£-x L'ibr'is

THE Lu ESTHER T. MERTZ LIBRARY
NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

2nd Ser. BOTANY.J

[VOL. II. PART 13.

THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OE LONDON.

THE BOTANY OF THE RORAIMA EXPEDITION OF 1884.

By E. R 1M THURN.

(Communicated by Sir J. D. Hookek, K.C.S.I.)

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON-HOUSE, PICCADILLY, W.,
AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO., PATERNOSTER-ROW.

Jtily 1887.

i hE LubS rHER T. MERTZ LIBRARY
HE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN

[ 249 ]

XV. The Botany of the Roraima Expedition of 1884 : being Notes on the Plants
observed, by Everard E. im Thtjrn ; with a list of the Species collected, and
Determinations of those that are new, by Prof. Oliver, F.R.S., F.L.S., and
others. (Communicated by Six- J. D. Hooker, K.C.S.I., F.R.S., F.L.S., &c.)

(Plates XXXVII.-LVI.)

[Eead 15th April, 1886.]

I. Notes on the Plants observed during the Roraima Expedition of 1884.

By Everard E. im Thurn.

AS was expected, the plants collected on the way to Roraima, and especially about that
mountain itself, during the recent expedition and first ascent to its summit, have proved
of great interest, now that they have been examined and catalogued at Kew. Several
specialists have most kindly lent their aid in examining and determining these plants.
While Professor Oliver undertook the bulk of the collection, Mr. J. G. Baker, besides
determining a few of the Petaloid Monocotyledons, has, with Mr. G. S. Jenman of
British Guiana, worked out the Eerns, Mr. H. N. Pidley, of the British Museum, the
Orchids and Cyperacea?, and Mons. E. Marchal the Araliacea3, Dr. Engler has described
a new Moronobea, Mr. E. Brown a new Aroid, and Mr. Mitten has named the Muscales ;
lastly, Dr. Maxwell Masters has supplied a note on two Passiflorse, perhaps new, but
imperfectly represented. In all, fifty-three new species and three new genera have been
described by these various workers.

The number of species collected would probably have been greater but for the extreme
difficulty of drying plants in so excessively damp a climate as that of Roraima, and also
for the fact that the other very serious labours inseparable from tbe direction of such an
expedition greatly curtailed the time I was able to devote to the preparation of botanical
specimens. As regards the number of new generic and specific forms collected, great
as it is, it woidd undoubtedly have been much greater but for the fact (unfortunate
in this respect) that my collection was made at exactly the same period of the year
[November and December] at which such collecting as had been done before about
Roraima had been accomplished by Sir Robert and Dr. Schomburgk and by Karl
Appun*.

* The list of visitors to Eoraima, other than natives, is as follows :— Sir Robert Schomuurgk, then at the head of
a boundary commission, was there in 1838, and again, with his brother, Dr. Richard Schomburgk, the present
director of the Adelaide Botanical Gardens, in 184ii. Both made considerable botanical collections, which were distri-
buted, I believe, mainly between the Herbaria at Kew, the British Museum, and at Berlin. Karl Arrr/N was at
Roraima in 1864 ; his collections are chiefly at Kew. C. B. Brown, then the geological surveyor of British Guiana,
■was there in 1869 ; two Englishmen, Flint and Eddington, were there in 1877 : and two others, M'Turk and

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. II. 2 Q

250 MR. E. F. 1M THURN ON THE PLANTS

Probably no district of equally small size, after sucb brief and cursory exploration, bas
yielded greater, or as great, botanical results as bas Rorairna ; still more probable is it
tbat few small districts are so distinctly marked off from tbe country immediately sur-
rounding tbem by sucb great and remarkable peculiarities in tbeir vegetation. In brief,
tbe district of Boraima is, from a botanical point of view, chiefly interesting as an oasis
clotbed witb a vegetation distinct from tbat of tbe country which immediately surrounds
it, and at the same time, also in a very marked degree, peculiar either to this special
district or to this in common with a few other almost equally isolated, but widely sepa-
rated districts.

I cannot devote these prefatory remarks (in which I have the privilege of introducing
the list and description of my collection, so kindly prepared by the authorities above
mentioned) to a better purpose than to make as emphatic a statement as I can of the
isolated character, botanically , of the Soraima district, of the probable botanical relation
to certain other possibly similar districts, and of the general appearance of the very
peculiar and distinct vegetation of these districts*.

The whole area known under the name of Guiana may be likened to a wedge driven
into the north-eastern shoulder of South America. Geographically, it is thus placed
between Brazil on the south and Venezuela on the north ; for our present purpose it
will, however, be better to describe its position somewhat differently. The artificially
formed political divisions of the continent for obvious reasons correspond very closely
with the tracts naturally differentiated each by its own river-system. As it is along
the river-systems that the migration of animals and plants chiefly occur, the customary
and convenient names of these divisions therefore really correspond somewhat closely
with the natural and important differences in flora and in fauna, which distinguish the
narrow river-basins. Thus, as Venezuela is essentially the tract drained by the great
river Orinoco, and as the northern part of Brazil is essentially the tract drained by the
great river Amazon, and as Guiana, intermediate between these two, consists essentially
of the parallel tracts drained by comparatively smaller rivers (of which the Essequibo,
the Demerara, the Berbice, the Corentyn, the Saramacca, and the Maroni may be

Boddam Weiham, in 1878. None of these made botanical collections. David Bukke, an English orchid-collector,
was there in 1881, and brought home interesting living plants, among others, the South-American pitcher-plant
(Eelianvpliora nutans), which has, I believe, since been distributed by Messrs. Veitch & Sons. Hestry Whitelt, an
English collector of bird-skins, was there on several occasions between 1879 and 1884, and is, I believe, again there
ta the present moment, but he has collected no plants. Siedel, a German orchid-collector, was there in April 1884,
and again, with us, in December of the same year. He brought back only living plants, especially the magnificent
Catileya Lawrenceana, which have since been distributed by Mr. H. Sander. Of these Siedel, the only traveller with
an eye for plants who has been at Boraima except in the last months of the year, assures me that the abundance of
flower was much greater there iu April than in December. But in the latter month the natives' Cassava-fields are
in full bearing, and provision is therefore much more easily attainable.

* I use the phrase " Boraima district " as including not only the mountain of that name, but the whole of the
small group of similar sandstone mountains of which Boraima is the best known, and at present the only explored
member.

OBSERVED DURING THE RORAIMA EXPEDITION. 2">1

mentioned), so Venezuela, Guiana, and North Brazil therefore represent tracts which are
really more or less differentiated from one another in their lima and fauna.

Now, as the whole of the tract under consideration (that drained by the Orinoco, the
Amazon, and the intermediate rivers) rises gradually, or, more generally, hy step-like
ascents, from the sea-level on its east toward the tableland on its west (i. e. the centre
of the continent), it is, of course, on this tableland that the rivers take their origin. And
as, owing to the irregularity of the surface of this tableland, and still more that of its
slope toward the eastern sea, it follows that each of these rivers collects its head-waters
from unusually widely separated localities, so it often happens that two or more of
these rivers draw some portion of their head-waters from unusually contiguous localities.
Thus it is conceivable, and even probable, that any peculiar animal or vegetable forms,
which may originate at one of these localities which supplies water to very divergent
river-systems may distribute themselves over very wide ai'eas by passing along the
courses of the various rivers thence arising.

It happens that the rock-pillars of the lloraima group, rising some 5000 feet over the
general level of the tableland, itself at that part some 3000 feet above the level of the
sea, pour clown from their summits streams which go to swell the Orinoco, the Esse-
quibo, and the Amazon — in other words, the three rivers respectively of Venezuela,
Guiana, and Brazil. Now, as has been already mentioned, the flora of Boraima is of a
very remarkably peculiar character. A most interesting question still awaits solution,
namely, the relation of the flora of Boraima to the floras of Venezuela, Guiana, and
Brazil.

No answer, I say, has yet been attempted to this question ; nor can I pretend to
suggest any. I am, however, able here to offer, as data to be considered in the question,
some very general account of the flora of Guiana, and a rather more special account
of the flora of Boraima in its relation to that of Guiana.

Guiana, as has been said, rises gradually from the east toward the high tableland of
the interior of the continent. Instead, however, of thus placing ourselves in imagination
on its sea-coast and looking westward up its gradual slope, let us imagine ourselves on
the tableland on Boraima, and that we are looking eastward down toward the sea.
Were such a bird's-eye view really possible, we should find that the tableland, or savannah,
as it is there called, is an open treeless country, its elevated surface hardly anywhere level,
but swelling up in many hills, and even into some mountain-ranges. We find that only
along the courses of the rivers, or in the other lower parts where water has accumulated
in some form, are there more or less extensive belts of trees, and that, on the savannah
itself, even these trees are, considering that we are in the tropics, of no great size.
Further eastward, on the lower part of the slope toward the sea, where the rivers
have already grown wider and approached each other more nearly, the trees are more
numerous and larger. Still further eastward, lower down the slope, the belts of
trees, each pertaining to its own river, have widened with the rivers, till they have
approached and then joined each other ; here the trees are of yet larger size. At last,
at the bottom of the slope, between its foot and the still far distant sea-waves, the wide

2q2

252 MR. E. F. IM THURN ON THE PLANTS

tract of alluvial soil which has heen deposited, having either been brought down by the
rivers or cast up from the sea, is virtually entirely occupied by the omnipresent forest of
trees, which have there attained their true gigantic tropical size. If we except certain
small patches of very swampy open land within this forest of the alluvial tract, locally
called "wet savannahs," all is forest except the very narrow strip of land actually
washed by the waves, and not even that toward the north.

Very different and distinct floras characterize the parts of Guiana thus variously con-
ditioned, though, naturally, a certain number of species are common to all three.

Where the narrow sea-washed strip has been artificially disafforested, a generally
dwarf and weed-like flora prevails, very rarely consisting of non-indigenous plants.

Within the forest, after the generally great height of the trees and often the
abundance of palms, perhaps the most noteworthy features of the vegetation, are in the
first place, the great scarcity of mosses, herbage, and low-growing plants, especially of
any with conspicuous flowers, and the consequent barrenness of the soil, which is relieved
by only a few scattered ferns, ginger-worts, Caladiums and other aroids, Dieffenbachias,
Cyperacese, and other shade-loving plants ; and, in the next place (though this is hardly
discernible from below), the abundance of the flowering creepers and epiphytes spread
over the matted tops of the dense and lofty trees. The representatives of the low-growing
flowering plants of the thinner, lighter woods of temperate climates have here, in this
dense shade of the tropical forest, to send their immensely long, flowerless, creeping stems
up some one or even two hundred feet, to reach above the highest tree-branches, before
they can break into bloom. Only as semiaquatics along the river-side there are a few
showy-flowered dwarf plants.

Quite different again is it on the savannahs, where, among the grasses which naturally
form the chief vegetation, are scattered a considerable number of bright-flowered dwarf
plants ; though even here the abundance of bloom very rarely reaches the extraordinary
development which it often does in the meadows of temperate climates. Rather striking,
too, is it that on these savannahs many of the bright-flowered plants, unlike those of tem-
perate meadows, are here also true climbing-plants, leguminous chiefly, and various
species of Eehites, though their stems, instead of climbing far and high over giant trees,
here only ramble weakly over the short grasses.

In each of these distinct floras of the coast, the forest, and of the savannah, the
number of species is of course great ; but in each separate district the species charac-
teristic of it are, as a rule, remarkably widely and evenly scattered throughout its extent.
Por example, within the forest-district probably by far the larger number of species have
an unbroken distribution throughout its extent, and of the remaining species most have
an unbroken distribution throughout the district from north to south ; though they may
be limited from east to west, according, that is, to the greater or less distance from the
sea or to the higher or lower position on the general upward slope of the country. On
the savannah, the level of which probably corresponds more or less closely with the
general level of the main tableland of that part of the continent, the distribution of
the main species is still more even and universal. On almost every part of the savannah

OBSERVED DURING THE RORAIMA EXPEDITION. 253

certain grasses, dwarf shrubs, and herb-like plants, form the dominant vegetation. Yet
a few remaining- parts are marked by the occurrence of certain distinct and, so to speak,
localized species, which are scattered more or less widely among the more ordinary
forms. Again, a very few other parts arc still more distinctly marked, and made very
distinct areas, by the more or less complete absence of the ordinary forms, and the
substitution there of an entirely new and generally very distinct set of species. These
areas with a few localized species, several of which were passed by us on our way to
Roraima, and still more these areas of distinct vegetation, of which the Kaieteur
savannah which we traversed, and especially Roraima itself, are remarkably fine
examples of the utmost botanical interest.

A few notes must first be given of the species here described as localized. It is to be
remembered that these notes were made during a single walk, long as it was, through a
country otherwise almost absolutely unknown; so tbat though these species were noticed
by me because I saw them either only in one spot, or at least in very few spots — L e. I
passed through either only one distinct group or through very few such groups of them —
yet it is, of course, impossible to assert that many other such distinct groups do not occur
wherever the requisite soil and other circumstances permit.

A considerable number of such localized species occur on tracts where the soil is of so
peculiar a nature as to have earned a special name for such places from the natives, who
call them Eppellings. This name is applied by the Arekoonas to certain tracts in
which the underlying very soft sandstone is overlaid by a coating of hard dense and
dry mud, or, in some other cases, of hard conglomerate. Wherever, as is often the
case, this hard-mud surface is unbroken, it resembles an asphalt pavement, or, perhaps,
rather a floor made of hard-beaten earth. But this curious earth-surface overlies hill and
dale alike — is, therefore, not often level. Wherever, then, there has been the slightest
crack in its surface, rain-water gathers, and, having once obtained a lodgment, eats away
and enlarges the crack. The result is an eppelling surface, which, instead of being like
an asphalt pavement, is like a pavement formed of irregularly-shaped and scattered flag-
stones. But, again, the mud-layer which overlies the eppelling being by no means thick,
whenever this has once been indented, as just described, by many cracks enlarged by
water, these cracks are soon engraved through the mud-layer down to the soft sandstone
below ; and, when this has once occurred, the sandstone thus exposed, which yields to the
action of the water even more readily than does the hard mud, is rapidly worked out. In
this way the eppelling is made to assume the form of a number of blocks of sandstone,
often pillar-like. Each of such blocks is capped and protected by a patch of the original
hard earth, or, in other cases, of the original conglomerate. (See woodcut, fig. 1, p. 251.)

Now, where the original eppelling surface is unbroken, in which state we have com-
pared it to an asphalt pavement, it is as entirely devoid of vegetation as such an artificial
pavement would be. But where the surface of the eppelling has reached its furroweci
stage, a few plants find lodgment, chiefly certain orchids and other such plants, of which
the roots are of such a nature that, in the dry season, when the furrows are waterless, the
whole plant shrinks into complete rest, and even in some cases loses its roothold, and is

254

MR. E. F. IM THURN ON THE PLANTS

blown about on tbe surface of tbe eppelling until tbe next rains come, when it again
throws out anchor-like roots into some new furrow. One orchid of this wandering ten-
dency is a Catasetum ( O. cristatum ? [No.

Fig. 1.

148]) ; another is the new and very beautiful
Oncidium, named and described by Mr.
Ridley in the appended list as 0. orthostates
[No. 12]. Sometimes, too, in this same state
of the eppelling, especially where such ground
occurs on the brows of exposed hills, shrubs
of considerable size find anchorage in the
furrows and flourish. One such hill-top
which we passed was made very beautiful
in this way by a large and isolated patch
of the large rosy-flowered Bonnetia sessilis,
Benth. [No. 11]. In another similar place
we passed through a distinct patch of the
compact Stifftia condensata, Baker [No. 110].
And more than one such place was distin-
guished by thickets of Gomphia gnianensis

•S^-ll [No- 15]* "

Lastly, as regards the eppellings where
the furrows of these places have been worked
down into the sandstone, and have been much
enlarged, the deep ravines and pits of all
sizes thus formed, though bare of vegetation
wherever the process of water-washing still
continues in violent action, where this
action has ceased owing to the stoppage of
the outlet, or has become much moderated,
are comparatively thickly clothed with vege-
tation.

Another remarkable localized plant, though
not occurring on an eppelling, was the beau-
tiful Aplielandra pulcherrima ? [No. 14]. It
has already been said that, even on the otherwise open savannahs, more or less extensive
belts of forest often clothe the sides of the narrower parts of the valleys through which
the rivers run. One such place we came to, where, after crossing the Ireng river and the
low watershed which there separates that river from its tributary, the Karakanang, we
were descending toward the level of the last-named river. It was here that, in a some-
what extensive wood of which most of the trees were common species of Cassia, we found
the dense, shrubby underwood to consist almost entirely of this beautiful scarlet-flowered
Aplielandra.

Throughout a small tract on either side of the Ireng river, where the ground was almost

Rook-pillars on the summit of Roraima.

OBSERVED DURING THE RORAIMA EXPEDITION. 255

entirely covered by a gravelly layer of shattered conglomerate, a very beautiful herb,
with dowers of an intense violet-blue — a very rare colour in Guiana — was common, and
pleasantly reminded me of an English " viper's bugloss." It was Slachylarpheta mutabilis,
Vahl [No. 1], which seems to me to correspond to my description of a localized species.

Again, between the Ireng and the Cotinga rivers, there grew in abundance, and
evidently as a native, a plant [Farcrcea gigantea] which, common enough near the coast
of Guiana in cultivation, and even as an evident escape from cultivation, is nowhere else,
as far as I have seen in many wanderings, wild in that colony.

Lastly, as regards localized species, I would mention several dwarf bamboos, none of
which, unfortunately, did I succeed in finding in flower. One of these, a wonderfully
graceful species, appears to me peculiar, in that it grows in dense thickets on the open
savannah. This was on the Ireng river, and more sparingly onward from there toward
the Cotinga. Another of these bamboos (Chusquea [sp. ?], No. 18), I think the most
graceful plant I ever saw, occurred sparingly, and only in one spot, on the Arapoo river
close to the village of Tooroiking. A third bamboo, a climbing form ( Guadua) [No. 359],
occurred to me first on the same river, but is much more common on lloraima itself, and
should perhaps be spoken of in connection with the vegetation of that mountain.

Turning next to the areas of distinct vegetation, the first to be mentioned is that of

the Kaieteur savannah *. This is certainly a very remarkable place, with an equally

remarkable vegetation. It is an open space, some two miles long by one across, in the

heart of the ordinary dense forest, and some four days' journey on foot from the nearest

open country. It has been said that the descent from the tableland of the interior

toward the sea is not a gradual slope, but occurs chiefly in a series of step-like

descents. These descents are generally of no great individual height ; but that

of the Kaieteur takes the form of an almost abrupt cliff — at the Kaieteur fall itself it

is an actual cliff — of between seven and eight hundred feet in height. The Potaro river,

rising apparently from the neighbourhood of, but not actually on, Koraima, after an

unknown upper course of considerable length, runs along one side of the almost

perfectly level Kaieteur savannah, and precipitates itself, at the east end of that savannah,

down the sheer descent of 800 feet. The savannah itself is virtually a flat exposed rock,

many parts of which are as absolutely bare as a London pavement. This rock is

sandstone, which, as in the eppellings (indeed it probably is one, but of unusually

unbroken surface) is capped by a harder material, a layer of conglomerate. Just as

the bard surface of the eppellings cracks, and eventually affords roothold in the fissures

thus made for plants, so the hard conglomerate covering of the Kaieteur savannah has

cracked, and in many of the fissures thus produced has given harbourage for plants. Some

of these latter fissures have gradually been tilled up by the accumulation of vegetable

matter ; others remain still open. On this savannah, however, the fissures are larger

than is commonly the case in the eppellings — are, in fact, often very long but generally

narrow fissures. Many of these are now entirely occupied by shrubs and dwarf trees.

The lines of these masses of vegetation, necessarily following the direction of the fissures,

* Some excellent " Remarks on the aspect and flora of the Kaieteur Savannah " were published by my friend
Mr. G. S. Jenman in 'Timeum' vol. i. (1882) p. 229.

256 MR. E. F. IM THURN ON THE PLANTS

present, in most remarkable degree, the appearance of the well-marked designs laid out by
a landscape-gardener ; the whole effect is bike that of an artificial garden, with regular
groups of shrubs separated by wide paths and roads of clean bare rock. Moreover, it is
not only in the fissures that plants grow on this savannah. As on the eppellings, so here
too, a certain number of plants find sufficient foothold in the vegetable accumulations in
the slight depressions in the conglomerate sheet before these have^been engraved deeply
enough to leave the sandstone exposed and to make regular fissures.

But not only is the arrangement of the vegetation of the savannah thus very remarkable ;
the plants composing this vegetation are also individually of great interest. As might
be expected, very few of them occur in the forest which everywhere, and for a great dis-
tance, surrounds this strange open space. Much more remarkable is it that very few of
these plants occur on the nearest savannah, nor, indeed, on the general savannah-land of
the interior. And, most noteworthy of all is it, a very large number of these peculiar
plants of this isolated savannah occur, often with slight but interesting differences, on
Roraima.

By far the most striking, as it is also the most abundant, plant on the Kaieteur savannah
is a huge aloe-like Bromeliaceous plant, Brocchinia cordylinoides, Baker, which was
gathered there by Mr. Jenman and myself some years ago, but which was, until the Roraima
expedition, unknown elsewhere. This gigantic plant, so striking as to compel notice
even from the most unobservant traveller, is ranged in enormous numbers on the Kaie-
teur savannah, and indeed makes, to a large extent, the strangeness of that strange scene.
There the height of a full-grown specimen, under favourable circumstances, is about 14.
feet, and, in the older specimens at least, the crown of leaves is supported on a tall bare
stem. It seems also there to flower abundantly. We shall see that the plant occurs, but
with slightly different characters, on Roraima. Moreover, at the Kaieteur, in the axils
of the leaves of this Brocchinia, and only in that position, grows a very remarkable and
beautiful TJtricularia ( TJ. Humboldtii, Schombk.), with flower-stems 3 or 4 feet long, sup-
porting its many splendidly large violet flowers. This plant too we found on Roraima,
and with slightly different characters from those which it exhibits at the Kaieteur.
Another remarkable and distinct plant on the Kaieteur savannah is a low-growing
Brocchinia (B. reducta, Baker), also previously known only from there, and may be
roughly described as resembling three or four sheets of yellowish-grey foolscap paper rolled
loosely one round the other, the whole standing on one end of the roll. This plant I did
not observe on Roraima, though I feel convinced that it will one day be found there ; but
I did see it, in very considerable quantity, in one small district about halfway between the
Kaieteur and Roraima. Only one other plant common, but with a difference of form,
to the two districts can be mentioned here. Mr. Jenman found at the Kaieteur a very
striking new Iforonobea (31. Jenmani, Engl.) ; and I found on Roraima another very
remarkable congener (II. intermedia, Engl., No. 337), of which its describer says that it
is intermediate between M. riparia and M. Jenmani.

In short, the Kaieteur savannah and Roraima may be regarded as two isolated areas
marked by a very peculiar vegetation, which vegetation is, however, to a noteworthy
extent, common to the two.

OBSERVED DURING THE KORAIMA EXPEDITION.

257

Before referring to the district of lloraima, I may mention that, if I may judge from
the reports of the natives, and of the one or two white men who have been there,
savannahs occur curiously like t li is very remarkable example at the Kaieteur (1) above
Amailah fall on the Guriebrong river, a tributary of the Potaro, (2) above Orinidouie
fall on the Ireng river, and (3) above a certain very large fall which exists (I have
myself heard the roar of its waters) on tin; Potaro, about two days' boat journey
above the Kaieteur. In each of these places the large and not easily mistakable
JBrocchinia cordylinoides is credibly said to occur; and it seems highly probable that
with this some of the other, hut less conspicuous, plants of the Kaieteur occur also on
these other savannahs. In short, it may very probably be that each of these reported
fall-savannahs is a distinct area, parallel and similar in vegetation to the Kaieteur
savannah and to Rorairaa. In passing it may also here be noted that apparently a Broc-
chinia, similar to B. cordylinoides, occurs on the Organ Mountains, near Rio, in Brazil,
reached by Gardner in 1837, and that in the axils of its leaves occurs a Utricularia ( U.
nelwmbifolia, Gard.) which, to judge from Gardner's passing descriptions, must be
strikingly similar to U. Humboldlii as it occurs on the Kaieteur savannah. Possibly

Fig. 2.

' \ jk

-— —pVYH^

wn

antral c50?«!^#^ £5*328?** skkjbi

View of the south-cast face of lloraima, showing the waterfall and ledge of ascent.

the Organ Mountains, too, resemble in some of their vegetable features the Kaieteur
savannah and lloraima *.

* (iardner's description of the vegetation of the Organ Mountains (see his ' Travels in Brazil,' London, 1849,
pp. 50-52. 402—403) reads extraordinarily like an account of the vegetation of Roraima. The height of the two
elevations is about the same, but the Organ Mountains consist almost exclusively of granite, not, as Roraima does, of
sandstone.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. II.

kl R

258 MR. E. F. 1M THURN ON THE PLANTS

Let us now pass to the consideration of Roraima itself as an area of distinct vegetation ;
and in so doing a few words must first he said as to the physical features of the mountains.
Roraima is one (certainly the best known, perhaps really the most remarkable) of a
group of pillar-like sandstone mountains capped with hard conglomerate, which group
is, it seems to me, identical in nature and origin with the groups of sandstone pillars,
capped with conglomerate or hardened mud, of the eppellings already described. In
short, Roraima and its fellow mountains seem to be an eppelling on a gigantic scale.
Some notion of how large this scale is may be gathered from the fact that Roraima
itself, one pillar of the group, is almost exactly four miles wide along its south-eastern
face, and is apparently seven or eight miles long from south to north, and that its height
is some 5000 feet above the general level of the plain from which it rises.

This 5000 feet of height, it must be explained, is made up of a sloping base, the pedi-
ment of the pillar, of about 3000 feet, which is surmounted by the more strict pillar-like
portion, 2000 feet in height. The plateau on top of the pillar is a very slightly,
almost imperceptibly, hollowed basin, four miles wide by some seven or eight long,
over Avhich are scattered innumerable single rocks and piles of rocks, the largest
of which are apparently some eighty or ninety feet in height. The sloping basal
part of the mountain is, everywhere but toward the south-east, covered by dense, but
not lofty forest; while on the south-east a considerable portion of it (which portion
does not, however, extend up to the foot of the actual cliff) is treeless and grass-
covered. The cliff itself is bare, but for a comparatively few mosses, ferns, grasses, and
trailing plants clinging closely to the rougher parts of its surface, especially where the
many waterfalls trickle down the rock-face, and for the dwarf shrubs, ever dwarfer and
more alpine in character toward the top, which have found a lodgment on the few
transverse ledges which break the evenness of the surface. The hollow basin at the top
of the pillar is, wherever a little soil has accumulated in the depressions of the bare rock
which constitutes the greater part of its surface, clothed with a dwarf herb-like vegeta-
tion of most remarkable appearance, consisting largely of various species of Pcepalanthus,
a Drosera, a few terrestrial orchids (these not very conspicuous in flower), a remarkable
lowr-growing aloe-like Abolboda of which I shall have more to say hereafter, various
ground-clinging shrubs of alpine Vaccinuim-like character, and of a very few single
shrubs, all of one species {Bonnetia JRoraimce, Oliv., n. sp. [No. 330]), of larger growth,
even though this is but some three feet high.

Nor in this brief sketch of the physical features of Rm-aima in their bearing on the
vegetation is it possible to avoid mention of the great moisture of the atmosphere which
surrounds the mountain. The shallow basin of the upper plateau always holds much
water, and probably at times is almost full ; the sides of the cliff are ever moistened by
the innumerable rills and streams poured down from the plateau above on to the
sloping base ; and this basal portion itself is, on the more level undulating parts of its
exposed surface, a mere spongy swamp, while in its forested parts it is traversed by
almost innumerable rills hastening down to join the large rivers of the plain below.

When dealing with the vegetation along our line of march to Roraima I pointed
out that I could only pretend to speak of the plants actually along that line ; in now

OBSERVED DURING THE RORAIMA EXPEDITION. 259

dealing with the vegetation of Roraima itself I can only speak of that of the south-
eastern side of this mountain, which alone I was ahle to examine closely. We spent
nearly a month on this side, where it is treeless, savannah-like, and swampy, and we
climbed to the top of the mountain by a ledge running obliquely up the south-eastern
face of its cliff (sec fig. 2, p. 257).

It was not till we reached the top that we saw the most remarkable features in the
wonderful plant-life of this very distinct area of vegetation. Even while only
approaching the base of the mountain (which for convenience of description I will take
to be marked on the south-eastern side by the bed of the Kookenaam river), and while
we were still far off, we met for the first time with plants which we afterwards found
commonly on Horaima, the outposts, as it were, of the remarkable group of plant-forms
centred on Roraima. From the moment when the first of these distinctive plants of
the mountain was met with till the moment, some weeks later, when we reached the top,
we ever travelled onward into a more and more peculiar flora.

Our discovery, on the savannahs a full day's journey from Roraima, of the first outpost
of the vegetation of that mountain was a very distinct event. We found a well-marked
dense patch, perhaps some 40 yards in diameter, of Abolboda Sceptrum, Oliver, nov. sp.
[No. 312], a compact and dwarf, yucca-like plant, with a rosette, perhaps a foot and a half
in diameter, of most acutely needle-pointed leaves. This plant appeared again in patches
once or twice before we reached Roraima, and formed much of the turf, as it were, both
of the savannah slope of the base of that mountain and also of the top. It was, when-
ever it appeared, a constant source of annoyance and of danger, not only to the naked
feet of my Indian companions, but also to my own canvas-clad feet. Luckily a rumour
which in some way spread among us that these rosettes of vegetable bayonets were
poisonous, after causing some rather comic alarm, proved groundless. Where we first
found the plant, as also on the sloping base of the mountain, it was out of flower and,
though its withered flower-stems were extant, was already seedless ; but on the top we
found it in full and striking flower. From the centre of the rosette of leaves rises a
single stem, perhaps 18 inches in height, crowned by a very regularly formed whorl of
dependent yellow flowers. The general appearance — the facies, to use a term recognized,
I believe, by botanists — was remarkably like that of the yellow form of the Crown
Imperial {Fritillaria imperlaUs). For the botanical description of this interesting plant,
as indeed of all the other new plants of which I shall attempt to describe the facies, I
must refer to the list carefully worked out at Kew *.

After passing the first station of Abolboda Sceptrum till we reached the actual foot of
Roraima, at the bed of the Kookenaam river, we continued through a country over
which, though it was still furnished chiefly with the ordinary savannah vegetation, were
scattered a few, indeed as we advanced an ever-increasing number of new plants. Across
this tract, about halfway between the station of Abolboda and the Kookenaam, runs the
Arapoo river, which, falling down from Roraima, has its course marked in a pronounced

* It may here be mentioned that three volumes of admirable original sketches of British Guiana plants by (Sir
Robert?) Schomburgk exist in the Herbarium of the British Museum. Among these sketches are to be found many
Roraima plants, and among others ALModa Sceptrum..

2k 2

260 MR. E. F. IM THURN ON THE PLANTS

way by plants characteristic of that mountain, such as Marcetia taxifolia [No. 68],
Cassia Boraima, Benth. [No. 71], Dimorphandra macrostachya, Benth. [No. 39], Meiss-
ueria microlicioides, Naud. [No. 174], Galea ternifolia, Oliv. [No. 27]. To rue the most
interesting plant on this river was a very beautiful little slipper-orchid {Selenipedivm
Klotzschianum, Beichb. f. [No. 31]), which grew in the moist gravel of the river-bed, where
the plant must frequently be under water. This plant we also found in great abundance
on an island in the Cotinga river, on another in the Roraima river, and on a small creek,
called Aroie, a tributary of the Cotinga. Naturally the Arapoo river, as are its fellows
flowing from Boraima, is an artery allowing of the dissemination of the plants of that
mountain.

At last we reached the Kookenaam river, at the village of Teroota, at the base, that
is, of Roraima. Even beyond the bed of the river, for some distance up the slope
of the mountain, the tract of ordinary savannah vegetation still continues, its charac-
teristic plants ever becoming more and more mingled with plants belonging to the
Boraima flora, till the very distinctly marked zone of strictly Boraima vegetation is
reached.

The course of the Kookenaam river, where it flows through the tract of neutral
vegetation — vegetation, that is, not yet deprived of ordinary savannah plants, and not
yet composed exclusively of Boraima plants — is, as was the course of the Arapoo river
already described, very well defined by the large number of Boraima plants clustering
on its banks. Among these may be mentioned various shrubs, Ilex Macoucoua, Pers.
[No. 75], Dipteryx reticulata, Benth. ? [No. 73], Myrcia Roraima, Oliv. [No. 74], and
another species close to M. Kegeliana, Berg [No. 82]) which in places fringe the banks of
this stream, and are also characteristic of the upper, proper flora of the mountains.
Along the banks of this river, after its emergence from the mountain, grows in the peaty
soil at the water's edge a very beautiful and sweet-scented white orchid (Ayanisia alba,
Bidley [No. 360]), and on the more rocky parts of the bank a very remarkable red
passion-flower [No. 84], with panicles of many pendent flowers, each panicle having the
appearance — the facies, to use that ugly but convenient term again — of a spray of fuchsia-
blossom * It was here, too, in the deep cuttings made by the river and half filled up
with huge blocks of stone which are now overgrown with gnarled trees and shrubs, that
one of the most famous of all Roraima plants grows — Cat t ley a Laiorenceana, Reichb. f.
[No. 80].

This Cattleya is doubtless the one collected by the Schomburgk brothers, and enumerated
by Richard Schomburgk as C. pumila; for it appears to be the only representative of this
genus occurring on this side, at least, of Roraima, and this was the only side visited by
the Schomburgks. It grows apparently not high up on the mountain, but on the gnarled
tree-trunks, close to the water, in the clefts through which the Kookenaam and some of
its small tributary streams flow, at a height of about 3700 to 4000 feet above the sea. At
the time of our visit, Mr. Siedel, an orchid collector, having set the natives to work
to collect this plant for him, I have seen ten or twelve of these people come into

* This passion-flower is well figured in Schomlmrgk's drawings, of which mention has already been made.

OBSERVED DURING THE ROIIAIMA EXPEDITION. 201

camp, afternoon after afternoon, each laden with a basket (a good load for a man) full of
these lovely plants, many of them then in full (lower. One day I myself, having
gone down to the Kookenaam to bathe, gathered, just round the small pool I chose for
that purpose, two most glorious clumps of this orchid, the better of the two having live
spikes of (lower, of which one bore nine, each of the others eight, blossoms — in all forty-one
of some of the largest and finest-coloured Catfleya-ilowers ever seen, on a single small
plant, the roots of which easily lay on my extended hand *.

Before now dealing with the plants actually of lioraima, it will be convenient to say a \'c\v
ruore words as to the form of this south-eastern face of the mountain (woodcut, tig. 2).

From the bed of the Kookenaam at Teroota (3751 feet) the mountain slopes, somewhat
gradually though of course not evenly, upward for a distance of about three miles, till a
height of 5000 feet is attained. This last-mentioned point is that to which a considerable
number of the plants belonging to the ordinary savannah vegetation of Guiana ascend t.
From this point the mountain rises, at first somewhat more abruptly and then again more
gradually, so as to form, as it were, a terrace about midway up the slope. The upper
level of this terrace, wdiich lies at a height of about 5400 feet, is almost everywhere
swampy, though here and there a few rocks crop out. This is the place so enthusiastically
described by Dr. Schomburgk, on account of the extraordinary richness of its vegetation,
as a " botanical Eldorado ; " and it was here too, just within the forest which edges this
swamp, that we built our house and made our headquarters. It is to this point that
the open savannah extends ; for above it all is more or less densely forested. Between
this swamp, lying along its terrace, is a ravine, and again, beyond this ravine, in which it
must be remembered that the forest begins, the mountain slopes up very abruptly to a
height of about 0500 feet, to the base, that is, of the actual cliff. In the accompanying
diagram (woodcut, fig. 2, p. 257) all up to the ravine is distinguished as the savannah-slope ;
all above, to the base of the cliff, as the forest-slope. It should also be noted that the forest-
slope is not uniformly clad with trees. The lower part is densely wooded, covered, as it
were, by dense jungle ; next comes a belt of bush, rather than of jungle; while still
higher, just under the cliff, the masses of rock which have fallen from above lie like a
moraine, on which are scattered sparse trees, the low, wide-spreading branches of which
interlock in a remarkable way J. The actual face of the cliff is, of course, bare ; but
wherever ledges run up for any distance these are often tree- or bush-clad ; and the one
ledge which runs right up to the top, the one by which we ascended, is bush-clad
to a point about two-thirds up, then bushlcss but plant-covered.

In the ascent from Teroota up to about 5000 feet (nearly up, that is, to the commence-
ment of the El Dorado swamp) we met with many plants new to me scattered among the

* full descriptions of thia Cattleya have been given in the 'Gardeners' Chronicle,' 1S85, vol. sxiii. pp. .'17 I. 375,
and vol. ssiv. p. 1U3.

t The most conspicuous of tho few plants of the ordinary plain which ascend above this point are : — Polygala
hygrophila, H. B. K. ; P. tongicaulis, H. B. K. ; P. variabilis, H. B. K. ; §ida linifolia, Cav. ; Drosera communis,
A. St.-Hil. ; Pleroma Tibouchihum, Triana; Sipanea pratensis, Aubl. ; Pedis elongata, H. B. K. ; Gnaphalium
spicatum, Lam.; and Centropogon surinamensis, Presl.

J This moraine-like part of the slope is curiously like the well-known " Wistman's Wood " on Dartmoor.

262 MR. E. F. IM THURN ON THE PLANTS

usual savannah plants. Conspicuous among these were three orchids, two growing on
bare pebble-covered ground, the third on the huge boulders scattered over the slope. The
two former were Oyrtopodium parviflorum, Lindl. [No. 55], with its handsome spike,
often eighteen inches high, of many yellow and purple flowers, and the delicately beautiful
white-flowered Kcellenstelnki Kellneriana, Eeichb. f. [No. 61], which latter grows also on
the Kaieteur savannah. The third of the above-mentioned orchids was the curious Masda-
vallia brevis, Reichb. f. [No. 286], with flowers more remarkable than beautiful. Another
striking new plant also growing on the boulders of this part of the slope was a remarkably
handsome and large Tiuja (?) [No. 45], with flowers of a magnificently deep indigo-blue —
a colour so rare in the tropics. This Puya, Mr. Baker tells me, is probably a new and
interesting species, but the dried specimens of it which I deposited at Kew are unfortu-
nately not sufficient for its determination. I have, however, some fine young living plants
of the species.

I come now to the description of the El Dorado swamp, for the place is really so
remarkable botanically as to be worthy of distinction under this name. It is worth, also,
another effort to give some picture of the appearance of the place. The swamp (botanists
will understand that the rather dismal suggestions of this word are often, as certainly in
this case, undeserved) lies on a terrace midway up the mountain. Its surface is very
uneven, audit is consequently much wetter in some parts than in others — its flatter parts
and its hollows so saturated with wet that the foot of one who walks there sinks often up
to the ankle ; its higher parts islands, rarely of any great size, of dry ground scattered
through the swamp. Often from these dry islands considerable groups of rocks
crop out and sometimes rise to a considerable height. In the wetter parts the grass,
which, of course, forms the main vegetation, is everywhere high, rank, and coarse ; on
the islands of drier ground the grass is finer and even turf-like ; from the actual rocks
grass is absent. Each of these two aspects of the swamp, wet ground and dry rocky
island, presents a distinct vegetation, of which almost the only common feature is dis-
tinction from the vegetation outside this El Dorado.

Mingling and vying in height with the rank grass * of the wet parts, their flowers
mingling with the blossom of the grasses, are plants of wonderful beauty. The ever lovely
violet-flowered TJtricularia Humboldtii, Schombk. [No. 43], is there, growing, not, as on
the Kaieteur savannah, as an epiphyte, but with independent roots in the ground ; but of
this I shall have more to say presently. The Abolboda is there too, in a form slightly
larger and much less compact than is natural to it when growing on drier ground. The
flag-leaved, yellow-flowered Xyris setirjera, Oliver [No. 62], and the small pink-flowered
Begonia tovarensis, Klotzsch [No. 141], are also there. A very few plants of Broc-
chinia cordylinoides, Baker, just two or three single specimens, are there ; but of this
I shall have more to say presently. Various ferns are there, especially the magnificent
Cycad-like Lomaria Boryana, Willd. (L. Schomburgk'd, Klotzsch) ; also many orchids ;
a "lady's slipper" (Selenipedium Mndleyanum, Pteichb. f. [No. 53]), with huge-branched
flower-stems, each bearing many blooms, the whole plant, flower, leaf, and stem alike, all

* The grasses chiefly noticed at this place were -.—Paspalum stdlatum, Fliigge ; Panicum nervorum, Lara.; Arun-
flinella brusUiensis, ltaddi.

OBSERVED DURING THE RORAIMA EXPEDITION. 203

velvety in texture, and of various shades of one colour, the colour of sunlight as it falls
through green young heech-leaves ; the heautii'ii\Zygopetaluml3'urkeii,1&eictib.f.[No. 50]*,
with flowers seeming like gigantic, pale-coloured "bee orchises" [Ophrys apifera, 1 1 mis.),
but far sweeter in scent ; in great abundance the rosy-flowered Pogonia pwrviflwa, Reichb. t.
[No. 115], which recalls in habit our English wild tulip (Tulipa sylvestris, L.) ; and, to
mention but one more among many, Ephlendrum elongatum, Jacq. [No. 42], its stems
varying in height from one to eight feet, its verbena-like clusters of flowers varying in
colour in different plants, some pale yellow, some fawn-colour, many pure rich pink, dark
purple, and even mauve. This last-mentioned orchid, it may be noted in passing, is
one of a group to which I shall presently refer.

The effect of the whole is as of an Alpine meadow, coloured in early summer by
innumerable flowers of the brightest and most varied tints.

If this tall vegetation be anywhere parted by the hand of the curious traveller, under-
neath it is seen a carpet of other, low-growing, plants — Pcepalanthus Schomburgkii
[No. 33] and P. jlavescens, Korw. [No. GO], Drosera communis, A. St.-IIil. ? [No. 313],
a pretty little orchid, Spirauthes bifida, Ilidley [No. 342], ferns, Lycopodiums, and
sphagnum-like mosses.

One, perhaps the most remarkable, plant of the swamp has not yet been noticed. It is
the South-American Pitcher-plant, Hcliamphora nutans, Benth. [No. .258], which grows
in wide-spreading, very dense tufts in the wettest places, but where the grass happens not
to be long. Its red-veined pitcher-leaves, its delicate white flowers raised high on red-
tinted stems, its sturdy habit of growth, make it a pretty little picture wherever it grows.
But it attains its full size and best development, not down here in this swamp, but up on
the ledges on the cliff of Roraima, and even on the top.

The vegetation of the drier, rocky patches is very different. A few shrubs of from four
to eight feet in height, a very few stunted and gnarled trees are there, a few single speci-
mens of the one Roraima palm (Geonoma Appuniana), which, as will presently be told, is
much more abundant higher up ; but more abundant are very dwarf shrubs of curiously
Alpine aspect, such as Gaultheria cordifolia, H. B. K. [No. 103], and various trailing
plants, such as a blackberry {Bubus guianensis, Focke [No. 106]), a passion-flower
[No. 110], and a few orchids and ferns.

Of the orchids the most noteworthy is Oncidium nigratum, Lindl. [No. 114], its
delicately thin, but wiry and much-branched stems, five feet high or more, seeming to float
in the air a crowd of innumerable, tiny, butterfly-like flowers of cream-colour and 1 thick ;
but two others {Zijgopetalum Burkeii and Bpidendrum elongatum), which we have already
seen in rank luxuriance in the wetter parts of the swamp, grow also on these drier parts,
but are here much reduced in general habit, though with larger and brighter-coloured
flowers. Of the ferns the most striking are a beautifully delicately cut Scliizcea (S. dicho-
toma, Sw. [No. 100]) and a very remarkable Gymno gramme (G. elaphoglossoldes, Baker,
[Nos. 101 & 215]), of which more hereafter.

Again, the tiny coppices which are on the swamp and the forest which bounds it

* This is represented on the Organ Mountains by Z. Mackaii, Hook.

264 MR. E. F. IM THURN ON THE PLANTS

which forest, it must he rememhered, covers on the other faces of the Roraima slope what
is here swamp — are full of interesting trees. One with vast numbers of large magnolia-
like white flowers is Moronobcea intermedia, Engler [No. 337], the new species
already alluded to as very closely allied to a second new species, If. Jenmani, Engl., which
occurs in corresponding circumstances on the Kaietcur savannah. Another abundant
tree represents an entirely new genus, Crepinella gracilis, Marchal [No. 162] ; another is a
new species of Sciadophyllum (S. coriaceum, March. [No. 128]). Another common,
and strikingly beautiful, tree is a variety of Eyrsonima crass/folia, H. B. K. [No. 130],
with leaves the under surfaces of which are tinted with so deep and rich a violet as to
impart a very striking violet shade to the whole tree, even when it is seen from a distance.
Under the shade of these and the hosts of other trees ground-shrubs and tree-trunks alike
are swathed in thick green mosses. There, too, but half clinging to the tree-trunks, are
various species of Psammisia [Nos. 56 & 49], woody-stemmed creepers, the innumerable
drop-like crimson flowers of which, as they catch the tiny gleams of light striking down
between the thick leaves of the forest-roof, glow with intense colour. In these shady,
moss-covered, quiet places stand erect many tree-ferns [Nos. 92, 270, 87, 37] and
a very beautiful new aroid (Anthnrium roraimense, N. E. Brown [No. 261]), its huge
heart-shaped leaves and large arum-like flowers of pm*est white carried high on a slender
but stiff stem. There, too, are innumerable ferns of wonderful interest, and many, but
not showy, orchids — especially of the latter family, many of those tiniest and most
delicate species which, if seen under a powerful magnifying-glass, would rival the most
showy and graceful of their kindred of our hothouses.

We must now pass to the forest-slope, which, as has been said, consists of three
fairly distinct belts or zones, which I have called respectively, beginning from the
lowest, the jungle-belt, the bush-belt, and the belt of rock and tree.

The jungle is most densely interwoven with many tall shrubs or dwarf trees, which
are yet more closely knit together by vast quantities of a climbing, straggling bamboo
(Guadua [No. 359]), of a cyperaceous plant (Cryptangium stellatum, Bceckl. [No. 357],
with rough, knife-edged leaves and tall, weak stems, which support themselves on, and
at the same time densely clothe, the shrubs among which it grows*, and of a gigantic and
handsome climbing fern (Glcichenia pubescens, H. B. K. [No. 313]). Among the shrubs
also are two palms : one, in vast quantities, very stout and erect-stemmed, and large-
leaved, Geonoma Appmniana, Spruce [No. 382] ; the other, occurring only in a few scattered
examples, a Euterpe, probably E. edulis, Mart., but, if so, in a most remarkably
stunted and dwarfed form. It is worth noting here that, despite the reported specific
abundance, by Schomburgk and Appun, of palms about Roraima, these are literally the
only two plants of that Order which I saw on the mountain. Under the shrubs
forming this jungle the ground was everywhere swathed with mosses, closely inter-
mingled with innumerable ferns, especially filmy ferns ; and this mossy covering
reached up over the tree-stems and branches everywhere but where the sunlight
fell. Under the shade of these shrubs, in the darkness and damp, grew various

* This is also a Kaietcur plant,

OBSERVED DURING THE RORAIMA EXPEDITION. 265

high-drawn terrestrial orchids, pallid plants with inconspicuous and pah; flowers (Steno-
ptera viscosa, Reichb. f. [No. 131]).

Undoubtedly the most striking feature of the vegetation of this jungle-belt was the
curious abundance and variety of the Ferns. Of these, two seem to require special
mention here. One is the Gymnogramme [No. 181] already mentioned as occurring
on the rocks in the swamp ; it was abundantly distributed from the swamp nearly to
the top of the mountain. It will be further mentioned in connection with a closely
allied species occurring on the top. The second fern to he distinguished represents a
very remarkable new genus, on which Mr. Baker has dwelt at some length in his report
on the plants of the expedition. The genus he has called Endoterosora [No. 181] ; the
species he has been good enough to gratify me by naming after my friend the late William
Hunter Campbell, LL.D., a man who, for very many reasons, but especially for his con-
stant endeavours to forward the scientific interests of the colony, deserved so well of the
people of Guiana. It is perhaps worthy of mention that this plant so closely resembles in
outward appearance a form of an entirely different genus (Polypodivm bifurcatum, L.
[Xo. 184 ex parte]), that I collected and dried it in mistake for that plant. Were it
possible to conceive that this resemblance could be of any benefit to the genus Etido-
terosora, it might be supposed that its very close resemblance to Polypodium bifurcatum
was an instance of ' mimicry.'

Above the jungle-belt comes the bush-belt. Here the shrubs, much fewer in number
and so scattered over the ground as to leave wide intervening spaces, appeared to me
generally of much the same species as in the lower belt. Here, however, as is not
the case below, they are sufficiently distributed to be individually distinguishable.
Among them the most prominent are a great number of species of JPsychotria [Nos. 83,
115, 185, 232], and a very remarkable yellow-flowered Melasma, M. ? spathaceum, Oliver,
n. sp. [No. 210], of which Professor Oliver writes that the specimens supplied him are
too imperfect to afford means of final determination whether this should not be regarded
as the type of a new genus distinct from Melasma ; and, in great abundance, a Groton (C.
surinamensi, Muell. Arg., aff. [No. 235]). Here, too, as below, but as is not the case in
the jungle-belt, occur a large number of plants of Brocchinia cordylmoides, still in its
small Roraiina, not in its larger Kaieteur form, as well as great quantities of the huge
Stegolepis guianensis, Klotzsch. [No. 338], the iWs-like plants of which, being provided
with a great abundance of slimy matter, made walking most difficult, in parts where they
grew densely. The Brocchinia, too, grew in parts so densely that we had to walk, not on
the ground, but on the crowns of the plants, which, as we crushed them with our feet,
poured from the axils of their leaves the remarkably abundant water which they
retain ; and very cold water it was, over our already too cold feet. Nor must I omit to
mention, though I propose afterward to sum up my observations on the Broccli'niia and
on the various species of TJtricularia, that in this bush-belt a very few plants (I saw not
more than three or four) of TJtricularia Humboldtii, Schombk. [No. 43], of the dark
Roraiina form, were growing in the axils of the Brocchinia-le&ves, as at the Kaieteur.

Two other very interesting plants appeared to us first in this bush-belt, though we

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. II. 2 S

266 MR. E. F. IM THURN ON THE PLANTS

afterwards found that they extended almost, if not quite, up to the top of the mountain.
One, Lisiantlms, L. macrantho aff. [No. 188], was a large succulent-leaved herb,
almost shrub-like, with very large rich purple-crimson flowers centred with white, which
would probably be a most valuable and gorgeous addition to our cultivated stove-plants.
The other was the most delicately beautiful, the most fairy-like, and at the same time,
for its size, the most showy plant I ever saw. It was a new TJtricidaria, which Professor
Oliver, at my request, has kindly named also after William Hunter Campbell ; U. Camp-
bellicma, Oliv., n. sp. [No. 187], grew among the very dwarfest mosses clinging to the
tree-trunks and boughs. The plant, that is the root and leaves, is so tiny that it was
almost impossible to detect it when not in flower. The erect stem, an inch or more high,
is hair-like ; and on this is borne one (sometimes two) large and brilliant red flower,
somewhat of the colour and size of the flowers of Sophronitls grandiflora.

One more feature of the bush-belt claims notice ; the tree-ferns, occurring, indeed,
in the lower jungle-belt, but there crushed out of all form and lost in the too densely
packed struggle of plants, are here, in the greater and freer space, able to develop then'
true form and beauty, and so rise with stout erect stems to bear far overhead their
regularly shaped majestic crowns of thickly growing fronds.

Next, of the rock and tree-belt all that need be said is that the same species as in the
lower belt seem to occur, but that these are here, for some rather obscure reason, repre-
sented by larger and more developed individuals ; that the Ferns, both the Tree-ferns and
the more dwarf species, and one of the Palms, Geonoma [No. 382], become yet more
abundant ; and that the mossy universal covering which I have already dwelt on as
occurring below, here becomes so immensely dense and all-pervading (the Mosses are so
deep on rock and ground, and hang in such dense, long masses from all trees and branches)
as to produce on the mind of one who penetrates into this remarkable spot, a wonderful
and extraordinary effect of perfect and entire stillness, as though, everything being
wrapped in so dense and so soft a covering, all sound and all possibility of sound were
stilled, deadened, and annihilated.

Just where the rock and tree-belt meet the base of the cliff is a very narrow strip
of quite distinct vegetation, so distinct, indeed, that we might almost regard it as a
distinct belt, which we might call the bramble-belt. The ground there is covered by a
dense thicket of bramble-bushes (Rubus guianensis, Focke [No. 106]), in general appear-
ance altogether like English blackberry -bushes. Among this were large masses of the
South- American form, appearing very similar to the English form, of the common
Bracken, Pteris aquiUna, L. There, too, were many little bushes of Marcetia taxifolia,
very strongly suggestive of English heath, and there, also, was a flowering Laurustinus
(Viburnum glabratum., H. B. K. [No. 220]), curiously like the familiar plant of our gardens.
To me, after my long stay in the tropics, the whole scene suddenly seemed very home-
like and pleasant. But the next minute, as I turned in another direction, the illusion
was dispelled by the sight of great thickets of palms (Qeonoma Appuniana) and a few
singly standing and very stately tree-ferns.

Up from the bramble-belt, passing obliquely up the cliff face, ran the ledge by which

OBSERVED DURING THE RORA1MA EXPEDITION. 207

we ascended to the top of Roraima. The lower part of the ledge, for perhaps two
thirds of its length, is wide, much broken, and very uneven. This part is somewhat
irregularly bush-covered. Then the continuity of the ledge is suddenly almost broken
by a deep ravine, a part of the rock having been worn away by a stream which falls on
to it from the eliff above. The ravine thus made is almost bare of vegetation. Above,
the ledge slopes somewhat steeply, but evenly, i'rom the point where it commences again
to the to}), and this part of it is covered by a dwarf vegetation never more than two
or three feet high.

The shrubs on the part of the ledge below the ravine seem to be generally much the
same as on the forest slope ; but among these a few new ones appear. Among the latter
were the very beautiful Drimys granatensis, Mutis [No. 242], with its very beautiful
white flowers, like pendent wood-anemones, a new and beautiful Microlicia (Microlicia
brijanthohles, Oliver, n. sp. [No. 239]), and several more species of Psychotria [Nos. 191,
291]. There, too, was an abundance of the Lisianthus [No. 188] already mentioned, and
of TJtricularia Campbelliaiia.

At the bottom of the ravine into which the stream falls the rocks are bare but for a
large number of a pretty white-flowered Myrtus (31. stenophylla, Oliv., n. sp.
[No. 321]), which, met with nowhere else, was growing abundantly in the spray of the
falling water.

Beyond this ravine, on the upper part of the ledge, the true botanical paradise
began. The main vegetation is formed of Brocchmia cordylinoides, Baker (in the axils
of the leaves of which grows TJtricularia Hiimboldtii), Abolboda Sceptrum, Oliv., and
Stegolepis guianensis, Klotzsch [No. 338]. Among these were a great many plants
entirely new to me and of most striking beauty. Many of these were shrubby, but of
so diminutive a character as to be strictly alpine. Of these, by far the most beautiful
was a wonderful heath-like plant, with dark green-leaved stems, stout and sturdy, but
yet seeming almost overweighted by their great load of intensely vivid crimson star-like
flowers. This plant [No. 308] Professor Oliver has identified as a Ledolhamnus, possibly
a variety of L. guianensis, Meissner, but of much more slender form than is attributed
to that plant in Martius's Fl. Brasil. vii. 172.

Another shrublet, in character recalling the " Alpine rose " (Rhododendron ferrugi-
neum), bore even more disproportionately large flowers, of an exquisite pink colour. It
was a Befaria, approaching B. resinosa, Mutis [No. 310]. Other tiny shrubs were a
white, feather-flowered Wewmarmia ( W. glabra, L. fil., var. [No. 214]), a myrtle (31. n. sp.
aff. myricoidi, H. B. K. [No. 189]), yet another species of Psychotria (P. imThurniana,
Oliver, n. sp. [No. 103]), a Baccharis (B. Vitis-Idcea, Oliver, n. sp. [No. ^41]), and a
Vaccinium (V . floribundum ? H. B. K. [No. 329]). On most of these tiny shrubs was
growing an appropriately tiny Misseltoe, Phoradendron Eoraimce, Oliver, n. sp. [No. 323],
a miniature of an English plant. Among all these, many other interesting plants
occurred. There grew, in far greater luxuriance and size than below, the pitcher-
plant, Heliamphora nutans, Benth. [No. 258]; also great masses of two species of Xyris,
X. Fontanesiana, Kunth [No. 257], and X. witsenioides, Oliv., n. sp. [No. 240], the latter
very striking and curious by reason of the Witsenia-\ike habit of their dark green-leaved

2 s 2

268

MR. E. F. IM THURN ON THE PLANTS

stems, with pretty star-like yellow flowers. Lastly, I found a plant with a flower which,

because of its form and colour, I at first sight mistook for a fritillary, like our " Snake's-

head " (F. meleagris) ; but it was a new Lisianthiis, which Professor Oliver has named

L. imThurniamis, Oliv., n. sp. [No. 306]. There grew many small but pretty and

bright-coloured orchids — two new species of Fpidendrum (E. montigenum, Ridley, n. sp.

[No. 322], and another [No. 304]); also a plant of a new genus of Cryptangiese named by

Mr. Ridley Everardia (F. montana, Ridley [No. 335]).

So the vegetation of the ledge continued to the top, and indeed actually extended

over the top (woodcut, fig. 3).

Fig. 3.

View at the point of entrance of the plateau on the top of Roraima.

The general effect of the vegetation of Roraima, fitly rivalling in this respect the

marvellously strange geological aspect of the place, is so strange as to be very difficult of

precise description. It occupies more or less wide tracts, generally almost level,

between the bare flat rocks and the groups of piled rocks which occupy the greater part

of the plateau. In such places it forms a dense carpet of vegetation, which is generally

but a few inches, never more than a couple of feet, in height, except where, from

its general level, rise a few scattered individuals of the one shrub of any conspicuous

height, Bonnetia Foraimce, Oliv., n. sp. [No. 330] — and that was never more than

from 30 to 40 inches in height — or the many and very remarkable flower-stems of

Abolboda Sceptrvm, Oliv. [No. 312], which, to my great delight, at that height still

bore its beautiful blooms, the appearance of which I have already described. Through

this carpet of vegetation ran many small streams ; and even in other places much water

everywhere saturated the turf. A very few small plants also grew in the crevices of the

piledrocks, which otherwise were bare of vegetation.

OBSERVED DURING THE RORAIMA EXPEDITION. 269

The chief constituents of this turf-like vegetation were vast quantities of a new species
of Papal an thus (P. Roraima}, Oliv., n. sp. [No. 294]), and great masses of S/ihoguum-liku
mosses. In the latter grew, in such ahundance as to redden the ground, the pretty little
Sundew (Drosera communis, A. St.-H. [No. 313]). Groups of very luxuriant Pitcher-
plants (Ileliamphora) were there also. Great quantities of tiny shrubs, of alpine character,
interwove their branches with each other and with the mosses ; among these were
We'mmannia guianensis, Klotzsch [No. 327], Marcetia juniperina, DC. [No. 319], Psy-
chotria concinna, Oliv., n. sp. Baccliaris [No. 241], Ledolhamuus [No. 308], Befaria
[No. 310], Vacciniiim [Nos. 326, 329], Pernettya [No. 333, ex parte], and Gaultheria
[No. 332]. The small Epidendra, as on the ledge, were here too, as was also the tiny
Misseltoe (Phoradendron [No. 323]) and the Fritillary-like Lisianthits [No. 306].

A beautiful Tofieldia (T. Schomburgkiana, Oliv., n. sp. [No. 297]) and the somewhat
similar Nietneria corymbosa, Kl. & Sch. [No. 298], with large yellow flowers, were
conspicuous.

In the crevices of the rocks the vegetation was different. There was a very beautiful
TJtricularia (TJ. montcma? Jacq. [No. 293]), larger and deeper in colour, but slightly less
graceful, than TJ. CampbeUiana, and there were three species of fern. One of these
latter was a very stunted form of Lindsay a striata, Dryand. [No. 301], which, in its
ordinary form, is common in many parts of Guiana. The other two were absolutely new
— one a Eymeiwphyllum, which Mr. Baker has named H. defectum, Baker, n. sp., [No.
318] ; the other a Gymnogramma ( G. cyclophylla, Baker, n. sp. [No. 295], a second species
of the same group of this genus to which belongs G. elapltoglossoides, Baker, n. sp.,
[Nos. 101, 215], found on the lower slopes of Roraima. Only one other species of this
very distinct group is known, and that has been found in the Amazon valley.

I have now briefly noticed the most striking plants which we met with on Roraima ;
but, before closing this paper, there are one or two points which I wish, finally, to set
down in order.

First, as to Brocchinia cordylinoides, Baker ; this is only known to occur on the
Kaieteur savannah and on Roraima, but in the latter place apparently only above a
height of 5500 feet. There is a remarkable difference of vigour in the habit of the plant
at these two places respectively. After seeing a large number of individuals of the plant
at both places, it is obvious that at the Kaieteur it attains a much greater size and forms
a much taller stem ; and, if I may judge from the comparative abundance or scarcity of
flower-stalks, it seems to flower much more freely at the Kaieteur than on Roraima.
A possible explanation of some of these facts seems to be that the position and the
circumstances that it finds on Roraima, are beneficial to the plant ; that the most impor-
tant of these circumstances of its existence is an atmosphere, like that of Roraima or of
the Kaieteur, so saturated with moisture as to effect the constant replenishment of the
large quantity of water retained in the leaf -axils of the plant ; and that the plant having
found its way to the Kaieteur (which, though much below the proper level, is atmospheri-
cally so peculiarly suited for it), it has taken root there and, in its new surroundings of
higher temperature, has there developed a new vigour. Lastly, as regards this plant, I
cannot refrain from once more alluding to its possible, even probable, distribution in the
other widely scattered distinct areas already enumerated.

Closely connected with the Brocchinia is TJtricularia Humboldt ii. Like the Brocchinia,

270 ON THE PLANTS OBSERVED DURING THE RORAIMA EXPEDITION.

this plant grows both at the Kaieteur and on Roraima ; but at the former station it
apparently always grows floating in the water retained in the leaf -axils of the Brocchinia,
while on Rorairna it grows abundantly with its roots in the ground, and only very rarely
in close association with the Brocchinia. The Roraima plant is, moreover, far more
beautiful, its flowers are of a far more intense colour, than is the Kaieteur plant ; this
latter circumstance is possibly mostly due to the greater vigour which the plant displays
when its roots are in the ground. I have already alluded to the occurrence of a very
similar Utricnlaria on the Organ Mountains, associated with a huge Bromeliad, just as
it is at the Kaieteur with the Brocchinia.

Next, the two other large-flowered species of Utricnlaria from Roraima claim notice,
U. Campbellicma has already been described. It occurs abundantly, but apparently
only on the forest-slope and for some distance from this up the cliff.

The other species, U. montana, Jacq., aff. [No. 293], appears to occur only in crevices in
the rocks on the summit. U. montana has been previously recorded from the West
Indies, Colombia, and Peru. The two species, though somewhat alike in general
character, are, at a second glance, evidently very distinct. TJ. Campbelliana is altogether
a more delicate plant ; its leaves are much smaller, rounder, and its stems are shorter ;
its bladders are disk-shaped. The other species is altogether a stouter plant, with longer-
stalked strap-shaped leaves and with spindle-shaped bladders.

To one other set of plants I should here like to call attention. These are represented
from among the plants collected during the Roraima expedition by two species of Epi-
dendrnni (E. Schomburgkii, Lindley [No. 13], and E. elongatum, Jacq. [No. 42]). These
seem to me to be plants, from the dry rocky ground of the interior of the country, which
correspond more or less closely with three forms, in a fresh state evidently very distinct,
but of which dried herbarium specimens have all been classed under the one name of
E. imatophyllum, and all three of which occur on trees near the coast. Of these coast-
forms, the most distinct is one of constantly bifloral character, which occurs low down on
trees overhanging the brackish water at the estuaries of the rivers ; another, occurring on
the tops of bushes slightly higher up the rivers, is, in general facies and in colour, very
similar to the typical E. Schomburgkii ; and the third, occurring in similar positions, but
more sparingly, more nearly approaches in facies E. elongatum, but is constantly of a
peculiar scarlet colour. The two last-mentioned forms, unlike any of the others, are in-
variably associated with ants, either because these creatures prefer to make their nests in
the roots of the plants, or because the seeds of the plants find their most suitable nidus,
and germinate, in the ants' nests.

[Note.— The following determinations and descriptions of new plants were expressly drawn up for
publication in tlic ' Transactions of the Linnean Society/ a confidential copy being given to Mr. E. P.
im Thurn to help him in writing the foregoing Introduction. During the delay required to prepare the
accompanying Plates, Mr. im Thurn has taken the unprecedented course of printing the whole of the
unrevised draft, at Demerara, in ' Timehri, the Journal of the Royal Agricultural and Commercial
Society of British Guiana,' vol. v. pp. 145-223 (Dec. 1886), thus forestalling the present publication. —
Sec. L. S.]

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM KORAlMA. 271

II. List of the Species of Plants collected, and Determmations of those
that are new. By Prof. Oliver, F.R.S., F.L.S.

242. DltlMYS granatensis, Mutis. Ledge.
40. Gtjatteria. In (he absence of fruit, may be referred to G. Ouregou, Dun.
Arapoo 11.
258. Heliamphora nutans, Benth. 5400 ft. and top.
96, 151. Saitvagesia erecta, L. forma. 5400 ft,

309. Leitgebia imTherniana, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plato XXXVII A. figs. 1-8); floribus
distincte pedicellatis, coronse squamulis oblongo-spathulatis antberis sequilongis v.
longioribus. — lloraima : ledge and summit.

Caulis plus minus vamosus, pennse corvinse crassitio. Folia imbricata, coriacea, oblan-
ceolata, acutiuscula, apicem vei-sus utrinque 2-3-crenato-denticulata, glabra, oblique
nervosa, ^ poll, longa ; stipulse scariosse, fimbriatae. Mores ad apices ramulorum, -|-| poll,
diam., pedicello ^ poll, longo, 2-3-bracteolato, bracteolis anguste linearibus, stipulatis,
stipulis lineari-subulatis longe ciliatis. Sepala lineari-laueolata, acuta, rigidiuscula, \ poll,
longa. Petala obovata, integra, ^ poll, longa. Corona basi filamentis coalita, squamulis
5 obtusis, coloratis. Ovarium glabrum, in stylum attenuatum.

Allied to L. guianensis, Eicbl., but much more slender, with the flowers distinctly
pedicellate, and the coronal squamae equal to or overtopping the anthers.

26. Polygala hygrophila, H. B. K. Arapoo B,.
97. P. longicaulis, H. B. K. 5400 ft.
252. P., an P. variabilis, H. B. K. var. ? 5400 ft.
79. Qtjalea Schombtjrgkiana, Warm. ? By Teroota.

337. Moronobea intermedia, Engl., sp. nov. ; ramidorum internodiis brevibus ; foliis
crassis, valde coriaceis, concoloribus, obovato-oblongis, in petiolum brevem canalicu-
latum angustatis, nervis lateralibus numerosis, paten tibus, subtus paullum prominulis;
floribus breviter pedicellatis, sepalis 5 suborbicularibus, cinerascentibus ; petalis quam
sepala circ. sexies longioribus ; staminum phalangibus 5-andris, superne tantum
leviter spiraliter tortis, petala fere requantibus ; ovario oblongo-ovoideo in stylum
duplo breviorem stigmate 5-fldo coronatum attenuato.
Boraima.
Omnino intermedia inter Moronobeam ripariam et Jloronoberun Jewmcmni, a priori non

nisi foliis paullo majoribus et nervis minus prominulis, ab altera floribus duplo minoribus,

ab utraque phalangibus andrcecei minus tortis diversa. — Engler.

72. Marcgraavia coriacea, V.?, vel umbellata, L. (imperfect). Near house,

5400 ft.
11. Bonnetia sessilis, Benth. Between Ireng and Cotinga R.
Label misplaced or missing. B. paniculata, Spreng. ?

272 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

330. Bonnetia RoRAiMiE, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XXXVII. B. figs. 9-17) ; foliis coriaceis,
parvis, oblanceolatis v. obovato-oblongis, obtusiusculis, apicem versus obscure denticu-
latis, eveniis, brevissime crassiuscule petiolatis ; floribus ad apices ranmlorum sessilibus
bracteatis ; sepalis late ellipticis, obtusis, breviter apiculatis, ciliolatis ; petalis calyce
longioribus cuueato-obovatis, truncatis v. leviter eraarginatis ; filanientis brevibus,
basi iu plialangibus 5 coalitis ; antberis obovato-turbinatis, ernargiuatis ; ovario iu
stylum crassiusculum apice 3-fidum angustato.

Summit of Roraima.

Polia conferta, imbricata, 4-7 lin. longa. Plores §— | poll. diam.

A very distinct species, of which our material is rather imperfect.

8. Mahurea existipttlata, Benth. Aroie Creek.
288. Ternstrcemiacea ? (inadequate). Path to upper savannah.

22. Sida linlfolia, Cav. Arapoo R.
130. Btrsonima crassifolia, H. B. K., var. ? Near house.
136. Tetrapteris ? (no fruit). Near house.

255. Tetrapteris rhodopteron, Oliv., sp. nov. ; ramulis appresse sericeis ; foliis petio-
latis, obovato- v. oblanceolato-ellipticis, breviter apiculatis, basi cuneatis, utrinque
tomentello-pubescentibus, supra glabrescentibus; racemis folio brevioribus, sericeis;
bracteis brevissimis, ovatis, bracteolis medio pedicelli insertis, obovatis v. late ellip-
ticis, bractea majoribus ; calyce 10-glanduloso, sericeo ; samara? alis lateralibus a
basi divaricatis, coriaceis, nervosis, glabris, rubescentibus, obtusis, integris v. in-
terdum insequaliter dentatis.

Roraima.

Polia 2J-3 poll, longa, 1^-1^ poll, lata : petiolus J-J poll, longus. Bracteola? gemi-
nate, rb— i poll, longa?. Samara alis longioribus | poll, longis.

211. Ravenia ruellioides, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XXXVIII. A. figs. 1-6) ; ramulis
appresse pubescentibus ; foliis unifoliolatis, petiolatis, ovalibus, utrinque attenuatis v.
basi obtusis, apice obtusiusculis, nervo medio utrinque cum petiolo appresse pubes-
cente ; pedunculis inaxillis superioribus 2-vel 1-floris ; sepalis 2 exterioribus majoribus,
ovatis v. oblongo-ovatis ; petalis longe coalitis, tubo corolla? calyce 1-5-plo longiore,
leviter curvato ; lobis ovatis lanceolatisve ; antberis 2 fertilibus, basi appendiculatis.
Roraima, upper slope.

Polia 1|-2| poll, longa, 5-12 lin. lata ; nervis subtus obliquis, prominulis ; petiolo 2-
3 lin. longo. Plores 1-1^ poll, longi ; corolla sericea. Calyx sepalis exterioribus -5-J
poll. longis. Antherse appendicibus brevibus, reflexis, obtusis, obovatis v. truncatis.

Closely simulating some Acanthacea, with its opposite, simple (unifoliolate) leaves, and
long curved corolla-tube, sheathed at the base by the unequal sepals. The reflexed, some-
what fleshy appendage at the base of the perfect anthers has not, I believe, been observed
in the two other described species of the genus.

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 273

15. Fruiting specimen, leafless, of a Pcecilandra ?, and flowering specimen of Gomphia
guyanensis ( Ouratea, Aubl.) ? Arapoo R.

75. Ilex Macotjcotja, Tims, forma ? 3500 ft.
107, 331. Ilex retusa, Kl. 5400 ft. and ledge.

35. Cyrilla anttu.axa, Michx. Arapoo R.
331. Cyrilla antillaxa, var. brevifolia. Top.

21. Rhynciiosia Schomburgkii, Benth. Arapoo R.

67. Swartzia, sp. nov. 5000 ft.

73. Dipteryx reticulata, Benth. ? (type is too imperfect to be quite sure). Kooke-
naam R.

71. Cassia Roraijle, Benth. Arapoo 11.
39. Dimorphandra macrostachya, Benth. Arapoo valley.
100. Rubus guyanensis, Focke (ex descr.). "_E. Schomburgkii, Klotzsch." Base of

Cliff.
241, 321. Weinmannia glabra, L.f., var. ? near W. humilis, Engl., but with longer

pedicels. Ledge and top.
327. Weinmannia guianensis, Klotzsch. Top.
313. Drosera communis, A. St.-Hil. var. ? Top.

32-1. Myrtus stenophylla, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XXXIX. A. figs. 1-9) ; ramosissima,

ramulis ultimis gracilibus papilloso-scabridis, foliis patenti-recurvis anguste ovalibus
v. lineari-oblongis acutiusculis basi in petiolum angustatis glabris, pedunculis
folio brevioribus unifloris axillaribus recurvis apice bibracteolatis, bracteolis
linearibus calycis tubo obovoideo obsolete puberulo longioribus, lobis calycis
oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis tubo subaequalibus petalis dimidio brevioribus,
ovario 3-loculari, ovula in loculis plurima, bacca subglobosa, seminibus reniforiuibus.

Fall on ledge of Roraima, 7500 ft.

Folia circ. ^ poll, longa, §— § lin. lata ; petiolus 1 lin. longus.

189. Myrtus, sp. nov., aff. 31. myricoidi, H. B. K. Top and upper slope.

74. Myrcia (Aulomyrcia) Roraima, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XXXVIII. B. figs. 7-13) ;
ramulis teretibus pilosulo-puberulis glabrescentibus cineraceis, foliis pallidis
obovato-ellipticis v. late oblanceolatis obtusis basi cuneatis subtus in nervo
obsolete pilosulo, supra demum nitentibus, paniculis pedunculatis axillaribus et
subterminalibus, pedunculis pauce pilosulis folio brevioribus v. subsequilongis,
floribus breviter pedicellatis, pedicellis pubescentibus calycis tubo turbinato glabro
saepius brevioribus, lobis calycinis brevibus late rotundatis.

Roraima, 3500 ft.

Folia 1-1 J poll, longa, J— § poll, lata, vernatione supra parce pilosula ; petiolus 1^-2
lin. longus. Paniculfe cymosae 1^-2 poll, longse.

82. Myrcia aff. M. KegeHance, Berg. 3500 ft.

68. Marcetia taxifolia, DC. (ex Tr.), an M. cordigera, DC. ? Folia ovata basi cordata,
marginibus late recurvis. 5400 ft.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. IT. 2 T

274 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

174. Meissneria microlicioides, NaucL, 31. cordifolia, Benth., 5400 ft.

239. Microlicia bryanthoides, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XXXIX. B. figs. 10-18) ; fruti-
culosa ut videtur fastigiatim ramosa, glabra, ramulis ultimis foliiferis acute tetragonis
internodiis folio 3-6-plo brevioribus, foliis patulis lineari- vel oblongo-ovalibus
obtusiusculis brevissirne petiolatis, floribus solitariis breviter pedicellatis ad apices
ramulorum 5-roeris, lobis calycinia ovato-lanceolatis tubo fere requilongis persis-
tentibus, antheris majoribus connectivo producto subaequilongis.
Boraima, ledge 6500 ft.
Folia \~. I poll, longa, yV P°N- lata- Flores J-f poll. diam. Capsula calyce persis-

tente vestita f poll, longa, lobis calycis (temp, fruct.) erectis deltoideo-subulatis rigidis.

59. Pterolepis lasiophylla, Tr.

20. Pleroma tibottchinum, Tr. (Tibonchina aspera, Aubl.). Arapoo B.
319. Marcetia jttniperina, DC. Top.

89. Centronia crassiramis, Tr. 5750 ft.
216, 305. MonocHxETUM Bonplandii ?, Naud. Upper slope and top.
277. Oxtmeris aff. 0. glanduliferce, Tr. (Facies 3Iiconice pauperulce, Naud. ?) Path to
upper savannah.
Closely resembles the above Miconia, but our specimen is not good.
256. Miconia Fothergilla, Naud. House.
223. Miconia, sp. (inadequate). Path.
30, 70. Miconia decussata, Don. Arapoo B.
222. Meriania? aff. 31. sclerophijllce, Tr. (Imperfect.) Forest slope, 6000 ft.

2. Cuphea gracilis, H. B. K., var. media.

4. Passiflora foztida, L., var. Konkarmo.

84. Passiflora, sp., e sect. Murucuice (ut videtur). Folia petiolata, petiolis pollicaribus
apice utroque latere glandula majuscula circulari prseditis, laminis 4|-5 poll, long.,
2^ poll, lat., glabris subtus glaucescentibus subcoriaceis late ovato-oblongis acutis

basi rotundatis, raro arcuatim nervosis Pedunculi foliis subsequilongi

apice racemosi Alabastra cylindrato-oblonga acutiuscula. Floris tubus elon-

gatus, obconicus. Sepala petalaque, ut videtur, brevia oblonga obtusa vel rotundata.
Corona faucialis e ligulis petaloideis brevibus constaus . . . Gynandrophorum gracile
.... caet. desunt. — 31. T. Masters.
Boraima.

110. Passiflora, sp., e sect, Astropliece ? Fruticosa cirrosa, Folia breve petiolata,

petiolis sub | poll, long., laminis 2| poll, long., H poll, lat., coriaceis glabris

raro arcuatim venosis oblongis basi apiceque rotundatis. . . . Cirri simplices. . . .

Bractese Alabastra oblonga obtusa. Floris tubus brevis tubulato-campanulatus

basi baud intrusus. Sepala 5-6 lin. longa oblonga obtusa navicularia extus tomen-
tosa intus maculis linearibus purpureis verrucisque albidis notatis. Petala sepalis
conformia parum breviora tenuiora, membranacea, albida maculis purpureis minimis

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 275

crebris obsita. Corona f'aucialis biserialis, seizes extirua e liyulis petalia sequi-
longis potaloideis, purpureo-maculatis, dolabriformibus, a pice obliquis et in acumen
longiuseulum tortum prolatis, series intima e filis numerosis prsecedentibus dimidio
brevioribus, capitatellatis. Corona mediana e tubo versus medium assurgens basi
membranacea, apiee in iila brevia divisa. Corona infra mediana e tubo versus
basin emergens annularis, subcarnosa margine defiexa. Tubi i'acies interna, inter
coronas, processubus parvis raembranaceis ut videtur dense obsita. . . . ctet. desunt.
Gynandropborum basi ut videtur quinquangulum, angulis anguste alatis, supra
medium tumidum ibique puberulum. Antberae oblongse obtusaj flavidoe. Ovarium
ut videtur oblongum angulatum longitudinaliter costatum puberulum. Stigmata
majuscula reniformia. — M. T. Masters.
Roraima.

141. Begonia tovarensis, Klotzscb, var. ? ; fructibus breviter alatis. ITouse.

ARALIACEiE. By M. E. Marcual.

Crepinella, nov. gen. Flores hermapbroditi. Calycis margo brevis obsolete 4-dentatus.

Petala 4 valvata. Stamina tot quot petala, sub disco epigyno explanato superne in

stylum sulcatum abeunte inserta, filamentis brevibus et antberis ovatis. Ovarium

1-loculare, 1-ovulatum, ovulo pedulo. Fructus ignotus.

Frutex (?) glaber. Folia digitata. Flores in umbellas compositas terminales digesti.

Bractese parvae squamiformes. Pedicelli sub flore continui.

Notwithstanding tbe absence of fruit, tbe genus Crepinella is very different from otber
Araliacea? witb 1-celled, 1-ovuled ovary, differing from Eremopanax, Baillon, Ciiphocarpus,
Decne. & Naud., and Mastixia, Blume, in its digitate leaves and umbellate tetramerous
flowers.

Dedicated to Mons. Crepin, Director of tbe Botanic Gardens, Brussels.

162. Crepixella gracilis, Marcb., n. sp. (Plate XL. figs. 1-6) ; foliis 5-natis, petioln
sulcato basi abrupte dilatato, foliolis breviter petiolulatis, ovato-ellipticis, apice
obtusis vel marginatis, basi acutiusculis, margine integerrimis sive revolutis, perga-
maceis, costa infra pi'ominente, umbellulis longiuscule pedunculatis, 8-12-fioris,
pedunculo gracili profunde sulcato superne incrassato ; floribus minutis pedicello basi
bracteolato 4-plo brevioribus, calycis tubo obconico, 8-sulcato, corolla bemispba3i'ica
acutiuscula sulcata, petalis ellipticis, apice levitcr incrassatis incurvis, nervia extus

impressa notatis, stylo gracili latitudiuem disci vix a3quante, fructu

Boraima.

Rami supremi graciles. Petiolus communis circ. 5 cm. longus. Petioluli 6-10 mill.

longi. Foliola 4-5 cm. longa atque 3 cm. lata. Pedicelli 5-7 mill, longi.

128. Sciadophyli/um coriaceum, Marcb., nov. sp. (Plate XLT. figs. 1-8) ; infiorescentiis
foliisque subtus tomcnto adpresso subferrugineo demum bine inde deterso vestitis,

2t2

276 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

foliis digitatis, 5-7-natis, foliolis ellipticis, apice rotunclatis v. ssepius leviter emar-
ginatis basi acutiusculis inargme integerrimis anguste revolutis crassiusculis coriaceis,
supra denudatis, reticulo nervorum densiusculo infra valde prominente, floribus in
umbellas duas compositas superpositasque digestis, unibellulis numerosis, 9-12-floris,
pedunculo compresso elongato superne dilatato, radiis nliformibus basi bracteolatis,
calycis limbo minute 5-dentato, corolla bemispbaerica acutiuscula, petalis apice
cohasrentibus demum a basi secedentibus, staminum filamentis brevibus, stylis in
unum sulcatum 5-fidutn latitudinem disci epigyni vix sequantern concretis f ructu. . . .

Roraima.

Allied to Sciadophyllum japurense, Mart, et Zucc, but differing in leaves, inflorescence,
and style.

Arbor. Rami supremi 2 cm. crassi. Petiolus communis 20 cm. longus. Petioli 2-4 cm.
longi. Poliola 11-13 cm. longa atque 4-5 cm. lata. Pedicelli 5-8 mill, longi.

220. Viburnum glabratum, H. B. K. Base of cliff.

134. Coccocypselum canescens, Willd., var. House.

6. Kotchub;ea (Synisoon Schomburgkianum, Baill.). Aroie Creek.
69. Declieuxia chiococcoides, H. B. K. House.
29. Sipanea pratensis, Aubl. Arapoo R.

135. Cephaelis axillaris ?, Sw. House ; upper slope.

83. Psychotria inundata, Bentb. 3500 ft. Upper slope.
145, 232. Psychotria crassa, Bentb. ? House. Upper slope.
185. Psychotria, sp. ( = Scbombk. 1018 B and Appun. 1103). Upper slope.

163, 320. Psychotria Imthurniana, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XLII. A. figs. 1-7.) Glaber-
rima ; ramulis gracilibus internodiis rectis subteretibus, foliis subsessilibus anguste vel
lineari-lanceolatis acuminatis basi obtusissimis subeordatisve, costa proininula,
nervis secundariis utrinque circ. 10-15 incurvis prominulis nervum marginalem attin-
gentibus cum venulis intermediis, stipulis basi connatis deltoideo-subulatis brevibus,
cymis terminalibus pedunculatis 9-15-fioris laxiusculis bracteis obsoletis, calycis
limbo 4-dentato dentibus deltoideis, corollaa tubo cyliudrico limbo 2-plo longiore.
Roraima, upper slope and ledge, 7000 ft.
Polia tenuiter eoriacea flavescentia, lf-2J poll, longa, J-f poll. lata. Plores 2-2J lin.

longi ; corollas limbus 2-2| lin. diam., lobis ovatis obtusis, tubo intus piloso. Ovarium

biloculare.

191, 214. Psychotria, sp. (Imperfect.) Upper slope and path.
291. Psychotria ? sp. Path to upper savannah.

Psychotria concinna, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XLII. B. figs. 8-15.) Glaberrima,
ramulis gracilibus atro-purpureis, foliis petiolatis parvis coriaceis ovalibus acutis v.
acutiusculis, supra costa subprominula nervis lateralibus obsoletis, subtus costa pro-
minente nervis secundariis utroque latere 7-10 prominulis patentim curvatis nervum

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 277

marginalem attiugentibus, stipulis libcris (utrinquc geniinatis) e basi crassiuscula
erectis subulatis rigidiusoulis, floribus in eymis paucifloris parvis breviter peduncu-

latis terminalibus dispositis, pedicellis brevissimis, calycis lobis minutis ovatis,
corolla) tubo recto gracili glabro iutus medium versus pilosulo supenie leviter
dilatato, lobis brevibus ovatis.

Iloraima, ledge 6500 ft. and summit.

Folia 7-12 lin. longa, |-^ poll, lata ; petiolus 1-li lin. longus. Cymse 5-8-florae.
Corolla 6-7 lin. longa (lobi 1 lin.).

66. Palicourea riparia ?, Bentb., forma angustifolia.
85. Palicourea riglda, Kuntb.

90. Relbunium ( = Schombk. 646, 984 (3). 5400 ft.

23. EUPATORIUM AMYGDALINUM, DC. ArapOO P.

No label. Eupatoritth, sp. ? (not identified).
95. Eupatoritjm conyzoides, Vabl, var. 5400 ft.

91. Mikania pannosa, Baker. 5400 ft.

16. Pectis elongata, H. B. K. AVai-ireng P.

241, 325. Bacciiaris Vitis-Idea, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XLIII. A. figs. 1-8) ; ramulis
ultimis puberulis, foliis orebris tenuiter coriaceis oblanceolatis obtusis apice 1-3-5-
mucronatis in petiolum basi cuneatim angustatis glabris, capitulis campanulato-
bemispbasricis 15-20-floris in corymbis terminalibus ssepius sessilibus dispositis,
involucri bracteis paueiseriatis, interioribus (in cap. 2 ) scariosis anguste lineari-
oblongis deciduis, pappo albido.
Poraima, ledge 7300 ft. and summit.

Folia |— 1 poll, longa, 3-4J liu. lata. Capitula 4-i poll. diam. ; bracteis exterioribus
ovatis v. ovato-lanceolatis plus minus scariosis margine apicem versus sgepe denticulatis
v. minute fimbriatis (in invol. d ut videtur obtusioribus). Acba^nia lineam longa
angulata glabrata ; pappus acha3nio longior, setis circ. 30 minute barbellatis.
Resembles some forms of B. ligustrina, DC.

328. Baccharis aff. B. cassinicefolia, DC, an var. ?

63. ACHYROCLINE FLACCIDA, DC. 4000 ft.

250. Gxaphalium spicatum, Lam. 5400 ft.
86. Verbesina guianensis, Baker. 5400 ft.

27. Calea ternifolia, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XLIII. B. figs. 9-16.) Suffrutex scaber,
foliis ternatis ellipticis v. ovato- v. obovato-lanceolatis breviter petiolatis late acutatis
utrinque apicem versus 1-3-dentatis supra scabris subtus pra3cipue in costa nervisque
setulosis, capitulis circ. 30-floris bomogamis pedunculatis ad apices ramuloruin
umbcllatim dispositis, involucri squamis exterioribvis berbaceis ovatis v. ovato-
oblongis capitula brevioribus, squamis interioribus rigidiusculis late oblongis obtusis
striatis, paleis concavis obtusis superne leviter dilatatis, ovariis parce setulosis paleis
pappi acuminato-subulatis brevioribus.

278 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

Arapoo River.

Folia rigida f-lf poll, longa, 5-8 lin. lata ; petiolus ad 1 lin. longus. Umbellse 3-5-
cephalae, pedunculis hispidulis capitulis ssepe paullo longioribus. Capitula late cam-
panulata f poll, longa atque lata.

247. Erechthites hleraciifolia, Raf. 5400 ft.

10. Stifftia condensata, Baker. Near Waetipoo M.
314, 346. Centropogon l^evigatus, A. DC, var. ? Ledge 5400 ft.

77. C. surinamensis, Presl ? 3500 ft.

56. Psammisia ? sp. (inadequate). 5400 ft.

49. Psammisia, with glabrous smooth purple-brown stem, ovate-oblong, shortly apiculate
quintuplinerved leaves of 4 to 6 in., and contracted umbelliform racemes of flowers
1 in. in length on pedicels of ^-f in. This is probably Schomburgk's nos. 670, 974,
of which corollas are wanting in our example. "Whether it be Klotzsch's P. guya-
nensis I cannot say.
Roraima, upper slope.

Under the same no. is apparently another Psammisia in early bud, with more broadly
elliptical leaves and acute calyx-segments.

109. Notopora Schomburgkii, Hook. f. 5400 ft.

243. Sophoclesia aff. S. sabscandenti (ovario glabro). Ledge 7300 ft.

329. (333?). Vaccinium, an V. floribundum, H. B. K. ? (V. poly stachy urn, Benth.).

Top and ledge.
326 365. Vaccinium, an V. floribundum, H. B. K., var.? Top.

308. Ledothamnus guyanensis, Meissner in Mart. Fl. Bras. vii. 172. (Plate XLIV. A.
figs. 1-6.) 172. Var. minor ; foliis minoribus imbricatis acutis ciliolatis, fioribus
sessilibus v. subsessilibus, filamentis anthera 3-5-plo longioribus.
Roraima, upper part of ledge and summit.

Possibly a distinct species, but, as our Schomburgk specimens are more advanced and
scarcely in a comparable state, it is better left as above for the present. The leaves are
only about 2^ lines long (in the type 4 lines), minutely setulose-ciliolate. Flowers 1 to
lj in. in diameter, of vivid crimson. In our type the flowers are on pedicels, of | to 1 in.r
but these may perhaps elongate after flowering.

Label missing. Befaria guianensis, Klotzsch.

310. Befaria aff. B. resinosce, Mutis (sepalis obtusioribus). (2 forms.) Top.
With no. 333. Pernettya, near P. parvifolia, Benth., and allies (in fruit).
103. Gaultheria cordifolia, H. B. K. 5400 ft.
332. Gaultheria aff. G. vestitce, Benth. (pedicellis longioribus). Top.
137. Lucuma rigida, Mart. & Eichl. 5400 ft.
108. Grammadenia lineata, Benth. 5400 ft.
36. Ditassa taxifolia, Decne. Arapoo R.

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 270

155. Vincetoxicum (Ortiiosia) hirtellum, Oliv., sp. nov. ; volubile, caulc gracili pilis
brevibus subpatentibus liirto, foliis ovali-oblongis rigidiuseule apieulatis, marginibus
revolutis, supra hirtellis in sicco rugulosis, subtus prsecipue in costa pilis patentibus
birtis, cymis scssilibus v. brevissime pedunculatis pauci- v. pluri-iloris foliis brevi-
oribus, floribns subsessilibus v. pedicello calyce vix longiore, corolla? lobis angustis
intus hirsutis, coronse segmentis 5 basi in annulo brevissimo continuo insertis
lineari-lanceolatis gynostegium fere sequantibus, stigmate obtuso.

Roraima.

Folia §— | poll, longa ; petiolus -^ poll, longus v. brevior. Flores £ poll, longi

Very much resembles in general facies Ditassa pauciflora.

147. Nephradenia linearis, Bentb. ?
113. Curtia (Sclmebleria tenuifolia, Don). 5100 ft.
47. Lisianthus AMffiNUS, Miq. 5400 ft.

306. Lisianthus Imthurnianus, Oliv., sp. nov. Gracilis, glaberrirnus, caule inferne
folioso tcretiusculo internodiis folio brevioribus utrinque lineis elevatis duabus
notatis, foliis coriaceis obovatis ellipticisve obtusis v. obtusiusoulis niargine anguste
revolutis triplinerviis, pedunculoelongato cymis 3-2-floris, floribus longe pedunculatis,
calyce (j-§ poll, longo) 5-fido, lobis ovato-lanceolatis acutiusculis, corollas (2-poll.)
tubo leviter dilatato, limbi lobis oblongo-ovatis acutis, filamentis elongatis gracilibus
glabris inclusis, antheris oblongo-ellipsoideis inappendiculatis.
Roraima, ledge and summit.

Caulis 1-pedalis erectus v. basi decumbens. Folia §-f poll, longa, basi in petiolum
angustata, J~§ poll. lata. Pedunculus communis 3-6 poll, longus ; bractese superiores
lineares v. ovales. Discus hypogynus.

In our specimens tbe limb of the corolla looks as though it might remain straight or
even slightly incurved in flower.

188. Lisianthus aff. L. macmntho, sed calycis lobis acuminatis corollas tubum requan-
tibus. Upper slope.
3. Heliotropium aff. H. fruticoso, conf. H. strlctissinium = &c\\omh\i. 185, 2S3, and
573. Konkarmo.
24. Solanum, an S. Convolvulus, Seudtn. ? (inadequate). Arapoo R.

210. Melasma ? spathaceum, Oliv., sp. uov. ; scabrum, foliis snboppositis v. inferioribus
alternis brevissime petiolatis ovato-ellipticis basi rotundatis v. leviter cordatis
dentatis supra scabris, floribus pedunculatis in axillis superioribus pedunculis folio
suboequilongis apice bibracteolatis, bracteolis linearibus v. oblanceolatis basi
angustatis, calyce alabastro acuminato florifero antice fisso spathaceo, corolla exserta
leviter incurva tubo supcime leviter dilatato, limbi brevis lobis subasqualibus, lobo
postico truncato emarginato, latcralibus obtusissimis, antico obovato-rotundato
bifido.
Roraima, upper slope.

280 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

Hamuli retrorsurn hispiduli. Folia (exsicc. nigrescentia) f-lj poll, loiiga, 4-7 lin.
lata. Calyx 5-nervius, alabastro oblongo-ellipsoideus apice acuminatus, parce, pnecipue
in nervis, scabridus, 10-12 lin. longus. Corolla 1J poll, longa. Stamina inclusa
didynama ; filamenta glabra ; antherae sagittatoe glabrae dorsifixa3, loculis aequalibus basi
apiculatis. Ovarium glabrum.

I have bad too imperfect material to determine finally if this plant should be left in
Melasma, or regarded as the type of a new genus. There are no ripe fruits, and I should
like to be more confident about the form of the corolla-lobes and their aestivation.

129. Beyrichia ocymoides, Cham. Circ. 5400 ft.
43. Utricularia Humboldtii, Schombk. 5400 ft.

187. Utricularia (§ Orchidioides) Campbellianum, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XLIV. 13.
figs. 7-11) ; scapo gracili (l^-2^rpollicari) unifloro siepius squamis linearibus v.
lineari-lanceolatis remotis bracteiformibus instructo, foliis tenuibus obovatis obtusis
basi in petiolum angustatis, bracteis ternis ovatis v. oblongo-ellipticis pedicello
brevioribus v. aequilongis, calycis lobis ovato-cordatis ol)tusis, corolla3 labio superioi'e
brevi calycem vix superante, labio inferiore amplo rotundato integro, calcari gracili
cylindrico acutato incurvo labium corollae aequante.

Roraima (Schombtirgk), upper slope.

Folia cum petiolo \ poll, longa, lamina \-\ poll. lata. Calyx lobis 4-5 lin. longis
latisque. Corolla labio inferiore 1 poll. lato.

293. Utricularia aff. U. montance, Jacq. (V. nniflora, Ruiz & Pav.). Top.

78. Utricularia, an temtifolia, Benj. ? 3500 ft.
287. Gesneracea? In fruit only. Path to upper savannah.

64. Tabebuia Roraim^e, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XLV. figs. 1, 2) ; ramulis ultimis
puberulo- vel scabrido-lepidotis, foliis trifoliolatis foliolis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis
ssepe mucronulatis, lateralibus breviter petiolulatis, supra glabrata subtus cano-
lepidotis nervis conspicuis depresso-areolatis, racemis terminalibus pauci- v. plurifioris,
bracteis lineari-spathulatis scaberulis, pedicellis erectis bibracteolatis calyce
iufundibuliformi lepidoto-puberulo, lobis breviter ovato-rotundatis, corollas tubo
calyce triplo longiore infundibidiformi, limbi lobis patulis late rotundatis.
Roraima, 5000 ft.

Folia petiolata ; petiolus (in ramulis floriferis) 1-1^ poll, longus; foliola 2-3| poll,
longa, 10-16 lin. lata ; petiolulus centr. j-^ poll, longus. Flores 3|-4 poll, longi, limbo
2^-3 poll. lato.

14. Aphelandra pulcherrima ?, Kunth, v. A. tetragona, Nees. Ireng R.
81. Justicia, sp.,=Appun, 1387 (in part.). Kookenaam valley.

52. LlPPIA 8CHOMBURGKIANA, Schau.

1. Stachytarpheta mutabilis, Vahl. Konkarmo.
38. Hyptis arborka, Benth. Aiapoo R.

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 281

98, 249. HYPTIS LANTANiEFOLIA, Poit. 5100 ft.

111. Coccoloba Scuomburgkii, Meiss. 5400 ft.

139. Peperomia, not identified ; material scarcely adequate. 5400 ft.

140, 19G. PEPEBOMIA, an P. lenella, Dietr. ? 5400 ft., and upper slope.
224. Peperomia reflexa, Dietr. Upper slope.

219, 236. Hedyosmttm brasiliense, Mart. ? Upper slope.

323. Phoradendron RoRAiMiE, Oliv., sp. nov. Plavcscens, ramulis tcretibus infra
nodos intordum compressis crassitie pennse corvime parcc hirtcllis, foliis lineari-
oblongis v. anguste ovalibus acutiusculis, floribus rnonoicis, spicis 1-articulatis
5-7-floris, baccis ellipsoideis hevibus ? carnosis.
Roraima, ledge and summit.

Polia carnosula moderate coriacea parce pilosula v. glabrata basi in petiolum brevem
angustata, 5-9 lin. longa, 1-2 lin. lata; internodia A-l poll, longa. Spicte axillares
solitarias apiculate 1-2 lin. longae ; vagina bracteali leviter biclentata v. subtruncata
lateraliter compressa.

Mr. im Tburn's no. 270 (Roraima, patb to upper savannab) may be a glabrate form
of tbis plant witb rather broader obtuse obscurely mucronulate leaves.

142. Phyllanthus pycnophyllus, Muell. Arg. Circ. 5400 ft.
235. Croton, aff. C. surinamensi, Muell. Arg. Forest belt.

76. Sponia micrantiia, Sw. 3500 ft.

58. Burmannia bicolor, Mart. 4000 ft.
121. Dictyostegia orobanchoides, Miers. Upper slope.

ORCHIDE.E. By H. N. Ridley, Esq., M.A., E.L.S.

280. Pleurothallis stenopetala, Lindl. Upper slope, Boraima.
183. Stelis grandiflora, Lindl. Upper slope, Roraima.

285. Stelis tristyla, Lindl. Upper slope, Roraima.
127. Lepanthes (inadequate). 5400 ft. (our bouse).
275. Octomerl\ ? sp. Upper slope.

289. MlCROSTYLIS UMBELLULATA ?, Sw.

279. Masdevallia picturata, Reicbb. f. Upper slope.

286. Masdevallia brevis, Reichb. f. Upper slope.

57. Bulbophyllum Geraense, Reicbb. f. (Our bouse, 5400 ft.)

290. Elleanthus purfuraceus, Reichb. f. Upper slope.
274. Epidendrum tigrinum, Lindl. Upper slope.

13. Epidendrum Schomburgkii, Lindl. Treng River.
42. Epidendrum elongatum, Jacq. (Our house, 5400 ft.)

296. Epidendrum alsum, Ridley, n. sp. (§ Euepideudra planifolia paniculata.) Caulis

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. II. 2 U

282 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

valiclus, | unciam crassus, rarnosa. Folia coriacea brevia ovata obtusa, 1^ ad f unciam
longa, f lata, vaginis rugosis vix uncialibus. Panicula abrupte deflexa, ramis duobus
flexuosis 1 ad 2^ uncias longis. Flores parvi carnosi, 8 in ramo, dissiti. Bracteae
ovataB cucullatae subobtusae. Sepala lanceolata carinata. Petala angusta lanceolata
quam sepala diinidio breviora, et paullo tenuiora. Labellum cymbiforme, ovaturn,
cordatum, carnosum. Columua brevis.
Top of Koraima. The affinity of this plant is with E. frigidum, Linden.

299. Epedendrum Imthurnii, Ridley, n. sp. (Plate XLVI. A. figs. 1-6.) Caulis gracilis
teres parum ramosus ultra 7-uncialis. Folia angusta lineari-lanceolata coriacea cari-
nata, unciam longa, | unciam lata, vaginis rugosis. Racemi 2 vel 3, defiexi, vix
unciales, sex-flori. Plores parvi, tenues. Bracteae ovatae, pedicelli f aequantes. Pedi-
celli -J-unciales. Sepala lanceolata oblonga obtusa curva, circiter •§ unciam longa.
Petala iinearia angusta uninervia. Labellum ovatum cordatum cymbiforme, basi
angustatum. Columna gracilis paullo recurva. Anthera pileata subconica obtusa.
Capsula fusiformis.
Top of Roraima.

322. Epedendrum montigena, Ridley, n. sp. Caulis teres gracilis, ultra semipedalis. Folia
elliptica lanceolata mucronata carinata, unciam longa, | lata, vaginis f-uncialibus
riigosis. Racemi defiexi multiflori, baud ramosi, circiter 3 uncias longi. Flores parvi,
tenues. Bracteae ovatse subacutse patentes. Sepala lanceolata, ovata falcata, j unciam
longa. Petala angustiora lanceolata. Labellum cymbiforme, late cordatum, carnosum.
Ledge and top.

51. Epedendrum durum, Lindl. Our house.

360. Epedendrum vioeascens, Ridley, n. sp. (Plate XLVI. B. figs. 7-10.) Caulis semi-
pedalis gracilis foliis distichis tectus. Eolia brevia lanceolata crassiuscula recurva, \
unciam longa, vaginis superiorum violaceis. Panicula erecta gracilis 5-uncialis, ramis
paucis tenuibus. Elores pauci perparvi. Bracteae lanceolatae breves recurvse.
Sepalum posticum lanceolatum obtusum trinerve, lateralia basi connata, et ad basin
labello adnata, lanceolata obliqua, apicibus excurvis, trinervia. Petala Iinearia
angusta uninervia. Labellum rotundatum subreniforme, marginibus serrulatis;
costae tres elevatae, versus apices attenuatae. Columna crassiuscula.
Top of Roraima.

304. Epedendrum, sp. Ledge, 7500 ft.

80. Cattleya Lawrence ana, Reichb. f. Prom the locality given, I believe this
to be C. pumila, Schomb., Reise Brit. Guian. p. 1068 (non Hooker). There is
a picture of it among Schomburgk's drawings preserved in the British Museum.
Roraima.

55. Cyrtopodium parvielorum, Lindl. Roraima, 4000 ft.

61. Koeelensteinia Kellneriana, Reichb. f. Roraima, 4000 ft.

50. Zygopetalum Burkei, Reichb. f. Our house.

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 283

360. Zygopetalum venustum, Ridley, n. sp. (Plate XL VII. figs. 1-0.) Planta csespitosa,
pscudobulbis riullis. Folia bina, evoluta, lancoolata acuta, basi attcnuata, subcoriacea,
costis tribus clcvatis in dorso, 7 ad 8 uncias longa, § lata. Scapus lateralis ereetus,
13 uncias longus, vaginis 2-3, apicibus obtusis, aniplexis, paullo ampliatis rcmotis.
Racemus laxus, 10-florus. Flores mcdiocres, unciam longi et lati. Bracteae
pedicellis multo breviores, cylindricse, ovataB, acutae, inferiorcs vaginantcs. Pedicelli
■i unciam longi. Scpala ovata, lanceolata, subacuta patula. Pctala subsimilia,
obtusioraet angustiora. Labellum integrum, mentum plicatum, lamina rbomboidea,
obtusa, lata. Columna brevis crassiuscula, alis magnis obtusis falcatulis, apicibus
cui'vis. Antbera subconica. Stigma semilunare.
Kookenaam River, 3000 ft.

There is a figure of what seems to be the same species in the drawings made by
Schomburgk, preserved in the British Museum. It was obtained at Takootoo, and is
represented as having white flowers, with the base of the lip and the mentum yellow and
a few faint purple stains towards the apex of the lip, and purple streaks on the face of
the column. The fruit is deflexed, oblong in shape. In the absence of a distinct pseudo-
bulb, this plant differs from the rest of the genus, but the flowers are exactly those of
Zygopetalum.

114. Oncedium nigratum, Lindl. 5100 ft. (our house).

12. Oncedium orthostates, Ridley, n. sp. (Plurituberculata Homaeantha expansa.)
Pseudobulbus oblongus, 2 uncias longus. Folium lanceolatum oblongum, 3 uncias
longum, 1 unciam latum. Scapus elatus validulus rigidus ultra bipedalis. Bractese
lanceolatse deflexae breves ^-unciales. Flores mediocres, iis O. ccesli aequantes. Pedicelli
■| unciam longi. Sepala lanceolata subacuta. Petala subsimilia viridia brunneo macu-
lata (ex sicco). Labelli lobi laterales spathulati obtusi, medius basi angustatus rotun-
datus reniformis emarginatus, cuspide minuto. Callus, carina lamellas duas breves
gerens. Columna brevis stelidiis obtusis magnis dolabriformibus tenuibus. Pedicellus
polliniorum elongatus ligulatus, discus oblongus quadratus, margine exteriore eroso.
Treng River ; also 23, Savannah, W. H. Campbell in Herb. Kew.

19. Sobralla. stenophyela, lindl. Spelinioola, Arapoo River.
273. Sobralia (inadequate). Upper slope, Roraima.

115. Pogonia parvifeora, Reichb. f. 5100 ft. (our house).

312. Spiranthes bifida, Ridley, n. sp. Tubera elongata clavata. Folia ovata petiolata
acuta tenuia parva, lamina semiunciam longa, \ unciam lata, petiolus vix semi-
uncialis. Caidis debilis parce pubescens, ferine 10-uncialis ; vaginis circiter 9, laxis
lanceolatis acuminatis dissitis J unciam longis. Racemus densus spiralis, unciam
longus. Bracteae flores superantes, lanceolata? acuminatic. Sepala, petala et labellum
subsimilia, lanceolata angusta obtusa, marginibus involutis, apicibus bifidis, minute

2u2

284 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

papillosa. Petala quam sepala angustiora. Columna brevis. Anthera erecta obtuse
acuta. Ovarium breve minute pubesceus.
Our bouse, Roraima.

131. Stenoptera viscosa, Reicbb. f. (Our bouse, 5400 ft.)

173, Stenoptera adnata, Ridley, n. sp. (Plate XLVIII. A. figs. 1-6.) Tubera plura
lanata elongata. Folia tenuia meinbranacea lanceolata acuta 3 uncias longa, \ unciam
lata. Caulis validulus 17-uncialis superne pubescens, vaginis pluribus dissitis lanceo-
latis acuminatis usque ad basin fissis, longissima 1^-uncialis. Racemus multiflorus
densus pubescens. Flores parvi resupinati. Bracteae lanceolatse acutse f -unciales fio-
ribus sequantes. Ovarium breye crassiusculum pubescens. Galea (sepalum posticum
petalis adnatum) ovata cucullata obtusa, marginibus fimbriatis. Sepala lateralia
oblonga ovata acuta. Labellum ovatum lanceolatum, lobis lateralibus tenuibus erectis
vix distinctis, medio linguiformi carnoso, obtuso, supra canaliculato, basi subtus
pubescenti. Columua elongata gracilis apice clavata, parte inferiore pubescente.
Upper slope.

9. Pelexia aphylla, Ridley, n. sp. (Plate XLVIII. B. figs. 7-11.) Tubera desunt. Folia
radicalia nulla, caulina lanceolata acuminata 6 dissita, superiora latiora. Caulis
8-uncialis pubescens prsesertim versus basin. Plores pauci, mediocres, albi. Sepa-
lum posticum petalis adnatum, galeam efformans, lanceolatam acuminatam cucul-
latam, petala quam sepalum breviora. Sepala lateralia lanceolata linearia porrecta
marginibus involutis. Labellum cuneatum spatbulatum obtusum minute pubes-
cens, subemargiuatum lobulo obscuro in medio ; calcar ad ovarium arete adnatum.
Columna brevissima, rostellum prolongatum oblongum obtusum canaliculatum
porrectum. Antbera lanceolata obtusa vix biloculata. Pollinia pyriformia bicrura ;
discus ovalis rotundatus.
Waetipoo Mountain ; also Serra de Piedade, Minas Geraes, Brazil, Gardner (no. 5193,

"Flowers wbite," in Herb. Brit. Mus.).

46. Habenaria parvielora, Lindl. (Our bouse, 5400 ft.) Roraima 251, at 5000 ft.

367. Habenaria Moritzii, Ridley, n. sp. Caulis \ ad pedalis foliatus. Folia erecta lan-
ceolata acuta dissita, maxima 2 uncias longa, \ lata. Racemus laxus circiter 15-florus.
Bracteae lanceolatae acuminata^. Flores parvi. Sepalum posticum erectum, lateralia
deflexa, ovata, lanceolata, mucronata. Petala bifida, lacinia postica erecta anguste
Hnearis lanceolata, quam sepalum posticum paullo brevior, antica anguste linearis
obtusa recurva. Labellum trilobum, lobi laterales filiformes quam medius longiores
et angustiores. Calcar filiforme clavatum \ unciam longum. Columna majuscula.
Antbera obtusa, apices breves recti. Lobi stigmatici crassiusculi obtusi breves.
At 4000 ft., Roraima ; also in Venezuela, Moritz 630 b.

53. Selenipedittm Lindleyanum, Reicbb. f. (Our bouse, 5400 ft.) Roraima.
31. Selenipedium Klotzscheanum, Reicbb. f. Colunga River.

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA 285

315 or 311 (2 labels). Tillandsia stricta, var. ?
31 (5. Tillandsia, sp. ? Inadequate.
45. Puya (probably new). (Inadequate.) > J. G. Baker.

300. ClPURA PALUDOSA, Alibi.
28. SlSTRINCHIUM ALATUM, Hook.

298. Nietneria corymbosa, Klotzscb & Schomb. Top.

297. Toeieldia Sciiomburgkiana, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XLIX. A. figs. 1-0) ; foliis
elongato-linearibus longe acuminatis minutissime ciliolatis longitudinaliter striatis
basi disticbe vaginantibus, scapo erecto tcreti glabro foliis longioribus, floribus
strictis racemosis pedicello erecto suba^quilongis, calyculi bracteolis ovatis acutis
perianthio 6-plo brevioribus, scgmentis periantbii erectis oblongis acutis valide
5-7-striatis.
Roraima, 6000 ft., Schomburgk; summit, E. F. im Thurn.

Folia 3-12 poll, longa, ^-J poll. lata. Scapus J-2 ped. longus, 5-9 (3-co )-florus.
Flores flavido-virentes semipollicares ; periantbii segmenta temp, florif. acutata persis-
tentia rigida. Bractese ovato-lanceolatae appressse.

Nearly allied to T.falcata, Pers. (T.J rigida, H. B. K.), from wbicb it differs in its
strict inflorescence and longer pedicels and flowers.

Schomburgk describes the leaves as margined with red.

257. Xyris Fontanesiana, Kuntb. 5400 ft.

62. Xyris setigera, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate L. A. figs. 1-8.) Subacaulis, foliis linearibus
setoso-acuminatis mai-ginibus minutissime setuloso-scabridis, scapo foliis 4-5-plo
longiore stricto gracillimo subtereti glabro, capitulo ovoideo paucifloro bracteis cori-
aceis obtusis ovatis v. ovato-ellipticis, staminodiis ad faucem corollse insertis bipartitis
penicillatis, antheris filamento libero longioribus.
Eoraima, 4000 ft., E. F. im Thurn.

Polia 1-2 poll, longa, ^-^ poll. lata. Scapi 5-7 poll, longi, 1 v. 2 ex una radice ;
vagina carinata angusta foliis paullo longior. Bractese interiores cymbiformes oblongo-
ellipticae obtusaB v. emarginatse, \ poll, longae. Sepala lateralia linearia complicata
anguste carinata, carina obsolete denticulata.

240. Xyris witsenioides, Oliv., sp. nov. (PL L. B. figs. 9-15.) Caulescens, caule decum-
bente sub scapo ssepius dichotomo, foliis rigidis disticbe arete imbricatis linearibus
longitudinaliter striatis glabris ad apicem acutissimum gradatim angustatis, basi
vaginante scariosa spadicea, scapo gracili foliis 3-5-plo longiore, capitulis paucifioris,
bracteis glabris obtusis v. interioribus majoribus emarginatis, sepalis lateralibus
incurvis rigidis carinatis carina scabriuscula, staminodiis flabellatim dilatatis longe
penicillato-plumosis, ovario apice rostrato, rostro persistente.
Roraima, ledge 7300 ft., E. F. im Thurn.
Folia 2^ poll, longa, 1 lin. lata, leviter falcatim incurva. Scapus in dichotomiis soli-

tarius compressiusculus v. subangulatus, 6-9 poll, longus ; vagina foliis brevior. Capi-

tida ^ poll, longa, bracteis baud arete imbricatis.

286 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

Singular in the JPitsenia-like habit of its stout stems ; in our specimens 3-4 inches
(ranging to 6-8 inches, E. F. im Thurn) in length, lateral branches being given off
immediately under the solitary scapes.

312. Abolboda Sceptrum, Oliv., sp. nov. ; foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutis rigidis lsete
viridibus leviter glaucescentibus, scapo crassitie penna3 anserinte, floribus capitatis,
capitulis floriferis 4-5 poll, diam., bracteis ovatis acutis rigidis sepalis ^-f breviori-
bus, sepalis ovato-lanceolatis subaBquilongis lateralibus carinatis, petalis limbo ovato
flabellatim venoso, ovario ovoideo, stylo longo basi appendicibus 3 crassiusculis arete
uncinatis ovario sequilongis circumdato, ovula plurima.
Roraima, summit, E. F. im Thurn.

Eolia 6-7 poll, longa. Scapus Bractese ovatse v. interior es ovato-lanceolatae,

f-1^ poll, longa?. Sepala 1^-lf poll, longa. Petala 2-2J poll, longa, inferne in tubum
leviter curvatum coalita. Stamina petalis breviora ; filamenta anguste linearia ; antherse
lineares. Ovarium cartilagineum, \ poll, longum ; stylus If poll, longus.

The leaves I have not seen, Mr. im Thurn having kindly supplied me with a note of
their size and form. He describes the foliage as " Yucca-like." Our specimen consists
of a well-developed capituluni and 8-9 inches of its scape. The flowers hardly admit of
being satisfactorily analyzed. They are very much larger than in other species seen by
me, and the tube of the united petals much wider. The singular uncinate appendages
are inserted with the style upon the ovary, not, as in some species, at a distinct interval
above it. There is a figure of this remarkable plant in the Schomburgk collection of
drawings at the British Museum.

'■&'•

338. Stegolepis gtjianensis, Klotzsch. 6000 ft.
34. Eriocatjlon Humboldtii, Kunth ? ( = specimen from Roraima, Schomburgk).

Arapoo R.
33. Pjepalanthtjs Schombtjrgkii, Klotzsch. Arapoo R.
60. P^epalanthus elavescens, Koern. {eriocephalus, Klotzsch). 4000 ft.

294. P-EPALANTHTJS Roraimje, Oliv., sp. nov. (Plate XLIX. B. figs. 7-14.) Acaulis, foliis
dense rosulatis brevibus rigidis linearibus obtusiusculis basi latioribus leviter falcatis
rectisve, basi arete imbricata lanuginosa excepta glabra, longitudinaliter striata,
scapo solitario vaginato, vagina foliis subduplo longiore spathacea v. bifida glabra,
involuci'i bracteis lineari-lanceolatis glabratis v. parce pilosis, fuliginosis, bracteis
disci flores stipantibus oblanceolatis v. obovato-cuneatis cymbiformibus.
Roraima, summit, E. F. im Thurn.
Eolia f— 1 poll, longa. Scapus glabrescens v. apicem versus obsolete puberulus 3^— 4J

poll, longus. Capitula hemisphserica \ ])oll. diam. Plores breviter pedicellati. Perian-

thium segmentis exterioribus liberis obovatis concavis apicem versus coloratis interioribus

staminigeris subaecmilongis. Ovarium triquetrum.

264. Anthttrium roraimense, N. E. Brown, sp. nov. ; cataphyllis magnis lanceolatis,
petiolis teretibus elongatis, lamina cordata subacuminata, lobis posticis semioblongis

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM ROKAIMA. 287

quam antico subtriplo brevioribus sinu parabolico sejunctis, nervis primariis 13,
venis primariis costa utrinque (5-7, omnibus supra et subtus prominentibus ;
pedunculo valido tereti; spatba oblongo-lanceolata, filiformi-aeuminata ; spadicc
stipitato spatba sulxequante valido.
Ilab. Roraima, Britisb Guiana, E. F. im Thurn.

Catapbylla minora 3 poll, longa, majora 7-8 poll, longa, 1-1-]- poll. lata. Petiolus
2 ped. longus. Lamina 20 poll, longa, 12 poll, lata, pergamentacea, rcticulato-venosa,
nervi intramarginali margiuo valde approximato. Spatba h\ poll, longa, If poll. lata.
Spadix (cum stipite \ poll, longa) 5 poll, longus, \ poll, crassus. Elores 1 lin. diam.,
stylo conico brevissime exserto. — N. E. Brown.

382. Geonoma Appuniana, Spr.
358. Euterpe. 5100 ft.

CYPERACE^E. By H. N. Ridley, Esq., M.A., E.L.S.

259. Eihbristylis uispidula, Kuutb. (Our bouse, 5100 ft.) Roraima.

215. Rhynchospora glauca, Vabl. (Our bouse, 5100 ft.)

253. Rhynchospora capillacea, Torrey. (Our bouse, 5100 ft.)

Rhynchospora leptostachya, Boeckl. (Our bouse, 5400 ft.)
218. Scleria hirtella, Swartz.
209. Scleria bracteata, Cavanilles.

357. Cryptangium stellattjm, Boeckeler, s . (Plate LI. figs. 1-6.) Upper slope,
Roraima.

Tbe male plant of tbis species does not seem to have been hitherto met with or
described ; I therefore add a description of it.

Panicula longissima, ramis gracilibus. Spiculse plures, binee, castanese, \ unciam
longa?. Bractea lanceolata, trinervis, longe mucronata, mucrone ciliato. Glumge vacuse 8,
floriferae 2. Stamina tria, apiculis longis acuminatis, dimidio antherse aequantibus.

Everardia, nov. gen. Cryptangiearum.

Herba perennis, caule valido descendente lignoso. Eolia conferta rigida recurva. Culmus
paniculatus validus lateralis, ex axilla folii inferioris oriens. Pauicula laxa, rami
plurimi inferiores masculi, supremi feminei. Spicuhe masculge plm'iflorge, glumis
vacuis 3, floriferis 6. Stamina plura. Spiculae feniinese parva:, glumis vacuis 1,
florifera 1. Stylus brevis, stigma bifidum lobis brevibus planis lanceolatis. Ovarium
triangulatum breviter pedicellatum, cupula nulla. Seta; hypogynoe copiosae tortae.

335. Everardia Montana, Ridley, n. sp. (Plate LII. figs. 1-8.) Caulis brevis, vaginis
latis decompositis superne tectus. Eolia lineari-lanceolata acuta acuminata carinata
recurva, marginibus albo-ciliatis, longissima 7 uncias longa, \ unciam lata. Culmus
11 uncias longus, validus, compressus, anceps, pro maxima parte paniculata, cfoliata,
vaginis paucis brunneis fissis compressis, saepius lamina parva lanceolata obtusa

288 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

rigida. Spiculae masculse singular, copiosse, § unciam longoe, castanese, inferiores pedun-
culatse. Gluinse 3 vacuse, staminiferae 6, lanceolatae aristatae, marginibus parce ciliatis,
arista brevis crassiuscula. Stamina in flore circiter 6. Anthera acuminata fila-
mento aequalis, \ unciam longa, apiculus brevissimus, tricbomatum fasciculo terminali
brevi. Spiculae feminese parvae angustse. Glumae vacuae 4, suprema fertilis, exteriores
cartilagineae lanceolatae brevi-aristatae, castanese, interiores scariosse, carina violacea.
Stylus stigmati aequalis, teres, crassiusculus brevis. Stigma breviter bifidum lobis
lanceolatis obtusis planis, violaceis. Ovarium ellipticum oblongum obtuse trique-
trum breviter pedicellatum, pedicello subtereti. Seta? hypogynae, copiosae, tortae.
Pistillum ^-unciale ; caryopsis fere ^ unciam longa.
Ledge, Roraima.

Tbis genus is most nearly allied to Lagenocar+ms, but differs entirely from that genus,
and from the rest of the Cryptcmgieai, in the lateral inflorescence, the bifid stigma, with
short flat lobes, the absence of any cupule, and the presence of a large number of hypo-
gynous bristles.

262. Paspaltjm stellatum, Fliigge, var. ?

261. Panictjm nervosum, Lam. ? 5400 ft.

254. Arundinella brasiliensis, Eaddi. 5400 ft.

154. Echinol^na scabra, H. B. K. 5400 ft.

246. Saccharum (§ Eriochrysis) catennensis, Beauv. 5400 ft.

260. Isch^mum latifolium, Kuntb. 5400 ft.

359. ? GtiADUA (barren). 5400 ft.

18. ? Chusquea (barren). Arapoo B,.
302. Gram. dub. (barren). Top.

FEBNS. By J. G. Baker, E.R.S., F.L.S.

The following is a complete list of the Ferns collected. The numbers are Mr. im
Thurn's collecting-numbers. Those enclosed within brackets indicate the position of
the new species in the sequence followed in our ' Synopsis Filicum.' In determining the
species I have had the kind help of Mr. Jenman, the government botanist of the colony,
who has paid special attention to Ferns ever since he has lived in Demerara.

343. Gleichenia pubescens, H. B. K., var. (G. longipinnata, Hook.). Upper slopes of

the mountain.
92. Cyathea vestita, Mart. In the neighbourhood of the encampment.
270. Alsophila bipinnatifeda, Baker. With a slender caudex 6 or 7 feet in length, in

the neighbourhood of the encanipmeut.

87 (16*). Alsophila macrosora, Baker, n. sp. ; stipitibus basi paleis linearibus brunneis
imbricatis dense vestitis, frondibus amplis deltoideis tripinnatifidis crassiusculis

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 289

praeter venas primarias faciei superioris glabris, pinnis oblongo-lanceolatis, pinnulis

lauccolatis inferioribus distincte petiolatis basi truncatis ad costam alatani pinna-

tilidis, segmentis tertiariis oblongis crcuulatis, venis simplicibus erecto-patentibus

6-6-jugis, soris magais globosis superficialibus intramarginalibus, receptacvilis dense

paraphysatis.

Basal paleae extending 4-5 inches up the stipe, glossy, moderately firm in texture, the

largest •£ in. long. Stipe a foot long, brownish, deeply grooved down the face. Lower

pinnae 15-18 in. long, 8-9 in. broad. Lower pinnules 1 in. long f in. broad, with a

petiole ^ in. long, which is articulated at the base. Tertiary segments £ in. broad.

Allied to the Bahian A. prcec'mcta, from which it differs by its more coriaceous texture,
crowded sori, and densely paraphysate receptacle.

37. Alsophila villosa, Presl.

318 (1G*). Hymenophyllum dejectum, n. sp. ; stipitibus productis paleis pallidis ascen-
dentibus lanceolatis praeditis, frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis tripinnatifidis erectis
glabris, pinnis lanceolatis confertis decurvatis pinnulis, superioribus simplicibus infe-
rioribus profunde pinnatifidis, segmeutis ultimis linearibus integris uninervatis, soris
breviter pedicellatis ad basin segmentorum ultimorum impositis, involucro campa-
nulato valvis argute serratis.
Rootstock not seen. Stipes 2-3 in. long, clothed with minute inconspicuous pale

membranous paleae, as is also the rhachis. Lamina 4-5 in. long, |— 1 in. broad. Pinna?

decurved, not more than J— | in. long. Final segments tV-1j m- long, not more than

^ line broad. Involucre \ line broad.

A very distinct novelty. Allied to //. demissum and H. javanicum.

118. 199, 371. ITymenophyllum polyanthos, Sw. Upper slope of the mountain.

207, 302, 370, 372, 373. Hymenophyllum microcarpum, ITook. Upper slope of the

mountain. This is evidently not more than a variety of H. polyanthos.
205. Hymenophyllum cbjspum, H. B. K. Upper slope of the mountain.
203, 375. Hymenophyllum lineare, Sw. Upper slope of the mountain ; and 200, var.

antillense, Jenman.
292. Hymenophyllum eucoides, Sw. Upper slopes of the mountain.
271. Trichomanes macilentum, Van den Bosch. Upper slopes of the mountain. Will

have, I think, to be regarded as not more than a variety of T. Bcmcroftii,
198, 201, 349. Trichomanes pyxldiferum, L. Upper slopes of the mountain. 349

represents the variety T. cavifolium, C. Mull.
99, 317. Trichomanes crisp um, Sw. The higher number from the upper slopes of the

mountain, the lower from the neighbourhood of the encampment.

119. Trichomanes rigidum, Sw. Neighbourhood of the encampment.

120. Davallia Imrayana, Hook. Upper slopes of the mountain.
344. Lindsayana guianensis, Dryand. Upper slopes of the mountain.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. II. 2 X

290 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

149, 150, 301. Lindsay a stricta, Dryand. The two lower numbers gathered near the

encampment, the other on the mountain-top.
161, 303. Hypolepis repens, Presl. Base of the cliff. 194, 195 are young forms of

Hijpolepis, most likely the same species.
144. Pteris lomariacea, Kunze. Neighbourhood of the encampment.
160. Pteris incisa, Thunb. Base of the cliff.

156. Lomaria Pltjmieri, Desv. Upper slopes of the mountain.

88, 167. Lomaria procera, Spreng. Upper slopes of the mountain and in the neigh-

bourhood of the encampment.
48. Lomaria Boryana, Willd. Neighbourhood of the encampment.

157, 369. Asplenium lunulatum, Sw., var. (A. erectum, Bory). Base of the cliff.
171. Asplenium rhizophorum, L., var. (A. flabellatum, Kunze). Upper slopes of the

mountain.
143. Asplenium furcatum, Thunb. Neighbourhood of the encampment.
272. Aspidium capense, Willd. Path to the upper savannah.

275 (4*). Nephrodium (§ Lastrea) brachypodum, n. sp. ; caudice erecto, stipitibus
brevissimis ca?spitosis pilosis, frondibus parvis lanceolatis firmulis subglabris simpli-
citer pinnatis e medio ad basin et apicem sensimattenuatis,rhachide piloso paleis paucis
patulis lanceolatis prsedito, pinnis sessilibus lanceolatis basi utrinque auriculatis
centralibus profunde serratis reliquis integris infimis deltoideis, venis superioribus
pinnarum simplicibus erecto-patentibus, inferioribus furcatis vel parce pinnatis, soris
superflcialibus medialibus, involucro membranaceo subpersistente.
Frond 5-6 in. long, an inch broad, narrowed very gradually from the middle to both
ends. Lower pinna? not more than £ in. long. Stipes not above half an inch long.
Central pinnae J in. broad above the dilated base.
Upper slopes of the mountain.

May be an involucrate form of the well-known West-Indian Poly podium hastcefolium,
Sw., which it resembles very closely in size, shape, texture, and venation.

94, 380. Nephrodium conterminum, Desv. Upper slopes of the mountain and neigh-
bourhood of the encampment.

269. Nephrodium Leprieurii, Hook. Neighbourhood of the encampment.

126, 169, 225. Nephrodium denticulatum, Hook. Upper slopes of the mountain and
neighbourhood of the encampment.

354. Nephrodium amplissimum, Hook. Upper slopes of the mountain.

102, 339. Nephrolepis cordifolia, Presl. Neighbourhood of the encampment.

356 (13*). Polypodium (§ Phegopteris) demeraranum, n. sp. ; caudice erecto, stipite
producto pubescente basi paleis paucis lanceolatis brunneis membranaceis prsedito,
frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis bipinnatiiidis prsesertini ad venas pilosis, pinnis sessi-
libus lanceolatis ad costam alatam pinnatitidis inferioribus reductis infimis remotis
perparvis, pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis integris obtusis, venulis simplicibus 8-9-jugis
pilosis, soris superflcialibus parvis supramedialibus.

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 291

Stipes 6-8 in. long below the much-dwarfed lowest pair of pinnae, grey and pubescent,
as is the rhachis. Largest basal paleae half an inch Long. Lamina H-2 ft. Long, 7-8 in.
broad at tbc middle. Largest pinnae l-Ah i»- long, about an inch broad. Pinnules
above J in. broad.

Closely allied to the Himalayan P. auriculatum, Wall., in size, texture, and cutting,
but quite different in the position of the sori. Pound on the upper slopes of the moun-
tain. Gathered previously by Appun, 1138.

1(58 (15*). Polypodium (§ Phegopteris) roraimense, n.sp. ; caudice erecto, stipitepro-
ducto glabro stramineo, frondibus ohlongo-lanceolatis bipinnatis prseter costas faciei
superioris glabris, pinnis sessilibus lanceolatis simpliciter pinnatis inferioribus
reductis iniimis remotis perparvis, pinnulis oblongo-lanceolatis subintegris ohtusis,
venulis 7-8-jugis ascendentibus simplicibus, soris globosis superficialibus supra-
medialibus.
Stipes 3-4 in. long below the dwarfed lowest pinna?. Lamina \\ ft. long, 8-9 in.

broad at the middle. Largest pinnae 4-4| in. long, about an inch broad. Pinnules

£ in. broad.

Closely allied to the preceding and to the West-Indian P. Germanianuin and ctenoides.

Gathered upon the upper slopes of the mountain.

177, 182, 282, 307, 31-5, 352, 370. Polypodium margin ellum, Sw. Upper slopes of the

mountain, in the crevices of rocks.
184 (ex parte). Polypodium trifurcatum, L. Upper slopes of the mountain, mixed

with Enterosora Campbellii.
160, 350, 308, 377- Polypodium furcatum, Mett. Summit and upper slopes of the

mountain.
133. Polypodium serrulatum, Mett. The type iu the neighbourhood of the encamp

ment, and no. 351, var. (Xiphopteris Jamesoni, Hook.), on the upper slopes of the

mountain.

178. Polypodium trichomanoides, Sw. Upper slopes of the mountain.

348. Polypodium truncicola, Klotzsch. Upper slopes of the mountain. New to

Guiana.
181. Polypodium moniliforme, Lau.. var. (P. saxicolum, Baker). Upper slopes of the

mountain.

179. Polypodium tovarense, Klotzsch. Upper slopes of the mountain.

180 (159*). Polypodium (§ Eupolypodium) Kalbreyeri, n. sp. ; rhizomate breviter
repente paleis parvis patulis linearibus brunneis vestito, stipitibus contiguis elongatis
erectisatro-brunneis, frondibus deltoideis simpliciter pinnatis coriaceis glabris, rhachide
nudo castaueo, pinnis linearibus adnatis contiguis integris superioribus sensim
minoribus, venis immersis occultis Eurcatis, soris globosis superficialibus latitudinem
totam. pinnarum inter costam et marginem occupantibus.
Stipes 8-10 in. long, naked or furnished towards the base with minute, squarrose, soft,
hair-like paleae. Rhachis castaneous, like the stipe. Lamina 5-0 in. long, 3-3^ in. broad

2 x 2

292 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

at the base. Pinna? about 20 on a side below the caudate apex of tbe frond, £ in. broad
at the base, narrowed gradually to an acute point. Sori a line in diameter, 12-16-jugate
on the lower pinnae.

Nearest the Andine P. melanopus, Hook. & Grev., from which it differs by its stiffly
erect stipes, frond broadest at the base, and obscure immersed veins. Found on the
upper slopes of the mountain, and gathered previously by Kalbreyer on the mountains
of the province of Ocana, in New Granada, at an elevation of 6500 ft.

186* (159*). Poltpoditjm Kookenam^:, Jemnan MSS., n. sp. ; rhizotnate valido bre-

viter repente vel suberecto paleis subulatis castaneis ciliatis dense vestito, stipitibus

castaneis clongatis parce ciliatis, frondibus oblongo-lanceolatis subcoriaceis glabris

simpliciter subpinnatis, rhachide primario anguste alato, pinnis lanceolatis acutis inte-

gris basi confiuentibus, costis immersis, venis furcatis, soris medialibus obscure

immersis.

Stipes 6-9 in. long. Lamina 6-8 in. long, 2 in. broad, truncate at the base, dark green

above, pale beneath. Pinnae 16-20 on a side below the subentire acuminate apex of the

frond, the largest an inch long, 3-^ in. broad. Primary rhachis purpuraceous on both

sides of the frond. Sori terminal on the anterior fork of each vein.

This I have not seen, and insert entirely on Mr. Jenman's authority. I have merely
altered the form of the description which he has sent, so as to make it uniform with the
others. It did duty for no. 186 in set C of the distribution. Mr. Jeninan says it is
intermediate between P. Kalbreyeri and the Jamaican P. bruiineo-viride.

180, 379. Polypodium taxefolium, Linn. Upper slopes of the mountain.

104. Polypodium pectixatum, Linn. In the neighbourhood of the encampment.

124. Polypodium cultratum, Willd. In the neighbourhood of the encampment.

217. Polypodium xanthotrichium, Klotzsch (P. ellipticosorum, Fee). Upper slopes

of the mountain. Appears to be distinct specifically from P. cultratum by its

uniformly elliptical sori.
281. Polypodium rigescens, Bory. Upper slopes of the mountain.
176. Polypodium firmum, Klotzsch. Upper slopes of the mountain.
378. Polypodium subsessile, Baker. Upper slopes of the mountain.
190. Polypodium capillare, Desv. Upper slopes of the mountain.

125 (212*). Polypodium (§ Eupolypodium) melanotrichum, n. sp. ; caudice erecto
paleis subulatis crispatis vestito, stipite brevissimo gracillimo, frondibus oblongo-
lanceolatis parvis flaccidis membranaceis glabris bipinnatifidis, pinnis lanceolatis
adnatis profunde pectinato-pinnatifidis inferioribus sensim minoribus, segmentis
deltoideis acutis, venis brevibus simplicibus erecto-patentibus, soris globosis supex'-
ficialibus costularibus ad apicem venarum impositis.
Stipes and rhachis black, thread-like, glabrous. Lamina" 3-4 in. long, an inch broad at

the middle. Central pinnae half an inch long, -J in. broad, with 6-8 pairs of deltoid

segments with a single sorus in the centre of each.

I'ROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 293

Allied to the Brazilian J?, achilleafolium, Kaulf., but quite different in texture, in the
shape of the segments, and by its very short simple veins. Pound in the neighbourhood
of the encampment.

172. Polypodium (§ Goniophlebium) loriceum, Linn. Base of the great cliff.

340. Polypodium (§ Pulebodium) auueum, Linn., var. (P. areolatum, II. B. K.). In the

neighbourhood of the encampment.
208. Polypodium (§ Campyloneuron) angustieolium, Sw., var. (P. ampuostemon,

Kunze). In the neighbourhood of the encampment.

295 (II*). Gymnogramme (§ Pterozonium) cyclophylla, n. sp. (Plate LIII. figs. 1, 2) ;
caudice erecto, stipitibus ca^spitosis elongatis erectis basi primum paleis minutis
lineari-subulatis patulis preeditis, frondibus parvis nitidis rigide coriaceis apice
rotundatis margine recurvato basi cuncatis margine piano, venis flabcllatis
immersis, soris oblongis ad venarum apicem solum productis cite confiuentibus
zonam angustam intramarginalem formantibus.
Stipes wiry, 5-6 in. long. Lamina only about an inch long and broad. Found on

the summit of the mountain.

101, 215 (14*). Gymnogramme (§ Pterozonium) elaphoglossoides, n. sp. (Plate LIV.

figs. 1-5) ; caudice valido lignoso paleis parvis subulatis nigro-castaneis dense

vestito, stipitibus elongatis erectis nudis castaneis, frondibus simplicibus integris

rigide coriaceis nudis elliptico-lanceolatis acutis vel obtusis conspicue costatis basi

cordatis, venis confertis patulis parallelis simplicibus vel furcatis intra marginem

evanescentibus, soris linearibus cite confiuentibus frondis faciem totam inferiorem

proeter zonam angustam marginalem occupantibus.

Stipes wiry, sometimes above half a foot long. Fronds G-8 in. long, fertile 1-2 inches,

sterile sometimes 3 inches broad. Sori occupying the whole under surface except a

marginal border. Not more than ^~tV in. broad. Found both upon the upper slopes

of the mountain and in the neighbourhood of the encampment.

These two interesting novelties both fall under the genus Pterozonium of Fee, figured
on tab. 16 of his ' Genera Filicum.' The only species known previously is the very rare
Gymnogramme reniformis, Mart., figured Icon. Crypt. Bras. t. 26, and also in Hooker's
' Second Century of Ferns,' t. 9, and on tab. 49 of the Fern volume of ' Flora Bras-
iliensis.' The two new species are very distinct, both from one another and G. reniformis.
In G. cyclophylla the sori form a narrow band just within the margin ; in G. reniformis
a broad semicircle, a distinct space within the margin, whilst in G. elaphoglossoides they
cover the whole surface except a narrow border.

164. Gymnogramme Schomburgkiana, Kunze. Upper slopes of the mountain.
197. Gymnogramme hirta, Desv. Upper slopes of the mountain. New to Guiana.
159. Gymnogramme flexuosa, Desv. Upper slopes of the mountain. Also new to
Guiana.

294 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

Enterosora, nov. gen.

Sori oblongi ye] oblongo-cylindrici exindusiati ad venas decurrentes, inti*a frondis
laminam orti, demum ad frondis faciem inferioreni riinis angustis obliquis imper-
fecte obvii. Vena? pinnate, venulis paucis ascendentibus prope frondis marginem
anastoinosantibus et areolas steriles bexagonas soro unico central! includentes
forrnantibus.
Most resembles Gi/muof/ramme, from which it differs mainly by having the sori

immersed in the centre of the frond, and only appearing very partially on its lower

surface even in a mature stage.

184 (ex parte). Enterosora Campbellii, Baker. (Plate LV. figs. 1-5.)

The only species : upper slopes of the mountain, with Polypodium irifurcatwm. Root-
stock cylindrical, suberect, densely clothed with small brown membranous lanceolate
palea\ Stipes slender, brown, erect, wiry, 4-5 in. long, with a few very inconspicuous
spreading fibrillose palea? downwards. Lamina oblanceolate, simple, subcoriaceous,
glabrous, 6-8 in. long, under an inch broad, obtuse, narrowed gradually to the base,
conspicuously repand on the margin, with broad rounded lobes. Veins very distinct when
the frond is held up to the light, arranged in pinnate groups, one opposite each lobe, the
sterile veinlets forming unequal hexagonal areolae, with a single vein bearing a sorus in
the centre of each. Sori \-^ in. long, 4-6 to each of the central pinnated groups, erecto-
patent as regards the whole lamina, seen partially at last on the lower surface by slits
that seem as if they were made with a knife through the epidermis.

Erond in shape and texture much resembling that of Polypodium trifurcatum, from
which it differs by its long stipes and totally different veining, in addition to the entirely
dissimilar shape and position of its sori. In naming it after the late W. H. Campbell,
Esq., I am carrying out the wish of Mr. im Thurn.

170. Vittaria lineata, Sw. Upper slopes of the mountain.

212, 218. Vittaria stiptjlata, Kunze. Upper slopes of the mountain. New to
Guiana.

229, 231 . Acrostichtjm latifolium, Sw. Upper slopes of the mountains. Two dif-
ferent varieties, botli rigid in texture, narrowed very gradually from the middle to
the base, and 229 dotted over the under surface with minute subpeltate brown paleae.

233, 238. Acrostichum Lingua, Raddi.

267. Acrostichum stenopteris, Klotzsch. In the neighburhood of the encampment.
New to Guiana.

266. Acrostichum decoratum, Kunze. In the neighbourhood of the encampment.

278. Acrostichum Aubertii, Desv., var. crimtum, nov. var. Recedes from the
Brazilian and Colombian type of the species towards A. villosum by its much more
crinite lamina both in the sterile and fertile frond, and by the stipes being densely
clothed with squarrose subulate brown palese, as in the Venezuelan^/, lleichenbachii,
Moritz. Path to the upper slope. The species is new to Guiana.

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 295

237 (45*). Ackosticiium (§ Elaphoglossum) leptopiilebium, n. sp. ; rhizomate repente

cylindrico lignoso paleis parvis membranaceis laneeolatis brunneis crispatis dense

vcstito, stipite elongato straminco subnudo, fronde sterili lanceolato membranaeeo

glabro paleis paucis laneeolatis ad marginem et f'aciem inferiorem praedito, venis

laxis perspicuis erecto-patentibus simplicibus vel furcatis intra marginem terminan-

tibus, fronde sterili mnlto minore, stipite longiore.

Sterile lamina a loot or more long, 18-20 lines broad, cuueate at tbe base, with a

slender fragile stipe 4-5 inches long. Fertile lamina 4-5 inches long, an ineh broad,

with a stipe about a foot long. Found upon tbe upper slopes of the mountain.

93. Acrosticiium muscosum, Sw., var. A. Engelii, Karst. In the neighbourhood of
the encampment.
213. Acrosticiium squamosum, Sw. Upper slopes of the mountain.
41. Acrosticiium (§ Rhipidopteris) peltatum, Sw. In tlie neighbourhood of the
encampment.
100. Schiz-EA diciiotoma, Sw. In the neighbourhood of the encampment. New to
Guiana.
85. Schiz.ea elegans, Sw. In the neighbourhood of the encampment.
263. Anemia tomentosa, Sw. In the neighbourhood of the encampment.
146. LrcopoDiUM alopecuroides, L. In the neighbourhood of the encampment.
192. Lycopodium linifolium, L., var. sarmentosum rubescens, Spring. Upper slopes

of the mountain.
230. Lycopodium subulatum, Desv. Base of the cliff.

226 (159*-). Selaginella (§ Stachygynandrum) vernicosa, n. sp. (Plate LVI. A. figs.
1-7); caule basi decumbente superne recto laxe piunato, ramulis paucis brevibus
ascendentibus, foliis heteromorphis distichis crassis firmis nitide viridibus, plana3
inferioris confertis erecto-patentibus ovatis obtusis margine ubique denticulatis
planus superioris duplo brevioribus ascendentibus ovatis obtusis valde imbricatis,
spicis tetragonis brevissimis, bracteis conformibus magnis ovatis acutis.
This belongs to the Atroviricles group in the neighbourhood of S. MartensU. The
main stems are about half a foot long, the leafy branches an eighth of an inch broad,
and the leaves of the lower plane a line long. The type (A. figs. 1-7) as described was
found at the base of the cliff, and a variety (No. 381) ( B. fig. 8, var. olicjoclada), with much
fewer more elongated branches, near the encampment.

122 (186*). Selaginella (§ Stachygyxanduum) roraimensis, n. sp. (Plate LVI. C.
figs. 9-14) ; caule erecto 3-4-pinnato, ramis laxe dispositis ascendentibus ramulis
brevibus, foliis heteromorphis distichis membranaceis, plaiue inferioris laxis oblongo-
lanceolatis acutis valde ina3quilateralibus basi superiore producto late rotundato,
plana) superioris ovatis ascendentibus cuspidatis, spicis tetragonis. bracteis con-
formibus ovatis acutis valde imbricatis acute carinatis sporangiis duplo longioribus.
Belongs to tbe Radiates group in the neighbourhood of S. radiata and confusa. The
main steins are 4 or 5 inches long, the leafy branches £ in. broad, and the leaves of the
lower plane a line long. Pound in the neighbourhood of the encampment.

296 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

(271*.) Selaginella (§ Heterostachys) rhodostachya, n. sp. ; caule decuinbente, ramis
alternis cleltoideis flabellato-bipinnatis, foliis heteroniorphis disticbis menibranaceis,
planse inferioris laxe dispositis erecto-patentibus ovatis obtusis paulo insequilater-
alibus, planse superioris consimilibus duplo miuoribus valde ascendentibus, spicis
brevissimis platystachyoideis, bracteis diinorphis ovatis acutis membranaceis.
Belongs to tbe group Proniflora? in tbe neighbourhood of S. consimilis and Otonis.

The stems are half a foot in length, and the leafy branches ^ in. broad. This was

contained in the collection without any number.

MUSCI. By Mr. W. Mitten, A.L.S.

Hookeria (§ Omaeiadelphtjs) crispa, C. Mull. Bot. Zeit. 1855, p. 768. Perfectly fruited,

near encampment, no. 123.
Hypopterygium Tamarisci, Brid. ; Hyjmum Tamarisci, Sw. ; Hedw. Muse. Frond, t. 51.

Without fruit. Near encampment, no. 265.

Polytrichum aristiflorum, Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. vol. xii. p. 620. A few
barren stems, near encampment, no. 116.

Creeping over the roots of this are a few stems of Jungermannia perfoliata, Swartz,
or of one of the closely allied South-American species of the little group to which Mr.
Spruce has applied the name Syzygiella in the ' Journal of Botany,' 1876, intending it
to include Jungermannia perfoliata, J. contigua, and J. concreta, Gottsche, J. plagio-
chiloides and J. pectiniformis, Spruce, also J. macrocalyx, Mont. ; to these must be added
J. geminifolia, Mitt., Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. vol. vii. p. 161, from tropical Africa, and the
J. submtegerrima, Reinw. Bl. et Ne'es, Hep. Jav. in the ' Synopsis Hepaticorum,' placed in
Plagioehila (p. 55). To this species belong P. variegata, Lindenb., P. variabilis, Lacoste,
and also P. secwrifolia, Lindenb. Sp. Hep. t. x., all of which have the leaf-angles united on
both sides of the stem, even when they are not opposite, a characteristic which is not
mentioned in their original descriptions, or depicted in their figures, nor in that of the
J. macrocalyx as found in the ' Synopsis.' The perianth in J. submtegerrima agrees with
that found in the species allied to J. colorata, and, as in their case, is subtended by
shortened and dentate involucral leaves. Exactly similar instances of conjugation of
the leaf-angles are found in Plagiochila, some of which do not otherwise resemble
each other.

Plagiochila adiantoides, Lindenb. Male stems only, upper slope, no. 283.

Aneura bipinnata, Nees {Jungermannia, Sw.). Specimens taken from large tufts, upper

slopes, nos. 201, 284.

In these specimens the stems are 4-5 cm. high, including the side branches 1 cm. wide,

the ultimate ramuli with a limb of about two rows of more pellucid cells ; in A.fucoides,

Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 85, this limb is very much wider; in A. Poeppigiana it is nearly or

PROF. OLIVER ON NKW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 297

quite obsolete. Besides these there are several other remarkable South- American species :
A. alata, Gottschc, from Chili, a very large species ; A. prehensilis, Hook. f. et Tayl. Fl.
Ant. t. 1G0. fig. 9 (under Jungermannia) , originally from Ilermite Island, since collected
by Cunningham, with stems nearly six inches high, and always with its pruinose look
when dry ; A. polyclada, Mitt., gathered in Otway Harbour, Patagonia, during the visit
of the 'Challenger' Expedition, a small species about an inch and a half high (frons
dorso planus hcvis, ramis valde approximates bipinnatis, ventre ramulis curvulis crispulis
telam spongiosam formantibus, margine ubique limbo e cellularum 3-4 lato pellucidiore di-
stincto) ; A.pohjpteru, Mitt., from Magellan, collected in Cockle Cove by Dr. Coppinger,
H.M.S. 'Alert' (frons 10 cm. alt., 2 cm. lat., ramis approximatis tripinnatis ubique
lamina 5-6 cell, lata, limbatus dorso planus laevis ventre prsecipue in ramis ramulisque
lamellis angustis longitudinalibus vestitus) ; and A. denticulata, Mitt., from the Andes
of Bogota, gathered amongst mosses by Weir (frons 5-6 cm. altus cum ramulis 1 cm.
latus, ramis remotiusculis bipinnatis ubique limbo pellucidiore cell. 4 lato margine
denticulis divaricatis angustis subciliatus). All these species show that in South America
there is a development of larger forms than are yet known elsewhere.

Blepharozia PlORAIM^e. Polia erecto-patentia imbricata, cochleariformi-concava inte-
gerrima e lobulato obtusa ; involucralia conformia, perianthia (abortiva) cylindracea
abrupta obtusissima, ore parvo rotundo.

Prom the top of Roraima, one stem only.

Entire plant of a dark red-brown colour, about 4 cm. high ; it is divided below into two,
one branch being again forked, the leaves are imbricated in bifarious order and are
repeatedly in interrupted series ; each innovation arises from towards one side of the
dorsal base of the perianth with small leaves, which increase rapidly in size upwards, the
largest being the involucral, here the greatest diameter is about 4 mm. : the perianths
are also about 4 mm. long, and of these as many as four are observable on the undivided
stem, and as each innovation arises from the same position, they stand at the side of the
stem rather towards the ventral side ; in all particulars they closely resemble the abor-
tive perianths seen on B. sphagnoides and other species ; the young innovation also
closely agrees with that of the male amenta of that species ; but there is no trace of the
lobule, which is not, as has been supposed, distinct from the leaf in B. cochlear if ormis, but
is seen, from being an almost closed sac in some species, to be opened out in B. ecoluta.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES.
Plate XXXVII.

Figs. 1-8. (A.) Leitgebia Imthurniana, Oliver, sp. n. 1, plant in flower; 2, leaf; 3, pedicel and calyx;

4, bract ; 5, corona ; 6, two stamens and segment of corona ; 7, pistil ; 8, transverse section of

ovary.
Figs. 9-17. (B.) Bonnetia Roraima, Oliver, sp. n. 9, plant in flower ; 10, leaf ; 11, flower; 12, calyx ;

13, petal; 14, phalange of stamens; 15, a back and front view of stamen ; 1G, pistil ; 17,

transverse section of ovary.
Figs. 1 and 9 reduced sketches, fig. 8 nat. size ; all the other figures enlarged.
SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. II. '- V

298 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

Plate XXXVIII.

Figs. 1-6. (A.) Ravenia ruellioides, Oliver, sp. n. 1, portion of plant in flower; 2, calyx and pistil; 3,

corolla, laid open ; 4, anther, back and front ; 5, pistil ; 6, vertical section of ovary and disk.

All enlarged.
Figs. 7-13. (B.) Myrcia (§ Aulomyrcia) Roraimm, Oliver, sp. n. 7, plant; 8, bud; 9, expanded flower;

10, calyx, the petals and stamens removed; 11, stamen, back and front; 12, longitudinal

section of ovary and calyx-tube; 13, transverse section of ovary.

Plate XXXIX.

Figs. 1-9. (A.) Myrtus stenophyfla, Oliver, sp. n. 1, plant in flower and fruit; 2 & 3, leaf, above and
below ; 4, expanded flower ; 5, calyx and bracteoles ; 6, stamen, front and back view ; 7, trans-
verse section of ovary ; 8, fruit ; 9, seed. All enlarged.

Figs. 10-18. (B.) Microlicia bryanthoides, Oliver, sp. n. 10, plant in flower and fruit; 11, leaves;
12, bud; 13, expanded flower; 14, longer, 15, shorter stamens; 16, apex of ovary and style;
17, fruit; 18, seed. All enlarged.

Plate XL.

Figs. 1-6. Crepinella gracilis, March. , sp. n. 1, plant in flower ; 2, bud; 3, expanded flower ; 4, stamen,
front and back view ; 5, calyx-tube and ovary ; 6, longitudinal section of ovary. All
enlarged.

Plate XLI.

Figs. 1-8. Sciadophyllum coriaceum, March., sp. n. 1, plant in flower; 2, bud; 3, coherent petals;
4, petal apart ; 5, anther, back and front ; 6, ovary ; 7, transverse section of ovary ; 8, young

fruit. All enlarged.

Plate XLII.

Figs. 1-7. (A.) Psychotria Imtliurni ana, Oliver, sp. n. 1, plant in flower; 2, stipules; 3, expanded

flower ; 4, corolla, laid open ; 5, stamen, back and front ; 6, ovary and style ; 7, longitudinal

section of ovary.
Figs. 8-15. (B.) Psychotria concinna, Oliver, sp. n. 8, plant in flower; 9, stipules; 10, flower ; 11,

corolla, laid open; 12, anther, back and front; 13, ovary and style; 14, epigynous disk;

15, longitudinal section of ovary. All enlarged.

Plate XLIII.

Figs. 1-8. (A.) Baccharis Vitis-Idaa, Oliver, sp. n. 1, male plant, and 2, female plant ; 3, male capi-
tulum ; 4, floret; 5, seta of pappus; 6, stamens; 7, style; 8, female floret. All enlarged.

Figs. 9-16. (B.) Calea ternifolia, Oliver, sp. n. 9, plant in flower; 10 & 11, scales of involucre;
12, palea of receptacle ; 13, floret; 14, seta of pappus ; 15, anthers; 16, style. All enlarged.

Plate XLIV.

Figs. 1-6. (A.) Ledothamnus guyanensis, Meissn. 1, plant in flower; 2 & 3, leaves; 4, sepal; 5,

stamens, front and back view ; 6, pistil. All enlarged.
Figs. 7-11. (B.) Utricularia (§ Orchidioid.es) Campbelliana, Oliver, sp. n. 7, different views of plant

in flower , 8, ampullae ; 9, calyx-lobe ; 10, lower lip of corolla and spur ? ; 11, stamens. All

enlarged.

PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA. 299

Plate XLV.
Figs. 1 & 2. Tabebuia Roraimee, Oliver, sp. n. 1, plant in flower; 2, stamens. All enlarged.

Plate XLVI.

Figs. 1-6. (A.) Epidendrum Imthurnii, Ridley, sp. n. 1, plant in flower ; 2, flower; 3, labellum and
column, front view; 4, ditto, side view; 5, anther-case; 6, pollinia. All enlarged.

Figs. 7-10. (B.) Epidendrum violascens, Ridley, sp. n. 7, plant in flower ; 8, expanded flower ; 9, same,
posterior sepal and lateral petal attached ; 10, fruiting specimen. Figs. 7 and 10 about nat.
size, 8 and 9 are enlarged.

Plate XLVII.

Figs. 1-6. Zygopetalum venustum, Ridley, sp. n. 1, plant in flower; 2, labellum and column; 3, label-
lum, side view ; 4, column ; 5, anther-case ; 0, pollinium. All enlarged.

Plate XLVIII.

Figs. 1-6. (A.) Stenoptera adnata, Ridley, sp. n. 1, plant in flower; 2, flower; 3, labellum; 4,

column ; 5, same, side view ; 6, pollen. All enlarged.
Figs. 7-11. (B.) Pelexia aphy I 'la, Ridley, sp. n. 7, plant in flower ; 8, expanded flower ; 9, longitudinal

section of perianth-tube, with labellum ; 10, column ; 11, pollen. All enlarged.

Plate XLIX.

Figs. 1-6. (A.) Tofieldia Schumburgkiana, Oliver, sp. n. 1, plant in flower; 2, fragment of leaf, showing
ciliolate margin ; 3, flower ; 4, stamen ; 5, pistil ; 6, transverse section of ovary. All en-
larged.

Figs. 7-14. (B.) Pwpalanthus Roraimie, Oliver, sp. n. 7, plant ; 8, outer smaller, and inner larger
involucral bracts; 9, staminate flower and bracteole; 10, same, expanded; 11, inner peri-
anth-segment and adnate stamen; 12, stamen, back and front view; 13, pistillate flower;
14, pistil. All enlarged.

Plate L.

Figs. 1-8. (A.) Xyris setigera, Oliver, sp. n. 1, plant in flower ; 2, fragment of leaf, showing setose
margin; 3, involucral bract; 4, flower; 5, perianth, laid open; 6, stamen; 7, penicillate
staminodia; 8, style-branches. All enlarged.

Figs. 9-15. (B.) Xyris witsenioides, Oliver, sp. n. 9, plant in flower; 10 & 11, involucral scales; 12,
perianth, laid open; 13, 13a, anthers, back and front; 14, staminode; 15, pistil. All en-
larged.

Plate LI.

Figs. 1-6. Cryptangium stellatum, Boeckl. 1, plant; 2, branchlet of inflorescence; 3, spikelet; 4 & 5,
outer and inner glumes ; 6, anther. All enlarged.

Plate LII.

Figs. 1-8. Everardia montana, Ridley, sp. n. 1, plant; 2, branchlet of inflorescence ; 3, male spikelet;
4, florets; 5, glume; 6, stamens ; 7, female spikelet; 8, pistil and hypogynous setae. Fig. 1
about nat size, all others enlarged.

300 PROF. OLIVER ON NEW PLANTS FROM RORAIMA.

Plate LIII.

Figs. 1,2. Gymnogramme (§ Pterozonium) cyclophylla, Baker, sp. n. 1, plant; 2, portion of frond,
enlarged.

Plate LIV.

Figs. 1-5. Gymnogramme (§ Pterozonium) elaphoglossoides, Baker, sp. n. 1, upper, 2, lower surface of
frond; 3, palea; 4, portion of frond, showing venation and position of sori; 5, rootstock.
Figs. 3 and 4 enlarged.

Plate LV.

Figs. 1-5. Enter osora CampbeUii, Baker, gen. nov. 1, plant ; 2, palea ; 3, portion of frond, showing
venation and sori ; 4, horizontal section of a frond ; 5, portion of same, much enlarged.

Plate LVI.

Figs. 1-7. (A.) Selaginella (§ Stachygynandrum) vernicosa, Baker, sp. n. 1, plant; 2, fertile branch ;

3, front view of portion of stem, and 4, back view of same ; 5, stipule (or smaller leaf) ; 6, bract;

7, capsule.
Fig. 8. (B.) Selaginella (§ Stachygynandrum) vernicosa, var. oligoclada.
Figs. 9-14. (C.) Selaginella (§ Stachygynandrum) roraimensis, Baker, sp. n. 9, plant ; 10, fertile

branch; 11, back of stem; 12, leaf ; 13, stipule ; 14, bract with capsule.
Figs. 1, 8, and 9 of natural size, all the othei's enlarged.

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LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

MEMORANDA CONCERNING PUBLICATIONS.

Journals. — The first VIII. volumes contain papers both on Botany and Zoology, and each volume is divided
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v„i „, When Price to the
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1 o o

2nd Ser. BOTANY.]

LVOL. VI. PART 1.

THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF

THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS MADE BY

Messrs. F. V. McCONNELL AND J. J. QUELCH AT

MOUNT RORAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA.

BY

N. E. BROWN, A.L.S., & others.
(Communicated by Sir W. Thiselton-Dyer, K.C.M.G., F.R.S.)

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THE LINNEAN SOCIETY

BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

SOLD AT THE SOCIETY'S APARTMENTS, BURLINGTON-HOUSE, PICCADILLY, AV.,
AND BY LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO., PATERNOSTER-ROW.

January 1901.

T \i A NS A ( TI ON 8

(>K

T H E LINNEAN S 0 C I E T Y.

I. Report on ttco Botanical Collections made by Messrs. F. V. McConnell and J. .J.
Quelch at Mount Roraima in, British Guiana. By N. E. Brown, A.L.S., and
others. (Communicated by Sir William Thiseltox-Dyer, K.C.3I.G-, F.R.S.,
F.L.S., Director of the Royal. Botanic Gardens, Kew.)

(Plates I. -XIV.)

Road loth March, 1900.

Contents.

Page

Introduction. By I. H. Bukkill, M.A., F.L.S 1

Enumeration of the Plants collected 8

I. Spermatophyta. By N. E. Brown, A.L.S. (the Orchidacese by R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S.). ... 18

II. Pteridophyta. By C. H. Wrisht, A.L.S 77

III. Bryophyta : Musci. By V. F. Brotherds, Ph.D 88

Hepatica1. By F. Stephaxi 93

IV. Thallophyta. By G. Masses, F.L.S 101

INTRODUCTION.

By I. H. Burkill, M.A., F.L.S.

I N the autumn of 1894 Messrs. F. V. McConnell and J. J. Quelch first visited Roraima ;
they were there again in the autumn of 1898, and on hoth occasions not only encamped
higher on the slopes of the mountain than any previous traveller, but they spent nights
on the summit in order that the time given to collecting its flora and fauna should be
uninterrupted. The collections of plants were transmitted to Kew, and hoth are
enumerated in this paper.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. VI. B

2 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

In 1894 the journey to Roraima commenced (October 16) at Kwaimatta, a village on
the open savannah to the south-east in latitude 3° 50' N. The Ireng was crossed at the
Karona Falls, the Kotinga at Sokoking, a ford not named on the older maps, but situated
a little to the south of the meeting of the Kotinga and Karakanang streams. Thence
the way led into the Arabapu Valley (November 3), on the north and west sides of which
rise the slopes of Roraima. The return journey was commenced on November 11, and
the route taken crossed the Kotinga nearer its source at Orinidoui (apparently the
" Orinidouk " of the old maps), and the Ireng again at the Karona Falls.

In 1898 the journey was commenced (August 20) on the lower Mazaruni River. The
great bend of this river, where the Peaiman Falls occur, was avoided by a porterage
from the Kurubung Creek to the upper Mazaruni, which was again left by the Kako
River; the Kako was paddled up until a point was reached about twenty miles north-east
of Roraima, and thence, leaving the canoes, a track through dense forest was taken until,
in the second week of October, the south-eastern face of the mountain was reached.
Roraima was left again at the end of October, and the way retraced to the lower
Mazaruni.

Three days in 1894, nine in 1898, were spent in making collections upon the broken
plateau which forms the summit of Roraima.

Visitors to Roraima.

R. H. SCHOMBUROK . . . .

R. H. and

Richard Schojtburgk .

Carl Arru.v

C. B. Brown and
J. Gr. Sawkins.

.J. W. Boddam-Whe III All
and M. McTtjrk.

D. Burke

Siedel

E. F. isi Thurn and
H. I. Perkins.

E. Kromer

Dressel

F. V. McConneu. and

J. J. Ql'ELCH.

F. V. McUonniii. and

J. J. QUELCH.

Year.

lSIiS

L842

1864
L869

L878

1881
1 884
1S84

1886
1887
1894

L898

Month.

Nov.

End Oct. to
Dec. 5.

End Oct. to
Nov. 22.

End Jan. to
end Feb.

Early Feb.

March.

Feb. to Apr.

and Nov.

Nov. to Dec.

Nov.
Oct.
Nov.

Oct.

Height reached.

Base of Mountain.

Base of cliff on S.
side.

Route to Roraima

Return Journey.

From S. over Hunii-
rida Mtns.

ditto.

Base of cliff on E. From X. over
and S. sides. Merume Mtn<.

Upper slopes. From S.I',.

ditto.

ditto.

ditto.

Summit from the
S. side.

ditto.

ditto.

ditto.

ditto.

From X. over
Merume Mtns.

From X.

From R. Potaro to
Ireng, then to
Roraima from S.E.

From N. over

Merume Mtns.
From S.E.

From N. over
Merume Mtns.

Retraced steps.

At first S., then to
W. of Roraima.
Retraced steps.

Towards S.E. to
Pirara.

Retraced steps.

Retraced >t<-|i^.

To S.E. by a some-
what parallel
track.

Retraced steps.

MOUNT KnKAIMA IN BK1T18H GUIANA. 3

JlijHHtmnec and Structure of lioritihta, and its Geographical Relations to the Moun-
tain-systems of South America. — Im Tliuni and Perkius, who made the first ascent on
December 18, 18S I, reached (he top under unfavourable conditions: they had ascended
that dav from their base-camp at 5100 feet, and only reached the summit in the
afternoon, when clouds almost invariably envelop it; they had no means of remaining
there, and were forced to return after a very short stay of three hours. Perkins speaks
of these clouds as impenetrable (Proc. Boy. Geogr. Soe. vii. 1885, p. 532)*; at all
events they limited the range of exploration, and the report was made that "the
vegetation on the summit is extremely scanty and insignificant, there being no trees,
only small hushes from three to six feet in height, growing at long intervals." It has
been reserved for McConnell and Quelch to ascertain that there exist in favoured
places trees which attain a height of no less than forty feet.

Of the ascents of Dressel and Kromer I can glean no more than is in a brief notice in
• Timehri,' 1887, p. 330. Neither can have remained on the summit for more than a fevi
hours.

The features of this summit are: — Blackened elevated ridges, irregularly terraced and
rugged; winding gullies which drain away the superabundant rain through shallow
pools ; patches of sand in their shelter with isolated small bushes ; clumps of vegetation
lodged in the most protected s]>ots ; piles of wind-cut rocks without a sign of plant-life,
rising into pinnacles ; no soil ; the keen northerly wind, and mists which gather at least
after noon on almost every day in the whole year. The highest pinnacle rises to
8740 feet ; the deepest gully may be 400 feet helow it.

The known sides of the mountain which face north-east and south-easL, produce rocky
sivannah up to 5000 or 5100 feet, the rocks so numerous that Ajipun likens the country
to a grave-yard ; then forest to 7100 feet, dense below but stunted and more open above ;
and from this altitude rise the precipitous cliffs, which give to the whole the appearance
of a vast fortress with a tree-clad glacis slope.

These precipices were deemed impossible of ascent by the travellers they had baffled
until AVhitely indicated, and im Thurn showed practicable, the one known ledge leading
to the summit.

The rock is a quartzose sandstone interbedded with diorite. The topmost and thickest
bed of diorite comes to the surface where the dense forest is ; the lower beds make a
series of terraces down the lower slopes. These beds lie perfectly horizontal without
folding or other sign of any great disturbance. Diorite lends itself to the formation of a
soil f, the sandstone does not.

Such sandstones as constitute Roraitna have a very wide extension in South America ;
they pass eastward into Surinam; Duida is made of them; they form the bed-rock of
the llanos of Venezuela, and appear in the Caripe mountains to the east of Caraeas ;
in Brazil the area occupied by them is immense.

* Of. im Thurn in ' Timehri,' 1 885, p. 41.

t The Indians prepare their provision-grounds on the diorite (see Brown & Sawkins, Reports, p. 17). ami those
living under the south-eastern face of ltoraima have placed them far up- the sister-mountain of Kukenaam, \\
the diorite comes to the surface (Quelch. in ' Timehri,' 1895, p. 16 I I

b2

4 REPOET OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

All this sandstone area belongs to the oldest land of South America : against the edge
of it the Andes were heaped up — newer land which grew to its present form in the
tertiary period, and formed a link of high ground round the head of the then existing
Amazon valley.

It is significant to us that the chief mountain-systems of South America outside
the Andes reach very similar heights and similarly stand more or less parallel to the
nearest coast, whence the trade-winds bring an abundance of rain. These mountain-
systems are three : (1) the Coast Andes of Venezuela, of direct eruptive origin, but
continued eastward from Caracas in the lesser sandstone mountains of Caripe; (2) the
Parime mountains with Roraima at the eastern end and Duida at the western end ;
and (3) the mountains of South Brazil formed of schists tipped at a high angle.

Coast Andes.

Niaguata 9125 feet.

Silk of Caracas 8741 „

Taraava 8052 .,

Heights * north of the Equator.

Parime .Mountains.

Roraima 8740 feet.

Duida 8278 „

[Peaks near Duida estimated at 10,000 feet.]

Height** in South Brazil.

Itatiaia 8999 feet.

Organ Mountains 0609 „ and more.

Serra da Caraya . 041 1 „

Itambe ... 5900 feet.

Serra da Piedada 5874 „

Itaeolumi 5700 ,,

Unlike in geological structure the three systems are unlike as well in their relation
to the Andes. The Casiquiare, by uniting the Orinoco and Amazon, encircles the Parime
mountains, and the undulating country of little elevation to the west of it effectually
separates this system from the Andes ; the plains of Matto Grosso, &c, wherein rise
within a few miles of each other the Paraguay and Madeira, to flow the one north, the
other south, separate the Brazilian mountains and the Andes ; but the Venezuelan coast-
range is most intimately bound to the Andes proper through the Cordillera of Merida.

Spanish settlers in the New World soon came to recognize a belt on the mountains of
the tropics suited to their needs and for the growth of their food-plants. They called it
the temperate land — " tierra templada," — and the range of its mean annual temperature
may be set down as 15°-20° C. (59°-77° F.). Above the " tierra templada" is the "tierra
fria," below it the " tierra caliente."

The limits of these belts depend on exposure. In the Venezuelan mountains, according
to Sievers (' Venezuela,' p. 2G), the " tierra fria " extends from about 7200 feet upwards ;
among the Great Andes it sometimes commences as high as 10,000 feet ; on Roraima

* The heights of the Coast Andes are taken from Sievers's ' Venezuela' (Hamburg, 1888), pp. 277, 278 ; those
of Duida and neighbouring peaks from Sir Robert Schomburgk's narrative in Proc. Roy. Geogr. Soc. x.
1840, p. 245; and those of the Brazilian mountains, Itambe excepted, from Liais, ' Climats, Ge'ologie, Faune
et Geographie botanique du Bresil' (Paris, 1872), pp. 45-49. Most astounding are the erroneous statements
published regarding the altitudes of the Brazilian mountains ; for instance, the Serra dos Pyrenaos, estimated
previously to reach 9700 feet, proves to be no more than 4543 feet (G'ruls, ' Relatorio da Commisao exploradora,' Rio,
1894, p. 26).

MOUNT KORAI.MA IN BRITISH GUIANA.

it descends presumedly into fehe forest-belt or to the base of the dills*. Roraima bears
t lie most eastern patch of " tierra fria " upon the northern side of tbe Amazon.

Some hundreds of feel above the commencement of tbe "tierra fria" is the limit
of trees. There are reasons for believing that both the Coast Andes and Etoraima just
reach this limit; tbey do not distinctly rise above it

The Flora. — Passing on to a consideration of the nature of the flora of Roraima 1 have
given in the table on pp. 8-16 as complete a list as is now possible of the species found
on tbe mountain above 5000 feet, and we have in it :

2:5!) Spermatophyta, of which 121 (50'6 per cent.) are endemic.

88 Pteridophyta, of which 16 (18'2 per cent.) are endemic.

63 Bryophyta, of which 15 (23"8 per cent.) are endemic.

11 Thallophyta, of which 3 (27'3 per cent.) are endemic.
The proportion of endemic Spermatophyta may seem large, but does not exceed that on
record for some of the mountains of Mexico. Of far greater interest is the number of
endemic genera. The law that mountains by their isolation and extension, as well as bv
their latitude, ]>roduce endemic genera, is illustrated by their number in the ranges of
Cis-equatorial South America ; thus, there are eleven among the Spermatophyta on
Roraima, and only two on the Coast Andes, which are comparatively small and not
isolated ; but I am aware of no fewer than thirty-six in tbe extensive Andes of Colombia,
including with them the Cordillera of Merida.

The endemic genera of Roraima are enumerated on p. 7. They belong to as mauv
orders. One of them — Seliamphora — has no kindred in South America, but belongs,
like Oyrilla, to a North-American group ; all the rest have more or less close allies
in genera of the South-American continent. Ledothamnus, however, deserves further
remark because it is one of the very few Ericaceae with ericoid leaves which exist in the
New World.

* This belief is based chiefly upon the nature of the flora. With regard to temperature the following may be
added: — Hanu (' Handbuch der C'limatologie,' Stuttgart, 1883, p. 152), after quoting Boussiugault's estimate for
the Andes of the tropics that ••37° C. in mean annual temperature is lost for every 100 metres ascended, and
Humboldt's for Mexico and Colombia of '53° C. for every 100 metres, adds : " as a general rule for the tropics ona
may allow '58° C. for the amount of heat lost in every 100 metres ascended." This is equivalent to -4° F. for every

100 feet. As the mean annual temperature of Demerara is 81°, we obtain for Roraima these figures : 65° F. at

4000 feet, 00° at 5400. 53° at 7100, 47° at 8600, and 40 at 8740 feet. The following are all the recorded
observations of which I am aware : —

Night.

6-8 A.M.

Summit, Quelch in 1894 47° F.

,, im Thurn ....

About 7000 ft., Appun 50°

About 6400 ft., Quelch 50J

About 5400 ft., R. Schomburgk . . 52°

,, ,, ,, im Thurn 48°

At the base, R. Schomburgk. ..... 58" and below

i, ,• ,, oo o

„ ,, Brown ....

„ „ Boddam-Whetham . . i Below 60°

„ „ Quelch < 54°

49-52° F.

62°

59°

Midday and afternoon.

64°-5 F.
54° (in mist).

87° (shade).
100° (sun).

6 REPOET ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

The endemic genera of the Coast Andes are Enosmia and Caracasia. Euosmia, Humb.
& Bonpl., belongs to the Rubiaceae, and was found by Humboldt and Bonpland in the
mountains of Caripe ; it is a little obscure and needs re-examination. Caracasia, Szyszy.
( Vargasia, Ernst) is a genus of the Marcgravieae, with two species found near Caracas ;
it is nearly related to the genus Ruyschia, found in the West Indies and from Guiana
to Peru.

Following the list of endemic genera on p. 7 are three lists to be considered together.
All are of genera represented in the tierra fria of the Andes : the first contains seven
found on Eoraima, throughout the Andes to Chili, and in South Brazil ; the second
contains fourteen found on Eoraima and in the Northern Andes, but reaching neither
Chili nor the mountains of South Brazil; the third list contains thirteen found in the
Andes, which have passed aloDg the Coast Andes to Niaguata or the Silla of Caracas*,
but have not yet been found on Eoraima.

These lists illustrate two points : — in the first place, they indicate how the Coast
Andes belong essentially to the Andes proper, — and the community of genera extends
to sjiecies in Cinchona, Accena, Cardamine, and Berberls ; in the second place, that
Eoraima and the mountains of South Brazil only have in common among woody plants
montane genera so widely Andine as to pass from Colombia to Chili. One is then led to
suspect that the mountains near Eio de Janeiro obtained their Andine shrubby genera
from the south-west, and that in their case the plains of Matto Grosso have been a very
similar barrier to immigration as the wooded hills on the west of the Casiquiare have
been to the Parime mountains.

Six more genera are named in a last list ; they are common to Eoraima and to tin1
mountains of South Brazil, without reaching Chili ; but they all descend to low levels in
the Province of Alto Amazonas, and obviously are not montane in a restricted sense.

< )ther genera which cannot be regarded as truly montane, contribute montane forms
to the flora of Eoraima. The most notable of these is Abolboda, of which genus
A. Sceptrum is by far the largest species.

Saxofrederida regalis is, like Abolboda Sceptrum, the largest of its genus. Lisianthm
Elizabethce and another species collected under this name by Appun are among the
largest-flowered of these gentians; and Utricularia Rvmboldtii so impressed Sir Eobert
Scbomburgk by its showy blossoms as to cause him to name the place where be first saw
it the El Dorado Swamp, after the treasure-city Raleigh and others sought in Guiana.

im Thurn has suggested a resemblance between the floras of Eoraima and the
Brazilian mountains (Trans. Linn. Soc, ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 257), but the similarities
he notes are much more due to similarities of climate than to any evidently intimate
relationship between them in times past.

A very rough estimate of the number of genera of Spermatophyta in the flora of
British Guiana places the total at 1070. The orders most strongly represented
are :— Leguminosae 86, Orchidaceae 66, Bubiaceae 54, Compositae 44, Gramineae 43,
Euphorbiaceae 31, and Melastomaceae 28. On Eoraima above 5000 feet, the order

* Ernst in Journ. Bot, x. 1872, p. 261 ; in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, xxii. Rev. Bibl. p. 239 ; in ' Idea general de la
Flora de Venezuela ' in ' Estudios sobre la Flora v Fauna de Venezuela ' (Caracas, 1877), pp. 21 2-235 ; and elsewhere.

MOUNT RORA1MA IN BRITISH GUIANA.

Endemic Genera \2 occur on the Kaieteur Savannah),

Heliamphora (Sarraceniaceae). Notopura (Vacciniacese).

Leitgebia (Violacese). Ledothamnus (Ericaceae).

Biepharandra (Malpighiacea3 . Connel/ia (Bromeliaceae).

Crepinella (Araliacese). Nietneriu (Liliaceae).

Chalepophyllum (Rubiaceae). Everardia (Cyperaceas).

Quelchia (Conipositae) . [Enterosora (Filices)].

Genus J'oii ml at either end of the Parime Mountains.
Sfri/olcpis ( Rapateaceae) .

Genera of I hi' Amies (as regards S. America) extending from the North l<> Chile,
also to Horaima and the Mountains of South Brazil '.

Drimys (Magnoliacea?)
? Monnina (Polygalaceae).
Weinmannia ( Saxifragacese

Relbuniiuu ( Rubiaceae).

Gaul t her ia ( Ericaceae).
Pernetlya (Ericaceae).
Puya (Bromeliaceae).

Genera of the Northern Andes (as regards S. America), not overpassing Bolivia
southwards, reaching Horaima, but not South Brazil.

Chielolepis (Melastomacese).
Centronia (Mclastomaceae).
Monoch(elum (Melastomaceae).
Viburnum (Caprifoliaceae ).
Psammisia (Vacciniacese).
Cavendishia (Vacciniacea' ).
Vaccin'mm (Vacciiiiacete).

Sophoclesia (Vaeciuiaceae).
Sphyrospermum (Vacciniacea;) .
Befaria (Ericacea:).
Grammadenia ( Myrsiuaceae) .
Scaphosepulum (Orchiclaceae).
Lepanthes (Orchidaceie).
Tofieldia (Liliaceae).

Genera extending from the Andes along the Coast Andes of Venezuela to the
Neighbourhood of Caracas, but not yet found on the Parime Mountains.
Berbrris (Berberidaceae). Sedum (Crassulaceae).

Cardamine (Cruciferae).
Arenaria (Caryophyllaceoe).
Adesmia (Leguminosae).
Acmia (Rosaceae).
Potentilla (Rosaceae).
Escallonia (Saxif'nigaceae).

Cinchona (Rubiaceae).
Galium (Rubiaceae).
Espeletia (Compositae).
Gaylussucia (Vacciniaceas).
Muehlenbergia ( G ram ineae) .

Genera, found on Boraima and the Mountains of South Brazil, avoiding the
Chilian Andes, but occurring at low levels in Alto Amazonas, 8rc.

Remijia (Rubiaceae).
Ladenbergia (Rubiaceae).
Stifftia (Compositoe).

Hedyosmum (Chlorantbaceae ) .
Masdevallia (Orchidaceaeh
Stenoptera (Orchidaceae).

8

REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FBOM

of the Orchidaceae comes first, Melastomaceae second, Compositar- third, and Rubiace;c
and Gramineae bracketed fourth.

It is unfortunate that all the plants collected on the upper parts of Boraima have
been gathered in the last three months of the year. February brings to lloraima a few
bare trees (Appun, ' Unten den Tropen,' ii. p. 220): March brings copious Gesnerads into
flower, at least at the foot of the mountain (Boddani- "Whetham, ' Boraima ') ; and April is
a month producing more flowers than November (Siedel fide im Thurn in Trans. Linn.
Soc, ser. II. ii. p. 250) ; but I am unable to record anything collected above 5000 feet
during these months.

In conclusion, my thanks for help are due to Messrs. McConnell, Quelch, and C. B.
Clarke, to my colleagues, and also to Professor T. Mclvenny Hughes and Dr. William
Pollard.

The Flora of Roraima above oOWfeet, as now known, with the Geographical

Distribution of each Species.

MagnoliaCE.*:.

Drimys granatensis, Mutis

Sakracexiace.e.

Heliamphora nutans, Benth

VjOLACE-E.

Sauvagesia erecta, Linn

Leitgebia Imthurniana, Oliver. . . .

PoLYGALACEiE.

Polygala gloehidiata, H. P. & K. . .
„ Jiygrophila, H. P. & K.. .
„ longicaulis, H. P. & K. . .

,, variabilis'!, H. P. & X.. .
Monnina cacumina, X. E. Pr

GUTTIFEK^E.

Moronobea intermedia, Engl

Clusia palmicida, Rich

Ternsth<emiace_e.

Marcgravia sp

Bonnetia Roraima?, Oliver

Archytasa multiflora, Benth

Malvaceae.

Sida Unifolia, Benth

Malpighiace.e.

Byrsonima crassifolia, H. B. & K.

Heteropteris oil e<r folia, Uriseb

Tetrapteris rhodopteron, Oliver . .
sp

PUTACE35.

Ravenia ruellioides, Oliver

Ilicacej!.

Hex retusa, Klotzsch

„ apicidens, N. E. Br

„ vacciniifolia, Klotzsch

Ledge.

to Summit.

to Ledge.

Ledge & Summit.

to 5400 ft.

to 5400 ft.
to 54(Hi tt.
to 5400 ft.
Summit.

:it 5400 ft.
to 600O ft.

at 5400 ft.
Summit,
to 6000 ft.

to 540O ft.

to 5401 I ft .
to Upper slopes.
to 5400 ft.
to 5400 ft.

Upper slope.

to Summit.
Summit,
to 6000 ft.

pq

— r ~
■- bo

™ 3!

s s

DO

P

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N - —

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W. Indies.

• •

*

*
*

*
*

*

*
*

*

*

*
*
*
#

*
*

*

*

*
*
*

*
*

*

*

*
*
*
*

*

#
*

*

*
*

*
*

n

o

= s

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■i
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4

*

Africa.

MOUNT HOKATMA IN BRITISH GUIANA.

0

e

if

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2 .5
IS '£

J3

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1 -1

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- a

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Isewhere in
America.

2
o

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P"

P

Q

H

5

CxRILLA.CE.aS.

CyrUhi bi'evifoUa, N. E, Br

Summit.

Leciuminosa

Swarizia sp

at 5000 ft.

to Upper slopes.

Gtssiti insignis, X. E. lir

to Upper .slopes.
to Upper slopes.

Villi, riihihui hi J, rrugineum, licntli. ..

Rosacea.

to 7100 ft.

to 7100 ft.

*

*

*

*

Saxikuaoace.e.

Weinmannia guyanensis, Klotzsch . .

to Summit.

elliptica, II. B. & K. . .

to 6000 ft.

, .

*

*

,, fagaroides, II. B. & K.

Summit.

. .

*

Droserace.e.

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

Myrtace/t,.

to Summit.

. .

*

*

*

„ roraimensis, N. E. Br

Summit.

Ledge.

Mklastomack.k.

Microlida bryantJioklea, Oliver ....

to Summit.

Cambessedesia Roraimce, Rich.

to 6000 ft.

Schomb.

Siphanthera microli-cioides, Cogn, . .

to 5401) ft.

Macairea aspera, N. E. Br

Upper slopes.

Tibouchina fralerna, N. E. Br

Upper slopes.

to 5400 ft.

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

Chcetolepis anisandra, Naud

to Lcdfje.

to 710(1 ft.
Summit.

*

*

*

*

to Summit.

*

*

at 600D ft.
at 5750 ft.

Cenlronia crassiramis, Triana

Miconiu tinifolia, Naud

to Summit.
Upper slopes.
tn 5400 ft.

*
*
*
*

*
*

*
*
*
*

*
*
*

, holosericea, !•(■

,, Fothergilla, Naud

*

*

to 6000 ft.

„ guyanensis, Aubl

to 6000 ft.

*

*

to 6000 ft.

*

*

*

tu 6000 ft.

*

Passiflorai IE 1 .

about 5400 ft.

Begoniaceje.

at 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

ArALIAIT./I'.

Didymopanax rugosum, N. E. Br. . .

Summit.

Sciadophyllum coriaceum, March. . .

at 540O ft.

,, umbellatum, X. E. Br.

Upper slopes.

Summit.

('U'KIFOLIACE.E.

Viburnum glabratum, H. B. & K. . .

to 7100 ft.

, ,

*

*

*

*

B.UBIACEJ5.

to 6000 ft.

*

to 60(H) ft.

*

„ ih nsiflora, Benth

i«. 6000 ft.

Ladenbergia Lambertiana, Klotzsch

to 6000 ft.

*

Chalepophyllum speciosum, N. E. Br.

Summit.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. VI.

10

REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

o

~"

c

""

3?

" T3
- -

TO

C3

t i

2

F '—

B t

"3 "o

S'.S

'I

"3 5

% 1 *

CO

1|

>

ti

O

5

RuBIACE.E (CUIlt).

to 5400 ft.

¥fr

*
*

*

*

*

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

Retinijahyllum laxiflorum, XT.E. Br. .

Upper slopes.

to Summit.

to 6000 ft.

*

*

*

to 6000 ft.

*

*

,, Imthurniana, Oliver ....

to Ledge.

to 6000 ft.

Declimxia chiococcoides, H. B. & K. .

to 540(i ft.

*

*

*

*

to 5400 it.

*

*

to 5400 ft.

Composite.

to 6000 ft.

*

to 6000 ft,

*

*

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

#

N. & S.

„ roraimense, X. E. Br. ..

Summit.

„ fuscum, N. E. Br

Summit.

nt 5400 ft.

Baceharis Vitis-idcea, Oliver

to Summit.

„ sp., near B. eassince-

Summit.

ffeterothalamus densus, X. E. Br. . .

Summit.

Qnaphalium purpureum, Linn

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

X. & S.

*

to 5400 ft.

to 5400 ft.

#

#

*

*

*

Quelchia conferta, N. E. Br

Summit.

Erechtites hieraciifolia, Rafln

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

X. & S.

Iutrod.

Stifftia eondensata, Baker

to Summit.

Connellii, N. E. Br

Summit,

Lobeliacej:.

( ', ntrqpoc/on laevigatus, A. DC

to Ledge.

*

, surinamensis, Presl

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

#

*

*

Vacctniace*.

Psammisia guianensis, Klotzsch . . . .

at 6000 ft.

„ formosa, Klotzsch ....

nt o ft.

M corktcea, XT. E. Br

Summit.

In 5400 ft.

Notopora SchomburgJcii, Hook. f. . .

to 5400 ft.

Cavendishia sp. (Thibaudia nutans,

at 6000 ft.

Vaceinium puberulum, Klotzsch

to 6000 ft.

n roraimtmse, X. E. Br.

Summit.

Sphyrospermum Roraimce, Klotzsch

to 6000 ft.+

Ledge.

Eric mie.

Pernettya marginata, X. E. Br

Summit.

Gaultheria setuhsa, X. E. Br

Summit.

cordifolia,~K.B.&~K..(G.

Roraimce, Klot/.sch)

to 54(io ft.

*

*

*

/. dothamnus sessiliflorus, XT. E. Br. .

to Summit.

to Ledge.

„ Imihumii, X. E. Br

Summit,

„ SchomburgJcii, Klotzsch . . . .

to 6000 ft.

1IYRSINACE.E.

to 6000 ft.

Cybianthus sp

at 6000 ft.

t If synonymous with Hw/Jma guianensis, Klotzsch & Rich. Schomb.

MOUNT KOKAI.MA I\ BKITLSII GUIANA.

11

2 ll

a

P

"S3

.2
c

M

S3

_ c

u -

c 8
1. ■•

0

fe

vj

0
0

>

£

a-

0

s

0

Ml Rsl.VU'K.E [cuiil.).

Grammadenia lineata, Benth

to 5400 ft.

Ardisia Qu< Ichii, N. E. Br

Suiiiinil .

•

Su'oTACE.K.

Ghrysophyllwm emarginatwm,

at 6000 ft.

*

Luctnnn r'n/ii/ii, Mart. & Eichl. ....

at 5400 ft.

Atocynacej:.

Mandevilla any us ti folia (Echites an-.

gustifolia, Benth.) . .

to 6000 ft.

Upper slopes.

ASCLEPIADAOE 1 .

Nephradenia linearis^, Benth

to •r)4()n ft.

*

*

Logan iack-k.

to Upper slopes.

*

*

Gentian u e.k.

Curtui tenuiflora (Schuebleria tenui-

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

Lisianthus uliginosus, Miq

to Upper slopes.

*

*

„ Elisabethce, Griseb

to Ledge.

„ Imihumianus, < (liver

Summit.

Quelchii, N. E. Br

Summit.

ScKornri. \ni\CE.E.

Melasma'', spathaeeum, Oliver ....

Upper slopes.

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

Lentibulmuach-k

Utricularia Humboldtii, Rob.

to Ledge.

Upper slopes,
to Upper slopes.

*

*

,, Campbelliana, Oliver . .

„ alpina, Jacq. (U. mon-

tana, Jacq.)

to Upper slopes.

*

*

Quelchii, N. E. Br

Summit.

,, roraimensis, N. E. Br. . .

Summit.

Genlisea roraimensis, X. E. Br

Summit.

Bignojhacej3.

to Upper slopes.

VERBENACE-Si.

Lippia SchoniburgJciana, Schauer . .

to Upper slopes.

*

Labiat-E.

to 5400 ft,

*

*

* ■

*

*

*

PoLVflONACE^;.

Coccoloba Schomhuvgkii, Meissti

to 541 M 1 ft.

Pipebace.t:.

Peperomia reflexa, A. Dietr

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

#

*

*

*

to Upper slopes.

*

*

at 54(H) ft.

ChloranthacejE.

Hedyosmum brasiliense '.', Mart

Upper slopes.

*

Proteack.e.

Roupala Schomburgkii, Klotzsch

at 6000 ft.

LORAXTHACEJE.

to 6000 ft.

Phoradendron Roraimce, Oliver . . ..

Ledge & Summit.

ErjPHORBIACE.E.

Phyllanthus pycnophyllus, Muell.-

at 54i 11 1 ft.

+ Apparently C auratum, Miq.

c2

12

REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS EROM

pq

§ £

MP*

OS

o

s s
o

T5
c .
c ^
£ 83

^ .—

S.g

>

05

•r

£ S
o

c

5J "C

s

2

o

is
3

ECPHORBIACE-E (cout.).

at 0000 ft.

Africa..

Upper slopes.

*

*

¥

v

*

*

BuRMANNIACE^I.

Burmannia bicolor, Mart

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

Africa.

Dictyostegia orobanchoides, Miers

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

Okchidaue^e.

to Upper slopes.

*

*

,, roraimensis, Rolfe . . . .

Summit.

Slelis grandiflora, Lindl

Upper slopes.
Upper slopes,
at 5400 ft.

*

*

Masdevallia picturata, Reichb. f. . .

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

to Upper slopes.

Summit.

Summit.

„ sp

Upper slope.

Bulbophyllumsj). (B. gerae'nse, Ridley,

vix Reichb. f.) . .

to 5400 ft,

„ roraimense, Rolfe ....

Summit.

Elleanthus furfuraceus, Reichb. f. . .

Upper slopes.

..

*

*

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

Summit.

„ TmtTmmii, Ridley . . . .

Summit.

to Upper slopes.

*

*

to 5400 ft.

*

,, montigenum, Ridley. . . .

Summit.

Summit,

Oattleya Lawreneeana, Reichb. f. . .

to 6000 ft,

Zygopetalum Burkei, Reichb. f. ....

to Upper slopes.

Eriopsis Schomburgkii, Reichb. f. . .

to Upper slopes.

*

Houlletia roraimensis. Rolfe

to Upper slopes.

Catasetum discolor, Lindl.

to Upper slopes.

#

*

Maxillaria Qn.elc7t.ii, Rolfe .

Summit.

Oneidium nigratum, Lindl. .

to 4500 ft.
to 6000 ft.
Upper slope,
to Upper slopes.

*

*

Sobralia LiUastrum, Lindl

Epistephium Iveidum, Cogn

*

*

Stenoptera viscosa, Reichb. f

to Upper slopes.

*

*

,, adnata, Ridley

U pper slopes.

Spiranthes bifida, Ridley

to 5400 ft.

Pogonia parviflora, Lindl.

to Upper slopes.

*

s.

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

„ tenuis, Reichb. f

Summit.

*

$

#

Habenaria roraimensis, Rolfe . .

Summit.

,, parviflora, Lindl

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

s.

„ Moritzii, Ridley

to Upper slopes.

*

Selenipedium Lindleyanum, Reichb. f.

to 54(1(1 ft.

Bkomeliace^;.

Brocchinia eordylinoides, Baker ....

to Ledge.

Puya fl'iccosa. Morren ....

at 6000 ft.

to Summit.

*

*

Connellia Augustce, N. E. Br

„ Quelchii, N. E. Br

Summit.

Tillandsia rhodocincta, Baker

Summit.

MOUNT RORAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA.

K5

S3

o

a
_2 a

(»

5

a

2

U

pq

~ 51

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pqpn

— ' .E

s.s

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>

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5

Lii.ucE.as.

Nietneria corymbosa, Klotzsch &Eich.

to Summit,
to Summit.

Tofieldia Schomburglciana, Oliver . .

Xyripack.k.

.Xiiris setigera, Oliver

to Ledge.

$

Upper slopes
(? Ledge).

„ wiUerioides, Oliver

to 7300 ft.

„ concinna, N. E. Br

Summit.

to Summit.

B.APATEACE.E.

Saxofredericia regaUs, Rob. Sehomb.

to 5000 ft.

Stegolepis guianensis, Klotzsch ....

to Summit.

Palm.e.

at 5400 ft.

to Upper slopes.

Arace.3s.

Anthuriwn roraimense, X. E. Br. . .

at 5400 ft.

Eriocatjlacejs.

Papalantlms Schomburglii, Klotzsch

to 5400 ft.

„ flavescens, Koeru

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

,, Roraimce, Oliver ....

to Summit.

„ fraternus, N. E. Br. . .

Summit.

ClPERACEJE.

Fimbristglis e.vilis, Roem. & Schult. . .

to 5400 ft.

*

, .

*

#

*

Africa.

KhyncJiospora stenophylla, Britton J.

at 5400 ft.

*

X.

„ tenuis, Britton

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

s.

Lagenocarpus stellatus, C. B. Clarke

(Cryptangiwm stellatum, Boeekl.) .

Upper slopes.

to Summit.

„ angusta, X. E. Br

Summit.

Scleria Jiirtella, Sw

to 540H ft.

*

* *

*

*

*

X.

Africa.

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

Gramine.e.

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

s.

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

Arundinella brasiliensis, Raddi ....

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

s.

*

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

Panicum eligulatum, X. E. Br

Summit.

to 5400 ft.

#

*

to Upper slopes.

*

*

Arundo roraimeiisis, X. E. Br

Summit.

Am iidiiiiirin J, fh.ni. X. E. Br

Summit.

Chusquea linearis, X. E. Br

Summit.

to Upper slopes.

Total of Spermatopiiyta

G7

55

53

00

30

33

11

10

f A'. .Fontawesiawa, Oliver iu Trans. Linn. Soc, ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 2S5, appears to be X. Seubertii. It is
not X. Fontaiiesiana, Kunth.

J Ii. capillacea, Oliver I. c. p. 287, not of Torrey (teste C. B. Clarke).

u

REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

o

a

B

-
&

93

•S 5P

93 -1

33 33

-fpq

93 S3

■3 2

03

96

__, 'Z.

a s
is 5

t i

it

T3
O

y,

X

O

>

$

O

H

5

Selaginellack.k.

Selaginella vernicosa, Baker

to Summit.

„ roraimensis, Baker ....

at 5400 ft.

*

LTCOPODIACEiE.

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

N. &S.

„ carolinianum, Linn.

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

N.

*

coiitu/iiHi,). Klotzseh

to Summit.

*

*

„ linifolium, Linn

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

*

,, subulatum, Desv

to 7200 ft.

*

*

*

*

Pacific.

FlLICES.

Gleichenia pubescens, 11. B. & K.

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

'*

*

*

S.

to 5400 ft.

*

*

Ahnjilii/ii bipinnatifida, Bakei ....

5400 ft.

*

*

at 5401 1 ft .

to Summit.

«

*

*

*

*

Bymenophyllum crispum, 11. B. & Iv.

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

,, defectum, Baker . .

5000 ft. to Summit.

polyanihos, Sw. . .

In Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

S.

*

fucoides, Sw

to CTpper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

S.

,, mierocarpum, Hook.

Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

*

„ serieeum, Sw

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

Africa.

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

„ roraimense, Jenman ..

Summit.

„ macilentum, V. d. Bosch

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

to 541 mi It.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

„ pyxidiferum, Linn. . .

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Davallia Imrayana, Hook

to Upper slopes.
to Upper slopes.

*

*
*

Lindsaya guianensis, Dryand

*

*

*

*

*

„ stricter, Dryand

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

II iiiioleiiis renins. Prcsl

to Tl'OO ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

Pteris aquilina, Linn

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

X. & s.

*

„ incisa, Thnnb

to 7200 ft.

*
*

*
*

*

*

*

s.

*

to 5400 ft.

*

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

#

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

s.

Africa.

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

s.

*

Asplt muni lunulatum, Sw

to 7200 ft.

*
*

*
*

*
*

*
*

*
*

*
*

s.

*
Pacific.

to Upper slopes.

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

#

*

*

,, serra, Langsd. & Fisch. . .

Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

Africa.

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

N. & S.

„ denticulatum, Hook. . .

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

braehypodvm, Baker . .

Upper slopes.

„ Leprii a, -ii. Hook

to 5400 ft.

*

*

„ amplissimum, Hook. . .

to Upper slopes.

*

*

Nephrolepis cordifolia, Tresl

to 5400 it.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

Polypodium marcfinellum, Sw

tn Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

„ ('mill, llii, Baker

Summit.

„ demeraranum. Baker ..

Upper slopes.

roraimi us, . Bakei . . . .

Upper slopes.

„ trifuvcatum, Linn

to Upper slopes.

*

*

to Summit.

#

*

„ serndatum, Metf

to Summit.

#

*

*

*

*

*

*

Upper slopes.

*

*

„ truncicola, Klotzseh . ..

Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

monilifonm . Lag. . . .

to Summit.

*

#

*

*

., hptopodon, ('. 11. Wrighi

Summit.

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

*

Juan F.

*

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

*

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

#

*

N.

„ cultratum, W'illd

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

*

Africa.

MOUNT KOKAI.MA IN BKIT1SII GUIANA.

15

. Brazil.

Brazil.
Paraguay.

oloinbia to
Bolivia.

enezuela and
Trinidad.

*. Indies.

i

ei

3 C
— a

f S

1.1 World.

s

/

O

>

:=

6

'A

O

FlLICES (cunt.).

Polypodium xanthotrichwn, Elotzsch

Upper slopes.

,, capillar! . Desv

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

Kalbreyi ri, Baker ....

Upper slopes.

*

rigi sa »■■>', Bory

t" Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

*

firmum, Klotesch

Upper slopes.

*

*

#

„ ,11, riii, nsi . Klotzsoh. .

Summit.

*

*

*

siil,.-:, ssili , linker

Upper slopes.

*

„ ,n, lanotrichum, linker . .

at 5400 ft.

loriceum, Linn

to 7200 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

S.

,, iiuriiim, Linn

lo 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

X.

Australia.

f, angustifolium, Sw

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

Qyrtmogranimi i laphoglossoides,

to Summit.

,, cyclophylla, Baker . .

Summit .

„ flexuosa, Desv

to Summit.

*

*

*

*

*

„ Schomburgkiana,

Upper slopes.
Upper slopes.

,. hirta, Desv

*

*

*

Enterosora Campbellianum, Iiaker ..

Summit.

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

*

X. & 8.

*

„ stipulata, Kunze . .

Upper slopes,
to Summit.

*
*

*
*

*
*

Aerostichum latifolium, Sw

*

*

*

*

squamosum, Sw

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

*

*

„ teptoplilebium, Baker ..

Upper slopes.

„ muscosum, Sw

to .",4011 ft.

*

*

*

*

„ stf< nopti ris, Klotzsch

at 5400 ft.

*

*

*

„ decoratum, Kunze ....

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

„ jii Uatum, Sw

to Upper slopes.

*

*

*

*

*

Schizcea dichotoma, Sw

to ..400 ft.

*

*

*

*

,, elegans, Sw

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

. I,,, imia tomi ntosa, Sw

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

*

*

S.

Total of Ptkeidophtta ....

55

50

07

59

~i~>

45

17

■jr>

Bryim: b.

Dicranum longisetum, Hook

Ledge.

*

*

Dicranodontium pulchroalare, Broth.

Ledge.

Campylopus ehionophyttu.?, Mitt. . .

Ledge.

*

Ledge.

,. atratus, Broth

Summit.

Leucobryv/m megalophyllum, Mitt. ..

Ledj>'r.

*

*

*

*

*

,, lawifolium, liroth

Summit.

Summit.

*

*

*

Summit.

*

Zygodon subdenticulatus, Hampe. . . .

Summit.

*

/•», in, -'in calvesu ns, Sehwaeg

Ledi;v.

*

*

*

*

*

*

N. & S.

*

Summit.

*

Summit.

*

*

Mniwn rostratum, Schrad

to Ledge.

*

*
*

¥

*
*

*
*

*

*

#

*

Polytrichum aristiflorum, Mitt

to 5401 1 ft.

*

Wiacocarpus Humboldtii, Lindb

Summit.

*

*

*

S.

*

ffookeria pilotrichelloides, liroth.

Leds'i'.

to 5400 ft.

*

*

*

*

Ectropothecium amabile, Mitt

to Summit.

*

Ledge.

*

'Iliiiiiiinm psi udoprotensum, Mitt. . .

Ledge.

*

to 5400 ft.

*

*

#

*

*

*

S.

*

SPHAGNACE.E.

Sphagnum sanguinah, Warnsl

Ledge.

„ /./• dium, Limpr

Ledge.

*

X. A- S.

*

M \KI IIA.M 1 \l 1. 1..

Ledge.

*

*

*

#

16

REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

-

JUNGERMANNIACEJS.

Aneura Schwaneckei, Steph

„ altjoides, Steph

,, roreiimensis, Steph

,, Breutelii, Steph

,, fucoides, Steph. (A. bipinnata,

Mi'tt.t)

Metzgeria inflata, Steph

,, hamata, Lindb

Pedlavicinitis Wnllisii, Jack & Steph.

Jamesoniella coloraia. Spruce

Syzygiella Quekhii, Steph

„ perfoliata, Spruce

Plagioeldla area, Tayl

„ gavana, Steph

„ remotifolia, Harape &

Gottsehe

„ rutilans, Lindb

„ adiantoides, Lindb

Leioscyplvas fragilis, Jack & Steph. .

Lophocolea Breutelii, Gottsehe ....

Mastigobryum rorarmense, Steph. ..

„ dissodontwn, Spruce .

„ vincentinwn, Lehm. &

Lindenb.
,, Kriigiamtiii, Steph. . .

„ yretcile, Harape &

Gottsehe

Blepharozia Roraimce, Mitt

Micropti rygium grandistipulum,

Steph

„ pterygophyllum,

Spruce

Lepidozia commutata, Steph

Schisma juniperinum, Nees

,, pensilis, Steph

,, Durandii, Steph

,, subedentatum, Steph

Trichocolt a spliagnoides, Steph

Scapania portoricensis, Hampo &

Gottsehe

/'/, urozia pareidolia, Jack

Harpalejeunea tenax, Steph

FrvJlaiiea mirabilis, Jack & Steph.. .

,, atrata, Nees

,, longicollis, Lindenb. &
Gottsehe

Summit.
Summit.
Summit.
Summit.

Ledge.

Summit.

Ledge.

Summit.

Summit.

Ledge.

Summit.

Ledge.

Ledge.

Ledge.

Ledge.

to Upper slopes.

Summit.

Ledge.

Summit.

Summit.

Ledge.

Ledgo.

Ledge.
Summit.

Ledge.

Summit.

Summit,

Summit.

Ledge.

Ledge.

Ledge.

Ledge.

Summit,

Summit.

Ledge.

Summit.

Summit.

Summit.

Total of Brvophyta .

Phoma Psammisice, Massee

Eehinobotryum roseum, Massee . . .
Stenophylium ericoet-onum, R. Br. .
Macrosporiurn ramulosum, Sacc. . . .

( 'apnodium fibroswm, Berk

Rhipidonema membranaceum, Sacc.
SplieeropJwra compressum, Achar. .

Cladnnia rangiferina, Hoffm

Parmelia dictyorhiza, Massee

„ perforata, Achar

Alectoria ochroleuca, Xyl

Total of THALLOPHYfA

»^H

*
*

*
*

17 31

?,H

13

Summit.

Summit.

Summit,

Summit,

Summit.

Ledge.

Summit,

Summit,

Summit,

Summit,

Summit.

* , *

25

a <

O

17

I S

N. &S.
S.

N. & S.

*

*

s.

N. & S.

N.
N.

o

*
*

*
Pacific.

Pacific.
*

8

t In Trans. Linn. Soc, Bot. ser. II. ii. p. 29G.

MOUNT EOEAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 17

CHIEF LITERATURE.
Schomburgks' journeys.

Sir Robert II. Schomburgk, in Proc. Roy. Geogr. Soc. x. 1810, pp. 190-242.

Sir Robert II. Schomburgk, ' Twelve Views in the Interior of Guiana ' (London, 184.1).

Sir Richard Schomburgk, ' Reisen in Britisch-Guiana ' (Leipzig, IS 17-18), ii. pp. 152-300;

iii. pp. 1041-1104.
Sir Richard Schomburgk, ' Botanical Reminiscences of British Guiana' (Adelaide, 1876).
Sir Robert II. Schomburgk, in Verb. Gartenb. Ver. xv., 1841.
G. Bentham, in Ann. Nat. Hist, ii.-iii. ; in Hooker's Journ. Hot. Li.— iv. j in Hooker's Loud.

Journ. Bot. i.-vii. ; in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. & xxii. ; &c.
J. F. Klotzsch, in Verb. Gartenb. Ver. xviii., 1817; in ' Linnrca,' xxiv. 1851, p. 1 ; &C.
Various authors in Martius, ' Flora Brasiliensis ' (Leipzig, 1840-1900).

Appun's journey.

K. Appun, ' Unter den Tropen ' (Jena, 1871), ii. pp. 105-384.

Brown and Sawkins's journey.

C. B. Brown, 'Canoe and Camp-life, in Guiana,' 2nd edit. (London, 1877), pp. 118-124.
J. G. Sawkins, in Proc. Roy. Geogr. Soc. xv. 1870-71, p. 131.

C. B. Brown and J. G. Sawkins, ' Report on the Physical, Descriptive and Economic Geology of
British Guiana' (London, 1875), pp Gl-(j3.

Boddam-Whetham and McTurk's journey.

J. W. Boddam-Whetham, < Roraima and British Guiana' (London, 1879), pp. 204-25 I.

ini Thurn and Perkins's journey.

E. F. irn Thurn, in Proc. Roy. Geogr. Soc. vii. 1885, pp. 497-521, and in 'Timehri/ iv. 1885,

pp. 1-48 and 256-207.
II. I. Perkins, in Proc. Roy. Geogr. Soc. vii. 1885, pp. 529-530.
E. F. im Thurn, D. Oliver, and others in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. pp. 249-300; reprinted

in 'Timehri,' v. 1886, pp. 145-223.

Kromer's and Dressel's journeys.
' Timehri,' n. s., i. 1887, p. 330.

McConnell and Quelch's first journey.

J. J. Quelch in ' Timehri,' n. s., viii. 1891, p. 381 ; ix. 1895, pp. 107-188.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. VI. B

18 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

ENUMERATION OF THE PLANTS COLLECTED.

L. SPERMATOPHYTA.

By N. E. Brown, A.L.S. (the Orchids by 11. A. Rolfe, A.L.S.).

SARRACENIAC1LE.

Hei.iamimiora nutans, Benth. in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. (1810), p. 53, and in Trans. Linn.

Soc. xviii. (1840), p. 129, t. 2!); R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit. -Guiana, ii. p. 263,

and iii. p. 1000 ; R. H. Schomb., Views in the Interior of Guiana, p. 15 ; Bot. Mag.

t. 7093 ; El. des Serres, Ser. II. xi. (1875), p. 149, tt. 2216- 17 ; Oliver, in Trans. Linn.

Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 271.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 78, 679 ; also collected on the lower
slope in the " Eldorado Swamp " by all other collectors. — Endemic.

VIOLACE.E.

Ionidium Ipecacuanha, Vent. Jard. Malm, sub t. 27.
Ireng Valley, McConnell A' Quelch, 258.

Alsodeia flavescens, Spreng. Syst. i. p. 806.

Mazaruni River, 300 ft., McConnell fy Quelch, 715.

Sauvagesia erecta, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. i. p. 203 ; Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. II. Bot,
ii. (1887), p. 271.
Upper slopes and ledge of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f. Quelch, 7. Ireug Valley,
McConnell & Quelch, 263. — Widely distributed in Tropical America.

Sauvagesia Sprengelii, A. St. ILL in Mem. Mus. Par. xi. (1821), p. 1)7.
Savannahs generally, McConnell 8f Quelch, 330.

Leitgebia Imthurniana, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 27L t, 37a.
Summit of Mount Roraima. McConnell fy Quelch, 97, 98, 316, 654. — Endemic.

POLYGALACEA1

POIAGALA GLOCHIDIATA, H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. V. p. 400.

Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 38. — Widely distributed in
Tropical America.

Poly gala hygrophila, II. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. v. p. 395 ; Oliver, in Trans. Linn.
Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 271.
Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell & Quelch, 39. -Eastern Tropical America
from Panama to Paraguay.

MOUNT KOKAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 19

Polygala Timoutou, Aubl. PI. Gruian. ii. p. 737, t. 295; K. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-
( ruiana, iii. p. 1007.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell §,* Queloh, 100. [reng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 250.

Polygala celosioides, Mart, ex A. W. Benn. in Mart. PI. Bras. \iii. pt. in. p. •T>.
[reng Valley, McConnell §r Quelch, 223.

Securidaca marginata, Benth. in Hook. journ. Bot. iv. (1842), p. 103.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell & Quelch, 157.

Monnina CACTJMINA, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Polia oblonga, acuta vel obtusa, apiculata,

exstipulata, glabra. Racemi densiflori, floribus breviter pedicellatis. Bractese

lance-olatse, acuta*, floribus breviores. Alae ellipticie, glabrae, basi ciliatae. Carina

glabra, ciliata. Petala lateralia utrinque pubescentia. Vagina staminea supra

hirta. Fructus eompresso-elli|">soideus, exalatus, unilocularis, glaber.

Stem subglabrous, or very thinly covered with very short hairs. Leaves about 2 in.

long, f-1 in. broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute or obtuse and apiculatc, rather

thin in the dried state, exstipulate. Racemes 3-4, terminal, 2-4 in. long, rather densely

many-flowered. Bracts 2 lin. long, § lin. broad, lanceolate, acute, caducous. Pedicels

i-1 lin. long. Dorsal sepal 1-J- lin. long, § lin. broad, ovate, acute, concave, ciliolate ;

the two lower sepals similar but rather smaller, connate to their middle; lateral

sepals or alae about 2} lin. long, 2 lin. broad, elliptic, obtuse, with incurved

margins, glabrous, ciliate towards the base. Lower petal or keel 2| lin. long, 2 lin. broad,

obscurely 3-crenulate at the apex, glabrous ciliate along the sides. Lateral petals 2-2^

lin. long, obliquely tapering from a broad base to an obtuse apex, adnate to the staminal

tube, densely ciliate along the upper margin, pubescent along the middle of the outer

side and more densely all over within. Staminal tube villose at the apex. Ovary elliptic,

with a large unilateral gland at its base, glabrous ; style thickened upwards, slightly

incurved. Fruit 3-3^ lin. long, about If lin. broad, elliptic, subacute, compressed, nol

winged, 1 -celled, glabrous.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft. McConnell §r Quelch, 645.

Allied to M. cestrifolia, H. B. & K., but differing in its much larger flowers.

Krameria spartioides, Klotzsch, (\r O. Berg, in Bot. Zeit. xiv. (1850), p. 7<il.
I reng Valley, McConnell & Quelch, 244, 268.

VOCHYSIACEiE.

Trigonia subcymosa, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. (1843), p. 373.
[reng Valley, McConnell & Quelch, 222.

PORTULACACE.E.
Portulaca sedifolia, N. E. Brown, sp. ii. Caules bundles, diffusi. Folia parva, lineari-
oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, breviter petiolata, axillis dense pilosa. Calyeis lobi

n2

20 EEPOET OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FEOM

late ovati, obtusi, apice inflexi, glabri. Petala calyce duplo longiora. Stamina 5.
Stylus 3-fidus. Semina tuberculata.

A small succulent herb, branching at the base, with branches 2-3 in. long, glabrous,
with the exception of the tufts of long white hairs in the axils of the leaves and around
the flowers. Leaves 1^-3 lin. long, -|-§ lin. broad, flattened, linear-oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, obtuse, tapering at the base into a short petiole, glabrous. Flowers small.
Sepals f lin. long, rather more than \ lin. broad, broadly ovate, obtuse, indexed at the
apex, concave, not keeled on the back, glabrous. Petals lij lin. long, only seen in a
withered state, apparently obtuse. Stamens 5, shorter than the petals. Style filiform,
with 3 filiform stigmas. Upper half of the capsule broadly conical. Seeds \ lin. diam.,
tuberculate, the tubercles on the sides very much larger than those on the back, black.

Ireng Valley, McConnell & Quelcli, 237.

Allied to Portulaca parvula, A. Gray, but differing in its shorter leaves, fewer
stamens, and larger and more coarsely tuberculate seeds.

GUTTIFER/E.

Ceusia Planchoniana, Engl. (?) in Mart. El. Bras. sii. pt. i. p. 131.

Ivukenaam River, McConnell & Quelcli, 130.

I am doubtful of my identification of this plant, and it may prove to be a new species,
but the specimen only consists of three flowers and two leaves, all detached. They agree
fairly well with the flowers and leaves of C. Planchoniana, with the exception that the
leaves are rather more obtuse and have stouter petioles.

TERNSTR(EM1ACE,E.

Ternstiuemia Schomburgkiana, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. (1813), p. 362;
Appun, Unter den Tropen, ii. p. 292.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell & Quelcli, 138.

Boxnetia sessilis, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. (1843), p. 363 ; Appun, Unter
den Tropen, ii. p. 292 ; R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit. -Guiana, ii. pp. 218, 251, and iii.
p. 1093.
Irengwatong Creek in the Ireng Valley, McConnell & Quelcli, 269, 322. — Only known

from this western part of British Guiana.

Boxnetia Roraim^e, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 272, t. 37. f. B.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell & Quelcli, 84., 664. — Endemic. According to
Mr. Quelcli, " this is the commonest and most widely spread species on the summit,
rising to 35-40 ft. iu height, Avhere sheltered."

Archtivea multiflora, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ii. (1843), p. 363 ; R. Schomb.
Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, ii. p. 218, and iii. p. 1093.
Kotinga Valley, 3000 ft. McConnell & Quelcli, 162; Ireng Valley, McConnell & Quelcli,
311.

MOUNT ROKAIMA IX BRITISH GUIANA. 21

Mahuria exstipulata, Bentli. in Hook. Loud. Journ. Hot. ii. (1843), p. 365.
Silima Crock in the Irony Valley, McConnell cC- Quelch, 270.

MALVACEAE.

Siba, sp. Specimen insufficient for determination, but apparently a new species.
Ireng Valley, McConnell A- Quelch, 207.

Pavonia spectosa, II. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. v. p. 281.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 170. Karona Falls on the Ireng River,
McConnell fy Qiielch, 228. Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 257.

Pavonia cancellata, Cav. Diss. iii. p. 135.
Ireng Valley, McConnell §' Quelch, 248.

Eugosia campestris, Bentli. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. (1842), p. 120.
Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 213, 239.

STERCULIACE^E.

Helicteres guazum^efolia, H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. v. p. 304.
Ireng Valley, McConnell S,- Quelch, 212.

Melochia meliss.efolia, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. (1842), p. 129.
Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 231.

Melochia hirsuta, Cav. Diss. vi. p. 323.
Ireng Valley, McConnell §• Quelch, 255.

"VValtheria viscosissima, A. St. Hil. El. Bras. Mer. i. p. 150.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 168.

MALPIGHIACEiE.

Byrsonima verbascifolia, Rich, ex Juss. in Ann. Mus. Par. xviii. (1S11), p. 481.
Ireng Valley, McConnell §• Quelch, 226.

Heteropteris ole.efolia, Griseb. in Linnsea, xxii. (1849), p. 19.
II. dapfmoides. Griseb. in R. Schomb. Reiscn in Brit. -Guiana, iii. p. 1090.
Upper slopes of Mount Boraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 21, 319. — Endemic.

Tetrapteris squarrosa, Griseb. in Mart. El. Bras. xii. pt. I. p. 87.
Ireng Valley, McConnell §■ Quelch, 241.

GERANIACEiE.
Oxalis bistans, A. St. Hil. El. Bras. Mer. i. p. 115.
O. Schomburgkiana, Prog, in Mart. Fl. Bras. xii. pt. n. p. 500.
Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 202.

22 REPORT OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

OCHNACEJE.

P(EC1Landka RETUSA, Tul. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III. viii. (1847), p. 342.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell & Quelch, 145, 107. Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch,
325.

[LICACE/E.
Ilex apicidens, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plato 1, tigs. 1-6). Fratex glaber. Folia parva,
coriacea, elliptica, obtusa vel emarginata, basi obtusa, apice denticulata. Cyma?
axillares vel ad apices ramulorum aggregate, 2-3-florye, vel flores solitarii, glabra?.
Calyx 4-lobns, lobis brevissimis rotundatis. Petala 1, elliptica vel suborbiculata,
obtusissima. Stamina 4.

A glabrous sbrub ; brandies tuberculated with the scars of the fallen leaves. Leaves
moderately crowded, coriaceous ; petiole J- 2 lin. long; blade 5-11 lin. loug, 1-7 lin.
broad, elliptic or somewhat obovate. obtusely rounded or emarginate and with 5-9 small
teeth at the apex, obtusely rounded or somewhat cuneate at the base, entire along tin-
sides, with slightly revolute margins, not punctate-dotted beneath; primary lateral
veins about 4 on each side, uniting in broad loops, impressed above, prominent beueath ;
stipules minute, about J lin. long, subulate. Flowers either solitary or in 2-3-flowered
pedunculate cymes in the axils of the leaves, or crowded into a small, terminal, hemi-
spherical corymb |-f in. diam. Peduncles H-3 lin. long, glabrous. Pedicels of tin-
solitary flowers 2-3| lin. long, of those in cymes 1-2| lin. long, glabrous. Calyx about
J- lin. long, cupular, shortly l-lobed, lobes broadly rounded, obtuse, glabrous. Petals 4,
li-li lin. long, Pj-lij lin. broad, elliptic or suborbiculate, very obtuse, concave, glabrous.
Stamens 4, a little shorter than the petals. Pistillode globose, glabrous. Female
flowers not seen.

Summit of Mount Roraima. 8600 ft.. McConnell & Quelch, 634.

Allied to 1. obcordata, Sw., but differing in the apically toothed leaves, with the midrib
and veins much more prominent beneath.

Ilex retusa, lvlotzsch, in R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 1097 ; Oliver, in
Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 273.
Summit of Mount Roraima, Mr Council & Quelch, 655. Collected by Sohomburgk on
the bank of a mountain-stream in the vicinity of Roraima. — Endemic.

cyrillacej:.

Cyrilla antillana, Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. p. 158.

Stachyanthemum Schomburgkii, Klotzsch, in R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 1097, ex
Loesener, in Engler & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. pt. 5, p. 459.

Kotinga Valley, 3000 ft., McConnell & Quelch, 193. Ireng Valley, McConnell fy
Quelch, 203.

Cyrilla brevifolia, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (PI. 1, tigs. 7-16.) Folia lanceolato-elliptiea
vel obovato-elliptica vel lanceolata, obtusa vel acuta, glabra, rigide coriacea, costa
infra vix prominente. Racemi 1-2 poll, longi, dense nmltiflori. Sepala lanceolata,
acuminata, glabra. Petala lanceolata, involuto-acuminata, glabra. — C. antillana,
Michx., var. brevifolia, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887) p. 273.

MOUNT BORA IMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 23

Leaves crowded towards the ends of the branches, glabrous; petiole 2-2.1, lin. Long;
Made f-1 ', in. long, l-s lin. broad, lanceolate-elliptic or slightly obovate-elliptic and

obtuse, or occasionally lanceolate and acute, sometimes minutely apiculate, rigidly
coriaceous, entire, shining and smooth or coarsely pitted above, coarsely pitted between
the veinlets beneath; midrib impressed above, prominent and keeled beneath at the
basal part only, not raised above the general surface in the apical half. Racemes
1-2 in. long, 3-4 lin. diam., densely many-flowered, erect, glabrous. Bracts 1^-2 lin.
long, subulate, very acute. Pedicels | 1 lin. long, ascending curved, glabrous.
Sepals 1-1 4 lin. long, acuminate from an ovate base, glabrous. Petals 1^-1| lin. long,
S lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate from the margins being inrolled, subacute when
expanded, glabrous. Stamens about § as long as the petals. Ovary oblong, irregularly
wrinkled in the dried state. 2-3-celled, glabrous; style very short and stout; stigmas
2-3. Ovules 2, pendulous from the apex of each cell.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., im Thurn, 334; McConnell 8f Quelch, 88,
318, 638.

This species differs from Cyrilla antillana, Michx., in having smaller and more rigidly
coriaceous leaves, with the midrib not prominent beyond the middle on the underside,
shorter and denser racemes, and longer and more acuminate sepals and petals.

LEGUMINOS.E.

Crotalarta anagyroides, H. 13. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. vi. p. t04.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell fy Quelch, 1(59.

Tephrosia abtjnca, Benth. in Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. I. iii. (1839), p. 432.
Kotinga Valley, McDonnell 8f Quelch, 131, 199.

Clitoria guyanensis, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. ii. (1858), p. 40.

Kotinga Valley, McDonnell 8f Quelch, 155 ; Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 209.

DlOCLEA GTJIANENSIS, Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. (1838), p. 134.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 158.

Phaseou s semierectus, Linn. Mant. i. p. 100, var.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 171.

Phaseoi/US LASIOCARPUS, Mart. (?) ex Benth. in Ann. Wien. Mus. ii. (1838), p. 1 10,
Kotinga Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 177.

Eriosema crinitum, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1840), p. 62.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell ^ Quelch, 186.

Dipteryx oppositifolia, Willd. Sp. PL iii. p. 910.

Arabapu River, McConnell Sf Quelch, 143, 303. Roraima Range, 3500 ft., McConnell
8f Quelch, 717. — Guiana and Brazil.

24 KEPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

Cassia insignis, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Eoliola bijuga, arapla, oblique oblonga vel

elliptico-oblonga, breviter obtuse acuminata, venosa, glandula magna inter inferiora.

Stipulae foliaeeae, falcato-lanceolatae. Bacernilaxesubcorymbosi. Pedicellielongati.

Stamina perfecta 7 ; staminodia 3. Antherae perfects suba3quales, 3 inferiores

breviter rostratse.
Leaves large, bijugate; petiole below the basal pair of leaflets, f-1 in. long, minutely
puberulous, becoming nearly glabrous ; leaflets obliquely oblong or elliptic-oblong,
shortly and obtusely acuminate, obliquely rounded at the base, glabrous to the eye, but
with a minute scattered pubescence as seen under a lens, with the veins and veinlets
very conspicuous on both sides ; the basal pair 1^-3| in. long, f-lf in. broad ; the terminal
pair 1-9 lin. distant, 2f-4j in. long, 1-2 in. broad; gland lh lin. long, 1 lin. thick, erect,
ovoid, obtuse, placed between the basal pair of leaflets. Stipules leafy, §-£ in. long,
2-4 lin. broad, falcate-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, tapering at the base into a curved
petiole. Bacemes loosely subcorymbose at the ends of the branches, solitary or in pairs
from the axils of the uppermost reduced leaves, H-3 in. long, 7-14-flowered, softly and
minutely pubescent. Pedicels 1-Tf in. long, pubescent. Sepals about 5^ lin. long, \ in.
broad, obovate, obtuse, puberulous, minutely ciliate towards the apex. Petals 8-11 lin.
long, 4-8 lin. broad, elliptic or elliptic-obovate, very distinctly clawed, minutely
puberulous on both sides. Stamens with 7 subequal perfect and 3 reduced abortive
anthers, 3 of the perfect anthers shortly beaked. Ovary linear, curved, densely pubescent
with yellowish adpressed hairs. Legume not seen.

On the upper slopes of Mount Boraima, McDonnell 8f Quelch, 23.

Allied to C. latifolia, G. F. W. Mey., but may be at once distinguished by its
narrow-based, petiolate stipules, and much longer pedicels.

Cassia Apoucouita, Aubl. PI. Guian. i. p. 379, t. 140.

Mazaruni Paver, 300 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 716.

This appears to be the true plant of Aublet, which is easily distinguished from the
Brazilian plants described by Bentham as C. Apoucouita, by its narrowly winged petiole
and differently shaped leaflets. The C. Apoucouita of Bentham appears to me to
include 2 or 3 perfectly distinct species.

Cassia hispidtjla, Vahl, Eclog. Am. iii. p. 10.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 170. Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 246.

Cassia polystachya, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1840), p. 77 ; B. Schomb. Beisen
in Brit.-Guiana, ii. pp. 187, 207, and iii. p. 1207.
Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 229. Upper slopes of Mount Boraima, McConnell
8f Quelch, 317. — Only known from this western corner of British Guiana.

Cassia uniplora, Spreng. Xeue Entdeck. i. p. 291.

Kotinga Valley, near Boraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 133. Kotinga Valley, McConnell
Sf Quelch, 151. Savannahs generally, McConnell §• Quelch, 320.

MOUNT ROK.U.UA 1\ IJKITISII GUIANA. 25

Cassia Koraim,e, Benth. in Trans. linn. Soc. xxvii. (1871), p. 571; Oliver in Trans.
Linn. Soc. Ser. II. ii. (1887) p. 27:5.
Kotinga Valley, McCormell fy Quelch, 140. Roraima Range, 3500 It., McConnell 8f
Quelch, 719. — Only known IVoin this region.

Mimosa microcephala, Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. Sp. PI. iv. p. 103!).
Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 173.

Pithecolobium ferrugineum, Benth. in Hook. Loud, .lourn. Bot. iii. (1814), p. 20s ;
R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 1038.

Upper and lower slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 10. Roraima
Range, 3500 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 712. — Endemic.

The fruit described by Bentham under P. ferrugmeum in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx.
(1875) p. 584, does not belong to that species, but to some totally different plant.

ROSACEA.

Moquilea Turiuva, Hook. f. in Mart. Ft. Bras. xiv. pt. II. p. 25.
Savannahs generally, McConnell Sf Quelch, 308.

HlRTELLA AMERICANA, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 1, p. 34.
Savannahs generally, McConnell Sf Quelch, 300.

Rubus ertic.efolius, Poir. Encycl. vi. p. 246.

Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell §• Quelch, 11. — Widely dispersed
throughout Tropical America.

It is uncertain whether 11. Schomburglcii, Klotzscb, in R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-
Guiana, iii. p. 1102, is a synonym of this species or identical with B. guyouensis, Focke,
in Brem. Abb. iv. (1874), p. 160, as no description is given by Klotzscb, and Schomburgk
collected both species.

SAXLFRAGACEJ3.

Weinmannia guyanensis, Klotzscb, in R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 108'J ;
Engler, in Linnsea, xxxvi. (LS70), p. 605; Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II.
Bot. ii. (1887), p. 273.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell fy Quelch, 92, 636. — Endemic.
The foliage of this plant is somewhat variable. In some examples the leaves are all
trifoliolate, this being the typical form ; in others they all consist of one leaflet only,
whilst others have trifoliolate and unifoliolate leaves on the same branch.

Weinmannia fagarioides, H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. vi. p. 54.

W. glabra, Linn. f. var. ?, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 273.

Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 639. — Also on the Andes of Peru,
Bolivia, and Ecuador, from 6000-10,000 ft. elevation.

The specimens collected by im Thurn upon Roraima have longer leaves, with more

second series. — botany, vol. vi. e

20 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

numerous and narrower leaflets and longer and more lax racemes than those of the
present collections ; hut I helieve both forms belong to TVeiitmannia fagarioides, H. B.
& K.. which seems to be somewhat variable in the characters mentioned.

DROSERACE^E.

Dbosera communis, A. St. Hil. PI. Rem. Bres. p. 267 ; Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 273.
D. Roraima, Klotzscb, in R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-G-uiana, iii. p. 1090.

Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McGonnell 8f Quelch, 42. Summit of Mount
Roraima, McGonnell §/• Quelch, 85, 681. Arabapu River, McGonnell 8f Quelch, 154. —
Widely distributed in eastern South America, westward to New Granada, and southward
to Paraguay.

MYRTACE.E.

Campomanesia ccetanea, Berg, in Mart. El. Bras. xiv. pt. i. p. 44.
Kanuku Mountains, McGonnell 8f Quelch, 275.

Myktus myricoides, H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. vi. p. 131, t. 539.

M. sp. nor. aff. myricoides, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 273.

Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 195.— Also in the Andes of Colombia
up to 11,000 ft. elevation.

This was considered to be a new species by Prof. Oliver, but I cannot distinguish it by
any specific character from 31. myricoides, H. B. & K.

Mybtus roraimknsls, N. E. Brown, sp. n. < )mnino glabra. Eolia parva, anguste oblonga
vel oblongo-lanceolata, obtusa, coriacea, utrinque glanduloso-punctata, supra nitida,
rugulosa. Flores axillares. Petala orbicularia, glanduloso-punctata. Stamina
(|iiain petala breviora. Ovarium 3-loculare.
A branching shrub, quite glabrous in all parts. Leaves small, 1-6 lin. long, including
the £-1 lin. long petiole, li-3^ lin. broad, usually narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate,
occasionally ovate, obtuse, rounded at the base, rigidly coriaceous, shining and rugulose
above in the dried state, pale beneath, gland-dotted on both sides. Flowers axillary,
solitary. Pedicels H-3 lin. long, bibracteolate at the apex. Bracteoles H-I4 lin. long,
^-h lin. broad, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, coriaceous, gland-dotted. Calyx-tube
I lin. long, hemispherical; lobes about 1 lin. long, |-| lin. broad, oblong or ovate-
oblong, obtuse, gland-dotted. Petals about 2 lin. long and broad, suborbicular, very
obtuse, gland-dotted. Stamens shorter than the petals. Ovary 3-celled ; ovules several
in each cell. Berry drooping, globose, about 3 lin. diam., crowned with the calyx-lobes.
Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 635, 641.
This species somewhat resembles M. myricoides, H. B. & K., but differs in having
perfectly glabrous stems, smaller, narrower, and less acute leaves, shorter pedicels, and
smaller calyx-lobes.

Lecythis venusta, Miers, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. (1874), p. 214.
Mazaruni River, 200 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 713.

MOUNT RORAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 27

MELASTOMACE^J.

Micromcia bryanthoides, Oliver, in Tiaiis. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Hot. ii. | L887), p. 2 74
t. 39. f. B; Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. \ ii. p. 49.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell A' Quelck, 630. — Endemic.

llllYNCUANTUERA GRANDI1 I.OKA. DC. I Tod. iii. p. 107.

Ireng Valley, McConnell A- Quelch, 2:50.

Sipuanthera MICROLICIOIDES, Cogn. in Mart. IT. Bras. xiv. pt. in. p. 199 ; and in DC.
Monog. Phan. vii. p. 113.
Meisneriu cordifolia, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1840), p. 299; R. Scliornl). Reisen in Brit.-

Guiaua, iii. p. 1101.
M. mici-olicioides, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III. xii. (1849), p. 204; Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc.

Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 274.
Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 8. Kotinga Valley, McConnell
8f Quelch, 182. — Apparently endemic in the Roraima region.

Desmoscelis villosa, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Se'r. III. xiii. (1850), p. 30.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 195.

Macairea aspera, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 2.) Folia oblonga, ohtusa, supra scaberrima,
subtus appresse rufo-toinentosa. Calyx appresse pubescens et glandulosus. Petala
obovato-oblonga, obtussisima. glauduloso-ciliata. Staminum filamenta superne
glandulosa. Ovarium superne dense glandulosum, stylo parce glanduloso.
A branching shrub; elotbed on the young shoots, branches of the panicle, pedicels
and calyx with rather long, rust-coloured, adpressed hairs. Leaves opposite;
petiole 4-6 lin. long, pubescent like the stems ; blade 1|~ 3 in. long, 8-17 lin. broad,
oblong, obtuse, or shortly and stoutly apiculate, cuneately rounded into the petiole
at the base, coriaceous, 3-nerved, with the lateral nerves close to the revolute margin,
scabrid with minute, conical, hair-tipped tubercles on the upper surface, tomentose
beneath with a dense adpressed pubescence of rust-coloured hairs. Panicles 4-6 in.
long, 2-3| in. broad, many-flowered. Pedicels 1-2| lin. long, minutely bibracteolate in
the middle. Calyx with sessile glands mingled with the hairs outside ; tube campanulate.
H lin. long ; lobes \h lin. long, deltoid, acuminate. Petals 3-4 lin. long, 2^-3 lin. broad,
oblong-ovate, very obtuse, minutely gland-ciliate, glabrous. Stamens glandular on the
apical part of the filaments. Anthers with the connective dilated at the base into a
cordate-orbicular shield. Ovary free, densely covered with glands on the upper part ;
style filiform, sparsely glandular.

Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell A' Quelch, 31.

Another specimen (no. 24, McConnell 8f Quelch), collected at the same place as no. 31.
is identical with it in all particulars excepting the anthers, in which the portion of the
connective between the pollen-cells and the dilated base is very much longer than in 31,

e 2

28 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

as shown in figs. 6-7, but I cannot consider this vai-iation of sufficient importance to
separate the two specifically.

Allied to Macairea ihyrsiflom, DC, and 31. albiflora, Cogn. ; differing in the very
much rougher upper surface and different indumentum of the lower surface of the leaves
and in the stouter anthers. M. albiflora, Cogn., according to Spruce's label, has purple
flowers, not white as described by Cogniaux.

Macairea pachyphylla, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. ii. (1840), p. 292 ; B. Schomb.

Beisen in Brit. -Guiana, iii. pp. 1100, 1192 ; Cogn. in DC. Monog. Phan. vii.

p. 178.
Kotinga Valley, McDonnell 8f Quelch, 181. — Apparently endemic to the vicinity
of Boraima.

TiBOiCHiNA fraterna, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Folia anguste elliptica, utrinque nequaliter

subacuta, 3-nervia, subtus appresse squamosa, supra striolata, et marginibus et

secundum lineas duas inter nervos squamosa. Bracteie libera?, oblonga?, obtusse.

Calyx appresse squamosus, 5-lobus, tubo cylindrico quam lobis longiore. Petala

elliptico-obovata, unguiculata, glanduloso-ciliata.

Branchlets densely clothed with imbricating, lanceolate, acuminate, brownish scales

about A lin. long, those at the nodes about twice as long and more acuminate. Leaves

spreading; petiole 1-1^ lin. long, scaly; blade ^-1 in. long, 1-6 lin. broad, narrowly

elliptic, about equally acute or suhacute at both ends, apiculate, 3-nerved, the underside

clothed with adpressed acuminate scales, those on the nerves much larger than the rest,

the upper surface finely striate, with a longitudinal row of minute scales near each of the

lateral nerves and along the margins. Cymules 2-3-flowered, subsessile or with peduncles

up to 3i lin. long, axillary and terminal, forming a terminal inflorescence 1-2 in. long, 1 in.

broad, clothed to the tips of the calyx-lobes with pale, rosy-tinted acuminate scales. Bracts

free, 2-4 lin. long, about 1J lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, resembling reduced leaves; bracteoles

smaller, thinner, more glabrous, free, ciliate with long hair-like scales. Pedicels very short,

scarcely 1 lin. long. Calyx-tube 3 lin. long and about li lin. diam., cylindric-campanu-

late ; lobes 2 lin. long, 1\ lin. broad at the base, whence they gradually taper in a nearly

straight line to an acute point, erect or very slightly spreading, glabrous inside, ciluite.

Petals 7 lin. long, 3f. lin. broad, elliptic-obovate, very obtuse, clawed, minutely ciliate

with gland-tipped hairs, and with a few long simple hairs at the apex, otherwise glabrous.

Stamens 10, unequal, glabrous ; the longer anthers 5 lin. long, the shorter 4 lin. long, all

attenuate to a subulate point, opening by one terminal pore; connective bifid at its

insertion on the filament. Ovary free, oblong, densely covered with hair-like scales ;

style slender, glabrous.

Upper slopes of Mount Boraima, McConnell fy Quelch, 17.

A very distinct species, which, according to the arrangement of Cogniaux, I think
should be placed in the section Lepidotce, although it bears very little resemblance to the
only two species [T. lepidota, Baill., and T. paleacea, Cogn.) at present placed under that
section. It has much more resemblance to T. Spniceana, Cogn., and T. aspera, Aubl.,

MOUNT R0KAIM4 IN BEITISH GUIANA. 29

but the free (not connate) bracts and bractcoles at once separate it from the section to
which tlioy belong.

Tiboi china lasiophylla, Cogn. in Mart. PI. Bras. xiv. pt. in. p. 297; and in DC.
Monog. Phan. vii. p. 270.
Pterolepis lasiophylla, Triana, in Trims. Linn. Soe. xxviii. (1871), p. 10; Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ser. II. Hot. ii. (1887), p. :>7l.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell fy Quelch, 183, 197. Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch,
205. Skrpe of Mount Roraima, at 5400 ft. im Thurn, 59. — Only known from the
above localities.

Tibol china aspkra, Aubl. PI. Guian. i. p. 4i6, t. 177 ; R. Schomb. Rcisen in Brit.-
Guiana, iii. pp. 1100, 1191.
Pleroma tibouchinum, Triana, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. (1871), p. 45, t. 3; Oliver, in Trans. Linn.

Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 271.
Ireng Valley, McConnell $• Quelch, 217. — Widely sjiread in Tropical South America,
extruding westward to Colombia and Pern.

Marcetia taxifolia, DC. Prod. iii. p. 121; P. Schomb. Reisen in Brit. -Guiana, ii.
p. 216, and iii. p. 1100 ; Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot, ii. (1887), p. 273.

Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 13, 20; im Thwrn, 68;
Appun, 1114, 1153. Kotinga Valley near Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 149.

With the exception of the above localities, this species is only known from Brazil,
where it is a common and widely spread plant.

Marcetia jcniperina, DC. Prod. iii. p. 125 ; Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot.
ii. (1887), p. 274.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 86, 644. — Also in Venezuela at
Cumana and Merida.

Ch/Etolepis anisandra, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III. xiv. (1850), p. 140 ; Cogn. in
DC. Monog. Phan. vii. p. ] 71.
On the face of the cliff of Mount Roraima, at 7000-8000 ft., McConnell 8f Q/telch,
22. — Endemic.

MonociE-ETUM Bonplandii, Naud. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. III. xiv. (1850), p. 51 ;
Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot, ii. (1887), p. 274; Cogn. in DC. Monog.
Phan. vii. p. 393.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell A Quelch, 189. — Also in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador,
and Peru.

Miconia holosericea, DC. Prod. iii. p. 181.

M. albicans, Steud. Norn. ed. 2, ii. p. 139.

Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 28. — Throughout Tropical
America from Mexico to Paraguay.

30 EEPOET OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FEOM

Miconia tinifolia, Naud. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. III. xvi. (1851), p. 225.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 191. Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell
§• Quelch, 633.— Also in Venezuela.

LYTHBACE^l.

Cuphea gracilis, II. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. vi. p. 199, var. media, Koehne, in Mart.
PI. Bras. xiii. pt. II. p. 284.
Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 225.

ONAGEACE^E.

Jesseea longifolia, DC. in Mem. Soc. Phys. Genev. ii. pt. n. (1824), p. 141.
Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 20S, 214, 227.

TURNERACEiE.

Tukkera uemifolia, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 1. p. 271.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell fy Quelch, 174. Ireng Valley. McConnell 8f Quelch, 250,
260.

Tuknera velutina, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv. (1812). p. 116.
Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 240.

PnuQUETA guianensis, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Perennis, caulibus simplicibus, pilis stellatis
cum setulis intermixtis tomentosa. Folia petiolata, anguste vel oblongo-lanceolata,
obtusa, obtuse dentata, dense tomentosa. Plores axillares, solitarii. Pedicelli
4-10 lin. longi, supra medium articulati. Petala purpurea ?, glabra. Fructus
globosus, dense appresse pubescens. Semina oblonga, reticulato-foveolata.
A perennial herb growing to about 1 ft. high. Stems several from the same root-
stock, rather slender, usually simple, tomentose with a short down of stellate hairs
intermingled with longer spreading bairs. Leaves petiolate ; petiole 1-2 lin. long, blade
i-1 in. long, 1^-4 lin. broad, narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, obtusely
3-6-toothed on each side, densely stellate tomentose on both sides. Flowers axillary,
solitary. Pedicels 1-10 iin. long, jointed above the middle, stellate-tomentose. Calyx
3-4^ lin. long, stellate-tomentose outside; tube about 1 lin. lonn', shortly obconical,
lobes 2-3J lin. long, 1-1^ lin. broad, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute. Petals much
longer than the calyx, o'hovatc, glabrous, with a fringed scale at their base, apparently
purple. Stamens about 2} lin. long, with glabrous filaments. Ovary ovoid, densely
adpressed-pubescent, not tubercled ; styles 2 lin. long, with a few scattered hairs or
almost glabrous; stigmas dilated. Capsule globose, about 2 lin. diam., 3-valved, densely
covered with adpressed, rather silky hairs. Seeds 1 lin. long, oblong, rather coarsely
pitted, pale reddish brown.

British Guiana ; without precise locality, Appun, 1858. Ireng Valley, McConnell §
Quelch, 264.
Allied to P. Duarteana, Urb.

MOUNT ROEAIiMA IN BE1TISH GUIANA. :'>]

PlKIQUETA VILLOSA, Aubl. PI. (Juian. i. p. 298, 1. 117.
P. cistoides, Mey. ex Steud. Nom. ed. 2, ii. p. 34 I.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell \- Quelch, 178.

PASSIFLORACEjE.

Passiflora Quelchii, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 3.) Frutex vel arbor, glaber. Folia
petiolata, cuneato-oblonga, acuta vel obtusissima, midiilata, coriacea ; petiolus apice
biglandulosus. Stipulse minutoe, subulatae, decidual. Cirrhi nulla. Flores in
racemum abbret datum dispositi, glabri. Calycis tubus elongatus, cylindricus. Sepala
petalis subconformia, oblongo-lauceolata, obtusa. Corona faucialis nni serial is,
multipartita, scgrnentis complanatis prope apicem dilatatis oblique acuminatis;
corona interior e tubo versus basin emergens, multipartita, segmentis complanatis
lineari-falcatis.
Shrubby or arborescent, not climbing; branches woody, glabrous. Leaves simple,
entire, very coriaceous, 2-1 lin. distant, spreading, glabrous ; petiole 4-6 lin. long,
moderately stout, with two large sessile glands at the apex ; blade :}-5 in. long, §- 1 \ in.
broad, cuneately oblong, gradually tapering from f the way up in a slightly curved line
to an acute base, shortly acute or very obtuse and slightly emarginate with an apiculus
in the notch, with strongly undulated margins ; primary lateral veins 12-15 on each side
of the midrib, very spreading, uniting close to the margin in a series of broad loops ;
secondary veins much reticulated, all prominent on both sides. Stipules minute,
subulate, very deciduous. Tendrils none. Flowers in short racemes or clusters,
probably on the older parts of the branches; axis of the inflorescence §-§ in. long,
several-tiowered, glabrous. Pedicels 1-2 lin. long, glabrous. Calyx-tube about 1 in.
long, H-2 lin. diain. in the dried state, cylindric, slightly enlarged at the mouth,
glabrous; the lobes 10-12 lin. long, 2^-JU lin. broad, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or
subacute. Petals similar to the calyx-lobes and of about the same size. Corona in two
series ; one placed towards the bottom of the calyx-tube, consisting of numerous linear-
falcate, acute, erect filaments about 14 lin. long; the other at the mouth of the tube,
consisting of numerous flattened, somewhat hatchet-shaped segments rather more than
\ in. long, with the dilated part slightly toothed and dorsally produced into a short point.
Gynophore nearly 14 in. long, terete or perhaps sulcate at the base, glabrous. Filaments
of the stamens 2 lin. long. Ovary oblong, 9-striate; styles 2 lin. long, stigmas capitate.
Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Qnelch, 207.

A very distinct species, easily distinguished from all the others of shrubby habit by its
cuneately oblong, undulated leaves, shortly racemose flowers, and long calyx-tube, besides
other characters.

ARAL1ACE.E.

Didymopanax uugostjm, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Eolia 3-foliolata, foliolis ellipticis vel

elliptico-oblongis utrinque obtusis, rigide coriaceis, supra glabris rugosis, subtus

dense tomentosis. Umbelhe composite, longe pedunculatse, fulvo-tomentosae,

multiflorae. Petala ovata, acuta. Drupa immatura valde compressa, suborbiculata.

32 EEPOET ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

Leaves digitately trifoliolate ; petiole stout, j in. thick, tomentose, broken in the only
specimen seen and about 3^ in. long ; leaflets rigidly coriaceous, above glabrous and
rugose, with a narrow prominent midrib and impressed veins and veinlets, beneath
tomentose on the very stout prominent midrib and the primary veins, arid covered with a
dense blanket-like tawny tomenturn between them ; the lateral pair 3J-4 in. long, 2J-2f in.
broad, elliptic, obtuse at both ends, mucronulate, with stout petiolules about 2 lin. long ;
the terminal leaflet 4f in. long, 2| in. broad, elliptic-oblong, slightly emarginate at the
obtuse apex, mucronulate, with a stout petiole 4 lin. long. Umbel very compound, 6-8-
rayed, many -flowered, 2f-3A in. diam., with a stout, more or less flattened peduncle 4-7 in.
long, 2-3 lin. thick, everywhere, to the outside of the petals, densely covered with a
tawny tomenturn, becoming greyish with age. Secondary umbels 6-7-rayed, some of the
rays bearing a single flower, others dividing into tertiary umbels, some of which again
divide in a similar manner, forming 2- 1-flowered umbels of a fourth order. Bracts and
bracteoles suborbicular, about J-l lin. diam. Pedicels li-2 lin. long, stout, not jointed.
Calyx-limb shortly cupular, 5-toothed ; teeth J-£ lin. long, deltoid, acute. Bud globose.
Petals 5, about f lin. long, and nearly as broad, deltoid-ovate, acute, rather thick,
glabrous within. Stamens 5, not longer than the petals. Ovary 2-celled; styles 2,
somewhat flattened, divergent in young fruit, which is suborbicular in outline and
compressed.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft, McConnell 8f Quelch, 663.

A most distinct species, in general habit more like Didymopcmax Spruceamm, Seem.,
than any other ; but the very thick rigid leaves, rugose above and tomentose beneath,
at once distinguish it from that and all others.

Sciadophylltjm tmbellatum, N. E. Brown, sp. ii. Folia digitata, foliolis 6-8 petiolu-

latis oblongo-lanceolatis vel oblanceolato-oblongis obtuse acutis basi cuneatis

supra glabris subtus tomento appresso pallido vestitis. Umhella? composite,

longissime pedunculatse, multiflora?. Petala ovata, acuta. Fructus immaturus

5-angularis, compressus.

Leaves digitately 6-8-f oliolate ; petiole 4-6 in. long, l|-2 lin. thick, glabrous; leaflets

coriaceous, unequal, 2^-6 in. long, excluding the 2-7 lin. long petiolules, 1-2^ in. broad,

oblong-lanceolate or oblanceolate-oblong, obtusely pointed at the apex, cuneate at the

base, entire or very slightly repand, slightly rcvolute along the margins, glabrous above,

with a thin layer of pale close tomenturn beneath ; midrib prominent on both sides,

stouter beneath ; primary lateral veins 9-16 on each side of the midrib, rather slender

and not very prominent. Umbel compound, 2-3 in. diam., ou a peduncle 9-12 in. long,

2\ lin. thick ; rays numerous, unequal, i-lj in. long, f-1 lin. thick. Bracts minute,

rounded. Secondary umbels 10-16-flowered. Pedicels 1-Lf lin. long. Calyx-limb

annular, entire or very minutely 5-toothed. Petals 5, acute. Stamens 5, not exceeding

the petals. Ovary 3-5-celled ; style or column of united styles 1| lin. long, minutely

3— 5-fid at the apex. Young fruit deeply 3-5-angled, angles compressed.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft. McConnell 8f Quelch, 666.

Allied to S. coriaceum, Marchal, from which it differs in its more pointed leaves, very

MOUNT KORAIMA IX BRITISH GUIANA. :;.'}

much shorter and stouter pedicels, and different indumentum. The indumentum which
covers the whole of the inflorescence is rather peculiar, and is neither scurfy nor bairy,
and when highly magnified seems to consist of a very thin dense covering of very
minute, flattened, and very closely adpressed hairs, producing a greyish hue.

This species and Sciadophyllwm coriaceum differ from all the others in the genus in
having the Mowers collected into a compound umbel terminating a long peduncle, and not
paniculate ; for although S. coriaceum has a second whorl of umbels below the terminal
one, they all spring from one level, and the inflorescence cannot be called a panicle.
The styles also of these two species are united in a column, and in this character, and
indeed in their entire floral structure, they quite agree with Heptapleurum, a genus that
is only artificially separated from Sciadophyllum by this one point, as has already been
pointed out in Benth. & Hook. f. Genera Plantaruru, i. pp. 910, 912. As there are
some species of Heptapleurum in which the styles are at first united in a column and
during the growth of the young fruit become free, it appears to me that Stiadophylluvn
should include Heptapleurum, when it would form a genus fairly uniform in character
and of world-wide distribution within the tropics.

RUBIACE/E.

Henkiquezia Jexmam, K. Sebum, in Mart. Fl. Bras. vi. pt. vi. p. 135. (Plate 4.)
Mazaruni River, McConnell 8f Quelch, 711; Jenman, 629.
This handsome ti-ee appears only to have been collected in this single locality.

Chalepopiiyi.mjm speciosum, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 5, figs. 10-17.) Frutex

glaber, ramis tetragonis. Folia opposita ad apicem ramorum subconferta, coriacea,

sessilia. obovata, obtusa, subapiculata. Flores in axillis supremis (foliis delapsis)

solitarii, breviter pedicellati, bibracteati. Calycis lobi sequales vel inrequales,

lineares vel oblongi, acuti. Corolla hypocrateriforniis, 5-lobata, tubo lomnssimo,

lobis anguste lanceolatis vel oblongis acutis. Stamina inclusa. Stylus saspius

inclusus.

A stoutly-branched shrub, glabrous in all parts excepting the inside of the corolla.

Branches 1-angled, 2 lin. thick ; internodes very short, 1^-5 lin. long. Leaves opposite,

in a cluster of 3-5 pairs at the tips of the branches, subsessile, 1|— 2 in. long, f-1 in. lon°-,

more or less obovate, obtuse, bluntly apiculate, cuneate at the base, rigidly coriaceous in

the dried state, shining tibove, pale beneath, slightly revolute along the margins ; midrib

stout and conspicuous beneath ; veins inconspicuous or not at all visible. Stipules

broad-based, abruptly contracted into a linear point about H lin. long, persistent lon°-

after the leaves have fallen. Flowers usually 2 to each shoot, or sometimes 1 onlv,

arising immediately below the terminal tuft of leaves in the axils of fallen leaves or in

those of the lowest pair, solitary in each axil. Pedicels 1-1 lin. long, stout, flattened,

bibracteate at the base of the ovary. Bracts 4-8 lin. long, H-5 lin. broad, of the

form and substance of reduced leaves. Calyx-lobes 5-10 lin. long, 1-2 £ lin. broad

equal or unequal, varying from linear to oblong, acute, erect, coriaceous. Corolla

very variable in size, hypocrateriform, regular, 5-lobed ; tube lf-3^ in. long, about If lin.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. VI. p

34 REPORT 0~S TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

diam., cylindric, 5-grooved, slightly enlarged and densely hairy inside at the throat
around the anthers ; lohes spreading or recurved, 1-2 in. long, 2-6 lin. broad, linear-
lanceolate or oblong, acute, glabrous, contorted in the bud. Stamens 5, included,
inserted in the throat of the corolla-tube ; filaments about 2h lin. long ; anthers 3-3^ lin.
long, dorsifixed, with a rather long and broad attachment to the filaments, linear, acute,
bifid at the base, glabrous. Ovary 2^-3 lin. long, stoutly obconical, 2-celled ; style about
as long as the corolla-tube, or shorter than the anthers or rarely exserted, glabrous ;
stigma of two oblong obtuse lobes about 1 lin. long. Ovules numerous, flattened, on
broad placentas that are peltately attached along their middle by a very short narrow
plate to the septum. Fruit not seen.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., McCotmell 8f Quelch, 100, 305, 653.

The variation in the length of the style would seem to imply that the flowers are
heterostyled, but it may be due to a lengthening at various periods of development.
The stems in the figure on Plate 5 are not represented of sufficient stoutness.

Sipanea pkatensis, Aubl. PL Guian. i. p. 11-7, t. 56; im Thurn & Oliver, in Trans.
Linn. Soc. ser. II. ii. (1887), pp. 261, 276.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 175, 185, 198. — Widely distributed in eastern
Tropical America from Trinidad to Minas Geraes and westward to Colombia.

Didymocheamys Connellii, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 5, tigs. 1-9.) Eolia alterna,

oblique oblanceolata, subabrupte acuta, glabra. Bracteae exteriores suborbiculares,

brevissime cuspidata?. Corolloe tubus supra medium ampliatus, ore contractus ;

lobi infra medium bilobulati lobulis lineari-oblongis undulatis subtortis.

A small herb, with a simple stem lj-6 in. long. Leaves alternate, distichous, 1— If in.

long, including the very short petiole, 2^—4^ lin. broad, obliquely or subfalcately

oblanceolate, acute or rounded in at the apex to a very short cuspidate point, tapering

from above the middle to an unequal base, the upper side of which is very narrow and

acute, and the lower side broadly rounded or subtruncate, glabrous on both sides ; under

surface pale, densely covered with large stomata, which appear as whitish dots under a

lens ; stipule solitary, 3-4 lin. long, linear, acuminate, glabrous. Peduncle terminal,

about j in. long, bearing two suborhicular, apiculate, glabrous bracts, about ^ in. in

length and breadth, enclosing 2 (or more'?) shortly pedicellate flowers and 1 (or more?)

linear acute bracteole. Calyx-lobes slightly unequal, f-1 lin. long, lanceolate, acute,

erect, glabrous. Corolla-tube about ^ in. long, probably somewhat compressed, dilated a

little above the middle, then narrowed to the mouth, glabrous, with the exception of a

ring of hairs inside near the base ; lobes divided to slightly below the middle into two

diverging, linear-oblong, obtuse, undulated and somewhat twisted lobules lh lin. long

and rather more than i lin. broad, the basal entire part being about 1 lin. long and

broad, deltoid-ovate, slightly concave, with a minute, obtuse, incurved point at the apex

between the lobules. Stamens 5, included, inserted below the middle of the corolla-tube,

unequal, 2 longer than the rest and inserted higher up, having on one side a pair and on

the other side one of the shorter stamens alternating with them ; filaments glabrous,

MOUNT ROK.ATMA IN BEITISH GUIANA. 35

anthers linear. Glands of the disk 1, in 2 opposite pairs, the larger pair partly enclosing
the smaller pair. Ovary inferior, laterally compressed, 2-celled , style included, filiform ;
stigma of 2 short oblong lobes ; placenta ascending from near the base of the septum,
thin ; ovules numerous, flat.

On the Etoraima Range at 3500 It., McCotmell 8f Quelch, 71 I ; Kaieteur Falls on the
Potaro River, Jenman, 7102.

This is one of the most remarkable plants in the collection ; its alternate leaves and
general habit give it the appearance of a Gesneraceous rather than of a Rubiaccous
plant. The two large bracts enclosing the flowers and the bilobed corolla-lobes are
very remarkable characteristics. It is very closely allied to IHdymochlamys While/,
Hook, f., from New Granada, the only other known species, but differs in its much smaller
leaves and very much longer corolla-lobules. In I). Whitei the leaves are lf-31, in.
long, 4-11 lin. broad, and taper at the apex into a long acuminate point, and the
subquadrate lobules of the corolla are only about \ a line long and the same in breadth.

To the generic characters of BidymocMamys may be added the following description
of the fruit, taken from a specimen of D. Whitei sent to Kew by Mr. R. B. White in
1882 : — Fruit a laterally-compressed 2-celled capsule, dehiscing at the apex between the
glands ; placentas ascending from near the base of the septum, thin ; seeds numerous,
minute, ovate, flattened, thinly covered with rather long hairs, with a dense tuft at the
narrower (micropyle ?) end ; testa rather coriaceous, moderately thin ; albumen copious,
oily ; embryo minute.

The two smaller glands of the disk in the fruiting stage of D. Whitei are a little
longer than the larger glands, they are tubular in the upper part and may assist in the
dispersion of the seeds.

Tocoyexa neglecta, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Folia breviter petiolata, lanceolata vel
elliptico-lanceolata, acuta, basi cuneata, supra pubescentia, subtus tomentosa.
Cyniae terminales, subsessiles, 9-20-florse. Calyx acute 5-dentatus, plus minusve
tomentosus. Corolhe tubus 3-3J poll, longus, extra tomentosus, intra glaber,
fauce hirtus ; lobi oblique oblongo-lanceolati, subacuti, glabri, ciliati.
Branches subterete or obscurely 1-angled, with a light brown bark, tomentose when
young. Leaves opposite, 3-7 in. long, lf-3A in. broad, lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or
slightly obovatc, acute, cuneately tapering at the base into a petiole 1^-3 lin. lon°-,
somewhat harshly pubescent above, densely tomentose beneath, with the hairs alon"' the
veins distinctly diverging on either side ; primary veins 9-13 on each side of the midrib,
and together with the reticulated veinlets impressed above, prominent beneath. Stipules
about 2 lin. long, triangular, acute, at first tomentose, becoming glabrous with age.
Cymes terminal, subsessile, about 9-20-flowered. Flowers sessile. Calyx more or less
tomentose; the tube H-2^ lin. long, oblong, slightly tapering downwards; the limb cup-
shaped, with 5 deltoid acuminate teeth f-2 lin. long. Corolla hypocraterii'orm, 5-lobed
white; the tube 3-3^ in. long, about H lin. diam., slightly enlarged at the mouth,
tomentose outside, glabrous within, except in the throat, which is densely hairy ; the

F2

36 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

lobes 10-12 lin. long, 5-6 lin. broad, obliquely oblong-lanceolate, subacute, glabrous on
botb sides, ciliate along the outer margin, but in the younger stage, when contorted
into the lanceolate acuminate bud, the outside towards the base is more or less pubescent
or tomentose. Anthers sessile at the mouth of the corolla-tube, partly exserted, 1 lin.
long, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. Ovary 2-celled ; style as long as the corolla-tube,
slender, glabrous ; stigma of 2 oblong obtuse lobes, about 2 lin. lon»\ 1 lin. broad.
Fruit globose, about f in. diam., thinly pubescent or subglabrous.

British Guiana : Maimatta on the Rupununi River, Jewman, 5525, 5742 ; Kotinga
Valley, McConnell &f Quelch, 163; Roraima, Schomburgk, 178; Suruma River, Schom-
burgh, 772 b.

Allied to Tocoyena feet Ida, Poepp. & Endl., but differs in its much shorter petioles and
corolla-tube. From T. velutina, Spruce (which is a very distinct species, wrongly
referred to T.fuetida by K. Schumann), it differs in the less elliptic form of the leaves, in
the indumentum, and very different calyx-limb. Schomburgk's specimens are quoted
by K. Schumann in the ' Flora Brasiliensis,' vi. pt. vi. p. 318, under T.formosa, K. Schum.,
which is a quite different species, with orbicular leaves and short, ellipsoidal, obtuse
buds.

Retiniphyllum laxiflorum, N. E. Brown. (Plate 6.) Folia petiolata, elliptica vel
elliptico-oblonga, obtusa basi subcuneata, glabra. Racemus terminalis, 3-9-florus,
floribus longe pedicellatis. Bracteoli sub ovario in cupulam disciformem minute
denticulatam connati. Calyx non costatus, truncatus, minutissime 5-dentatus.
Corolla utrinque sericeo-puberula, lobis reflexis tubo brevioribus. — Pali ma laxiflora,
Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. (1811) p. 220; R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guian. iii.
p. 1142. Synisoon Schomburgkianmn, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris (187!)), p. 208 ;
Baill. Hist. PI. vii. p. 433 ; K. Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. vi. pt. vi. p. :!'.)s.
A shrub or tree, glabrous in all parts excepting the flowers, and exuding a varnish-like
resin on various parts of the young branches and inflorescence. Branches moderately
slender, with a brown bark. Leaves opposite, petiolate, thinly coriaceous ; petiole 2-8
lin. long; blade 1|-4| in. long, 1-2| in. broad, shining above, paler beneath with
distinctly reticulated veins. Stipules subtruncate, minutely apiculate. Raceme erect,
terminal, very lax, 2-2^ in. long, consisting of 1-4 pairs of opposite flowers and one
terminal one. Bracts reduced to a minutely denticulate raised line. Pedicels 6-8 lin.
long, ascending, slender. Bracteoles beneath the ovary connate into a very small, disk-
like, minutely-denticulate involucel. Calyx 3^-4 lin. long, with the limb produced for
2-2^ lin. above the ovary, tubular, truncate, with 5 very minute distant teeth, glabrous,
but more or less coated with the varnish-like secretion. Corolla erect, 5-lobed, minutely
adpressed-pubescent outside and inside, with a dense ring of white hairs near the base
of the tube inside, below which it is glabrous; tube 8-9 lin. long, lj-lf lin. diam.,
cyliudric; lobes pendulous, reflexed from their base, 7 lin. long, 1^ lin. broad, linear-
oblong, obtuse, nearly straight along one margin curved along the other, strictly con-
torted in the bud. Stamens inserted at the mouth of the tube, reflexed with the corolla,
lobes; filaments 5 lin. long, pubescent; anthers 2 lin. long, dorsiflxed, lanceolate,
produced beyond the cells into a subulate point at the apex and into an oblong,

MOUNT RORAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 37

emarginate, membranous appendage at the base, glabrous ; pollen apparently red.
Ovary 5-celled, surmounted by a rather deep ring-like disk ; style much exserted, 1^ in.
long', rather slender, pubescent ; stigma slightly thickened, ovoid-conical, tipped -with 5
minute points. Ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, axile, pendulous from near the top of
the cell, and partly covered at the top by a cap-like outgrowth of the funiclc-like
placenta. Fruit a globose, ribbed berry about \ in. diam., crowned with the calyx-tube ;
eudocarp hardened into 5 separable nutlets, 3-keeled on the back, triangular in
transverse section, with a false cell under each lateral wing. Seeds not seen.

Aroie Creek, im Thurn, 6. Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell & Quelch, IS;
Appun, 1175 ; Schomburgk, 724 (815 b), 158.

This very distinct species of Retiniphyllum appears to have been misunderstood by all
authors. Originally it was doubtfully referred by Bentham to the genus Patima, and
erroneously described as having very numerous seeds. Next, in Bentham and Hooker's
' Genera Plantarum,' ii. p. 98, it is confused with Kutchubcea insignis, Fisch., and the
part of the generic description in that work, relating to the fruit, is drawn up from the
present plant and not from the true Kutchubcea, which indeed it greatly resembles in
habit, but differs in having a 5-lobed corolla, 5 exserted, reflexed stamens, with long
filaments, a long exserted style, and in the presence of a minute disk-like involucel at
the apex of the pedicel, which is jointed to the calyx ; whilst in Kutchubcea the corolla is
8-lobed, the stamens are 8, with the anthers almost sessile and included in the throat of
the corolla-tube, the style is included, and the pedicel is continuous with the calyx,
without any trace of an involucel ; the foliage and stipules of the two plants are also
very different, besides disagreeing in several minor details. Finally Baillon made a
distinct genus of it, which he jnaced next to Knoxia, where it has no affinity, for it is
undoubtedly a true Retiniphyllum, allied to H. scabrum, Benth., but differing from that
and all others of the genus by the long slender pedicels of its lax, few-flowered
inflorescence. The involucel is characteristic of the genus Retiniphyllum.

Psychotkia concinna, OHver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. ii. (1887) p. 276, t. 12. f. B.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 80, S9, 667. — Endemic.

Psychotria crassa, Benth. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. (1811), p. 227 ; im Thurn & Oliver,
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887). pp. 265, 276 ; R, Schomb. Reisen in
Brit. -Guiana, iii. p. 945.
Summit of Mount Roraima, 3fcCounell & Quelch, 632. Also collected on Roraima by

Appun, 1112. — Kanuku Mountains.

Diodia hyssopifolia, Cham. & Scblecht. in Linnsea. iii. (1828), p. 350.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell & Quelch, 190.

38 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS PROM

COMPOSITE.

Vernonia acuta, X. E. Brown, sp. n. Rami tomentosi. Folia alterna, brevissirne

petiolata, lanceolata, acutissiina vel subpungentia, basi acuta, supra glabra, subtus

tenuiter et appresse pubescentia, glanduloso-punctata ; petiolus tomcutosus. Capitula

in axillis aggregata, sessilia, sub-10-flora. Involucri squamae 5-6 seriate, inabricatae,

lanceolatse, acuminata1, pungentes, subtomentosae, exteriores gradatim minores.

Achaenia appresse pubescentia. Pappus biserialis, squamis exterioribus linearibus

acutis quam setis interioribus multo brevioribus.

BrancMets densely tomentose. Leaves alternate, spreading ; petiole 1-2 lin. long,

tomentose ; blade 1^-2 in. long, \-\ iu. broad, lanceolate, very acute and subpungent at

the apex, acute at the base, entire, with revolute margins, rather rigid, glabrous above,

except the midrib, which is pubesceut, thinly covered with short adpressed hairs and

gland-dotted beneath, with the veins and reticulated veinlets impressed above, prominent

beneath. Heads in clusters of 3 or 4, sessile in the axils of the leaves at the ends of the

brauchlets, about J in. diam., and about 10-flowered. Involucre-scales in 5-6 series,

adpressed, lanceolate, acuminate, pungent-pointed, adpressed-pubescent or subtomentose,

the innermost about 3 lin. long, -|-f lin. broad, the others gradually smaller Corolla

\ in. long, 5-lobed, with the linear acute lobes of equal length with the tube, glabrous.

Style-branches only about \ lin. longer than the stamens. Achenes rather more than

1 lin. long, adpressed-pubescent. Pappus in two series, white; the outer of numerous

linear acute scales, the inner of numerous bristles, slightly scabrous, much longer than

the outer series.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 192.

Eupatorium iwefolium, Linn. Syst. ed. 10, p. 1205, var. gkacillimum, Baker, in Mart.
PL Bras. vi. pt. n. p. 290.
Ireng Valley, Mc Council Sf Quelch, 242.

EUPATORIUM SUBOBTISUJI, DC. Prod. V. p. 161.

Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 211, 304.

Etjpatorium roraimense, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Herbacea, ramis breviter pubescentibus.

Polia opposita, petiolata, ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, glabra, crenato-dentata, petiolo

pubescente. Capitula corymbosa, circa 20-fl.ora. Involucri squamae lineares, acutae,

glabra?. Corolla? 5-dentata, glabra, tubo supra medium ampliato, campanulato,

dentibus ovatis, acutis. Achsenia 5-angulata, angulis scaberulis. Pappi setae

scaberula?, roseo-purpureoe.

Stems herbaceous, with a very fine spreading pubescence. Leaves opposite ; petiole

4-6 lin. long, pubescent ; blade lJ-2^ in. long, |-1 in. broad, ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate, crenately toothed, with teeth 1-2 lin. broad, glabrous on both sides, rather

thin and submembranous in texture in the dried state. Corymbs terminal, compact,

2-2f in. diam., its branches \-l in. long, and, together with the slender 1^-3 lin. long

pedicels, pubescent like the stem. Bracteoles almost filiform. Heads about 2h lin.

diam., about 20-flowered. Involucre-scales 2-scriate, 2-2] lin. long, linear, acute, nearly

MOUNT KOkAIMA L\ BEITISH GTJIANA. 39

or quite glabrous. Corolla glabrous, the lube 1 liu. long-, slender below, dilated into a
campaoulate cup above the middle, with 5 ovate acute teeth }, lin. long. Achenes 1 lin.
long, 5-angled, slightly scabrous along the angles, blackish. Pappus-bristles slightly
scabrous, rosy-purple.

Summit of Mount Roraima, McCotmell 8f Quelch, 640.

This somewhat resembles EupatoHum Penllandianum, DC. (Mandon, 259), but the
corolla, pappus, and achenes are all much shorter, the corolla is very different in form,
the involucre-scales are longer and narrower, and the leaves are less sharply toothed.

Eupatorium PtTSCTJM, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Rami validi, cum petiolis et corymbis

nigrescente-tomentosi. Folia breviter petiolata, late ovata, obtusa, basi rotundata

vel subcordata, irregulariter et obtuse dentata, subcoriacea, supra glabra, glanduloso-

punctata, subtus fusco-pubescentia. Coiymbi compact! Capitula 15-16-flora.

Involucri squanme biseriatae, interiores lineari-oblonga; acuta?, exteriores minores.

Corolla subcylindrica, breviter 5-dentata, tubo glabro, dentibus dorso minute

papillaris. Pappi setse scabridse, plus minusve fiexuosre, subfulvescentes.

Flowering branches stout, 2-2J lin. thick, densely covered with a short blackish

tomentum. Leaves opposite, rather crowded, 1-9 lin. distaut ; petiole 2-3 lin. long,

stout, with a blackish tomentum, which spreads along the veins of the leaf; blade

1-lf in. long, 10 lin. to If in. broad, broadly ovate, obtuse, rounded or subcordate, very

shortly and irregularly dentate, with subobtuse teeth, or nearly entire, somewhat

coriaceous, glabrous (except along the veins,) and densely gland-dotted above, Avith a

brownish or fuscous pubescence beneath ; primary lateral veins 4-5 on each side of the

midrib, 2-3 of them arising close to the base, the others at or above the middle,

prominent beneath. Corymbs terminal, 1J-2| in. diam., compact, with short branches,

clothed with the blackish tomentum as are also the pedicels and involucres. Heads

about ^ in. diam., 15-16-flowered. Involucral-scales in two series ; the inner about

2 lin. long, h lin. broad, linear-oblong acute; the outer a little shorter, narrower and

tapering from the base to an acute point. Corolla 2 lin. long, tubular, subcylindric,

5-toothed, glabrous, with some minute papilloe on the back of the f lin. long, acute

teeth. Ovary pubescent in the upper part with short fuscous subglandular hairs.

Pappus-bristles numerous, scabrid, more or less flexuose, dull tawny. Ripe achenes not

seen.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., McCotmell Sf Quelch, 648.

A very distinct species, which would appear to be best placed near JEJ. uummularia,
Hook. & Am.

Baccharis Vitis-idjea, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 277, t. 43. f. A.
Upper slopes and summit of Mount Roraima, McC'omiell 8f Quelch, 27, 91, 650. —
Endemic.

Heterothalamus densus, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 7, figs. 1-7.) Planta nana, perennis,
dioica, dense foliosa. Folia patentia, lanceolata, acuta vel obtusa, basi in petioluni
attenuata, integra, coriacea, nitida. Capitula sessilia, 2-1-na ad apices ramorum
confertavel solitaria, discoidea. Flores hermaphroditi steriles, corollae tubo anguste

40 EEPOET ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

infundifuliformi, lobis 5 linearibus acutis patentibus. Florum fcemininorum corolla
angustissime tubulosa, truncata, vel oblique truncata, niinntissime denticulata, stylo
multo brevior.
A dwarf dioecious perennial with erect woody stems, apparently about 3-5 in. high,
rooting at the base, sparingly branched in the upper part, densely leafy to tbe top, quite
glabrous in all parts. Leaves densely crowded, spreading, £-f in. long (including the
petiole), 1-2 lin. broad, lanceolate, acute or obtuse, tapering at the base into a linear
petiole, entire, coriaceous, shining above, wrinkled from shrinkage in drying, veinless.
Heads subunisexual, solitary or 2-4 together, sessile at the apex of the branches, and
surrounded, but not overtopped by the leaves, about 2| lin. diam., discoid, many-flowered.
Involucre campanulate, a little shorter than the florets, its scales in 2-3 series, subequal,
about lh lin. long, § lin. broad, oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, ciliate. Receptacle
naked in the sterile heads, but with several linear or linear-lanceolate acute scales in the
female heads, scattered among, and about as long as, the florets. Florets of the sterile
heads structurally hermaphrodite, but with barren ovaries ; corolla with a tube 1 lin.
long, gradually widening at the mouth,' and 5 linear, acute, spreading lobes A lin. long,
o-labrous. Florets of the female heads with a very slender tubular corolla, truncate or
oblique and very minutely 5-toothed at the apex, much shorter than the shortly bifid
style, glabrous. Ovary glabrous. Pappus-bristles numerous and alike in both kinds of
flowers, equalling the style in the female florets, slightly scabrid, whitish.
Summit of Mount lloraima, 8600 ft., McConnell §r Quelch, G31.

Pteeocaulok virgattjm, DC. Prod. v. p. 454, var.

Kotinga Valley, McConmell fy Quelch, 159. Savannahs generally, McConnell 8f
Quelch, 306.

Stifftia condensata, Baker, in Mart. Fl. Bras. vi. pt. in. p. 351 ; im Thurn & Oliver,
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. ii. (1887), pp. 254, 278.
Summit of Mount Rorairna, McConnell 8f Quelch, 87, 651. — Endemic.

Stifftia Connellii, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 8.) Rami 2-3 lin. crassi, tomento

compacto cinereo dense obtecti. Folia petiolata, coriacea, oblonga vel oblongo-

obovata, obtusa, basi cuneato-rotundata, supra glabra, subtus tomento deciduo

vestita. Capitula solitaria, magna. Involucri subinfundibuliformis bractese

rnultiseriatae; interiores ligulatre obtusa?; exteriores gradatim minores, ovatae, obtusae,

subtomentosse. Receptaculum bracteis linearibus minute dentato-ciliatis paucis

onustum. Corolla infra medium 5-loba, glabra, lobis linearibus acutis spiraliter

revolutis. Stylus longe exsertns, apice minute bifidus.

Branches woody, 2-3 lin. thick, covered with a dense, felt-like, greyish tomentum.

Leaves alternate, petiolate, coriaceous; petiole |-f in. long, tomentose; blade 3^-5^ in.

long, H-2^ in. broad, oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse, somewdiat cuneately rounded at

the base, entire, glabrous above, clothed with a deciduous tomentum beneath, which

falls away in patches ; midrib and veins about equally prominent on both sides. Heads

solitary, terminal, about 2\ in. long and 2 in. diam. Involucre somewhat funnel-shaped,

MOUNT BORAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 41

shorter than the florets, with imbricating' bracts in 10 or 12 series, the innermost about
1^ in. long-, lf-3^ lin. broad, strap-shaped to Lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, the outer
gradually smaller, ovate, obtuse, tomentose on tlie hack. Receptacle with a few
deciduous bracts, scattered among the florets, about 1| in. long, linear, obtuse, sparseh
and minutely denticulate-ciliate. Corolla glabrous, with a lube about ! in. long,
slightly enlarging upwards, and spirally revolute linear-acute lobes, about 8 lin. long,
§— § lin. broad. Anthers about 7 lin. long, with the tails connate in pairs. Ovary ] in.
long, compressed, glabrous. Style much exserted, minutely bifid at the apex. Pappus-
bristles copious, unequal, the longest about 10 lin. long, minutely adpressed pubesceut,
dull straw-coloured, or pale tawny.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 1S000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 661.

A very distinct species, readily distinguished by its large heads, and the very long
exserted styles. It appears to be a connecting link between Stifftia and Wimderlichia.
The presence of bracts upon the receptacle and the minutely bifid stigma, technically
place it in the genus Wunderlichia, Biedel, but the plant has a different appearance,
and the receptacular bracts are not persistent and not of the same character or scarious
textm-e as those of Wunderlichia. In all probability when more species are discovered
it will be found that the two genera will have to be united.

Qtjelchia, N. E. Brown, gen. now
Capitula 1-flora in glomerulum vel cymam densam aggregata. Involucruni conico-
tubulosum, bracteis imbricatis interioribus elongatis, exterioribus gradatim brevioribus
ovatis. Rcceptaculum parvum, nudum. Corolla regularis, profunde 5-loba, tubo
brevissimo, lobis linearibus. Antherac basi caudato-sagittatse, caudis retrorsim subbarbatis.
Styli rami breves, erecti, truncati. Achsenia subteretia, leviter costata. Pappi seta?
copiosse. — Erutex, foliis alternis integris coriaceis. Capitulorum glomeruli pedunculati.

Quelchia confehta, N. E. Brown. (Plate 7, figs. 8-14.) Eaini apice tomentosi. Folia

petiolata, obovata vel oblongo-oblanceolata, obtusa vel apiculata basi cuneato-acuta,

primum subtornentosa, demum glabrata. Glomeruli vel corymbi |-1 poll. diam.

Pedunculi tomentosi. Capitula sessilia, 1-flora, conferta. Involucri bractea?

interiores anguste lanceolata?, obtusa?, glabra? ; exteriores ovata?, dorso tomentosa?.

Corolla glabra. Achsenia 2}2 lin. longa, glabra. Pappi seta? 3-4 lin. longa? vix

vel leviter scabrida?.

Apparently a shrub, densely tomentose on the youngest parts of the shoots. Leaves

alternate, coriaceous, petiolate ; petiole 2-G lin. long, tomentose in the young state

becoming glabrous; blade 1-2^ in. long, 5-10 lin. broad, obovate or oblong-oblanceolate,

obtuse or more or less apiculate, cuneate-acute at the base, entire, at first with a thin

tomentum on both sides, which soon disappears and the leaf becomes glabrous ; midrib

impressed and pubescent above, very prominent beneath, veins reticulated, impressed

above, scarcely prominent beneath. Corymbs pedunculate, small, hemispherical or

subglobose, very densely many-headed, f-1 in. diam. Peduncles h-\h in. Ion"-,

SECOND SERIES — BOTANY, VOL. VI. G

42 KEPOET OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

tomentose, bearing a few small leaf-like bracts at the base of the very short branches
of the corymb. Heads sessile, densely crowded, about 1 lin. long, 1 -flowered. Involucre
cylindric-conical, with 12-16 spirally imbricating scales, the innermost about 3i lin.
long, |-1 lin. broad, narrowly lanceolate obtuse, glabrous, the outer gradually shorter
and more and more ovate, and more or less tomentose on the back. Floret not exceeding
the involucre (?), hermaphrodite. Corolla regular, very deeply 5-lobed, glabrous, the
lobes about 2J lin. long, linear, acute, incurved at the apex. Stamens with free
filaments and syngenesious anthers, which are produced at the base into long, slightly
barbed tails. Achenes 2J lin. long, subterete, slightly grooved, glabrous. Pappus-
bristles copious, 3-4 lin. long, nearly smooth or very slightly scabrid, pale tawny-white.

Summit of Mount Horaima, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelc/t, 652.

This plant appears to be nearly allied to the genus Mbquinia, DC, but differs in habit
and in its 1-fiowered, densely-crowded heads. I am somewhat doubtful as to the
exsertion of the floret from the involucre during flowering, as I have only seen the
corollas in the bud state; when in fruit the achene is as long as the involucre and the
pappus is entirely exserted.

CAMPANULACEiE.

Centropogon surinamensis, Presl, Prod. Monog. Lobel. p. 48 ; im Thurn & Oliver,
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot, ii. (1887), pp. 261, 278.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 156. — Widely dispersed throughout Tropical
America except on the west of the Andes.

VACCINIACE.E.

Psammisia coriacea, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Erutex glaber. Eolia breviter petiolata,
obovata, oblonga vel orbiculata, crasse coriacea, integra, infra reticulato-venosa.
Elores in axillis aggregati, pendiUi. Pedicelli recurvi, bibraeteolati. Calyx cum
pedicello articulatus, limbo breviter 4-5-dentato. Corolla i poll, longa, tubulosa,
ore angustata, breviter 4-5-loba, lobis erectis lineari-oblongis obtusis. Stamina
inclusa, biseriata, libera, glabra, antheris longe bitubulosis. Ovarium subglobosum.
Stylus corolla subtequilougus, nee exsertus.
A shrub with a greyish-brown bark. Leaves shortly petiolate, thick and rigidly
coriaceous, glabrous ; petiole 1-2 lin. long, stout ; blade f-lj in. long, J-l-g in. broad, varying
from obovate to orbicular, obtuse, entire, reticulately veined beneath. Flowers in clusters
of 3-9 in the axils of the leaves, pedicellate, drooping. Pedicels about 1 lin. long,
curved, bibracteolate at the middle or below, glabrous. Bracteoles opposite or sub-
opposite, J-f lin. long, broadly ovate, obtuse or subapiculate, very minutely ciliate.
Calyx about 2| lm. long, glabrous, jointed to the pedicel, truncate at the base, with a
subglobose tube and a cup-shaped shortly 4-5-toothed limb, the teeth very much
broader than long, acute or apiculate. Corolla \ in. long, about 2 lin. diam., tubular,
narrowed at the mouth, 4-5-lobed, glabrous inside and outside ; lobes 1 lin. long, erect,
linear-oblong, obtuse. Stamens 8-10, included, biseriate, glabrous ; the shorter filaments
1^ lin. long, the longer If lin. long ; anthers | in. long, with the cells passing into two

MOUNT KOKAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. L3

long' tubes about 3 times as long as the united part, opening by long oblique slits
Ovary subglobose, 4-5-eelled ; style r>i-6 lin. long, not exserted, filiform, glabrous ; stigma
small, discoid. Ovules numerous in each cell. Berry globose, many-seeded ; seeds about
§ lin. long, variable in form, with a pale brown reticulated testa.
Summit of Mount lloraima, 8600 ft., McConucll A- Quelch, 662.

Yaccinitjm RORAIMENSE, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Fruticulus, ramis patente pubescentibus

Miosis. Folia parva, breviter petiolata, rigide coriacea, lanceolata obovata vel

elliptica, obtusa vel rare acuta, crenato-dentata vel Integra, glabra, marginihus subtus

incrassata. Racemi breves, terminales, bractcati. Pedicelli bracteolati, pubescentes.

Bracteoke lanceolata?, acutse, tenuiter glanduloso-ciliatae. Calyx glaber, loliis

deltoideo-ovatis acutis. Corolla 2f liu. longa, urceolata, breviter 5-loba. Stamina

10, inclusa, tilamentis a basi attenuatis ciliatis, an.th.eris acutis nee aristatis.

Ovarium obconicum, 5-loculare, glabrum, loculis 2-3-ovulatis. — Vaccmivm, mi

Kfloribundum, H. B. & K. ?, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887) p. 278.

A small branching shrub, probably of dwarf habit. Branches rather slender, very

leafy, pubescent with short spreading hairs. Leaves small, petiolate, thick, rigidly

coriaceous, glabrous; petiole ^-lj lin. long; blade 3|-7 lin. long, 2-5g lin. broad,

varying from lanceolate to elliptic, obtuse or bluntly pointed, rarely acute, crenately

toothed or entire, with the margins much thickened beneath, and the veins usually

inconspicuous above, more or less evident beneath. Flowers in short terminal bracteate

racemes, or aggregated at the apex of the branches. Pedicels li-3, rarely 4-5 lin. long,

pubescent, bracteolate. Bracts and bracteoles similar, 1-li liu. long, lanceolate,

acute, or occasionally the bracts are larger and resemble very small leaves, glabrous,

more or less gland-ciliate. Calyx jointed to the pedicel, with a 5-lobed limb, glabrous;

lobes 1 lin. long, deltoid-ovate, acute. Corolla 2f lin. long, urceolate, 5-lobed,

glabrous; lobes about f lin. long, broadly ovate, obtuse. Stamens 10, included;

filaments 1 lin. long, tapering upwards from a broad base, ciliate ; anthers acute but not

aristate. Ovary obconical, surmounted by a thick ring-like disk, 5-eelled, with 2-3

ovules in each cell, glabrous ; style about lh lin. long ; stigma dilated cushion-like.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., vm Thurn, 329, 333 ; McConnell & Quelch, 79,
494, 642.

Allied to V. polystachyum, Benth., but very different in foliage.

Besides the above, there is a specimen belonging to this family which is too imperfect
for identification ; it was collected in the Kotinga Valley, McConucll & Quelch, 187.

ERICACEAE.

I'ernettya makginata, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Frutex foliosus, ramis gracilibus plus minus
hirtis. Folia breviter petiolata, coriacea, ovata vel elliptica, acuta vel subacuta, basi
rotundata, supra glabra, nitida, infra ssepe parce setulosa, marginibus infra incrassat is
setuloso-denticulatis. Flores axillares, solitares. Pedicelli bracteolati, pubescentes.

g2

•14 EEPOET ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

Bracteolae ovatse, glanduloso-dentieulatae. Calyx glaber, lobis ovatis acutis minute
ciliatis. Corolla 3^ lin. longa, urceolata, breviter 5-loba, lobis recurvis. Stamina
inclusa, filameutis basi dilatis ciliatis, antheris apicibus 4-aristatis. Eacca globosa,
| poll. diam. — P. sp. off. parvifolice, Benth., Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II.
Bot. ii. p. 278.
A shrub with very leafy slender branches, which are more or less covered with
scattered spreading hairs, but are scarcely hispid, and occasionally nearly glabrous.
Leaves small, rather crowded, petiolate, rigidly coriaceous ; petiole about 1 lin. long ;
blade 5-8 lin. long, 3|-4| lin. broad, ovate or elliptic, acute or subacute, rounded at the
base, thickened and slightly recurved along the denticulate margins beneath, the teeth
tipped with a minute bristle, usually with a few scattered bristle-like hairs beneath,
otherwise glabrous, shining and rugose from depressions (caused by shrinkage in drying?)
between the veins above. Flowers axillary, solitary. Pedicels 2-5 lin. long, more or
less pubescent, bracteolate. Bracteoles 5 or 6, about 1 lin. long, ovate, acute, gland-
toothed, the lowermost crowded. Calyx 5-lobcd nearly to the base, not enlarging in the
fruiting stage; lobes H lin. long, f-1 lin. broad, ovate, acute, minutely ciliate, otherwise
glabrous. Corolla 3h lin. long, urceolate, glabrous, with 5 ovate obtuse recurved lobes
f-1 lin. long. Stamens shorter than the corolla, 2 lin. long; filaments ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate, ciliate with rather long hairs ; anthers tipped with f bristles about g- as long
as the cells. Ovary subglobose, glabrous ; style li lin. long, glabrous ; stigma dilated,
discoid. Berry globose, about | in. in diam.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., McGonnell & Quelch, 037 : im Thurn, 333 a.
Allied to Perttettya rigida, DO, but among other characters the more thickened margin
of the leaves and more numerous bracteoles serve readily to distinguish it.

Gaflthejua setulosa, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Frutex setulis glanduliferis ubique vestitus.

Folia brevissime petiolata, late cordato-ovata vel suborbicularia, coriacea, integra,

utiinque setuloso-scabrida, ciliata. Racemi solitarii vel 2-3-ni ad apices ramorum,

bract eati. Calycis lobi deltoideo-ovati, acuminati. Corolla urceolata, breviter 5-

loba, intra glabra. Stamina inclusa, tilamentis linearibus ciliatis, antheris obtusis

muticis. Ovarium dejn-essurn, 5-lobum, pubescens. — Gaultheria aff. G. vestitcr,

Benth., Oliver in Trans. Liun. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887) p. 278.

A shrub, more or less clothed with long setre or gland-tipped hairs on the branches,

leaves, and inflorescence. Leaves very shortly petiolate, f— If in. long, f-li in. broad,

ovate or suborbicular, obtuse or subacute, cordate at the base, entire, rigidly coriaceous,

more or less setose or scabrid on both sides, ciliate, with the veins much reticulated and

prominent beneath. Racemes solitary or 2-3 together at the apex of the branches, erect,

bracteate, 1-4 in. long, 7-15-flowered, rather lax, puberulous and more or less densely

covered with gland-tipped bristles on the axis, bracts, pedicels, calyx, and corolla.

Bracts ^— J in. long, 2-3J lin. broad, elliptic subacute, concave, spreading, persistent.

Pedicels 3-8 lin. long, ascending or spreading. Calyx 2-2^ lin. loug, 5-lobed to | the

way down, the lobes l-J-2 lin. long, deltoid-ovate, acuminate. Corolla 3^-4 lin. long,

2^ lin. diam., urceolate, with 5 recurved, ovate, obtuse lobes f lin. long, glabrous inside.

Stamens 10, included, § as long as the corolla ; filaments linear, ciliate ; anthers | lin.

MOUNT ROKAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 1)5

long, oblong, obtuse, shortly bifid at the apex, but not in the least produced into awns
or tubes, opening by longitudinal slits nearly to the base. Ovary depressed, 5-lobed,
pubescent; style included, rather stout, glabrous; stigma simple, not enlarged. Capsule
depressed, 5-angled, pubescent.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., im Thurn, '-V-V1 ; McConnell & Quelch, 104, 047-
Allied to Gauliheria cordifolia, 11. B. & K., and G. vestita, Henth., but differing from
both in the scabrid upper surface of the leaves, the stouter gland-tipped seta? which
clothe it. and by the obtuse, not aristate anthers.

Ledotiiamnus sessilielorus, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Fraticulus nanus, ericoideus. Eolia
verticillata, 3-na vel 4-na ad nodos posita, imbricata, brevissime petiolata, linearia
vel lineari-lanceolata, acuta, minute puberula. Flores solitarii, termiuales, sessiles.
Sepala 7 vel 6, anguste lanceolata, acuta, puberula vel subglabra, ciliata. Petala
7 vel 6, oblonga obtusa, glabra. Stamina 7 vel 6, filanientis quain antheris multo
longioribus. Discus nullus. Ovarium subglobosum vel ovoideum, granulosum. 5-8-
loculare ; stylus crassus ; stigma subinfundibuliforme, minute 5-8-lobulatum.
A dwarf shrublet 4-8 in. high. Stems erect, simple or branched, densely leafy to tin-
apex, at first minutely puberulous, becoming glabrous, and rough from the persistent
scars of the fallen leaves. Leaves resembling those of an Erica, in densely crowded
whorls of 3-4, ascending, imbricating, lh-2h lin. long, |-§ lin broad, linear or narrowly
linear-lanceolate, acute, narrowed at the base into a very short petiole, thick, flat on
the face, grooved down the back, minutely puberulous, ciliate or entire. Flowers
terminal, solitary, f-lj in. diam., sessile, surrounded by a few bracts that are intermediate
in character between the sepals and leaves. Sepals 7 or occasionally 0, spreading, *>— 1 A
lin. long, §-f lin. broad, narrowly lanceolate, acute, minutely puberulous or subglabrous,
ciliate. Petals usually 7, very spreading, bright crimson, 5-7 lin. long, 2-3 lin. broad,
oblong, obtuse, cuneately narrowed at the base, entire, glabrous. Stamens 7 or 6, shorter
than the petals, glabrous ; filaments 3J-4i lin. long, gradually dilated towards the base;
anthers 1^ lin. long, oblong, obtuse. Ovary subglobose or ovoid, granulate-rugose, 5-8-
celled, with a stout style 1J-1^ lin. long, slightly dilated at the apex into a funnel-
shaped minutely 5-8-lobed stigma. Capsule sessile, 2-2/, lin. diam., 5-8-valved,
granulate.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8000 ft., McConnell &• Quelch, 643.

Var. glaber, N. E. Brown, var. n. Folia et sepala glabra, ciliata.

Leaves and sepals glabrous, ciliate.

L.guyanensis, Meissn., var. minor, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p, 278, t. J t. f. A.

Mount Koraima, on the upper part of the Ledge and on the summit, Ln Thurn, 308 ;
McConnell 8f Quelch, 99.

This plant is very distinct from L. guyanensis, Meissn., with which it has been
associated by Oliver, differing not only by its smaller size and smaller leayes, but more
especially by its sessile flowers and the long filaments of the stamens, ln L. guyanensis
the flowers have pedicels ^— § in. long covered with gland-tipped hairs, and the filaments
of the stamens are only about 1 lin. long and shorter than the anthers.

46 EEPOET ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FEOM

Befaria gttianensis. Klotzsch, in R. Schomb. Eeisen in Brit.-Gniana, iii. p. 1088;
Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 278 ; Appuu, Unter den
Tropen, ii. pp. 232, 287, 292.
Upper slopes and Ledge of Mount Roraima, McComiell Sf Quelch, 40. — Endemic.

Befakia Imthtjrnii, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Fruticulus nanus, ramis pilis glanduliferis
vel setulis vestitus. Eolia conferta, breviter petiolata, coriacea. elliptico-oblonga vel
elliptico-lanceolata, utrinque obtusa vel acuta, supra glabra, subtus glaucaet glabra
vel costa plus minus setulosa, marginibus integris vel glanduloso-scabridis vel ciliatis.
Racemi snbumbelliformes, densi. Pedicelli snbhispidi. Calyx campanulatus, 7-8-
lobus, lobis biseriatis late ovatis obtusis. Petala 6-8, oblonga, obtusa. Stamina
12-16, petalis subaequilonga, basi pilosa. — Befaria off. B. reshwsce, Mutis ; Oliver
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot, ii. (1887), p. 278.
A dwarf sbrublet, witb tbe branchlets densely covered with spreading simple or gland-
tipped bairs, very leafy. Leaves crowded, very shortly petiolate, coriaceous ; petiole ^-1
lin. long ; blade i-1 in. long, \-h in. broad, elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, about
equally acute or obtuse at each end, with slightly revolute margins, which are either
quite entire, minutely gland-scabrid, or ciliate with short gland-tipped bristles or longer
simple hairs, glabrous and smooth above, glaucous and either quite glabrous or with some
simple or gland-tipped bristles scattered along the midrib beneath. EloAvers several,
crowded into a short terminal umbel-like raceme or cluster, each flower being solitary
in the axil of one of the uppermost leaves. Pedicels 3-7 lin. long, more or less densely
covered with stiff spreading hairs. Calyx about 2 lin. long, campanulate, 7-8-lobed to
about the middle, with the lobes in two series, broadly ovate, obtuse, glabrous, minutely
ciliate. Corolla glabrous, pink; petals 6-8, slightly spreading, S-9 lin. long, 3 lin.
broad, oblong, obtuse, cuneate at the base. Stamens 12-16, about as long as the petals;
filaments filiform, slightly thickened and hairy at the base ; anthers 1 lin. long, cuneately
oblong, obtuse. Ovary depressed, lobulate, glabrous, with a glabrous style 6-8 lin. long,
elongating to 1-1 J in. long in fruit, and a capitate slightly lobed stigma. Capsule about
^ in. diam., woody, 6 (or more ?)-valved.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., vm Thurn, 310; Mc Council §r Quelch, 94, 646.
Allied to B. guianemis, Klotzsch {Schomburgk, 1011). from which it differs in its less
elongated, glabrous leaves. In B. gnianemis the leaves are 1-1A in. long, and their upper
surface is thinly covered with short gland-tipped bristles, tubercular at the base, becoming
more or less scabrid after the bristles have fallen or have been rubbed off; on the under
side they are more or less densely covered all over with fine gland-tipped hairs, with
longer hairs on the midrib, and they appear to be less glaucous than in B. Imthumii.

MYRSINACE^3.

Aedisia Quelchii, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Eiutex dioicus, glaber, ramis crassis. Eolia
aiterna, petiolata, coriacea, obovata vel subelliptica, obtusa vel rare subacuta, integra,
subtus minutissime rubro-glandulosa. Paniculae axillares, anguste oblonga? vel

MOUNT BOBAIMA l.\ BRITISH GUIANA. 4.7

pyramidales, minutissime rubro-glandulosae, floribus parvis ad apices ramoruni

confertis. Calyx ])rofuiide 4-lobus, glanduloso-punctatus, lobis oblongis obtusis.

Corolla profunda fc-loba, glanduloso-punctata, lobis oblongis obtusis patentibus.

Stamina 4, corollsB lobis breviora et prope basin inserta, filamentis quam antheris

panlo brevioribus.
A dio3cious shrub, probably of dwarf habit, glabrous in all parts, with branches ^ in.
thick, terete. Leaves chiefly near the apex of the stem, alternate, petiolate, coriaceous ;
petiole 2-4 lin. long, rather stout; blade H-2f in. Ion-', 10-1 (i lin. broad, obovate or
occasionally subelliptic, obtuse, rarely subacute, with revolute margins, entire, more or
less densely covered with very minute red glands beneath. Panicles axillary, near the
summits of the branches, narrowly oblong or pyramidal, 1-3| in. long, }- 1\ in. broad,
covered with minute red glands, with the flowers crowded at the ends of the short,
rather distant, simple branches. Bracts |-1 lin. long, oblong, obtuse, dotted with rather
large dark-coloured glands. Calyx 4-lobed nearly to the base ; lobes i-§ lin. long, oblong,
obtuse, conspicuously gland-dotted. Corolla about 2 lin. diam., i-lobed nearly to the
base; lobes f-1 lin. long, rather more than i lin. broad, conspicuously gland-dotted.
Stamens 4, shorter than and inserted towards the base of the corolla-lobes, with stout
filaments rather shorter than the oblong, ^ lin. long anthers. Ovary rudimentary, minute,
subulate, or none. Female flowers not seen.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 665.
A very distinct species, unlike any other.

APOCYNACEiE.

Mandevilla glabra, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Caules volubiles, glabrescentes. Folia

parva, distantia, petiolata, coriacea, lanceolata, acuminata, apice obtusa, glabra.

Bacemi brevissimi, pauciflori, axillares, glabri. Peduneuli et pedicelli brevissimi.

Sepala parva, ovata, acuta, glabra. Corolla infundibularis, 2J poll, longa, extra

glabra, intra ad insertionem staminum pilis deflexis dense barbata, lobis dolabri-

formibus. Stamina inclusa, filamentis oblongis apice barbatis, antheris acutis, basi

cordatis obtusis.

Stem twining, about 1 lin. thick, glabrous or with a very few short scattered hairs,

brown. Leaves opposite, distant, petiolate, coriaceous, glabrous ; petiole 2-3 lin long ;

blade f-1 in. long, 3J-4 lin. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, obtuse at the point, entire,

with the midrib impressed above, prominent beneath, and having 5 or 6 small tubercles

or glands scattei'ed along it on the upper side, the lateral veins spreading, slightly

impressed on both sides in the dried state, not very conspicuous. Racemes axillary,

from one axil, very short, about 3-flowered in the specimen seen ; glabrous. Peduncle

about 1 lin. long, stout. Pedicels alternate, 1-1 h lin. long, stout. Sepals 1 lin. long,

§-f lin. broad, ovate, acute, glabrous, each with a very short, transversely oblong,

denticulate scale at its base inside. Corolla about 2] in. long, funnel-shaped ; tube

curved, cylindrical and about H lin. diam. in the lower half, much enlarged and sub-

campanulate in the upper half, glabrous outside and inside, except ."« broad lines that are

48 EEPOKT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

densely bearded with deflexed white hairs at the insertion of the stamens within ;
lobes about f in. long, hatchet-shaped, one side being dilated into a large square
membranous obtuse lobe. Stamens inserted at the top of the narrow part of the tube
included ; filaments about 1 lin. long and nearly as broad, flat, oblong, slightly bearded
near the apex on the inner face ; anthers 3f lin. long, linear-oblong, acute, shortly
cordate at the base, connate, adnate to the stigma. Disk shortly lobed. Ovary glabrous ;
style about 14 lin. long, slender, glabrous ; stigma conical, 5- winged.
Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell S,' Queleh, 10.

Manlevilla linearis, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Caules volubiles, gracilcs, puberuli. Eolia
breviter petiolata, linearia, acuta, supra glabra, subtus tomentosa, marginibus fere
vel usque ad costam revolutis. Racemi breves, pauciflori, minute puberuli.
Bi'actese parvae, acuminata?. Pedicelli brevissimi. Sepala parva, deltoidea, acuminata.
Corolla infundibularis, 2j poll, longa, recta, extra glabra, intra ad mediam dense
barbata. Stamina inclusa, filamentis ellipticis glabris, antheris subacutis basi
breviter cordatis vel emarginatis.
Stem twining, slender, puberulous. Leaves opposite, £— 2^ in. distant, petiolate,
thinly coriaceous; petiole l-l1 lin. long, rather slender, puberulous; blade 1^-2| in.
long, linear, acute, obtuse at the base, with the margins revolute nearly or quite to the
midrib, glabrous and shining, with an impressed midrib above, tomentose, with a
prominent midrib beneath, the tomentum usually hidden by the revolute margins.
Bacemes short, |-f in. long, more than half of which is peduncle, 3-1-flowered, very
minutely puberulous. Bracts about f lin. long, ovate, acuminate. Pedicels alternate,
about 1 lin. long, rather stout. Calyx-lobes about 1^ lin. long, deltoid, acuminate, sub-
glabrous or very minutely puberulous, each with a small ovate scale at the base inside.
Corolla about 2^ in. long, funnel-shaped, straight, 5-lobed, glabrous outside, the middle
part of the tube inside densely covered with deflexed Avhite hairs ; tube cylindric and
about 1^ lin. diam. for f of its length, upper part much enlarged, subcampanulate ;
lobes about 5 lin. long, hatchet-shaped, with an incurved apiculus, one side being
dilated into a subrectangular, obtuse, membranous lobe. Stamens 5, included, inserted
at the top of the narrow part of the tube ; filaments about | lin. long, elliptic, glabrous ;
anthers 2 lin. long, linear-oblong, subacute, slightly narrowed at the emarginate or
shortly cordate base. Disk of 5 oblong lobes. Ovary glabrous ; style about l£ in.
long, filiform, glabrous; stigma subquadrate when viewed sideways, obtuse, 5-winged.
Kotinga Valley, 3000 ft., McConnell fy Queleh, 132, 101,

Mandevilla scaberula, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Caules volubiles, pubemli. Folia
distantia, petiolata, oblonga, obtusa, apiculata, basi cordata, supra scaberula, subtus
tomentosa, reticulato-venosa. Racemi axillares, multiflori, puberuli. Bractea?
oblonga? vel oblongo-lanceolata?, Pedicelli brevi. Calyeis Lobi ovati, acuti, intra
squama ovata instructi. Corolla 2 poll, longa, infundibularis, extra pubesceus,
intra ad insertionem staminum pilis detlexis dense barbata, tubo curvato inferne
angusto basi leviter inflato, superne ampliato subcampanulatOj lobis dolabriformibus.
Stamina inclusa, filamentis linearibus dense barbatis. antheris acutis basi cordatis
obtusis.

MOUNT KOKAIMA JN BKITISH GUIANA. 49

Stem twining, lf-1^ lin. thick, puberulous. Leaves opposite, very distant, 2f, -3| in.
long, ly- 2 in. broad, oblong, obtuse, apiculate, cordate at the base, scaberulous above,
finely greyish-tomentose beneath, reticulated with dark veins; petiole 1 ',-2 lin. long,
puberulous. Racemes axillary, from one axil, 2-3 in. Long, including the f- in. long
peduncle, many-flowered, densely puberulous in all parts. Bracts about 2 lin. long.
lf-1^ lin. broad, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acute, thin, spreading, deciduous.
Pedicels alternate, 2-3 lin. long, moderately stout. Calyx-lobes 1^ lin. long and nearly
as broad, ovate, acute, each with an ovate acute slightly toothed scale at its base inside.
Corolla about 2 in. long, funnel-shaped, curved, 5-lobed, pubescent outside, densely
bearded with dellexed white hairs at the insertion of the stamens within, elsewhere
glabrous ; the lower half of the tube is slightly inflated at its base and there about
2^ lin. diam., narrowed above to H lin. diam. ; the upper half much enlarged, funnel-
shaped or subcampanulate ; lobes about f in. long, hatchet-shaped, one side being dilated
into a large subquadrate, obtusely rounded, membranous lobe. Stamens 5, included,
inserted at the top of the narrow part of the tube ; filaments short, flat, linear, densely
bearded on the inner face ; anthers 2}2 lin. long, linear-oblong, acute, shortly cordate at
the base, connate, adnate to the stigma. Disk tubular, f lin. deep, 5-crenate. Ovary
pubescent; style about 1J in. long, very slender, glabrous ; stigma conical, 5-winged.

Tolimbaru Creek near Mount Boraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, I'M).

ASCLEPIADACE^].

Ditassa taxifolia, Decne. in DC. Prod. viii. p. 578.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 165, 166. Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch.
323.

LOGANIACEiE.

BoNyuNiA minor, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 9, figs. 1-5.) Frutex glaber. Folia
opposita, approximata, breviter petiolata, coriacea, rotundato-ovata, subacuta, basi
rotundata vel leviter cordata. Cyma? subdensa?, ramulis puberulis, floribus sessilibus
braeteolatis. Calyx campanulatus, minute puberulus, dentibus deltoideis subacutis.
Corollse tubus subcylindiicus, extra pubescens, intra parte inferiore puberulus,
superiorc glaber ; lobi patentes, recurvi, superne cariuato-incrassati, superne
etiam carina et marginibus puberuli, area basali triangulare glabri. Ovarium
breviter pilosum, stylo pubescente, stigmate bilobo.
A shrub. Branches terete, glabrous, dark brown. Leaves opposite, subimbricate,
ascending, shortly petiolate, coriaceous, glabrous; petiole 1 lin. long; blade f-lj in.
long, ^-1 in. broad, roundish-ovate, subacute, broadly rounded or slightly cordate at the
base, with prominent veins beneath. Cymes terminal, rather dense, 1-1} in. diam.,
with puberulous branches 2-4 lin. long. Flowers sessile, bracteolate. Bracteoles
|-1 lin. long, linear or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, minutely puberulous. Calyx about
\\ lin. long, campanulate, puberulous, with 5 deltoid subacute teeth. Corolla tubular,
with 5 spreading recurved lobes; tube 3^ lin. long, subcylindric, pubescent outside,
puberulous within in the lower §, glabrous above; lobes about 2| lin. long, spreading.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. VI. H

50 REPORT OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

recurved, thickened and keeled in the upper half and along the margins below and there
densely puberulous, enclosing a narrowly triangular glabrous basal area. Stamens 5,
inserted at the mouth of the tube, glabrous ; filaments J lin. long, slender ; anthers
about 1 lin. long, partly exserted, linear, acute. Ovary shortly hairy ; style lf-lf lin.
long, pubescent; stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 4-0 lin. long, 2^-3 lin. diam.. ellipsoidal,
sparingly pubescent or nearly glabrous, 2-valvcd.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell §• Quelch, 161. Ireng Valley, McConnell §r Quelch, 331.

Axtonia ovata, Pohl, PL Bras. ii. p. 13, t. 109

Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 164. Upper slopes of Mount Roraiina,
McConnell 8f Quelch. 324. — Only known from Brazil and Guiana.

GENTIANACE/E.

Schultesia brack yptkka, Cham, in Linmea, viii. (1833), p. s.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell §r Quelch, 148.

Schultesia ueterophyuua, Miq. in Liansea, xix. (1847), p. 136.
Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 249.

Schultesia Benthamiaxa, Klotzscb, ex Griseb. in Liungea, xxii. (1849), p. 31.
Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 247 (and 224, apparently a starved state).

Coutoubea reflexa, Benth. in Ann. Nat. Hist. ii. (1839). p. 1 ,42.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell fy Quelch, 141.

Coutoubea spicata, Aubl. PI. Guian. i. p. 72.
Ireng Valley, McConnell §r Quelch, 221, 259.

Lisianthus Imthuknianus, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 279.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 101, 682. — Endemic.

Lisianthus uliginosus, Griseb. Gen. et Sp. Gent. p. 181.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 172. Ireng Valley. 201, 252. Upper slopes of
Mount Roraima (a small-flowered form), JfcConuell §r Quelch, 15. — Widely dispersed in
Guiana and Brazil.

Lisianthus Quelchii, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 9, tigs. 6-9.) Eruticulus glaber, ramis
tetragonis internodiis I5-6 lin. longis. Eolia opposita, petiolata, oblonga vel
elliptico-oblonga vel obovata, subacuta vel obtusa et apiculata, coriacea. Elores
1-3-ni ad apices ramorum, pedicellati. Calyx campanulatus, profunde 5-lobus,
lobis oblongis obtusis. Corolla 1-H poll, longa, subinfundibularis, curvata, lobis
rotundatis obtusis. Stamina inclusa, tilamentis apice recurvis, antheris erectis.
Ovarium ovoideum, glabrum, in styium elongatum angustatum, stigmate bilobo.
A dwarf shrub, glabrous in all parts. Branches 4-angled, 1-H lin. thick, with

internodes 1J-6 lin. long, leafy at the summit only, minutely tuberculate-rugulose.

MOUNT RORAIMA 1\ BRITISH GUIANA. 51

lieaves opposite, petiolate, coriaceous; petiole 1-2 J, lin. long; blade |-1| in. long,
.'t 1 in. broad, oblong, elliptic or obovate, subacute or obtuse and apiculate, more or less
acute at the base, slightly revolute along the margins, with the midrib impressed above,
prominent beneath, and the veins invisible. Flowers terminal, solitary or in a sessile
3- (or more?) flowered cyme. Pedicels 2-4 lin. long, rather stout, slightly rough from
minute tubercles. Bracts and bracteoles ^-1 lin. long, acuminate. Calyx 3^-4 lin.
long, eampanulate, deeply 5-lobed ; lobes 2|-3 lin. long, oblong, obtuse. Corolla 1-li
in. long, somewhat funnel-shaped, 5-lobed, curved or oblique; lobes 3i-t£ lin. long and
broad, suborbicular, contracted at the base. Stamens included; filaments filiform,
recurved near the apex and then shortly curved upwards at the very apex ; anthers erect,
2-2^ lin. long, oblong subobtuse, cordate at the base. Ovary ovoid, nan-owed into the
5 lin. long style, with a shortly 2-lobed stigma.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 106, GVJ.

A very distinct species, perhaps nearer to Lisianthus oralis, Ruiz A: Paw. than to any
(it her.

Lisianthus Elisabeth. k, Griseb. in Linnsea, xxii. (1849), p. to.

Lisianthus aff. L. macrantho, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 279.
Leiothamnus Elisabeths, It. H. Schomb. in Verh. des Ver. Beford. Gartenb. in Preuss. xviii.(1847),
p. 155, t. 1 ; R. Schomb. Bot. Rem. Brit. Guiana, p. 77.

Upper slopes and ledge of Mount Roraima, im Thum, 188 ; McConnell 8f Quelch,
25. — Endemic.

HYDROPHYLLAC1LF.

Hyduolea spinosa, Linu. Sp. PL ed. 1, p. 328.

ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 262. Kotinga Valley, McConnell fy Quelch, 180.
Savannahs generally, McConnell 8f Quelch, 313.

BOltAGINACEJE.

Heliotropium strictissimuji, Moric. ?, PL Xouv. Am. p. 146, t. 87.
Ireng Valley, McConnell A- Quelch, 220, 302.

CONVOLVULACE.E.

Ipomojia irengana, N. E. Brown, sp. ii. Caulis gracilis, volubilis, subpubescens,

internodiis ^-1 poll, longis. Folia parva, petiolata, late cordata, obtusa, minute

apiculata, supra velutina, subtus albo-tomentosa. Flores axillares, solitarii, pedi-

cellati. Calycis lobi oblon^i, obtusi, puberuli. Corolla lj-lj poll, longa. extra

pubescens, purpurea.

Stems very slender, twining, woody below, slightly pubescent, with iuternodes ^-1 in.

long. Leaves small ; petiole 2-5 lin. long, slender, terete, pubescent ; blade ^-1 in. long,

|-| in. broad, cordate or roundish-cordate, obtuse, minutely apiculate, velvety-tomentose

above, whitish-tomentose beneath. Flowers axillary, solitary. Pedicels 2-2 J lin. long,

very minutely bracteolate at the base, pubescent. Sepals subequal, 8|-4 lin. long,

If lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, thinly pubescent or puberulous. Corolla 1-j-H in. long,

B 2

52 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

funnel-shaped, pubescent outside, purple. Stamens included; filaments pubescent at
their base. Ovary and style glabrous ; stigma of 2 globose lobes.
Ireng Valley, on ant-hills, McConnell Sf Quelch, 251, 265.

Jacquemontia evolvuloides, Meissn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. vii. p. 307.
Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 233.

Evolvulus strictus, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. (1846), p. 35 1
Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 218, 219, 261.

Evolvulus sericeus, Sw. Prod. Veg. Ind. Occ. p. 55.
Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 215.

SOLANACEiE.

Solanum crinitum, Lam. lllust. ii. p. 20.

Ireng Valley, near Mataruka Mountain, McConnell Sf Quelch, 134.

SCROPHULARIACE^E.
Beyricuia scutellarioides, Benth. Scroph. Ind. p. 9, in nota.

B. ocymoides, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1889), p. 280, not of Cham.
Upper slopes of Mount Roraitna, McConnell Sf Quelch, 5. — Trinidad and Brazil.

Herpestis gratioloides, Benth. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. (1836), p. 57.
Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 266.

Gerardia hispidula, Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. iii. p. 13, t. 207.
Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 232.

Buchnera palustris, Spreng. Syst. ii. p. 805.
Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 234.

Buchnera, sp. Too imperfect for determination.
Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 236, 23S.

LENTIBULARIACEjE.

Utricularia Humboldtii, R. H. Schomb. in Verb, des Ver. Beford. Gartenb. in Preuss.

xv. (1841), p. 139, t. 3 ; R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, ii. p. 263, & iii. p. 1086 ;

im Thurn & Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1889), pp. 256, 262, 265,

267, 269, & 280.
Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 3. — Also on the Kaieteur
Savannab.

Utricularia alpina, Jacq. Enum. PI. Carib. p. 11.
U. montana, Jacq. Select. Stirp. Anier. p. 7, t. 6.
Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, growing on trees, McConnell Sf Quelch, 43. Roraima

MOUNT KORAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 53

Range, 3500 ft.. McConnell 8f Quelch, 718. — Also in the West Indies, Venezuela,
Colombia, Peru, and Ecuador.

Utricularia Campbellianum, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887),
p. 280, t. -14. f. B, & pp. 200, 207, & 270.
Upi)er slopes of Mount Roraima, on trees, McConnell ty Queloh, 35. — Endemic.

Utricularia Quelchii, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 10, tigs. 12-10.) Perennis. Eolia

spathulata, longe petiolata, coriacea, glabra. Caulis 2-5 poll, altus, ]-2-squamosus,

1-2-florus, glaber. Bractcae et bracteolae 2-3^ lin. longue, oblongaj vel elliptico-

oblongse, obtusse, glabrae. Sepala magna, elliptica, obtusa. Corolla magna, labio

superiore ovato et obtuso et apice recurvo, labio inferiore multo majore orbiculare

reflexo, calcare ad medium abrupte procurvo subobtuso. — Utricularia aff. TJ. montana;,

Jacq. ; Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 280.

Perennial. Roots fibrous and tuberous intermixed. Leaves all radical, erect, spathu-

late, coriaceous, glabrous; petiole f-2 in. long; blade ^-1 in. long, 3-5 lin. broad,

obovate or narrowly elliptic, obtuse, cuneately narrowed into the petiole. Stem 2-5 iu.

long, ^-f lin. thick, 1-2-flowered, glabrous, bearing 1-2 lanceolate, acute, glabrous

scales l-2i lin. long. Bracts and bracteoles subequal, basitixed, 2-3^ lin. long, 1-1^ lin.

broad, oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, not ciliate. Pedicels 4-0 lin. long,

glabrous. Sepals 4J-0 lin. long, 3|-4 lin. broad, elliptic, obtuse, concave, glabrous.

Corolla large, glabrous, purple or deep red; upper lip 3-4 lin. long, included in the

dorsal sepal, erect, recurved at the apex, ovate, obtuse, with the sides abruptly reflexed

around the mouth, then again curved forwards; lower lip 7-9 lin. long, 8-15 lin.

broad, abruptly retiexed from the mouth of the spur, suborbicular, very obtuse, entire;

spur f-1 in. long, gradually tapering from the L2h-'& lin. broad mouth to the obtuse apex,

with the basal half hanging straight down and partly embraced by the lower sepal, and

the apical half abruptly curved forwards or upwards. Stamens with thick clavate

curved filaments, glabrous. Ovary globose, narrowed into a stout style, glabrous ; upper

lip of the stigma narrow, lower lip very broad, very obtusely rounded or subtruncate.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 105, 083 ; im Thurn, 293.

Allied to TJ. montana, Jacq., but smaller, with larger petioles to the leaves, broader

bracts, and differently coloured flowers, which, to judge from the dried specimens, appear

to have been either purple or deep red. Probably it is the plant mentioned by

Mr. Quelch in ' Timehri,' vol. ix. p. 178, as "the beautiful crimson Utricularia montana,"

since the flowers of the true U. montana ( = U. aljjlna), Jacq. are white.

Utricularia Connellii, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 10, figs. 1-0.) Aphylla, H-4 poll,
alta. Caulis filiformis, 1-2-squamosus, glaber, 1-3-florus. Bractese et bracteolae
minutae, ovatae vel oblongae, ciliatae. Sepala elliptica, multi-nervosa, nervis pubes-
centibus ; sepalum inferius minutum, biiobum. Corolla ringens, glabra, labio
superiore erecto, anguste subspathulato-oblongo, labio inferiore suborbiculare obtuso
reflexo, calcare leviter curvato subacuto.

51 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

Leafless at the time of flowering. Stems 1^—4 iu. high, filiform, glabrous, 1-2-flowered
and bearing 1-2 minute, peltately attached, very minutely ciliate scales. Bracts \ lin.
long, ovate, acute, peltately attached, minutely ciliate. Bracteoles slightly shorter than
the bracts, basifixed, oblong, acute, minutely ciliate. Pedicels 1-2 lin. long, glabrous.
Sepals about 1^ lin. long, the upper nearly 1 lin. broad, ovate, subacute, the lower
rather broader, emarginate at the apex, both deeply concave, strongly nerved, with a few
short hairs scattered along the nerves. Corolla ringent ; upper lip erect, 3-3^ lin. long.
j-1 lin. broad, subspathulate-oblong, obtuse, with recurved margins, minutely puberulous
inside at the base ; lower lip 4-5 lin. long, about 4 lin. broad, suborbicular, obtuse,
abruptly deflexed from the mouth of the spur, where it is minutely puberulous. Spur
4-|-5^ lin. long, nearly in a line with the upper lip, slightly curved forwards, gradually
tapering from the \h lin. broad base to the subacute apex, compressed. Filaments of
the stamens incurved, clavate, glabrous. Ovary ovoid, narrowed into a short style,
glabrous; stigma with a narrow acute upper lip and a broadly ovate obtuse lower lip.

Arabapu River, McConnell §r Quelch, 127.

Allied to U. cornuta, Michx., but smaller, more slender, and with a more reflexed lower
lip to the corolla.

Utkicularia roraimensis, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 11, figs. 1-4.) Perennis. Poha

radicalia, orbiculato-spathulata, 3-7 lin. longa. Caulcs simplices vel divisi, 11-3

poll, longi, subfiliformi, 1-2-flori, 1-3-squamosi, glabri. Bracteae minutae, trifidse.

Plores parvi, pedicellati. Sepala insequalia, glabra; sepalum superius ellipticum,

obtusum, profunde concavum; inferius brevius, subquadratum, truncatum. Corollae

labium posticum ovatum, obtusum, intra minute glandulosum ; labium anticum

late subreniforme breviter 3-lobum, abrupte reflexum, minute glandulosum ; calcar

late conicum, obtusum, minute glandulosum.

Perennial. Leaves all radical, spathulate, glabrous; petiole 2-5 lin. long, slender;

blade 1-2 lin. long, |-lf lin. broad, obovate or orbicular, obtuse, cuneate at the base.

Stems 1-4 to a plant, simple or once branched, 1^-3 in. high, subfiliform, 1-2-flowered,

glabrous, bearing 1-3 minute, oblong, obtuse, glabrous scales. Bracts minute, trifid,

with the lateral teeth narrow and acute, and the middle tooth broadly rounded, glabrous,

not ciliate. Pedicels l-2i lin. long, filiform, erect. Sepals unequal, thin, glabrous;

the upper f-1 lin. long, elliptic or elliptic-ovate, obtuse, deeply concave, with about 4

rather obscure veins ; the lower -J lin. long, and about the same in breadth, subquadrate,

truncate or very slightly emarginate, 1-veined. Corolla small ; upper lip 1-1^ lin. long,

|-f lin. broad, ovate, obtuse, concave, erect or ascending, minutely glandular within ;

lower lip 1^-li lin. long, 2 lin. broad, subreniform, shortly 3-lobed, and more or less

undulated, abruptly reflexed from the mouth of the spur on which it rests, minutely

glandular on the lower part; spur H lin. long, 1} lin. broad at the mouth, broadly

conical, obtuse, compressed, minutely glandular, directed at a right angle to the pedicel.

Stamens with curved clavate filaments, glabrous. Ovary globose, abruptly contracted

into a stout style, glabrous; stigma with a minute tooth-like upper lip and a large

truncate lower lip.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft,, McConnell fy Quelch, 685.

MOUNT l«)i;\IM\ IN BRITISH GUIANA. 55

Utricular! a concinna, N. E. Brown, sp. q. (Plate 10, dgs. 7-11.) Pasilla, glabra.
Pedunculus uniflorus, f-1 poll, longus. Bracteae ft bracteolse lanceolata-, obtusse.
Sepala magna, cordato-ovata. Corolla erecta, labiis calyce paulo longioribus,
glabris, labio superiore elliptico vel subrectangulare el apice obscure 3-crenato,

lal)io infcriore elliptico vel subrectangulare andulato-crenato ; calcar labiis multo
longius, erectum, acutum, prope apicem parcissime pilosulum.

Leaves 2-4, all radical, :> 5 lin. long, lanceolate, elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse
or subacute, tapering into a short petiole at the base, glabrous, erect. Peduncle £-3 in.
high, 1-flowered, slender, with two distant minute bracts, one near the middle, the
other near the base, glabrous. Flowering-bract §— 1^ lin. Long, lanceolate, subobtuse,
glabrous, not ciliate. Bracteoles resembling the flowering-bract, but shorter and
narrower. Pedicel 2-3 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals 2, erect, large in proportion to the
corolla, 2h-Xl lin. long, 2-2^ lin. broad, cordate-ovate, obtuse, glabrous, not ciliate.
Corolla erect, with the lips only slightly exceeding the sepals, and the spur about twice as
long; upper lip 1^-2 lin. long, and about the same in breadth, elliptic or subrectangular,
obscurely 3-crenate at the apex, with recurved margins, glabrous ; lower lip about 2 ' -2 v
lin. long, elliptic or subrectangular, crenate and wavy at the apex, with the margins
recurved, glabrous ; spur about 3J-3| lin. long, erect, acute, with a few scattered hairs
on the terminal half. Stamens glabrous. Ovary globose-ovoid, narrowed into a short
stout style, glabrous; stigma with a narrow acute upper lip and a broad emarginate
lower lip. Capsule about half as long as the sepals, ellipsoidal, obtuse, crowned with the
short style and stigma.

Kaieteur Savannah, Jenman, 1 272 ; Mazaruni River, 300 ft.. McConnell fy Quelch, 710 ;
and without precise locality, Schomburgk, 131.

The flowers of this diminutive species are stated by Messrs. McConnell and Quelch to
be "white with purple points." 1 have only seen one corolla, and am uncertain if my
description of it is quite correct in all details, as it was very much flattened; but my
drawings of it (tigs. S & 0) represent its general appearance as nearly as the material
would allow, although they may not be accurate. The affinity of 77. concinna is with
77. Campbelliana, Oliver, and 77. montana, Jacq., although it is very much smaller than
either of those species.

Utricularia nervosa, Weber ?, ex Benj. in Mart. PI. Bras. x. p. 217.

Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell A' Quelch, 3«.

Possibly a distinct species, but the material consists of one flowering stem only, which
scarcely admits of proper dissection ; externally, however, it much resembles 77. nervosa}
which is a Brazilian species.

Utricularia sp.

Arabapu River, McConnell 8f (Quelch, 150^.

The specimen consists of leafy rhizomes without flowers, which were found entangled
amongst the pitchers and false roots of Genlisea guicmensis, X. E. Brown.

56 REPOET ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS EEOM

Genlisea guianensis, N. E. Brown, in Hooker, Icones Plant, t. 2629.

Arabapu River, McConnell Sf Quelch, 150.

This is the largest species of this genus at present discovered, and more nearly
resembles O. africana, Oliver, (a native of Angola), than any other with which I am
acquainted. The members of the genus Genlisea appear to be quite destitute of true
roots, their place being supplied by modified leaves, which descend into the soil or water.
Some of these modified leaves terminate in the curious tubular two-lobed utricles
characteristic of the genus, others being quite simple and root-like; probably all fulfil
the functions of roots, and the utricles supply an additional amouut of nitrogen to the
plants by the absorption of the decomposed remains of the minute animaleula? they
capture. The utricles have a very remarkable structure, which will be found well
described and illustrated in Darwin's ' Insectivorous Plants,' p. 146, and Goebel's
' Pflanzenbiologische Schilderungen,' ii. p. 121, t. 15-16.

Genlisea roraimensis, N. E. Brown, sp. n. (Plate 11, figs. 5-12.) Eolia obovato"
vel rotundato-spathulata, crassiuscula vel subcoriacea, glabra. Utriculi hi formes,
alter apice bilobus, alter apice acutus, minute 1-porosi. Caulis 1^-3 poll, longus,
3-6-squamosus, minute glanduloso-hirtellus, 1-4-florus. Bracteae et bracteola;
minutae, lanceolatae, acuta?. Pedicelli minute gland uloso-hirtelli. Calyx 5-lobus,
minute pubescens. Corolla parva, lutea, labio superiore late ovato vel clliptico-
ovato obtuso concavo glabro, labio inferiore reflexo obtuse trilobo glabro, calcari
late conico obtusissimo minute glanduloso-birtello.
A perennial with a very short branching rhizome densely covered with leaves. Leaves
rosulate, 3-5 lift, long, J-f lin. broad, obovate- or orbicular-spathulate, rather thick or
subcoriaceous, glabrous. Utricles 2^-5 lin. long, of two forms, both tubular and ovoid-
inflated at the base and descending into the soil among the roots, one (the perfect form)
dividing at the mouth into two long twisted lobes, the other (a transition form) acute,
with a very minute orifice at the apex and entirely without lobes; a third and imperfect
form is sometimes present standing erect among the leaves in which the terminal lobes
are very short and scarcely or not at all twisted. Stem simple, 1^-3 in. high, J— J lin.
thick, 1-4-flowered, minutely and rather sparsely glandular-hairy, bearing 3-6 lanceolate,
acute, basifixed, glabrous scales about f lin. long. Bracts and bracteoles subequal,
basifixed, about f lin. long, lanceolate, acute, sparsely pubescent and ciliate. Pedicels
1-2 lin. long, glandular-pubescent. Calyx 5-lobed almost to the base ; lobes f-1
lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, thinly pubescent and slightly ciliate. Corolla
small, yellow; upper lip \h lin. long, 1 lin. broad, broadly ovate or elliptic-ovate, obtuse,
concave, glabrous ; lower lip 2 lin. long and as much in breadth, reflexed, obtusely
3dobed, glabrous ; spur \\ lin. long, 1\ lin. broad at the mouth, stout, conical, very
obtuse, compressed, slightly and minutely glandular-hairy, and darker in colour than the
rest of the flower. Stamens glabrous; filaments curved, clavate; anthers deep blue.
Ovary globose, thinly covered with very minute hairs; style short; stigma oblique.
Capsule globose, about 1 lin. diara., minutely and sparsely haiiy.

Summit of Mount Borainia, 8600 feet, growing in a somewhat sandy boggy soil,
McConnell 8f Quelch, 684.

MOUNT RORAIMA l.\ BRITISH GUIANA. 57

BIGNONIACE^l.

Tabebuia Roraim-K, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 280, t. 15.
Upper slopes of Mount Knraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, '.VS. — Endemic.

ACANTHACEiE.

Ruellia Vinbex, Mart, ex Nees in Mart. El. Bras. ix. p. 12.
Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 253.

Thyrsacanthus Scuo.miu kgkianus, Nees, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. iv. (1845), p. 636.
Upper Essequelio River, Mr Cot/net I Sf Quelrh, 277.

Dianthera guianensis, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Caulis bifariam pubescens. Eolia

subsessilia, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuta, basi angustata rotundata,

utrinque glabra vel sparsim pubescentia. Tbyrsus terminalis, subspiciformis.

pedunculatus. Bractese et bracteote lineari-lanceolatas, acutissirnse, subglabrae,

ciliatae. Sepala 5, libera, lineari-lanceolata, acutissima, pnbescentia, eiliata. Corolla

superne pubescens, labio superiore oblongo marginibus reflexo apice minute bilobo,

labio inferiore 3-lobo disco plicato-elevato. — Justicia sp., Oliver, in Trans. Linn.

Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 280.

Shrubby, with terete, bii'ariously pubescent brandies. Leaves spreading, subsessile,

2-1 in. long, 7-18 lin. broad, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, narrowed below the

middle to a rounded base, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on both sides. Peduncles

terminal, f-3| in. long, naked or bibracteate. Thyrsus spike-like, moderately dense.

1-2^ in. long, 1-1A in. diam. Bracts and bracteoles 'l\-2>\ lin. long, linear-lanceolate,

very acute, glabrous or slightly pubescent and slightly eiliate. Sepals 5, free, 3-3^

lin. long. | lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, very acuminate, pubescent, eiliate. Corolla

two-lipped, pubescent in the upper part outside, apparently purple or red, spotted with

darker; tube \ in. long; upper lip 4| in. long, oblong, with reflexed margins and

minutely 2-lobed at the apex; lower lip oh lin. long, 3-lobed, with an elevated plicate

disk. Stamens 2, inserted at the middle of the tube ; anthers 2-celled, with unequal

cells, obtuse at each end, separated by a broad connective.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell fy Quelch, 188 ; Kukenaam Valley, vm Thurn, 81 ; Mount
Roraima, Appun, 1387.

VERBENACEvE.
Lippia SciioMBURGKiAXA, Schauer, in DC. Prod. xi. p. 577 ; Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 2S0.
Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell Sf Qnelrh, 2; Roraima Range, 3500 it.,
McConnell 8f Quelch, 720; Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 235.

I doubt if this Guiana plant is really distinct from the Brazilian L. glandulosa,
Schauer, described at the same place.

SECOND SERTES. — BOTANY, VOL. VI. I

58 EEPOUT OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FKO.M

Stachytarpheta mutabieis, Vahl, Eiium. i. p. 208.
Ireng Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 245.

LABIATE.

Hyptis arborea, Bentli. in DC. Prod. xii. p. 132.
Kotinga Valley, McCoanell 8f quelch, 142, 184.

AMARANTACEiE.

Gomphrena globosa, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 1, p. 224.
At Pelepowta Village in the Ireng Valley, McConnell 8r Quelch, 210.

PHYTOLACCACEjE.
Phytolacca thyrsiflora, Fenzl, ex J. A. Schmidt in Mart. PI. Bras. ii. p. 343.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 152.

PROTEACEyE.
Boupala Montana, Aubl. PL Guian. i. p. 83.
Savannahs generally, McConnell Sf Quelch, 310.

LORANTHACE^.

Phoradendron RORAiMyE, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 281,
and pp. 267, 269.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 82, 6S0. — Endemic.

BURMANNIACE.E.

Burmannia bicolor, Mart. Nov. Gen. & Sp. i. p. 10, t. 5 ; R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-
Guiana, iii. p. 1066.
Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 14. — Widely dispersed in
Tropical America from Cuba to Brazil, westward to Peru.

OBCHLDACEiE. By B. A. Rolfe, A.L.S.

Pleurotkallis roraimensis, Rolfe, sp. n. Lepanthiformis, caulibus gracilibus, vaginis

apice ciliatis. Folia elliptica vel obovato-elliptica, minute apiculata, parva. Scapi

subelongati, gracillimi, pauciflori. Bractese spathacese. Sepalum posticum basi

ovatum, apice caudato-acuminatum ; sepala lateralia subsimilia, basi angustiora.

Petala oblonga, obtusa. Labellum trilobum, lobis lateralibus rotundatis, intermedio

oblongo obtuso.

Stems slender, ^ in. long, clothed with three or four angular or striate sheaths,

broader and ciliate at the apex. Leaves elliptical or obovate-clliptical, minutely

apiculate, 2^-4 lin. long, l|-2 lin. broad. Scapes very slender, f-1 in. long, about 2- or

s

MOUNT ROEAIMA J.N BBITISH GUIANA. 59

3-flowered. Bracts spathaceous, minute. Pedicels 1/, lin. long. Dorsal sepal ovate at
the base, caudate-acuminate above, 2 lin. long; lateral similar, but narrower at the base.
Petals oblong, obtuse, 1 lin. long, thinly membranaceous. Lip trilobed, 1 lin. long;
side lobes spreading, broadly rounded; front lobe oblong, obtuse; disc bearing a pair of
thickened nerves. Column clavate, f lin. long.

Roraima, summit, 8(500 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 087. — Endemic.

Allied to the Colombian Pleurothallis intricata, Lindl., but smaller in all its parts,
besides being different in structure. The species of the natural group Lepanthiformes,
to which it belongs, were distributed by Lindley into three sections, owing to the
exigencies of an admittedly artificial arrangement, which would place the present one
in the section Acwndnatce.

Stems gtjianensis, RollV. sp. n. Csespitosa. Caules brevissimi. Folia oblanceolato-
oblonga, subobtusa, basi subattenuata. Scapi graciles, multiflori. Bracteaj
triangulari-ovata-, acutse. Pedicelli breves. Sepala orbieulari-ovata, obtusa, basi
connata. Petala suborbieularia, concava. Labellum integrum, suborbiculure,
petalis paullo angustius.
A dwarf, densely-tufted plant, with very short stems. Leaves oblanceolate-oblong,
subobtuse, somewhat attenuate at the base, 4-9 lin. long, li-2 lin. broad. Scapes
slender, 2^ in. long, many-flowered. Bracts triangular-ovate, acute, \ lin. long. Pediceb
f lin. long. Sepals orbicular-ovate, obtuse, f lin. long, slightly pubescent, the basal
fourth connate. Petals broadlv orbicular, somewhat concave, not half as long as the
sepals. Lip entire, rather narrower than the petals, but otherwise very similar.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell ty Quelch, 703. — Endemic.

A species belonging to Lindley's small group MonastachycB apodce, and allied to the
Peruvian S. ptmlla, H. B. & K. A specimen collected at the Kaieteur Savannah,
Potaro River, British Guiana, by Jenman (1055), is either a form of the same or a
closely allied species.

Brachionidium brevicatjdatum, Rolfe, sp. n. Caulis primarius repens, brevis;

secundarius brevissimus. Polia breviter petiolata, elliptico-lanceolata, tridenticu-

lata. Pedunculi lili formes, uniflori. Bractese apice acuminata?. Sepalum posticum

ovatum, apice abrupte acuminatum vel brevissime caudatum; sepala lateralia

omnino connata et postico subsimilia. Petala ovata. acuminata vel brevissime

caudata, margine plus minusve ciliata. Labellum sessile, trilobum, lobis lateralibus

falcato-oblongis subobtusis, intermedio reflexo late ovato-rotundato. Columna lata.

Primary stem creeping, with short internodes, clothed with membranaceous sheaths ;

secondary very short, clothed with about two tubular membranaceous sheaths having a

short acuminate apex. Leaves shortly petioled, elliptical-lanceolate, shortly tricuspidate,

8-10 lin. long. 2^-3| lin. broad ; petioles 1^-2 lin. long. Peduncles slender, f-lj in.

long, bearing a short tubular acuminate sheath above the middle. Bract similar to the

sheath but rather larger. Dorsal sepal ovate, abruptly acuminate or shortly caudate,

4 lin. long by nearly 3 lin. broad, trincrved ; lateral pair united into a body closely

resembling the dorsal sepal, but rather broader and 1-nerved. Petals ovate, shortly

12

60 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROjVI

acuminate, 3 lin. long, more or less ciliate, trinerved. Lip sessile, lh liu- long, trilobed ;
side lobes falcate-oblong, subobtuse, suberect ; front lol)e reflexed, broadly rounded-
oblong; disc with a slightly elevated crest between the side lobes. Column broad,
h lin. long.

Rorai ma range, 3500 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 705. — Endemic.

An interesting addition to this small genus, readily distinguished from its allies by
the short secondary stem, and short tails to the sepals and petals.

Masbevallia picturata, Reichb. f. Otia Bot. Hamb. 16 ; Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 281 ; Woolw. Masd. p. 87, t. 31,

Roraima, at 3500 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 704; Upper slope, im Tlmm, 279.

In the mountains of Colombia, between 2500 and 6500 ft. elevation ; extending along
the Coast Andes of Venezuela to Caracas, at 6000 to 6500 ft, ; also in Costa Rica.
Roraima seems to be an outlying station for the species.

Octomeria Connellii, Rolfe, sp. n. Caules secuudarii elongati. Folia subsessilia,
oblongo-lanceolata, subobtusa, crasso-coriacea. Flores subfasciculati, mediocres.
Sepala et petala ovato-lanceolata, subobtusa. Labellum oblongum, subconcavum,
obtusum vel obscure tridentatum, margine minutissime crenulatum.
Secondary stems stout, elongate, 4-12 in. long, clothed with four or five tubular
sheaths 1-1 h in- long. Leaf subsessile, thickly coriaceous or somewhat fleshy, oblong-
lanceolate, subobtuse, 2-4 in. long, 4-10 lin. broad. Flowers few, or produced mostly
in succession, medium-sized, shortly pedicelled. Sepals and petals ovate-lanceolate,
subobtuse, 4-6 lin. long. Lip oblong, somewhat concave, obtuse or obscurely tridentate,
margin minutely crenulate, 3-4 lin. long. Column clavate, 1± lin. long.
Roraima, summit at 8600 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 700.— Endemic.
A very distinct species, having stems much longer than the leaves, and flowers
comparatively large for the genus. It is comparable with 0. grandiflora, Lindl., but has
longer stems, much shorter leaves, and the lip very different in struct nre.

Octomeria parvifolia, Rolfe, sp. n. Caespitosa. Caules secuudarii graciles, vaginis
tubulosis striatis obtecti. Folia lineari-oblonga, subacuta, parva. Flores fasciculati.
Sepala ovato-oblonga, subobtusa. Petala lineari-oblonga, subobtusa. Labellum
late deltoideo-trilobum, lobis lateralibus divergentibus anguste triangularibus,
intermedio breviter et late triangulari obtuso.
Secondary stems densely tufted, slender, 2^-3 in. long, clothed with about five or six
tubular striate sheaths. Leaves linear-oblong, subacute, f-lj in. long, 1-1| lin. broad,
base somewhat attenuate. Flowers fasciculate. Pedicels very short. Sepals ovate-
oblong, subobtuse, 1 lin. long. Petals linear-oblong, subobtuse, 1 lin. long. Lip broadly
deltoid-triangular, over h lin. broad; side lobes narrowly triangular, subobtuse ; front
lobe broadly triangular, obtuse ; disc with a pair of thickened slightly arcuate keels in
the centre, and a shorter one in front. Column short.

Roraima, summit, 8600 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 69(5.— Endemic.

In the relatively small proportion which the leaf bears to the rest of the plant, this

MOUNT KOR.WMA IN BRITISH GUr\NTA. 61

species approaches the Brazilian Octomeria breviflora, Cogn., but the structure of the lip
is very different.

Bulbopiiyllum RoiiAi.M ense, Rolfe, sp. ii. Racemus multillorus. Bracteae oblongse
vel ovato-oblongse, acutse. Sepala ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, lateralia carinata.
Petala ovato-oblonga, subaeuta. Labellum velulinuni, pandurato-oblongum,
obtusum, medio ad basin lateraliter compressum, basi utrinque aurieulatum, disco
elevato bicarinato. Columna brcvis, utrinque bidentata.
Scape moderately slender ; raceme 3 in. long, many-flowered. Bracts oblong or ovate-
oblong, acute, 2^—3 lin. long. Pedicels 1 lin. long. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,
4-5i lin. long, lateral carinate. Petals ovate-oblong, subacute, 1^ lin. long. Lip 2| lin.
long, velvety, pandurate-oblong, obtuse ; front lobe expanded into an ovate-oblong' blade,
middle and base laterally compressed, with a rounded erect basal auricle on either side ;
disc much elevated and channelled between the pair of obtuse keels. Column stout,
1 lin. long, with two pairs of teeth ; upper pair subulate-filiform, incurved, with a broad
base, as long as the column, lower pair subulate-oblong, a third as long as the upper.
Boraima, summit, 8600 ft., McConuell ty Quelch, 103. — Endemic.
Allied to B. geraense, Reichb. f., but the scape and raceme more slender, the sepals
proportionately broader, and the lip and teeth of the column different in detail. It is
described from a single scape.

Elleanthus linifolius, Presl, Rel. Haenk. p. 97.

Ireng Valley, McCormell 8f Quelch, 301. Roraima, Schomburgk. — Also found in
Cuba, Porto Rico, Nicaragua, Panama, Guiana, Brazil, and Bolivia.

Diacrium bicornutum, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xviii. (1881), p. 312.

Kwaimatta Savannah, McConuell ty Quelch, 280. — Also found in Guiana, Trinidad,
and Tobago.

"O

Epidexdrum graniticum, Lindl. in Hook. Journ. Bot. iii. (1841), p. 83.

Kwaimatta Savannah, Rupununi River, McConuell 8f Quelch, 279. Ireng River,
im Thuru, 13. — Pound in British and Dutch Guiana, and Trinidad.

Nearly allied to E. oncidioides, Lindl., with which it is made synonymous by Lindl ey.

Epidexdrum Schombi r<;kii, Lindl. Bot. Reg. (1838), Misc. p. 15; Ridl. in Trans. Linn.
Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 281.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 135. " Elowers red, of all shades." — Pound in
Trinidad, Guiana, Brazil, and Bolivia.

Epidexdrum eulgkxs, Brongn. in Duperry, Voy. Coquille, Pban. p. 196, t. 43 ; Rolfe, in
Orch. Rev. v. (1897), p. 264.
E. Schomburgkii, var. conjiuens, Lindl. Fol. Orch., Epideiulr. p. 70.
E. Schomburgkii, Appun, Unter den Tropcn, ii. p. 199 (non Lindl.).

62 EEPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

Roraima. upper slopes, McCownell Sf Quelch, 1. North of Eoraima, Appun, 1202.

" Abundant." Found in British Guiana, and the Brazilian provinces of Rio de Janeiro

and Santa Catherina.

Epidendrtjm elongattjm, Jacq. Coll. iii. p. 260 ; and Ic. PL liar. iii. p. 17, t, 601 ; Bidl.
in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 281.
Eoraima, summit, at 8600 ft., McCormell S/ Quelch, 686. South side, at 5500 ft.,

im Thurn, 42. Found in the Windward Islands, W. Indies, from Antigua to Trinidad,

also in Guiana, Brazil, and Bolivia.

Epidendrtjm alsum, Bidl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 281.

Eoraima, summit, 8600 ft., McConnell Sr Quelch, 90, 699; im Thuru, 296.— Endemic.

Epidendrtjm Imthurnii, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 282,

t. 46. fig. A.
Eoraima, summit, 8600 ft,, McConnell S; Quelch, 097 ; im 'Limn,, 299.— Endemic.

Epidendrtjm montigenum, Eidl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 282.

Eoraima, ripper slopes and summit. McConnell Sf Quelch, 37, 694 ; ledge and top,
im Thuru, 322.— Endemic.

Epidendrtjm violascens, Eidl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 282,

t. 46. fig. B.
Eoraima, summit, 8600 ft., McConnell Sr Quelch, 81, 695 ; im Thuru, 300.— Endemic.

Galeandra juncea, Lindl. Sert. Orch. sub t. 37.

Ireng Valley, McConnell Sr Quelch. 243.— Also found in Guiana and Brazil.

Cyrtopodium Andersonii, E. Br. in Ait Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. p. 216.

Kanuku Mts., McCouucll Sf Quelch, 276.— Also found in Guiana, Brazil, and
Paraguay.

Cyrtopodium cristatum, Lindl. Bot. Eeg. (1841), sub t. 8.

Kotino-a Vallev, amid stones on hill, McConnell Sf Quelch, 136. " Flowers yellow and
brown." — Also found in Trinidad, Guiana, and Brazil.

Zygopetalum Burkei, Eeichb. f. in Gard. Chron. xx. (1883), p. 684 ; Eidl. in Trans.
Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 282.
Z. Machaii, R. Scliomb. Reisen in Bnt.-Guiana, ii. p. 266, iii. p. 1068; Appun, Unter den Tropen, ii.

pp. 246, 292 (non Hook.).
Eoraima, upper slopes, McCouuell Sp Quelch, 26. "Flowers coffee-coloured." Soutb
side, at 5500 ft., im Thurn, 50. South and east sides, Appun, 1390.— Endemic.

MOUNT EORAIMA l\ BRITISH GUIANA. 63

Eriopsis Scuomburgkii, Reiehb. I'. in Bonplandia, iii. (1855), p. 07.

Pseudoeriopsis Schomburgkii, Reichb. f. in Linnsca, xxii. (1819), p. 85:$; R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-

Guiuiia, iii. p. 1123.

Roraitna, upper slopes, McCotmell §f Qnelch, Di. " Mowers brown." Schomburgk,
1679 a. — Also in the savannah of South Guiana.

Houlletia roraimensis, Rolfe, sp. n. Polia elliptico-lanceolata, magna. Scapus

arcuatus, 7-9-florus. Bracteoe oblongse, subobtusse, concuvse. Sepala orbiculari-

elliptica, concava. Petala orbiculari-clliptica, plana. Labellum prof unde trilobum ;

lobi laterales late oblongi, truncati, oblique apieulatis ; intermedins breviter

unguiculatus, late trulliformis, apiculatus, callo transverso submembranaceo ad basin

unguem sito. Columna clavata.

Leaf petiolate. elliptico-lanceolate, acute, 1| ft. long, li in. broad. Scape arching

(base not seen) ; raceme 7-9-flowered. Bracts oblong, subobtuse, concave, 6-7 lin. long.

Pedicels 1-1J in. long. Sepals orbicular-elliptical, concave, 9-11 lin. long, 7-9 lin.

broad. Petals orbicular-elliptical, nearly flat, 9-10 lin. long, 7-8 lin. broad. Lip deeply

3-lobed ; side lobes broadly oblong, nearly truncate and obliquely apiculate, 6 lin. long,

3^ lin. broad, connected at the base by a suberect, transverse, stout, undulate membrane,

and with a somewhat similar connecting callus at the junction of the front lobe, but

more distinctly toothed ; front lobe shortly and broadly unguiculate, broadly trulliform,

abruptly apiculate, and with subacute lateral angles, 5 lin. long by nearly as broad.

Column clavate, curved, 5 lin. long.

Roraima, upper slopes, Ma Council Sf Quelch, 29. — Endemic.

A very distinct species, nearest H. Lowiana, Reichb. f., in structure, but very different
in the. broad nearly truncate side lobes of the lip, and more like H. Brochlehurstiana,
Lindl., in habit.

Catasetum discolor, Lindl. Bot. Reg. (1844), Misc. p. 31.

Roraima, upper slopes, McCormell 8f Quelch, 6. — Also found in Guiana, Brazil, and
Paraguay.

"•e*

Maxillaria Coxxellii, Rolfe, sp. n. Eolia oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, basi in petiolum

attenuata. Scapus foliis brevior, vaginis ovato-lanceolatis acutis subimbricatis

obtectus. Bractea oblongo-lanceolata, acuta. Sepala subobtusa et minute apiculata ;

sepalum lateralia triangulari-oblonga ; posticum oblongo-lanceolatum. Petala

oblongo-lanceolata, subacuta. Labellum elliptico-oblongum, obtusum, subundu-

latum, apice recurvum, callo oblongo apice dilatato truncato. Columna brevis

Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, attenuate at the base, 6-8 in. long, 9-12 lin. broad.

Scape 3g-4 in. long, covered with ovate-lanceolate acute sheaths, 6-9 lin. long and

someAvhat imbricate at the base. Bract oblong-lanceolate, acute, 9-12 lin. long.

Sepals subobtuse and minutely apiculate, dorsal oblong-lanceolate, 7-8 lin. long ; lateral

triangular-oblong, 8-9 lin. long. Petals oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 7-8 lin. Ion?.

Lip elliptical-oblong, obtuse, somewhat undulate, recurved at the apex, rather fleshy,

64 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

5-6 lin. long ; callus oblong, dilated and truncate at the apex. Column stout, free part
scarcely 2 lin. long, with a much longer foot. Mentum rounded, obtuse, 3 lin. long.

Roraima : Kotinga Valley, 3IcC'omiell 8f Quelch, 137. — Endemic.

Allied to the Colombian Maxillaria melina, Lindl., but the leaves smaller, sheaths
of the scape shorter, and with various differences in the structure of the flower.

Maxillaria Qtjelchii, Rolfe, sp. n. Subcaulescens, vaginis imbricatis multistriatis.
Pseudobulbi compressi, apice monophylli. Folia oblonga, subobtusa, conduplicata.
Scapi foliis subtcquales, vaginis lanceolatis sul)iml)ricatis obtecti. Bractea lanceolata,
acuminata. Sepala oblongo-lanceolata, acuta. Petala lineari-lanceolata, acuta,
sepalis breviora. Labellum trilobum, lobis lateralibus erectis rotundato-oblongis
membranaceis, intermedio recurvo obovato-orbiculari obscure tricuspidato medio
carnoso lateribus incur vo, callo oblongo obtuso concavo.
Subcaulescent, with the stems clothed with conduplicate, triangular-lanceolate, acute,
closely striate, imbricating sheaths, 1-2 in. long, and partly enveloping the pseudobulbs.
Pseudobulbs compressed, broadly oblong, shining and puncticulate, wrinkled when old,
1 in. long, | in. broad, monophyllous at the apex. Leaves conduplicate, lanceolate-
oblong, subobtuse, 3-4 in. long, f-1 in. broad. Scapes 3-4 in. long, bearing 5-7
lanceolate, acute, striate, somewhat imbricating sheaths, 0-12 lin. long. Bract resembling
the sheaths, 10-12 lin. long. Sepals oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, lh in. long. Petals
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 1| in. long. Lip h in. long, 3-lobed ; side lobes erect,
rounded-oblong, membranaceous, 1 lin. long, 1^ lin. broad; middle lobe recurved,
obovate-orbicular, obscurely tricuspidate at the apex, 2 lin. broad by nearly as long,
thickened along the centre and incurved at the sides ; crest oblong, obtuse, concave.
Column clavate, incurved, 3 lin. long.

Roraima, summit, at 8600 ft, alt., Mc Council fy Quelch, 690.— Endemic.
Allied to the Peruvian M. floribunda, Lindl., but much less scandent, and smaller in
all its parts.

Oncidium orthostates, Ridl in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1S87), p. 283.

Kwaimatta Savannah, McConnell §• Quelch, 281. Ireng River, im Thurn, 12.— Also
found at Mimatta, on the Rupununi River.

Sobralia stenophylla. Lindl. Eol. Orch., Sobral. p. 2; Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II.
ii. (1887), p. 283.
Kotinga River, McConnell $~ Quelch, 117. Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 329.
Ipelemouta, Arapu River, im Thurn, 19. Roraima, Appnn, 1076. — Endemic.

Epistephium lucidum, Cogn. in Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. pt. iv. p. 141, t, 30.
Roraima, upper slopes, McConnell 8f Quelch, 32.— Also found in Brazil.

Epistephium parviflorim, Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. p. 433.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 160. — Also found in Trinidad and elsewhere in
British Guiana.

MOUNT RORAIMA IN BRITISH (JUIANA. 65

Simrantuks bifida, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 283.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 200. Roraima, summit, 8600 it. alt,, McConnell
8r Quelch, 692. South side at 5500 ft., im Thurn, 342.— Endemic.

POGONIA parviflora, Iteiehl). f. Xen. Orch. ii. p. 90 ; Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. 11.
Bot. ii. (1887), p. 283.
Iloraima, upper slopes, McConnell Sf Quelch, 30. "Flowers pink and waxy." South
side at 5500 ft., im Thurn, 115. — Endemic.

Pogonia tenuis, Reichb. f. in Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. p. 637.

Roraima, summit, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 691. — Also found in Trinidad,
Venezuela, and on the Upper Amazon.

Habenaria Moritzii, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 28 t.

Roraima, upper slopes, McConnell Sf Quelch, 4; at 4000 ft., im Thurn, 367. — Also
found in Venezuela.

Habenaria roraimensis, Rolfe, sp. n. Planta erecta, foliosa. Folia caulina, basi

lanceolata, acuta, superiora gradatim in vaginas bracteiformes decrescentia. Bracteae

lanceolatae, acuminata?. Sepalum posticum erectum, ovatum, apiculatum ; sepala

lateralia patentia, oblique ovato-oblonga, apiculata. Petala tripartita, lobo postico

falcato-oblongo apiculato, antico filiformi-lineari arcuato. Labellum tripartitum ;

lobi laterales filiformi-lineares divergentes ; lobus intermedins linearis obtusus ;

calcar clavatum.

Plant A-lj- ft. high, somewhat leafy. Leaves cauline, the lower lanceolate, acute,

2-2g lin. long, 4-5 bin. broad ; upper smaller, decreasing upwards into bract-like sheaths.

Bracts lanceolate, acuminate, 6-9 lin. long. Dorsal sepal erect, ovate, apiculate, 2-2|

lin. long, lateral spreading obliquely, ovate-oblong, apiculate, 2-2^ lin. long. Petals

bipartite; upper lobe falcate-oblong, apiculate, 1J-2 lin. long; lower lobe filiform-linear,

curved, shorter than the upper. Lip tripartite ; side-lobes filiform-linear, diverging, 1^-2

lin. long; front lobe linear, obtuse, 2-2| lin. long; spur linear-clavate, 4-5 lin. long.

Anther-channels and stigmatic processes short.

Roraima, summit, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 698. — Endemic.

Allied to H. prcdensis, Reichb. f., but readily distinguished by its much smaller
flowers.

Phragmipedium Klotzschianum, Rolfe, in Orch. R-ev. iv. (1896), p. 332.

Cypripedium Klotzschianum, Reichb. f. in Linnaea, xxii. (1849), p. 811 ; Appun, Unter den Tropen, ii.

p. 196.
Selenipedium Klotzschianum, Reiclib. 1. in Bonplandia, ii. (1854), p. 110; Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc.

Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 284.
Cypripedium Schomburgkianum, Klotzsch, in R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, ii. p. 229 ; R. Scliomb.

Bot. Rem. Brit. Guiana, p. 59.

Arabapu River, McConnell &f Quelch, 144. Aroie Creek, Kotinga River, im Thurn, 5.
Ipelemouta, Arapu River, im Thurn, 31. Kako River, Jpptm. 1212. — Endemic.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOE. VI. K

06 KEPOKT ON TAVO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FEOM

BROMELIACBiE.

Bkocchinia redtjcta, Baker, in Journ. of Bot. xx. (1882), p. 331 ; Baker, Handh.
Brom. p. 88 ; Mez, in DC. Monog. Phan. ix. p. 341. (Plate 12.)
Boraima Range, 3500 ft., McConnell §• Quelch, 702. — -Also found ou the Kaieteur
Savannah, Jenman, 873.

Puya floccosa, E. Morren, in Belg. Hort, xxxv. (1878), p. 81 ; Mez, in DC. Monog.
Phan. ix. p. 478.

P. guianensis, Klotzscb, in R. Schorab. Reisen in Brit. -Guiana, iii. p. 1067.

P. sp., Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 285.

Boraima Bange, 3500 ft., McConnell §f Quelch, 701. — h\%o in Venezuela, Colombia,
and Bolivia.

Connellia, N. E. Brown, gen. nov.

Plores hermaphroditi, regulares. Sepala libera, oblonga. Petala libera, lata, basi
angustata, nuda, sepalis multo longiora. Stamina petalis breviora et iis basi breviter
adnata, filamentis filiformibus, autheris oblongis basifixis. Ovarium superum, trigo-
num, loculis multiovulatis ; stylus elongatus ; stigmata linearia. Capsula in carpellis
3 septicide separata, carpellis introrsum dehiscentibus. Semina numerosa, parva,
linearia, utrinque appendiculata. — Herboe habitu Tillandsiee. Eolia rosulata, integra
vel basi denticulata. Inflorescentia terminalis, spiciformis, simplex vel composita.
Elores sub quaque bractea solitarii vel plures, pedicellati.

Connellia Augusts, N. E. Brown. (Plate 13.) Capsula 6-7 lin. longa, 3 lin. diam.,

trigona, oblonga, coriacea, glabra, in carpellis 3 septicide soluta, carpellis longe

rostratis introrsum dehiscentibus. Semina lf-2 lin. longa, lineari-teretia, curvata,

utrinque membranaceo-appendiculata. — Encholirium Augusta', B. H. Schomb. in Verb.

des Ver. Beford. Gartenb. in Preuss. (1S46), p. 18, t. 2; in Bot. Zeitung (1846),

p. 454 ; B. Schomb. Reisen in Brit. -Guiana, ii. p. 271, and iii. p. 1067 ; & in Bot.

Bern. Brit. Guiana, p. 77 ; De Beer, Brom. p. 27. Caraguata Augusta', Benth.

& Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. p. 668. Dyckia Augusta, Baker, Handb. Brom. p. 135.

Puya Augusta, Mez, in DC. Monogr. Phan. ix. p. 487, partim.

Summit of Mount Boraima, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 670. South slopes of

Boraima at 6500 ft., Schomburgk, 687, 1021.

The discovery of fruiting specimens of this plant by Messrs. McConnell & Quelch
demonstrates that it cannot properly be referred to either of the genera under which it
has previously been placed. Erom Encholirion it differs totally in habit, large bracts,
broad petals, and seeds. Erom Caraguata it differs in its free petals and in its seeds.
Erom Dyckia it differs in habit, in the long-beaked entire (not bifid) carpels into which
the ripe fruit sejmrates, and in its seeds. And from Puya it differs in habit, in the petals
not twisting when the flower fades, in the capsule not dehiscing loculicidally, and in the
seeds. The only genus which approaches it in structure is Lindmania, Mez, but the
habit, branching panicle, small bracts and very small flowers of the species of Lindmania

MOUNT? Hiil!\LM\ l\ BRITISH GUIANA. 07

are so entirely different from those of Connellia, that they cannot naturally be placed in
the same genus. Possibly the fruit of Lmdmania, which I have not seen, and the
dorsifixed anthers may afford technical characters to distinguish the two genera, especi-
ally if taken in conjunction with the difference in habit.

Connellia Quelchii, N. E. lb-own. (Plate 14.) Folia rosulata U-of poll, longa,

angusta, convoluta, integra, basi tantum minute dcnticulata, supra tomentosa, suhtns

glabra, vel rare utrinque tomentosa, marginibus albo-tomentosis. Scapus simplex,

multibracteatus. Bractete imbricatae, glabrae, nitidae; inferiores steriles amplexi-

caules, abrupte subulato-cuspidatae ; fiorigei-c elliptico-ovatse, apiculatae, valde

concava?. Elores sub quaque bractea solitarii, pedicellati, speciosi, rosei. — Tillandsia

strictdy var. ?, Baker j in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1S87), p. 285. Puya

August a, Mez, in DC. Monog. Phan. ix. p. 187, partim.

Leaves rosulate, l|-5f in. long, 2-4i lin. broad, linear, convolute-subulate, rather

blunt, rigidly coriaceous, minutely denticulate at the base only, densely white-tomentose

on the inner face and along the margins, usually glabrous on the couvex back, rarely

tomentose on both sides. Scape arising from the centre of the rosette, 2-5 in. lon^ to

the lowest flower of the 2-3^ in. long raceme, 1-1£ lin. thick, glabrous, clothed with

imbricating bracts, which are f-l| in. long, 6-8 lin. broad, stem-clasping, broadly

elliptic-oblong and abruptly contracted into a subulate leafy point at the apex, or broadly

ovate and simply acute or acuminate, glabrous, with tomentose margins to the leafy point,

brown in the dried state, shining. Raceme moderately dense, lj-lf in. diam., 7-13-

flowered, its bracts ascending or somewhat spreading, 7-10 lin. long, 5-7 lin. broad,

elliptic-ovate, acute or obtuse and apiculate, deeply concave, glabrous, brown, shining.

Flowers solitary under each bract, pedicellate. Pedicels 2-8 lin. long, glabrous. Sepals

free, 5-5| lin. long, 2^-3 lin. broad, ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous, light brown, with

thin rose-pink margins. Petals free, 9 lin. long, oh lin. broad, orbicular, obtuse,

narrowed into a short broad claw at the base, glabrous, entire, without a scale at their

base, bright rose-pink. Stamens about 5 lin. long, glabrous ; filaments very shortly

adnate to the petals at their base, filiform ; anthers f lin. long, oblong, obtuse. Ovary

superior, trigonous-ovoid, glabrous, narrowed into a glabrous style 3i lin. long, with 3

recurving compressed linear stigmas about 1 lin. long, slightly undulated along the

stigmatose surface.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., im Thum, 315 ; McConnell 8f Quelch, 107, 072.
In general appearance this plant bears a slight resemblance to Tillandsia stricta, Soland..
but in all details is very different. It is considered by Mez to he identical with
C. Augusta ; but although an undoubted congener of that plant, is most certainly very
distinct from it specifically, being very much smaller in size, with the upper surface
and margins of the leaves tomentose, solitary flowers under each bract, and a glabrous
calyx; whilst C. Augustce has leaves 8-14 in. long, quite glabrous on both sides, the
flowers are in clusters of 3-7 under each bract, and the calyx is thinly covered with short
hairs. I have not seen ripe seeds of C. Quelchii, but the ovules show that they will be
appendaged at each end It is a very pretty species and well worth cultivating.

k2

68 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

Tillandsia bhodocincta, Baker, in Journ. Bot. xxvi. (1888), p. 143, & Handb. Brom.
p. 178 ; Mez, in DC. Monog. Phan. ix. p. 791. Tillandsia sp.. Baker, in Trans. Linn.
Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 285.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell fy Quelch, 671. — Endemic.

IRIDACE^].

Sisyrhinchium alatum, Hooker, Icones Plant, t. 219, var.
Kotinga Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 139.

LILIACE.E.

Nietneria corymbosa, Klotzsch, in Pv. Scbomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 1066 ; im
Thurn & Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), pp. 269, 285.
Upper slopes of Mount Rorairna, McConnell 8f Quelch, 12, 36, 328. Summit of Mount
Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 83, 656. — Apparently endemic to the region.

Tofieldia Sciiomburgkiana, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 285,
t. 49. f. A.

Isidrogahis guianensis, Klotzsch, in R. Scbomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 1065, name only.

Upper slopes and summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell Sr Quelch, 93, 326, 657 ;
Schomburgk. — Endemic.

XYRLDACEJi

Xyris Seubertii, Nilss. in K. Svensk Akad. Handl. xxiv. (1892), No. xiv. p. 51, t. 4.
f. 1.
Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 41. — The locality in which
Schomburgk collected this plant is unknown to me, and the leaves of his specimens are
much smaller than those of the specimens collected by McConnell & Quelch.

Xyris concinna, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Planta 3-6 poll, alta, perennis, glabra. Caudex

J-1 poll, longus. Folia disticha, l-2f poll, longa, anguste linearia, acuta. Pedun-

culus subteres, uno margine prominente, basi vagina apice breviter foliata

instructus. Spica ovoidea. Bractese oblongse vel ellipticae, obtusae, castaneae, late

albo-marginatse, laceratae, glabrae. Sepala lateralia lineari-lanceolata, acuta, carinata,

glabra, carina integra vel ad medium minutissime scabrida. Petala elliptica, obtusa,

integra, lutea. Staminodia bibrachiata, brachiis penicillatis luteis.

Perennial. Caudex \-\ in. (or more ?) long, \ lin. thick, naked below the leaves,

emitting fibrous roots. Leaves distichous, l-2f in. long, ^-f lin. broad, linear, acute,

abruptly dilated into a short, broad, bright brown, clasping base, not twisted, glabrous.

Peduncles 1-6 to a stem, 2|-5^ in. long, J-J lin. thick, subterete, with a raised line

along one side, glabrous ; their basal sheaths f-lf in. long, produced at the apex into a

short compressed or leafy point, keeled, glabrous, often minutely ciliate along the keel or

at its apex. Spikes 2i-3i lin. long, ovoid, obtuse. Bracts 1|-2| lin. long, 1-li lin.

MOUNT RORAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 09

broad, oblong or elliptic, obtuse, chestnut-brown, with a broad white hyaline border,
which soon becomes lacerated, glabrous. Lateral sepals 2f lin. long, h lin. broad,
complicate, linear-lanceolate, acute, keeled, yellowish-brown, glabrous, the keel quite
entire or very minutely scabrid along the middle. Petals 2 lin. long, 1 lin. broad, elliptic,
obtuse, entire, yellow. Staminodes 2-armed, about h lin. long, divided into tufts of
yellow hairs.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8(500 ft, McConnell 8f Quelch, 19(5.

Allied to Xyris Seubertii, Nilss., but distinguished by its smaller size, lacerated bracts,
and the glabrous or very minutely scabrid keel of the lateral sepals. The broad bright
brown bases of the leaves give the base of the plant a somewhat bulbous appearance.

Xyris witsenioides, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 285, t. 50. f. B.
X. caulescens, Klotzsch, in It. Schornb. Reiseu in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 1064, name only.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 95, 658. — Endemic.

Abolboda Sceptrum, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 286, &
pp. 258, 259, 262, 267, & 268.

Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 668. — -Endemic on Roraima and the
surrounding region.

The specimen collected by McConnell & Quelch consists of adult leaves and young
plants, and that collected by im Thurn of the upper part of a flowering stem without
leaves, so that this interesting plant is as yet very imperfectly represented in European
Herbaria.

RAPATEACE.E.

Stegolepis guianensis, Klotzsch, ex Koern. in Linnyea, xxxvii. (1871-73), p. 481; im
Thurn & Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), pp. 265, 267 & 286.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 669. — Endemic.

ERIOCAULACE^.

Eriocaulon tenuifolium, Klotzsch, in R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 1116.

Savannahs generally, McConnell 8f Quelch, 307.

PjEpalanthus Roraimjc, Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 286.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 102, 315, 660.— Endemic.

P^palanthtjs flavescens, Koern. in. Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. pt. i. p. 123 ; im Thurn &
Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), pp. 263, 286.

P. eriocephalus, Klotzsch in R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 100 1, name only.

Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 9, 10, 327.— Also in Venezuela
and Brazil.

PjEPALANTHUs fraternus, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Acaulis. Eolia dense rosulata, linearia,
subacuta, basi late dilatata, supra canaliculata, rigida, supra pilis articulatis appressis

70 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

tenuiter obtecta et pilis longis paucis laxe ciliata, subtus vel rave utrinque glabra,

in axillis dense lanato-villosa. Pedunculi 8-12 poll, longi. laxe villosi, rare glabri.

Capitula 4-|-5 lin. diam., albo-villosa. Bracteae involucrantes 3-4-seriata3, late

ovatae, acutae, dorso appresse pubescentes, fuscae. Bracteae inter flores oblongse,

subacuta?, apice dense albo-barbatee. Peceptacuhun pilosum. Sepala elliptica,

obtusa, hyalino-olivacea, ciliata, apice dense albo-barbata. Petala noris masculini in

tubutn inf undibuliformem stipitatum connata ; floris fceminei libera, sessilia, anguste

linearia, dense ciliato-barbata.

A stemless perennial. Leaves densely rosulate, 1-1| in. long, 1-li lin. broad, linear,

tapering to a blunt point, rather abruptly dilated into a broad open sbeath at the base,

rigid, concave and thinly covered with adpressed white jointed hairs on the face, convex

and glabrous on the back, rarely glabrous on both sides, veins not prominent, scarcely

striate, often, but not always, thinly ciliate with a few long hairs, densely villose-woolly with

long fine hairs in the axils. Peduncles 1-3 to a plant, 8-12 in. long, slender, obscurely 6-7-

angular, thinly covered with short spreading hairs or rarely glabrous ; their basal sheaths

1-lf in. long, with a rigid oblique subacute ciliate mouth, otherwise glabrous. Heads

4^-5 lin. diam., at first hemispherical, afterwards globose, monoecious or rarely unisexual.

Involucral bracts in 3-4 series, the innermost lf-2 lin. long, 1^ lin. broad, broadly ovate,

acute, fuscous, adpressed-pubescent on the back, ciliate, the outer gradually smaller.

Flowering-bracts 1^ lin. long, ^ lin. broad, oblong, obtuse or subacute, pale fuscous,

densely bearded with white hairs on the apical part, lleceptacle pilose with long white

hairs, as are also the pedicels of the flowers. Male flowers pedicellate ; sepals 3, 1J lin.

long, \ lin. broad, elliptic, obtuse or subacute, fuscous, densely bearded with white hairs

on the apical part ; petals arising \ lin. above the sepals, all united into a hyaline

funnel-shaped tube \ lin. long, truncate, witli 3 very minute teeth at the apex, glabrous ;

stamens shortly exserted, with white anthers ; rudimentary pistil represented by 3

clavate bodies, minutely papillate at the apex. Female flowers shortly pedicellate ;

sepals \\ lin. long, §-f lin. broad, elliptic, subacute, beautifully reticulated with fuscous,

ciliate from the base and densely bearded on the upper halt' with long white hairs ;

j>etals 3, free, arising close to the sepals, 1 lin. long, about \ lin. broad, ciliate and

clothed on both sides with long white hairs ; ovary ovoid, trigonous, glabrous, narrowed

into a style about \ lin. long, with 3 linear bifid stigmas, and 3 stout appendages,

papillate at the apex only.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., JfcC'oi/ueU S,- Quelc/i, 96, 659.
Allied to P.falcatus, Koern., and P. jlaresceus, Koern. From the former it differs by
its more rigid, channelled leaves, less woolly heads, and more acute involucral bracts,
and from P. Jlavescens, Koern., by the narrower and more acute leaves, which have a
different pubescence, and the very different flower-heads. It also appears to be near
P. Schomburgkii, Klotzsch (which I have not seen), but that plant is described as
having longer and broader leaves, striate, with prominent veins on the upper side, a
subulate point to the peduncular sheath, much shorter peduncles, and glabrous involucral
1 tracts.

MOUNT ROKAIMA IX BRITISH GUIANA. 71

I'.Kiui.Aviin s STJ3CAULESCENS, X. E. Brown, sp. n. Plants 4-8 poll. alta. Caulis
simplex, dense toliosus. Folia lineari-lanceolatu. acuta, glabra, juniora pilis lougis
laxe ciliata. Pedunculi 2-7-aggregati, obtuse 4-angulati, glabri, vaginis oblique fissis
apice siiliulato-apieiilatis glabris ore ciliatis. Capitula hemisphserica, albo-villosa.
Bractese involucrantes suborbiculares vel Late oho vatse, obtusissimse, minutee ciliata-.
fuscae. Bracteae inter flores oblongae, obtusse, apiculatae, apice albo-barbatae.
Receptaculum glabrum, sed pedicellis laxe pilosis. Floris masculi sepala obovata,
ohtusa, apice albo-barbata ; petala in tubum tridentatum longe stipitatum connata.
Floris foeminei sepala elliptica vel obovata, obtusa, apice albo-barbata; petala
libera, oblonga, obtusa, pilis longis dense ciliata, dorso glabra.
A perennial, with a simple densely leafy stem J-2^ in. long. Leaves f-1^ in. long,
1-2^ lin. broad, linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous, striate, green, the younger laxly ciliate
with long white hairs, ascending, becoming deflexed with age. Peduncles 2-7 to a plant,
2^-5 k in. long, slender, obtusely 1-angled, glabrous ; their basal sheaths 1-1} in. long,
glabrous, with an oblique ciliate mouth, acute or subulate-pointed. Heads 2-3 lin. diam..
hemispherical, monoecious, white-villous. Involucral bracts in 3-1 series ; the innermost
f lin. long, f-1 lin. broad, suborbicular or broadly obovate, very obtuse, glabrous, minutely
ciliate, fuscous, the outer gradually smaller. Flowering bracts f-1 lin. long, £ lin. broad,
oblong, obtuse, apiculate, fuscous, densely bearded with short white hairs on the apical
part. Receptacle apparently glabrous, but with the base of the pedicels pilose with Ion"
hairs. Male flowers: sepals f lin. long, ^ lin. broad, obovate, obtuse, brown, bearded
with white hairs at the apex ; petals connate into a hyaline, subtruncate, minutely
3-toothed tube, separated from the sepals by a stipes nearly ^ lin. long, glabrous ; anthers
white. Female flowers : sepals f-1 lin. long, nearly i lin. broad, elliptic or obovate,
obtuse, fuscous or brownish, densely bearded with short white hairs on the apical part ;
petals 3, free, arising close to the sepals, f lin. long, ^ lin. broad, oblong, obtuse, light
fuscous, densely fringed with very long hairs on the margins and borders of the inner
face, glabrous on the back; ovary glabrous, trigonous ; style elongated ; stigmas linear,
bifid to halfway down ; appendages rather thick, papillate at the apex.

Kotinga Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 153. Savannahs generally, McConnell fy Quelch,
300.

A very distinct species, bearing a resemblance to P. uncmatus, Gardn., in stem and
foliage, but with very different flower-heads. It might be placed near P. plantagmeus,
Koern.

P.EPALANTHUS BIFO&MIS, X. E. Brown, sp. n. Planta pusilla, acaulis, ut videtur annua.
Folia rosulata, 3-1 lin. longa, linearia, acuta, supra arachnoideo-tomentosa, demum
glabra. Pedunculi 3-1, tiliformes, lf-2| poll, longi, laxe villosi vel subglabri, vaginis
glabris ore obliquis acutis. Capitula hemisphaerica, 2-2| lin. diam., pallide luteo-
alba. Bractese involucrantes oblongre vel ovato-oblongic, acuta?, glabrae. Bracteae
inter flores nulhe. Receptaculum et pedicelli lanati. Flores masculi quam fceminei
multo minores, oblique deltoidei, acuti, sepalis inasqualibus ad medium barbatis,
petalis in tubum minutum stipitatum connatis. Flores foeminei recti; sepala

72 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

eorum 3, libera, anguste lanceolata, acuminata, carinata, glabra, ad medium ciliata;

petala 3, euneato-obovata, prope apicem obtusum incurvum leviter connata, dorso

pilis longis dense vestita.
A small stemless annual ? Leaves rosulate, very spreading, 3-4 lin. long, \-± lin.
broad, linear, acute, thinly cobwebby-tomentose above, becoming glabrous, glabrous
beneath, woolly in the axils. Peduncles 3-4 to a plant, lf-2| in. long, filiform, thinly
villose or nearly glabrous. Heads simple, monoecious, 2-2h lin. diam., very pale straw-
coloured in all parts. Involucral-bracts in 3-4 series, much shorter than the flowers, the
innermost f lin. long, \-§ lin. broad, oblong or ovate-oblong, acute, quite glabrous, thin,
semi-transparent. Flowering-bracts none. Receptacle and pedicels very woolly. Male
flowers much smaller than the female flowers, with rather longer pedicels, very oblique;
sepals 3, two of them \ lin. long, \ lin. broad, obliquely semiovate, straight along one
margin, very much curved along the other, acute, the third smaller, rhomboid-lanceolate,
acute, all bearded with short hairs at about the middle, transparent ; petals connate into
a very minute, stipitate, funnel-shaped cup, glabrous ; anthers white. Female flowers
straight, projecting much beyond the males ; sepals 3, free, 1 lin. long, \ lin. broad, narrowly
lanceolate, acuminate, boat-shaped, keeled, glabrous, ciliate at the middle ooly, trans-
parent ; petals arising a little above the sepals, scarcely \ lin. long, about \ lin. broad,
cuneate-obovate, obtuse and indexed at the apex, and apparently slightly connate there,
densely clothed with long hairs on the back ; ovary trigonous, glabrous, with a glabrous
style, divided at the apex into 3 simple stigmas and 3 slender clavate appendages. Capsule
scarcely J lin. diam. Seeds ellipsoidal, faintly ribbed, glabrous, brown.
Kotiuga Valley, near Mount Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 126.

This species much resembles Pcepalanthus simplex, Miq., but is readily distinguished
by the very unequal size and dissimilar form of the male and female flowers, the
females conspicuously projecting much beyond the males, so that the heads have a
somewhat echinate appearance.

PjEPalanthus umbellatus, Kunth, Enum. PI. iii. p. 537.
Kotiuga Valley, McConnell Sf Quelch, 129.

Pcepalanthus subtilts, Miq. Stirp Surin. Sel. p. 221.
Savannahs generally, McConnell Sf Quelch, 312.

Pcepalanthus capillaceus, Klotzsch, in R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, i. p. 377,
ii. p. 5, & iii. p. 1063; Koern. in Mart. Fl. Bras. iii. pt, I. p. 415, t. 53. f. 2.
Kukenaam Puver, McConnell Sf Quelch, 314. Roraima, Appun, 1217. — Endemic to
the region.

CYPERACEcE.

Cyperus uncinatus, Poir. Encycl. vii. p. 247.

Kotiuga Valley near Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 128. Savannahs generally,
McConnell Sf Quelch, 321.

MOUNT RORAIMA IX HRITISH GUIANA. 73

FUIRENA UMBELLATA, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. PI. p. 70, t. 1!). f. 3.

Ireng Valley, MeCormell fy Qtielch, 254.

Hypolytrum pungens, Vahl, Enum. ii. |>. 283.
Kotinga Valley, McDonnell Sf Quelch, 179.

EVERARDIA ANGUSTA, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Folia lint-aria, acuta, laxe pilosa. Culmi
basi vaginati, apbylli, valde compressi, leviter concavo-convcxi, parce pilosi vcl fere
glabri. Panicula elongata, linearia, stricta, ramis gracilibus erectis 1- (rare 2-)spicu-
latis in axillis vaginorum aggregatis. Spiculse masculse lanceolatae, glumis 5-7
coraccis oblongis acutis mucronatis brunneis sterilibus et glumis 1-6 niembranaceis
oblongis obtnsis fertilibus instructs; stamina sub quaquc gluma 6-12. Spicuke
fcemineoe omnes ad apicem paniculi dispositse, glumis 5 oblongo-lanceolatis acutis
mucronatis ovarium solitarium stipitatum circumdatis ; stigmata 3, dense villosa »
pili hypogyni copiosi.
Leaves in tufts of 3-6, distinct from the flowering culms, 8-12 in. lornr. 14-11 lin
broad, linear, acute, often folded, but when expanded channelled down the face, with an
acute ridge on each side of the channel, flat on the back, thinly pilose, usually slightly
recurving. Flowering culms 14-18 in. high, including the panicle, J-f lin. broad,
flattened, slightly concave on one side, convex on the other, sparingly pilose or nearly
glabrous, produced on distinct leafless shoots, embraced by a long glabrous leafless sheath
at the base. Panicle 7-12 in. long, strictly erect, linear, composed of 1—5 distant tufts
of erect, simple or once umbellately divided, filiform branchlets, clustered in the axils of
close-fitting brown sheaths $— | in. long, which have spreading leafy points ^-1 in. long.
Spikelets solitary or very rarely 2 at the end of the branchlets, light brown. Male
spikelets 3-4 fin. long, 1-1 j lin. thick, lanceolate, with 5-7 coriaceous, oblong, acute,
mucrouate, brown empty glumes, thinly and minutely pubescent on the back, and 4-6
membranous, oblong, obtuse, fertile glumes; stamens 6-12 under each glume; anthers
2 lin. long, linear, tipped with a minute tuft of stiff hairs. Female spikelets all at
the apex of the panicle, more slender than the males, 3 lin. long, about § lin. thick, with
about 5 oblong-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, minutely ciliate glumes surrounding the
solitary pubescent ovary ; stigmas 3, densely villose ; hypogynous hairs copious.
Summit of Mount Roraima, S600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 676.

This species is easily distinguished from the following by its very much narrower
leaves and less floriferous panicles.

Evehardia Montana, Ridl. in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Eot. ii. (1887), p. 2S7.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 674. — Endemic.

GRAMINE.E.

Panictjm eligtjlatum, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Folia erecta, linearia, attenuato-acuta,

rigida, cinereo-glauca. supra ad basin longe villosa et ad basi vaginorum villoso-
tomentosa ; ligula nulla. Culmi 10-13 poll, longi, stricti, striata, glabri, ad nodos

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. VI. L

74 REPORT OX TAVO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

subglauci, bivaginati, vagina inferiore t'oliosa. Panicula 2-3 poll, longa, oblonga,

multiflora. Spiculae ellipsoideap, 1-2-florae. Glumae 3 inferiores vacuae, glabrae,

brunneae vel atro-fuscae ; gluma infima parva ; secunda et tertia subeequales elliptica?,

obtusae, profunde concavae 6-7-nerves. Gluma florens elliptica, obtusa, profunde

concava, laevis, 5-nervis, glabra, albida. Palea elliptica, obtusa, concava, 2-nervis,

glabra, albida.

Leaves, excluding the sheaths, 0-9 in. long, 2^-3 lin. broad, linear, tapering to a very

acute subpimgent point, with involute margins, rigid, erect, greyish-glaucous, striate,

more or less densely pilose on the upper side at the base, and densely villose-tomentose

at the very base of the sheaths ; ligule none. Culms 10-13 in. long, straight, striate,

glabrous, more or less glaucous at the nodes, bearing two sheaths, the lower of which

bears a short leaf. Panicle 2-3 in. long, f— ] in. diam., oblong-lanceolate, moderately

compact, with semiverticillate, erect, glabrous branchlets and pedicels. Spikelets lj-H

lin. long, ellipsoidal, 1-2-flowered. Empty glumes 3, glabrous, brown or blackish; the

lowest, f-1 lin. long, 3 lin. broad, oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, 2-nerved ; the 2 inner

lj lin. long, i lin. broad, elliptic, obtuse, deeply boat-shaped, 0-7-nerved. Flowering

glume 1 lin. long, elliptic, obtuse, deeply concave, 5-nerved, glabrous, smooth, whitish.

Pale similar to the flowering glume, but smaller and flatter, 2-nerved, whitish. Anthers

f lin. long, very dark purplish brown. Stigmas 2, densely plumose, brown or fuscous.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 675.

Allied to Panicum loreum, Trim, but the leaves and panicle are shorter than they are
in that species, the spikelets rather larger, and the Leaves quite destitute of a ligule, the
absence of which is its most remarkable character, since there are few grasses in which
all trace of a ligule is absolutely wanting.

Panicum chnoodes, Trim Gram. Panic, p. 211.

Roraima Range, 3500 ft., McCovmell §/• Quelch, 709. — Also in Brazil.

Echinol^na hirta, Desv. Journ. Bot. i. (1813), p. 75.

E. scabra, H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. i. p. 1LS, t. .'3S ; Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii.
(1887), p. 288.

Upper slopes of Mount Roraima, McConnell fy Quelch, 71. — Throughout Guiana and
Brazil. The only other species of this genus is a native of Madagascar.

Olyra micrantha, H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp. i. p. 199.

Roraima Range, 3500 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 7"s. Widely dispersed in Brazil and
Guiana.

Arundo roraimensis, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Plania i-3 ped. alta, culmo ad apicem laxe
folioso glabro. Folia linearia, complicata, apice oblique subacuta, subrigida, glabra
vel minutissime scaberula, rare supra ligulam laxe pilosa, intra microscopice papu-
losa ; ligula ad annulum dense pilosum reducta. Panicula 1-6 poll, longa, ramis
pedicellisque scaberulis vel villosis. Spiculae 3-5-florae, rhachilla brevitcr pilosa inter
flores articulata. Glumae 2 inferiores vacuae, subaequales, lineares, acutae vel minute

MOUNT ROKAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 75

fcrifidse, 1 -nerves, submembranaceae, glabra* ; gimme florentes oblongac, lon^e
aristatse, basi longe pilosse, 5-nerves. Palea lineari-oblonga, bifida vol emarginata,
2-iicrvis, membranacea, rnarginibus inflexis.
Perennial, 1-J— 3 ft. (or more?) high. Stems Laxly leafy to tbe top, glabrous. Lower
leaves 9-20 in. long, the upper gradually shorter, 1^-3 lin. broad, erect, slightly rigid,
lineal', complicate, very obliquely subacute, glabrous or occasionally very minutely and
thinly scaberulous on the back, microscopically papillate on the upperside, sometimes
pilose and ciliate with long hairs just above the ligule, which is reduced to a dense ring
of hairs. Panicle slightly nodding, 4i-6 in. long, l^-2i in. broad, not very dense, its
branches and pedicels scaberulous or villose. Spikelets 8-9 lin. long, 3-5-flowered, the
rhachilla readily disarticulating between the flowers, which are hermaphrodite. Empty
glumes 2, subequal, 3-3| lin. long, linear, acute and mucronate or shortly bifid at the
apex, 1-nerved, membranous, glabrous. Flowering glume (excluding the awn) 3 lin. long,
oblong-lanceolate, very concave, villose on the basal part with white hairs 2 lin. long,
5-nerved, trifid at the apex, with the middle tooth (or nerve) running out into a straight
scabrid awn about 4 lin. long. Pale 2^- lin. long, oblong-linear, with intiexed margins,
bifid or emarginate at the apex, 2-nerved, scabrous on tbe nerves, otherwise glabrous.
Lodicules J lin. long, broad and oblique, subentire or crenately 2-lobulate, glabrous.
Stamens 3. Ovary about 1 lin. long, slightly fusiform, or subterete, glabrous. Styles 2,
plumose for f of their length, yellow or brown.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8(500 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 073.
Allied to A. pilosa, D'Urv.

Arlndinaria deflexa., N. E. Brown, sp. n. Culmi superne ramosi, ramis erectis

teretibus glabris Miosis. Folia deflexa, lanceolata, acuminata, glabra, marginibus

scaberulis ; ligula brevis, subtruncata ; vagina ad apicem longe setosa. Panicula

terminalis, erecta, angusta, laxa, glabra. Spiculse angustse, paucifiorae. Glumae

inferiores 3 vacua?, glunia extima minimus, 2 sequentes fiorentibus subsimiles sed

minores ; glumse florentes ovato-lanceolatae, obtusae, concavae, 7-nerves, glabrae,

minutissime ciliatae. Palea angusta, brevissime bifida, bicarinata, carinis ciliatis.

Stems branching in the upper part. Branches very erect, close to and parallel with

the main stem, terete, glabrous, leafy, nearly concealed by the leaf-sheaths. Leaves

deflexed, 5-5.V in. long, 9-11 lin. broad, lanceolate, tapering to a very acute point,

glabrous on both sides, scabrid on the margins, probably slightly glaucous beneath;

primary veins not very distinct from the rest; sheaths closely embracing the stem,

glabrous, striate, with a fringe of long bristles at the apex ; ligule short, subtruncate,

glabrous. Panicle 5-11 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, lax, with slender erect glabrous branches.

Spikelets about 3-flovvered, 5-6 lin. long, narrow, with the 3 lower glumes empty, the

lowest of which is about 1 lin. long, the second and third 2-2^ lin. long, oblong, obtuse.

concave, glabrous, not ciliate, obscurely 5-7-nerved. Flowering glume 3|-3| lin. long,

ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, concave, glabrous, very minutely ciliate, 7-nerved. Pale :$ lin.

long, linear-oblong, with inflexed sides, slightly bifid at the obtuse apex, with 2 keel-like

ciliate nerves. Anthers 1^ lin. long, linear.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 678.

h 2

76 BEPOfiT OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

The spikelets on the specimens seen are imperfect, most of them consisting of empty
bracts only, and none that I have examined contain a perfect ovary.

Chusqtjea linearis, N. E. Brown, sp. n. Culmi graeiles, internodiis f— 2j poll, longis,

ramulis brevibus ad nodos aggregatis. Folia (5-10 lin. longa, 1-1-g lin. lata, lanceo-

lata, acutissima, glalmx, secus unum marginem minute scaberula; vaginas striataa,

pubescentes, Mgula brevi subtruncati. Racemi ad nodos aggregati, lineares, spiculis

3-0, unifloris. Glumae inferiores 4 vacua', glunia infima minima, sequentes majores

pubescentes ; glunia florens convoluta, obtusa, apicem tantum puhescens, 7-8-

nervis. Palea oblongo-ovata, obtusa, convoluta, glabra, apice ciliata, 4-nervis

Stems slender, terete, glabrous, with internodes §-2| in. long, concealed by the striated

sheaths, hearing at the nodes clusters of 4-10 simple leafy or flowering branches 1^-3 in.

long. Leaves distichous, those on the branches 1^-2 lin. distant, 6-10 lin. long,

1-1^ lin. broad, lanceolate, tapering to a very acute mucronate point, abruptly narrowed

into a very short petiole at the base, glabrous, minutely ciliate-scabrid along one

margin, striate beneath from the numerous closely placed prominent nerves; sheaths

striate, pubescent ; ligule short, subtruncate, no bristles. Racemes linear, with 3-6

pedicellate, adpressed, 1-flowered spikelets, or the terminal one with 14-15 spikelets.

Outer 4 glumes empty; the lowest J-f lin. long, broadly oblong, obtuse, 1 -nerved ; the

second lj-lf lin. long, oblong, obtuse, with or without a short awn, 1-nerved ; the two others

subequal, 2^-2| lin. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, very concave, 5-6-nerved, all more or

less pubescent on the back and ciliate, at least at the apex. Flowering glume 2f lin.

long, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, convolute, pubescent and ciliate at the apex only, with

7-8 slender nerves. Pale 2 lin. long, oblong-ovate, convolute, obtuse and ciliate at the

apex, membranous, with I slender nerves. Lodieules 3. narrowly oblong, obtuse, ciliate

at the apex, §-f lin. long. Stamens 3 ;" anthers 1 lin. long, linear. Ovary narrowly

ovoid, glabrous ; styles 2, narrowly plumose nearly to the base.

Summit of Mount Eoraima, 8600 ft., McCormell §f Quelch, 677.

Allied to C. dbietifolia, Griseb., but among other characters is easily distinguished by
its linear racemes.

MOUNT RORAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 77

11 PTEKIBOPHYTA.
By C. 11. Wright, A.L.S.

1. Gleichenia ptjbescens, 11. B. it K. Nov (Jen. & S|>. i. p. 29. Mertensia pubescens,

Willd. ; R,. Schomb. Eteisen in Brit.-Gu.iana, ii. p. 272 : Appun, Unter den Tropen,

ii. p. 594.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell ,V Quelch, (Ho, 619.
British Guiana : Kwating Creek ; also Mexico and West Indies to Chili.

2. Cyathea vkstita, Mart, in Denkschr. Regensb. ii. (1822), p. 146. C. hirtula, Mart.;

R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit. -Guiana, ii. p. 272; Appun, Unter den Tropen, ii.

p. 594.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 605.
Hurnirida Mountains, Brazil.

3. Hemitelia subincisa, Kimze. in Bot. Zeit. ii. (1814), p. 296.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McComieU 8f Quelch, 620.

British Guiana: Kwating Creek : also Central and Tropical South America.

ALSOPHILA margixalis, Klot/.seh. in Linnaea, xviii. (1844), p. 512; Appun, Unter den

Tropen, ii. 594.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell b Qvelch, 604.
Mexico.

5. ALsorjni.A VILLOSA, Presl. ex Hook. Sp. Fil. i. ]>. 13; Appun. Unter den Tropen, ii.

j). 594; Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soe. Ser. IT. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 289. Cyathea villosa,

H. B. & K. Nov. Cen. & Sp. i. p. 24, and vii. t. 070.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., JfrCoi/i/ell 8f Quelch, 621.
British Guiana : Arapu River; also throughout Tropical South America.

6. Alsopuila microphylla, Klotzsch, in Linmea, xviii. (1844), p. 541.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell A' Quelch, 600.

Venezuela and New Granada.

7. Dicksonia coniifolia, Hook. Sp. Fil. i. p. 70, t. 2 k lig. A.
Summit of Roraima, SG00 ft., McConnell A- Quelch, 564.
Jamaica, Venezuela, New Granada, and South Brazil.

8. Uymenophyllum crispvji, H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. & Sp i. p. 26.
Summit of Roraima, S000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 563.

Cuba, Jamaica, Mexico, Venezuela. New Granada, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

7S REPORT OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

9. Hymexophylltjm DEJECTTTM, Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887),

p. 289 ; Hook. Ic. PL t. 1610.

Roraima : upper slopes, McOonnell 8f Quelch, 46 ; summit, McConnell 8f Quelch,
110, 113.

Endemic. Mr. im Tliurn gathered it on the summit, as stated on j). 269 of Trans.
Linn. Soc Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887).

10. Hy'MENOphyllum polyanthos, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 149 ; 11. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-

Guiana, iii. p. 1044. IT. clavatwm, Sw. ; R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit .-Guiana, ii.
p. 272, iii. p. 1044 ; Appun, Unter den Tropen, ii. p. 594. H. Poeppigianum, Presl;
R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit. -Guiana, iii. p. 1014; Appun, Unter den Tropen, ii.
p. 59 1,
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McCormell 8f Quelch, (ill ; upper slopes, McConnell 8f
Quelch, 50 p.p., 73; summit, 8000 ft,, McConnell §r Quelch, 624.

British Guiana: Kwating Creek, Potaro River and Mazaruni River ; also West Indies,
Central America, the entire South American continent, Tropical and Suhtropical Asia,
New Zealand, Mascarene Islands, and Tropical Africa.

11. Hymenophylltjm microcarpum, Desv. in Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, vi. (1827), p. 333.
Roraima: upper slopes, McConnell 8f Quelch, i4, 69.

Portorico, Guatemala, New Granada, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and South Brazil.

12. Hyjiexophyllum sericeum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 146.
Summit of Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 628.

West Indies, Guatemala. French Guiana, New Granada, Ecuador. Peru, Bolivia,
and South Brazil.

13. Hymenopiiviii m lineare, Sw. El. hid. Occ. iii. p. 1749.

Roraima: upper slopes, McConnell 8f Quelch, 55 pro parte; summit, 8600 ft.,
McConnell 8f Quelch, 562.

Tropical America from the West Indies and Mexico southward to Peru and Brazil,
Tropical and South Africa, and Mascarene Islands.

14. Hy>ii:>ophyllttm sp., JS. multijido, Sw.. amnis.

Mazaruni, between 250 and 3000 ft., McConnell §r Quelch, 596, 598.

15. Trichomanes elegans, Rudge, PI. Guian. Rar. Ic. p. 24. Ripnenostackys elegans,

Presl ; R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, ii. p. 272 ; Appun, Unter den Tropen,

ii. p. 594.

Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell §r Quelch, 615; Mazaruni River, under 3000 ft.,
McConnell 8f Quelch, 594.

Central America, Trinidad, New Granada, Venezuela, and Northern Brazil.

In no. 594 the upper part of one of the fertile fronds is barren, and about six pairs of
pinna' have grown out in a similar manner to those of the barren fronds.

MOUNT RORAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 79

16. Trichomanes macilkxtum, Van den Bosch, Eymenophyll. Nov. p. 12; Baker in

Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 289.

Mazaruni River, 250ft., McCotmell ^ Quelch, 578; between 250 and 3000 It., McCotmell
8f Quelch, 597.

British Guiana: upper slopes of Roraima; forests near the Kaieteur Savannah,
Potaro River; Ainutu, below the Kaieteur Fall, Potaro River; Macouria River; also in
Trinidad and Brazil, especially the northern provinces.

This is regarded by Mr. Baker (Trans. Linn. Soc. loc. tit.) as a variety of T. BcmcroftU,
Hook. & Grey.

17. Trichomanes Bancrofth, Hook, et Grev. I.e. Fil. t. 201; It, Selionib. Reisen in

Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 101-3; Appun, Unter den Tropen, ii. p. 504.
Mazaruni River, between 250 and 3000 ft., McCotmell 8f Quelch, 587.
British Guiana : Amutu and below the Kaieteur Fall on the Potaro River ; also in
the "West Indies, Guatemala, French Guiana, Northern Brazil, and Peru.

18. Teichomanes brachypus, Kunze, in Linmea, ix. (1834), p. 105 ; R. Schonib. Reisen
in Brit.-Guiana, ii. p. 272. iii. p. 1043 ; Appun, Unter den Tropeii, ii. p. 594.
T. Ankersii, Parker; R. Schonib. loc. tit. ; Appun, loc. tit.

Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 009.

British Guiana: in the forest just below the Kaieteur Fall, Potaro River ; Amutu,
Potaro River; Tumbana-Capra ; also in St. Vincent, Trinidad, Guatemala, French
Guiana, Venezuela, New Granada, and Brazil.

19. Trichomanes pyxidieerum, Linn., var. emarginatum, Hook, et Baker, Syn.
Fil. p. 81.

Mazaruni, between 250 and 3000 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 599.

British Guiana: upper slopes of Roraima; also iu the Andes of Quito. The type
occurs throughout the tropics of both hemispheres.

20. Trichomanes radicans, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1736.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McCotmell 8f Quelch, 612.

Extending from the Southern United States, through Central America and the West
Indies, to Southern Brazil and Bolivia; also in Western Europe, Atlantic Islands,
West Africa, Mascarene Islands, Northern India, China, Japan, and Polynesia.

21. Trichomanes roraimense, Jemn. in Gard. Chron. Ser. III. xx. (1896), p. 716.
Summit of Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell A' Quelch, 108, 561.

22. Trichomanes crispum, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2. p. 1560; Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc.

Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 289.
Roraima : upper slopes, McConnell ty Quelch, 63 ; Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell
8f Quelch, 616.

SO EEPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

British Guiana : Essequibo River ; Berbice (coast) ; Corentyne River ; forests near
Kaieteur Savannah ; Kaieteur Ravine ; also West Indies, Central America, French
Guiana. Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador. Bern. Bolivia, Paraguay, throughout Brazil,
and West Tropical Africa.

23. Trichoma nes pinnattjm, Sw. Syn. Pil. p. 142. Neurophyllum pinnatum, Presl;

B. Schomb. Reisen in Brit. -Guiana, iii. p. 1044.

Mazaruni, between 250 and 3000 ft., McConnell A Quelch, 585; Boraiina range,
3500 ft., McCormell 8f Quelch, 014.

British Guiana : Potaro River, below the Kaieteur Fall ; Kanaku Mountains ; Karawanu
Mountains; Corentyne Biver ; Berbice; also in the West Indies, Guatemala, French
Guiana, Venezuela, New Granada, Peru, Northern Brazil, and Chili.

24. Tkichomanes Prieurii, Kunze, Analect. Pterid. p. IS ; B. Schomb. Reisen in

Brit. -Guiana, ii. p. 272, iii. p. 1013. T. rigidum, Appun, Unter den Tropen. ii.
p. 501.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell A Quelch, 613.

British Guiana: Kaieteur Ravine; Potaro River, below the Kaieteur Fall; also in
the West Indies, French Guiana, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, and Brazil from
the Amazon region southward to Santa Catherina.

25. Tkichomanes gemmattjm, J. Sm. in nook. Journ. Bot. iii. (1811), p. 117. T. cellu-

losum, Klotzsch in Linnsea, xviii. (1844), p. 531 ; B. Schomb. Beisen in Brit.-
Guiana, ii. p. 272, iii. p. 10 l-'l.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell A Quelch, 608.

British Guiana: Kanaku Mountains ; Amutu, Potaro Biver; Pacatout, below the
Kaieteur Fall, Potaro River; also in Venezuela, Northern Brazil, Polynesia, the Philip-
pines, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula.

26. Linusaya DUBIA, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. p. 70 ; B. Scliomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana,

iii. p. 1018.
Mazaruni. between 250 and 3000 ft., McConnell A Quelch, 593.

British Guiana: Roraima; Pacatout, below the Kaieteur Fall, Potaro River ; Amutu,
Potaro River; also in French Guiana.

27. Lindsaya trapeziformis, Dryand. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. (1797), p. 12, var.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 617.

Intermediate between var. laxa, Baker, and var. arcuata, Baker (in Mart. Fl. Bras. i.
II. p. 355). The type is widely diffused in Tropical America, Asia, and Australia.

25. Lindsaya stricta, Dryand. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. (1797), p. 42 ; im Thurn and
Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), pp. 269, 290.
Roraima : upper slopes, McConnell A Qui Ich, 55, 62, 76 ; summit. SUOO ft., McConnell
A Quelch. 197, 557.

MOUNT KOKAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 81

British Guiana: Kaieteur Savannah; Head of Iteribisci Lake; also in the West
Indies, Central America. French Guiana, Venezuela, .New Granada, Peru, Bolivia, and
throughout Brazil.

29. Pteris aquilina, Linn., var. caudata, Hook. Sp. Fil. ii. p. 196; im Thurn, in

Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 200.
Summit of Boraima, 8600 It., McDonnell 8f Queleh, 553.

Humirida Mountains; Florida, West Indies, Central America, Venezuela, Brazil,
China, Malay Peninsula, and East Africa. The type is cosmopolitan.

30. Pteris palmata. Wit Id. Sp. PI. v. p. 357.

Kanuku Mountains, 1000 ft., McConnell 8f Queleh, 273.

British Guiana: Rupununi and Watu Ticaba; also in the West Indies. Central
America, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, and New Guinea.

31. Pteris incisa, Thuuh. El. Cap. ed. Schult. p. 733; Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc.

Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 290.

Roraima : upper slopes, McConnell 8f Queleh, 75.

Also at the bottom of the cliff, Roraima. West Indies, Central America, Venezuela.
New Granada, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, South Brazil, Juan Fernandez, Chiloe,
Polynesia, Himalaya, Formosa, Ceylon, Tasmania, Mascarene Islands, South Africa,
and "West Tropical Africa.

32. Lomaria procera, Spreng. Syst, Veg. iv. p. 05 ; Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II.
Bot. ii. (1887), p. 290.

Summit of Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell fy Queleh, 121, 500.

Throughout Tropical America from the West Indies and Mexico to Chili ; also in
Polynesia, Malaya, New Zealand, Tasmania, Southern Australia, Mascarene Islands, and
South Africa.

33. Lomaria Boryana, Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 292 ; Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II.
ii. (1887), p. 290. Lomwia Schomburgkii, Klotzsch, in R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-
Guiana, ii. p. 272, iii. p. 1050, and in Linnsea, xx. (1SL0), p. 310; Appun, Unter
den Tropen, ii. p. 594.

Summit of Roraima, 8000 ft.. McConnell §r Queleh, 121.

West Indies, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador. Bolivia, South Brazil, Chili,
Patagonia, Tristan d'Acunha. Tropical and South Africa, and the Mascarene Islands.

31. Asplenium serratuai, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 1, p. 1078.

Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell 8f Queleh, 001.

British Guiana : Berbice ; Kuyuni Creek ; Oreala ; also in Florida, West Indies,
Central America, French Guiana, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, Galapago-
Islands. Peru, Bolivia. Paraguay, Brazil, and the Society Islands.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. VI. M

82 EEPOET ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS ITiOM

35. Aspeenium ltjnulatum, Sw., var. ekectum, Baker, iii Mart. Fl. Bras. i. II. p. 135

Oliver, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 290. A. harpeodes, Kimze, in
Linntea, xviii. (1844), p. 329 ; R. Schoinb. lleisen in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 1051 ;
Appun, TJnter den Tropen, ii. p. 595.
Upper slopes of Boraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 45.

West Indies, Central America, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia,
Argentine, Paraguay, Brazil, New Caledonia, India, Mascarene Islands, Tropical Africa,
South Africa, and the Atlantic Islands.

36. Asplenitjm serra, Langsd. et Fiseh. PL Voy. Russes, i. p. 16, t. 19 ; 11. Schomh.

Beisen in Brit.-Guiana, ii. p. 272, iii. p. 1051 ; Appun, Unter den Tropen, ii.
p. 595.
Summit of Boraima, 8600 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 623.

British Guiana: Kwating Creek ; also in Brazil, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador,
Peru. New Caledonia, Tropical and South Africa, and the Mascarene Islands.

37. Aspleniitm attrittjm, Sw. PI. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1616; li. Schomh. Beisen in Brit.-

Guiana, ii. p. 272, iii. p. 1051.
Boraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 607.

West Indies, Central America, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, Galapagos Islands,
Peru. Bolivia, Brazil, South India, Madagascar, and East Tropical Africa.

38. ASPIDITJM IMENISCIOIDES, Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 218.
Boraima range, 3500 ft,, McConnell Sf Quelch, 618.

British Guiana : Mazaruni Bush ; Potaro River ; Kabalebo River; Berhice ; Essequiho
River; also in Trinidad, French Guiana, Brazil, and Pern.

39. Nepurodium contermintjm, Desv. in Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. (1827), p. 255;

Baker, in Trans. linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 290.
Summit of Boraima, 8600 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 627.

British Guiana: upper slopes of Boraima ; also in Florida, West Indies, Central
America, and South America southward to Chili and the Argentine.
This form has the ultimate segments more obtuse than the type.

10. Nephrodium denticulatum, Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. p. 1 17 ; Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 290.

Summit of Boraima, 8(500 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 622.

Boraima : on the upper slopes and near the base of the cliff ; also in the West Indies,
Central America, Venezuela, New Granada, and Brazil.

41. Polypodium (§ Gkammitis) Connellii, Baker, n. sp. ; ad P. grammeum, Sw, accedit ;
differt frondibus glabris longiorihus margine revolutis, soris baud contiguis regulariter
biseriatis.
A densely ca>spitose herb. Rhizome scarcely creeping; palese lanceolate, hrown,

MOUNT ROEAIMA IN BEITISH GUIANA. 83

membranous. Frond linear, simple, entire, 3-4 in. Long, 1-1', lin. wide, rigidly
coriaceous, glabrous, gradually contracted into a very short, but distinct, stipe; veins
immersed, concealed. Sori oblong, superficial, parallel with the midrib, often confluent.
Summit of Boraima, *C><><> ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 111, 118, 570.

42. Polypodium marginblltjm, Sw. El. lnd. Occ. iii. p. 1031 ; Baker, in Trans. Linn.
Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 291. Mecosorus marginellus, var. major, Klotzscb ;
R. Schomb. Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 1054.

Roraima: upper slope. McConnell 8f Quelch, 51; summit, SOOO ft., McCounr/l 8f
Quelch, 117, 119, 508.

West Indies, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil, Samoa, and St. Helena.

Swartz (Fl. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1031) says this species has '• venis bifidis"; subsecpient
authors describe the veins as simple, which is the case in all the specimens at Kevv.

43. Polypodium leptopodox, C. H. Wright, n. sp. ; ad P. marginellwm, Sw. accedit ;

differt fronde membranacea, marginibus ciliatis, venis unifurcatis, stipite elongato
tenui piloso.
Rhizome shortly creeping, 2 lin. in diam., with brown lanceolate scales near the apex.
Frond oblanceolate, obtuse, up to 2 in. long by 3 lin. broad, glabrous except for a few cilia
on the margin when young, edged with a black line ; veins once forked, conspicuous ;
sori few, near the apex of the frond, often confluent ; stipe up to 2^ in. long, slender,
pilose.

Summit of Roraima, 8000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 509.

44. Polypodium furcatum, Mett. in Abhandl. Senck. naturf. (ies. ii. (1858), p. 34;
Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 291.

Mazaruni, 250 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 570; between 250 and 3000 ft., McConnell Sf
Quelch, 584.

British Guiana : upper slope of Roraima ; below and above the Kaieteur, Potaro
River ; also in French Guiana, North Brazil, and the Island of Grenada.

45. Polypodium serrulatum, Mett. Fil. Hort, Bot. Lips. p. 30 ; Baker, in Trans. Linn.

Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1N87), p. 291. Xiphoi>leris serrulata, Kaulf. ; R. Schomb.
Reisen in Brit.-Guiana, ii. p. 272, iii. p. 1050.
Mazaruni, between 250 and 3000 ft., McConnell fy Quelch, 592.

British Guiana : upper slopes of Roraima ; also in the West Indies, Central America,
Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil. Sandwich Islands, Mascarene
Islands, and West Tropical Africa.

Var. strictissimum, Hook. Sp. Fil. iv. p. 175.

Summit of Roraima, 8000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 555.
Ecuador.

m2

84 EEPORT OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

16. Polypodium tovarense, Klotzscb, in Linnsea, xx. (1846), p. 374; Baker, in Trans.

Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 291.
Roraima: upper slopes, McConnell Sf Quelch, 67.
Venezuela, New Granada, and Ecuador.

17. Polypodium moniliforme, Lag. in Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 33 ; Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 291.

Roraima: upper slopes, McConnell S' Quelch, 47, d^; summit, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f
Quelch, 558

West Indies, Central America, Andes of New Granada, Ecuador, and Bolivia.

18. Polypodium Hartii, Jenm. in Journ. Bot. xxiv. (1886), p. 272.
Mazaruni, between 250 and 3000 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 591.
Jamaica, Dominica, and Island of Grenada.

19. Polypodium trichomanoides, Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. p. 131; 11. Sckomb. Reisen

in Brit. -Guiana, iii. p. 1052 ; Appun, Unter den Tropen. ii. p. 595; Baker, in

Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 291.

lloraima: upper slopes, McConnell 8f Quelch, 49; Mazaruni, McConnell Sf Quelch, 575.

British Guiana : Kaieteur Ravine and Savannah ; also in the West Indies, Central

America, Erench Guiana, Brazil (Prov. Bahia), Ecuador, Peru, Juan Eernandez,

Ascension Island, Northern India, and East Tropical Africa.

50. Polypodium cultratum, Willd. Sp. PL v. p. 187 ; R. Schomb. Beisen in Brit.-Guiaua,
ii. p. 272, iii. p. 1052 ; Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 292.

Roraima: upper slopes, McConnell Sf Quelch, 54, 56, 71.

British Guiana : Kaicteur Savannah ; also in the West Indies, Central America,
Venezuela, New Granada, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, West Tropical Africa, and the Mascarene
Islands.

51. Polypodium xanthotrichium, Klotzscb, in Linnaea, xx. (1846), p. 376; Baker, in

Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 292.
Roraima: upper slopes, McConnell Sf Quelch, (51, 68.
Endemic.

52. Polypodium capillare, Desv. in Berl. Ges. naturf. Ereunde, Mag. v. (1811), p. 316;

Baker in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 292.
Roraima: upper slopes, McConnell Sf Quelch, 53, 58.

British Guiana: in woods near the Kaieteur Savannah; also in the West Indies,
Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.

53. Polypodium Kalbreyeri, Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 291.
Roraima: upper slopes, McConnell Sf Quelch, 65, 72.
New Granada.

MOUNT BOBAIM4 EN BBITISH GUIANA. 85

54 POLYPODITJM BIGESCBNS, Bory, in Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 183; Baker, in Trans. Linn.
Soc. Ser. II. Hot. ii. (1887), p. 292.

Boraima: upper slopes, McConnell Sf Quelch, is, 70; summit, S(i00 ft., McCotmell Sf
Quelch, 559.

British Guiana : Kwating Creek ; also in the West Indies, Venezuela, New Granada,
Ecuador. Peru, Brazil, Solomon Islands, Mascarene Islands, and Tropical Africa.

55. Poi/TPODIUM BLASTICDM, Bory, in Willd. Sp. PI. v. p. 183.

Makarapan Mt. on the north of Kwaimatta, 2000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 278.
British Guiana : Kwating Greek ; Berbice; also in Florida, the West Indies, Central
America, New Granada, Ecuador, Peru. Bolivia, Paraguay, and Brazil.

56. Polypodittm meridensk, Klotzsch. in Linnaea, xx. (1846), p. 380.
Summit of Boraima, 8600 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 198, 499, 560.
Venezuela, New Granada, South Brazil.

7. Polypodium incanum, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 35.

Kanaku Mts., 500 ft., McConnell A- (JnelcL 271.

British Guiana: Savannah Bush; Rupununi; Corentyne River; also in the
Southern United States, West Indies, Central America, French. Guiana, Venezuela, New
Granada, Peim, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chili, South Africa, and the Zambesi.

58. Polypodj [TM crassifolium, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 1, p. 1083; R. Schomb. Beisen in
Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 1053 ; Appivn, Unter den Tropen, ii. p. 595.

Boraima range, 3500 i't., McConnell Sf Quelch, 603.

West Indies, Central America, French Guiana, Surinam, Venezuela, New Granada,
Ecuador, Galapagos Islands, Peru. Bolivia, Brazil.

59. Gymnogramme cyclophyela, Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887),
p. 293, t. 53.

Summit of Boraima, 8600 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 116, 120, 567.
Endemic.

60. Gymnogramme elaphoglossoides, Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii.

(1887), p. 293, t. 51,
Summit of Boraima, 8600 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 112, 554.
Endemic.

61. Gymnogramme pumila, A. Spreng. Tent. Suppl. ad Syst. Veg. p. 31 ; B. Schomb.

Beisen in Brit.-Guiana, iii. p. 1054.
Mazaruni, 250 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 491.

British Guiana: Rupununi River; also in the West Indies, Central America, New-
Granada, and Brazil.

86 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

62. Gymnogramme flexuosa, Desv. in Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii. (1827), p. 215';

Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot, ii. (1887), p. 293.
Roraima: upper slopes, McConnell 8f Quelch, 59; summit, H600 ft.. McCouuell Sf
Quelch, 629.

Central America, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil.

63. Acrostichum simplex, S\v., var. maktinicense, Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 1,

p. 400.
Mazaruni, between 250 and 3000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 581.

British Guiana: Essequibo River and on the coast; also in the West Indies, New
Granada, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil.

64. Acrostichum conforme, Sw. Syn. Eil. pp. 10, 192, t. 1. tig. 1.
Mazaruni, 250 ft., McConvell 8f Quelch, 577.

British Guiana : Essequibo Biver and on the coast ; also in the West Indies, Central
America, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, Peru, Chili, Brazil, Polynesia, Queensland,
India, Mascarene Islands, Tropical and South Africa.

The form of this polymorphic species represented in this collection has been named
Acrostichum, alatum, Eee (Mem. Earn. Eouger. ii. p. 35. t. 5. fig. 2).

05. Acrostichum latifolilm, Sw. Fl. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1589 ; Baker, in Trans. Linn.
Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 294.

Summit of Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 571.

British Guiana: upper slopes of Roraima; Asabaru Creek; Sheenabowa and
Kaieteur Ravine, Potaro River ; Demerara River and on the coast ; also throughout
the AVest Indies and Tropical America, and widely diffused in Polynesia, Java, Mascarene
Islands, Tropical and South Africa.

66. Acrostichum squamosum, Sw. in Schrad. Journ. Bot. iv. (1800), p. 11 ; Baker, in

Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 295.

Roraima : upper slopes, McConnell 8f Quelch, 57.

British Guiana : Kaieteur Savannah and Essequibo River ; also in the West Indies,
Central America, Venezuela. Ecuador, Brazil, Sandwich Islands, Ceylon, South India,
Mascarene Islands, Tropical Africa, and the Atlantic Islands.

67. Acrostichum decoratum, Kunze, in Linnsea, ix. (1 834), p. 25 ; Baker, in Trans.
Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 294.

Roraima range, 3500 ft,, McConnell 8f Quelch, 602.
West Indies, Peru, and South Brazil.

68. Acrostichum peltatum, Sw. El. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1593 ; Appun, Unter den Tropen,
ii. p. 595 ; Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 295.

Roraima : upper slopes, McConnell ty Quelch, 61 ; Mazaruni, between 250 and 3000 ft.,
McConnell 8f Quelch, 582.

West Indies, Central America, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, and Brazil.

MOUNT ROBAIMA I.N BRITISH (Ml ANA. 87

(59. Ackostichum oijcAKciiTcuM, Baker, iii Hook, ot Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 1, p. 41s.
Roraima range, 3500 II.. McCotmell 8f Quelch, 600.
North Peru.

70. Sciiiz.ioA eluminensis, Miers, in Mart. Fl. Bras. i. pars n. p. 184, t. 15. fig. 2.
Mazanini, between 250 and :}000 fl., McCotmell §r Quelch, 580.

British Guiana : Kukenaam, and woods at the side of the Kaietcur Savannah; also in
Venezuela and Brazil.

71. Sciiiz^ea elegans, Sw. Syn. Fil. ]>. 151; Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot.

ii. (1887), p. 295.

Mazaruni, between 250 and 3000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 589.

British Guiana: Essequibo River; Epiro Creek, Corentyne River; Demerara River,
and on the coast; also in the West Indies, Central America, Surinam, Venezuela, New
Granada, and Brazil.

72. Schiz.ea penntjla, Sw. Syn. Fil. pp. 150, 379. Actlnostachys penmtla, Hook. ;

R. Schorab. Reisen in Brit. -Guiana, iii. p. 1045.
Mazaruni, between 250 and 3000 ft., McConnell Sr Quelch, 588.

British Guiana : Roraima ; Kukuya Creek ; Kaieteur Savannah ; Serra Mey and
Demerara River; also in the West Indies, Surinam, Brazil, and New Caledonia.

73. Anemia tomentosa, Sw. Syn. Fil. p. 157 ; Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II.

Bot. ii. (1887), p. 295.
Kanuku Mountains, 1000 ft., McCotmell 8f Quelch, 272, 274.

Var. FUliVA, Hook, et Baker, Syn. Fil. ed. 1, p. 133.

Ireng Valley, McCotmell 8f Quelch, 201.

British Guiana : Roraima and Rupununi ; also in the West Indies, Central America,
Venezuela, New Granada, Peru, Paraguay, Brazil, and Uruguay.

74. LYCOPODIUM alopecuroidks, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2, p. 15(55; Baker, in Trans. Linn.

Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 295 ; Jenman, in Timehri, v. (1886), p. 44.
Roraima: upper slopes, McConnell 8f Quelch, 60.
Southern United States, Venezuela, New Granada, Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, and Uruguay.

75. Lycopodium ceknuum, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2, p. 15(56: Jenman, in Timehri, v. (1886)

p. 15.
Ireng Valley, McConnell 8f Quelch, 206.

British Guiana: Corentyne, Pomeroon and Macouria Rivers and at Berbice; also
throughout the tropics and extending a short distance on either side.

76. Lycopodium contiguum, Klotzsch, in Linnaea, xviii. (1844), p. 519.
Summit of Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 572.

Higher parts of the Andes in Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador, and Bolivia.

88 KEPOKT OS TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

77- Lycopomum clavatum, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2, p. 1564; Jenman, in Timehri, v. (1886),
p. 44.

Rorairua range, 3500 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch. 707.

Arctic and alpine zones of both hemispheres, also on the mountains throughout the
tropics.

78. Lycopodium carolinianum, Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 2, p. 1567 ; Jenman, in Timehri, v.

(1886), p. 43.

Roraima : upper slopes, Mc Council Sf Quelch, 52.

British Guiana : Kaieteur Savannah ; Corentyne River ; Kako Creek ; Demerara ;
also in Florida, Guadeloupe, Brazil, Paraguay, Hongkong, Ceylon, Mascarene Islands,
and South Africa.

79. Selaginella vernicosa. Baker, in Trans. Linn. Soc. Ser. II. Bot. ii. (1887), p. 295,
t. 56. f. A.

Summit of Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 574, ex parte.
Also found by im Thurn at the hase of the cliff.

Var. oligoclada, Baker, I. c. fig. B.

Summit of Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 574, ex parte.

80. Selaginella flabellata, Spring, Monogr. Lycopod. p. 174.
Essequibo River, McConnell Sf Quelch, 115.

British Guiana : foot of the Kaieteur. Tropics and subtropics of America, Asia, and
Polynesia.

81. Selaginella anceps, A. Br. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. V. in. (1865), p. 278.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 706.

British Guiana : Potaro River ; also in Guatemala, Venezuela, New Granada, Ecuador,
and Peru.

III. BRY0FHYTA.
MUSCI by V. P. Brotherus, Ph.l).
DICRANACE^].

DlCRANL'M LONGISETUM, Hook. MuSC. Exot. t. 13!).

Mount Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 343.

Eound in the mountains of Venezuela, New Granada, and Quito.

Var. laxifolium, Broth, n. var. Eolia laxius disposita, apice argutius serrulata.
Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McComiell A Quelch, 344.

MOUNT KOKAIMA IN BEITISH GUIANA. 8$

DlCKANODONTIUM lM'l^CIl KO-A l-A KIO, Brotb., 11. sp. Dioicu in , ea'Spitosilll), cmspitibus
dcnsiusculis lutescentibus nitidis; caulis 8 cm., sterilis usque ad 12 cm. altus,
arcuato-flexuosus, fusco-tonicntosus, densiuscule i'oliosus, sajpe innovationibus
elongatis gracilibus. Folia falcata, canaliculato-concava, e basi lanceolata longe
subulata, usque ad 1 cm. longa, superne dense et argute serrulata, nervo basi folii
latitudinis tertiam partem vel paulum ultra occupante et superne dorso serrulato
ibidemque folium totum occupante ; ccllulso superiores angusta? ; basilares ad
uervum laxse, rectangulares, hyalinse ; exteriores angustissimae, limbum multi-
seriatum efformantes; alares in ventrem magnum fugacem disposhaa, la\;r,
tenerac, fuscae. Bractece perichcetii interna; e basi vagiuante sUbito in subulam
integram attenuatse, cellulis omnibus elongatis angustis tcneris. Seta 25 cm.
alta, tenuis, serpentino-nexuosula, lutea, apicc cygnea, rubra. Theca sicca erecta,
plicata, bumida ob setam apice cygneam borizontalis, tevis, oblonga, c. 2"5 mm. alta,
leptodermis, t'uscidula. Poistomium simplex ; exostomii dentes 10, aurantiaci,
c. 037 mm. longi et c. 0'075 mm. lati, usque ad basin in cruribus duobus nMifonni-
bus inaequalibus articulatis dense papillosis divisi ; spori 0*017 mm., f usci, papillosi.
Cat em ignota.

Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft,, McCunnell Sf Quelch, 345, 346.

Endemic.

Campylopus chionophilus, Mitt, in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xii. (1869), p. 81.
Dicranwm chionophilum, C. Muell. Syn. i. 398.
Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McCormell $f Quelch, 342.
Pound in tbe mountains of New Granada.

Campylopus Roraim/E, Brotb., n. sp. Dioicus, caespitosus, caespitibus densis nigrescentibus
superne lutescentibus etiamque nitidiusculis ; caulis Bid 3 cm. usque altus, tomentosus,
dense et per totam longitudinem aequaliter foliosus, ramosus. Folia, bomomallula,
erecto-patenlia, canaliculato-concava, e basi oblongo-lanceolata, breviter subulata.
c. 5 mm. longa et c. 075 mm. lata, marginibus summo apice serratis, nervo basi
dimidiam partem folii latitudinis occupante, lamina usque ad apicem folii distincta ;
cellulae basilares subrectangulares, inter se poroses, marginem versus angustiores,
dein rbomboideie ; superiores rbonibeae, incrassatae ; alares numerosae, subquadratae,
rubra.', basin totam occupantes. Ccetera ignota.

Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft, McCormell Sf Quelch, 347.

Endemic.

Species C. concolori, Brid. affinis, sed foliis multo brevioribus primo visu digno-
scenda.

Campylopus atratus, Brotb., n. sp. Dioicus, robustus, ater, apicc lutescens, uiti-
diusculus. Caulis 10 cm. altus, erectus, baud tomentosus, dense et per totam
longitudinem aequaliter foliosus, parce ramosus ; folia sicca suberecta, bumida
recurvulo-patentia, canaliculato-concava, superne tubulosa, e basi lanceolata longe
et anguste subulata, pilo stricto tenui byalino longiusculo serrato termiuata,

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. VI. K

90 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

c. 10 mm. longa etc. l'l mm. lata, marginibus integris superne conniventibus, nervo
basi tertiam partem f'olii latitudinis occupaute, lamina usque ad apicem I'olii distincta ;
cellulse elongatae, angustse, marginem versus incrassatse, lumine angustissimo,
limbiun inferne latiusculum hyalinuni superne teuuiorem, ultra medium evanidum
efformantes, alares numerosae, subquadratae, rubrae, in ventrem distinctum dispositae.
Ccetera ignota.

Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell §r Quelch, 527.

Endemic.

Species cum Campylopode griseo, Hornscb., comparanda, sed statura multo robustiore,
foliis strictipilis, integris, tubulosis, limbatis facillime dignoscenda.

LEUCOBRYACEM

Leucobryum megalophyllum, Mitt, in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xii. (1*69), ]>. 112.

Dicrauum megalophyllum, Raddi, Critt. Bras. p. 3. Leucobryum giganteum, C. Muell.

Syn. i. p. 79, ii. p. 530. Leucobryum robustum, Sull. in Proc. Amer. Acad. (1861),

p. 279.
Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 351 (forma).
Eound in Cuba, Jamaica, Trinidad, Barbados, New Granada, Venezuela, and Brazil.

Leucobryum crispum, C. Muell. Syn. i. p. 78.

Roraima range at 3500 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 546.

Found in tbe West-Indian Islands, Venezuela, Now Granada, and Brazil.

Leucobryum ljevifolium, Brotb. Dioicum, robustiusculum, caespitosum, ciespitibus
mollibus dilabentibus lutescenti-albidis oetate fuscescentibus nitidis ; caulis usque
ad 6 cm. altus, erectus, dense foliosus, plcrumque fasciculatim ramosus, ramis
fastigiatis. Folia sicca et hutnida suberecta, stricta vel rarius bomomallula,
canaliculato-concava, e basi oblongo-lanceolata sensim acuminata, acuta, 5-6 mm.
longa et c. 006 mm. lata, dorso sicca et bumida lsevissima, marginibus superne
involutaceis integerrimis, limbata, limbo byalino, inferne e seriebus cellularum
7-8 formato, superne angustiore, apice ol)soleto. lamina e stratis cellularum ;equalium
duobus composita. Ccetera ignota.
Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft,, McConnell 8f Quelch, 505, 530.
Species L. Martiauo, Hampe, afnnis, sed statura robustiore, nitore foliisque strictis,

raro indistincte bomomallulis oculo nudo jam dignoscenda.

Octoblepharum MixTENii, Jaeg. Adumbr. i. p. 169. Octoblepharum longifolium, Mitt,
in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xii. (1869), p. 110.
Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 517.
Found in Brazil.

TORTULACEyE.
Leptodontium cirrhifolium, Mitt, in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xii. (1869), p. 52.
Summit of Mount Roraima, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 511.
Found in the mountains of Quito.

.MOUNT Koiv'AI.MA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 1)1

GRIMM lACEiE.

Macromitrium mtjcronifolitjm, Schwaegr. Suppl. ii. II. i. |>. 167, I. 172.
Roraima range, 8500 ft.. McConnell A- Quelch, 544.
Found in Florida, in the West- Indian islands, Guiana, Surinam, and Brazil.

Zygodon SUBDENTICUIATUS, llampe, Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. V. iv. (1863 (57), p. 320.
Summit of Mount Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 510.
Found in New Granada.

FUNARIACEzE.
FuNAuiA calvescens, Schwaegr. Suppl. i. II. p. 77, t. 65.

Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell §r Quelch, 33S.

Found in South Europe and in the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa,
America, and Australia.

BARTRAMIACE.E.

Beeutelia scoparia, Besch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. VI. iii. (1870), p. 209. Bartramia
scoparia, Schwaegr. Suppl. iii. I. 1. t. 211.
Summit of Mount Roraima, 8000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 514.
Found in the West-Indian Islands.

MNIACE.E.

Rhizogomim Lindigii, Mitt, in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xii. (I860), p. 328. Milium
IAndigii, Hampe, in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. V. iv. (1863-67), p. 345.
Summit of Mount Boraima, 8600 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 502, 537.
Found in Costa Rica and in the mountains of New Granada.

Mnium rostratum, Schrad. in Linn. Syst. Nat. 13 ed. Gmel. ii. pars 11. p. 1330.
Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell A> Quelch, 339.
Found in all parts of the world.

NECKERACE^l.

Rhacocaupls Humboldtii, Lindb. in Ofvers. Svensk. Vet.-Ak. Fork. (1862). Har-
risonia Humboldtii, Spreng. Syst. Veg. iv. 1. p. 145.

Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell $• Quelch, 336, and summit of
Mount Roraima, 519, 534 (var. fusco-viridis).

Found in the mountains of New Granada.

PlLOTiuCHi ji bipinnatum, Brid. Bryol. Univ. ii. p. 283.

Roraima range, 3500 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 548.

Found in the West-Indian Islands, in Guiana, Brazil, and in the mountains of Quito
and Peru.

N2

92 BEPOET ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FEOM

HOOKER I ACE.E.

Hookeria (§ Hylotapis) pilotrichelloides, Broth., u. sp. Robust iuscula, mollis, i'usco-
aurea, nitida; caulis usque ad 15 cm. lougus, tiexuosus, complanatulus, dense
foliosus, per totam longitudineni pinnatim ramosus, ramis vix ultra 1 cm. longis
patentibus strictis vel arcuatulis eomplanatulis dense foliosis obtusis. Folia
sicca inibricata, humida subei'ecta, eynibiformi-concava, oblonga vel ovato-oblonga,
in apiculum acutum, recurvulum subito contracta, marginibus inferne revolutis,
integerrimis vel apice minutissime crenulatis, nervis binis elongatis vix divergen-
tibus longe infra apicem evanidis dorso kevibus ; cellular angustissime lineares,
seriatim papillose ; basilares laeves ; infinue laxre, breves, fusco-aurea?. Cwtera
ignota.

Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McCownell 8f Quelch, 337.

Endemic.

Species pulcberrima, mollitie necnon caule longissimo PilotrlchelUs nonnullis similis,
cum nulla alia comrnutanda.

Hookeria (§ Omaliadelphus) Roeaim^:, Brotb., n. sp. Dioica, robusta, lutescenti-
viridis, setate fusco-aurea, nitida ; caulis usque ad 20 cm. longus, complanatulus,
dense foliosus, dense pinnatim ramosus, ramis patulis, 1-1'5 cm. longis, strictis,
eomplanatulis, dense foliosis, obtusis ; folia sicca laxe inibricata, valde undulata,
humida erecto-patentia, concaviuscula ; lateralia oblongo-lanccolata, breviter acurni-
uata, acutiuscula, marginibus inferne revolutis dein erectis minute serrulatis,
nervis binis tenuibus parce divergentibus infra apicem evanidis dorso superne
denticulatis ; cellulse elongatse, angustissime lineares ; basilares mfiniae laxae,
fusco-aurea3, omnes hevissimae; bractece perichcetii internee e basi ovata sensim
subulatse, minute deuticulatae, enerves ; seta 1*5 cm. vel paulum ultra alta, sat
tenuis, rubra, lrevissima ; theca horizontalis, e collo brevi ovalis, sicca deojierculata
sub ore baud constricta, fusca ; peristomvum duplex ; exostomii dentes e basi lanceo-
lata longissime subulati, e. 095 mm. longi et c. 014 mm. lati, latiuscule exarati,
dense et alto lamellati, aurantiaci • endostomium, sordide luteum, minute papillosum ;
processus carinati, vix perforati ; operculum longe et anguste subulatum ; calyptra
ad medium thecal producta, basi multifida, apice fusca, glabra.

Roraima range, 3500 ft., JlcConnell Sf Quelch, 490, 550.

Endemic.

Species pulcherrinia, statura robusta ab omnibus speciebus sectionis oculo nudo jam
dignoscenda.

STEREODONTACEJ5.

Ectropothecium amabile, Mitt, in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xii. (1869), p. 514.

Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7800-8000 ft., McComiell 8f Quelch, 341, and summit of Mount
Roraima, 8600 ft., 516, 512.

Eound in the mountains of New Granada.

MOUNT KOKAIAI A IX BRITISH OUJANA. 93

Ctenidium malacodes, Mitt, in Journ. Linn. Soo. Hot. xii. (1869), p. 509.
Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 340.
Found in the mountains of New Granada and Quito.

LtiSKUACE/E.

TuuiniUM A NULL ARUM, Bcsch. in Ann. Sc. Nat, St r. VI. iii. (1876), p. 244.
Roraima range, 3500 ft., McGonnell Sf Quelch, 5t9.
Found in Costa Rica and the West- Indian Islands.

Thuidium pseudo-protensum, Mitt, in Journ. Linn. Soc, Bot. xii. (1869), p. 578.
Hypnum pseudo-protensum, C. Muell. in Bot. Zeit. vi. (181S), col. 779.
Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 348.
Found in Vene/aiela.

SPHAGNACE^].

Sphagnum sanguinale, Warnst. in Bot. Centralbl. lxxvi. (1898), p. 385.

Mount Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 350, 541 in part.
Endemic.

Sphagnum medium, Limpr. in Bot. Centralbl. vii. (1881), p. 313.

Mount Iloraima, Ledge, 7500-8500 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 319, 511 in part.
Found in Europe and in America from Labrador to Patagonia.

HEPATIC^E. By F. Stephani.

The collection of Liverworts made by Messrs. McConnell and Quelch is a small one,
but is of particular interest from a geographical point of view. Many plants were
found which hitherto had been only observed in the Andes of South America; their
unexpected appearance on the top of Mount Iloraima is quite startling : the curious
Frullania mirabilis, Jack et Steph., is of particular interest, as well as the very rare
and beautiful Pleurozia paradoxa, Jack, both of which up to this time had not been
elsewhere collected.

It is possible that some of these plants may have intermediate stations of which we
are at present ignorant ; but a similar surprising collection was made by Mr. Ule (of
the Botanic Garden of Bio Janeiro) in the Serra do Mar and the Serra Itatiaia, where
Andine forms were collected, though stations forming connecting-links are altogether
missing.

There are also several new species, amongst which Metzgeria inflala is one of the
most curious in the genus, being quite hairless and almost without any rootlets, lying
like a small inflated cylindric pouch amongst other mosses.

As cryptogamic plants, and in particular Liverworts, with few exceptions, have very
small spores and live in sheltered and moist places from where the wind cannot easily

91 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FEOM

carry away the spores, they are a better indication than plnenogamic plants as to the
Flora we must regard as the remnant of another, which, like that of South America,
once covered a wide area, and is now separated by intermediate barren plains or tree-
less Llanos and Pampas of enormous extension where no Liverworts can live.

That the spores are not able to propagate a Liverwort beyond, perhaps, a small area,
no better example can show than the very interesting flora of Killamey, where — doubtless
for many centuries — a few species of Hepaticre of tropical origin have been preserved
without being able to reach the Continent.

The present condition of the literature of Liverworts seldom allows one to make
geographical speculations ; but when my " Species Hepaticarum " is finished, and the
number and relation of known liverworts, as also their distribution, settled, we may
be able to draw conclusions which, I think, will be of value to all who study the
geographical distribution of plants.

The following Liverworts have been collected, viz. : —

A. Anackogyxi,

1. Dumortiera hirsuta, Nees, Hep. Eur. iv. p. 163. Marchcmtia hirsuta, Sw. Prodr.

El. Ind. Occ. p. 145.
Boraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell A'- Quelch, 334/0.
Common in Tropical and Subtropical America, England, Italy, Africa.

2. Aneura Schwaneckei, Steph. in Hedwigia xxvii. (1888), p. 278.
Summit of Boraima, McConnell A'- Quelch, 512.

Eound also in the West-Indian Islands.

3. Aneura algoides, Steph. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vii. (1809), p. 682. Metzgeria algoides,

Taylor, in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. v. (1810), p. 410.
Summit of Roraima, McConnell A- (Quelch, 529.
An Andine plant, collected by Jameson near Quito.

4. Aneura roraimensis, Steph., n. sp. Dioica, minor, pallide olivacea, aliis hepaticis

consociata. From ad 5 mm. longa, exalata, irregulariter bipirmata, ssepe subfasci-
culata. Trnueus primarius angustus, biconvexus, ramis trunco latioribus minus
convexis. Cuticula ubique lamellata, lamellis denticulatis margine bene prominulis.
Cellules frondis interna' corticalibus multo majores, fronde in adspectu itaque
optime reticidata. Rami feminei in trunco solitarii, breves, margine latissime
alati, alis profunde inciso-lobatis, lobis lanceolatis vel ligulatis obtusis, squama
basali similiter lobata ramulum $ a tergo tegente. Reliqua desunt.
A very good and most distinct species, easily to be recognized by the rough cuticula of
the cortical cells.

In the monograph of the genus Aneura (• Species Hepticarum,' p. 736) it is to be placed
after No. 81, Aneura scabra, Steph.

Summit of Boraima, McConnell §f Quelch, 350. Mixed with Micro [iteryg 'turn
pterygophyllum, Spruce.

M()U\T R0RA1MA IN BHITI8H GUIANA. !)5

5. Aneura Breutelii, Steph. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vii. (1899), p. 759.
Summit of Boraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, •")•">.'!.

Collected before by Breutel in the West-Indian Island of st.Kitts.

6. Aneura ftjcoides, Steph. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vii. (1899), p. 680. Jungermwinia

fwsoides, Sw. Prodr. fl. Ind. occ. p. 45.
lloraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 334/6 in part.
Common in Tropical America.

7. Metzgeria inflata, Steph., n. sp. Dioica, spectabilis, lu-cvis, flaccida, pallide

lurida, optime nitida, muscis consociata. From furcata, ad :> cm. longa, omnino
nuda, basi tantum paucis radicellis aflixa. Costa tenuis, cellulis corticalibus utroque
latere biseriatis tecta et in sectione transversa late oralis; cellulae antice et postice
magnue, aequales, internae multo minores triseriatse. Alee apice cucullatse, ubique
maxime irregulariterque revolutae, in sectione transversa valde asymmetrical,
uno latere quadruplo latiores, re vera itaque sinuatim lobatae, lobis bulloso
inflatis ob flexuram tarn en baud discretis. Cellules alarum 36-54 p, parietibus
validis, trigonis parvis. Rem! feminei parvi, fere conduplicati, margine breviter
setosi.
Summit of lloraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 524.

This plant is well adapted to retain the water winch it takes up from the mosses on
which it is growing in rather exposed places on the very summit of the mountain ; it
may be compared to the Tasmanian species M. saccata, Mitt., which prefers to grow on
the uppermost twigs of trees, where it has a similar exposed situation and shows a similar
adaptation to retain the water within the inflated lobes of the thallus.

8. Metzgeria uajiata, Lindb. Monogr. Metzg. p. 25.

Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, :534/4 and 5.
Common in all parts of the globe.

9. Monoclea G-OTTSCHEi, Lindb. in Rev. Bryol. xiii. (1886), p. 102, in adnot.
Roraima, at 3500 ft., McConnell Sr Quelch, 551.

West-Indian Islands and tbe northern part of South America, Chile, Peru.
This plant has been distributed by Gottsche and others under the name of Monoclea
Forsteri, a very different plant and altogether antarctic (New Zealand and Patagonia).

10. Paliavicintus Wallisii, J. B. Jack & Steph. in Hedwigia, xxxi. (1892), p. 23.
Summit of Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 501.

Collected before hy Wallis in the mountains of New Granada near Antioquia,
8000 ft.

96 EEPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FEOM

B. Aceogtnj;.

11. Jamesoniella colorata, Spruce, in Journ. Bot. xvi. (1876), p. 30. Jungermannia
colorata, Lcbm. in Linnsea, iv. (1829), p. 366.

Summit of Boraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 539 in part.
America, Australia, South Africa. Very common.

12. Syztgiella Quelchii, Steph., n. sp. Sterilis magna, fusco-purpurascens, tenera et
flaccida, aliis hepaticis sparsim consociata. Caulis ad 8 cm. longus simplex
(semper?). Folia opposita, conferta, assurgentia, si a lam decurrentem anticatn
excipis oblique falcato-ovata, apice duplo augustiora quam basi, oblique truncata
vel lenissime emarginata, omnino integerrima, angulis solum dentiformibus ;
margine postico valde arcuato, basi folii oppositi brevissime coalito ibidemque
hamatim anriculato, margine antico substricto breviter recurvo, longe decurrente,
folia tamen anticc baud attenuata sed oblique truncata et abrupte desinentia, folio
opposito minime coalita. Cellulce foliorum nodulose incrassatse, nodulis maximis
nusquam confluentibus, multo majores quam in S. manca, Steph.

Boraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft,, McConnell 8f Quelch, 334/11 in part,
A most beautiful and very curious plaut ; the two opposite leaves are quite erect and
touch each other, the stem being perfectly hidden when seen from above. At the
postical base these two leaves are united for a very short space; just above this point
they are rounded off and much projecting, and have a large incurved acuminate
lobule.

13. Syzygiella pereoliata, Spruce, in Trans. Edinb. Bot. Soc. xv.(1885), p. 500, inadnot.
Jungennannia perfoliata, Sw. Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. p. 143.

Summit of Boraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 521 in part.
Found in Venezuela and the West Indies.

14. Plagiochila aerea, Taylor, in Hook. Lond. Joum. Bot. v. (1840), p. 263.
Boraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 334.

Found before in Venezuela and Mexico.

15. Plagiochila gavana, Steph,, n. sp. Dioica, spectabilis, pallide glauco-virens, setate
flavo-virens, effuse caespitans. Caulis ad 10 cm. longus, longe remoteque, pauci-
ramosus, ramis late divergentibus, apice ssepe fasciculacis ubique sequaliter foliatis.
Folia magna, tenera, remotiuscula, basi tantum imbricata, subrectc patula, breviter
inserta, i. e. basi antica et postica fere opposita, breviter decurreutia, ceterum ovato-
oblonga, apice fere triplo angustiora quam basi, margine antico substricta recur va
subintegerrima, margine j)ostico arcuata versus basin ampliata, rotundata ibidemque
cum folio opjjosito ad cristam erectam conniventia, longe spinosa, spinis sub 30
magnis approxiiuatis angustis longe acuminatis recte patulis 7 cellulas longis basi
2-4 cellulas latis. Folii cellulce 34x50^, trigonis majusculis ; basales 34x80^,
parietibus sequaliter inciassatis. Perianthia in eaulc termiualia, geminatim
innovata, foliis parum longiora, plus duplo angustiora quaiu longa, antice late alata,

MOUNT ROKAIMA I.N BRITISH GUIAJS'A. 97

apice recte truncata ut in ala longe spinosa, spinis ut in folio sed magis confertis.

Folia floralia caulinis simillima. Andrcecia in caule tcrininalia, longe spicata,

spicis ad 2 vel 3 subfasciculatis erectis; bracteae ad 1<> ju^ie, e hasi longe saccata

parum recurvo-patulae, apice truncate et paucidenticulatae.
Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 334/!) in part.
In JPlagiochila superba, Wahlenb., the leaf-cells are much larger, the spines very stout,
very much longer and less numerous. Lindenberg says (Monogr. Flag. p. 80) that Sieber
had given him this species as coming from Australia ; but this is a mistake of Sieber,
who had not marked his packets and did not know on his return whence he had
procured the plants ; many errors of the same kind have been previously pointed
out by me.

16. Plagiochila remotifolia, Hampe & Gottsche in Linnsea, xxv. (1852), p. 310.
Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell §r Quelch, 334/3.
Pretty common in the West Indian Islands.

17- Plagiochila rutilans, Lindenb. Spec. Hep. ii. & iii. (Monogr. Hep. Gen. Plag.)
p. 47.
Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 331/2 in part.
Common in Tropical America.

18. Leioscyphus eragilis, J. E. Jack & Steph. in Hedwigia, xxxi. (1892), p. 20.
Summit of Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 524 in part.

Also in New Granada.

19. Lophocolea Breutelii, Gottsche, in Syn. Hep. p. 154.
Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell §r Quelch, 334/14 in part.
Common in the West Indian Islands.

20. Mastigobryum roraimense, Steph., n. sp. Dioica, mediocris, apice dilute flavo-

virens, inferne brunneola, erecta, laxe intricata. Caulis ad 4 cm. longus, repetito
furcatus, postice flagellis numerosis capillaceis instructus. Folia conferta, valde
decurva, in piano subrecte pa tula, oblonga, parum falcata, antice parum ampliata,
caulemque baud superantia, apice triplo angustiora quam basi, acute bideutula sinu
lunato parum profundo vel truncata, angulis acutis. Cellules foliorum magna?,
apice 27 //, trigonis maximis contiguis vel late confluentibus, medio infero multo
majores, 37-56 p, incrassatio parietum grosse trabeculata. Amphigastria caulina
caule triplo fere latiora, imbricata, transverse inserta, late obcuneata, tertio supero
inciso biloba, lobis similiter sed brevius bilobis; cellute amphigastria; caulinis
simillima?, parum minores. Folia floralia quadrijuga, intima caulinis sequilonga,
profundissime bifida, laciniis late lanceolatis, marginibus cxternis crenatis vel
crenato-dentatis, internis subintegerrimis. Amphigastrium florale foliis suis aequale.
Perianthiwm (juvenile) ore longe fimbriatum, ciliis triangulariter articulatis hie
illic ramosis. Reliqua desunt.
Summit of Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 523.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. VI. O

98 REPORT OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

21. Mastigobrytjm dissodontum, Steph. n. nornen; Bazzcmia bidens var. dissodonta.

Spruce, in Trans. Edinb. Bot. Soc. xv. (1885), p. 371.
Summit of Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 532.
Found in Colombia.

22. Mastigobrytjm portoricense, Hampe & Gottsche in Linnsea, xxv. (1852), p. 348.
Roraima at 3500 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, 545.

Common in tbe West Indian Islands and northern South America.

23. Mastigobrytjm vincextinum, Lehm. & Lindenb. Syn. Hep. p. 226.
Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell Sf Quelch, :J34/10, 15, & 16.
Common in the West Indian Islands.

24. Mastigobrytjm Krugiaxum, Steph. in Hedwigia, xwii. (1888), p. 300.
Roraima, Ledge, 7000-8000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 334/14 in part.
Found before in the island of Santo Domingo.

25. Mastigobrytjm gracile, Hampe & Gottsche, in Linnaea, xxv. (1852), p. 346.
Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 334/11 in part.
Known from different places in the West Indian Islands.

26. Micropterygium GRANDiSTiPULUM, Steph., n. sp. SteHlis, minor, dilute brunuea
vel flavo-rufescens, muscicola, valde intricatim c.-espitans. Caulis tenuis, ad 2 cm.
longus, irregulariter ramosus. Folia conferta. dccurvula, semiamplexicaulia, ex
angusta basi ovato-oblonga, longe acuminata, apice abrupte attenuata ibidemque
paucidenticulata vel integerrima. Folii lobulus posticus integerrimus, brevi spatio
(ad j-) carinatim coalitus, folium subinde oblique percurrens, attenuatus, longe sub
folii apice desinens. Cellules foliorum lseves, 8x12 p, basales 8x17 /*, sub-
rectangulatae, maxime aequaliterque incrassatse. AnvpMgastria magna, imbricata,
foliis parurn breviora, transvei'se inserta, plana, integerrima, medio infero fere
eircularia, superne abrupte angustata, lanceolata, acuta.

Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 334/14 in part.

There is not a species of this genus which does not have some of its leaves merely
conduplicate, the wing being entirely wanting; where the latter is developed it is part
of the antical lobe, which can easily be observed if a transverse cut of the leaf is made ;
the same occurs sometimes in Scapania, and is best developed in Schlstochila.

27. Micropterygium pterygophylltjm, Spruce, in Trans. Edinb. Bot. Soc. xv. (1885),

p. 384. Jungermannia pterygophylla, Nees, in Mart. Fl. Bras. vol. i. pars prior,

Algse, Lichenes, Hepaticse, p. 377.
Summit of Roraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 530 in part.
Common in Tropical America.

28. Lepidozia commtjtata, Steph. in Hedwigia, xxvii. (1888), p. 293.
Summit of Roraima, McConnell Sf Quelch, 521.

Very common in the West Indian Islands.

MOUNT ROKAIMA IN BRITISH GUIANA. 99

29. Lepidozia laxkpinnata. Spruce, in Trans. Edinb. Bot. Soc. xv. (1885), p. 360.
Roraima at 3500 ft., McConnell §r Quelch, 552.

An A inline species not found anywhere else before.

30. Schisma junipekinum. Xees, lie]). Eur. iii. p. 575. Jimgermatmia juniperina, Sw.
Veg. Ind. Occ. iii. p. 1855.

Summit of Borairua, McConnell A- Quelch, 522. 528, 5.">K. r):,,<) ; in (he hist associated
to Jo mesoniella colorata, Spruce.
Very common in Tropical America.

31. Schisma pensilis, Steph., n. nomen. Sendtnera pensilis, Taylor, in Hook. Lond.
Journ. Bot, v. (18 ±6), p. 372.

Boraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft.. McConnell fy Quelch, 334 2 in part.
A pretty rare Andine species.

32. Schisma Duranjdii, 8teph., n. sp. Sterilis longissima, gracilis, lurida, lon°-e
lateque stratificata et dense caespitosa. Caulis ad 20 cm. longus, fragilis, simplex,
superne ssepe fasciculatim raruosus, apice breviter circinatus, postice flao-ellifer,
flagellis brevibus approximatis parvifoliis. Folia pro planta parva, triplo longiora
quarn lata, ad f bifida, laciniis lanceolatis apice longe setaceis valde bamatis
valdeque divergentibus. Cuticulo grosse verrucosa. Cellules foliorum subapicales
17 X 25 n, parietibus longioribus et marginalibus trabeculatim incrassatis. Cellube
basales 25 X 70 fx, oblongo-hexagonoe, trigonis magnis saepe trabeculatim contiuen-
tibus. Flagellorum folia multoties minora, ovato-oblonga, laxe accumbentia.
porrecta, ad § bifida, laciniis late lanceolatis vix setaceis.

Boraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McConnell 8f Quelch, 334/2, 334/11 & 334/14, all
in part.

This plant has been found before by Pittier in the higher mountains of Costa Bica.

33. Schisma subdentatum. Steph., n. sp. Sterilis, mediocris, fusco-purpurascens.
optime nitens, densissime depresso-caespitosa. Caulis ad 6 cm. longus, simplex vel
furcatus, furcis divergentibus. Folia confertissima, maxime decurvo-hamata.
angusta, plus 3-plo longiora quam lata, ad | bifida, laciniis parum divergentibus,
longe acuminatis, acutis. Cellullm foliorum subapicales 17x25 p, parietibus
longioribus valde incrassatis ; incrassatio marginalis, praecipue ad augulos cellularwn,
grosse nodulose- vel mbdentatim prominula. Cel/uhe basales folii longe hexa"ona\
25x08 /i, parietibus longioribus maxime trabeculatim incrassatis.

Boraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft.. McConnell 8f Quelch, 3341.

34. Trichocolea sphagnoides, Steph., n. nomen. Leiomitra sphagnoides, Spruce, in
Trans. Edinb. Bot. Soc. xv. (1885), p. 350.

Boraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 It.. MeCormell 8f Quelch, 334 0 in part, 11 in part.
and 13.

Andes of Quito.

o 2

100 EEPOET OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

35. Scapania portoricensis, Ilampe & Gottsche, in Linnsea, xxv. (1852), p. 342.
Summit of Roraima, McGonnell 8f Quelch, 573.

Not rare in the West Indian Islands, and found by Spruce also on the top of Mount
Abitagua, 2000 m. (his Scapania splendkla).

36. Pleurozia paraloxa, Steph., n. nomen. — Physiotivmi paradoxiim, J. B. Jack, in

Hedwigia, xxvii. (1880), p. 85.
Summit of Roraima, McGonnell 8f Quelch, 543.
Known before from Pasto, collected by P. C. Lehmann.

37. Harpalejeunea tenax, Steph., n. sp. Sterilis, minor, fusco-olivacea, rigida,

dense caespitosa. Caulis ad 15 mm. longus, capillaceus, parum ramosus. Folia
remotiuscula, caule vix latiora, parum patula, cauli fere parallela, valde concava, in
piano cordiformia, tertio supero abrupte angustata acuminata acuta vix incurva,
lobulo duplo angustiore, valde inflato, in acumen folii attenuate Cellules foliorum
parvse, ad 12 p, trigonis late confluentibus. Amphigastria parva, transverse inserta,
caulem vix superantia subrotunda, appressa, integerrima.
Roraima, Ledge, 7500-8000 ft., McCoimell 8f Quelch, 334/.

A much reduced form, rigid and evidently well adapted to a dry climate, the leaves
being very small, little projecting from the stem, the cell-walls very thick. This plant
is almost unique in the great number of species of Lejeunea, which always live in damp
and well sheltered places, and disappear where a dry atmosphere can reach them.

38. Prullania mirabilrs, J. B. Jack & Steph. in lledwigia, xxxi. (1892), p. 15.
Summit of Mount Roraima, 3IcConnell Sf Quelch, 510.

Collected before by Wallis in New Granada, near Antioquia.

39. Prullania atrata, Nees, in Syn. Hep. p. 163. Jititgermcmnia at rata, Sw. Prodi*.

Fl. Ind. Occ. p. 144.
Summit of Roraima, JlcC'oi/uell 8f Quelch, 535.
Very common in Tropical America.

40. Prullania longicollis, Lindenb. & Gottsche, in Syn. Hep. p. 783.
Summit of Roraima, JlcCoiniell 8f Quelch, 335.

An Andine species, found also in Mexico.

MOUNT ROT? ATM A IN BRITISH CI'IWA. 301

IV. THALLOPHYTA.

FUNGI. By (J. Massee, F.L.S.

Piioma Psammisle, Massee, n. sp. Maculae nullae; perithecia epidermide tecta, gregaria,
500 jot diam., atra, ostiolo papillato pertusa ; sporse ellipticae, 2-guttulatae, 10-11 x 3 n.

Spots absent ; perithecia gregarious, covered by the grey raised epidermis, Lenticular,
averaging 500 p in diameter, black, glabrous ; ostiohun minute, papillate; texture paren-
chymatous, dense, olive; spores hyaline, elliptical, ends obtuse with two minute polar
guttulae, 10-11 X 3 /j..

On dead branch of Psammisia coriacea, N. E. Brown. Summit of Boraima, McCownell
Sf Quel clt.

Allied to P. slid tea, Berk, et Broome.

Echinobotryum roseum, Massee, n. sp. Mycelium tenuissimum vix manifestum,
allium; hyphoe fertiles erectae, septate, hyalinae, 1 p. crassae. Conidia in apicibus
hypharum fertilium densius aggregata, sessilia, fusoidea, 10-17 X 6 /i, roseo-tincta.

Sterile hyphse prostrate, hyaline, septate, branched, about 4 p thick, loosely interwoven
into a very thin white layer ; fertile hyphas erect, septate, simple, hyaline, 4 p thick,
apex minutely nodulose and producing numbers of sessile spindle-shaped, pale rose-
coloured conidia measuring 15-17x6 u.

Parasitic on Octomeria parvifolia, Ilolfe. Summit of Boraima, McCownell Sf Quelch,
696.

Allied to E. here, Sacc, from which the present differs in the form and colour of the
spores.

Stemthylitjm ericoctonum, A. Br. & de Bary, Krankh. d. Pflanz. (1851), p. IS, tab. 2.

On living branches of Leitgebie Tmthwrnia/na, Oliver. Summit of Boraima, McCownell
Sf Quelch.

Europe.

Macrosporitjm ramulosum, Sacc. Fung. Ital. tab. 851 (1881).

On fading leaves of Tqfieldia Schombvrgkiana, Oliver. Summit of Boraima, MoConnell
Sf Quelch.

Europe, and in the Andes of Colombia.

Capnoditjm fibrosum, Berk, in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. ii. (1855), p. 209.

Forming a black bristly pile on living1 twigs of Psammisia. Summit of Boraima,
McConnell Sf Quelch, 662.

N. Zealand.

ltlllPIDONEMA membranaceum, Sacc. Syll. vi. (1888), p. 688.
On bark. Boraima, 8000 ft., McCownell Sf Quelch, 508, 526.
Amazon Valley ; Marianne Islands.

102 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FROM

LICHENES. By G. Massee, F.L.S.

Sph^erophoron compressor Ach. Metb. Licli. (1803), p. 135.
On stones. Summit oi' Eoraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 506.
Capo Horn; Chili; W.Indies; Europe; India; Ceylon.

Cladonia rangiferina, Hoffm. Elor. Germ. (1795), p. 111.

On the ground. Summit of Eoraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 507 & 520.
Cosmopolitan.

Parmelia dictyorhiza, Massee, n. sp. Thallus membranaceo-cartilagineus, substellatus,
repetito dichotomo-laciniatus, cretaceus, subtus niger, spongiosus. Apothecia
ignota.

Thallus thin, cartilaginous, radiating from a centre in an irregularly stellate manner,
repeatedly dichotomously divided, chalk-white above, black and spongy below, the
spongy stratum composed entirely of closely septate brown hypha? 11-12 p. thick,
arranged in the form of an irregular network. Apothecia unknown. Lacinise about
2 mm. wide.

On the ground. Summit of Eoraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 53.

Allied to P. hypotropa, Nyl., but separated from this and every other described species
in the reticulate structure of the spongy lower surface of the thallus.

Parmelia perforata, Ach. Eich. Univers. (1810), p. 110.

On branches. Summit of Eoraima, McConnell fy Quelch, 503 & 513.
Central and N. America ; Central Africa ; Polynesia.

Alectoria ochroleuca, Nyl. Prod. Lich. (1857), p. 40.

On branches. Summit of Eoraima, McConnell 8f Quelch, 50f.
Mexico ; United States ; Europe ; Himalaya ; Japan ; Australia.

MOUNT KOKWAIA IN BRITISH GUIANA. ]f)3

KXI'LA NATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate l.

Ilex apicidens. (Figs. 1 to 6.)

Figs. 1 & 2. Branches with las and dense inflorescences, natural size.
Fig. 3. Flower, x I.

4. Flower with petals and stamens removed, x 4.

5. Stamen, dorsal view, x 4.
(5. Stamen, front view, x 4.

CyriUa brevifolia. (Figs. 7 to 16.)
Figs. 7 & 8. Two branches, natural size.
Fig. 9. Fragment of a raceme with one flower, x 5.

10. Sepal, seen from within, x 7.

11. Petal, seen from within, X 7.

12. Stamens, front and side views, x 7.

13. Flower, with the outer parts removed to show the ovary, x 7.

14. A trifid stigma, x 7.

15. Ovary, longitudinal section, x 12.

16. Ovaries, transverse sections, x 12. The ridges on the ovaries may be due to shrinkage, but

they are represented as seen after long boiling.

Plate 2.

Macairea aspera.
Fig. 1. Branch, natural size.

2. Fragment of leaf, upper surface, x 4.

3. Flower, with the petals and six stamens removed, x 5.

4. Petal, X 5.

5. Transverse section through the calyx-tube and ovary, x 5.

Figs. 6 S: 7. Long and short stamens from another specimen (no. 24, McConnell \ Queich), X 5.

Plate 3.

Passiflora Quelchii.
Fig. 1. Branch, natural size.

2. Inflorescence, natural size.

3. Longitudinal section of a flower, x 2.

4. Filament of the lower corona, X 5.

104 EEPOKT OX TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FKOM

Plate 4.

Henriquezia Jenmani.

Fig. 1. Leaf and inflorescence, natural size.

2. Flower, with the corolla removed, natural size.

3. Corolla, laid open, natural size.

4. Ovary after the sepals have fallen, x 3.

5. Ovary, longitudinal section, x 3.

6. Ovary, transverse section, x 3.

Plate 5.

Didymochlamys Connelln. (Figs. 1 to 9.)

Fig. 1. Part of a plant seen from above, natural size.

2. Part of a plant seen from beneath, natural size.

3. Inflorescence, with one bract removed, X 2.

4. Flower with 2 sepals and the corolla removed, x 5.

5. Corolla, laid open, x 2.

6. A lobe of the corolla, x 4.

7. Ovary, with glands and calyx-lobes, longitudinal section, x 5.

8. Ovary, longitudinal section, showing placentas, X 5.

9. Ovary, transverse section, x 5.

Chalepojjhijlhnn Connellii. (Figs. 10 to 17.)
Figs. 10 & 11. Two branciilets showing the range of variation in different specimens, natural size,

but tbe stems are not stout enough.
Fig. 12. Calyx and ovary, natural size.

13. Part of a corolla laid open, natural size.

14. Stamens, dorsal and front views, x 2.

15. Ovary, longitudinal section, x 4.

16. Ovary, transverse section, x I.

17. Ovule, x 12.

Plate 6.

Retiniphyllum laxiflorum.
Fig. 1. Branch, natural size.

2. Flower, x 2.

3. Apex of a pedicel, x o.

4. Longitudinal section through the lower part of a flower, x 5.

5. Three views of a stamen, X 5.

6. Ovary, transverse section, x 5.

7. Longitudinal section of an ovarian cell, x 20.

8. Transverse section of an ovarian cell, x 20.

9. Oblique dorsal view of the cap-shaped placenta and ovules, x 20.

10. Oblique front view of the placenta and one ovule, the other ovule removed, X 20.

11. Fruit, x about %\.

12. Fruit, transverse section, X 3.

mount kokaima in british guiana. 105

Plate 7.

lleterothulamus densus. (Figs. 1 to 7.)

F"ig. 1. Branch of a male plant, natural size.

2. Branch of a female plant, natural size.

3. Involucre of a male head of flowers, X ">.

4. Involucre of a female head of flowers, x 5.

5. Male floret, X 5.

6. Bract from the receptacle of a female head, x ">.

7. Female floret, X 5.

Quelchia conferta. (Figs. 8 to 1 V.)

Figs. 8 & 9. Two branches, showing variation in the length of the peduncles, natural size.
Fig. 10. A flower-head, x 4.

11. A flower-head, longitudinal section, x 4.

12. Corolla laid open, with four stamens removed, x 1.

13. Anthers, dorsal view, with three filaments cut off, x 4.

14. Fruit, x 2.

Plate 8.

Stiftia Connellii.
Fig. 1. Branch, natural size.

2. Bract from the receptacle, x 2.

3. Floret, with part of the pappus removed, x 2.

4. Stamens, X 2.

5. Apex of style, x 2.

Plate 9.

Bonyunia minor. ( Figs. 1 to 5.)

Fig. 1. Branch, with flowers and fruit, natural size.

2. Branchlet of an inflorescence, x 4.

3. Part of a corolla laid open, x 4.

4. Longitudinal section of a flower, with the corolla removed, x 4.

5. Transverse section of an ovary, x 12.

Lisianthus Quelchii. (Figs. G to 9.)

Figs. 6&7. Portions of different plants, natural size.

Fig. 8. Flower with two sepals and the corolla removed, natural size after boiling.
9. Corolla laid open, natural size.

Plate 10.

Utricularia Connellii. (Figs. 1 to 6.)

Fig. 1. Three entire plants, natural size.

2. Part of inflorescence, showing bract and bracteoles, x 5.

3. Flower, x 2.

4. Calyx, dorsal view, x 5.

5. Stamens, x 5.

6. Pistil, x 10.

SECOND SERIES. — BOTANY, VOL. VI. V

106 REPORT ON TWO BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS FKOM

Utricularia concinna. (Figs. 7 to 11.)

Fig. 7. Three entire plants, natural size.

8. Inflorescence, x 3.

9. Flower, viewed from above, with the dorsal sepal turned hack, x 3.

10. Stamens, x 10.

11. Pistil, x 10.

Utricularia Quelchii. (Figs. 12 to 16.)

Fig:- 12. Two entire plants, natural size.

13. Bract, bractcolcs, and calyx, natural size.

14. Corolla, natural size.

15. Stamens, x 5.

16. Pistil, x 5.

Plate 11.

Utricularia rorai mends. (Figs. 1 to 4.)

Fig. 1 . Group of plants, natural size.

2. Part of a raceme, with the corolla removed, X 5.

3. Corolla, x 5.

4. Stamen, x 10.

Genlisea roraimensis. (Figs. 5 to 12.)

Fig. 5. Plant, natural size.

6. Fragment of the base of a stem, with leaf (+ + ), false roots, and an imperfect utricle standing

erect among the leaves, X 10.

7. Perfect utricle, X 5.

8. Imperfect utricle, transition form between the ordinary false root and the perfect utricle, x 5.

This form has a very minute pore at the apex.

9. Imperfect utricle, erect form, x 5.

10. Part of a raceme, with the corolla removed, X 5.

11. Corolla, X 5.

12. Stamen, x ">.

Plate 12.

Brocchinia reducta.

Fig. 1. B.osette of leaves, natural size.

2. Inflorescence, natural size.

3. Flower, with a sepal and two petals removed, x 5.
1. Sepal, x 5.

5. Petal, x 5.

6. Style and stigmas, X 5.

7. Transverse section of unripe capsule, seeds not shown, X 5.

8. Seed, X 5.

mount kokaima in british guiana. 107

Plate 13.

Connellia Augusta.

Fig. I . Leaf, natural size.

SJ. Inflorescence in flower, natural size.

3. Inflorescence in fruit, natural size.

4. Sepal, natural size.
Petal, natural size.

6. Ovary, the other parts of the flower being removed, natural size.

7. Ovule, x 30.

8. Ripe fruit and bracteole, natural size.

9. Seeds, x 10.

Figs. 1, '■'>, 8, & !) are Prom McConnell & Quelch's specimen, the rest arc from

Srliomburgk's specimen.

Plate 14.

CotrtwUia Que/chii.

Figs. 1 K 2. Plants natural, size.

Fig. 3. A large tuft of leaves, natural size.

I. A leaf, tomentose on the hack, natural size.

5. Sepal, x 2.

6. Petal, X 2.

7. Ovary, x 2.

8. Young fruit, x 2.

9. Transverse section of an ovary, x ">.

M9 Can;

.

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1-6 II.EXAPICIDENS.N.E.Bravm. / 16 CYRILLA BREVIFOLi

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CONNELLIA QUELCHI

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LINNEAN SOCIETY OF LONDON.

MEMORANDA CONCERNING TRANSACTIONS.

The First Series of the Transactions, containing both Botanical and Zoological contributions, has been completed
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i in mini