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Vol,. III. ^^^^^^

1 \ u

1.7

JUNE, 1890,

No. 6.

BRAZILIAN MISSIONS.

A

MONTHLY BULLETIN

OF

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE.

EDITED IN

SAO PAULO, BRAZIL,

AND .PUBLISHED IN

BROOKLYN, N. Y.

Entered at the Post-office at "Brooklyn, N. Y., as second-d.iss matter.

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Vol.

The bound volume of Brazilian Mis- sions for i88g will be sent to any address, postpaid, for do eents.

A TELEGRAM brings the sad intelligence of the death of Rev. A. L. Blackford, D. D., on the 14th of May, at the residence of Dr. Gaston in Atlanta, Ga. Dr. Blackford had but recently arrived in the United States and was on his way to the meeting of the General Assembly at Saratoga.

Dr. Blackford was the oldest Protestant missionary in Brazil. He first landed in Rio de Janeiro in July, i860, about a year after his brother-in-law, Rev. A. G. Simon- ton, the lamented founder of the Presby- terian Mission.

Since 1881, his field of labor has been in the important city of Bahia.

He has been suffering for some time from impaired health, but it was hoped that a season of rest at home would have secured his restoration.

The Methodist Mission has also suffered a very severe loss in the death of Rev. J. W. Tarboux who also died in the United States. He was a very laborious mission- ary and greatly beloved by all.

These deaths still further weaken the already depleted mission force in Brazil and emphasize the call for more laborers in this plenteous harvest field.

Rev. Z. C. Taylor, of the Southern Baptist Mission stationed at Bahia, has set up a printing press, which he expects will be of great assistance to him in his work.

1. 6.

Some pious soul living about Campinas sent to Italy for an image of the child Jesus. The idol maker's idea of what would suit the Brazihan market must have been somewhat confused, for, behold, when the package reached the owner, in- stead of finding a rosy, bright-faced idol, he beheld one blae/: as night. The owner stormed and fumed, but that did not change the color of his idol, so he sent it back to have its color changed to some other more agreeable. How long, O, Lord, how long will the people be satis- fied with adoring dumb images made by human hands ?

We regret to learn from the Foreign Mission Journal that the Southern Bap- tist Board is unable to make new ap- pointments, because of the state of its finances. A debt forbids the assuming of new obligations. On this account the urgent appeal from Brazil for reinforce- ment of the mission force may fail of success.

Rev. Justus H. Nelson, of the Taylor mission. Para, has started a new Evangeli- cal paper entitled O Apologista Christas. If the paper is edited with the same vigor and success that have characterized Mr. Nelson's preaching in that most unprom- ising of fields it will accomplish much good. The first number gives promise of success.

The whole world was surprised at the exhibition of moral force in the organiza- tion of the Repubhc. After the serious work of overthrowing the Monarchy and proclaiming the Republic was done, the emotional tendency, and the love of dis-

50 BRAZILIAN

play and sentimentality by wliich the nation has been judged in the i)ast re- asserted itself.

The Republic must have a hymn. The musical talent of the nation was put under contribution and it was proclaimed that the government would offer a premium for the best hymn — the verdict of the people to be taken.

At the time appointed the various authors presented their i)ieces in the great theatre of the capital, with all the pomp and circumstance of a State affair. The Ministry was present and the people went wild over one of the pieces — a sort of new Marseillaise. The Ministers then formally announced that the old hymn of the ex-Empire would be retained as the "National Hymn" but that the one acclaimed by the people should be the "Hymn of the Proclamation of the Re- pubHc," and everybody was happy. To the practical Anglo-Saxon mind there was something very funny about the whole affair — an emotional outbreak which ser- ved as a vent to the pent-up nervous forces.

In several of the States of the New Republic it is proposed to make attend- ance on the public primary schools, to be organized under the new government, compulsory. Three hundred years of Romish ascendency has left Brazil with over eight millions of people who can neither read nor write and now that the nation has torn itself loose from the Church and Empire, in its efforts to or- ganize its schools, it finds itself without experience and with nothing to guide it but patriotism.

The Sao Paulo school has 419 pupils, and in the second month of the term the principal had been obliged to refuse ad- mittance to upwards of 50 more for whom there is no room.

MISSIONS.

DISTRICT CONFERENCE.

On the 13th and 15th of March the members of the Methodist Church, South, held their regular district conference in Piracicaba.

Rev. J. L. Kennedy, presiding elder ; Rev.' E. A. Tilley. elder ; M. Dickson, deacon; J. H. Harwell, M. Camargo, H. Gartner, J. Anovade, preachers on trial. ■ Rev. H. C. Tucker, the efficient agent of the American Bible Society, was in at- tendance.

The reports were encouraging for the entire district.

Special signs ot awakening were re- ported from Capivary.

Rev. H. C. Tucker gave an interesting account of his recent journeys through different States of the Republic.

Resolutions were passed expressing the sorrow of the conference at the death of Rev. J. W. Dabney, and their sense of the loss sustained by the mission cause and conveying to his afflicted family and co- presbyters a message of sympathy.

The next conference will be held at Taubate.

The Methodist school at Taubate, the establishment of which is described on another page, continues to prosper in spite of the frantic efforts of the vicar to frighten the ])arents.

SAO PAULO.

Ruy Barbosa, the eminent writer and the intellectual head of the present gov- ernment, lately visited Sao Paulo to look after some important matters connected with his department, that of finance. While here he visited the Edison Phono- graph, on exhibition, and was requested to say something into the machine which might be preserved. He made the fol- lowing statement which is the more valu- able as the man is not given to bombastic

BRAZILIAN MISSIONS.

utterances, but is rather known for the terseness and vigor of his style.

"Sao Paulo is the living expression of the American Yankee modified l)y Italian taste. This city which has trebled its population, its area and its wealtii within a few years is destined to be the most magnificent in South America.

I am sure that this wonderful, incom- parable development will be very rapid and those who like myself knew it as the old academic town, hidden behind its latticed windows and its monastaries, will live to see the change and wonder, as it e.vtends its boundaries out across the valley in the majesty of its civihzation, as exuberant and fertile as the richness of its soil, as great and majestic as its mountain ranges and as beautiful as its flowers."

SILVER WEDDING.

On the 5th of March the Presbyterian Church of Sao Paulo celebrated the 25th anniversary of its foundation.

A meeting of thanksgiving and praise was held and it was an occasion of great rejoicing. The visible blessing of the Lord is in the life and work of the church, and its influence is daily widening and deepening.

A TEACHER WANTED.

A schoolmaster is urgently needed to train for school work in Sao Paulo. The health of the present principal is failing.

A good school man can fit himself for the work in six months.

Among the young college graduates, or among older men experienced in teach- ing who have volunteered for mission work, is there no one who can, without adding to the burdens of the Board of Foreign Missions, come out at his own risk and look the ground over and see if the Lord has not work for him to do here ? Is there no man to whom the Lord has given wealth, in trust for Him, who will volun- teer to pay the traveling expenses of such

a man — in case one can be found. The Editor of this journal will be glad to corresi)ond with either.

CAMPINAS/

Yellow fever, contrary to all expecta- tions, made its appearance in this city that was so sorely scourged last year. Last year the mission of the Presbyterian Church, South, lost the youngest member of its circle, the lamented Thompson. This year among the first victims fell the Rev. J. W. Dabney, after years of service, and when on the eve of returning home with his family.

A terrible blow to our brethren of this mission. The centre around which so much work was planned and so many hopes indulged in for the immediate fu- ture is now abandoned until the fury of the storm be past. The veteran mis- sionary, Rev. Edward Lane, returns with the afflicted family of his brother and co- worker Dabney. Miss Bias has gone to Bagagem in the distant field of Rev. John Boyle. The Rev. Mr. Gammon will pursue his studies of Portugese at the point that seems most advisable until it is safe to return to Campinas.

Miss Kemper remains in Sao Paulo until the reopening of her work in Cam- pinas, rendering efficient aid by her good counsel and ripe experience to the over- worked missionaries of the sister mission.

" They also serve who stand and wait."

VARIOUS REFORMS.

The new Republic is a constant sur- prise to its enemies, as well as to its friends. One after another the great re- forms, which the country has longed for for years are quietly decreed by the pro- visional government. One of the most important of the recent decrees is that re- lating to civil marriage.

52

BRAZILIAN MISSIONS.

In some respects it is unique. Its pro- visions seem more in liarmony with the spirit of the (iospel, than the so-called Romish sacrament of marriage. 1 1 alk)ws no dispensing of near rclationshi|)s, strictly forbidding the marriage of persons of the same blood. It clearly establishes the ages of the contracting parties, and defines the rights of husband and wife and chil- dren. It allows divorce, but not remar- iage. Marriage must be celebrated be- fore a civil officer ; the religious ceremony may come either before or after. It is not obligatory. In no way can the church interfere, because marriage is re- garded as a civil contract, and as such is regulated by the State. This decree will come to be recognized as one of the most beneficent acts of the new government. It goes into effect the 26th of May, 1890.

Scarcely less important is the decree recently signed secularizing the public cemeteries. The control is taken from the church and placed in the hands of the republican municipal governments. All religous denominations, however, are permitted, if they so desire, to own and to administer their own private places of burial.

What this decree means to the people, only those who live in Brazil can fully realize. The power of the priesthood over the grave has often been cruelly ex- ercised. Many sad stories could be told of the sufferings of those who have been forbidden to bury their dead in sacred ground, because unwilling or unable to submit to the extortions of a corrupt church.

POLITICAL AFFAIRS

For a republic only six months old our new Brazilian sister is remarkably healthy and strong. Peace and a fair degree of prosi)erity reigns throughout the length

and breadth of the land. The wholesale slaughter, the revolutions and the coun- ter-revolutions, the mobs and disturb- ances, are to be found only in the exhub- erant fancy of the ne\vs])aper correspond- ents.

The whole country is at peace. It is true there is a certain feeling of uncertainty in men's minds about what may be done at the Constitutional Convention, and a wide- ly prevalent opinion that the government would do better to decree a constitution at once or adopt one by plebiscite rather than to run the risk of a noisy, turbulent convention. The tendency of public opinion seems to favor the plan of sub- mitting to a direct vote of the people the constitution already elaborated by the coiumittee chosen months ago. The old line monarchists and the clericals oppose this quite naturally as it will deprive them of the opportunity of packing a conven- tion and befogging the people with long speeches and cunning schemes ; yet not- withstanding their opposition the consti- tution will probably be promulgated by .decree and the convention already called for November will simply be the first regular assembly of the people's repre- sentatives gathered for legislative pur- poses.

Exchange is down to 2od., but in the palmiest days of the Empire it often went below i8d.

There are several reasons for this de- pression in financial circles : — ist. The unsettled state of matters under any pro- visional government, however good it may be. 2nd. The financial tinkering of the Secretary of the Treasury, who has undoubtedly fallen into the hands of the " street." 3rd. The fact that the most of the old crop of coffee has been shipped and there is little demand for exchange. These are all ephemeral causes and will pass away. The resources of the country are just what they were before, when

BRAZILIAN

exchange was zyd., no more, no less. There is no telHng wliat new financial schemes may l)e attemjjted, as it seems to be the weakness of men wlio know nothing of fmances to fancy tlicy have fovmd a sure cure for all the evils tliat come in the train of expanded credits. That it takes age and experience to make a safe and sound financier is as true in Brazil as elsewhere. The sense of inse- curity under provisional governments is keenest in money circles. Capital is hypersensitive everywhere. An applica- tion was made a few days ago to a Lon- don firm for a loan for one of the States of Brazil. The reply came by wire:

" Get up a constitution in some way or another, have it adopted by the people. Then you can draw on us for amount re- quired."

There is great dissatisfaction with the new order of things among those in the old parties who have lost their offices and influence. "No thief e'er felt the halter draw, with good opinion of the law."

Some just complaint is made of the ex- clusive appointment of republicans to re- sponsible positions. It was aptly remark- ed by an opposition paper that the end aimed at should be, " not so much to re- publicanize the nation as to nationahze the republic." A point apparently well taken, yet it could hardly be expected that the newly organized government would call its enemies to places of trust.

Those who believe in an overruhng Providence cannot fail to see the hand of God in the poHtical movements of the day. The weight of new responsibilities and the presence of new opportunities have broadened and deepened the charac- ters of men of common abilities — and de- veloped patriotism in quarters where it was least expected. Fewer mistakes have been made than ever were made in a cor- responding period under the Empire.

MISSIONS. 53 BISHOPS IN COUNCIL.

Manikksto ok the Pkimatk and Bish- ops OK rilK RoMISlt CHI'KCH T(J THE

Brazilian I'kopi.e.

The sensation of the month in polit- ical circles is the long pastoral letter signed by the archbishop and all his bish- ops concerning the attitude of the Repub- lic toward the Church of Rome.

It is by far the ablest, most artful, the most unnecessary and perhaps the long- est document which the ecclesiastical authorities have produced since the fam- ous fight with the Free Masons. It is generally understood to be from the pen of D. Antonio, Bishop of Para, and prob- able successor to the present archbishop, who asked to be relieved nearly a year ago. He was the intimate counselor of the Princess and the supposed power be- hind the throne during her late regency. None but a thorough-paced Jesuit, a keen student of human nature, could write this pastoral letter.

It is full of sophistry, full of contradic- tions skilfully arranged to deceive, and under the guise of humility and submis- sion really counsels resistance, a species ot obedience under protest.

It rejoices in its new-found hberty to regulate its own affairs in the following strain : —

" Thanks to the Most High ! the civil goverment no longer has the power to ap- point bishops, canons, vicars or any church functionary. The creation of new parishes, dividing and fixing their limits, is the exclusive right of the church. The civil power can no longer suspend the execution of papal bulls, or decrees of the Vatican subjecting the ecclesiastic powers to the placet regium, the cause of so much bitterness and so many unsavory quarrels. * * * * ♦

BRAZILIAN MISSIONS.

54

" In a word, all the oppressive legisla- tion of the Koya/isf Pombalist ami Jose- phist state [These exjjressions refer to the Marquis of Pombal and his king, who took such active measures against the Jes- uits.— Ed.] is set aside and ecclesiastical authority stands free, thanks to the Altis- simo I * * » # » *

"The oppression heretofore exercised by the State under pretext of patronage has been the principal cause of the de- cline of true religion and the almost com- plete atrophy of the church. It was a patronage that stifled the church."

The letter continues to specify tiie var- ious particulars in which the church was oppressed by the State, and charges the corruption to the preponderence of poli- tics in the church.

It would seem that up to this point in the letter the illustrous prelate was de- lighted with the change, and that under the Republic a new era of prosperity was opening for the church.

In the next breath, however, the illus- ion is dispelled by the following wail : —

'' The protection of the State has been withdrawn from the church ; the Repub- lic has dared to disturb the holy church in its sacred functions. This is equal to an attack upon the Most High, in that it at- tacks what He holds most dear — His spouse — the church. It is blasphemy against His promise. * * * *

" The holy Catholic Church is placed upon the same level with other forms of rehgion. * ***** yj^g church is cast off by the Government and .deprived of the support to which it has undoubted right from the public coffers, robbed of her property. * * * gfju she will not show herself less worthy of her glorious past. Abandoned, |)Oor, in anguish, in trouble and sorrow she will sing the hymn of the prophet king: — Thou hast loosed luy bonds, T will offer Thee the sacrifice of tha?iksgiving and praise."

" Very good," remarks a lay newspaper, " let the church by all means live worthily without the poor protection of human governments and give thanks to the pro- visional government for setting it free ; but to do all this we did not need a pas- toral so interminably long or so full of latin."

It is currently stated that the bishops have issued a private circular to the clergy counseling resistance to all Protes- tantism by all safe means.

What we know of Rome in the past will give us a fair measure of the future. She will fight hard for the " loaves and fishes," and will do all the harm to the new Rei)ublic which she can.

HOiY WEEK.

Reports coming from different parts ol the country go to show that there has been a genuine revival of the pomp and flummery of the church during the week tliis year.

There is hardly anything like it in the memory of the oldest inhabitant. The best orators were brought to the front. The processions were brought out with all the splendour of gilt and color.

In Sao Paulo it can be explained by the presence of the synod of bishops. Elsewhere it was perhaps due to a con» certed movement on the part of the priesthood.

It is perfectly plain that Rome is organ- izing for an aggressive campaign, with all the art and cunning she is known to pos- sess. Nothing will be proposed like a frank, outspoken meeting of the ques- tions at issue on their merits, but there

i will be a sly yet persistent working upon all the cheaper sentiments and prejudices

I by which the ignorant are most easily led. The friends of the truth must bestir them-

I selves or the battle is lost after it is won.

BRAZILIAN

MESSRS. KINSOLViNG AND MORRIS.

These two missionairies have sailed for Porto-Alegre, where they will commence work. Their stay in Cruzeiro has been rich in experience and knowledge of the work to them. While they have obtain- ed tliat knowledge of the i)eople and lan- guage which can only be had by living with them on terms of intimacy, they have been doing good missionary work among the people by their earnest godly walk and conversation.

Wherever they have touched the peo])le, whether native or foreign, they have left an impression of men in dead earnest, and it requires no gift of prophecy to foresee that they will make a mark.

They go with those misgivings that are natural to sincere natures into their new field of work. They go, however, in the Lord's name and ask for the prayers of God's people.

n T <iiT ' fr

A NEW SCHOOL.

Taubate is one of the most important ])laces in the State of Sao Paulo. An im- ])etus will soon be given to it by the com- pletion of a railway, which will bring it into direct communication with the coast. It has been long one of the strongholds of the Roman church in Southern Brazil. Rev. E. A. Tilley, of the Mfethodist church, has recently been stationed there and he has been doing effective work.

A petition signed by some of the most influential ])eo])le of the town was pre- sented to the ladies of the Methodist mis- sion asking them to establish a school at Taubate similar in character to the one they carry on so successfully at Piracicaba.

In response to this. Rev. J. L. Ken- nedy, with his wife, sister and Miss Ross

MISSIONS. 55

visited the place and organized the school.

The vicar of the parish did not relish this invasion of his territory and very vig- orously resisted the movement. He is- sued a stirring appeal to the fathers and mothers of his charge. He warned them to abstain from sending their daughters to the new Protestant school on pain of being placed under the ban of the church.

He adjured them to obey, using the strongest term to be found in the priestly vocabulary, "by the Holy Virgin,'" "by the entrails of Christ," "by the sacred heart of Jesus," etc., etc.

Notwithstanding this characteristic as- sault the school opened with twenty- seven pupils from some of the best fam- ilies of the place.

TRIP INTO MINAS GERAES.

BY REV. J. B. KOLB.

Leaving Sao Paulo at 6 a. m. our train arrived about noon at Cruzeiro, where we changed cars for the last part of our journey by rail, which was in some respects remarkable, as our way lay across the great backbone of Brazil, the Mantiquiera Range. As we cHmbed the mountain there was spread out before us a beautiful panorama, much like that which greets the eye of the traveler as he crosses the top of the Wilkes-Barre Moun- tains in Pennsylvania looking down over the Wyoming Valley. As we near the summit the train plunges into a long tun- nel which opens into the State of Minas. We now descend, following the River Verde, to a point named Soledade, a small way station. By the way we. passed some fine fields of corn and tobacco, such corn and tobacco as one seldom sees outside of Brazil. Great high stalks, with big ears of corn, and such magnificent to- bacco plants. Coffee cannot be raised in this section on account of the frost. We are constantly impressed with the apparent

BRAZILIAN

MISSIONS.

comfort of the people in this part of the State. After reaching Soledade — which means solitude — we were greeted with the salutation. "And are you the minister ?" There was a horse in waiting to carry us four leagues further. About three leagues from Soledade we jiassed through one of the " Saratogas " of Brazil, Cachamba. Here are some fine mineral s])rings, the property of a company. This company has built a large hotel and are greatly beautifying the grounds in the neighbor- hood of the springs. These mineral waters were first used by some miserable creatures called " morpheticos," who found some relief from their dreadful dis- ease. After the virtues of the sj^rings be- came more generally known the Govern- ment expended some money in cleaning out the springs and in explorations.

Just in front of the village there is a very large and high mountain covered to its summit with a garment of green. A railroad is building which will ])ass through this place and which will make it more widely known.

Passing Cachamba a league further on we come to the end of our journey — Bal- pendy. It is an old town and is built on the hillside. It is in the centre of a rich grazing country. The hills on all sides are covered with excellent i^asture. This is one of the centres of the cheese industry, for which Minas is so famous. We were heartily welcomed to the home of a believer. The next day we visited among the brethren, of whom there are a few. About 7 p. m. of this day we held a public service which was very well at- tended. After the close of the service we entered upon one of tiie other important duties of our visit, the uniting in holy matrimony of the young ])astor of this field, Sr. Benedicto Ferraz de Campos, with D. Theresa Maria Magdelena. The people present paid very good attention to all that was said. After the ceremony

of greeting the bride and groom the friends of the young people were invited to a feast of doces or sweets. The table was laid in the form of a letter T, which may have been in honor of the bride. We were very much surprised to see such a variety of sweetmeats, but it is said that the Minas people are noted for their proficiency in this branch of cuhnary art. On our way home we called to see our Ejjiscopal brethren at Cruzeiro. We found them in excellent health and spirits. They have made fine progress in the ac- quisition of the language and in stealing the hearts of those simple-minded be- lievers in the Lord Jesus. Their stay in this village will certainly be for their own and for others good. This field which we have just visited is very large and inter- esting. The young pastor gave me some interesting items of news. He men- tioned that the services at Cruzeiro, where a church building is going up, are being very well attended and that in the State of Minas in the region of Baependy there have lately appeared many opportunities to preach the word of life. But what is one among so many ? Could he but mul- tiply himself so that he could avail him- self of these present openings the results would be glorious. Alas, what can Jacob do. because he is small ? But with the Lord there is the hiding of His power.

iSvanlimi iiltissiouri.

A monthly bulUlin, containing the latent re- ports of mixKionary work in Brazil, is published at JiriioMyn, N. Y.

Tmiix, 'i.'j centK per annum, payable in ad- mrnre. Outside the United States and Canada, 'M cen ts, or 18 pence.

HmaU amounts may he remitted in U. S. P'ista/je stamps.

Address all editorial and busi7iess correspond- ence to Rev. Donald McLa/ren, D. D.. 372 Lewin Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

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