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Ex Libris
The Pennsylvania
Horticultural Society

From the library of
MARY HELEN WINGATE LLOYD
given by her sons

V

Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2016

https://archive.org/details/botanicgardencon04maun

PhaLangium liliag.

I'akuupelis scabr;

Chalcedonicum.

Lupinus polyphyllui

73

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WITH

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OTHER INTERESTING INFORMATION

simpkix asd Marshall, stationers harl court,

SHERWOOD .AND C°. PATERNOSTER ROW

THE

BOTANIC GARDEN;

CONSISTING OF

HIGHLY FINISHED REPRESENTATIONS

OF HARDY

ORNAMENTAL FLOWERING PLANTS,

CULTIVATED

IN GREAT BRITAIN;

WITH

THEIR NAMES, CLASSES, ORDERS, HISTORY, QUALITIES, CULTURE,
AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS.

BY

B. MAUND, F.L.S.

VOL. IV.

“Not a tree,

A plant, a leaf, a blossom, but contains
A folio volume. We may read and read,

And read again, and still find something' new,
Something to please, and something to instruct.”

Hurdis.

Horizon :

SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL, STATIONERS* HALL COURT:
SHERWOOD AND CO., PATERNOSTER ROW.

1831—2.

nt4

PREFACE.

The close of another volume of our labours affords us an oppor-
tunity of ag-ain meeting- our friends in a preface. Our work has
now spread over eight by-gone years, and we cannot affect in-
sensibility in congratulating, not only ourselves, but the hun-
dreds who have felt so warm an interest in the Botanic Garden,
that its success is still unabated. Its circulation has increased
with its continuance; its friends, of course, with its circulation;
and based, as it is, on economy, and, perhaps, it may be allow-
ed us to add, on changeless and careful execution, it may reason-
ably be anticipated that the sphere of its popularity will progres-
sively enlarge.

There are very few works that, in progress of time, do not, for
want of materials, exhaust or diminish the pleasure which they
originally excited : our sources, on the contrary, become richer
and richer; our materials increase as we proceed. The immea-
surable supplies which the blessings of peace have opened to us
appear inexhaustible. Various parts of the globe are daily add-
ing- to the beauties of our open borders ; and of late years, by the
accumulation of exotics, the British parterre may be thought to
rival the glowing profusion of the tropics.

The utility of an acquaintance with the riches and beauties of
vegetable nature, which embellish every villa and cottage, is now
universally felt; and it can scarcely be doubted, but that in

conformity with this feeling, every scholastic establishment, as-
suming the least pretension to respectability, will, ere long,
enumerate Botany amongst its principal studies. Ignorance
of the plants which daily meet the eye, will then subject every
one to the same pity or censure as a deficiency in other attain-
ments. Nothing, surely, more rational can be taught than a
knowledge of those things which we perpetually mix with.

Independently of the extension of that knowledge which is so
closely allied to our existence, in respect of our food, clothing,
and habitations, the study of the vegetable creation may be en-
couraged for its own sake ; for the sake of the delights it affords.
This is feelingly referred to by the late President of the Linnean
Society, who says, One idea is indeed worthy to mix in the pure
contemplation of Nature, the anticipation of the pleasure we may
have to bestow on kindred minds with our own, in sharing with
them our discoveries and our acquisitions. This is truly an ob-
ject worthy of a good man, the pleasure of communicating vir-
tuous disinterested pleasure to those who have the same tastes
with ourselves; or of guiding young ingenuous minds to worthy
pursuits, and facilitating their acquisition of what we have al-
ready obtained. If honours and respectful consideration reward
such motives, they flow from a pure source. The giver and the
receiver are alike invulnerable, as well as inaccessible, to envy,
jealousy, or rivalship, and may pardon their attacks without
an effort.

With an increasing taste for rational and refined pursuits;
with an increasing fund of materials to administer to its gratifi-
cations; and, we hope, with some benefits arising out of expe-
rience, there is reasonable ground for presuming that the Botanic
Garden will every year add new patrons to old ones, till its
flowers are known to all who can feel the pleasures of applying
its precepts to practice.

CALAM'PELIS SCA'BRA.

ROUGH-PODDED CA LAMPED IS.

Class. Order.

D1DYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA.

Natural Order.

BKiNONIACEA! .

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Chile.

20 feet.

Aug. Nov.

Perennial

in 1823.

No. 289.

The name of this beautiful climber is derived
from that all comprehensive language the Greek ;
kalos and ampelis, signifying pretty vine, being
the two words of which it is compounded. Scabra,
from the Latin, rough, is applied to it in reference
to the peculiarly rough or wrinkled fruit-pod which
it bears.

Being of late introduction to Great Britain, it is
yet but partially known to the English cultivator ; and
to some persons, who happen to be familiar with the
plant, its present name may, possibly, be new. It
was first distributed as a species of Eccremocarpus,
but subsequent and more accurate examination, has
proved it to be a distinct genus.

There is not, perhaps, any class of plants in which
so great a deficiency is experienced, in the flower gar-
den, as in that of hardy climbers. Hence, it is with
peculiar satisfaction, that we introduce the present
subject to the notice of our friends ; and we hope to see
it generally adopted as one of our trellis ornaments.

Where walls of southern aspect are preoccupied
by fruit trees, a plant of the Calampelis scabra may,
without much evident intrusion, be added thereto;

73

and thus may the ornamental be combined with the
useful. Its foliage does not possess a heaviness of
character which would render it unsightly in such
situation ; for it would ramble freely and lightly a-
mongst the branches of a wall fruit tree, attaching it-
self thereto by its wiry tendrils, and by its long ra-
cemes of orange flowers would relieve the barren
effect of the bare branches, when despoiled of their
more substantial recommendation.

If so trained, some advantage would probably ac-
crue by the Calampelis being planted immediately
against the main stem of the tree, to which it may be
tied, till it has attained the height required for spread-
ing, right and left, over the branches of its intended
nurse. Thus the trunk would be afforded a shade,
which some horticulturists have very reasonably con-
ceived to be highly beneficial. Wall fruit trees, par-
ticularly the apricot, nectarine, and similar sorts, fre-
quently have cracks in their bark, where the sap ex-
udes from their trunks and large branches. This is
in general prevented by a partial shade in summer,
such as would be afforded by the spreading boughs,
when growing as standards, in a state of nature.

This plant may be propagated from seeds, and as
far as our own experience has proved, plants so raised,
grow more freely than those from cuttings. The seed-
lings should be raised in a hotbed, and be kept in pots,
with a little protection in winter, till the following
spring. They may then be put into the open groimd,
against a wall or trellis, and trained thereto. A slight
protection, in frosty weather, should be given to it;
and it should be particularly observed that the roots
be amply defended from its severity.

Sweet’s FI. Gard. s. 2, 30.

PHALAN'GIUM LILIA'GO.

GRASS-LEAVED PHALANGIUM.

Class. Order.

HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

ASPHODELS*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in Duration.

Cultivated

S. Europe.

1 foot.

May, June. Perennial.

in 1596.

No. 290.

Phalangium from the Greek, phalaggion, a
spider; a name adopted from Dioscorides. Linneus
objected to it, as properly belonging to an insect, 1)111
the French botanists having divided his genus An-
thericum, again restored it. The term, doubtless,
originated in a fancied likeness between some parts
of the plant and the insect; or from its supposed
virtues as an antidote to the bite of venomous spiders ;
therefore, is equally as admissible as many other
names. Liliago, signifies little lily.

In a former number we published the Anthericum
liliastrum, to which the present plant bears a strong
resemblance, only that it is smaller in all its parts.
They were formerly considered as more closely con-
nected, being included in one genus, the Phalangium
liliago, being then the Anthericum liliago.

It is a border flower of long standing in English
gardens, and though not of so gay an aspect as many
others, still its slender unobtrusive foliage and delicate
flowers, will not fail to recommend it to notice.

It should be planted in a dry warm situation, though,
when in flower, a little shade would much prolong the
show of its unassuming blossoms.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 2, 269.

LUPi'NUS POLYPHYL'LUS.

MANY-LEAVED LUPINE.

Class. Order.

MONADELPHIA. DECANDR1A.

Natural Order.

LEGUM1NOSAJ.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Columbia.

3 feet.

July, Aug.

Perennial.

in 1826.

No. 291.

The name, Lupinus, is said to have been derived
from Lupus, a wolf; in reference to a quality of the
plant, by which it is said greatly to impoverish the
soil, by devouring its fertility. Polyphyllus is dedu-
ced from polu, many; and phullon, a leaf; a
term which is not inaptly applied to this species, nor,
indeed, would it be to most others of the same genus.

This is one of the most beautiful and desirable Lu-
pines with which we are acquainted. Its free growth,
the length and compactness of its racemes of flowers,
as well as their colour, all combine to recommend it
to notice. It should be observed that it is particularly
advantageous to raise plants of it from seed, by which
means some of the tallest and most luxuriant varieties
will be produced. Within the last seven years, nearly
twenty showy species of Lupines have been introdu-
ced from America, chiefly through the exertions of
the Horticultural Society, to which every lover of a
flower garden stands greatly indebted.

This plant may be divided, in the spring, for in-
crease; or, it is readily raised from seeds, sown in
the open ground, in A pril. A light loamy soil, and
rather dry situation, are very suitable.

Bot. Reg. 1096.

*

LILIUM CHALCEDON'ICUM.

SCARLET MARTAGON.

Order.

MONOGYN1A.

Natural Order.

LILIACB.E.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

Levant

2^ feet.

June, July.

Perennial.

in 1596.

No. 292.

Lei os, signifying- well polished, is supposed to have
been the original word on which the Greeks founded
their appellation leirion, and hence our Lilium; a
term used by us, as its original was, formerly, by the
Greeks, to designate a tribe of magnificent plants;
but it is probable that their name took a much wider
range over the produce of the east, than, in these days
of scientific acumen, is permitted to our Lilium.
Chalcedonicum, from Chalcedon, an Asiatic city.

This old favourite was known in our gardens be-
fore the days of Gerard, and as he calls it the Red
Lily of Constantinople, it may be presumed that it
was brought thence to England. In all ages man has
sought for natural objects of beauty, and it may be
questioned whether, as far as circumstances would
admit, equal zeal in collecting plants, did not exist
three centuries ago, as at the present day.

It is certain that several beautiful varieties of Lilies
were then possessed, which must have originated
from attentive propagation, and which have long since
been lost.

It is increased by offsets of the bulbs, which should
be removed whilst vegetation is suspended.

Hort. Kew. 2, v 2. 242.

Class.

HEXAN11RIA.

VERBE'NA CHAM./EDRIFO'LIA.

GERMANDER-LEAVED VERVAIN.

Class. Order.

DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA.

Natural Order.

VERBENACEiE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

BuenosAyres

1 foot.

May, Oct.

Perennial.

in 1827.

No. 293.

Wliether the generic term Verbena, was originally
used as the name of a particular plant is not certain.
According to Pliny, it was given, by the Romans, to
a tuft of grass which they made use of in their re-
ligious ceremonies; and, very probably, to other
herbs so employed. It was synonymous with the
name sagmina. Chamaedrifolia, from Chamaedrys,
which is an old name for a collection of plants that
are now distributed over several genera, but have
principally fallen into that of Teucrium.

This plant is sometimes known as the Verbena
melindres, it having been published under that name
in the Botanical Register ; but chamaedrifolia is a
specific title which has prior claims to adoption, it
having been previously published by Jussieu and
Sprengel, and with propriety followed by Mr. Sweet.
As in the case of Geum Chiloense, we think it impor-
tant to follow that nomenclature which is most likely
to become universal.

This is one of the most delightful little plants that
has lately come under our notice. Its intense brilli-
ancy of colour surpasses all that we have met with ;
and though no glossiness exists on the flower, it has

74

a dazzling effect on the sight, not unlike the lustre of
polished metal. The eye cannot rest upon it without
evident uneasiness. If any artist or artizan, in the
pride of his heart, assume to himself excess of merit
for the tints he has produced, or rather, that he has
discovered, let him look on the Verbena chamsedri-
folia, and subdue the intemperate heat of his imagina-
tion. Nothing surely can be better adapted to turn
man’s thoughts off his own self-sufficiency than the
works of nature. Wherever he rests his attention,
whether on matter organized or unorganized, there
he will discover convincing evidence of his own igno-
rance ; and at the same time, the omnipotence of a
first great cause will be impressed on his mind, and
influence his understanding.

The demands of this plant, under cultivation, are
few and simple. In a rich light soil, and warm situa-
tion, it flourishes exceedingly. It scarcely attains a foot
in height, but spreads freely on the surface of the soil ;
and if the branches be hooked down, or a small stone
be placed on them at each joint, they strike root with
great freedom, and often do so without any such at-
tention, and thus an increase is effected with rapidity.
Cuttings of the young branches, planted under bell
or hand glasses, on a hotbed, make root so readily
that if taken from the ends of the shoots, the buds
thereon will flower with the same beauty as though it
had not been removed from the parent plant. It is
indeed an incessant flowerer, and, though the ther-
mometer has been at about twenty degrees below
freezing, within the last three weeks, we now have
it under the mere protection of the cold frame and a
mat, bearing flower buds in perfect health.

Sweet’s FI. Gard. s. 2, 9.

VERON'ICA PINNA'TA.

WING-LEAVED SPEEDWELL.

Class. Order.

DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

SCROPHULARINiE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Siberia.

2 feet.

June, July.

Perennial.

in 1776.

No. 294.

A difference of opinion has long existed respecting
the pronunciation of the word Veronica. As its de-
rivation cannot now be determined, we think it best
to comply with the most prevalent usage, which cer-
tainly gives the accent to the second, and not to the
third, syllable. The name is supposed by some
authors, to have been borrowed from that of a Saint
of the Roman church, with whom is connected a relic,
kept at St. Peter’s, at Rome. This relic, called a
Veronica, from vera, icon, a true image, is a
handkerchief, bearing a likeness of the face of our
Saviour; by some said to be the one that covered his
face in the sepulchre ; whilst others say it was used
by him on his way to Mount Calvary, when it was
miraculously impressed with the likeness of his face.

The Veronica pinnata is one of the prettiest of the
genus. The lightness and elegance of its pinnate
foliage ; the neat upright growth of its stems ; and
the delicate tint of its flowers, all combine in its re-
commendation to notice. •

It will grow in any common soil, and may be di-
vided every year, at the usual seasons, if increase be
us frequently required.

Hort. Kew. 2, v 1. 28.

RANUNCULUS PLATANIFO'LIUS.

flore pleno.

PLANE-TREE-LEAVED CROWFOOT.

Class. Order.

POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA.

Natural Order .

RABUNCDLACBA.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Germany.

2 feet.

June, July.

Perennial.

in 1769.

No. 295.

The name Ranunculus is generally allowed to have
had its orgin in the Latin word rana, a frog; in con-
sequence of some of these plants growing in moist
situations, such as are inhabited by frogs. Platani-
folius, from platanus, the plane-tree, and folium, a
leaf. It is to be regretted that botanists ever estab-
lish names on the comparison of plants. The practice
can but be considered very imperfect, inasmuch as
it supposes a previous knowledge of a plant not
present; and furthermore, confusion is created by
the change of genera consequent on the extension of
the science.

This plant is the Ranunculus aconitifolius of Curtis,
and frequently known by the name of Fair Maids of
France. Its delicate and neatly formed blossoms
make it a great favourite with most cultivators.

It will not flourish in every soil and situation, as
many have proved, who possess only a damp worn-
out soil, in a smoky situation. In a rather sandy
reddish loam, and a pure atmosphere, it will not fail
to prosper, and to produce great plenty of its delicate
flowers. It may be divided at the root, either in
autumn or spring.

Hort. Kew. 2. v. 3, 354.

CORTU'SA MATHI'OLI.

MATHIOLUS’S BEAR’S-EAR SANICLE.

Class. Order.

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

PRIMULACE/E.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

Austria.

6 inches.

May, June.

Perennial.

in 1596.

No. 296.

Cortusa is a name given by Mathiolus, in honour
of his friend Jacob Antonio Cortusus, professor of
botany at Padua; and the trivial name was subse-
quently added in honour of Mathiolus himself.

This plant approaches too nearly to the primula
tribe to be uninteresting to any of our readers.
Though it has been an inhabitant of English gardens
during the last two or three centuries, still as it cannot
exist under careless management and neglect, it is
oftentimes lost, and as often regretted.

Its leaves are stated by Mathiolus to possess a rube-
facient quality ; and Curtis suggests that they should
supply the place of rouge, on the pallid cheek of the
fair belle, who has been unduly immured within the
precincts of a crowded city. It is a simple applica-
tion of the leaf to the skin awhile, which is said to
produce the delicate redness; and which after some
time will disappear without injury.

The Cortusa is most successfully kept in a pot of
loam and peat. Shade, and a tolerably free supply
of water in summer, with the cold frame protection
in winter, combined with a moderate degree of at-
tention, will preserve it in good health.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 1, 310.

'

DAHLIA SUPER/FLU A.

DAHLIA.

Blood-red, short disk, Anemone-flowered variety.

Class. Order.

SYNGENESIA. POLYGAMIA SUI’ERFLUA.

Natural Order.

CORYMBIFERiE .

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Mexico.

5 feet.

Aug. Oct.

Perennial.

in 1789.

No. 297.

The name of our present universally admired genus
has unfortunately been subjected to change, and
doubts on the propriety of using Dahlia or Georgina
are continually heard. Some truly English hearts
have yielded a preference to the latter, believing it
to have been adopted in honour of our late revered
sovereign, George III. in whose reign it was intro-
duced ; but this is not the fact ; it was chosen in com-
pliment to a Russian botanist, named Georgi. Dahl
was a botanist of Sweden.

It is said that a genus has already been established
under the name Dahlia, but such genus is certainly
unknown to England. The character implied by the
trivial name, superflua, has proved, as we formerly
expected, inconstant; and another name, pinnata,
which has been partially adopted, implies a character
that is also variable. Specific distinction is, perhaps,
unimportant, for we really believe that our gardens,
at present, possess but one true species.

The Anemone, and Globe, flowered varieties pos-
sess novelty and beauty; we, therefore, give a list
of them, and an estimate of their worth; soliciting
indulgence for variation of quality and opinion.

75

ANEMONE-FLOWERED DAHLIA.

FIRST QUALITY. FEET.

Buff-rayed, gold disk, height, 4 to 5

Large rose-coloured, full flower, 4 to 5

Painted Lady, pink, striped with carmine, 3 to 4

Blood-red, short disk, very compact, 4 to 5

Light purple, mottled, compact, 4 to 5

Sweet-scabious-flowered, compact, 3 to 4

SECOND QUALITY.

Striated buff, a free flowerer, 4 to 5

Early blood-red, compact, 5 to 6

Tricuspidatum, marone, compact, 3 to 4

THIRD QUALITY.

Flamed buff, thin flower, 3 to 4

Large pink, somewhat loose, showy, 4 to 5

Spectabilis, pale red, showy, 3 to 4

Large crimson, loose, showy, 4 to 5

GLOBE-FLOWERED DAHLIA.

FIRST QUALITY.

Dark crimson, or purple, 3 to 4

Crimson bonnet, very compact, not free-flowered, .... 4 to 5
Dwarf blood-red, compact, 3 to 4

SECOND QUALITY.

Purpurea, compact, 3 to 4

Neat crimson, small, compact, 3 to 4

Tall blood-red, 4 to 5

Very double, iron red, small, very compact, 3 to 4

Iron red, large, compact, 3 to 4

THIRD QUALITY.

Lilac, 3 to 4

Crimson, somewhat loose, 4 to 5

Blood-red, 2 to 3

Feathered, light crimson, loose, 5 to 7

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 5, 87.

ESCHSCHOLT'ZIA CALIFOR'NICA.

CALIFORNIAN ESCHSCHO LTZI A.

Class. Order.

POLYANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

PAPAVERACRA5.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

California.

1 foot.

July, Oct.

Perennial.

in 1826.

No. 298.

Eschscholtzia after Dr. Eschscholtz, the Physician
of Captain Kotzebue’s expedition. Californica, from
California, a peniasula of the western coast of North
America, where this plant was discovered by the
London Horticultural Society’s Botanical Collector,
Mr. David Douglas.

The beautifully rich yellow colour of these flowers,
which so nicely harmonizes with the delicate foliage
of the plant, at once recommends it to favour. Though
of perennial continuance, in the warmth of its native
country, it must here, in the open garden, be culti-
vated as an annual.

Seed should be sown in a hotbed in March, and
as these plants, like most others of the natural order
to which they belong, are impatient of removal,
when they are an inch high they should be carefully
transplanted into small pots separately. In this state
they may remain in the hotbed, a fortnight or longer,
till they are well established; after which they should
be turned into the borders to flower. In this last
operation care should be taken that the plant, with
the whole ball of earth, about its roots, be turned
from the pot and deposited in the border unbroken.

Sweet’s FI. Gard. 265.

DIGIT A'LIS MI'NOR.

DWARF FOX-GLOVE.

Class. Order.

DIDYNAM1A. ANGIOSPF.RMIA.

Natural Order.

SCROPHULARIN*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Spain.

t foot.

July, Aug.

Perennial.

in 1789.

No. 299.

The name of the present genus originated in the
Latin word digitale, signifying the finger of a glove,
the application of which is self-evident. Minor, less,
in comparison with others of its genus.

This unobtrusive little plant is nicely suited for the
foreground of the parterre, where its flowers will be
seen to advantage, without obstruction to the view of
those before which it may happen to be planted.

It may be increased slowly by division of its roots,
but far more abundantly by its seeds. These should
be sown in the autumn, in pots of light loam, with
which a small quantity of decayed leaves has been
mixed to prevent its hardening. The pots should be
kept in the cold frame during winter, and the young
plants which will appear in the spring, need not be re-
moved till they are nearly an inch high. They should
then be transplanted into beds of light rich loam, at the
distance of about six inches from each other, in which
situation they should remain till autumn, or the spring
following. In the mean time it will be indispensa-
ble that they be kept perfectly free from weeds, and
have occasional waterings in the summer, if the
season be such as to demand it.

llort. Kevv. 2, v 4, 28.

LINA'RIA CYMBALA'RIA.

IVY-LEAVED TOAD-FLAX.

Order.

ANGIOSPERM1A.

Naturul Ordei'.

SCROPHULARINAS.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

In habits

England.

6 inches.

June, Oct.

Perennial.

Old walls.

No. 300.

Linaria, from linum, flax; from the resemblance
of some of their species. Cymbalaria, from the
Greek kymbe, a boat, an old name for this plant;
retained by Liimeus, when he called it Antirrhinum
cymbalaria. A name which has been superseded
by the necessary division of the genus.

Botanists have doubted whether the Linaria cymba-
laria is a native of England, or whether it was intro-
duced from Italy. A correspondent of Mr. Loudon’s,
in his interesting Magazine of Natural History, says
that he found it on a rock, near Barmouth, where it
was not likely to have escaped from a garden. This
produced some observations from another correspon-
dent, Mr. Dovaston, who wishing that none may be
misled in imagining that it is a native, says, “I here
declare that several years ago, in one of my numer-
ous tours through that and other mountainous regions,
I carried a box of seeds of this beautiful, graceful,
and tenacious plant, which I distributed in appropriate
places on rocks, ruins, churches, castles, and bridges,
where I have since beheld it thriving in tresses and
festoons to my fullest satisfaction. I particularly re-
member sowing it on the rock he mentions.”

Class .

DIDYNAMIA

We fancy that Mr. Dovaston little anticipated the
animadversions to which he so innocently subjected
himself, by this candid acknowledgement of his
patronage of a supposed foreigner. That serious
complaints should be advanced against any individual
for increasing the beauties, and adding to the interest
of British scenery, will appear singular to the majority
of our readers. Those, however, who have experi-
enced an enthusiastic pleasure in the pursuit of any
peculiar department of science, can readily excuse
the feelings of exclusive importance with which the
minds of naturalists are sometimes occupied.

No established law of nature, in the geographical
distribution of plants is interfered with. Under the
same latitudes of the eastern and western hemispheres,
the plants are neither all similar nor all dissimilar;
therefore, whether seeds be conveyed by man, or by
the w aters of the deluge, we see no distinction in the
consequence. Who, amongst us, would venture to
assert the propriety of excluding cultivated exotics —
the edible from our tables, or the ornamental from
our gardens ; why then the flowers from our fields !

W e would be content to register Britain’s legitimate
post-diluvian Flora as it now stands, class future dis-
coveries as doubtful natives, or acclimated subjects,
and encourage all to become disseminators of new
beauties over our native land, for the benefit and
gratification of future generations.

After all, the calm looker-on must smile at the
effects of any recent dissemination of the Linaria cym-
balaria, since Parkinson, about six generations ago,
has said “It groweth naturally in divers places of
our land.”

Hort. Kew. 2. v. 4, 10.

Iris pallida .

Diamlms caryopliyllns .

Hypoxis Pitria .

DIAN'THUS CARYOPHYL'LUS.

CARNATION.

Variety : Strong's Duke of York.
Class. Order.

DECANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

Naturul Order.

CARYOPHYLLE M.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Inhabits

England.

feet.

June, Aug.

Perennial.

Walls.

No. 301.

Dianthus, from the Greek Dios, anthos, Jove’s
flower; or divine flower. Caryophyllus ; from its
scent being like that of the caryophyllus, or clove.

We devote our present article to the elucidation
of the florist’s manual operations.

The laying of Carnations should not be deferred
after the first flower has opened, and shown the plant
worthy of increase. In the first place, a little rich
loam should be put round the plant ; then from the
lowermost shoots trim off the leaves to the second
joint from the top, and make an incision through
that joint as shown in figure a; and cut off the por-
tion of the tongue represented by dots, immediately
below the joint. With a hook, placed just behind
the incision, this part should now be fastened nearly
an inch beneath the soil, with the end of the shoot
turned as much upwards as it will bear without
injury. Water occasionally, and in six weeks the
layers may be cut off where the incision was made,
and removed, with the soil about their newly formed
roots, to a pot or the border.

We give sketches of the Florist’s implements.
The first of these is the petal card, b, c, which is usually

76

fixed round the calyx, to support the petals. It may
be made of strong paper, of the colour of the foliage.
It should be round, and of the size of the expanded
flower — about two inches and a half diameter. Six
or eight cuts are to be made in the centre, half an
inch long, and one continued to the circumference.
Two small incisions are then to be made from the cir-
cumference inwards, which should end at about the
eighth of an inch from the opening cut, and the same
distance from the outer edge ; thus, little clasps will be
formed, to fasten, the one on the other, and hold the
petal card together, when put on the flower. Instead
of the central cuts in the petal card, some florists
perforate it, by carefully forcing the dressing-stick
through the centre, and thus a short tube is produced
at the back, in effect the same as by the first method.

The calyx should be neatly tied round with fine
thin bass, as at figure d, to prevent its bursting.

The dressing-stick i, is made of box, round, and
sharp at one end ; divided and flat at the other, form-
ing pliers. These are used for taking out, or properly
disposing, the petals of the flower, previously to its
being exhibited. Figures e, f, metal pliers for
the same purpose. The hook h, is intended to fasten
down the layers, and may be cut out of fern, hazel,
or other branches. Figure g, a wire bearer; which,
with the assistance of an awl, may be inserted into
the upright support, to form a bearer for the flower,
as seen in the representation of the perfect plant.

Figure k is a shade, usually made of brown paper,
with a wire rim, and painted; this is intended to
retard the flowering; that of glass is to forward it;
both afford protection from rain.

Hort. Kew. 2. v. 3, 79.

HYPOX'IS EREC'TA.

UPRIGHT HYPOXIS.

Class. Order.

HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNI A .

'Natural Order.
hypoxide m.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

6 inches.

July, Aug.

Perennial.

in 1752.

No. 302.

The generic name, Hypoxis, is compounded from
the Greek language, out of the words hupo, signi-
fying beneath; and oxus, sharp, or pointed, It is
intended to distinguish the form of the capsule, the
lower part or base of which is tapering and pointed.
Erecta, from the Latin, upright.

This flower is not one of those which obtain ad-
mirers by excess of gaiety — by a brilliancy that seems
to follow the beholder as he recedes from the object
of his attention. It should not, however, be forgotten,
that it is with flowers as with mankind, something
will be discovered in the character of almost every
one which may claim our admiration; and out of
which some portion of gratification may be collected
to add to our general stock of happiness.

Being a native of the pastures of North America,
it may reasonably enough be supposed that this plant
should withstand the severity of our climate without
injury. Experience, however, has shown us that
the contrary is often the fact; and that it is unsafe
to leave it fully exposed in very severe winters.

A light soil, composed of two parts sandy peat,
and one part fresh loam, is congenial to its growth.

Hort. Kew. 2, v, 2, 254.

»

I'RIS PAL/LIDA.

PALE IRIS.

Class. Order.

TRIANDR1A. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

IRIDEJE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

Turkey.

3 feet.

May, June.

Perennial.

in 1596.

No. 303.

Iris, the rainbow, after which this family is named.
Pallida, pale-coloured. The name Fleur-de-lis, which
is sometimes applied to this plant, has been noticed
under No. 274. In addition to its heraldic uses, there
stated, it may be observed as the usual mark em-
ployed to distinguish the north point, both in the
compass itself, and on maps and charts. The choice
of this sign was not accidental ; but was adopted by
John de Giova, a Neapolitan, more than five hundred
years ago, in honour of France and his own monarch,
who was a branch of the F rench royal family. Though
the magnet was known at a very early period, it is
believed that Giova either first adopted, or greatly
simplified, its use in navigation.

The Iris pallida is a tall handsome species; and
its flowers possess a peculiar delicacy both of tint
and texture. It will grow and increase in any soil
or situation in which the Iris is usually planted, but
the most luxuriant produce of flowers is yielded when
it is grown in a dry sandy earth ; and on a sloping
surface, with a southern aspect. It may be divided
in spring or autumn, but the latter season should be
preferred for its removal.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 1, 119.

0

POTENTIL'LA RUSSELLIA'NA.

RUSSELL’S HYBRID CINQUEFOIL.
Class. Order.

ICOSANDRIA. POLYG YNIA.

Natural Order.

ROSACEA.

Origin.

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Raised

Hybrid.

2 feet.

June, Sep.

Perennial.

in 1827.

No. 304.

The name Potentilla, is deduced from the Latin
word potentia, signifying- power, in allusion to its
medical properties. Russelliana, is given as a trivial
name, on account of this being a hybrid plant, raised
by Mr. William Russell, Nurseryman, of Battersea.

For the production of perfect seeds of any vege-
table, it is necessary that the farina, or powder-like
substance, which is foimd in flowers, should be ap-
plied to the stigma or summit of its style. This is
generally the natural consequence of their position
and contiguity, but sometimes it is effected through
the instrumentality of insects, or even the atmo-
sphere. The anthers which contain such farina may,
by the curious florist, be removed, previously to its
dispersion, and the farina of some other species of
the same genus may be applied instead of its own,
In such case, if seeds are thereby perfected, they
are foimd to produce hybrid plants, partaking of
characters intermediate between the two which have
been the object of experiment. By this means has
our present plant been originated, between Potentilla
formosa and Potentilla atrosanguinea. It may be
divided at the root for increase.

Sweet’s FI. Gard. 279.

*

'

,

LINA'RIA ALPI'NA.

ALPINE TOAD-FLAX.

Class. Order.

DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA.

Natural Order.

SCROPHULARINA2.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

Austria.

6 inches.

July, Sep.

Perennial.

in 1570.

No. 305.

Linaria is deduced from linum, flax ; the herbage
of some species of each being very similar. It is
called alpine, being a native of European mountains.

This neat little trailing plant is suitable for rock-
work, where, in a southern aspect, a dry situation,
and sandy peat, it bears our severest winters, which
would rarely be the case, in a low damp border, with-
out protection. How unlike is this to the following
subject — the Dahlia ! The one bv its humble stature
and delicacy, seems to solicit protection ; whilst the
other commands attention. The Linaria is regarded
principally by the practised cultivator. The Dahlia
becomes an object of agreeable interest to every one
who possesses a garden, unless that possessor be one
whose mind is so chained down to mother earth, that
he never can raise an eye of satisfaction upon the
beauties of her vegetable children. These pourtray
too much happiness — too much of the spontaneous
loveliness of nature, to meet even the placid contem-
plation of some few — very few — morbific souls.

The Linaria alpina being raised from seeds, in
spring, will flower in autumn. Young seedlings, or
well-rooted cuttings, best survive the winter.

77 Hort. Kew. 2. v. 4, 15.

DAH'LIA SUPER'FLU A.

DAHLIA.

Crimson Globe-flowered variety.

Class. Order.

SYNGENESIA. POLY GAM I A SUPERFLUA.

Natural Order.

CORYMBIFERA5.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Mexico.

5 feet.

Aug. Oct.

Perennial.

in 1789.

No. 306.

Having given a figure of an anemone-flowered
Dahlia under No. 297, we take an early opportunity
of presenting our readers with a specimen of a globe-
flowered variety. This exhibits their respective
distinctions; and affords us opportunity of further
noticing these splendid beauties.

The double varieties of the Dahlia, of innumerable
tints, have so greatly increased, within the last six
years, that single ones are fast disappearing, even
from the garden of the cottager. This cannot be
matter of surprise when it is known that double
flowers, though not freely productive of seed, as is
the case with the single, will, most of them, produce
a small quantity ; and from this, other flowers can be
raised ; many of which, experience has shown, may
reasonably be expected to prove also double, in a
degree more or less perfect. And not only so, but
such is the inconstant character of the Dahlia, that
the seeds of one plant, produce others bearing flowers
completely differing from the original ; even in some
instances almost every colour has appeared amongst
seedlings, excepting that of the parent plant; and
from the tallest varieties many have been raised of

completely dwarf stature. This versatility is very
encouraging to the propagator, since he may con-
fidently rely on acquiring “something new.”

The present season renders it of importance that
we now notice propagation from growing plants. A
strong root, when planted, will produce several shoots.
If no increase be wanted, all, excepting the strongest,
should be pulled up, nearly as soon as they appear.
If increase be desired, let them grow till they are
three or four inches high, then remove the soil a little,
and carefully draw them out from the crown of the
parent plant ; they will sometimes be found to have
thrown out a root, but whether this be, or be not the
case, these shoots will require only to be planted in a
rather moist situation, and shaded. In three weeks,
they may be removed, with a little soil about each,
to the situation in which they are to flower. If, when
they are taken from the old plant, a hand-glass be
placed over them, or if they be separately potted,
and put into a hotbed for a fortnight, it will assist in
forwarding them, and they will flower as early as
the parent plant.

The single stem, remaining to each root, should
be divested of the side shoots, produced at two, or
sometimes more, of the lowermost joints. This is re-
quisite to the formation of a handsome plant, in lieu
of a wild bush. Cuttings may be made of these
superfluous side shoots, or no buds can be formed to
produce the second year’s shoots. They strike root
most readily. The only point of importance is that
they be cut off immediately beneath a joint; and
they may be treated as the suckers, but require a
longer time to make root.

Hort. Kew. 2, v, 5, 87.

DICTAM'NUS FRAXINEL'LA.

RED FRAXINELLA.

Class. Order.

DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

Rl’TACE*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

Germany.

3 feet.

June, July.

Perennial.

in 1596.

No. 307.

The word Dictamnus was used by the Greeks,
and its original import is now imcertain. It is the
name of a Cretan city, and has been said to be given
to a plant which was abundant there ; but Linneus,
when he gave it to the present plant, observed that
it was deduced from the Greek tiktein, to bring
forth fruit. Fraxinella, is the diminutive of Fraxinus,
signifying a little ash ; a name used for this plant by
Tournefort and others, from its pinnate leaves.

The Fraxinella is known to every one conver-
sant with herbaceous plants; and is generally ad-
mired for the fragrance of its entire herbage, which
to most persons is very agreeable. Another of the
well-known qualities belonging to it is the inflamma-
bility of the exhalation from the little resinous glands
with which it is covered. In very dry warm weather,
this will be seen to take fire, on bringing a candle
near to it; but the best method of showing this
property, is to gather a portion of the plant, in dry
weather, and hold it near to a small candle, in a room
that is otherwise dark.

It may be divided, or raised from seeds, and re-
quires no peculiar management.

Ilort. Kew. 2, v. 3, 34.

MIM'ULUS LU'TEUS.

Variety: rivularis.

SPOTTED YELLOW MONKEY-FLOWER.
Class. Order.

DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA.

Natural Order.

SCROPHULARIN*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Columbia.

1 foot.

June, Aug.

Perennial.

in 1826.

No. 308.

The word Mimulus may be fairly imagined to con-
vey some allusion to a monkey, or mimic ; and was
probably suggested by the shape of the flower. This
variety has been called rivularis, in consequence of
its delighting in a watery situation.

Though this plant is but a variety of the one given
under No. 116, still it is so distinct, and in general,
so peculiarly marked, that we imagine it will prove
a desirable acquisition to those who already possess
the original variety. The rich brown spot, on the
lip of the flower, is inconstant in seedlings ; but when
large, it is thereby rendered particularly handsome,
and very gay.

It spreads and increases fast, by its creeping stems ;
particularly when kept in a moist situation. It suc-
ceeds admirably when planted by the side of a pond ;
or when kept in pots, standing in pans of water.
Under such treatment, the stems and leaves assume
a browner colour, and the character of the plant al-
together, becomes more distinct from the old variety,
than when growing in the borders. It seeds freely,
and spring-sown plants will blossom in the latter
end of summer.

Bot. Reg. 1030.

.

'

Phlox .pilosa .

S. Hans jaUp.

Betonica iucana .

Lupinus pcrcniiis

PHLOX PILO'SA.

HAIRY-LEAVED PHLOX.

Class. Order.

PKNTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA

Natural Or der .

POLE M ONI ACEAG.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America

1 foot.

May, June.

Perennial.

in 1759.

No. 309.

The name, Phlox, is a Greek word, signifying
flame ; which was given by Linneus to this family of
plants in lieu of Lychnidea. It may be presumed,
that he considered the latter too nearly related to
Lychnis, to be retained in his reformed nomenclature.
Pilosa, from the Latin, hairy.

The various species of Phlox, and the very differ-
ent characters which they assume, render one por-
tion or other of the genus desirable in almost every
situation. A part of them submissively creep on the
surface of the earth, as though they desired to pro-
tect it from the increasing heat of the opening sum-
mer ; whilst others elevate themselves in autumnal
beauty, over their more humble neighbours, and ir-
resistibly demand attention to their self-appropriated
mantles of pink or snowy flowers. Many interme-
diate species are also highly attractive, and progres-
sively adorn the parterre, throughout the season of
the garden’s cheerful triumph.

The Phlox pilosa increases freely, and may be di-
vided in spring or autumn ; or, in May, cuttings of
the stems may be made, which strike root readily,
under a hand-glass.

78 Hort. Kew. 2, v. 1, 325.

LUPI'NUS PEREN'NIS.

PERENNIAL LUPINE.

Class. Order.

MONADELPHIA. DECANDRIA.

Natural Order.

LEGUMINOS.E.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

N. America.

2 feet.

May, June.

Perennial.

in 1658.

No. 310.

So greatly did the Lupinus of the ancients spread
over and spoliate the soil of its nutritions properties,
that it attained its name from lupus, a wolf. Ano-
ther derivation was assigned the word, from the Greek
lupe, .signifying grief; in allusion to some fancied
medicinal property of the plant, by which it produ-
ced a sadness of countenance. Perennis, or peren-
nial, was adopted in contradistinction to the several
annual species, which were in cultivation more than
an hundred years with the present plant, before ano-
ther perennial species was known. And though the
addition of perennial Lupines to our gardens has ren-
dered the title objectionable, it was not till the bound-
less vegetable treasures of America were zealously
explored, that this took place; whence our collection
of perennial Lupines has been increased. Of these,
many new species have been introduced by the Lon-
don Horticultural Society, since the year 1825.

As the Lupinus perennis is sometimes, though not
frequently, lost, we would recommend its occasional
increase from seeds. They should be sown in the
spring; and a little variation in the colour of some
flowers of the seedlings will occur.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 4, 285.

PvEO'NIA ED'ULIS. var. YVhitleji.

EATABLE PiEONY.

Class. Order.

POLYANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

Natural Order.

RANUNCULACEAS.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Siberia.

2 feet.

May, June.

Perennial.

in 1784.

No. 311.

Paeonia is deduced from Paeon, the name of a
fabulous physician of the ancients. Edulis, from the
Latin, eatable.

The old English botanists held the Paeony in con-
siderable estimation; though, from their works, it
may be inferred that two species were all which
they could boast of possessing. One of these was
the Paeonia officinalis, which now is the most com-
mon in our cottage gardens. But with this they
were not idle cultivators, for by raising seedlings
they obtained varieties which, it is probable, were
fully equal to any of the present day. The rich deep
colour of the full double flower of the common Paeony,
is really but little esteemed, yet it is difficult to esti-
mate with what degree of pleasure we should receive
such a plant from abroad, were none of the genus
previously known to this country. Many amongst
us would, indeed, be lost in admiration of its bold-
ness. According to Camerarius, plants were sold, at
Antwerp, in the sixteenth century, at twelve crowns
each, an important sum at that day.

Formerly, the herbaceous species only of the
Paeony, were known in English gardens ; the Moutan,

or Chinese tree Pseony, being a subject of far later
introduction. It was obtained bv Sir Joseph Banks,
from China, only about forty years ago. The
wonder-exciting tales of the magnificence, the cost-
liness, and the beauty, of this plant had long been
known to Europeans; though the plant itself had
never been procured. The Chinese, themselves,
were said to have sold plants of some of the choice
varieties, at an hundred ounces of gold each ; and in
France, on the first introduction of the Moutan, it sold
at nearly an hundred pounds sterling.

We now arrive at the introduction of another por-
tion of this genus, the Paeonia edulis; or, as it is
sometimes called, Paeonia albiflora, of which our
figure represents one of the varieties. This, also,
was introduced from China, but at a still later date,
and like the old sorts, is herbaceous. The species
includes varieties with both double and single flowers,
and these also varying from almost white to a deep
rose colour; hence the name albiflora, or white-
flowered, becomes objectionable. The term edulis,
or eatable, is certainly preferable, having been
adopted on account of the uses made of the root and
seeds, where some of the varieties are indigenous.

Where ornamental gardens are tolerably exten-
sive, or lawns are varied by mounts and shrubs, the
Pseony yields a boldness of character which is pecu-
liarly suited to their decoration. It flourishes in ex-
posed or shady situations, and may be increased by
division of the roots. Many varieties produce seed;
and this should be sown in autumn, where the young
plants may remain undisturbed, at least two or three
years, as they slowly grow to maturity.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 3, 316.

BETONiCA INCA'NA.

HOARY BF.TONY.

Class. Order.

DIDVNAMIA. G VMXOSPERMIA.

Natural Order.

LABI ATAS .

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

1 Introduced

Italy.

9 inches.

June, July.

Perennial.

1 in 1759.

No. 312.

The word Betonica is a corruption of vettonica,
which originated in Vettones, the name of an ancient
people of Spain; who, according to Pliny, first noticed
its virtues. Incana, from the Latin, hoary.

It is supposed that the vettonica of the heathen
Europeans was a species of our serratula, to which
superstition attributed the most unaccountable pro-
perties. An ancient writer described it as of so glo-
rious a quality, that whatever house it were planted
round, would thereby be put under the protection of
their gods. That the commission of crimes in such
domicile would not incur their vengeance, nor require
a propitiatory sacrifice. Thus the Betonica may
serve to remind us of the superstition which existed
at the period of the Christian era; and of the blessings
which Christianity diffused by the annihilation of such
infatuated doctrines.

The Betonica incana forms a desirable variety
amongst herbaceous plants ; and it would secure much
more of the admiration of the superficial observer,
did it not, rather intimately, resemble some of our
generally known indigenous plants. It requires no
peculiarity of management.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 3, 396.

Azalea calendulacea .

C ampanula pyramidalis .

Pentstcuion roseus .

Rudberkia liirta .

0.

AZA'LEA CALENDULA'CEA.

MARYGOLD-LIKE AZALEA.

Class. Order.

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

RHODORACEA5 .

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N America.

4 feet.

May, June.

Perennial.

in 1806

No. 313.

Azalea, from the Greek azaleos, dry, a term
chosen as descriptive of the indigenous situation of
the plant to which it was first applied. Calendu-
lacea was probably adopted merely in allusion to the
the yellow colour of the variety first introduced.

The varieties of Azalea which have been lately
raised from seed, and the hybrids between Azalea
and Rhododendron, have not only greatly increased
these splendid shrubs, but also have tended to unite
the two genera, as noticed under No. 261.

The cultivation of them is by no means unimpor-
tant, and should never be attempted within the in-
fluence of a contaminated town atmosphere. Shade,
a rather moist subsoil, or aqueous atmosphere ; with
a soil, principally peat; or a compost, partly of de-
cayed vegetables, as leaves, straw, or the refuse from
beneath a wood-pile, which is often attainable in
the country, are amongst the requisites to constitute
a good bed for American shrubs. Where they can
be planted near to the edges of ponds, or in low
moist situations, the aspect is less important, other-
wise a northern exposure should be chosen. These
general principles should guide the cultivator.

79 Loudon’s Ency. of Plants, 144.

RUDBECK'IA HIR'TA.

HAIRY RUDBECKI A.

Class. Order.

SVNGENESIA. FRUSTRANEA.

Natural Order.

COMPOSITE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

18 inches.

June, Sep.

Perennial.

in 1714.

No. 314.

This genus was named by Linneus, in honour of
his predecessors, the celebrated professors of botany
at Upsal, named Rudbeck. It would be difficult now
to determine, whether the father or son of this name
was most eminent as a man of science. The elder
Rudbeck appears to have possessed talents the most
versatile, with the greatest conceptions; whilst his
son, whose pursuits were more immediately directed
to the study of the vegetable world, may be acknow-
ledged the more profound botanist.

To the memory of the elder Rudbeck a greater
debt of gratitude is owing, by every lover of natural
history, than at first may appear. It was he that first
established a botanical garden at Upsal, in Sweden,
which he gave to its university, and died in 1702.
His son succeeded him, as professor, and became the
friend and patron of Linneus ; and on Linneus, also,
in his turn, was the honour of the professorship at
Upsal bestowed. Hence Olaf Rudbeck’s garden,
may be referred to as the nursery, not only of plants,
but of botanical science, of the author of that science,
and the source whence has sprung many of our
purest pleasures.

Linneus may be looked back upon, by the natur-
alist, as the chief promoter of his gratifications ; as
another Adam, to whom was brought every living
creature ‘To see what he would call them.’

The advocates of every system, whether opposed
to that of Linneus, or otherwise, duly estimate his
labours, and are loud in his praise. As observed by
Sprengel, he gave their new form to all the parts
of natural history ; but he deserves to be in a pecu-
liar sense, called the founder of the historical part;
for he first regulated the historical language, fixed
the laws of classification, unfolded the generic cha-
racters, was the first to settle the idea of species, in-
vented trivial names and specific characters. He
enriched the science of plants by a more exact in-
vestigation of exotic Floras, and by a more sure de-
termination of some thousand new species discovered
by others.

The genus, Rudbeckia, as instituted by Linneus,
has lately been divided by Mr. David Domi, and
our present subject is his Centrocarpha hirta. The
principal distinction between Rudbeckia and Cen-
trocarpha, according to his division, consists in such
of the species only being retained in Rudbeckia as
have divided leaves, and cylindrical crowns.

The boldness of character generally possessed by
the common species of Rudbeckia, better fits them
for the shrubbery than the herbaceous compartment;
the present, however, is of less robust character, and
may advantageously occupy a place in the parterre.

In wet situations it will sometimes be destroyed,
therefore a dry southern aspect, and light soil, should
be chosen. May be divided, or increased by cuttings.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 5, 131.

CAMPANULA PYRAMIDA'LIS.

PYRAMIDAL BELL-FLOWER.

Class. Order.

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

CAMPANUEACEiE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in Duration.

Cultivated

Carniola.

4 feet.

July, Sept. Perennial.

in 1596.

No. 315.

The Larin campana, a bell, is appropriately used
to form a name for this extensive genus; and pyra-
midalis, or pyramidal, is certainly expressive of a
prominent habit of the present species.

This plant has a beautiful tall upright spike or py-
ramid of flowers, with straight side shoots, spreading
but little, unless they be trained to a frame, when they
may be extended, fan-like, to a considerable width.

In a light soil, and dry warm situation, it will suc-
ceed in the open groimd ; but to procure it in great
perfection it must be grown in pots, with winter pro-
tection. The suckers should be taken off early in
September, and planted separately in small deep pots.
During winter, keep them in the window of a sitting
room ; but in all mild weather give them full expo-
sure, particularly to warm showers. To save trouble,
during the next summer, the pots may be sunk to the
rim, in the open garden ; and in winter, again taken
into the house. In the following summer they will
flower strong and freely. Repot the plants as often
as the roots become a little matted against its inner
surface, observing that each succeeding pot be in-
creased in size about two inches diameter.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 1, 346.

PENTSTE'MON RO'SEUS.

ROSE-COLOURED PENTSTEMON.

Class. Order.

niDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA.

Natural Order.

SCROPHCLARINjE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Mexico.

2 feet.

June, Aug-.

Perennial.

in 1825.

No. 316.

Pentstemon, from the Greek pente, stemon,
five stamens. The class, didynamia, comprises plants
whose flowers have two long and two short stamens ;
therefore the fifth stamen, or more properly, the
rudiment of one, foimd in this genus, is somewhat
anomalous. The same circumstance occurs in a few
other species of this class, which occasions their ap-
proach to the class pentandria. The trivial name,
roseus, arose from the colour of the flower.

This, and several other species of Pentstemon, re-
quire a little protection against the changes of our
variable winters. It will often be seen that a long
and severe frost has not injured such plants as are
somewhat tender, but that it is the alternation of cold
and warm, of frost and sunshine, and we may add,
drying winds in spring, which spread destruction in
the flower garden, and which should be particularly
guarded against, in February and March, when many
exotics begin to vegetate, and are more than usually
susceptible of such inconstancy of climate.

Cuttings, taken in May, strike root readily under
a hand-glass, either with or without artificial heat.
Or it may be raised from seeds.

Sweet’s FI, Gar. 230.

1

Ilormimitu pvrcnaicum .

Soldandla alpina .

Phlox crassifolia .

SOLDANEL'LA ALPI'NA.

AI.PINE SOLD AN ELLA.

Class. Onlcr.

PENTANPR I A. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Onlcr

PRIMULACF./E.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

1 Cultivated

Switzerland

3 inches.

April.

Perennial.

in 1656.

No. 317.

The word SoldaneUa is said to have been derived
from the Greek solos, a plate of metal; or soli-
dus the name of an ancient gold coin, of the value
of about twelve shillings. The plant referred to by
the ancients, under this appellation, was that which
is at present known as the Calystegia soldanella, or
Sea Bearbind. The size and shape of the leaves
gave rise to the application of the name.

The term solidus was first adopted by Constantine
the Great, for his coin of six pieces to the ounce of
gold. The plant may, therefore, not only serve to
remind us of this emperor, but also of the progress
of Christianity ; Constantine being the first Christian
monarch, under whose government, in the beginning
of the fourth century, the human mind began, exten-
sively, to admit the divine origin of the Christian re-
ligion, and to be duly sensible of the hideous shapes
under which idolatry continually presented itself.

Each of the species of Soldanella are pretty alpine
plants, and their round green leaves form tufts of
verdure which mingle nicely with artificial rock-
work. Equal parts of peat and loam, in a situation
somewhat shaded in summer, suits either species.

80 Hort. Kew. 2, v. 1, 310.

ANEMO'NE NEMORO'SA. flora pleno.

DOUBLE WOOD ANEMONE.

Class. Order.

POLYANDRIA. POLY GYN I A .

Natural Order.

RANUNCCLACB*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duratiou.

Inhabits

Britain.

4 inches.

April.

Perennial.

Woods.

No. 318.

The Greek anemos, signifying wind, is the origin
of the present generic name. Nemorosa, from the
Latin, belonging to a wood ; which term was adopted
as expressive of the native situation in which it is
usually found.

The single wood Anemone is indigenous to most
parts of Europe ; but the double variety is the nurs-
ling of the florist. In almost every shrubbery, and
in many gardens, this plant is particularly desirable.
Under trees and shrubs, in shady comers, where but
few plants will grow, this attains its greatest luxu-
riance. Spread over a wide space, and well esta-
blished, its foliage, in spring, forms an even carpet of
verdure for the earth, which is seen spotted with its
delicate flowers, as the blue firmament is studded
with shining stars.

The wood Anemone is occasionally found with nu-
merous small spots on the under surface of its leaves,
and sometimes, though less frequently, on its petals
also. Erroneous conclusions were formerly drawn
from these marks. It was believed that they were
the sori, or parts of fructification, of a fern; and the
plant was classed accordingly. But, such has been

the thirst for knowledge, and the zeal of modern
naturalists, that errors, not more intricate than this,
are sure of being detected.

The spots to which we have alluded, are now known
to be a species of fungus ; one amongst the thou-
sands of epiphyllous fungi, or parasitic vegetables,
which are produced on the surface of leaves; and
which have opened a new field of enquiry to the
botanist, as inexhaustible as it is wonderful.

A somewhat similar fungus grows on the leaves
of the English Berberry, and there is great proba-
bility, that it is the scattering and propagation of this
fungus upon wheat, which occasions its sterility when
grown near that shrub.

Some species of fungi are common to various plants,
vet every plant may, possibly, have its peculiar pa-
rasitic species — an enemy to its vitality, but an in-
dividual, in the great scheme of creation, as distinct
as the superior vegetable on which it exists. The
principal difference between the two must be im-
puted, in part, to the imperfection of our perceptions,
and not wholly to the different scale of existence in
which they apparently occur.

The same economy of nature is seen to prevail in
a superior order of beings. As vegetables are sub-
ject to the attack of parasitic vegetables, so, also, are
animals made the support of parasitic animals, and
this to a degree in which our visionary organs are
incapable of being our assistants. We are here on
a circumscribed speck of the universe, incapable of
comprehending the immensity of the worlds which
surround us ; or, the minuteness of animal and vege-
table life which inhabits our own.

Hort. Kevv. 2, v. 3, 340.

PHLOX CRASSIFOLIA.

THICK-LEAVED PHLOX.

Class. Order.

PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

POLYMONIACE,E.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration. Introduced

N. America

4 inches.

April.

Perennial. in 1827.

No. 319.

As the word flaming is sometimes used to signify
fine, so the Greek word, phlox, which is synony-
mous with flame, was probably intended to mark the
fine or gay character of the plant which it distin-
guished. Crassifolia, from the Latin crassus, thick ;
and folium, a leaf; a character by which this species
is peculiarly distinguished.

This plant was first, we believe, received into the
garden of the Right Hon. the Earl of Shrewsbury, at
Alton Towers, from Philadelphia; together with an-
other, called longiflora, a late flowering species, some-
what resembling suaveolens.

It is a most desirable addition to the many species
of Phlox already introduced ; its flowers equal, or
perhaps surpass, any one of them in beauty ; it is
completely hardy, and increases most rapidly. Its
shoots, which are young and small, when the flowers
appear, shortly afterwards spread luxuriantly on the
surface of the ground, increase in the size of their
foliage, and only require confinement to the soil, to
induce their striking root immediately ; after which,
they may be separated from the parent plant. As
cuttings, also, they strike root very quickly.

-

HORMI'NUM PYRENA'ICUM.

PYRENEAN HORMINEM.

Class. Order.

DIDYNAMIA. G Y M NOSPERM I A .

Natural Order.

LABIATA5.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Pyrenees.

1 foot.

May, June.

Perennial.

in 1820.

No. 320.

The word Horminum, from the Greek hormia,
to excite, was adopted in allusion to the medical
qualities of the plant to which it was originally given.
Pyrenaicum, from its native situation.

The Horminum pyrenaicum is of compact growth,
never becoming intrusive, nor requiring much atten-
tion. In a northern shady situation, we have ob-
served that the plant will live, but it will either not
flower at all, or it will do so very imperfectly. It
delights in a rather strong, fresh, loamy soil, that
is fiilly exposed to the east and south, and not very
dry. It is said to perfect its seeds, and that if these
be sown as soon as ripe, they will produce plants
which will flower in the following summer. We
have never observed that it has produced seeds with
us, but this is less important, inasmuch as a division
of its offsets will generally yield sufficient increase.
As it is a plant which flowers early in the summer, it
may be most advantageously divided in the autumn.
It will bear separation at almost any time of the year ;
but if divided in the autumn, it will become es-
tablished by the spring, and finer flowers will be
the result.

Sweet’s FI. Gard. 252.

Ranunculus aiuplrxiraulis .

Aquilooia C anadru sis .

Hepalica triloba .

Sileue ruaritima.

81

RANUNCULUS AMPLEXICAULIS.

STEM-CLASPING RANUNCULUS.

Order.

POLYGYNIA.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

Pyrenees.

1 foot.

.

Apr. May.

Perennial.

in 1633.

No. 321.

The name, Ranunculus, is deduced from the Latin
rana, a frog; and the term is supposed to have been
used to distinguish a plant indigenous to moist places,
frequented by frogs. Amplexicaulis is derived from
the same language ; amplexus, embracing ; and cau-
lis, a stalk. The leaf embraces the stalk ; which is
more clearly elucidated by the annexed engraved
figure, than is possible by the use of words.

The Ranunculus amplexicaulis, with its white co-
rolla, and yellow anthers, forms a pretty spring orna-
ment in the borders; and its unobtrusive habit adds
to its recommendation.

Though it has never failed to blossom in various
situations in which we have observed it planted ;
such as in both town and coiuitry gardens ; in moist
and dry soil ; in peaty soil, and in clay and loam,
yet we have observed it vary exceedingly in luxuri-
ance. In the worn-out soil of a town garden, its
flowers will sometimes scarcely arrive to the height
of five inches ; whilst in pure air, and a fresh rich
loam, it has grown nearly to the height of eighteen
inches. It may be divided, for increase, either in
the summer or spring.

81 Hort. Kew. 2, v. 3, 352.

Class.

POLYANDRIA.

Natural Order.

RANUNCCLACEA!.

.

AQUILE'GIA CANADEN'SIS.

CANADIAN COLUMBINE.

Class. Order.

POI.YANDRIA. PBNTAGYNIA.

Natural Order.

RANUNCULACEiE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

18 inches.

Apr. May.

Perennial.

in 1640.

No. 322.

The term, Aquilegia, is compounded from the
Latin aquila, an eagle ; and lego, to gather ; in allu-
sion to the nectaries, which are, in most species, pe-
culiarly recurved, and bear a fancied resemblance to
the closing claws of an eagle. The more familiar
name, Columbine, is founded on the word columba,
a pigeon ; a representation of the neck and head of
which bird, the fertile imaginations of former bota-
nists have discovered in the shape and colour of a
part of the wild flower. Some, too, have fancied that
a bird, in flight, is represented by part of this curi-
ous blossom. Indeed, almost every child has some
knowledge of the peculiarity of its formation.

The dissection and examination of a singularly
compounded flower, like the common Columbine,
may, at least, be regarded as an innocent recreation
for our young friends. Their ideas and ingenuity
will thus be exerted on a part of creation which none
dare to pronounce unworthy of the attention of the
wisest. For, independent of the positively virtuous
sentiments which such pursuits originate, the mind
must thereby become less and less the willing recep-
tacle of meaner subjects.

Dr. Withering, in noticing our native Columbine*
in his Arrangement of British Plants, observes, ‘The
elongated and incurved nectary of this flower seems
to bid defiance to the entrance of the bee, in search
of the hidden treasure ; but the admi rable ingenuity
of the sagacious insect is not to be thus defeated, for
on ascertaining the impracticability of effecting
his usual admission, with his proboscis, he actually
penetrates both calyx and blossom near the depot of
honey, and thus extracts the latent sweets without
further difficulty.’ He also quotes Phillips’s notice
of ‘ the singular circumstance, that it has three dis-
tinct modes of doubling its flowers; viz. bv the mul-
tiplication of the petals, to the exclusion of the nec-
taries; by the increase of the nectaries, to the exclu-
sion of the petals; and frequently by the multiplica-
tion of the nectaries while the proper petals remain.’

The medicinal properties of the common Colum-
bine, were formerly held in high estimation, but they
should be regarded as dangerous ; for Linneus states
that children have lost their lives from improper
doses. According to the old Pharmacopaeias, it was
chiefly used in detersive gargles.

The mode of treatment required by this beautiful
species of Columbine, is not such as will be likely to
preclude any one from adding it to his collection. Its
increase at the root is not so great as that of many
other plants, but it ripens seeds, from which an abun-
dant produce may be obtained. These should be sown
as soon as theyr are ripe, in an open, but warm, border,
which should be kept perfectly free from weeds ; and
in the following summer, the young plants may be
removed into their final situations.

Hort. Kew. ‘2, v 3, 326.

HEPAT'ICA TRI'LOBA.

THREE-LOBED HEPATICA.

Class. Order.

POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.

Natural Order.

RANPNCULACBA-’.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

1 Cultivated

Europe.

4 inches.

Feb. Apr.

Perennial.

| in 1573.

No. 323.

The present generic name, Hepatica, is from the
Greek hepar, the liver ; whence comes hepati-
k os, of a liver. The lobed shape of the leaf of this
plant was supposed to resemble the liver, which gave
rise to the application of the name.

Linneus regarded the calyx of the Hepatica, on
account of its distance from the flower, as synony-
mous with the involucrum of the anemone, and con-
sequently united these genera; but it has lately been
regarded as a distinct genus, as was the case before
the days of that great naturalist.

To write in commendation of the Hepatica would
be superfluous, but to point out a mode of propaga-
tion which may still improve our present varieties,
must be acceptable. It is not our own experience;
but so strongly did Doctor Hill, in his folio work on
gardening, insist on the advantages of raising the
Hepatica from seed, that we hope those who have op-
portunity, will not fail to put it to the test.

It is known to every one, that removing the He-
patica is often its destruction ; particularly if done at
an improper season. The most congenial time for
that purpose, we have observed to be whilst it is in

flower. Dr. Hill considered the disadvantage of
transplanting it, and says, that ‘ Where the seed
makes its first shoot the plant should remain, for expe-
rience shows this only can give it the due strength.’

In the beginning of August, dig up a border in a
part of the garden, open to the morning sun, but
sheltered from the full blaze of noon. Add a good
portion of fresh earth from under the turf of a rich
pasture. Break this very well together, rake the
surface level, and scatter on the seeds. Sift over
them a quarter of an inch of the same mould; and in
spring, the young plants will appear. Weed and
water them as occasion may require.

In the beginning of August, take out the weakest
plants, so as to leave those in the bed about eight
inches apart.

In the next spring some of them will flower, and
in the next season, all the remainder. In the first
bloom will be seen much beauty, but it will be two
years more before they arrive at perfection. Among
them will be found many more varieties than have
been described. There will be large single flowers,
valuable for their colour and expansion, semidouble
for seed ; and the most perfect double ones : and these
in all the kinds of colour, from white through all the
shade's of blue ; from pearl colour to the deep azure
of a summer sky ; and from the same white, through
all the degrees of red ; from the peach bloom to
crimson, and to purple. The red and blue will be
mixed in some, and in these he will trace the purple
from that of the violet to the palest hesperis.

White will be the least common colour, and indeed
a perfect white, untinctured, will be rare.

Hort. Ke\r. 2, v. 3, 336.

SILE'NE MARIT'IMA.

SEA CATCHFLY.

Order.
TRIG YNIA.

Natural Order.

CARYOPIIYLLB If..

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Inhabits

Britain.

8 inches.

July, Sep.

Perennial.

Sea Shores.

No. 324.

The Greek sialon, signifying saliva, is the root
whence the term Silene has sprung. It was applied
to this genus in reference to the viscid fluid which
exudes from most of the species. Flies being often
entangled in this fluid, gave rise to the English name
Catchfly. Maritima, from the Latin, denoting its
belonging to the sea.

This plant is common on many parts of the sea
coast, particularly in North Wales. Here we gathered
seeds of it, and have found it to be one of our most
valuable rock plants. In joints, between sand-
stones, with little or no soil, it luxuriates, and flowers
abundantly. It yields a sheet of delicate blossoms,
on a dense mass of foliage, far superior to plants of
it cultivated in the borders.

It produces great plenty of seeds, and these may
be sown in a dry situation, in the spring, or as soon
as ripe. If it be desired that the plants should fix
themselves amongst stones, the seeds should be sown
in such situation, in preference to transplanting. In
many situations no care will be required, for having
once been planted, it will scatter its seeds, and be
produced spontaneously.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 3, 88.

Class.

DECANDRIA.

Calceolaria planinginca

Rhododendron fnrugiiiruui .

Iris Tirginira.

L .’> Sma

T3

RHODODENDRON FERRUGIN/EUM.

RUSTY-LEAVED RHODODENDRON.
Class. Order.

DECANDRIA. MONOGVNIA.

Natural Order.

RHODORACB/E.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Switzerland

2 feet.

May, July.

Perennial.

in 1752.

No. 325.

The Greek word, Rhododendron, literally signifies
rose-tree. Hence we infer that the rose constituted
a standard of comparison amongst the early Greeks;
and this synonyme doubtless was intended to confer
a sort of illustrious distinction on the plant which
bore it. Ferrugineum, from the Latin, denoting a
likeness to the rust of iron, which is a prominent char-
acteristic of the Rhododendron ferrugineum, in the
rusty colour of the under surface of its foliage.

Rhododendron ferrugineum, is abundant in the
mountainous parts of Switzerland and Austria; and
but few ligneous plants are there found at greater
altitude than are this and its kindred species, the
Rhododendron hirsutum.

There is less difficulty in keeping this beautiful
little evergreen in health than the larger species of
Rhododendron. If planted in a mixture of peat and
loam, on the northern side of tall shrubs, where it
may be shaded in summer, and thereby protected
from excessive drought, it will require no further
care. For increase, the lower branches should be
laid in autumn, and they will strike root, and may
be taken off after two years.

82 Hort. Kew 2, v. 3, 49.

LOTUS JACOBAi'US.

ST. JAMES’S ISLAND BIRD’S-FOOT TREFOIL.

Class. Order.

DI A DELPHI A. DECANDRIA.

Natural Order.

LEGUMINOS*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

C.Verd. Isl.

18 inches.

Aug. Oct.

Perennial.

in 1714.

No. 326.

The origin of the word Lotus really appears to be
too deeply buried in oblivion to admit of even a
speculation. All that can be ventured, is the pro-
bability of its having been used by the Greeks, after
the Egyptians; and it has usually been the name of
a vegetable, useful for food, either to man or beast.
The trivial name, Jacobaeus, is given in allusion to
the island on which it was discovered.

This species of Lotus, which is remarkable for its
very dark-coloured flowers, has long been cultivated
as a favourite green-house perennial. Having put
plants of it into the borders, during the summer, we
found them succeed admirably. In the following
season, we raised seedlings, and put these also into
the borders, where they flowered in perfection, dur-
ing the latter part of the summer. Thus may the
Lotus Jacobaeus, though a green-house perennial, be
cultivated as an annual, and it will constitute a pretty
ornament of the open parterre.

Seeds should be planted in March or April, in
pots, about two or three in each, and forwarded in
a hotbed. In May, they should be turned into the
borders without disturbing their roots.

Ilort. Kew. 2, v. 4, 394.

I'RIS VIRGIN'ICA.

VIRGINIAN IRIS.

Class . Order.

TRIANDR1A. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

IRIDE. E.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

15 inches

June, July .

Perennial.

in 1758.

No. 327.

Some persons have conjectured that the word Iris
was first used, botanically, in allusion to the eye,
which is known by this name in the Egyptian lan-
guage; there is, however, more probability that the
colour of the rainbow gave rise to its use, amongst
the ancients, as the name of a plant. Virginica, from
Virginia, one of the United States of America, whence,
we presume, it was first brought to England.

There is scarcely any genus which affords to the
flower garden so extensive a variety of handsome
subjects as that of the Iris. From twenty to thirty
newly-discovered Irises have been introduced to this
country within the last few years, which extend the
genus, at the present time, to about eighty distinct
species. Their hardy character also yields them ad-
ditional claims to the notice of those whose chief at-
tention is given to the healthy pursuit of cultivating
the open flower garden. Though by far the greater
portion of these belong to Europe, still every quarter
of the globe has contributed to the gratification of
the collector of them.

It may be divided at the root, in spring. An open
easterly aspect, and sandy loam, should be preferred.

Hurt. Kew. 2, v. 1, 116,

CALCEOLARIA PLANTAGIN'EA.

PLANTAIN - LEAVED SLIPPERWORT.
Class. Order.

DIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

SCROPHUI.ARIN/E.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in Duration.

Introduced

Chile.

9 inches.

June, Aug. Perennial.

iu 1826.

No. 328.

Calceolaria, from calceolus, signifying a little shoe,
can readily be applied to the flowers of this genus,
and consequently is an appropriate appellation.
Plantaginea, from plantago, plantain ; in allusion to
the similar aspect of their leaves.

The winter of 1830-1 was protracted and severe:
notwithstanding this, the plant, from which our
drawing was made, lived in full exposure; but it
should be remembered, that many circumstances
combine to preserve a vegetable through severe frosts,
which cannot always be commanded ; such as conge-
nial soil, in which it may attain its utmost strength ;
a suitable degree of moisture ; being well established
in its situation ; and also incidents, not recognised by
the most attentive cultivator. Taking these circum-
stances into consideration, it will be advisable with
this, as with other new subjects, to give extra pro-
tection to one or two plants, that contingencies may
be guarded against, and the whole not lost.

The art of protecting our favourites from the ef-
fects of cold, should, by no means, be neglected. Such
as require this additional care are usually called
frame plants; but in cultivation are considered as

belonging to the hardy flower garden, because they
never require the agency of artificial heat.

As atmospheric temperature, uninfluenced by alti-
tude, varies, gradually, in proportion as we approach
to, or recede from, the equator ; so the vegetable pro-
ducts of the earth possess peculiarity of organization
adapted thereto. It must not, however, be supposed
that vegetables will live only within those degrees
of latitude in which they are indigenous, for we see
that China and America, from latitudes twenty de-
grees warmer than our own, have enriched our gar-
dens with splendid subjects ; whilst some vegetables,
natives only of warm or cold climates, bear open
culture in almost every habitable part of the earth.

In accordance with the susceptibility of cold which
is shown by exotic plants, when brought under cul-
ture, so are they distributed, thus:

Stove plants are those which are chiefly natives of
tropical coimtries. They require continual protec-
tion with us; and through our winters, should have
a temperature not lower than sixty degrees.

Greenhouse plants, the next class in degree of har-
diness, require artificial heat in winter, which should
rarely be lower than forty degrees.

Frame plants include such as require the protec-
tion of a frame, hand-glasses, or mats, during frost.

Hardy plants comprise all perennials which bear
full exposure in winter. These four classes, with
their modifications, comprise the gardener’s range
of temperature.

The Calceolaria plantaginea flourishes in a strong
red loam, and cool situation; and yields a plentiful
increase by offsets.

Bot. Mag-. 2805.

S Watu Sfnlj-

DAH'LIA SUPER'FLUA.

DAHLIA.

Painted Lady, Anemone-flowered variety.

Class. Order.

SYNGENESIA. POLY G A M I A SUPBRFLl'A.

Natural Order.

CORYMBIFER*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Mexico.

4 feet.

Aug. Oct.

Perennial.

in 1789.

No. 329.

As the Dahlia is now become so prominent an ob-
ject in every flower garden, enriching autumn with
a splendour which rivals even June, with its pyramids
of roses and midsummer gaieties, we presume that
our readers will be gratified by an introduction to so
characteristic an individual of that family, as the
Painted Lady.

In former notices of the Dahlia, we have endea-
voured to give such information as may be most
likely to be acceptable to its admirers. Practice,
however, yields knowledge, and the dissemination
of knowledge, yields pleasure; we shall, therefore,
not fail to communicate accounts of any experiments
or facts, that may be worthy the notice of those, who
are interested in floriculture.

It is thought, by several cultivators, who have paid
close attention to the growth of the double dahlia, that
some of those of good quality, which were first in-
troduced, are beginning to “ wear out,” as it is
termed. The plants are less luxuriant, and their
flowers less perfect. At present we think this a mat-
ter of uncertainty ; still we wish to call the attention
of our friends to the subject, that they may be pre-

83

pared, the more attentively, to watch the progress of
the varieties which they are desirous of perpetuating.

Most persons are anxious to plant portions of the
old roots, in spring, under the impression that they
produce the strongest plants. The old tubers cer-
tainly yield an uninterrupted impulse, in the first
stages of the growth of the stem ; but those old tubers
do not readily decay, to give place to new ones;
and the future growth of the plant becomes depen-
dant partly on old, and partly on new roots. We
have no doubt but the repeated propagation, by divi-
sion of such old tubers, is prejudicial to the continued
healthy growth of the plant. Instead of this, we
would recommend reproduction, by drawing out the
shoots from the crown of the plant, as noticed under
306; or, by cuttings made of such young shoots,
either of which may be planted separately in pots,
and placed in a hotbed or green-house, taking care
to shade them, and they will strike root in two or
three weeks, and afterwards bear full exposure.
Plants, thus raised, produce an entirely new progeny
of roots, through the medium of which, there is much
reason to believe, the plant is more efficiently nourish-
ed than when connected with any portion of the old
tubers.

In order to pursue the system of renovation with
the greatest convenience, the old roots may be put
close together, without pots, into a hotbed. Strew
a little soil over them, but they need not be entirely
covered. As shoots are produced, so cuttings may
be made of them ; observing to leave an eye or two
of each shoot on the old root, whence a fresh crop
will rise, and thus the increase may be extended.

Hort Kevv.2, v. 5, 87.

(ENOTHE'RA SERHULA/TA.

SAW-LEAVED EVENING PRIMROSE.
Class. Order.

OCTANPR I A . . MONOGYN! A.

Natural Order.

ONAGRARI*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

18 inches.

June, Oct.

Perennial.

in 1821.

No. 330.

The name of this genus, (Enothera, is of Greek
origin, from the words oinos, thera, in allusion,
as stated by Theophrastus, to the roots catching or
acquiring the perfume of wine, as they become dry.

The numerous species of (Enothera, which have
lately been obtained from America, through the in-
fluence of the Horticultural Society of London, and
also by private collectors, now constitute this not only
an extensive, but an interesting, genus. The largest
portion of its species yields bright yellow flowers,
which are very showy. Several species produce
white flowers, which cannot be considered less beau-
tiful ; indeed, their ample delicate silky corollas, with
longitudinal semitransparent veins, have generally
acquired for them particular attention.

Our present subject, which is native of the hills of
the interior of North America, is not of so showy
a character as some others. Cuttings readily strike
root. They make the best plants when taken in May
or June, and planted under a hand-glass. If arti-
ficial heat can be given them, their growth is the
more certain, as well as more rapid. A rather dry
situation should be chosen.

Hooker’s Ex. Flor. 140.

PENTSTE'MON OVA'TA.

OVAL-LEAVED PENTSTEMON.

Class. Order.

DIDYNAMIA. A NGIOSPRRItl 1 A .

Natural Order.

SCBOPHULARINA!.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

4 feet.

June, Aug.

Perennial

in 1827.

No. 331.

Pentstemon, see No. 316. Ovata, egg-shaped, a
term used in allusion to the shape of the root leaves.

This beautiful species of Pentstemon, and nearly
twenty others, were collected in the years 1 826-7, by
Mr. David Douglas, who is employed by the London
Horticultural Society. He was first sent to Ame-
rica, in the year 1823, and his zeal and industry
have been fully commensurate with the expectations
of the Society, whose collection of hardy plants he has
greatly enriched.

The Pentstemon ovata may be divided at the root
for increase ; but to render this practice the more
available, in consequence of the young offsets being
mostly produced immediately at the surface of the
soil, it is requisite that they be occasionally moulded
up, to cause their emission of roots; or they will,
sometimes, be found merely as branches of the pa-
rent stem, similar to the bottom shoots of the carna-
tion. Should this not have been previously attended
to, and is requisite in autumn, it may then be per-
formed, and the offsets will throw out roots in the
spring; after which they may be divided, and planted
out for flowering. It may also be raised from seeds.

Bot. Mag. 2903.

LPLIUM MAR'TAGON.

PURPLE MARTAGON.

Class. Order.

HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

TULIPACB*.

Native of |

Height.

Flowers in |

Duration.

Cultivated

Germany.

4 feet.

June, July.

Perennial.

in 1596.

No. 332.

The word Lilium, is derived from the Greek lei-
rion, as noticed under 292. Or, agreeably to some
authorities, from the Celtic Li, signifying whiteness.

The Purple Martagon has been known to almost
every one who has lived within the last three centu-
ries, possessed of the blessing of a few yards of his
native country, to call a garden.

The most striking beauty, when frequently pre-
sented to the eye, loses its power of engaging our at-
tention. Were this not the fact, the peculiar ele-
gance of the Martagon would continue an object of
admiration to every individual of cultivated mind.
Its stately upright pillar, decked above, like an east-
ern pagoda ; and ornamented below, by whorls of uni-
form foliage, render it a profitable subject of contem-
plation for the artist, whose taste should be founded on
beauty. This quality is never sought for in vain a-
mongst the products of nature.

The Purple Martagon flourishes in any common
garden ground. The only subject to which the cul-
tivator’s attention requires to be directed, is that of
never disturbing the bulbs of any species of lily
whilst in a state of active vegetation.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 2, 242.

membra naceiun. .

Pen ts lemon puleln-Bus .

Pinibeekia eoliunn^ris .

Salpiglossis stramuica .

SALPIGLOS'SIS STRAMI'NEA.

STRAW-COLOURED S A L PI G LOSS IS.

Class. Order.

PIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA.

Nutural Order.

SOLANE IE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Chile.

2 feet.

June, Sep.

Perennial.

in 1824.

No. 333.

The name, Salpiglossis, is compounded from two
Greek words, salpigs, a trumpet; and glossa, a
tongue; said to be given in allusion to its trumpet-
shaped flower, and tongue-shaped style. We think
it may, as aptly allude to the style alone, which is
more clearly trumpet-shaped ; and if, by its connec-
tion with the flower, this be assumed to be a tongue,
the plant may be called trumpet-tongued.

The flowers of this genus are all peculiarly beau-
tiful ; but a rather delicate habit, and deficiency of
foliage, render them somewhat less showy than are
some others with far less pretensions.

The individual plant from which our drawing was
made, was raised from seeds, sent from Chile. Its
purple stripes, which are strongly marked on the ex-
terior of the corolla, are but little seen on its inner
surface; less so than in some we have examined.

We recommend it for culture, as a tender annual;
for though it may sometimes, with protection, be pre-
served in the open ground as a perennial, it will gen-
erally be destroyed. It should be forwarded in a
hot-bed, and transplanted into a rich warm border
about the latter end of May.

84 Sweet’s FI. Gard. 262.

.

jETHIONE'MA MEMBRANA'CEUM.

MEMBRANOUS-PODDED jETHIONEMA.

Class. Order.

TETRADYNAMIA. SILICULOSA.

Natural Order.

CRUCIFER*.

Native of

Height.

j Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Persia.

1 foot.

| July, Sept.

Perennial.

in 1829.

No. 334.

We cannot, with certainty, state the precise idea
intended to be conveyed by this compound word,
TEthionema. It is supposed to be founded on the
Greek aitho, to scorch; and nem A, a thread, or
stamen ; on account of a brown tinge on the stamens.
The name was instituted by Decandolle ; and it is
much to be regretted that every author, who either
adopts an old term, or makes a new one, does not re-
cord his motive for its application. The specific
name, membranaceum, is given in allusion to the
membranous wings of the seed-pods.

This is a small neat herbaceous plant, which was
raised from Persian seeds, imported by the late Mr.
Barclay, of Bury Hill. From his collection it was
introduced to the garden of the Birmingham Bota-
nical and Horticultural Society, whence we were fa-
voured with our specimen.

Tliis society, being at present in its infancy, is
probably unknown to many of our readers ; but every
well-wisher to the dissemination . of refined taste, to
say nothing of moral feeling arising out of it, will
gladly recognise this addition to the many public
establishments of a similar nature. Such societies

stand as the ornaments of our country, and the evi-
dence of an increased and increasing thirst after that
knowledge which exists, unmixed with the baser
passions of human nature. To live in the present
day, unconscious of the effects of divine wisdom,
so palpably displayed in every object that is pre-
sented to man’s senses, betrays little less than an in-
excusable, self-satisfied, ignorance. The rising in-
stitutions, both charitable and scientific, established
in Birmingham, show that its inhabitants recognise
such sentiment, and are active in its diffusion.

On reference to Mr. Loudon’s great depositary of
knowledge, his Encyclopaedia of Gardening, we find
that the dimensions of the principal botanic gardens
of Great Britain, are as follow : London thirty-three
acres; Dublin thirty; Edinburgh and Manchester
sixteen each; Glasgow eight ; Cork six ; Liverpool,
Hull, Oxford, and Cambridge, five acres each ;
Chelsea, and Bury St. Edmunds, three each. The
garden of the Birmingham society occupies sixteen
acres. Thus its relative importance, as regards di-
mensions, is at once seen. For the variety and the
fitness of its surface, aspect, and soil ; its supply of
water ; and position, as part of a richly varied land-
scape, we believe it inferior to none. Its progress,
under the management of an active committee, and
a most skilful curator, Mr. D. Cameron, on plans of
Mr. Loudon, is indeed, most auspicious.

The TEthionema membranaceum has proved quite
hardy, and is suitable to the front of the parterre ; or,
from its procumbent habit, to adorn artificial rock-
work. It may be propagated from seeds or cuttings,
and should have a warm and rather dry situation.

Sweet’s FI. Gard. s. 2, 69.

PENTSTE'MON PULCHEL'LUS.

PRETTY PENTSTEMON.

Class. Order.

DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERMIA.

Natural Order.

SCR O PHD LARIN A3.

Native of

Heigtit.

Flowers in Duration.

Introduced

Mexico.

2 feet.

June, Sept. Perennial.

in 1826.

No. 335.

This generic name has been noticed. Pulchellus,
from the Latin, signifying pretty ; which is quite
applicable to this species ; but for every Pentstemon
the same distinction may be claimed.

Since our publication of Pentstemon atropurpu-
reus, we have raised numerous seedlings from that
species; and some of them, in flower, approach Pent-
stemon pulchellus. They vary considerably in their
depth of colouring, and somewhat also in shape.

It has been stated, by some authors, that the seeds
of no species of Pentstemon will vegetate under the
influence of artificial heat, an opinion which we men-
tioned under No. 275, but were not then prepared
either to verify or contradict it. In March last we
sowed seeds of the Pentstemon atropurpureus, and
also of Pentstemon roseus, in pots, and placed them
in a rather warm hotbed, and many vegetated freely.
However, after the pots had been removed from the
hotbed, a further produce of young plants, of each
species, took place, partially corroborating the opi-
nion alluded to. The first crop of plants are now,
November, in full bloom. The second crop remained
weakly, and were not preserved.

Bot. Reg. 1138.

RUDBECK'IA COLUMNA'RIS.

COLUMNAR RUDBECKIA.

Class. Order.

SYNGENESIA. FROSTRANKA.

Natural Order.

COMPOSITE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

3 feet.

Aug. Sept.

Perennial.

in 1811.

No. 336.

Rudbeckia, from Rudbeck, the name of two cele-
brated Swedish botanists. Columnaris, from the cy-
lindrical or columnar receptacle of the flower.

Through the nicer distinctions made by recent
botanists, the old genus, Rudbeckia, has suffered a
little amputation. Out of its severed members, two
genera have been established by Mr. D. Don. The
one Echinacea, the other Centrocarpha, leaving Rud-
beckia restricted to such species only as have divided
leaves and elongated cylindrical receptacles.

As no generally acknowledged specific rules are
laid down, by which to restrict the botanist in his
subdivision of groups of plants, to form genera, the
natural consequence is, that as science progresses, as
men acquire greater botanical penetration, so will
the division of received groups be continued. It
will prevail partly from an impression of benefit ren-
dered to science, and partly from the pride of acute
discrimination.

The Rudbeckia columnaris does not increase so
freely at the root as some others, but will admit of
separation every second year. A light loamy soil is
congenial to its growth.

Loudon’s Ency.of Plants, sp. 12462.

Maurandia Barclaviana

Lupiuos uin.tabilis .

(Euodiera spociosa

MAURAN'DIA BARCLAYIA'NA.
Barclay’s maurandia.

Order.

ANGIOSPF.RMIA.

Natural Order.

SCROPHULARINiE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Mexico.

12 feet.

May, Nov.

Perennial.

in 1826.

No. 337.

This inestimable addition to our limited list of
climbing plants, bears the names of two eminent
encouragers of botany. Dr. Maurandy, Professor of
Botany at Carthagena; and Robert Barclay, Esq.
late of Bury Hill, Surrey.

Mr. Barclay, whose death occurred in 1830, was
amongst the most zealous encouragers of the culti-
vation of ornamental plants and edible vegetables.
Possessed of ample means, acquired by extensive
commercial pursuits, united to a liberal mind, he
became not only an active supporter of botany, and
of natural history in general, but also, it may justly
be said, the liberal patron of all scientific pursuits.
Mr. Barclay greatly aided the cause of botany by
making himself the centre of vegetable exchange.
He maintained a constant correspondence with emi-
nent botanists of the European continent. North and
South America, Islands of the Indian Ocean, and
other intermediate countries. He liberally supplied
them with such plants and seeds, as their respective
situations demanded; and they, in return, transmit-
ted him riches of the temperate or torrid zones, as
their several localities afforded opportunity.

85

Class.

DIDYNAMIA.

The plants thus acquired, Mr. Barclay submitted
to judicious management; and their increase enabled
him to distribute them from zone to zone, and from
hemisphere to hemisphere. Thus he gave to dis-
tant countries, and to his own, the advantages which
claim for him the gratitude of mankind.

The Maurandia Barclayiana is a most splendid
addition to our ornamental climbers; and if this
were the only plant for which English botanists had
to be grateful to its introducer, the debt could not
be deemed inconsiderable. It grows with great
luxuriance in the border, during summer, and may
be trained up a wall, or on trellis work. In the ab-
sence of these advantages, for its support and dis-
play, it may be very effectually cultivated amongst
other herbaceous plants, or low flowering shrubs,
simply by training it up common pea-sticks; on
which it will luxuriate and produce its wonted pro-
fusion of brilliant blue flowers, till prevented by the
severe weather of autumn.

Its seeds should be sown early in the spring, in a
hotbed, and the young plants be forwarded by being
potted, singly, in rich soil. They should be gradu-
ally inured to bear the open air, by having free ex-
posure to it during the day-time. These plants may
be turned out of the pots, into the open ground, at
the end of April, and they will soon grow rapidly,
and flower freely. If house protection can be af-
forded young plants of the Maurandia Barclayiana,
during winter, they will acquire strength, and on
being turned into the borders in April or May, they
will become stronger, and blossom earlier in the
summer, than spring seedlings.

Bot. Reg. 1108.

LUPI'NUS MUTA'BILIS.

CHANGEABLE LUPINE.

Class. Order.

MONADBLPHIA. DECANDHIA.

Natural Order.

LEG U MINOS J5.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Bogota.

5 feet.

July, Oct.

Perennial.

in 1825.

No. 338.

The word Lupinus, from lupus, a wolf, has been
thought, by some authors, to allude to the plant be-
ing sometimes eaten by wolves; but the vegetable
is more generally understood to have borne some
fancied comparison with the animal, from the de-
vastation occasioned by its rapidly spreading over
the soil. Mutabilis, from the Latin, changeable;
expressive of the mutability of its colours.

The flowers of this handsome Lupine are delight-
fully fragrant ; and their inconstancy of colour is
probably not fully known. Our figure shows their
usual colouring; opening white, attaining partial
shades of yellow, and ultimately, tints of purple.
We have seen plants, raised from imported seeds,
with flowers much darker.

Though naturally a tender perennial, this Lupine
may be most successfully cultivated as a half-hardy
annual. Forward the young plants in a hotbed,
and turn them into the borders in May: they will
ornament the garden till unrelenting frosts stop
short their gay existence. Autumn-raised plants,
protected through the winter, seldom attain the
luxuriance of those raised in spring.

Sweet’s FI. Gard. 130.

1

(ENOTHERA SPECIOSA.

SHOWY (ENOTHERA.

Order.

MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

ONAGRARI JE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

2J feet.

June, Sep.

Perennial.

in 1821.

No. 339.

For the derivation of the word (Enothera, see No.
163. Speciosa, from the Latin, signifying hand-
some, or showy.

Unconscious of its habit, we first planted it, in
spring, in a soil that was light and rich : the con-
sequence was, that by autumn it had travelled seve-
ral feet in each direction, by the agency of under-
ground shoots. It then, obtrusively, sprung up in
the acknowledged habitations of its neighbours,
only to meet a decisive ejectment. The best prac-
tice, therefore, is to plant it in a pot, which may be
sunk in the border. It should then be repotted
every spring, in preference to any other season.

W ere vegetable beauties not held perfectly inno-
cent of any trait of that vanity, which cynics pretend
to discover in beauties of another class of creation,
the (Enothera speciosa would stand accused by the
same illnatured philosophers, of quitting its rightful
domicil the better to display its attractions.

This is a strongly marked variety of Nuttall s
plant, of the same species. The latter has not
been observed to perfect seeds in this country, whilst
ours produces them freely.

Hooker’s Ex. Flor. 80.

Class.

OCTANDR1A.

-

'

■ .

DICLY'TRA EXIM'IA.

CHOICE DICLYTRA.

Order.

HEXANDRIA.

Natural Order.

FUM ARIACEjE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

18 inches.

June, Aug.

Perennial.

in 1812.

No. 340.

Diclytra is compounded of the two Greek words,
dis, twice; and elytron, a sheath. The word
is applied to this genus in allusion to the two
sheaths, or protuberances, of the base of the corolla.
Exiinia, from the Latin, signifying choice, or select.

The genus Fumaria, as originally established,
included not only the plants which it now compre-
hends, but also those of Corydalis, Diclytra, and
two or three minor genera ; indeed the whole of the
natural order, Fumariacese, depended on it. The
generic name, Diclytra, explicitly distinguishes its
own species from most others of the Fumariacese,
in consequence of these having but one spur, or
prominence at the base, in lieu of two.

This is a desirable herbaceous plant for the flower
border, not in reference to its blossoms alone, but
also from its compact and neat foliage. Its flower-
ing stems vary considerably in comparison with its
leaves. They are taller as the season advances.

A dry situation is usually thought best for it, but
we have it in a light soil and rather moist situation,
where it grows with exuberance. We prefer divid-
ing it in spring.

Class.

DIADEI.PHIA.

Bot. Reg. 51.

.

-

Ervthraea aggregate .

Erpctiou reuiforiuis.

Auagallis Wrfbbiaiia

Cl. i\ Ionia Sibirica.

TPi'.f?

86

Jr.'tlWnun^'

ERYTHRiE'A AGGREGA'TA.

AGGREGATE ERYTHR.® A.

Order.

MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

CENTIANB*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Nepaul.

3 inches.

Apr. Sept.

Perennial.

in 1824.

No. 341.

The Greek eruthros, signifying red, was
thought not to be inappropriately applied to this
genus, when established, on account of the colour of
its flowers; but the addition of yellow-flowered spe-
cies renders it somewhat anomalous. Aggregata,
from the Latin, in allusion to its branches, which are
crowded or aggregated together.

This is a delightful little plant, either for the lapi-
dium or for pot culture, but we are not sure that it
will bear all the vicissitudes of our winters, without
protection. At all times, in winter and summer, it
presents so neat and lively an appearance, both in
flower and out of flower, that we have kept it in pots
and given it the protection of a cold frame, in frosty
weather. It is not, however, delicate. A fortnight
ago we saw it stiffened with ice; it now presents the
freshness of spring.

It should be planted in a fresh sandy loam, and
may be kept rather dry than otherwise. It will be
greatly benefited by being well drained by potsherds
or broken tiles, which should occupy at least one
third of the pot. It may be divided, or raised from
seeds, which are produced in abundance.

86 Sweet’s FI. Gard. 137.

Class.

PENTANDRIA.

ERPE'TION RENIFOR'MIS.

SPURLESS VIOLET.

Order.

MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.
violarie s.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. Holland.

2 inches.

May, Sept.

Perennial.

in 1825.

No. 342.

Erpetion, from the Greek erpetos, trailing; and
ion, a violet; a name compounded to denote the ex-
istence of the little runners which are produced by
the Erpetion, and also its connexion with the violet,
one of which it was formerly considered. Renifor-
mis, is deduced from the Latin ren, the kidneys; in
allusion to its kidney-shaped leaves.

The violet is so general a favourite, and its name
the subject of so many pleasing associations, that it
becomes a matter of regret, that our modest little
flower, so nearly allied to it, should have been dis-
charged from the genus. It is a neat little plant,
suitable for a pot, or for planting in a raised border
or mount, where it may be more immediately pre-
sented to the eye.

The Erpetion reniformis, may be divided at the
root, for increase; or, if its runners be attended to,
and fastened down to the soil, its increase may be
greatly facilitated; and the young plants thus obtain-
ed, will bear the severity of the winter with less injury
than old plants. It may be raised from seeds also,
which, if sown as soon as ripe, in pots, and protected
during winter, will flower in the following summer.

Sweet’s FI. Gard. 170.

Class.

PENTANDRIA.

ANAGAL'LIS WEBBIA'NA.
webb's pimpernel.

Order.

MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

PRIMULACEiE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

S. Europe.

3 inches.

May, Oct.

Perennial.

in 1828.

No. 343.

The word, Anagallis, is derived from the Greek.
It is from anagelao, to laugh, as it was supposed
to cure the spleen and despondency. The term,
Webbiana, is used iu honour of P. B. Webb, Esq.
who discovered it in his travels, and sent it home
to his residence at Milford, Surry.

The very name, Anagallis, as connected with our
“pink-eyed” Pimpernel, excites a feeling of interest
and regard. Every body knows the Poor Man’s
Weather Glass, and looks for its little scarlet flowers,
brightly glowing, or in quiet repose, at the foot of
the ripening corn stalk. Our present species too,
is equally interesting, and equally humble. It is
always prostrate, and claims the kind hand of the
florist to give it support. Cowper felt for all nature’s
children. He could sympathize with all. He says,
“ Few self-supported flowers endure the wind
Uninjured, but expect the upholding- aid
Of the smooth shaven prop ; and neatly tied,

Are wedded thus, like beauty to old age,

For interest’s sake, the living to the dead.”

The Anagallis Webbiana is not so susceptible of
atmospheric vicissitudes as the Anagallis arveusis.

Class.

PENTANDRIA.

or Pimpernel, to which we have alluded. The latter
plant is proverbially so ; opening in fine weather and
closing before rain. But as the atmosphere has not
at all times the same degree of pressure or humidity
to indicate its changes, so can neither the Pimpernel,
the barometer, nor hygrometer, prove an infallible
prognosticator. The Pimpernel and some other
flowers open and close at a stated time; hence a
vegetable clock has been formed; which has been
delightfully alluded to by Mrs. Hemans.

“ ’Twas a lovely thought to mark the hours,

As they floated in light away,

By the opening and the folding flowers,

That laugh to the summer’s day.

Thus had each moment its own rich hue,

And its graceful cup or bell,

In whose coloured vase might sleep the dew,

Like a pearl in an ocean-shell.

To such sweet signs might the times have flow'd
In a golden current on,

Ere from the garden, man’s first abode,

The glorious guests were gone.

Yet is not life in its real flight,

Marked thus — even thus — on earth,

By the closing- of one hope’s delight,

And another’s gentle birth.

Oh ! let us live, so that flower by flower,

Shutting in turn, may leave
A lingerer still for the sunset hour,

A charm for the shaded eve.”

The Anagallis Webbiana may be increased from
seeds, or cuttings. The latter should be covered
with a glass, and have a little bottom heat.

CLAYTO'NIA SIBI'RICA.

SIBERIAN CLAYTONIA.

Order.

MONOGVNIA.

Natural Order.
portclacea;.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration .

Introduced

Siberia.

4 inches.

June, Aug.

Perennial.

in 1768.

No. 344.

Doctor Thomas Clayton, after whom this genus
was named, took his degree of M.D. at the Univer-
sity of Oxford, a little before the close of the seven-
teenth century. He afterwards went to Virginia,
and became a correspondent of the London Philo-
sophical Society.

The Claytonia Sibirica is not possessed of showy
character; but, if its pretensions to such be small, its
demands on our services are proportionately inconsi-
derable. It grows freely in shady situations, and
will increase spontaneously by its seeds, particularly
where they happen to fall amongst thrift or similar
plants, which form a good winter protection.

An eastern aspect appears to us particularly well
suited to this plant; and if the soil be not tolerably
cool and moist, a protection to its roots, from drought,
may readily be effected by the addition of stones to
the border wherein it is planted. Stone borders will,
we trust, ere long, be duly appreciated. The addi-
tion of these rocky appendages, which may be form-
ed almost without expense, equally afford both win-
ter and summer protection, at the same time as they
may be made to yield both variety and ornament.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 2, 53.

Class.

PENTANDRIA.

*

Mnlva Manritiana .

Primula auricula .

Seduin aizouu .

Hedysarom roseum .

Z ft. Smith, <Mr

S Hftftl ,ralf>

PRIM ULA AURI CULA.

AURICULA. Fletcher’s Mary Aun.
Class. Order.

PF.NTANDR1A. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

PRIMOLACE*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

Switzerland

6 inches.

Apr. May.

Perennial.

in 1597.

No. 345.

Primula, from primus, first; in allusion to its
early flowering. Auricula, from auris, an ear; a
name given to this genus on account of a fancied re-
semblance of its leaves to the ears of an animal. It
appears that the ancients had no fixed or established
appellation for the Auricula; every one, as Parkin-
son says, having given it a name according to his
own conceit. Matthiolus, who lived in the early
part of the sixteenth century, recognized the term
auricula ursi, or Bear’s-ear; hence, Auricula has
become established amongst us.

This plant was raised by J. Fletcher, of Hockley,
near Birmingham, and has rarely failed to take the
first prizes, wherever it has been shown ; unless in
competition with the same florist’s Ne plus ultra, an
incomparable flower, for which he refused ten gui-
neas a plant in its second season.

The culture of Auriculas, as practised by florists
who are eminent for the production of first-rate
flowers, requires considerable experience to render
its votaries proficient in all its details.

By many florists the preparation of a proper com-
post is considered to be of the very first importance.

87

That a rich, wholesome, porous, soil should be used,
we allow, but the utility of a multifarious medley of
anomalous ingredients is doubted by the most emi-
nent growers in the kingdom ; and the danger of an
improper use of them is known to all. Those who
advocate the use of sugar scum, blood, and manure
of various descriptions, are well aware that such in-
gredients cannot be safely employed, till they have
remained about two years to decay; or, in other
words, till all their pernicious qualities have been
subdued by new combinations of their active prin-
ciples, and the mixture is become simply such as
may have been readily compounded from the usual
soils and manure of almost every garden.

It is most likely that all the properties of animal
matter which can be turned to good account, in the
excitement of the Auricula, are conveniently obtain-
ed in bone dust. This possesses such oleaginous,
and other substances as may be serviceable to ve-
getable life. Its decomposition is slow, and its
volatile alkali, in consequence, is not too rapidly
evolved. By the addition of a very small quantity
of lime, its unctious matter may be decomposed and
fitted for the immediate use of the plant; and car-
bon would also be imbibed from the atmosphere.
The slowness of its decomposition, yields great ad-
vantage, by the longer continuance of its stimulus.

Fresh loam, which has been prepared from turf,
by laying it together till its grass and roots are de-
cayed; well rotted hotbed manure; decayed leaves,
or the vegetable powder from the inside of a hollow
tree; with drift sand and bone dust. These are
the requisites for a superior compost.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 1, 309.

HED YS'ARUM ROSEUM.

ROSE-COLOURED HEDYSARUM.

Class. Order.

DIADELPHIA. DECANDRIA.

Natural Order.
leguminosa:.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Siberia.

18 inches.

July, Aug.

Perennial.

in 1803.

No. 346.

The derivation of the terra Heclysarum, is found
in the Greek edus, sweet, and aroma, the scent
of flowers. Roseum, from the colour of the flower.

This plant is ornamental, and very hardy, and will
grow in any common soil. It merely requires tying
up, once in a season, and its flowering stems will
then continue upright, and have a neat appearance.

It is nearly allied to the well-known British spe-
cies, Hedysarum onobrychis, or Sainfoin ; a plant,
which, in some of the gravelly and chalky soils of
England, is found to be of great advantage to the
agriculturist. Young, in his Annals of Agriculture,
and Martyn, in his Miller’s Dictionary, strongly ad-
vocate the culture of Sainfoin, The latter author
has drawn a comparison between the profits of Sain-
foin and Turnips; and, although his deductions are
somewhat incomprehensible, sufficient is shown to
prove, that on poor lands, where chalk and gravel
prevail, Sanfoin may be profitably cultivated.

The increase of Hedysarum roseum, when left two
or three years undisturbed, is not apparently great,
but it will be found to admit of many divisions.
This should be performed when it begins to shoot.

Loudon’s Ency. of PI. 630.

MAL'VA MAURITIA'NA.

MAURITANIAN MALLOW.

Class. Order.

MONADELPHIA. POLYANDKIA.

Natural Order.

MALVACEJE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration .

Introduced

S. Europe.

6 feet.

June, July.

Annual.

in 1768.

No. 347.

The word Malva, is used in allusion to the emol-
lient qualities of the plant, and is derived from the
Latin mollis, soft. Mauritiana, from Mauritius,
whence it is said to have been brought to England
by John Earl of Bute.

This is a tall handsome annual, suitable for the
backs of borders, the centres of mounts; or for ming-
ling with low shrubs in the pleasure ground. Its
flowers are somewhat variable in their depth of
colouring. We have given the delineation of a
single corolla, from a less coloured variety; and its
tints will usually be found to be near the one or
the other, or varying between them.

We had a plant of this species of Mallow, which
did not flower in the first season of its growth; it
lived, uninjured, through the winter, and in the suc-
ceeding summer, grew to an incredible size, bearing
a profusion of showy flowers. Hence it may be
inferred, that if seeds be sown a month or two later
than usual, the same change of habit may be se-
cured. A slight winter protection would render
success more certain. For flowering in the first
season, it should be sown in the borders, in March.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 4, 216.

SE'DUM AIZOO'N.

YELLOW STONE-CROP.

Class. Order.

DECANDRIA. PENTAGYNIA.

Natural Order.

CRASSULACE JE.

Native of

Heig-ht.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Siberia.

1 foot.

July, Sept.

Perennial.

in 1757.

No. 348.

Sedum is deduced from the Latin sedere, to sit,
from the closeness with which most of these plants
are attached to rocks and dry places. The term
savours of an old author’s whim, who saw that his
sedum had no leg to stand upon. Aizoon, from the
Greek aei, always, and zoon, alive; a name for-
merly applied to this and some others of the same
genus, from their existing in defiance of aridity.

A collection of succulent plants assumes a far more
interesting group than would at first be conceived,
from the possession of a few species only. Their
peculiarity of conformation, and their almost obsti-
nate attachment to life, render them objects of
pleasing curiosity.

It would appear as though many species of Sem-
pervivum, Sedum, Cotyledon, Cactus, and others of
the Crassulaceae, grew independently of the grosser
elements, earth and water. It is true, that some of
them will exist for months, in the absence of both.
Natives, as many of the Cacteae are, of the rocks of
South America, they meet a scanty supply of either;
and indeed, our own Sempervivum tectorum, or
common houseleek, attached to a cottage tiling,

furnishes a familiar example of fleshy or succulent
plants withstanding the effects of drought.

This economy, wisely bestowed on such as are
natives of hot countries, is effected by a peculiar
formation of their skin, or cuticular covering; which,
as Sir J. E. Smith expresses it, constitutes “ a fine,
but essential barrier between life and destruction.”
The cuticle of leaves is, in general, so formed as to
admit of absorption, and very ready exhalation ;
the upper surface of the leaf performing the for-
mer, and the lower surface, the latter. How fre-
quently do we see the vegetable embellishments
of the balcony faint under the heat of summer,
when left to the care of the hand that neglects them;
and the mown grass, — the verdure and freshness
of the lawn, how quickly it is withered and dried !
But with the tribe of succulent plants, this cannot
so easily occur; for independently of their greater
abundance of fluid, their cuticle does not admit its
ready evaporation. It is protected as in a bottle.
But although these juices are prevented by so thin
a membrane, from escaping, still that same mem-
brane easily admits the admission of moisture ;
miser-like, it is ready to accumulate but not to dis-
tribute. A gathered leaf will remain long before
it becomes flaccid and withered; but when it is in
that state, if put into water, it quickly regains its
wonted plumpness; which yields a clear proof of the
peculiar properties of its covering; or, of the in-
comprehensible organization of this curious tribe.
Man’s wisdom is, indeed, but folly !

The Sedum aizoon may be divided at the root.
Ere long we hope to resume the subject.

Hort. Kcw. 2, t. 3, 112.

GLAU'CIUM PHCENI'CEUM.

RED-FLOWERED HORN-POPPY.

Class. Order.

POLYANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

PAPAVERACEA?.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Inhabits

England.

2 feet.

June, July.

Annual.

Sandy fields.

No. 349.

The origin of the word Glaucium, is found in the
Greek glaukos, signifying greenish; or more
strictly, in the original, greyish. Phceniceum, in
the Latin, purple; butthe Greek word phoinikeos,
has reference to blood, and its colour.

This genus of plants was the Chelidonium of
Linneus, and Papaver of old authors. Gerard, how-
ever, says, “ That by the concordance of all authors,
for the most part, it is the true and legitimate Glau-
cium of Dioscorides.” It is the Glaucium cornicu-
latum of De Candolle.

When in flower, its appearapce has a strong affi-
nity to the type of the natural order to which it be-
longs,— the Papaver, or Poppy ; its seed vessel forms
the principal difference.

It is thought to contain some of the narcotic pro-
perties of the Papaver somnifera, from which the
opium of commerce is prepared. Pomet, a French
author, in his History of Drugs, asserts that the Turks
use the juice of the Glaucium to mix with that of the
Poppy, and thereby make an inferior opium.

Though the" Glaucium, grown in Asia, may pos-
sess considerable properties as a narcotic, it may not

88

be so evidently its character in northern climates,
for it is asserted that the opium of Eygpt is stronger
than any produced north of the Mediterranean ; that
the Turkish is stronger than French; and French
than English. This opinion must, however, be re-
ceived with caution, for in this country, opium has
been produced, which was proved to contain all the
narcotic properties of the foreign drug, and that too,
without its impurities.

The influence of climate on the medicinal quali-
ties of some vegetables, has been incontrovertibly
proved to be great. Dr. Paris says that, “Senna
by transplantation from Arabia into the south of
France (Provence) assumes a marked change in its
physiognomy and virtues, its leaves are more obtuse,
and its taste less bitter and nauseous than the pointed
leaved variety, while its effects will be found to be
less purgative. Cruciform plants degenerate within
the tropics, but acquire increased energies, as Antis-
corbutics, in cold regions; the Menthae have not so
penetrating an essential oil in the south of Europe as
in England and in the north of France. The relative
proportions of gluten vary in the wheat of different
countries, and as in the south of Europe, its quantity
greatly predominates over the other principles, we
at once discover the cause that gives such excellence
to the Maccaroni of Italy. Many species of plants
secrete juices in warmer regions, which are unknown
in their oeconomy, in colder climates ; thus the Ash
yields Manna in Calabria, but loses that faculty as it
advances towards the north.”

Glaucium phceniceum is a doubtful native. It may
be sown in the borders in April.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 3, 288.

PHLOX PANICULA'TA.

WHITE PANICI.ED PHLOX.

Class. Order.

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

POLEMONIACEjE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

5 feet.

Aug. Sept.

Perennial

in 1813.

No. 350.

The derivation of the word Phlox, we have had
previous occasion to notice. Paniculata, a botanical
term, used in reference to a mode of flowering in
which the partial footstalks are variously subdivided,
as exemplified in the plant before us.

In addition to the white variety, which we now
give, of Phlox paniculata, there is also a purple one,
which was brought from America many years pre-
viously. They are extremely handsome autumn-
flowering plants, which on account of their very
showy character, should occupy a prominent place,
whether it he in the shrubbery or in the flower garden.
When in full gaiety they exhibit one continuous dress
of delicate blossoms.

It will often occur, particularly in light and par-
tially peaty soils, that the Phlox paniculata so far
exhausts the earth of the stimulating qualities neces-
sary for its luxuriant growth, that it will refuse to
throw out its roots more than about two years in the
same spot. Afterwards it will spread round the
sides, whilst the roots in the centre, decay ; hence the
propriety of a division, and replanting, every other
year at farthest.

Hort. Kevv. 2, v. 1, 324.

LOBE'LIA BI COLOR.

TWO-COLOURED LOBELIA.

Class. Order.

PENT ANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

LOBELIACE&.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

C. G. Hope.

6 inches.

July, Sept.

Annual.

in 1795.

No. 351.

Matthias de Lobel, after whom this genus was in-
stituted, was the son of a Flemish lawyer, and was
born at Lisle, in 1538. He was a zealous botanist,
and ultimately held an appointment, perhaps honorary
only, under our English monarch, James I. The
application of bicolor, is evident ; being partly com-
pounded from bis, twice.

This pretty little annual has been very generally
confined to green-house culture, but there is no oc-
casion that the cultivator of hardy flowers should be
deprived of the pleasure of possessing it, since it is
equally subservient to his management. Its flowers
are numerous and pleasing, but from their delicacy
and the smallness of the plant, it should be placed
near to the hand and the eye, to invite examination;
its claims to notice will then be duly appreciated.

Its seeds should be sown early in April, in a pot
of fine compost, and placed in a hotbed. When the
young plants are about half an inch high, they
should be planted, singly, in small pots of rich com-
post; be gradually exposed to the open air, and at
the end of May, they may be either turned out of the
pots or retained in them for flowering.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 1, 361.

COREOP'SIS TRI'PTERIS.

THREE-LEAVED COREOPSIS.

Class. Order.

SYNGENESIA. FRUSTRANEA.

Natural Order.

COMPOSITE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

6 feet.

Aug-. Sept.

Perennial.

in 1737.

No. 352.

Coreopsis is compounded from the Greek coris,
a bug; and opsis, resemblance or appearance, in-
dicative of the shape of the seeds. The trivial name,
Tripteris, is deduced from the Greek trias, three;
and pteron, a wing; and is appropriately used in
allusion to the leaves of the plant, which occur in
threes upon the stems.

The flowers of Coreopsis tripteris are rather small
in proportion to its height, but this is amply com-
pensated by other circumstances. Very few her-
baceous plants which grow to the same height, pos-
sess so great a degree of neatness in all their parts.
It has not obtrusive laterals, but is upright and
straight, smooth and spruce, quite the trim gentle-
man, with a touch of the old bachelor, scorning large
ornaments.

It demands no peculiar soil, situation, nor treat-
ment. It admits of being divided at the root for in-
crease, and this may be performed either in autumn
or spring. If good flowering plants be desired, it
should not be parted into very small portions, as it
will not attain its full size in the season subsequently
to such a division.

Hort. Kew. 2, y. 5, 133.

CHRYSAN THEMUM SINEN'SE.

CHINESE CHRYSANTHEMUM.

Order.

POLY G A M I A SEPERPLUA.

Natural Order.
corymbifera:.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

China.

4 feet.

Sep. Nov.

Perennial.

in 1790.

No. 353.

From the Greek word, chrusos, gold; and an-
thos, a flower, the name Chrysanthemum has been
compounded, in allusion to the golden hue of some
of its species. Sinense, from the name of an ancient
people of China.

There are very few plants cultivated in England,
which produce so splendid and varied an exhibition
of flowers as the varieties of Chrysanthemum Si-
nense. The season of their flowering is rather later
than could be wished by those who possess no con-
veniency for protecting them; but still, on the ap-
proach of frosty weather, this may be effected even
withinside almost every dwelling house, by giving
them a place in a light hall, or before a large win-
dow. In some seasons a single frosty night occurs
as though it were by accident, out of season, a month
before winter otherwise makes a general attack on
all that we value in the garden. Protection against
such an occurrence should be provided if possible.
With a little ingenuity this may be produced with-
out any expense worth naming. Those to whom
the cost is not matter of consideration, will excuse
our suggestions for the benefit of others.

69

Class.

SYNGENESIA .

With a wall, having a good aspect, a few boards,
placed edgeways against it, to form a recess of eigh-
teen inches deep, and the spare lights of a hot-bed
frame, ample protection, in the form of a bookcase,
may be provided for a small collection. In the ab-
sence of glass lights, strips of wood may be joined
together to form a frame; on this form a lattice-
work of string, and extend over it large sheets of
white paper, such as double-crown printing paper,
by uniting the edges of the sheets, and pasting nar-
row strips of paper over the strings, to the back of
it, by which all will be kept firm. The application
of a coat of good varnish, by a painter, will render it
tolerably transparent and impervious to rain, conse-
quently useful for other gardening purposes. Thus
provided, the florist may completely enclose his pots
of Chrysanthemums, during the night, whenever
prudence intimates the necessity of such caution.
It should, however, be remembered, that all modes
of protection are likely to injure their foliage, and
render the stems bare and unsightly; therefore, as
far as is practicable, without incurring danger from
severe weather, Chrysanthemums should have full
exposure, in an airy situation, with ample space be-
tween the plants.

We have previously stated, under No. 120, that
cuttings taken in May, produce the most desirable
plants, and further experience corroborates this opi-
nion. So raised, the plants are handsomer, better
clothed with foliage, and altogether exhibit a fresh-
ness and luxuriance wanting in those, which have
been raised by autumnal cuttings; or what is still
less desirable, by mere divisions of old roots.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 5, 95.

MACLEAYA CORDA'TA.

HEART-LEAVED MACLEAYA.

Class. Order.

POLYANDRIA. MONOGYN1A.

Natural Order.

PAPA VERACEjE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

China.

6 feet.

May, June.

Perennial.

in 1795.

No. 354.

This genus has been named by Robert Brown,
after Alexander Macleay, Secretary to the Linnean
Society. Cordata, from the Latin cor, the heart;
a term applied to the shape of its foliage.

The Macleaya cordata will be better known to
most of our readers by its Linnean name, Bocconia
cordata. From the genus Bocconia it has been se-
parated, on account of its want of agreement in
several parts of its inflorescence, as well as in the
number of its seeds.

This plant is only seen to advantage when it has
remained three or four years undisturbed, in a fresh
light loamy soil, and open situation. Under such
circumstances, it will produce several stately upright
stems, with numerous pannicles of its delicate flow-
ers; which, individually considered, are but humble,
yet in the aggregate they become exceedingly inte-
resting. Exposed stamens alone, surrounding the
germen, form these airy flowers; thus, destitute of
their legitimate apparel, a corolla, they are left to
shiver before the breeze; and nature seems to have
placed them on a pinnacle, the more to embitter their
feelings. Paley’s crocus was not half so forlorn.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 3, 142.

I.EUCOCAR'PUS ALA'TUS.

WING-STALKED LEUCOCARPUS,

Class. Order.

DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERM I A .

Natural Order.

SCROl'HUI.ARIN.'E.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

S. America.

2 feet.

July, Oct.

Perennial.

in 1830.

No. 355.

The name of this genus is compounded from two
Greek words, lukos, white; and karpos, fruit;
the application of which is evident. Alatus, from
the Latin, winged; which term is applied to such
stalks as have a prominent thin membrane running
up their edges.

This plant was published in the Botanical Maga-
zine, as the Mimulus perfoliatus, after Kunth; but
no sooner was its fruit seen than its right to a place
in such genus was atonce discovered to be untenable.

As no genus had been established to which it
could be referred, Mr. D. Don formed a new one
under the above name, of which the plant before us
at present stands sole occupant.

It has not very much gaiety, its flowers being
rather inconspicuous in proportion to its size; but as
it bears its white fruit in abundance, with its flowers,
it should assist in affording variety to every good
collection. Increase is obtained by separation of its
offsets; or it may be easily raised from seeds. It is
native of the sides of streams, and consequently is
encouraged by moisture. It should be protected by
the cold frame, in severe weather.

Don’s MSS. Sweet’s FI. Gard, 124.

%

*

MELIT'TIS MELISSOPHYL'LUM.

MELISSA-LEAVED BASTARD BALM.

Class. Order.

DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA.

Natural Order.

LABIATE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Native of

England.

15 inches.

May, June.

Perennial.

Woods.

No. 356.

Melittis, from meli, honey; named on account of
bees gathering an abundance of it from the flowers.
Melissophyllum, is compounded from the generic
title, melissa; and phullon, leaf.

Although this plant occurs pretty frequently in the
woods and hedges of some parts of the southern and
western counties of England, it has not, we believe,
been found in the northern districts, nor even in the
midland. The whole plant, in its fresh state, has not
a peculiarly agreeable smell, as it approaches that of
some species of the anthemis. In its dry state, how-
ever, it becomes pleasantly odoriferous, and this
quality it is said to retain many years.

A variety of the Melittis melissophyllum, which is
known as the Melittis grandiflora of Sir J. E. Smith,
is more handsome than the plant before us; and as
botanists somewhat disagree respecting the identity
of the species, we intend, at a future time, giving a
figure of it, for the gratification of those who, with-
out possessing specimens, have been led to the con-
sideration of their relationship.

Neither variety requires any peculiar manage-
ment, or choice of soil and situation.

Hort. Kew. 2. v. 3, 421 .

S Watti trvlp

CALCEOLA RIA ARACHNOI'DEA.

COBWEB SLIPPER WORT.

Order.

MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

SCROPHULARIN*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Chile.

2 feet.

June, Sept.

Perennial.

in 1827.

No. 357.

Calceolaria, from calceolus, a slipper, or shoe, has
been adopted as a name for this genus, from the
shape of the flower ; but the turning up, and conse-
quent closing of the inflated lip of the corolla, ob-
literates the resemblance. Arachnoidea, from the
Greek araknion, a cobweb; used to mark the
woolliness, or cobweb-like covering of its herbage.

The deep purple flowers of this plant contrast ad-
mirably with its white fleecy clothing; and their
numbers, and long continuance, add much to its va-
lue in the estimation of the florist.

This beautiful genus is rapidly increasing in hy-
brid varieties, some of which are splendid, but the
greenhouse claims them for its own. Our present
subject requires only the protection of a little tan,
litter, or a mat, in the most severe frosts. Its roots,
which are found in Chile, in a gravelly soil, are used
there under the name Relbun, to dye woollen cloth
of a deep crimson colour.

It strikes root from cuttings most readily; or, if
the young stems be simply confined to the soil by a
hook, or stone, they will do the same. A light soil,
with a warm aspect, is suitable to its luxuriance.

90 Bot. Mag. 2874.

Class.

DIANDRIA.

■

■

'

.

CHRYSOCO'MA LINOSYRIS.

FLAX-LEAVED GOLDYLOCKS.

Class. Order.

SYNCENESIA. POLYGAMIA VEQGALIS.

Natural Order.

COMPOSITE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

Europe.

2 feet.

July, Sept.

Perennial.

in 1596.

No. 358.

From the Greek words, krusos, gold; and
kome, a head of hair, our present generic name has
been compounded, in accordance with the appear-
ance of the flower. The word, Linosyris, was the
principal name used by Lobel, and some of his suc-
cessors; the derivation of which may be given in the
words of Johnson, who edited a new edition of
Gerard’s Herbal, in 1633. He says “ Forasmuch as
this plant is stalked and leaved like common flax,
(Linum) and thought, by some, to be osyris, the
new writers have called it Linosyris.”

The Chrysocoma linosyris ranks in the Flora of
Britain as a native inhabitant, but of rare occur-
rence. We find its only acknowledged habitat to be
the rocky cliffs of Berry head, Devonshire; but as it
has not come under the notice of the authors of the
Flora Devoniensis, we conclude that it has now no
resting place in England, but by sufferance. Ger-
many,and the more southern districts of Europe, are
the parts where it is most extensively indigenous.

Its growth is neat and upright ; but its terminating
yellow blossoms are only showy through their num-
bers. Its roots may be divided for increase.

Hort. Kevv. 2, v. 4, 514.

PYRE'THRUM INODO'RUM.

SCENTLESS FEVERFEW.

Order.

POLY GAMI A SUPERPLllA.

Natural Order.

COMPOSITE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Inhabits

Britain.

2 feet.

June, Sept.

Perennial.

dry fields.

No. 359.

Pyrethrum is an ancient Greek name, adopted for
a genus that consists of plants which Linneus in-
cluded under his chrysanthemum, and matricaria,
with the addition of some of more recent introduc-
tion. The specific name has reference to its want of
that powerful scent, so common to its congeners.

Our present subject is often met with in the nur-
series as the matricaria grandiflora. Its numerous
white flowers, and finely-cut deep green foliage, pro-
duce a pleasing effect, when confined to an upright
growth, and maintained in a healthy state. Some-
times, towards the latter part of the season, notwith-
standing it is as hardy as common chamomile, it be-
comes unthrifty, and is attacked by insects, which
render it unsightly. On the first appearance of dis-
ease, some of the stems should be cut down to the
earth, whilst others maybe partially shortened, which
will induce young and more healthy herbage.

It may be increased by offsets at almost every
period of the year. We think it desirable that it be
divided into portions as small as possible, and plant-
ed in a rather cool and shady situation. This treat-
ment tends much to its luxuriant appearance.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 5, 99.

Class.

SYNGENESIA.

It is probable that a regular supply of moisture,
in accordance with the requirements of the plant,
would altogether prevent their formation. We know
that some species of grass, which are strictly fibrous-
rooted, particularly the phleum pratense, produce
tubers, in situations where they are exposed to the
occasional want of fluids necessary for their luxuri-
ant or healthy increase.

When suffering under such privations, it may be
conceived that the stems and roots of a plant become
less flexible; and its vessels being constringed by
drought, would be incapable, when subsequently sup-
plied with a due portion of fluids, of ready and free
dilatation. In this state, the fluids collected by the
extremities of the roots may be prevented, by the
rigidity of those parts near the surface of the earth,
from freely ascending. At this point an accumula-
tion of its juices occurs, and somewhat analagous to
the aneurism of an artery, a tuberis produced. These
tubers, gradually increasing, subsequently become
reservoirs, to meet any deficiency of supply that may
casually occur. Thus we see infinite wisdom making
the very existence of a want the means of its remedy.

A proper distinction must be observed between
such tubers as are mere reservoirs of unprepared
fluids, and those which are depositories of elaborated
juices from the plant, in which the vitality of a future
individual of its species exists.

The herbage of the Phlomis tuberosa, having a
bold, and rather rough, appearance, renders it most
suitable to the foreground of the shrubbery. Our
plant grows freely in a red sandy soil, and an ex-
posed situation.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 3, 408.

.

AR BUTUS UNE'DO.

COMMON STRAWBERRY TREE.

Class. Order.

DECANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

ERICE

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Native of

Ireland.

8 feet.

Sept. Dec.

Perennial.

Rocky plac.

No. 361.

The word Arbutus w as, probably, formed by the
Latins from arbos, a tree. The Celtic ar boise, sig-
nifying austere bush, has been suggested as its ori-
gin, but it seems more probable that the Latins
would have built on their own language than that of
the Celts. The term unedo was retained by modern
botanists on account of its having been the Roman
name for the berries, which, it is said, are still a
marketable article, and eaten, in the East. It is a
contraction of unum edo; intimating that you will
eat but one. Pliny sarcastically says it is no wonder
that it has been called unedo, for one is sufficient to
be eaten at once.

This beautiful evergreen shrub has long been con-
sidered a native of Ireland, though with some doubt
whether it may not have been introduced by the
Monks of St. Fiunian. Now, however, it seems to
be perfectly naturalized, in a particular spot, where
its deep green verdure gives effect to the scene, and
the surrounding landscape adds interest to the Arbu-
tus; we mean the Lake of Killarney, where ‘ The
several islands, the white rocks of Mucruss, the
groves of Arbutus, the variable woods, the variety of

91

waterfalls, and the impending cliffs, are separately
as delightful and interesting, as their assemblage is
infinitely grand and magnificent.’

The just claims of the Arbutus to admiration, have
always appeared to us neglected. Its foliage is
beautiful, and never deserts us till a cheering vernal
sun has spread a new umbrageous mantle over the
whole plant. Its flowers are exquisitely delicate,
and come forth to take their part in the last scene of
the floral drama, to close the season of beauty; and
finally, to introduce their offspring to our notice, as
faithful attendants, till they themselves appearagain.
Yes, they leave us their beautiful fruit to deck their
evergreen home through all the circling year; till
fruit and flowers meet again, and the divine director
of all provides another generation to occupy the
annual stage.

When we recollect that the Arbutus bears its
bright foliage through all seasons; that its flowers
of one year, and fruit of the preceding, are present
at the same time, it may be asked what more could
Elysium offer? It may be said, after Homer,

“ The stern winter smiles on this auspicious clime,

The fields are florid with unfading prime.”

Though this shrub has a rocky situation in Ire-
land, it grows well in most places, but is far more
fruitful on a dry subsoil, and with due shelter from
the north. It may be increased by layers, or more
advantageously from seeds. These should be sown
in pots as soon as ripe, or kept in sand till April, and
then sown in pots, in a hotbed. The young plants
will require thorough protection from frost till they
are at the least two years old.

CENOTHE'RA VIMI'NEA.

TWIGGY (ENOTHERA.

Order.

MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

ONAGRARI*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

feet.

July, Sept.

Annual.

in 1826.

No. 362.

The derivation of the word CEnothera, has been
previously noticed. Viminea, from the Latin, signi-
fying that it is composed of twigs; which is particu-
larly the character of this species of CEnothera, its
shoots being long and slender, with very few branches.

This is a handsome free growing annual, which
was introduced to this country by the London Horti-
cultural Society, from North America, through the
mediumoftheir indefatigable collector, Mr. Douglas;
by whose exertions so many other desirable hardy
plants have been obtained. Every year adds greatly
to our catalogue, and if free access to the unexplored
immense wilds of America be continued to European
Botanists, this augmentation may proceed through
future ages and centuries. Of the extended know-
ledge of those times no adequate idea can be form-
ed by the present generation.

This annual succeeds very well if sown in the
borders, in April. We have sown it in pots, in
August, and protected the young plants, during the
w inter, by which means a few have been saved, which
have become very strong and woody, and flowered
early in the following season.

Bot. Reg. 1220.

Class.

OCTANDRIA.

-

'

TRADESCANTIA CONGES'TA.

CLOSE-FLOWERED STIDER-WORT.

Class. Order.

HEXANDRIA. MONOGYKIA.

Natural Order.

COMMELINE &.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

15 inches.

June, Aug.

Perennial.

in 1825.

No. 363.

The name, Tradescantia, is very properly applied
to this handsome genus of plants, in commemoration
of the two individuals, father and son, named John
Tradescant. Congesta, from the Latin, signifying
heaped together, in allusion to the flowers.

The elder of the Tradescants was, probably, the
first individual who collected any considerable quan-
tity of specimens in natural history, worthy of being
called a Museum. It was known by the title Tra-
descant’s Ark ; and was not only visited by royalty
and the principal nobility of his day, but also much
enriched by their liberality. The younger Trades-
cant bequeathed it to Mr. Elias Aslnnole, who sub-
sequently presented it to the University of Oxford.
Thus, Tradescants Ark was the foundation of the
Ashmolean Museum in that university.

The Tradescantia congesta is nearly allied to the
more common species, the Tradescantia Virginica,
both of which are desirable plants in the mingled
flower garden. Though their flowers are but the
gaiety of a day, still every day has its supply, and
the plant is, consequently, always showy. It may be
divided for increase, and needs no peculiar soil.

D. Don MSS.

WEDE'LIA AU'REA.

GOLDEN-FLOWERED WEDELIA.

Class. Order.

SYNGENESIA. POLY G A M I A N ECESSA K! A .

Natural Order.

COMPOSITE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Mexico.

2 feet.

July, Sept.

Perennial.

in 1828.

No. 364.

Wedelia is a name which was adopted in honour
of a German botanist of the name of Wedel. Aurea,
from the Latin, gold-coloured.

The Wedelia aurea was first introduced to the
Bury Hill collection, in this country; seeds of it hav-
ing been transmitted thence from Mexico, by Cer-
vantes. It is a tuberous-rooted herbaceous plant,
but unlike the Phlomis tuberosa, lately noticed,
its vitality and increase are rendered dependent on
its tubers. In its division, and propagation, these
form a primary part of its roots; whilst the fibrous
appendages of the Phlomis will maintain the plant
independently of its tubers.

It grows freely in a light soil, and warm situation,
and when increase is desired, its tubers may be
divided, which is most suitably performed in spring.
Or, cuttings of the young stems will strike root under
a hand-glass. In the open ground it rarely ripens
seeds freely; but if these be desired, it should be
flowered in the green-house, which will induce fruit-
fulness. It will always be advisable to protect a
plant of it in winter, lest those in full exposure should
be lost by very severe weather.

D. Don’s MSS.

-

S ir.i/tr tcntft

CENOTHE'RA RO'SEO-ALBA.

RED AND WHITE (ENOTHERA.

Class. Order.

OCTANDRIA. MONOGVNIA.

Natural Order.

ONAGRARI*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Nepal.

15 inches.

July, Sept.

Annual.

in 1827.

No. 365.

The word (Enothera is explained under No. 163.
Roseo-alba refers to the colour of the flower.

The great number of species contained in this
genus, nearly all of which are perfectly hardy; and
the peculiar beauty of the greatest portion of them,
will afford ample apology for the appearance of
another (Enothera so early. The variable combi-
nation of rose-colour and white, in this species, is
much admired. W e represent its most usual appear-
ance, but it is oftentimes produced with an addi-
tional stain of red upon each petal, in the manner
of (Enothera Lindleyana. True hybrids between
these two species have been produced, which have
been observed to be peculiarly attractive.

In cultivation it will be found rather more fasti-
dious than some others, as it seems neither to bear
continued drought or a wet season, without betray-
ing some symptoms of injury. It succeeds best
when sown in the open ground, in April; and in the
mixed borders, not more than one or two plants
should be left in each place. They may be set about
eighteen inches apart, when grown on separate beds;
where they will afford a very gay effect.

92 Sweet’s FI. Gar. 268.

LUPI'NUS MEXICA'NUS.

MEXICAN LUPINE.

Class. Order.

MONODELPHIA. DECANDR1A.

Natural Order.
leguminosa;.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Mexico.

2 feet.

July, Sept.

Perennial.

in 1819.

No. 366.

The derivation of Lupinus has been recently no-
ticed. This plant was published, several years ago,
in the Botanical Register, having been introduced
from Mexico to the Botanic Garden of Madrid,
whence seeds of it were sent to England. Its habit
being at first unknown it was soon lost, but in these
days of research, in every quarter of the globe, such
losses generally meet a speedy reparation. To the
personal exertions, and also the pecuniary liberality,
of men of science and fortune, these advantages are
principally owing. Many botanists, however, in fo-
reign countries are now wholly or partly employed,
by English nurserymen, to send new and rare plants
to England; therefore, every customer of the nurse-
ryman is an indirect subscriber to the great object
of exploring remote corners of the globe.

A Lupine which is often considered the Mexica-
nus, is the tomentosus. A prominent difference ex-
ists in their pubescence; the Lupinus Mexicanus is
clothed with long soft hairs, whilst those of the to-
mentosus are short and close, as its name implies.

Forward the young plants in a hotbed, or they
may flower too late to ripen their seed.

.

HYACIN THUS ORIENTA LS.

ORIENTAL HYACINTH.

Waterloo variety.

Class. Order.

IIEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

"> ASP HO DELETE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Levant.

9 inches.

Mar. Apr.

Perennial .

in 1759.

No. 367.

The name of this genus originated with the fabu-
lists of antiquity. It was pretended that Hyacinth
was the son of a Spartan King, and the favourite of
Apollo. Zephyrus, being envious of the attach-
ment of Apollo and Hyacinth, so turned the direc-
tion of a quoit which Apollo had pitched, whilst at
play, that it struck the head of Hyacinth, and slew
him. The fable concludes, by making Apollo
transform the body of his favourite into the flower
which bears his name. Orientalis, oriental, it be-
ing a native of the East.

The Oriental Hyacinth degenerates in the mixed
parterre, under common culture; therefore when
compared with the splendid flowers of such as have
been newly imported from the careful Dutch florists,
it fails to please its possessor. It is the pampered
nursling of Holland, consequently should not be
expected to display its greatest beauty under negli-
gent treatment in England.

The flower of the Hyacinth, produced in the
spring, is principally dependant for its strength on
the management of the preceding season; there-
fore, in the first year that Dutch bulbs blossom in

England, the beauty and superior size of their flow-
ers are but in a small degree attributable to our care.
It is the perfect preservation, or rather reproduc-
tion, of these bulbs, year after year, which exhibits
the attention and skill of the florist.

To effect this efficiently, for it is not true that the
Hyacinth cannot be successfully continued and in-
creased in England, it should be planted late in Oc-
tober, in beds properly prepared to meet its wants.
These may be shaped agreeably to the fancy of the
florist. One spade’s depth should be thrown out of
the bed; in the bottom a good portion of manure
should be dug in, and blended with the soil. From
four to six inches depth of rich compost should then
be put in. This may be made of two parts fresh
loam, two parts sand; one part well decayed cow or
stable manure, and one part leaf mould. These will
form an excellent compost, but the precise quantities
of the materials have no peculiar charm. On this a
thin layer, about half an inch thick, of sand and leaf
mould mixed, should be spread : the bulbs should
then be placed thereon at from nine to twelve inches
apart, and be carefully covered over, about an inch
above their tops, with a light sandy earth. Then
spread over the whole a layer, two or three inches
thick, of rotten tan, or part of an old hotbed w hich
has been spread to dry and well broken. This will
prevent rapid evaporation or hardening of the sur-
face soil. The bedshould be protected againstsevere
frost, particularly when the leaves appear; at other
times give it free exposure till the flow ers are in dan-
ger of injury ; w hen an awning should be provided to
preserve them from injury by unpropitious weather.

Hort. Kew.2, v. 2, 282.

NARCIS'SUS BI'COLOR.

TWO-COLOURED NARCISSUS.

Class. Order.

HEXANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

AMARYLLIDE*.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

Spain.

15 inches.

May.

Perennial.

in 1629.

No. 368.

The Greek word, narke, signifying stupor, is
the base on which the name of our present genus
was built. The narcotic perfume of the flowers oc-
casioned its application. The term bicolor, two-
coloured, is at once seen as applicable to this spe-
cies. This is Mr. Haworth’s Ajax bicolor.

Mr. Haworth, the nicely-discriminating author cf
Synopsis Plantarum Succulentarum, has published
a Monograph of Narcissinese. He has divided this
cumbrous group of plants into several genera, and
very advantageously systemized the whole. Though
we retain the old nomenclature, we shall always
mention Mr. Haworth’s, that future readers of the
Botanic Garden may not be inconvenienced when
his new arrangement becomes duly appreciated and
generally adopted.

The fine yellow tubular crown and white perian-
thium which are united in this flower, produce a
handsome and bold effect. It is the Narcissus tubi-
florus of Salisbury.

This, like other bulbous plants, should not be dis-
turbed whilst in a state of growth. When the leaves
are decayed the bulbs may be removed.

Salisbury’s Prodromus.

Galinsosfea triloba la .

Melittis me! 1 s s opkyiluni .

Draeoccphalum Moldavicmu

Lathyrns odoratns.

9i

S TT.tra f-n//'

LATHYRUS ODORA'TUS.

SWEET PEA.

Order.

DBCANDRIA.

Natural Order.

LEGCMINOSAS.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Sicily.

6 feet.

June, Aug.

Annual.

in 1700.

No. 369.

The word Lathyrus is of very ancient origin, and
used by the Greeks, as indicative of an exciting or
stimulating quality. Odoratus, from the Latin,sweet.

We have much pleasure in introducing to our
friends so pretty a group of their favourite acquaint-
ances,— varieties of the ever-admired Sweet Pea.
This is one amongst other annual beauties, which
never tires by its presence. It is not only always
welcome, but always sought for; and its attractions
can be seldom satisfactorily dispensed with. There
may be persons whose friendship is ephemeral, and
their admiration a breath ; but very few indeed who
do not continue their love of whatever deserves it,
though they ardently seek to extend their pleasures
by increasing their knowledge of new objects.

The purple variety is believed to be native of Si-
cily; the pink and white, or painted Lady, of Cey-
lon. The combination of their colours is variable,
and some are called striped, but they have more the
appearance of shadings in chalk, which rather di-
minishes than increases their beauty. Their forma-
tion, as well as that of other papilionaceous flowers,
should not be neglected. The family is called papi-

93

Class.

DIADBLPHIA.

lionaceous from papilio, tlie systematic name of the
butterfly, which their blossoms somewhat resemble.

Those who have not examined this flower should
do so. The parts of fructification, which require pro-
tection, are securely enclosed in the central or lower
petal, called the keel, from its resemblance to the
keel of a boat. Over this is placed a little roof, as
a shelter from rain, composed of two other petals,
placed in a sloping direction, which are called the
wings. Human wisdom would have stopped here, as
having effected sufficient for the purpose; for man’s
best intentions seldom carry his exertions beyond
the point he believes to be requisite; and even in
that degree of perfection he is usually deficient.
But not so the wisdom and unbounded beneficence
of the Divine Being. His care exceeds our concep-
tions. Even in the flower before us the very wind
is debarred from ruffling its beauty, or disturbing
its operations. Over the wings, as previously no-
ticed, is erected a single broad petal, called the
standard, or banner. The whole flower is raised by
a long peduncle or flower-stalk, to which it is at-
tached by a short, soft, and flexible, pedicle or
secondary flower-stalk. Thus elevated, the Sweet
Pea blossom becomes a vane. The rude blast that
would injure it, blowing on its standard, turns it
from the wind, and preserves it from harm.

We nowr, concisely, state our culture and produce.
Seeds were sown in October last, in a rich light soil,
and warm situation. In June the plants were nine
feet high, clothed in a mingled blaze of blossom.
The produce, within a space of little more than five
square yards, is 7825 Pods.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 4, 307.

GALINSO'GEA TRILOBA'TA.

THREE-LOBED GAUNSOGEA.

Class. Order.

SYNGENESIA. POI.YGAMIA SUPERFI.UA.

Natural Order.

COM POSIT JE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Peru.

2 feet.

Aug. Sept.

Annual.

in 1797.

No. 370.

The generic name, Galinsogea, was adopted in
honour of M. M. Galinsoga, Physician to the Queen
of Spain, and a botanist of Madrid, to whom the
superintendance of the Botanical Garden there w as
confided. Trilobata will either apply to its three-
lobed petals, or lower leaves.

This annual, as shown by our date, registered
above, is not of very recent introduction. It has
been, however, but very little known, principally, it
may be imagined, from the powerful opponent it
would find in the French Marigold. The Galinsogea
trilobota, and French Marigold, have great simili-
tude of character, and it must, in honesty, be con-
fessed, that our present subject will stand but second
best in comparison with its rival. Those of our
readers who have space, will, nevertheless, be grati-
fied in possessing it, as it requires but little care, and
continues long in flower.

The culture of the Galinsogea trilobata, is the
same as that adopted for the usual sorts of hardy
annuals; it being only necessary to sow it in the
open borders, in the beginning of April. One or
two plants are sufficient for each place.

Hort. Kew.2, v. 5, 122.

DRACOCEPH'ALUM MOLDA'VICUM.

MOLDAVIAN DRAGON’S HEAD.

Class. Order.

DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA.

Natural Order.

LABIATE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

Moldavia.

1| feet.

July, Aug.

Annual.

in 1596.

No. 371.

The word Dracocephalum, is deduced from the
Greek dracon, a dragon; and cephale, a head;
and alludes to the fancied appearance of the flower.
The fabled accounts of Dragons we have noticed
under No. 57; to which we may add, that the word
dracon seems to have been adapted to these tales,
having been derived from derco, a term which, with
its derivatives, is expressive of the fire-flashing eyes
of the imaginary monster, to which it has given a
name. Moldavicum, from Moldavia, the country of
which it is indigenous. It is a Turkish province,
adjoining Poland.

This is a pretty annual, and deserves to be better
known; as well too, for its perfume, as its neat spikes
of flowers. The whole herb yields a lemon-like
scent, somewhat approaching the delightful perfume
of the Aloysia citriodora, more commonly known as
the lemon-scented Verbena. The Dracocephalum
Moldavicum has a white variety, the seed of which
is often mixed with the blue.

We have usually raised it in the hotbed, in April,
and transplanted it into the mingled flower beds;
not more than three plants in a place.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 3, 420.

I’enlstrmott spcciosum .

Tetra g’on olobn 8 purparcna .

Granola anroa .

9*

PENTSTE'310N SPECIO'SUM.

SHOWY PENTSTEMON.

Class. Order.

DIDYNAMIA. ANGIOSPERM I A .

Natural Order.

SCROPHULAR1N/E.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

3 feet.

July, Sept.

Perennial.

in 1827.

No. 373.

The derivation of the word Pentstemon is given
under No. 316. Speciosum, from the Latin, signi-
fying specious or showy. The use of incorrectly
formed adjectives to the word Pentstemon, though
generally adopted, should not be continued.

One of the principal gratifications arising out of
the study and practical cultivation of any depart-
ment of natural history, is the unexpected accession
of new and beautiful objects. In this age of bota-
nical enterprise, these pleasures occur day after day ;
and when the pleasure of possession cannot be had,
that of anticipation, — that eternally springing hope
of the soul,yieldsmuchof thesamebalmto the mind;
w hilst stimulating to action, it invigorates the animal
powers, and increases the capability of enjoyment.

The Pentstemon ovatum, from the novelty of its
colour, as compared with all that preceded it, was
welcomed with peculiar pleasure. It is, however,
greatly surpassed by our present subject, the Pent-
stemonspeciosum,whoseattractive paniclesof splen-
did blue flowers, far exceed in beauty the blossoms
of the Pentstemon ovatum, which is the only species,
at present introduced, that much resembles it.

94

It is, as we have just observed, this continual sur-
passing of the surpassing, that produces so regular a
flow of gratifications ; and who will say, where plea-
sures are built on sources so pure, so closely con-
nected with original innocence, and so little mingled
with the pollutions of the world, that they are not the
parents of some true happiness.

“ Yes, — you, delightful handy-works of Him

Who arch’d the heavens, and spaun'd this solid earth,
Before whose glory day’s proud light is dim,

And art’s achievements, if not food for mirth,

Display at best its barrenness and dearth, —

You, too, instruct us, with “ line on line,

Precept on precept,” show us by your birth,

Your bud, your blossoming, and your decline,

Time’s never-ceasing flight, and tell us truths divine.”

Bernard Barton.

The Pentstemon speciosum does not admit of
separation at the root, to promote its increase, with
that facility as may be practised with some others of
the Pentstemons. Its free habit of flowering is un-
favourable to an increase of offsets; therefore, sacri-
fice must be made of the one or the other. If it be
desired that immediate increase of the plant be ob-
tained, the flowering stems should be cut off nearly
at the bottom, when they are two or three inches
high. The top of the soil, round the plant, should
then be loosened, and a little fresh light compost
added, to encourage the young side shoots to strike
root; and occasional waterings should afterwards be
given. It may be raised from seeds, sown in the
spring, but the plants will not generally flower till
the following summer.

Bot. Reg. 1270.

GRATI'OLA AU'REA.

GOLDEN HEDGE HYSSOP.

Class. Order.

DIANDRIA. MONOGYN1A.

Natural Order.

SCROPHULARINA5.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

4 inches.

June.

Perennial.

in 1820.

No. 374.

The name of this genus not occurring in the
ancient Greek or Latin writers, it is believed to
have originated with the herbalists of the fifteenth
or sixteenth century. The name itself, signifying
grace or favour, supports the supposition, as it indi-
cates medicinal virtues, which were then principally
studied. Indeed, some of the old simplers used the
appellation Gratia Dei, signifying Grace of God,
for their Gratiola, which is the Gratiola officinalis
of modern authors. Aurea, from the Latin, signify-
ing golden or yellow.

As our little Gratiola aurea is a native of Ameri-
ca, and of late introduction, it is most probable that
its medicinal virtues were never submitted to the
test of a Galen or a Culpepper; therefore, although
its generic connexion be of so high a medical cha-
racter, it has reaped no laurels for itself in that de-
partment of science.

It is a neat but small plant, and is better fitted for
pot culture, or the embellishment of the lapidium,
than for growth in the mingled flower border. It
may be divided for increase, and should be planted
in a mixture of peat and loam, in a cool situation.

Bot. Cab. 1399.

TETRAGONOL'OBUS PURPU'REUS.

DEEP RED TETRAGONOLOBUS.

Class. Order.

DIAIJELPHIA . DECANDRIA.

Natural Order.

LEGOMINOSJE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

S. Europe.

1 foot.

July, Aug.

Annual.

in 1596.

No. 375.

The word,Tetragonolobus, has been compounded
from the Greek, to designate the peculiar four-
angled character of the seed pod. Thus, tetra,
four; gonia, angle; lobos, pod. Purpurea, in
the Latin, is not quite synonymous with purple; but
signifies dark red, or purple.

This richly-coloured annual was long known as
the Lotus tetragonolobus of our gardens, but it has
been divided from the genus Lotus by modern bota-
nists, merely on account of its pods being square,
whilst those plants possessing the same characters,
but with round pods, are retained as the true Lotus.

It has been noticed in the works of most of the
old English and continental botanists, who have
given it descriptive names, just as fancy dictated ;
though, in most instances, they had regard to the
four-square formation of the pod; or, as Johnson in
his Gerard says, the four thin welts, or skins, which
make them seem four-square.

It should be sown in the spring with other hardy
annuals. In small circles, from a foot to eighteen
inches diameter, and supported with a few short
sticks, it is seen to greatest advantage.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 4, 392.

.

ERI CA MULTIFLO'RA.

MANY-FLOWERED HEATH.

Order.

MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.
ericea:.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

France.

18 inches.

June, Oct.

Perennial.

in 1731.

No. 376.

The word Erica is derived from the Greek
ereico, to break. It has been applied to this genus
either from the fragility of the branches of some
species of it ; or from its medicinal properties, which
were supposed to be efficacious in reducing or break-
ing the calculus. Multiflora, from the Latin mul-
tus, many ; and flos, a flower.

The Erica multiflora is a native of the milder
parts of Europe; and on its introduction to this
country, was kept as a greenhouse species. It bears
our climate very well ; though in some situations,
where no peat has been mixed with the soil in which
it is planted, it will assume a sickly appearance, and
if not removed will, ultimately, be lost.

The hardy Heaths are generally natives of ex-
posed situations, on hills, where the temperature is
low, in comparison with the vallies. When planted
in the warmth of the low-lands, the same exposure
is disadvantageous. They succeed best in cool
places, with partial shelter from the sun. Their
trailing branches should be laid in light vegetable
mould, in which they will strike root, and subse-
quently admit of separation.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 2, 367.

Class.

OCTANDRIA.

9-

,

SaiijJuinpnm-.

Potentilln pcdatn .

Cii*c*H*i» alpina •

f />- Smilh.de! ■

95

RI'BES SANGUI'NEUM.

CRIMSON-FLOWERED CURRANT.

Class. Order.

PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

GROSSULACEjE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

N. America.

8 feet.

May.

Perennial.

in 1826.

No. 377.

Ribas, whence has been derived our Ribes, is a
word of Arabian origin, which was used by the East-
ern Physicians as the name of a medicinal plant. Its
origin has occasioned its adjective being formed in
the neuter. Sanguineum, from the Latin sanguis,
blood; from the colour of its flowers.

The great beauty, and the hardy character, of
several species of Currant, which have lately been
introduced to this country from America, render
them indispensable ornaments of every garden and
shrubbery. The Ribes aureum, we figured under No.
1 89. The Ribes san guineum, now given, is, in respect
to its flowers, a distinct and beautiful species; and a
third, the Ribes speciosum, whose flowers somewhat
resemble those of the Fuschia, whence it has been
called the Fuschia-flowered Currant, we intend lay-
ing before our readers at no very distant period.

Having, as we all have had, from childhood, so
intimate an intercourse with the red, the white, and
black currants, appendages to every cottage, and
natives of our own country ; and seeing these stran-
gers to be so very similar in their general habit and
appearance, fancy would almost persuade us they

95

are mere slippings of our old acquaintances, who
have returned from a transatlantic residence, to ex-
hibit their smart trappings of American fabric; just
as the gay daughter of the husbandman returns to
the plain but comfortable domicil of her childhood,
after a seven years' residence amid the gaieties of
the metropolis.

In an account of various species of Ribes, indige-
nous to America, sent to the London Horticultural
Society, by David Douglas, it is observed that few
shrubsare more ornamental than Ribes sanguineum ;
but its fruit, in a natural state, is of so very musky
and unpleasant a flavour, that even the birds do not
eat it. It forms an erect branching bush, six feet
in height, with red smooth branches ; leaves very like
those of the black currant, but rather smaller, and
showy pink or crimson flowers, succeeded by black
berries. Its native habitat is in rocky situations, or
on the shingly shores of streams, in partially shaded
places, never extending beyond the influence of the
sea-breeze, and from 38° to 40°, and as high as 52°
N. lat. on the coast of North-west America. It was
discovered by Archibald Menzies, Esq., so long ago,
as 1787, during his first voyage round the world; but
only introduced, by Mr. Douglas, to the Horticultu-
ral Society, in 1826; and the plants, raised from
seed, blossomed for the first time in April, 1828.

In June last we took cuttings of the young spring
shoots of Ribes sanguineum, and planted themunder
glass, on a north border; they struck root readily,
and are fine growing plants; whilst the cuttings,
taken in February, of last year’s wood, are weakly,
and without young growth.

Bot. Reg. 1349.

CIRCE'A ALPI'NA.

ALPINE ENCHANTER’S NIGHTSHADE.

Class. Order.

DIANDRIA. MONOOYNIA.

Natural Order.

CIRCJEACE^.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Inhabits

Britain.

5 inches.

June, Aug.

Perennial.

Mountains.

No. 378.

The name of this plant was adopted after that of
the enchantress Circe ; a mythological personage,
whom Homer, in his Odyssey, has made to play
malicious pranks with the men of Ulysses. She is
there represented dispensing her favours to them, —

“ Milk newly press’d, the sacred flour of wheat,

And honey fresh, and Pramnian wines the treat.”

But her luxuries are envenomed, and she afterwards
changes her guests into swine. Our readers will
deduce their own moral.

This is one of the minor beauties of the mountains,
but is worthy of attentive examination. Properly
disposed of, on borders or mounts, chiefly covered
with stones, of almost any description, these small
subjects excite a pleasing interest. This is always
lost where they are planted indiscriminately with
large subjects, which prevent the attention resting
on their diminutive forms.

The Circsea alpina increases fast by its roots,
which may be divided at almost any season. If the
soil be rich and light, in which they are to be planted,
they should be potted, and the pot sunk, to prevent
their spreading inconveniently.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 1, 26.

'

POTENTIL'LA PEDA'TA.

FOOT-LEAVED CINQUEFOIL.

Class. Order.

ICOSANDRIA. POLYGYNIA.

Natural Order.

ROSACE IE.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introd uced

Europe.

18 inches.

June, Sept.

Perennial .

in 1819.

No. 379.

Potentilla, signifying little power, alludes to its
medicinal properties. Pedata, is given to this spe-
cies,on account of the bird’s-foot shape of its foliage.

The brilliant colour of the Howers of Potentilla
pedata, and the length of time which they continue
to be produced in succession, are qualities which re-
commend it for cultivation. It is not sufficiently
strong in the stem to support itself erectly; conse-
quently, it is very desirable that it be properly tied
up before it exceeds six inches in height. We have
oftentimes observed that plants, which need support,
are neglected till their appearance will no longer
admit it. This error should, as far as is possible, be
corrected ; for having been once suffered to straggle
over the bed, they very rarely can be rendered neat
and sightly ; whilst early training, as well in the
vegetable as in the animal kingdom, produces cor-
rect habits, which will be advantageous to the pos-
sessor, and pleasing to others.

This species should be propagated by seed. Seed-
lings flower in the second year, better than portions
of old plants. In a peat border, it died with us in two
years; but in loam it continues quite healthy.

-

■

PYRETHRUM RO'SEUM.

ROSY FEVERFEW.

Class. Order.

SYNG ENESI A . SUPERFLUA.

Natural Order.
com posit s..

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Caucasus.

1 foot.

July.

Perennial.

in 1826.

No. 380.

The term, Pyrethrum, is of Greek origin, and was
founded on the word pyr, fire. It is supposed to
have been first used indicatively of the pungency of
the plant to which it was applied, a species, proba-
bly, of anthemis.

The Pyrethrum roseum is completely hardy, and
when it has continued in one situation two or three
years, so as to become well established, it forms a
desirable variety in the herbaceous collection. It
should not, however, be dissembled that, on account
of its petals, in reference to its disk, being sometimes
disproportionately short, it is less attractive than
most of our old favourites: but this habit is not per-
manent, where the plant attains great luxuriance.
It belongs to a natural order of considerable splen-
dour,and reminds us of many gay plants, of the same
class, which induces a disadvantageous comparison.

In culture it requires no great care, either as re-
spects soil, situation, or aspect; though a moist situa-
tion appears to be less congenial to its nature than
a dry one. If increase be required, it may be di-
vided in spring; otherwise it is better to let it con-
tinue undisturbed.

Bot. Reg. 1026.

.< rr.«T, ,.r.!r

SISYRIN'CHIUM BERMUDIA'NUM.

BERMUDA SISYRINCHIUM.

Class. Order.

TRIANDRIA. MONOGYNIA.

Natural Order.

IRIDEA?.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Bermudas.

1 foot.

June, July.

Perennial.

in 1732.

No. 381.

Sisyrincliium is a compound Greek word, formed
of sys, a pig; and rhygchos, a snout; but the
original plant known by this name, and also its ap-
plication, are now subjects of conjecture only. It
is mentioned by Pliny, after Theophrastus, as a bulb,
producing, in winter, a downward growing pro-
tuberance, which in spring was again imbibed by
the bulb above it. The rocky islands, of which our
present plant is native, yield it a specific application.

This unobtrusive and pretty plant is not very com-
mon, but deserves to be better known. Its flowers,
like those of Sisyrincliium anceps, which is a smaller
species, decline rather quickly under exposure to
the sun, therefore the plant is most advantageously
grown in an aspect where it is shaded after nine or
ten o’clock in the morning. It will then become
showy. From its height and neatness it should oc-
cupy a place near the front of the parterre.

It delights in a soil composed of loam and peat.
This particular mixture is, nevertheless, not indis-
pensable. It may be raised from seeds, or divided at
theroot. If produced fromseeds,theyshould besown
as soon as ripe, and have a little shelter from frost.

96 Hort. Kew. 2, v. 4, 135.

BRI'ZA MAX IMA.

LARGE QUAKING-GRASS.

Class. Order.

TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA.

Natural Order.

GRAMINE £..

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Cultivated

S. Europe.

18 inches.

June, Aug.

Annual.

in 1633.

No. 382.

This generic name is from the Greek brizo, to
nod. Maxima, from the Latin, signifying greatest.

The chief gratification which is offered by the
Briza maxima, is not by display in the garden. It is
not, however, unacceptable. It tenders its services
through the dreariness of winter, to yield us conso-
lation when its showy companions have sunk into ob-
livion. It should be gathered as soon as full-grown,
and set up loosely in a flower stand to dry. It will
then retain its elegance and its action, and form a
highly desirable accompaniment to the gnaphalium,
xeranthemum, elichrysum, and other dry flowers, in
constituting an everlasting or winter nosegay.

Ingenious ladies who love to surpass their friends,
in beautiful floral productions, may excite surprise by
exhibiting extraordinary quaking-grass. Let them
take several spikelets of it, and draw out one-third
of their length, from their small ends; the remainder
of each may be readily united to form gigantic spe-
cimens; and the trick may bid defiance to detection.

The seed of this annual should be sown as soon as
ripe, in a rich warm border. Spring-sown plants
will be less luxuriant.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 1, 159.

BER'BERIS VULGA RIS.

COMMON BARBERRY.

Order.

MONOG YNIA.

Natural Order.

BF.RBERIDE.®.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Inhabits

England.

9 feet.

April, May.

Perennial.

Bush. places.

No. 383.

The name of this deciduous shrub is of Arabic
origin, and signifies wild. Vulgaris, from the Latin,
common.

The Barberry forms a spiny bush or tree, that is
most attractive when decorated with its beautiful
coral-like fruit, which is well-known in confections
and condiments.

As a wild shrub, in fences, it would doubtless, be
far more abundant, but for the injurious influence it
has on crops of grain, particularly on wheat, growing
near it. This fact was long combated as chimerical
and delusive, but the observations of honest witnesses
ultimately established it beyond doubt. A blight
was known to spread from the Barberry bush, as
though the pure breeze that swept its leaves became
contaminated, and wafted destruction before it.

It was left for the science of botany to explain the
cause. The leaves of the Barberry are now know n
to be infested bya minute fungus, which is analogous
to one found on wheat, that forms a species of the
disease called red-gum. This fungus being dis-
persed from the shrub, is propagated amongst the
corn, and unproductiveness is the consequence.

Class.

HEX ANDRIA.

A speculation of more interest, to many of our
enquiring readers, will be found in the singular ir-
ritability of the stamens of the Barberry. The
stamens of Parnassia palustris, we have shown to
possess a voluntary action. Those of Lopezia coro-
nata, a mechanical one. But the stamens of the
Barberry have a direct irritability, which is excitable
almost at pleasure. The six stamens, which sur-
round the pistil, in the centre of the flower, will be
observed to lie back underneath the curved summit
of the petals, as under a canopy. If, with a pin or
other sharp instrument, one of these be touched at its
base, near the pistil, it will instantly spring forward,
with a quick motion, to the pistil. The same may
be effected on each of the stamens separately. In a
short time they will resume their wonted repose,
when the experiment may be repeated.

If there be any who are insensible to the continual
evidence of omniscient care, which meets us wherever
we turn, instances like this must surely amaze their
apathy. Here the anthers claim protection of the
petals ; but in such situation their farina could not,
with certainly, meet the stigma, or summit of the
pistil ; therefore, the stamens are made capable of
motion. Depositories of nectar are placed at their
base, inviting insects to sip its sweets, by doing
which they fulfil the design of providence. They
irritate the filaments, which carry forward the an-
thers with a jerk, their farina is scattered, the flow-
er fertilized, the seed becomes perfected, and the
means of propagation secured.

We hope to resume these enquiries under a newly-
introduced, sweet fruited, species of Barberry.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 2, 313.

BOUVARDIA TRIPHYL'LA.

THREE-LEAVED BOUVARDIA.

Class. Order.

TETRANDIA. MONOGYN1A.

Natural Order.

RUBIACE M.

Native of

Height.

Flowers in

Duration.

Introduced

Mexico.

15 inches.

May, Sept.

Perennial.

in 1794.

No. 384.

This genus was named in honour of Dr. Bouvard,
superintendent of the royal garden of Paris. The
propriety of the term triphylla, three-leaved, will be
rendered evident by an inspection of the figure of the
plant. It has also been called Houstonia coccinea.

The Bouvardia triphylla, from the brilliancy of its
colours, and general gaiety of aspect, becomes a most
desirable plant for the borders. Its flowers are often
erect, as shown in our representation, but more
usually they assume a partially pendant position.
This varies with the progress of their flowering.

This plant will not bear the full inclemency of our
winters. In September it should be taken up from
the borders, with a portion of undisturbed soil about
its roots, and potted. After having been well wa-
tered, it may be placed in the shade, or if in flower,
it will constitute an ornament for the hall or other
situation requiring it. During winter it may be kept
in the cold frame or other place of protection. In
April the roots should be repotted, forwarded in a
hotbed of moderate temperature, and then again
planted in the 1 orders. Cuttings of the roots will
grow, by being planted in a fresh hotbed.

Hort. Kew. 2, v. 1, 245.

'

p

INDEX TO VOL. IV.

Systematic Name. English Name. No.

AEthionema raembranaccum, Memb. -podded AEthionema, 334

Anagallis Webbiana, Webb’s Pimpernel, 343

Anemone nemorosa, flore plen Double Wood Anemone,.. ..318

Aquilegia Canadensis, ....Canadian Columbine, 322

Arbutus unedo, Common Strawberry Tree, ..361

Azalea calendulacea, IVIarygold-like Azalea, ....313

Berberis vulgaris, Common Berberry, 383

Betonica incana, Hoary Betonv, 312

Born aid ia tripbylla, ...... Tbree-leaved Bouvardia, ... .384

Briza maxima, Larg'e Quaking-grass, 382

Calampelis scabra, Rough-podded Calampelis, 280

Calceolai ia planlaginea, .... Plantain -leaved Slipper wort , 328

Calceolaria araclmoidea, .. . .Cobweb Slipper-wort, 357

Campanula pyramidalis, ....Pyramidal Bell-flower, ....315
Chrysanthemum Sinense, . . . .Chinese Chrysanthemum, . . . .353

Chrysocoma linosyris, Flax-leaved Goldylocks, .. . .358

Circrea alpina, Alpine Nightshade, 378

Claytonia Sibiricn, Siberian Claytonia, 344

Coreopsis tripteris, Three leaved Coreopsis, ....352

Cortusa Mathioli, Mathiolus’s Sanicle, 296

Dahlia superflna,

.Dahlia, Painted Lady, ..

. . 329

Dahlia superflua,

. Dahlia, Crimson Globe, . .

. .306

Dahlia superflua,

. Dahlia, Blood-red,

..297

Diantlius caryophyllus, . . .

• Carnation,

..301

. .34fr

Dictamnus fraxinella, ,

. Red Fraxinella,

..307

Digitalis minor,

. Dwarf Fox-glove,

Dracocephalum Moldavicum,

, Moldavian Dragon’s Head,

..371

Erica multiflora,

. Many-flowered Heath, ....

Erpetion reniformis,

. Spuriess Violet,

Erythraea aggregata,

■ Aggregate Erythraea,

. .341

Eschscholtzia Californica, .

.Californian Eschscholtzia,

..298

Galinsogea trilobata,

. Thiee lobed Galinsogea,..,

..370

Glaucium pbceniceum,

.Red-flowered Horn-Poppy,

. . 349

Gratiola aurea,

.Golden Hedge-Hyssop,

. .374

Hedysarum roseum

.Rose-coloured Hedysarum,

..346

Hepatica trilobata,

. Tbree-lobed Hepatica, ..

. . 323

Horminum Pvrenaicum, ...

. Pyrenean Horminum, ....

Hyacinthus orientalis,

Oriental Hyacinth,

Hypoxis ereeta,

. Upright Hypoxis,

Iris pallida,

. Pale Iris,

..327

Lathyrus odoratus,

.Sweet Pea,

Leucocarpus alatus,

Wing-stalked Leucocarpus,,

. .355

Liliuin Chalcedonicum, ...

• Scarlet Martagon,

Lilium martagon,

.Purple Martagon,

Linaria alpina,

Alpine Toad-Flax,

Systematic Name. English Name. No.

Linaria cymbalaria, Ivy-leaved Toad flax, 300

Lobelia bicolor, Two-coloured Lobelia, 351

Lotus Jacobeeus, St. James’s Island Trefoil, . .326

Lupinus mutabilis, ..Changeable Lupine, 338

Lupinus Mexicanus, Mexican Lupine, .366

Lupinus perennis, Perennial Lupine, 310

Lupinus polyphyllus, Many-leaved Lupine, 291

Macleaya cordata, Heart-leaved Macleaya, ....354

Malva Mauritians, Mauritanian Mallow, 347

Maurandia Barclayiana, .... Barclay’s Maurandia, 337

Melittis melissophyllum, . . . . Millissa-lvd. Bastard-Balm, 356
Melittis melissopbyllum, . . . . Large-flowd. Bastard-Balm, 372
Mimulus luteus, rivularis, ..Spotted Yel. Monkey-flower, 308

Narcissus bicolor, Two-coloured Narcissus,.. ..368

CE nothera serrulata, Saw-Id. Evening Primrose, 330

CEnothera speciosa, Showy CEnothera, 339

(Enothera viminea, Twiggy CEnothera, 362

CEnothera roseo alba, Red and White CEnothera, . .365

Paeonia edulis, Whitleji, .... Eatable Paeony, 311

Pentstemon ovata, Oval-leaved Pentstemon, ..331

Pentstemon pulchellus, .. . .Pretty Pentstemon, 335

Pentstemon roseus, Rose-coloured Pentstemon, . .316

Pentstemon speciosum, ....Showy Pentstemon, 373

Phalangium liliago, Grass leaved Phalangium, ..290

Phlox crassifolia, Thick-leaved Phlox, 319

Phlox pilosa, Hairy-leaved Phlox, 309

Phlox paniculata, White-panicled Phlox, ....350

Plilomis tuberosa, Tuberous Phlomis, 360

Potentilla Russelliana, ....Russell’s Hybrid Cinquefoil, 304

Potentilla pedata, Foot-leaved Cinquefoil, ....379

Primula auricula, Auricula, 345

Pyrethrum inodorum, Scentless Feverfew, 359

Py rethrum roseum, Rosy Feverfew, 380

Ranunculus amplexicaulis, . .Stem-clasping Ranunculus, 321
Ranunculus platanifolius, ..Plane-tree-leaved Crowfoot, 295
Rhododendron ferrugineum, Rusty-leaved Rhododendron, 325

Ribes sanguineum, Crimson-flowered Currant, ..377

Rudbeckia columnaris, .... Columnar Rudbeckia, 336

Rudbeckia hirta, Hairy Rudbeckia, 314

Salpiglossis straminea, .... Straw-coloured Salpiglossis, 333

Sedum Aizoon, Yellow Stone-crop, 348

Silene maritima, Sea Catchfly 324

Sisyrinehium Bermudianum, Bermuda Sisyrinchium, ....381

Soldanella alpina, Alpine Soldanella, 317

Tetragonolohus purpureus, . . Deep-red Tetragonolobus, ..375

Tradescantia congesta, Close-flowered Spider-wort, 363

Verbena chainaedrifolia, .... Germander-leaved Vervain, 293

Veronica pinnata, Wing-leaved Speed-well, ..294

Wedelia aurea, Golden-flowered Wedelia, ..364