J 1 ■*itai^aM^ I)Iectrum byemale 248 AquileKia chrysantha 347 Arc-indicatori3, Easily made 173 Arizona, New plants of 183, 217 Arkansas Feme . . .39, 189, 313 Plants .... 56, 84, 91, 139, 188, 215, 230, 273 vrtemisia annua 238 Arthur, J. C 133, 180 Asclepiad Plant, Moth entrapp-.d by 17 Asclepiae, Notes on 64, 80 Asclepias uncialis, n. sp 64 Asparagus for Histological study. 294 Agplenium Bradleyi 15 " Trichomanes, Automatic movement 37, 43 Asters 139 Audibortia Vaseyi, u. sp 307 Australia, Plants of 267 Bacteria the Cause of Blight 166, 371 Hailey, L. H 44,76, 90 liailcy. VV. W 33, 64, 79, 94, 135, 238, 366, 273 JJanning, M. E 5, 165, ;M0, 310 r.aptisia calycosa : 89 -Marnee, C. R 4, 14, 32, 40, 54, 104, 175, 186 i;eal, W. J 303 Heardsleo, H. C 43 i;ebb's Herb. Salicum 329 l.enuett, A. W 46 I'.essey's Botany 96 jiessey, C. E 173, 394 I'igelovia juncea, n. sp 184 " rupostris, n. sp 183 1 lig Trees of Indiana 69 r.light 166,371 Boltwood, H. L 71 Jiotanical charts 186 " Handbooks for Tourists 348 Index 34 " Objects for the Microscope 37 I iotanic Garden at Cambridge 63 " " , Natural .,.'. 70 !^otany of California 174 " to the aid of Geology 13,34, 49 Krandefcoe, T. S 125 I 'ritish Moss-flora 185 1-ulgaria spongiosa, n. sp 341 i;ulletiu of Torr. Bot.Club 32, 45 llun-ill, T. J 271 bursting of Fruit of Euphorbia corollata 20 Calamagrostis Howellii, n. sp 371 ' alifornia Plants 13i'i I alkius, W. U 57 Calluna vulgaris in Mass 140 Campanula scabrclla, u. sp < :anby, Wm, M ( arcx aurea " SuUivantii " " a hybrid ( 'am ivorons Plants .. 148,161,170,198, <'aruers New -System of Plants < drya, Dimorpho-Dichogamy in 270 243 94 169 307 377 11 Cafalpa speciosa, Wanler, n. sp 1, Cedar-apiiles ol If. S Cercospora Tili:u, n. sp Chupuianuia Characea' 20> Cheiromyces tinctus, n. sp (ihcnopodium viride • - Chesti ut, Crosn fertilization Chickcriu-i, J . W 144. 15.5, Chlorophyll 46, 67, Clethra, Anthers of Cob;ea scauclens Cochran, C. B Cocliicient of Contraction Colorado Nott-.s of M. S. Jones Colorado Plants Colored llowers and Insects Colors of some western flowers CommelynacejB Comparative View of Fl, lud Coniothyrium niiuutulum, n. sp Couoliea niultillda Convolvulus senium, Rootstocks of ■■ Coulter, Jno. M. .70, 95, 96, 10.5, 10(1, 174, 219, ;M1, 290, 301 Coulter, .\L S '"ox, C'has.F Cratfes-ue tomentos.-i, var. punctata Cross-fertilization of Baptisia tinctoria '• " " Chestnut Tree " " in Cruciferie Cryptogams, Evolution of " Terminology in ■■- Curtis.sA.II 65,136,137,138, Curtiss'N. Am. Plants ''.). Cynaroid (.'omposite, A new Cynosurus cristatus Cypripedium caudidum '' spectabile . . — ■ Darlington, Collection of Darwin, b'niiicis ... „ ••. ,• Davenport, Geo. E 30, 48, 131, 18., 3()4, Davis, .J.J Davis, J. T... •„■ DeBary, Modes of work in Laboratory 193, Delidiiuium scaposr.m, n. sp Destruction of Insects 1)V Kiiniii Development o) Heat in"PhYtelephas Diatryi)e augulare, u. sp Dic(aitra ochroleuca, n. sp Digestion in plants Dimorpho-Dichogamy in Juglaus and Gary a. Discella variabilis, n sp Double-staining of vegetable tissues Double Thalictrum Downingia p:ilchella DraOa Mogollonica, n. sp Early Plants . j. Eaton, D. C .131,^16, Echinocystis lobata, Trichomcs of Elfectsof uninterrui)ted sunliuht o" plants. .. Electric light, Veiiutation >inder Embi-yo-sac, ))ev(dopment of ... . .^- ■ — • Engelmann, <; 1, 63, i).i, , 27, 39, 53, «3, 75, 87, 88, 138, Gray's Bot. CoutrihutiouB Greene, E.L 56,64,156, 183, 198, (irowtli of Trees ( Jutteuberg, G <;yninosporaugia of U. S Halienaria brev'folia, ii. sp " Garheri, n. sp " v:resceu8 Halsted, B 1) Handbooks for Tourists Harvey, PL .15, 39, 50, 84, 91, 139, 189, 213, 230,273. Heat in Phytelephas Herbarium for sale " of Brown Uuiv Hieracium auraulirtcuin 248,^265, " cameum, u. sp Iligley, W. K 148, 161, 170, 198, Hill. E. J Holway, E. W 77, 177, Hoopes, .Josiah Howe, E. C 94, Howell, Thos. , I Hunter, E Hygienic and Therapeutic Relations of House Plants 213 161 43 220 248 121 42 302 42 301 158 138 31 264 28 1 273 141 70 63 46 143 274 210 Impurities of Drinking Water I'linois Plants Indiana Plants 69, In.sects and Flowers ! Intern ;il Hairs of Nympba'a and Nuphar Introdnci'il Plnnts of Dallas Co., Texas Isoetes laeustris Jackson, .Joseph .lames, Davis L .lames, .Joseph P Jones, M. S 11, 1.5, 40. .lum-iiH ruiriilosus, n. sp .,._ J uglans, Dimorph -Dichogamy in 11 2.57 38 95 264 296 185 106 217 31 177 2(19 218 135 63 20 248 215 243 138 149 273 184 207 259 243 90 169 267 178 80 141 71 259 31 250 10 228 SM2 2ti6 126 143 S>'\1 Kentucky Plant.« Kerguelen"s Land, Klnra of ,.44, 70 .... 30 Lankester. E. Ray 69 Large Piiff ball 290 Leaveiiwortliiu ill Mo. and Ark 230 '' The Genus 25 '• stylosa, n. sp , 26 '■ tojiilosa, n. sp 26 Lecythim macrosora, n, sp 35 J...emna minor. Development of. 152 Lennon. W. II . . 3^18 Lepidiiiui CiHui)estre, L 14 Leptolhyriuni chromospermum, n. sp 33 Liliiuii drayi 215 Linum IS'eo-.Mcxic.'inum, u. sp 18.J Lithospermum Cobreuse, n. sp 157 '• viride, n. sp 1.58 Littorella in Nova .Scotia.. . 4 Lockwood, S 14 Loouiis, E. .1. . . . 43 Lubhock, S'r J., Address of 268 Lysimachia thyrsiflora 246 Alagnolia graudiflora 270 Mail Rates for Bot. specfmens 32 Marine Algre of N. E 246 Murtiudale, I. (; .38,303 Marvbind Fungi 5, 200, 210 Mead, IS. B.. Death of 1.50 Meehan, Joseph . 264 Meehan, Thos 11, 63, 64, 75, 152, 219, 245, 247, 2,53, 265, 273. Melnnconium Typhre, n. ^p 275 Melica Hallli,n.''sp 296 Mesembryauthemum 88 Michigan Lake Shore Plants 76, 90 " Plants 57, 76, 90, 2.55, 2.59 Microscope, Preparing objects lor 27 Missouri Plants 230 Mistletffi 271 Mode.* of Teaching Botany 233 " Work in Lab. of Prof. DeBary. . .193, 204 Monthly Indt!X 95 Morgan, A. P Morong, Thos . . ... .50, 89, Moths Entrapped by an Asclepiad Movement of Frond of Asplenium Trich- otnanes 27, Mueller, Hermann.... Mycenastrum spinulosnm, n. sp NabalUR Ronnensis, n. sp. . . . 155, Narcissus Canariensis Nasturtium lacustre Nectar Glands of Populus Nesreaverticillata New Cyuaroid Composite New Jersey Trees New-Mexican Perns 19.5, " Plants, New Species 156, 183, New York Ferns Nolina in Colorado North Am. PL, Additions to 2-23, Notulre Exiguaj 53, 63, 75, Nova Scotia, Littorella and Schizaea in Nuphar, Internal Hairs Nymphacea- in Ark.... Nympha'a, Internal Hairs " odorata 164 290 17 43 93 240 191 84 264 284 274 2S3 270 220 21T 24S 56 235 87 4 250 139 250 266 Observations on Triticnm repens 40 Ohio Plants 44,274 Onagraceie, Stipules in 137 Origm and survival of types. . 83 Orobanclie, (iermination of 38, .53 Our Native Perns £64 I'ackard, A. S Painesville, Ohio, Notes from 43, Parasitic Plants, Germination and Growth. 38, Perk, Chas. II 33, 209, 226, 239, Peltandra Virginica ... Peutstcmon paucitlorns, n. sp '• pinilblius, n. sp Peronospora vilicola Perrett, Fannie J Perulai'i.i viroscc:ns Peziy.a spongiosa, n. sp Pbacidiuiu spursnm. u. sp Phaseolus narvuliis, n. sp Phonia al bas-triat'i, n sp " colonitn, n. sp Phyllosticta ,\stragali, n. sp Physalis griindillora Physiology of Plants Phytelephas, Heat in Phytography. A. DC 77, Pilen puniibi for sections Pinus I'.ontoi'ta, Viiality of seeds 54, " Revision of Geniis PIntanthera l)racteata Poa, Notes on " i)uri)urasceus, n. sp 17 53 53 274 219 218 218 177 291 63 35 35 217 33 34 275 90 175 243 99 244 62 58 63 297 297 INDEX CONCLUDED. Podophyllum peltatum ITS Pi)lomoniniii llnvuin, n. sp 317 I'oU'U of Pringloii 5aper and more serious ones to the editor. If it had escaped this ordenl, the attempt to get subscriptions and notes before beginning would have destroyed the last lingering spark of life the frost had left. But those dangers were avoided by acting in no such prudent way, but by starting as if all botanists were encouraging and there was a large subscription list pledged. The end of it was that the Gazette was not a paying investment for the first year, and not much better the second. The third and fourth years have seen a rapid advance, and the time has come at last when it seems that the Gazette is really able to completely pay its way. At the sime time the printed matter has been (juadrupled and the subscription kept at the original price. There iias been another favorable change. The first volume or two were mainly editorial, and as neither of the editors had had a particu- larly large botanical experience, there was sometimes a good deal of space devoted to a very little matter. Now the editor need not write at all with the object of supplying the call for ''copy," but only for the purpose of stirring up friends whose zeal begins to flag, and of convincing strangers that they had better be strangers no longer. In view of the fact, then, that in the struggle for existence the Gazette has seemed to be the fittest to survive, while others have perished, we would urge that botanists take vigorous hold and by means of sub- scri])tions, advertisements and contributions, make this volume unex- am[>led for its ra]:)id advance. C.ATALPA speciosa, Warder. — A middle sized tree with grayish- brown, much cracked or furrowed, at last slightly flaky bark and light, yellowish gray wood ; leaves large, truncated or more or less cordate at l:)ase, slenderly acuminate, soft downy on the underside, inodorous; flowers in large and loose panicles ; tube of the corolla conical, longer than wide, its lower ]:)art scarcely protracted ; upper lip before its ex- pansion longer tlran the other lobes and enveloping them, lower lobe BOTANICAL GAZETTE. bilobed, inside of corolla slightly marked at the throat with red brown lines, and with two yellow bands at the commisures \ unequal "seasoning," in the two sides of an nak post. The ]X'^' referred to is about four inches square; one end is sunk in the groonci and the other projects ten and one half feet above the surface. When placed in position some time ago it was straight and perpendicular; at the present time it leans toward the south, deviating a little over a foot from the perpendicular. The post was "set with the compass," and it is interesting to note that a north and south line lies in the pline of the curve. Experiments have given us the coefficients of expansion in differ- ent metals. Why may we not have exj^eriments to determine tiic coefficients of contraction in different woods, i. e., to determine die fractional decrease in length produced in rods of "green" wood, say I meter long and 2 cm. square, by the application of a steady ;■'""] absolutey dry heat for a given length of time ? The knowledge womu be of no practical importance perhaps, but it might bring out unsus- pected correlation between looseness of tissue and amount of contrac- tion.— C. R. Barnes, LaEayctte, hid. BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 5 Notes on Fungi. — The great drought which extended throughout Maryland in June and July, 1879, ^^^^ discouraging to the collector of Fungi. Very few Agarics appeared, and the Boleti, with the excep- tion of a few stunted forms, were not represented. Even in eastern Maryland, where the atmosphere is humid, the land low — woods often in swamps— plains intersected by narrow streams and broad rivers — there was a like scarcity of plants. For the past four years certain species of fungi have been plentiful in nearly all woods within the distance of thirty miles from Baltimore. In June and July. 1877, likewise in 1878, the woods near Lutherville, Baltimore county, was adorned wiili beautiful forms and glowing colors. This profusion continued at intervals until September, a few coming as late as November. The first and only perfect plant I collected in June, 1879, was A. [Copriniis] micaccus, Fr. It had chosen a low situation on a lawn that was kept constantly watered with, a hose. In this way it obtained sufficient moisture to reach perfection. The pileus was ovate, pale ochraceous or cinereous, i ^2-2 inches broad ; two were covered with micaceous granules, the rest were smooth; margin deeply striate, nearly plicate ; lamella?, at first white, turning to black; deliquescent; stipe hollow, white, silky ; spores .0003 x. 00035 of an inch long, .0003 of an inch broad; black; plant ciespitose. On the day that I found this Agaric, I asked a laboring man if he had seen any "Frog stools" in that section ? He looked at me earnestly, repeating : "Frog stools ! Why, they isn't come up yet. What does anybody want with them pison things ? You'll pison yourself to death !" A few days after this I met with the same man, and was greeted with the query : "Found any frog stools, yet ?" When I replied in the negative, he in- stantly said : "An' it's a blessed thing you can't find 'em! Better let frog stools alone 1 That's my advice to everybody." When turn ing to walk off, one of my companions heard him remark in an under tone: "Poor thing; crazy, certain sure. Clean gone mad!" During the great drought in July I met with Boletus sirobilaceus, Scop., growing solitary upon the summit of a high embankment. • Considering the jjarched and slippery grass that one had to pass over, it looked like a break neck excursion to attempt to reach it ; but with the aid of two stout sticks I succeeded in gaining the eminence. The plant was perfect in all its parts, with a pileus 2 inches broad. The wonder was how a spore could germinate in soil that was apparently without moisture ; but so it was. In ^'ery wet seasons this fungus often attains 10 inches across pileus. In the latter part of July, A. {Lcnfinas) Icpidcus. Fr. , appeared in profusion on an old stump in Druid Hill Park, near Baltimore. The stipes were scaly, rooting below and variously branched ; each branch bore a perfect pileus 2-4 inches broad, mostly convex, white, covered with small, pale brown scales; lamellfe white, decurrent; spores .00026 x .0003 of an inch in diameter. A. {Ai/iani(a) strohilifonnis, Fr. , appeared in Druid Hill Park about the same time. This is a majestic plant with a pileus 8-9 inches broad, dirty white cinerous and even ochraceous, covered with persistent warts not unlike the scales on a small pine cone; lamellte BOTANICAL GAZETTE. white to cream color; stipe 6-7 inches high, 1-2 inches thick, floccososquamose, bulbous, rooting, bulbs large and conical, extend- ine 6-8 inches below the surface, ring large, lacerated, volva short, encircling the bulb like a frill, lacerated at margin ; odor delightful, somewhat resembling that of our edible A. campefris, but more pow- erful; the aroma from the bulb is even greater than from the pileus ; spores .00057 X .00035 inch, plant gregarious; open places in woods. One more plant, Zylaria polymorpha, Grev., which grew on an old stump at Druid Hill Park, completed the collection made in June and July, 1879. The heavy rains of August brought Agarics and Boleti in both sec- tions of the State, but at no time were they so plentiful as in past years, neither did they continue later than the first week in September, in consequence of a second drought. Possibly, if one had explored eastern Maryland extensively, new and different forms might have been discovered, but with the exception of Panus strigosun, B. & C, found there only, the flora of the two sections was j^recisely the same, except that the plants from eastern Maryland were generally larger. A. {Amanita) muscarius, L., was remarkably beautiful, pileus 8-9 inches broad, canary yellow, covered with pale ochraceous warts ; margin striate; lamellae white; stipe 6-7 inches thick, bulbous; volva broken up skirting the bulb in large, heavy flakes; ring large ; fuga- ceous; spores .00026 x .00032 inch. In western Maryland this plant was scarce, dwarfed in size, and not to be found in woods it occupied in 1878. The pileus varies in color from ochraceous brown to canary yellow; the spores were also slightly smaller, .00018 x .00032 inch. A. {Amanita) ri'besccns, Pers., also a very handsome plant, had a pileus 8 inches broad, dark red to sienna red, covered with brown warts, margin striate ; lamellte white; stipe 7-8 inches high, bulbous, almost fringed with red scales; spores .00022 x. 00032 inch. In western Maryland the stipes were without one exception clothed with red scales, not marked or streaked with red as heretofore ; pileus 4-5 inches across; stipe 3-4 inches high; spores .00018 x. 0003 2 inch. The flesh in all turned red when cut or bruised, but this is not constant ; very often the flesh is white and unchanging. A. {Amanita) vaginatiis. Bull., from eastern Maryland, was unusually large and beautiful ; the pileus measured 6-7 inches across, more or less studded with scales at disk, not persistent, mouse gray, margin deeply and beautifully striate ; lamellae white, striped with a cottony substance ; stipe 6-7 inches hio^h, sericeo squamulose, hollow or stuff'ed, volva sheatlilike; spores .00032 X .00040 inch. The easy splitting of the stipe longitud inally seems to be a constant character in the fungus. In western Maryland, A. vaginatiis rarely measures more than 3-5 inches across pileus, variable in color, mouse gray or various shades of slate color, sometimes white ; lamellae with or without the cottony stuffing ; pileus with or without scales. A. {Amanita) nitidiis Fr. , was large in both sections of the State, with a pileus 6-8 inches broad, white with a tinge of umber, deepened at disk, covered with pale cinereous warts ; margin not deeply striate ; lamellae white, stipe 4-5 inches high, solid, squamose, attenuated upwards, bulbous at base, ring fugaceous ; BOTANICAL GAZETTE. spores .00024 X .00032 inch. A. {Amanita) solitanus, Bull., was another fine looking Agaric ; the pileus measured 6-7 inches across, covered with warts more or less erect at disk and tinged with ochre ; lamelliie white or cream color ; sripe solid, unequal, squamose, and even imbricated; bulb very large, rooting below, ring torn. This fungus has always appeared solitary until last summer, when I found two growing very near each other. The Lactarii were variable in size. Lactarius insulcus, Fr. , pileus 4-7 inches broad, margin sometimes distinctly striate, then faintly striate, again without striae ; at times faintly zoned, then plainly zoned, then zoneless; color various shades of yellow, often buff color ; lamelke concolorous ; stipe stuffed or hollow, pale shade of yellow ; spores .00032 of an inch in diameter, milk white and plentiful; taste extremely acrid. The stipes of several of these plants were lacunose. The Ritssidm from eastern Maryland were generally large R. virescens, Fr., came with a pileus as large as an ordinary breakfast plate, metallic green, varying in depth of color, more or less covered with patches or scales from green to ochraceous green and even yeilnw ; margin striate all the way round, then only at intervals ; lamellae white, brittle, more or less forked ; stipe equal, short, stuffed, white; spores .00028 x .0003 of an inch in diameter; taste pleasant. This plant appears in western Maryland with the same variations, but smaller. R. emctica, Fr. , measured 8 inches across pileus, variously shaded from bright red to sage color; lamellae white; stipe white stained with red ; spores 00036 of an inch in diameter ; taste acrid. R. aliitacca, Fr. , was about the same size, with a red pileus; buff colored lamellae and half colored spores ; very mild and pleasant to taste. R. rubra, Fr. , a remarkably handsome plant, the ornament of the woods wherever it grows, with its beautiful, glossy red or deep pink pileus, white lamellae, white or pinkish stipe, and acrid taste, was large and plentiful. Boletus luridus, Schteff, from both sections of the State, came glow- ing with color. Pileus 5-6 inches broad, bright red or scarlet shaded into bright yellow at martrin, excessively viscid, shining as if var- nished, convex or expanded; pores convex, at times adnexed, again nearly free, again free, dark brownish red, bright yellow with red around the orifices, then bright orange color; stipes red with brown reticulations, again reticulated with carmine. Heretofore the pileus of this fungus has been slightly tomentose, dark reddish brown, pinkish, and brick-red ; pores free, yellow, with red around the orifices ; spores .0006 X .00038 inch, dark olivaceous green. The flesh of this plant, when eaten into by insects, does not change to blue. I have found this to be the rule without one exception. In eastern Maryland I collected a curious Boletus, the name of which I do not yet know. Two plants seem undecided whether to remain Boleti or to become Agarics One was decidedly lamellated on one side nearly to the margin, the other lamellated only at intervals. The same plant ap- peared about the same time in western Maryland, but lamellated only as the pores reached the stipe. Two specimens of Polyporus applan- atus, Fr., I found growing in short grass about ten yards from an oak tree. The pileus of one plant measured 4 the other 5 inches across. 8 BOTANICAL GAZETTE. . There was evidently a struggle to adapt themselves to their new hab- itat. There were neither roots or dead wood for them to adhere to, and I concluded that some s vere storm had separated them trom the tree and placed them in their new position. The above plants comprise only a few out of the lari;e number I collected in 1879. Many that appeared in profusion during the Sum- mer and Autumn of 1878, were not with us in 1879. Perhaps the most conspicuous amongst the missing for their singular beauty as well as fur their offensive odor, were PhaUiis duplicatus, Bosc, and Phallus ij/ipudicus, L. I found Phallus duplicatus, in the early part of June. Three plants in three different periods of growth were close beside each other in an open place in the woods. The first form of this fungus is that of a puff ball, containing a tremulous mass i.f gelatine. Within this is P. duplicatus, with its rudimentary pileus and stipe pre- paring to burst through the volva. In the second period of growth it escapes the volva sufficiently to show the pileus, together with a por- tion of the stipe around which hangs a white reticulated frill looking like a beautiful lace drapery ; pileus 6-7 inches across, campanulate, lacunose and distinctly marked with variously formed reticulations; a portion of gelatine clings to it, which, from the action of air and light often turns amber color, giving a showy, transparent appearance. In the fully developed plant the external surface of the pileus rapidly passes into mucilage and drips away in deliquescent drops of a dark olivaceous green, almost black. The perforated apex is firmly attach- ed to the stalk and bordered with a delicate edge of white or cream color. Beneath the pileus the stalk is duiical and c 'vered with a reticulated drapery, which adheres for the space of one inch, when it flows off and hangs down loosely like a white lace frill an inch or so below the pileus. There is attached to the apex a lengthened drop of gelatine, two inches long, which hangs within the cavity of the stalk and seems to furnish its internal lining with mucilace. The pileus is lined with a smooth white skin slightly viscid. The stalk is 10 inches high, 1-2 inches thick, white, looking like carved ivory, hollow, with a white, smooth, glossy, internal lining, externally covered with small and variously shaped cavities which extend to the internal lining, but do not penetrate it, forming a substance somewhat like the fine tissues in bone, cutting hard and brittle ; exceedingly delicate at the base, and but for the volva which remains upright with its mass of gelatine, it would have nothing to support it. The volva is universal and com- posed "f a strong, rough looking, tough skin, whose sole duty seems, protection; within it, and extending to more than half its height, there is a partition or dividing wall of tough, thick white skin, this keeps the gelatine in place separating it from the stalk and holding it fast between the two walls. Strange to say I drove six miles in a public conveyance with three of these plants closely covered in a basket, without hearing a remark upon the abominable odor. By the time I reached my place of de.s- tination the smell had increased to such an extent that the flies near- ly devoured me, in their eagerness tc) get at the fungus. Worse than all there was an outcry through the house, one enquiring of the BOTANICAL GAZETTE. other what the loathsome smell could be, and where it came from. Each moment was filled with anxiety, lest my precious fungus, for which I had already endured so much, might be seized and carried off before I finished dissecting it. The pileus was crowded with beetles, and judging from the eaten |)ortion they must have relished it greatly for t'.iey had taken a hearty lunch. Phallus impudicus, which I found shortly afterward was equally offensive and attractive to flies and beetles. While it is interesting to observe the variations in the color, size and configurations of certain species of fungi, it is equally so to note their absence from one locality, f 'r an indefinite time, and perhaps their appearance in another. One is led to suspect that the spores either hibernate or are carried by the winds to far off sections like the seeds of some phiVinogamous plants; or there mav be in some seasons an absence in certain qualities in soil and atmosphere requisite for their germination. In sections where no changes have been made, such as draining the soil, cleaning out woods, or cutting down trees, we are constantlv missing ])lants for a period of one or more years as the following notes will show: In 1877, Ladarius volmum, Fr. , was plentiful from June to Septem- ber, but very slender in form. In 1878, not so plentiful, but very arge. In 1879, it- ^^^^ its old haunts and other plants took its place, though in some instances its place was unoccupied. A. {Tricholoma) 7'irescens, Pk , was plentiful in 1877, but has never appeared since. Boletus oniatipes, Pk., as well as many other plants that one could not go amiss for in 1877, were rare in 1878, none in 1879. For three successive years I found A. vaginatus, in one spot, on or about the fifteenth of July; in 1878 it was missing, but appeared plentifully in a distant woods. A. laccaius. Scop., was scarce in 1877, mostly to be found on dead leaves and sticks. In 1878 it carpeted the woods in some places three yards in diameter; in 1879, "^^t one was to be found in the same locality; it took a freak to visit a woods ten miles distant, and after having been small and unpretending in appearance it assum ed the most beautiful and fantastic shapes, as well as the brightest colors; ])ileus 4-5 inches across, conve.x, umbilicate or deeply infun- dibuliform ; lameila2 often bright reddish purple, with a deep flesh color or bright sienna-red pileus. Fistulina hepatica, Fr., has been rare for several years past, but last August old oak stumps as well as the projecting roots of oak trees, were crowded with it. At first sight it presented the most curious appearance, looking like large pieces of raw flesh or liver scattered about on the grass. It has a delightful acid taste. Monhella esculcnta, Pers., and Helvclla crispa, Fr. , so plentiful in 1877, has not been seen since. That beautiful little plant Cyathus vernkosus, DC, which abounded in nearly all gardens in 1878, was absent in 1879. During some seasons when other species are so plentiful the Trichogasters are poorly represented. In 1876, Geaster fimbriatus, Fr. , was abundant, but I have not found one plant since. In 1877, Lycoperdon gein»iutu?n, Fr. , crowded the woods in almost every section; one or two imperfect forms appeared in 1878, lo BOTANICAL GAZETTE. none in 1879. Lycoperdon cyathiforme, Bosc, numerous and very large in 1877, has not been with us since. Scleroderma vul^are, Fr. , plentiful in 1877, two imperfect forms in 1878, none \n 1879. — M. E. Banning. Notes on Some Introduced Plants in Dallas Countv, Texas. — These are notes on most of the naturalized plants in this county. Adonis autumnalis, L. , was imported by the French colonists in 1855, and appears in many fields and along the roads. JSasturtium officinale, R. Br., was first introduced about twenty years ago, but became common only within four or five years Capsella Bursa-pastoris, Moench. was ^een for the first time in 1865, but has become quite a common weed. Viola tricolor, L. var arvensis, Ging. , I am satisfied, is native. I have met it in large patches in remote woods and prairies, sometimes very far from settlements. The true V. tricolor has been naturalized in gardens and seems to be keeping its characters very constant. I believe the two may be considered good species. Portidaca oleracea, L., is certainly native, although it has been con- sidered by most of the botanists as an introduced species. It infests all cultivated fields. You may go 100 miles from civilization, break the prairie, and the second summer will be sure to see it covering your field This year in traveling on the northwestern frontier, far from any settlement, I have met it growing in prairie dogs' villages, in company with the P. pilosa and P. lanceolata, both considered native species. Tribidiis maximus, L., was introduced about i860. Abutilon Avicennce, Goert. , made its appearance about the same time. Conia occidcntalis, L., belongs to the same period. Anthe'iiis Cotula, L. , dates from 1875, ^''^"d since has been very com- mon in the city of Dallas. Jmpomea purpurea and / hederacea are common in some fields, but I have not the date of their introduction. Datura Tatula, L. , is very common and was naturalized long ago. Martynia proboscidca, Glox, is sparingly 1 aturalized, but seems spon- taneous in the West Verbena officinalis, L., is certainly nitive. It grows in all the sandy woods and wild praries. The roots are positively perennial, which does not agree with the description in the Synoptical Flora of Dr. (jray. Marrubium vulgare, L. , appears in the neighborhood of cattle and sheep lots after a few years of settlement. Boerhaavia viscosa. Lag., was first seen in 1876; B. stricta, in 1879. Rumex obtusifolia, L., seems perfectly at home in all damp ]:)laces. Chenopodium hxbridum, C. /nurale, C. ambrosioides and C. anthel- fninticuni, are more i)r less common, the last seeming perfectly indigen- ous.—J. Reverchon. BOTANICAL GAZETTE. ii DiMORPHO-DiCHOGAMY IN JuGLANS AND Carva. — Referring to a note by Mr. Pringle, in No. 12, Vol. 4, it may be interesting to note that in the grounds of Dr. Dunton, in Germantown, there is a very large Carya olivivformis, supposed to have been introduced to the gar- den through the agency of Mathias Kin, in the early part of the pres ent century, which bears nuts very freely every year, as I believe. The nearest tree that I know of its kind is at the Bartram garden, some fifteen miles away. Single specimens of /ii<:;lans cinerea are not uncommon in Germantown gardens, with other trees a quarter or a half mile away. Groups of them are not uncommon in the Wissa- hickon two or three miles away from the gardens. These trees gen- erally bear. Some years along the whole line of the Wissahickon there is not a nut to be found. When there are any at all, they are found on every tree. — Thomas Meehan. Mr. M. S. Jones' Colorado Notes. — Malvastrum coccinenm. — Without questioning the accuracy of Mr. Jones' determination, I yet teel moved to "suspend judgment" on the noxious qualities of this species. Tt seems so incredible that a malvaceeus plant should have this fearfully to.xic property, that it will be safer to believe the stock men have not sent the real culprit. "Twelve hundred sheep dying in four hours," does not strike those acquainted with the vegetation about Pueblo, and the nature of the ovine constitution, as being par- ticularly careful records of the facts. Ncillia Toirevi. — In addition to the pubescent ovaries, it maybe noted that the calyx and i)edict"ls have the same character, — the calyx indeed often quite woolly. This is parlicularl]^ the case with speci- mens I collected in 1871, in what is now Englemann's canon. This thick pubescence seems to follow all the forms found in Colorado, and is a good distinguishing mark from the Eastern species, N'. oppiilifolia. Beside there is another good character not noted by Mr. Watson, in the calyx, which has its sepals ohtuse, while in the Eastern species they are apiculate as the carpels are. Botanists speak of the N. Torrcvi as a "small species with small leaves and flowers," but this is only true as regards the altitude at which it is found. I have some specimens gathered in 1873, t^xact locality not noted, in which the whole plant was not probably over a foot high, with the leaves smaller than the most stunted Ribes rotuiidifolium, which in that conditifui, they much resemble. Some from the high hills at the entrance to South Park, through Golden Gate, gathered in 187 i, were from plants two to three feet high, — while the specimens gathered near the mouth of Englemann canon, in 1871, were from bushes, as large as the aver- age of those we see of N. opuUfolia in the East. Aqiiikgia chrysantha.—Mx. Jones says he ha.?, 'iQQn A"ch long, about .0002 of an inch broad, hya- line at one end, uniseptate near the other. Decaying wood. Mt. Washing' on. C. G. Pringle. The perithecia sometimes occur in long lines. When young the spores are colorless, but they soon become colored, except at one end, and contain two nuclei. Finally a septum is formed near the colored end of the spore. The species should be referred to the Ceraloso- mse. Sph^:ria LiCHENALis. — Perithecia scattered, minute, .oo8-.oiiof an inch broad, subhemispherical, erumpent, black; ostiola papilliform; asci oblong elliptical; spores crowded, oblong, nniltiseptate, fenes- trate, greenish-yellow, .0014-0016 of an inch long, .0004-0005 of an inch broad. Bark of Birch trees. Vermont. C. G. Fringle. The perithecia occupy a discolored spot which gives a lichenose as- pect to the fungus. Sometimes two or three are seriately crowded or confluent, in «hich case they present a hysteriiform appearance to the naked eye. The species, though peculiar in its habitat, may be re- ferred to the section Pleospora. Botanical G?&ette. Vol. V. APRIL, 1880. No. 4. Editorial. — Now that the season for collection and observation is upon us, it seems appropriate to call the attention of botanists to the importance of systematic and recorded work. Many points of inter- est in systematic botany are still waiting to be settled, while observa- tions in the department of physiology have been but begun. Else- where we have spoken of the great advantage of forming clubs for the better prosecution of this work, where such a thing is practicable. Of course some workers are necessarily isolated and must be carried through these labors by a pure love for them. But whenever a few can be brought together in a neighborhood and be induced to form a B itanical Club or a Natural History Society, the interest that will cer tainly be aroused and the enthusiasm with which observations and col- lections will be made will be productive of large results. There is a great deal of misdirected energy in botanical work, as well as in eve- ry other department of science. A man will collect, observe, record facts, spending much valuable time in getting together material that has already been collected, or is not important enough to justify the trouble. Magnifying small things is the great tendency in the ama- teur, who directs all his enthusiasm towards noting little distinctions and making them of such importance that he really cannot be made to realize that it all amounts to nothing. How many trivial letters from such misguided observers are sent annually to our leading botan- ists it would be hard to say. The worst of it is that these botanists are compelled to submit to such impositions in the hope of gleaning now and then a few grains of wheat from all this chaff. Now it is the tendency of botanical clubs to check such indiscriminate work. While through them the enthusiasm is greater, and interest in botany is rapidly disseminated, work can be better directed and made really valuable. Clubs can put themselves in communication with the best botanists, can become informed of the work that has already been done, and that is still waiting to be done. Members adding to- gether their information will be surprised now they can act as checks upon each other. Persons desiring to form a club, but not having experience sufficient to know tTie best methods, have only to send to the Torrey Club of New York for a copy of the constitution and by- laws. Then when a club is formed, and the work begun, care should be taken not to be so wrapped up in self as not to let any one outside know what is being done. It has always seemed as if it should be one of the important duties of a club to publish what is worth pub- lishing of its work. The simplest and most appropriate way for this to be done is for the secretaries of all botanical clubs to make it a part of their duties to send a synopsis of the proceedings of each meeting to the editor of the Torrey BuUctin or the editor of the Botanical .38 BOTANICAL GAZETTE. Gazette, and let these gentlemen cull out what seems suitable for publication. This is given as a suggestion and from an earnest desire to reach in some way the good work that is being done and to turn into useful channels energies that are being wasted. We mention these two publications only, because they are the only ones entirely devoted to the interests of botanists. Other journals could be men- tioned, but such notes as we speak of would not seem so fitting in them as more elaborate papers. There is good work enough to re- cord to keep the Torrey Bulletin and the Gazette both busy in sim- ply selecting the most important facts, and we hope that soon their pages will have to be increased in number to hold the notes which will come in on them like a flood. Germination and Growth of Parasitic plants. — Much interest has been manifested recently in regard to the germination ot that class of plants which have heretofore been regarded as parasitics, and ad- vocates are still found of both theories, — that they may germinate without attachment to a mother plant, and, that it is requisite for germination. Lindleysays: "According to the observation of Vau cher of Geneva, the seeds of Oivbanchc ramosa will lie many years inert in the soil unless they come in contact with the roots of Hemp,- the plant upon which that species grows parasitically, when they im- mediately sprout. Schl'auter states that they only seize seedlings, and are unable to attach roots of stronger growths." In the summer of 1878, I collected in abundance near Haddonfield, New Jersey, Oro- banchc minor, (see Botanical Gazette, Vol. 3, No. 9, September. 1878,) and as many of the specimens had ripe seeds I scattered 'hem with a liberal hand over the grass plot and flower beds in the vard at tached to my residence, hoping thereby for an opportunity to watch their development and growth ; but as not a single specimen made its appearance during the following year, I had almost concluded my e.xperiment a failure. A few days ago on going into my conservatory I was surprised to find I was there harboring three specimens, grow- ing in the flower pots with Geraniums. These Geraniums had been transplanted from the conservatory to the yard in the summer of 1878 and hence were growing in the flower beds when the seeds of the Or- obanche were scattered. In the fall of the same year they were re- transplanted to the conservatory ; the same process was repeated in the year 1S79. ^^^ ^^ the three specimens has been removed from the i)lace of growth, and I have been unable to find an attachment to the roots of the Geraniums in any way, to either the main root or any of the smaller young fibrous roots, hence I am led to believe this plant at least has had an independent existence ; the bulbous or en- larged base is much the same as that of the original specimens collect- ed, but there are more fibrous roots attached, and they are more cen- trally fixed underneath, as may be seen in the growth of the common onion; the specimens heretofore examined had more of a side devel- opment, as though the attachment to the root of the parent plant had absorbed somewhat of the substance or caused an unequal growth. BOTANICAL GAZETTE. JP Here we have two facts shown : — that the seeds of Orobanche minor may remain in the soil an indefinite time before germinating, and, that they do not require attachment in order to induce germination. As this species is parasitic on clover usually, and may have a prefer- ence for that, it is here shown that there may be a growth and full de- velopment without such service. One of these specimens measured lo inches in height and had 45 flowers on it, with a large number of buds undeveloped at the top. I now have hopes that the coming sea- son may give opportunity to watch their development still farther, as more of the seeds scattered in my yard may conclude, if they cannot find the proper foster parent, to grow without one. — Isaac C. Mar- TiNDALE, Camden, New Jersey. Some Arkansas Ferns. — Cheilanthes lanuginosa, Nutt., grows very abundantly upon limestone cliffs in the northwestern part of Arkansas. It can be found upon the escarpments of the wooded valleys that run inland from White river. I have found it inland two miles or more, and always on the north side of the valley in very dry situations, though it seems to like the shelter of projections. Its habitat is about the same as Notholcena dealhata, but I have never found them growing together. Asplenium pannilum is one of our common species in Arkansas. I have had this doubtful species under observation for sev- eral years, and have never been able to find intermediate forms or any reason for regarding it a variety of A. ebeneum. This species is found on dry ledges in this region, a situation in which I have never seen A. ebeneum. The latter is plentiful here but grows in rocky places in shaded woods. I have observed both species growing within a few feet of each other, in situations moist enough for both, and searched for intermediate forms but without success. Each retained its charac- teristics. Cystopteris bulbifera, Bernh , is a common form in the northern part of Arkansas. Specimens from Benton county collected upon rocks in moist places measured nearly two feet long. The species mentioned above have never been reported from Arkansas, so far as I know. IVoodwardia angustifolia may also be a'Ided, as I have seen specimens collected in the swamps of southern Arkansas. — F. L. Harvey, Ark. Ind. Univ., Eayette^nlle, Ark. Flora of Kerguelen's Land. — The question is asked in the March number of the Gazeite, whether the flora of Kerguelen's Land, "in which winged insects are either scarce or wanting," contains to any extent " flowers having showy petals or other properties attractive to winged insects." The elaborate recent memoir in the Transactions of the Royal Society, London, may answer the question. There are twenty one indigenous phaenogamous plants now known on Kergue- len's Land. Not one of them is showy flowered; of those that have petals at all the most conspicuous are the three species of Ranunculus^ which in this respect are about equal to our R. Cymbalaria; the others are Montia fontana, TiUera moschata and Limosella aguntica. — A. G. ^o BOTANICAL GAZETTE. Effects of Uninterrupted Sunlight on Plants. — Dr. Schuebe- ler, of Christiana, has published in the Norwegian Naturen the results of some experiments on the acclimatization of southern plants in Swe- den and Norway. His first experiments relate to the effect of the almost uninterrupted sun of Scandinavia on winter wheat. Samples from Bessarabia and Ohio sown showed in the first crop an increase in size and weight of grain, together with a deepened color. In- creased development of the pigment of plants is shown also in the common garden flowers of central Europe, which when raised in Nor- way take on richer color. Veronica scrpylHfolia, for example, changes from pale to deep blue, while TrientaUs Enropcea, naturally white, be- comes decidedly pink. Under continuous sunlight also plants which usually fold their leaves at night, such as Miviosa pudica, kept them always open. It is also found that the aroma of fruits and vegetables is much increased. Some of the most savory of European garden vegetables when grown in Norway become absolutely disagreeable to the taste. This increase of aroma points to what may and ought to become a profitable industry in the Scandinavian peninsula, viz., the raising ot those plants which are valuable for their yield of fixed and essential oils, inasmuch as the per cent, obtainable from a given weight is much increased by growth under these peculiar conditions. But while aroma, which seems tlius dependent on light is much aug- mented, sweetness, depending on heat, is correspondingly lessened by moving northward. This is especially noticeable in small fruits, such as the strawberry, plum, cherry, etc. Dr. Schuebeler's experiments extended over 30 years and doubtless the full text of the communica- tions would be most interesting. — C. R. B. Red Calyx in Sambucus Canadensis, L.— As ihe botanizing sea- son is again upon us it may be well to publish tlie following note of observations made last summer in this vicinity. By accident I found a bush of the common Elder in which every calyx was of an intense bright purphsh-pink color, and this was true of all the flowers and un- expanded flower-buds on the whole plant. Pedicels and peduncles were the usual white, but all, including the calyx, were decidedly hirsute. A further examination proved that about one-fourth of all the shrubs in that patch had the calyx more or less tinted there being about 30 in all. During the remainder of the summer I examined a. great many plants and found the calyx more or less colored and hirsute in near one-third observed. In every instance where the calyx was tinted it was also hairy, but in two examples I found the calyx hairy but not tinted. The color was near that of red aniline. The plants that grew in rich alluvial soil appear to be most frequently colored. — J. Schneck, Mt. Canriel, III. Observations on Remarkable Forms of Triticum repens. — I am indebted to VVm. Boott, Esq., for the following: "In the , English Flora Sir James Smythe says under Triticum repens, 'Schrader describes a remarkable state of this grass figured in Leen, t. 12, f. 4, i» BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 41 in which a great part of the spikelets in the lower portion of the spike are double, or in pairs, contrary to the generic character.'" The above remarks were sent me by Mr. Boott, on seeing my lists of 1878 and 1879, which contain some remarkable forms of Triticum repens. No. 1578 (from Colorado) is characterized generally by involute, nar- row, rigid, faindy nerved leaves, glumes and palets but slightly nerv- ed, short awned. Some specimens have 9 joints to the rachis of spike, lowest joint with single spikelet (as in normal specimens of T. repens), the upper three the same, but all the rest with double spike- lets at each joint. Another has 11 joints, lowest one double, all the rest single. From the same root is another stalk with 15 joints, low- est one single, next three double, rest sintzle. Others have 13 joints, 7 double (always the lowest double unless stated otherwise); 18 joints, 8 double; 19 joints, 12 double; 22 joints, 15 double. From the same root as last is one with 22 joints, lowest single, next nine dou- ble. From Utah, under Nos. 1004a and 15 16, are two very distinct forms, (i)"the mountain form with broad, flat, green, nerved leaves; broad, acute, green, conspicuously nerved glumes and palets; (2) the form of the dry and heated valleys, with very long and narrow spikelets (over one inch long), whole plant glaucous ; leaves rigid, involute, rather short, narrow ; glumes and palets almost horny, smooth, scarcely nerved. Under (i), I have two specimens with 13 joints, lowest three triple spikeleted, rest double. Others have 10 to 15 joints, lowest one double, all the rest single. Others have 25 to 30 joints (very lone; spikes), lowest five double. Under (2), are some with about 18 joints, lower half all double. Others have 18 jomts, all single but the third from the bottom, which is double. One other has 18 joints, lowest one double, next two single, next three double, the rest single. I have many specimens of the most remarkable forms (besides those already sent out) as well as very many of these forms of T. re- pens with only single spikelets. I have shown the most remarkable forms to Dr. Vasey, who considers them remarkable forms of T. fe- pens. These forms with double spikelets are not uncommon, for I have found them in many places in Colorado and Utah. That the distinction of double spikelets in Elymus tends to be broken is shown in forms of E. condensatiis and triticoides which often have the lowest joint single spikeleted, and the upper five also. Two or more single spikelets often occur in both the above and in E. are- narius, Sibiricus and occasionally in E. Canadensis. In most of the eastern species, the glumes of Elymus form an ap- parent involucre, and to the amateur do not seem to be glumes, but in Elymus arenarius, L. and condensatus, Presl. , in all the spikelets of the former and the upper ones of the latter, they are attached to the spikelets as closely as in Tritiaan repens, and more closely than in T. ■violaceum, especially the long awned form. A question asked by one of our leading botanists will find a good place here : "What is there to distinguish Elymus Sibiricus from Triticum violaceum but the double and single spikelets," and if these fail, what then ?- Marcus E, JONES. 42 BOTANICAL GAZETTE. Some Notes of Rare Ferns.— On the trip to Ocala last December we noticed quantities of the beautiful Aster Carolifiianus, full of large bright blossoms, growing all along the Ochlavvaha river. About Ocala the flowers were scarce just then, but I gathered a large number of fine Aspkniinn firmiifu, two forms of A. myriopliylhtm and two forms of Pteris Cirtica. When I saw the number of flourishing plants I had no fear of destroying localities, and was able to secure entire ferns for my specimens. I was also successful in getting a goodly quantity of fruited Polypo- dii/fti Plum Ilia from a monster Live Oak in a deep forest near St. Au- gustine. This is the first time that I have collected this fern in really good condition. Though one of our prettiest ferns it gives more trouble in pressing than any other one, I think. This is caused by the extreme elasticity of the rhachis, which is so great that the frond 7vi/l not stay as it is placed, and by the rolling up of the pinnae. Unless placed in an extremely wet atmosphere they will not uncoil, and then they are all ready to curl right up again unless pressed at once. I have collected also excellent specimens of Acrostichum aiireiim. Some of these are simply upper sections of fruited fronds, and some show the entire fertile frond. The latter are five or six feet long and are very handsome ferns. — Mary C. Reynolds. Rhus Toxicodendron. — I notice in the Gazette for October, 1879, an account of an unusually large specimen of Rhus Toxicoden- dron. As every botanist knows, this species is usually prostrate or creeping over walls^and fences and at the north rarely high climbing, the stems seldom more than a half inch in diameter. It was with as- tonishment, therefore, that I noted during the winter of 1879 the enormous specimens among the timber along the Grand river in the Cherokee Nation. Many of them were not less than six inches in diameter and climbing to the tops of the tallest trees, thus rivaling Te.co??ia radicans and Vitis. Here in Missouri the largest trees along the streams have been felled and most of the old si)ecimensof the RJuts which clung to them been destroyed; still, very large specimens are frequent. I note that while R. txphina is the most abundant species in northern New Eng- land, R. copallina is largely in excess of the others here in the south- west.— William F. Flint, Bozvcrs Mills, Missouri. [, CoMMELYNACE.E.. — At a meeting of the Linnean Society on Feb. 5, Mr. C. B. Clarke gave an oral re'suvie' of this order, which he had lately worked out for DeCandolle's " Prodromus." He defined the order by the position of the embryo, as not surroundeil by albumen, but closely applied to the embryostega, which is always remote from the hilum. An important auxiliary character is that the three seg- ments of the calyx are always imbricated, so that one is entirely out- side of the two others. Mr. Clarke divides the Commclxnacecp mto BOTANICAL GAZETTE. 43 three tribes, as follows : i. Folliece, fruit indehiscent; 2. Cotnmelynece, capsule loculicidal, fertile stamens 3-2 ; 3. Tradescantiea:, capsule loc- ulicidal, fertile stamens 6-5. He also alluded to the manifest and miportant change of color in the petals of several of the Comuielyna- ce(B — Q. g., Aneilcma versicolor^ where from a bright yellow when fresh, they become a deep blue when dry. — N'aiure. Automatic Movement of the Frond of Asplenium Tricho- MANES. — In a letter to Dr. Gray in reference to the above article in the March Gazette, Mr. E. J. Loomis says: The motion instead of being " in the plane of the fron'l," is really at right angles to it. Four other fronds starting from two different roots exhibit motion, but in less degree than the one first noticed. These are not new fronds, but are old ones which were fully developed as to size when taken up, but have fruited since transplanting. It seems to me that the motion is confined, not only to the fruitful fronds, but to the pe- riod of fructification, since these four fronds have been subjected to the same condition as the first, but have exhibited motion only since fruiting began. The stimulus of artificial light is sufficient to excite motion in the fronds for a {qw minutes, but after the lapse of five or six minutes the motion ceases and is not resumed. I have noticed that the end of the frond does not describe a straight line but it moves in a long and very narrow ellipse, with the hands of a watch. The motion is more vigorous and through a larger arc in the middle of the day. Some Florida Ferns for Sale. — Miss Mary Reynolds, of St. Au- gustine, Florida, has pressed beautiful specimens of some rare Florida ferns. She has a large number of duplicates for sale, and the low prices will enable every botanist interested in ferns to procure speci- mens. The species are Asplenium firimim, A. myriophylliim, Pteris Cntiea, Polypodium Plumiila, and Acrostichum aureum. The first four can be procured for fifteen cents each. Upper sections of the fertile frond of the Acrostichum cost from 20 to 60 cents; same with entire small sterile frond, 60 to 90 cents; entire fruited frond, one dollar. Notes from Painesville, Ohio. — Dr. H. C. Beardslee has sent specimens of Scirpus afro7