hunted by horsemen, who employ the do/as, or thong and balls, they travel at a great speed, using the wings only to steer with. The flesh of young birds is excellent but the old are never eaten. Where not molested they will frequent the neighbourhood of the es¢ancias. Several females lay in one nest, a depression in the ground, each laying a dozen or more eggs, so that a great number are sometimes found. Tinamus solitarius (Sclitary Tinamou). The Tinamous, a remark- able group, have no very near affinity to any other family. Super- ficially they resemble the Partridges, and are so called by the Spaniards, while the flesh is most delicate eating. They are essentially ground birds and swift runners, non-perching and non-gregarious ; in size small, ranging from that of a Quail to that of a common fowl; some 70 species in all are found in South America. The flight is heavy, noisy and short, but very rapid; the food is insects chiefly, also fruit, seeds and grain. The male alone incubates. Nest: a hollow in the ground lined with leaves. Eggs: always clear unspotted and highly polished, in colour turquoise, deep green, purple, yellow, reddish, or chocolate brown according to the species. The Solitary Tinamou inhabits Paraguay and S.E. Brazil. Rhynehotus rufescens (Great Tinamou). Inhabits S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. Known on the pampas of Argentina as Perdiz grande, or Great Partridge. It is about 1r4-in. in length. The ferdiz comun or Common Partridge is the Spotted Tinamou (Wothura maculosa). Taoniseus nanus (Dwarf Tinamou) ; Calopezus elegans (Martinetta Tinamou). The Dwarf Tinamou inhabits Brazil and Paraguay. The Martinetta says Hudson (the word Tinamou, by the way, is never used except by naturalists for any of these birds) is a fine game bird of Patagonia, south of the Rio Colorado, inhabiting the elevated tablelands chiefly where patches of dwarf scrub occur among the thorny thickets. It also occurs in W. Argentina. Tinamotis pentlandi (Pentland’s Tinamou). Inhabits the upland valleys of the mountain ranges from North Chili to Ecuador. Penelope obscura (Dark Guan). The Curassows and Guans, com- prising the Gallinaceous family Cracide, form one of the most characteristic groups of the larger birds inhabiting the South American forests. They number some fifty species, all essentially arboreal in habits, frequenting dense woods and generally building a large nest in trees, the eggs being white or merely speckled. The present species has a wide range, viz.: Uruguay, S.E. Brazil, Bolivia and N. Argentina. The other fifteen species of Penelope are confined to the more tropical parts of S. America. Plate 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Issued in Part. II. UE, IV. No. in List 98 99 107, 115 119 121 122 132 144 145, 176 148, 151 154, 206 155 8 Penelope jacquaca (Crested Guan). This species is the Pavo de Monte, or Wood Turkey of the Spaniards. It is found in Uppe Amazonia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Penelope pileata (Red-breasted Guan). Inhabits N.E. Brazil. Ortalida ruficauda (Red-tailed Guan). O. erythroptera (Red-winged Guan). Beebe found the Red-tailed Guan associating with domestic fowls in Venezuela, and mentions the belief (held also elsewhere) that they inter-breed, producing fine game cocks, but no such hybrids could be produced. The Red-winged Guan is found both in Venezuela and Ecuador. Cumana jacutinga (Spix’s White-headed Guan). a native of S.E. Brazil and Paraguay. Aburria aburri (Wattled Guan). Found in Columbia and Ecuador. Chamepetes goudotii (Goudot’s Guan). Inhabits Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Odontophorus capueira (Capoeira Partridge). This species inhabits S.E. Brazil. All the other members of the genus are confined to Western Tropical America. Gould, who has admirably figured and described the birds of this group in his Monograph of the Odon- tophorinee, calls them the ‘‘Partridges of America.” Newton considered them closely allied to the Old World Quails. About 14 species occur in S. America, together with 6 species of the allied genus Lupsychortyx or ‘Crested Quails.” Columba corensis (Bare-faced Pigeon). The Pigeons and Doves of South America are very numerous, and comprise nearly 70 species. The habits of many are akin to those of their Old World congenora, but in several genera such as Geofrygon, the Ground-Doves, they are of course much modified. The Bare-faced Pigeon is a native of Venezuela. Columba picazuro (Picazuro Pigeon); Columbina grisea (Grey Ground-Dove). The Picazuro Pigeon inhabits Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and is the common wood-pigeon of Argentina. In appear- ance and habits it resembles its European namesake, the Ring Dove or Wood Pigeon. The Grey Ground-Dove inhabits Brazil, Guiana, Venezuela and Columbia. Columba maculosa (Spot-Winged Pigeon) ; C. sylvestris (Paraguayan Rufous Pigeon). The Spot-Winged Pigeon has a wide range extending from Peru to Argentina. It resembles the Picazuro Pigeon but may be at once distinguished, says Mr. Hudson, by its spotted back and wings. The Paraguayan Rufous Pigeon is found in S. Brazil as well as Paraguay. Columba albilinea (White-naped Pigeon); Geotrygon bourcieri (Bourcier’s Ground-Dove). As indicated above two species of Pigeons of widely dissimilar appearance and habits are depicted on this plate. The first-named ranges from Columbia and Guiana to Peru and Bolivia, while the second inhabits W. Columbia and W. Ecuador. Columba araucana (Chilian Pigeon), Inhabits Chile, and is known as ‘‘ Torcaza.” Plate No. 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 Issued In Part. Il, IV, ne IV. No. in List. 162, 179 195, 196 221, 251 231 232 263 274 344, 345 9 Zenaida auriculata (Violet-eared Dove); Chameepelia_talpacoti (Talpacoti Ground Dove). The Violet-eared Dove, or “Tortolita ” which inhabits the greater part of S. America, has an affinity to the European Turtle Dove. The Talpacoti Ground-Dove, a pretty chocolate-coloured dove breeds, says White, in the orange groves in the province of Salta, Argentina; it ranges northward through Brazil, Bolivia and Peru to Venezuela and Guiana. Leptoptila chloroauchenia (Green-naped Dove); L. callauchen (Salvadori’s Dove). Both these species are found in Argentina and Paraguay. The Green-naped Dove, a handsome species, is an inhabi- tant of wooded districts, but a ground feeder, and of solitary habits. The bird is said to utter a single melodious note. Pardirallus rytirhynchus (Black Rail): Creciscus viridis (Cayenne Crake). The Rails and Crakes of South America are very numerous, some fifty species being known to science. The Black Rail, a species hardly larger than our English Water-Rail, is found, says Hudson, throughout La Plata, everywhere where reeds and rushes grow. It has a wide range covering nearly all the southern half of S. America. The Cayenne Crake inhabits Colombia, Guiana and Brazil. Aramides chiricote (Azara’s Wood-Rail). A native of Paraguay and Brazil. Aramides ypecaha (Ypecaha Wood-Rail). The Spaniards, says Hudson, call this species Gad/inefa, from its supposed resemblance to a fowl. It is a large species, measuring some 109-in. in length, and frequents the reed-beds, etc., and where not persecuted will come out of the reeds by day, even entering the villages. It is pugnacious and will attack the domestic poultry. An excellent account of this bird’s habits is given in Hudson and Sclater’s Argentine Ornithology (II., pp. 151-54). It also inhabits S. Brazil and Paraguay. Fulica gigantea (Gigantic Coot). Six species of Coot inhabit S. America, of which three are common on the pampas of Argentina and Patagonia and are generally widely distributed. The present large species and one other are found in Bolivia, Peru and N. Chili; while the Horned Coot is confined to Bolivia and N.W. Argentina. Podiceps major (Great Grebe). The Grebes of S. American number y species. They differ little from their European congenora. The present species is about the size of our Great Crested Grebe, and is found from Peru and Bolivia to the Straits of Magellan. Larus cirrhocephalus (Grey-headed Gull): L. maculipennis (Spotted-winged Gull). The S. American Gulls and Terns are numerous, some 37 species being known, of which several are cosmopolitan species included also in the British avifauna. The Grey-headed Gull ranges no further north than S.E. Brazil and Peru nor further south than Argentina. It retains its pearl-grey hood throughout the year, although it lightens in the winter. The Spotted-winged Gull is found from S. Brazil to Patagonia and Chili, and is called Gaviota. It breeds on inland marshes, and its eggs are delicate eating, resembling those of the Plover in taste and appearance. Bal Plate °. 27 28 Hg) 30 31 32 33 34 Issued in Part. ILVUE. IV. We V. Vi. ILE Wile No.in 10 List. 359, 360 Thinocorus orbignyianus (D’Orbigny’s Seed-Snipe); T. rumi- 366 371-2-3 384, 385 418 430 439-40 457 civorus (Common Seed-Snipe). Speaking of the Common Seed- Snipe, Hudson says “This curious bird has the grey upper plumage and narrow long sharply pointed wings of a Snipe, with the plump body and short strong curved beak of a Partridge.” It feeds on seeds (mainly clover seeds), and tender buds and leaves. It is about 6% inches in length, and inhabits Tierra del Fuego, Chili and Patagonia, ranging north to the pampas of Argentina and also Peru and Bolivia in winter. D’Orbigny’s Seed-Snipe has a very similar range. Hematopus durnfordi (Durnford’s Oyster-catcher), Like its European congenor this striking bird frequents the sea-coast of Patagonia where it is met with it pairs, or sometimes small flocks. Four other species occur, and the Plover family is in fact well represented in S. America by some 65 species, of which no less than 17 are on the British list, these including the Turnstone, Grey Plover, Spotted Sandpiper, Ruff, Sanderling, Knot, Grey Phalarope and other familiar species. Belonopterus cayennensis, B. grisescens, B. chilensis (Cayenne Lapwing, Argentine Lapwing, Chilian Lapwing). The first of these species occurs in Guiana, Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil, the second from Paraquay and Uruguay to Argentina, the third in Peru, Chile and the Falkland Islands. The Cayenne Lapwing much resembles the Old World Lapwing both in appearance, habits and nesting, but is considerably larger, measuring about 13-in. in length. It is a bird of the pampas and is known as Zeru-teru from its cry. Charadrius occidentalis (Western Plover): C. falklandicus (Falkland Island Plover). The Western Plover has been recorded only from the province of Tarapaca, N. Chile. The Falkland Island Plover has a wider range than its name indicates, extending to Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay. The nest, says Gibson, is always placed near the water and is a slight scraping in the grouud, lined with dry grass ; eggs 3, spotted with black on an olive ground. Gullinago gigantea (Giant Snipe). This fine species inhabits Brazil, Paraquay, Uruguay and Argentina. Nine other species of Snipe occur in S. America. Burhinus bistriatus (Double-striped Thick-knee) A Native of Colombia, Venezuela and Brazil. It has much of the appearance and habits of the English Thick-knee or Stone Curlew. Psophia ochroptera (Ochre-winged Trumpeter): P. viridis (Green- winged Trumpeter). Six species of Trumpeter are found in S. America; of the two figured thefirst inhabits the Rio Negro region of N. Brazil, and the second the Rio Madeira region of Central Brazil. Ajaia ajaja (Roseate Spoonbill). This fine species which occurs over S. America as far south as the Rio Negro in Argentina is usually seen, says Hudson, on the pampas in small flocks of 6 to 20, which all feed together, wading to the knees and sweeping their long flat beaks from side to side as they advance. This family comes between the Ibises, of which 13 species are found in S. America, and the Herons, of which 29 species occur, besides 3 species of Storks, There are also the Screamers, three in number, and 4 kinds of Flamingoes. 37 38 Issued No. in in Part. VI. II. 1M 457 List. as Ajaia ajaja juv. (Roseate Spoonbill, young) 501, 505-6 Chloephaga melanoptera (Andean Goose), C. rubidiceps (Falk- 507 515 land Island Goose): C. poliocephala (Ashy-headed Goose). In this fine plate Mr. Gronvold has depicted three out of six species of this fine genus of Geese, all which occur at the Straits of Magellan, 4 being found in the Falkland Islands, two migrating north to Argentina in winter, and one, the Andean Goose, inhabiting the high Andes from the Straits of Magellan to Chile, Peru and Bolivia, descending to the plains in winter. Two species of Swan, the Black-necked and the Coscoroba occur throughout the southern half of S. America, and the Avatzde@ are further represented by 43 species including ‘Teal, Pintails, Shovelers, Wigeon, Pochards, Lake Ducks, Spurwinged Ducks, and Merganser. Dendrocygna viduata (White-faced Tree-Duck) The Tree-Ducks, three in number, are widely distributed over S. America, the present species being found southward to Argentina. Hudson says it utters three long clear whistling notes. The common “ Pato silva” or Whistling Duck of Argentina is however the Fulvous Tree-Duck (Dendrocygua fulva). Mareea sibilatrix (Chiloe Wigeon). This species says Hudson, is most abundant on the pampas of Buenos Ayres and Argentina ; it is resident and usually seen in small flocks of 12 to 20, but sometimes as many as 100 tO 200. Lae , sk ‘ " i Carini dit ie be uia it} me ad ane? ie ie eer Wey ihY etal nt wine pr» a0 ers (A ‘ ‘ | iii) Ot 4) Uyenl si j F tes rt mh AT “i ean r : i. j wpa rl We ae The Ta : j + ote wa é = rs iby } , 1 = will var hy . # * } ty eee 5: , } Pag E ‘ . au ae yea ‘a Aes Ty (Oe ? Tae mY wagh es ; ei nila it & i eae ih *, I { ; mari: i - ; ‘ 7 : wie 1 a “ine wt Why oy ie ‘ alg At. Ae ee a : : / rl toaeg we iat J) 8 eat ) Eira Hien vay, Hane beni’ J 5 7 Z “DIY UDPOIAIUL| DIY SPINS YOK DIYY SUIMLD (] fe] | : ; dinic 77" red IPPYPSYPOL Dayy “6 “pypuuad payy *& DUDIIIIUD DIY °/ VNIFU YNOS JO SpE ey] Nok Mk Da ) kK. Vol./I. Pb. TLC eL The Birds of South Am Ssh a ae Tinamus solitarius. r Tinamow. Solitary The Birds of South America Vol. II. Pl. 3. Rhynchotus rufescens. Great Tinamow . Bale & Danielsson, L'4 imp Vol. II. Pb. 4: The Birds of South America e i a’f j Wis P & Are f Ini. « 5 Wi: hd ed ere ae! = f & oo ase ; we KF ra a. laoniscus nanis. Dwarf Tinamou 92 Le ATs . Tinamou. el 1. Calopexus Martinetta DanielssonL*4 imp Bale & The Buds of South America Tinamotis pentlandv. Pentland’s Tinamow. Vol. HI. Pl rs J. The Birds of South America - Daniels eon .L! imp Penelope obscura. Dark Guan. Vol. IT. PU.6. — ale re een ee I dae 5,,T'wosspormeg »y 3p a 4 UDNA) P77 SOL) voombaol adoyauag : 3 DILIIWT YNOS JO SPLAT AY] EEA al VSIA VY “UDNL) P2qSVALG - PAT “wyoond adoyauaz Vd IT V&A DIU YYNOG JO spurge AY] The Birds of South, America Vol. I. Pb. Bale & Danielsson, Lt imp /. Ortalida ruficauda. Red-tailed, Guan. 2. Ortalida erythroptera. Red-winged Guan. SO The Birds of South America Vals TE PEE: Aburria aburri Wattled Guan. Bale & Danielseon ,L'4 imp : unn) S: FOpNnoy “mopnob sayadouny) cH Nah THE WON DIMOU YNOS JO SPAT IY] The Birds of South America Odon toph orus capuetrda. Capoetra Partridge Picts The Birds of South America Bale & Danielsson, Lb? ump Columba corensis. Bare-faced Pigeon. Vol. II. PU. 14. The Birds of South America Bale & Damielsaon,b'timp 1. Columbina grisea. Grey Ground -Dove. 2. Columba picaxuro. Picazuro Pigeon. Vol. II. PU. The Birds of South America Vol. IT. Pu. 76. /. Columba sylvestris. Faraquayan Rufous Pigeon. &. Columba maculosa. Spot-Winged Pigeon. Bale & Damelsson,L* imp ‘AAO on Puno.ty nowody py ‘noondm nyadvumy asc. “AAO CT P2tve - FOJOU “DID NID wDpMmua FZ ‘| ‘6h Id I-71. DIWMIUNZ YINAS JO SPNG AY, iil Font y,°T ‘vossqaraecr > ‘ PAO(T SIOPDAYD , GAOT padinu - UDALL) ‘usyonmyypa vyydozday -y “Diusysnvosopys Dyydoydary 7 Og Ie Ti 2H “DANLOULG YNas pie) SPLAT aUT $id “H-44A— 00) xD hin wapphih vayny SET Ooh rare: PITS FULT UFOS: aed SpA As ah ra dur yj, wesparaq -» opeg E AQAL) GPa) ‘10 fou sdaarp OF Dau YMG JO spn PY ont Satay Vol. I. Pl. /0. The Burds of South America / CGunana Jacuting ww. Spix's White-headed Guan. Bale & Damelsson,L‘* irop Id Wel EIEN : T7PY YIDVE “STYPIUAYIQAL STYYONPIDT Pf D4) - STPLsFLA IUUINI) sTros KIO.L) > If tbat RSRaieataay ts ar we DIMOU YIN S fe SPL aU The Birds of South America Vol. I. Pl. 2 Aramides Ypecaha. Ypecaha Wood -Rail. The Birds of South America VOU PLA BT. Dendrocygna viduata. White -faced Tree -Duck. Balt & Denielsscin,L'4 imp, RAAT PG fs Dbl 5 outh America / Columba Trlaped Geotrvgon Bourciuer's Gre albilinea ) AJ CA fi bourciert uTLa- L/ove / Me Nake HESS ads - pag Uuounua?) -adiug-paag s kubiqug ( “$40 p ‘snuoaonuns snsovoury | “2 -$ 9 p ‘snumAubhiguo snsovoury | */ > DIVSIUL y YyyNOS JO sping Al f, Hii The Buds ot South Amer 4 Saami: 4 Sr eres PF 4 « H 5 ij ae Psophia ochroptera : Ochre- winged Trumpeter ni Psophia viridis. Green- winged Trimnpete r VOL LES PSS. 9F el ihl ‘TA ‘as 004) upapu VY ‘nuajdounyau. vboydaojpy) -¢ ‘aso0g papoay-Aysy ‘apoydaonod vbnydoopy) Be “ASOOL) PYO)]ST (a LA ‘sdaormpigns vbnydaoyy ate: 2 DIMIU yy 0¢ JO SpLyg CURR : @ sarees dca = as : ee tee 5 ae wit mie sy % fs x2 ec aa: ‘*: ea Ps se ea a Ks; Te ae els 3 ns GN The Birds of South America Bale & Danicleson Limp Vol. IT. Pl. 18. OQ % ‘Id I 7% TOY POON" SDID ZY FPOOLL Tyo SIpPTUDs V DNL uly YNOS JO SPAT au] dor BT Maser” -y seq 1M9 —papoay- Kap 7m9 pabinm-panods ‘smypydav0ytm sns0'T ‘sruuadynanUL sn. 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