,M£rNRLF B 3 101 13 LIBRARY OF THE University of California. GIFT OF Class ARGENTINE REPUBLIC'S SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE BOUINE TUBERCULOSIS , -PRNl* IMP OF "LA AGRICULTURA NACIONAL' 1909 BUENOS AIRES 1909 1255 -- RIVADAVI A - 1255 BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS REPUBLICA ARGENTINA MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA B0UINE TUBERCULOSIS This is a copy of the Information presented to the Secretary of Agriculture by Dr. Ramon Bi- dart Inspector General of veterinary police in the Cattle Board . OF TH6- WNfVERSfT or BUENOS AIRES 1909 .t £> < A* CHAPTER I Generalities concerning Tuberculosis. — Plan of the present Work. — Ob- ject and character of same. — Methods [and sources of investi- gation. Bovine Tuberculosis' in the present state of scientific knowledge constitute? an inevasible tribute which, once the disease has entered the system, life pays to death. This death-tribute imposed by an ine- xorable law upon all the people of the earth, moves the goodwill of eminent men devoted to the study of the most abstruse biological phenomena, cons- trains the intellectual activity of all the Scientific Corporations and Institutes of the globe, and universally agitates So- 199560 - 6 cieties and States; who, one and all, at the impulse as it were of the same mo- ving power, are inspired with the noble ambition of stamping out a plague, the ravages of which may be estimated by the enormous death-rate show in the Statistical Tables of all nations. The fatal effects of Tuberculosis in mand and cattle are felt with varying intensity in all parts of the world, and if Science is still impotent to check them, it is to be hoped that the conjoint efforts of Government and Scientific Institutions will not prove fruitless, and that keeping in view the general laws which govern the phenomena of life, the precise form to destroy tuber- culosis may be discovered. The Argentine Government has taken an active part in the struggle. The pre- sent work, a brief of an extensive re- port drawn up by the Cattle Board' offers one of many proofs of the inte- rest with which the Scientific struggle — 7 - against tuberculosis is watched in this country. In the Report referred to, a great number of data of detail of un- deniale interest to this Republic are given, and such evidence proves con- vincingly that the moment for alarm — when the disease must be considered as a great peril in progressive develop- ment among our herds — has not come. The Argentine Republic in this res- pect, as is shewn later, is one of the healthiest countries. The extreme percentage of tuberculo- sis among our dairy-cows is far inferior tho the figures shown in the general statistics of other countries, and the con- dition and health of cattle in general cannot be better, the proportion of tu- berculosis being quite insignificant, as the results of numerous recent investi- gations carried out, testify. There is no space in this abridgment, for a series of reports and details of experiments from the works of European authors, although they are published in the Spanish edition as a means of ma- king the minds of argentine breeders perfectly easy. In the course of this publication the necessary reference to them will be found, so as to facilitate comparison with those carried out in this country. The foreign reports and investigations referred to. would be out of place here, for two reasons; we should offer other nations an incomplete summary of their own labours,, and at the same tive give an excessive extent to a work such as this, the exclussive object of which, is to diffuse the know- ledge of the essentially Argentine ele- ments of the matter, in order that out- siders may form a clear opinion of the real condition of our herds, regarding tuberculosis. The method of investigation followed is extremely simple and conclusive. It was not a question of studying the etio- logy of tuberculosis in accordance with strict scientific method; but simply of amplifying as far as possible the fund of well-grounded information gathered to elate, respecting the pathology and prophylaxis of the disease, keeping well in view the principal object of our ini- ciative, which consists in determining by the check of «Tuberculine», applied to the greatest number of catle, at grass, or housed in dairies, the percentage of tuberculosis existent in this country. The existence of the disease being suspected or known, through the diag- nostic reaction of «Tuberculine» applied according to the classical system of hypodermic injections; and in some ca- ses by the new proceding called «Oph- thalmo-cuti-dermo-reaction», the subject was slaughtered for anatomical investi- gation, which should confirm the results obtained through «Tuberculine» . In this way was obtained the corro- boration of the theory, that the initial lesion most often found in organisms — 10 — attacked by the Bacillus of Koch, is the lesion of the ganglions. This corroboration gives greater and better grounded elements for the dia- gnosis of the disease in its first stages . The sources from which these conclu- sions have been arrived at. are distinct and can be chissed into two groups « Wide-spread Cattle* (Ganadi-ria Exten- siva) and « Crowded Cattle* (Ganaderia Intensiva). In the first group are in- cluded: 1.° Cattle for the Public Slaughter Hon. ses of the Federal Capital. 2.° Cattle for the Public -Slaughter Houses in the Provinces. 3.° do. for the Frigorifics. 4.° do. for the Salting Sheds. In the second group arc included: 1.° Cattle for breeding, undergoing the «Tuberculine> proof in the Quaran- tine Lazaretto. 2.° Cattle in existence in ihc «Natio- — 11 — nal Schools of Agriculture and Cattle rearing-* . 3.° Cattle existent in the cow-sheds (dairies, tambos or milk shops). 4.0 Pure bred pedigree cattle, or cross pure bred cattle, existent in certain cat- tle breeding establishments, whose own- ers have afforded facilities for investi- gation, to made. The Statistics of the different percentage of tuberculosis ob- tained from such different sources of inves- tigation will be found in compendium further on. The said Statistics furnish a definite proof that Tuberculosis exists only in a minimum proportion in the Argentine; altho, this should not mean that we are to take no farther heed of a peril which such proportion might re- present in the future more or less re- mote. CHAPTER II. Geographical distribution of Tuberculo- sis. —Foci of contagion. —Ratio between contagion and density of Animal population. Tuberculosis in the Argentine Repu- blic has gradually developed in ratio to the density of animal population. The danger of its presence may be considered of little or no importance in the breeding districts:— Territories Na- cionales de Santa Cruz, Chubut, Rio Ne- gro, Neuquen. Pampa Central y Misiones for the reason that the population of bovines is rarely above 10 to 20 head per square kilometer. Altho' in greater numerical proportion, it is equally inoffensive and insignificant in the provinces of Entre Rios, Corrien- - 14 — tes, San Lais, Cataraarca, Mendoza, San Juan, Rioja, Jujuy, Tucuman, Sal ta and the Northern parts ot the provinces of Santa Fe and Cordoba. It is more marked in the Southern regions of Santa Fe and Cordoba and in the Province of Buenos Ayres. Upon separate examination of each of the regions in which the proportion of tuberculosis is relatively greater, it is to be observed that in a given district there are a greater number ol tuberculose sub- jects in the establishments situated near the towns; i.e. tambos, cow-sheds, and milk shops. These results which are fully proved agree with the conclusions generally accepted, respecting means of contagion. The development of the disease is mo- reover in direct ratio to age, and to density of stalling, and to the numbers stalled in a given place. Several expe- riments made in France prove that in cci tain stalls the proportion oftubereulo- i:> se subjects is 60 °/0, and in general as much as 41 0/o. In proportion as the animal population grows denser, the facility of contagion is greater for all species. Such condi- tions of contagion reach their maximum when, in spite of keeping the cattle at grass, i.e. in the open fields and air, they are specially employed in a way which keeps them crowded together and in continual contact. As for examplej in our rural cow-sheds situate in rich pasture land, with 2 to 5 head per hec- tarea, where the cattle is penned up once or twice a day for milking, where the calves are enclosed in yards so small that they have no room to move freely, the proportion of ihe attacked is consi- derably greater. In this class of establishments the in- fected animals whose excretions are full of bacilli, become a constant and real danger. One alone is sufficient in some cases 16 to infect a numerous herd; contaminat- ing the one artificial watering place, as also the ground, and the posts of the enclosure, spreading and transmitting the virus, by expectoration, by licking one another, or by dams licking their calves. In such parts, selection of the best milk-producers is always made, and they are preserved only in view of their abundant yield of milk. This gives rise to another factor of contamination; as subjects attacked by chronic and slow tuberculosis, give forth virulent matters; of pulmonary, intesti- nal, uterine, or mammary origin. For similar reasons to those which favour the diffusion of tuberculosis in the dairies situate in our rural districts, the animals employed in agricultural labot^r-the oxen — are frequently exposed to contamination. Respecting these, two further circumstances concur, i.e. age, generally advanced-and the weakening 17 of Hie system through overwork. Not- withstanding1 in this class of animals which in some cases are kept half the time in sheds and half at grass contamination has not yet spread in alarming propor- tions. The cases of tuberculosis revea- led in our Slaughter Houses, indicate that we may consider that the bovines used in husbandry and haulage over all the Territory of the Republic are in- fected only in an incipient form. Without hesitation therefore it may be stated that the diffusion of tuberculosis is insignificant among animals exposed, by the method of keeping, special use, age, or stalling, to a medium most favou- rable to contamination by tuberculosis. To permanent stalling, crowded dai- ries, and the breeding establishment; which of themselves favour contamina- tion, must be added, that in the greater number of the cow- Sheds in cities, and in a great many breeding establishments, the sheds have no stalls, and only one — 18 — feeding- and watering place for all. Under such conditions, the nasal excretions, sputa, mucus ejected when coughing, and dejections, splash the food, the walls, the troughs and beds, and so the viru- lent matters pass into the digestive canal of the animal near the diseased one. These circumstances explain the why and the wherefore of the contamination among stalled cattle, and prove that the presence of one tuberculose animal may be considered as a grave peril for the whole number in the same shed. CHAPTER III Natural immunity. — Noxious subjects and harmless subjects.— Influence of the system of breeding. — Vallee, Friedberger and Fronhern. Some subjects are harmless. Among the noxious subjects some are more and others less contaminating. Serous tuber- culosis is not contaminating, nor is that wich does not manifest itself with viru- lent excretions . In presence of a noxious subject, va- rious circumstances whic tend to pre- vent contagion may be enumerated; in the country, under the wide-spread sys- tem of breeding cattle, in use in the Ar- gentine, an animal attacked by tubercu- losis is almost harmless, in spite of its virulent excretions . The bacillus of Kock is amply spread about the surroundings, - 20 — but its action is not felt at any distance except very rarely. As a rule its propaga- tion is not to be feared, except on the very spot where the subject expels it and its vitality is attenuated, and rapidly disappears, destroyed by the very surro- undings. Exposed to the open air and to the action of solar light, the virulence and power of contamination of the bacillus notably diminishes. The mucus sputa the uterine issues, and all other excre- tions full of bacilli, are sterilized by dis- secation, by the action of solar light and by spontaneous pulverization of the me- dia. This opinion which is fairly genera!, has been confirmed by the eminent Pro- fessor Vallee in a series of conferences given in Paris in 19015. Referring to this special point Profes- sor Vallee said. «We have still to find out what beco- " nies of the bacilli which come from u the system of the tuberculous subject — 21 — " Can they develop germs on the ground? " Can they reproduce themselves in the " water of the drinking places? Are they " positively dangerous and is the conta- " mination of the fields to be feared? " Can the bacillus of tuberculosis thri- " ve upon the tops of the lucern (alfal- " fa), for example,-if it can reproduce it- "■ self in the water of the drinking pla- " ces, does this constitute a case for " alarm on the score of the propagation " of tuberculosis? " Fortunately no such things occur " It is now some time since experiments " were made as to the endurance of the " bacillus of tuberculosis outside the ani- " mal medium, and we have learned that " altho the virulence of the bacillus of tu- " berculosis lasts a long time away from " the organism, germs from that micro - 14 be cannot thrive. The virulence of the " sputa on the grass of the Argentine " pastures is gieatly weakened, as that " grass is exposed to the sun, and is 22 io " oxygenized, oxidized and oxonized, (a •• thing- more important than any . by " the dews of each morning. " On the other hand, the dejections " dropped in the fielcK do not long- re- " main noxious, neither can the bacillus " develop itself in the water of the drin- '■ king places in the broad snnlit fields " nor can they preserve their virulence 11 long. " To turn a tuberculose animal out to " grass is perhaps the most simple man- " ner of rendering it harmless to those " near, as the bacilli which it ejects are " in that way very wide spread, and " destroyed by natural agents, before they " have been able to do any harm. This opinion, (an authorized one co- ming from whom it comes), agrees with the remarkable report of Professor Ca- deac. He made six experiments adminis- tering from 25 miligrams to lOcentigrams of dust from the sputa dissecated in the dark, mixed with the food of 30 sucking pigs, without obtaining any signs of tu- berculous lesion. He repeated the experiment with dust from the sputa dried in daylitigt, in the interior of the laboratory with negative results, in spite of a long series of trials. Finally this tenacious investigator gave the subjects 10 centigrams of dust disse- cated in the open air and light, and after a certain lapse of time the post mortem revealed in one alone, hardly perceptible granulations in the lungs and liver; the other organs were perfectly healthy. We must admit, then, that virulent germs disseminated, are only reabsor- bed in small quantities and on very rare occasions, moreover, the virus is in a bad state of preservation, and furthermore, the indirect means of contagion are ex- ceptional, seeing that the necessary con- dition for infection consists in the repe- tition of the virulent contacts. Among others, Freidberger and Fron - 24 - hern, coincide also in the opinion that contagion is generally produced by co- habitation only. There are two other essencial causes which contribute to increase the grade of natural immunity of the Argentine cattle, in the first place the resistance i f the native country.bred cattle to contract tuberculosis, and the early age at which the greater majority of our cattle inten- ded for beef, are sent to the shambles or exported. The first of these opinions, corrobo- rated on the other hand by us, comes grom foreign countries, where the erro- neous beleif exists that for us the ques- tion of tuberculosis in our herds, is a grave problem. Let us hear what Walley says on the subject, referring to England; " The breeds of cattle offering the urea •' test receptibility U>v Luberculosis are " the Alderney and Shorthorn, Certain " races are especially contaminated, - 25 - " #&>«£ all the most selected and pure " bred\'m these last, the proportion of tu- 11 berculous subjects is as high as 50 o[o 11 and more. The old breeds are almost ■' free from the disease. The celebrated " breeds of Alderney Shorthorn, Ayr, are " decimated with the infection, the most " valued familys of the Durhams, the " Dusses, for example, are on the point " of disappearing altogether. Of 15.392 " animals subjected to"Tuberculine" from " 1897 to 1899, 26 ojo shWed reaction. Wilson on his part calculates that half the bovines of Great Britain are affected with tuberculosis. Our Quarantine Lazaretto confirms these assertions to the letter. In 1906. 1.433 bulls and 137 cows were imported from England, the mean average of tu- berculosis was 9.03 and 65.69 o[0 res- pectively. In 1907 and 1908 the medium of tuberculous bulls was 10 23 and 11.51 ojo; that of cows, for the same pe- riod 39.0 2 and 9.85 ojo respectively. 26 - It must be borne in mind that this percentage would have been much hi- gher if the figures of the Statistics had not been dimished by the clandestine Tu- berculine proofs discovered in 1908. which are positively known to have been practised from 1905. The official inspections made in the interior of the Republic, do not differ as far as the immunity of our native herds goes. The veterinary inspection of the Concordia Slaughter House (Province of Entre Rios) from 1901 to 1908 has vou- ched for 12 cases of tuberculosis in 87.7 (9 animals slaughtered for market during that period, and nearly the total ot the 12 tuberculose mentioned were the offs- pring of repeated crossings. The Director of Agriculture and Cattle of the Provin- ce of Entre Rios, Dr. Jose Maria Queve- do, also considers the native cuttle to be practically i'vee from tuberculosis. In the Salting Establishmenl Santa Elena of the before named Province from April 1902 to October 1907, no case of bovine tu- berculosis has been recorded, altho' more or less 40.000 animals per annum are dealt with. Dr. M. Ortigosa, Official Inspector o Carcases at the Salting Establishment of Santa Adelaida, has made a similar re- port, altho ' he cannot give the figures, he asserts, to his own knowing and in a direct manner, that tuberculosis only exists in selected herds of the Depart- ment of Gualeguay (Province of Entre Rios), altho, it is not greatly disseminated when, he can say that of 700 animals re- cently inspected he did not find a sim- ple case of tuberculosis. To conclude this part concerning im- munity in respect of age ot cattle, suffice it to call attention to the feet that tuber- culosis increases iwth the age of the animals, as is the case in our rural dai- ries and in the town dairies of all the cities o the world. This natural law must not be doubted on the score that it has — 28 — not lieen proved by investigation in our own country. Bang has found in France 27 0[0 of tuberculous subjects between the age of six months to a year; 37 ojo bewteen \\ to 2\ years; 43.07 ojo between 2} to 5 years, and 47.05 oto over 5 years oi age. Martell obtained a very similar mean average (47 o[0 in 8 year olds). The application of this rule to our cattle gives us surprising results, bearing in mind that heve the proportion of cattle over 5 years old, represents a small part of our herds, to such extent that some rural corporations have claimed that Federal Congress should vote laws to prohibit the slaughter of heifers which have not calved. Further on we shall find figures dem< >ns- trating the real proportion of tuberculosis in the Argentine. CHAPTER IV Form in which tuberculosis manifests it- self in the Argentine. — Sympto. matology. —Ganglionic Tubercu- losis Experimets realized. The labours carried out by the Divi- sion of battle have served to prove that tuberculosis manifests itself in our cattle in the following forms: Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Pleural Tuberculosis. Uterine Tuberculosis. Mammary Tuberculosis. Medular and cerebral Tuberculosis. Ganglionic Tuberculosis. General Tuberculosis. In the first case the lesions in the lungs produced by the tuberculous baci- llus manifest themselves by the appari- tion of a hard drv couo'h in fits, more - 30 - frequent in the mornigs than in the evenings. The cough is readily brought on by taking cold drinks, odr dusty fo- rrage. by the passing from temperate to cold air. Tuberculose animals that have remained in lying posture for some time, give a short dry cough upon ri- sing. If the cough is very frecuent it becomes sibilant and accompanied by exhaustion and choking. The cough may easilly be brought on, in tuberculous subjects by closing the nasal fossus. The dorsal reflex moreover is usually very marked. When the disease is in a very advan- ced stage, the respiratory movements corresponding to inspiration raise the ribs in an exaggerated manner. Very frequently the air expelled is charged whith fetid odours. It is difficult to prove the discharge of purulent secretions, altho such ne- arly always exist, as the diseased sub- jects remove them with their tongue upon licking the nassal fossa? — 31 — At a period still more advanced the symtoms shew themselves in the general state of the subject, the hair loses its brightness and becomes faded, the skin gets dry and hard, the appetite tends to disappear and all the oth^ functions are disturbed. The temperature is not properly a, symptom. It may rise as high as 41° c. and it may also ba normal, intermittent or irregular. Anemia advances, the mucus membra- nes become pale, the eye assumes a peculiar appearance, sunken, shining and melancholy; the skin under the eyelid forms a pale semicircle extending one or two centemeters towards the corners, Respecting pleural tuberculosis the external manifestations of the lesions are very obscure. The majority rapidly lose strength without any noticeable symp- toms, sometimes there may be hyper- thermia. There is however a symptom of great importance respecting tuberculosis in cows: i.e. nymphomania, when the heifer mounts the other animals simulatings the functions oi a bull, and at the same time with a temperature ot 39.5 to 40 ° c. In such cases one may affirm with some basis, that the subject is affected with the disease. Uterine ruberculosis exclusively loca- ted in the uterus, may continue for a long time without showing any symptom worthy of notice, but the excretions are always accompanied with the bacilli of Koch in abundance. Mammary tuberculosis exists when one or several quarters increase in volume. principally the hind quarters, mid when at the same time there is dilt'nsse nunc faction, in spite of which, the milk secre- ted may be of uniform quality. If to these symptoms be added notable hyper- trophia oil he supra-mammary, ganglions^ the supposition becomes a certainty. — 33 - The disturbance of the locomotory po- wers, contraction of the muscles ol the neck and opisthotonos, are symptoms which reveal the existence of tuberculo- sis of the medula and cerebellum. They are accompanied by local para- lisis, the act of swallowing become di- fficult, and there is ptyalism. The tem- perature may be unvaried. T he gait is vacillating, the hind limbs cross, there is paresis and finally paralysis of the hind quarters. The manifestations of this class of tu- berculosis are similar to the symptom of acute meningitis turnis cerebral hoe morrhage and to poisonings. %The whole scale of symptomatology mentioned in this chapter may be obs- served in general tuberculosis. Articular tumefactions and interarticular adhe- rences moreover make their appearance. Wounds in the skin may be found and are often tubercles. The disease may take an acute (miliary tuberculosis) or a hyper acute character. — 34 — We have purposely left for the last that which refers to ganglionic tuber- culosis. The majority of authors agree that the infection of the ganglionic system constitutes a complication of a secon- dary character. According to the authors referred to, we should seek for the first symptoms of tuberculosis in the great thoracic and abdominal cavities, in the first of these above all because they suppose the lungs to be always affected. Our experience obliges us to form a diffe- rent opinion. Accordingtothe investigations realized the most general initial injury, the primal injury, that which is most .frequently found in organisms affected by the bacilli of Koch, is the injury of the ganglions, with no other complication. In 1906 this fact had already claimed the notice of Harrison, who had proved its veracity in post-mortem on subjects slaughtered in official slaughter housses which had reacted under ' Tuberculine". As will be understood this observation of Harrison is of capital importance for the early diagnosis of tuberculosis. Whilst Wti continue to believe that in the majority of cases the tuberculous injuries are to be found in the great thoracic and abdominal cavities in pre- ference to any other part, the early dig- nosis will remain very difficult. For this reason we have endeavoured to find out with absolute precision the spot on the body where the first mani- festations of tuberculous bacillus most generally appear, in order to reveal it from its very begining, Dr. Juan B. Mendy has lent his assistance in the numerous official investigations carried out,and we have obtained a result which permits us to offer the following con- clusions: "The glanglionic tissues are the most frequently attacked and are those which - 36 — most frequently present isolated lesions in one or more ganglions, whereas no other lesions are found in any part of the body. These experiments have been carried out in accordance with the following- method. In the Federal Capital, Slaughter Hon ses, after skining, the carcase is divided into two parts, leaving the viscera held together by some of their natural adhe- rents, the lungs, pleura, heart, pericar- dium, thoracic ganglions, diaphragm, liver, retrohepatic ganglions, are ins, pected by official veterinary service ocularly and by palpation. In cases of doubt respecting the heal thinessof a carcase, cuts are made in order to emin utel y inspect thi parietal sides of the pleura and peritoneus, through which organ the iliac ganglions are exo mined by palpation. In accordance with this method, in May 1908,2.378 bovines were inspected — 37 — with the greatest prolixity, in cases where possible, the ganglions of the head have also been revised. The existence of tu- berculosis was proved in 15 subjects only. i.e. 0.63 0[0. in the following form: First tuberculous subject: Lesions of the lungs, of the tracheal bronchial and mediastinic ganglions. Second tuberculous subject; Tuber- culosis of the tracheal and bronchial ganglions only, with no other lesions. Third tuberculous subject: Lesions of the retro-pharingeus, bronchial and mediastinic ganglions, with no other le- sions. Fourth tuberculous subject: Pulmo- nary tuberculosis, tracheal, bronchial and mediastinic ganglions shewed small lesions. Fifth tuberculous subject: Tubercu- losis of the bronchial, and mediastinic ganglions only. Sixth tuberculous subject: Tuberculo- sis of the mediastinic ganglions. 38 Seventh tuberculous subject: Pul- monary tuberculosis, and of the medias- tinic, sub-maxillary, retro-pharingeus, and parotid ganglions. Eighth tuberculous subject Tuber- culosis of the mediastinic and bronchial ganglions only. Ninth tuberculous subject Tuber- cles in the lungs, tracheal, and medias- tinic ganglions attacked. Tenth tuberculous subject Lesions of the bronchial, and mediastinic gan- glions only. Eleventh tuberculous subject: Same as the former. Twelfth tuberculous subject: Pulmo- nary tuberculosis, lesions of the tracheal bronchial, and mediastinic ganglions. Thirteenth tuberculous subject: Tu- berculosis of the tracheal, mediastinic, and bronchial ganglions. No lesions in other tissues. Fourteenth tuberculous subject: Same as the former. - 39 - Fifteenth tuberculous subject; Pulmo- nary tuberculosis, and of the tracheal gan- glions. In the same month of May 1908, 149 bovines were examinated in accordance with the second proceeding* explained below, the existence of tuberculosis being proved in 7 animals or say 4.89 ojo. The carcase is placed in dorsal decu- bitus, immediately after being cut into two parts, in a straight line from the tracheal appendix, to the anus, the paun ch, lights, midriff, and rennet, together with the pancreas and the milt are removed, the head is separated from the trunk, and put aside for the examination of its ganglions. The following tissues are minutely examined, Retro-Pharigeus and sub-ma- xillary ganglions, mesenteric and intes- tinal ganglions, pancreas and spleen, peritoneus and parietal pleura, trachea bronchial and mediastinic ganglions, diaphragm, liver and retro-hepatic gan" — 40 - glions, sub-lumbar, iliac, and proepubian ganglions. The results of the experiments made according to said method were ^as fo- llows: First tuberculous subject: Hyper- trophy of the retro-pharingeus ganglions, discrete lesions of the bronchial and tra- cheal ganglions. The lungs (minutely examined, cut up into small pieces), and the other organs, presented no lesion wathever. Second tuberculous subject: Tuber- cles in the retro-pharingeus ganglions. The other tissues minutely examined offfered no lesion whatever. Third tuberculous subject: Advan- ced tuberculosis of the left retro-pha- ringeus. very small tubercles in one of the mesenteric ganglions. Fourth tuberculous subject: Tuber- culosis, situate exclusively in the retro- pharingeus ganglions. Fifth tuberculous subject: Tubercu- — 41 — losis of the retro-pharingeus ganglions, with no other le&ions. Sixth tuberculous subject: Tubercu- losis exclusively in the retro-pharingeus ganglions. Seventh tuberculosis subject: Tuber- culous lesions localized exclusively in the retro-pharingeus ganglions. SUMMARY Frequency of the lesions in 22 cases of tuberculosis: 1° Lesions of the ganglions of the head only, the majority retro-pha- ringeus. seven casesi or say 31.81. op. 2° Lesions of the ganglionic system, only 16 cases, say 72.92 oto. 3° Lesions of the ganglions, and lungs, 6 cases, that is to say, 27.22 ojo. In July 1908, 2757 bovines were re- vised, in accordance with the first of the methods described, and tuberculosis was proved in 23 subjects, or say 0.83 oto. The result of this 2nd series of ex- periments was as follows: First tuberculous subject: Ganglionic lesions of the thoracic, and abdominal tissues. Second tuberculous subject: Ganglio- nic lesions of the tissues of the thoracic, and abdominal cavities. — 44 — Third tuberculous subject Same as former. Fourth tuberculous subject: Lesions of the lungs, and ganglions. Fifth tuberculous subject: General Tu- berculosis. Sixth tuberculous sulject: Lungs bron- chial, and mediastinic ganglions affected. Seventh tuberculous subject: Lungs, mediastinic, bronchial, and tracheal gan- glions affected. Eighth tuberculous subject: Tubercu- losis of the bronchial, mediastinic, and tracheal ganglions. No lesion in the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lung, liver nor corresponding ganglions. Ninth tuberculous subject: Lesions of the bronchial, and mediastinic gan- glions. Tenth tuberculous subject: Lungs, liver, and tracheal, bronchial, mediasti- nic, and retro-hepatic ganglions affected. Eleventh tuberculous subject: Le- sions of the bronchial, and mediastinic ganglions only. — 45 — Twelfth tuberculous subject Tubercu- losis of the bronchial, and mediastinic ganglions, as also of the lungs and li- ver. Thirteenth tuberculous subject Tu- berculosis of the bronchia], and medias- tinic ganglions only. Fourteenth tuberculous subject Same as former. Fifteenth tuberculosis subject Same as former. Sixteenth tuberculous subject Lungs, tracheal and mediastinic ganglios affec- ted. Seventeenth tuberculous subject Lungs, liver, pleura, bronchial, mediastinic tra- cheal, and hepatic ganglions affected. Eighteenth tuberculous subjecthungs, liver, tracheal, and bronchial ganglios affected . Ninteenth luberculous subject: Tuber- culosis localized in the bronchial, and mediastinic ganglios. Twentieth tuberculous subject Lung, — 46 - liver, and retro-pharingeus ganglions affected. Twenty first tuberculous subject: Lungs, tracheal, and mediastinic gan- glions affected. Twenty second tuberculous subject: Lungs, liver, peritoneus, and mediasti- nic ganglions affected. Twenty third tuberculous subject: Bronchial, and mediastinic ganglions affected only. In the same month of July and in accordance with the second method described 194 bovines were revised, tu- berculosis being proved in 10 subjects say 15.5 %. The experiments were as follows: First tuberculous subject: Lesions in the sub-glossary ganglions only. Second tuberculous subject: Tubercles in the retro-pharingeus ganglions exclu- sively. 1 hird tuberculous subject The ma- jority of the ganglions of head presen- ted verv advanced tubercular lesions. — 47 -- The sub-glossary ganglions were of the size of a childs head. Fourth tuberculous subject Lesions localized exclusively in the retro-pha- ringeus ganglions. Fifth tuberculous subject Tubercu- sis of the sub-pharingeus ganglions only. Sixth tuberculous subject: Tubercles localized in the retro-pharingeus gan- glions exclusively. Seventh tuberculous subject: Lesions of the retro-pharingeus, and mediasti- nic ganglions. Eighth tuberculous subject: Tuber- culosis of the retro-pharingeus ganglions exclusively. JSineth tuberculous subject: Tubercu- lar amygdalitis, sub-maxillary, retro- pharingeus, and bronchia] ganglions shewed small tubercles. Tenth tuberculous subject: Tuberculo- sis localized in the retro-pharingeus gan- glions. V OF THE UNIVERSITY SUMMARY: Frequency of the lesions in 38 cases of tuberculosis. 1° Lesions in the ganglions of tha head only (nearly in every case retro- pharingeus), 10 cases, say 33,33 ojo. 2° Lesions of the ganglionic tissues only; 18 cases, say 54.54 ojo. 3° Pulmonary tuberculosis, and other lesions: 14 cases, say 42.42 ojo. Having determined as has been ob- served, that ganglionic tuberculosis is the most frequent form, it will be con- venient to enumerate the symptoms which reveal the disease, following the order of tissues for which the bacillus of Koch appears to show the greatest preference. The pharingeus, retro-pharingeus, sub glossary ganglions are the most com- monly affected. Tuberculosis is more frequent in those ganglions than in any other tissue of thebody. — 50 — When the tubercle forms, hypertrophy of the ganglion accompanies it. If the disease grows worse, breathing- becomes difficult and produces a noise similar to snorting. Considering the earliness of this tu- berculous manifestations, so frequent in the retro-pharingeus ganglions, it is necessary to be thouroughly informed of the manner of succesfully exploring the said region. Our investigations on this head, were based on the system of operating of Godville. Tuberculosis of the medaistinic gan glions generally produces chronic me- teorism, and it is well known that hypertrophy of the said ganglions (the posterior ones) caused by no other disea- se. Meteorism is therefore a sympton which should not be passed unnoticed. The swelling of the pre-scapular. pre-pectoral. and mammary ganglions, are other symptoms almost dicisively precise. CHAPTER V. Forms of Diagnosis.— Insecurity of Tu berculine. — Clinical examination. — Hypodermic injections in Cows.— Their inconvenience . — The new system. The difficulties, more imaginary than real, of diagnosticating- tuberculosis owing to the vagueness and feebleness of many of its symtoms, has lead to the belief that it is not possible to discover the disease unless by the aid of reactions having tuberculine as a basis. For a long time owing' to the popularity of the said lymph in the Ar- gentine Republic, active professionals completly neglected the clinical exami- nation of the subjects thought to be tuberculous. In the laboratory the diag- nostical value of the hypodermic injec- tion was exagerrated to a degree that it was believed to be impossible to discover the existence of the diseasl without that fundamental measure. Later on when the weaknes of tuberculine were recognized, professional opinion altered its course. At present investigators are searching for new formulae, with the conviction that the principal part of thriumph in the stru- ggle against tuberculosis will corres- pond to the sistems which have for a basis early and unerring diagnosis. In the Argentine, as in other countries, clinical diagnosis has fallen into disuse. In the inspection of milk-cows realised in the Province of Buenos Ay res, and in those the Division of Cattle realises, the veterinary surgeon goes about ar- med with his phial of Tuberculine, his thermometer, and syringe only, ca- ring little for ocular examination, which by itself would have allowed him to — 53 — diagnose the disease with certainty, inas- much as many tuberculous subjects do not react under tuberculine. The minute examination of the palpa- ble ganglions, such as the pharingeus, sub-maxillary, pre-scapulary, axillary or brachial of the blanks, pre-crural and re- tromammary, is always of great impor- tance. A simple swelling in those groups furnishes a fundamental basis for sus- picion of tuberculosis. Discarding le- sions easily confounded with actimomi- cosis and actinobacilosis, hypertrophy Of the pharingeus ganglions with no other symptom, gives the certitude of tuberculous lesions. It is perceptible that palpation of the pharingeus ganglions, is difficult, in very fat subjects, such as the bulls of our breeding establishments, or impor- ted sires. Notwithstanding hypertrophy can be perceived in the manner indica- ted by Hamoir. Chronic meteorism, above all, when — 54 — it is accompanied by emaciation, and impossibility to fatten, makes hypertro- phy and tubercular invasion of the pos- terior mediastinic ganglions, especially presumable. Increase in bulk; the real, painless hypertrophy of the mammary ganglions, accompanied with diffuse tumefaction of the udder, is characteristic almost always of a lesion of tubercular nature. The presence of intermittent colic with diarrhoea is sometimes a symptom of tuberculosis of the mesenteric gan- glions. bo far, respecting tuberculosis of the ganglions. As to pleuro-pulmonary tu- berculosis it may be affirmed that it is the most interesting type, from the point of view of early diagnosis. If its exis- tence is ignored, subjects with open le- sions are left among the herds, and give out germs more or less virulent, according to the place where they deposit them. This form, unfortunately, manifests itself — 55 — with symptoms very variable, and diffi- cult to submit to fixed rules which would allow of a precise diagnosis. There are cases when enormous le- sions which are not perceptible upon auscultation nor percussion, and which moreover do not reveal themselves at the spot to which they anatomically correspond. Notwithstanding, with all their apparent obscurity, such lesions are manifested by distant reflexes; by chan- ges of habit, varied manifestations which clinically may prove decisive. Resistance to fattening is one of the most singificant symptoms in this form of tuberculosis, in spite of the fact that postmort3m sometimes reveals enormous lesions in perfectly fat subjects. The dorsal reflex, as was seen in the previous chapter, may prove to be a good means of diagnosis, in respect of lesions of the thoracic cavity. Moreo- ver, all that has been said in the part dealing with symptomatology can be — 56 - applied, as an auxiliary in clinical dia- gnosis. The proof by Tuberculine, limiting the remarks to what has been done in the Argentine, authorizes the following conclusions: 1°'. The simple dose, the same as the double dose of Tuberculine, pro- duces in many cases diagnostic reaction, in the tuberculous sub- ject, before 12 hours have elap- sed (1). 2°. Reaction under the same doses may disappear before the expira- tion of the 12 hours referred to, in the classical instructions gene- rally fol loved 3°. Repeated injections of tuberculi- ne. in simple or double doses, produce "accoutumance" in the tu- berculous animals. h Experiments on "accoutumance" by the Chiei of the Quarantine Lazaretto, employing doses up to 50 c.c. "I Tuberculine. — 0/ — 4° The greater the dose of tubercu- line, the greater the number of tuberculous animals which react under its influence 5°. It is of positive convenience to take the temperature every two hours, from the moment of the injection . To conclude, it has been proved in the Quarantine Lazaretto, that by the repetition of the injections, the system acquires a toleration, to sue!) a degree, that there is no longer any reaction, or it is produced in such an irregular manner, that it is imposible to take the results into account. Such conclusions, which have also been obtained in other coun- tries, have taken from the hypodermic injections a great part of the value as- cribed to them, as indispensable diag- nostical system, and have thrown light upon the frauds committed in the cow- sheds, and cattle Lazarettos. On the other hand, the Division of Cattle has proved: — 58 — 1°. That animals which, under post- mortem, presented no sign of Tu- berculous lesion, had reacted to "Tuberculiae". 2°. That animals attacked by other diseases, react under its influence. 3°. That it produces no reaction in tuberculous animals. The present Inspector General of Ve- terinary Police, has been present at four post-mortems on animals which had reacted under Tuberculine in the Quarantine Lazaretto of Buenos Aires, and which presented no tuberculous le- sion in any tissue. Among the animals furnished by the Division of Cattle for the Behring ex- periments, three subjets which were examined post-mortem by the Comptrol Committee, shewed no sign of tubercu- lous lesion. Notwithstanding, these ani- mals had reacted under Tuberculine and had after a certain lapse of time to overcome the accoutumance^ been "Tu- — 59 — berculined" a second time with no re- sult. The Director of the National Labora- tory of Bacteriology, Dr. Jose Lignieres,. has proved also the want of efficacity of tuberculine as a means of precise diagnosis, The Inspector General of Veterinary Police, under the orders of the Division ot Cattle, has carried out, conjointly with Veterinary Surgeon Caminada, comparative experiments of thermo and ophthalmo-reaction. One of the subjects dealt with, showed no reaction under the injections of Tuberculine, altho, it shown a positive ophthalmo-reaction. Post-mortem revealed in this subject, general tuberculous lesions. During the experiments for curing tuberculosis carried oat in Buenos Ay- res, by Dr. Roemer, in representation of Professor Von Behring, tuberculosis was proved in animals wThich showed no reaction under the injections of Tu- berculine. — 60 — Independantly of the weakness of Tu- berculine, as a means of diagnosis, the Division of Cattle has proved other weak points, of certain importance i.e. It frequently produces aggravation of symptoms, and above all a consi- derable prolongation of hyperthermia, which, during several days is as much as 40 and 41° <\, accompanied with accelerated respiratory movement, to such an extent, as to become dyspnoea. In many cases, the lacteal secretion, diminishes considerably, and in some cases such diminution is maintained indefinitely in subjects which have shewn reaction. In the rural cow-sheds of the Argen- tine Republic, Tuberculine always pro- duces a perceptible diminution in the milk-yield, even in healthy animals. In unstalled animals intended for the milk trade. Tuberculine is extremely preju- dicial, as over and above the natural effects of the Tuberculine, the effects — 61 — of climate, to which the animals are subjected, the change of habits and the hardships, undergone in the opera- tion of tubereulinization, must be con- sidered. These ill effects have been recorded in all the rural milk establish- ments where thermo-reaction has been effected. To resume: Dr. Bidart thinks thai the thermo-reaction is a good means of diag- nosis, but offers difficulties which make it impracticable on a large scale, among the country-bred cattle in the Argentine. Its application is far better for diagnosing tuberculosis in stalled cattle. The ophthal- mo and cuti-reaction is superior to the hypodermic injections of Tuberculine for the country. Concerning this new method, there is no need to insist, being as it is the result of investigations carried out by Calmette, Wolff, Vallee von Pirket and successfully tried by Lig- nieres in the Argentine. CHAPTER VI Actual development of tuberculosis. Coe- fficient of the Cow-sheds (Tam- bosy, of the Agricultural and Bree- ding Establishments . Statistics relating to the Slaughter Houses, Salting Sheds, and Frigorifics. We shall now investigate the actual importance of bovine tuberculosis in our country, from the point of view of the "Wide spread Cattle" as well as from that of the cattle kept in stalls. In 1889 the present Inspector of Ve- terinary Police, experimented upon 2300 milk-cows belonging' to the General Ro- driguez district, (Province of Buenos Ayres). The cases of clinical diagnosis were very rare, and thermo-reaction gave 3 % infected. From the year 1901 to 1902 the au- 64 thorities of the Province of Buenos Ayres, tuberculined 7705 stalled ani- mals, and verified the existence of 7.8 % of tuberculose subjects. In the same period Dr. Damian Lan, Professor of the Faculty of Agronomical and Veterinary Science, at La Plata, carried out a series of experiments in the cow-sheds (tambos) ot the Province of Buenos Ayres, when "Tuberculine" returned 8 % °* tuberculous subjects. Simultane ously Mr. J. Lejeune applied tuberculine to 1.0U0 milk-cows from Mar del Plata and found that 5 °/0 of them were tuberculous. The said Professor Lejeune tuberculines annualy 80 milk- cows kept half stalled, which purvey the city of Mar del Plata with; inilkand by positive reactions and by post-mortems he has proved the existence of 7 % of tu- berculous subjects. Dr. Lincoln Villanueva in the year 1901 applied tuberculine to 2.000 milk- cows in the district of Chascomus and obtained 10 % of diagnostic reactions. — 65 — Dr. Jose M. Moras inspected the rural cow-houses of Chivilcoy, where the pro- portion of certified tuberculosis reaches 4 %. In 1908 the Inspector of Veterinary Police, tuberculined 17 cows, I bull, and 2 calveb, belonging- to a cow-house of the district of Matanzas (Province of Buenos Ayres), and only one cow, and one calf, offered diagnostic reaction. In the same year, and by decision of the Minister of Agriculture, 2 milk- cows and 21 heifers belonging to the Experimental School of «Las Delicias» (Province of Entre Rios), were tubercu- lined two cows proving to be tubercu- lous. On the same occasion the follo- wing animals were also tuberculined: — the only two cows belonging to the School of Posadas, and which proved to be healthy: — two cows and two cal- ves from the School of San Juan, with no result as to reaction: — 80 railk-cows fron the School ot Bell-Ville, of which — 66 — only one shewed diagnostic reaction: — and a numerous lot of animals in the Department of Caseros (Province of San- ta Fe) by the thermo-cuti-ophthalmo reaction, only 12 subjects proving to be tuberculous. The following Agues shew the results of tuberculine in the Cow Houses of the City of Buenos Ayres; 1.897 Tuberculosis 23.75 % 1.898 » 13.18 » 1.899 » 16.89 » 1.900 15.76 » 1.901......... » 11 83 » 1.902 » 303 » 1.903. . /. . . » 1.59 » 1.904 » 1.78 » 1.905 18.79 » 1.906 15.90 » 1.907 » 19.53 » In the first 10 months of 1908, the percentage of tuberculosis in the cow- houses of JJuenos Ayres, rose to 19.53 %. The Municipality of La Plata certified - 67 — to 8.72 %, of tuberculosis; that of Rosario; in 1907 to 13 87 %; and in 1908 to b\34 %; that of Santa Fe in 1908, to 10 %. Under the auspices of the Municipality of Concordia, Dr. Lignieres tuberculi- ned 71 milk-cows of that City, and found only one to be tuberculous. The Mu- nicipality of Cordoba attested succesi- vely to 15.07 % in 1905, to 5.51 °/0 in 1906; and to 7.19% in 1907. The Mu- nicipality of Mendoza found 8.55 % of tuberculosis in the milk-cows of that City. These figures, as may be observed, -convey the impression that the disease has spread only to a small extent among cattle, which, by its employment, is most exposed to contagion, and still more so, if the figures are compared with those of European Statistics, which shew as much as 60 % as the coefficient of tuberculosis in the cow-houses. To complete the labdurs carried out to investigate the degree in which tuber- culosis attacks the cattle kept in stalls, — 68 — in 1906 the Minister of Agriculture Mr. Ezequiel Ramos Mexia, placed his breed- ing establishment of Miraflores at the disposal of Professors Bossi and Lig- nieres so that they might try the new- method of diagnosis ophtalmo-cuti-ther- mo-reaction. The experimentalists cpe- rated upon pure-bred imported animals, and purebred pedegree catrle. in spite of this, the proportion of tuberculous animals hardly reached 1 °[0. These experiments were extended to two other Breeding Establishments (Caba- flas). In the first 7 imported Durham cows were tuberculined, of which one reacted. Tuberculine was applied also to 24 bulls bred under cover, of 18 to 24 months old, born in this country. None of them, shewed reaction even ^>f 39.5° c, Five Durham bulls, pure-bred, imported, all over 8 year olds; and 5 calves and heifers, pure bred, pedegree, of 6 to 14 months old, were dealt with. One of the bulls shewed reaction, but none of the calves. 69 Continuing the experiments in another establishment, 7 Durham calves of S months to 1 year old. pure-bred by crossing, and intended for Cattle-Shows, were tuberculined. None shewed reac- tion. Finally 10 sires from tho Experi- mental School of "Las Delicias" (Entre Rijs) were tuberculined, without reac- tion. Respecting the proportion in which the disease exists in tillage-cattle, the results ot the experiments carried out, confirms the conclusions arrived at in Chapter 2, under the head of "Foci of Contagion". At the National School of "Sacari- tecnia" at Tucuman of the 12 oxen used there, none shewed diagnostic reaction. The 42 tillage-oxen of the Experimental School of "Las Delicias" were treated by tliermo opthalmo-reaction; only two shewed diagnostic reaction. The same proceeding was applied to -the 6 tillage- oxen of the Experimental School of San — 70 — Juan; to 10 oxen of the Experimental School of Colonia Benitez and to the 7 oxen belonging to the Experimental School of Posadas (Misiones). None of the animals submitted to tuberculine reacted. Ophthalmoreaction, also gave negative results. The number of tillage-cattle contami- nated by tuberculosis in European Coun- tries reaches enormous proportions be- side which the number of cases brought to light in the Argentine is remarkably small. In the German Slaughter Hou ses (and the Europeans know this better than we do) tuberculosis among oxen in 1905 reached 20.37 °/0; and in Den- mark 26.7 °[o. It now remains to be seen war is the proportion of tuberculosis among cattle in general, from which the consumption of Slaughter Houses, salting sheds, and frigorifics is purveyed. To begin with, there is a fact w rich is- ab- solutely beyond questioming: — ic that — 71 -- amongcalves of 6 to 12months old, which is in general the age at which they are slaughtered in the Argentine, tuberculo- sis practically does not exist. From January 1898 to September 1908 of a total of 1.123.496 subjects slaughtered, only 5 cases of tuberculosis have been found. The General Statistics of the Slaugh- ter Houses of the Capital afford valuable evidence, as may be observed in the following extract: 1899 Slaughtered Bullocks 137.702 Covtfs 128.032 Calves 110.251 do. Tuberculous » 576 » 616 1898 Slaughtered 305.304 » 137.702 do. Tuberculous » 549 » 408 1900 Slaughtered 321.038 » 131.443 do. Tuberculous » 680 > 519 1901 Slaughtered » 336.133 » 84.902 do. Tuberculous » 998 » 531 1£02 Slaughtered » 287.378 » 109-432 do. Tuberculous » 624 » 454 1903 Slaughtered » 260.501 » 139.501 do. Tuberculous » 723 » 579 1904 Slaughtered » 274.745 » 126.107 do. Tuberculous » 347 » 479 1905 Slaughtered » 270.194 » 109.803 do. Tuberculous » 554 » 633 1906 Slaughtered » 264.731 » 120.437 do. Tuberculous » 837 » 724 1907 Slaughtered 232.240 » 146.102 do, Tuberculous » 1.706 » 1.094 104.565 — 71 — The Statistics for 1908 include only the nine first months of the year, and are as follows: Slaughtered Bullocks 169.055 Cows U8.903 Calves 131.97b Tuberculous » 1.122 > 5. 5^9 » 5 The proportion of tuberculosis per annum during this period was: BULLOCKS COWS Gen. Local. Gen. Local. Year Gen. Porcentage 0.20 0.69 0.47 0.60 0.92 0.62 0.53 0.50 0.83 0.91 1.47 The general mean average in 1908; was 2.63 OTO. - 882 - - 1897 343 333 298 312 1898 289 280 258 148 1899 423 257 364 155 1900 605 293 370 165 1901 475 149 384 70 1902 274 49 557 28 1903 267 80 416 63 1904 351 203 564 74 1905 300 537 521 203 1906 348 1.358 684 40 1907 — 73 - The results obtained by the Inspectors in the Capital, agree with those of the Inspectors in the interior. At the Concordia Slaughter House, from January 1901 to March 1908, 87. 779 animals were inspected, only 12 tuber* culous subjects bein found among such a large number. In 1907 the Slaughter House of Villa Maria (Cordoba), slaughtered for the consumption of the town, 5.840 head, among which only o cases of tubercu- losis were revealed. Veterinary Surgeon Luis Gonsebatt found 7 cases of tuberculosis in 3547 animals imspected in the month of Octo- ber 1907. Veterinary Surgeon Carlos Robin ins- pected several Cattle rearing Establis- ments in the Province of Corrientes without being able to discover a single case of tuberculosis. Veterinary Surgeon Godoy, has not - 74 - found a single case of tuberculosis at the Salting Establishment Of Santa Elena, from April 1902 to October 1907, altho nearly 40.000 animals por annum are slaughtered there. Veterinary Surgeon Mexzadrelli has not found a single case of tuberculosis among the cattle dealt with, in the Sal- ting Establishment Cabal from 1903 to 1907. Veterinary Surgeon Ortigosa inspected 700 animals at the Santa-Adelaida Sal- ting Establishment, no case of tubercu- losis. Veterinary Surgeon Diehl inspected 2.700 animals butchered at the Bahfa Blanca Slaughter House, attesting to S cases of tuberculosis. Veterinary Surgeon Troise inspected 15.000 animals slaughter edat the Guale- guay Shambles from January I9u6 to March 1908 found only two cows atta- cked by the disease. The Statistical Table kept at the Men- 75 doza Slaughter ttouse shews the follo- wing' data: 1897 mean average 3.55 per mi 1898 i. 2.12 " 1899 u 1.75 1900 '< 1.40 1901 " 1.75 1902 u 2.41 1903 " 3.87 1 904 " 4.09 1905 « 21.54 1906 » 0.02 FRIGORIFICS 1903 Bullocks 228.374 Cows 1.721 Tuberculous olo 1904 j> 306.332 » 1.476 0.64 1905 » 517.036 3.130 > 1.49 1906 » 583.217 » 956 > 11.02 1907 » 548.545 » 10.033 » 1.0 1908 » 526.202 » » > 2.46 As may be observed, the proportion of tuberculosis is so small among our cat- tle, that there is no justifiable reason for the alarm of those at home who consume our chilled meats nor for the mistrust of the European markets. CHAPTER VII Sanitary Police Service for Cattle- Extension of this Suplement. — The Exportation of Tuberculous Catfle.? Does it proceed from the Argentine? Restrictions imposed by our Sanitary Service. As we have now seen what is the mean average of tuberculosis in the Ar- gentine, we have only to ascertain by what method the figures referred to are arrived at. Federal Gobernment exercises super- vision over all the establishments where animal produce is prepared, when not exclusively intended for local or provin- cial consumption, (in which case the supervision concerns the Commune, or the Provincial Government) The Central Government controls the 78 Sanitary Services (full particular of which, will be found in the suplement), through the agency of the Division of Cattle (Ganaderia), which has Veterinary Surgeons stationed at the establisnments where animal produce is prepared, or where business is transacted with other provinces or territories, under federal jurisdictiou. Veterinary Surgeons are personally responsible for any infrin- gement of the law, which may be com- mited in the establishments confided to them. Their Scientific qualifications in the matter are ample, as in addition to the professional degree they hold from national or foreign universities, they obtain the posts of Veterinary Inspectors, by competition. Every Frigorific, Salting-shed, Tallow Factory, Slaughter House, etc, under Federal jurisdiction, besides the staff of veterinary surgeons and assistants is provided with a laboratory, with all the instruments and necessary material — 79 — to investigate any doubtful case of le- sions, difficult to class ocularly. In such cases, whilst one of the veterinary sur- geons is at work in the laboratory, the remainder of the staff supervise all the processes of preparing the meat for con- sumption, or exportation, and put aside the diseased cattle, or tainted carcases; declaring the same unfit for food. From the very moment the cattle are felled and especially from the moment they are clesembowelled, the veterinary surgeon is present, and ocularly, and by palpation, inspects all the organs in which the disease may be discovered. In cases of doubt, incisions are made, if the doubt subsists, the laboratory comes into play, and the carcases are supervi- sed, until the laboratory has decided the case. Carcases declared fit for food, are taken to a department called the drying station, where another veterinary ins- pector revises the general and particular state of each carcase brought in. — 80 — The carcase, parts of same, and or- gans which have been declared unfit for human consumption, have to be withdrawn immediately from the hangers used for meat declared lit, by the Inspectors. Our sanitary regimen does not permit such offal to be used for any other than industrial purposes, after having been sterilized by different systems of appa- ratus, all of which develop high tempe- ratures. Jn order to supervise this industrial use of the offal, the veterinary inspector, personally, has the carcases withdrawn from the yards and taken to the high pressure boilers, where it is submitted to the sterilizing process. At this point the veterinary inspector must verify thai the temperature in the apparatus is not less than 120° c, and through the agency of his assitauts, make sure that tor two hours at least, the said temperature does not diminish. Generally speaking the solid remains of carcases, or condemned — 81 - parts of carcase are transformed into manure. The fatty matters are employed in soap making. Once the inspection is over, the official assitants in presence of the veterinary surgeon, authorize the use of the meat, stamping it with a stamp, or attaching a special control cocket to it. No carcase whatever, nor part of same can be taken to the chilling or freezing chamber, unless it bears the control seal. Wilst the carcase are in the chilling or freezing chambers, the veterinary, surgeon periodically supervises the chambers, in order that the temperature be kept uniform, the air renewed, and the damp expelled. These services are permanent; so it may well be asseverated that our meats are submitted to a rigorous sanitary re- gimen. The presence of a carcase infected with tuberculous ganglions, brought to light in England by M. Phail, may be - 82 - explained in two ways: firstly, by the substitution of the carcase, or that the carcase was not affected with generalized tuberculosis, as was affirmed on the occasion. Even in the supposition that the car- case referred to, came from our country, (and this point has not been proved; one must agree that ihe importance o the case has been exaggerated: inas much as in England, as well as in every other country, it is well known thai there are subjects in apparent good health, which upon inspection do not offer any tuberculous lesion of the res- piratory or digestive organs, nor of the ganglions nor corresponding cavities, and yet may present lesions of gan- glions which appear only when the beast is quartered for market, and therefore have remained unsuspected under the most minute sanitary inspection. If the inspector were obliged to get at the ganglions referred to, the carcases would — 83 — be useless For market or exportation, as they would be reduced to small pieces. On the other hand no slanghter house in the world refuses carcases unless those of subjects with generalized tuber- culosis. The organization of the Inspection Ser- vice in the Argentine proves that it is absolutely impossible for a carcase in- fected with generalized tuberculosis, to be sent for consumption. We must rei- terate if the above mentioned carcase did really come from our country, it was that of a subject with local tuberculosis. M. Pillers, Harrison, etc, and the local experiments, demonstrate how frequently the disease locates itself in the ganglions. The first of the above mentioned aut- hors describes the case of an enormous isolated lesion, situated in the forelimb of a Shorthorn cow, altho post-mortem did not reveal any lesion in any other part of the organism. Furthermore the danger to human — 84 — health offered by the consumption of the muscle of a tuberculous animal is ex- tremely remote. It has never been pos- sible to produce contagion with it, experimenting on dogs, sheep, pigs, rabbits, swine, goats etc, obliging them to injest raw meat from animals slaugh- tered in the slaughter houses and withdrawn from consumption on account of tuberculosis. If that is the result obtained with raw meat, it must be agreed that human ealth runs no im- minent risk, upon eating cooked meats, inasmuch as a temperature of 85° c safely sterilized any meat contaminated with the bacillus of Koch. Otherwise the theory of hygienists when they consider that « Pasteurization* makes milk taken from tuberculous cows fit for food would be destroyed. Some French experimentalists go so far as to believe that meat from animals with advanced tuberculosis, notcaquectic may be served to the public without danger of poisoning, nor contamination. Germany, for her part, only demands the previous sterilization, for meat coming from animals with generalized tubercu- losis. It is evident that the Argentine Go- vernment applies a much more restric- tive system . In the appendix to this work all the laws and regulations of Sanitary Police will be found. The Sanitary Services are organized in such a manner that fraud of any kind is impossible, as far as can humanly be expected as on the other hand, neither our nor any other public service it is free from isolated cases of impropriety which do not affect the final results. The contract with Professor Behring and the large amounts devoted by Go- vernment to improve the sanitary s i e of Argentine cattle, offer a guarantee of the bonafides with which the struggle to eradicate the tuberculosis existing- in the country is carried on. Such proceedings are not alone to guarantee in foreign — 86 — countries the finess for food of our meats. and so, to avoid one of the consequen- ces of tuberculosis, but for our own be- nefit, to prevent the propagation and ex- tension of a disease which in the future more or less migth expose to danger a source of national profit us great as our Cattle, one of the main-springs of public and private revenue in this country. The Goverment has taken pains, and will continue to exert itself to reduce to a minimum the insignificant mean ave- rage of tuberculosis existing at the pre- sent time but, let the fact be clear that at the present moment our market beefs are perhaps the', best condicional in the world. APENDIX OF THE BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS Ordinance in connection with cow farms and dairies in vogue in the city of Buenos Aires. (Article concerning the health of cattle). Art. 1 — The proprietor of cow farms and dairies must have registered in the Sanitary Inspection and General Inspection Depts., their establishments, their names and those of their employes; the number of cows in each cow farm and the proccedure of the milk which is provided. Art, 8— The inoculation of remedy against tuber- culosis of the animals whose milk is used for the alimentation of the people is compulsory and ypU be effected by the Sanitary Administration every time the E. D. deems such to be necessary and when that operation is practiced the value of the animal is to be agreed upon between the Sanitary Admi- nistration and the owner and the price for cows cannot be in excess of $ 150, that for the donkeys of $ 100 for the mares $ 30. and of for goat,. — 90 — Art. 9— The health certificate will be placed in a glass frame which will be hung on the wall of the stable in front of the animal. Art. 10— The owners of cow farms cannot retire those animals which are undergoing the test of the inoculation nor those which are reactioning from the inoculation are considered tuberculosis. Art. 11— The Sanitary Administration can sacri- fice in the slaughter house all those animals which the inoculating operation proves to be tuberculosis. Art. 12 — The introduction substitution or retiral of animals in the cowT farms cannot be effected without previous advice having been given to the Sanitary Administration subject to the infliction of a fine of $ 100 and removal of the animal should it prove to be diseased. Art. 1:3— For the effects of the aforesaid article it will be considered that the proprietor of the ani- mal is the owner or principal tenant of the cow farm where the animal is kept. Art. 14 — The E. D. will pay the following indem- nizations to the owners of animals for those which are sacrifices in the slaughter house in conformity with the prescriptions of the regulation. For the animal which is suffering from generali- zed tuberculosis <>ne third part of the value fixed. For the animal which suffers from localized tu- berculosis two third parts of the fixed value. — 91 — The serviceable parts of the animals ^ilj. be de- ducted from the said indemnizations in accordance with the sanitary regulations. Ordinance in force in the city of Rosario for the health of cows in farms Inoculation remedy against tuberculosis. Art. 32 The inoculation of remedy against tuberculosis, is declared compulsory, of all the animals of the bo- vine species lodged in farms when those are over six months old. Art. 33 — The inoculations will be performed by one or more Veterinary Surgeons and under the direction or vigilance of the Public Assistance (1). Art. 34 — The inoculations of the animals of cow farms or dairies can only be performed by the em- ployes referred to in the previous article. Those persons as for instance the owners of animals who infringe this stipulation incur a fine of 20 to $ 100 paper for each inoculation. Conditions which animals should unite. The oo animals which are introduces at farms and which after having been treated and the necessary time has transpired are declared suspected of being tu- berculosis shall be marked on the front by fire with a T 10 centimetres in size and they are to be removed within the period expressed in the pre- vious article and subject to the same fine. Art. 36 — If the existence of the animal be dan- gerous it may be sacrificed but the owner will pre- viously have received an indemnization to the ex- tent which the E. D. will express. Art. 37 — Advice must be given to the Public Assistance at the least within 24 hours of the in- troduction or substitution of animals at the farms so as to enable the inoculation to be performed of the fresh set of animals. Those who infringe that condition incur a fine of 20 to $ 100 paper for each animal. Recognition of cattle. Art. 38 — The persons who are not owners of farms in or outside of the district who desire bovine animals to be recognized can request the Intendant's Dept. to have the inocula- tion of remedy against tuberculosis performed. Dairies which may adhere to the regulation. Art. 39 — The E. D. will endeavour to obtain From the Health Council the application of this present ordinance for the dairies situated outside the boundaries of the district and will furnish said 93 Council with the necessary staff and elements for effecting the inoculations. Art. 40 — The E. P. will publish monthly the na- me of the dairies, to which the previous article has reference, in which there are animals not inocu- lated. The inoculations. — Art. 41 — Said inoculations will be repeated once a year in conformity with the scientific customs established for the purpose. Quality of the remedy. Art. 42 — The inoculation remedy which is employed shall be of genuine quality of the authorized european laboratories, Pasteur o Koch if such is not supplied by any of the laboratories which exist in the country. Reactions. Art. 43 — The animals considered tu- berculosis will be those which the inoculation test shows to have a febrile reaction whose temperature is in excess of (1.5) one degree five centigrades and consequently they will be marked with a T in accordance with Art. 35. Suspected of being tuberculosis. Art. 44 — The animals considered suspected of being tuberculosis will be those whose febrile reaction is shown to be in excess of 0.8 or inferior to 1.5 degrees centigra- des of temperature. Art. 45. — The animals suspected of being tuber- culosis will be retired from service and will remain isolated under the vigilance of the Municipal Sa- 94 nitary Inspector who will again inoculate the herd one month from the date of the first injection. Cases for sequestration. Art. 46 — The cows which according to the judgement of the Sanitary Inspec- tor have been proved by the inoculation test to be in an advanced state of tuberculosis will be seque- strated as also those which at the clinic examina- tion present symptons of tuberculosis of the lungs or (de mamitis tuberculosis). Art. 47 — In the case of the preceeding article and when the autopsy proves that the animal pre- sents evident signs of being tuberculosis the E. P. will pay to the owner the half of the value of the animal sacrificed which will be estimated accord- ing to the current market prices. In the contrary rase the [ntendant's Dept. will pay the full value of the animal i. e. when it has not been proved that the animal is diseased. Health certificate. Art. 48.— For the animals ac- cepted as health} the Municipal Inspector will give ;, certificate of health mentioning the hair, the age, breed or other si ial characteristics of the animal and furthermore will place on one of the horns or in defecl (d" such on an car a mark by Eire T. S. without which no milk cow can remain in cow Farms of the district. Said certificates will he drawn up on a Btamped paper of a value of $ 2. — 95 — Disinfection of the cow farms. In the cow farms where tuberculosis animals are found the owner is compelled after the animals have been removed to perform the general disinfection of the dairy and with special care the boxes which were occupied by the diseased animal under the prescriptions and vigilance of the Municipal Sanitary Inspector. Substitution of the animals. Art. 50 — The in- troduction or substitution of animals at the cow farms cannot be effected unless previous advice has been given to the Sanitary Inspection in accor- dance with the conditions of Article 37. Art. 51. — The Inspection Dept. will have a book in which the situation of the farm will be entered, the name of the owner the number of cows and specifying the colour and mark as also the inocu- lations performed at those and the corresponding observations in each case. Observation stand. Art. 52. — Establishing at the new Yards of the Public Works a stand where the inoculation shall be perfomed of all the bovine ani- mals which are introduced in the district which are to be lodged in cow farms. Art. 53 — It is expressly prohibited for bovine animal, to remain at eowr farms when they have nut previously been inoculated and observed in the manner established by the preeeeding article. Eights. Art. 54— For each animal whilst under observation at the Municipal stand $ 1 paper is to be paid daily for its forage and maintenance. Fines. Art. 55 — Those who infringe the pres- criptions of this resolution will be inflicted with a fine of twenty dollars paper in each case. Arts 1 to. 10. 12 to. 28. Ordinance of 21st Sep- tember 1888 Arts. 11 and 29 Decree of the Intendant's Dept 6th February 1900 Arts. 30 and 31 idem 17th August 190 I. Arts. 32 to 39 Ordinance 9th November 1897 DECREE No. 1115 Cordoba, July 28th 1905 In order to regulate the ordinance No. 1087 ta- king as a bassis the scheme presented by the di- rection of the Public Assistance and owing to the fact that same only implies the modification of one <>f the article of ordinance No. 559 whose disposi- tion cannot be altered by the E. D., the Municipal Intendant. DECREE Art. 1 Thai the Direction of the Public Assis- tance shall have the technical inspector of cow farms effeel tin- testting of the inoculation of all the cows in the cow Harms and dairies of the dis- 97 trict and of those which are used for supplying- milk throughout the streets in the city. Art. 2 — The inoculation remedy which is emplo- yed will come from the proper quarters of the eu- ropean laboratories Pasteur or Kock brand being authorized whilst laboratories of this country do not supply of identical quality. Art. 3 — The inoculation of the cows against tu- berculosis will be practiced in the cow farms pro- per where they are lodged. Art. 4 — The cows suffering from tuberculosis will be definitely withdrawn from the services this present decree regulates marking them by fire on the horns or ears and in defect of this with letter T: those suspected of being so after the second test made will also be so withdrawn. Art. 5 — The cows whose febrile reaction varies hetween 8 tenths and one degree 4 tenth will be considered tuberculosis.The temperature reaching an inferior graduation to 8 tenths will not have any meaning. Art. 6 — The veterinary surgeon will repeat the inoculation test on those cows whose reaction ap- pears suspicious 45 days within the time that the first operation was carried out. Art, 7 — The milk cows which are declared -exempt from tuberculosis and from other diseases will have placed on their horns or in defect of these - 98 — on the ear a mark by tire I. S. furnishing a gratui- tous certificate to the owners signed by the \ ■■ nary surgeon and expressing: the breed, age, co- lour, and distinctive marks of the animal, situation of the cow farm where the animal is lodged and name of the owner. Art. 8 — For the effects of the aforesaid article-, the veterinary surgeon will keep a register of the cow farms and dairies which exist in the district gi- ving an account therein of the specifications pro- vided for in the previous article and furthermore the number of cows authorized for each oi said es- tablishments. Art. 9 — The test with the inoculation remedy will be effected in conformity with the scientific custom established for that purpose and same will be repeated yearly. Art. 10 — Every owner of a cow farm or dairy is compelled to denounce to the Direction of the Sa- nitary Administration all the diseases which his cows suffer within a term which does not exce d 24 hours. Art, 11 — The entrance of a fres set of cows in cow farms and dairies is absolutely prohibited un- less previous advice thereof has been given to the sanitary administration or if such have not been previously submitted to an inoculation test. Art. 12 The Acc.umtanfs Dept. will keep a 99 special account of the reception and output of funds wich occur in consequence of ordinance No. 1087 effecting the expenses temporarily if necessa- ry of the general income, charging same ordinance in question. Art. 13 — The collection of the taxes provided for by. Art. 3 of $ 1 for each animal inoculated will be effected by the veterinary inspector who will keep a memorandum book having a counterfoil furni- shed by the Treasurer's office and each page' will be for the value of $ 1 and the employe referred to shall be subject to the reglamentary prescriptions. Art. 14 — The treasurer's office will note in the (libro diario) as a special entry the amounts which is received there of the taxes on the inoculation operation. Art. 15 — Every transgressor of the prescriptions wlli incur a fine of fifty dollars on the first occa- sion which will be double in case of a repetition, withouth prejudice to closing the establishments and of twenty five dollars those who introduce, ani- mals in the cow farm or dairies without previously obtaining the authorization of the sanitary direc- tion The Deliberating Council of the Municipality of Concordia sanctions the following : — 100 — ORDINANCE The inoculation of remedy against tuberculosis is declared compulsory for the milk cows which arc employed for industrial purposes within the dis- trict. Art. 2 — The injections of the inoculation reme- dy can only be effected by the Veterinary Surgeon who has his title inscribed in the Hygiene Council of the Province. Art. 3 — The injections of the inoculation reme- dy are to be renowed every day and the test is to be repeated every time this may be deemed neces- sary. Art. 4 — The certificates of each cow with a com- plete statement of distinctive marks of the animal are to be hung on the wall over the animal and in a visible place for the convenience of the public. Art. 5 — These certificates must have the Vo. Bo. of the Municipal Inspection interested and be ins- cribed with the numeration in the book "Register of cows inoculated against tuberculosis". Art. 6 — The Municipality will appoint the Ve- terinary Surgeons who are to effed the inoeula tion and to be returned by them within 24 hours of performing the operation will distribute partial pages of the "Register of cows inoculated against — 101 — tuberculosis" in order to enable proper and uni- form statistics being kept. Art. 7 — The owners of animals must give advice with 24 hours anticipation to the Municipal Ins- pection of the entrance of cows at a cow farm and to the Veterinary Surgeon who is the interested party to effect the inoculation. Art, 8 — Once the operation has been concluded the owners of animals will present themselves at the Municipal Inspection with the corresponding certificates so as to have them inscribed in confor- mity with stipulations of Art. 5. Art. 9 — In the same manner they will present at the Municipal Inspection or notify when any cow is withdrawn the corresponding certificate to be en- tered in the "Register of cows inoculated against tuberculosis" returning such with the anotation "without effect" and the date. Art. 10 — Every cow declared "tuberculosis" will be marked with a T on its front and the' owner should immediately isolate the animal and remove it from the district within 24 hours. Art. 11 — When tuberculosis cows are discovered the locality will be disinfected in compliance with the indications resolved by the Board of Health. Art. 12 — Should the reaction according to the diagnostic designate the existence of animals sus- pected of being tuberculosis these may remain un- — L02 — der observation in the establishments without being marked and a fresh inoculation should be perfor- med after 60 days from the date of the first ope- ration. Art. 13 — The introduction of milk will not be allowed from the vicinity and exterior of the dis- trict when it has not been proved that the regula- tions of this ordinance have been fulfilled. Art. 14 — Every infringement of the stipulations contained in this ordinance will be punished with a fine of fifty dollars on the first occasion double should the offence be repeated and definite closing up of the establishment on a third occasion. Art. 15 — The E. D. will regulate this ordinance fixing the remuneration to which the Municipal Veterinary will be entitled when the operation has been perfommed by said party. Art. 16 — This present ordinance will be in force as from the 1st of January 1907 on which date all the cows used for providing milk are to have un- dergone the inoculation against tuberculosis. Art. 17 — Cancelling of all the stipulations which are in opposition to this present ordinance. Art. 18— Notify etc. Session Hall, July 23rd L906. sgd). Domingo L». MJaroto, president ; Juan -I. Lope/., se- cretary. No. 2466— Concordia 3ls1 of July L906. 103 Be this a Municipal ordinance, give knowledge hereof, publish and pass to the M. R. Sgd) Juan Salduna, president; Aurelio S. Garcia, secretary. No. 2605— Concordia 26th of October 1907. Regulating this present ordinance the President of the Municipality of Concordia, DECREES Art. 1 — Grating of a period up to 31st of De- cember within which period the cow farms are to give compliance to this ordinance. Art. 2 — The Veterinary Surgeons who perform the injections of the inoculation against tubercu- losis are to present their diplomas to enable the Municipal Inspection to investigate if they meet the requirements ordered by Art. 2. Art, 3 — Every year the injections of inoculation remedy against tuberculosis are to be renewed on those animals which are kept in stables permanen- tly and on others when this is deemed necesary. Art. 4 — The certificates of each cow as a guide- will carry the following information, breed, age, colour of hair, mark, sign, marks and signs existing 104 on the horns and any other distinctive characteris- tics which may he useful for identification. The certificates Avhich have the Vo. Bo. of the Municipal Inspection and which are to be stamped and signed will have a consecutive number for each cow farm. ? Account will be kept of the partial pages deli- vered to the Veterinaries which will be returned by them, signed, and those will be field at the Ins- pection Dept. Art. 7 — The other owners of cow farms will in- form the Inspection Dept. of the cows which are again entered so that Inspection may know the number of cows existing at the farm and have knowledge of those which are not inoculated to avoid incurring the infringements against the sti- pulations provided for by this ordinance. Ait. 8 — So soon as the operation has been perfor- med the owners of animals will present at the Ins- pection the certificates issued by the Veterinary so that they may be inspected in conformity with the indications of art. 5. Art. 9 — All the tuberculosis cows will be marked with a T on the front of 8x6 centimetres and will he removed Erom within the district and the use of these animals for providing milk will not he allo- wed. Ail. 10 — The disinfection of the cow farms will — 105 - be performed for account of the propietor by the- means which the Municipality will indicate and the Inspection will witness of this operation. Art, 11 — If the animals which are declared sus- picious are not inoculated within the period esta- blished by Art, 12 such will be considered as ha- ving that disease and will be marked and removed from within the district, Art. 12 — The Municipality can inspect when it may deem it convenient do so so the cow farms of the exterior of the district which have had their cows inoculated prohibiting the introduction of milk when all the cows are not inoculated or when there are animals in the farm which have been refused as being tuberculosis and in this case can furthermo- re apply the penalties provided for by Art. 11 Art. 13 — The Municipal Veterinary can receive $ 1.20 for each cow he has inoculate within the city plant and $ 1.50 paper for those outvside of that limit. Art. 14r— Notify etc. Sgd) German Vidal. presi- dent; Aurelio S. Garcia, secretary. Xo. 2625— Concordia. 26 th of December 1907. In consideration of the information given by the 106 Municipal eterinary regarding the new system of proving tuberculosis of the bovine animals by means of ophtalmic reaction and euti dermo reaction and as. according to the data supplied, the new method is of more easy application and allows of tuberculosis being discovered more readily. The President of the Municipality of Concordia DECREES Opthalmic and cui reaction Art. 1 — That is declared compulsory as from this date within the boundaries of the district, for the cows which are use for providing milk. Art. 2 — This operation will be effected in accor- dance with ordinance of 23 of July of the current year and with its regulation in this connection. Art. 3 — The injections of the inoculation remedy will be performed whenever there1 may be doubts as to the result of the ophtalmic and cufi reaction. Art. 4 — The Municipality will provide the means and utensils for the performance of the operation within the city plant. Art. "> [is application will he gratuitous. Art. f! — The farms outside of the city plant will - 107 -- pay the expenses of conveyance of the employe who performs the operation. Art. 7 — Let this be known, publish and pass to the M. R. — Sgd) Germand Vidal, presidente ; Au- relio S. Garcia, secretary. Arts. 40 to 51 Decree of the Intendant's Dept. 29 Sept. 1897. Arts. 5w to 55 Resolution of the Intendant's Dept, 27 th let. 1898. ORDINANCE Inoculation against tuberlosis of the cows wich yield milk for consumption by the city. The Municipality of Villa Maria at a meeting held. ORDER Art, 1 — During the month of February an in- ventory will be effected of the cows which yield milk for the1 city. Art. 2 — When the number of them is known the inoculation against tuberculosis of these in parts will be effected at the premises designated for the purposes where they must be three days previous so as to be under observation. — 108 — Art. 3 — It is the obligation of the owners of cow farms to supply the labourers which the Veterinary- Surgeon may request for handling the animals. Art. 4 — The Municipality will furnish ten num- bers to mark with tar and two to be marked by fire, one with the letter T which will signify "tubercu- losis" and the other with the letter L which will "free". Art, 5 — The cows declared tuberculosis will be sacrificed in the Public Slaughter House and the sale of meat will be allowed at the Market of those animals recognised as fit for consumption. Art. 6 — The cows with generalized tuberculosis will be destroyed by fire. Art, 7 — The cows declared to be suspected of being tuberculosis will be isolated and the cost of upkee will be on the owners account. Art. 8 — The Municipal Inspector accompanied by the Veterinary Surgeon will periodically inspect the cow farms and the owners are compelled to state when they acquire or sell cows the establishment they proceed from or to whom they have been sold. Art. 9 — Tntendant's Dept. will have a special book in which will be written the name of the owner of the eow farm number of cows, date of inoculation againsl tuberculosis ami state of health. Art. 10 — The cows during the three days they are under observation, will be milked and the milk mav 109 be sold for consumption and in the following days they will again be milked and the milk confiscated until the Veterinay Surgeon declares in free. Art. 11 — The yield of milk for consumption by the population is prohibited of those cows which have not been inoculated against tuberculosis sub- ject to the infliction of the fines mentioned in Art. 18. Art. 12— The Municipality will pay indemniza- tion of alue of any animal whose sacrifice has been ordered by it as a sanitary measure should such prove to be healthy. Art. 13 — The owners who have not complied with the provisions of this ordinance and any of the instructions which may be dictated for its ap- plication shall not have the right to claim indemni- zation for the damages which the sanitary measures adopted may have caused them. Art. 14 — The object of the indemnization will always be to reward the damages caused at the mo- ment of the destruction or sacrifice, the parts which are serviceable for the propietor are to be deducted from the total value of the animal. Art. 15 — The value of the animals will be esti- mated by the Intendant and the owner or his repre- sentative in a case of disagreement as to the price shall name an umpire whose judgement will be final. - 110 - Art. 16 — When the disease of the animal sacrifi- ced is necessarily mortal according to the Veterina- ry Surgeon's opinion there will be no right to a claim for indemnization. Art. 17 — For the effects of this present ordinance grant power to the Intendant to invest up to the amount of two hundred dollars paper for the acquisition of the inoculation remedy to be used as also for other indispensable expenditure. Art. 18 — The infractors of the provisions of this ordinance will pay a line of 25 dollars paper on the first occasion, 50 on the1 second and in the event of a repetition of the offence the Intendant's Dept. will order the Musing of the eow farm. Art. 19 — Notify the Intendant so as ensure pro- per compliance hereof. Granted in the Session Hall of the Honorable Deliberating Council on the fourteenth day of the month of February in the year one thousand nine hundred and seven. Sgd.) /'. Rodrigut :. Fco. Seco. Secretary IV< sident. ( 'ninply. publish and have Sled, Villa .Maria. 18th February, 1907. Angel VUlasuso, '■'. Pon tti, Secretary. I Qtendant. Ill DECREE Appointing the Committee to control the work- ing and results of the experience B. Aires, 17th January 1907. The contract entered into between Professor Jose Lignieres in representation of the Superior Govern- ment and Professor von Behring for his own account having been approved for the testing in the country of his method of curing Bovine Tuberculosis and that of preventive inmunity against said disease for which in representation of Doctor Behring his assis- tant is to come to this country and as it is convenient to study the proceed to be followed and to have a knowledge of the results which are obtained. The President of the Republic DECREES Art. 1 — Appointment of Messrs Doctor Eliseo Canton, Senior of the Faculty of Medical Science, Doctor Carlos Malbran President of the National 112 Eealth Dept. — Doctor Jose Penua. Director of the Public Assistance — Doctor Jose R. Semprun, Direc- tor of the Alms Asylum — Doctor Pedro N. Arata, Director of the Theory of Agriculture and Veterina- ry Superior School and of the Chimical Office. Doe- tor Julio Mendez ex Professor of the Faculty of Me- dical Science — Doctor Fermin Rodriguez (son), Di- rector of the Villa Maria Sanatory — Profesor Jose Lignieres, Director of the National Bacteriological Institute — Veterinary Surgeon, Ramon Pi da it. Ge- neral Inspector of the Sanitary Police- for Animals in order that constituting a Committee it shall fol- low the process employed by Doctor Homer and sup- ply information to the E. P. as to the results. Art. 2 — The Animal Division will provide the Committe referred to in article 1, whenever such ma- kes a request, with all the elements at its disposal for the better fulfilment of its duty. Art. 3 — Notify, publish and pass the National Registry. Sgd.) Figueroa Alcorta,— E. Ramos Mexia. As it was not possible for Doctor Julio Mendez to form part of the Committee as bis substitute the Government designated Doctor Desiderio Dave! who has just arrived in the country and who during a year had worked with Professors Behring and Ro- mer in their Laboratory a1 Marburg. Ministry of Public Works of the Province of Buenos Aires GENERAL DIRECTION OF PUBLIC WORKS SECTION 7a. {Veterinary) ORDINANCE RENDERING COMPULSORY THE INOCULATION AG1 ANTI- TUBERCULOSIS OF COWS Art. 1 — The inoculation of remedy against tuber- culosis of cows of cow farms, dairies and cheese stores, is declared compulsory and of those which go through the streets with the purpose of providing milk for the public. Art. 2— The General Direction of Public Health will fix the periods within which the inoculation ope- ration is to be performed bearing in mind the neces- sities and requirements for the service of each loca- lity. Art. 3 — The injections can only be effected by 114 Veterinary Sugeons and the Health Dept. may or- der the means of control te be adopted which it may deem necessary with the purpose of shielding the form in which the operation is performed. Art. 4 — The animals which are proved to be tu- berculosis will be marked with a T on their front and immediate advice will be given to the respective Municipality so that it may be enabled to have the animals removed immediately from the establish- ment. The healthy animals will have the following mark placed on their homs "S" and a certificate will be issued to the owner with a complete statement of the special characteristics of the Animal. The complian- ce' with these conditions appertains to the Veterina- ry Surgeon who performs the in tion. Art. 5 — The General Direction of Health may issue the inoculation remedy which is prepared in its laboratories bul only to the Pharmacies or to th< Veterinary Surgeon and at its cost [true. Art. 6 — The results given in each cow farm of the inoculation against tuberculosis operation will be transmitted minutely to the Municipal Intendant's Dept. of the district by the Veterinary Surgeon wi- thin the following five days to that on which the operation was performed. Art. 7 l! is Q0l allowed thai tin re shall e\i<■ those which are in force I'm- the other Municipal offices. — 123 — Distribution of the Veterinary service Art. 15 — The veterinary service will be apportio- ned in the following manner. 1 — Inspections, before and after the slaughtering, of the animals which are sacrified in the Abasto Municipal slaughtering houses trichinous examina- tion of pork, inspection of the markets, butcher shops, cow farms, milk cows in transit and places which despatch preserved meat within the perime- ter of the first circunscription. Inspection of carts and wagons destined for the transport of meat such being applicable for birds and fish. II — Inspection, before and after the slaughte- ring of the animals which are sacrificed in the priva- te slaughtering houses of Tolosa. Trichinous exami- nation of pork, butcher shops cow farms milk cows in transit within the perimeter of the second cir- cunscription. Inspection of the carts which transport the meat such being applicable for birds am\ fish. Ill — Inoculation against tuberculosis of the milk cows of cow farms and of the cows in transit which provide the population with milk. Inspection of the markets butcher shops cow farms milk cows in tran- sit and places which despatch preserved meat within the perimeters of the third and fourth circunscrip- tions inspection and treatment of the animales be- longing to the Municipality and inspection of birds and fish. 124 IV — Thichinous examination of pork which is ta- ken to the Yards of the Administration of Cleaning and the Ensenada Municipal Inspection locality. Inspections of the markets, butcher shops, cow farms, milk cows in transit and ploces which despatch pre- served meat, within the perimeter of the animals be- longing to the municipality and inspection of birds and fish. V — Inoculation against tuberculosis of milk cows and of those in transit which provide milk to the population. Inspection of the markets, cow farms, milk cows in transit, butcher shops and places which despatch preserved meat within the perimeters of the sixth and seventh circumscription. Inspection of the birds and fish ami of the horses oi the tram- way companies and funeral coaches. Of the inoculation against tuberculosis Art. 16 — The inoculation of the milk cows will be performed by the veterinary surgeons, employes of the Inspection and the Dire-tor of same. Art. 17 Any veterinary surgeon having his di- ploma may effed said operation whenever lie gives advice thereof to the Municipal Authorities with three days anticipation. Ait. 18 In such cases ;i municipal veterinary ex- pressly designated or the Director himself will con- t ml the inoculation. L25 Art. 19 — The particular municipal veterinary who performs the inoculation of the milk cows which sup- ply the population must furnish the Direction with a statement every two days supplying information as to the number of animals inoculated, those tuber- culosis and as to those suspected of being so. Art. 20. — The frauds committed to pall the pro- perties diagnostics of the inoculation remedy will be punished by the closing of the cow farms during one' year. Art. 21 — The animals which do not favourably overthrow the effects of the inoculation remedy will be marked by fire on their horns with an S which will mean "healthy". Art. 22 — -Those which prove to be tuberculosis will be marked with a T which will signify "Tuber- culosis" and those suspected of being tuberculosis will be marked with some chemical substance and with a conventional sign, later the inoculation of said animals will be performed. Art. 23 — -In the cases in question mentioned in the preceeding article the cows will be removed from the cow farms and the sale of milk which they yield will be absolutely prohibited. Art. 24 — Granting of a period of ninety days which will be counted from the date of the appro- val of this regulation for performing the inocula- tion of the milk cows existing in the district or of any others whose milk is imported at this distrcit. 126 Art. 25 — The period in question having expired the yield of milk by the cows not inoculated will be absolutely prohibited proceeding later to close the cow farm. Art. 26 — Should it be proved by the municipal inspections that milk has been sold of cows which ha- ve not been inoculated a fine will be inflicted of twenty dollars paper on the first occasion and of fifty dollars on the second. Art. 27 — The inoculation of milk cows will be re- newed yearly. Of tin protests against the resolutions of the tech- nical staff Art. 28— The suppliers or any other interested parties may appeal to the judgement of a \v: , inary .surgeon having his diploma, against the resolutions of the technical staff in wich ease they will give im- mediate advice to the Superiority naming the per- son Who has been appointed for the purpose. Art. 29 — In common accord between the technical staff and the appointed an . expert the pla- ce ami precise hour will be fixed for the examina- t mil l>\ the experts. . 30 What lias been provided for by articles 28 ad 2!) is lo b,' accomplished within 24 hours af- h -li i he right to appea l v .i have b lished. 127 Art 31 — Should there be disagreement between the veterinary on service and the expert they will name an umpire whose sentence shall be difinite and not admit of appeal. Art, 32— Suppress art. 10, clause 3 of art. 11 and art, 17 of the Regulation of the Abasto Yards ana modify clause 6 of art 42 in this sense : it is proni- bited to tamper with the animals. La Plata, 19th March 1908 Approve the scheme of Reglamentation of the Ve- terinary Inspection, added, of which two hundred and fifty copies will be printed and insert in the M. R. etc., etc.— Si' the proceeding article, the sum of fifty thousand dollars paper is destined from the Gral. income for installing and providing in the Theory of Agriculture and Veterinary In- stitute, the establishments referred to with all its dependencies. Art. 3— From the time the Institute is ready for working operations none of the cows which are not for the slaughtering house can be introduced in the district unless they have been in the institute during the time necessary for its observation so as to enable the true state of its health being pronosti- cated. Art. 4 — The animal which is tuberculosis will be sacrificed and the result of the sale of the products which the ordinance authorizes to be issued shall be given to the owner as full indemnization. Art, 5 — For the animals which are suspected of being tuberculosis the test will be renewed and the observation prolonged until the real state of its health is ascertained and so as to act in accordance. Art. 6 — The animal which is in good health will be delivered to its owner to be taken 1o the cow farm fulfiling previously the indications established for guarnteeing its slate of inmunitj . Art. 7 The cows which are attacked by some other infections disease or which have merely been condemned as suspected of suffering Buch infermi- 129 ties will be kept isolated, enjoying proper treatment and will be delivered to their owner when there is no longer any danger of contagion. Art. 8 — Whilst the animals remain at the Institute the expenses will be for account of the Municipality and the milk yielded may be used without remune- ration, at the Hospitals, being steriolized previously. Art. 9 — The staff of the Inspection of Cow Farms will reside at the Institute of Observation which will be under its charge and whilst watching the sa- nitary state of the cows which are to be introducted in the cow farms will have renewed every six months and whenever deemed convenient inspections at the cow farms so as to submit, the animals which are logded there, if considered necessary, to other obser- vations at the institute ad-hoc. Art. 10 — The owners of cows which are introdu- ced to the district with the purpose of providing milk, when they have not been submitted to the prophilastic inspection referred to by the preceeding articles will suffer a fine of one hundred dollars paper for each animal and should they incur a repe- tion of the offence the closing of the cow farm and in addition imprisonment for ten days will be or- dered. Art. 11 — Cancell all the provisions in force which are in opposition to the regulations of this Ordi- nance. - 130 - Art. 12 — This ordinance will commence to have power six months after its promulgation. Art. 13— Notify, etc. Sgd. — Salas, Eugenio T. Soria. Sanitary Police Regulations N°. 2 SPECIAL REGULATIONS FOR INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISH- MENTS Busnos Aires, October 4th, 1906. In conformity with the rights granted to the Exe- cutive Power for Animals and it being convenient to regulate separately the sanitary police measure ap- plicable for the establishments which elaborate pro- ducts from animal origin and the sale section of sari \ The President of the Republic DECREES Art. 1— (Law No. 3959 Art 1). The Animal Di- vision with the approval of the Minister of Agricul- ture will dictate the instructions which are to be observed for the inspection of the cattle market, (tablada) fairings, slaughter houses, cold storages, salting places, and in general all the establishments 132 where products from animal origin are elaborated, when the places where the sale is effected or the sa- crifice of animals takes place or where the manufac- turing establishments are situated or from which the' products are extracted, belong to the federal jurisdiction, or if they are situated in a province, the animals or the products proceed from another na- tion some othe^ province or from other territories or are destined tor international commerce interpro- vintial or that of a province with territories of the federal jurisdiction or vice versa. Art. 2 — The cattle market and slaughter house of Liniers (Federal Capital), the Barracas al Sur market (Buenos Aires, slaughtering market Tabla- da station, the cattle market and slaughter house of Rosario (Santa Fe) and any other which in fu- ture may be in identical conditions will be under the sanitary vigilance of the Animal Division which will designate the veterinary inspectors who will be entrusted with the application of the provi- sions of this present decree and the instrucctions which in consequence are dictated in accordance with the following rules. a) In the cattle market of Barracas al Sur and slaughter house, the sanitary vigilance, from ;i ve- terinary point of view, will be exercised exclusively by the inspectors of animals. b) h) the other markets the sanitary vigilance — 133 — will also be' effected by the inspectors of the Animal Division but in conformity with the regulations of the municipal authorities in order to distribute the different sanitary objects which the national and local inspections are to control. c) The inspectors of the markets (tablada), etc., will inspect the cattle in the yards, inclosures, mar- ket places, etc., and will prohibit the sale or the ex- traction for sluaghtering or for any other destiny, of all the animals attacked by contagious diseases or suspected of being so, unless effected in the condi- tions which in certain cases are determined by spe- cial resolutions of the animal Division. Special instructions issued by the Sanitaay Dibisidn Art. 3— Special instructions dictated by the Ani- mal Division and approved by the Ministry, placed in each establishment will indicate, taking into ac- count its importance and situation as also the form of performing the operations, the conduct to which the veterinary inspectors will be subject. Fairs and expositions— Permits te be requested Art. 4 — Every fair or cattle show or be it sale section or of exhibition during certain days of the year, where animals can be sold or purchased which are to be transported through the territory of more than one province or though a province and a terri- - 134 — tory in the federal jurisdiction, must be authorized and come under the vigilance of the Sanitary Divi- sion with which object in view the organizers or ad- ministrators with twenty days anticipation are to apply for the corresponding permits. Treatment in the event of contagions diseases being pi ored Art. 5 — Every time the veterinaries entrusted with the inspection of fairs or cattle shows prove the existance there of animals attacked by contagious diseases or suspected of being so they will proceed to isolate them, adopt the requisite measures inves- tigate the origin and the extension of the disease, take the name of the owner and thp situation of the establishment where they were isolated and in me- diately comunicate the information gathered to the Sanitary Division. Industrial establishments which elavorate products fron animal origin Art. 6 — All the existing industrial establishments or those which may be installed in future with the purpose of elaborating animal products destined to international commerce interprovincial or of terri- tories of the federal jurisdiction and Buch establish- ments situated within the quarters in question will be subjecl to the Banitary inspection by the veteri- nary surgeons of the Sanitary Division. - 135 -- Sanitary condition*, payments and locality for veterinary inspections Art. 7 — The industrial establishments (salting places, cold storages, manufactures of preserved meat, tallow works, etc.) existing can only continue the elaboration of animal products after the publis- ing of this decree when according to the judgement of the Sanitary Division they unite the necessary hygienic conditions and when they agree to pay monthly the expenses of the veterinary inspection which is demanded by the nature or importance of the establishment. They will also be compelled to provide a locality for the veterinary inspection and in case the inspec- tor does not reside in the establishment of whose inspection he is in charge it will be for the compa- nies account to supply the means of transport for his daily conduction to the factory. Seal and certificates for products destined to interna- tional commerce and interprovincial Art. 8 — All the establishments which elaborate products from pork, of any animal origin, destined for exportation for interprovincial commerce or of a province with the federal capital or vice versa, are to issue their products with a stamp which testifies to the corresponding technical inspection placed — 136 -- thereon in the form and manner established by the instructions of the Sanitary Division and in addi- tion the mark of the factory by which it will be pos- sible to precise its industrial procedure and for the establishments which the instructions determine a certificate testifying to the sanitary inspection ef- fected. Inspection of thi imported animal •products Art. 9— As from the first of January 1907 all products from pork and from other animal origin which is imported are to be inspected before allow- ing its introduction. The object of the inspection will be to guarantee that the products do not proceed from animals at- tacked by contagious diseases and thai they are of good conditions which will admit of its use for nou- rishment. Certificah for imported products Art, 10 — All the products from animal origin to which the proceeding article lias reference are to be accompanied by a certificate of the country of its industrial procedure • I m l > legalized which testifies to their proceeding from establishments subjeel toa sanitary inspection similar to thai in force for ana- logous corporations operating in this Republic. 137 The limitation of ce/tificates oj exportation Art. 11 The official certificates of veterinary ins- pection will only be granted for the products pro- ceeding from animals slaughtered in the Republic. Instruction* which trill he issued by the Sanitary Division Art. 12 — The Animal Division will issue special instructions for the sanitary service of the cold sto- rages, salting places and other industrial establish- ments of this nature in accordance with the requi- rements of each region and for the better service of the inspection. Penalties Art. 13 — Any infrigement of the proceeding sti- pulations should a penalty not be specially provided for by the law of the Sanitary Police for Animals will be punished by the infliction of a fine of from $ 100 (one hundred) to $ 500 (five hundred do- llars) or with imprisonment for thirty (30) to six- ty (60) days of the party at fault, in conformity with the importance of the infraction. (Law 3959 articulo 29). Art. 11— The Sanitary Division when dictating the special instruction for the cattle markets and for the establishments referred to by article 12 will determine the division of the penalties provided for [38 by the preceeding article in accordance with the im- portance of the offence in each case or according to the number of heads a herd may consist of when ani- mals attacked b}' parasitic diseases are being consi- dered whose form of transport has been in violation of the regulations. Art. 15 — Notify, publish and pass to the Natio- nal Registry. — Sgd). — Figueroa Alcorta. E. Ramos Mexia. Note — The Sanitary Division distributes in loose sheets appendix with instructions for the applica- tion of the present decree. Appendix No 1 reft the regulations of the inspection of sanitary \ rinary of the Tablada market and No. 2 to the Re- gulations of the cold storages, salting places and other ^stfiblisbmpnts which elaborate products from animal origin. For the future other special instru- ments will be published. The treatment and prevention of the bovine tuberculosis IMPORTANT INITIATIVE OF THE ARGENTINE GOVERNMENT For the objet of taking advantage in the Argen- tine Republic of the new discoveries made in the treatment of bovine tuberculosis Mr. Ezequiel Ra- mos Mexia Minister of Agriculture to Buenos Aires has ordered in the month of July 1906 from our co- lleague Professor Jose Lignieres Director of the Na- tional Bacteriological Institute to present the fo- llowing propositions to the persons concerned in this matter. The Government bearing the expenses places at the disposal of the experts who posses an efficient re- medy against tuberculosis the bovine animals of marked value imported from Europe and reprodu- ce the disease in this country and which have been slaughtered on account of showing reactionary di- sease since having received the tuberculine. The animals in question whose average price amounts to 10.000 franks and amongst which exist the champions bought in England 40 and even 140 50.000 franks and which are apparently in excellent health and whose disposition to tuberculosis is prac- tically remote. 11 is evident thai if the treatment is to be effec- ted with efficienl results there is no better medium Hum those animals whereas it would be entirely dif- ferent if a cow badly nourished were in question in its had Lungs flesh and wounds. Of all the experts who have been consulted by Professor Lignieres in France as well as in Germa- ny Belgiun and Italy only one up to the present \ i : Professor von Berhing has accepted the proposal of the Argentine Government which being interested in the curative methods of tuberculosis has inmedia- tely adopted the plans of Professor Berhing. For the self same reason articles 9 and 10 have 'been attached to the contracl which is transcribed below. The interested parties are called upon to note that art. 4 admits of other people experimenting. CONTRACT The following lias been agreed to by Hie Minister of Agriculture on the our part and Professor von Berhing of (he other part. Art. 1 The Argentine Government desirous of utilizing Hie bovine reproducers which give a reac- — 141 — tion to the tubercuilne and which are actually slaughtered on account of the pest and without gains agrees to lodge same under its inmediate ins- pection and care in an hospital especially designed for receiving these animals. All or some of these animals will be placed at the disposal of Professor Berhing who agrees to have applied in Buenos Aires his curative method which having been scientifically tested has proved successful with cattle and with sheep. Art. 2 — Professor Berhing has compromised him- self to send to Buenos Aires his chief assistant Dr. Pablo Romer to apply the treatment on the impor- ted bovines suffering from tuberculosis. His engagement is for the term of one year. Art. 3 — As regards remuneration Dr. Romer will receive upon the signing of this contract and for his passage out the sum of $ 2000 marks. From the first day of his arrival in Buenos Aires he will enjoy a monthly salary of $ 1000 paper. His mision having been fulfilled Dr. Romer will receive a fur- ther $ 1000 marks to cover his return journey to Europe. Art. 4 — Dr. Romer complying with the instruc- tions of Professor Berhing will merely be the judge of the nature form and intensity of the treatment. He cannot demand that all the imported animals for breeding should be placed at his disposal which 142 give a reaction to the tuberculine but only a part of them. The right of controlling the mode and result of the treatment belongs to a special Committee which for the purpose will be named by the Minister of Agriculture The Committee can in no case interfere with nor demand that it should be placed at its disposal. Art. 5 — "When Dr. Romer considers that the ani- mals treated have been practically cured he will have to prove the same to the Committee When the Committee approves that the animals treated art: cured they will be handed over to their respecthe owners and will be periodically inspected for the said Committee. A certain number of the animals treated will be slaughtered and the autopsy will take place before the Committee when Dr. Hornet will have to illustrate the result of the treatment. The animals not cured within the space ii six months will be slaughtered so as to allow for the carrying out of the autopsy. Those tuberculosis animals used for breeding will be slaughtered so as not to prolong the treatment. Ail. li -The Argentine Government compromises itself to pay to Professor Berhing the value of the curative specific at the rat. cf $ 1 for each injection hut each cur;' is not to exceed ten injections. Art. 7 '•: th" event of the Argentine Govern- - 143 — ment or Professor Behring considering the conti- nuation of Mr. Homer's mission useless up to the conclusion of the stipulated year they are entitled to cancel the contract without indemnization by any of the parties excepting the $ 1000 for Dr. Romer's return journey. Art. 8 — Be it that the mission has lasted a year or less and the results have proved satisfactory Profes- sor Behring will compromise himself to have his re- medy practically benefitted by the Argentine Go- vernment after the departure of his representative. Art. 9 — Besides the obligations indicated in the preceeding article Professor von Behring compro- mises himself to have tested by Dr. Romer his bo- vine vaccine on the bovines especially selected by the Argentine Government and which will be pla- ced at its disposal. The Argentine Government will pay for the bo- vine vaccine employed in these cases. Art. 10 — The programme foi the experiments with the bovine vaccine will be previously fixed and be already approved of by Professor von Behr- ing. Berlin, February 12th 1907. In accordance with article 10 Professor Lignie- res has formulated the following programme which was accepted by Professor von Behring and which - 144 - adheres to the proceeding contracl as regards to the exactness and importance of the experiments which are to be effected in Bnenos Aires. The programme of the experiments of the bovine vaccine which are to be realized in the Argentine Republic in accordance with the contract entered into with Professor Behring. The experiments will be carried out under the following conditions on bovines expressly marked which have an age of from 20 days to three months and born in localities unaffected by tuberculosis .•mil previously tuberculized and which should suc- cessfully support the aforesaid operation. The lirsl scries will consist of 50 animals of which 20 will serve as tests and the remaining 30 will re- ceive their first vaccination from Dr. Homer. The i'irsi vaccination will he carried out for the Com •mittee on the experimental animals so .-is i<> determi He the exacl state of their health. After the first vaccination the inoculated animals and those pre- sent will receive the ordinary freedom of life with- out being allowed 1<> associate with other animals o\' the bovine species. Those which after three months "t* inoculation will be buberculinized, two of the vaccinated will be slaughtered for the automv .■:•: ' - 145 — some of their organs or tissues healthy or not will be used for the inoculation of the experimental ani- mals, after which the remaining 28 animals will be inoculated by Dr. Romer with the second vaccina- tion. The second vaccination as the first will be carried out in the same mode and under the same conditions on the experimental animals. Those inoculated aud the others present will al- ways be together under the ordinary conditions of life. Three months after the .second vaccination th< inoculated and those present will be submitted I the tuberculine test. As soon as the results are ascertained two bov nes will be slaughtered for the autopsy and thei organs or tissues, health}' or otherwise will be in<> ciliated for the Committee on susceptible animals. At the same epoch meaning six months after lb second vaccination the 24 remaining bovines an the 20 others present will be submitted by the Co1 mittee to the test of the bovine virus tuberculosa In the following manner 5 vaccinated animal and 5 of those present will receive the virus in V veins, 5 vaccinated animals and 5 of those presei will receive the virus under the skin. 14 vaccinal animals and 10 of those present will be confin in a limited space in close but natural cont with the animals which are tuberculosis. - 146 — Six months after the inoculary test all those surviving will receive an injection of tuberculine and afterwards be slaughtered whether cured or still affected by the tuberculine. Two vaccinated animals and two of tho^e pre- sent which had been vaccinated in the veins and two of those which received inoculation under the skin. As regards to those vaccinated and to those present submitted, to the test of natural contami- nation none of same will be slaughtered with the exception of those showing a notable reaction to the tuberculine. One year after the testing inocu- lation the remaining animals will again be tuber- culinized. They will then be slaughtered whether they show reactionary signs or not this meaning two of those vaccinated or two of those present which have been inoculated in the veins as also two of those vaccinated and two of those present having received inoculation under the skin and moreover all those animals contaminated which give a reaction. Nevertheless one year and a half after the test of small pox has been carried out) all the remain- ing animals shall be slaughtered and I he autopsj of them taken after the last injection of tubercu- line. After every autopsy the Committee is com- pelled to inoculate all susceptible animals ami the wounds which may he found and the pulpe of the — 147 — of the "organs and the tissues which are apparently healthy or until such time as they assume a non tuberculosis state. The second series also consists of 50 bovines which will be subject to a different regime from that of the first, they will be submitted to the same ordeal -but one month later. The third series will commence one month after the second consist- ing of the same number of animals placed in a different locality but will be submitted to the same experiences. The fourth series will be composes of 30 head of cattle of which 10 will be vaccinated simulta- neously with those of the first series ten at the same time as those of the second were vaccinated and 10 together with those of the third. All these animals will be preserved under ordinary circums- tances and without coming tuberculinized. One year later ten of these animals will be tu- berculinized and afterwards submitted to the con- tamination test of the virulent bovine vacillus of tuberculosis. The same experiment will be made on ten others which have been vaccinated two years af- ter the injection. Lastly the last ten will be em- ployed under conditions at the end of three years. To facilitate the observations and investigations the animals which are to receive the autopsy vvdll be transported to Buenos Aires. — 148 - For each series two veterinaries proposed by the controlling Committee will be destined to the sa- nitary vigilance for animals who will take note of the circumstances surrouding the case in a special and rubricated register. Paris. 1st February 1907. J. Lignieres. It is understood that for the first three series I have the right to employ vaccine elaborated in Marburg and transported to Buenos Aires, for the second series fresh vaccine prepared in Buenos Ai- res by Dr. Romer and lastly for the third series on- ly one vaccine instead of two. M Marburg, 14th February 1907 E. Behring, We will keep our fenders informed of the result of all experiments, [n the mean time we can assure them that the health of Professor von Behring is excellent and, quite contrary to the reports circu- lated and he continues to work assiduosly in bis laboratory a1 Markburg. OFFICIAL COMMITTEE'1' president Doctor Jos£ Penna — Director oj the Public Asistance of B. Aires. vice-president Doctor J. R. Semprun — Direc- tor of the Alius House of Buenos Aires. general secretary Doctor Fermfn Rodri- guez (hijo) — Director oj the Santa Maria Sanitorium* assistant secretari Veterinary Surgeon Doctor Ramon Bidart — Ge- neral Inspector of the Sani- tary Police. committee Doctor Eliseo Canton — Senior of the B. Aires Medical Science Faculty. Doctor Carlos Malbran — Pre- sident of the Hygiene Na- tional Dep. Doctor Pedro N. Arata— Di- rector of the Theory of Agriculture and Veterina- ry Superior School and of the Municipal Chinical Of- fice. Professor Jose Lignieres — Di- rector of the National Bac- teriological Institute. Doctor Desiderio Davel. (1) This official Committee is the reffered to in the contract. Page 142. Art. 4°. Regulation for cold storages, salting pla- ces, tallow Works and preserved meat factories SECTION A. c GENERAL CONDITIONS OF HYGIENE WICH ARE TO BE OBSERVED BY THE ESTABLISHMENTS Art 1 — The cold storages, salting places, lallojv works and other establishments like them already installed as well as those which may be established in future shall adhere to the general prescriptions of the sanitary police regulations and to the spe- cial ones of this document. Art. 2 — All the principal dependencies of the es- tablishment such as the slaughtering yard, drying dept., intestines emptier, tallow works, hide salting places, preparation of the jerked beef, of the es tract of meat or of any other produd elaborated by the factory, are to be separate one Prom the other. Art. 3 The slaughtering yard musl contain: ,-! i A shed or identical covering of adecuate ma- teria] Chni qo1 of wood) with the conditions of - 151 - ventilation light and interior impermeable walls (when closed) which the Animal Division may de- termine in each case after the inspection of plans and of the places has been carried out. b) Floor of Portland or of any other impermea- ble material which the Animal Division may appro- ve absolutely level with a sufficient incline and connected in an angle with the wall. c) Ample chanels and abundantly distributed and with gratings around all of the chanels. d) Abundant water service. e) Impermeable tables for the manipulation of the meat. f) Wheel barrows and depots for healty vis- cus and for the parts confiscated (these with mo- veable covers) linned with impermeable material, sieves with metalic netting for sundries and cans for the tongues, rubber brooms for cleaning. Art. 4 — Contiguous to the yard there is to be: a) Washing service and service of easy approach and accomodating for the use of the employes. *b) Halls for aprons and utensil cupbboards for the employes which are to be kept perfectly clean (When the working depts. are on several story s the following dependencies are to exist in each storey). c) An office for the Veterinary Inspection of a capacity proportioned to serve the purpose of an office and a laboratory with a sink and a water 152 service at an angle. Their openings will be provi- ded with frames having metallic netting with a de- vice for dosing iiie door automatically. Art. 5 — The drying chamber must be well ven- tilated and the ventilators are to be of suffi force to be available for sei vice in summer. The floors with their joints are to be water tight the use of saw dust must be avoided and a space is to exist within the same drying hall where the confiscated animals are to be kept. Art. 6 — The intestines emptier will be of identi- cal construction to that of the yards and the vessels for the refuse will be of iron or of some other im- permeable material. Art. 7 — When the grease is destined for alimen- tation the tallow works shall meet the following conditions. a) Enamelled floors. b)The interior wall must be of enamelled mate- rial or metallic with impermeable joints in all its height and the ceiling of material and arched. c) Impermeable tallies and galvanized iron ves- sels. d) Doors and windows protected with metallic e) A special dependency as a depot for grease in vessels. When the grease is for industrial consumption it 163 - will be sufficient if the floors are impermeable and the Animal Division will only exact the compliance with those conditions which are necessary for the proper hygienic condition of the dept. Art. 8 — The cold storage chambers must meet the most rigorous hygiene requirements in clean- liness and ventilation, it is to be preferred that the airing shall be by means of ventilators. Art. 9 — The depts. of extract of meat, meat dust, preserved tongues and other analogous products must have. a) Their walls impermeable throughout the same as the floors. b) Marble tables or of any other metal or ena- melled material. c) Metallic vessels or impermeables for the trans- port of the meat or linned with zinc or metallic netting. d) Doors and windows with metallic netting. Art. 10 — The hide salting places will have im- permeable floors and Portland sinks for salting. Art. 11 — The depts and packing of the jerked meat are to meet satisfactory hygiene and ventila- tion conditions. Art, 12 — The columns will be ample and will be installed in well paved floors. They will have a suitable orientation. The paviment will be of granite stone with their joints filled with cement. — 154 — Art. 13— The dependencies for the tongues and other sundries in the salting places will be cons- tructed of impermeable material and their open- nings with panels of metallic netting having fixed and automatic closing devices. Art. 14— The autopsy hall will be isolated and will be of easy approach for the carts which trans- port the dead animals and it will also meet the fo- llowing conditions. a) Impermeable walls up to three metres in height. b) Portland floors with an ample declivity and also with ample chanels. c) Sink for washing tools and for the use of the staff. d) Water service facet adaptable to a hose. e) Cupboard for aprons and tools which will be used exclusively for autopsy. f) Cart for transport of dead animals linned with zinc and which will be disinfected each time il is used. g) An oven for incineration (o tacho digeridor Art. 15 — In each establishment there will be a suffieienl number of water closets which will be eostrueted in conformity with the prescriptions of the Local ordinances or with those of tin- General Sanitary Dept. Art. Hi The yards will be ample and properly - 155 - secure, the floors of fire bricks with a declivity and necessary drainage and provided with troughs. Art. 17 — The streets of the establishment will be ample, and paved and will be kept, perfectly clean. Art. 8 — Any other elaborations of products from animal origin which are not expressly understood by this regulation will be subject to the special prescriptions which the Animal Division stipulates. SECTION B Sanitary inspection Art. 19 — The cold storages salting places tallow works and preserved meat factories come under the direct vigilance of the sanitary dept.. as imposed, by the Animal Division. Art. 20 — "When requesting authorization to com- mence work the companies should furnish details of the manner of working class and species of the products to be elaborated. In future advice must be given with sufficient anticipation of any change to be effected in the procedure of elaboration, when new products are manufactured so as to enable the Animal Division to realize the corresponding ins- pection and grant the reglamentary certificates. Art. 21 — For the purpose of revision the compa- nies ar1 compelled to give adviee to the veterinary 156 surgeon service, with anticipation of the arrival of herds at the establishment. Such is to be' placed in a convenient place before the entrance of the ani- mals iu the inclosures. Art. 22 — The companies will endeavour as far as possible to have the animals arrive at the establish- ment during the day, that is before the evening. Art. 23 — The companies furthermore will also comply with the following obligations. 1 — The animals which proceed from the cattle market, must be provided with a certificate of health granted by the Inspection Dept. of said mar- kets. 2 — The animals which arrive by (arreo) or rail- way coming from long distances are to be allowed to rest in yards for such a time as the veterinary surgeon may deem necessary previous to staring the slaughtering. 3 — They will furnish the veterinary inspector with every possible detail in connection with the herd i. e. number of voueheT, of animals, procedu- re, ets » 4 — Will notify the veterinary inspector with anticipation the hour in which operations will commence which never ami under no pretexl can be commenced with when the party in question is not a witness thi reof. 5 — The entrance of the sanitary inspector will - 157 - be allowed in all the dependencies of an establish- ment where products are elaborated. 6_The' necessary time will be allowed to the sa- nitary inspector so that he may revise all the ani- mals (with their viscus) regarding each herd (ten- dida). 7_The animal refuse will be destroyed solid or liquid in accordance with the instruction of the sanitary inspector. 8 — The water which is employed to wash the meat must be from a semisurgeant well (pozo semi- surgente) and if preceding from elsewhere it must be filtered unless for special reasons the Animal Division allows the use of water which has not been filtered. 9 — The entrance of dogs in the establishments is prohibited. Art. 24 — The confiscations practiced by the sa- nitary inspector as also the other indications with reference to certain products are to be accepted by the companies and their regulations effected in the presence of said party. Art. 25 — All the meats congealled as also cold must have special labels analogous for all the esta- blishments, signed by the veterinary inspector, the jerked meat and those products which are despat- ched in cases, boxes, etc. will carry the stamp of the Ministry of Agricultude which will be put on by the inspector. — 15.S — Art. 26 — All cargo exported must carry a sanita- ry certificate unless the Animal Division shall ex- cempt the bearer from this obligation. Said certifi- cate can, in no case, be granted by the sanitary ins- pector who will limit himself to furnish a provi- sional voucher to be exchanged for the definite one at the Animal Division. Art. 27 — -The staff directly in charge of the ma- nipulation of the meat will be bound to the follo- wing conditions •a) Are to have a medical certificate which will testify that they do not suffer any contagiuos di- sease' or from any other complaint which the sani- tary inspector deems would render it incapable of performing those works and which will state that they have complied with the vaccination law. b) Said certificates can be renewed every six months and should it be deemed convenient the sanitary inspector can exact a medical examination being practiced at any moment. c) They will be provided with hygienic suits. d) Smoking is absolutely prohibited at the slaughtering yards and at the other dependencies where products are elaborated. Art. 28 Those who commil any of the following infringments will be punished with the maximum of the penalties accorded by law No. 3959 of the Sanitary Police fox Animals. 159 a) Tliose who employ confiscated meat (carries decomisadas) or that which has been declared bad by the official inspectors. b) Those who use meat from animals which have not been previously inspected by offitially autho- rized veterinaries. c) Those who change the form of elaboration who have not given advice with anticipation to the Animal Division. Art. 29 — (Law 4155 art. 5 Every infringment of the prescriptions of this Regulation will De pu- nish, if a penalty is not especially provided for by the General Sanitary olice Law No. 3959, with a fine from $ 100 to $ 500 or imprisonment for 30 to 60 days according to the importance of the in- fringment. Art. 30 — "Without prejudice to the application of the fines established by the laws and regulations of the Sanitary Police, the Animal Division may prevent the working of the establishments who re- fuse to comply with the resolutions issued for the application of the reglamentary prescriptions. Buenos Aires, January 21st 1907. To His Excellency the Minister of Agriculture, Dr. Ezequiel Ramos Mexia. Sir: Article 12 of the Sanitary Police Regulation for Animals No. 2 of th of October last, states that - 160 — "the Animal Division will issue special instruc- tions for the sanitary service of the cold storages, salting places and other industrial establishments of this category in accordance with the require- ments of each region and bearing in mind the best service of inspection". So as to comply with that prescription the dra- wing up of the regulation was entrusted to the Chief of the Inspectors of the cold storages and salting places, veterinary surgeon Nicolas T. Sua- rez Esq. The scheme having been presented and approved in all its parts by the General Inspection Dept. the undersigned has just done the same with certain modifications which do not in any way alter its foundation or the spirit thereof. I hereby submit it to your Excellency in the sa- me form as I did so with the (Tablada) regulations and of the (embutidos) factory and at the same time I request authorization to have same printed as appendix No. 2 of the Regulation of the Sanita- ry Police for Animals No. 2 (No. 1 is thai of (Ta- blada) and No. 3 is thai of the (embutidos) fac lory. Dins guarde a V. E. (Signed) Jose Leon Sudrez. The scheme of regulation for the service of the 161 •cold storages salting places and other industrial es- tablishments of that nature having been under con- sideration, the Animal Division opinion having been heard and it having been found that said scheme of regulation meet the conditions which are essential for the working of establishments of that nature. It is resolved 1 — To approve the scheme of regulation for the sanitary service of the cold storages salting places and other industrial establishments of the eatego- ry in question. 2 — To return it to the mentioned Division in or- der that same shall put it in force. Signed) Ramos Metia. This present Regulation having been ap have a copy taken of it for the printers and publi- shed in a pamphlet as Appendix No. 2 of the Regu- lation of the Sanitary Police for Animates N'o. 2 Ministry of Agriculture of the Argentine Republics SAXITARI POLICE FOR ANIMALS N°. 1 General Regulations of Sanitary Police for Animals DECREE OF NOVEMBER 8 TH 1906 Sanitary Division, Zoological and Veterinary Police GENERAL REGULATION OF THE SANITARY POLICE FOR ANIMALS Buenos Aires, November 8th 1909 The experience having demostrated the necessi- ty of reforming the regulations in force of the Sa- nitary Police for Animals adjusting them more strictly to the spirit of la\v No. 3959 as also the ex press text of its provisions and simplifying them as Ear as possible so that they will be of more easy comprehension and application. The President of the Republic DECREES Art. 1 The cancelling "l' tie- regulation of Hit* Sanitary Police for Animals dictated by decree »f I he 15th of February 1902. - 163 - Art. 2 — The general regulation of the sanitary- police for animals whose insertion follows, is here- by declared as in force from this date and such is inclusive of the provisions of law No. 3959 for the better comprehension and clearness of same and the text is distributed in accordance with the order it should follow. General regulation of the Sanitary Police for Animals SECTION I Art. 1 — The protection of cattle in the territory of the Republic against the invasion of exotic con- tagious diseases and against the action of epizooty now existent in the country, will be carried out by the Executive Power through the medium es- tablished by this law. 1 — In the capital of the National Republic te- rritories and quarters subject exclusively to the jurisdiction of the National Government. 2 — In connection with the operations of impor- tation and exportation to and from f oreing quarters. 3 — Concerning the traffic and commerce in cat- tle between one province and another or any of the situations mentioned in clause No. 1. 4 — In all those cases in which the governors of. a province request interventions for the limits wi- 164 thin their respective jurisdiction or when eonta- giuos diseases are to be handled and these extend to more than one province or when, although occu- rring in only one of them the infermity assumes an epizootic character and threaten danger outside of it (Law Art. 1). Contribution by the provincial governors Art. 2 — The governors of a province as natural agents of the National Government are to contri- bute towards the fulfilment of this Law within the limits of their respective territories. The Executive Power can, nevertheless, make use of their own staff, providing such with the ne- cessary authority to ensure the end in view, wheu e;reunstanees warrant this measure being adopted. (Law Art, 2) Faculty (/nn//.t/ to the Executive Power by this law Art. 3 — The Executive Power when regulating (his law will furnish a list wii/i the name of the di- seases to which art. 1 has reference and concerning which its action will apply and such may be debia- Icil from whenever it may be considered suitable. (Law Art. 3). Disease* which give rise to action being tak*n by the national simitar;/ police Art. 4 The following diseases are considered - l65 - exotic and in all cases constitute a danger for ani- mals in the Republic. The bovine pest, contagious Perineumonia, Ovi- nal smallpox, sinks, la fiebre aftosa, gla iders, scar- let, fever, foot and mouth disease. Exclusive jurisdiction of the National G»verment Art. 5 — Having reference to the di-;;-es speci- fied in the preceeding article all the inhabitants of the Republic are compelled to comply with the sa- nitary police provisions of this law .ind w:th the regulations of the Executive Power be it that the diseases occur within federal territories or within the boundaries of a province. Existing diseases which belong to the national jurisdiction Art. 6— The following are the exiting conta- gious diseases which when they assume an epizoo- tic character, are to be handled by the National Government. All species of carbuncle, all species of bovine symptomatic carbuncle, all species of tuberculosis. Ovine and goat scab the tristeza, hydrophobia and hog cholera and all species of Rabies. Denouncemcmt iirt. 7 — Every propietor or person who is in any - 166 - mannei .'n charge of. takin care of, or handling animals suffering from exotic contagious diseases or .^dspeeted of being attacked by sueti infermi- ties, is compelled to immediately inform said fact to the authorities as indicated by the' Sanitary au- thorities (Law Art. 4). Obligation to denounce Art. 8 — It is absolutely compulsory that the di- seases enumerated in Art. 4 of this regulation be denounced by anyone who may directly or indirec- tly come to know of their existence ami the Sani- tary Division will severely punish said omission by inflicting upon the culprit the full force of the' pe- nalities provided for by this law. To whom the denouncement is to be made Art. 9 — The denouncement should be made to the veterinary inspector who is nearest to the Sa- nitary Division of the Ministry of Agriculture. Special obligations of the national, provincial or municipal authorities Ail. 10 — The governors of the national territo- ries, the municipal inletnlanl of the district of tin- federal capital, the political chiefs, the captains ot police, the municipal intendants and all other na- tional authorities provincial or municipal who - 167 — through any cireunstauee nia.v come to know of the existence of any of the diseases enumerated in art. 4, are compelled to comunicate said fact to the ve- terinary inspector nearest to the Sanitary Division of the Ministry of Agriculture. Initial meausures to be adopted for cases of conta- gious disease* or suspected to have died from tJiem Art. 11— Without prejudice to this declaration and even before the authorities intervene, from the moment the owner or his representative may have noticed the first symptons of the contagious disea- se, they should proceed forthwith to isolate the in- form animal,-" keeping it apart as far as possible from the hearty animals. The same declaration and isolation are compul- sory as concerns the dead animals or those suppo- ssed to have died owing to contagious diseases and the remains are to be buried or destroyed in the manner specified in the regulations of the Execu- tive Power. Steps which are to be taken by the authorities as an initial measure Art. 12— At the moment the authority received the denouncement or has knowledge of the existen- ce of the disease, same will adopt measures to en- sure the fulfilment of the provisions of the afo- \()S resaid article furnishing everything which ma) b( necessary for the execution thereof and ordering that the diseased animals be looked at an examined when this is possible and of those dead by the ex- pert who may be available so as to testify as to the nature of the infermity. Communication to tin- Executive Power Art. 13 — The same authority will also bring the fact to the knowledge of the Executive Power in the manner and through the means indicated in the regulations. Diver* measure* which may he adopted by the Kvecuthe Power Art. 14 — If from the information given to the Executive Power it happens that the disease co- mes under those mentioned in the regulations which article 4 deals with or that the case comes under the infermities included in the clauses of article 1, the Executive Power may declare the proyerty infected the region or the whole provin- ce according to the seriousness of the case and it will have power to isolate sequestrate and prohi- bit the transil of animals of the infected /.one :n order to disinfect ami even destroy the animals and the things wich may cause the conveyance of contagion and so as to adopt those measures which. - 169 - in each case, may be suggested advisable to adopt by the nature and character of the epizooty. Art. 15 — The declaration of infection will deter- mine the extension of territory which is covered and will give rise to the application of the follo- wing sanitary measures. 1 — Granting to the veterinary health dept. all opportunities of vigilance in the transit of the per- sons and animals and of the transport of the things within the boundary of the property, region, or province infected and of communication with the different quarters. 2 — Isolation, vigilance, sequestry, treatment, marking and inventory of the animals and herds contained within the boundaries of the districts in- fected. 3 — Complete or partial isolation of the region declared infected and prohibiting in the first men- tioned case of comunication of persons or trans- port of things when owing to not having previous- ly been disinfected they may be the cause of con- veying contagion. 4 — Absolute prohibition or conditional of having shows and fairs and of the transport and circula- tion of cattle. 5 — Incineration or disinfection through other modes according to the diseases or objects dealt with of the stalls, sheds or stables, vehicles, en- closures and of every object which may have been 170 in contact with the diseased animals or of suspec- ted inform cattle or which may be' the cause of conveying contagion. 6 — Desoccupatdon of camps for a certain period, desinfection of these by fire and provisional pro hibition of the use of the' natural or artifitinl ap pliances for watering animals. 7 — Prohibition of the sale for consumption or ot taking advantage in any form whatever of disea- sed animals- or suspected as also of the products from them or remains without first having permis- sion from the veterinary sanitary authority. 8 — Preventive inmunity or provocated infection of the animals as circunstances require. Isolation Art. 16 — On every occasion when a property or region is declared infected, the veterinary inspec- tors shall proceed to separate the diseased animals or suspected from their species and from the others susceptible to contagion. Sequestration of diseased animnl and slaughtering of the same Art. 17 — When animals attacked by One of th< diseases enumerated in article I are concerned the isolation shall be complete and the sequestry of animals will be ordered and they will be placed 171 under the vigilance of the staff which the Sanita- ry Division shall name or of whom in agreement with the said dept. the owner may designate. Should the circumstances so advise the Sanitary Division may, in this case, order the slaughtering of the diseased animals. Obligation of the neighbouring owners Art. 18 — The neighbouring proprietors should prevent under the direction of the veterinary ins- pector the animals from approaching the boundary of the infected region. It should be determined in each case the appropriate boundary of the infected zone to Which the animals should be allowed to approach. Prohibition to is-ue guias Art. 19 — The Ministry of Agriculture will arran- ge that the authorities shall not issue guias whilst the infection is declared to exist and if the reso- lution is not complied with will declare the district, department or region infected as they may deem advisable, absolutely prohibiting the interprovin- cial transport to or from national territories and by national railways. Destruction of carcasses Art. 20 — The Sanitary Division will determine - 172 — the most adecuate and efficient measures to which the destruction of carcasses are to be subject and the cost of this operation shall be on the respective owners' account. Prohibition to transport diseased animals by railway Art. 21. — The introduction to the district of the federal capital or the national territories and to the establishments under the national sanitary ju- risdiction is prohibited the transit between provin- ces or between these and federal territories and the transport by railway, by the maritime' lines and by land or water of the animals attacked with any of diseases enumerated in articles 4 and 6. Dcsinfection <>f vehicles Art. 22 — Managers, carriers or transporters are obliged to disinfect their vehicles within 24 hours after the disembarcation of the stock, as in accor- dance with article 24, this refers to all classes of wagons, steamers, and vehicles which are used Eor the transport of stock by land or water. Under no circunstances can any of the aforesaid be used un- til the disinfection lias been earned out (Law 3959 article 11). Autopsy and destruction of carcaa es Art. 23 — The national railways and the other transporl Companies which convey animals are - 173 - compelled to facilitate the autopsy of the dead ani- mals and to supply the necessary elements for their destruction in the manner stated in the sa- nitary instructions of the Sanitary Division. Disinfection Art. 24 — It is compulsory to disinfect every quarter or place person or thing which may lodge germs or cause the spreading of contagion. The Sa- nitary Division will, in each case, determine the manner in which the operation shall be effected should such not already be included in the special laws and regulations which apply to each disease. SECOND SECTION Bovinr pest. Art. 25 — Immediately the existence of the bovi- ne pest has been proved the zone or region will be declared infected as the case may be and the fo- llowing measures will be applicable. 1 — Absolute isolation of the zone or region de- clared infected and the carrying into effect, within the same, of the measures established in articles 15 and 20. 2 — The animals belonging to whatsoever species cannot, under any pretext, leave the quarters re- served for the isolation but those which are roa- ming, if necessary, can be placed there. - 174 - 3 — The form of isolation referred to in elaufei 1 means sequestration nevertheless eggress of per- sons or the extraction of things from the infected zone will be prohibited even in the case of isola- tion. Except, in each case, when special permission be granted by the Sanitary Division. 4 — The diseased animals, those contaminated and also, in certain cases, those suspected will be slaughtered and their carcasses burnt at the places as may be determined. 5 — "Within the zone infected, the animals sus- ceptible to contagion, will be vaccinated. 6 — AM the places -and objects where it is believed germs of contagion exist will be closed until six months have transpired after the last case occu- rred and have been disinfected in the manner or- dered by the Sanitary Division. Co 1 1 tag ious p e r ine u monia Art. 26 — When the existence of contagious peri- neumonia is ascertained the provision of the pre- ceding articles will be acted mi and the closing of tin farm will be efected for a period of qo1 less than six months I'mm the date of the last ease. (him- small pox Art. 27- Immediately small pox is proved 1" exist in the ovine or goal species the region will 1h> - 175 - declared infected and the following measures be adopted. 1 — Isolation of the infected establishments and sequestry of the diseased animals. 2— The vaccination of the suspected and conta- minated animals. 3 — The carcasses and horns cannot be used. •1 — When thirty days have expired from the da- te of the last case or from that of the vaccination the animals will be bathed with some of the di- sinfecting compositions ordered by the Sanitary Division and the declaration of infection can be .withdrawn. 5 — The suspected animals may be slaughtered for consumption whenever the Sanitary Division may allow this. Equine sifilis Art. 28 — When the existence of equine sifilis is proved the animals attacked with it will be slaugh- tered the suspected sequestrated and the disinfec- tion performed which the Sanitary Division may order. In exceptional cases the Sanitary Division may order the castration of the equine species instead of slaughtering these. Aftosa fever Art. 29 — Immediately the existence of the fiebre aftosa has been proved the zone or region will be 170 declared infected as the case may be arid the fo- llowing measures will be adopted. 1 — Absolute isolation of the infected zone and of an extension which the Sanitary Division will de- termine for each case and the adoption therein of the specified measures for the declaration of in- fection. 2 — The animals of any species, things, persons and any objects which may be vehicles of infect i in. cannot leave the infected zone to that which is unaffected unless previously and sufficiently di- sinfected and in no case can pass from that free from disease to the infected parts unless equine animals or persons having special permits are in question. 3 — The diseased ami suspected animals shall re- main isolated in the establishments until eo tely cured. 4 — The carcasses or remains of the dead or slaughtered animals will be disposed of according to the mode determined by the Sanitary Division. 5 — The camps and the localities when the animals attacked with fiebre aftosa have been will he the ob- ject of being submitted to all the prophilastic mea- sures which it is possible to adopt. r. The declaration of infection is not to be can- celled until after 15 days have expired from the date the last case occurred and after the necesary disinfections have hi en affected. — 177 — 7_The milk of the diseased animals can only be used for the purposes determined by the Sanitary Division. 8— "When it is a question of destroying any me- dium wich might possibly produce an epizooty in any part of the Republic the slaughtering of ani- mals infected or suspected of being infected may be ordered. 9 — When the propagation of the fijbre aftosa in one or various Provinces and it is found to be im- possible to stay or extinguish the epizooty or when within an infected zone it is necessary to facilitate the contagion on account of it being inevitable the provocation of the infection will be permissable even by placing the healthy animals with those in- fected or by infecting same. Glanders Art. 30 — Immediately the existence of glanders has been proved the zone will be declared infected and the following measures will be adopted. 1 — The measures adopted will be in accordance with the stipulations made in clauses 1, 3 and 4 of article 25. 2 — Animals belonging to the "species of horse, ass or mule cannot enter or leave under any circunstan- ces the zone set apart for isolation. 3 — The diseased animals will be slaughtered and the carcasses burnt on the spot. — 178 — 4 — -The animals contaminated or those suspected of being so will be separately sequestrated and "maleinizados" slaughtered which are found diag- nostically to possess a reaction. 5_The camps or any properties where glanders have been proved to exist will be closed to transit and support of animals for the space of three months after the occurrence of the last case. Scarlet fevt r and swim l'< V( r Ar1:. 3l_ The moment the existance of scarlet fe- ver or swine fever is proved the property will bo declared infected and the following measures will be adopted. 1 — Separate sequestration of the diseased and us- pected animals. 2 — The suspected animals may be slaughtered for consumption. 3 — The animals which have died from any of the aforesaid deseases will be cremated. 4 — The contaminated and suspected animals may be vaccinated. 5 — The declaration of infection will cease to have effeel afteT the expiration of thirty days since the lasl case or 20 days after the date of vaccination. Cholera and porciru hydrophobia Art 32 All other porcine contagious diseases — 170 — (swine cholera and porcine hydrophobia) will be subject to the measures stipulated in clauses 1, 2 and of the proceeding article and in accordance with the instructions of the Sanitary Division. Rabies Art. 33 — The Inspectors of the Sanitary Division will co-operate to the fulfilment of the general or local provisions which may be dictated for the pre- vention of the propagation of the Rabies in the Pro- vinces and by the municipalities. In the National territories and localities for which no special provisions exist the mode of procedure will be dictated by the Sanitary authorities. Cantkmcle. Obligation to vaccinate Art. 34 — "Whenever the . Sanitary Division proves that cases of carbuncle have occurred at an establish- ment be it because of the existance of a case of some malignant boil human or animal or be it due to in- fested animals found on the roads in the slaughter house cold storages fairs or any other places will notify the owner or representative of the establish- ment that the inmediate vaccination of the infected species or the suspected of becoming so shall be in- mediat.'ly proceeded with. Until such time as these regulations have been complied with the extraction of these species ^om the establishments will be pro- hibited. — 180 — Proving that the vaccination has been done Art. 35 — To prove that the vaccination has been carried out the owner or representative is to fill in and forward a form or a note to the Sanitary Autho- rities specifying the number and species of animals vaccinated. The total number of each species exis- tant at each establishment the class of vaccine em- ployed and the name and domicile of the person who has supplied the vaccine. The Sanitary Division may exact, should it deen necessary that the owner of the animals or his re- presentative is to advise eight days before the vacci- nation is to be carried out so as to permit of an ins- pector witnessing the operation. Measures against those who do n<>l vaccinate Art. 36— In the event of the Sanitary Authoritiec proving the vaccination not to have been carried out or to have been incompletely accomplished or that fresh cases have occurred after the vaccination will declare the establishment infected and will adopt the following measures. 1 — The extraction of all classes of animals from these establishments will be prohibited also hides and other animal remains. 2 — The prohibition to introduce to an establish- ment any animal which has not boon previously vaccinated. - 181 — 3_ The moment animals have died or suspected of having died of carbuncle they will be burnt without even being skinned and on the spot where found. 4 The disinfection for the cases of carbuncle will be effected in accordance with what has been esta- blished by this regulation with the extension to things which have been in contact with diseased animals or to those which have died of the aforesaid disease. Recalling the declaration of infection Art. 37 — The Sanitary Division may only recall the declaration of infection established in the pre- ceeding article after ten days have expired from the date of the last case or 15 days after the date when all the stock of the establishment was vaccinated. Prohibition of transit permits Art. 38 — The authorities in charge of emitting vouchers or transit permits will not supply same from the establishments declared infected unless in cases when the interested parties hand in documents drawn up in proper form, that the Sanitary Divi- sion issues or with its authorization and which tes- tify that the permit is for the extraction of stock. Data which the Sanitary Division may request Art. 39 — For the purpose of testing the vaccina- — 182 — tions those who elaborate same or use anticarbun- eular vaccines veterinaries or other intermediates who apply then are obliged to state every time the Sanitary Division request such the number of pur- chasers and the number of dosis bought by each, the establishments which issue vaccine are also to decla- re, when the Sanitary Division makes the request, the total number of dosis sold Art. 40 — Should the existance of symptomatic carbuncle (mancha) be proved the Sanitary Divi- sion will adopt the measures stipulated in the pre- ceeding articles and which may be applicable for this disease. The vaccinations may only be performed when authorized by the Sanitary Division and using for the purpose vaccine elaborated with virus of the country. Tuberculosis Samples for analysis Art. 41 — All the cow farms or the establishments where milk is profitted by or which elaborate same in any form for consumption or for sale in a territo- ry of a federal jurisdiction or for international commerce interprovincial or of a province with ter- ritories of a federal jurisdiction or vice versa may be inspected l»y the Sanitary Division with the pur- pose of obtaining samples of the milk or of the pro- ducts and bacteriological analysis effected with a — 183 — view to ascertain the existance bacillus of the tu- berculosis. The Sanitary Division may effect the same scien- tific observation with the products referred to by this article requesting or acquiring the samples at the places for public sale. Obligation to pasteurise or tuberculiiiization Art. 42 — All the establishments in whose products the existance of bacillus of the tuberculosis has been proved will be obliged to pasteurise the milk they sell or employ for industrial purposes in accordance with the stipulations and under the vigilance of the Sanitary Division. It may leave the obligation to pasteurise the milk without effect when the owner requests the inoculation of all the cows suspected of being attacked by tuberculosis and supplies all the necessary stables for performing said operation. Tuberculinization of reproductors Art. 43 — All the reproductors which are destined for fairs markets or expositions may be submitted to the inoculation test whenever the Sanitary Di- vision may suspect they are attacked by tuberculosis be it because they show symptons or be it on ac- count of their having come from establishments where the existance of tuberculosis had been obser- ved. The Sanitary Division so as to effect the ino- — 184 -- < . uhition will exact that the animal remains a1 the stable for at least 48 hours. Marks Art. 44— The animals which give a diagnostical reaction will be marked by fire so as to distinguish same that they may be slaughtered or be it that they may be destined for consumption within the space of time determined by the Sanitary Division should the local authorities not object to this. Cases when meat may be availed of Art. 45— The slaughtered tuberculosis animals cannot be used as food when they have intermus- cular ganglion or viscerales, miliary eruptions or other injuries in the mucous and splenic organs of the thoracic and abdominal at the same time. At the establishments where there are no digestive vessels the carcasses and their remains will be destroyed by fire. May be partially or totally used with the exception of the affected organs (which will be burnt ) when the tuberculosis wound has been com- pletely localized in the abdominal cavity of the animal. Scab Ail. 46 — The transport of carriage in any shape or form is absolutely prohibited of the ovine and — 185 — goat species which is atacked by scab to any ex- tent. Consequently the vouchers or permits of transit issued by the local authorities will carry the observation : "free from scab." Measures against the circulation of animals and of those with scab Art. 47 — The Sanitary Division will put in force, the following measures and will see that they are complied with. 1. — The railways and transport institutions will not allow the loading on their wagons or em- barkations of any animal which it is evident are- attacked by scab rejecting all herds amongst which animals are found to be attacked by scab. 2. — The veterinary inspectors of the cattle loading wharves of cold storages slaughtering sheds salting places (tabladas), fairs, expositions, markets and of any other establishment which ac- cording to this regulation belongs to the national sanitary jurisdiction will reject the troops of ani- mals of the ovine species which have scab to whatever proportion. 3. — The hides of the animals atacked by scab cannot be used for commercial purposes nor be transported in any way if they have not previ- ously been desinfected with some kind of "anti- sarnico" declared to be efficient by the Sanitary — 186 -- Division or with some other class of desinfectant which will serve the purpose. 4.— The troops which have not been rejected as having the scab are to be tested by being bathed twice with "samifugo" whose use is to be approved by the Sanitary Division and at inter- vals of twelve days after which the slaughtering of it will be permitted or that it be for some other destiny. These measures may be modified for troops which arrive for "tabladas", cold storages or other establishments in accordance with the provisions of the Sanitary Division instructions approved by the Ministry of Agriculture. Treatment for the .">!) of 10th of Octo- ber 1900 will he punished should there no1 he a pe- nalty specially provided for, with the infliction of a fine of $ 100 to 500 dollars or imprisonment of — 103 — 30 to 60 days according to the importance of the infraction. Art. 62— (Law 3959 Art. 30) Will be punished with imprisonment of two to six months or with a fine of $200 to 100: 1 — The owners or representatives and the func- tionaries or private individuals who disobeying the orders of the competent authorities may have allo- wed diseased animals to associate with the healthy ones. 2 — Those who before the closing of the ports of the origin country may knowingly have introduced animals affected with contagious diseases to the Re- public or animals exposed to contagion. 3 — The mangers of transport companies who con- duce live animals with infraction to the regulations referred to by article 11 (of law 3959 of 1900), the penalty is to be doubled when on account of omit- ting the measures of disinfection or the reglamenta- ry hygiene conditions a contagious disease may ha- ve been communicated to other animals. Art, 63— (Law 3959 Art. 32). The penalties im- posed in the preceeding articles will be doubled in the event of incurring a repetition of the same of- fence without prejudice to apply the resolutions of the Executive Power on the party at fault should he not have complied with them. Art. 64 — The Sanitary Division when drawing up the special instructions to which this regulation 194 icfers will determine the magnitude of the penal- ties according to the number of heads a troop con- sists of when animals attacked by parasitic disea- ses are in question and which have been transpor- ted violating the regulations. Art. 65 — The penalties imposed in the precee- ding articles will be applied by the federal judges or those of federal territories in sumary judgment at the request of the sanitary authorities wich will take part in it and the resolutions pronounced by the judges will admit of appeal in relation thereto. Art. G6 — The sanitary authorities referred to by the preceeding article will be the Sanitary Division of the Ministry of Agriculture which has the right to appoint powers of attorney to intervene in tin- judgements according to the provisions authorized by the law. Art. 67— Notify, publish and pass to the Natio- nal Registry. — Figueroa Alcorta. — E. Ramos Me xia. IN DEX N D EX CHAPTER I Generalities concerning Tuberculosis — Plan of the present work. — Object and character of same. — Methods and sources of incestigation 5 CHAPTER II Geographical distribution of Tuberculosis. — Foci of contagion. — Ratio between contagion and den- sitz of animal population 13 CHAPTER III Natural immunitz. — Noxious subjects and harmless subjects — Influence of the system of breeding. — Vallee, Friedberger and Fronhern 19 CHAPTER IV Form in which tuberculosis manifest itself in the Ar- gentine.— Inmptomatologny. — Ganglionic Tu- berculosis Experiments realized 29 CHAPTER V Forms of Diagnosis. — Onsecurity of Tuberculine. — Clinical Examination. — Hypodermic injections in Cows. — Theis inconvenience. — The new sys- tem 51 198 — CHAPTER VI Actual development of tuberculosis. — Coefficient of the Cows-sheds (Tambos), of the Agricultural and Breeding Establishments. — Statistics rela- ting to the Llaughter Houses, Salting Sheds. and Irigorifics 63 CHAPTER VII Sanitary Police Service for Cattle. — Extension of this Suplement. — The Exportation of Tuber- culous Cattle? — Dois it proceer from the Ar- gentine ?— Restrictions imposed by our Sani- tary Service 77 Ordinance in connection with cow farms and dai- ries in vogue in the eitty of Buenos Aires. (Article concerning health of Cattle 89 Ministry of Public Warks of the Province of Bue- nos Aires. — General Direction of Public Works Ordinance. — Rendering compulsory the inoculation agianst tuberculosis of cows. 113 Sanitary police Regulations N° 2. — Special regula- tions for industrial establishments b>l The treatment of prevention of the bovine tubercu- losis— [niciative of the argentine governmel L39 Regulation for cold storages, salting places, tallow works and preserved meal Factories 150 Ministry of Agriculture of tan Argentine Republics Sanitary police for animals N" 1. -Decree of No- vember 8 th 1906 L62 NDEX OF ENGRAVINGS Type of imported sire imployed in the test of JBehring's system. Type of imported sire subjected to Eoemer's treatment. Tuberculous Durham bull slaughtered iu the Quarantine Lazaret. Imported Durham cow, slaughtered as tuberculous in the Quarantine Lazaret. Imported Jersey cow, tuberculosis on the skin. The sires on board. A set of cows. Bulls on board. Lauding opposite the Quarantine Lazaret. The reit hall-Quarantine Lazaret. A bull in the bath 15 minutes after the landing. Quaran- tine Lazaret, After the bath, preliminary cleannes. Quarantine Lazaret. The rest shed. Quarantine Lazaret. Daily cleannes in the afternoon. Quarantine Lazaret. In the sun after the bath. Quarantine Lazaret. Performing cuti-reaetion. Quarantine Lazaret. A sot of sires who shown positives oftalmie reaetions-to be slaughtered. Quarantine Laznret. — 200 — Post-morten operations hall a tuberculous bull who shall be slaughtered. Quarantine Lazaret. A post-morten examination searchin tuberculous lesions. Quarantine Lazaret. The Director and the technical stall' dressing the sacrifice act, Quarantine Lazaret. The Quarantine Lazaret staff. Negative hypodermic reaction and positive ocular reac- tion. (Villa Casilda fSchool). Negative reaction under Tuberculine injection. Positive ophtalmo reaction. (Villa Casilda School). Positive ophtalmo reaction. (Villa Casilda School) A post-mortem examination. Eipodermic negative reac- tion-ophtalmo positive reaction. Generalizated tuber- culosis. (Villa Casilda). The instillation of tuberculine. Detail of a opihtalmic- reaction. Type of the laboratories of the frigorifics (Frigorific "La Negra". Veterinary Inspection (Frigorifics). Genera] inspection in the frigorifics. The disembowelmenl I Frigorific I. Veterinary inspection-Putting on the sanitary control tick,'!. The rejected carcasses. I Frigorifics I . Tha Digi ster?s. H_\i|jfc~ Ml - ■'■ ' ■ fr* ■ % _jPr*: S H ;-:^&^?^l ■ 7jn| k. i ^ M K^ 4i JttSg?'\ 7> wSmSm ' X &S. ' (BpL^-^.^ jh BE8& ^ NEGATIVE HYPODERMIC REACTION AND POSITIVE OCULAR REACTION. (Vi'.la Casilda School) NEGATIVE REACTION UNDER TUBERCULINE INJECTION POSITIVE OPTHALMO REACTION (Villa Casilda School) o?s>ry POSITIVE OPHTALMO REACTION (Villa Casilda School) A POST MORTEM EXAMINATION. HYPODERMIC NEGATIVE REACTION-OPHTALMO. POSITIVE REACTION GENERALIZED TUBERCULOSIS (Villa Casilda) THE INSTILLATION OF TUBERCULINE DETAIL OF A OPHTALMIC-REACTION_ f IJQ OF /de£i>o THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY i