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See -Keepers.

Ne. 1958. Vol. XLVIII

JANUARY 1, 1920. IPublished every Thursday. Price 2d.

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PAGE

Beitish Bee-keepers' Association 1

Intermediate Examination 1

Cheshire's Bee-keeping 1

A Borsbt Yarn 2

Jottings PROM Huntingdonshire 2

The Forward M/OVEment in Bee-keeping 3

Notes on Bees 5

Echoes from the Hives 5

Correspondence —

-^ Bee Clubfi : .' 6

Do Bees' Eecover from " lele of Wight "

Disease ? 7

Waated, Kemedy for Ants 7

Queen, or Laying Worker 7'

Frames 8

Trading Scliemes 8

Questions for Bee-keepers 9

Combs from Other Hives—

'Paratyplius ia Honey Bees 9

Eggless Honey MiifBna 9

DO NOT LET YOUR BEES STARVE.

Use Taylor's Soft Candy

1-lb. 1/6, post free ; 6-lbs. 6/-, post free ; .

12-lbs. 10/6 (11/6 carriage paid, 12/- post free.)^
SYRUP-7 lbs. 7/6 ; 14 lbs. 10/6; 28 lbs. 20/ SUCAR VOUCHER must be

sent with order.

BEESWAX BOUGHT,

2/- lb. Cash, or 2/1 lb. allowed if taken out in goods.

Also Cleaned and Sterilised and made into Foundation.

No. 77. Compressed
NAPHTHAFORMA TABLETS,

The Germ-killing Remedy for Foul Brood
1/9 Bottle, Po«t Free.

TAYLOR'S NEW REGISTERED
ZINC EXCLUDER

giving 50% freer access to supers

i6 X i6 squares 3/-, post 6d.
8- ft sheets 15/-, post i/-.

BACTEROL- & YADIL,

For "Isle of Wight *\ Disease.

Bacterol, 2/6 per bottle, post 6d.
Yadil, 3/6 per bottle, post 6d.

Syruplshould be fe medicated with above id

Taylor's Registered Feeder,

Specially designed for above cures.

Post free, 3/10.

or Bottle of Bacterol and Feeder, 6/.po£tiree;

TAYLOR'S No. 12 HIVE, Dovetailed, at 29/- Carriage Paid. In the Rat, 28/-

BEST VALUE IN HIVES EVER OFFERED.
NEW catalogue: for. 1919 POST FREE.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

u

THE BRITISH BEE JOUMAL.

Jan.- 1, 1920.

CBe new Year's
Surprise!

^ On another page
of th^ Journal we
make an announce-
ment relative to the
supply of Metal Foun-
dation for the coming
season. Do not defer
its study. You may
be disappointed if
you do not give it
your immediate at-
tention.

^ Only one type of
Metal Foundation
(standard size, and
milled) will be pro-
duced at first. Other
types and sizes may
follow later. An
original new mill of
hardened steel will
be employed for the
purpose. The mill
is costly, yet the
prices we quote are
well within the pur-
chasing power of the
average beekeeper.

MAIN ADVANTAGES.

(1) Indefinite durability with reasonable care ; (2) Greater comb stability in
quick extracting ; (3) Greater safety of bees in transit on new combs ; (4)
Control of drone cells ; (5) The production of even combs ; (6) Easy
removal of queen cells without the slightest injury to the foundation ; (7)
Cleanliness and adaptability to sterilisation by boiling ; (8) Economy of labour
and time in fitting and detaching ; (9) An ideal compromise between the
metal comb and the wax foundation.

Ij LITERATURE.

: "The British Bee Journal," November 13 ; " Bee Craft," December ;

ft and " The Bee World," September and October, 1919.

J

^** The non-wax foundation, including the Metal Foundation, is protected.

I

JAMES LEE & SON, Uxbridge, Middlesex.

'Celtgrams : " Graphically, Uxbridge."

Jan. 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL

British Bee-Keepers*
Association.

As will be seen from the report of the
Council meeting held on December 18, the
B.B.K.A. .have decided to carry out ex-
periments with larger frames during the
coming season. The Kent B.K.A. are also
carrying out a valuable series of experi-
ments in the same direction. It would be
a great help if the leading associations
would carry out experiments on^ similar
lines and report the results.

MONTHLY MEETING OF COUNCIL.

The monthly meeting of the Council was
held at 23, Bedford Street, Strand, Lon-
don, W.C.2., on Thursday, December 18,
1919.

Mr. W. F. Reid presided, and there were
also present Miss M. D. Sillar, Messrs. 6.
Bryden, A. G. Pugh, T. Bevan, G. J.
Flashman, G. R. Alder, J. Herrod-
Hempsall, F. W. Watts, G. W. Judge.
Association representatives, R. R. Bab-
mage (Middlesex), G. Thomas (Gloucester),
Major C. C. Lord" (Kent), and the Secre-
tary, Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall.

Letters of regret at inability to attend
were read from Messrs. T. W. Cowan, C.
L. M. Bales, W. H. Simms, J. B. Lamb,
G. S. Faunci, and Major F. Sitwell.

The following new members were
elecfcd:— Mrs. E. M. Hood, Mrs. B. E.
Lister, Miss A. Parker, Miss F. Collins,
Messrs. E. G. Gristwood, E. L. Peirce,
J. H. Phipps end J. Nash.

The report of the Finance Committee
was presented by the Secretary, who stated
that the receipts for November were
£28 Is. 7d., and the bank balance on
December 1st, £103 Is. 8d. Payments
amounting to £68 lis. 7d. were recom-
mended.

The Chairman said he had a very plea-
sant duty to perform in the presentation
of the Silver Medal of the B.B.K.A. and
Certificate of Merit to one of the members
of -Council, Mr. G. Bryden ; and also the
Bronze Medal of the Association to another
member, Mr. G. J. Flash.man. It had
often been said that members of the Coun-
cil were not even up in practical bee-keep-
ing, but the presentation he had now to
make proved the fallacy of that statement,
as both the recipients had won premier
honours ! in fact, had swept the board in
all the classes at one of the most important
honey shows in the country ; while one of
them, Mr. Bryden, had won the W.B.C.

Gold Memorial Medal at The Royal Show
this year.

The presentation having been made, Mr.
Bryden and Mr. Flashman expressed their
thanks in a few well-chosen words, both
stating their pleasure at being able to
demonstrate in a practical manner that
members of the (Council could practice
what they preached.

Mr. Pugh, in felicitous terms, supported
the remarks of the Chairman.

The Chairman expressed the pleasure of
all those present at having Mr. Pugh. back
amongst them again after his serious ill-
ness, and that his repartee proved he had
apparently recovered his usual health and
spirits.

It was agreed to undertake the Hives
and Honey Department at The Royal Show
at Darlington on, the same terms as pre-
vailed this year at Cardiff.

It was resolved that it would be inadvis-
able to send bees to France to restock the
devastated areas, owing to the possibility
of exporting infection in the form of " Isle
of Wight " disease.

A letter was read from Mr. Claridge re
the importance of approaching " The Mer-
chandise Marks Committee re labelling
foreign honey with, the name of the coun-
try of origin. It was resolved to instruct
the Secretary to write the Committee to
this effect.

A letter was read from Dr. Abushady re
the testing of frames of various sizes, and
after a lengthy discussion it was resolved
to test the 16 in. by 10 in. and the 14| in.
by 12 in. frames in the Association's
Apiary, and also to ask practical bee-
keepers throughout the country, through
the medium of The British Bee Journal,
to do the same, and forward their experi-
ences to the Council for consideration.

Next meeting of Council January 15,
1920. at 23. Bedford Street, Strand,
London, W.C.2.

Intermediate Examination,
B.B.K.A.

Through a clerical error in Section A
question 4 the word Sight was spelt
Light. The Examiner wishes to intimate
to candidates that no candidate will fail
on account of this being misread.

Gheshires Bee-Keeping.

I lent the Scientific Volume of this to
some person. The record of the loan has
been mislaid. As I am in urgent need of
the book will the borrower kindly return
it at once to W. Herrod-Hempsall, Old
Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 1, 1920.

A Dorset Yarn.

Saturday, December 20, bees were flying
round the Christmas rose, proving that
they do not sleep, but are only waiting till
lall things are favourable for them; then
all will be a.s other years. All reminds
ime of the old promise, which I have many
times repeated: "Seed time and harvest
shall not cease as long as the sun and
moon endure," proving the words of the
Old Book, "All things work together for
good with them that love God." Our love
for bees has borne fruit. The returns
show, on the year's working, that bees
have again given the most for the least
expenditure. This is as it should be.
Granted the fine prices have made this
so, but then everything that the grower
produces has realised good prices. Still,
honey is a long way beypnd other units
on the farm.. Cows pay well, eggs bring
in high prices, fruit panned out well, but
for minimum of outlay and maximum
profits there is nothing onr the farm like
bees.

This .may be the dxdl time for bees, but
those who have their well-being at heart will
not forget them ; they will make quite sure
that the covering on the bars is sufficient
for warmth, that it is dry, that mice are
not doing mischief. Many growers of
flowers only take keen interest in them
when they are bringing in money, but
those who have the true interest in them
are keen all other times. It is the same
with the bees; winter care is without a
doubt the best for summer production. I
notice our lot have thrown out a lot of
dead bees ; the sharp, cold week in Novem-
ber must have finished ofi a lot of the old
bees that had worked so hard in the honey
season. The deduction I make is that
bees imiust have plenty of food in Sep-
tember in order to raise as many young
bees as possible to carry on until brood is
plentiful the following season. The young
bees of late summer and autumn have
more warmth in them; they crowd more
into the cluster, and the old ones as a
sequence soon perish on the approach of
cold.

We are again filling up the manure
yard with leaves from Merley Woods. I
wrote of them last year. These woods are
beautiful at all times. The immiense trees,
with undergrowth of rhododendron and
holly, all produce huge quantities of
leaves; these, with the excreta of cows,
horses and pigs, all turned over together,
give many hundred loads of humius to feed
the crops for the next season. We find, to
grow crops of a high order of excellence,
we must enrich the soil. Each unit of
production must have what is necessary
to promote its growth luxuriantly with
humus in the soil. One can add fer-

tilisers to the soil with so much better
advantage to the crops, particularly if
the season is a dry one like this last year.
To get the very best to sell, each unit
must be well looked after, and' then the
results are worth the extra cost of pro-
duction, as the weight of the fruit is so
much more. Take a line of gooseberries,
for instance. If you do not loosen the soil
round them, and add a modicum of
(manure, they will have the same number
of flowers and fruits, hut the latter will
only grow about half the size, so the har-
vest, when sold by weight, must be half
what a well-tilled and well-dressed row
would be. I think the same with our bees.
Let them we well stocked with stores in
winter; they will give us better returns
next season. — J. J. Kettle.

[This was received too late for publica-
tion last week. — Eds.]

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

" It was agreed that on ye occasion of

ye wedding of ye mistress K , a full

peal should be rung from ye churche tower,
and whereas ye trebel bell hath been
silent for full ten yeares, it being full of
bees, John Hamer shall be payed ye sum
of fivepenoe to cleare out ye bees and
honey from ye said bell, one full half the
honey to be his; that which remaineth to
be divided betwixf ye poore of ye parish.
William Gray shall be payed eightpence
to plaster up ye hole in ye wall through
which ye bees are seen to go." . (Money
had 20 times present purchasing power.)
Many church towers have been selected
by bees aa a suitable home; it woulS be
interesting to know how often they have
chosen one of the bells as a suitable habita-
tion. Talk of metal combs; the bees anti-
cipated us centuries ago by adopting a
metal skep. Going back to the past, Mr.
EditorTT^ was looking through an old parish
register the other day, and was struck by
the names given to baby girls 300 years
ago, Dorothee, Wynyfred, Joan, Amee,
Unita, Malina, and such like. Mary Ann,
Sarah Jane and Maria Jane, do not make
their appearances until some 20O years
after. When we speak of Sarah Ann as an
old-fashioned name we are wrong, it is
quite modern. What, however, struck m©
most was to find in the seventeenth cen-
tury gii'ls christened Apia, Mellis, and
Mellifica, evidently the daughters of a bee
enthusiast, as Avis, Birdee, and Larki'd
testify to a bird lover. Did bees escape
diseases in those days, one wonders? Not
till about 1790 does one come across a
record " that the, bees of late, years have
been troubled with a nasty dysentery
which doth destroy a full stock in a very
short time, which doth greatly distress

Jan. 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JDTTRNAL.

5-

the owners." Thirty years later we learn
that " many diseases are wont to seize bees
in these days, and Mr. "Woods hath con-
cluded that as intermarrying doth tend to
weaken the offspring and cause much suf-
fering in human beings, so inbreeding of
bees has resulted in these diligent insects
being greatly weakened in their constitu-
tion, he, therefore, proposes to get a num-
ber of stocks from Bavaria and Denmark
and to use the queens in his English
••stocks. " This did not evidently result in a
disease resistant bee being evolved, for a
" dysentery in our bees doth greatly trouble
us, and a tra-veller from Holland reports
that many thousands of stocks of bees have
died in that country, which is attributed
to a method thev have in that country of
relieving the bees of making wax," is writ-
ten shortly after. - Legislation in those
days might have saved us a lot of trouble
in our day and generation. .

Well, bees have ever been an object of
interest to mankind, not to say profit, and
yet it's wonderful how little we know of
them — little compared with what there is
yet to learn. I'm afraid I do not agree
that comb cells take their shape from out-
side pressure. Last summer I took a
swarm of bees out of a hawthorn bush
which had been there a couple of days on
two large branches. The bees had com-
menced building cells. The branches were
just filmed over, but the cells were hexa-
gonal, or rather the foundations of the
cells were.

In October we had our harvest tea.
The tables were decorated with vases of
single dahlias. From one of these flowers
fell' a mason bee — chilled. Children sit-
ting near seemed afraid of her, so I picked
her up and wariSed her back to life in my
hand. "When she was quite revived I flung
her towards the window, but she flew back
to me — a mason bee can fly backwards,
sidewards, upwards, downwards ; in fact,
any way it wishes. After a while, I placed
her ouiiside on a window sill thinking she
might seek out her hard rocky nest. About
half an hour after, however, she was
patiently crawling up my arm. Now what
enabled her to locate me out of the other
people in the room? Had she needed
more warmth she could have got it from
any other body. I fancy the pretty insect
grateful for what I had done for her had
located me by h.er organs of scent.

There is a fair demand for honev just
now, sections having jumped up to 3s. 3d.
Honey comes in handy at this season of the
year for sore throats and coughs, and it is
certainly a pleasant addition to, or sub-
stitute for, inferior margarine.

How one hopes that ere another Christ-
mas is here the whole world will be
enjoying a righteous and lasting pea«e !
To Help forward such a peace we must all

be producers. Bee-keepers must do their
share. Given a good season we ought* every
one of us to eclipse our former " takes."
Honey is so very much an article of food
that the more we produce the more h.elp
can we give to those countries which, are
on the verge of starvation. This reminds
me of a story I once heard of a certain
bishop who once stayed a day with, one of
his poorer clergy. The sumptuous repast
provided shocked his Lordship, who chas-
tised his host for his extravagance. " It's
all right, my Lord," the cleric replied,
'■ I have the money for these festivities
given to me. I will introduce you to the
givers after dinner." The dinner over,
the bishop was taken and shown hives of
bees. "These, my Lord, enable me to b«
generous to my gue^sts."

To you, Mr. Editors, to you, all gentle
readers, a very happy Christmas, and
may you all experience that joy which
comes of serving others rather than one-
self !^E. F. Hemming, The Rectory
Steeple Gidding,

[As we had to go to press earlier last
week on account of Xmas, these " Jot-
tings " arrived too late for publication in
the last Journal.]

The Forward Movement in
Bee-Keeping.

The movement in favour of an extensive
trial of a larger and deeper brood frame
than the British standard, disclosed in a
recent issue of The British Bee Jocrn-^l,
prompts me to write you a few words, be-
cause I believe this is one of your most
evident lines of progress. Here in Canada
we are scarcely satisfied with the size of
our most widely used brood chamber con-
taining ten Langstroth frames 17 inches
long by 9| in. deep, and we are studying
the merits of one containing twelve of
these frames, or one containing ten frames
2 inches deeper, known as the Jumbo
size. The deeper frame has undeniable
advantages both for breeding and winter-
ing. In Britain, where the standard
frame is much smaller and somewhat
shallower than the Langstroth, the need
for a larger and deeper frame than the
standard would seem still greater than
here, although the black race, being less
prolific, can do with a smaller hive than
the Italian, which is the popular bee in
southern and central Canada. In Canada,
wo have quite a number of sizes of frames,
and so great confusion is caused. In
Britain, there surely is room for two!
The British Bee-keepers' Association
would not lose anything, on the contrary,
it would show that it is maiotaining the

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 1, 1920.

elastJcfEy of youth if it countenanced the
extensive trial of a brood frame, say 16
inches long and 10 inches deep, which
seems to me to be a very reasonable and
sensible size. Of course, in settling on a
new size of frame, many questions would
have to bo considered, amongst them its
bearing on the size of the cpmb honey
super. A 16-inch frame might not be the
best for the 4^ inch by 4^ inch sections,
but it would vsuit the 4 by 5 sections, a
size t-hat, personally, I think looks more
attrfictive, and being larger is more
i-eadily worked in bv the bees.

In the larger and deeper frame and
hive that I feel you are going to get
sooner or later, such essential British
features as the comparatively thin and
harrow top bars (but not so thin as f in.),
thp long lugs which the bees are not per-
fnitted to crawl over, the W.B.C. metal
ends, and the outer case must be re-
tained. Protecting the super with an
outer case, as is done in practically all
patterns of British hives, h&s undoubted
advantages for a changeable climate.
The plan of protecting the brood cham-
ber as well, the feature of hives of the
W.B.C. pattern is being adopted in
the Canadian north. The only improve-
ment that might be suggested would be to
protect the floor as well as the sides.

The race question is evidently one of
growing interest and importance in
Britain. Taking the British Isles as a
whole, the cool summer climate demands
a black bee rather than a yellow one — we
have regions on the coasts and in the
north of Canada where the same is true —
and the bree4ing of an industrious, pro-
lific, disease-resisting strain of the black
bee seems to be a matter of great import-
ance at present. As many of your readers
will remember, my efforts in breeding bees
at Ripple Court Apiary, near Dover, were
confined to goldens and half-breeds, largely
because it was only by a differential
colouring that purity could be maintained.
Blacks can only be bred by mating in
isolated places. EVery year since the Bee
Division of the Dominion Experimental
Farms has been established, we have been
carrying on mating experiments. Last
year matings were obtained in isolated
places in northern Ontario. This year
buck Island, at the eastern end of Lake
Ontario, 8 miles from the nearest land,
was selected. The results show that the
queens mated with our selected drones
only, and there was no heavy loss of
queens. They also showed that queens
mated with hand-picked drones not more
than about two weeks old became drone
breeders, producing from about 50 per
cent, to less than 1 per cent, of workers.
Now that a number of difficulties in regard
to the size and make-up of the nuclei, the

best date tp carry out the work, the age
and number of drones required, etc., have
been cleared, we hope to make rapid pro-
gress. In considering the island mating
proposition in England, I remember
reaching the conclusion that from the
point of view of size, isolation, and
climate, Herm Island seems to be one of
the most promising for experiment.

Shortly before I left England in 1912,
you published an article from me op the
two kinds of foul brood that are recog-
nised here under the names of European
foul-brood and American foul-brood. In
recent years, the distinction between
these two diseases has become of increased
importance, because the best methods of
treating them have become radically dif-
ferent. European foul-brood is treated by
removing the queen, and after a shorter
or longer period of no brood, introducing
a young Italian of resistant strain. Therp
is no destruction of combs, and- if tl\e
apiary is kept Italianised, this disease
usually gives no further trouble. But with
American foul-brood, which spreads more
slowly, the regular " shaking " treatment
is necessary, the combs being boiled.
There is also a third brood disease, very
common in Canada, called sac-brood, for
which no treatment is pecessary.

Have any of your travelling expert^
tested these New World conclusions on
brood diseases under British conditions
and reported results? The results should
be interestino- because we know that the
laboratory men on the opposite sides of the
ocean have not reached the same conclu-
sions, and that climate and race favour
certain diseases and alter their symptoms.
Especially is this true in an unstable
disease like European foul-brood, and in
the adult diseases. As a bee breeder tied
closely to mv work, I had little oppor-
tunity to study disease in England, but I
recognised European foul-brood in . my
apiary, and found that Italians resisted it.

The names European foul-brood and
American foul-brood are not very appro-
priate. Better names would be melting
foul-brood and ropy foul-brood, because
they are to some extent descriptive. It
would be better still, as suggested to me
by Mr. Turnbull at a recent rneeting of
foul-brood inspectors at Vancouver, to
eliminate that unpleas3,nt and really up-
necessai'y word " foul " in cpnnectjon with
a product we eat.

Melting brood, ropy brood, and sac-
brood make short, clear, descriptive names
for the three brood diseases we know and
treat respectively by Italianising, " shak-
ing," and leaving alone. Drugs are not
used here to treat bee diseases.^F. W. L.
Srj.\DEN, Apiarist, Dominion Department
of Agricultui-e, Ottawa, Canada, October
11.

Jan. 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

5

Notes on Bees.

Now that the dead' seaison is upon us
ordinary dysentery can be looked for.
This is produced from various causes, such
as unwholesome food and dampness,
mostly the former. A mild autumn, such
as we have begn experiencing this season,
causes the bees to unoap 1;oo .miuch of their
stores, as tliey are spread about more on
their combs, and if the mild weather, is
followed by a coLd snap, close clustering
is the result, thus leaving exposed to the
air a great amount of tmcapped honey,
which eventuially turns sour. I have
noticed in early spring when examining
combs, honey and pollen with a sour taste,
which must prove unwholesome food for
bees to feed upon. Often disturbances
occurring during what ought to be a
lengthened period of semi-hibernation,
preventing the repose necessary at such
a time, they consume a much larger
quantity of lioney than is natural for
tlieuii, and having, on account of the bad
weather, po chance of going abroad to
relieve themselyes, their bodies beco.m^e
distended with the consequent accumula-
tion of faeces, which causes inflamn^ation,
dysentery, and death. The signs of
dysentery are isimilar to "I. O. W."
disease. Soiling the combs, inside of the
hive, and around the enti-ance with a
dark brown substance having a very
nauseous smell. Unlike " I. 0. W."
disease, the cure for ordinary dysentery
is very effectual. It is simply to remove
hc£<s, to ia better environment. Place in a
n'arm room, and house in a clean, dry
hive, on warm comibs of honey, cover with
warm, dry quilts, and place on original
stands. According to various distin-
guished bee-men's reports, the above is
very effectual. The signs of dysentery
must not be confounded with the natural
marks made by bees outside a hive after
they have been confined to it by bad
weather for some considerable period.
These «iarks are quite in accordance with
what might be surnjised, but they are
always on the roof, or surrounding objects,
and very little around the entrance.
Malignaijt dysentery, i.e., "I. 0. W."
disease, is a far more infectious dise-ase
than the ordinary dysentery. Of this
there is overwhelming evidence. There
have been cases where Nosema apis has
been revealed by the microscope, and stray
swarms have taken possession of the
combs and survived, but I am strongly of
the opinion that in a great number of
oases given to us where bees have died
out of "I. 0. W." disease and stray
swarms taken possession and survived, it
has not been " J. 0. W." disease, but
ordinary dysentery, as the symptoms of

the two diseases are so alike, only that the
former is of a deadlier character.

I notice, out of my four stocks one is
affected with " I. 0. W." disease, a iefv
crawlers, while those on the wing seem to
possess a peculiar humi, appear heavy, un-
steady in flight, and drop on the alighting
board as if loaded with honey. I find
that bees in the early stages of this
disease seem to be unable to discharge
their excreta in the open air, even when in
flight, and return to the hive with the
bowel still loaded. This is no doubt due
to the parasite in the infected bee, before
it reaches the spore stage, because after
a time an acute diarrhoea seems .to set in,
and the combs and inside of the hive are
soiled. The cause of this malady has
never yet been satisfactorily deterpiined,
nor up to the present, according to my
niind,*has there been any reliable cure
put forward. If we could be assured of
the true source of this disease, then our
pathologists might be able to give us some
reliable prescription to ward off it and its
effects. There is no doubt, owing to the
infectious nature of this disease, it is
greatly spread in this country of ours by
idle bee-keepers, and it is here where
legislation would step in and compel this
class of bee-keeper to work clean. "What
is the use of one bee-keeper destroying
bees and combs, or disinfecting, etc., when
the next-door neighbour leaves his
diseased hives exposed for one's own bees
only to be re-infected again. This is the
cause of many giving up the craft. In
conclusion, we bee-keepers believe that
legislation will be an accomplished fact
and greatly reduce the evils in bee life. —
P. Lythgoe, Padgatc, Warrington.

Echoes from the Hives,

How glad I was to see the name
of our old friend, Mr. Jioveday, a few
weeks ago. We njiss him — and also Mr.
Woodley — we old readers, as much as we
do Mr. Kettle when he cannot write. My
wife always looks in the Jqubnal for Mr.
Kettle's yarn, and when there is not one,
such a sigh goes up ! xi i

I remember cycling to Hatfield Heath
about 25 years ago to see Mr. Loveday.
What a show he had for a new starter
to see, and what a lot I learnt in a few
short n^inutes about bees ! I remember,
too, he showed mo the stings of about a
dozen bees on the alighting board of one
hive, and how he told me the large Tit
caught his bees, pulled out the stings and
then ate the bees, and many another bit
of news he told me. I quite thought by
now he must have left us for that brighter
Home as we have not seen his name for so

6

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 1, 1920.

long, but I am glad to know he is still
well, although I fear his back, which was
hurt years ago, must still pain him and
restrict his activities very much. His age,
too, must be getting to a high number.
Even so, we were very glad to see the
name of friend Loveday. — C. Reed, Wick-
ford, Essex.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real names
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Bee Clubs.

[1Q074] I have enclosed my scheme for
co-operative bee club. If you can find
space for it in The Bjiitish Bee Jotjenal
I shall feel favoured. It will save time
and postage to those inclined to take up
the scheme. I have received applications,
and according to replies I think it has a
future. I admire Mr. Hemming' s re-
marks and I have talked it over with our
members. We feel that any sane bee-
keeper would burn up old diseased combs
and the aifected stock, if every attention
appeared to "be a failure. Of "course, it's
up to any club to add to these rules, but if
any readers take up the idea, I would
like to see a line or two in The British
Bee JotTRNAL to say how they are progress-
ing.

Mr. Kettle says: "Why don't we who
are demobilised write our great knowledge
to the JotTRNAL?" Well, I have read a
many of his articles and I thank him for
them ; but I feel that the reason we de-
mobilised men don't write is because we
have not the writing talent. I have had
a varied experience on the battlefields of
France, but not being much of a scholar
keeps me from writing, and as our Editor
mentioned the other day, they can't keep
a staff to make g,oo(l reading out* of our
badly-worded senlenoes, or that's what I
think he moans. If it would interest
readers, and Mr. Editor will be as kind to
mo as he was over my last epistle, correct
my wrong-spelt words, and put in the
stops, well, then, I will do for you in writ-
ing what I trie-d to do for you on the
battlefields of France — "my best." You

will bear with me a little when I tell you
the trouble. I've been at work ever since
I left standard III., and they don't teach
one much in the way of writing and com-
position in that hard school of experience
— ^the world. I am just on 50, still at the
bees, and hope to be more so, once I am
able to be about again. I notice the bees
are busy on the wing these last few days,
one came in to have a look at me to-day
in my sitting-room. I was gjad to hear
it htim, but sorry to see them out so late.
Still I trust all's well with the bees. There
are c[uite a lot on the wing.

Going back to the subject. Some of the
boys did not get a chance hardly to see
France. I have seen too many of them
just come up the line at night, and
away the next day with a " Blighty " to
last them for life, all within seven days,
and sometimes less, from the time they
have said " bye-bye " to mother, sisters,
wife, or sweetheart, and others, alas !
it cuts to ^hink of it that thousands will
never, never return at all. I would feel
bright if I could only think these heroes
had secured the precious golden crown.
Alas ! who knows ? And all this makes
thousands of the dear lads who have re-
turned whole in limbs, etc., more silent
than the bees in winter. — Gr. H. Clewlow,
Codsall, late Corpl, R.A.S.C., M.T.

["Needless to say we shall be very pleased
indeed to hear from Mr. Clewlow, or any
other ex-soldier, and only wish all the,
letters we receive were as good in com-
position, spelling, etc., as this, as in
neither have we had to make any altera-
tion.— Eds.]

CO-OPERATIVE BEE CLTJB-

To bring together all men and women
who are interested in bee-keeping.

To instruct the new beginner in the craft
in all its branches, by lectures, pamphlets,
demonstrations, etc.

To co-operate in buying all appliances at
wholesale price through the bee club, and
the disposal of all produce, such as honey,
wax, bees, etc.

A membership fee of Is. per year will be
found sufficient, as there is 2^ per cent,
for cash with order, and 2^ added to order
will be found to clear all clerical expenses.

All orders to be accompanied with cash.
Member to be notified when the club will
be in a position to receive produce.

All inquiries for swarms to be tabulated
by the secretary, who will supply in rota-
tion. Ail members who intend to sell their
swarms and surplus stocks to inform the
secretary as early in the season as possible.

The club may provide wax smelters and
honey extractors, and charge a small fee
for the hire of the same.

Labels bearing the name and district of
the club may be obtained for honey jars,

Jan. 1, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

tins, and sections' carriers at a nominal
fee. .

All members are requested to report to
the secretary all known derelict apiaries,
and also bee-keepers who have not cleaned
up their apiaries after having attacks of
disease, as these old apiaries are detri-
mental to good bee-keeping in any district.
The club shall consist of a president,
secretary, and not less than five members
as an executive committee,
G. H. Clewlow,

Hon, Secretary,

The Bee Club,

Codsall.

Do Bees Recover from " Isle
of Wight " Disease.

[10075] If not too late, I should like to
thank Messrs. G. W. Avery (10052) and
Mr. Greig (rO056) for their replies to my
inquiry as to recovery of bees from " Isle
of Wight " disease. Mr. Avery asks me
two questions : — 1. How can a bacteriolo-
gist confirm " Isle of Wight " disease? Of
course, he cannot do so, unless Nosema
apis or some other definite and recognis-
able organism be accepted as the cause, or
at any rate as a specific manifestation of
the disease. (The last is a clumsy phrase,
but I think Mr. Avery wjH understand my
meaning.) 2. What is the overwhelming
evidence which proved that N. apis is the
cause of " Isle of Wight " disease. Here
1 am afraid that Mr. Avery has caught me
tripping, for I cannot give it! But Leaf-
let No. 253 of the Board of Agriculture
says : " It (referring to ' I.O.W.' disease)
is caused by .a microscopical animal para-
site. . . . This protozoon has been given
the name of Nosema apis, Zand." Several
ailments, including " Isle of Wight " dis-
ease, are then enumerated ; then occurs
the following: "All these ailments are,
however, due to Nosema apis." Now I
was under the impression that the experi-
ments on which this leaflet is based in-
cluded the finding of N. apis in every
case, and successful inoculation experi-
ments, and were considered conclusive as
regards the cause of the disease. I am
aware that this not giving the evidence,
but it will explain why I made the pos-
sibly rash statement alluded to above. I
was not aware that the present investiga-
tors under the Board were not satisfied ■
as to the cause. However, I take Mr.
Avery's word for it. — G. R. Strong.

Wanted, Remedy for Ants.

[10076] We shall esteem it a favour if
you, or any of the readers of the B.B.J.,
will give us a remedy or sure cure for
preventing the small black ant from in-
festing beehives.

For the past seventeen years we have

had Devonshire Villa Apiary, of from fifty
to seventy colonies, and it is only this
season that the ants have worried us.

They so irritate and disturb the bees
that fifteen colonies have deserted the
hives, and in many cases leaving frames
of unhatched brood.

We have tried unslaked lime, under-
neath and around the hives, but found it
useless. Then we used a solution of
" War on Vermin," sprinkled through a
watering can, which was also .useless.
Next we tried a few hives with' legs in
tins of water, but this did not prevent
their appearance in thousands on the
alighting boards. Lastly we tried the
American method as published in your
B.B.J, of October 16 last, without the
slightest effect. Your journal we handed
to one of our leading chemists, and from
the prescription given therein it was made
up at a cost of Is. per tablespoonful. We
found, as soon as the solution painted on
the legs became dry, the ants passed up
and down in hundreds without showing
any signs of discomfort.

As we are at a loss to know what to do
now, we are therefore appealing to you
in the hope that you or your readers may
know of something more effective than
what we have tried.

Several other bee-keepers in and around
Pretoria are suffering in the same way. —
Cairncross and Zillen, Pretoria, South
Africa.

[Can any of our readers give any help
to our correspondents. As a rule, bee-
keepers in this country are not troubled
by ants to anything like the extent above,
and onr own practical experience with
them is only slight. We have, however,
read that standing the hive feet in a shal-
low vessel containing a mixture of oil and
carbolic acid has proved effectual. We shall
be pleased to receive and publish anything
that our readers may have found useful.
—Eds.]

Queen or Laying Worker.

[10077] An experience with one of my
hives has been out of the usual, alid I
thought would interest some of your
readers.

On July 26 the stock swarmed for the
third time this year. Previously I had
put them bacK after removing four combs
with bees and brood and all queen cells,
but this time T hived them on two racks
of drawn-out shallow combs, leaving only
one queen cell to the old stock. I was
leaving home next day, and did not
examine the old stock again until August
24, when I decided they were queenless
and gave a comb of eggs from another
stock. Next dav queen cells were started.
On August 31 I was given an old queen

8

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 1, 1920.

which was caged on the frame, end ori
September 4 I received a queen by post.
I placed a piece of close-fitting perforated
zinc in centre of hive. The old ( ?) queen
was one side with five combs, and the
later queen released by the bees on the
other side. On September 9 I found both
queens, no eggs, only sealed drone brood
in worker cells on side with old (?) queen.
I placed a bottle over each side, and
examined again on the 13th, finding with
the old queen strong evidence of a laying
worker, but no eggs from either queen,
both of which I saw again on the combs.
Put a few hours after, the queen received
by post was thrown outside very badly
battered. This left the stock with an
old (?) queen which refused to lay, and
hatching drones, miserable little things
stunted in growth. Things remained thus
until the 24th, when I noticed a, complete
change outside — bees rushing in and out
and collecting pollen, and inside on five
combs were good patches of eggs. The
following day was cold, but about four
o'clock, when other hives were quiet, this
hive was working hard. There had been
no eggs laid since July 26, and Nature
seemed to be telling them of the import-
ance of getting new life before their own
end came.

On the following morning, outside, I
found an abnormally large worker, about
the size of a queen, which I enclose, and
suggest is to be the mother of the drones
in the hive. I also suggest that from the
frame of eggs given them on August 24
a- queen was raised, which destroyed the
old queen introduced on August 31, and
she is now laying! I am waiting until
the brood is sealed to decide if it is
worker, as, being in the smaller cells, the
larvse may, t'o me, be insuflScient proof of
its sex.— H. E. Warren.

[We cannot say if the be© was a laying
worker. Usually they are no diffei'ent in
appearance to the other workers, so can-
not be-found, unless caught laying.— Eds.]

Frames.

[10078] Much has been written of late
about frames, but I think it is the brood
chamber which is at fault. I make all my
own hives — never bought but one — and I
make them all to hold twelve frames and
the following board. I find that a good
queen wants more than ten comhs — often
twelve. What a muddle there is when
trying to take out a frame when the
brood chamber will only hold just ten, and
the frame is full of brood and well covered
with bees, and what a lot of stings a new
hand gets ! If the chamber will hold
twelve frames and a good, thick following
board, one can take out the board, pull
back the frames one at a time, and just do
what one likes.

So far our bees, and all bees under my
charge, seem well, but how they, and we
too, would like to see a bright, sunny day,
so the bees could get out for a flight such
as some of our friends write about. Our
bees have not had a flight for eight or
nine weeks. I never remember them kept
in for so long this time of the year.^ —
C. Reed.

[We agree with Mr. Reed on the ques-
tion of a brood chamber to hold up
to 12 frames. Our own hives are of the
same size, and we find them a great con-
venience in manipulating. The ordinary
section rack or shallow frame box is used,
if more than 10 brood combs are needed
those not covered by the super have a
strip of wood or calico laid over them.
We have had to exanaine those hives,
generally cheap (?) ones, that will barely
accommodate 10 frames. When crowded
with bees, and combs drawn out to the
utmost, it is a difiicult matter to get
the first comb out at all, more difficult
still to do so without crushing and exas-
perating the bees. Even old hands often
get a goodly number of stings at times
when manipulating under such conditions.
The discomfort of small hives does not end
there, but is present throughout the sea-
son. There is not room to work when
putting on, or taking off supers. In ffict,
the bees are upset every time operations
are undertaken.— Jun. Ed.]

Trading Schemes.

[10079] In reference to the letter
[10,048] by G. H. Clewlow, in which men-
tion is made of " Women's Institutes,"
would it be possible to learn details of any
trading scheme which is in actual opera-
tion, so that a start could be made for the
coming season There are several reasons
why such a course cannot be lightly under-
taken, in spite of the enormous demand
fpr honey and great need for economy.
[£2,700,000 was spent on imported honpy
last year, whilst most of the nectar in the
flora of this country was ungathered.]

Firstly. — A county association is
usually dead against trading, as such, and
affords no assistance to that end.

Secondly. — Such a scheme depends for
its success t^pon the strei^uous work of a
capable and willing organi^ipg secretary,
or committee.

Thirdly. — Some sort of guarantee, or
some system of credit is absolutely
essential.

There are thousands of people, who,
laiowing little of the subject, are situated
in ideal districts for bee-keeping, and are
ready and willing to take it up, providing
that" some definite information as to the
possibilities of success is forthcoming.
They are hopeful, yet philosophical, want-

Jan. 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

9

ing to know the worst, but looking for the
best, and, therefore, requiring no glowing
accounts of huge profits, but straight-
forward information and hard financial
facts.

Now, as to those reasons against : —

Firstly. — It is hoped that the county
associations will relax a little, and help by
calling a meeting, or, at least, by giving
such informatioin that would enable mem-
bers to get in touch with one another.

Secondly. — No doubt,- a glowing
eijthusiast, optimistic to a degree, is the
real sine qua non, but surely most bee-
keepers are enthusiastic and, shall we say,
supermen, too.

Thirdly. — Once a committee is formed, a
small sum, say 5s. as the first instalment
of a £1 share, would cover preliminary
expenses, pay for a few small appliances,
or books for general use, and allow of the
placing of orders for hives. Ordered in
bulk, goods should be cheaper; but perfec-
tion in quality is the one thing to be
looked for, though it is not easily obtained
in these days of profiteering. Incident-
ally, there is many a genius hidden under
the humble cloak of a village carpenter.

Individual ownership, or a co-partner-
ship arrangement, can be made to suit the
pocket of each qiember, but in any case,
cash should be paid to the committee on
receipt of goods, unless the scheme has a
financial backing to provide s\ifficient
credit for an instalment plan. Of course,
the bees should be raised by breeding, and
the formation of nuclei.

Perhaps someone interested will send
along particulars of any s\jch scheme. —
E. A. H., Bristol.

Questions, etc., for Bee-keepers
for Self-Exam ination.

443. What eggs laid by a queen are
unfertilised?

444. In what circumstances may a large
number of drone cells be found in or near
the centre of a skep hive?

445. Describe the honey derived from
the following sources: — Buckwheat,
clover, asters, Canterbury bells, heather,
lime, willow herb, apple, sage.

446. State the purpose for which
frames are wired, and explain minutely
how the wiring is done.

447. What is about, the daily rate of
mortality of a colony during a honey-flow?

448. Describe fully the process of paint-
ing a new box hive.

449. Make a brief but full list of what
was done when wintering ■ down last
season, for reference next season.

450. State fully the rationale of fan-
ning.

451. For what are the following cele-
brated : Dzierzon, Doolittle, Berlepsch,
Langstroth, Huber?

452. Show why a full study of the bee,
its instincts and activities, is essential to
profitable bee-keeping. J, L. B.

Combs from Other Hives.

Paratyphus in HoneyaBees.

Bahr (L), Paratyfus hos Honningbien

(Paratyphus in Honey Bees). — Skan-

dinavisk Veterinar-Tidsskrift, ix.. 1919,

pp. 25-40, 45-60.

An acute enteritis of bees in the vicinity
of Copenhagen has been found to be due
to bacillus paratyphi-alvei, the bees show-
ing symptoms of debility, inability to fly,
and sometimes diarrhoea, and dying in
from 24 hours to a few days. The disease
was introduced with purchased infected
bees, and in eight beehives 50 per cent,
of the bees succumbed in a fortnight.
Bacillus paratyphi-alvei was found in
great numbers in the gut of all the in-
fected bees, often almost as a pure cul-
ture, and was also found in the blood. It
is not identical with the forms of B. para-
typhi found in man and domestic animals.

The feedine of healthy bees and of Vespa
with pure cultures dissolved in 5 per cent.-
sugar solution showed positive results, but
mice, guinea-pigs and rats were not suscep-
tible. While the organism is not normally
found in healthy bees, it has occurred ex-
ceptionally. In these cases the infection
has possibly been present earlier in such
hives, and it is certain that many cases
of paralysis and dysentery recorded in
bees have been due to paratyphus.

This somewhat infectious and malignant
disease can be spread (1) by purchase of
infected bees and of apparently healthy
bees that originate from a hive that some
time previously has been attacked by the
disease; (2) through foreign infected
males; (3) through bee-keepers carrying
the infection from attacked apiaries to
healthy ones; and (4) through infect<?d
frames, tools, or hives. The author there-
fore proposes measures controlling the
purchase of bees and the prohibition of
the importation of foreign bees and
queens.

[From the " Review of Applied Entomo-
logy," Vol. VII., November, 1919.]

Eggless Honey-Muffins.

One cup bran, one cup corn meal, one
cup flour, three tablespoonfuls shortening,
one-third cup honey, half teaspoonful salt,
half teaspoonful soda, water to make thin
batter. Bake in hot oven in mujffin tins.
— Thie Western Honey Bee.

10

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 1, 1920.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

AdvertUemtnU mutt reaeh im NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TVHSDAY MORNINO fvr
in$*rtion in th* " Journal " tho $ame week,

Ordort lor three or mere eontecutive iniertinnt
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertiterg to one
inM*rtion in " Th« Bee-Keepert' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

KA SECTIONS, clov€r and heather.— Stamp for
0\} price and particulars, W. FORBES, Rheeves.
Forres, Morayshire. x.37

7CWTS. LIGHT CAMBRIDGESHIRE HONEY,
£8 10s. cwt., on rail, 28-lb. tins; tins free;
sample 6d.-^EORGE BARNES, Burwell, Cambs.

a.l

SIX 28-lb. tine prize English Honey, granulated,
solid, 40s. per tin; carriage extra.— VINCENT,
132, Croydon Road, Anerley, S.E. a.2

HE GRAMOPHONE RECORD EXCHANGE

will exchange Records 5e. dozen; return
postage free.— Address, 6, Rood Lane, London.
Particulars stamp. x.28

WANTED, new Cycle Chain, 1 in. pitch by i
and 5 ft. 6 in. long, twin roller, or block.—
Price to A. J., B.B.J. Office, 23. Bedford Street,
Strand, W.C.2. x.32a

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.- Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

ANTED, Auster rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

W

FOR SALE, seven Motor Car Tubes, valves com-
plete, 760 x 90, 9s. each, post free; one Exhaust
Whistle. Us., post free; one Wood Milne Motor
Foot Pump, 45s., carriage free; one 760 x 90 Cover,
15s., carriage free; one small Motor Jlorn, 5s., post
free.- HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

CORRBSPONDENCB Course in Bee-keeping.-
MISS F. B. PALING, Golden Square, Hen-
Celd, SuBoex. rw.31

WILL all those bee-keepers possessing 25 stocks
of bees and upwards kindly send particulars
to SECRETARY, B.B.K.A., 23. Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.? v^

WILL all those who are not in favour of legis-
lation please communicate with Box 48, Bee
Journal Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. ?

v.28

Bvsnnsss abvertibeuents.

lid. per word.

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price list
for 1920 on application.— Address, E. PENNA,
Bologna, Italy. w.39

ENRICO BOtZZALLA invites readers of the
B.B.J, to write to his Agent, H. M. Stich,
Riccartsbar Avenue, Paisley, for a copy of his
1920 Catalogue of Bozzalla purely mated Italian
Queens. Customers will be supplied with a copy
shortly direct from Crevacuore. a.3

BUY our Guaranteed Bees and Queens, and
ensure success. Catalogue 3d., which will be
returned on first order.— PEARSON & GALE,
Marlborough. a.4

tbe metal foundation.

For the benefit of readers of the JOURNAL
and the RECORD we have arranged with the
manufacturers of the Metal Foundation to
accept all orders received through our offices
at a consideration in the shape of a 25 per
cent, deposit to begin with, and the balance
by mid-March, or prior to delivery, if earlier.
All orders are guaranteed by them to be
executed not later than April, 1920.

Prices :—(]) BRITISH STANDARD FRAME,
fully fitted with " worker "
Metal Foundation : Single,
2s. 4d. ; per two dozens, 2s. 3d.
each frame ; per four dozens
and over, 2s. 2d. each frame.
(2) STANDARD SHEET of
'* worker " Metal Foundation :
Single, 2s. ; per two dozens,
Is. lid. each sheet; per four
dozens, Is. lOd. each sheet.

Packing & Carriage Extra.

*^* Since the Metal Foundation will be pro-
duced only to order, no order will be subject
to cancelling.

INSURE YOUR STOCKS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND. OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "Yadil" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application,

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

The certain cure for
and Preventative of
"Iile of Wight" diiease.

BACTEROL

Proved by Bee-keepers
generally after testing on
the most hopeless stocks.

Maoufaotnred by "Baotarol" Limited, London, N.~
MENItBV & JAMES, I.TD., MENIiEY HOUSE, FARRZNODON XtOAD, I.OKDON, E.C

Jan. 1.1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOtrBNAL. 11

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Cbe metal
foundation

(Protected.)

Earlier than our expectation, we
have pleasure in announcing that we
are now booking orders for Metal
Foundation (framed and otherwise) for
the 1920 season. Special frames for its
accommodation are supplied only by
ourselves.

As the particular aluminium sheets
needed for its production have to be
specially manufactured at a notice of
no less than 3 months, bee-keepers are
advised to give their order at once, so
that all orders may be executed before
the season begins.

The Trade is recommended to order
without delay the maximum quantity
which is needed or is likely to be
required. Judging by the numerous in-
quiries that are being received, we
respectfully suggest to every large Bee
Appliances Establishment placing an
order of 10,000 framed sheets, to
begin with. No order, hoWeVer, is too small and none is too big, provided it is
immediately given. All orders, whether large or small, will he executed in strict
rotation.

RETAIL PRICES.

(I)

(2)

British Standard Frame
fully fitted uith worker
Metal Foundation.

Standard Sheets of worker
Metal Foundation,

Single. ForTwoDozens.

For Four Dozens
and over.

2/4
21-

2/3
1/11

2/2
1/10

Per

fitted
frame.

Per
sheet.

Subject to a five per cent discount to all members of the Apis Club.
Cash with Order. Carriage forward.

A FINAL REMINDER!

ment give your order NOW.

To avoid disappoint-

JAMES LEE & SON,

UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

(Telegrams : Graphically. Uxbridge.)

J:t^):t}::t}TO}:t):tX^):(^)OTn}TOnn}::tnn}:(n):(nnXXnnnnX:mn^

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12

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 1, 1920.

Dont Order " W, S." Queens until you have seen the
"Queenland" Revised List for 1920. 3id, post free.

NUCLEUS STOCKS-Same Price as 1919.

The only Pedigree Bee-Stock Registered in direct line for more

than 25 years,

"AMALGA" is the name of our Queen breedingmother for 1920
"ALIA" is the name of our Drone parent for 1920.

pkoduce of one nucleus
rp:alises over £40 in cash.

" The three-frame nucleus I purchased
from you had increased last autumn to
two strong stocks. I supered one on
April 25rd of this year, and the other a
few days later. I sold two swarms, and
made up the others to five stocks. Of
these 1 also sold three stocks. The
originallot gave 198 lbs. of honey, and
in all I have taken 365 lbs. My sales
amounted to over JB41 in actual cash."

rMlSS^ H. G. MOYSEY.

Somerset, Oct. 9th, 1918.

EXCEEDS 500 PER CENT. INTEREST.

" We have now 12 stocks to winter,
besides selling one, out of the two three-
frame nuclei supplied June 20th last year."
(August 15th, 1917). Miss B. D.

Quainton, Buck*i

THREE TO SEVENTEEN.

" It may interest you to know that the
three stocks to which I introduced your
queens (the only stocks saved in the
apiary) in 1916, produced in all 17 stocks,
and a good surplus in honey in 1917; this
under the care of my wife who knew
nothing about bees. I simply directed
her as to management from there
(FranceK" Oliver G. Pike.

April'gth, 1918. '

FIRST AND BEST.

" Your White Star strain was the first
to enter the sections, and all the honey I
got was from them." G. H. S.

Heddon House Dairy.

APRIL 19th.— BOILING OVER.

" The hive is simply boiling over with
W. S. bees. They are at work when my
other stocks are idling, and they are
stronger than any of my other stocks."

Aberdare, Wales. - E. T. W.

ARE THE W.S. PROLIFIC?

" In 1904 I got a W.S. queen from you,
and last year (1905) by the first week in
June she had brood in twenty-five stan-
dard frames." J. H.

Higher Kinnerton, Chester.

NUCLEUS DELIVERED IN JUNE;
40 FRAMES BY AUGUST.

" The three-frame nucleus of bees now
occupy 40 Standard Frames. They have
exceeded beyond anything I believed pos-
sible. I have never had anything like
them before, and if the other queens on
order turn out the same I consider my
fortune made." John Jones.

Llancarfan. Aug. 21st, 1918.

SEVERAL STOCKS FROM ONE
NUCLEUS.

" It seems almost ridiculous that this
nucleus of the previous season (Aug.),
before I was prepared for it, swarmed in
April, and I now have several stocks from
that investment." J. W. McKat.

Croydon.

EIGHT STOCKS FROM ONE W.S.

NUCLEUS.
" I now have eight stocks from the one
nucleus you supplied last year."

J. Jones.
Llancarfan, May, 1919.

BEST IN THE COUNTY- -NEVER
SAW THE LIKE !

" May 26th. — The two queens you sent
me have exceeded anything that I ever
thought of. The stock chambers are full
and crammed with brood, and all three
supers crowded with bees ; but even with
this -"Jie bees are boiling over. I have not
fed them at all, and have removed several
frames of brood for another lot. The
County Expert called yesterday, and said
he had never seen such bees, and they
were certainilv the best in Hampshire."

D. D. P.

NO SPRING-FEEDING, BUT AGAIN
FIRST.
" The W.S. bees on eleven 16 x 10
framed were full and boiling over at the
middle of May. and were the first to enter
supers out of 23 stocks ; and last, but not
least, they required no spring feeding."

U. W.
Arnold, Notts.

Revised 1920 "White Star" List, 3^d., of 8. SIMMiNS, Queenland, Heathfield, Sussex.

Jan. 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

HONEY AND BEESWAX PURCHASED.

Run Honey in bulk. Sections per gross.

HONET FOR SAIiS.

Cuban, Californian, English, Irish.

Free tins and cases, carriage paid. Cash with
order. Samples, le. Prices on application.

A. GORDON Rows, 28a, Moy Road, Cardiff.

The products of the Apiaty, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Gel a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The

'Bazaeir " publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free rom —

WINDSOR HOUSE. Breams Buildings, LONDON, E.C.2
THE

Britisli Bee-Keepers' AssodatioB.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W. BBRBOD-HEUPSAXZi, S3, Bedford
Street, Strand, Iiondon, W.C.S.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

A Modern Bee Farm

Bee-keeping (Db. E. F. Phillips)

BEE-KEEPING SIMPIOFIED

FOR THE COTTAGER AND

SMAU^HOXiDBR (W. Hebkod-

HSUFBILL, iF.B.S.)

BEE-KEBPER8' PRACTICAL
NOTE BOOK (T. W. Oowim)

BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. CowiM)
(paper corere only)

Dlssectible Model oC Queen

FERTUiISATION OF FRTTIT
BI.0S80MS BT BEES (T. W.

OOWAN)

Honey and Health (A. Hon) ...
Honey Vinegar CKbt. Q. Bamoks)
How to Keep Beea (Aniia B.

COMBTOCK)

Productive Bee-Keeping (PaxET)

PRODUCING, PREPARING,
EXHTBI^NG AND JUDG-
ING BSE PRODUCE <W.
HsBBOD-HBursiu,, F.B.S.)

Queen Reading in England
(F. W. L. Sladm)

Snelgrove's Method oC Re-
Queening

The " Towneend " Bee Book ...

WAX CRAFT (T. W. OowiK>...

Wilke's Book on Swarming ...

MISCEIJ.ANEOUS

Maeterlinck's Iiife of the Bee

The Iiore ol the Honey Bee

(TlOKNKE EJ)WABDK8)

The Humble Bee <F W. L.
Sladbn)

7/6
10/6

Portao*

... 6d.
... 6d.

1/-
X/-

8/6

4/6

-/3
-/6

-/a

5/.
10/6

a/.

1/6

i«d.
14d.
. 3d.

3d.

Id.

3d.
9d.

•!•

_. Id.

a/6

„ ad.

a/.

... aid.

1/-

... X*d.

3/6

a/-

12/6

3d.
2d.

6d.

British Bee Jonrnal & Record Office,

23. Bedford stbebt. strand. London, w.ce.

- - THE - -

BRITISH BEE JOURNAIi.

ESTABLISHED 1873.

THE NEW VOLUME COMMENCES JANUARY 1st.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL is supplied direct from the Office every week, post free
for One Year, lOs. lOd. ; Half Year, 53. 5d. ; Three Months, 2s. 9d. (payable in advance).
Posted on Wednesday evening in time for delivery on Thursday.

Money Orders and Cheques should be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsalland crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank."

siJr:Bsci^ipmoM^ forivt.

(To be filled up by intending Subscribers, cut out, and returned to the Office.)

Plea<« tend me "The British Bee Journal" for. .

Commencing '

192

, for which I enelote

*Name.

DaU.

Address-

•Pleaae state whether Mr., Mrs., or Miss, etc.

It will constderably facilitate our puhlishing arrangements if subscriptions are dated from the beginning oj
each year; the vroprietor will therefore be obliged if subscribers will fill up and return the above form as early
as possible.

COVERS FOR BINDING
"BRITISH BEE JOURNAL" or "BEE-KEEPERS' RECORD," 1/8 post free.

British Bee Journal Office, 23 Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C.2.

ir

THE BRITISH BEE JDtJltyAL. Jan. 1, 1920.

QUALITY,

The difference between a good bargain and a bad bargain
is not so much a matter of money as of quality.

All our gfoods have the '' Hallmark of Quality " resulting: in a large
clientele of SATISFIED customers. Does this mean anythingf to
you ? If so, send for our large Illustrated Catalogue for 1 920,

free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, -
Bee Appliance Works, WORMIT, FIFE, SCOTLAND.

THE UXBRIDGE W.B.C. HIVE.

We originally introduced this type of
W.B.C. Hive over twenty years ago,
and offered it for several years as
" Lee's Waterproof Cover." Bee-
keepers of those days did not care for
it. Hence it was withdrawn from our
list. We now offer it as illustrated.
Lifts and covers are square and
dovetailed.

Price, including stock box, ten
frames with ends and dummy, two
shallow frame boxes with eight frames
in each, 48/6. We will also supply
this hive without inside fittings, to
enable beekeepers to transfer existing
stocks to the new covers, for 30/-.
Carriage paid, 2/6 extra.

PROMPT DEUVERY.

JAME^S I^E^E: &» SON, I^XD.,

UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

The [Kent Standard Model Hives & Appliances

TESTIMONIAL. May 12.

Dear Sir, — I have had an opportunity of comparing the material and workmanship
of your hives with others on the market, and in my opinion there is no sort of comparison
between the two, yours being altogether superior in every particular. — Yours faithfully,

S. J. BALDWIN. Stanley Road, Bromley, Kent.

BEE
APPLIANCES.

BURTT, Gloucester, ">£

Netk? Illustrated Catalogue Free on application.

FWNTED BY THB AVINXIE PkEBS (L. UpOOTI GlLL & SON, LtD) 55-57, DEDEy LANB, LONDON, W.C., AM*

Published ro& thk Propbistor (W. Hebbod-Hkmpball). by Sihpein, Mabshill, HiMiLiOM.
Kent &. Co.. Ltd., 31 & 32, PiiBBNOSiSB Bow. B.C.

Beitish Bbe Journal and Beb-keepbeb' Adviser. January 8, 1920.

Ivla.s?i;a.c]fit:

FEB 5 - 1

li^jg^

& JBcc-JT^ccpers

Adviser.

^W^eldf Joiimal Devoted to
the Interests oj

- Bee- Keepers.

N«. 1959. Vol. XLVni

JANUARY 8, 1920. IPublished every Thursdav, Price ad.

coBrn?jBxrrra.

Seasonable Hints

Speing Feeding foe Bees

A DoESET Tarn

Jottings from Huntingdonshiee

Notes on Bee-keeping

Trade Cataloqtje Received

PAGE

. 13

. 13

. 13

. 14

. IS

. ao

Correspondence — page

What's Wrong with the Craft ? 16

Cotswold Notes 17

Labelling Honey with Country of Origin — 1*7

Bee Legislation • 1*

Combs prom Othee Hives ;..,... 20

Honey (Poem) 21

DO NOT LET YOUR BEES STARVE.

Use Taylor's Soft Candy

1-lb. 1/6, post free ; 6-1bs. 6/-, post free ;
12-lbs. 10/6 (11/6 carriage paid, 12/- post free.)

SYRUP— 7 lbs. 7/6 ; 14-lbs. 10/6 ; 28 lbs. 20/ SUGAR VOUCHER mostl b«

sent with order.

BEESWAX BOUGHT,

2/- lb. Cash, or 2/1 lb. allowed if taken out in goods.

Also Cleaned and Sterilised and made into Foundation.

No. 77. Compressed
NAPHTHAFORMA TABLETS,

The Germ-killing Remedy for Foul Brood
1/9 Bottle, Post Free.

TAYLOR'S NEW REGISTERED
ZINC EXCLUDER

giving 50% freer access to supers

i6 X i6 squares 3/-, post 6d.
8-ft sheets 15/-, post i/-.

BACTEROL & YADIL,

For "Isle of Wight" Diseaie.

Bacterol, 2/6 per bottle, post 6d.
-^ Yadil, 3/6 per bottle, post 6d.

Syrup should be fe imedicated with abore hi

Taylor's Registered Feeder,

Specially designed for above cures,

Post free, 3/10.

or Bottle of Bacterol and Feeder, 6/.poetiFc«

TAYLOR'S No. 12 HIVE, Dovetailed, at 29/. Carriage Paid. In the Flat, 28/-

BEST VALUE IN HIVES EVER OFFERED.
NEW CATALOGUE FOR 1919 POST FREE.

E. H. TAYLOR. WELWYN, HERTS.

u

THB BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1920.

^i

the new Year's
Surprise!

^ On another page
of the Journal we
make an announce-
ment relative to the
supply of Metal Foun-
dation for the coming
season. Do not defer
its study. You may
be disappointed if
you do not give it
your immediate at-
tention.

^ Only one type of
Metal Foundation
(standard size, and
milled) will be pro-
duced at first. Other
types and sizes may
follow later. An
original new mill of
hardened steel will
be employed for the
purpose. The mill
is costly, yet the
prices we quote are
well within the pur-
chasing power of the
average beekeeper.

MAIN ADVANTAGES.

(1) Indefinite durabihty with reasonable care ; (2) Greater comb stability in
quick extracting ; (3) Greater safety of bees in transit on new combs ; (4)
Control of drone cells ; (5) The production of even combs ; (6) Easy
removal of queen cells without the slightest injury to the foundation ; (7)
Cleanliness and adaptability to sterilisation by boiling ; (8) Economy of labour
and time in fitting and detaching ; (9) An ideal compromise between the
metal comb and the wax foundation.

LITERATURE.

"The British Bee Journal," November 13 ; " Bee Craft," December ;

and " The Bee World," September and October, 1919.

'♦* The non-wax foundation, including the Metal Foundation, is protected.

JAMES LEE & SON, Uxbridge, Middlesex.

"CeUgrann: "i Graphically, Uxbridge."

iMi€BBB4

J

Jan. 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

13

Seasonable Hints.

The most critical time of the winter, so
far as bees are concerned, is the first eight
weeks of the New Year. The food stored
up will have been more or less used up,
and as breeding commences during the first
few weeks, the remaining stock will be
used up still more rapidly, as the larvae
need much more food than adult bees.
If bees were packed up for the winter with
abundance of stores, and a free passage
was left over the top bars of the frames,
they will be all right, but if there is any
doubt as to the adequacy of the food sup-
ply, a cake of candy should be placed over
the cluster, on a mild day. Better make
it a good-sized one, not less than 2 lbs., as
it is quite possible we may have several
weeks of very cold weather during
January and February, when it will be
too cold to even renew the candy. See, also,
that the coverings are dry, and if not
change, or dry them. Keep entrances
clear, and look out for mice finding a way
into the hives.

A further grant of sugar has been made
for spring feeding, and though it does not
err on the side of being too much, it is as
much as can be given under present coftdi-
tions. If made into candy flour should not
be used with it at present.

Any goods needed should be ordered as
soon as possible. Those who defer order-
ing frames, and foundation, etc., until
they are needed in a hurry are asking for
ifrouble. Appliance dealers are busy even
now, so bee-keepers may guess what oppor-
tunity they will have of sending of
" rush " orders in, say, April," May and
June. Those who are wise will order
earlv.

Spring Feeding of Bees, 1920.

The Board of Agriculture and Fisheries,
by arrangement with the Royal Commis-
sion on the Sugar Supply, have been able
to secure for registered bee-keepers a
ration of 6 lbs. of sugar per stock for the
period January-May, 1920.

Bee-keepers already registered for the
autumn ration will not have to re-
register. They should apply direct to
their Local Food OfiBce, where the
autumn feeding certificates will be re-
ferred to, and sugar vouchers will then
be issued to them on the basis of the
number of stocks certified.

Bee-keepers who did not apply for the

autumn ration, but who desire to obtain
the spring ration, must first register with
the Local Food Comittee. The addresses
of these Committees for the various dis-
tricts in England and Wales were given
in the Journal for Augus.t 14, 1919.

The ration is available until May 31,
1920, and should be used immediately or
deferred until later in the season, accord-
ing to the requirements of the bee-keeper's
stocks.

A Dorset Yarn.

The first days of the New Year were wet
and cold, no bees to be seen, but we con-
clude that all is well.

It is one of the peculiarities of disease
that when the bees have it, all want to
run away from the hive rather than spread
it to others. A lady this week asked what
could be done, as hers " were crawling out
in great numbers." All soon will perish
when away from the winter cluster. One
year, wJien it was very bad with us, they
streamed out in March, yet in some there
were enough left to cover some of the
brood, and they recovered, others went
under. Another neighbour says that one
of his has gone under ; he had built his up
from a very small cast of Italians, in 1917.
He did not say if it was disease, it may
have been exposure, his cow was in with
them one morning. One should always
have them where they are safe from stock.

One always looks on winter as a dull
time with bees, it certainly is one of ap-
prehension, but the optimist who leaves
them right, believes that they will come
out right. Some of us still believe " that
all things work together for good with,
them that love God." Many will tell you,
"God's in His Heaven, all's right with the
world." That is so, laut the teaching of
the talents is that God has given us them
to use for our advancement, or we shall
be exploited for the advancement of
others. We who know what is for the best
wintering of bees, try to give them that
which will keep the winter cluster warm.
We all have different methods, but all tend
to the one essential, warmth. I once bought
some bees at a farm sale that were covered
down with newspapers and seed cata-
logues. The roofs of these hives were ex-
ceptionally well made, or paper would
have been one of the worst coverings for
bees. These all did well. I bought some
more skeps when the snow was on the
ground. These were a very active lot,
were round the entrance all the time of
the sale. The covering these had was a
heseian potato Ibag, »and a round eaf then-
ware platter of red, about 1^ ft. across,
to keep off wet r all these skeps had a hole

14

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1920.

in the top for extra supers. Others have
shallow coverings of wood to fit the hrood
chamber closely, giving them space over
the combs to give them freedom in getting
to the food by going over the top of combs
instead of having to go down to the bot-
tom, where the cold comes in. All this is
done to make them safe for the winter ; if
all is done, ihen we m'ay well say, " God's
in His Heaven, all 'ts right with the world. ' '
We who plod on each year with bees, carry
on with what we find is best, we study
their habits and economics ; all this gives
pleasure to life. Tolstoy wrote : " Life is
the mill which man wishes tO' study, the
mill is necessary only in order to grind
well. " I have many times repeated " Life
is 'real, life is earnest." Life is not an
empty dream. The great God has given
us brains (or " talents " as the Old Book
teaches) to work out our own life, not
alone in selfish pleasure, hut in finding
pleasure in the work of the world. The
keen study of bees will give both pleasure
and profit, if only we use the talents God
has given us. An old Chinese proverb
has it, that he who will save the spade
given him to procure food for supporting
life, will lose both the spade and his life.
I reckon we shall lose our bees if we do
not give them all the care we can for
winter warmth. J. J. K'bttle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Dear Mr. Editor, — You will notice the
handwriting is different this week. I am
writing these jottings for Daddy, who is
very busy. I don't think I know very

much about bees. They will most certainly
be "jottings" this week, as all I know
about their doings at present is that they
are fast asleep in the hives — at least one
is led to think so by what one hears. I
must say my private opinion isi that they
are not fast asleep. I was with Daddy
the other day when he opened the hives of
a friend, and the bees were buzzing out
in a moment. I expected them to be quiet

and sleepy, so I thought it must be a
phenomenon, and said "ta-ta." But find-
ing other people were quite unmoved, I
returned, and got quite interested. Now
I will try and write some sense. Tell your
readers that they had better make certain
that the hive is not infested by " eery-
wigs " as the old lady said, for I saw a
hive the other day that was. Daddy says
that he thinks one of his queens has begun
to lay. Fancy their laying so early in j
the year, as there are only such a few
flowers out I But still, although it is only
January, we have a wallflower out, and a
precocious primrose or two. We had some
roeebuds for Christmas, a few periwinkle

flowers, so,me laraibio and lots of yellow
jasmine.

Daddy h'as a rndss^arding queen bee
hiberating in a tin in his cupboard ; she is
such a funny little thing. She rests on her
back, and when you look at her she rubs
her eyes in such au amusing way, as much
as to say, " Go away, I 'se sleepy." In
another tin we have a mason queen, and a
tapestry bee keeps her company. I sup-
pose by the end of April they will want
to fly away and build nests for their pro-
geny. It iseems a shame 'to lo«e sight of
them, when their nest and family will be
so interesting. I wish there was some way
of retaining them so they will make their
home's near to us. How nice to go to
sleep in autumn and wake up to find it
spring ! But, after all, if we did the same
we should miss Christmas, shouldn't we?
The insects that attract me most are moths
and butterflies, because one gets more
satisifaction out of them. To see anything
of bees one has to do the thing properly
and sacrifice comfoirt and good looks, Who'
cares to look like a Chinaman half the
summer months, just when you 8©e every-
one and everyone sees you ? For my pains
I have a case of ladies in bright array to
show. But all Daddy has to show is some
lovely honey, which, at the end of a meal,
the section is possibly no longer to be seen .
I have many specimens of English butter-
flies, and would love to get hold of a
marble white. I am not so rich in moths,
and my chief ambition in that direction is
to get all the hawk moths. There is one
species I think that robs the hives, namely,
the Death's Head Hawk Moth. That is
a rare moth, I think, but surely I have a
chance of getting one with all these hives
about. In the summer I found several
big, chubby, white grubs in some wax
which Daddy had found in a roof. I took
two, and put them in a box with a large
lump of their former home to feed on.
They very soon retired to a corner, and
there shut themselves in. One made its
cocoon lengthways round the corner,, the
other upright. The first I called " lati-
tude " and the other " longitude," and
with such names as that, I fondly hoped
they would fulfil my expectations. Alas !
they still sleep on. Perhaps they knew
something about this old world coming to
an end on December 11, and thought that
" latitude " and " longitude " would no
longer be needed ; if so, I think I will give
them a shaking up to remind them that I,
at least, am still on the globe.

I wonder if these "jottings" will help
to fill up your waste paper basket or light
the office fire; they might even be raised
to the dignity of lighting your pipe in
the form of a spill. I've never seen a real
live editor ; what sort of creatures are

Jan. 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

15

they? I always imagine them old, with
mutton-chop whiskers, sitting solemnly at
a desk in an upper room, with a gaso-
meter sort of arrangement which reaches
down to the basement, into which the con-
tents of the waste-paper basket are period-
idally thrown. -It must be horrid to have
to interview an editor; I'm sure if I had
to do eo I should shake like an aspen leaf
or collapse on the stairs — is that why edi-
tors always live in upper stories?

Perhaps when I am home for the Easter
holidays bees will be out and busy; then
I might be again tempted to worry yon
with more effusions. Until then, Mr.
Editor, you may consider yourself safe.
With best New Year wishete, ypurs sin-
vcerely. — ^liOis E. Hemming.

[We are sure our readers will, like our-
selves, be delighted with the foregoing
'' jottings," and congratulate Rev. E. F.
Hemming on having such a capable,
though young, helpmate. We certainly
could mot throw isuch a charming letter into
our somewhat capacious W.P.B. ; and as
turning tobacco into smoke is not one of
our accomplishments, we could not use it
for spills as suggested ; as our fires are gas
fires, we do not need any firelighter bej'ond
a matcfh, so the only thing to do is to
print the letter. We hope some day to
have the pleasure of meeting our corre-
spondent and her father and prove that
even editors are only after all very ordi-
nary folk. — ^Eds.]

Notes on Bee-Keeping.

I took up a paper the other day giving
the census of beehives stocked with bees
in the United Kingdom, and I thought
how comparatively few of the people in
rural districts interested themselves in
l)ee-craft, although many advantages can
be gained in this intellectual pursuit, for
no one can watch a hive of bees, whether
skep, bar-frame, or observatory hives,
without gaining intellectually. Notice
the bee as it brings home its load of
pollen, packed into its pollen baskets, just
at a time when it is most needed for the
hungry larvae within ; then step into the
garden and watch it gathering these loads
of pollen, not first on this species of
flower and then on that, but choosing all
those of the same family — passing from a
dandelion right over that willow-tree,
choking with pollen, to another dandelion
close by, dusting itself all over, and then,
flying in the air, removing the pollen
grains from its body and packing them
neatly into its pollen baskets situated on
its hind legs, then returning to its home.
Look into the observatory hive and exa-
mine the bees hanging in clusters, secret-
ing the wax, and then- wilih busy feet and

jaws building their snow-white combs
obtained from wax pockets underneath,
their bodies. Note the energy of the sen-
tinel bees at the entrance detecting a
straJiger with hostile intent, driving it
away, or perhaps killing it. The industry
of the bees in that little home day and
night, never tiring for a moment-— what
an example to the onlooker ! How dens©
must be his mind if he fails to gai,n some-
thing intellectually from these examples.
Bee-keeping is an aid to health ; fresh air,
plenty of sunlight, healthy occupation for
the Tuind, and a moderate amount of exer-
cise are all conducive to our well-being.
Then apiculture offers us financial success.
I am strongly of the opinion that no
description of stock-keeping is such a
success financially as bee-keeping. Our
forefathers made the old straw skep a
financial success; how much more should
we, that work to modern bee-keeping
methods? One feels it a satisfaction gaz-
ing on the snow-white sections and run
honey, the latter with a market value of
£10 per cwt. Honey produce is not the
only source of profit; wax finds a ready
sale, and when one does get a swarm a
good price is usually obtainable on the
market. For the farmer and fruit-grower
bees play an essential part as to the pro-
fits, such as fertilising crops and fruit
blossoms and making them more produc-
tive, all adding to his pocket. Generally,
of course, bees are kept mostly for honey
supply, and those who can eat honey at
any time— and there are few who cannot —
will find it a nourishment of the most
agreeable form ; it is one of the best of
foods for human consumption. Scientists
tell us all food, if not soluble in water,
requires to be changed within the body
before its nutritive parts can be received
into the System. This change is made by
the process of solution and is termed
digestion. Starch, which forms three-
fourths of the bread we eat, is useless as
food while it remains in the form of
starch, undissolved. In the act of eating
saliva changes part of the starch into
sugar, which in due course, being sup-
plied in solution into the blood, supplies
heat and power. Honey in its natural
state is all ready to be absorbed into the
system, therefore no laboui' is required to
render it a heat-producing power, hence
the superiority over other sugar foods.
Every cottager can have his own pure
honey, and none of the compounds, con-
sistina; of glucose, which have been sold
in ihia country during the war. As an
example, a lady came to my house last
February and wished to purchase some
pure honey. She related to me how she
had bought some so-called pure Australian
honey, which had given her eczema; the
trace I could plainly see as slie stood
before me., , Every man who keeps his own

16

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1920.

bees is assured tliat his honey is pure,
minus compounds that we see so much of
to-day. Pure, unadulterated honey, ex-
tracted from clean combs, or eaten in the
form of sections, will produce a healthy
condition of the body which no other food
caji offer in like degree. -

I was not aware, until I read it in these
columns, that the swallow (Hirundo TJr-
hica) was addicted to killing bees. It is a
pity that this beautiful harbinger of
spring should be guilty of such a charge.
I have noticed swallows flying over the
hives, but rather too high to detect any
mischief. Fortunately for the bee-keeper
this country contains very few bee-enemies,
Last winter I was pestered with the blue-
tit (Parus-cceruleus) clatcliing bees, and
tearing away the head and thorax from
the abdomen, the former was greedily
eaten, while the latter was cast away. In
the present winter I have, so far, only
Been one, and thi|S was placed hors-de-
comhat with gunshot. It is with regret
that we have to destroy some of these
bee-enemies, as they render valuable
assistance to the gardener in destroying
insects. The toad should never be allowed
in sufl&cient numbers in an apiary to do
any very serious damage. I have seen
these on two occasions upon the alighting
boards, waiting to devour any bee coming
within reach of their long tongues. Every
gardener knows the value of the toad as an
insect destroyer. Mice at this time of the
year work havoc in hiv«is if not kep't
under, they seem to have a particular taste
for honey, besides destroying the combs.
If the entrances to hives are too large, as
a good preventive place a wire across the
entrance; this will prevent the entrance
of mice, at the same time allowing suflB-
cient space for the egress and iAgress of
the bees, and for ventilation. Under the
coverings of straw skeps is a favourite
place for mice, holes being gnawed through
the crown, and the combs tainted with
their excreta. This latter must fre-
quently cause the bees to vacate the hive.
In autumn wasps are very troublesome to
the apiarist, and all nucleus hives should
have their entrances contracted; of course
in strong colonies this is not necessary, as
they are usually able to protect themselves
against these intruders. Moths are a
great nuisance in the store-house where
empty combs are kept. These will be
quickly spoilt by the moth larvse drilling
holes along the mid-rib and through the
cells, if they are not destroyed. If there
is any trace of moth in combs, they should
at once be exposed to the fumes of forma-
lin. In autumn, during the cool part of
the day, I have noticed moths trying to
gain an entrance, and being repelled by
the sentinel bees. The larvae, whenever
seen, should be killed, they will frequently

be found between the folds of the quilts,
or anywhere the bees are unable to dis-
lodge them. They are a kind of white
maggot, and according to entomologists
vary in size from 1-16 in. to the full-
grown one of IJ in. or more. There is
yet another enemy bees and the bee-keeper
have to contend with. The careless and
indifferent class of bee-keeper. To my
min4 the latter is doing more harm to
bees arid bee-keeping, than all the fore-
going put together. The worst feature
about this enemy of the craft up to
the present is that we have no machinery
in vogue to check her or his devastating
work. The vast majority of bee-keepers
in this country believe that the best
machinery to > assist us against the above
is "Government Legislation," and it is
with this object in view that we are draw-
ing up a signed petition to urge on the
Government to protect our craft. By the
way, the Secretary of the L.B.K.A. writes
me that he has only one copy of the peti-
tion, and that this is out. At this speed
of petition signing we shall travel a long
way in a long time; there seems to be
slackness somewhere. It is to be hoped that
bee-keepers will not linger in giving us
their signatures, but sign and return same
to the Secretary, that others may follow
suit. 'Can any individual bee-keeper ob-
tain a copy upon application? — P.
Lythgob, Padgate, Warrington, Lanes.

[Copies of the petition may be obtained
by applying to the Secretary, B.B.K.A.,
23, Bedford Street, W.C.2.— Eds.]

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real names
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

What's Wrong with the Graft?

[10O80] What ■ is wrong with bee-
keeping, or, rather, with bee-keepers?

When I joined the ranks, I was assured
that the company was genial, and that
bee-keepers were happy alone in helping
each other over doubts and difficulties.
That was before the war. More recent
writings of some of the bee-masters call to
mind Gilbert's " mildest mannered man
who ever cut a throat or scuttled ship."
We have had teacup storms about rival

Jan. 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

17

antiseptics, skeps, the price of bees, the
standard frame, and now legislation, the
last of which can only be settled, if we are
to take some writers seriously, by burning
the Editors on a pyre of the Journal.

What is the matter? Has a long course
of acid injections from our little six-
legged friends worked in some of our bee-
masters a change for the worse? Or is it
they have forgotten that conditions vary
. in nearly every apiary, and that no two
bee-keepers' requirements can ever be
exactly alike?

I sometimes wish the space given to un-
profitable controversies could be devoted
to extracts from the writings of those at
home and abroad who are doing real re-
search work. To put it metaphorically,
the bee-keeper who is past the text-book
stage would like more nectar and less
honey-dew. — G. B.

Gotswold Notes.

[10081] It tnay be news to those readers
with whom I had correspondence prior to
1915 to know that I have now returned to
Cheltenham on demobilisation, and in-
tend to take up bee-keeping and build up
the apiaries which were formerly devoted
to raising bees and queens on the Cots-
wold Hills.

During the period I was away my busi-
ness was completely closed down and all
operations suspended.

This fact will explain why those orders
which were sent in from time to time had
to be returned, as no bees of atij kind
were being sent out. At the same time, I
should like to express my regret for any
delay there might have been in dealing
with inquiries. The last summer and
autumn was very agreeably spent in the
vicinity of Charlerod, Belgium ; but it was
not my good fortune to see much of bee-
keeping in France and elsewhere, as appar-
ently so many have done from time to
time. The few skep apiaries I noticed in
the tiny hamlets of back areas were quite
modest, and the style of keeping did not
excite much curiosity. Nevertheless, in
some places the well-tilled and open farm
country, with all sorts of honey-producing
plants in bloom, looked very favourable
for keeping bees. Especially so, along the
valley of the Meuse, between Namur and
Liege, and I expect many little apiaries
were hidden away among the quaint ham-
lets which hereabouts are clean and in-
viting.

I remember, however, noticing more
modern hives around Cologne than else-
where.

Generally under a cover of some sort to
shield them from the bitter spring wind,
they looked well cared for. My temptation
to talk to the owners themselves was not

to be satisfied just then owing to the re-
strictions upon fraternising, so I did not
get much information of interest. And
as to honey I never remember seeing any
on sale in the shops, but perhaps some of
your readers -who were there during the
summer were more fortunate than myself.
With all good wishes for a record sear^
son in 1920. — A. JE. Bowen (late Lieut.
R.A.S.C), Cheltenham.

Labelling Honey with Country
of Origin.

[10082] The following notice appeared
in the Grocers' Gazette for November 1,
1919, which should interest all producers
of foodstuffs in the Mother Country : —
" Merchandise Marks Committee.-^-
The President of the Board of Trade
has appointed a committee to consider
— (1) whether any extension or amend-
ment of the Merchandise Marks Act is
required in respect of the provisions
relating to indications of origin ; (2) the
utility and effect of national trade
* marks ' or other similar (collective)
marks, and how far they should be
authorised or encouraged in this coun-
try ; (3) how far further international
action may be necessary for the purpose
<xf preven'ting the false marking of
goods.

" The secretai-y is Mr. M. F. Levy,
of the Industrial Property Department
of the Board of Trade, and all com-
munications on the subject of the Com-
mittee should be addressed to him, at
the Patent Office, 25, Southampton
Buildings, W.C.2."

At first glance such a notice might not
appear very important to bee-keepers, but
I should like to remind all the readers of
the Journal how we stand with regard to
competition with foreign honey (and
Colonial for that matter) now coming into
this country in huge quantities, and prac-
tically all of which is vastly inferior to
the home-produced article, a very smialJ
propojrtion being of higher grade, which
might rank with medium grade British
honey.

Now all bee-keepers are noticing that
the prices readily obtained last year are
not being maintained this season, notwith-
standing the shorter crop, generally
speaking, and the higher prices of sugar
and jam, and I think we can trace this
directly to the " dumping " on the market
of large supplies of foreign and ColoniaJ
honey. To the vast majority of the pub-
lic, "honey" is always "honey," and
they do not appear to realise (until act\i-
ally tasting side by side) the vast differ-
ences that occur in qualities of nearly
every foodstuff, occur also in honey.
What I wish to emphasise in this letter

18

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

is that all this foreign and Colonial honey
is allowed to be put on the market and
sold, in various packages, simply as
*' Honey," often mis-labelled " Finest
Quality," without so much as a hint as
to its country of origin, and also inciden-
tally, when in small packages for retail
trade, without any statement of the net
weight of contents — and I should like to
see all readers of the Journal and all
associations take up the matter of ' ' coun-
try of origin," a|king the Board of Trade
to pass regulations compelling every sales-
m,an to see that all such honey is correctly
marked with the name of the country from
whence it came; and, further, to point
out the mialpractice of packing in " nomi-
na,l "(nett weight unmarked) packages.
I have myself already written to Mr.
Levy at the address mentioned, and have
received a courteous reply, in which he
states that he will put my sugg^tion be-
fore his Committee; but the " ne;tt
weight " suggestion does not come within
their province, so he has forwarded that
suggestion to the Department of the Board
of Trade concerned. Of course the infer-
ence connected with the suggestion of
marking the country of origin on all
packages, is that many, if not most, people
will prefer to buy the home-produced
article, and upon seeing the label would
generally ask, " But have you no English
honey? " and further, if they bought the
imported stuff, knowing what it was, they
would be more likely to be critical, and
compare with English produce if thaA
could be obtained about the same date
the foreign was purchased.

In my humble opinion, we home pro-
ducers are rather slack in respect to the
labelling of our honey; and I think we
^ould take .the inftiajtive and label the
?iett weight of all packages, giving a guia-
xaptee of purity and not ^e afrain to put
our names on the label. — F. M. Clakidgb.
[Mr. Claridge's letter was placed before
the Council of the B.B.K.A. at their last
monthly meeting, as reported last week,
T^hen they unanimously decided to take
action in order to try and have all honey
iaibeHled with the country of origin. We,
and no doubt all British honey producers,
h,o]>o they will be successful. — Eds.]

Jan. 8, 1920.

Bee Legislation.

[10083] I see from The Bkitish Bre
Journal that you want bee-keepers to say
whether they want bee legislation or not.
Well, I lam one of the nets. It seems to
m© to be putting up another Government
appointment, or whatever you like to call
it; and they will all have to be paid. I
am a cottage bee-keeper, have kept beee
tor oyer 30 years, have suffered through

foul brood also " Isle of Wight " disease,
but still I don't see the use of legislation.
For many jeans I fought foul brood 'and
mastered it at last, so have not iseen it
anywhere for the last 20 years. " Isle of
Wight " disease no one seems to know
what it is, or the cure. If we have in-
spectors coming around, what about the
colonies that are in hollow trees and roofs
of buildings? If bee diseases are so infec-
tious, these would be always a menace,
and it would be impossible to deal T^ith
them. If we want a Law on bees I think
first it would be best to amend the law on
ownership of .swarms. — A. J. Brown.

[It would be an easy matter to deal with
bees in hollow trees, roofs, etc. — Eds.]

[10084] I feel douibtful of advisability
of legislation for following reasons :- —

(1) Infectious nature of " Isle of
Wight " disease not proved. I have
known one hive out of ten badly diseased,
finally perishing — ^the other nine close
around, quite unaffected — ^and the same
kind of bees. There are neighbourhoods
where few bees are kept, and in an in-
stance, where there were no bees within
a radius of three or four miles, the bees
all perished five years ago. No fresh
attempt was made till last year, yet the
plague reappeared. There are the neigh-
bourhoods where the plague (?) is un-
known.

(2) Legislation would put an end to
attempts to cure.

(3) It would add one m.ore set of highly-
paid officials, doing their work hurriedly
and isummarily.

(4) Board of Agriculture experts, with
their ultra-microscopes have failed to dis-
cover the microbe, and have no more
knowledge of the disease than the man in
the street. A cure is likely to be found
by the patience, observation, and empiri-
cal experimenting of the man who loves
his bees as by /anyone.

(5) Woul'd not local associations with
(strict bye-laws be as effective as oast-iron
legislation ?

(6) I think we want closer study and
observation and the jotting down of all
points of interest. In my case, for in-
stance, a warm, close, muggy day, in
several instances, brought out a crowd of
crawlers, as if the atmosphere of the hive
had something to do with it. — D. Davies.

[(1) The cause of leprosy is not yet
known, therefore we suppose our corre-
spondent would suggest that until the
cause is found lepers should not be treated
or segregated. It would be just as
feasible.

(2) Who said so?

(3) Ditto?

(4) How does this compare with No. 1.

Jan. 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

19

Miorosoopes evidently must not be" used
to discovex the bacteria causing tbe
disease. Theif we suggest a garden spade.

(5) This is a sugg^tion, but will our
correspondent draft the schema for carry-
ing it into effect, and how is he going to
<iompeI alj bee-keepers to join an aissocia-
tion?

(6) A oonxmon sense suggestion. — Eds.]

[10085] I am not in flavour of the ip re-
posed legislation, for the following
reasons : —

That the proposed Bill, according to
the copy before me, is in agreement with
the theory that all clever, sensible, etc.,
etc., bee-keepers belong to the B.B.K.A.,
and that their hives are free from disease.

That outside the hive I have no control
(ownership?) over my bees, nor can I
guide the flight of wasps, bumblebees —
all susceptible to disease — after they leave
my premises.

That in a badly infected district I have
kept my stocks free from disease, while
the local expert, living half a mile away,
has had to re-stock each spring since 1916,
and will have to do so again next year.

That I strongly object to the local ex-
pert, whose diploma was granted by a
more or less self-elected junta, examining
my hives, either in my absence or
presence. A few weeks ago this beauty
informed me: " Just you wait until that
Bee Bill passes, then me and a bobby will
see your stocks when we want, and may
Gawd help you." What does a Leicester
Bee-keeper say to this?

That certain men have kept bees for
30, 40 and, in one case, 54 years without
disease, or the intentional admission of
any fresh blood. The modern man yearly
purchases queens, nuclei or driven bees,
just to keep his stocks from extinction.
Why should the latter, who cannot keep
his own bees, try and rule the former,
whose only fault is that of having pre-
vented the race from extinction. — J.
Truman.

[Will OUT correspondent please read our
Editorial and other matter. A number of.
times we have clearly stated there is no
proposed Bill.']

[10086] I (have kept bees for many
years. I lost 13 hives because my neigh-
bours neglected their diseased bees.
Nevertheless, I am against legislation and
Government Inspectors. I never knew
these officiate to do .any good. Govem-
iment inspection is a .great system of
waste and corrifption. If a jgood bee-
keeper has a- careless neighbour with a
diseased hive, the former should go at
night with a rag well soaked in kerosene
O'il and stuff it into the entrance and set
fixe to it and destroy the diseased hive. If

detected, he can (apologise and explain.
But why be detected? — A. E. Statby.

[Which is the greater sin, being a
Government Inspector, or inciting to in-
cendiarism by stealth. Will our corre-
spondent undertake to pay the penalties
of all those oa-ught and convicted for fol-
lowing his advice? Also, by the way,
what did his bees die of? And did he
clear the infection? If not, why nof?
And what would he say if he found the
charred ruins of his hives on going out
one morning? Bee-keepers in his neigh-
bourhood sihould note his advice in case
they wish to celebrate the next fifth of
November. — Eds.]

[10087] Please add my name ito those
who object to Government interference
with bee-keeping. As it appears to me,
the Government has failed in everything
they have touched upon — meat, butter,
milk, cheese — and now the poor bee-keeper
is to be harassed so as to get rid of the
English honey. — Mabel Goodacre (Mrs.).

[10088] As I am a hee-keeper of many
years' standing, and a reader of The
British Bee Journal, I write to ask, if
not too late, could you send me a paper
to get signatures to the petition for
legislation to try and stamp out the
" Isle of Wight " disease? It has nearly
wiped out all the bees in this part. I
have lost all mine, but have re-stocked
eight frame hives. So far as I know,
they are all right at present, but I fear
there are a great many who have lost their
(bees ivho leave the hives out for healthy
bees to take the disease into other hives,
and so spread it. If I can be of any help
to get signatures. I think there are many
who have lost their bees who would be
pleased to sign, so that they can once more
Iseep their bees free from disease. — Chas.
Little.

[10080] Not having written for yeaiis,
possibly many have thought that the old
bee master had passed away ; but no, he
still liveth, with plenty of bees, crops of
honey, and no diseases, being so secluded
in the country, only occasionally receives
visitors, and right welcome they be too.
At your invitation, on the above subject
I beg to exude these few lines. It ap-
pears from what one reads in the columns
of the last few issues of The British
Bee Journal that we are again to have
a repetition of all the odd controversies
that have previously appeared, either pro
or con. Your space I should have thought
too valuable for such idiosyncrasies, with
practically no result, but personalities
that should be excluded. I notice you
have " hewn " Hewitt, however. Would
it not be a good idea to take a postcard

20

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1920.

vote, viz., owner, name and address,
number of stocks, for or against. Take
this as a simple basis, form a committee,
and put it in order and forward to the
proper authorities. The above, to my
mind, would be much more simple, and
certainly quicker than the present wait
land &ee tactics. No bee-keeper in this
or any other country (having visited a
few) cannot but admit that where legis-
lative laws are in force concerning bee
diseases that they have reaped great
benefits, or otherwise we should have
heard its disadvantages ere this by cer-
tain opposition that would have been
brought forward against them. Trusting
above may not be too lengthy for inser-
tion.—" The Bee Master op Warrilow."

[10090] Regarding legislation, will it
benefit the bee-keepers of this country?
That I take to be the motive the promo-
ters have in view. No doubt it would
not be necessary, if bee-keepers were bee-
keepers, in the true sense ol the word. I
will not weary you with my experience of
" Isle of Wight " disease since 1912
— during the autumn of that year I lost
the six stocks which composed my small
apiary, and have made a fresh start each
year since, with like results until 1917.
The stock I then had was also affected,
but, thanksi to Plavine, and perthaps owing
to the few bees kept in my imme-
diate neighbourhood and the consequent
absence of infected hives, they are still
going strong.

Although I have kept bees for fifteen
years, I do aiot pose as an authority either
on bees or bee diseases. I may be wrong
in thinking that my bees have been in-
fected through robbing diseased stocks;
but I have noticed that it is the strongest
stocks that are first affected, and it
generally begins after the honey flow is
over, when robbing usually commences.
If that is so, and no doubt it is at least
a contributory cause, then legislation will
be of benefit to all genuine bee-keepers,
who love those little insects, stings and
all. I notice one of your correspondents
says legislation would not be successful
owing to infected stocks living in build-
ings and trees. Now, sir, are they a
source of infection? Being a plumber by
trade, I have been asked to remove lead
from many buildings in this neighbour-
hood, when the bees have become a
nuisance to the owner or tenant, and so
far as my knowledge extends, I have never
seen any sign of disease. As a matter of
fact, there are two stocks of bees, one
beneath a load gutter, and one beneath a
slate roof, that have been there for the
past fifteen vears, and to my knowledge
have never shown any sign of disease,
altholigh the whole of the bees number-

ing many stocks kept in the gardens be-
longing to the house have been destroyed
with the "Isle of Wight" disease pesfc.
Perhaps, sir, you could enlighten me on
this subject. However, I lam prepared to
accept and work for legislation, and will
do all I can to help bring it into existence.
— William G. Wells.

[10091] Engaged as I have' been during
the autumn months inspecting apiaries in
Lancashire, I have had a good opportuity
of getting the views of bee-keepers on the
subject of legislation. I have not, in all
my experience, come across one who ob-
jected to it. All of those I spoke to were
in favour of such a measure of legislation
that would safeguard bee-keepers from
the careless bee-owners, and my opinion
is that it is long overdue,. — " Lover of
Bees."

[10092] It is quite a^ pleaisure to me to
find you such a strong champion for the
cause of legislation, and I am sure you
have the support of nearly all the bee-
keepers in this district, for the loss of bees
has convinced them of the necessity of
legislation. I have lost all my bees from
time to time, and the cause could always
be traced to their raiding diseased stocks,
or hives in which stocks had died, and had
neither been cleaned nor closed. To give
you details of my experience with bee-
keepers who have had diseased stocks and
my efforts to get hives cleaned and disin-
fected, would take up too much spiace,
but I give my address, and shall be
pleased to reply to anyone interested. —
A. W. Westrop, President, Bridgnorth
and District B.K.A., Bridgnorth.

Trade Catalogue Received.

Messrs. Pearson & Gale, Marlborough.
This catalogue is of bees and queens. A
speciality is made of queens, and guaran-
teed six-frame stocks. A special reduction
of 12^ per cent, is offered to persons
disabled on active service. The price of
the catalogue is 3d., which is refunded on
first order.

Combs from Other Hives.

IVIalaria and Bee Stings.

I think of starting to keep bees next
spring, and have been told that it would
be dangerous if my husband were stung,
as he often suffers from malaria, and that
in his condition a bee-sting would poison
him.— L. M. C. W.

We have never heard of this curions
superstition before ; for that it is purely

J&n. 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

21

a superstitious delusion we do not hesi-
tate to assure our correspondent. If she
will reflect for a moment on the fact that
in many tropical countries all the black
inhabitants suffer from malarial infection,
and that most savages are inordinately
fond of honey, which they obtain by
ravishing the wild bees' storeis, very
scantily clad and with the complete cer-
tainty of sustaining many stings, she will
see that what she has been told is hardly
consistent with the continued existence of
many large and flourishing native tribes
in Africa and elsewhere. Bee-stings are
often believed to be good for rheumatism ;
and somo eminent medical men have
evolved a theory to account for it.
Whether the fact in this matter is really
as it is alleged to be, and whether the
suggested explanation holds water, we
should not like to be too positive. — From
the Nursing Mirror.

Cruelty to Bees.

A report from Beckenham states that a
swarm of bees belonging to a local apiarist
alighted on a stake in a neighbour's
garden.

The owner obtaining permission to enter
the garden, found that the bees had been
smothered in pepper and were writhing in
agony on the ground.

The swarm was lost, and, apart from the
needless cruelty, swarming bees being
quite harmless, the food value of the lost
home was considerable. — From the Star.

Honey.

Delectable sweetness, queen of the palate ;
Essence of Nature from each bursting
flower ;
Cunningly cradled for manifold purpose,
Tenderly nurtured by sun, breeze and
shower.
{Eagerly sought for, this incomparable
nectar,
And joyously sipped at its perfumed
font;
Gratefully the bee hums thanks to its
Creator,
Who lovingly provides for every want.

With rapturous zeal, and wondrous in-
dustry.
The limpid sweet they garner in the
hive;
When tiered in waxen cells of perfect
symmetry.
To maturate with gentle heat they strive

Graded and sealed in mature condition,

Attaining that taste and aroma so rare ;

For winter's dark months, kind Nature's

provision,

Food for the harvester : the surplus

(nan's share. L. W. W.

MORE HONEY
WANTED

Reports indicate that sugar is to
be dearer and supplies shorter
than ever this year, hence the
demand for honey will no doubt
be greater, with a corresponding
increase in price.

Moreover, Httle sugar will be
allowed for bee feeding, and this
shortage must of necessity be met
by the ui?e of more honey in
feeding.

The best way to maintain or in-
crease honey production is to
have healthy bees. And to keep
your bees free from disease, their
surroundings— hives, skeps, combs,
brood - chambers, floor - boards,
drinking fountains, and all
utensils of the apiary — must be
kept in a clean and antiseptic
condition. For this purpose
' Bacterol ' has been successfully
used by many prominent bee-
keepers. It is harmless to bees
but kills disease germs. Of shght,
but pleasant, odour, non-poison-
ous and non-staining, ' Bacterol '
may be used freely and with
perfect safety.

The medication of candy and
syrup with ' Bacterol ' has done
much towards the decrease of
I O.W. disease in this country.
Bees Uke ' Bacterol,' and thrive
on it. Experts have proved its
value so you need not hesitate to
profit by their experience. To
insure against loss of bees and
increase your honey output

USE

RACTEROT '

^ FOR BEES "

To be obtained in half-pint bottles, 2/6
each, post free from E. H. Tatloe,
Welwyn, Herts; James Lee & Son, Ltd.,
George Street, Uxbridge; A. W. Gamaqe,
Ltd., Holbom, E.C.I : The British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2; or

MENLEY & JAMES, LTD.,
39, FarriDgdon Road, London, E.C.1

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1920.

Special Prepaid AdverUsements.

One Penny per W trd.

PSIVAT£ ASVERTISEMEITTS.

PURE light Cambridgeshire Honey, 14-lb. tim,
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. Una, 42s.; tins free; sample 4d.
—J. YOUNGER, 6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge.
__^ ^ r.a.5

HONEY, clover blend, highly commended
Grocers' Exhibition; 28-lb. tins, free, 49s.—
THOMAS, Causeway, Burwell, Cambs. a.6

FINEST quality light Norfolk Honey, 29. per lb.
in aa-lb. tins, carriage paid; sample 6d.—
E. W. D, MADOC, Mattishall, Dereham. a.7

THREE Wilkes' Aluminium Feeders, ^. 6d.
each; four pieces i in. plate glass, 16 in. by
15J in., suitable observation hive, 126. 6d.; four
Stocks Hybrid Italians, 1919 Queens, delivery now
or after spring examination, £4 each; 5-cwt.
Honey Cas.k, IjOs.— L., 14, Newstead Road, S.E.12.
^ a.8'

WANTED, six Lees' W.B.C. Interchangeable
Hives, four Brood Boxes, and sufficient Lifts
to each hive; must be in good condition and clear
of disease.— Details and price to H. V. BAKES,
Brandsby, Easingwold. a.9

WANTED, for scientific purposes, a few live
Bees from diseased or dwindling stocks;
cages sent and expenses paid.— SNELGROVE,
Quadrant, Weston-super-Mare. a.ll

LEGISLATION?— Levitation! Gravitational and
other Light Bending !— Personally speaking,
the last thing we take off before going to bed is
our " feet " off the floor. The tabulated reports
show 85 per cent, of bee-keepers lifting the right
foot first; 27 per cent, lift both simultaneously
(bee^keeperettes only). But whether the right
loot went before or behind everyone who men-
tioned "f^t" got a " pretty."— SMITH, Cam-
bridge. i,.l4

WANTED, Geared Extractor; good condition.—
Price and particulars to Box 57, B.B.J. Office,
23. Bedford Street, W.C.2. a.l6

7 CWTS. LIGHT CAMBRIDGESHIRE HONEY,
• £8 10s. cwt., on rail, 28-lb. tins; tins free;
sample 6d.— GEORGE BARNES, Bnrwell, Oambs.
^ a.l

THE GRAMOPHONE RECORD EXCHANGE
will exchange Records 5s. dozen; retnm
postage free.- Address, 6, Rood Lane, London.
Particulars stamp. x.28

WANTED, new Cycle Chain, 1 in. pitch by J
and 5 ft. 6 in. long, twin roller, or block.—
Price to A. J., B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, W.C.2. x.32a

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.- HERROD-HEMPSALL. as above.

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lis., post
free; one Wood Miilne Motor Foot Pump, 45s.,
carriage free; one 760 x 90 Cover, 15s., carriage
free; one small Motor Horn, 5s., post freer—
HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

CORRESPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MTSS P. E. PALING. Golden Square. Hen-
field, Sussex. rw.31

WILL all those bee-keepers possessing 25 stocks
of bees and upwards kindly send particulars
to SECRETARY, B.B.K.A., 23. Bedford Street,
Strand. London, W.C.2.P v.42

WILL all tho.«ie who arc not in favour of legis-
lation please communicate with Box 48, Bbb
JoTjENAi Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2.?

V.28

BTJSINSSS ADVERTISEMENTS,
l^d. per word.

INTENSIVE BEE-KEEPING lor Honey Pro-
duction, or Diseasifc Control," price 6d., post
paid. "Let the Bees Tell You!" price 28.. post
paid.— S. H. SMITH, 30. Miaid'e Causeway. Cam-
bridge.

HIVE MAKERS Wanted.— Apply, letters only,
stating age, experience, wages expected, to
LEE. Beehive Works, Uxbridge. Middlesex. a.l5

EES ON APPROVAL!- We guarantee our
Bees and Queens to give complete satisfac-
tion. Special terms to disal>led men. Catalogue
3d., which will be returned on first order.— PEAR-
SON & GALE, Marlborough. a.l2

QUANTITY amber-coloured Granulated Honey
in 1-lb. glass jars at 21s. dozen, l-lbs. at lis. 6d.
dozen; also in tins, 7 lbs., lis.; 14 lbs., 20s. 6d.;
and 28 lbs., 37s. 6d.; carriage paid.— Apply,
MEADOW BROS., Shirley Road. Shirley. Surrey.
, r.a.lO

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in Itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.--Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson. Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price list
for 1920 on application.— Address, E. PENNA,
Bologna, Italy. w.39

CDe memi foundation.

< Protected.)
For the benefit of readers of the JOURNAL
and the RECORD we have arranged with the
manufacturers of the Metal Foundation to
accept all orders received through our offices
at a consideration in the shape of a 25 per
\cent. deposit to begin witn, and the balance
by mid-March, or prior to delivery, if earlier.
AH orders are guaranteed by them to be
executed not later than April, 1920.
Prices :— (1) BRITISH STANDARD FRAME.
fully fitted with ** worker "
Metal Foundation : Single,
28. 4d. ; per two dozens, 2s. 3d.
each frame: per four dozens
and over, 2s. 2d. each frame.
(2) STANDARD SHEET of
" worker " Metal Foundation :
Single, 2s. ; per two dozens.
Is. lid. each sheet; per four
dozens. Is. lOd. each sheet.
Subject to a 5 per cent, discount to members of
the Apis Club.

Packing & Carriage Extra.
*jj* Since the Metal Foundation will be pro-
duced only to order, no order will be subject
to cancelling.

1920 ORDERS CAN NOW BE BOOKED FOR

SEI.BCTED 3-STANDABD PRAME

KUCItEI.

Young healthy Bees guaranteed, also plenty of
food. Nuclei to include 1920 (specially selected)
Italian Imported Queen. Limited number only for
disposal, therefore delivery must be strictly in
rotation. Price (per nuclei) £3. carriage paid.
plus 7s. 6d. for box, which is xetumable. Cash.
with order. Apply—

• G REYNOLDS.

1, The Grove, Barham, ftiiAR Canteebtjr*

BEE ri.OWER SEEDS.

Collection of six best Varieties, Is., post free.

Beautifully Illustrated Instructions Up-to-date.

Garden Guide, 64 oages, Free. ,

KNIGHT'S,

SiBED Specialists, ■ '•

Wolverhampton .,

Jan. 8, 192Q. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. 23^

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order of 10,000
begin with. No order, however, is too small and none is too
immediately given. All orders, whether large or small, will
rotation. ,

m metal
foundation

, ■ 9 (Protected.)

Earlier than our expectation, we
have pleasure in announcing that we
are noitJ booking orders for Metal
Foundation (framed and otherwise) for
the 1920 season. Special frames for its
accommodation are supplied only by
ourselves.

As the particular aluminium sheets
needed for its production have to be
specially manufactured at a notice of
no less than 3 months, bee-keepers aie
advised to give their order at once, so
that all orders may be executed before
the season begins.

The Trade is recommended to order
without delay the maximum quantity
which is needed or is likely to be
required. Judging by the numerous in-
quiries that are being received, we
respectfully suggest to every large Bee
Appliances Establishment placing an
framed sheets, to
big, provided it is
he executed in strict

RETAIL PRICES.

(I)

(2)

British Standard Frame
fully fitted with worker
Metal Foundation.

Standard Sheets of worker
Metal Foundation.

Single. ForTwoDozens.

2/4
2/.

2/3
1/11

For Four Dozens
and over.

2/2
1/10

Pec

fitted
ftame

Per

sheet.

Subject to a five per cent discount to all members of the Apis Club.
Cash with Order. Carriage forward.

To avoid disappoint-

A FINAL REMINDER!

Q ment give your order NOW.

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JAMES LEE & SON,

OXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

(Telegrams : Graphically, Uxbridge.)

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Y_v V * cicBrams : »jrapnicaiiy, \jx.uini^c) J^

§ n

24

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1920.

Dont Order "1^.5. '* Queens until you have seen the
^' Queenland" Revised List for 1920. 3idi post free

NUCLEUS STOCKS-Same Price as 1919.

The only Pedigree Bee -Stock Registered in direct line for more

than 25 years.

'' AMALGA " is the name of our Queen breeding mother for 1920
" ALTA " is the name of our Drone parent for 1920.

PRODUCE OF ONE NUCLEUS
REAIilSES OVER £40 IN CASH.
" The three-frame nucleus I purchased
from you had increaeed last autumn to
two strong stocks. I supered one on
April 23rd of this year, and the other a
few days later. I sold two swarms, and
made up the others to five stocks. Of
these I also sold three stocks. The
original lot gave 198 lbs. of honey, and
in al! I have taken 365 lbs. My sales
amounted to over £41 in actual cash."

fMlSS^ H. G. MOYSET.

Somerset, Oct. 9th, 1918.

EXCEEDS 500 PER CENT. INTEREST.

" We have now 12 stocks to winter,
besides selling one, out of the two three-
frame nuclei supplied June 20th last year."
(August 15th, 1917). Miss B. D."

Quainton, Bucks.

THREE TO SEVENTEEN.

" It may interest you to know that the
three stocks to which I introduced your
queens (the only stocks saved in the
apiarj') in 1916, produced in all 17 Btocks,
and a good surplus in honey in 1917 j this
under the care of my wife who knew
nothing about bees. I simply directed
her as to management from there
(France)." Oliver G. Pike.

April 9th, 1918.

FIRST AND BEST.

" Your White Star strain was the first
to enter the sections, and all the honey I
got was from them." G. H. S.

Heddon House Dairy.

APRIL 19th.— BOILING OVER.

*' The hive is simply boiling over with
\V. S. bees. They are at work when my
other stocks are idling, and they are
stronger than any of my other stocks."

Aberdare, Wales. E. T. W.

ARE THE W.S. PROLIFIC?

" In 1904 I got a W.S. queen from you,
and last year Q905) by the first week in
June she had brood in twcnty-fii'e stan-
dard frames." J. H.

Higher Kinnerton, Chester.

Q

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NUCLEUS DELIVERED IN JUNE;
40 FRAMES BY AUGUST.

" The three-frame nucleus of bees now
occupy 40 Standard Frames. They have
exceeded beyond anything I believed pos-
sible. I have never had anything like
them before, and if the other queens on
order turn out the same I consider my
fortune made." John Jones.

Llancarfan.. Aug. 21st, 1918.

SEVERAL STOCKS FROM ONE

NUCLEUS.
" It seems almost ridiculous that this
nucleufl of the previous season (Aug.),
before I was prepared for it, swarmed in
April, and I now have several stocks from
that investment." J. W. McELiT.

Croydon.

EIGHT STOCKS FROM ONE W.S.

NUCLEUS.
" I now have eight stocks from the one
nucleos you supplied last year."

J. JomES.
Llancarfan, May, 1919.

BEST IN THE COUNTY— NEVER
SAW THE LIKE !
" May 26th. — The two queens you sent
me have exceeded anything that I ever
thought of. The stock chambers are full
and crammed with brood, and all three
supers crowded with bees ; but even with
this iJie bees are boiling over. I have not
fed them at all, and have removed several
frames of brood for another lot The
County Expert called yesterday, and said
he had never seen such bees, and they
were certainly the best in Hampshire."
D. P. P.

NO SPRING-FEEDING, BUT AGAIN
FIRST.
" The W.S. bees on eleven 16 x 10
framed were full and boiling over at the
middle of May, and were the first to enter
super."* out of 23 stocks ; and last, but not
least, they required no spring feeding/'

Arnold, Notts.

Revised 1920 "White Star" List, 3^d., of 8. SIMMINS, Queenland, Heathfield, Sussex.

Jan. 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

A. large quantity for Sale at carriage paid prices,
either Plain or Glazed
IRISH RUN HONEY.
Sereral cwts. for Sale in quantities to suit cus-
tomers, at cariiage paid prices in free tins and
cases.
GORDON ROWE,
Honey and Beeswax Packer,
28a, Moy Road, Cardiff.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' AssociatioB*

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keepin? in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member*
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W. HERROD-HEMPSAI.I.. 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, Iiondon, W.C.2.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

! Newspaper.
Get a Copy— 'Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
'Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free rom —

WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

A Modern Bee Parm

Bee-keeping (Dr. E. F. Phillips)
B££-K££PING SIIVtPI.iriED

FOa THE COTTAGER AND

SMALIiHOI.DER (W. Hkrrod-

HSMPSALL, F.E.S.)

BEE-KEEPERS' PRACTICAIi

NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)
BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)
(paper covers only)
Dlssectible Slodel ot Queen

Bee

PERTII.ISATION OP PRtJIT

BI.0S60MS BY BEES (T. W.

Oowah)

Honey and Health (A. Hops) ...
Honey Vinegar (Riv. G. BiNOU)
How to Keep Bees (Ammi B.

Cohsiock)

PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JVHQ-

ING BEE PRODUCE <Vr.

Hibrod-Hbmpsau., F.B.S.)
Qneen Rearing In England

(F. W. L. Sladiw)

Snelgrove's Method of Se-

Qneening

The " Townsend " Bae Book ...
WAX CRAPT (T. W. Cowak)...
Wllke's Book on Swarming ...

BCISCEI1I.ANEOUB
Maeterlinck's Iilfe of the Bee
The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNKE EdWARDES)

The Humble Bee <F W. L.
Sladbn)

7/6
10/6

PO0t«««

... 6d.
... 6d.

-/3 .

. Id.

76 .

. 1*.

■/a .

. 14.

1/-
1/-
a/e

4>/6

5/-

a/-

1/6

-/e
a/6
a/.
1/-

' 3/6

a/-

ia/6

1^4.

ii4.

34.

3d.

34.

aft4.

I«4.

3d.

ad.

. 64.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

23, Bedfobd Street. Strand, London, W.c.2.

- - THE - -

BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

ESTABLISHED 1873.

THE NEW VOLUME COMMENCED JANUARY 1st.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL la supplied direct from the Office every week, post free
for One Year, 10%. lOd. ; Half Tear, 53. 5d. ; Three Months, 2s. 9d. (payable in advance).
Posted on Wednesday evening in time for delivery on Thursday,

Money Orders and Cheques should be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsalland crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank."

SUBSCI^IP'TION^ FORM.

(To be filled up by intending Subscribers, cut out, and returned to the Office.)

Pl»ate send me " The British Bee Jouenal " /»«•.

Commeneing 192

, for which I enelo$e

*Name.

DaU.

Address-

•Please itate whether Mr., Mrs., or Miss, etc.

It will eonsiderably Jucditate our pjtblishing arrangements if subscriptions are dated from the bectinning oj
each year; the vropnetor vAll therefore be obliged if subscribers will fill up and return the above form as early
aa possible.

COVERS FOR BINDING
'^BRITISH BEE JOURNAL" or "BEE-KEEPERS' RECORD," 1/8 post free.

British Bee Journal Office, 23 Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C.2

IV

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 8, 1320.

QUALITY.

The difference between a gfood bargain and a bad bargain
is not so much a matter of money as of quality.

All our goods have the "Hallmark of Quality" resulting in a large
clientele of SATISFIED customers. Does this mean anything to
you ? If so, send for our large Illustrated Catalogue for 1920,

free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,
Bee Appliance Works, WORMIT, FIFE, SCOTLAND.

THE UXBRIDGE W.B.C. HIVE.

We originally introduced this type of
W.B.C. Hive over twenty years ago,
and offered it for several years as
" Lee's Waterproof Cover." Bee-
keepers of those days did not care for
it. Hence it was withdrawn from our
list. We now offer it as illustrated.
Lifts and covers are square and
dovetailed.

Price, including stock box, ten
frames with ends and dummy, two
shallow frame boxes with eight frames
in each, 48/6. We will also supply
this hive without inside fittings, to
enable beekeepers to transfer existing
stocks to the new covers, for 80/-.
Carriage paid, 2/6 extra.

PROMPT DELIVERY,

JAMES LEE &• SOM, LTD.,

UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

The Kent Standard Model Hives & Appliances

TE&TIMONIAL. May 12.

Dear Sir, — I have had an opportunity of comparing the material and workmanship
of your hives with others on the market, and in my opinion there is no sort of comparison
between the two, yours being altogether superior in every particular. — Yours faithfully,

5. /■ BALDWIN. Stanley Road, Bromley, Kent.

BUHTT, Gloucester, "",^mis.

Neb) Illustrated Catalogue Free on application.

*aiii«D Bv TBI AvBNDK Pee88 (L. Upcott Oill 4 SoN, Ltd) 65-57, Drdbv LiNi. London, W.C. *■»

PUBUSHIO VOE THB PkOPRIETOB (W. HERROD- HeMPBALL), BV SiHPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON,

Ebni & Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, Paibenoster Row. E.C.

BRitisa Bee Jodenai- and Bbb-kibpees' Advisee, January 15, 1920.

41920

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I1Cow&ilTL-Sl|
Icuad J-HcTTod— •
HcmipwaJLFES

& JBcc-inccpcrs
Adviser.

cCV^^ekhr Journal Devoted to
the Interests o]

Bee~ Keepers.

ISZXM*

No. 1960. Vol. XLVIII

JANUARY 15, 1920. IPuUished every Thursday, Price SO.

coBrrrBxws.

PAGE

OBiTCAEy Notice 25

Larvae op Dragon Fly 25

A Dorset Tarn 25

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 26

Wintering Two Queens in One Hive 27

Barnstaple and District : Proposed B.K.A. . . 28

Blvthe Bridge Local B.K.A 28

Cornwall Bee-keepers' Association 29

Monmouthshire B.K.A 30

Trino B.K.A 30

Northumberland B.K.A 30

^rrespondence —

"Isle of Wight" Disease. Where are We? 30

Letter from a "Demobbed" Soldier 31

How I Commenced Bee-keeping 31

Re Notes on Bee Dysentery 32

Bee Legislation §

Remedy for Ants 33

Utilising Partly-built Sections 35

Notices to Correspondents 35

DO NOT LET YOUR BEES STARVE.

Use Taylor's Soft Candy

1-lb. 1/6, post free ; 6-lbs. 6/-, post free ;
12-lbs. 10/6 (11/6 carriage paid, 12/- post free.)

SYRUP-7-lbs. 7/6 ; 14 lbs. 10/6; 28 lbs. 20/ SUGAR VOUCHER murtlU

sent with order.

BEESWAX BOUGHT,

2/- lb. Cash, or 2/1 lb. allowed if taken out in goods.

Also Cleaned and Sterilised and made into Foundation.

No. 77. Compressed
NAPHTHAFORMA TABLETS,

The Germ-killing Remedy for Foul Brood
1/9 Bottle, Post Free.

TAYLOR'S NEW REGISTERED
ZINC EXCLUDER

giving 50% freer access to supers

i6 X i6 squares 3/-, post 6d.
8-ft sheeis 15/-, post i/-.

BACTEROL & YADIL,

For "Isle of Wight" Disease,

Bacterol, 2/6 per bottle, post 6d.
Yadil, 3/6 per bottle, post 6d.

Syrup should be fed medicated with above in

Taylor's Registered Feeder,

Specially designed for above cures,

Post free, 3/10

or Bottle of Bacterol and Feeder, 6/- post free

TAYLOR'S No. 12 HIVE, Dovetailed, at 29/- Carriage Paid. In the Hat, 28/-

BEST VALUE IN HIVES EVER OFFERED.
NEW CATALOGVi: FOR. 1919 POST FREE.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

THB BRITISH BEE JOtJftNAL. Jan. 15, 1920.

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Cbe metal
foundation

(Protected.)

C The triumph of the metal fOUnda=

tion is due to the following significant
advantages : — (1) Indefinite durability
with reasonable care ; (2) Greater safety
of bees in transit on new combs ; (3)
Capability of bearing the weight of
a heavy swarm in hot weather; (4)
Greater comb stability in quick extract-
ing ; (5) Control of drone cells ; (6) The
production of even comibs ; (7) Easy re-
moval of queen cells without the
slightest injury to the foundation ; (8)
Cleanliness and adaptability to sterili-
sation by boiling ; (9) Economy of
labour and time in fitting and detach-
ing; (10) An ideal compromise between
the metal comb and the wax founda-
tion.

€L, The invention has created a world-
wide interest. Its value will be the
more appreciated by studying the fol-
Ibwing original literature: — "The British Bee Journal," November 13; "Bee Craft,"
December; and "The Bee World," September, October, and November, 1919.

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RETAIL PRICES.

C The metal foundation ("worker" type) can now be produced in any size required,
whether for the brood chamber or the super, e.g., for the British Standard Frame
(14 in. X 8Y2 in.). Deep Standard (14 in. x 12 in.), Simmins' (16 in. x 10 in.), Lang-
stroth (175^ in. x 9Yq in.), etc., and for their corresponding super frames. Despite
the heavy cost of machinery, metal, etc., it is offered at a price lOell within the pur-
chasing power of the average bee-lzeeper. All orders, whether large or small, receive
prompt attention, and are executed in strict rotation, and in good time jor the season.
We have further decided — for the benefit of bee-keepers who are not yet in a position
t-j place their orders — on taking the risk of a liberal margin of production to meet
unavoidably delayed orders, Ij you have not yet made up your mind as to your
requirement, you are still in time to do so.

tU Uxbridge m.B.€. Iiivc

C This popular hive, which we originally introduced over twenty years ago, is admir-
able for its water-proof features, since it eliminates the plinth. It stands supreme
amongst all W.B.C. patterns. You will never regret trying it with your metal
foundation.

,>*# We allow a Five per cent, discount on aH our goods (including the Metal Founda-
tion) to members of the Apis Club, who are respectfully requested to forward their
membership cards when placing orders.

A FINAL REMINDER! To avoid disappointment apply now for the Metal Founda-
tion Price List, and for our 1920 Catalogue.

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i JAMES LEE & son; I

g UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX. g

W (Telegrams: Graphically, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) ^^

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Jan. 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

25

Obituary Notice.

We regret to. announce the death of Mr,
J. Smallwood at the Cottage Hospital,
Hendon. Mr. Smallwood had an opera-
tion several weeks ago, and though it was
successful and he appeared to be going on
all right for a time, he was unable to gain
strength, and passed peacefully away on
Wednesday, January 7. We hope to give
further particulars of Mr. Smallwood' s
career in our next issue.

Larvae of Dragon Fly.

One of our readers is anxious to secure
some larvfe of the dragon fly, preferably
from Wales, where he is told they are very
beautiful. No particular variety is men*
tioned. We shall be pleased to hear from
anyone Mio can supply some.

A Dorset Yarn.

The last flower in the old and the first
in the new year on which bees were seen
on our farm was the Christmas rose. Very
pretty they look just now, and close to
the hives, so whenever the weather is
warm for an hour the bees have only to
fly over the wall and revel in the wealth
of pollen that is to be found in these white
blossoms. These are like the large flowers
in St. John's wort, producing an abund-
ance of male organs. Nature seems to be
very lavish of pollen organs in some units
of the floral kingdom ; this is one of them.
Bees seem to know the flowers that have
these polliniferous parts. I presume this
is why they like all single flowers in pre-
ference to double ones. All young scholars
know that double flowers have the male,
or pollen, parts of these perfect flowers
converted into extra petals ; most botanists
consider the double flowers only monstrosi-
ties, the single the only perfect ones.
Bees are rarely seen in summer on double
roses, but on the beautiful single varieties
in great numbers. So with the Christ-
mas rose (which does not belong to
the rose family at all), a large

single flower, with abundance of pollen,
is one that bees visit in great
numbers. These plants will always be
dear, as they do not grow everywhere
well ; there seems to be something special
in the soil that they must have. A very
small piece dibbled in the soil in March
will carry 20 to 30 flowers the third and
fourth year. Even the first year after
planting they will bloom ; they will bloom
on for 20 years. In 10 years they will be
2 ft. across, with 50 to 100 flowers, from
Christmas to end of March. Bee-keepers
who plant them for their bees must try
them in dift'erent positions, as they seem
to do better in some places than others.
Never be weary of trying them, as they
are worth doing well for the bees. On our
farm they seem to do well everywhere ; it
is only to dibble in a small piece, and it
soon does well.

This changeable weather is not so well
for the bees, though I like to see them
out and about. The rise from 10 deg. of
frost and north winds, to 48 deg. and
south-west winds, soft and moist, then
the sun bright for an hour or two, brought
bees out of every hive. They will soon
begin breeding when they can get pollen ;
it is early for them to keep up the heat
for the young brood, as we shall have
some cold weather yet. When writing
this (early Sunday morning) it is blowing
a gale from the S.W., and rain in abund-
ance, so we slvill not see them to-day.

It is up to us to try the aluminium '
combs this next season, as it is being
written up by the bee press of America.
Some of our British bee-keepers are writ-
ing of its good qualities. They would not
praise it only because they are agents to
sell, because they have their own good
name to keep up, or our bee fraternity
would not deal with them again. They
must, of course, be expensive to begin
with. We shall always value more what
costs us more ; at least, that is as I have
found it through life. If this saves so
much honey that would have to be con-
sumed to build the combs we shall soon be
the gainers, especially now honey is 2s. 6d.
wholesale.

Mr. Rosser, one of our soldier bee-
keepers, of Queensland, writes me that he
is home on his farm again. He made a
tour of the South and West of England
after finishing in France. He spent some
months in America before going back. He
finds 70 stocks to his credit, which he left
in charge of a lady when he left to follow
the flag and the lure of the army for
the motherland. I hope he will write the
Journal, and keep us posted up with the
honey harvests of Queensland. He was at
the last annual meeting of the B.B.K.A.
nt the Central Hall, Westminster.— J. J,
Kettle.

26

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 15, 1920.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Bobby was a pony, a dapple-grey gee
owned by two single ladies. They were
not old maids, for they were open and
free and lovable. In fact, most people in
the village would do anything for either
of them for the sheer joy of receiving
their genuine thanks, with sweet, honest
smiles. Withal, Cupid did not come their
way, and, being of loving dispositions and
fond of animals, small wonder that Bobby
came in for an unusual amount of affec-
tion. The elder sister performed the
duties of groom and gardener, the younger
the household duties, with bee-keeping as
a hobby. The oats that Bobby was allowed
would have made many a Shire horse
frisky; small wonder that when Bobby
took his mistresses for a drive he covered
the ground at a great pace. His speed,
with his reliability (he was never known to
shy), brought him many admirers, and
would-be buyers offered large sums in
their vain endeavours to purchase himi.
This popularity made Bobby all the dearer
to his owners, and much fussing and pet-
ting went on. When the elder sister went
to groom him each morning, Bobby was
released from his stall in order to go and
put his head through the opened kitchen
window for a lump of sugar or a crust of
bread, and even (don't tell the Food Con-
troller) a piece of cake. One day Bobby
found the kitchen window closed; a sash-
"Jrd had broken and let it down. Not to
,e done, he found his way to the door,
vhich, being opened, he entered, and
standing in the hall neighed for his tit-
bit. This deed of Bobby's was taken as a
sign of superior wisdom, and so he became
a more cherished pet than ever, and every
visitor to The Hollies was invited to see
Bobby pay his morning call. It came to
pass one day that the younger sister fell
sick; a bad attack of the " flu " laid her
low for some weeks. When the disease
had left her, she was so weak that the
doctor ordered a month's change, and so
it came about that arrangements were
made for the two sisters to go for four
weeks to the sea. What could be done
with Bobby? It was July, so they looked
around for a small field wherein their pet
pony might graze away to hie heart's con-
tent during his mistresses' absence. A
field was offered quite near home. A local
farmer had a small paddock of 2^ acres,
which he offered to let for the month.
'* It's a grand bit of pasture, miss, and a
stream runs along the bottom ; and if that
do run dry, as it does betimes in the sum-
imer, there's a good pond which I've 'eeard
saj' old monks made long whiles back,
when an abbey were 'ere. The pond never
is dry, miss; you see, miss, they believed
in making 'em deep in those days."

It was therefore arranged that Bobby
spend a month in this field. The first day
he was turned into it he kicked up his
heels and galloped around, and showed by
other manifest signs that he was delighted
to have such a place to romp and graze in.
His mistresses, seeing this, went away
happy in the thought that Bobby would
be as happy as they.

Now, it happened that, growing near
the edge of the field was an ash-tree,
hollow with years. Near the top was a
hole some 3 ins. in diameter, from which
could be seen issuing forth some very busy
bees. A swarm from one of the younger
Miss H.'s hives had taken possession some
two months previously, and by this time
were fairly well established. The first
week passed pleasantly for Bobby, for the
grass was luscious, the weather warm, with
a nice sprinkling of showers and plenty of
shade. Towards the middle of the second
week, however, Bobby was beginning to
feel the effects of grazing out. Itching
in the region of the shoulders, he sought
a convenient object against which he might
rub himself with some vigour. He
selected the old ash- tree. As he rubbed
. away, the tree began to shake; a creak,
and Bobbie shot off at a gallop; a crack,
and it fell crash, just as Bobbie had
rushed once round the field. The bees
within the tree came out, anger buzzing in
their wings, to look for the cause of their
violent disturbance. Unfortunately, they
considered Bobby to be the transgressor,
and so a large number attacked' him, and
to some purpose, as he was seen to rear,
then fall down and roll. This crushed
several bees, and thus those living became
the angrier. Bobby was smothered with
furious bees, many succeeding in getting
their stings home. Poor gee, he danced,
rushed and groaned, and as the pain in-
creased went mad. Eushing about hither
and thither, he made for the pond, and
with a mighty plunge jumped right into
the middle. A shepherd, witnessing this,
raised an alarm, and as quickly as pos-
sible got assistance and ropes, but reached
the pond too late. Bobby was dead. Me-
thinks he did not wish to live, for there
were no signs of any attempts to scramible
to the banks and so save himself. Near
that pond is now a mound; not infre-
quently two maidens are seen standing
near with saddened faces; sometimes a
stray tear has to be wiped from an eye.
They have another pony ; she is a happy,
sprightly mare, but in the corner of those
good ladies' hearts there will always be a
place for their faithful Bobby. As for the
bees, they forsook their shattered home,
and their nectar was taken by robber bees,
and wasps.

I have tried to relate the above as
heard it. W© say such pleasant things of!

Jan. 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

27

Bees that it's just as well that one should
hear something not so pleasant con-
cerning them ; but, after all, in sacrificing
their lives — every bee that loses its sting
sacrifices its life— they do so to protect
their unborn progeny and their queen.

It will be worth while for those who
have old trees wherein bees have made
their home to examine such trees occa-
sionelly, if they are where stock can reach
them, lest other hearts be made sad by
the loss of a choice or favourite beast. —
E. F. Hemming.

Wintering Two Queens in
One Hive.

The method of wintering described
below is novel, so far as I am concerned,
and is in the nature of an experiment,
but with promise of great success. Mr.
F. W. L. Sladen has wintered two queens
in one hive in Canada. He arranged his
stocks in a different way, but I am in-
debted to him for the encouragement his
experiment gave. I packed up two queens
in one hive last winter on a different
principle, but with no practical results,
for both were swept under by disease.

The stocks are placed on ten frames of
comb each, five over five, side by side, in
two brood chambers, one on the top of
the other, with close fitting division
boards separating the stocks. The brood
chambers are placed on the top of a shal-
low super, also with a division board
closely fitted down on the floor board, so
that there is no communication whatever
down to the entrance. This has the
double advantage of giving room when
crowding the bees when packing up for
winter, and good clearance under the
cluster during winter. The bees are
allowed to fly from opposite sides of the
alighting board.

There are one or two points to be con-
sidered when placing the stocks in posi-
tion. After putting the two hives side
by a side for at least a week before unit-
ing in one hive, the bees should be made
to fly from the same position on their own
alighting board as they will respectively
use in the united hive, so that they become
thoroughly accustomed to the position of
the entrance.

When ready, the prepared floor board
is placed in the position of one or other
hive, and the bees from it are crowded
on to five combs that contain all the
brood, and that are best filled with stores.
These are pushed to that side of the brood
chamber where their entrance is, and a
division board put in. The other five
oombs, for the most part filled with stores,
are placed in £^nother brood chamber, and

another division board put in. After this
lot has settled down the same treatment is
applied 'to the other stock. This can be
done without uncovering the first stock
treated. This time, of course, the combs
have to be taken out and placed by the
side of the first stock. Subsequently the
other brood chamber, now filled with ten
combs containing most of the stores, is
placed on the top, and the operation is
complete. In short, we have left the brood
nest intact below in each case, and placed
the stores overhead.

I find that it is best to keep the
entrances separated by a pronounced
division on the alighting board. On No-
vember 23, when my bees were flying
freely after nearly a month of confine-
melit, they got rather mixed, and there
was some slight amount of fighting. It
was at the same time evident that this
was much less than it would ordinarily
have been had the bees entered the wrong
hive. During that month I had removed
the division that I had originally made
on the alighting board.

This method of wintering has obvious
advantages. There will be greater warmth
from two stocks than from one. In the
hard weather I found them clustered close
on each side of the division board, where,
of course, they could feel each other's
heat. There will be less consumption of
stores. All the stores are overhead, as
they should be, and the bees therefore
need not move laterally, even if the
stocks are large. If it be objected that
the extra space overhead will make the
brood chamber colder, I may say I think
the stock over the wall will more than
compensate for this. Moreover, there is
little or no heat anywhere outside the
cluster in winter. The bees will reach the
top of the hive in early spring, when
breeding is under way and they want the
most heat, and we will probably have
crowded them automatically on to as many
combs as they can cover. If not, as they
will be clustering close to the division
board, it will be easy to remove an outer
comb and contract the brood nest. Then
again, according to Mr. Atkinson, of
Fakenham, who winters two stocks in
separate brood chambers in his attractive
" Double-Six," the bees commence breed-
ing earlier. Small colonies would be more
safely wintered, three in a ten-frame
brood chamber could easily be done. And
last, but not least, only half the number
of hives are exposed to winter weather,
and there is more opportunity for paint-
ing and renairs.

I may add that for those who work on
the principle of " doubling and uniting "
this makes the management simplicity
itself. Biit of this I may perhaps writ?
later. — C. S. Morris.

28

THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAL.

Jan. 15, 1920.

Barnstaple & District (Proposed)
Bee-Keepers' Association.

All bee-keepers in Nortli. Devon should
try to be present at the meeting to be
held 'at the Y.M.C.A., High Street,
Biarnstaple, on Tuesday, 27th ^ inst., at
3 o'clock, to pass rules and elect officers,
etc.

Blythe Bridge Local Bee-Keepers'
Association.

A important meeting of bee-keepers was
held on Monday, December 15, 1919, in
the Forsbrook Church Schools, amongst
whom were present : Messrs. W. Higgins,
N, Tompkimson, F. Devereux, J. Keene,
T. Bourne, W. Hampson, V. Bowden, .V.
Pickering, and Bertram T. Abell (Dis-
trict representative). Mr. W. Hampson
was the chairman. Three schemes were
brought forward for discussion, viz., " A
scheme for instruction to beginners," "A
re-stocking scheme," and la " Co-operation
scheme."

The programme for the scheme for in-
struction to beginners was as follows : —

Ist Year. — Approximately six beginners
who are members of the local bee-keepers'
association subscribe 10s. each. With the
money a nucleus is purchased by the local
committee in spring, 1920, and placed in
a borrowed W.B.C. postern liive in some
central place (school garden). M stated
times the six beginners .and am instructor
choSen by the committee meet at the hive,
examine, and carry out necessary opera-
tions to build up into a stock, instructor
to give impromptu lessons and lectures as
occasion arises. If conditions are favour-
able the hive will be supered, and any
honey obtained divided amongst the six
beginners, after provision 'for winter feed-
ing. The local secretary (Mr. Bertram
T. Abell) to approach the Education Com-
mittee as to facilities during winter, 1920,
for classes, or assistance in ^forming
classes, for woodwork in connection with
bee-keeping, i.e., making hives, nucleus
boxes, frames, etc., and appliances, the
local association providing material, the
instructor, and lecturers, if necessary.

2nd Year. — During the ispring and early
summer, 1921, nuclei to be formed, as
many as conditions permit, and to be
drawn for as they are foi-med by the six
novices, until each one has a micleus.

The first year's work provides the
beginner with a chance <yi thoroughly
understanding tlie working of a hive, and
a chanc;p to recoup part of his subscription
in the form of honey. Possibly the second
part of the first year will provide a second
hobby for the winter, and a cliance to make
a hive cheaply. The second and following
years offer a chance to begin lan apiary.

The dass of beginners should be limited
to six, and should more desire instruction,
a separate class under a separate instruc-
tor should be formed. During the third
year, either the six or the whole local
association to purchase extractor and
ripeners, and members (or the six, as the
ca.se may be) to draw for the dates on
which they miay use the same. Such appli-
ances to be returned by users in as clean
a condition as possible.

Suggestions : —

1. Members putting in most attendances
at demonstrations to have the first nucleus.

2. The stock to become the property of
the local association when last nucleus is
given, and such stock or istocks to form
apiary under control of local committee
for purpose of : —

(a) Demonstrations land lectures.

(b) Funds for local association.

(c) Re-stocking or re-queening for
members at a moderate charge.

(d) Not to provide instruction for later

The next scheme, the re-stocking scheme,
wias brought forward. Owing to the losses
brought about by the "Isle of Wight"
disease, and also through lack of atten-
tion brought about by a large number of
bee-keiepers serving in the Army and Navy
during the war, it wias suggested that
arrangements be made for a re-stocking
scheme to assist those wh.o desire to re-
stock their aipiary at a minimum coist with
bees that are largely immune from disease.
The objects of the scheme are : —

1. To supply subscribing members with
bees as cheaply and as quickly as possible.

2. To miaintain and to increase active
interest in the bee-keeping world.

3. To give lectures and demonstrations
in practical and theoretical bee-ke<^ping.

4. To bring together bee-keepers with a
view of forming a third scheme, known as
a "Co-operation wheme.'' which will
enable them to purcliase their appliances
at a reduced rate.

5. To attain these objects, it is sug-
gested that an apiary be eistahlished in a
central position and to be devoted entirely
to the production of bees in the form of
nuclei. These n.ucilei will eacli consist of
four corabs, with bees, brood, and stores,
headed bv a fertile quc^en.

f). Bee-keepers who are desirous ol avail-
ing themselves, of the benefits of this
scheme are invited to apply fo.r phares,
value 10s. eiach, payable on application.

7. The capital raised bv the issue of
these shares will be devoted entirelv to the
establishment and working of th'e^ re-
stocking apiary or apiaries. The distri-
bution of the nuclei will commence as
early as possible in the season (as soon as
the young gueoois are safely mated and

Jan. 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JDURNAL.

29

laying), so as to enable recipients to build
tbem up in time to take adviantage of a
possible late boney flow. Memibers putting
in most attendances at demonstrations to
have tlie first nuclei.

A co-operation scheme was discussed witli
a view to enabling the bee-keepers of the
local association purchasing their appli-
ances at a reduced rate by placing thedr
orders with a firm of bee-keeping appli-
ance manufacturers (in a quantity) at the
beginning of the season, and do away with
the agent's profits.

After these schemes had been thoroughly
disousfsed, a large number of members
decided to take up shares with a view of
their participating in them.

The local expert, Mr. Abell, was asked
to write for several quotations for Dutch
bees and Italian queens, etc.

A vote of thanks to the chairman con-
cluded the meeting.

This local association is worked under
the auspices of the Staffordshire Bee-
keepers' Association, and meets at least
once a month to discuss various items that
may arise. — Communicated.

Cornwall Bee-Keepers' Association.

Annual Meeting.

The first annual meeting of Cornwall
Bee-keepers' Association was held at
Truro. In the absence of the President
of the Association," Sir Arthur May,
K.C.B., the meeting was presided over by
Mr. Wilson L. Fox, of Carmine, Fal-
' mouth, who stated that the Association
had made splendid progress, which re-
flected great credit on the officers re-
sponsible.

The Hon. Secretary (Mr. W. E. Bunny)
reported that in Cornwall in recent years
the bee-keeping industry had shown
ominous signs of decay, on account of the
ravages of disease, more particularly of
the " Isle of Wight " disease. An oppor-
tunity to reconstruct the industry arose
in February last at a conference of bee-
keepers, when a Provisional Committee
decided to form a County Association ; to
this Association the Cornwall Agricultural
Executive Committee subsequently handed
over the working of the Government re-
stocking scheme. During the year 11
stocks of foreign bees had arrived and 34
nuclei had been distributed. It had not
been possible to supply all nuclei ordered,
on account of the necessity of replacing
the first Italian queens forwarded by the
Government. The thanks of the Council
were due to Messrs. Williams and Best,
the officers in charge of the restocking
apiaries ; at a very considerable expense
of time and labour they had developed the
scheme, and the Government expert, Mr.

W. Herrod-Hempsall, was well pleased
with the success attained.

A register of Cornish bee-keepers had
been compiled. In the face of the ravages
of disease the formation was rendered
difficult in several districts, some of the
most influential bee-keepers having lost
the whole of their stocks. It had now
spread over nearly the whole of the county
— in some areas not a honey bee having
been seen for years. Stocks in wooden hives
looked after by experienced men, and
those kept in skeps on the " let alone "
principle had all suffered alike. Happily,
so far, all reports of hybrid nuclei sent
out by the restocking apiaries stated that
they had been free from disease, and were
establishing their reputation of being far
more nearly immune than the black bees.
Numerous remedies and so-called " cer-
tain " cures had been tried, but although
temporary relief had been noticed, there
was no evidence of permanent cure. The
Board of Agricultjare was still investigat-
ing the cause, prevention and cure, and
it was hoped that success would soon
crown its efforts. Cornwall had done
pioneer work in trying to stamp out the
disease ; bills had been posted throughout
the county and advice given as to disin-
fecting dirty hives, and information asked
for concerning careless bee-keepers.

The season had been a very bad one for
the production of honey, there having
been, during the white clover season,
almost a total absence of rain, and conse-
quently of nectar. Prices obtained for
honey were naturally very high, but even
then the demand had been much greater
than the supply, so a 1920 market was
practically certain. During the year no
financial provision had been made by the
County Council for instruction in bee-
keeping, and no expert had been em-
ployed. The matter of employment of an
expert for the coming season was under
consideration. It was intended to issue
honey labels for the use of members during
1920, also to institute a scheme of co-
operative buying and use of Association
appliances. The county had been divided
into districts on the basis of the education
areas, and local branches had been formed
at Penzance, Helston, Camborne, Black-
water, Truro, Falmouth, St. Austell, Bod-
min, Bude. Launceston and Saltash.

It was decided to support the demand
for legislation providing for compulsory
powers for dealing with diseases of bees,
for which the British Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation had been fighting for years.

Col. Sir Courtney Vyvyan, C.B., con-
sented to become president for 1920 ; Mr.
A. F. Knight was elected hon. secretary
of the restocking scheme, and Mr. W. E.
Bunney was re-elected hon. secretary of
the Association. ^.

30

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 15, 1920.

Monmouthshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The annual general meeting of the
above will be held in the Town Hall,
Newport, at 2.15 on Saturday, February 7.
At 4.30 a lecture will be given by Mr.
W. Herrod-Hempsall. At 6.30 the' first
annual dinner will be held at the King's
Head Hotel, Newport, tickets 10s. 6d.
each — morning dress. Light tea will be
provided by a ladies' committee between
the meeting and the lecture, during
which interval an organ recital will be
given. All bee-keepers and any others
interested are invited to the meeting.
The lecture will be a public one — admis-
sion one shilling. All bee-keepers and
their friends can attend the dinner. The
subject of the lecture will be announced
shortly.

A resolution urging the Government to
introduce legislation to protect the bee-
keeping industry was passed unanimously
at the general meeting held on February 8,
1919.. A similar resolution was passed
at- a recent committee meeting, and will
again be proposed at the general meeting
on February 7 next.

Tring.

On December 9, at the Victoria Hall,
Tring, under the auspices of the Herts
County Council (in conjunction with the
Herts County Bee-keepers' Association),
a lecture on bee-keeping was given by
W. Herro- -Hemipsall, Esq. Capt. G. M.
Brown presided.

After the lecture Mr. P. E. Wagstaff,
Secretary of the County Association,
addressed the meeting on the question of
forming a local Branch.

Mr. J. Clark, of Park Hill, was elected
president and Mr. F. Bull was appointed
secretary, and a committee was formed.
Will local bee-keepers wishing to become
members please communicate with Mr, F.
Bull, Beaconsfield Road, Tring, as soon as
possible?

Northumberland Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Annual Meeting at Moepeth.

The Northumberland Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation held their annual meeting at Mor-
peth on Saturday, January 3, Mr.
G. G. Baker Cressiwell presiding. It was
reported that the condition of the Asso-
ciation had decidedly improved, thanks to
the revived interest taken in the craft.
The Government re-stocking scheme, in
spite of difficulties, had been a success.

During the season many good " takes "
had been reported, the only bad report
coming from the Chathill district. The
most hopeful sign of future prosperity

was the diminution of disease. " Isle of
Wight ' ' disease seemed to be less viru-
lent than formerly, and no reports of
wbolesiale devastation of individual
apiaries, let alone districts, had been
received.

It was decided to engage an expert to
take charge of the re-stocking scheme.
The Duke of Northumberland was elected
president; Major F. Sitwell, secretaiy;
Mr. W." Smart, treasurer ; and Mr. G. G.
Baker Cresswell, chairman ; and the com-
mittee as follows :^ — Mr. R. W. Davison,
Rev. J. G. Shotton, Mr. N. Beveridge,
Mr. W. Colville, Mr. R. Robson (Wooler),
Mr. R. Robson (Riding Mill), Mr. J.
Scott, Mr. W. Smart, Mr. T. Bruce, Mr.
E. B. Atkinson, Mr. R. Matheson, Aid. J.
Wilkinson, Mrs. Davison, Mr. L. Ruther-
ford, and Rev. M. M. Piddocke.— Com-
municated.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed hy correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real names
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

•* Isle of Wight " Disease.
Where are We?

[10093] I really do not know where we
bee-keepers stand. I should very much
like to have some enlightenment on the
subject. We really do not know definitely
w'hat " Isle of Wight " disease is caused
by.

Mr. Cowan, in his Guide-book, quotes
authorities who attribute it to Nosema
apis. Scotch authorities (vide B.B.J. ,
October 9 of last year) say it is not
caused by Nosema apis.

Furthermore, Dr. Rennie and others
declare " the infection is not carried by
honey, frames, hives, or dead bees, but
apparently only by direct contact with
diseased or dying bees"; in fact, it is
more "contagious" than "infectious."
In the extracts given in B.B.J, for Oc-
tober 23 of last year, from the " Review
of Applied Entoanology," it is stated that
Nosema disease " is not particularly
malignant in cha.raoter." (From what I
have heard, and from the little experience
I have had of it, I believe " Isle cf
Wight " disease can be very malignant.)

Jan. 15. 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

31

This authority states that transmission of
the (Nosema) disease " need not be feared
through the medium of flowers, or hives,
or hands and clothing of the apiarist, or
tools used in apiary." I am inclined to
agree with this.

There seems to be agreement as to the
means of infection between tihis American
authority and the authorities quoted by
Mr. Cowan, viz. : a sluggish or stagnant
body of water near the hives, and the
robbing of diseased colonies. With all
these diverse opinions it is difficult for a
mere layman to know precisely where he
stands. Is it not possible that the malig-
nant form of dysentery which we know as
"Isle of Wight" disease is caused by
Nosema apis, and Mucor Melittophthorits
acting together in the organs of the bee,
and the milder sorts by one or the other
of these micro-organisms alone? Does
not the fact that bees from the Continent
(where mal de mai or " Maikrankheit,"
has - had to be fought for generations)
shwv a marked degree of resistance to
" Isle of Wight " disease, indicate that
the above-mentioned diseases and malig-
nant dysentery -have something in com-
mon, if not a conmaon origin?

There is evidently plenty of opportunity
for investtigation, and intelligent bee-
keepers would do well to make particular
notes of any observations they are able
to make during the coming season with a
view to further elucidate the mystery. —
D. J. Hemming, Runcorn.

Letter from a ** Demobbed "
Soldier.

[10094] A few weeks ago our worthy
friend Mr. Kettle asked the question,
"Why don't the demobilised Ijee-keepers
write their experiences?"

I feel, like Mr. Clewlow, that I am no
great scribe, and feel my experiences
would be of little value to others. My
military duties called me farther afield
than France, for* I went to Salonica.
There one doesn't see any bee-keepers, so
conclude the bees were wild. The colour
varied in different hues of grey, brown
and black, and the bees were much smaller
than those found at home. On my journey
home in February, 1918 (having been
invalided home), the ship, after having
been caught in a severe storm, and getting
a bad battering, called at Suda Bay, Isle
of Crete, for repairs. While here I had a
bee alight on my ha-nd, and, being inte-
rested, I had a good look at it, and
decided it was an Italian. I suppose in
that country they would work the orange
groves.

While away in the army my bees, nn-
fM-tunately, went under, but was able to

re-start again last year. Mr. W. Ion
kindly presented me with a stock, and I
was able to buy a 3-frame nucleus,
and have now^ managed to build up to
eight stocks.

It is a practice of mine to give a clean
hive to each stock in the spring, as I
believe cleanliness goes a long way to
combat disease. To. solve the problem
of preventing hive roofs from being
blown off, I use a gate hook and eye
attached to the side and roof of the hives,
and find this a lot less trouble than
bricks and ropes. In concluding, I wish
you, Messrs: Editors, and all the staff, and
all fellow-bee-keepers a very happy and
prosperous New Year. — P. J. North.

How I Commenced Bee-Keeping.

[10095] The year 1886 was a year of
events to me, as it was in tihat year I took
u.nto myself a wife, and the first year
that I commenced to keep bees, my first
swarm being one of my wedding presents.
It was m a straw skep, and how to get
them from that into a frame hive was, to
me, a bit of a puzzle. However, coming
across another would-be bee-man, who had
read a book about the industry, he
brought me a single frame and told me
the dimensions a frame hive should be.
So I set about it and made a double-walled
hive, which I possess at this date, after so
many years. I can tell you. Sirs, therp
was plenty of timber put into the con-
struction of this very particulaiT hive. lu
1886 I obtained one swarm from the skep,
but did not retain it, being away on duty
. the whole day when the swarm issued, and
no one at home but my young wife^ who
knew next to nothing about bees. My
wife asked a neighbour if he would take
the swarm, which he tried to do, but was
not successful ; but I give him credit for
doing his best. After shaking the swarm
into a skep, the bees went back and
clustered again in the same position. The
neighbour . said, " Have you any wood

ashes, Mrs. D ?" She said, "Yes,"

and fetched about two gallons of ashes in
a pail, which the neighbour dashed right
in amongst the swarm, with the remark,
" That will shift them " ; an.d, true
enough, it did, as the swarm decamped
and flew a mile away from home, settling
in la bedi-oom chimney, where they were
for several years, as I was not up to the
bee-keeping enough to know how to get
them out. I guess they would not be
allowed to stay there long now before I
gave them notice to quit. This was in
1886, where I will leave it for the pre-
sent, and at another time, with your per-
mission, Messrs. Editors, go on into 1887,
the first Jubilee of Queen Victoria's reign.
— Beecroft, Chichester.

32

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 15, 1920.

Re Notes on Bee Dysentery.

[10096] Noting the above article in
January 1 issue, I found a way to pre-
vent this dysentery being found in the
spring after wintering, I put it down to
too many quilts, also the wrong material
and results in sweating.

I condemn American cloth to begin with.

If one places a wired honey board over
the combs, with a feed hole that has a
movable top, place two large calico quilts
cut with flaps over the whole nest, well
tucked round the brood box, another of
unbleached calico, and then fine sort of
sacking. Then place four flat sticks
(tops of old clean frames), two each end,
two at sides, and lay a cork folding quilt
on this, filling up the feed hole of the
quilt with a cork bung and a bit of sack-
ing over this well tucked in. The en-
trance 8 in. wide, with a " Silver" non-
dwindler 8 in. wide at the top. If one
has a drawer under brood nest so much
the better. By this way the bees get
warm air, which passes eventually
through the quilts; any moisture is taken
up by cork quilt. Sealing bees down I
found is fatal. If the space is left for
queen to get over the combs, and not
confine her to one comb, you will find a
nice patch of brood, and lively hees in
March. — C. Tredceoft.

Bee Legislation.

[10O97] I notice that the assertion is
ciontinually being made that it is the
large bee-keepers who aire opposed to legis-
lation. I lam the possessor of several large
apiaries, but, contrary to the above state-
ment, no one would welcome legislation
more than myself. A® a practical bee-
keeper, land also one who has at various
times had experience of Grovernment con-
trol, I cannot understand the attitude of
those who oppose protection for the very
weak reasons given, i.e., meddlesome in-
spectors, and that the Britisih Bee-keepers'
Association will have control of the admin-
istration of any Act which may be
obtained.

My experience of Government ofl&cials is
that, as public servants, they are invari-
ably considerate and tactful, while those
especially of the Board of Agriculture, are
ever ready to render a.ss.istanoe in any
form required.

If friction deos arise, then as a rule it
is not the fault of the officer, who for any
deviation from has duty may loose his
position, but is usually caused by the un-
reasonableness of the civilian. With
regard to the latter. Can a single case
be adduced where the Government liave
delegated their power nnd functions to an

outsiide body? With all their alleged
faults, surely we must give Government
officials the credit for having a certain
amount of common sense. Neither do I
take it that if inspectors were appointed
would they have unlimited powers. I
think it will be found that their opera-
tions are limited to very definite instruc-
tions, issued by the head of their parti-
cular department.

The opposition, which apparently is
limited to a very )few, Should come out
into the open and state their views, also
give their reasons for objecting to the
industry being protected, and state clearly
how they would remedy what they consider
the faults.

Bee-keeping has a very different stand-
ing mow than when the last Bill was intro-
duced in 1913. It is admitted by one
Association, the Kent (which is the largest
in England), without a single dissentient,
that the onlv remedy for the disastrous
state of bee-keeping is the passing of a
bill to deal with bee diseases, as is the
case with every other country in the world
(even Ireland).

We now have at the Board of Agricul-
ture and Fisheries men with the very
higihest standard of efficiency in apicul-
ture, and who have no selfish motive, or
interest, other than the well-being of our
country, and noble craft.

Cannot we then delegate to them the
work of drafting a Bill, or such an Order
as they may think expedient, to prevent
the spreading of bee diseases in England
and Wales? Something must be done if
we in Kent survive much longer. Al-
though progressive, we find some that
require licking into shape, and compelling
to be made less selfish and more careful.
To conclude, I state two cases which came
to imy knowledge this autumn. The first
was la lady with two stocks. She wished
to dispose of them, so sent for the expert
to igo and arrange price, etc. On exam-
ining the stocks he found them full of
foul brood, and at once informed t.he
owner, who promised to destroy them.
Instead of this, and witMn foTirteen days,
she sold them to a young beginner.

The second instance is of a gentleman
living in a country residence and with a
rpractical knowledge of bee-keeping, whose
bees had not ©iven him any surplus during
the season 1919. My (assistance was re-
quested, and an examination of the two
stocks was carried out, when I found one
of them with six combs full of foul brood.
I advised him what he ought to do, and
which he promised would be carried out.
But the opportunity arose for him to sell
them, which he did to another gentleman
within one month. He then politely in-
formed mc that he had done so, and that

Jan. 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

33

he h.ad got enough for them to purchase
tw<o Italian nuclei from me next year,
1920. Also would I supply him with them
as early as possible in May, so that he
could (get some honey hefore the end of
the season?

Our association would like to have a
good practical bee-keeper and expert for
the county, also an inspector with these
qualifioations, who would get about the
county, and teaoh those who stand in
need of knowledge respecting diseases,
etc. Those who did not require his iser-
vioe would, I am sure, mever hesitate to
allow him to examine bees at a proper
time. We must rid our county and coun-
try of the neglectful, unscrupulous, and
selfish bee-keeper, by having what the
majority demand, i.e., Legislation. — G.
Bryden.

[10098] By all means let us have legis-
lation. Surely it is possible to frame an
Act that would be protective and helpful
to bee-keepers, professional and amateur!

Let bee diseases be oompulsorily notifi-
ahle the same as for cattle, etc., with a
heavy fine in case of failure to comply
with the Act.

I see no reason why a Government oflfi-
cial should have power to inspect bees
unless disease has been reported or is sus-
pected.

I should like to offer a suggestion to
Mr. Hemming, with reference to black
roof covering mentioned in his " Jottings
from Huntingdonshire," B.B.J., Decem-
ber 18.

Tf he will first paint the roofing felt
with the preparation painters call " knot-
ting " (shellac dissolved in methylated
spirit), he can then paint the felt white
or any colour. I have tried this, and find
it quite successful. Roofs treated in this
manner have withstood scorching sun and
winter weather without showing the least
sign of discolouration from the gas^ar in
the felt.— W. H. Collin.

[10090] My time has been so fully
occupied during the past few weeks that
I have been unable to reply to a remark
of Mr. A. J. Coates-Cook in his article
(No. 10059) ivliich appeeared in the
Journal of December 11, 1919; but, I
fear, he has failed to grasp the main
object for which, I take it, county asso-
ciations exist. It is not to increase the
number of bee-keepers — or, shall I say,
keepers of bees — or to find business for ap-
pliance makers, but, by means of lectures
given by those qualified to speak, and by
gatherings of bee-keepers at well-run
apiaries, to promote the study and de-
velopment of apiculture.

With the object of increasing the use-

fulness of the Association and widening
its sphere, the local centres to which Mr.
Coates-Cook refers, are being inaugu-
rated, and it wovild surely be more con-
sistent with his views on the necessity of
legislation if he gave us the pleasure of
welcoming him as a member and aided the
cause by his valuable knowledge and co-
operation rather than by appearing to
throw cold water on the efforts of those
who are doing what they can to foster the
craft. I shall be very pleased if Mr.
Coates-Cook will write to- me as Hon.
Secretary of the , Gloucestershire Bee-
keepers' Association. I would have writ-
ten to him, but do not know his address.
— Edward J. Bartleet, Quedgeley Rec-
tory, Gloucester. (First Class Expert,
B.B.K.A.).

Remedy for Ants.

[10100] Messrs. Cairncross and Zillen
(10076) might find one of the following
specifics useful in warding off the attacks
of the black ants from the hives. The
borax I have found particularly good in
preventing ants attacking ripe fruit, botli
out of doors and under glass, one applica-
tion being usually sufBcient : —

(1) Sprinkle powdered borax freely
about their nests, which, after being
watered in, or after the first rain, will
cause the ants to decamp to pastures new.

(2) Paraffin oil, mixed with six times
its bulk of water, sprinkled over their
nests every few days will both kill and
drive ants away.

(3) Carbolic acid, of a good strength,
diluted with ten or twelve times its bulk
of water, and well sprinkled about places
free from vegetation, will also prove
effective.

Trusting the above may be of some use.
— J. Neighbour.

[10101] In reply to Messrs. Cairncross
and Zillen' s inquiry re " Wanted, Remedv
for Ants " (10076), I have found that a
band of cloth or flannel, three or fou^
inches wide, soaked in kerosene and tied
or sewn round each leg of the hive will
prevent any ants from getting in.

L. P.

[10102] In reply to 10076, I would state
thut in the tea gardens in India, M'here
they are troubled with ants, the legs of
tables, meat safes, etc.. are all stood in
tin dishes or saucers about 4 to 5 in.
diameter. These saucers being kept filled
with either water with some permanga-
nate of potash, or kerosene, the ants can-
not cross either. If this cannot be carried
out, sotme of Messrs. McDougall's
" Ostico," painted round each leg will
arrest every ant attempting to climb.
This is what I use on grease bands for

34

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 15, 1920.

apple trees, and the stickiness lasts for
five or six months. The collection of
moths, flies, etc., that are caught is won-
derful. It is stocked by most seedsmen,
but the address of Messrs. McDougall is
66-68, Port Street, Manchester.

Trusting one of these remedies may be
suitable. — F. J. Cribb.

[101O3] I should suggest that Messrs.
Cairncross and Zillen (10076) make a mix-
ture of tar, pitch, and lard, in propor-
tions to be ascertained by experiment,
to suit their climate.

Such a mixture would never dry, and
each successive coat on the hive legs would
render it more sticky; in fact, the legs
could be placed on boards and the whole
surface coated.

I used this preparation years ago with
my own hives, and the legs eventually
lost their square edges and became round
" blobs."

Although nearly dry in winter the
warmth later soon softened the surface,
and on hot days it would " run." — G. J.
Q1.ARKE.

[10104] When I first kept bees, one hive
was threatened with extinction by these
pests, but I cured complaint as follows :
— In place of wooden legs to hives I had
6 in. bolts with square heads (making level
with spanner a very easy job). Round
the pillar of bolt I bound soft rag and
kept this soaked with kerosine. In our
climate this does not evaporate quickly,
and is quite effective. But in Pretoria ?.?

At the meeting when Dr. Abushady
showed us the metal foundation, he also
raised the question as to whether bees
drew out the wax for cell making, or made
their own. Has he tried the experiment
of weighing a sheet before and after cells
are made? (of course, before any honey
has been deposited). I presume it could
be done. I hope " Bee Legislation," as
you promote, will come into force. — T.
Knight.

[10105] Re No. 10076, South Africa, and
visions of ants as large as grass-
hoppers. Whoever would have thought
of our little nigger going round there and
giving so much trouble? If the nests are
difficult to locate, spread jam, or other
sweet substance, on paper or cardboard,
and place upside down between, and be-
hind for preference, each two hives.
AMien ants find anything of this kind,
they soon make a to and fro straight
line to it from their nest, as they have
under my own front door, when I have
had supers of honey indoors. Mark the
ne.sts in the daytime, rise two hours be-
fore ds^ylight, and have a good supply of

boiling water by dawn, in the chill of
which hour most orderly colonists, such as
ants, should be indoors. Apply boiling
water liberally ; water that is only hot is
of little use. By having it at boiling
point the ants are dead almost before
they feel anything. It may be necessary
to make a channel round the nest if the
ground is very hard, or if the ground is
fissured by drought it may be necessary to
water several times to close the fissures
before dealing with the nest. And each
nest should be dealt with thoroughly.

The legs of hives may be made of
creosoted wood, as are railway sleepers ;
the legs of hives may then stand in vessels
of water permanently. Under the South
African sun I think the vessels will need
to be of half-gallon capacity, seven or
eieht inches wide, ^and there may be a
tablespoonful of paraffin oil on the water.
If the ants' nests are on open property '
and inaccessible, use jars one-third filled
with something sweet, with a string at-
tached, and when well filled with ants
drop into boiling water.

I think the reddy-brown ant is on the
whole the more troublesome in this
country. It often causes a good deal of
irritation, too, by biting. This one is
particularly troublesome in some parts of
Sussex, where I have known it to carry
pellets of earth and other material up the
outside of hives, through the ventilators,
and make qixite large nests abov^ the
quilts, sometimes on a rack of completed
sections. A particularly vicious-looking
ant of great size, and in colour half red
and half black, is found in great numbers
in the wooded and hilly light lands of
East Essex, between Danbury and Maldon.
This ant collects quite a large heap of
little pieces of wood for use as a nest. But
when I was a boy there, no bees- were kept
near these ants. W. Loveday.

Chiltern View Road, Uxbridge.

[10106]' Re 10076 Remedy for Ants,
I was troubled with this pest ; I had the
iron shoes for paraffin, which were filled
freqviently, as evaporation was quick.
This was put in by a glass squirt. I found
the ants' nest in a border of roses close
by, and dug " vaiporite " into it, and
have not been troubled since. Every ant ^
hill I found I put " vaporite " in; it kills
all grubs, too, in the most wonderful way.
— Cyril Tredcroft.

[10107] Last November I sent a small
stock of Italian bees to Madeira. A Kent
standard hive was also despatched. In a
letter just received I find a sketch of the
hive, with legs removed, standing on a
very short and stout post like a tree
trunk. Halfway up, and completely en-
circling the post, is tied a hand of greaso-

Jan. 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

35

proof paper, and qn this is a layer of some
sticky substance, such as Stiektite. The
arrangement is made to keep out ants,
which would otherwise infest the hives.

The idea is new to me, and may be to
others, so I pass it on to your readers.
It might be advisable, if trying this plan,
to enlarge the alighting board, otherwise
many a returning forager, dropping on
the ground and then trying to crawl
home, would test the quality of the Stiek-
tite. John W. Price.

" Utilising Partly-Built Sections.

[10108] It is inevitable every autumn
that sections are taken from the hives un-
touched, or almost untouched, by the bees.
When trying to use them again the follow-
ing summer they are so brittle that they
always break while trying to fix the
foundation. Can you or any of your
readers show how these old .sections, after
being used once", can be made serviceable
again? As their value is so much higher
than it used to be, it would be a great
advantage to bee-keepers if old sections
could have foundations fixed in them for
use a second time. — A. T. F.

[Damp the corners before unfolding. —
Eds.]

Correspondents desiring an answer in the next
issue should send questions to reach this office
NOT LATER than the FIRST POST on MONDAY
MORNING. Only SPECIALLY VRGENT ques-
tions will be replied to by post if a STAMPED
addressed envelope is enclosed. All questions must
be accompanied by the sender's name and address,
not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee
of good faith. There is no fee for answering
questions.

H F. Keep (Birmingham).— Feeding' bees with
sectio»i5.— Providing they are from healthy bees,
you cannot use anything better. Put the section
over the feed hole as it is.

A. W. Smith (Edinburgh).— (D) Sorry, we cant.
(2) Carniolans are gentle, very prolific, fairly
good workers, and use little propolis, but are
exceseive swarmers. Ton would find pure Italians
equally good. (3) Tee. There is no other book
on the same lines.

"Rhun" (Wales).— "We are unable to say cause
of queen's death.

Honey Samples.

"Novice" (Maidstone).— No. 1 mainly fruit;
appears to have been slightly over-heaied. No. 2,
clover and lime. No. 3, from mixed sources.
Suspected Disease.

H. P. (Dunstable), " TJlstkr Reader" Qreland^
J. J. B. Young (Sheffield), MIrs. Gott (N.
Wales).- The bees were affected with " I.O.W."
disease.

Capt. Elstob (Mon.).— The bees appear to be suffer-
ing from dysentery.

M. Baker (Runcorn).— W« do not find disease in
the bees sent.

" Enquirer " (Caterham).— The bees died from
" I.O.W." disease. We do not think it advis-
able to feed other bees on the stores they have
left.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

PRIVATE ADVEBTISEIVIEKTS.

1?0R SALE, 1 cwt. guaranteed pure Light Eng-
. lish Honey; price £10 10s.; sample 6d.— LAW,
Cuckoo, Ashwell, Herts. a.l7

STRAW SKEPS, new, made specially for extra
large swarms, holds 6 to 7 galls., flat top, with
feed hole, very thick, and strongly bound with
cane; approval; deposit system; carriage paid
028. 6d. each.— BROWN, 57. Spencers Koad, Craw-
ley, Sussex. a.l8

WT> r^ HIVE, new; one Bristol Hive, good
.I3.V>. condition.— BRETTELL. Pedmore,
Stourbridge, Worcestershire. r.a.l9

WANTED, Single Conqueror Hive in good
order. — Stoneyhurst, Broadbridge Heath.
Horsham. a.21

EXPERT, wide practical experience all branches
Apiculture, and Utility Poultry, open engage-
ment shortly; hive maker.— Box 58. B.B.J. Office,
23. Bedford Street, W.C.2. a^

PURE light Cambridgeshire Honey, 14-lb. tins,
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. tins, 42s.; tins free; sample 4d.
—J. YOUNGER. 6. Maid's Causeway. Cambridge.

r.a.5

HONEY, clover blend, highly commended
Grocers' Exhibition; 28-lb. tins, free. 49s.—
THOMAS, Causeway, Burwell, Cambs. a^

ly CWTS. LIGHT CAMBRIDGESHIRE HONEY,

I £8 10s. cwt., on rail, 28-lb. tins; tins free;

sample 6d.— <JEORGE BARNES. Burwell, Cambs.

a.l

THE GRAMOPHONE RECORD EXCHANGE
will exchange Records 5s. dozen; return
postage free.— Address, 6, Rood Lane, London.
Particulars stamp. x.M

WANTED, new Cycle Chain, 1 in. pitch by i
and 5 ft. 6 in. long, twin roller, or block.—
Price to A. J.. B.B.J. Office, 23. Bedford Street,
Strand, W.C.2. x.32a

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lis., post
free; one Wood Maine Motor Foot Pump, 45s.,
carriage free; one 760 x 90 Cover, 15s., carriage
free; one small Motor Horn, 5s., post free.—
HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

CORRESPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING. Golden Square. Hen-
field, Sussex. rw.31

WILL all those bee-keepers possessing 25 stocks
of bees and upwards kindly send particulars
to SECRETARY, B.B.K.A., 23. Bedford Street,
Strand. London, W.C.2.1' v-^2

BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS,
lid. per word.

STRONG Stocks of Bees, guaranteed, on 7 frames
with pure selected Italian Queens, 1920; orders
booked in rotation for delivery from end of May;
price £5, carriage paid; travelling box 10s. extra,
which is returnable. Cash with order.— MISS F. E.
PALING, Golden Square, Henfield, Sussex. a.23

PURE Light English Honey, granulated. 28-lb.
tin-^, £9 cwt.; tins and case free; sample 6d.—
WELLS, Bowers Lane, Isleham, Cambs. a.26

\\/'E are reserving a few choice Italian Queens

VV for the D.B.s for delivery in May, June,

July and .\ngu8t. Prices and particulars on aopli-

ration— S. H. SMITH. 30. Maid's Causeway. Cam-

JUiy ano aus^uki. rriccs aim uai ni^uiaio vru «»ijk"

cation.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway. Cam-
bridge. ••27

36

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 15, 1920.

THE BEST IS CHEAPEST IN THE END.—
Buy our guaranteed Bees and Queens, and get
good value for your money. Catalogue 3d., which
is returned on first order.— PEARSON & GALE.
Marlborough. a.24

ITALIAN QUEENS and 3-frame Nuclei.— Insure
against disappointment by getting your Queens
and Bees from a place where " I.O.W." has never
existed. Orders now booked for June and July
delivery.- S. CEAWEOED. Apiaries, Castlederg,
Co. Tyrone. a.25

HIVE MAKERS Wanted.— Apply, letters only,
stating age, experience, wages expected, to
LEE, Beehive Works, Uxbridge. Middlesex. a.l3

QUANTITY amber-coloured Granulated Honey
in 1-lb. glass jars at 21s. dozen, i-lbe. at lis. 6d.
dozen; also in tine, 7 lbs., lis.; 14 lbs., 20s. 6d.;
and 28 lbs., 373. 6d.; carriage paid.— Apply,
MEADOW BROS., Shirley Road. Shirley. Surrey.

r.a.lO

AVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?

If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB.
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price list
for 1920 on application.— Address, E. PENNA.
Bologna. Italy. w.39

Cbe metal foundation.

(Protected.)
For the benefit of . readers of the JOURNAL
and the RECORD we have arranged with the
manufacturers of the Metal Foundation to
accept all orders received through our offices
at a consideration in the shape of a 25 per
cent, deposit to begin witn, and the balance
by mid-March, or prior to delivery, if earlier.
All orders are guaranteed by them to be
executed not later than April, 1920.
Prices :— (1) BRITISH STANDARD FRAME,
fully fitted with " worker "
Metal Foundation : Single,
2s. 4d. ; per two dozens, 2s. 3d.
each frame ; per four dozens
and over, 2s. 2d. each frame.
(2) STANDARD SHEET of
** worker " Metal Foundation :
Single, 2s. ; per two dozens,
Is. lid. each sheet; per four
dozens, Is. lOd. each sheet.
Subject to a 5 per cent, discount to members of
the Apis Club.
Padding & Carriage Extra.
*^i* Since the Metal Foundation will be pro-
duced only to order, no order will be subject
to cancelling.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W. HEBROD-HEMPSAXI., 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, Iiondon, W.C.2.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Postage
A Modern Bee Farm ... ... 7/6 ... 6d.

Bee-keeping (Dr. E. F. Phillips) 10/6 ... 6d.
BBS-KEEPING Sin([PI.XFZED

FOB THE COTTAGER AND

SMALIOXOLDER (W. Heb&oo-

Hempsall, E.E.S.) 1/- ... IJd.

BEE-KEEFEBS' FBACTICAIi

NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... lid.
BBITZSIZ BEE - KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)
Dissectible Model of Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FEBTIX.ZSATION OF FRUIT

BIiOSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health. (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) -/2 ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock) 5/- ... 6d.

PBOtoUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-

IITG BEE PRODUCE (W.

Sekeod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladbn) 1/6 ... 2d.

Snelgrove's MJethod of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan)... 2/- ... 2id.
Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... IJd.

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.
Mlaeterlinck's Iiife of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.
The Lore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER Edwardes) 2/- ... 2d.

The Humble Bee (F. W. L.

Sladen) 12/6 ... 6d.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

23, Bedford steeet, strand. Lone on. w.c.«.

FINEST SECTIONS OF HONEY.

A large quantity for Sale at carriage paid prices,

either Plain or Glazed

IRISH RUN HONEY.

Several cwts. for Sale in quantities to suit cus-

tomerfi, at carriage paid prices in free tins and

GORDON ROWE,

Honey and Beeswax Packer,
28a, Moy Road, Cardiff.

BEE FIiOWER SEEDS.

Collection of six t>est Varieties, Is., post free.

Beautifully Illustrated Instructions Up-to-date.

Garden Guide, 64 pages, Free.

KNIGHT'S,

SiEED Specialists,

Wolverhampton

The prodaicts of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The

'Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free rem —

V.INDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON, E.C.2.

The certain cure for
and Preventative of
•'Isle of Wight" disease.

M«nufactnrert.by "Buot^rol" Limited, London, N.~
VLEUVEY & JAUES, I.TD., MEJtl.ET HOUSJ! "" ABBINGDON ROAD, LONDON. E.C.

BACTEROL'

Proved by Bee-keepers
generally after testing on
the most hopeless stockft.

Jan. 15, 1920. THB BRITISH BBS JOtTRNAL.

Ill

Dont Order ''W^S." Queens until you have seen the
'' Queenland'' Revised List for 1 920. 3id. post free

NUCLEUS STOCKS-Same Price as 1919.

The only Pedigree Bee-Stock Registered in direct line for more

than 25 years.

" AMALGA " is the name of our Queen breeding mother for 1920
" ALTA " is the name of our Drone parent for 1920.

PRODUCE OF ONE NUCLEUS
REALISES OVER £40 IN CASH.
" The three-frame nucleus I purchased
from you had increased last autumn to
two strong stocks. I supered on© on
April 23rd of this year, and the other a
few days later. I sold two swarms, and
made up the others to five stocks. Of
thes€ 1 also sold three stocks. The
original lot gave 198 lbs. of honey, and
in all I have taken 365 lbs. My sales
amounted to over £41 in actual cash."
fMlSS^ H. G. MOYSEY.

Somerset, Oct. 9th, 1918.

EXCEEDS 500 PER CENT. INTEREST.

" We have now 12 stocks to winter,
besides selling one, out of the two three-
frame nuclei supplied June 20th last year."
(August 15th, 1917). Miss B. D.

Quainton, Bucks.

THREE TO SEVENTEEN.

" It may interest you to know that the
three stocks to which I introduced your
queene (the only stocks saved in the
apiary) in 1916, produced in all 17 stocks,
and a good surplus in honey in 1917 ; this
under the care of my wife who knew
nothing about bees. I simply directed
her as to management from there
(France)." Oliver G. Pike.

April 9th, 1918.

FIRST AND BEST.

" Your White Star strain was the first
to enter the sections, and all the honey I
got was from them." G. H. S.

Heddon House Dairy.

APRIL 19th.— BOILING OVER.

" The hive is simply boiling over with
W. S. bees. They are at work when my
other stocks are idling, and they are
stronger than any of my other stocks."

Aberdare, Wales. E. T. W.

ARE THE W.S. PROLIFIC?

" In 1904 I got a W.S. queen from you,
and last year (1905) by the first week in
June she had brood in twenty-fire stan-
dard frames." J. H.

Higher Kinnerton, Chester.

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NUCLEUS DELIVERED IN JUNE;
40 FRAMES BY AUGUST.

" The three-frame nucleus of bees now
occupy 40 Standard Frames. They have
exceeded beyond anything I believed pos-
sible. I have never had anything like
them before, and if the other queens on
order turn out the same I consider my
fortune made." .John Jones.

Llancarfan, Aug. 21st, 1918.

SEVERAL STOCKS FROM ONE

NUCLEUS.
" It seems almost ridiculous that this
nucleus of the previous season (Aug.),
before I was prepared for it, swarmed in
April, and I now have several stocks from
that investment." J. W. McK.\x.

Croydon.

EIGHT STOCKS FROM ONE W.S.

NUCLEUS.
" I now have eight stocks from the one
nucleus you supplied last year."

J. JONSS.

Llancarfan, May, 1919.

BEST IN THE COUNTY— NEVER
SAW THE LIKE !
" May 26th. — The two queens you sent
me have exceeded anything that I ever
thought of. The stock chambers are full
and crammed with brood, and all three
supers crowded with bees ; but even with
this tlie bees are boiling over. I have not
fed them at all, and have removed several
framc-s of brood for another lot. The
County Expert called yesterday, and said
he had never seen such bees, and they
were certainly the best in Hampshire." ,

D. D. P. '

NO SPRING-FEEDING, BUT AGAIN
FIRST. ^

" The W.S. bees on eleven 16 x 10
framed were full and boiling over at the
middie of May. and were the first to enter
supers out of 23 stocks ; and last, but not
least, they required no spring feeding."

U. W.
Arnold, Notts.

Revised 1920 "White Star" List, 3^d., of S. SIMMINS, Queenland, Keathfield, Sussex.

IT THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 15, 1920.

QUALlTY^

The difference between a good bargain and a bad bargain
is not so much a matter of money as of quality.

All our goods have the " Hallmark of Quality " resulting in a large
clientele of SATISFIED customers. Does this mean anything to
you? If so, send for our large Illustrated Catalogue for 1920,

free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,
Bee Appliance Works, WORMIT, FIFE, SCOTLAND.

The Kent' Standard Model Hives & Appliances

TEbTIMONIAL. May 12.

Dear Sir, — I have had an opportunity of comparing the material and workmanship
of your hives with others on the market, and in my opinion there is no sort of comparison
between the two, yours being altogether superior in every particular. — Youri faithfully,

5. /. BALDWIN. Stanley Road. Bromley. Kent.

BURTT, Gloucester, %{^ces.

NebJ Illustrated Catalogue Free on application,
- - THE - -

BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

ESTABLISHED 1873.
THE NEW VOLUME COMMENCED JANUARY 1st.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL is supplied direct from the Office every week, post free
for One Year, lOa. lOd. ; Half Year, 5a. 5i. ; Three Months, 2s. 9d. (payable in advance).
Posted on Wednesday evening in time for delivery on Thursday.

Money Orders and Cheques should be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall and crossed "London
Ooanty and Westminster Bank."

(To be filled up by intending Subscribers, cut out, and returned to the Office.)
Pltas€ send me "Thk British Bbb Joubnal" for.

Commtncing 192 , for which I enelote

*Na.mf.

j Addrets

Dat4

'Please state whether Mr., Mrs., or Miss, etc.

It will considerably facilitate our publishing arrangements if subacriptions are dated from the beginning oj
each year ; tlie proprietor will therefore be obliged if subscribers will fill up and return the above form as earlv
a» possible.

COVERS FOR BINDING
"BRITISH BEE JOURNAL" or "BEE-KEEPERS' RECORD," 1/8 post free.

British Bee Journal Office, 23 Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C.2

*EIMHCD BY TBB AVENDB PRESS (L. UPOOTT OIU, A SON, LtD) 66-67, DKDBY LiNB, LoMDON, W.G., AH»

PuBLiBBBD roa THB Pbopeirob (W. Hbbbod-Hbupbux), by Suipkih, MiBSHiLL, Ruauto»,
Kmr A Co., Ltd., 3L A X, PAnaMosru Bow. B.O.

BEitiSH B«E JotJftJJU. AKD Bbb-EWPEM' Advibbb, January 22, 1920.

X

241920

i<eHJiitti'TC^^

l^jg^

Iftjid J-rMrrod*
HerapsAlLTES

Adviser/

xWfeckKr Journal Devoted
the Interests oj

> Bec-Kecpers.

N«. 1961. Vol. XL VIII

JANUARY 22, 1920.

[Puhlished every Thuradav, Price S4*

coxrrrxBxwi

FAQE

Obituary Notice 37

Review 38

A Dorset Yarn 38

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 39

"Isle op Wight" Disease 40

Questions for Bee-keepers 41

Strav Notes, Comments and Questions 42

Native Bees 42

PAGE

CowAL B.K.A 43

Bee-keeping Lecture at Wolverhampton 43

HoNEV Imports ' 43

Correspondence —

Eemedy for Ants 44

The Apis Club 44"

Bee Legislatioa 44

Weather Report 46

Notices to Correspondents 46

DO NOT LET YOUR BEES STARVE.

Use Taylor's Soft Candy

1-lb. 1/6, post free ; 6-Ibs. 6/-, post free ;
12-lbs. 10/6 (11/6 carriage paid, 12/- post free.)

SYRUP-7-lbs. 7/6 ; 14 lbs. 10/6; 28 lbs. 20/ SUGAR VOUCHER murtfU

sent with order.

BEESWAX BOUGHT,

2/- lb. Cash, or 2/1 lb. allowed if taken out in goods.

Also Cleaned and Sterilised and made into Foundation.

No. 77. Compressed
NAPHTHAFORMA TABLETS,

Thej Germ-killing Remedy for Foul Brood
1/9 Bottle, Post Free.

TAYLOR'S NEW REGISTERED
ZINC EXCLUDER

giving 50% freer access to supers

i6 X i6 squares 3/-, post 6d.
8-ft sheets 15/-, post i/-.

BACTEROL & YADIL,

For "Isle of Wight" Disease,

Bacterol, 2/6 per bottle, post 6d.
Yadil, 3/6 per bottle, post 6d.

Syrup should be fed medicated with above in

Taylor's Registered Feeder,

Specially designed for above cures,

Post free, 3/10

or Bottle of Bacterol and Feeder, 6/- post free

TAYLOR'S No. 12 QLVE, Dovetailed, at 29/- Carriage Paid. In the Flat, 28/-

BE§T VALUE IN HIVES EVER OFFERED.

NEW CATALOGUE FOR. 1919 POST FREE.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

u

THB BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 22, 1920.

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(Protected.)

C The triumph of the mCtal fOUnda=

tiOn is due to the following significant
advantages : — (1) Indefinite durability
with reasonable care ; (2) Greater safety
of bees in transit on new combs; (3)
Capability of bearing the weight of
a heavy swarm in hot weather ; (4)
Greater comb stability in quick extract-
ing ; (5) Control of drone cells ; (6) The
production of even combs ; (7) Easy re-
moval of queen cells without the
slightest injury to the foundation ; (8)
Cleanliness and adaptability to sterili-
sation by boiling ; (9) Economy of
labour and time in fitting and detach-
ing; (10) An ideal compromise between
the metal comb and the wax founda-
tion.

C The invention has created a world-
wic^e interest. Its value will be the
more appreciated by studying the fol-
lowing original literature: — "The British Bee Journal," November 13; "Bee Craft,"
December; and "The Bee World," September, October, and November, 1919.

RETAIL PRICES.

<I, The metal yOUndatiOn ("worker" type) can now be produced in any size required,
whether for the brood chamber or the super, e.g., for the British Standard Frame
(14 in. X SYz in.). Deep Standard (14 in. x 12 in.), Simmins' (16 in. x 10 in.), Lang-
stroth (17% in. x 9]/$ in.), etc., and for their corresponding super frames. Despite
the heavy cost of machinery, metal, etc., it is offered at a price well within the pur-
chasing power oj the average bee-k.eeper. All orders, whether large or small, receive
prompt attention, and are executed in strict rotation, and in good time for the season.
We have further decided — for the benefit of bee-keepers who are not yet in a position
to place their orders — on taking the risk of a liberal margin of production to meet
unavoidably delayed orders. If you have not yet made up your mind as to your
requirement, you are still in time to do so.

C This popular hive, which we originally introduced over twenty years ago, is admir-
able for its water-proof features, since it eliminates the plinth. It stands supreme
amongst all W.B.C. patterns. You will never regret trying it with your metal
foundation.

»** M^e allow a Five per cent, discount on all our goods (including the Metal Founda-
tion) to members of the Apis Club, who are respectfully requested to forward their
membership cards when placing orders.

A FINAL REMINDER! To avoid disappointment apply now for the Metal Founda-
tion Price List, and for our 1920 Catalogue.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd.

UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

(Telegrams : Graphicly, Uxbridge.

Telephone : Uxbridge 181.)

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Jan. 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

37

Obituary Notice.

The Late Mr. J. N. Smallwood.
As briefly stated in our last issue, it is
with deep regret that we record the
passing of our old friend and colleague.
He had not been well for some time, and,
becoming suddenly wbrse, he consulted a
specialist, who advised an immediate
serious operation. This was performed
successfully at the Cottage Hospital,
Hendon, on December 18. He had great
hopes that he would get about again, but
on January 7, the day he was due to
leave the hospital, he passed peacefully
away.

Widely read and travelled, his knowledge
of men and things was unbounded, and
his lucid and interesting evpression ex-
ceeded by few.

A devoted Catholic, and a schoolmate of
Father Bernard Vaughan, his integrity
was never questioned, and he was beloved
by all who came in contact with him. In
1913 the late Junior Editor gave him his
heart's desire, which was to visit The
Vatican at Rome, by taking him as com-
panion on his European tour. His one
regret was that he failed to obtain the
personal audience with the Pope, which
had been arranged, on account of His
Holiness being prostrated by the extreme
heat on the day of Mr. Smallwood's
arrival in the city. Our readers will re-
member his interesting account of that
trip, which appeared in our pages. It
was good to see his enjoyment of the tour,
and the sight of all the interesting places

THE LATE MR. J. N. SMALLWOOD^ ON THE EXTREME RIGHT.

Born at Handsworth, near Birming-
ham, in January, 1850, and educated at
Stoneyhurst College, Blackburn, where
he obtained premier honours in Latin and
Greek, he was a very successful commer-
cial traveller, both at home and abroad,
where his command of foreign languages
enabled him to succeed extremely well.

He commenced bee-keeping thirty-five
years ago, when residing at Barnet, and
from that time until his death he took a
great and unflagging interest in the
craft. He has been a constant contribu-
tor to The Bee Jodrnal and The IIecord
for many years, and the conti"ibutions
from his versatile pen were enjoyed and
appreciated by our readers, as the many
lettei's of thanks we have received testify.

and things of which he had long dreamed.

The photograph here given was taken
during the tour at the home of Signer
Plana.

As a member of the Council of the
B.B.K.A. for many years, he did sterling
work on the financial side. He very
rarely missed a meeting, and was always
ready and willing to do any task allotted
to him.

He acted as expert to the Cumberland
and Westmorland Association some years
ago, and at that time wrote a series of
articles, " Mid Piko and Fell," giving
lucid pen pictures of the grand scenery
of those counties and the typical North-
country people with whom he came in
contact ; since then and up to the time of

38

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 22, 1920.

His death he was expert for the Middlesex
Association, He also undertook the work,
single-handed, of the re-stocking apiary of
the Middlesex Bee Committee, and there
is no doubt that the work and anxiety of
the latter at his age helped to shorten his
days. He was indefatigable in his work
for the members of the association, and
none sought his advice and assistance in
vain. Only the day before entering hos-
pital, although in agonising pain, he
made candy for some of the members.

His last words to the Secretary of the
B.B.K.A. when he saw him into hospital
was: ' Give my love to the boys," mean-
ing those he had worked with in both
Associations.

As we look at his empty chair it seems
impossible to re-alise that he will not
return. But John Smallwood, a lover
of bees, one of Nature's finest gentlemen,
a loving husband and father, has passed
to his reward, and we are sure that all
bee-keepers who knew him, or have read
his writings, will join with us in tender-
ing to his widow and family our deepest
sympathy.

* * * ' *

A very wide circle of bee-keepers will
learn with great sorrow of the death of
Mr. John Smallwood, who for many years
has been an active member of the Council
of the British Bee-keepers' Association,
and has also acted as the expert of the
Middlesex Bee-keepers' Association.

Those who knew him most intimately,
and who consequently were aware of his
poor state of health for some time past,
will hardly be surprised at the sad news,
more especially as the serious opieration
which he had to undergo recently would
have been a severe tax upon the constitu-
tion of a young man, whereas Mr. Small-
wood was advanced in years. The hope
of his recovery entertained by his many
friends was based upon the fact that his
life had been a most healthy and regular
one, and that for many years so much of
his time had been spent in the open air.

Mr. Smallwood had many. of the quali-
ties essential for a sucessful bee-keeper.
He was unassuming, and extremely kind
hearted ; he was always ready to give a
helping hand to bee-keepers in need of
assistance or advice ; he could appreciate
both the grandeur and the beauties of
Nature, and he was blessed with a poetic
disposition. The last two qualities were
frequently apparent in his contributions
to The British Bee Journal and The
Record.

It is customary to say that every one
can be spared, and that when a person
dies there is another ready and able to
take on his duties ; but it is difficult for
the moment to say who will quite fill the
gap in Middlesex caused by Mr. Small-
wood's death. For many years he has

been the Bee-keeping Councillor and
friend of a large number of persons in
the districts of Mill Hill, Hendon, Hamp-
stead, Golders Green and Finchley, to
mention only a few of the districts where
his services have been specially in re-
quest, and he had charge of the apiary
established under the Government's re-
stocking scheme at Finchley.

He was laid to rest on Monday, January
12, when the writer had the privilege of
being present at this last ceremony, and
among the floral tributes resting on his
cofiin was one : "In aflectionate remem-
brance. From Mr. Smallwood's colleagues
on the Council of the British Bee-
keepers' Association. R.I. P."

His youngest dajjghter was too unwell
to undertake the »long journey to the
cemeteiy, but whilst her mother and
other relatives and friends were away she
was doing just what her father would
have wished her to do after the severe
gale of Sunday — she was seeing that his
bees, which he always looked after so
carefully and loved so much, were safe. —
J. B. Lamb.

Review.

Beginner's Bee Book, by F. C. Pellett
(J. B. Lippincott & Co.). Mr. Pellett' s
book, " Productive Bee-keeping," is well
known. The present book is intended for
those who do not intend to embark upon
bee-keeping on an extended scale. Mr.
Pellett has the happy knack of conveying
a lot of information in a few words. His
work as State Apiarist of Iowa, and as
Associate Editor of the American Bee
Journal, has made him conversant with
the general difficulties of those making a
start in bee-keeping, and readers of his
book reap the advantage of the knowledge
he has thus gained. The book is well
printed, and there are some excellent
illustrations. It will be found a very
useful book for those commencing. The
price is 5s., and may be obtained from
this office, post free, 5s. 4d.

A Dorset Yarn.

A spell of warm weather has brought
out bees and flowers. On Thursday it was
like the close of summer with our lot ; in
Wimborne it was the same; they were
flying high and wide, quite a distance
from the hives; they were on Christmas
roses. Snowdrops have their white blos-
soms showing through the soil, but bees
do not settle on them, though they are
side by side with the Christmas rose. I
see they only go to snowdrops when -the
male parts are well in evidence. In
Covent Garden last week could not see
any on sale; violets were very fine, the

Jan. 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

39

warm spell of weather has opened them
out in the open, as well as in the glass-
houses. A grower from Cornwall whom
I met at the R.H.S. meeting last week
spoke of quantities out in the open, and
bees were well and strong on the wing.

Our bees are still booming ; so many
write for them, so many about them. The
Editor of the Garden told me last Tues-
day that his paper was giving a column
on bees by a noted bee-keeper, which all
proves that bees will be much in evidence
this year.

Growers of vegetables for market sales
will be wise to get in early sowings of
broad beans and peas, if not already
done. Prices are very favourable to the
grower everywhere. AH winter crops also
sell well ; they are sought after at re-
munerative prices. I see in the markets
that the bee-keepers bring in their honey
as well, but all of them do not put it up
in the best, or at least not the most attrac-
tive manner. Fine clear run honey in
large pickle bottles, some in large jam
bottles. Still, prices were high ; the bee-
keeper must be well pleased with the
returns. One cannot but think it would
be higher returns if in more attractive
bottles, and less in each. It was all sold
at per lb., starting at Is. 6d., up to
2s. 6d.

The only things that hang are apples ;
some are cleared at l^d. and l|d. per lb.
I have a flat rate at 3d. for dessert and
cooking, bxit with heavy crops it is all
right for the farm. All trees look well
for another season. We shall not sell
our bees ; there will be more flowers for
them to fertilise as they open in spring.
As the area increases, we shall want still
more bees to go over the greater area. —
J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Frequently in these " Jottings" I have
remarked on the crude knowledge — I had
almost said crass ignorance — shown by
some rural bee-keepers as to the habits
and economies of the honey-bee. This I
generously put down to two reasons — one
the desire on the part of some people to
believe that what their fathers and grand-
fathers taught on the subject was the last
\j*ord in bee-wisdom; and too, false deduc-
tions, made through imperfect observa-
tion, followed by a determination not to
learn further wisdom from outside sources.
The last thing that would have entered my
head was that false bee-knowledge would
be taught in our schools. Judge, then, of
my surprise the other day in picking up a
school book — one of the Koyal Reader
seri^is — ancf coming across the following in

a chapter on bees : — " Bees gather not only
honey, but also a kind of golden dust,
from the inside of flowers. This dust they
carry home on their hind legs. They use
it to make bee-bread in the hive, as food
for the young bees. This dust they also
tosei to make wax, and ivith the wax they

build a great many little cells "

(The italics are mine.) Small wonder one
hears the remark from children, as they
see a pollen-laden bee enter a hive, " Look
at the wax on its legs ! " Earlier in the
chapter we are told that bees suck juice
from flowers and then carry it home to
m-ako honey. Further, we are told that
when a snail enters a hive with a house
on its back, they (the bees) seal up the
edges of the shell with wax, and sg the
poor snail dies. Evidently the writer of
the article had never heard of a bar-frame
hive, as bees live in " little straw houses
which have no window.s and only a very-
small door." Our future citizens are also
shown a picture of three straw skeps,
snugly placed away in a thatched shelter.
The book bears the date 1913. It may be
argued that it is a print of an old edition.
I so concluded at first, until a few pages
further on I came across a chapter
" About Kings and Queens," with a print
of King George V. If the above is a fair
sample of bee-wisdom taught in our schools
it's about time the British Bee-keepers'
Association called the Board of Education
to account.

•'•-•-day (the 16th) has been an ideal day
for cleansing flights, and where the queen is
laying the bees have been busy searching for
pollen. Christmas roses, jasmine, aconites,
wall flowers, primroses and snowdrops arc
the sum- total of my garden flowers now in'
bloom, while coltsfoot, dandelions and
dead nettles exhaust the wild flowers that
are now out. Aconites are first favourite;
one wishes there were more of them. It
was rather pathetic to see the number of
bees vainly trying to reach the pollen con-
tained in the yellow jasmine. I purposely
ripped open several of the flowers, and
our little honey-flies were quick to discover
what I had done for them.

I wonder is it possible to learn the
language of the bee. Some of their
actions are so expressive that they strike
one as being accompanied with a definite
tone or voice, which reminds nie how,
when I was learning Greek, I frequently
came across allusions to " the voice of the
bees." Did the ancients know more than
we about the subject? However, actions
speak louder than words, and it doesn't
take long to learn what a bee is saying
by her dramatic actions.

One day the bees of every hive but one
were busy around the entrance, and I,
wondering if anything were amiss in the
silent hive, began tapping lightly on the

40

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 22, 1920.

hive-roof, and stooped down to watch for
signs of life. Presently I saw a scuttling
backwards and forwards behind the en-
trance; then there was a squabble. Who
was to go out and investigate? One said
on this manner, and another on that, and
like schoolgirls they began calling one
another cowards. At last one was dared
to go out. She made a short semi-circle
and hurried back. I am sure I know what
she said : " It's a hlue tit, and why should
I be food for its crop? Go yourselves if
you want to be killed." Sitting well
back, I got a long stick and continued
tapping. Somewhat distressed, they held
a council of war. (The blue-tit is the
dragon of the bee-world.) Who should be
sacrificed? Presently there was a rust-
ling, which showed that relief was at
hand. Several of the little ladies had
found a fat, podgy drone, and^ were intent
on pushing him out. His struggles were
pathetic. He began to whimper and cry,
and called his sisters names ; but out he
had to go. I was rather shocked at
seeing him, and wondered where they haa
got him from; but I continued tapping
away, and as their big fat brother was
not consumed, they ultimately allowed him
to squeeze his way back into the hive.
Now what was to be done? One bee,
braver than the rest, came forward, and
with an indignant *' Cowards all of you I "
transcribed a semi-circle on the alighting
board, then another, still another — each
semi-circle larger than the last. In her
third detour she was able to see that the
dragon was no bird, but a stick. As quick
as lightning she comprehended that the
stick was being operated by me. She
went in, and in a few hasty sentences re-
ported the truth of things, and out came
a score of bees, buzzing around me. I
couldn't catch what they said, but gathered
they were" angry words. I think one or
two did manage to say I ought to have
known better, and hut for the fact that I
had tucked them up nice and warm for the
winter would have punished me in the way
I deserved. So I blushed and walked
away. Two followed me quite a distance,
saying very nasty things, and lest I
shouldn't catch their remarks buzzed them
into my ears. I was abont to call them
militant suffragettes, but checked myself
in time, and began whistling to keep my
courage up. They mistook the noise for a
cry of distress, for, with a " Mind you
don't do it again," they returned to their
hive.

I have a mind to try it again on another
hive, for I have an idea that bees keep a
few drones through the winter as food for
tits. If this can be proved, it will be
another sign of the reasoning power of
the little insects we love so well. — E. F.
Hemming.

*'Isle of Wight" Disease.

ONE OF ITS CAUSES.

To all the writers who so kindly asked
for the quick issue of this promised article
I would respectfully ask them to accept
my sincere thanks for their appreciation
of my last article. To those who wrote in
sympathy, after the accident which de-
layed this article, I can only say, " Thank
you."

From England's ovitposts of bee-keeping
to city gardens, all hopes are centred in
the finding of a clue towards a solution of
this all important question. We have
available in the back issues of The
British Bee Journal valuable data con-
tributed hj keen and careful observers,
which isheing sifted and tested by anxious
investigators and students in pathology,
in the hope of finding, " One of its
causes." To every true lover of his bees
the three letters "I.O.W." sums up the
climax of a bitter tragedy, a shattered
hope. The writer of this article has
drunk from that cup, even to the dregs,
and so towards a theory as to its cause,
groping, as it were, in the dark, I have for
three years waded with a sad heart
through the litter of dead and dying
stocks, prompted by hopeful research and
the continuous desire of finding a true
clue. Have I succeeded? My readers will
answer, I hope, after an impartial study
of my theory. I will answer, that my re-
sults obtained last summer, confirm with-
out any trace of doubt, that we are in pos-
session of the key factor, with which we
shall in due season solve that important
problem represented in the symbolical
triangle of Cause, Effect, Result.

Having under close ohservation a ten-
frame stock, in a hive so constructed that
all four sides and floor board Tvere of
glass, gave me a unique opportunity of
careful, continuous study. The stock was
headed by one of Penna's 1919 queens,
and "was undoubtedly of a fine strain. As
all ten combs were full of brood, the queen
with two comhs of uncapped brood was
lifted up into the centre of the next lift
of partly drawn-out comb. This was re-
peated three times, when what we know
as " Isle of Wight " disease manifested
itself by throwing out hundreds of
crawlers. This text-book method of secur-
ing a stock, rich in brood, was done with
a deliberate purpose, na-mely, that of
creating under observation all thp known
symptoms of that dread malady which we
know too well. And it succeeded so well
that witliin 21 days a cluster of from 50-
100 bees with a lovely queen, was left on 40
standard combs of decaying larvae and
dead, half-hatched bees. From such a
conclusive and definite experiment there
stands out this glaring fact, that a hiva

Jan. 22. 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

41

so manipulated is held up as an example
of successful bee-keeping — a triumph of
modem methods. No greater fallacy was
ever preached, and its accomplishment is a
direct challenge to Nature's laws of repro-
duction. For we must remember that
although the queen lays the egg, the bees
nurse that speck of latent life into being.
And knowing the exhaustive effects that
abnormal reproduction in the animal world
shows in the parent, we can imagine
somewhat the condition of the nurse bees,
who are the true parents of an abnormal
stock created against their natural desire,
but which they will continue to nurse until
overtaken by that crawling death, the
result of being true to that wonderful
sense of responsible parenthood and loyalty
to home. Here we arrive at a new, and
hitherto unexamined, theory. That the
nurse bees, and not the field bees, are the
first victims, which is further proved by
the abnormal amount of pollen found in
the -first crawlers when examined under
the powerful microscope owned by Dr.
I(,owe, of Leicester, and especially men-
tioned by Dr. Rennie. Immediately we
ask, "How, and for what reason should
the nurse bee, be the first to show any
signs of this scourge? " My experiments
give this answer. Search the back num-
bers of The Bbitish Bee Journal, to the
first report printed of loss through " Isle
of Wight" disease, and note this remark
which the writer emphasises : " My
strongest stock was the first to throw out
crawlers." When you are alone, and can
review this statement calmly and un-
biassed, let your thoughts couple it with
the following.

Sifting all available evidence I would
present to my readers for careful study
and thought, an altogether new theory as
to the cause, and leading up to the period
' when crawling begins. It may raise a
storm of ridicule and opposition, and I
may bo denounced as prejudiced against
the advancement of our craft. So be it.
But time will prove that I am no skepist
advocate, neither an advance agent for
some freak hive, but just a postman keeper
of bees, the well-being of whose hobby is
not sacrificed in trying to thwart Nature,
nor its pleasures summed up in so many
bottles of honey.

Brood changing, by Nature's wonderful
laws, from the egg into the perfect bee,
permits through the porous cap provided
by tho bees over the cell, a certain amount
of air impregnated with gases evolved
in the proces.«! of change. The air in a
hive, with countless cells of brood beyond
the inclination of the bees, becomes abnor-
mally charged with a vapour of minute
floating matter, at a temperature which
makes it ideal for the incubation of that
organism (call it what we like) which

blocks, by growth, the air passages of the
bees. This favourable atmosphere, with
the nurse bees' lowered vitality, soon de-
velops into an advanced stage, with all its
attendant symptoms. Many of my readers
will remark, "Oh! that's a wonderful
theory ; but can you prove it? " I answer,
that its proof can be found in the files of
The British Bee Journal, where cures
are reported by using Izal, Bacterol.
Formalin, sulphur, etc. And how were
those cures effected ? Not by the washing
of the bees, nor the administration of
drugged honey, but by cleansing the air
in the hive, and by a partial and small
suffocating effect, causing the bees to
inhale rapidly through the air passages,
breaking down that state of "mucous
membrane " growth, with air impregnated
with a vapour of powerful disinfectant,
which relieves for a period. As a conclud-
ing suggestion, is not this theory further
strengthened by the repeatedly-noted fact,
that " Isle of Wight" disease is increased
in virulence during periods of damp
weather, which, in my opinion, accounts
for its rapid development in Great
Britain, with its damp and ever-changing
climate, as compared with the isolated
cases reported in other countries. If this
article results in advancing our knowledge
towards finding a cure, I have achieved
something, the knowledge of which will
serve, to heln the writing of the last
article, which, with the editors' permis-
sion, shall be, "Isle of Wight" Disease,
"One of its Cures." — Rich. L. Edwards.

Questions, etc., for Bee-keepers
for Self-Examination.

453. How may a swarm box be made,
and how can it be used for queen-rearing?

454. Suggest a method by which old
combs may be cleared of accumulations of
cocoons.

455. Mention some of the methods used
for fixing foundation in wired frames.

456. What is the minimum temperature
of an ordinary colony of bees in winter?

457. How should a queen be taken up
and held in the fingers?

458. What is the colour, in each case, of
pollen obtained from gorse, poppy, goose-
berry, hawthorn, and buttercup?

459. How is propolis conveyed by bees
into the hive?

460. What work is due to bo performed
in an apiary in the month of January?

461. Who is required under the Bee
Pest Prevention (Ireland) Act, 1908, to
give notification of the presence of foul
brood in an apiary, and to whom is the
notification to be given?

462. Make notes for a 15-minute lecture
on " Bee-keeping as a Pursuit or Occupa-
tion for Women," J. Lr B.

43

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 22, 1920.

Stray Notes, Comments and
Questions.

Bees recognising owners. — -Be Mr. Lytli-
goe's remarks on this point. I do not at
present think that bees do recognise their
keeper as some-one, or some object who is
harmless, or otherwise. I have had in-
stances in my experience in which bees
which have been considered by their
owners spiteful and cross, have behaved
like lambs with m© w4iom they had never
seen before. I am inclined to think that
they are largely influenced in their likes
and dislikes of individual humans by their
sense of smell. I know so^me people who
dare not go near anybody's hives, or they
would immediately be chased away by
angry bees, such persons doubtless emit-
ting an odour bees do not like. That some
smells excite them is, I think, certain.
Notably the smell of freshly-cut young
grass, which gives a smell (especially in
showery weather) very like the formic
acid of their stings. The whole subject
opens a wide field for speculation. Per-
haps bees instinctively know a master
when they see (or smell) him, as animals
tindoubtedly often do. Who can tell ? We
^all probably never know for certain
until some super-bee writes his (or her)
arutobiography. — D, T. Hemming, Run-

Native Bees.

I am glad to see from your columns
that natives have still a few admirers, if
not' champions. Mr. Kettle even gives
them a good word now and then. Is not
one of your correspondents mistaken in
thinking that the brown variety were in-
troduced not so many years ago? Some
may have been then introduced, but I
tiiihk they must have been in force long
before, for in our village^on the edge of
Sherwood Torest — nigh on fifty years ago,
they were all "browns," and there were
a many of them ; and some few years
later, when I was doing expert work, and
afterwards, they were all brown natives
between Nottingham and Kiveton Park in
Yorks. I believe I saw them in every
parish between, and a good few each side,
especially on the eastern side as far as the
borders of Lincolnshire. The darker ones
which we used to see at shows were mainly
south-countrv bees, I believe. The darkest
— almost blacks — came from Truro in
Cornwall. These "browns" were as good
in all jpbints as could be wished for. The
queens' were very prolific, as they would
keep ten standard frames of comb full of
brood from top to bottom, and corner to
corner for several months during the
height of the season, and were practically
non-swarmers if given room enough. In

1887, from thirty-three colonies I took
over 33 owt. honey, about half of it in
sections. (See advt. same year, Queens,
Fertile, 2s. 6d. each.) During several
years previous to, and after 1887, I sent
out several hundred queens. 1886 was a
bad honey season^ but a good breeding one.
Had more than one swarm that season,
biggest of which scaled just over 13 lbs.
This lot left six racks of sections (126 sec-
tions), and ten combs of brood, -even out-
side combs being brooded right up to top
and down to bottom bars. This speaks for
the prolificness of the queen. Most of the
above-mentioned sections were not even
drawn out, but all before swanning were
simply packed with bees.

If "Isle of Wight" disease has not
cleared them out there should still be
some of these " browns " in the Dukeries,
for many of the old oaks there were occu-
pied by stray swarms of them. Now, as
to the native bee being more susceptibly
to " Isle of Wight " disease than others,
Is this really so? The Dutch were im-
ported as being " Resisters," but are found
on experience not to be so. The Italians
— I scarce dare write it — are, in niy
opinion, doubtful, and I know I am not
singular in that. With me for several
seasons the iirst to show the disease were
Italian hybrids. It appears to me that
where a neighbourhood is fairly rotten
, with colonies which have died of disease,
where a number of such disease centres
are in roofs and hollow trees, to say noth-
ing of hives in similar condition left open,
no strain is more immune than another.
Three years ago I had three lots of driven
bees from Pickering, Yorks. I put them
on combs containing honey from colonies
which I had destroyed through showing
unmistakably the "Isle of Wight"
disease. In November these driven lots
got at a pile of combs of similar quality
and cleared them out. At the time there
were within a few yards of them two
twelve-frame hives which had for some
little time shown the disease. I did not
have time to attend to them for about a
fortnight, and when i did go to them
found both lots dwindled to a few hundred
bees in each. Being just about " fed up,"
I said, " Here goes," and sweeping every
bee off caref ullv I put two combs from each
hive, which each contained a patch of
hatching brood about the size of my hand,
intb centre of the hives of driven bees,
two combs going into one, one into each of
the others. The bees were hatching out
before my eyes at the time. These three
colonies came out healthy, and strong in
the spring following, and did remarkably
well that year.

Through having to move I sold all out.
One of them was left in the village and
gave a fair quantity of honey, arid three
or four swarms, and the year aftfer it fend

Jan. 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUlTyAL.

43

its STvarms practically set tlie whole lot of
bee-keepers in the village on their feet
again. Unfortunately the " Isle of
Wight " disease came round again last
autumn, and cleared nearly all out once
more. I am not grinding my axe in writ-
ing in favour of natives, for I have no
bees now. One trait they had which now-
adays many would consider a bad one,
' and that was as soon as the honey season
was over, say, end of July, breeding
would be curtailed, even if queen was a
late young one. It was surprising the
small quantity of stores which would carry
a stock through. If a skep weighed any-
thing like fourteen pounds in September
it was considered safe for wintering. I
have known many a one weigh pounds less
than that even, and still live through and
swarm early without feeding.

The Pickering bees were pure natives,
of a rather darker strain. Good honey
gatherers all. From one colony of same
strain and an artificial swarm from them
I, in 1916, extracted 280 lbs. honey (not
so bad for the despised native), and left
sufficient for winter and spring stores. —
" Robin Hood."

Cowal Bee-Keepers* Association.

The usual monthly meeting of this
Association, which was held in the hall
of the U.F. Church, Sandbank, on Friday
evening, December 26, took the form of
a social. Notwithstanding the unfavour-
able weather, there was a good attendance
of members and friends. Mr. John Thom-
son, President, occupied the chair. After
tea.

The Chairman ,in his remarks, spoke
of the aims of the Association and the
many advantages of membership.

Mr. Donald Macdonald, Millhouse, ex-
pert for Argyll of the Scottish Bee-
keepers' Association, in an interesting
address, gave a number of seasonable
hints to bee-keepers and prospective bee-
keepers.

The Secretary (Rev. C. C. Stewart,
Dron) moved a resolution, notice of which
had been given at last meeting, urging
the Government to legislate for the pre-
vention and checking the spread of bee
diseases.

The resolution was unanimously
adopted, and the Secretary was instructed
to forward copies to the Prime Minister,
Sir William Sutherland, M.P., and the
Secretary of the Ministry of Agriculture.

Mr. Macdonald was appointed official
expert to the Association.

•The Secretary submitted a report on
the Association. At its institution oii
A'Tigust 28 15 members were enrolled.
At the first regular meeting in October
tlte liiembetshijj' vfr^s 19, itt November it

had increased to 30, and now it stood at
46. When the whole of Cowal had been
overtaken he hoped to see it one of the
strongest Associations in Scotland. Its
progress had been remarkable, and new
members were constantly being enrolled.
The low annual subscription of one shil-
ling made it possible for all to join, and
the advantages of being members offered
a strong inducement.

During the evening solos were rendered
by Mr. John Thomson, jun., Mr. James
Macdonald, Mr. Malcolm Wilkie, and Mr.
George Gilmour ; while Mr. Tom Thom-
son gave a recitation. Mrs. Dick and
Miss Henderson accompanied on the
American organ.

The meeting closed with the usual votes
of thanks and the singing of a verse of
" Auld Lang Syne." — Communicated.

Report on Bee-Keeping Lecture
at Wolverhampton.

On Tuesday, at 7 p.m., January 6,
at the Woodfield Av. Schools, Mr. J.
Price, the well-known bee expert of
Stafford, gave a very interesting and in-
structive leeture on liee-keeping, aided by
lantern slides. Although the audience
was small, it was a very appreciative one.
Mr. Price put his lecture to those present
in a very clear and simple way, no doubt
bearing in mind the number of schoolboys
present, who learnt quite a lot of useful
things. If all the fruit growers in the dis-
trict had been there, the lecture would
have proved as interesting to them as it
did to the bee-keepers present, as Mr.
Price proved how important a place the
bee takes in the production of fruit. At
the end of the meeting a vote of thanks to
Mr. Price was passed on the proposition
of Mrs. Bradley of Penn Fields, seconded
by Mr. Walton, also of Penn Fields, for
his very instriictive lecture. I am sure
when Mr. Price is this way again, those
people who do not know anything about
Idccs will be interested, as well as the bee-
keepers, as there are many things in the
life of a bee appertaining to our own lives
in the way they manage the aflfairs of the
hive. Bee-keeping is also a very paying
concern, as proved by Mr. Price, when he
stated that 50 bee-keepers within a five-
mile radius of Dudley had, between them,
in one season four tons of honey, which
proves that if this can be done in a district
like Dudley, those in the country should
certainlv do better. — W. M. Roe.

Honey Imports.

The registered value of honey impoi-ted
into the United Kingdgm during the
month of December, 1919, was £22,993.—
From a return furnished by the Statistical
Office, H.M. Customs.

44

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 22, 1920.

Remedy for Ants.

[10109] In the British Bee Journal of
January 1, page 7. No. 10076, one of your
readers asked remedy for ants. A certain
remedy is black, or white, pepper. White
pepper, however, is best, as it is stronger.
The pepper is ix> be strewed under and
around the hives, and when the hives are
like the W.B.C., it should also be strewed
between the walls and upon the covers —
which I know by own experience. This
remedy may perhaps help your corre-
spondent.

Please let me know the results after ap-
plication.— G. H. Tenwisse, Oss, Holland.

The Apis Club.

[10110] I was very pleased to see your
editorial in The Bee Journal for Decem-
ber 25.

An institution such as the " Apis
plub " and a paper such as the Bee.
World should have the willing support of
all bee-keepers who have a sincere desire
to see their craft developed to the utmost
extent. The Bee World can hardly hope
ever to be anything like self-supporting,
and unless we bee-keepers support it, not
only by writing for it and reading it, but
by generous subscriptions to the Apis
Club in order to help those who are pro-
ducing this paper to carry it on, it can-
not be a success. At present the whole
deficit — which is a heavy one — is being
borne by a few men' who have the
interests of bee-keeping in our country at .
heart, and it is now up to all those who
appreciate the Bee World to help. No
one can expect to have a pajjer such as
this delivered to them for a few pence
per copy. I therefore appeal to all asso-
ciations to make some effort to help in
this work, and also private individuals
should do their bit. If all help, even a
little, I feel sure the producers will be
able to carry on this most valuable and
interesting paper, which links the l)ee-
keepers of all nations together. Unless
bee-keepers are willing to put their
hands in their pockets and help a bit, I
feel that we cajinot expect that it will
be possible for the paper to continue for
long.

Already the deficit is, I believe, heavy,
and it cannot be expected that those re-
sponsible can go on piling deficit on
deficit as each number is produced.

This paper is not, and was not intended
to be, a commercial proposition. I appeal
to all those who can help to do so. —
RoBT. B. Manley.

Bee Legislation.

[10111] I am very much surprised that
the opponents to legislation have not given
us something more satisfactory than what
has already appeared in response to your
invitation.

Evidently all the " Nots," so far, are
quite satisfied' with the present state of
affairs. They are having a delightful
time with their bees, and wishing for
nothing better than to be allowed to go
plodding on as before. Can any reason-
ably-minded bee-keeper, who has any
knowledge whatever of disease and the
extent to which the bee-keeping industry
has been devastated the last few years,
imagine for a moment that bee-keeping is
in such a glorious condition as to be
allowed to go on as before?

Not one single reply has contained an
alternative to legislation that will remedy
or revive the present state of bee-keeping.
Personally, I am all for legislation, be-
cause I fail to isee anything else which will
rid us of the present nightmare to bee-
keepers. By legislation we get —

(1) Control of bee diseases; not, as some
seem to imagine, control of healthy bees.

(2) Protection from careless bee-keepers.
For the benefit of both sides I give my

views on what I would like to see if
diseases or bees were controlled.

(1) Compulsory registration of all bee-
keepers.

(2)An order issued to make it a penal
offence for allowing any infectious mate-
rial, such as combs, etc., to be accessible
to bees.

(3) An order issued at once making
" Isle of Wight " disease notifiable.

(4) An order that nO' stocks of bees
should be removeid from their present
locality without a permit.

Someone may ask, " How do I think this
would work out?" And I herewith give my
views, hoping if yours, Mr. Editor, are
contrary you will give your reasons.

As to No. 1, there should be no difficulty.
Simply niake the present voluntary regis-
tration scheme (for bee food) compulsory,
nnd tbo same authorities, tbe " Bee Com-
mittees," would deal with it. The same
authorities could also deal with No. 2, and
I holicvc this bugbear of present-day bee-
keeping woukl soon disappear, probably
without recourse to force, when it was
known that isuch carelessness was liable to
a penalty.

No, 8. An order issued making " Isle of
Wight *' disease notifiable does not neces*

Jan. 22, 1920. THB BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

45

sarily mean that every bee-keeper's
premises would be invaded by an inspector
immediately the law came in force. No.
It means that when ,suspected cases were
reported an inspection would be necessary,
and precautions would be needed to pre-
vent the disease from spreading to other
stocks and apiaries.

This does not mean wholesale destruction
of apparently healthy stocks in the same
neighbourhood, or even apiary. Far
from it. The district would be scheduled
as an infected area, and a Avatcli would be
kept for any subsequent outbreaks.

On paper, No. 4 would, for a time, be
hard on dealers, and heather men would
probably feel it for a season,- but in prac-
tice it would only affect those having had
a recent outbreak of disease or those re-
siding in infected areas.

Those possessing only healthy stocks
would easily secure the necessary permit
for removal.

These are my views and suggestions, as
seen from a long experience in visiting
apiaries, and I fancy all supporters of
legislation will consider them fair.

At the same time I shall be interested to
see if our friends in opposition can offer us
something better as an alternative. — J.
Price, Staffs.

[Our correspondent's long experience as
a touring expert makes his remarks inte-
resting and valuable. There is no doubt
that " Joe " hits straight from the
shoulder, and that he has the confidence
and backing of every bee-keeper in each
county in which he has toured. We think,
however, it would be a mistake to specify
" Isle of Wight " disease, or we would be
in the same fix as Irish bee-keepers, who
have an Act dealing with foul brood, biit
that does not apply to " Isle of Wight ' '
disease. — Eds.]

[10112] As a constant reader of your
valuable Journ.\l, I have been greatly
interested in your readers' different views
re " Bee Legislation," and for my own
part I am with you every time in favour
of it. I am by no means a learned bee-
keeper, but I am a lover of bees. I kept
a few stocks beforfe the war, getting a
swarm from a boss of mine as a present
when only fifteen years of age, because
I was always giving him a help amongst
his bees, of which he had over twenty
stocks. Hofwever, on being discharged
from the Army as unfit three years ago,
I found my bees were all dead, like the
most of those around here, from " Isle of
Wight " disease, so I got another swarm
ifrom a man who was fortunate to have
his spared, and had very good luck with
them until last siimmer, when a swarm
came off, ^rhicli my wife was able to fol-

low, when, to her joy but to my horror,
they went into an open hive, the bees in
which had been affected and died with the
disease the previous year, and the hive
had been left as it was. However, I took
them off, and placed them by themselves
in the garden, where they seemed to be
doing all right until the early winter,
when I saw signs of crawlers, which I
understood was a sure proof that they were
affected. Well, I left them as they were
for some time, not knowing what to do for
the simple reason, lack of knowledge, and
you need not ask the. result — they were
soon all dead. Now, had there been any
bee-keeper or inspector wlio knew his
work, I could have reported to him for
advice at the first signs, and might have
saved them. I will say no more, but push
on with "Bee Legislation," not only for
the big man, but the small one, and also
for the population in general. — Geo.
Roger Gordon.

P.S.— T may mention the man who first
started me with bee-keeping is now mak-
ing his living as a bee expert in" Canada.
— G. R. G.

[10113] In opening the columns of your
paper for a frank discussion of the ques-
tion of " Bee Legislation," you have given
the bee community a revelation in draw-
ing forth the letter from the " Shefl&eld
Bee-Master," who states what he has
done, and what he will do again, to hinder
the progress of bee legislation. With this
knowledge, the British bee-keeprs should
use every opportunity in fighting the indi-
vidual monopolist. In the days gone by,
the biggest bee-keeper was generally the
biggest opponent, and often the greatest
menace to a district.

Two of the greatest bee-keepers I have
known in this district, I will give as an
example of this menace. In a village not
20 miles from Salisbury an apiary was
situated on the sunny side of the village,
but was kept in a deplorable condition.
About 80 stocks were kept, scattered over
a plot of ground about 50 yards by 40
yards the bees were hived in every pos-
sible type of receptacle. It looked as if in
the beginning a stand had been erected
with a few bar-frame hives knocked up
from any class of wood without any idea
of shape or style. Bees don't wait, and
evidently quick happenings hacl come
about, and the bee-master had to resort
to the general village store dealer (rather
than the bee appliance dealer), and old
skeps, tea diests, butter boxes, lard
buckets, with sundry coverings of old
bags, strips of corrugated iron, old bis-
cuit tins knocked out flat, made up the
general medley of this apiary of many
years' standing. In the front of the

46

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 22, 1920.

ground a shack was erected of wood of old
boxes. The industrious bee-keeper had
put his best work into this structure, but
it was neither bee proof nor weather
proof. This was the honey shed, where
the ^ process of squeezing honey was
carried on, and destined for our busy
centres by the hundredweight lot as pure
honey. Disease was in tliis apiary in
many types and stages, and could go on
without check or hindrance. Simall bee-
keepers could be robbed out, and disease
carried to their hives, but the"se 80 stocks
could go on; even if he lost 40 during
the winter, he could soon make up his loss
in swarming. This " bee-mas(ter " I was
informed was opposed to legislation, and
I believe a letter was inserted from him
in the B.B.J. I sent over several times
to get a, photo of the apiary, but was re-
fused such a privilege. (The late
Junior Editor will refresih his memory.
He visited this bee dump cRdth the writer
in the year 1911.)

The other big bee-keeper was a farmer,
who often had 200 stocks scattered in
every part of his farm. It seemed wher-
ever a swarm settled that was the place
for them to be hived and stay; under
trees, in rickyards, under hedges, in the
ploughed fields, in gardens — anywhere and
everywhere one would come across bees in
old skeps and boxes covered with grass
and weeds. The "Isle of Wight" dis-
ease finished this bee-keeper. When ad-
vised to get into the modern way of keep-
ing bees, be would say, " My bees bring
me honey, and costs little money, and I'm
not going to have smart people to teach
me anything about bee-keeping, and have
hives that they could open and see what
honey I'm getting." Now, sirs, if these
types of men are going to decide the
future of bee-keeping, what about the
hundreds of others in a smaller way? The
question, is, ought one bee-keeper of 150
stocks to have the same consideration in
pressing his views as 100 modern bee-
keepers with one or two stocks each and
working on modern and intelligent
methods? Our country is ruled by the
majority, not by money, or propertv
values, but by individual votes ; and each
individual bee-keeper, be he either a small
or large stockor, should be considered on
equal' terms. — Yours in the fight, J. E
PiNPER, Salisbury.

[The late -Junior Editor says he well
remembers the visit referred to, and the
long cycle vide in scorching hot sun.
Yes, indeed, it was an ideal example of
"A Not for Legislation." As the Irish-
man said, " The entrance out " of the
hives was in every joint. As an example
of an a-piary demoralised by robbing it
could not be beaten.]

Weather Report.

Wkstbourne, December, 1919,

Rainfall, 5-47 in.

Heaviest fall, -97 in.
on 15th.

Rain fell on 27 days.

Above average, I-98in.

Maximum tempera-
ture, 54 on 22nd.

Minimum tempera-
ture, 25 on 1st.

Minimum on grass, 21
on 9th and 10th.

Frosty nights, 8.

Mean maximum, 47*9.
Mean minimum, 36 "3.
Mean temperature.

42 1.
Above arerage, 2 •2.
Maximum barometer,

30-292 on 20th.
Minimum barometer.

29-146 on 31st.

L. B. BiRKETT.

Suspected Disease.

S. V. Doughty (Polkingham), B. E. C. (Stratford).
— We are unable to say cause of d«ath

Miss L. G. (Shifnal).— Our opinion is " I.O.W."
disease. Bees have been kept in London, and
given a little surplus. We have taken filled
fiections from an observatory hive near the
Marble Arch. The honey was from the lime
trees.

Miss Pratt (Renfrew).) — We are sorry the bees
were affected with " I.O.W." disease. We
admire your pluck under such discouragement,
and trust you may have succt.'is in the future.
We shall be pleased to hear from you again
as to progress.

E. C. Faipclotjgh (Lanes.).— The cause of death
was " I.O.W." disease. It would be an advan-
tage ito requeen. You might extract the homey
from the combs, and disinfect them, but it is
safer to burn them.

F. Sttjbbs (Brecon).— " I.O.W." disease. The hives
will be safe if disinfected as you suggest.

W. K. (Wandsworth).— We think the bees are
natives, but it is practically imoossible to dis-
tinguish between natives and Dutch. We do
not find any disease

J. J. DvKES (Kent).— (1) Dysentery. (2) Only keep
them warm and dry for the present. Later,
when it is safe to move combs, treat as sug-
ges.ted, Dp. 783-4 of "Ouide Book."

"'Nn-vTcy" (Eoxfield).— We do not find any
" I.O.W." disease. Do not disturb beesi m
present.

Special Prepaid Advertisements-
one Penny per Word.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for threes or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVEBTXSEMEirrS.

WANTED, for scientific purposes, a few live
Bees from diseased or dwindling stocks;
cages sent and expense® paid.— SNELGROVE,
Quadrant, W6ston-super.-Miare. a.ll

EXPERT BEE-KEEPER required; experienced
in forming nuclei, etc. State particulars and
salary expected.— Box 59, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street. Strand, W.C.2. a.28

Jan. 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

47

21 CWTS. Pure Lmcolnehire Honey, 14 and 28-lb.
2 tins— R. N. CHAPMAN. 24. Strait Bargate,
Boston. a. 29

CHEAP APPLES.— For one week I am offering
75-lb. lots of Bramley'e. Graham's (sweet) and
Lane's Prince Alberts at 22s. 6d. per lot, carriage
paid England and Walee, in returnable boxes. All
are crisp, and will keep well. Casb with order.—
NELSON, West Farleigh, Maidstone. a.30

FOR SALE, 2 cwt. guaranteed pure Light Eng-
lish Honey, 2 cwt. Medium, good quality,
1 cwt. Dark. Will accept £8 cwt. to clear.- Pear
Tree House, Wilburton, Cambs. a. 31

IN " INTENSIVE BEE-KEEPING " we advocate
a general post in the apiary jn the spring.
In an apiary of 12 stocks, and mdving one stock
per day, how many changes are possible? Use 12
playing cards, or a pencil and some paper.-
SMITH, 50, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. a.32

FOR SALE, a small quantity of nice flavoured
Light Honey, granulated, quite solid, in 7,
14 and 28-lb. tins; prices. 13s., 22s. 6d. and 43s.
respectively, free on rail, packed in returnable
crate.- R. B. MANLEY, Brightwell, Wallingford.

a.33

FOR SALE, about 50 Hives of Bees; inspection
invited. Cause of sale, 'ill-health.- F.
MARTIN, W. Wittering, Chichester. a.54

FOR SALE, 'Taylor's Observation Hive, with ten
frames, sections, non-swarming chamber under
brood nest, used one season, £2 2s.— MISS TONKS.
Sutton Coldfield. r.a.35

WANTED, strong Stocks Italians, 1919 imported
Queens; delivery April.— WALKER, Brynl-
lithrig, St. Asaph. a.41

WANTED, 7- and 14-lb. syrup lever-lid Tins,
empty, equal new.— BDRGOYNE, Assistant
Overseer, Lyonshall, Herefordshire. a.42

WANTED, to purchase, well-stocked Skeps.—
HOPPER, JUNR., Fair View, Kidlington,
Oxon. a. 43

GLEANINGS," 1915, 12 copies, 2s.; 20 "Ameri-
can Journals," 3s.; Dadant's "Lessons in
Bee-keeping," 5s. 6d.; Millar's "Thousand Ques-
tions Answered," 5s. 6d.; Simrains' Book, 5s. 9d.,
free.— BOWEN, Pittville Street, Cheltenham, a.44

31. LBS. BEESWAX, 8s.; l-frame Observatory
2 Hive, polished walnut, 50s.; 5 dozen new
Metal Dividers, 9s.. carriage paid; 1 gross 1-lb.
and i-lb. Screw Honey Bottles, without caps, 36s.,
carriage forward.— MATTHEWS, 25, Cray Road,
Crockenhill, Swanley, Kent. a. 45

C A VIES. —Prize-bred Golden Agoutis. — Par-
ticulars from HODSON, Harley Lodge,
Enfield. a. 46

ONE CWT. Pure Cambridgeshire Honey, in
14-lb. tins. Is. 6d. per lb.; 12 lbs. fine quality
Beeswax.— R. WHITTING, Manea. a.47

PURE light Cambridgeshire Honey, 14-lb. tins,
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. tins, 42s.; tins free; sample 4d.
—J. YOUNGER, 6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge.
r.a.5

WANTED, new Cycle Chain, 1 in. pitch by i
and 5 ft. 6 in. long, twin roller, or block.—
Price to A. J., B.B.J. Office, 23. Bedford Street,
Strand, W.C.2. x.32a

THE GRAMOPHONE RECORD EXCHANGE
will exchange Records 56. dozen; return
postage free.— Address, 6, Rood Lane, London.
Particulars stamp. x.28

WT> pi HIVE, new; one Bristol Hive, good
• iJ.V^. condition.— BRETTELL, Pedmore,
Stourbridge, Worcestershire. r.a.l9

COR RB SPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING. Golden Square, Hen-
field, Sussex. rw.31

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HEMPSALL.
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lis., post
free; one Wood Milne Motor Foot Pump, 45s..
carriage free; one 760 x 90 Cover, 15s., carriage
free; one small Motor Horn, 6s., post free.—
HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

BUSUTESS ADVERTISEMENTS,
lid. per word.

ITALIAN and Hybrid 4-frame Nuclei, 1920
Queens, £5 5s.; Hybrid Swarms, 10s. lb.;
Fertile Queens, Ma,y-June lOs. 6d., July-August-
September, 8s. Strongest and best honey gatherers
in the country. All orders booked in rotation; £1
deposit, balance on delivery.— THOMAS CHITTY,
Burleigh Farm, Cassington, Oxon. a.36

FEW" ITALIAN NUCLEI from 1919 Penna
Queens, 3 frames, 50s.; delivery June-July;
boxes 10s. extra, returnable.— LEWIS. J. P., Clar-
beston Road, Pem. r.a.57

BEES ON APPROVAL.— We guarantee our Bees
and Queens to give complete satisfaction.
Special terms to disabled men. Catalogue 5d.,
which will be returned on first order.— PEARSON
& GALE, Marlborough. a^

ITALIAN NUCLEI (Adminson strain) now being
booked, delivery end of May onwards, 1920
Queens, price 5 gs. ; boxes 10s. 6d. extra if not
returned.— MAYES, 79. Pembroke Road, Clifton,
Bristol. a^

STRONG STOCKS of Bees, guaranteed, on 7
frames, with pure selected Italian Queens,
1920: orders booked in rotation for delivery from
beginning of June; price £5, carriage paid; travel-
ling, box 10s. extra, which is returned. Cash with
order, or 25s. deposit and balance by Miay 25.—
MISS F. E. PALING. Golden Square. Henfield,
Sussex. a^

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 5-frame, young Queens, £3;
boxes 7s. 6d., returnable; Fertile Queens,
10s. 6d.; Virgins, 6s. 6d.; Simmins' and Penna 's
strain.— WATTS, Conway Cottage. Newtown,
Parkstone, Dorset. r.a.48

ITALIAN QUEENS and 5-frame Nuclei.— Insure
against disappointment by getting your Queens
and Bees from a place where " I.O.W." has never
existed. Orders now booked for June and July
delivery.- S. CRAWFORD,"" Apiaries, Castlederg.
Co. Tyrone. r.a.25

HIVE MAKERS Wanted.— Apply, letters only,
stating age, experience, wages expected, to
LEE, Beehive Works, Uxbridge. Middlesex. a.l3

QUANTITY amber-coloured Granulated Honey
in 1-lb. glass jars at 21s. dozen, i-lbe. at lie. 6d.
dozen; also in tins, 7 lbs., lis.; 14 lbs., 20s. 6d.;
and 28 lbs., 57s. 6d.; carriage paid.— Apply,
MEADOW BROS.. Shirley Road. Shirley. Surrey.
r.a.lO

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

FINEST SECTIONS Or HONEY.

A large quantity for Sale at carriage paid prices,
either Plain or Glazed
IRISH RUN HONEY.
Severa) cwts. for Sale in quantities to suit cus-
tomers, at carriage paid prices in free tins and
cases.
CK)RI>ON ROWE,
Honey and Beeswax Packer,
28a, Moy Road, Cardiff.

48

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 22, 1920.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price Ust
for 1920 on application.— Address, E. PENNA,
Bologna. Italy. w.sg

Cbe metal foundation.

(Protected.)
For the benefit of readers of the JOURNAL
and the RECORD we have arranged with the
manufacturers of the Metal Foundation to
accept all orders received through our offices
at a consideration in the shape of a 25 per
cent, deposit to begin witn, and the balance
by mid-March, or prior to delivery, if earlier.
All orders are guaranteed by them to be
executed not later than April, 1920.
Prices :— (I) BRITISH STANDARD FRAME,
fully fitted with "worker"
Metal Foundation : Single,
28. 4d. ; per two dozens, 2s. 3d.
each frame ; per four dozens
and over, 2s. 2d. each frame.
(2) STANDARD SHEET of
"worker" Metal Foundation:
Single, 2s. ; per two dozens.
Is. lid. each sheet; per four
dozens, Is. lOd. each sheet.
Subject to a 5 per cent, discount to members of
the Apis Club.
Packing & Carriage Extra.
*j„* Since the Metal Foundation will be pro-
duced only to order, no order will be subject
to cancelling.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

XHF

BAZAAB, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The

'Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free rem —

VrlNDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

A Modern Bee Farm

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett)
Bee-keeping (Dr. E. P. Phillips)

beb-kxibping si1vepi.ifibd
for thb cottager aitb
smaij:<koi.i>br (w. Hebeod-

Hempsall, P.E.S.)

BBB-KBBPBBS' FRACTICAIi
NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

BRITISS BEE - KEEPERS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)
(paper covers oaly)

Dissectible Hlodel of Queen
Bee

FERTILISATION OF FRUIT
BlrOBSOMS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan)

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ...

Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks)

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock)

PROBUCING, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Seebod-Hempsall, F.E.S.)

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen)

Snelgrove's . JklJethod. of Re-
Queening

The " Townsend " Bee Book ...

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ...

Wilke's Book on Swarming ...
MISCELLANEOUS

Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee

The Lore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNEE EdwARDES)

The Humble Bee (F. W, L.
Sladen)

7/6

5/-

10/6

Postage
... 6d.
... 4d.
... 6d.

1/-
1/-
2/6

4/6

lid.

lid.
. 3d.

3d.

-/3 .

. Id.

-/6 .

. Id.

-/2 .

. Id.

5/-

2/-
1/6

6d.

3d.
2d.

-/6

.. Id

2/6

.. 2d

2/-

.. 2id

1/-

..lid

3/6

2/-
12/6

3d.
2d.

6d.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

23. BEDFORD STEEBT. STRAND. LONDON. W.C.8.

BEE FLOWER SEEDS.

CollectioE of six t>est Varieties, Is., post free.

Beautifully Illustrated Instructions Up-to-date,

Garden Guide, 64 pages, Free.

KNIGHT'S,

Seed Specialists,

Wolverhampton

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. HERROD-HEMFSALL, 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.

INSXJI^E YOUR STOCKS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "Yadil" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Sy.up.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a live-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

Tbe certain cure lor
and Preventative of
•'Isle of Wight" disease.

Maaufiotumd by "Baoterol"
MEmtBY & JAUBS, LTD., UEITLEY HOUSF

. __ ^ ^_ ,^ _, ^,„^ ^^ , Proved by Bee-keepers
RflLllrCrril generally after testing on
■-'^^^■^■^^^*- the most hopeless stock*.

Limited, London. N.*
^AJBRINOBOir ROAD. LOlTBOir, B.C.

Jan. 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BBE JOTTRNAL. iii

Dont Order "IV, 5. '* Queens until you have seen the
" Queenland'' Revised List for 1 920. 3id. post free

NUCLEUS STOCKS-Same Price as 1919.

The only Pedigree Bee-Stock Registered in direct line for more

than 25 years.

" AMALGA " is the name of our Queen breeding mother for 1920
" ALTA '• is the name of our Drone parent for 1920.

PRODUCE OF ONE NUCLEUS
REALISES OVER £40 *IN CASH.
" The three-frame nucleus I purchased
from you had increased last autumn to
two etrong stocks. I supered one on
April 23rd of this year, and the other a
few days later. I sold two swarms, and
made up the others to five stocks. Of
these I also sold three stocks. The
original lot gave 198 lbs. of honey, and
in all I have taken 365 lbs. My sales
amounted to over ±)41 in actual cash."

^MlSS) H. G. MOYSEY.

Somerset, Oct. 9th, 1918.

EXCEEDS 500 PER CENT. INTEREST.

" We have now 12 stocks to winter,
besides selling one, out of the two three-
frame nuclei supplied June 20th last year."
(August 15th, 1917). Miss B. D.

Quainton, Bucks.

THREE TO SEVENTEEN,
" It may interest you to know that the
three stocks to which I introduced your
queens (the only stocks saved in the
apiary) in 1916, produced in all 17 stocks,
and a good surplus in honey in 1917; this
under the care of my wife who knew
nothing about bees. I simply directed
her as to management from there
(France)." Oliver G. Pike.

April 9th, 1918.

FIRST AND BEST.

" Your White Star strain was the first
to enter the sections, and all the honey I
got was from them." G. H. S.

Heddon House Dairy.

APRIL 19th.— BOILING OVER.

" The hive is simply boiling over with
W. S. bees. They are at work when my
other stocks are idling, and they are
stronger than any of my other stocks."

Aberdare, Wales. E. T, W.

ARE THE W.S. PROLIFIC?

" In 1904 I got a W.S. queen from you,
and last year (1905) by the first week in
June she had brood in twenty-five stan-
dard frames." J. H.

Higher Kinnerton, Chester.

H
<
<
0

C

0

0

at

c

(8

u

0

>^
>

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NUCLEUS DELIVERED IN JUNE;
40 FRAMES BY AUGUST.

'* The three-frame nucleus of bees now
occupy 40 Standard Frames. They have
exceeded beyond anything I believed pos-
sible. I have never had anything like
them before, and if the other queens on
order turn out the same I consider my
fortune made." John Jones.

Llancarfan, Aug. 21st, 1918.

SEVERAL STOCKS FROM ONE
NUCLEUS.

" It seems almost ridiculous that this
nucleus of the previous season (Aug.),
before I was prepared for it, swarmed in
April, and I now have several stocks from
that investment." J. W. McKay.

Croydon.

EIGHT STOCKS FROM ONE W.S.

NUCLEUS.
" I now have eight stocks from the one
nucleus you supplied last year."

J. JOKSS.

Llancarfan, May, 1919.

BEST IN THE COUNTY— NEVER
SAW THE LIKE !
" May 26th. — The two queens you sent
me have exceeded anything that I ever
thought of. The stock chambers are full
and crammed with brood, and all three
supers crowded with bees; but even with
this tlie bees are boiling over. I have not
fed them at all, and have removed several
frames of brood for another lot. The
County Expert called yesterday, and said
he had never seen such bees, and they
were certainJy the best in Hampshire."

D. D. P.

NO SPRING-FEEDING, BUT AGAIN
FIRST.
" The W.S. bees on eleven 16 x 10
frames were full and boiling over at the
middle of May. and were the first to enter
supers out of 23 stocks ; and last, but not
least, they required no spring feeding."

U. W.
Arnold, Notts.

Revised 1920 "White Star" List, 3^d., of S. SIMIVIINS, Queenland, Heathfield, Sussex.

rr

THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAIi.

Jan. 22, 1920.

QUALITY,

The difference between a good bargain and a bad bargain
is not so much a matter of money as of quality.

AH our goods have the " Hallmark of Quality *' resulting in a large
clientele of SATISFIED customers. Does this mean anything to
you? If so, send for our large Illustrated Catalogue for 1920,

free on application.

R. STEELE & BRGDIE,
Bee Appliance Works, WOBMIT, FIFE, SCOTLAND.

THE UXBRIDGE W.B.C. HIVE.

We originally introduced this type of
W.B.C. Hive over twenty years ago,
and offered it for several years as
" Lee's Waterproof Cover." Bee-
keepers of those days did not care for
it. Hence it was withdrawn from our
list. We now offer it as illustrated.
Lifts and covers are square and
dovetailed.

Price, including stock box, ten
frames with ends and dummy, two
shallow frame boxes with eight frames
in each, 48/6. We will also supply
this hive without inside fittings, to
enable beekeepers to transfer existing
stocks to the new covers, for 30/-.
Carriage paid, 2/6 extra.

PROMPT DEUVERY.

JAME^S LE^E^ &* SON, I^XD.,

UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

The Kent Standard Model Hives & Appliances

TESTIMONIAL. May 12.

Dear Sir, — I have had an opportunity of comparing the material and workmanship
of your hives with others on the market, and in my opinion there is no sort of comparison
between the two, yours being altogether superior in every particular. — Yours faithfully,

5. y. BALDWIN. Stanley Road, Bromley, Kent.

BURTT, Gloucester, %.a«is.

New Illustrated Catalogue Free on apptication,

»aiKTTO BY THi Av«»Tj« Pebss (L. Upooii Gux I SoN, Ltd) 66-67, Sruex LiNi. LoMBOM, W.a, AM*

PUBLUHIB roa TBI PbOPEIBTOB (W. HnaOD-HlUPgALL). BY SiHrKIH, MiBSHAUi. HUOMO*.

E«i A Co., Lib., 31 A U, PiTBBNMtu Bow, B.C.

fiKiTiSH BsB JoOftMU. 1X0 Bn-KHPiU' ADTtMft, January 29, 1930.

MAR 8 - 1920

^

«J0^

|TWCovnjiTL5.|
HerapseJLTES

& JBcc-Jtr^ccpcrs
dldviscr.

e^WbekKr Journal Devoted to
the Interests o]

' Bee-Keepers.

^t

'^<io,

r5?of

mv^m

,JSSSSM»

N«. 1962. Vol. XLVIII

JANUARY 29, 1920.

[Published every Thundav, Price 2d.

coxtv

PAGE

Seasonable Hints 49

British Bee-keepers' Association 49

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 50

Jottings 51

Notes on Bee-keeping 52

page

Monmouthshire Bee-keepers' Association 52

WicKHAM Bishops and District B.K.A 52

Correspondence—

Bee Legislation 53

Notices to Correspondents ; . . 56

DO NOT LET YOUR BEES STARVE.

Use Taylor's Soft Candy

Mb. 1/6, post free ; 6-Ibs. 6/-, post free ;
12-lbs. 10/6 (12/- carriage paid, 12/- post free.)
SYRUP-7-lbs. 7/6 ; M-lbs. 12/- ; 28 lbs. 23/ SUGAR VOUCHER must b«

sent with order.

BEESWAX BOUGHT,

2/- lb. Cash, or 2/1 lb. allowed if taken out in goods.

Also Cleaned and Sterilised and made into Foundation.

No. 77. Compressed
NAPHTHAFORMA TABLETS,

TIm' Germ-killing Remedy for Foul Brood
1/9 Bottle, Post Free.

TAYLOR'S NEW REGISTERED
ZINC EXCLUDER

giving 50% freer access to supers

i6 X i6 squares 3/-, post 6d.
8-ft sheets 15/-, post i/-.

BACTEROL & YADIL,

For "Isle of Wight" Disease,

Bacterol, 2/6 per bottle, post 6d.
Yadil, 3/6 per bottle, post 6d.

Syrup should be fed medicated with above in

Taylor's Registered Feeder,

Specially designed for above cures,

Post free, 3/10

or Bottle of Bacterol and Feeder, 6/- post free

TAYLOR'S No. 12 IjIVE, Dovetailed, at 29/- Carriage Paid. In the Flat, 28/-

BEST VALUE IN HIVES EVER OFFERED.

NEW catalogue: for. 1920 POST FREE.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

u

THB BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 29, 192().

THE

British Bee JournaE

Established 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAN, F.I..S.. &c.,
and J. HERSOD-KEMPSAIiL, F.E.S.

Oorrespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SabMrlptionSt - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Hutfptnny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in' payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

Cbe metal foundation.

(Protected.)
For the benefit of readers of the JOURNAL
and the RECORD we have arranged with the
manufacturers of the Metal Foundation to
accept all orders received through our offices
at a consideration in the shape of a 23 per
cent, deposit to begin witn, and the balance
by mid-March, or prior to delivery, if earlier.
All orders are guaranteed by them to be
executed not /afer than April, 1920.
Prices :— (I) BRITISH STANDARD FRAME,
fully fitted with "worker"
Metal Foundation : Single,
2s. 4d. ; per two dozens, 2s. 3d.
each frame ; per four dozens
and over, 2s. 2d. each frame.
(2) STANDARD SHEET of
" worker " Metal Foundation :
Single, 2s. ; per two dozens.
Is. lid. each sheet; per four
dozens. Is. lOd. each sheet.
Subject tit) a 5 per cent, discount to members of
the Apis Club.

Packing & Carriage Extra.
•^1* Since the Metal Foundation will be pro-
duced only to order, no order will be subject
to cancelling.

Clarld^e's Famous
3-fraiiie Nuclei of
Pure Italian Bees,

still unsurpassed, bred from
selected vigorous strains, are
good tempered and easily
handled, yet the sort that " Get
the Goods."

Orders are now being booked,
but please don't all speak at once.

No Stocks or Swarms for Sale

The well-known "Claridge
Quality " nucleus has all three
frames crowded with brood —
(compare this with other offers
of so-called 3-frame nuclei) —
is guaranteed to be absolutely
healthy, and to give satisfac-
tion : headed by 1 920 Pure
Italian Queen.

On three British Standard
14 x8i frames -£330

^ Owing to the demand 1 had
last season for nuclei on Com-
mercial frames, I am offering
a limited number on the 16x10
frames, same quality and con-
dition as above.

On three Commercial
16 X 10 frames - £4 4 0

All carriage paid.
Boxes to be returned.

^ Customers are particularly
requested to note, that in spite
of the advance in cost of sugar
necessary for feeding, and the
probability of heavy increased
railway charges, I have not
raised my prices.

Full Price List, now in print, sent
on request.

F. M. CLARIDGE,

Copford Apiary, nr. Colchester.

The Highest Testimonial — 90 % of
my letters commence, " I have been
recommended to you . . . ."

J.an. 2^, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

19

Seasonable Hints.

So many colonies of bees die out during
the first three months of the year, owing
to a lack of food, that no apology is
needed for again drawing attention to
this matter. If there is any suspicion that
any colony is likely to be short of stores
they should be kept supplied with candy.
We have noticed in several papers that
give hints on bee-keeping it is recom-
mended to give flour in the candy. This
should not be done for at least three
weeks. When honey, or pure sugar, is
used as food by the bees during cold
weather there is very little waste to incom-
mode the intestines during the time the
bees are confined t-o the hive. by inclement
weather and are unable to take a " cleans-
ing flight," If they consume pollen, a
very , different state of affairs will result.
There is a considerable amount of waste
from the digestion of pollen, and unless
frequent flights are possible the health of
the bees will suffer. The same applies to
flour in candy, only with more force, as
the flour being mixed with the food the
bees are obliged to take it, whereas they
please themselves as to using the pollen
stored in the combs. Although we have
had mild weather in this part of the
country the last few weeks, winter is by no
means over. There is still time for several
weeks C(f wintry weather, and a consequent
long confinement of the bees to their hives,
therefore do not mix flour with candy until
there is at least a prospect of their being
able to fly at frequent intervals.

From several inquiries we have received,
it appears that a number of beginners
have been very much concerned at their
bees flying strongly on mild days. This
need cause no alarm As explained above,
it enables the bees to rid themselves of
accumulated fseces, and is beneficial to
them, but one word of caution. If it is
washing day when the bees are indulging
in a cleansing flight, advise the " gude
wife " not to hang clothes out to dry,
even within 40 yards of the hives, during
the time the bees are flying. Advantage
will also be taken on a mild day of the
opportunity of cleaning out the hive and
ridding the floor of those bees that have
died. A large or small number of these,
and also bits of cappings.and other ddbris
will be found on the ground in front of
the hives. The hives may also be plenti-
fully spotted with excrement, and some
old bees found chilled and ci-awling or
dying near the hives. There is nothing

abnormal in this, and it should not cause
undue alarm. Before the advent of
" I.O.W." disease no notice used to be
taken of these happenings; they were all
a matter of course, but we can quite
understand that now, when " soiling "
and " ci'awling " are the best known
symptoms of "I.O.W." disease these
things may cause uneasiness.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The Monthly Meeting of the Council was
held at 23, Bedford Street, Strand,
London, W.C.2, on Thursday, January 15,
1920.

Mr. W. F. Reid presided, and there
were also present: — Miss M. D. Sillar,
Messrs. G. Bryden, G. S. Faunch, G. J.
Flashman, T. Bevan, G. R. Alder, G. W.
Judge, J. Herrod-HempsaH, Association
representatives : P. E. Wagstaff (Herts),
R. R. Babbage (Middlesex), G. Thomas
(Gloucester), E. Ff. Ball (Bucks), Major
C.,C. Lord (Kent).

Lettei's of regret at inability to attend
were read from Messrs, T. W. Cowan,
C. L. M. Eales, J. B. Lamb, W. H.
Simms, F. W. Watts, F. W. Harper..

The Chairman referred to the sad loss
the Council had sustained through the
death of one of the members, Mr. J. N,
Smallwood, who had rendered great
service to the Association. A silent stand-
ing vote 'of sympathy to the widow and
family was passed.

The minutes of the previous meeting
were read and confirmed.

The following new members were
elected : — Lady Katharine Meade, Miss
M. Mack, Miss H. L. Beamond, Captain
C. G. M, Hatfield, Captain R, F.
Cuthbert, Messrs. R. B. Manley, H,
Cleaver, F. W. Miles, W. A. Robinson,
F. Richardson, C. D. Bartlett,

The following Associations nominated
representatives, and all were accepted :
Lady Katharine Bouverie (Salisbury and
District), C. Harrison (Cornwall), W,
Sanderson (Northumberland).

The report of the Finance Committee
was presented by Mr. G. Bryden, who
stated that the receipts for December
were ^32 8s. 4d., and the bank balance
on January 1 was £45 16s. 8d.

The report for 1919 was read and
adopted.

Arrangements were made for the annual
meeting in March,

The report on the Intermediate Exami-
nation was presented, and it was resolved
to grant certificates to the following : —
Mrs. M. K. Hodgson, Mrs. Llewelyn Mor-
gan, Mises D. Y. Knowles, A. D. Betts,

50

THE BRITISH BEE JOtrBNAL. Jan. 29, 1920.

E. H. Darney, N. Meston, I. K. Berridge,
Rev. W. P. Jones, Rev. G. Jones, Major
E. B. Wilkinson, Rev, A. Callo, Rev. W.
Murdocli, Dr. G. R. Strong, Messrs. A. T.
Hedger, R. Lloyd Roberts, A. Preston,
J. E. Pinder, J. G. Fletcher, D. E
Bonvonni, T. W. Cockerain, D. W.
Walters, C. H. Brown, E. F. Ledger,
E. D. Lowes, A. Fry, F. Tyler-Taylor,
and E. J. George.

The Secretary reported progress with
regard to labelling honey with the country
of origin.

Letters were read from Mr. J. N. Kidd
and" Dr. Abushady, and the Secretary was
instructed to deal with same.

Next meeting of Council, February 19,
1920, at 23, Bedford Street, Strand,
London, W.C.2.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

People who live in the country, and not
for it, miss much; in fact, three-fourths
of the joys the countryside has to offer.
One is continually witnessing scenes such as
have set the poet singing and the paiiiter
and etcher busy with brush and pencil.
And what wonderful hidden power and
beauty can be discovered in a tree bud
as it silently prepares itself for the resur-
rection of spring. Think of the fascina-
tion of keeping a diary, entering from
day to day what one sees and hears. For
instance, to begin on

Jan. 1st. — Bees all out; first primrose
in bloom.

Jan. 2nd. — Colder; first wallflower
opened.

Jan. 3rd. — Windy; many aconites in
bloom.

Jan. 4th. — Sunny; snowdrops and vio-
lets open.

Jan. 5th, — Bees busy ; arabis and dead
nettles blooming.

Jan. 7th. — Sujiny; heard a lark in full
song.

Jan. 8th. — Sunny; saw first song
thrush.

Jan. 9th. — Cool ; saw dandelions out
and partridges mating.

Jan. loth. — Bees very lively; first colts-
foot in bloom.

Jan. 11th. — More thrushes returning,
and beginning their song.

I need not go on ; enough has been said
to show that the country in winter is only
" deadly dull " to those who shut their
eyes and ears. Again, what we miss by
not getting in touch with bird and insect
life ! Many living things are misunder-
stood because we fail to try and under-
stand their language. For instance, a
little study of horsesense soon enables one
to understand when a pony is greeting,
pr asking for food or water. Goats bleat

at times just to try their voice, at others
they bleat a welcome, at others they ask
for change of tether (Jr to be brought in,
and still again they bleat earnestly for
their attendant. " Daddy, one of the
goats is calling for you," announced one
of my bairns to me one night last summer.
I turned out and made for the field in
which they were tethered, and found one
had got loose, and had got so near to the
other as to entangle chains, with the
result one was so wound up as to be nigh
choked; the other, seeing its distress, vas
calling to me to come and liberate it.

Last May I was busy one morning in
the harness room, rubber-soleing some
boots, when a blackbird flew in and made
an unusually vigorous " Twit, twit." I
at first concluded he was in the habit of
stealing some of my fowl meal which I
kept in a tub there, and was angry at my
presence, but as he continued this for
two or three minutes I went out to see
if a cat was on the prowl. The bird then
flew up to me and back to a fence, calling
all the time; up to me again, and back
to the fence. By this time I realised that
the pretty creature wanted me to go to
the fence. I went, and lo, there was a
trap, which had been set for a rat or a
rabbit, had caught a hen blackbird by
one leg. I shall never forget the twitter-
ing of joy the cock bird uttered as I set
his mate free. Fortunately, her leg was
held between the teeth, so that cut skin
was all the damage done. Later on in
the summer a pair of thrushes came to me
calling for my aid. Remembering the
blackbird, I followed to where they led
me. I may say that they first showed
they needed my help by flying through
an opened window to where I was sitting
writing. On reaching the bush where the
trouble was I found their nest on its side,
and three young songsters in the hedge
bottom ; one was dead. I picked up the
other two, and placed the nest in a secure
place safe from the bullocks, which had
evidently been responsible for the disaster,
put the two fledglings in, and heard a
psean of thanks. I have related all this
to lead up to what I am going to say
about some bees. Five days ago the sun
set amidst the sweetest shades of pink
and blue, with fringes of gold. It was a
gorgeous sight, such as would rejoice the
heart of a Leader. Darkness fell, and
the gentle zephyrs gave way to a strong
wind, which increased towards midnight,
bringing with it a storm of rain. By
morning light, however, both wind and
rain had ceased, and the new day was
bright and calm. A man was hedging
near, and he came and said my bees were
buzzing all about him. I couldn't quite
understand this, so went out to investi-
gate. No sooner had I got outside the

Jan. 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

51

door than the insects were buzzing around
me. The noise they were making was dis-
tinct to the hum of pleasure or the buz-
zing of anger, and as they continued
circling around my head it struck me that,
like the birds, they were endeavouring to
attract my attention. I^ took me some
time to discover which hive, these bees so
busy making invisible halos around my
head, were from. I got on the right track
at last, and, thinking mice had got in-
side the hive, I took oflf the roof to see
if I could see any traces of a mouse in
the coverings. Judge q^ my surprise in
finding the coverings — mostly paper — were
soaked right through the middle. The
woodwork is weather-proof, and the wet
must have been forced by the wind through
the ventilating cone. Anyhow, I got more
newspapers, and gave them a warm, dry
covering in return for the damp one.
There was no buzzing around my head
now, so I am convinced those bees were
telling me in their own way that their
hive coverings were not to their liking.

I should be glad if other bee-keepers
would note anything unusual among their
bees, and let me know. For some time
past I have concluded that bees have more
sense of reasoning than Lord Avebury
thought them to have, and I wish to col-
lect all the evidence I can to prove that
bees are able to reason in a superior way,
and are in this sense very little, if any,
below the bird creation.

There is so much that is mysterious
about a hive that one at times wonders
whether the hive has a soul. The solemn,
wonderful silence during wax making ; the
cleverness shown in distributing the work
of the hive, scavenging, ventilating,
guarding, varnishing, nursing, foraging
— ^liow mysterious it all is ! Bees' ability
to distinguish colours, their love of music,
their quickness at detecting whether one
is nervous in their presence, their sensing
changes in the weather, days, weeks,
months ahead; is it not awe-inspiring?
Small wonder they have attracted the
interest of civilised man for centuries.
For fully 5,000 years man has watched the
habits of the honey bees, and hived them
and sang songs as they ate their honey.
Studied so much.and known so little, even
Virgil hadn't fathomed the mystery of
the swarm. To him, as to. Orientals, bees
were reigned over by a king, and young
bees issued forth from carcases of oxen.
Eastern bees are carnivorous, and are not
above swarming into a carcase of an
animal.

The days are dashing by; soon breeding
will be going apace. Some spring feeding
will be needed, except where the stores
were abundant. Every day this year my
bees have been out and about, wHich
means stores consumed. January has been

all too mild, but be prepared for a cold
snap before the vernal equinoxial gales
announce the bursting forth of hedgerow,
tree and meadow. — E, F. Hemming,
Steeple Gidding.

Jottings.

Legislation, P. 529. — 10042 and 6.—
How curious the only opponents to hand
as yet adopt the title of " master." This
" desirability," I see, does not wipe out
the liability of disease inroads, however
strenuous one's efforts, but it is most
annoying when one is certain, as with
foul brood, for instance, this might not
have happened. Where the owner is
qualified to do the necessary work, if
trouble comes, surely this is no fair reason
why those that are not should not have
special assistance available, and where any
doubt or disapproval of the expert actu-
ally handling exists, this can very easily
be got over by doing it oneself, but he is
a sorry " master " that can learn nothing,
and see no good to the craft as a whole, in
this reform.

This objection is, however, a live one,
and seerns to call for special choice and
training, with regard to inspectors, as it
is quite evident that tact for the human
element will be almost as necessary as the
" master hand."

My views are well known, so it is not
necessary to repeat them, but I should
like to see the B.B.K.A. get on with a con-
ference to consider what steps bee-keepers
wish, and how far it will be able to re-
commend compensation, and how. This
seems advisable, if destruction is found
necessary. Some remarks, " on the
rounds,'' " What's it all about? Do they
get another lot if we lose the-m." Owner
of one skep, " I suppose it's to make bee
diseases notifiable, like the cattle and
other things." And there you have it,
and why not?

10061.— I don't quite follow Mr. Ford-
ham's line of argument, " I may be wil-
fully blind." Bee-keeping may be a small
industry, but it is one of the most impor-
tant, the art and philosophy of which is
more or less hidden in the wheel of
Nature, and really perpetuates and makes
possible our " sylvan retreats."

I fail to see that an ordered state of
affairs, as set up by Government with r**-
gard to bee-keeping and its products,
should prove any more distasteful or arbi-
trary than the " interference " with other
foods in a more developed state, fruit
trees included. May trust and mutual
help be advised, indulged, and provided
for.

" Tanging," p. 573.— G. D. C. has cer-
tainly started me thinking in a different

62

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 29, 1920.

channel, and I will try and get some evi-
dence, but up to the present I have
leaned to the idea that this is done tr>
establish a sort of " air " proprietorship.
5ut my old father-in-law, who is 87, can
certify that this is a sure settler, or pre-
liminary, to safe hiving, as he assures me
a swarm not only changed direction but
chased him over a wall. He had a door-
way to get through and over a yard, he
eventually finding sanctuary in a dark
harness room. The bees, however, found
the key to a settlement.

An Advertising Truism. — I saw an ap-
propriate honey label exhibited by a
liondon vendor. As no rights appeared to
be claimed, I venture to offer it: —
" To save the sugar, now's the cry.
So sweeten well with honey.
Get ' Maid of Honour,' and you get
Best sweetness for your money."
May all our readers have a prosperous
season.

A. H. Hamshar.

Notes on Bee-Keeping.

, Many people would commence bee-keep-
ing but for the constant dread of being
stung in handling bees. Would-be bee-
ii^eepers should bear in mind that by a
slight manipulation bees can be made as
tam^ as flies. In order to accomplish this,
the bees must be frightened. To frighten
or intimidate a bee requires a different
course of procedure to the ordinary method
of subduing membei^ of the animal king-
dom. It was discovered that when smoke
was blown into a hive the bees were thrown
into a state of great commotion, and with
evident trepidation commenced to gorge
themselves with honey from the open
cells. In this state of demoralisation
bees were found to be comparatively harm-
less; Of course, t^here are other methods
of subduing bees, such as the carbolic
cloth, etc., but the best all-round appli-
ance, to my mind, is the smoker. The
most astonishing part of modern bee-
keeping is the ease with which a bee-
keeper handles his bees — removing combs
covered with bees from the hives, taking
up handfuk, causing them to perform an
exodus from one hive to another, yet with-
out a sting. Confidence, in a great mea-
sure is the bee-keeper's safeguard ; skill,
perhaps, ranks as second in importance;
and while the appliances used in quieting
the bees only take a third position, yet
we cannot do without them. Various con-
dition!? have to be borne in mind when
handling bees. A hive of bees in the
middle of the day, when honey is coming
in plentifully, is in its most amiable mood,
and requires little, if any, subduing. The
saine hive on a cool evening will not per-

mit even a corner of the quilt to be turned
up without resenting it. I have noticed
bees in spring, after hibernating, are in a
very amiable mood. In autumn the bee-
keeper will find it the .m^ost difficult to
handle his bees, as all stores are sealed up
at this time. I have found out, if a little
syrup is poureS between the frames, this
will have the desired effect. An incau-
tious jarring of the hive by a sticking roof
or super will raise a colony to extreme
viciousness. In subduing bees the bee-
keeper should' raise the roof with as little
sound as possible, place it somewhere near,
then peel back %\\q quilt with one hand,
while the bees are driven down between
the comb's with the smoker. As soon as
the bees are busily engaged filling them-
selves with honey — which oan easily be
noticed by themi poking their heads in the
cells, do what is required quickly and
gently, make no sudden movements, and
on no account allow your breath to enter
the hive, as they seem to dislike the human
breath. Always isee there is plenty of
room when lifting out a frame; the smell
of poison when a be© is crushed seems to
irritate others, and is quite discernible to
the bee-keeper, even at a distance. Should
a colony be raised to a pitch of stinging,
it is far better to replace quilts, close up,
and go to it again on a future occasion.
One word of caution. When using a
smoker, never smoke the bees so as to
■ stupefy them ; two or three puffs from the
6.moker are sufficient to cause the bees to
gorge. I have known cases where bees
have been killed by an overdose of smoke.
The bee-keeper will soon learn from ex-
perience when and how to use the emoker,
and if all his manipulating is done quickly
and quietly then success is assured. — P.
Lythgoe, Padgate, Warrington.

01 Monmouthshire Bee-keepers*
Association.

The annual general meeting of the
above Association and the lecture will
take place in the Temperance Hall, New-
port, not in the Town Hall, as previously
announced. The subject of Mr. W.
Herrod-Hempsall's lecture will be " Queen
Rearing and Introduction." — G. R.
Strong.

Wickham Bishops and District Bee-
Keepers' Co-Operative Association.

The above-named Association held its
inaugural meeting on the 24th inst.
Twenty-three local apiarists, representing
about eighty stocks, promised their sup-
port, but we hope to double this number
very soon. Our principal objects ai-e
mutual assistance in the management of
bees, combating disease, buying pla;nt, ai\d

Jan. 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

53

selling produce co-operatively, and encour-
aging exhibition at various shows. We
are indebted to Mr. Hammond, our ex-
pert, for bringing us together and ex-
plaining the advantages we should enjoy
by friendly co-operation, and are antici-
pating much pleasure and profit from
the working of the scheme. Shoiild any
of your readers be able to send me the
rules of a similar association the courtesy
would be very much appreciated, and
they would be a great assistance. —
Charles W. Cockburn, Wickham Bishops,
Witham, Essex, Hon, Sec.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed hy correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real names
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Bee Legislation.

[10114] I am not sure if a mere woman
may express an opinion on the above sub-
ject,- as I notice you ask that each corre-
spondent should embody " his " views in
one letter ! But as a new member of the
B.B.K.A. AND a voter who has already
used "the power of the vote" to good
effect with M.P.s, perhaps I may be
allowed a space? On the face of it, one
would think that legislation " to check the
spread of infectious disease " would be a
great advantage, but can the B.O.A. do
this with regard to bees, considering that
they do not even know the cause of, nor
the remedy for, " I.O.W." disease? We
might be compelled to make our bees (I
have only one hive) the subjects for "a
Igibyrinth of anti-serum experiments," as
-F. A. Charlton puts it. The B.O.A. are
in the hands of the medical experts and
bacteriologists. In 1912 the Board pub-
lished a report by several M.D.'s and
D.Sc.'s, which described " Nosema apis "
as the agent of " I.O.W." disease, and
cited numerous instances, although this
report did not claim to be final. (They
never are !)

Now this year Dr. Kennie (D.Sc), of
the University of Aberdeen, in a pamphlet
he has sent me, opposes this idea, and
writes: "We conclude that the causal
organism— has yet to be found." (Why
an organism at all?) Your correspondent
(No. 10062), in issue for Dec. 11, 1919,

another D.Sc, considers: "The results of
legislation upon the spread of infection
in men and domestic animals is sufficient
witness" in support of legislation; but
Sir John MacFadyen, of the Royal
Veterinary College, and a practical scien-
tist of European reputation, commenting
on the mistakes made by scientists in
reference to the sicine fever bacillus,
says: "When one reflects on the nature
of the evidence on which it has been
held, and very generally accepted, that
particular bacteria are the cause of con-
tagious diseases, it becomes manifest that
in some cases the proof is no more com-
plete than it was in the case of swine
fever; it is therefore not improbable that
future investigations may bring on cer-
tain bacteria the discredit which has
already fallen on the so-called bacilli of
swine fever and canine distemper." The
"B.M.J." for May, 1911, stated:
" Remedies and modes of treatment, like
fashions in d!-ess, have their little day,
and cease to be. Our back numbers are
the graveyards of discarded theories."

Would it not be wiser, therefore, not
to place ourselves in the hands of these
"theorists"? Instead, I would suggest
that every bee-keeper be compelled to join
a bee association, and that every one who
has a diseased hive be compelled to notify
the expert of the association, who should
go and inspect it and advise sanitary
measures.

Sir Benjamin Ward Richardson tells us
" Inoculation is bad sanitation " ; also
that it should be an offence, punishable
with a fine, to leave a hive uncleaned and
with dead bees in it.

If I have not exceeded my space I would
like to point out to F. "Charlton that
" Mother Earth " is the best purifier we
have. Is it not the Kaffirs or Zulus who
purify their drinking water by carrying
earth in their leather water bottles? —
(Miss) A. Parker, " Leigh," 24, Wood-
bury Grove, North Finchley, N.

[10115] In this discussion on legislation
it appears to me that the main point is
being missed altogether. It is idle to ask
whether you are in favour of legislation,
or to discuss such a vague term. How can
any person say whether or not they are
in favour of legislation, when no one has
even the haziest notion as to what form
that legislation is to take? One might
equallv wel,l ask, the fooUsh question of
every "M. p. —Are you in favour of "An

Irish Bill." ' - , , .

May I say I am in favour of legislation
if T know how, and by whom, that legis-
lation is to be administered? but the whole
question bristles with difficulties, and can-
not be settled by loosely discussing " legis-
lation." If we take the simplest form,

54

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 29, 1920.

that of making it compulsory on the part
of the bee-keeper to notify disease, under
a penalty, who is to decide whether that
stock has contracted " I.O.W." disease?
I venture to make the assertion that there
is not one man in England who could give
a decision with certainty. One party of
eminent bacteriologists state that Nosema
Apis is the cause, and another equally
eminent party are of the opinion that
Nosema has nothing to do with it, hence
the futility of the suggestion by " A Lei-
cestershire Bee-keeper " (10060) that all
inspectors should be B.B.K.A. experts.
Another correspondent urges an extension
of the Diseases of Animals Act, but, to
take the case of swine fever, this is most
easily diagnosed ; the diagnosis of
" I.O.W. " disease is hopeless in a great
number of cases. To take one example,
simple dysentery is credited to it in almost
every instance, and, incidentally, many
" cures " of " I.O.W. " disease have been
attributed to the remedy employed, when
no " I.O.W. " disease has been present.

The real question to the thoughtful bee-
keeper is, to whom are we to entrust our
liberties? The Government would natu-
rally place the power in the hands of their
own people ; but what sane bee-keeper
would care to trust himself in the hands
of the writer of the famous Government
leaflets F.C.Sl and 48, whoever he may
be? If an inspection clause is embraced
in the bill, who will be the inspectors?
Tliese are questions the thoughtful bee-
keeper must ask himself before hastily
committing himself and his liberties to
legislation.

The uselessness of obtaining signatures,
either for or against, is apparent when
the signatory cannot possibly know what
he is signing, and in the case of the
ignorant bee-keeper the presenter of the
petition carries no small measure of
weight. I, for one, will sign no blank
cheque for either party.

A better end would be served by the
drafting of a bill by the Journal; this
could then be criticised to some good pur-
pose, and eventually a statute evolved
that could be presented as a model for the
Government Bill, but until disease can
be diagnosed with certainty legislation is
premature, and would inevitably entail
great hardships, and would result in much
ill-feeling.

Until the time is ripe, let the B.B.K.A.
'-'-e a lead, and introduce a scheme of
education and research which would be a
credit to its promoters and to apiculture
generally. — Gilbert Barratt, Sheffield.

[The petition for legislation is not a ques-
tion of '" signing a blank cheque." Its
object is to find out whether bee-keepers
want a " cheque " for the protection of
careful bee-keepers, or if they are content

to put np with the '^ check ' ' on the in-
dustry caused by the present state of
affairs. We do not see that it is idle to
discuss whether legislation is wanted or
not, that appears to us to be the first
question to be settled. If it is not wanted
of what nse would it be to draft and dis-
cuss a Bill? Decide that legislation is
wanted by a considerable majority of
bee-keepers, then discuss the form it is to
take. — Eds. J

[10116] May I be allowed to use a few
lines of your valuable space to state my
convictions 7*6 legislation.

Although I grant that the principles
of legislation — -as applied to specific
infectious diseases in the animal world —
have been the means of checking the
spread of disease, yet no rational form of
legislation that could be applied to bee-
keeping can have anything like the same
effect, for the following reasons. Firstly,
our races of bees are social insects living
in colonies. When one or more bees in a
hive become diseased it rapidly spreads
until the whole are infected. They cannot
be isolated like other animals under legis-
lative interference; and withoxit legisla-
tion the spread of infectious disease can-
not he cheched. Secondly, their latitude
of flight cannot be controlled, and if we
add to this the fact that they are by
nature determined robbers, have we not,
th^, two of the most uncontrollable
factors in the propagation of the disease?

Now observe, if we take it for granted
that the cause of the " I.O.W." disease is
of bacterial origin — at present " ultra-
microscopic " — and highly contagious and
infectious, then infected bees can spread
the disease in two different ways : (1^
They probably carry the micro-organisms
on their feet, wings, proboscis, and
especially in their alimentary canal.
Thus contaminated they swab out the
nectaries of flowers, leaving behind a film
of these micro-organisms to be lapped up
as a pure saccharine culture by the next
healthy bee tliat visits these flowers. This
bee returns to its healthy home and
regurgitates the contaminated contents of
its honey-sac into the nearest cell. The
young grubs are fed with this food, and
the disease spreads. (2) An infected
colony of bees is in such a stuporous con-
dition that strong relays of healthy
robbers find no difficulty in storming the
entrance and carrying off the microbic
stores to their own healthy hives, only in
turn to be seized with that lethargy which
is shortly to become so prominent and dis-
tressing a feature of the disease.

I strongly object to any form of legisla-
tion that may be introduced, which will
place the careful bee-keeper on the same
footing as the careless keeper of befis. If

Jan. 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

55

legislation should take the form of
frequent visits from inspectors, then the
careful bee-keeper will have to undergo
the same amount of disturbance and in-
convenience as his careless disease-spread-
ing neighbour. If legislation is not
required for the careful bee-keeper, he
should neither be interfered with nor
come under the law until disease breaks
out in his apiary.

I do not advocate that nothing should
be done, but what is to be done can be
done by an Act which will make it —

(1) Compulsory to notify infectious bee-

diseases — attaching a heavy fine for
non-notification.

(2) An offence against the law to leave

exposed any focus of infection
whatever.

(3) Every stock, swarm, nucleus and

queen-bee to be certified by a
trained expert in bee-diseases as
healthy before being sold.

(4) An offence against law to sell
infected hives or appliances.

To Nos. f2), (3) and (4) a heavy fine to
be attached for violating the law.

Thie best way to grapple successfully
with any disease is to get rid of the
ignorance concerning it.

A last word on the subject to bee-
keepers. The leadership of the battle
against this devastating pestilence is in
your hands. Your only hope lies in early
diagnosis, with prompt Systematic treat-
Tnent of diseased colonies, and prophylactic
measures rigidly carried out in every hive
in. the infected area. — Andrew Wood
Smith (Final Medical Student), 5, West
Castle Road, Edinburgh.

[10117] With regard to legislation, I
cannot help thinking that most bee-keepers
are too apt to think only of " I.O.W."
disease. I should like to remind your
readers that both " American " and
" European " foul brood are still with us,
and that even if hives in which stocks have
died of " I.O.W." are not very dangerous
(which I do not admit), it is quite cer-
tain that in the rase of foul brood it is
perfectly deadly to have hives left about
in that way.

1 am heartily in favour of any form of
^gislation which will be thoroughly
effectual. I think that the Bill of 1912
a thoroughly bad one. Unless I am
mistaken, under it an inspector of the
B. of A. need not be a thoroughly qualified
man, but could, " accompanied by an ex-
pert adviser, if he thinks fit," enter, etc.
At the same time this Bill did not in any
way provide for the prohibition of skeps
and boxes as homes for bees, and without
this I am very sure any legislation cannot
be successful. For how can an inspector
say whether a box hive is clean or not?

No one can say for certain that a stock
is healthy without seeing the combs, and
consequently an Act that does not pro-
vide for the prohibition of skeps is simply
a measure of legislation for one branch
of bee-keepers only — i.e., the movable
comb men.

Again, some method of appeal should
be allowed before final destruction of
stocks. Any stock that can be saved should
at any cost be saved, since here is our best
chance of overcoming disease.

Again, let me say that we should not
lav too much stress on " I.O.W." disease.
I feel sure " I.O.W." is an epidemic, and
will in a year or two pass into oblivion
for a considerable period. Already it is
far less deadly. In other words, the sur-
viving bees, as hosts of the " I.O.W."
germs, are evolving a greater resistance
to them, and I believe will become, to a
great extent, fortified against their
attack. This is why no diseased stock
(" I.O.W.") should be destroyed if it can ''
be saved by any means.

Foul brood seems to be on a different
plane, but so little is known about it yet
that it is hard to say much, except that
there appear to be several diseases under
this head which require different treat-
ment. It does not appear to be epidemic,
however, and should be either cured or
destroyed within a very short time of dis-
covery, and here, I think, inspectors
would be useful.

Now, as to qualification of inspectors, I
suggest that every inspector should be re-
quired to pass a severe test as to his know-
ledge of diseases and their treatment, and,
further, that this test should have nothing
whatever to do with the ordinary expert's
certificates of the B.B.-K.A. I say this, not
because I have anything against the
B.B.-K.A., but because a minority of bee-
keepers have and will oppose anything
proceeding from it. As these are in many
cases some of the largest bee-keepers in
the country, their wishes must be con-
sulted if the measure is to go through.

I think that we are beginning at the
Avrong end — putting the cart before the
horse — over this question. You, Sir, say
that the B. of A. is now taking an interest
in bee-keeping. I question it. If they
are, then they do not think legislation is
required. If they did, they would very
soon introduce it, with or without our
leave. It is no use for the authorities to
wait for bee-keepers to ask for legislation.
If they think it is right for them to legis-
late they should bring in a Bill at once,
and make it a Government Bill.

Did the Government, in the case of
swine fever, wait for pig-keepers to ask
for legislation? No. The same may be
said of scab, mange, anthrax, etc. By all
means let those who favour it petition
for legislation, but, at the same time,

6,6

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Jan. 29, 1920.

they must not find fault with those who
are opposed to it because they strive
against it. For one side to call their
opponents " ignorant upstarts," and for
the other to use the term " ignorance and
cupidity, " is quite beside the purpose.

In conclusion, let me assure your readers
that Mr. Fordham's fears are quite
groundless. Inspectors will, I am sure,
not make themselves a nuisance, and where
a man is taking proper measures to effect
a cure he will be left to his own eweet
will. It will not be a similar case to that
of anthrax, where immediate destruction
is compulsory. — Believe me, yours faith-
fully, R. B. Manley.

P.S. — Couldn't you print those other
letters of Mr. Trowse for us just as they
are? Judging by 10042, they must be
priceless — and we get so few really funny
articles in the B.B.J.

[10118] I am heartily in favour of legis-
lation for control of bees. This district
has suffered very much from " I.O.W."
disease of late years, and my experience
goes to show that we gamble, if we spend
money on bees until we can secure com-
pulsory notification of disease, followed by
thorough dealing with the same.

I wonder if your readers have any
knowledge of swarms being drowned. I am
told of a case of it, in Esthwaite Lake,
during the past season. Presumably the
queen settled on the water, and was fol-
lowed by the swarm. Wm. Martin.

[10119] Our sympathies are with you,
Messrs. Editors, in the task of deciding
which of the numerous letters on the above
subject are fit for publication. My
opinion is that space should only be given
to those who really deal with the matters
under discussion, whether these be for or
against, as so much already has been
printed which is quite beside the point.

The crux of the question appears to be
"Government inspection" — the proba-
bility of undue interference by Govern-
ment novices. Surely the Bill, when intro-
duced, would contain safeguards against
incompetency of inspectors, and only
expei'ts would be appointed? . ^

Would it not be better to obtain powers
enabling county associations to take
charge of this work of inspection in their
own district, to give advice where such is
needed ? Should any stubborn or stupid
member, who has the disease 'n his apiary,
not be amenable to quiet and reasonable
advice, then such cases should be reported
to headquarters and force used where
reason fails.

Let us stamp out the disease at all costs,
even if it. offends the susceptibilities of a
few who are entirely out of joint with the
times. — S. Mxlton, Derby.

[10120] i?ei your advertisement in the
B.B.J., I have 27 stocks of Italian and
hybrid bees, but still slight traces of
"Isle of Wight" disease. Be legislation,
my newsagent failed to get me the B.B.J.
for several weeks, so I did not know and
have not been able to read all the aye's
and no's of the problem of legislation; but
T should like to say I have kept bees, since
1892, when I had a bad attack of beeitis,
have had up to 40 stocks and have handled
a few of other people's bees, and it did
not take me many years before I had very
strong convictions for legislation. How
can Smith, who is a clean bee-keeper,
pride himself on his apiary, when Jones
has a hive over the wall reeking with
disease and Smith has no power to notify
it? I take it we should not have inspectors
to visit us unless there was a real reason,
i.e., disease notified. Anyhow, I myself
have no fear about inspectors visitmg me.
You may print this as you like or consign
it to the W.P.B., but as it is an impor-
tant issue I felt bound to give my opinion.
— C. W. Dyer.

W. F. Wtllmot (LonAon).— Judging amount of
stores.— {1) You can oiUy judge by oxamining
the combs. Keep the bees supplied with candy
until it is safe to look into the h.ive. On a miW
day, when bees are flying, you might turn
the quilt back, when you will be able to
&ee if there are any sealed stores left. (2)
Tou may use a little smoke to drive the bees
ilown when giving candy. As the oombs are
not lifted out, it does not matter if the bees do
not gorge themseil'Ves: it is only nebessary to
drive th.sm out of the way so they are not
crushed.

Removing swarm in Brice swarm catcher. — A
little smoke, or a feather dipped in carbolic
acid and water, will drive the bees away from
the fasteners, so that they can be unscrewed.
The swarm catcher and bees may then be carried
to the hive, the frames of comb or foundation,
with adhering bees, placed in it, and the rest
of the bees shaken off in front.

G. F. Stubbp (Wednesbury).— Price of. sugar.—Gel
the sugar from your ordinary retailer, and pay
the same price you do for ordinary consumers'
sugar— 8d. per lb.

E. F. Ralu (Shalford).— iSee gloves without fingert^
—Get a pair of bee gloves from any appliance
dealer, and cut off the fingers to a length to
suit yourself.

Heatherwood (Surrey).— Honey too thick to
extract.— '1 he. honey is too cold a.nd stiff, or it
is heather honey. The aroma and flavour will
decide the latter point. If heather, it will not
extract; if only too cold, keeping it in a tem-
perature of about 100 ds'g. Fah. for a couple
of hours should overcome the difficulty; extract
while warm.

"Billy" (Salop).— Disinfecting hives and frames.
—The safest method of disinfecting hives is to
%3orch them out with a painter's lamp. Scrub-
bing out Tvith scalding wxiet a^nd soap, and th«n

Jan. 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

67

applying a strong solution of formalin or other
■disinfectant and water, would be effective. The
frames could be boiled for 20 minutes, and then
immersed in disinfectant and waiter tor an hour
or longer. The propolis can be cleaned off ex-
cluders with Fels Naphtha Soap or Scrubb's
Cloudy Ammonia. They may then be treated
The same as the frames, or, If too large to boil,
treated with disinfectant only.

" 4. Worker" (N. Wales) —Destroying bees.— The
best and quickest method is to dissolve | oz.
cyanide of potash in half a pint of warm water
Hind pour it through the ouilt between the combs.
This is a deadly poison, and great care must be
taken if it is u,s«d, the frames, quilt, combs
ftnd bees being burnt as soon as possible. If
you wish to use any honey that may be in the
combs, use .about i oz. choloroform instead of
the cyanide and water.

J. H. H. (Wsbles).— Feeding with granulated
honey. — If the honey is so stiff it will not run,
a bottle may be laid on its side, with the mouth
over the feed hole. A feeder is not needed for
candy; it is placed directly over the beec,.

Anxious One (Sussex).— Moving 5ees.— The hive
may be moved a mile any time in February
without danger of losing the bees.

J. Langdon (Exeter).— S/i?i for bees. — Bees, like
other living creatures, must have saline matter
to keep them in health. They would probably
use some if sprinkled on the alighting board.

A. li. H. (Easton).— The yellow substance under
a thin layer of honey will be pollen.

T. H. Mitchell (Greenock).—" Bee-keeping Sim-
plified " and " The British Bee-keeper's Guide
Book." Siee list in this issue.

Suspected Disease.

A. ,S. Blackett (Surrey) and H. J. T. (Norwich).—
Cause of death was " I.O.W." disease.

'H. H. C. (Highgate).— iSo far as we can tell,
there is no disease in either sample.

Special Prepaid Advertisements*

One Penny per Word.

Tra^e advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as "Busi-
ness " Announoenvents, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3a. per Jm., or 6s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or intported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

FBIVATE ADVERTXSEMBNTS.

FOR SALE, limited ruumber of healthy stocks
Bees, strong, 8 frames, or Hives and Bees
complete; delivery early spring; deposit.—
HEWETT, 5, Owens Road, Winchester. a.49

FOB SALE, strongly built Corrugated and
Timber Span Roof Shed, 31 by 28 ft., easily
' converted two lean-to, each 31 by 14, put on rail
in sections, or as stands; particulars given; also
aOantity Board and Felt Roofing. Doors, and
Windows.— HEWETT, 5, Owens Road, Winchester.

a.50

-J O P.M. STOP PRESS.— Message from Mars
-Liij arriving.— Smith, Cambridge. (Later) Four,
seven, nine, nought, nought, one, six, nought,
nought. Mars wins. (We don't know what this
mean*. Bo they koep bees in Mare?— Editors.)
• • • a.&3

FOR SALE, • two 10-frame stocks Hybrids,
delivery April, £5 each, £2 deposit, balance in
April; four Standard Frame Hives, clean and well
painted, IBs. each; four Super Clearers, 2s. 6ci.
each; Geared Extractor (Taylor's), in good order,
55s.— F. HOOD, Hermitage, Horton, Slough, a.51

EPICURE, first early Seed Potatoes.— 14 lbs.,
3s. 6d.; 28 lbs., 6s. 6d.; 56 lbs., 12s.; carriage
extra; splendid cropper.— W. WOODS, Normandy,

near Guildford. ^-^

ANTED, third-class Honey in bulk.— Box 60,
B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2. a.53

W

2CWT. finest White Clover Honey; sample 4d.—
NORTH, Cressing, Braintree, Essex. a^

ITALIAN BEES on 6 frames^ headed by Penna's
1920 imported direct Queen, delivery June,
£4 10s.— ENNEVER, Oak Avenue. Ridgeway,

Enfield. ^-^^

A VACANCY occurs for a Pupil on an old estab-
J\ lished bee farm. Opportunity will be given
to learn bee-keeping on a big scale.— Apply, Box
61. B.E.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2. r.a.57
rrn SECTIONS, 2 cwt. Extracted, 12 dozen screw
lUtops; sample 6d.-A. W. SIMCOX,, 17. Vic-
toria Road, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton, r.a.53

CLERK seeks situation in a bee appliance
manufacturer's office; has had five years
experience. Full particulars by post.-Box 62
B.B.J. Office, 23. Bedford Street, W.C.2. a.59

WANTED, Extractor, either chain or cog
driven, for cash.-FALSHAW, Avondale,
Stoeton Road, Guildford. ; ^

NUCLEUS HIVES.— Three beautifully made for
three frames, price 30s. each. Full particulars
on request. Wanted, straight Worker Comb;
shape and age no object, but must be guaranteed
free from foul brood spores. Quote price and
quantity.— H. M., STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue
Paisley. __±££

PURE light Cambridge Honey. 14-Ib. tine,
22s 6d.; 28-lb. tinsy- 429., carnage paid;
sample ■4d.; tins free.-J. YOUNGER, 6. Maids
Causeway, Cambridge- ^-^

EXPERT BEE-KEEPER required; experienced
in forming nuclei, etc. State particulars and
salary expected.— Box 59, B.B.J. Office, £3, Bed-
ford 'street. Strand, W.C.2. a.28

WANTED. 7- and 14-lb. syrup lever-lid Tins,
empty, equal new.— BURGOYNE. Assistant

Overseer, Lyonshall, Herefordshire. a^

HE GRAMOPHONE RECORD EXCHANGE

will exchange Records 56. dozen; return

postage free.— Address, 6, Rood Lane. London.

Particulars stamp. ^^

WT3 r^ HIVE, new; one Bristol Hive, good
.r>.Vy. condition.-BRETTELL. Pedmore,
Stourbridge. Worcestershire. r.a.l9

CORRESPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING, Golden Square. Hen-
field, Sussex. '•.a.54

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.-Price and
particulare to W. HERROD-HEMPSALL.

Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

ANTED Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERROD-HEMPSALL. aa above.

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lis., post
free- one Wood Milne Motor Foot Pump, 46s.,
carriage free.-HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

W

BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS,
lid. per word.

WE are reserving a few choice Italian Queens
for the D.B.S for delivery in May. June,
July and Vugust. Prices and particulars on appli-
cation — S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cam-
bridge. . r.a.62

BOOK NOW. — Italian Queens, pure Penna
strain.— ASHWORTH, The Bungalow. "Wey-
mouth Srreet, Warminster (late of Heytesbur>-).

r.a.61

58

THE BRITISH BSE JOTJRNAL. Jan. 29, 1920.

BOZZALLA, LIGURIAN, QUEENS— Write for
Illustrated Catalogue at once, and secure the
benefit of the reduction in price which is available
until the end of February. No charge.— A post-
card to H. M. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue,
Paieley, will sufiBce. a.64

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3-frame, Penna's 19^
Queens (guaranteed), 70s.; Hybrids, Penna's
and Simmins' Special, May-June delivery, £3, car-
riage paid; box returnable. Orders (ca^li) strict
rotation.— MOORE, 31, Monmouth Road, Dor-
chester. r.a.65

FOR SALE, Swarms, English strain. Book oiow
for May and June.— BRISTOW, 47, Auckland
Hill, West Norwood, Surrey. r.a.67

ITALIAN and Hybrid 4-frame Nuclei, 1920
Queens, £3 3s.; Hybrid Swarms, 10s. lb.;
Fertile Queens, May-June 10s. 6d., July-August-
September, 8s. Strongest and best honey gatherers
in the country. All orders booked in rotation; £1
deposit, balance on delivery.— THOMAS CHITTY,
Burleigh Farm, Cassington, Oxon. a. 36

FEW ITALIAN NUCLEI from 1919 Penna
Queens, 3 frames, 50s.; delivery June- July;
boxes 10s. extra, returnable.— LEWIS, J. P., Clar-
beston Road, Pem. r.a.37

BEES ON APPROVAL.— We guarantee our Bees
and Queens to give complete satisfaction.
Special .terms to disabled men. Catalogue 3d.,
which will be returned on first order.— PEARSON
<£; GALE, Marlborough. a.58

TRONG STOCKS of Bees, guaranteed, on 7
frames, with pure selected Italian Queens,
1920: orders booked in rotation for delivery from
beginning of June; price £5, carriage paid; travel-
ling box 10s. extfa, which is returned. Cash with
order, or 256. deposit and balance by iMlay 25.—
MISS F. E. PALING, Golden Square, Henfield,
Sussex. a.40

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3-frame, young Queens, £3;
boxes 7s. 6d., returnable; Fertile Queens,
10s. 6d.; Virgins, 5s. *d.; Simmins' and Penna's
strain.— WATTS, Conway Cottage, Newtown,
Parkstone, Dorset. r.a.48

ITALIAN QUEENS and 3-frame Nuclei.— Insure
against disappointment by getting your Queens
and Bees from a place where " I.O.W." has never
existed. Orders now booked for June and July
delivery.— S. CRAWFORD, Apiaries, Castlederg,
Co. Tyrone. r.a.25

HIVE MAKERS Wanted.— Apply, letters only,
stating age, experience, wages expected, to
LEE. Beehive Works, Uxbridge, Middlesex. a.l3

HAVE TOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price list
for 1920 on application.— Address, E. PENNA,
Bologna, Italy. w.39

FIKEST SECTIONS OF HONEY.

A large quantity for Sale at carriage paid prices,
either Plain or Glazed
IRISH KUN HONEY.
Several cwts. for Sale in quantities to suit cus-
tomers, at carriage paid prices in free tins and
cases.
OOBDON BOWE,
Honey and Beeswax Packer,
28a, Moy Bead, Cardiff.

BEES. BEES. BEES.

Firet Quality Dutch (Imported) Stocks.

£5 per skep.

Terms : Cash with order.

Bees delivered in Spring.

P. BENNETT.

437, Clarkston Road. Glasgow.

BEES. BEES. BEES.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Postage

A Modern Bee Parm 7/6 ... 6d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett) 5/- ... 4d.
Bee-keeping (De. E. F. Phillips) 10/6 ... 6d.
BEE-KEEPING SIIKEPI.IFIED

FOB THE COTTAGES AND

SMAI.I.HOI.DEB (W. HenaOD-

Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/- ... lid.

BEE-KEEPERS' PRACTICAIi

NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... lid.
BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)
Dissectible Blodel of Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTII.ISATION OF FRUIT

BIiOSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) -/2 ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock) ... 5/- ... 6d.

PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

Serrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Snel grove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id,

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.
Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... IJd.

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.
Maeterlinck's Iiife of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.
The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER Edwardes) 2/- ... 2d.

The Humble Bee (F. W. L.

Sladen) 12/6' ... 6d.

THE BEE WORI.D (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy ' -/8 ... Id.

British Bee Journal &. Record Office,

23. Bedford Steeet. Strand, London, w.c.j.

BEEi FLOWER SEEDS.

Collection of six best Varieties, la., post free.

Beautifully Illustrated Instructions Up-to-date.

Garden Guide, 64 pages. Free.

KNIGHT'S,

Seed Specialists,

Wolverhampton

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Frujit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THF

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The

'Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free rom —

WINDSOR HOUSE. Breams Buildings. LONDON. E.C.2'

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. HERROD-HE]UFSAI.L. 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.

Jan. 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. _59^

D] (Founded 1919). S

ra nn International Institute for tDe service of modern ilpicul g

ffl ture, and for fosterina a aenial spirit of scDolarip brotber- m

I bood amonast bee keepers or all countries, u)itb tbe co operative ^

m Object of promotins tbeir educational and material interests, q]

m

CI.

a

That research work in bee culture is something more than laboratory
investigations and is by no means limited to the subject of I.W.D. is a
fact that should be recognised. The difference between much of the present
teaching of bee culture and the ideal that should be aimed at is as much as
the difference between imitation and original investigation. Where one
teacher uses so many words in disputing parthenogenesis, another, a believer
in experimental work, succeeds in artificially fertilising drone eggs and thus
cuts the time, uncertainty and trouble of selective queen rearmg by half.
Where one man wastes paper and ink in hypnotising the initiative of original
bee-keepers by asserting that bees winter within empty cells, as such co-
authority has stated, another takes the trouble to see for himself.

Now such and greater experimental work cannot develop on the basis

of a few scattered colonies, but in a decent apiary with ample material

and good organisation, provided with a common research fund. The surplus

from such an apiary will no doubt well serve to pay much of the expenses.

Were organised beekeepers to contribute individually or through their Associa-

_,. tions, in whatever possible degree, the status of the work would soon be

P enviable, and those who devotedly shape the success of the scheme should

ultimately find the fruits of its success their own.

lUby Sbould Vou Joitt tbe Jlpis Club?

(1) Because you contribute by your moral support to the realisation of
the educational and co-operative aims for which it has been
instituted ;

(2) Because you become a joint partner with a full voting power m
shaping in addition the official organ of the Club, namely THE
BEE WORLD, an international monthly journal devoted to the
progressive interests of modern bee culture, and owned as a
public bee magazine by bee-keepers everywhere, through member-
ship of the Club.

(3) Because you get in touch with different sections of bee-keepers by
correspondence and association, and gain the consideration of your
fellow members, whether manufacturers, breeders, or honey
producers.

mby Sbould Vou Support Cbe Bee World Educational fund?

Because such a periodical, which is disposed of at 400% below the cost

of production, for the sake of serving its educational aims, cannot prosper

without the unbiassed and unselfish support of the whole craft at home,
and of international apiarists abroad.

THE APIS CLUB, Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

1

60

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Jan. 29, 192(j.

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lowing original literature : — " The British

December; and "The Bee "World," September, October, and November,

Che metal
foundation

(Protected.)

C The triumph of the IHetal fOUnda=
tiOtl is due to the following signiEcant
advantages : — (1) Indefinite durability
with reasonable care ; (2) Greater safety
of bees in transit on new combs ; (3)
Capability of bearing the weight of
a heavy swarm in hot weather ; (4)
Greater comb stability in quick extract-
ing ; (5) Control of drone cells ; (6) The
production of even combs ; (7) Easy re-
moval of queen cells without the
slightest injury to the foundation ; (8)
Cleanliness and adaptability to sterili-
sation by boiling; (9) Economy of
labour and time in fitting and detach-
ing; (10) An ideal compromise between
the metal comb and the wax founda-
tion.

C The invention has created a world-
wide interest. Its value will be the
more appreciated by studying the fol-
Bee Journal," November 13; "Bee Craft,"
" 1919.

RETAIL PRICES.

C The in^tal foundation (" worker " type) can now be produced in any size required,
whether for the brood chamber or the super, e.g., for the British Standard Frame
(14 in. X &Y2 in.). Deep Standard (14 in. x 12 in.), Simmins* (16 in. x 10 in.), Lang-
stroth (17% in. x 9]/$ in.), etc., and for their corresponding super frames. Despite
the heavy cost of machinery, metal, etc., it is offered at a price well within the pur-
chasing power of the average hee-k.eeper. All. orders, whether large or small, receive
prompt attention, and are executed in strict rotation, and in good time jor the season.
We have further decided — for the benefit of bee-keepers who are not yet in a position
to place their orders — on taking the risk of a liberal margin of prodijction to meet
unavoidably delayed orders. /f you have not yet made up your mind aa to your
requirement, you are still in time to do so.

Cbe Uxbrldge m.B.C. Biw.

C This popular hive, which we originally introduced over twenty years ago, is admir-
able for its water-prooj features, since it eliminates the plinth. It stands supreme
amongst all W.B.C. patterns. You will never regret trying it with your metal
foundation.

^*^ We allow a Five per cent, discount on all our goods (including the Metal Founda-
tion) to members oj the Apis Club, who are respectfully requested to forward their
membership cards when placing orders.

A FINAL REMINDER I To avoid disappointment apply now for the Metal Founda-
tion Price List, and for our 1920 Catalogue.

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^ JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd. H

S UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

^ (Telegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

n

Jan. 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BBE JOURNAL. iiL_

Dorit Order ''W,S." Queens until you have seen the
'^ Queenland^' Revised List for 1920, Sid, post free

NUCLEUS STOCKS-Same Price as 1919.

The only Pedigree Bee- Stock Registered in direct line for more
• than 25 years.

" AMALGA " is the name of our Queen breeding mother for 1920
"ALTA" is the name of our Drone parent for 1920.

PRODUCE OF ONE NUCLEUS
REALISES OVER £40 IN CASH.
'* The three-frame nucleus I purchased
from you had increased last autumn to
two strong stocks. I supered one on
April 23rd of this year, and the other a
few days later. I sold two swarms, and
made up the others to five stocks. Of
these I also sold three stocks. The
original lot gave 198 lbs. of honey, and
in all I have taken 365 lbs. My sales
amounted to over £41 in actual cash."
CMiss) H. G. MoxsEY.
Somerset, Oct. 9th, 1918.

EXCEEDS 500 PER CENT. INTEREST.

" We have now 12 stocks to winter,
besides selling one, out of the two three-
frame nuclei supplied June 20th laet year."
(August 15th, 1917). Miss B. D.

Quainton, Bucks.

THREE TO SEVENTEEN.

" It may interest you to know that the
three stocks to which I introduced your
queeiiB (the only stocks saved in the
apiary) in 1916, produced in all 17 stocks,
and a good surplus in honey in 1917; this
under the care of my wife who knew
nothing about beee. I simply directed
her as to management from there
(France)." Oliveb G. Pike.

April 9th, 1918.

'FIRST AND BEST.

" Your White Star strain was the first
to enter the sections, and all the honey I
got was from them." G. H. S.

Heddon House Dairy.

APRIL 19th.— BOILING OVER.

" The hive is simply boiling over with
\V. S. bees. They are at work when my
other stocks are idling, and they are
stronger than any of my other stocks."

Aberdare, Wales. E. T. W.

ARE THE W.S. PROLIFIC?

" In 1904 I got a W.S. queen from you,
and last year (1905) by the first week in
June she had brood in twenty-five stan-
dard frames." J. H.

Higher Kinnerton, Chester.

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0

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NUCLEUS DELIVERED IN JUNE;
40 FRAMES BY AUGUST.

" The three-frame nucleus of bees now
occupy 40 Standard Frames. They have
exceeded beyond anything I believed pos-
sible. I have never had anything like
them before, and if the other queens on
order turn out the same I consider my
fortune made." John Jones.

Llancarfan, Aug. 21st, 1918.

SEVERAL STOCKS FROM ONE

NUCLEUS.
" It seems almost ridiculous that this
nucleus of the previous season (Aug.),
before I was prepared for it, swarmed" in
April, and I now have several stocks from
that investment." J. W. McKat.

Croydon.

EIGHT STOCKS FROM ONE W.S.

NUCLEUS.
" I now have eight stocks from the one
nucleus you supplied last year."

J. JOKSS.

Llancarfan, May, 1919.

BEST IN THE COUNTY— NEVER
SAW THE LIKE !
" May 26th. — The two queens you sent
me have exceeded anything that I ever
thought of. The stock chambers are full
and crammed with brood, and all three
supers crowded with bees ; but even with
this -Uie bees are boiling over. I have not
fed them at all, and have removed several
framfrs of brood for another lot. The
County Expert called yesterday, and said
he had never seen such bees, and they
were certainly the beet in Hampshire."

D. D. P.

NO SPRING-FEEDING, BUT AGAIN
FIRST.
" The W.S. bees on eleven 16 x 10
frames were full and boiling over at the
middle of May. and were the first to enter
supers out of 23 stocks ; and last, but not
least, they required no spring feeding."

U. W.
Arnold, Notts.

Revised 1920 "White Star" List, 3^d., of S. SIIMMINS, Queenland, Heathfield, Sussex.

Jr THE BRITISH BEB JOURNAL. ' Jan. 29, 1920.

QUALITY^

The difference between a good bargain and a bad bargain
is not so much a matter of money as of quality.

All our goods have the "Hallmark of Quality*' resulting in a large
clientele of SATISFIED customers. Does this mean anything to
you ? If so, send for our large Illustrated Catalogue for 1920^

free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,
Bee Appliance Works, WORMIT, FIFE, SCOTLAND.

Bee-keeping Simplified

FOR THE COTTAGER AND SMALLHOLDER,
By W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, F.E.S.,

Author of " Producing, Preparing, Exhibiting and Judging Bee Produce."
Price Is. net. Post Free 1/li

This little book supplies the need for a cheap up-to-date and well-illustrated handbook
<Hi bee-keeping, and gives in Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall's well-known, clear, lucid style
all that is necessary to enable anyone to commence bee-keeping successfully. From

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL OFFICE, 23, Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C.
••THE fiCERROID JL¥>ICURE."

SIMPLE CLEAN ! EFFICIENT !

For the Prevention and Cure of Foul Brood and other Diseases oi Bees.

DON'T DELAY— ORDER AND USE AT ONCE.

PRICE, with full instructions, 1/8, 2/10 and 5/8, post free. From all the leading Appliance

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THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL & RECORD OFFICE, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2.

The certain cure for - __ __ ^^ ^ _, __ ^^ m • Proved by Bee-keepers

and Preventative of RZkllFDfll generally after testing on

"Isle of Wight" disease. »^^^\0 ■ ^■%.\#fc. the most hopeless stock*.

Mkoufaolnrad by "B«etMo]" Limited, London. N.~
UEirXJBV ft JAUrSS. I.TD., JI[Em.EY HOIT SF "AJRBIirODOir XtOAD. I.Oin>ON, E.G.

The Kent' Standard Model Hives & Appliances

TESTIMONIAL. May 12.

Dear Sir, — I have had an opportunity of comparing the material and workmanship
ot your hives with others on the market, and in my opinion there is no sort of comparison
between the two, yours being altogether superior in every particular. — Yours faithfully,

5. /■ BALDWIN. Stanley Road, Bromley, Kent.

Keep in touch with beekeeping methods in other countries, 4/- per year will bring
you " L' Apiculture Frar.caise, ' a leading French monthly bee journal. Send a postal
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agent also for '* Gleanings in Bee-Cullure" and "The American Bee-Journal,'* each
6/6 per year, post free. Ask for appliance list.

Peinted by the Avenue Press (L. Upoott Gill & SoN/ Ltd), 55-57, Drury Lane, London, W.C, and
Published for the Proprietor (W. Herrod-Hempsall), by Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton,
Kent & Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, Paternoster Uow, E.C.

i\ r

British Bee Journal and Bee-keepers' Advisee, February 5, 1930.

MAR 8 - 1920

No. 1963. Vol. XLVIII

FEBRUARY 5, 1920.

IPublithed every Thurtdav, Price 8d.

coxw>BMrvai<

PAGE

"Bee Craft" 61

A Dorset Tarn 61

Jottings FROM HtJNTiNGDONSHiRE 61

The Metal Foundation 62

The Alton District B.K.A 65

Questions for Bee-keepers 65

Weather Report for 1919 65

PAGE

, 66

To Talk of Many Things

Correspondence—

Bee Legislation 66

Empty Hives, the Larger Frame, and. Legis-
lation 68

Queries and Replies—
R€-que€ning 69

DO NOT LET YOUR BEES STARVE.

Use Taylor's Soft Candy

1-lb. 1/6, post free ; 6-lbs. 6/-, post free ;
12-lbs. 10/6 (12/- carriage paid, 12/- post free.)

SYRUP— 7-Ibs. 7/6 ; 14^Ib8. 12/- ; 28 lbs. 23/ SUGAR VOUCHER must b«

sent with order.

BEESWAX BOUGHT,

2/- lb. Cash, or 2/1 lb. allowed if taken out in goods.

Also Cleaned and Sterilised and made into Foundation.

No. 77. Compressed
NAPHTHAFORMA TABLETS,

Tke Germ -killing Remedy for Foul Brood
1/9 Bottle, Post Free.

TAYLOR'S NEW REGISTERED
ZINC EXCLUDER

giving 50% freer access to supers

i6 X i6 squares 3/-, post 6d.
8-ft sheets 15/-, post i/-.

BACTEROL & YADIL,

For "Isle of Wight" Disease,

Bacterol, 2/6 per bottle, post 6d.
Yadil, 3/6 per bottle, post 6d.

\
Syrup should be fed medicated with above in

Taylor's Registered Feeder,

Specially designed for above cures,
Post free, 3/10 '

or Bottle of Bacterol and Feeder, 6/- post Iree

TAYLOR'S No. 12 QIVE, Dovetailed, at 29/- Carriage Paid. In the Flat, 28/-

BEST VALUE IN HIVES EVER OFFERED.

NEW CATALOGVi: FOR. 1920 POST FREE.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

11

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL. Feb. 5, 1920.

THE

British Bee JournaE

Established 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to tli«
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAJT, F.Ii.S., &c.,
and J. HERBOD-KEMPSAIiIi, F.E.S.

Oorrespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Sab#erlptiOIlS« - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Clieques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Hatfpentiif stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is adc|ed for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in uie paper.

tbe metal foundation.

(Protected.)
For the benefit of readers of the JOURNAL
and the Record we have arranged with the
manufacturers of the Metal Foundation to
accept all orders received through our offices
at a consideration in the shape of a 25 per
cent, deposit to begin with, and "the balance
by mid-March, or prior to delivery, if earlier.
All orders are guaranteed by them to be
executed not later than April, 1920.
Prices :— (I) BRITISH STANDARD FRAME,
fully fitted with " worker "
Metal Foundation : Single,
2s. 4d. ; per two dozens, 23. 3d.
each frame : per four dozens
and over, 2s. 2d. each frame.
(2) STANDARD SHEET of
"worker" Metal Foundation:
Single, 2s. ; per two dozens.
Is. lid. each sheet; per four
dozens. Is. lOd. each sheet.
Subject to a 5 per cent, dieconnt to members of
the Apis Clab.

Packing & Carriage Extra.
%• Since the Metal Foundation will be pro-
duced only to order, no order will be subject
to cancelling.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yoa are advised to insist on tills being nsed when
dealing with strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Gktods ehould not be despatclied until notice that
tbe money has beea deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles . ie
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are eatisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of Sj
per cent, in t3ie £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post OfKce Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and. sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.- All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances. — In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted a& per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.- The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
apijroval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carnage one way.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAB, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Gel a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The

'Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —

WINDSOR HOUSE. Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C^.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. HERBOD-HEMPSAIJi, 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, Ijondon, w.C.2.

Feb. 5, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

61

"Bee Graft."

We congratulate our contemporary on
attaining its first birthday. No. 1 of Vol. 1
was issued in February, 1919, and the size
of the paper has also been increased since
the first issue. We take this opportunity
of wishing it " many happy returns."

A Dorset Yarn.

To see the primroses at the R.H.S.
meeting last week one would have thought
it was April rather Januaiy. Our native
flowers are yellow, but those exhibited by
Mr. Miller, of Wisbech, were mostly
shades of blue and mauve. Very beauti-
ful they were to see. One could not but
wish we had the same shades of blue at the
Violet Farm. If they bloom so early in
the Fen country they should be of service
to our bees. This week they have been
out in crowds on snowdrops and Christmas
rose. They are clearing oflF all the pollen.
These should produce plenty of seed with
so many bees on them ; they could not but
be well fertilised. I notice that the light
coloured Italians do not leave the hives
so much as hybrids and blacks, but on
lifting the quilt at the corner they were
to be seen crowding the combs ; one felt
that they were covering brood to keep up
the warmth. One gathers more of their
habits and economics as the years go by.

We have had the fowls running among
the hives since the autumn. They make
their nests beneath the hives. Some of
them have a dust bath beneath the floors.
Having a fairly wide alighting board, the
rain is carried away, leaving it dry be-
neath. There could not be much warmth
from the bees, but the hens seem to think
it a fine place to make their nests. We
notice in summer if any fowls steal away
to lay it is in the bee quarters, all carry-
ing out the law of Nature, carry on the
race. It all adds to the pleasure of the
Nature lover to see all that he has doing
well, all adds to the grand total of profits
wh^n the year is out. Increased produc-
tion is the order of the day, and when, one
can have a certain amount of ioy in doing
this, then life is really worth living. Of
course, I know city dwellers who get all
the pleasures of life because their tastes
are satiated in the libraries, where all the
treasures of literature are to be had. Thev
can hear the music of trained voices in
opera and concerts. We who live in rural
England have to be content with the songs
of bees and birds; the good books are few

and far between, but our work is the
most important; without it there is no in-
crease. Production is the chief aim of
the tiller of the soil. J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Seedsmen's catalogues will be in the
hands of every professional and amateur
gardener by this time. Bee-keepers
naturally have a thought for their hive
inhabitants as they pore over the list of
flower seeds. Going off at a tangent, some-
one has said that faith is the belief of au
amateur gardener that he will make his
vegetables and flowers grow to look as
beautiful as they appear in seedsmen's
catalogues. In choosing flower seeds, do
not pass over that excellent bee plant
Limnanthes. It is a hardy annxxal, grows
profusely, flowers early, and will flourish,
anywhere. Ah ounce of seed would pro-
duce a sufficient quantity of plants to
provide an edging for a quarter of an
acre of land. Far better to cover odd
corners witji Limnanthes than nastur-
tiums. The latter may be useful to the
bumble bee, but it is not of much use to
the hive bee. Borage, too, should be
ordered by those who were unable to sow
in autumn. Seed sown in March or Apifil
will produce some good flowering plants
long before the summer closes. On men-
tioning Borage in my jottings last
autumn, several readers wrote asking
where they might get seed. Practically
every seedsman can supply it. In looking
for it in their catalogues, however, it will
generally be found classed among the
herb seeds.

The mild weather still continues, and
the sun has shown himself so much of
late that wood and coppice are speeding
up apace. I notice some trees looking as
forward as they were last year in March.
Fruit trees, too, are much too forward.
Tiny leaves on raspberry canes and
gooseberry bushes in January may look
springlike, but it's not good. All this
precocity will receive a severe check, and
the buds will suffer accordingly. There
is one thing I am glad to see, and that is
the wealth of catkins. The woods and
gosses seem full of them, and well is it
that the bees can get pollen in plenty
from this source. I had, perforce, to trim
up a box-tree last week. I hated doing
it, for the bees' sake. The box-trees are
loaded witl; flowei'-buds this year, and
how the bees love them ! A good-size
box-tree will keep a whole hive of bees
busy and put them in a most amiable
temper ; in fact, when working box they
are all too happy to think of stinging.

One generally looks for the first crocus
on the first of February, but from appear-

62

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Eeb. 5, 1920.

ances crocuses are going to be later than
usual this year, while the daffs will be all
too early for some of us. We parsons like
the dafFs to flower about Easter ; they
come in handy for church decorating.

What about the Holmewood bees?
Have they practically vanished from our
apiaries? There are a few stocks about,
but all too few. I notice that one sees this
strain in charge of trees however ; they
are undoubtedly an "Isle of Wight"
disease resistant.

I think I shall have to preach one more
sermon on the British native bee. So
many people think the common brown bee
a native bee, it is not. Its origin is
Teutonic and it was introduced into Eng-
land a century ago. The real British
native bee is black, but larger than the
Dutch. Fossil marks suggest that this
bee originally had a longer thorax than
any existent bee, its abdomen being flatter
than is usually seen. I have come across
stocks occasionally which are as truly
native as is possible to conceive them.
Gloucestershire, Derbyshire, Cornwall and
parts of Somerset are where the black
bee is commonest. The brown bee — she
may justifiably be called after a century's
colonisation, the English brown bee — is
a useful insect; but she suffers more than
some others from inbreeding. I expect
this last paragraph will bring along not a
few letters from one and another saying
they do not agree with me and all the rest
of it. My post-bag is very amusing at
times. The same post which brings letters
of appreciation, brings also letters of fury.
A few bee masters are indignant that I
should do anything to encourage the rank
and file to keep bees. (Evidently they be-
lieve in monopoly.) In fact, the same
post which brought a very kind letter
from a schoolmistress, urging me to keep
on with my jottings, brought also a letter
urging me to keep to my own job, and if
I was tired of that " to burst my shell of
skin and hatch myself a cherubim," which,
to say the least, was rather profane.
Shortly before Christmas, I had some re-
marks about the planets — oh, dear ! My
astronomy was all wrong — out of date — -
irreverent. How could I, a " Sky Pilot,"
even insinuate that there was life in any
other- planet than this? One schoolmaster
wrot6 to put me right. Mars was too cold
to bear life, and if it were warmer there
was no water, and no atmosphere, this
was the conclusion of all scientists of
to-day. I'm rather enjoying myself this
week wondering how my critics feel as
they read the views of Marconi and
others. One suggestion of a quite young
reader, however, appeals to me. He likes
mo to write as if boos talked. His " funny
papers " tell liim of Lions, Tiger Tims,
Jumbos, and Teddy Bears being able to

speak, so why not bees? With the
Editors' permispon I will next week re-
late what I heard from a worker bee. It
will appeal to the juvenile readers, and
will not be profitless, I hope, to their
parents.

It is pleasant to see the lambs appear-
ing once again. One of my nannies
kidded a week ago, and so increased our
milk supply. I often wonder more people
do not keen goats, especially in these
days of milk scarcity and high prices.
They cost so little to keep, and are an
unfailing source of interest and profit.
Of course, there are goats, and goats. A
heavy yielder costs no mt)re to keep than
a poor milker. Such goats, for instance,
as go dry during the winter are not worth,
much, but there are milch goats to be had,
and giddy, happy creatures they are.

Congratulations to Mr. Manley on the
evolution of the "Manley Hive." Steele
and Brodie have placed it on the market.
With locked corners and an asbestos con-
crete roof, and taking a 16" by 10" with
17^" top bar frame, this hive has without
doubt come to stay ; but is not, I think,
likely to oust the " British Standard."— ^
E. F. Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

The Metal Foundation.

By a. Z. Abxjshady, F.R.M.S., Editor,
The Bee World.

Mr. Ernest Root, the learned Editor of
Gleanings, having most kindly drawn my
attention to an editorial in the January
number of his magazine (just to hand,
with his communication dated January 3),
in reply to my comments in the October
Bee World, I think it would interest your
readers to refer them to his notes, the
essence of which is that " Mr. A. I. Root
. . . away back in 1878, 1879, and
1880 experimented with metal foundations
and was able to get combs built from
them, and, as he now remembers, brood
was raised and the bees stored honey in
.them. But the coldness of the metal base,
and the expense of the product, caused
him to drop it."

It seems absurd on my part to lecture to
the worthy Editor of Gleanings on ter-
minology. I have been asked, " Would it
not improve metal foundation to ' wax '
it? Also, would it not be more economical
to stick ordinary wax foundation to a thin
plain metal sheet? AVhat is the difference
in terminology between ' foundation,'
'midrib,' and 'support'?" The following
replies appear in the November Bee
World: —

" The first two queries have already
been thoroughly treated in the Bee World.
Suffice here to say that both theory and
practice are against the artificial sticking

Teh. 5, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUHNAL.

63

of wax to metal, wood, or the like, when
a comb is built on the wax itself,, since
there is no safeguard against the separa-
tion of the wax coat from the solid sup-
port, which may buckle or split. It is a
diflFerent case with wax cells elaborately
built by the bees direct cm ^he metal. The

has served to safeguard against the blis-
tering of wax foundation, which when
once begun is likely to spread, resulting in
a disaster to the comb, especially in
transit.

" The features of the metal foundation
belong to the views which have led to its

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experiments which have been conducted in
this country and abroad years ago, both
with metal and wooden supports for wax
foundation, have clearly shown again and
again the failure of such supports, and
that the method is non-economical.
Neither a plain metal sheet nor tiie intel-
ligent device of a corrugated metal core

development, and if these were not suffi-
ciently appreciated it would be just as
well to stick to wax foundation, since a
real compromise between the two could not
be effected, whilst coating metal founda-
tion with wax would simply be a wasteful
practice and would not serve a good pur-
pose, but rather the contrary.

64

THE BRITISH BEE JOURI^AL.

Feb. 5, 1920.

" Tastes may vary in pref ering one type
of metal foundation to the other, but both
have good points, although, no- doubt,
' sharp-ridged ' metal foundation with a
(5epth of, say, 3-16 in., would present
facilities for immediate egg-laying, thus
saving time and permitting breeding in
conjunction with wax building. In this
respect alone this type of foundation may
be considered an improvement over the
' round-ridged ' type, and may well rival a
complete metal comb. The improvement
would be due to the depth of the ridges
and not to their sharpness. This is, how-
ever, purely a question of machinery.
Wax coating can find no place in effecting
any improvement. It can only help in
defeating the objects of metal foundation.
" As for the correct definition of the
words * foundation,' ' midrib,' and ' sup-
port,' we may remark that the three words
are interchangeably and loosely u&ed in
the same way as the terms ' division
board ' and ' dummy ' are employed.

" The following may serve as rational
definitons : (1) a Comb Foundation is a
printed sheet of any material suitable as
a comb basis, and is intended to guide the
bees in their wax-building, direct on its
substance : (2) a Comb Midrib is the con-
tral partition between its side sections ;
and (3) a Foundation Support is a stay-
ing device for enforcing the resistance of
the comb foundation.

" From these definitions it will be seen
that a central embossed wax sheet in a
hive frame serves as comb foundation,
and is naturally a midrib for the comb
to be built on, it finally, whilst the wire
embedded in it acts as its support within
the frame. Metal foundation, on the
other hand, as we have repeatedly indi-
cated, would act as foundation proper, a
midrib, and a self-support within its
frame,

" Another case of illustration is a frame
wire. It serves at present as no more
than a foundation support. But supposing
a hexagonal meshwork of resistant and
suitable wire correctly spaced could, be
adopted in place of embossed wax or
stamped metal, then the wire would jump
to the position of a comb foundation, a
partial midrib, and a self-support. This
is, of course, an extreme case of illustra-
tion."

Not even Gleanings, with its might, can
convince an impartial observer that, how-
ever great is the service which A. I. Root
has rendered to the bee-keeping world, it
would be permissible to exaggerate what
he has done and to ridicule what he has
not achieved ; nor will it mask the inaccu-
racy of its claim, when the following con-
tradictory statement appeared in the same
ipagazine for October 1, 1904: —

Mr. A. H. Frank, of Red House, N.Y.,

asked : " Cannot very thin tin be used for
foundation instead of wax, and a coating
of wax be put on it? It would be much,
.stronger and not liable to break. I have
to confess that I am not smart enough to
extract the honey without breaking the
comb. I used foundation the size of the
frame and wired it, but before I get up
speed enough to throw the honey out the-
comb is ruined by breaking." The Editor
replied as follows : " About 35 years ago
our Mr. A. I. Root tested tin as a base or
midrib for foundation. He even went so
far as to run a thin grade of metal called
' taggers tin ' through an old foundation
mill. He coated it with wax and gave it
to the bees. He secured combs, but found
the expense of the product was altogether
prohibitive, and no better than ordinary
foundation sustained by means of wire, at
a mere fraction of the cost of the tin
backing. It actually used more wax, and
was colder for the bees. Then Moses
Quinby, before A. ,1. R., had what might
be called all-metal combs.

" This field has been gone over
thoroughly, not only hy A. I. Boot, hut
by hundreds of hee-heepers, and the
general consensus of opinion has been thai
there is no better way to stay foundation
than by the use of rvire ar wooden splints,
as recommended by Dr. C. G. Miller.^'
(The italics are mine.)

The conclusion of the above remarks
puts in a nutshell the real light in which
metal was looked upon in the past in the
construction of artificial foundation. It
has never been utilised other than as a
foundation support,' in the same way as
wire is used at present, and, strange to
say, even the defects of buckling of this
metal and of the blistering of wax,
whether pressed or spread, did not suffice
to open the eyes of researchers.

Having established and fostered the
"wax-bait" theory for half a century,
and having now revived an educational
campaign relative to the wax aroma and
the "preference" of bees to the wax
foundation of one manufacturer over the
others, our friends across tlie Atlantic
prefer again to be silent over their past
mistakes, or rather prefer to find an agree-
able consolation in the discoveries of
others. I do not mind saying that had
metal foundation (and not metal support
for wax foundation) been conceived be-
fore, despite traditional wrong teaching
as to the "fancies" of bees, wax founda-
tion would have been long ago a second
grade frame equipment.

I was keenly looking forward to some
able constructive criticsm in Gleanings,
but in' this I have been greatly dis-
appointed. Not even a word of reference
to original literature is given. And as to
th© statement that " a recent talk with

Feb. 5, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOURlSrAL.

65

Dr. Phillips, of the Bureau of Entomology,
would indicate that he does not believe in
the practicability of metal-comb founda-
tion, as he thinks it will dissipate the heat
of a cluster of bees more than the
aluminium comb," it will suffice for nae to
say that no authority with a handle to his
nam© can ever provide a. satisfactory
answer to the following question : " How
is it possible that a comb totally composed
of wax, except at Hs bases, dissipates the
heat of the cluster more than a complete
metal comb ? ' '

In all my humble writings, I have done
my best to cultivate a spirit of construc-
tive criticism, which, in my opinion, is a
valuable form of co-operation. One should
have the courage to express his opinion,
to think for himself without either fear
or vanity, and to gauge any work by its
merit and not by the name of the worker.
For this reason I cannot help saying that
despite my respect and admiration for
Mr. Ernest Root and Dr. Phillips, I can
neither applaud the hastiness in judgment
of the former, nor the dogmatic criticism
of the latter in relation to the subject of
the metal foundation. George MacDonald,
having safelv endured his baptism, as did
Cheshire and others endure before, I — a
humble worker — take my turn confidently.

The Alton District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

(branch of the HAMPSHIRE BEE-KEEPBES'

ASSOCIATION.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual general meeting of the above
was held on Saturday, January 24, Mr.
Hayden being in the chair. Amongst
those prpsent were Lady Bradford, the
Revd. H. A. Wansbrough, Messrs. F. D.
Hills, E. Stewart, W. Ranger, etc.

The secretary (Mr. H. P. Young) pre-
sented his report of the work of the
branch, which disclosed a membershin of
83. During the year lectures, demonstra-
tions, and honey shows had been arranged
and a re-stocking scheme had also been
started, without any connection with the
Government scheme, and this had proved
a decided success. Nuclei had been made,
and distributed to members at a very
reasonable price. Although the scheme
had an adverse cash balance, several
Ktocks were being wintered, and it was
thought this asset would well cover any
liability to the treasurer

The financial statement was read by
Mr. F. D. Hills and considered very satis-
factory.

Lady Bradford was again unanimously
elected president, and. her ladyship was
thanked for the invitation extended to the
members during the past season to visit
her apiary and grounds.

After a very free discussion on the sub-
est of legislation for bee diseases, the fol-
lowing resolution was carried unani-
mously: — "That this association are un-
able to support the Ministry of Agricul-
ture for the drafting of a bill for legisla-
tion for bee diseases, in view of the
methods adopted by the Ministry in re-
gard to apiculture, as they do not appear
to be a fit body, as now represented, to
deal with the subject."

A vote of thanks to the chairman closed
the business of the meeting. — H. P.
Young, hon. sec.

Questions, etc., for Bee-keepers
for Self-Examination.

(Students are recommended to lorite
their ansid'irs, and check them after-
wards hy reference to hooks.)

463. Explain, as to a beginner in bee-
keeping, the use of a nucleus hive.

464. What can be done to prevent a
swarm deserting after hiving?

465. How is it shown that colonies some-
times gather pollen when it is not
needed?

466. Give two reasons to show the de-
sirability of preventing after-swarms.

467. "When should .swarms from colonies,
the queens of which had been clipped, be
encouraged to "settle," and be taken as
usual instead of being left to return to the
hives?

468. "What is known of the differences
in the food given to queen larvse, drono
larvae, and worker larvae?

469. Describe the formation and struc-
ture of a cluster in a hive in winter.

470. Criticise the statement that the
" poison " of a bee-sting is formic acid.

471. Explain why the methods of a suc-
cessful bee-keeper may fail if practised
similarly in a different locality.

472. Set out, in the form of a concise
summary, the arguments for and the argu-
ments against legislation for bee disease*
in this country.

J. L. B.

Weather Report for 1919.

"Wkstbournb.

Rainfall, 32-08 in.

Heaviest fall, 1 "14 in.
on March 19th.

Rain fell on 177 days
(av. 180).

Above average, -SSin.

Maximum tempera-
ture, 84 on August
10th and 13th.

Minimum tempera-
ture, 22 on Feb. 8th.

Minimum on grass, 18

on Feb. 8th.
Frosty nights, 78 (av.

73).
Mean temperature,

483.
Below average, '3
Maximum barometer,

30-674 on Jan. 24th.
Minimum barometer.

28-689 on Jan. 5th.

\j. B. BiRKRTT.

66

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 5, 1920.

To Talk of Many Things.

For some long time I have been com-
pelled, by ill-bealth, over-pressure of work,
and a consequent disinclination to the
effort of writing, to be merely a reader of
The British Bee Journal, but an antici-
patory quiver of waking spring leads me,
like a certain type of poet, to break
silence.

From my study of these columns during
the last few months three things have
most impressed me, and from them I take
hope and courage for the future of our
craft.

First, the general and insistent demand
for legislation is one sign that bee-
keepers do not mean to lie down in supine
defeat by " I.O.W." disease.

From the correspondence to which this
Journal has been open, there stands out
a conviction generally, and tenaciously
held, that the chief menace to bee-keeping
lies in the risk of repeated re-infection
incurred by the continued presence of
derelict hives and of diseased stocks,
whose owners are either too careless, too
ignorant, or too short-sightedly selfish,
and — voild le mot Idche — too pig-headed,
to take, or allow others to take, the steps
necessary to restore cleanliness and
health.

There are, doubtless, some objections to
legalisation that are worthy of respect.

These may arise either from a general
feeling that we are already legislation-
ridden. The hopeless muddles caused in
almost every department of the national
life by the intervention of inept official-
dom, has created a bitterness in the heart
of all sections of the community, and is
doubtless responsible for the belief that
any improvement, or alleviation of the
present ills, is only to be found in sweep-
ing away bureaucratic control rather than
in extending it.

The efforts of bee-keepers who favoured
legislative action in respect of bee
diseases must, therefore, be directed to
seeing to it that no new offence be
created. This ran be secured by the
elimination of any wasteful or oppressive
provisions, and the placing of the opera-
tion of the Act in the hands of competent
persons.

The latter point is of the utmost im-
portance. On the personnel of the in-
spectorate operating the measure will de-
pend in the highest degree its success or
failure.

Many bee-keepers who are careful, skilled,
enthusiastic, intelligent bee lovers remain
outside county associations, or, if mem-
bers, decline or avoid the visits of the
travelling experts, because they are appre-
hensive of the consequences to the health
and temper of the bees, and to the success

of their own operations, of the rough,
careless, and inexpert manipulations to
which their stocks may be subjected
during these visitations. ,

Such apprehensions are intensified in
anticipation of compulsory examination
of stocks at the arbitrary will of someone
armed, in the absence of apiarian compe-
tence, with official powers, and clad in the
terrifying garb of .an inquisitor.

Our task must be to secure that no
justification be afforded for such fears ;
that high qualifications, both in expertise
and in tactful approach, be required and
obtained of the staff to be appointed.

In general, bee-keepers, and especially
those who in principle approve of and call
for legislation, must hold a watching brief
in the interests of economy, efiiciency, and
such remnant of liberty as we may be con-
sidered still to possess. — A. F. Harwood.

The Editors do not hold themselve$ reBponeible
for the opiniom expressed by correspondents. No
notice tcill be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real names
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Bee Legislation.

[10121]. I hope I am not too late to
express my opinion re legislation. I am
not in favour of it for the following
reasons.

" Isle of Wight " disease can be cured
if taken in time, there is plenty of evid-
ence that hundreds of stocks have been
cured this last two or three years; also,
Government Inspectors will not stamp it
out — like the poor, it will always be with
us. Your correspondents that write in
favour of legislation all appear to take it
for granted that it will be a sure cure,
and the only cure. They have legislation
in America, as one of your correspondents
a few weeks ago remarks, but I ask him,
or any in favour, have they stamped out
disease? (Foul brood.) In face of these
facts, how is it that a small minority are
so anxious for Government interference.
Isn't the " careless neighbour " bogey a,
bit overdone ; also is it fair always to
blame your neighbour every time disease
appears, and is it fair that if I have a.
stock showing signs of " Isle of "Wight "
disease I should have to submit to them
being burnt, knowing that I can cure it

Feb. 5, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOUEI^AL.

67

even though there are careless bee-keepers
all around? If a hive in which bees have
died is left exposed it would be cleared
out in a week, and would then be no fur-
ther source of danger.

If all bee-keepers in the country were
canvassed, I am quite certain there would
be a big majority against. — Wm. Smith.

[We should be very pleased if our cor-
respondent would let us have his cure for
''Isle of Wight" disease; by so doing, if
effective, he would earn the eternal grati-
tude of all bee-keepers.

America, Australia, New Zealand, and
Canada have all reduced the loss by F.B.
our correspondent will find if he reads the
reports from these countries.

We are sorry for the majority against
legislation, if a comparison of our corre-
spondence from both sides is any criterion,
and we would also like to place our corre-
spondent in the position of some who have
" the careless neighbour bogey." He
would soon have nightmare.

A canvass of all bee-keepers in Cumber-
land and Westmorland was taken for or
against legislation some years ago. Out
of over 8O0 postcards returned, FOUR
single people only were against. This is
fact, not surmise. Verb sap. — Eds.]

[10122] Having recently arrived from
Canada, where legislation for bee diseases
is practically general and its benefits
appreciated,' I am surprised that serious
opposition should occur here, or that the
severe epidemic of "Isle of Wight"
should have left any room for argument.
One might similarly object to any laws or
restrictions t<i limit foot-and-mouth or
any other infectious diseases.

My apiary in Nova Scotia was situated
in a district that a few years ago was
badly infected with American foul-brood,
and bee-keepers, amateurs and profes-
sionals alike, were rapidly losing their
stocks and facing extinction ; but by dint
of agitation and the passing of resolutions
urging the Government to enact neces-
sary legislation a± all meetings of bee-
keepers and also horticulturists — the fruit
industry being an important one — and
forwarding such resolutions to our Mem-
bers of Parliament, we succeeded in
securing an Act, so that at the time I
left we were practically free of disease, to
to the great, and also future, benefit of
all concerned, amateurs included. At pre-
sent anyone may import bees into Eng-
land without restriction, so that the door
is wide open to further diseases besides
"Isle of Wight." Jamaica, which has
always been free of infectious bee diseases,
recently had an outbreak around Kings-
ton, brought overseas from Cuba, and
only prompt action of their Government

in passing legislation and heroic mea-
sures, which necessitated destroying some
2,000 hives, freed the island.

I desire to invest of my capital and
time in bee-keeping here, where increased
production along all lines is so urgently
needed, but I am faced with the fact that
a neighbour may unintentionally, through
lack of appreciation of what careless
handling and exposure of infected hives
and combs may mean, cause me a heavy
or even total loss. The great majority of
people desire progress, and are ready to
do what an inspector may point out, and
coercion need play no part except to those
few who are always, like our friend Pat,
"agin the Government." For myself, I
may say that the necessity for treating
and cleaning up disease in my apiary
taught me bee-keeping, proving a blessing
in disguise, and, instead of " me keeping
bees," thereafter the "bees kept me." —

C. HOGAN.

[10123] As a preliminary to any legis-
lation granting plenary powers to any
department or individuals to interfere in
the management of apiaries, is it not
essential that we should have some know-
ledge of our principal bee diseases? It is
notorious that neither bee-keepers nor
scientists have any certain knowledge of
the origin of the various brood diseases
of. bees, or of what is known as " I.O.W."
disease.

The situation, in all conscience, is bad
enough. Let us see that it is not made
worse by legislation. By all means,
however, let us ask Parliament to vote
the necessary funds for the investigation
and study of bee diseases, their origin,
and cure, but let us not legislate until
we know more. Knowledge should surely
precede action ?

Legislation in America has not proved
a success. I notice in recent issues of
Gleanings that many of the states which
clamoured for and obtained legislation
are now asking for its withdrawal, and for
educative rather than oppressive measures.
In Ontario, Canada, after some ten
years of legislation, F.B. was increasing
rapidly, while instead of one inspector
there were then sixteen. One of these,
Jacob Alpaugh, said one thousand
inspectors would be needed for that State
alone. Does this not suggest that the
inspectors spread rather than checked the
disease?

With regard to a hive infected with
F.B., and left accessible to foraging
bees, I understand that under the present
" Public Nuisances Act " the owner can
be prosecuted. This is the opinion of a
legal friend of mine of some professional
standing. Could not the B.B.K.A.
attempt a test case?

68

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 5, 1920.

The recent suggestion of the Editor of
the Bee Woj^ld to hold a conference of
leading bee-keepers and scientists is far
more practical than the appointment of
inspectors who know no more than the
rest of us. — ^A. Fisken, Westertou,
Scotland.

[We refer our correspondent to the
letter of a man from the spot in Canada,
Mr. C. Hogan.

Bees cannot be dealt with under the
"Public Nuisance Act": this has been
tried and failed.— Eds.]

[10124] I have been very much amused
at some of the letters in the Journal on
the above topic. Of course, according to
some we do not i"equire legislation any
more than we require honey, a.nd who
requires honey in these days of such a
surplus of sugar, a«id what good do the
bees do — only harm? See the harm they
have done to the orchards of Kent this
year. Their handiwork can be seen in the
fruit stores at the Kent farm® : large
apples, dessert ones, so big, give people
too much trouble in ©aitimg ; not like the
nice little fellows that went 16 to the
pound last year and sold at Is. 6d. per
lb. Of course, the bees interpollinated
tJh© flowers, and made the fruit grow out
so big and plump that this year they go
about two or three to the pound.

And what of the black-currants? The
last few years, since disease cleared out
the bees, what nice little ones we have had
— ^all skin and (snuff) eye — ^not like the
big juicy stuff we used to get. Now we
get solids in the way of skins, not juice.

Then why do seed-growers want bees?
Of course' they get larger crops of seeds.
Hence, since bees have been so short, seeds
have been up in price. Take a trip
through Romney Marsh and you will see
scarcely a hive of bees on hundreds of
acres of seeds. Oh, the pathetic inquiries
— " Oan you let me have a few hives of
bees for my sanfoin, for my swedes, my
white clover? " — 'and all or nearly all have
to be refused because there are not enough
to go round.

A sheep-breeder ' mear here who grows
white clover for his ram lambs, which
fetch round about £1,000, is just delighted
if he can sse some bees in among his lambs.
He knows the value of them, as they, so
he says, improve his lambs' food.

I think I am taking up too much space,
but we must luave legislation ; so say all
the bee-keepers and keepers of bees. I
have done about 200 miles on a push-bike
with a petition. I have not had to solicit
for a signature ; I've got them all, every
one. They all want bees, they all want
honey, they all want fruit, and they all
want seeds. So let our opponents get on
with their piffle. They will in years to

come be thankful and even kiss the feet
of those who to-day are carrying on this
good work, when England, etc., are as free
from bee diseases as they are from foot-
and-mouth disease, swine fever, and rabies
among animals, also smallpox, scarlet
fever, etc., among human beings.

Let Parliament get on wiith the busi-
ness, and the sooner it gets it on the
Statute Book the sooner will they gain the
applause of all the ignorant upstarts of
bee-muddlers, if not of the bee-masters. —
Edwabd Gristwood.

Empty Hives, the Larger Frame,
and Legislation.

[10125] Under the above heading I
propose giving to your readers as brief an
account as possible of a few of my expe-
riences, extending over 50 years, Avith the
bees.

I first took an interest with the bees
about 1870, my father obtaining some at
that time, and soon after taking the
B.B.J, he made his hives and all appli-
ances, including the honey extractor.

Whilst watching the entrances I have
seen the wasps seize bees and cut them
in half with their mandibles as clean and
quickly as one could do it with a sharp
kixif e, flying away with one half ; and yet,
when looking inside a small observatory,
these yellow corsairs walked about anj^-
where unmolested by the bees.

From 1875 to 1895 I was too much taken
up with outdoor games to think anything
about the bees, but, having to stand aside
for younger and better players in the foot-
ball field, I took up bee-keeping — an ex-
pert giving us such an interesting and
instructive lecture here about bee-keeping
(sent by the C.C), it reawakened my old
love for the bees. Taking it up with un-
surpassed zeal, first of all I bought Que of
my father's observatory hives (Abbott's
pattern, having the large frames, 16 in.
by 10 in. or 10^ in. deep). Then I nuade
150 W.B.C. and combination hives in the
winter evenings, and five bee-huts. Al-
though working 11 hours a day at hard-
wood joinery, I generally made seven hives
each winter, often working to 10 o'clock
at night, and sometimes to 12 o'clock
Saturday nights.

Now for my experience with the obser-
vatory hive having the large frames,
standing side by side with the others
having the standard frames. My honey-
take year after year, for over 15 years,
always equalled the tahe from my best
hive, never requeening or doing anything
but the annual spring cleaning, the same
as the others.

My first experience with bee disease with
my own h0''.s was about 1909. Nearly

Feb. 5, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

69

every cell was occupied with dead un-
capped brood, six or seven combs in each
hive, and in many hives, at one apiary
only. I believe the correct reply was given
of the cause in B.B.J. , January 22, 1911,
page 249, reply to J. E. S., North Finch-
ley (the late Mr. J. Small wood), but the
wax moth was certainly not the cause.
The bees never got up to full strength,
and many died out the following winter.

My experience and loss by the " Isle of
Wight " disease was a bitter one, and,
considering the price of honey the last
three years, if my bees had been alive, in
one year alone, viz., 1918, I ishould have
made from £500 to £700 clear profit. If
it comes to voting for legislation, pro-
hibiting the sale, or moving, or allowing
■diseased stocks to remain after July at
the owner's apiary, I shall hold both hands
up.

I had seven out-apiaries. Noticing
crawlers at the first, I made inquiry, and
ascertained there was another bee-keeper
living near. He took me to his apiary,
but he had already destroyed, or lost,
most of his bees. I destroyed all mine,
and scorched inside with petrol, starting
again the next season by purchasing a
stock in iskep. These swarmed, the swarm
taking possession of an old bar-frame hive
where the bees had died from " Isle of
Wight " disease, and it had not been
cleaned', the owner being away in France.
The swarm gave me 42 good sections and
a rack of shallow frarnes, the shallow
frames being already on. These bees
eventually died in the winter from " Isle
of Wight " disease, but I cannot say the
old combs w^ere the cause, because the
stock that sent off the swarm died from
the disease several months previously.

At the second out-apiary I sold, and
sent away in April, several stocks, bar-
frame and skeps, and never any complaint
whatever; but a swarm from a quarter of
a mile away Avent into a hive I had filled
with frames of foundation at the extreme
end of the garden, and soon showed signs
of " Isle of Wight" disease, eventually
dying, all the others following suit gradu-
alW from one end of the garden to the
other.

At the third apiary the bees were in-
fected all through a dealer buying a
diseased stock and bringing them near.
From this apiary I had sent away healthy
stocks just previously.

At the fourth a bee-keeper bought a
swarm from a distance away, which were
the first to show signs of " Isle of Wight "
disease.

At my other three out-apiaries the
" Isle of Wight " disease was all round
within 1^ miles. My bees were either in-
fected by robbing, or diseased bees joined
on to mine, and it is astonishing the

number of stranger bees that do join in
with other hives tloan their own.

Am not sure how the home apiaries be-
came infected, but a farmer bee-keeper
living two miles away called and said I
could have his bees and hives. I went and
had a good look, but could not see any
signs of disease, therefore risked it, as he
was moving into Gloucestershire and would
not take them. These were the first to
show signs by crawlers, therefore I con-
clude they were the cause, although a bee-
keeper living 200 yards away lost his bees
at the same time. — David Hancox.

iEEes;

Re-Queening.

[9901] Seeing you are so ready to give
ia'ormation about bees, I should like to
know the best way and time to replace
an old queen which I was not able to do in
the autumn. I have three stocks. I made
a fresh start last spring with a stock that
swarmed twice, and would like the first
swarm headed with a young queen at the
first opportunity. I might say that about
a week after the second swarm was hived

i I had a stray swarm come along, which 1
took and united with them, picking out

; the queen as they ran in, and the very
next day found unmistakable signs of
" I.O.W." disease, with bees crawling all
over the place; but it was fine weather,
and I got an Abol syringe and gave them
a good syringing with " Bacterol," down
between the combs and all in front of the
hive. On the ground all round my hives
I gave it a good doing with Izal, and kept
it up twice a day for a week. By that time
there was not a crawler left, and I have
not seen one since, but don't know whether
all the bees of that stray swarm would be
lost before I stopped the disease. I always
keep pieces of corrugated iron cut to fit
the roofs of my hives, and well roped down
all winter, have no trouble with dampness,
— D. Mason.

Eeply. — You could, of course, buy a
queen in, say, early May, and re-queen;
but if you want a swarm, make one
artificially as described in the Guide Book
on page 93. Do it when queen cells are
started, and instead of leaving the old
queen with the comb of brood and bees,
kill the queen, and see that the comb left
has a queen cell. If you prefer having
fresh blood, the old queen (and, of course,
all queen cells) may be removed a day or
two after the swarm is made and a new
queen introduced.

70

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Eeb. 5, 1920.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Will advertisers please read these Rules care-
fully in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at Ifd. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per iin., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A change of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

FOR SALE, Hand Foundation Mill complete;
wanted, Geared Extractor and Ripener.—
POLHILL, Monliwood, €iiingford. b.l

WANTED, lor delivery end March, healthy
Stock headed by pure Italian Queen; box
sent.— CLAXTON, Grammar School, Donca«ter.

r.b.2

FOR SALE, about 2 cwt. fine Extracted Welsh
Honey; guaranteed pure.— JAMES, Adpar,
Newcastle Emlyn. r.b.3

WANTED, Geared Honey Extractor and
Ripener, in good condition, approval, deposit;
also Simmins' Single Conqueror Hives.— BISHOP,
Woodswater, Beaminster, Dorset. b.4

PURE Light Essex Honey, in 14- and 28-lb. tins,
Is. 6d. per lb., free tins, and on rail; boxes
returnable.— TUNMER, The Apiary, Maiden, ^
Essex. b.5

PLANT now for the bees, strong fruiting Rasp-
berry Canee, 2s. 6d. per dozen, 8s. for 50; also
Strawberry Runners, Is. per dozen, 6s. per 100, best
varieties, carriage paid; cash with order.— HALL,
Highfield Lodge, Balderton, Newark. r.b.6

WE admit we were too hasty in interpreting
that " wireless " as a cypher -message from
iMars. 479,001,600 is, of course, the answer to our
query of January 22.— SMITH, Cambridge. b.7

WANTED, at once, six Stocks Italians; also
4-frame Extractor, Cowan's. Lowest prices
for cash.— JACKSON, Hollins, Abergavenny, b.8

LADY wants post on Bee Farm ; some experience.
—Box 63, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street,
W.C.2. b.9

PURE Light Shropshire Honey, 28-lb. tin,
£2 12s., and 66-lb. tin, £5 2s.; tins free and
carriage paid; sample 6d.— T. TUDOR, JUNR., 20,
Spring Cottage, Little Drayton, Market Drayton,
Salop. b.lO

COTSWOLD HONEY, 60-lb. tin, granulated,
Is. Ihd. lb.; seven Volumes B.B.J., 1902 to W12,
home bound, 15s. 9d., separately 2s. 6d. each.—
BOWEN, Pittvillc Street, Cheltenham.

PLANT "Willow Herb" for your bees; useful
honey flower; 12 roots, 2s.— BOWEN, Pittville
Street, Cheltenham. b.U

WANTED, Roots' " A.B.C.," latest edition, and
Cowan's " Honey Bee."— WISDOM 291. Cold-
harbour Lane, Brixton. b.l2

FOR SALE, owner going abroad, Simmins' Single
Conqueror Hive, 16in. by lOin. brood frames,
and two Supers of standard frames, new 1918, con-
taining strong, healthy Stock Italian Hybrid Bees,
now wintering on abundant stores. What offers?—
G. E. CLARK, Glanton, Northumberland. b.l3

FOR SALE, Books by old authorities on bees.—
H. WISDOM, 291, Coldharbour Lane, Brixton
London. b.l4

WANTED, W.B.C. or 12-frame ditto. Hives,
Feeders and Appliances. — Apply, with lowest
prices, MRS. INGLEBY, Pond Farm, Worcester
Park, Surrey. b.l5

i P;a BRITISH Butterflies and Moths, five Store
J-Ov/ Boxes, Net, Forceps, etc. What offers?—
BRETTELL, Pedmore. Stourbridge. b.O

WANTED. Maid to assist with housework. —
Apply. MRS. W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, The
Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

JTALIAN BEES on 6 frames, headed by Penna's
1920 imoorted direct Queen, delivery June,
£4 10s.— ENNEVER, Oak Avenue. Ridgeway,
Enfield. a.56

rTf\ SECTIONS, 2 cwt. Extracted, 12 dozen screw
<Utops; sample 6d.— A. W. SIMCOX, 17, Vic-
toria Road, Fallings Park, Wolverhampton, r.a.58

PURE light Cambridge Honey. 14-lb. tins,
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. tins, 42s.. carriage paid;
sample 4d.: tins free.— J. YOUNGER, 6, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. a.66

CORRESPONDENCE Course in Bee-keepine:.—
MTS8 F. E. PALING, Golden Square, Hen-
field, Sussex. r.a.54

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

WANTED. Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lis., post
free; one Wood Mn'np Motor Foot Pumo, 46s.,
carriage free.— HERROD-HEMPSALL. as. above.

BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS,
lid. per word.

-h

WATERPROOF RUBBER SHEETS for cover-
ing outhouses, etc.. 72in. bv 36in., brafip
evelets, 12 for 20s.— SAGARS STORES, Ardwick,
Manchester. b.l6

AH. BARTLETT, having established an
• Aoiary where there are no bees within many
miles, can supply pure mated Italian Queens and
Nuclei. His Rtoeks of Italians have been tested for
five years for special qualities, and are secon*^ to
none— hardv good di.'iease resisters, extra Drolific.
the best of ''omb and honey producers, also mild
tempered. Orders now booked for Nuclei, June-
Jnlv, 3-f»"ame, well covered with bees and brood,
with 1920 pure ■raa+ed Italian Queen, £2 1!^.;
4-frame, £3 ."i"., mrriaa-e oaid: box 5s.. returnable.
Pnre m!ifed 1920 Italian Queens. .Tune-July. 9s. 6d.,
Aiio'iist-September, 7s. 6d.; Virsrins, 4s. 6d.; safe
delivery: satisfaction fruaranteed. Cash with
orders. List ready shortlv. All Queens rear-^d bv
th'e l>e9t up-to-date method in full '"olonie*. ThWv
vpars' nracfiral ^^xnerience.- A. H. BARTLETT,
Bee Specialist, High Street, Crowthorne, Berks.

b.l7

DUTCH BEES, and Dutch-Italian. 4-frame
Nuclei May. J'uie. rieliverv, orders taken in
'•otation, £3 3? , '•asl' with orders, carriaee paid.
Thev are ih'> Da.ihi M"il strain I h.ave had sev^fp
vpars, and Bee Mason's four years: never ihad
disease; heautifull" clean; healthy —SEALE,
Aohley Cottage, Oatlands Drive, Walton-on-
Thamee, Surrey. b.l9

Feb. 5, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

71

CAN book a few orders for Nuclei of disease-
resisting strain of bees for early delivery.—
CHEESMUR, Forest Apiary, Whiteley Hill, Worth,
Sussex. b.l8

DONT buy bees until you have seen our prices
and guarantee. You risk nothing, as our
bees are sent on, approval. Catalogue 3d., which is
refunded on first order.— PEARSON & GALE,
Marlborough. b.20

WE are reserving a few choice Italian Queens
for the D.B.s for delivery in May, June,
July and August. Prices and particulars on appli-
cation.—S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cam-
bridge. r.a.62

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3-frame, Penna's 1920
Qu«ens (guaranteed), 70s.; Hybrids, Penna's
and Simmins' Special, May-June delivery, £3, car-
riage paid; box returnable. Orders (cash) strict,
rotation.— MOORE, 31. Monmouth Road, Dor-
chester. r.a.65

FOR SALE, Swarms, English strain. Book now
for May and June.— BRISTOW, 47, Auckland
Hill, West Norwood, Surrey. r.a.67

ITALIAN and Hybrid 4-fram« Nuclei, 1920
Queens, £3 3s.; Hybrid Swarms, 10s. lb.;
Fertile Que.ens, May-June lOs. 6d., July-August-
September, 8s. Strongest and best honey gatherers
in the country. All orders booked in rotation; £1
deposit, balance on delivery.— THOMAS CHITTY,
Burleigh Farm, Cassington, Oxon. a. 36

FEW ITALIAN NUCLEI from 1919 Penna
Queens, 3 frames, 50s.; delivery June-July;
boxes 10s. extra, returnable.- LEWIS, J. P., Clar-
beston Road, Pem. r.a.37

STRONG STOCKS of Bees, guaranteed, on 7
frames, with pure selected Italian Queens,
1920: orders booked in rotation for delivery from
beginning of June; price £5. carriage paid; travel-
ling box 10s. extfa, which is returned. Cash with
order, or 25s. deposit and balance by iMay 25. —
MISS F. E. PALING, Golden Square, Henfield,
Sussex. a. 40

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3-frame, young Queens, £3;
boxes 7s. 6d., returnable; Fertile Queens,
10s. 6d.; Virgins, 5s. 6d.; Simmins' and Penna's
strain.— WATTS, Conway Cottage, Newtown,
Parkstone, Dorset. r.a.48

HIVE MAKERS Wanted.— Apply, letters only,
stating age, experience, wages expected, to
LEE, Beehive Works. Uxbridge. Middlesex. a.l3

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price list
for 1920 on application.— Address, E. PENNA,
Bologna, Italy. w.39

WANTED, for scientific purposes, a few live
Bees from diseased or dwindling stocks;
cages sent and expenses paid.— SNELGROVE,
Quadrant. Weston-super-Mare. a.ll

BES FI.OWER SEEDS.

Collection of six best Varieties, Is., post free.

Beautifully Illustrated Instructions Up-to-date.

Garden Guide, 64 pages, Free.

KNIGHT'S,

Sbed Specialists.

Wolverhampton

BOOK NOW.

ITALIAN QUEENS,

Pure Penna Strain.

ASHWORTH,

The Bungalow, Weymouth Street, Warminster.

(late of Heytesbury).

Send for

Bee-Keepers
Wake l)p !

You can make a
Big Profit if you
use right up-to-
date Appliances,
including the

Manley Hive.
MEADOWS,
Syston, Leicester.

BEES. BEES.

BEES.

stocks.

First Quality Dutch (Imported)

£5 per skep.

Terms : Cash with order.

Bees delivered in Spring.

P. BENNETT,

437, Clarkston Road, Glasgow.

BEES. BEES. BEES.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Postage

A Modern Bee rarm 7/6 ... 6d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett) 5/- ... 4d.
BEE-KEEPING SIMPZ.IFIED

FOR THE COTTAGER ANB

SMAIiIiHOIiBER (W. Herrod-

Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/- ... Ija.

BEE-KEEPERS' PRACTICAIi

NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... lid.
BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)
Dissectible Slodel of Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTILISATION OP FRUIT

BLOSSOmS BY BEES (T. W.

CowAN) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) -/2 ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock) 5/- ... 6d.

PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

Serbod-Hempsall. F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.
Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-
lett) 10/6 ... 6d.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.
Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... IJd.

MISCELLANEOUS.
Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.
The Lore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER Edwardes) 2/- ... 2d.

The Humble Bee (F. W. L.

Sladen) 12/6 ... 6d.

THE BEE WORLD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... Id.

British Bee Jonrnal & Record Office,

23. Bedford street, strand, Lonton, W.C.t.

FINEST SECTIONS OF HONEY.

A large quantity for Sale at carriage paid prices,
either Plain or Glazed
IRISH RUN HONEY.
Several cwts. for Sale in quantities to suit cus-
tomers, at carriage paid prices in free tins and
cases.
GORDON ROWE,
Honey and Beeswax Packer,
28a, Moy Road, Cardiff.

72

THE BRITISH BEE JOIJRIS'AL.

Feb. 5, 1920.

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lowing original literature : — " The British

December; and "The Bee World," September, October, and November,

Cbe metal
foundation

(Protected.)

C The triumph of the iKetal founda=

tion is due to the following significant
advantages : — (I) Indefinite durability
with reasonable care ; (2) Greater safety
of bees in transit on new combs ; (3)
Capability of bearing the weight of
a heavy swarm in hot weather ; (4)
Greater comb stability in quick extract-
ing ; (5) Control of drone cells ; (6) The
production of even combs ; (7) Easy re-
moval of queen cells without the
slightest injury to the foundation ; (8)
Cleanliness and adaptability to sterili-
sation by boiling ; (9) Economy of
labour and time in fitting and detach-
ing; (10) An ideal compromise between
the metal comb and the wax founda-
tion.

C The invention has created a world-
wide interest. Its value will be the
more appreciated by studying the fol-
Journal," November 13; "Bee Craft,"
1919.

RETAIL PRICES.

C The HtStal foundation ("worker" type) can now be produced in atiy size required,
whether for the brood chamber or the super, e.g., for the British Standard Frame
(14 in. X SYz in.). Deep Standard (14 in. x 12 in.), Simmins' (16 in. x 10 in.), Lang-
stroth (17% in. x 9J/8 in.), etc., and for their corresponding super frames. Despite
the heavy cost of machinery, metal, etc., it is offered at a price well within the pur-
chasing power oj the average bee-k,eeper. All orders, whether large or small, receive
prompt attention, and are executed in strict rotation, and in good time jor the season.
We have further decided — for the benefit of bee-keepers who are not yet in a position
to place their orders — on taking the risk of a liberal margin of production to meet
unavoidably delayed orders. IS you have not yet made up your mind as to your
requirement, you are still in time to do so.

Cbe Uxbriage OI.B.C. Rive.

C This popular hive, which we originally introduced over twenty years ago, is admir-
able for its water-prooj features, since it eliminates the plinth. It stands supreme
amongst all W.B.C. patterns. You will never regret trying it with your metal
foundation.

»*;,, We allow a Five per cent, discount on all our goods (including the Metal Founda-
tion) to members of the Apis Cluh, who are respectfully requested to jorward their
membership cards when placing orders.

A FINAL REMINDER I To avoid disappointment apply now for the Metal Founda-
tion Price List, and for our 1920 Catalogue.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd.

9 UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

W (Telegrams: Graphic ly. Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

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Feb. 5, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. iii_

" QUEENLAND "

SUPPLIES THE WORLD'S BEST QUEENS.

That's the PubHc Verdict. Do you doubt it ? Then please refer to the spon-
taneous opinions of many cUents, as given in the Revised 1920 " Queenland "
List (32d.) containing 20 pages of instructive reading which will start any un-
fortunate or hesitating beekeeper on the high road to success.

" W.S." BEES WON'T DIE OUT IN WINTER.

That's the General Verdict. You have only to glance through the Queenland
20-page List to find the proofs of this statement. Just give them ordinary care,
with sufficient food to tide over the winter, and nothing can check their
marvellously rapid progress.

DON'T KNOW HOW TO DWINDLE IN SPRING.

That's because of their inherent VIM, as proved by the very frequent reports
that established stocks of these bees are in swarming condition in APRIL. They
have for more than 25 years been selected and bred for that very desirable trait —
Longevity ; hence the reason why the population of the hive is so rapidly piled
up to massive proportions.

READY FOR SUPERS IN APRIL.

That is — before other bees have barely started to build up, as confirmed in
many instances ; showing that " spring dwindling " is not in their line, under
just reasonable treatment.

THEY STORE HONEY WHILE OTHER BEES ARE IDLE.

That's because of their longer tongues and greater strength of wing, enabling
them to visit flowers other kinds never reach. Established stocks of W.S. bees
don't wait for the owner — they just push him along.

THE " WHITE STARS " ARE MOST PROLIFIC AND WONDERFUL HONEY
GATHERERS.

This is a rare combination, but is verified by many reports. Some queens have
exceeded 350 lbs. in one season. In one case a nucleus increased to seven lots,
five of which were sold while the remaining two gave 365 lbs., and the total
sales amounted to over £40 in actual cash the second year. Another nucleus
in Wales covered 40 frames of brood by August of the same year, and before the
next season opened had made eight stocks. Then there is the case of a County
Council delegate who reported that throughout his tour in EVERY CASE where
an owner had done better than the average the results were attributed solely
to the use of Simmins' Queens !

MANY CLIENTS SAY "W.S." BEES ARE IMMUNE FROM DISEASE.

That's because they have been bred by the most intense selection of both DRONE
and Queen mothers for many generations, but S.S. gives no guarantee that they
are absolutely immune, although it is known they have saved numerous apiaries,
and collected tons of Honey that would otherwise have been wholly lost. In
many cases " W.S. " queens have been given to hopelessly weak and diseased
remnants of colonies, and have forthwith raised them to become the strongest
stocks in the apiary ; in one case storing (the same season) 100 lbs, after thus
building up a small diseased lot — some cases reported of diseased remnants
having been renovated by the introduction of W.S. queens have been so remark-
able that S.S. himself has been astounded at the almost mysterious results.

THE " W.S." ARE NOT IMPORTED ITALUNS.

That is a great point to remember ; we have no use for the soft imported Italians,
and could not use the best queen selected from a thousand imported without
causing a serious deterioration in our pedigree stock. The * W.S. " have gone
miles beyond anything that can be imported from Italy.

20 Page Revised List, 3^d., of S. SIMMINS, Queenland, Heathfield, Sussex.

_Jl THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 5, 1920.

quality"

The difference between a good bargain and a bad bargain
is not so much a matter of money as of quality.

All our g^oods have the "Hallmark of Quality" resulting in a large
clientele of SATISFIED customers. Does this mean anything to
you? If so, send for our large Illustrated Catalogue for 1920,

free on application.

R. STEELE &- BRODIE,
Bee Appliance Works, WORMIT, FIFE, SCOTLAND.

Bee-keeping Simplified

FOR THE COTTAGER AND SMALLHOLDER,
By W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, F.E.S.,

Author of " Producing, Preparing, Exhibiting and Judging Bee Produce"
Price Is, net. Post Free 1/li

This little book supplies the need for a cheap up-to-date and well-illustrated handbook
on bee-keeping, and gives in Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall's well-known, clear, lucid style
all that is necessary to enable anyone to commence bee-keeping successfully. From

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL OFFICE, 23, Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C.
••THE fiCERROS AI^ICURB."

SIMPLE CLEAN! EFFICIENT!

For the Prevention and Cure of Foul Brood and other Diseases oi Bees.

DON'T DELAY— ORDER AND USE AT ONCE.

PRICE, with full instructions, 1/8, 2/10 and 5/8, post free. From all the leading Appliance

Dealers, and from

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL & RECORD OFFICE, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2.

The certain cure for i r^ mm ^^ ^r» ¥»» pw^ ^^ a f Proved ^y Bee-keepers

and i'reventative of RfllXl"L?fli generally after testing on

"Isle of Wight" disease. *^^^V» ■ k.l%.V/L. the most hopeless stocks.

Maoufaolured by "Booterol" Limited, London. N."
UEITLEV & JAIIES. I.TD.. MEin.EY HOU SF ^ MlRIHtaiiOX BOAD. IiOKDON. E.G.

The Kent Standard Model Hives & Appliances

TE&TIMONIAL. May 12.

Dear Sir, — I have had an opportunity of comparing the material and workmanship
01 your hives with others on the market, and in my opinion there is no sort of comparison
between the two, yours being altogether superior in every particular. — Yours faithfully,

5. /. BALDWIN, Stanley Road, Bromletj, Kent.

Keep in touch with beekeeping methods in other countries, 4/- per year will bring
you '' L' Apiculture Francaise, ' a leading French monthly bee journal. Send a postal
order to-day to

E. J. BURTT, Manufacturer. GLOUCESTER,

agent also for '^Gleanings in Bee-Cullure" and "The American Bee-Journal,'* each
6/6 per year, post free. Ask for appliance list.

Printed bv the Avenue Press (L. Upcott Gill & Son, Ltd), 55-57, Drurv Lane, London, W.C, and

PUBUSHED FOR THE PROPRIETOR (W. HeRROD- HkmPSALL), BV SiMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON,

Kent & Co., Ltd., 31 & 32. Paternostee Row, E.C.

BbitiSB Beb JotBNiL AND Bbb-kbbpee8' Adviseh, febfuary 12, 1^20.

MAR 1 8 1920

No. 1964. Vol. XLVIII

FEBRUARY 12, 1920.

lPubli$h$d tvertf TkUT$dav, Prlo* 8d.

coiWEiiifrrs.

Bee Legislation 73

Jottings prom Huntingdonshire 73

Bee Notes from Derbyshire 74

Trade Catalogues Received 76

Association News—

Somerset B.K.A 76

PAGE

Questions for Bee-keepers 76

Correspondence —

Bee Legislation 77

Re Hives '. 80

Notices to Correspondents 81

Weather Report 81

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYGOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 years.

This is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exactly as bees
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with wax,
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send for Catalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Catalogue post free.

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO., of U.S.A.
Sole Manufacturer and Licensee:

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN. HERTS.

11

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 12, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Established 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAN, F.Ii.S., &c.,
and J. HEIlBOD-HX:iS£PSAI.I., F.E.S.

Ooprespondenoe : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SatMOriptionS. - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance ; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Eemittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 28.
Hutfpentiff stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in" payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

De metal foundation.

(Protected.)
For the benefit of readers of the JOURNAL
and the Record we have arranged with the
manufacturers of the Metal Foundation to
accept all orders received through our offices
at a consideration in the shape of a 25 per
cent, deposit to begin with, and the balance
by mid-March, or prior to delivery, if earlier.
All orders are guaranteed by them to be
executed not later than April, 1920.
Prices :— (1) BRITISH STANDARD FRAME,
fully fitted with ** worker "
Metal Foundation : Single,
23. 4d. ; per two dozens, 2s. 3d.
each frame; per four dozens
and over, 23. 2d. each frame.
(2) STANDARD SHEET of
" worker " Metal Foundation :
Single, 2s. ; per two dozens.
Is. lid. each sheet; per four
dozens. Is. lOd. each sheet.
Subject to a 5 per cent, discount to members of
the Apis Caub.
Packing & Carriage Extra.
*0* Since the Metal Foundation will bej pro-
duced only to order, no order will be subject
to cancelling.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yoa are advised to insist on tliis being nsed when
dealing witb strangers.

Bales and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be oarefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2i
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque.
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval. — All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as .price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.- The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carnage one way.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

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'Bazaar*' publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —

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British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. HERROD-HEMPSAIiIi. 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, Itondon, W.CJL

Feb. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Bee Legislation.

A meeting of representative bee-keepers,
and others, called by the Ministry of Agri-
culture, was held in the Surveyors'
Institute on the afternoon of Friday,
Feb. 6. Its purpose was to consider the
draft of a Bill dealing with bee diseases,
which is to be presented in the House of
Commons at as early a date as possible.
The Ministry of Agriculture promised
some time ago that bee-keepers should be
consulted before another Bill was pre-
sented, and the meeting was called in re-
demption of that promise. Dr. F. Keeble
was in the chair, and was supported by
Capt. Wellington, Major Garnsey, and
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall. The meeting
was an unqualified success, and we will
give as full a report as possible in a later
issue, also the Bill es soon as it is available
for publication.

Dr. Keeble opened the proceedings with
a very able address, and then called on
Capt. Wellington to explain the draft
Bill. This is, at present, practically the
same as the one before Parliament in 1913,
but, of course, some alterations may be
made when it is before Parliament.
Many bee-keepers will no doubt be dis-
appointed that it is not proposed to make
bee diseases " notifiable," but the reasons
given for the omission were, we think,
sound. The reasons given were, it would
take too much clerical work, and would
involve the appointment of a large
number of inspectors in order to deal with
the very numerous cases that would be
reported ; this, as a consequence, would
entail the expenditure of a large amount
of money, making it doubtful if Parlia-
, ment would accept the Bill in the
interests of national economy.

This statement should allay the fears of
those who were under the impression that
legislation for bee diseases meant letting
loose a horde of badly qualified inspectors
(at big salaries), who would harry all
bee-keepers, good, bad, or indiflFerent, by
calling to compusorily examine stocks of
bees whenever they thought fit — mid-day
or mid-night, at mid-summer, when supers
were on, or at mid-winter, when bees were
taking their winter rest. We believe these
fears to have been groundless in any case,
but the statement made should now wipe
them out altogether.

For our own part, we think the Bill as
good as it is possible to get now. and that
it does not err on the side of harshness.
The main idea is to make it more " educa-
tive " than "legislative."

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

FOE JUVENILE HEADERS.

It was one day last August that, in
plucking a monthly rose, I caught sight
of a worker bee secreted between the
petals, looking sad and desolate.
" Holloa," I said, " what are you doing
here? "

" Please leave me alone," said the bee.
" I have come here to die."

" To die ! Why suet despair, you are
only young? "

" I am truly quite young, as you say,
but being no longer able to gather nectar
and pollen for the hive, owing to my
worn-out wings, I have no desire to live."

" But," I said, " surely you may go to
your hive and help to tidy up, guard your
queen, and let the stronger bees feed
you? "

" I cannot do that; it is a law in the
bee world that when a worker bee is no
longer able to go and gather riches she
must not consume the stores already laid
by, but sacrifice herself for the sake of
her successors ; and even if they would
allow me back, I have been taught that
as soon as I am too weak to forage I must
hide myself in a flower and sleep into
death. So I beg of you to leave me
quietly alone for my few remaining
hours."

I was quite distressed, not knoW'
ing whether to grant her request, or take
her in the house and make her comfort'
able in a nice cosy box, and thus lengthen
her days. I decided to do the latter.
"Come with me," I said; "as I have
plucked your flower, I will take you in
the house, and give you honey and a snug
little home." And so saying I took her
to my study, and, getting a spoonful of
honey, placed her a plate and put her
near it. She flew at once to the window,
which was, fortunately, closed, and buzzed
up and down the glass. I caught her
again, and asked her, sharply, what she
was trying to do, and why she refused my
honey. " I mustn't eat any myself," she
said," " but I must just struggle to my
hive door and tell my younger sisters to
come and clear it up." I seized her gently,
and placed her again on the plate, and
said quite firmly: " I have put this honey
here for you. and not for your sisters, so
take your fill, and then, when you're quite
satisfied, I want you to tell me all you
can about yourself, your mother and
sisters and brothers, and your home."
" Thank you," she said, and saluted me
like a well-trained girl scout. " You seem
kind ; I'll do my best to tell you what I
know." " That's right. Now have your
meal, and then we'll talk." She sucked

/

74

THE BHITISH BEE JOTJRNAL. Feb. 12, 1920.

away at the honey, and enjoyed it, and
after wiping her mouth she began walk-
ing around the edge of the plate with a
" what do you want to know " look as
she passed by me. " Won't you sit down,"
I said, " and rest yourself? " "In a
minute," she said, and made another
attempt to fly, but fell to the floor. I
picked her up, and placed her in my hand.
'' So sorry," said she. " I forgoL the
window was closed. I was going to empty
my honey bag, but I couldn't do it were
the window open, for the weight is too
much for my frayed wings. "Your hand
is nice and warm, but don't squeeze me;
I might forget and sting you. Please let
me walk about; I can't sit still and talk."
" Very well, then ; you can walk up and
down my arm if you wish. Tell me when
were you born? " " Last May; and how
I wondered where I had come to, but my
elder sisters soon told me, and I had to
go to school for a few hours. There the
teachers told me that I should have to
nurse the baby grubs, learn to fly, go
out and visit flowers for nectar and
pollen, and trees for propolis, and to love
and guard my queen, and, when necessary,
to stand at the doorway and keep away
robbers, or ventilate the hive with my
wings, tidy up the hive, and, above all,
learn how to build comb and make cells,
for without these the queen could not lay
eggs, and we could not store honey and
pollen."

" What a lot to learn in so short a
time; you are clever little insects. Now
tell me why you make your cells six-sidedj
and not round."

" Well, you see," said she, "if we
made them round there would be a lot of
waste space between each cell, and we are
taught that all waste is a sin. Sometimes,
when we are working a cell on the outer
edge of a comb, we do make one side
round, because there are no other cells to
fit against it."

" I understand, little bee; but you could
make them sguare, and they would still
fit one against the other."

" O, you funny man. Don't you under-
stand that if our cells were square they
wouldn't fit our bodies, and the sharp
angles of the corners would be siich a
nuisance to us, and how would the grubs
curl up in a square cell? "

" Thanks for explaining it so nicely.
Now let me go back a bit. You said you
were born in May, and in three months
you are worn out. Do no bees live
longer? "

" Oh, yes; teacher told me she was born
last September, and had lived all through
the winter, but then she had not much
to do. until a few weeks before I was born.

She died two months ago, and the reason
I am worn out so soon is because I was
born when the hive was working overtime.
We had so little rest; in fact, I should
have collapsed before this had not July
been so cold, which cold kept us close
home, and gave us a chance of rest. Yet
we weren't a bit happy that month; we
got quite cross sometimes because we
couldn't go out and forage. Of course,
you know, our queens live three or four
years sometimes? "

" Yes, I did know that. Now tell me,
since your usefulness is ended because of
your injured wings, why you have two
pairs instead of one. With one large pair
of wings you could carry more than with
two smaller pairs."

" Of course we could, but how could
we enter a cell had we one broad wing on
each side? By having smaller wings we
can fold them over each other close
against our body, but when we fly they
become one pair of wings. You look sur-
prised; but it's quite truej We have
hooks on our lower wings, which fasten
into a long ridge on our upper wings when
flying, so that's how they become one
wing."

" How interesting; but you are looking
tired ; let me put you in this cosy box ;
you'll find two drops of honey in the
corner. When you've rested I'll have
another long talk with you, for I've heaps
and heaps to ask you. — Bye-bye." — E. F.
Hemming.

P.S. — The elm trees are fully six weeks
more forward than they were last year.
If this means anything at all, it forbodes
a very early honey flow, with a possible
check in May. I shall uncap sealed comb
and commence spring feeding by the end
of this month. There is already plenty of
pollen and propolis available, while daffs,
crocuses, apricot blossom, hazels, willows,
osiers, snowdrops, aconites, poplars, and
the like, are ready to furnish pabulum for
the bees.

Bee Notes from Derbyshire.

As a great lover of bees, I am naturally
a great lover of Nature. I do come
across beemen at times who don't bother
to study Nature ; so long as honey comes
into the hives they neither know nor care
how or where it comes from. Well, I
should say they are not the real beemen,
for I think to follow a bee in all its wan-
derings after food one has to study Nature
very closely, and, after being down the
mine all night at work, I find it a pleasant
recreation to follow the bee in a few of
its ramblings.

Before I kept bees I was engaged in

Tab. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

75

pursuits agricultural. I never could see
half the beauty of the counti-yside that
I was compelled to jive in at that time.
I used to think " What good are all those
trees, only to block out the view? but to
go back to that part of Notts again, after
being a bee-keeper for 20 years, how dif-
ferent.

Watching the first bees I had bringing
in their loads of yellow pollen gave me
a great desire to see where they were
gathering it from, and as it was Easter
Sunday I naturally thought of the
" palm,' or " pussy " willow, as a likely
source for such pollen, so I started out
(on my first Nature study) to find a
" palm " tree; and how interested I was
to see the bees running over the flower
to collect the pollen. But what a lot of
different colour they brought in on that
first April day ! It fairly bewildered me
to see bees worked on so many colours of
flowers ; here was one bee coming in with
the light orange from the dandelion,
there another one with the dark orange
of the furse, or gorse, then the light
colour from the gooseberry. What a world
of interest those few bees had opened up
to me ; and as the season advanced the
more interested I got (especially when the
honey began to come in). Every tree as
it came into leaf or bloom gave me a
greater interest in Nature to watch it,
and see what kind of pollen bees got off
it. In time I got to know practically
every kind of bloom a bee would work on.
Then, as one visits different parts, and I
at various seasons, one comes across trees
that one little thinks bees visit. Thus I
came upon a bee on a maple tree one day
not so long ago. As there were not many
maple trees about where I lived I had not
noticed them at work on them, but as I
travelled about on my bike this autumn,
when the leaves on the trees were all
colours imaginable, how one could spot
the different bee trees from a distance
that one little thought were so near to one
and the bees, and how the maple was a
predominating colour in some parts. It
must give the honey a fine flavour, as I
tasted some in one of those parts, and it
was excellent.

But to come back to the pollen. I can
about always tell what bees are working
on now by the pollen they carry in ; but
the stock that I have among the heather
now — and it was there all last summer —
it beat me hollow one dav in July to know
what kind of a flower they were working
on ; thev were bringing; a pollen home
that I had never seen before, and it was
nlentiful, too. for six out of everv ten
bees trere loaded with it. I looked high
and hv? that day for that pollen plant, or
tTOQ, but I coult3 not find a bee working

on a flower anywhere that gave that
colour of pollen — a kind of a blue-black.
As Mr. Henry Smith, of Darley Dale,
has some large nurseries close to there,
where practically every kind of tree and
shrub are grown, I thought they might be
going there for it, but as the nurseries
are taboo to strangers, I could not get in
to see if bees were finding it in there, so
it is still a mystery to me.

I have never been able to catch the
bees working on rhododendrons. Do
they? Perhaps Mr. Kettle could clear
that up for me ; if they do, then those
bees have a fine feast in store for them
next June, for they are close to the home
of the " rhodos." There are thousands,
all sizes, from 6 in. high to 10 ft. The
soil is a kind of black, loamy, peaty soil,
and part fine white sand. In one part,
all bog moss on here, the rhododendrons
grow to perfection. The bog is grown
over with birch, black firs and " pussy "
willow, and in among these the rhododen-
drons grow to 10 ft. high, 15 ft. turough
the bushes, and once when I saw them
they were solid masses of bloom. Really
a sight to behold, and yet I don't think
half a dozen people saw them, for they
are far from the beaten track ; but they
are there — two or three acres of them.
I should never have been wandering in
that out-of-the-way place to have seen
them if it had not been for the bees.
One can get very close to Nature about
there, and I visit it often when the
heather is in bloom. It grows to four or
five feet in length among those rhodo-
dendrons. The population is very scanty
about there, and it does seem quiet on
a summer evening; not a sound, save the
call of a grouse or a curlew, and how
rarefied the air is. As I sat among the
heather one night last summer I could
hear a brass band playing quite well five
miles away. In London one would scarcely
hear it in the next street.

We will leave those quiet scenes of
purple heather in bloom, with here and
there a patch of white heather. I call it
my flower garden, as I scarcely ever see
anyone else enjoying it but myself.

I take a bike ride across country
40 miles. The harvest is cut in places,
and one can begin to see in the stubble
the clover plant for the next year's clover
honey season. Anyone not interested in
bees would pass by those fields, and never
see them, but the real beeman and lover
of Nature sees them, and wonders and
thinks what a happy time somebodv's bpes
will have next June and July (if the all-
important thing — the weather — is favour-
able) gathering honey from those same
fields.
»»TnM St-EICRT, Clay Cross, Dcfbyshlfo.

76

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 12, 1920.

Trade Catalogues Received.

Mr. E. J. Bv/rtt, Stroud Boad, Glou-
cester.— Mr. Burtt prefaces his catalogue
with a word of advice to beginners as to
the appliances needed, which will be of
great assistance to anyone starting to
keep bees. Those who know nothing of
what is actually required .a,re bewildered
when they look through a catalogue, and
this little advice will be appreciated.
We notice that to all hives having legs
these are specified as oak. The catalogue
is well illustrated.

Messrs. Steel & Brodie, Wormit, Fife. —
A very comprehensive catalogue contain-
ing a number of novelties. Being situated
in the land of heather, this firm naturally
caters more for the producer of heather
honey than other appliance dealers. The
catalogue concludes with a couple of pages
of hints to beginners. We congratulate
Messrs. Steel & Brodie on what we tliink
the best' catalogue they have yet issued.

Mr. E. H. Taylor, Welioyn, Herts.—-
This catalogue is also replete with every-
thing necessary for the bee-keeper. Mr
Taylor also caters for the poultry-keeper,
and a short list of poultry-keeping requi-
sites is given. Several novelties are
listed, including the Bryden wasp trap, a
very ingenious appliance, which, judging
from what we have seen of it, should
prove very useful in wasp infested areas.
Six pages are given to " Hints on Suc-
cessful Bee Management." Mr. Taylor
has been appointed sole manufacturer and
licensee by the Aluminium Honeycomb
Co., of U.S.A., which will be made in the
British standard size, and is listed in his
catalogue.

Somerset Bee-Keepers' Association.

, FROME AND DISTRICT.

The second and third lectures were
given in the Council Schools at Frome
on January 8 and 15. The Rev. Arnold
Cook presided.

The lecturer was Mr. L. Bigg-Wither,
1st class expert and secretary to the
Somerset Bee-Keepers' Association. He
showed some excellent lantern slides, in-
cluding one of the Dutch skeps at the re-
stocking apiary ; also the method of swarm
control and the correct method of work-
ing bar frame hives. He specially dealt
with bee diseases, including " I.O.W."
disease, and Foul Brood, etc. All present
were agreed that the time was over-ripe
for such legislative action as may bo
necessary to protect those loyal bee-
keepers who do all in their power to keep
down disease, whilst often a neighbour
who is a big possessor is affecting the
whole district by exposing diseased stocks.
Legislative powers are essential, and it is
hoped the time is not far distant when

the Government will pass a Bill, and pro-
tect those who are trying to stamp out
this dreaded disease.

He advised all those with any old hives
to 6Corch out the interiors and wash out
with strong disinfectant, burn old combs
and quilts, and paint exteriors.

The method of re-queening yearly was
necessary, as stocks that were strong and
headed by a vigorous queen were more
likely to keep free from disease. He
recommended Hybrid or Italian (prefer-
ably Italian) bees.

He stated that they had received fifteen
Dutch skeps and thirty imported Italian
queens ; they had previously four stocks.
From these they supplied sixty-two nuclei,
and were wintering forty-eight stocks at
their apiaries. Each nuclei sent out was
headed by a pure Italian queen, or a
hybrid, and he was pleased to say that,
up to the present, they had not received
a complaint of disease affecting any of
the nuclei sent out.

He stated that many of our experts
were experimenting with diseased bees,
but up to the present no real cure had
been reported by them, although many
people claimed cures from certain drugs,
etc. Eeplyihg to several persons who re-
quired bees, he stated that they hoped to
be in a position to supply 200 nuclei this
season. The prices would be about 35s.
to 40s. each. He urged them to make an
early application, as 70 were already
booked, and they would be supplied in
strict rotation. He showed the method of
re-queening, making candy, wiring and
fixing foundations in standard frames,
etc. Questions were asked, and all appre-
ciated the lecturer's replies.

A very hearty vote of thanks was passed
to the lecturer at the close of each lec-
ture.— E. G. Hawkins, Hon. Sec.

Questions, etc., for Bee-keepers
for Self-Examination.

(Students are recommended to write
their ansiviers, and check them after-
wards hy reference to hooks.)

473. Describe the Alexander feeder.

474. How may propolis be cleansed from
the hands?

475. Compare the use of full sheets of
foundation in shallow frames with that of
starters.

476. Suggest an outfit for a beginner
who wishes to commence with a swarm and
to work for sections.

477. State fully how wax should be pre-
pared for exhibition purposes.

478. To what portion or portions of the
year is it advised that the operation
known as spreading the brood should be
restricted, and why?

Peb. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

77

479. If a hive be kept without a queen
for, say, 12 days during a nectar flow
what effect might be expected on (1) honey
production and (2) the swarming fever?

480. Give a full explanation of spring
dwindling.

481. Describe the heart of a bee and
state where it is located.

482. Make notes for a 15-minute lecture
on " How to make the best use of an
inferior location for an apiary."

J. L. B.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real names
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Bee Legislation.

[10126] There seems to me to be only
one /real objection to asking for legisla-
tion ; that is, that a Bill may be intro-
duced which insists on the destruction of
" parasite carriers " which show slight
signs of " I.O.W." This would be a dis-
aster, as it would mean the elimination of
many partially immune strains of bees.
Provided we are given an assurance that
this will not be done, I, for one, am
heartily in favour of legislation.

May I, in conclusion, suggest that Miss
A. Parker (and anyone else who is dis-
posed to agree with her) should spend a
little time meditating on what we owe to
research. Scientists, like other people,
sometimes make mistakes ; but, as Huxley
said, the only people who do not are those
who do nothing. — Annie D. Betts, Cam-
berley.

[10127] I have with particular interest
read the various letters on legislation
which have resulted from your generous
invitation. I regret, however, that I have
learned nothing practical from them.
Surely there must be some sound argu-
ments for or against', or the matter could
hardly have developed such strong feeling.
If bee-keeping is to become an estab-
lished industry in this country, we have
a right to expect from the Government the
same encouragement and protection as
other live stock industries, together with
whatever little worries, if any, such en-
couragement and protection bring in their
train.

Since the call for legislation originated
and has been maintained on the disease
question, bee-keepers must expect api-
culture to fall in line with other branches
of farming where diseases may cause losses
which legislation can at least limit — from
experience in other directions, almost
obliterate.

Legislation without education would, of
course, be folly, and it would be useless to.
order notification of bee diseases unless by
publicity, in freely distributed pamphlets,
bee-keepers are given the symptoms which
it is necessary to notify. Publicity musk
also be given to proper treatment, and
evidence of proper treatment must be a
protection against undue interference.

The Diseases of Bees Notification Act
should give such educational facilities
through the county educational authorities
that bee-keepers quickly learn to take
those precautions which will be a safeguard
against the consequences which the oppo-
nents of the Act so much dread.

If there are not to be found men with
sufficient knowledge of bee-culture to draft
a Bill which will help the industry we are
indeed in a poor way. I am optimistic
enough to believe that the intention, of
those who will be responsible for the Bill
is to benefit the industry, and not to wreck
it. I cannot believe that a sufficient lack
of intelligence exists for that intentioned
benefit to result in detriment. — A. Jauman.

[10128] I have read with gi-eat interest
the arguments for and against legislation.
I think that to any broad-minded bee-
keeper it must be plain that in every case
where they are against they are either bee-
breeders, or know very little about bees.
I started bee-keeping in 1896 as a means
of livelihood, and went into it thoroughly,
sparing neither labour nor expense, and
to-day I have no bees, but hundreds of
pounds' worth of bee'hives and appliances
standing out of use through no fault of
my own.

Had there been legislation twenty years
ago to compel careless and dirty bee-
keepers to destroy hopelessly diseased bees
and to remove all disease-infested matter,
I should to-day have had 100 stocks of my
own, which would have been as many as
my wife and myself could manage, in addi-
tion to supervising all the bees in this
district. My trouble has been brought
about bv one "man. who refused my advice
and assistance. This man brought twenty
lots in October. 1900, all badly affected
with foul brood. He placed them in his
garden, w^iich is about 200 vards from my
home apiarv, and about 300 yards from
my Crease Drove apiary, thus making it
necessarv for me to hire standing room
for the swarms from another small apiary
four miles from home, where I was allowed

78

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Fet. 12, 1920.

to keep only a limited number of stocks
on account of its proximity to grazing
cattle.

Previous to " I.O.W." disease reaching
this district, I acted as expert to the Lin-
colnshire B.-K.A., and in my rounds I
found that my case was not an isolated
one.

I found in all cases where they were
against legislation the bees were affected
with disease.

I have seen stocks of bees on station
platforms, sent out from Bee Masters, in
Buch a dirty condition that had they been
sent to me I would not have allowed them
to enter my apiary. I could make no mis-
take as to where they came from, as the
Bee Master's name was printed on the
label. I have seen others returned from
-Scotland with " Full of Foul Brood "
written across the label. I think there is
ample proof that legislation is necessary
if bee-keeping is to prosper. One thing is
certain, the honest honey-producing bee-
keeper has nothing to fear from legisla-
tion. For many years my apiaries were
inspected by experts of the Lincolnshire
B.-K.A., and I have yet to meet the first
one either unreasonable in their inspection
or careless with disease. In fact, I found
them at all times courteous and con-
siderate, and derived much benefit from
their advice and help.

Re " I.O.W." disease. All the time I
was fighting foul brood in my home apiary
only this terrible plague was surrounding
the district, until in July, 1915, the
disease made its appearance in one of my
out apiaries, and in a few weeks the whole
lot, consisting of twenty-two stocks, were
wiped out. I shall never forget the sight.
The garden was literally covered with
crawling bees; and I had been so proud
of the fact that no disease had ever
reached any of my out apiaries. This
apiary was on the Peterborough side of
Crowland. By 1914 the disease - had
reached Eye Green and Thorney, and did
desperate work with the bees. I had bees
in the neighbourhood of both these places.

At Eye Green there was an apiary in
which all the bees died of " I.O.W."
disease in 1914. The hives with the combs
on which the bees died were left with the
entrances open, and were robbed by the
live bees in the neighbourhood. They
contracted the disease and died, until not
a single stock remained alive.

In the spring of 1915 I called several
times upon the owner of this infected
apiary, and asked him if he would clear
the hives of the infected combs, so that
the disease mi^ht be checked, as our bees
were not then iftfected; but all my appeals
were in vain, with the above resuit.

I still hoped to sav© ray Whaplode
Drove apiary, m 4* "tfU B>{ght. miles h^m

the one at Eye Green, but in 1917 it
reached there. In the intervening eight
miles there were over 2'0O stocks of bees
which were all wiped out.

I maintain this is a national as well as
a personal loss. Before disease came I
produced an average of one ton of honey
per season, every pound of which was fit
to go on the show bench. I have ex-
hibited honey, and won prizes, in every
part of the United Kingdom, and main-
tain that the loss of the stock of the honey-
producing bee-keeper is a national one,
which can, and ought to be, protected by
legislation. — F. W. Frusher, Swiss
Apiary, New Eoad, Crowland, Peter-
borough.

[We visited our friend in the time of
his trouble, and can vouch for all he says.
He has not told half the story of his
gallant fight against disease, or the nights
and days spent by one of the best of wives
in boiling, scraping, and burning appli-
ances, quilts, etc. A cleaner apiary it
would be impossible to find. 'To such an
extent was this carried out that in the
bedroom in which we slept stood the honev
extractor, so brightly polished that we used
it as a shaving mirror. — Eds.]

[10129] I most certainly do not agree
with the suggestion put forward by Mr.
Bryden. What I should like to see is
free, frank and open discussion by exten-
sive and other bee-keepers before ant
Bill is drafted. Those who have had
any experience with legislation know how
exceedingly difficult it is to have changes
made in tihe wording of a Bill once it has
been drafted. - 1 also know, being in touch
as I am with those who last opposed legis-
lation, what a large amoiint of assistance
could be given to the Ministry of Agri-
culture by such a meeting before the Bill
is drafted, thereby saving time, which is
money.

I also know that there are many of us
who would like to know and decide upon
the means to be used to eliminate disease.
I should like to hear which opinion held
by scientists is to be followed as to the
cause of " I.O.W." Is it spread by con-
tact of bees? Is it spread by a diseased
adult bee feeding another, either in larvso
form or matured life? Is it spread by a

SOURCE QUITE OUTSIDE OP THE STOCKS'*

If every bee in Great Britain were killed
to-day, everything likely to come in con-
tact with the bee in the apiary disinfected,
would we overcome "I.O.W.'^'?

I have given at a meeting in Cambridge
a discovery I made years ago in connec-
tion with foul brood (when investigating
" I.O.W."), which proves that our present
ti'L^tment for eradicating foul brood is not
h'koty In every case to produce the definite
^Umltttttion of this disease unless we r*-

Feb. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOIJRNAE.

79

move the queen. Bee-keepers certainly
should, in all honesty, pay towards the
cost of their own protection, and for the
benefits they would receive under sound
legislation; and I have laid before this
county a scheme by which they would be
put to a minimum of expense, be inde-
pendent of political changes and bureau-
cracy. I will not enlarge upon it here,
as you will, no doubt, have a copy of
minutes. — G. Thomas, The Causeway,
Burwell, Cambs.

[10130] As a bee-keeper for over fif-
teen years, having seen the ravages of
foul brood and " I.O.W." in several dis-
tricts, I am most decidedly in favour of
legislation. Many opponents seem to
have created a " bogey " in their minds
— of a Government official who they seem
very much afraid of ! What would have
been England's bill of health to-day with-
out the care and solicitude displayed by
the various health officers — sanitary and
milkshop inspectors, etc., together with
notification of diseases (infectious), in-
cluding that scourge, tuberculosis? In
one district I saw a bee-keeper of the
" old school " who professed to know
more than his fellows of the " I.O.W."
scourge, and contended it was due to lack
of pollen, but his apiaries dwindled, rot-
withstanding frequent purchases, and at
the end some of the stocks were un-
mistakably aflFected with " I.O.W.," and
on a sale were scattered far and wide. I
daresay many of the stocks are now dead.
Yet such a man was held up in the local
Press as an " expert." Had the Board
of Agriculture the necessary power,
drastic action (to the common good of all
bee-keepers in the locality) would doubt-
less have been taken. Let the majority of
apiarists decide. I have over thirty
stocks (in some of which I had sealed
brood on the 16th ult.), and am thor-
oughly convinced that apiculture should
no longer be allowed to drift as heretofore.
Associations can do useful persuasive work
sometimes, but it, after all, is very
limited, and of no use with " stiff-necked "
people. — G. M.

[10131 ] I have been interested in the
various letters against legislation that
have been appearing in your journal.
With all the beneficent results of legisla-
tion in the case of infectious diseases
among humans and animals before our
eyes, I cannot understand the objection
to it in principle. I caoi understand the
objection that people might have to their
stocks being examined by inspectors not
properly cognisant of what I might call
surgical cleanliness ; I can also understand
th© fear of their abuse of their powers.
But, ^h%nj the law migh^ provide against

these by proper education of its officers,
and by protecting the property rights of
bee-keepers. It seems to me that many
correspondents do not approach the ques-
tion from the right angle. The point to
ask ourselves is this : Are we likely to
advance bee-keeping by a good law,
properly administered, or not? I say
most emphatically that we are.

At St. Just, here is a case for legisla-
tion : foul brood 200 yards from where I
am, another apiary at my elbow — so far
free — and no redress and nothing done.
An apiary of 30 stocks a quarter of a mile
away, well run and always fighting it.
No " I.O.W." — which is a blessing — ^west
of Penzance.— C. S. Morris, M.R.C.S.,
L.R.C.P.

[10132] As you invite readers of The
British Bee Journal to give their
opinion re legislation for bee disease, I
must at once say I am against it, and the
only ones that I can see who wish for it
are those who have been unfortunate
enough to lose all their bees, so they have
nothing to lose. I have been a bee-keeper
for a number of years, and am glad to say
all my bees are strong and healthy. I take
every precaution to keep disease away
from them, although I believe them to bo
quite immune from "Isle of Wight"
disease. But, at the same time, if in-
spectors are to go round from one apiary
to another, it is a very certain thing they
are going to spread the disease instead
of preventing it; and then, again, these
inspectors are to visit one's apiary at any
time and in any weather, of course. That
would be one of the greatest mistakes.
Perhaps it would be wet and cold, or when
one had three or four supers on each hive
or when queen-raising, and any bee-keeper
knows what that would mean. Then, in
the last Bee Disease Bill it stated : " 5 (1)
An inspector of the Board, or of the local
authority, may at any time, accompanied,
if he thinks fit, by an expert adviser and,
..." etc. That shows that each inspec-
tor would not be a bee expert, and should
certainly not be allowed to pull anyone's
hives to pieces to examine the bees, for
only an expert would be able to tell if bees
were diseased or not, and there are few
of them who could tell in its early stage.
No, sir, this certainly will never do. Now
for the other side of the question. It
certainly is not right for anyone to leave
hives standing about in which bees have
died of any disease, and anyone commit-
ting such an offence should be severely
dealt with, for H is a menace to the whole
district ; and I think if something could
be done on the same lines as Mf. D. J.
Hemming suggests (10,043) in B.B.J. ,
November 37, 1910, it would bo successful

80

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 12, 1920:

all round. And if bee-keepers look this
number up and read it carefully they
will understand it better than by just
glancing at it, and I don't think any good
bee-keeper would object to it. — H.
Cheesman.

[10133] You are undoubtedly doing
bee-keepers a favour in allowing them to
use the Journal to ventilate their views
concerning legislation for bee diseases.
The real question at issue is : Would
legislation ,free our bees from disease?
Upon that question we are divided. We
have quoted to us that legislation has
proved effectual in combating diseases in
cattle. But cattle are not in the habit of
flying. It is different with bees. One
cannot isolate theni so easily. We should
also have to stop the free import of
honey, or get a guarantee that
it is free from disease, or every
exposed unwashed honey-jar would
be a source of danger (if disease
is spread by infection). Is it not a case
of " Physician! heal thyself? " Have we
yet found the cause of disease (" I.O.W.")
or discovered the remedy? If the advo-
cates of legislation, instead of trying to
rule the roost and seeking Grovernment
posts, were first to put their ovm houses
in order, and spend their energies in seek-
ing to find the cause of the disease and
then discover a remedy, they would be
doing something commendable, and
ultimately win the praise of all. Or will
the Government give a guarantee that
there will not he any inspectors appointed
with their salaries in the aggregate
running into thousands of pounds if we
have legislation? Because, although the
Government pay, we have to find the
money; a fact ofttimes forgotten. My
convictions are that legislation . will
stamp out more bee-keepers than bee
diseases, and the situation will only be
saved by research work and individual
effort, with the free import of bees until
we have such a virile race of bees that
they are immune from disease, and instead
of being bound hand and foot, with red
tape and officialism and a burden of
expenses around our necks, we shall be a
free people, following a profitable and
pleasure-giving industry. — Joshua B.
Crewes.

[AVe haye a number of other letters on
legislation, all but one of which are in
favour. As will be seen from our " Edi-
torial," Bee Legislation is now well on
the way, and we do not, therefore, proiwae
to publish any further letters. Those
given this week were already in type.
We shall, of course, give facilities for dis-
cussing the provisions of the proposed Bill
as soon as we are able to print the draft.
—Eds.]

Re Hives.

[10134] At the fall of the honey season,
1919, I complained regarding the narrow-
ness of the present-day hive, which gets
to bursting heat, and simply 'becomes a
swarm box. I don't complain regarding
the make, as I have now a hive that has
stood a gale a man could not walk -
against, and the roof and hive were
water-tight, and roof needed no stone
or rope to keep it on. What my trouble
developed into was this. Bees come from
the mountains of Austria, Italy and
Cyprus, some little way up the mountains,
shaded from cold winds, but enjoying a
warm air, not the hot stifle of the plains.
Swarming is not known. Years back,
when a boy, we used wide hives, and the
bees enjoyed warm air, and plenty of
room to winter down without being air-
tight, with that stuff called " American
cloth," and we enjoyed the honey flow
without swarming, unless forced. Shal-
low frames had only just come in, and
the extractor was little known. The
honey was sold in bars, cut out and put
on dishes at the tea shops by the lump.
Sections were used in quantity. Very
thin foundation was used. As I stated
above, I saw the trouble, and I deter-
mined to go back to the wider hive, with
frames ' across the brood box, for easier
manipulation. I wrote a well-known manu-
facturer, and put my trouble before him.
He asked me to choose a hive, and he
would build to my requirements. I chose
the well-known C.D.B. hive, with patent
floor vent for hot days, fixed up.

This, which arrived in the flat, I
erected (dovetailed), which, if time is
taken and it is not slammed together,
just gentle taps with a mallet, the fit is
perfect.

The hive consists of a large body brood
nest, that fits on the floor board, and can
be taken bodily off to clean. The middle
board slips out. The brood nest takes
eleven frames, which is a boon to rear a
queen at the back of the hive, or to add
another comb the right time before a
swarm. The large 9-in. lift allows
21 ins. between super and outer c^scs, so
one can get one's arm down to tuck m
quilts, and also see the supers are on
straight, which does away with endless
stripping of lifts, which the bees get to
know, and are ready to play the deuce
with the unfortunate owner.

The hive is warm in winter, allowing
warm air without draught, with a wired
honey board over the combs, or a Uymer
board, so the queen is not confined to one
comb, which means a small lot of bees
in the spring. There still remains the
dear old " Cowan " hive that gives these
a,dvantages.

I find wire excluders a great advantage,

Feb. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

81

as one does not see bees all fanning at
the entrance, which is hateful to watch.
I have heard they bend, and allow the
queen up, which is all rubbish, A careful
man need never bend a wire; heavy-
handed men, who throw things about,
deserve to get their honey spoilt.

The only alteration I have made is to
add two board cheeks to the porch, to
protect the bees from the wind. Some
hives have an apology for a porch ; wind
and rain play havoc with the bees not
protected. Watch a new brood come oiit
for the first time, with no proper porch,
and see them blown on to the grass, in
many cases never to rise again.

I also use a Swiss entrance, which is a
boon against robbing and wasps ; but if a
zig-zag entrance, this is removed in the
winter, and an 8-in. " Silver " entrance
put in its place to stop dwindling from
sunlight, and it is removed in May. I
hope to send photos of this hive working
at a future date. I am in favour of small
apiaries keeping one hive for feeding bees
in autumn. — Cyril Tredcroft.

Correspondents desiring an answer in the next
issue should send questions to tench this office
NOT LATER thanthe FIRST POST on MONDAY
MORNING. Only SPECIALLY URGENT ques-
tions will be replied to hy post if a STAMPED
addressed envelope is enclosed. All questions must
be accompanied by the sender's name and address,
not necessarily for publication, but ds a guarantee
of good faith. There is no fee for answering
questions.

PRICE OF SUGAR.

In answer to numerous inquiries as to the price of
sugar, we are at present unable to give any
information. We are makins? inquiries, and will
reply soon as we hear anything.

A. L. Jackson (Walsall). — Feeding wifh golden
sj/rwp.— Neither this or treacle are suitable for
bee food.

"Swarm" (Worcs.).— Trert^meni of skeps.—LH' the
bees stay as they are until the skeps are almost
full of bees, which will probably be from early
April to middle of May, then transfer to a
movable comb hive, as directed on page 149 of
" The British Bee-keepers' Guide Book," using
1Q frames of foundation. The treatment for foul
brood would not avail for " I.O.W." disease.
Get the skep home early in March. If the queen
appears to be failing, re-queen as, soon as the
bees have been transferred to the mew hive,
otherwise do it as .«oon as the honev flow is over,
say, about end of July. If you buy a .stock that
has wintered it should have a " spring clean-
ing" early in April, and the hive be wa.=-hed
out with disinfectant, or transfer the bees to a
clean hive.

"Inquirer" (Aberdeen).— Moj'/nfir stocks.— (1) and
(■2). We should say the best time for moving
them in vonr part of the country would be early
Auril. (3) A spring cart would he the most suit-
able conveyance. (4) Yes. (5) It wonld take up
too much spaee to answer this. Full instructions

on " Packing Bees for Transit " were given in
the Record for November and December. 1916.
We can send them post free for 6d. (6) We do
not care for clipping the queen's wings. Give
extra room a little in advance of the bees'
requirements.

Weather Report.

Westbourne, January, 1920.

Rainfall, .3-77 in.

Heaviest fall, •75 in.
on 10th.

Rain fell on 23 days.

Above average, l"07in.

Maximum tempera-
ture, 53 on 11th and
31st.

Minimum tempera-
ture, 20 on 7th and'
8th.

Minimum on grass, 16

op 7th.
Frosty nights, 11.
Mean maximum, 46 '8.
Mean minimum, 34 9.
Mean temperature, 40 8
Above arerage, 2 '5
Maximum barometer,

30-544 on l(jth.
Minimum barometer.

29-1.36 on 11th.

L. B. BiRKETT.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per ^in., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Orders for three or. more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

BEES FOR SALE.— Several small Stocks, on six
combs, of honey fed. healthy Bees, £3 10s.
each; travelling box 10s., refunded if box returned
in sound condition within seven days. Stamp for
reply.— REED, Primrose House, Heacham, King's
liynn. b.30

OFFERS WANTED.^Cwt. Honey, sample 6d.;
also 50 Sections.— NEWMAN, Farmadine
Grove, Saffron Walden, Essex. b.31

THIRTY Loganberry Plants, 10s. 6d. dozen; car-
riage extra.— GARNER, Plainwood, Wymond-
ham, Norfolk. b.32

SECTIONS, first grade, two dozen heather, six
dozen clover; season's best; sell reasonable. —
PHILLIPS, Kirkbride, Carlisle. b.33

PURE Light English Honey, good quality, in
1-lb. Mono" pot.s. Is. 9d. per lb.— MISS E.
JOHNSON, Ripple Hall, Tewkesbury. b.34

PURE Dnglish Honey, mainly white clover, in
14- and 28-lb. tins, £9 per cwt., carriage paid.
Reduced price for larger quantity.— WELLS,
Claudius Road, Colchester. b.35

COMPLETE set of new Appliances, never used;
also Hives, used one season; no disease. —
GREEN, Winterley, Sandbach. b.36

82

THE BRITISH BEE' JOUENAL. Eet. 12, 1920.

A.C\Ci K.O^TS' extra polished plain Sections, 28s.,
^\J\J carriage paid. Wanted, Geared Extractor
and large Ripener.— VIDLER, Pevensey, Sussex.
^ ^b.21

PURE LIGHT BERKSHIRE HONEY.-66-lb.
tins, 105s.; 28-lb. tins, 54s.; 1-lb. screw-cap
bottlee, 32s. dozen; 1-lb. hygienic pots, 30s. dozen;
tins free; sample 6d.— STIMSON, " Sunnyside "•
Apiary, Bradfield, Berks. b.22

MICROSCOPE for Sale, Beck's " Star," nickel-
plaled, § and ith objectives, two eyepieces,
condensers, and other accessories, 84s.— GEARY,
Florist, Barwell, Hinckley. b.23

WANTED, Geared Extractor, with reversible
cages; deposit.— Box 64, B.B.J. Office, 23,
Bedford Street, W.C.2. b.24

WANTED, Cheshire's " Bees and Bee-keeping,"
Vols. I., II.— CHARLES HANSELL, 56,
BLrkendale. Sheffield. b.25

PURE Light English Honey, granulated, in
28-lb. tins, £9 cwt.; sample 6d.; tins and case
free.— WELLS, Bowers Lane, Isleham, Cambs.

D.36

JOHN RUMBALL will sell 16 Stocks, five
Penna's Italians, £5 each; 10 Hybrid-Italian,
£4 10s. each, 1919 Queens; also 2 cwt. Herts Clover
Honey, J cwt., 1 cwt. tins, free, £10 cwt., f.o.r.—
Ayot St. Lawrence Apiary, Welwyn, Herts, b.27

BEES.— Three healthy Stocks for Sale, Italians,
good disease-resisting strain, £4, £5, and £6
each.— WALKER, Portway, Street, Somerset, b.as

FOR SALE, owing to removal, four healthy
Stocks of Bees and Hives in good condition,
£5 10s. each. £20 'the lot; Geared Extractor, good
conditioh, 35s.; sundry Section Racks, Frames,
etc., cheap; all carriage forward.— H. V. BAKES,
Brandsby. Easingwold. b.29

WEEK-END BEE-KEEPING.-Chapter II.,
" When the Cuckoo Calls," will be out
March 1. Subscriptions now due; 2s. 6d.— SMITH,
Cambridge. b.37

FOR SALE, 4 cwt. Pure Cambridgeshire Honey,
£8 10s. cwt., in 56-lb. tins. Will accept £8
cwt. to clear.— SULMAN, Tithe House, Wilburton,
Cambs. b.44

FOR SALE, about 2 cwt. fine Extracted Welsh
Honey; guaranteed pure.— JAMES, Adpar,
Newcastle Emlyn. r.b.3

PURE Light Essex Honey, in 14- and 28-lb. tins.
Is. 6d. per lb., free tins, and on rail; boxes
returnable.— TUNMER, The Apiary, Maldon.
Essex. b.5

PLANT now for the bees, strong fruiting Rasp-
berry Canes. 2s. 6d. per dozen, 8s. for 50; also
Strawberry Runners, Is. per dozen, 6s. per 100, best
varieties, carriage paid; cash with order.— HALL,
Highfield Lodge, Balderton, Newark. r.b.6

WANTED, at once, six Stocks Italians; also
4-frame Extractor. Cowan's. Lowest prices
for cash.- JACKSON. Hollins, Abergavenny, b.8

A VACANCY occurs for a Pupil on an old estab-
-tj lished bee farm. Opportunity will be given
to learn bee-keeping on a big scale.— Aoply, Box
61, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2. r.a.57

WANTED, Maid to assist with housework.-
Apnly, MRS. W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, The
Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

JT.ALTAN BEES on 6 frames, headed by Penna's
1920 imported direct Queen, delivery June,
£4 10s.— ENNEVER, Oak Avenue. Ridgewav.
Enfield. a.56

7A SECTTONS. 2 cwt. Extracted, 12 dozen screw

< V tops; Ratrmle 6d.~A. W. SIMCOX, 1?» Vto-

tona Road, fc%.l]lftgs Park, Wolv«tiift.tMp»oa. f.%.68

PURE light Cambridge Honey. 14-Ib. tine,
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. tins, 42s., carriage paid;
sample 4d.; tins free.— J. YOUNGER, 6, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. a.66

CORRESPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING. Golden Square, Hen-
field, Sussex. r.a.54

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.- Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HBMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beda.

WANTED. Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HEBROD-HEMPSALL. as above.

OR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, He., post
free; one Wood Maine Motor Foot Pump, 468.,
carriage free.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

BUSINESS ADVJBBTISISMENTS.
lid. per word.

TWO CONTINENTS and seven world-known
breeders sent queens to produce Outlook Bees.
Four-frame Nucleus, despatched in May, 3 gs. —
JOHN WM. PRICE, The Outlook, Maidstone.

b.39

WENSUM VIEW APIARY.— A limited number
of 4-frame Nuclei of healthy bees for Sale,
with newly-imported Italian Queens, May, June
delivery, 50s.. plus 10s. on box. refunded on return
in sound condition.— C. R. DENNINGTON, 121,
Nelson Street, Norwich. b.40

FOR SALE, Nuclei, 1919 Queens, three frames,
47s. 6d.; four, 52s. 6d., May; Hybrids, young
Queens, ready June; returnable cases 7s. 6d.
Journal deposit.— A. H. HAMSHAR, Wonersh,
near Guildford. b.41

5 -FRAME NUCLEI. 1919 Queens. Italians and
Blacks, £3. Book early for April and May
delivery. Also Appliances for Sale.— iMISS
BURDER, Chiltington, Lewes. b.42

A LADY WRITES :—" They are so gentle that
I can do almost anything with them,
although I have never yet used a smoker."
3-comb Nuclei (on approval) from 35s. Order now.
Catalosrue 3d., returned on first order.— PEARSON
& GALE, Marlborough. b.43

STRICTLY BUSINESS.— Flavine Candy, in 6-lb.
lots, 7s. 6d., post paid, cash and sugar certi-
ficates; Japanned Sprayers, 5s.; Wire Clearer
Boards, 6s. 6d.; " Intpnsive Ree-keening." 6d.;
"Let the Bees Tell Yon!" 2p.-S. H. SMITH,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. b.38

WATERPROOF RUBBER «!HEETS for cover-
ing outhouses, etc., 72in. by 36in., brass
eyelets, 12 for 20s.— SAGARS STORES, Ardwick,
Manchester. b.l6

AH. BARTLETT, having cstabli.shed an
• Aoiary where there are no bees within many
miles, can supply pure mated Italian Queens and
Nuclei. His «tocks of Italians have been tested for
five ypars for special qualities, and are second to
none— hard V .grood di.'sease resisters, extra prolific,
the best of '■omb and honey producers, also mild /
tempered. Order.' now booked for Nuclei, June-
July, 3-frame, well covered with bees and brood,
with 1920 pure mated It.ilian Queen, £2 ISs.;
'•-frame, £3 !t^.. carriage oaid; box 5s.. returnable.
Pure mited 1920 Italij^n Queens, June-July. 9s. 6d.,
Au'rust-Septemher, 7s. 6d.; Virffins, 4s. 6d.; safe
delivery: ?ati.sfaction guaranteed. Cash with
orders. List ready shortly. All Queens rear'>d by
the h-pst UD-to-date method in full colonies. Thirty
vears' nr<irtical <ixnerience.— .^. H. BARTLETT,
Bee Specialist, High Street, Cfowthorne, Berks.

b.l7

FOR S.\LE, Swiirnw, Enaltsh slfnln. Book now
fof Mav anrl J«ne.'-mu»l;^W, il, AocKlanrt
Hill. Wft?t NwrwftOKi, Surrey. r.t.^T

Feb. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

83

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3-frame, Penna's 1920
Queens (guaranteed), 70s.; Hybrids, Penna's
and Simmins' Special, May-June delivery, £3, car-
riage paid; box returnable. Orders (cash) strict
rotation.— MOORE, 31, MonmoutJi Road, Dor-
chester. r.a.65

WE are reserving a few choice Italian Queens
for the D.B.6 for delivery in May, June,
July and August. Prices and particulars on appli-
cation.—S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cam-
bridge^ r-a62

ITALIAN and Hybrid 4-frame Nuclei, 1920
Queens, £3 3s.; Hybrid Swarms, 10s. lb.;
Fertile Queens, May-June 10s. 6d., July-August-
Septembcr, 8s. Strongest and best honey gatherers
in the country. All orders booked in rotation; £1
deposit, balance on delivery.--THOMAS CHITTY,
Burleigh Farm, Cassington, Oxoh. a.36

HIVE MAKERS Wanted.— Apply, letters only,
stating age, experience, wages expected, to
LEE. Beehive Works, Uxbridge. Middlesex. a.l3

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price list
for 1920 on application.— Address, E. PENNA,
Bologna, Italy. w.39

WANTED, for scientific purposes, a few live
Bees from diseased or dwindling stocks;
cages sent and expenses paid.— SNELGROVE,
Quadrant, Weston-super-Miarei a.ll

BEB FI.OWEB SEEDS.

Collection of six best Varieties, Is., post free.

Beautifully Illustrated Instructions Up-to-date.

Garden Guide, 64 pages. Free.

KNIGHT'S,

S^D SPBCIjaiSTB,

Wolverhampton.

Dutch Bees.

I have been appointed fiiole Agent for Hans
Matthes, the Dutch Bee Farmer who supplied the
British Government last season with Skeps for
their County Re-stocking Scheme. Hans Matthes
also supplied me with what Skeps I required last
year.

Last autumn I got a large consignment over
from Holland, and am presently wintering these
at my Apiary here.

To those desirous of testing these Dutch Bees. I
will be pleased to send on my Illustrated Cata-
logue, containing much information regarding
the hardiness, prolificacy, disease-resisting, and
honey-gathering characteristics of this race of bee.

Address—

R. WHYTE,

The Bee Farm,

Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.

BOOK NOW,

ITALIAN QUEENS,

Pure Penna Strain.

ASHWORTH,

The Bungalow, Wevmotith Street, Warminbtee.

(late of Heytesbury).

Send for

'Bee-Keepers
Wake Up !

You can make a
Big Profit if you
use right up-to-
date Appliances,
including the
Manley Hive.
MEADOWS,
SvsioN, Leicester.

BEES. BEES. BEES.

First Quality Dutch (Imported) Stocks.

£5 perskep.

Terms : Cash with order.

Bees delivered in Spring.

P. BENNETT.

437, Clarkston Road, Glasgow.

BEES. BEES. BEES.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Postage

A. Modern B€€ Parm 7/6 ... 6d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett) 5/- ... 4d.
BEE-KEEPING SUMCPIiIPZED

POB THE COTTAGER AJND

SMAZiIiHOZiBEK (W. Herrod-

Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/- ... l^d.

BEE-KEEPERS' PBACTICAIi

NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... l^d.
BRITZS'H BEE - KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)
Dissectible Model of Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTILISATION OP PRTJIT

BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) -/2 ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock) 5/- ... 6d.

Management of Out Apiaries 3/- ... 3d.
PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

Sereod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.
Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-
lett) 10/6 ... 6d.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening •/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRATT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.
"Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... I4d.

MISCELLANEOUS.
Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.
The Lore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER Edwaedes) 2/- ... 3d>

The Humble Bee (F. W. L.

Sladen) 12/6 ... 6d.

THE BEE WORLD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/S ... Id.

British Bee Joarnal & Record Office,

28, Bedford Strebtt, Stband, London. W.C.t.

FINEST SECTIONS OF HONEY.

A large quantity for Sale at carriage paid pricea,
either Plain or Glazed
IRISH RUN HONEY.
Several cwts. for Sale in quantities to suit cus-
tomers, at carriage paid prices in free tins and
cases.
GORDON ROWE,
Honey and .Beeswax Packer,
28a, Moy Road, Cardiff.

_84 THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 12, 1920.

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m metal
foundation

, (Protected.)

C The triumph of the IHetal fOUnda^
tiOtI is due to the following significant
advantages : — (1) Indefinite durability
with reasonable care ; (Z) Greater safety
of bees in transit on new combs ; (3)
Capability of bearing the weight of
a heavy swarm in hot weather; (4)
Greater comb stability in quick extract-
ing ; (5) Control of drone cells ; (6) The
production of even combs ; (7) Easy re-
moval of queen cells without the
slightest injury to the foundation; (8)
Cleanliness and adaptability to sterili-
sation by boiling; (9) Economy of
labour and time in fitting and detach-
ing; (10) An ideal compromise between
the metal comb and the wax founda-
tion.

C The invention has created a world-
wide interest. Its value will be the
more appreciated by studying the fol-
British Bee Journal," November 13; "Bee Craft,"

1919.

lowing original literature : — " Thi

December; and "The Bee World," September, October, and November,

RETAIL PRICES.

€L The inetal foundation (" worker " type) can now be produced in any size required,
whether for the brood chamber or the super, e.g., for the British Standard Frame
(14 in. X SYz in.). Deep Standard (14 in. x 12 in.), Simmins' (16 in. x 10 in.), Lang-
stroth (\7Yq in. x 9Yq in.), etc., and for their corresponding super frames. Despite
the heavy cost of machinery, metal, etc., it is offered at a price well within the pur-
chasing power oj the average bee-keeper. All orders, whether large or small, receive
prompt attention, and are executed in strict rotation, and in good tin%e for the season.
We have further dez^Cfd — for the benefit of bee-keepers who are not yet in a position
to place their orders — on taking the risk of a liberal margin of production to meet
unavoidably delayed orders. Ij you have not yet made up your mind as to your
requirement, you are still in time to do so.

Cbe Uxbridgc m.B.C. Rive.

C This popular hive, which we originally introduced over twenty years ago, is admir-
able for its water-prooj features, since it eliminates the plinth. It stands supreme
amongst all W.B.C. patterns. You will never regret trying it with your metal
foundation.

^*i^ We allow a Five per cent, discount on all our goods (including the Metal Founda-
tion) to members of the Apis Club, who are respectfully requested to forward their
membership cards when placing orders.

A FINAL REMINDER I To avoid disappointment apply now for the Metal Founda-
tion Price List, and for our 1920 Catalogue.

_ »— —

i JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd.

a UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

W (Telegrams : Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone : Uxbridge 181.)

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Feb. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

We Save you 50 to 100
per Cent, by Taking Over
your usual Serious Risks,

^^ao^^BB

As evidence of our advanced methods of doing
business in absolutely ensuring the interests of
our clients, it may be stated : —

(1) For more than Thirty years we have QUtlf^tttCCd safe introduc-

tion of our queens at a small extra fee for such Insurance.

(2) For some Twenty-five years every *' White Star " queen sent

out has been (UdrfiltltCd for Six Weeks.

(3) In respect of nuclei, we have always made it a point to

GU^fcltltCC to replace any queen lost therefrom up to
10 days from delivery, even if the purchaser himself acci-
dentally loses the queen.

(4) Every nucleus by rail, and every queen by post, we have

always m^rr^tttCd to arrive in good condition.

Can you get the same Terms elsewhere?

''W.S." Pedigree Bees and Queens at Nominal

Prices,

It is well known that Pedigree Farm Stock, Horses, &c., realise
prices '^en to 'twenty times higher than those obtained for common
stock.

Nevertheless for our Pedigree Queens and Bees which have been
established as a Fixed Type by persistent care and intensive selection
for over Twenty-five years, the charges are but little more than the
prices asked for cheaper varieties, none of which have a fixed character.

The **W.S." stand by repute far ahead of others, and are prolific
and industrious beyond the highest anticipations of purchasers.

With all the above Bisks absolutely excluded from
your purchase, can you make a better Investment ?

Revised " Queenland List/' 3^d., of S. SIMMINS, Queenland, Heathfield. Sussex.

Jt THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 12, 1920.

QUALITY.

The difference between a good bargain and a bad bargain
is not so much a matter of money as of quality.

All our goods have the " Hallmark of Quality " resultinif in a large
clientele of SATISFIED customers. Does this mean anything to
you? If so, send for our large Illustrated Catalogue for 1920,

free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,
Bee Appliance Works, WORMIT, FIFE, SCOTLAND.

Bee-keeping Simplified

FOR THE COTTAGER AND SMALLHOLDER,
By W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, F.E.S.,

Author of" Producing, Preparing, Exhibiting and Judging Bee Produce."

Price Is. net. Post Free l/H

This little book supplies the need for a cheap up-to-date and well-illustrated handbook
on bee-keeping, and gives in Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall's well-known, clear, lucid style
all that is necessary to enable anyone to commence bee-keeping successfully. From

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL OFFICE, 23, Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C.

The "HERROD APIGURE."

SIMPLE CLEAN ! EFFICIENT I

For the Prevention and Cure of Foul Brood and other Diseases ol Bees.

DON'T DELAY— ORDER AND USE AT ONCE.

PRICE, with full instructions, 1/8, 2/10 and S/8, post free. From all the leading Appliance

Dealers, and from

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL & RECORD OFFICE, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2.

The certain cure for * d"« «» ^* -^ «-«- «w^ .#<o. a i Proved by Bee-keepers

and Preventative of RZJLlTr'DllI generally after testing on

"Ule of Wight" disease. l-^'^V* I klVW^ jh^ most hopeless stockt.

MwjufaotnraH hy •'B*otmto\" Limited. London. N."
niIUri.EY & JAMXS, IiTD., MEKLI:Y house, FARBINGDON road, IiOlTBON, E.G.

The Kent Standard Node! Hives & Appliances

TESTIMONIAL. May 12.

Dear Sir, — I have had an opportunity of comparing the material and workmanship
M your hives with others on the market, and in my opinion there is no sort of comparison
between the two, yours being altogether superior in every particular. — Youri faithfully,

S, J, BALDWIN, Stanley Road, Bromley, Kent,

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

Commercial (W x 10') frames and brood boxes stocked.
Pbinted by the Avenue Pkess (L. Upcoti Gill & Son, Ltd), 55-57, Drurv Lane, London, W.C, akd

PUBU8HED FO^ THE PfiOPBIETOB (W. HeBBOD- HEMPSALL), BV SiMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAUILTON,

Kent & Co., Ltd., 31 & 32. Patebnosteb Bow. £.C.

British Be^ Journal and BE6-KEEPERfl' AcviSKft, February 19, 1920.

OTiiSi^L

& JBce-rxccpcrs
Adviser.

oCVv^ckly Journal Devoted to
vhz Interests oj

Bcc-Kecpers.

No. 1965. Vol. XLVIII

FEBRUARY 19, 1920.

{.Published every Thursday, Price Sd.

c o 19 rr s NT 17 s.

PAGE

Conference of Bee-keepers re Legislation 85

Pollination op Fruit 85

.A Dorset Yarn 86

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 86

Erratum 87

Association News—

Sheffield B.K.A 88

Kent B.K.A 88

Cambridge B.K.A 88

PAGi

Twickenham and Thames Valley B.K.A.

Worcestershire B.K.A 90

Herts County 'B.K.A 91

Eccleshall B.K.A '91

Somerset B.K.A 91

Bee Legislation 92

Correspondence —

Early Pollen ,, 93

Larger Frames 93

Notices to Oorrespondenis 93

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYGOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 years.

This Is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exactly as bees
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with wax,
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send for Catalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Catalogue post free.

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO., of U.S.A.
Sole Manufacturer and Licensee:

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN. HERTS.

11

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 19, 1920.

THE

British Bee JournaE

Established 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to tlie
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAIT, F.Zi.S., &c.,
and J. HERBOD-KEMFSAIiIi, F.E.S.

OoPF6spondence : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

8ub8>6rlptions. - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance ; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Hfttfptnny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

Cbe metal Toundation.

(Protected.)
For , the benefit of readers of the JOURNAL
and the RECORD we have arranged with the
manufacturers of the Metal Foundation to
accept all orders received through our office^,
at a consideration in the shape of a 25 per
cent, deposit to begin with, and the balance
by mid-March, or prior to delivery, if earlier.
All orders ajre guaranteed by them to be
executed not later than April, 1920.
Pnces:— (1) BRITISH STANDARD FRAME,
fully fitted with "worker"
Metal Foundation : Single,
28. 4d. ; per two dozens, 2s. 3d.
each frame ; per four dozens
and over, 23. 2d. each frame.
(2) ST A N DA R D SHEET of
" worker *' Metal Foundation :
Single, 2s. ; per two dozens,
Is. lid. each sheet; per four
dozens. Is. lOd. each sheet.
Subject to a 5 per cent, discount to membere of
the Apis Club.
Packing & Carriage Extra.
*^* Since the Metal Foundation will be pro-
duced only to order, no order will be subject
to cancelling.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

You are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing witb strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading. '

Goods should not be despatched until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of ^
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and'
the expenses of Post OfKce Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed " London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of .
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances. — In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5\ Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage. — The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carnage one way.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper,

Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The

'Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —

WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

tHE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. HERROD-HEMPSAI.Ii, 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.

Feh. 19, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

85

Conference of Bee-Keepers
re Legislation.

We are enabled by tli© iiermission of the
Ministry of Agriculture to publisli the re-
port of the above as follows : —

Eeport of proceedings of a conference,
convened by the Ministry of Agriculture
and Fisheries, of bee-keepers and Asso-
ciations interested on the subject of
proposed legislation for the control of bee
diseases, held on Friday, February 6, 1920,
at 3 p.m., at the Surveyors' Institution,
Great George Street, Westminster, Lon-
don, S.W.

Professor Frederick Keeble, M.A., D.Sc.,
O.B.E., F.R.S., occupied the chair, and,
opening the meeting, said : — Ladies and
Gentlemen, — Both the Minister and Sir
Arthur Griffith-Boscawen are deeply inte-
rested in the subject which has called us
together this afternoon, and I can remem-
ber very well the active interest which
Lord Lee took in the question of bees
when, during the war, we had under con-
sideration a scheme which was subse-
quently adopted for the introduction of
bees of better behaviour with respect to
disease than those which are native to this
country. He was enthusiastically in
favour of the scheme ,and it was largely
due to his energy that we were able, as a
Government Department, to jiut it into
action with a reasonable amount of
celerity.

Our main business this afternoon is to
confer constructively on the subject of pro-
posed legislation. I take it that we shall
keep that object in the forefront of our.
minds; we shall not allow this important
Conference to .spend time in discussing de-
tails or in offering criticisms,' which in
proper time and place may very well be
offered, against one another or against
absent ones. I take it that we shall devote
our attention to an instructive considera-
tion of the question of legislation and the
form which that legislation should take.

But before we proceed to that business,
I feel it my duty to trace in broad outline
the ultimate reasons we are brought
together here now. I think it will serve
a useful purpose, and it may remove some
misconception. It was not infrequently
my experience, when I had the privilege
of being an officer in the Ministry of Agri-

culture, to find that men — not necessarily
bee-keepers, but men engaged in one in-
dustry or another — were under a very
active impression that the chief occupation
of the otficers of the Ministry who were
concerned with that industry was to inter-
fere with their liberties or Avith the con-
duct of their business. It may be, gentle-
men, that that impression lingers still in
the minds of isome; but I can assure you
that, were it the case with the Ministry,
there would be no reason for calling this
Conference this afternoon. The exact
opposite is the case, because what has been
done with respect to a good many other
industries may, I feel certain, be done
with respect to yours. With respect to
the fruit-growing industry and the market-
gardening industry and others, we have
this understanding : That it is with the
growers themselves Avho are interested in
introducing and in fashioning any control
of one another which may be expedient.
We do not take the view that it is the
business of a Government Department to
descend from the height of its position to
impose restrictions on others, and there-
fore we do not start out with the inten-
tion of introducing legislation of this kind
or another; but when the men concerned
with that industry recognise that, for their
own protection, it is necessary to have
some ordered control, then it is our busi-
ness to endeavour to introduce that control
and to ensure that it shall be used, but
with English justice, that it shall be
rigorously and impartially applied. So
that, if we have legislation, we must all
agree that whatever penalties attach to it
those penalties will be, and must be, en-
forced, because I am sure I am not alone in
thinking that that, Gcernment which first
of all imposes penalties, and then does not
enforce them, is not worthy of the respect
of the citizens. (Cheers.)

(To be continued.)

The Question of Pollination of Fruit

in Relation to Commercial

Fruit Growing.

Since the articles written by Mr. C. H.
Hooper, F.R.H.S., on the above subject,
appeared in the B.B.J, during 1918, wa
have had so many inquiries for them that
we have decided to issue a reprint. This
is now ready, and may be obtained from
this office for GAd. post free. Tliose who in-
tend planting fruit trees will find the in-
formation it contains veiy tiseful, as it
tells of the best varieties to plant together
in order to get the beneficial results of
cross fertilisation, a matter that in the
past has not received the consideration
from fruit growers that it should do.

86

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 19, 1920.

A Dorset Yarn.

" What a beautiful world we live in," so
a visitor gi-eeted me last week. There
were plenty of flowers on the road sides,
willows, hazels, and gorse. Then on the
high hills by the farm the bright green of
the fertile meadows, with the silent river
winding between, gave to his larti&ftdti
tastesj*just the balance of beauty to open
the floodgates of his artistic soul. " No
wonder you are happy and contented," he
said. So we are, and we would that all
other Nature lovers were the same ; even
the bees are flying far and wide this warm
weather ; they were very largely on the
laurustinus, on the large trees they were
to be seen on the south side (scarcely any
on the north), their legs were thickly pad-
ded with pollen, of a cloudy white and
yellow ; all augurs well for an early season
at the farm. This week was the first time
that the light-coloured Italians were out
in large numbers, they have stripped the
Christmas rose of pollen, are awaj on the
male blossoms of the salix family, and are
flying over the violet fields as the staff are
harvesting the flowers. All are in a hurry
during just the few hours of sun and
warmth as they hasten after the sweets of
the floral kingdom ; it is this same hurry,
when the sun shines, that has given them
the name of " busy " bees. So it is wdth
all who get on in tilling the soil; "get
busy " is an American phrase. Every one
on the land must be busy now, work must
be hurried on, weeds beneath gooseberry
rows must all be cleared off or lightly
forked in, to do' them late will spoil the
flowers, as the fruit grower knows that the
roots are drawing on the reserves of food
in the soil to develop the flower buds,
each day they can be seen expanding ; to
loosen the roots now would be a loss to the
bees, as we find they get so much from the
gooseberry fields. It all means toil, but
with the assurance of abundant harvest
the toil becomes a pleasure. We try to
show the staff liDw much better every-
tliing grows with the careful tillage, we
get them to take a pride in the fact that
their lot does a few more dozen lb. of fruit
than the one who skips all he can. To
me, that is the only way to get the vil-
lagers to be satisfied with their surround-
ings; it takes all to make a world, what
seems to please one is of no interest to,
another, but all who take to bees, seem
to be impatient to excel, they never mind
the queries they make in order to get
them to do well, at least that is as I find
them. A tall, fine specimen of an English-
man (with a handle to his name) came to
mo at the last meeting of the R.H.S. at
Westminster, and wished me every success
with bees. He had always, since boyhood,

taken a great interest in them. He had,
started again last year, having been
cleared out twice in five years. Queried
for honey greeted me on the same day
(we have taken some to manj' of the
meetings, to show that we have other
things besides flowers and fruit) ; one lady
has taken three boxes of eighteen sections,
and, like Oliver Twist, wants more. I
suppose this is why so many want to oome
for a term to work up a knowledge of bees
and flowers.

Every bee-keeper who sells nuclei seema
to be making great provision for distribut-
ing large stocks of Italians, they know
the wonderful workers they are and are
convinced that they are good, and are pre-
pared to back up their convictions as dis-
tributors of good stocks by selling only
Italians. J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

FOR JUVENILE READERS

" Well, little bee, have you had a good
night's rest? " I said as I opened the box
in which I had placed her.

" Yes, thank you; and I am quite ready
to answer some of those lots and lots of
questions you spoke about yesterday," she
replied.

" That's good," said I. " Shall I
begin? "

" Yes — fire away."

" Holloa, though, you haven't touched
the honey I put in the box for you. Surely
ydu're not a hunger striker! " ■ *

' ' I should be sorry to be so foolish, when
you've been so kind," said she; " but don't
you remember that I gorged myself with
laoney yesterday? I shan't need any food
now for two or three days. Bees can do
that, you know. If we couldn't we
shouldn't be able to travel miles and miles
in a iswarm-box when we get sent away."

" I see. Well, since you mentioned
' swarm,' please tell me how you arrange
things with regard to swarms. How do
you decide who is to go out with the swarm
and who is to^-emain behind? "

" Well, it's not so difficult at times; at
others it is. Sometimes we swarm because
our home is crowded out by the yovxng bees
which are being born by hundreds a day,
and the queen goes on laying eggs and eggs
till at last we have to be cross with her
and tell her not to lay any more. She gets
angry and says that she's queen, therefore
she will do what she likes; consequently
we have to build queen cells with the hope
of getting another queen, and some of us
going off Avith her. But the old queen
gets more cross than ever, and tries to kill
the young queens before they are born, or
rip their cells to pieces. So we just have
to' guard the royal cells, and then her

Feb. 19, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

87

majesty begins to call for help, is indig-
nant, and decides to go out herself. She
stops laiy^ng — thank goodness ! — and runs
all over the hive collecting as many as she
can to follow her. It is generally those
who are on duty wax-making and scaveng-
ing at the time who folloAV her first, and
nurses and foragers join her later, with a
few drones. (Sometimes she'll get more
than half the hive to follow her, when only
some nurse-bees and a few foragers will be
left to look after the brood.) Then on a
warm day she says, ' I'm oS ! ' and out she
goes with those who want to go with her.
And what a relief when they're gone ! The
hive seems roomy and cool once more. But
a lot of swarms wouldn't happen if only
you'd give more room and more ventilation
to our hives."

" That's a lot for you to say at once; but
I want to know more about swarming.
How is it that a few days after sending
out a swarm you send forth another, or a
cast? "

" Do you call a small swarm and a cast
the same thing? Because we bees don't."

"Really! Then what is the differ-
ence? "

" Well, sir, a small swarm might be sent
out a week after the first with a young
fertile queen. A cast is a few bees that
are sent off with a virgin queen. Before
the old queen-mother goes out a young
princess is ready to come forth, but we
dare not let her do so, or the old queen
would kill her, so we pile on the wax over
the queen-cell to keep her in; but as soon
as the old queen has gone we let her come
forth and reign. The extra confinement
in her cell makes her big and strong, and
so she bustles about for room to lay her
eggs, and when there isn't enough room
for her energies she begins shouting to us
to build more cells, and we have to say
there isn't room. So she just says, ' Any-
body following me? I'm off to a fresh
place, where new cells can be built and I
pan lay eggs by the thousand ' ; and off
she goes with a lot of young bees, and
my ! when they 're settled in a new house
don't they work? A cast, however, hap-
pens like this. We generally build two or
three queen cells at the same time, so that
we shall be more than doubly sure of get-
ting a good queen. If the first princess
that comes out is to our liking we help
her in destroying the unborn princesses ;
but if she does not meet with our approval
we don't allow her to touch the Other cells,
so she goes off in a huff, and of course there
are sure to be some bees that will go with
her. Oftentimes these casts fly straight
away and are lost, but sAvarms, as you
know, settle first in the vicinity of the
old hive."

" Well done! You're quite communica-
tive," I replied. " So please tell me why

you sometimes build as many as a dozen
queen cells?

" Oh, that's due to the prophets."

"Prophets?"

" Yes. We have prophets in the hive —
some wise, some foolish. Some tell us
that the next year is going to be a grand
year for honey, and so we ought to keep
on sending out swarms, so that there may
be plenty of colonies to gather the honey
harvest that is to be, and we get the swarm
fever. Other prophets say, if the honey
flow is not good, ' Get rid of as many bees
as you can, or there won't be enough food
to keep ns going through the winter ' ;
and we, silly-like, obey, and repent after-
wards, because we get so weak that we
cannot spare a sufficient number of senti-
nels to guard the entrance, and other bees
come and rob iis wholesale. We try to
right matters by bundling out six or seven
qiieens with the last swarm, and killing
all those unborn, but sometimes it's too
late, for wasps and hornets come along
and seize our home, and we're lost."

" That's sad news."

" Yes, very sad. If only we listened to
reason at these times we shouldn't be so
foolish; but, you see, when we get the
swarming fever, all the old bees go, and
those remaining are young and silly. Of
course, I haven't been through all this. I
have learnt it from my teachers, and it's
just as well for you to know, because you
could stop a lot of this folly by just cut-
ting out the queen cells. We shouldn't
dare to go off for good without a queen, so
we'd therefore settle down to work."

" Thank you. That will do as regards
swarms for the moment. No ! Wait a
minute. How do you all manage to hold
on to one another when a swarm settles ? "

" Simply enough. On ovir legs we have
hook-like claws. We just hook them on to
our neighbours', and there you are. It's
rather fun."

" Is it really? Then how do you walk
up a smooth hive with those hooks? "

" We don't! We have pads on our feet
like a fly, and when our claws are not
needed we use our pads, so that we coiild
walk upside down if #e wished. Shall I
sliow you how? "

" Not now; I must be going. Help
yourself to the honey and make yourself
at home. Have a rest; later on we'll
have another chat."

E. F. Hemming.

Erratum.

In your issue for January 29, on page
54, under " Correspondence " [10116], the
word " legislation " should read " isola-
tion," in line 17. — Andeew Wood Smith,'
5, West Castle Road, Edinburgh,

88

THE BRITISH BEE JOURIS-AL. Feb. 19, 1920.

Sheffield and District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The seventh annual general meeting of
this Association was held on Thursday,
January 15, at the Tontine Cafe, Shef-
field, and, in the absence of the President,
the chair was occupied by Wm. Bashforth,
Esq. The Hon. Sec, Mr. W. Garwell, pre-
sented the report and balance-sheet,
which showed that there had been a very
satisfactory increase in the membership,
four lantern lectures and four open-air
lectures had been given during the year,
hooks have been purchased to form an
Association library, and there was a very
substantial balance at the bank in the
Association's favour.

The Chairman, in moving the adoption
of the report and balance-sheet, com-
mented on the amount of work that had
been done during the year, and also the
very satisfactory balance-sheet. Mr. War-
burton seconded the motion, and the
report and statement of accounts were
adopted. W. J. Garnett, Esq., was re-
elected President. The Vice-Presidents
were re-elected en hloc, with the addition
of F. Scott, Esq. Messrs. Wm. Bashforth
and C. M. Hansell were elected Auditors,
and Mr. W. Garwell was re-elected Hon.
Secretary, Treasurer and Librarian. The
following were elected for a committee : —
]\iessrs. S. Livsey, J. Palmer, P. Kidge,
T. Nelson, W. Bashforth, E. G. Walsten-
holme, E. W. Hodgson, and Mrs. Turner.
The meeting closed with a vote of thanks
to the Chairman, proposed by Mr. Han-
sell.— (Communicated.)

Kent Bee-Keepers' Association.

The annual general meeting of the
Northern Division of the Association was
held at the Guildhall, Rochester,' on
•January 24.

The Secretary (Mr. G. Bryden), in pre-
senting his report, said the division con-
tinued to increase and flourish steadily.
While the Council meetings had been well
attended, the lecture and demonstrations
were not all that could be desired, and he
thought that if these were advertised in
the local Press there would probably be
better attendances.

Nine lectures and demonstrations were
given during the season, with a honey
show at the end of August, and the Kent
Education Committee provided five
lectures, which were held in Gillingham
Park.

The division commenced the year with
112 members, and had elected 33 new
ones, including the Earl of Dai»nley; 24
had been transferred or had withdrawn;
leaving an increase of nine, with a total
of 12rto date.

The honey show was judged by Mr. W.
Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S., who said it was
the best show in England that he had
attended.

One of the members again carried off all
the premier awards from the Royal Show
at Cardiff, and from the Grocers' Interna-
tional Exhibition in London, and was con-
gratulated by the British Bee-Keepers'
Association on his phenomenal success.

" Isle of Wight " disease. had not been
much in evidence during the year, and
there was no record of any of the nuclei
supplied by the Association having " gone
west " with it.

The following awards from the B.B.K.A.
had been made during the year : — Dr.
C. C. Lord (chairman), 1st class certificate;
Mr. A. Fry, '• Glenrosa," Gillingham,
intermediate certificate; Rev. J. Butler,
Borstal, preliminary certificate.

The officers elected for the year were : — •
Mr. W. Wilson, Swanley, chairman ; Mr.
W. H. Cook, Gillingham. vice-chairman :
Mr. G. Bryden, Rochester, secretary and
treasurer. Three names were added to the
Council, and all members who had passed
the preliminary examination were elected
on the Visiting Committee.

It was decided to run an experimental
apiary at Bleak House, Gillingham, with
various-sized frames, to test their
efficiency.

Cambridge and District Bee-
Keepers' Association.

A well-attended meeting of bee-keepers
was held at the Zoological Lecture Room,
Cambridge, on Saturday, January 24,
1920, to discuss " Legislation for Bee-
keepers," Dr. C. G. L. Wolf being in the
chair. Amongst those present were Sir
Douglas Newt,on (President of the Cambs.
and District B.K.A.), Messrs. Allbon (a
commercial bee-keeper from a neighbour-
ing county), Barnes, Ford, Halford, G.
Thomas (Cambs. Association expert), G. E.
Rogers, E. H. Smith, J. Lee, G. W. Bulla-
more, Warboys, North, Richardson, and
Holloway (secretary, Cambs. B.K.A.).

Dr, Wolf explained that owing to
rumours that the Ministry of Agrieulture
were preparing a Bill to deal with
diseases of bees, etc., Mr. Holloway wrote
to the Ministry for a copy of the proposed
Bill, and was informed that the draft was
not yet completed, and as soon as it was
a conference of representative bee-keepers
would be called together to explain
exactly how the Ministry proposed to
make effective the administration of the
powers contained in the Bill. It was
therefore thought advisable to call a meet-
ing of all known bee-keepers in the
county to discuss the whole question. Dr.
Wolf went on to describe the results of

Feb. 19, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURlSrAL.

89

legislation in connection witli bees in
America, and then called for open and
free discussion of the subject. Mr. G. W.
Bullamore stated that he was one of
those who opposed the Bill of 1913, and
gave his reasons for so doing.

Mr. Gaiintlett Thomas mentioned his
research work in connection with " Isle
of Wight" disease, and emphasised one
discovery he had made in regard to Fonl
Brood, namely, that tTie intestines of the
queen contained F.B. bacteria. He was
not at the moment investigating Foul
Brood bacteria, but mentioned it so as to
make quite clear that the treatment given
in all text-books for eliminating F.B. did
not go far enough. He therefore pointed
out that there was insufficient knowledge
of the bacteria of F.B. at the present
moment to permit legislators to consider
that they could lay down laws which
would definitely remove brood diseases.
He also brought out other points in F.B.
and " I.O.W.," and emphasised the point
that scientists were not in agreement as
to the bacteria causing " I.O.W.," and
that further research work was required,
which he trusted the Minstry of Agricul-
ture were proceeding with. He stated
that it was known that in many parts of
the country " I.O.W." was not so viru-
lent, as it was, and that there had been
no facts published as to the source of
contagion, as experimentalists in some
cases stated they could re-infect and in
others stated frankly that they had failed
to do so. Although his criticism was de-
structive, he was in sympathy with legis-
lation, but powers should be in the hands
of bee-keepers, chiefly extensive ones. He
therefore siiggested that an unsalaried com-
mittee be formed, with executive powers
under the proposed Act, composed chiefly
of practical bee-kee])ers — that was those
whose living was solely or mainly derived
from agriculture — such committee to have
one representative from the Ministry of
Agriculture, whose sole duty should be to
consider points in connection with admin-
istrative work ; the administration of the
Act to bo in the hands of county organisa-
tions, whose formation should be a matter
of consideration for the Ministry. Under
this sclieme the cost of administration
would be very small — a vital point at the
present period. (Applause.)

Mr. G. E. Rogers pi-oposed " That this
meeting of bee-keepers in the county of
Cambridgeshire recommend legislation to
deal with bee diseases, but before anv Bill
is drafted the Ministry of Agriculture
should have the assistance of those whose
living solely or in the main is derived
from bee-keeping and the -production of
honey." This was seconded by Mr.
Thomas.

Sir Douglas Newton, in sixpporting the
resolution, added that the meeting should
ask the Ministry of Agriculture to call a
conference of bee-keepers, at which tho
views of this county could be given before
the Bill is drafted and circulated. This
was seconded by Mr. Ford, and supported
by Mr. Thomas, who desired that em-
phatic prominence should be given to the
words " before the Bill is drafted and
circulated."

Mr. Allbon and Mr. Smith also took
part in the discussion.

On the resolution being put to the meet-
ing and a show of hands taken, there were
four dissentients,' and the resolution was
therefore declared carried.

It was then unanimously agreed that a
small committee be elected to draft a con-
structive scheme for submission to the
Ministry by a deputation. The following
were elected: — Sir Douglas Newton, Dr.
C. G. L. Wolf, Mr. E. C. R. Holloway
(president, chairman and secretary of the
Cambs. Bee-keepers' Association respec-
tively), Messrs. Bullamore, Mapey, North,
Rogers, Smith, Thomas and Yoimg.

The usual votes of thanks concluded the
meeting.

Twickenham and Thames Valley
Bee-Keepers' Association.

ANXUAL MEETING.

The first annual general meeting of the
Association was held on Feb. 7 at Twick-
enham Library Lecture Room. The Rev.
R. Dixon Box presided.

The reports of the Committee and Trea-
surer were submitted and adopted, the
latter showing a balance in favour of the
Association. The salient features of the
Committee's rei>ort were as follows: —
Membership for 1919, 43 — satisfactory for
a beginning, but much below the number
which might reasonably be hoped for in
the near future. Lectures, five in number,
had been given by Messrs. W.* and J.
Herrod-Hempsall, A. G. Gambrill, and J.
Curtfs; five committee meetings had been
held, with an average attendance of six.
By the courtesy of the Twickenham Horti-
cultural Society, an exhibition of honey,
etc., was held at the Society's Show at
Orleans Park. The question of a re-
stocking scheme had received careful con-
sideration, btit the committee had been
unable, up to the present, to formulate
any definite proposals. They had, how-
ever, acce])ted an offer made by Mr. F. A.
Secrett, of Twickenham, of a piece of
ground on which it was" hoped to start an
Association Apiary during the coming sea-
son. By an arrangement made with
Messrs. .J. Lee & Son, Ltd., of Fxbridge,
members would be able to obtain bee
appliances, etc., from the various depots

90

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Eeb. 19, 1920.

of Messrs. Platts' Stores, Ltd., throughout
the district. The committee would wel-
come suggestions for increasing the useful-
ness of the Association.

Mr. Burnet, in referring to the pro-
posed Association Apiary, said that,
although the Committee had not thought
it possible to carry out a full re-stocking
scheme this year, they proposed to estab-
lish an apiary which would be used to
form the foundation colonies ; so that if
necessary a start could be made next year.
Members who had not sufficient room for
bees in their own gardens could keep them
at the Association Apiary; and it was
hoped that many would avail themselves
of the excellent accommodation offered.
Situated in the midst of 40 to 50 acres of
fruit trees, the site was particularly
suited for bee-keeping, and was easily
reached by tram, train or motor-bus. It
was also proposed to hold meetings for the
instruction of members at the apiary.

The officers for 1920 were then elected,
the President, Sir William Joynson-
Hicks, M.P., Vice-President, Mr. Cyril
Eouth, Hon. Treasurer, Kev. E. Dixon
Box, and Hon. Sec, Miss M. Byatt, were
all re-elected. Mr. C. D. Burnet was
elected a Vice-President. The executive
of seven were then voted for, and the fol-
lowing were appointed: — Messrs. C. D-.
Burnet, J. Curtis, T. P. Grisdale, T. M.
Nelson, H. A. T. Packford, C. Parks and
Miss Shaw.

The meeting closed with a few remarks
made by the Chairman on the subject of
legislation with regard to bee diseases.

It is hoped that bee-keepers throughout
the Thames Valley will do all they can to
support the Association during the coming
season ; for there never was a time when
it was so important to develop the re-
sources of the country. There must be
in Middlesex alone many acres of fruit
and other blossom, never visited by a
single bee, and consequently a vast
amount of honey lost to the nation. The
Hon. Secretary, Miss M. Byatt, " Haw-
thorn," Hanworth, Middlesex, will be
glad to answer any inquiries from bee-
keepers who may be desirous of becoming
members of the Association. — (Communi-
cated.)

Worcestershire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The anna) meeting of members of the
Worcestershire Bee-Keepers' Association
was hold at the Central Hotel, Worcester,
on Saturday, Major C. Knight-Coutts in
the chair, 45 members present. The Hon.
Secretary (Mr. John P. Phillips) read the
Committee's report, which stated :

" The grievous losses of stocks from

disease during the last two or three years
threatened at one time to bring an end
to bee-keeping in this part of the country
and to this Association. At their last
meeting they were able to say that the
crisis appeared to have passed, and that
better times were Avithin sight. The im-
provement had been continuous; losses by
disease were much less frequent, and
stocks had increased rapidly. Never were
there so many people anxious to keep bees.
Novices had been flocking to join the
Association- as fast as they could get
stocks, but still many were waiting. The
roll of new members, which had become
alarmingly short, was now lengthening
satisfactorily, and over forty new members
had been admitted this season. In order
to provide as many stocks as possible, the
County Horticultural Sub-Committee
invited several members of the committee
to join them in carrying out the Food Pro-
duction Department's re-stocking scheme.
A Re-Stocking Society -was formed, and
Mr. Leedham was good enough to under-
take the management of the apiary at
Lower Bentley, where the imported
foreign stocks were placed. Forty-three
nuclei were raised. Sixty-six persons took
shares, but as fifteen of these withdrew
their subscriptions rather than wait, most
of the members Avould have received a
nucleus by the spring. The honey season
was distinctly less prodilctive than the last
one. The early weeks were very
promising ones, and many bee-keepers had
capital returns in May and early June.
Following this came east winds and other
unfavourable weather, and the season as a
Avhole was decidedly unsatisfactory,
although there were a few fortunate
apiaries."

The report was adopted.

The Treasurer (Mr. A. R. Moreton)
stated that last year they began with a
balance of ^10 4s. lid. This year the
balance was .£15 19s. 7d. The number of
members was now 92, as against 76 last
year.

A letter was read from Canon Coventry
expressing his great interest in the
Association, and regretting that he was
not able to attend the 'meetings as regu-
larly as he would like to. He was un-
animously re-elected President.

The following Vice-Presidents were re-
elected en bloc : Earl of Dudlev, the Dean
of Worcester (Dr. W. E. Moore Ede),
Miss E. Johnson, Miss H. H. Turner, Mrs.
John Walker, Messrs. B. Evres Monsell,
M.P., Stanley Baldwin, M.P., A. H.
Martin, C. H. Havnes, G. Cadbury, G. E.
Wilson, Geoffrev F. Hooper, and E. Cor-
bett. Mr. Moreton was re-elected
Treasurer, Mr. J. P. Phillips, Spetchley
(for instruction and general business), Mr.

Feb. 19, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

91

Percy Leigh, Stoke Prior (for expert
^rork), and Messrs. G. Richings and S.
Leedhani (for shows) were unanimously, re-
elected Secretaries. The auditors (Messrs.
E. Corbett and E. A. Millward) were re-
appointed.

The following committee was appointed :
Messrs. G. Bracken, C. C. Duncan,* C. H.
Haynes, S. Leedham, Percy Leigh. C. A.
Lloyd, E. A. Millward, J. Price, G.
Richings, W. H. Sisman, H. Smith, Canon
Coventry, the Dean, Major C. Knight-
Coutts, Captain Turner, Mrs. Painter,
Mrs. AValker, Mrs. Joshua, and Miss H. H.
Turner. Messrs. C. H. Haynes and A. R.
Moreton were re-elected representatives to
the British Bee-Keepers' Association.

An address on the Re-Stocking Scheme
and Bee Diseases Bill was given by Mr.
W. Herrod-Hempsall. In the course of
his remarks, he mentioned that England,
Scotland and Wales were the only
countries in the world where there was no
legislation as regards bee diseases. He
strongly advocated legislation in stamping
out these obnoxious diseases, and the meet-
ing passed a resolution to this effect.
(Cominunicated.)

Herts County Bee-Keepers*
Association.

BARNET AND DISTRICT BRANCH.

This branch is enjoying a series of
lantern lectures, etc., which have been
arranged for the winter and early spring,
covering the whole district. Up to the
present the attendances have been very
satisfactory, and great interest is being
shown. It is hoped to follow these
lectures during the season with demon-
strations in bee-keeping and experiments
with metal combs and metal foundation
at the Association's Apiary in Barnet.
The following is the list of lectures
arranged : —

December 5, 1919. — " Bee Diseases and
Enemies," at Barnet, bv Mr. W. Herrod-
Hempsall, F.E.S.

January 23, 1920. — " Fertilisation of
Fruit and Flowers by Bees," at Barnet,
by Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.

January 28. — " The Honey Bee 'and
Honey Production," at North Finchley, by
Mr. Norris S. Toms.

February 13. — " Demonstration of
Wiring Frames, Embedding, etc.," at
Barnet, by Mr. W. D. Ridley, followed by
a Social.

February 26.^" Bee-Keeping," at
Totteridge, by Mr. Norris S. Toms.

February 27. — " Spring IManagement
and Swarm Control," at South Mymms, by
Mr. Norris S. toms.

March 4. — Social and General Meeting,
followed by exhibition and explanation of

several of the latest bee-keeping appli-
ances, at Barnet.

March 15. — " Production of Honey and
Preparation of Honey and Wax for the
Show Bench," at New Barnet, by Mr. W.
Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.

Should this report come under the
notice of any bee-keeper in these districts
not a member or any intending bee-
keeper, it is hoped they will communicate
with the Hon. Secretary, Mr. Norris S.
Toms, 60, Fitzjohn Avenue, Barnet, Herts.

Eccleshall.

MEETING OF BEE-KEEPERS.

A meeting of Eccleshall bee-keepers was
held in the Church Rooms on January 30
to consider the best means to be adopted
to increase the number of bee-keepers in
the district, and the better management
of the bee industry. A committee was
appointed to carry out the scheme, and
to arrange for lectures and demonstrations
to be held. Mr. T. H. Dean, Eccleshall,
was appointed to be the representative of
the Association on the committee of the
Staffordshire Bee-Keepers' Association.
Mr. J. Price, county expert, gave an
interesting lecture on re-queening and
other matters appertaining to bee-keepers.

Somerset Bee-Keepers'
Association.

ANNUAL MEETING.

Many experts in the business of bee-
keeping gathered in the Assembly Hall,
Yatton, on Saturday afternoon, when Mr.
T. W. Cowan (Clevedon) presided at the
annual meeting of the Somerset Bee-
Keepers' Association. Those present
included Lieut. -Colonel H. F. Jolly (chair-
man), Dr. Wallace (Weston-super-Mare),
Messrs. L. Bigg-Wither (hon. secretary
and treasurer), S. Jordan, H. J. Grist,
J. W. Heard, A. G. Smith, R. Pritchett,
A. W. House, E. G. Hawkins, A. Fox,
F. C. B. Jefferies, L. E. Snelgrove, A.
Goodrington, F. S. Hawkins, J. Brackley,
E. L. Story, and others.

Mr. L. Bigg-Wither (Wells) in present-
ing the secretarial report, said the
principal work of the association during
the past year had been done in connection
with the restocking scheme. Sixty-two
nuclei were distributed, and 48 colonies
were now being ivintered in the different
restocking apiaries which had been formed
at Shepton Mallet, Yeovil, Wells, Bridg-
water, and Weston-super-Mare. At the
present time the association had orders
for nearly 80 nuclei, which would be dealt
with in strict rotation. He was glad to be
in a position to report that the " Isle of
Wight " disease, although not entirely
stamped out, appeared to be on the
decrease. The association consulting

92

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 19, 1920,

expert (Mr. E. L. SnelgroveY had done
during the past year a considerable
amount of research M'ork in connection
with the disease, and hoped to publish his
report later, when results of his experi-
ments had been verified. The membership
of the Association had more than doubled
during the twelve months. (Applause.)
They had now 257 members, compared
with 115 in 191S.

The financial statement showed receipts
£103, and expenditure £59 15s. T^d.,
leaving a balance in hand of £43 4s. 4^d.

The Chairman congratulated the secre-
tary, and the meeting on the satisfactory
report. Referring to the credit balance he
suggested that a fair portion of it should
be expended during the current year,
which would be considerably to the benefit
of the Association. Alluding to the com-
parative absence of disease among the bees
in the country, he warned them not to be
surprised if cases occurred occasionally, in
which event he advised jjrompt and careful
isolation.

The election of officers was then pro-
ceeded Avith. Mr. T. W. Cowan was
unanimously re-elected president; Lieut. -
Colonel H. F. Jolly, chairman; and Mr.
L. Bigg-Wither, hon. secretary and
treasurer. All were cordially thanked for
past services, special reference being made
to the work accomplished by Mr. Bigg-
Wither in connection with the re-stocking
scheme.

Mr. E. L. Snelgrove (Weston-super-
Mare), said they were most fortunate in
having Mr. Cowan — who was such an
eminent authority on bees — permanently
connected with the Association. (Applause.)
He took a great interest in the work, and
it was a privilege to have him among
them. His advice was always so sound,
and he was able to tell them the " secrets
first hand " before they Avere made
public. Most of them knew that Mr.
Cowan was the leading authority on bees
in the world.

Mr. Cowan, in returning thanks, said he
had been interested in bees since the year
1862. At first the interest was directed to
the scientific aspect, but he very soon dis-
covered the possibilities of making the
pursuit a commercial enterprise and of
service to the country. In bee-keeping
there was always something new to learn.

Mr. E. L. Snelgrove then moved the
following resolution : " That this meeting
instructs the Council to consider the
present constitution of the Association,
and draw up a set of rules so as to place
the Association on a more representative
and efficient footing." He considered the
existing organisation was very "antiquated
and inefficient." They in Somerset prided
themselves on being in advance of other

counties in the business of bee-keeping,
but it was about time they reviewed their
organisation and made it more effective.
They had twenty branches scattered
throughout the county. Instead of elect-
ing the delegates haphazardly they should
have a sane system. The local delegates
should be elected by the branches.

A brief discussion followed on the
resolution, which was eventually carried
unanimously.

The meeting adjourned for tea, and sub-
sequently Mr. Snelgrove gave an interest-
ing address on -*' Various Methods of
Increase." — (Communicated.)

Bee Legislation.

As intimated in our last issue, we did
not intend publishing further letters on
this matter until the Bill can be printed.
The following letter, however, defines the
situation so aptly that we think we need
make no apology for publishing it : —

You are to be commended on throwing
open your columns to both advocates of
legislation and opponents alike, and> it is
somewhat difficult to decide which side
furnishes the stronger argument in favour
of legislative action. It is curious to
notice the fallacies into which so many of
our opponents fall— fallacies which, if
carried to a logical conclusion, would lead
to all sorts of absurdities. Take, 'for in-
stance, the letter of Mr. Fisken (10123)
in your issue of Feb. 5, 1920, who pro-
pounds the axiom that " knowlege should
surely precede action." If this is Mr.
Fisken's rule of life, some fine morning, on
opening our newspaper, we may come
across something of this sort : —

ALAEMING FIRE IN . WESTERTON.
Whole Township Destroyed.
Exciting Scenes, etc., etc.
About 1 a.m. this morning smoke was

observed issuing from a house in —

Street in the occupation of Mr. F

and family. An alarm was raised, and the
local fire brigade was quickly on the spot
(beg pardon — scene of the conflagration).

In the meantime Mr. F and family

had with difficulty been rescued from the
now furiously burning building.

The origin of the fire being a complete

mystery, and Mr. F having no know-

h'd(ic of its origin, refused to allow the
fire brigade to take any action until the
cause of the conflagration could be ascer-
tained, with the result, owing to the high
wind prevailing at the time, the fire
rapidly spread from house to house until
the whole township was involved.

Is this so very far-fetched ?

C. Harrison.

Hayle, Cornwall.

Feb. 19, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUE]S"AL.

93

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real names
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Early Pollen.

[10135] I was very much surprised to
see . my bees carrying pollen in to-day.
Have other readers of the B.B.J, any
record of pollen being gathered at so early
a date as this (January 18)? Perhaps a
line in the Journal would bring to you
records from other parts. I would not be
surprised if friend Kettle could give us an
earlier date. — H. F. Swann.

:— Experimenting with Larger
Frames.

[10136] Re your article on experi-
menting with larger frames. It appears
to me that if we wish to obtain exact data
something more than placing bees on a
set of larger frames will be necessary.
We all know that bees are very sus-
ceptible to position for one thing, so that
it seems to be requisite that very careful
thought should be given to this trial if
we are to reap any definite results from it.

It is worth the attention of our coun-
cil (the B.B.K.A.), and I suggest that
they draw up a few simple rules that may
be followed by those of us who propose
testing the theory advanced.

The first essential is an unbiassed mind.
For my own part, if I find the larger
frame the best then my support will be
given ; if not, shall most strenxiously
oppose it. We have no place for senti-
ment in this matter, and we must, if we
wish to hold our own in the market, stick
to hard facts. Bee-keeping seems to have
been looked on as a hobby ; it should be
conducted as a business. In my experience
the best members of the craft, and they
who take the keenest interest in their
bees, are those who rtm their apiaries for
profit.

I offer a few suggestions as to the
method of testing the frames, and no
doubt others will do the same, so that it
should be possible to draw Tip some plan
that will' be applicable before the season
opens.

Two stocks of about the same strength
to be used. Queens of equal age, and of
same strain. Hives of the same pattern,
to stand in line facing S.E., if possible,
about 4 ft. apart. A careful record of all

feeding and attention to be kept, with,
say, a monthly report as to state of the
stocks. If surplus is worked for, racks
in both cases to be identical [i.e., no bait
combs to be employed unless both can be
served the same). Special attention
to be given as to tendency to swarm.
Exact record of (1st) surplus, (2nd)
amount of stores on closing down, (3rd)
amount of food given, and, lastly, a state-
ment as to how the stocks have wintered.
I think by this means we shall be able
to decide if an alteration is desirable.
Should it prove so, a start could be made
in 1921, and the new standard begin to
find its way into the apiary. — G. James
Flashman.

Correspondents desiring an answer in the next
issue should send questions to reach this office
NOT LATER than the FIRST POST on MONDAY
MORNING. Only SPECIALLY URGENT ques-
tions will be replied to by post if a STAMPED
addressed envelope is enclosed. All questions must
be accompanied by the sender's name and address,
not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee
of good faith. There is no fee for answering
questions.

Suspected Disease.

R. A. HoLDEN (Herts), J. D. (Eythome), " Btjr-
nell" (Wilts). B. J. F. (Essex).— The bees were
affected with " I.O.W." disease.

Miss Weldon (Surrey).— Both samples were
affected with " I.O.W." diseaee.

J. Pryde (East Lothian).— The bees were smashed
in post. It is useless sending bees in an enve-
lope. They should be sent in a small box. From
what we' could see we think the bees had
" I.O.W." disease.

J. Brown (Sussex).— We are unable to say cause
of death.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at If d. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per iin-, or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

BEES FOR SALE.— Several small Stocks, on six
combs, of honey fed. healthy Bees, £3 10s.
each; travelling box Ms., refunded if box returned
in sound condition within seven days. Stamp for
reply.— REED, Primroso House, Heacham, King's
Lynn. r.b.30

94

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL. Eeb. 19, 1920.

PURE English Honey, mainly wliite clover, in
14- and 28-lb. tins, £9 per cwt., carriage paid.
Reduced price for larger quantity. — WELLS,
Claudius Road, Colchester. r.b.35

-i 7 HEALTHY Italian Stocks, headed by Penna
J- • Queens, £5 5s. each.— J. YOUNGER, 6,

Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.b.45

PLANT "Willow Herb" for your bees; useful
honey flower; 12 roots, 2s.— BO WEN, Pittville
Street, Cheltenham. b.46

TWO healthy Stocks of Hybrid Italian Bees, and
nearly new Taylor Hives, complete with four
Section Racks, two Excluders, Double Escape
Board (new). Smoker, and about 100 Sections, £12
the lot; also two Stocks in new strong skeos, £6.
Would divide.— CLUBB, "Cranston," Sudbury,
Suffolk. b.4?

EARLY SEED POTATOES.— 14 lbs., 3s. 6d.;
56 lbs., 12s.; carriage extra; supply limited.—
W. A. WOODS, Normandy, Guildford. bM

SIX good Hives for Sale, zinc roofs, floor section,
double walled body box, eke, and roof, take
standard frames; or exchange for bees. — STRAT-
FORD, 37, Belle Vue Street, York. b.49

BEITISH BEE JOURNAL," Vols. 5, 6, 7 and 8,
bound, two vols, cloth; Roots' "ABC Bee
Culture," 1882; 25s. the lot.— BROWN, S7, Alexander
Road, Acocks Green, Birmingham. b.50

ITALIAN HYBRIDS.-Surplus stocks, guaran-
teed strong, no disease, on 10 frames, April
delivery, £7 per stock, carriage forward.— Box 65,
B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Stxeet, W.C.2. b.51

FOR SALE, Gninea Extractor, sound condition,
30s.; also four Queen Excluders, 96., carriage
paid.— MEAD, 27, Godson Road, Croydon. b.52

NINE MATING HIVES, twin .standard frames,
side wall feeders, calico-covered roofs, painted,
complete, 7s. 6d. each, £3 3s. the lot.— MOSS,
London Road, Hinckley b.53

WANTED, completely equipped small Apiary,
with lease of comfortable House with Orchard
and Fields, suitable for poultry, in district offering
facilities for learning general farming; near sea
preferred; or would buy Hives and Appliances
separately.- SACK, 22, St. Mark's Hill, Surbiton.
__^_^ b.64

BEES.— Healthy Stock in W.B.C. Hive, complete,
with fitted supers, £4; also Hives, Section
Racks, Frames, and other Appliances for Sale.
Owner giving up.— Apply for oarticulars, PART-
RIDGE, Harvey House, Watton, Norfolk. b.55

FOR SALE, six good Hives, some suitable for
Italians, 15 frames, shallow frame boxes.
Stamp for particulars.— CROWE, Merriott, Crew-
kerne. b.56

H

OLLYHOCKS, strong plants, 6 for Is. 9d., 3«.
dozen, post free.- TICKELL, Below. b.57

DRAWN Shallow Combs, wired, 36 drone, 36
worker, 7s. dozen; six home-made Bottle
Feeders. Is. 9d. each.— TICKELL, St. Mark's,
Cheltenham. b.Sl

HONEY for Sale, four tins, about 28 lbs. each;
very best quality. Best offer to clear.-
HINE, Fourwa,vs House, Hemyock, Devon. b.58

HONEY.— 25 dozen finest clover, clean, well-filled'
Sections, 30s. per dozen, carriage forward;
expert packing free.— GIBSON, Apiaries, Ballv-
gowan, Belfast. r.b.59

WAITED, in March, strong .Stock pure Italian
Bees, 1920 Queen: must he guaranteed free
from di«'ase.-WORTHINGTON, World's End,
Solihull, Warwickshire. r.b.60

FOR SALE, about 2 cwt. fine Extracted Welsih
Honey: guaranteed pure.— JAMES, Adpar,
Newcastle Emiyn. r.b 3

PLANT now for the bees, strong fruiting Rasp-
berry Canee, 2s. 6d. per dozen, 8s. for 50; also
Strawberry Runners, Is. per dozen, 6s. per 100, best
varieties, carriage paid; cash with order.— HALL,
Highfield Lodge, Balderton, Newark. r.b.6

ITALIAN BEES on 6 frames, headed by' Penna's
1920 imported direct Queen, delivery June,
£4 10s.— ENNEVER, Oak Avenue, Ridgeway,
Enfield. a.56

PURE light Cambridge Honey, 14-lb. tine,
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. tins, 429., carriage paid;
sample 4d.; tins free.— J. YOUNGER, 6, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. a.66

CORRESPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING, Golden Square, Hen-
field, Sussex. r.a.54

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

ANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lis., post
free; one Wood Miilne Motor Foot Pump. 46s.,
carriage free.- HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

BUSI17ESS ADVERTISEMENTS.

l^d. per word.

DUTCH BEES, Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthes), Nuclei, Queens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.—Buy direct from Sole Agent, WHYTE, Bee-
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire. b.61

BOOK ORDERS FOR MAY.— Dutch-Golden
4-frame Nuclei, £3; strong; no disease;
Stocks, £5.— iGREEN, Bee-keeper. Laindon, Essex.

b.62

TWO 28-lb. tins Granulated Honey, taken 1st
prize, £2 each; 3-fjame Nuclei, with Queens,
from mid-June, S5s., carriage paid.— VINCENT,
132, Croydon Road, Anerley. b.63

ITALIAN 4-frame Nuclei, 503.; box 10s.. return-
able. All orders strict rotation. May-June
delivery. £1 deposit, balance prior to delivery.—
LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess Hill,
Sussex. b.64

FOR SALE, Stocks, £5; Swarms, £2; Queens,
7s. 6d.: Nuclei, £3. Orders booked now.— THE
HEATHERLANDS BEE FARM, Thursley,
Godalming. b.65

RE-SELECTED Italian and Norvic Queens,
10s. 6d. to 21s.; Bees. 13s. and 14s. 6d. per
frame, from perfected hygienic stocks; May
onwards: carriaa'e paid; boxes returnable. —
ARTHUR TROWSE, 51, Fade Road, Norwich, b.66

BEES.— Healthy Stocks, Swarms, Nuclei, early
delivery. Chickens, hatchinar weekly; best
strains. Particulars, stamp.— J. MOORE, Bleasby,
Notts. b.67

THREE-FRAME NUCLEI. £2 Ss.; Queens,
10s. 6d. Hardy, prolific hybrids, disease
resistant strain. I have not bad anv " I.O.W."
in my hives at anv time.— O. W. H. OVENS, 151.
Fishponds Road, Eastville, Bristol. rb.68,

TT'S NO USE TO DRUG YOUR BEES!- You
J- can only keep " I.O.W." in check by having
bees of disease-resisting strain. The safest and
best wav is to buy our guaranteed 3-comb Italian
Nuclei in June or July. Each nucleus contains two
comhs of broofl and onp of store, and is headed bv
a 1920 Penna or hom^-bred Italian Queen, accord-
inff to preferpnce. Money refunded in full if on
arrival hees fail to give complete satisfaction.
Price : June. £3 3s.; July. £2 12s. 6rt,, carrian-e
paid, plus 10'. box, returnable. 124 per cent, dis-
count to disabled men. Ca.sh with "order, or by
Anril 1. Book now to secure early deliverv.-
PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. b.69

Feb. 19, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUHNAL.

%

FOR SALE, Nuclei, 1919 Queens, three frames,
47e. 6d.; four, 5as. 6d., May; Hybrids, young
Queens, ready Jun€; returnable cases 7s. 6d.
Journal deposit.— A. H. HAMSHAR, Wonersh,
near Guildiord. b.4l

5 -FRAME NUCLEI, 1919 Queens, Italians ana
Blaclcs, £3. Book early for April and May
delivery. Also Appliances for Sale.^MISS
BURDER, Ohiltington, Lewes. r.b.42

WATERPROOF RUBBER SHEETS for cover-
ing outhouses, etc., 72in., by 36in., brass
eyelets, 12 for 20s.— SAGARS STORES, Ardwick,
Manchester. b.l6

AH. BARTLETT, having established aa
• Apiary where there are no bees within many
miles, can supply pure mated Italian Queens and
Nuclei. His stocks of Italians have been tested for
five years for special qualities, and are second to
none— hardy ,good disease resisters, extra prolific,
the best of comb and honey producers, also mild
tempered. Orders now booked for Nuclei, June-
July, 3-frame, well covered with bees and brood,
with 1920 pure mated Italian. Queen, £2 15s.;
4-frame, £3 5s., carriage paid; box 5s., returnable.
Pure mated 1920 Italian Queens, June-July, 9s. 6d.,
August-September, 7s. 6d.; Virgins, 4s. 6d.; safe
delivery; satisfaction guaranteed. Cash with,
orders. List ready shortly. All Queens reared by
the best up-to-date method in full colonies. Thirty
years' practical experience.— A. H. BARTLETT,
Bee Specialist, High Street, Crowthorne, Berks.

b.l7

WE are reserving a few choice Italian Queens
for the D.B.s for delivery in May^ June,
July and August. Prices and particulars on appli-
cation.—S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cam-
bridge. r.a.62

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price list
for 1920 on application.— Address, E. PENNA,
Bologna, Italy. w.39

BEB FLOWER SEEDS.

Collection of six best Varieties, Is., post free.

Beautifully Illustrated Instructions Up-to-date.

Garden Guide, 64 pages. Free.

KNIGHT'S,
Seed Spbci.ahstb,
wolveehampton.

BOOK NOW.

ITALIAN QUEENS,

Pure Penna Strain.

ASHWORTH,

The Bungalow, Wevmouth Street, Warminster.

(late of Heytesbury).

Pure Golden Italian Bees and Queens.

Their superior hon^y-gathering qualities, pro-
lificacy, beauty, and gentleness are well recog-
nised by
THE WORIiD'S PROMINENT APIARISTS.

A limited number of Colonies raised from my
Stock of Imported Pure Golden, also Three-Band
Italians, for disposal.

Three Standard Frames, £3 IQs. and £2 10s.
respectively, carriage paid; Golden Virgins, IDs.
each; Three-Band Fertiks, 8s. ?d. ; Virgins, 4s.
each.

Bookings executed in rotation from mid-May,
-depending upon weather conditions. Descriptive
Circular, stamp.

E . COOMBER,

64, RONALD P.\RK AVENUE.
WBSTCLIFF, ESSEX.

Send for

Bee-Keepers
Wake Up !

You can make a
Big Profit if you
use right up-to-
date Appliances,
including the
Manley Hive.
MEADOWS,
Syston, Leicester.

Queens

that will fight
Wight" Disease.

Isle of

Send 3cl. for

'Thesecret or immunitg'

and Price List.
T. F. COBB, 33, Bevan Koad, Plumster.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Postage

A Modern Bee Parm 7, 6 ... 6d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett) 5/- ... 4d.

BEE-KEEPING SIMPLIFIED
FOR THE COTTAGER AND
SMALLHOLDER (W. Heeeod-
Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/- ... lid.

BEE-KEEPERS' PRACTICAL
NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... lid.

BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)

Dissectible Model of Queen
Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTILISATION OP FRUIT
BLOSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan) -/3 ... id.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... 11.

Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) -/2 ... 1^.

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock) ... 5/- ... «l"cI.

Management of Out Apiaries 3/- ... Ccl.

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Ooniniercial Fruit
Grow^ing ■/6 ... id.

PRODUCING, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Heeeod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-
lett) 10/6 ... 6d.

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Snel grove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.

Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... lid.
MISCELLANEOUS.

Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.

The Lore of the Honey Bee
(TiCKNEE Edwardes) 2/- ... 2d.

The Humble Bee (F. W. L.
Sladen) , 12/6 ... 6d.

THE BEE WORLD (supplied
only to members of Associations
interested in the control and
development of the Apis Club,
apart from ordinary members of •
the latter), per copy -/8 ... Id.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

23, Bedford Steekt, Strand, Lonton. W.C.2.

FINEST SECTIONS OF HONEY.

A large quantity for Sale at carriage paid prices,

either Plain or Glazed

IRISH RUN HONEY.

Several cwts. for Sale in quantities to suit cns-

tomere, at carriage paid prices in free tins and

cases.

GORDON ROWE,

Honey and Beeswax Packer,.

28a, Moy Road, Cardiff.

96

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 19, 1920.

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foundation

(Protected.)

C The triumph of the ll^etal f OUnda=

tiOn is due to the following significant
advantages : — (I) Indefinite durability
with reasonable care ; (2) Greater safety
of bees in transit on new combs ; (3)
Capability of bearing the weight of
a heavy swarm in hot weather ; (4)
Greater comb stability in quick extract-
ing; (5) Control of drone cells; (6) The
production of even combs; (7) Easy re-
moval of queen cells without the
slightest injury to the foundation ; (8)
Cleanliness and adaptability to sterili-
sation by boiling ; (9) Economy of
labour and time in fitting and detach-
ing; (10) An ideal compromise between
the metal comb and the wax founda-
tion.

€L, The invention has created a world-
wide interest. Its value will be the
more appreciated by studying the fol-
British Bee Journal," November 13; "Bee Craft,"

1919.

lowing original literature : — " Th

December; and "The Bee "World," September, October, and November,

RETAIL PRICES.

C The metal foundation (" worker" type) can now be produced in any size required,
whether for the brood chamber or the super, e.g., for the British Standard Frame
(14 in. X QYz in.). Deep Standard (14 in. x l2 in.), Simmins' (16 in. x 10 in.), Lang-
stroth (17% in. x 9]/$ in.), etc., and for their corresponding super frames. Despite
the heavy cost of machinery, metal, etc., it is offered at a price well withm the pur-
chasing power oj the average bee-J^eeper. All orders, whether large or small, receive
prompt attention, and are executed in strict rotation, and in good time for the season.
We have further dec'.ti»d — for the benefit of bee-keepers who are not yet in a position
to place their orders — on taking the risk of a liberal margin of production to meet
unavoidably delayed orders. /f you have not yet made up your mind as to your
requirement, you are still in time to do so.

mmnm tti.B.€. i)H>e.

C This popular hive, which we originally introduced over twenty years ago, is admir-
able for its water-proof features, since it eliminates the plinth. It stands supreme
amongst all W.B.C. j^atterns. You will never regret trying it with your metal
foundation.

**♦ l^e allow a Five per cent, discount on all our goods (including the Metal Founda-
tion) to members oj the Apis Club, who are respectfully requested to forward their
membership cards when placing orders.

A FINAL REMINDER I To avoid disappointment apply now for the Metal Founda-
tion Price List, and for our 1920 Catalogue.

_ I , m

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd.

UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX. j

(Telegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) ]

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Feb. 19, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Ill

Dorit Order ^'W.S.'* Queens until you have seen the
" Queenland'^ Revised List for 1920. Sid^ post free

NUCLEUS STOCKS-Same Price as 1919.

The only ' Pedigree Bee -Stock Registered in direct line for more

than 25 years.

" AMALGA " is the name of our Queen breeding mother for 1920
' ALTA " is the name of our Drone parent for 1920.

PEODUCE OF ONE NUCLEUS
REALISES OVER £40 IN CASH.
" The three-frame nucleus I purchased
from you had increased last autumn to
two etrong stocks. I supered one on
April 23rd of this year, and the other a
few days later. I sold two swarms, and
made up the others to five stocks. Of
these I also sold three etocks. The
original lot gave 198 lbs. of honey, and
in all I have taken 365 lbs. My sales
amounted to over £41 in actual cash."
CMiss) H. G. MoxsET.
Somerset, Oct. 9th, 1918.

EXCEEDS 500 PER CENT. INTEREST.

" We have now 12 stocks to winter,
besides selling one, out of the two three-
frame nuclei supplied June 20th laet year."
(August 15th, 1917). Miss B. D.

Quainton, Bucks.

THREE TO SEVENTEEN.

" It may interest you to know that the
three stocks to which I introduced your
queens (the only stocks saved in the
apiary) in 1916, produced in all 17 stocks,
and a good surplus in honey in 1917 ; this
under the care of my wife who knew
nothing about bees. I simply directed
her as to management from there
(France)." Oliver G. Pike.

April 9th, 1918.

FIRST AND BEST.

" Your White Star strain was the first
to enter the sections, and all the honey I
got was from them." G. H. S.

Heddon House Dairy.

APRIL 19th.— BOILING OVER.

" The hive is simply boiling over with
\V. S. bees. They are at work when my
other stocks are idling, and they are
stronger than any of my other stocks."

Aberdare, Wales. E. T, W.

ARE THE W.S. PROLIFIC?

" In 1904 I got a W.S. queen from you,
and last year (1905) by the first week in
June she had brood in twenty-five stan-
dard frames." J, H.

Higher Kinnerton, Chester.

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NUCLEUS DELIVERED IN JUNE;
40 FRAMES BY AUGUST.

" The three-frame nucleus of bees now
occupy 40 Standard Frames. They have
exceeded beyond anything I believed pos-
sible. I have never had anything like
them before, and if the other queens on
order turn out the same I consider my
fortune made." .John Jones.

Llancarfan, Aug. 21st, 1918.

SEVERAL STOCKS FROM ONE

NUCLEUS.
" It seems almost ridiculous that this
nucleus of the previous season (Aug.),
before I was prepared for it, swarmed in
April, and I now have several stocks from
that investment." J. W. McKat.

Croydon.

EIGHT STOCKS FROM ONE W.S.

NUCLEUS.
" I now have eight stocks from the onsT
nucleus you supplied last year."

J. JONBS.

Llancarfan, May, 1919.

BEST IN THE COUNTY— NEVER
SAW THE LIKE !
" May 26th. — The two queens you sent
me have exceeded anything that I ever
thought of. The stock chambers are full
and crammed with brood, and all three
supers crowded with bees ; but even with
this tlie bees are boiling over. I have not
fed them at all, and have removed several
frames of brood for another lot. The
County Expert called yesterday, and said
he had never seen such bees, and they
were certainly the best in Hampshire."

D. D. P.

NO SPRING-FEEDING, BUT AGAIN
FIRST.
" The W.S. bees on eleven 16 x 10
frame.} were full and boiling over at the
middle of May. and were the first to enter
supers out of 23 stocks ; and last, but not
least, they required no spring feeding."

U. W.
Arnold, Notts.

Revised 1920 "White Star" List, 3|d., of S. SllflMINS, Queenland, Heathfield, Sussex.

iv THE BEITISH BEE JOtTRKAL. Eeb. 19, 1920.

HIVES.

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a ^ocd hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

" Everything for an Apiary."
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

Bee-keeping Simplified

FOR THE COTTAGER AND SMALLHOLDER,
By W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, F.E.S.,

Author of" Producing, Preparing, Exhibiting and Judging Bee Produce."

Price Is. net. Post Free l/H

This little book supplies the need for a cheap up-to-date and well-illustrated handbook
on bee-keeping, and gives in Mr. W, Herrod-Hempsall's well-known, clear, lucid style
all that is necessary to enable anyone to commence bee-keeping successfully. From

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL OFFICE, 23, Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C.

The "HERROD APICURE.'

SIMPLE CLEAN! EFFICIENT!

, For the Prevention and Cure of Foul Brood and other Diseases oi Bees.

DON'T DELAY— ORDER AND USE AT ONCE.

PRICE, with full instructions, 1/8, 2/10 and 5/8, post free. From all the leading Appliance

Dealers, and from

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL & RECORD OFFICE, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2.

6i "BF"^ A /^P ■ 1 H"^ T^ ^^^ ^P 99 The cure for, and preventive of,
IJP AiImIciII " '^'^ °f ^'S^'t " Disease. _

y^^ -^m.^^,* J, B_Lj r%. ^^J' I Non-poisonous — free from stain
B ■ la o'' unpleasant odour.

i*"^ mi? R1717Q M li

rwl\ DILILO MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

2/6 per Pottle; Post Free. 39, Farringdon Road. London, E.C.I.

The Kent Standard Model Hives & Appliances

TESTIMONIAL. May 12.

Dear Sir, — I have had an opportunity of ccmparing the material and workmanship
oc your hives with others on the market, and in my opinion there is no sort of comparison
between the two, yours being altogether superior in every particular. — Yours faithfully,

S. J. BALDWIN, Stanley Road, Bromley, Kent.

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

Commercial {16' x 10') frames and brood boxes stocked.
Printed by the Avenue Press (L. Upcott Gill & Son, Ltd), 55-57, Drukv Lane, London, W.C, and

PUBUBHBD FOR the PROPRIETOR (W. HERROD- HeMPSALL), BY SiMPKIN, MARSHALL, HAMILTON,

Kent & Co., Lid.. 31 & 32, Paternostes Eow. £.C.

JVI.-v

BsitlBB Bb« JotJttNU iNB BR«-ErtPBE8' AdvISes, February 26, 1^.

MAR 2 3 1920

No. 1966. Vol. XLVIII

FEBRUARY 26, 1920.

iPublishtd $veTv ThuTtday. Prlo* 2d.

PAGE ,

Conference op Bee-keepers

Notice

East of Scotland B.K.A. .
Staffordshire B.K.A

97
101
101
102

PAGE

Crieff and District B.K.A 102

Monmouthshire B.K.A 103

imontgomeryshire b.k.a 104

Notices to Correspondents 104

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYCOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 years.

This is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exactly as bees
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with wax,
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send for Catalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Catalogue post free.

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO.. tof U.S.A.
Sole Manufacturer and Licensee:

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

11

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 26, 1920.

THE

British Bee JournaS

Ebtiblibhed 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devot«d to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAJT. F.I..B., &c.,
and J. HEBBOD-KKSCPSA!.!., F.E.S.

Oorrespondenoe : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SabS«rlptionS. - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance ; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
■will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should '
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 28.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in Qie paper.

Cbe metal foundation.

(Protected.)
For the benefit of readers of the JOURNAL
and the RECORD we have arranged with the
manufacturers of the Metal Foundation to
accept all orders received through our ofHces
at a consideration in the shape erf a 25 per
cent, deposit to begin with, and the balance
by mid-March, or prior to delivery, if earlier.
All orders are guaranteed by them to be
executed not later than April, 1920.
Prices :— (1) BRITISH STANDARD FRAME,
fully fitted with " worker "
Metal Foundation : Single,
2s. 4d. ; per two dozens, 2s. 3d.
each frame; per four dozens
and over, 2s. 2d. each frame.
(2) STANDARD SHEET of
" worker '* Metal Foundation :
Single, 2s. ; per two dozens,
Is. lid. each sheet; per four
dozens. Is. lOd. each sheet.
Subject to a 5 per cent, diecount to members of
the Apis Olub.
Packing & Carriage Extra.
*^* Since the Metal Foundation will be pr<v
duced only to order, no order will be subject
to cancelling.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

You are advised to insist on this beibg used wbaa
dealing with strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouMe, it is requested thai
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatciied until notice that
the money has been deposited ia received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. W© acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold xhe money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2i
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
Ihe expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits. — Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances. — In ordering, ih.6 time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as .price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
acfion must pay carriage one way.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertisedl
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The

'Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free f rem—

WINDSOR HOUSE. Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. HERKOD-HEMFSAJU., 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, l^ondoa, W.C.S.

Feb: 2Q, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURIS'AL.

RI

Conference of Bee-Keepers
re Legislation.

{Continued from, page 85.)
Peesent at Meeting of Bee-Keepees, etc., to
Discuss Bee Diseases Bill, at Sueveyoes'
Institution — Feiday, ^ebeuaey 6, 1920 : —
Edwd. Hodson; Jas. Hill, Hertford and
Ware B.K.A. ; G. S. Peren, M. of A. ; A.
Whiting, M.. of A.; R. Hedger Wallace,
Glamorgansliire A. Ed. C. ; C. D. Thompson,
Glamorganshire A. Ed. C. ; H. Harmer, Dur-
ham B.K.A. ; Edgar T. Gardiner, Durham
B.K.A. ; Austin Keen, Cambridgeshire A. Ed.
C. ; Major S. G. Cook, Huntingdonshire A.
Ed. C ; Wynn Thomas, Ministry of A. and F- ;
W. E. Richardson, Yorkshire. B.K.A. and A.
Ed. Council ; J. Geo. Bothamley, Lincolnshire
(Kesteven) A. Ed. C. ;E. C. R. HoUoway, Cam-
bridgeshire B.K.A. ; G. E. Rogers, Cambridge-
shire B.K.A.; Geo. Hayes, Notts. B.K.A.;
C. Taborn, Notts. A. Ed. C. ; T. W. White,
Walthamstow; Norris S. Toms, Herts. B.K.A.;
P. E. Wagstaff, Herts. B.K.A. ; A. H. Cobbett.
M. of A. ; Miss G. M. Hay, Bucks. B.K.A. ;
J. Pearman, Derby B.K.A. ; A. Briers, Leices-
ter B.K.A.; H. M. Riley, Leicester B.K.A.;
H. E. Warren, Eastbourne B.K.A.; W. S-
Gornall, Eastbourne B.K.A.; G. W. Bulla-
more. School of Agriculture, Cambs. ; T. W.
Cockeram. Wilts. Bee Expert and A. Ed. C. ;
G. S. Bedford, Berks. A. Ed. C. ; A. D. Wood-
ley, Berks. A. Ed. C. ; E. C. Middleton. South
Staffs. B.K.A.; Alfred Dewey, Kent B.K.A. ;
Geo. W. Judge, Kent B.K.A. ; L. E. Snelgrove,
Somerset B.K.A. ; L. Bigg-Wither, Somerset
B.K.A.; Dr. T. Turner O'Callaghan, Wembly
B.K.A. ; W. Broadhurst, Wembly B.K.A. ;
P. C. H. Jay, Sutton; Arthur F. Hardy,
Hants, and I. of Wight B.K.A. ; L. Illingworth,
Hants, and I. of Wight B.K.A. ;E. Ff. Ball,
Bucks. B.K.A. ; J. A. Hebbes, Bedfordshire
A. Ed. C. ; W. Wallace, Bedfordshire A. Ed. C ;
Major H. F. B. Archer, Suffolk B.K.A. ; W. J.
Walton, S. Staffs. B.K.A. ; W. A. Stewart,
Northampton A. Ed. C. ; G. H. Garrod, Kent
A. Ed. C. ; Mrs. Edward Fielding, Chairman
Hortl. Committee, Shropshire County Coun-
cil; T. P. P. MacPhail, Hortl. and
Bee Instructor, Dorset A. Ed. C. ; Rev.
G. E. H. Pratt, Expert and Lecturer, Salop
County Council, A. Ed. C. ; J. W. Stephens,
Herefordshire B.K.A. ; J. Arnfield, Hereford-
shire B.K.A. ; Thomas W. Cowan, Chairman
of the British B.K.A. ; J. B. Lamb, Chairman
Middlesex B.K.A. ; W. J. Pearoe, Chesham
B.K.A. ; H. F. Swann, Hon. Sec. Northamp-
tonshire B.K.A. ; A. F. Harwood, Middlesex
B.K.A. and Bee Committee; George Bryden,
B. B.K.A. ; J. Herrod - Hempsall, Junior
Editor Beitish Bee Jouenal and Bee-Keepees'
Recoed ; John Rerniie, Aberdeen ; H. E.
Scrope Viner, Worcestershire B.K.A. ; J. H.
Jones, M. of A. ; Samuel Leedham, Worcester-
shire B.K.A. and Sec. Bee Committee; J. H.
Roper, Lines. (Kesteven) A. Ed. C. ; F. W.
Dowdey, M. of A. : Rev. H. Morgan, Lecturer
on Bees, Aberystwyth College of Agriculture,
and Pembroke A. Ed. C. ; .James Ritchie,
Fleet B.K.A. ; Robert Lee, Uxbridge B.K.A. ;
G. R. Alder, Essex B.K.A.; F. M. Claridge,
Essex B.K.A.; J. Steel, Cumberland and West-

morland B.K.A. ; G. Chatham, Cumberland
and Westmorland B.K.A. ; Joseph Price, Staf-
ford County Council Bee Expert and A. Ed.
C. ; W. Griffiths, Staffs. B.K.A.; A. G.
Burgess, Sec. of Surrey Bee Restocking Com-
mittee; A. D. Turner, Hortl. Supt. Somerset;
John Rowlands, Madryn Farm School Bee
Instructor for Carnarvonshire ; Rev. R. Dixon
Box, Chairman Twickenham and Thames
Valley B.K.A. ; Miss Byatt, Hon. Sec. Twick-
enham and Thames Valley B.K.A. ; Jas.
Allbon, Hitchin; C. B. Bartlett, Oxford
B.K.A. and A. Ed. C. ; R. T. Cuthbert,
Oxford B.K.A. ; Gauntlett Thomas, Gloucester
B.K.A. ; John Silver, Croydon ; F. Kenward,
Sec. Sussex B.K.A. ; C. H. Woodford, B.K.
Sec. to Hunts. C. Council ; F. W. Frusher,
Lincolnsihire B.K.A. ; James N. Bold, Lanes.
B.K.A. ; Frederick H. Tavlor, Lanes. B.K.A. ;
Fred. Richardson, Ely, Cambs. ; G. Barratt,
Sheffield B.K.A.; G. R. Peart, Sheffield
B.K.A. ; J. E. Pinder, Chairman Salisbury
Bee Assn., Member of Wilts. County Bee Com-
mittee; Mrs. J. E. Pinder, Salisbury B.K.A.;
W. Herrod-Hempsall, M. of A. ; Archibald
Seth-Smith, Surrey B.K.A.; Walter Reid, Vioe-
Chairman B.B.K.A. ; Thos. Cox, Norfolk A.
Ed. C. ; C. J. Gleed, Hants. A. Ed. C. ; A.
Willmott, Hertford and Ware District B.K.A. ;
G. H. Hollingworth, Gloucestershire A. Ed.
C. ; W. E. Hamlin, Surrey B.K.A.; G. J.
Flashman, Middlesex Ed. C.

[The foregoing list should have preceded
the report, but we only had it just as we
were going to press last week, and judged
a part of Dr. Keeble's address would be
of more interest than the list of those
present. — Eds.]

continuation of dr. keeble's address.

We have then to assume that it is not
a case of two opposing parties of repre-
sentatives of a Department and represen-
tatives of an industry meeting here to-<day,
but rather a group of people all of whom
are interested in securing, if possible, an
extension of this small but very important
industry. We are all agreed that the
present state of this industry leaves very
much to be desired, and it is an extraordi-
nary thing that, although bee-keepers as
a class, tlianks largely to their power of
co-operation with one another — which does
not always preclude disagreement with
one another — have, I venture to say, a
very high standard of skill, they have
found their skill baffled and their bees de-
stroyed by a series of acts of God which
have taken the form of sundry pestilences.
As a consequence of the recurrence of
diseases to which various names have been
given — moi'e names than certain cures —
the bee stocks of the country have been
seriously depleted.

In the happy days before the War no-
body had any statistics about anything,
and therefore it is not possible to say
exactly how many bee-keepers there were
before the War, and exactly how many
were lost during the War or gave up the
work during the War. But, by a" lucky
circumstance, we were asked to undertake

98

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Veh.2Q, 1920.

the alms-giving of sugar, and we used that
opportunity — I hope we shall have your
assent to that course — as a means of get-
ting some statistics with regard to bee-
keepers. The figures which we obtained —
I daresay they are common knowledge to
you ; of course, they are by no means com-
plete, because Englishmen generally object
to giving you information about anything
— but the figures we obtained as to the
number of people who really wanted sugar,
and who, we ascertained, really had stocks
of bees up to December, 1919, was a little
over 18,000, and the number of stocks
which they possessed was, with respect to
movable comb hives, some 64,000 ; in skepe,
boxes and other receptacles, which we will
have something to say about later on —
there were some 14,000, making a total of
something like 78,000 stocks of bees in
that year.

How big a decline there has been it is
impossible to say, but it is within the
knowledge of many experts here that that
decline during the last four years has been
great and rapid. For example, a year or
two ago — in 1916 — the Essex bee-keepers
made a census, a repetition of a previous
census, and they were able to show that,
in place of some 2,629 stocks kept by mem-
bers of their Association in the year 1908,
that number of upwards of two and a half
thousand had dwindled to a paltry 205 in
the latter year, 1916; there had been a
fall of 90 per cent., and in other counties,
Middlesex, for instance, a similar fall is
known to have occurred. I do not sug-
gest for one moment that the fall through-
out the country has been anything like so
great; in fact, I will not suggest what it
has been. We may take the present
figures as somewhere about 78,000, and
leave it to those with more knowledge
than I have to suggest whether the de-
cline has been of the order of 20 per cent.,
or 50 per cent., or so great as it has been
in certain localities. It does not greatly
matter now to say how great^that decline
has been, except to show us how much we
have to do to make good.

We know that there is plenty of room
for more bees in this country. You would
have to walk, on the average, in England
along a line or over an area of about
three acres of a fruit plantation before
you would see a single hive, were all the
78,000 stocks kept in fruit plantations and
orchards. That is to say, if we take the
total area of this country under fruit,
leaving out the small gardens and ground
under one acre, then we find, speaking in
averages, there is one hive or stock for
every three acres of plantation of fruit
trees. There is plenty of room for more.

I do not propose to go into the question
of the value of bees as fertilising agents
at the present moment. I think probably

a good deal of exaggeration has found its
way into the Press on that subject, for
how otherwise should we account for the
extraordinarily bountiful harvest of last
year? But I think the truth probably lies
in this — that hive bees do play a very
valuable part in the pollenation of fruit
trees, and that part is most marked in
seasons when fruit is most wanted. In
years of great plenty, when all the condi-
tions are favourable, and all the insect
life of the earth comes tumbling out and
searching for pollen, the hive bee may not
be so important, but in those years when
the conditions are uncertain, it is pretty
certain — and investigations in America
confirm it — that the hive bee does play an
important part, by effecting fertilisation,
in supplying us with fruit.

But apart from that accessory advan-
tage, we know that we want the honey.
We know that sugar is scarce — or, rather,
dear, and therefore scarce. (Laughter.)
We know that the imports of honey
reached the extraordinarily high figure of
£2,750,000 in 1918. Of course, money has
depreciated, but even so it is a very large
\ amount to import. If we try to make a
computation of the amount of honey pro-
duced at home as compared with the
amount imported, I think we shall find we
can estimate the value of the honey pro-
duced at home at something between
£500,000 and £1,000,000. I asked Mr.
Herrod-Hempsall, whose expert knowledge
on these subjects is unrivalled, to give me
an estimate, but I have also myself some
experience in dealing with averages, and
I know that averages can be made to prove
anything. Therefore I prefer to be very
cautious, and so I say that the probable
value of the home crop of honey lies be-
tween £500,000 and £1,000,000. Let us
say that about three times as much is im-
ported as is produced at home. I should
think that is probably somewhere near the
truth. It is rather a pity when you think
that for every four pots of honey that are
eaten, three of them have been raised by
foreign bees on foreign soil, and the money
which has gone to pay for them has also
gone to the people who live on the foreign
soil. There is, then, good ground for first
realising that we have had a bad set-back
in this business, and secondly in realising
that there is a good opening if only we can
recover the lost ground.

We now come to the more difficult ques-
tion— that is, the question of the cause of
this loss of ground. Everybody is aware
nowadays — nobody knows anything with
certainty, but many people are quite cer-
tain that the chief cause is " Isle of
Wight " disease. Not many people are
quite certain what the "Isle of Wight"
disease is. Each new researcher — I will
not say gives it a new name, but is apt to

Feb. 26, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

99

rather under-rate the conclusions reached
by his predecessor. A little while ago we
were quite sure it was due to the bacillus
Nosema apis; now we are not quite certain
that it is. But, after all, "gentlemen, that
is a matter for these research people; we
know that, whatever the cause, the bees
die. The problem then becomes a twofold
one. In the first place, we want more
investigation. (Hear, hear.) The prac-
tical men and the scientific men — if one
can use those two terms, which ought to
be synonymous, but which are usually
taken to be in opposition to one another—
the practical men and the scientific men
must co-operate in the research.

The Ministry has done what it can. It
has founded a Research Institute; it has
encouraged work at Cambridge and at Ox-
ford; there are practical bee-keepers asso-
ciated with that work, and we have hopes
that in the course of time good results "will
follow. But anybody who thinks that re-
search work produces results quickly knows
nothing about it. I have been engaged on
such a work all my life, and although I can
not claim to be a conspicuotis ornament
thereof, I have sufficient experience to
know that no good research work is ever
done quickly; it is slow work. Therefore,
we cannot wait while these gentlemen in
laboratories spend their years over their
microscopes finding out some remedy for
this or that disease ; we have to get on in
the meantime in more rough-and-ready
ways.

There are two ways, I think, by which
we can get it. There is the way which
has been followed in the past, but which,
I think, can be followed with more assid-
uity, and that is by seeing that ignorance
is dissipated. There are many people who
keep bees who ought not to, (Hear, hear.)
They do not know how to keep them; in
fact, thej^are so ignorant that they do not
know anything about the first principles of
cleanliness. (Hear, hear.) Those people
must, by some means or other, be en-
couraged to be clean, not in their own inte-
rests, but in the interests of their neigh-
bours, because there is nothing so con-
tagious as dirt, and the reason why the
modern world insists on cleanliness is not
so much because it is a virtue of itself,
but because dirt is the means of the dis-,
semination of pestilence. And what is
true of human affairs is true even more
acutely of the bees, and therefore, partly
by persuasion, this habit of dirtiness as
applied to the keeping of bees must be
discouraged.

Then, of course, there is in every class
of society, even amongst the most austere
and upright, always a residuum of people
who are dishonest, and those dishonest
peopI« are often th« ones who leave their

dirty hives about in the hope thiat they
will pick up clean bees. That sharp prac-
tice must, if possible, be stopped. Then
there are even people who, from ignorance
or worse, will sell stocks of diseased bees.
Such cases have come under the notice, I
believe, of expert bee-keepers. That also
must be stopped. There is not any room
in the modern world for wicked people!
Much in those directions can be secured,
and is being secured, by the public-
spirited action of bee-keepers in different
parts of the country. More, I think, can
be secured presently when the bee-keepers
have the encouragement which, I hope,
this afternoon we will give them, or which
they will give themselves.

In the second place, and in the case of
this disease which is known as " Isle of
Wight " disease, there does appear to be
good ground for believing that certain
hybrid races of bees stand up against this
disease better than the pure races. I am
aware I am getting now into the domain
of controversy; I do not propose to go into
that domain. I will merely state that
when this question of disease came up I
had that open mind which accompanies
ignorance on the subject, and I caused an
inquiry to be made by many practical bee-
keepers in different parts of the country
where hybrid bees, Dutch and Italian, had
been tried. The inquiry was made by ex-
pert bee-keepers, and I read the results
with care and attention and pondered
them very closely. The results were per-
fectly convincing — not convincing that for
always and for ever the hybrid stock of
bees was going to resist all sorts of
diseases — but they were quite convincing
that it was worth while putting one's
money on that horse, that it was worth
while trying on a large scale the intro-
duction of Dutch stocks and Italian queens
and producing hybrids, and, as you all
know, we did introduce on a moderate
scale Dutch and Italian, and — -thanks
again to the generous help which we had
from bee-keepers in the different coun-
ties, we have been able to distribute some
200 or 300 stocks of Dutch bees and some-
thing like 700 queens, and I am informed
that up to the present some 1,500 nucleus
of stocks have been raisel. So that in the
course of a few years there will be, for
better or for worse — I hope for better — a
considerable number of these little
strangers within our gates. It is quite
probable that they will have to be
strengthened up by the occasional intro-
duction of Italian queens. We are mak-
ing preparations for such introduction.
But we are none of us satisfied that that
expedient is going to solve our problem,
and we believe, the more we look into the
matter, the greatest thing — that which is
going t<? help the bee industry tnPBt— i»

100

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 26, 1920.

the introduction of legislation which will
impose the minimum measure of cleanli-
ness and decent bee-keeping upon those
who take part in this industry. (Hear,
hear.)

We do not wish, and I am sure none of
us • Englishmen at all events, wish to
have a whole penal code applying to every
possible industry whereby any man who
does anything gets himself fined. We do
not wish, I think, to introduce that
system of State " bossing " which was so
characteristic of Germany before the War.
I for my part am most anxious to keep
all legislation within the narrowest bounds
possible; but in the face of the declared
views of bee-keepers — we have had repre-
sentations from 37 Bee-keepers' Associa-
tions, from 39 counties, and other public
bodies declaring in favour of legislation—
in the face, then, of the declared view of
people of experience, we feel that we can-
not any longer resist, in the interest of
the general community, the introduction
of a reasonable measure of legislation.

But we want that legislation to be as
kindlj- and as instructive as possible.
We want it to be used side by side with
the most careful and active propaganda —
propaganda undertaken by people who
really know what they are propaganding —
although ignorance is no excuse for break-
ing the law — so that there shall be no
reason why even the smallest bee-keeper
should not be aware that by practising bad
customs he is not only condemning his
own stocks to death, but is acting as a
focus of infection of his neighbours. I
believe when that is really known we shall
find the same practices applied by bee-
keepers as we find now by all the better
fruit-growers. They also know that un-
less they adopt certain precautions their
trees act as centres for the distribution of
disease, and all, except a small minority
whom we are hoping to weed out by legis-
lation, now adopt precautionary measures.
Similarly, as and when we know what
measures to prescribe, I am quite certain
that bee-keepers will do the like.

Well, gentlemen, that is the present
state of affairs. We have done what we
could to lay the foundation for research;
but I warn you, I have warned you, that
with these foundations the building which
is to rest on those foundations and the
results which are to come out of that
building must perforce be slow. In the
meantime, we do not propose in our legis-
lation to be too precise as to the disease
we want to exterminate; we want to
adopt, in this case at all events, a famous
admiral's advice, and, referring it to all
the diseases, we want to " sack the lot! "
(Cheers and laughter.)

It is therefore for you to consider, and

both now and ahvayS to regard ourselves,
not as somebody being legislated for, but
as co-partners, as we all are, in the State,
and as requested to contribute from long
experience and from your creativeness of
mind to the introduction into this country
of legislation which shall be liberal in
spirit and yet which shall not be futile in
operation, so that at long last, although
we may be the latest of all the chief coun-
tries in the world to introduce this form
of legislation, perhaps in some respects we
may introduce the best. (Hear, hear.)
In any case, I hope the deliberations which
are to take place this afternoon will result
in some such success as that.

As I sit down, I would like to call upon
Captain Wellington to outline to you the
essential points of the proposal, a draft
of which is before you, and, as you will
notice, is marked ""Confidential.

Captain Wellington : Dr. Keeble, ladies
and gentlemen, I am sorry, on behalf of
the Ministry, that this draft has not been
circulated previous to the meeting, but
owing to the fact that it has only ■
recently been prepared, and also to
the fact that it had to be sent for
printing and had to be forwarded to
the Legal Branch for final drafting, it.
was not possible to obtain the copies prior
to the meeting, as otherwise there was a
fear that the Bill might not be presented
this next Session should it be decided to
proceed with it. That point has not been
cleared up yet, and it is still not certain
whether it will be proceeded with this next
Session, although we have every hope, if
the general consensus of opinion is agreed
' that this course is desirable, that it will.

In dealing with the points in the Bill,
I want to be as frank and as free as pos-
sible, so that you may understand
exactly what is in our minds wifh regard
to what the Bill contains and to how it
will be worked in practice, so tftat there
may be no mistaking what our attitude of
mind is with regard to this measure, and
also so that later on this afternoon you
may express your opinions, and may no
doubt make suggestions as to how the Bill
can be most effectually put into force.

If you will take your copies, I will just
run through, in the first instance, the
various clauses and tell you exactly what
each clause confers on the Ministry.

The first clause refers to the importation
of stocks or queens. The second clause
refers to the making of general Orders for
controlling disease, and I should like
tinder this heading that you should under-
stand that in any Order which may be
made the Ministry hope that it will be
with the assent, and only after consulta-
tion, with the bee-keeping industry; that
they shall be fully aware of what is pro-
posed in the Order and what the Order

Feb. 26, 1920. THE BBITISH BEE JOURIS-AL.

101

proposes to do, so that they may under-
stand exactly how it will be carried out.

In the second part of Clause 2 the Minis-
try is authorised to direct the destruction
of the infected hives or stocks; and also
the Minister or the Local Authority may
in respect of such stocks which are de-
stroyed pay such compensation as tiie
Minister or Local Authority may think
fit. I shall come back to that point of
compensation later on.

The second part of Clause 2 also refers
to the destruction of stocks which, though
not diseased, may be suspected of being
diseased, or it may appear in the opinion
of the Ministry that the destruction of
such stocks will prevent the spread of
disease, and in that case compensation
has to be paid to the value of the stocks
and material so destroyed.

Clause 3 refers to the enforcement of
the Bill and of Orders under the Bill.
There is no necessity to deal with the
second and third sections of Clause 3.

Clause 4 refers to the sale or the offer-
ing for sale of infected bees, and also
covers the sale of infected appliances.

Clause 5, unfortunately, through an
error, it is the second Clause 4 in this draft
copy of the Bill, refers to Local Authori-
ties and the delegation of powers to Local
Authorities, and for the payment of the
expenses incurred by them. I shall come
back to this also.

Clause 5 (You will notice there are two
Clauses 4. Clause 5 should therefore read
Clause 6) refers to the inspection of apia-
ries. We shall come back to this also. And
Clause 8, which is the only other important
clause, refers to the application of the
Bill to Scotland^ and I should say here
that that is subject, of course, to the
Board of Agriculture for Scotland concur-
ring in this measure. At present they
have not been approached, and the Bill
would therefore only relate to England
and Wales.

Now, if you will run through the Bill
once more I can refer to the various
clauses in detail.

Clause 1, with regard to the importation,
either prohibits importation or, if thought
desirable, regulates the importation under
certain restrictions.

Clause 2, as I have said, refers to the
making of general Orders, and as I read
through the various proposals which we
should like to see conferred, you will see
that a number of points have to be dealt
with by general Order rather than by the
powers conferred actually by the Bill.
The various proposals for which it w'ould
appear desirable to obtain legislative en-
forcement, besides prohibiting or regu-
lating importation of bees, are these : —

(ii.) The destruction or treatment of
befes afieeted trith disease; that is covered

by Clause 2 in the Bill. (iii.) Direct-
ing the destruction or disinfection of
infected appliances; that is also covered
by Clause 2. (iv.) Which is, by an
Order under Clause 2, the exposure of
(1) honeycomb or bee appliances where bees
can have access to them, except in occu-
pied hives, would be prohibited. I think
that is one of the most important points
which would have to be dealt with in any
Bill. And the second proposal under
this heading is to prohibit the exposure
of unoccupied hives in such a manner that
bees can gain access to them. These two
proposals would be dealt with together
under an Order issued under Clause 2.
(v.) The inspection of apiaries, that is
covered by Clause 5 of the Bill, Section 1.
(vi.) Prohibiting the sale and movement
of diseased bees. Clause 4 of the Bill pro-
hibits the sale, and an Order issued under
Clause 2 would prohibit the movement,
(vii.) The inspection and, if desirable, the
certification of queen-rearing apiaries
could be done by an Order under Clause 2.
And (viii.) The imposition of penalties for
non-compliance either with the Bill or
with an Order issued under the Bill, is
covered by Clause 3 (Section 1).

Under these headings I have run
through the chief measures which it would
probably be thought desirable to' bring
into force, and I have shown how each
could be brought into force. We should
like very much to hear the views of the
meeting on those various points.
{To be continued.)

Notice.

The Council of the British Bee-keepers'
Association are anxious to take tKeir
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show may not be spoilt. In order to
defray the expenses in connection there-
with "the Council ask that all bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which should be sent as early as possible
to the Secretarv. 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2. No sum will be
too small — or too large.

East of Scotland Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The annual general meeting of the East
of Scotland Bee-keepers' Association takes
place on March 6, in Dundee. We have
been successful in securing Mr. J. Tinsley,
Lecturer for the West of Scotland College
of Agriculture, to give a lecture on the
" Isle of Wight " disease.— C. M. FultoW,
Sec.

102

THE BRITISH BEE JDtTRNAL.

Feb. 26, 1920.

Staffordshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

ANNUAL MEETING.

One of tlie most interesting of the
annual gatherings in connection with the
Association took place on Saturday, Feb-
ruary 7, in the Technical Buildings, Staf-
ford, when about 100 members were pre-
sent. Colonel A. H. Heath, the President,
who was the founder, and for nearly 40
years has been the mainstay of the Asso-
ciation, was in the chair. The Rev. A. R.
Alsop, the Vice-President, was unavoid-
ably absent through illness.

The Secretary (Mr. W. Griffiths, of Silk-
more) read the annual report, which
showed a total membership of 327, the
largest number for- over 25 years. The
library was now in successful working
order, and two members — Mr. W. Sproston
and Mr. Wm. Valon — were thanked for
gifts of books. The district committees
had now been put on a business footing,
^heir representatives would form two-
thirds of the new committee, local gov-
ernment being greatly to the advantage of
the members and of interest to the Asso-
ciation. The financial statement showed
a total income of £113 8s. 9d. Including
subscriptions, £55 15s., there was a credit
balance of £31 3s. 10|^d., against
£51 3s. lid. brought forward from the
previous year. The statement of assets
and liabilities showed a balance in favour
of the Association of ^97 16s. 4^d.

Mr. J. Price gave a very interesting
account of the progress of bee-keeping in
the county. Considerable progress had
been made. ^They had not yet got rid of
disease amongst bees, but they had
put their house in as good order as
any county in England. He was afraid
that disease would always exist as long as
bee-keepers were allowed to do things they
ought not to do. The Government were
recognising the necessity of assisting bee-
keepers, and good work was being done in
connection with the re-stocking apiary at
Penkridge. He reported having attended
a meeting in London, along with the
Secretary, at which it was unanimously
agreed that legislation was necessary in
the national interests. Three of the four
points he had advocated as essential were
accepted by the Conference.

The Secretary gave a detailed report of
the Conference, and proposed the follow-
ing resolution : — " That this meeting ap-
proves of the Government's action in in-
troducing legislation to deal with diseases
of bees, and on account of the urgency
hopes every facility will be given for the
passing into law of this beneficent mea-
sure." This was seconded by the Presi-
dent and carried unanimously.

The following were elected Vice-Presi-
denti of the Aasooiatioti :<==»E«v. A. B.

Alsop, Messrs. J. Kendrick, J. T. Homer,
and H. J. Bostock. The Secretary was
re-elected, as was also Mr. W. M. Valon
as delegate to the B.B.K.A. The follow-
ing were elected on the Committee : —
Messrs. F. Amies, W. Jackson, E. W. H.
Knight, G. H. Mytton, J. Stoney, J.
Swanwick, W. M. Valon, G. H. Hope,
and Dr. Mackenzie. Colonel Heath being
compelled to leave. Rev. B. R. Hibbert was
elected to the chair, and Mr. G. W. But-
tery opened a discussion on " Frames."
He said the consensue of opinion was in
favour of a frame larger than the British
standard. Personally he favoured the 16
by 10, because very little alteration was
required in a hive, and it was made and
sold extensively in this country.

The general opinion was not adverse to
a larger frame, but various speakers advo-
cated different sizes. Replying to a sug-
gestion to use a 14 by 12 frame, he said
it was very difficult to obtain timber 12 in,
wide, and he did not know of frames being
stocked in that size, iso bee-keepers would
be compelled to make their own.

Mr. Middleton, of the South Staffs
B.K.A., gave an interesting account of a
visit he paid to Italian bee-keepers a few
months ago. The system of keeping bees,
except with the queen-rearers, was very
crude. The frame hive was very little
used. They had a disease similar to
" Isle of Wight " disease, and a reputed
cure given to him was made up of a kilo
of honey, a litre of red wine, two grammes
of salicylic acid, and a couple of spi-igs
of rosemary. This was boiled and filtered
and given to the bees. Two feeds of it
were said to cure the disease. Several
questions were answered by Mr. Middleton,
and he and Mr. Buttery were thanked for
their addresses.

Light refreshments were served by five
of the lady members, and the usual prize-
drawing for members present took place.
—{Communicated.)

CriefF and District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Visit to Kilmarnock Apiary.
The annual general meeting of the
above Association was held in the Strath-
earn Institute, Crieff, Perthshire, on
January 12. There was an unusually
large attendance, owing to a scheme being
under consideration for re-stocking the
district with Dutch bees from the West of
Scotland Agricultural oollege Apiary at
Kilmarnock. Mr. Joseph Tinsleyi
B.B.K.A., the well-known Bee Expert of
the College, was present, and after the
local secretary, Mr. Clement A. Harris,
had read a report fshowing an increased
membership and satisfactory financial,
balance, lie, Mr. Tinsle^, gave an intoreitr

Fel). 26, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

103

ing account of his visit to Holland to pur-
chase a large consignment of bees; the
special treatment required, and the method
adopted by the College for distribution.
Orders for a dozen skeps were booked, and
the Chairman, Mr. John Mclnnie, and the
secretary were appointed delegates to
visit the Kilmamook apiary and select
them. This visit was paid on Saturday,
January 24, ana proved most interesting
and profitable.

Most of the time was, of course, spent in
carefully inspecting a number of skeps
and choosing those to be sent, for which
Mr. Tinsley offered every facility. He also
proved tireless in answering the many
questions, both on beekeeping in general
and on the treatment of Dutch bees in
particular, with which his visitors plied
him. The chief biisiness over, a visit was
paid to the workshops connected with the
apiary, where much explanation and dis-
cussion of various appliances and processes
connected with bee-keeping took place, and
where the secretary had the pleasure of
writing out by far the largest cheque he
has yet drawn as treasurer of the Associa-
tion ! Mr. Tinsley then showed his visitors
over the College Dairy, and what must
perhaps be called cow-houses, though with
their electric lights and what-not, cattle-
palaces would seem a more suitable name ;
and over the horticultural gardens. The
delegates had been joined at Kilmarnock
by Mr. Robert Allan, a member of the
Crieff Association, who entertained them
and Mr. Tinsley to lunch, during which
the conversation was such as is common
among bee-men, though, the Paisley elec-
tion being so near in point of both time
and place, it, alas! eventually degenerated
into politics.

The bees have since arrived safely a.t
Crieff, in excellent condition : the skeps
weighing from llj up to 19 lbs. The first
result of a careful inspection was a prompt
wire for more stock, and hope once more
inspires lovers of the apis mellifica in
Upper Strathearu. — Clement A. Harris,
Ellangowan, Crieff, Hon. Sec. Crieff and
District B.K.A.

Monmouthshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting of the Monmouth-
shire Bee-Keepers' Association was held
on Saturday, February 7. at the Temper-
ance Hall, Newport. Alderman Graham
Wliite took the chair at the outset, but
upon the arrival of the Rev. M. G. Stanley,
he vacated the chair in this gentleman's
favour. Supporting the chairman were :
— Dr. Strong (hon. sec.), Mr. LI. Morgan
(hon. treasurer), Mr. R. Hancock (assist-
ant hoo, 8ecret«ry), the Rev. W. H, Wil.

liams (Llangstone), Mr. F. Tyler Taylor
(Monmouth), Mrs. Farr, Mrs. Tom Jones,
Miss Evelyn Smith, Mr. H. Price, Mr. W.
Parker, Mr. G. R. Lusty, Mr. H. G.
Heighton, Mr. H. George, Mr. B. Nicholas,
Mr. A. T. Young, Mr. A. Jackson, Mr. E.
M. Hughes and others. The minutes of the
last annual meeting were read and
adopted, and the report and treasurer's
statement passed.

At this stage, Mr. Herrod-Hempsall,
F.E.S., secretary to the British Bee-
Keepers' Association, arrived and met with
an enthusiastic reception, and the meeting
then proceeded with the election of officers.
Mr. L. Forestier-Walker, M.P., was re-
elected president, the chairman, the Rev.
H. G. Stanley, was also re-electod, as was
also Alderman Graham Wliite, as vice-
chairman. Mr. A. T. Young was elected
hon. treasurer in place of Mr. Llewelyn
Morgan, who did not offer himself for re-
election, and was thanked for his past ser-
vices on tha motion of the Rev. H. G. Stan-
ley, seconded by Alderman Graham White.

Dr. G. R. Strong did not offer himself
for re-election as hon. secretary, a fact
which was much regretted by the whole
assembly, the chairman referring in eulo-
gistic terms to the great service which Dr.
Strong had rendered to bee-keepers in
general, being, in fact, the founder of the
Association. In his place, the meeting
unanimously elected Mrs. Llewelyn Mor-
gan, it being remarked that for a lady to
hold this position was somewhat unique.
Mr. R. Hancock found himself unable to
continue his duties as hon. assistant secre-
tary, and he was heartily thanked for his
painstaking services during the past sea-
son on the motion of Mr. LI. Morgan,
seconded by Alderman Graham White.
With some few exceptions, the committee
were re-elected. The local hon. secretaries
were all re-elected with the addition of
Mrs. Farr, for Cwmbran district. Mr.
Hughes for Western Valleys, and Mr.
Jackson for Abergavenny. As representa-
tives on the council of the British Bee-
Keepers' Association, the meeting elected
Mrs. LI. Morgan and Mr. L. Forestier-
Walker, M.P.

The resolution, as outlined in the report
regarding bee legislation, with the addi-
tion of " Compulsory registration of all
bee-keepers," was put to the meeting and
carried with acclamation.

In the course of other business a letter
was read from the Rev. E. J. Bartleet, of
the Gloucestershire Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion, suggesting a three days' convention
of bee-keepers to be held in Gloucester, in
which he invites the Monmouthshire Asso-
ciation \o participate. This project was
favourably received, and was left in the
hands of the committee. It was decided to

104

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Feb. 26, 1920.

accept an invitation received from the
Newport Allotment Holders' Association to
form a honey section in their show in
August next. It was decided to subscribe
to the " Apis " Club with a view to assist-
ing in agricultural research. Hopes were
expressed that the application to the Mon-
mouthshire County Council for a financial
grant would be acceded to during the year.

An adjournment was now matle for tea,
which was kindly providea by a committee
of ladies.

Whilst tea was in progress Mr. J. A.
Gnaccon, F.R.C.O., gave a most enjoyable
organ recital, appropriately opening his
programme with Mendelssohn's " Bees'
Wedding."

The piece de resistance was now an-
nounced, and took the form of a lantern
lecture from Mr. Herrod-Hempsall, who
kept his audience spell-bound for over one
hour and a half. The subject of the lecture
was "Queen Rearing and Introduction,"
and was dealt with in a most lucid manner.
At the close Mr. Herrod-Hempsall showed
some remarkable slides depicting the bene-
ficial action of bees upon fruit blossom and
clover, and after answering a number of
questions, he was heartily thanked on the
motion of the Rev. H. Gr. Stanley, seconded
by the Rev. W. H. Williams.

Mr. L. Forestier- Walker presided at the
first annual dinner, which was held at the
King's Head Hotel, in the evening. There
was a very good attendance. A number of
toasts were proposed, and responded to,
and a most enjoyable meeting and dinner
was closed with the singing of the National
Anthem. — {Communicated.)

Montgomeryshire Bee-Keepers.f

ASSOCIATION TO BE FORMED.

Mr. T. Simpson Jones presided over a
conference at the Town Hall, Welshpool,
on Saturday, February 14, convened by
Mr. D. L. John, the agricultural
organiser for Montgomeryshire, to con-
sider proposals emanating from the
Ministry of Agriculture that a Bee-
Keepers' Association should be formed
for the county to carry into effect the
Ministry's scheme for combating " Isle of
Wight " disease among bees and making
good the havoc which the disease has
wrought among the stock of bees in the
coijntry.

There was a fairly representative
attendance of bee-keepers, to whom Mr.
John read corresoondence forwarded by
the Ministry to the County Agricultural
Education Committee. In substance the
Ministry's scheme provides for educa-
tional lectures on bee-keeping ; steps for
disinfecting or prefer£(,bly destroying
skeps where the disease has been preva-

lent, and for arranging for the reception
of imported Italian queen bees and their
hybridisation with British bees to form
the nuclei of new stocks of bees. The
Ministry were prepared to bear two-
thirds of the expense of carrying out the
scheme.

Mr. Alfred Jones, Hall Street, Welsh-
pool, moved that an association be formed.
The Education Committee, he said, were
convinced that the formation of an asso-
ciation was the only way of carrying out
the scheme, which was certainly a matter
of much importance. No doubt many
smallholders would desire to take up bee-
keeping, and, apart from the profitable
nature of the work, it would be very
prejudicial to fruit-growing and other
branches of agriculture if no steps were
taken to make good the ravages to the
stocks of bees in the country.

Mr. Holmes, Powis Castle Nursery,
seconded the motion, which was unani-
mously carried.

The following were appointed the com-
mittee of the Association, with Mr. Rees
Pryce, Welshpool, as secretary: — Messrs.
Simpson Jones, Alfred Jones, C. Ridding,
Holmes, Spence, W. Stourton, Roberts
fPool Quay), Keeling, John Pugh, the
Rev. T. D. James, Major Beadnell, Mrs.
Salter, Mrs. J. H. Davies, and the Rev.
E. M. Davies.

Price op Sugar for Bee Food.
We are still receiving queries on this matter. We
understand that retailers have instructions from
the Sugar Commission to charge manufacturers'
prices to bee-keepers. These prices are upwards
of Is. Sugar for household purposes is sub-
sidised by the iGk)vernment, and sold under cost
price. Efforts are being made to get sugar for
Dee food at the same price as for household pur-
poses, and our readers may trust us to let them
kno wafc once if they are successful.

E. L. Downer (Windsor).— Tom Tit eating bees.—
Tour best plan will be to give the marauder a
dose of small shot. If you do not want to kill
it, trv the effect of hajf a cocoanut shell, con-
taining mutton, or other hard fat, hung near the
hive. , , ^ ^

H. M. L. (Chilwell).— Tesimg sugar.— (1) Lump, or
loaf, sugar is not all pure cane. (2) It requires
special apparatus, and analytical skill to deter-
mine if sugar is beet or cane. (3)) A rough and
ready test is to partly fill a bottle with a syrup
of sugar and water, stand in a warm place for
about 48 hours, keeping the bottle tightly corked.
If the cork is removed at the end of that time
pure cane sugar will have a sweet wholesome
smell; that of beet sugar will be foul.

H. PooLB (Salop).— Bees pollinating tomatoes— v!e
have not noticed bees working these. We believe
they are wind fertilised. Tapping the stems witn
the fisit is the method of distributing the pollen
usually adopted for tomatoes grown under glasa.

Feb. 26, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

105

" Leigh-on-Sea " (Essex) .—Siarf ma sections under
brood boa;.— (1 and 2) If ihe section rack is put
in a shallow comb box, pack it up until the top
is within i in. of the bottom bars of frames. A
better plan would be to us« " The Lee " section
rack. Tile brood box would stand on this, or
make a box similar to a shallow comb box, only
the same depth as the section rack. (3) No
excluder is needed, as the rack of sections is
transferred to tie top of brood nest, preferably
over an excluder, soon as the bees commence to
work in it, another empty one taking its place.
The method is not often followed now, but it was
much used a few years ago.

E. W. L. (Northwich).— [/siwfir wooden lid instead
of quilt.— These Save been used satisfactorily, and
are strongly recommended by some of the best
bee-keepers. The main disadvantage is that they
are not easily adaptable to any required number
of frames. A better plan than a hinged board is
to have several loose boards of varying width,
with slats i in. thick nailed under each end. Two
of them would each need a slat along one side
as well.

S. M. M. (Dorking).— Mafcing compound nuclei
hives.— Use an ordinary well-fitting division board
to divide the nuclei, not queen excluder. To
clean excluders boil them, or scrub with a fairly
stiff brush, dipped in hot water and Fels naptha
soap, or Scrubbs' cloudy ammonia.

"B " (Invevnese).— Dealing with Dutch bees in

skeps.—li you have failed to get the bees to work
down on to frames of foundation, try artiiicial
ewarming. As soon as a colony is fairly strong
remove it to a new stand on a warm day, placing
a movable comb hive fitted with frames of foun-
dation in its place. In the late afternoon drive
the skep until the queen is secured, and hive her
and the bees in the new hive. The skep may
be allowed to rear a new queen and work up
again, or it may be driven again later, if no
queen cells were started in about three weeks
time, and the bees united to those in the new
hive. Any young queens may be killed, or the
old queen may be killed, and one of the young
ones retained. If queen cells were started drive
10 or 12 days after moving the hive. Better
requeen with Italians. You will then have no
difficulty in disposing of surplus stocks at a
reasonable price.

H. Gordon (Birmingham).— If the colony is strong
try one of the remedies soon as the weather is
suitable for application. If the bees are
destroyed, J oz. cyAnide of potash dissolved in
water and poured between top bars is the most
effectual method, but needs great care, as cyanide
is a deadly poison. Bisulphide of carbon— which
should be kept away from fire, as it is very
inflammable — or chloroform will also prove effec-
tive. The quilts may be boiled 15 minutes, and
then soaked for at least an hour in disinfectant
and water. If the hives are scorched they will
be all right.

C. M. Haslam (Ripley).— It is evident the last queen
in the hive was a drone breeder.

A. E. Stephens (Somerset).— There is only one
standard frame, 14 in. by 8^ in. Possibly you
mean a suggested larger frame, 14 in. by 12 in.
or 16 in. by 10 in.

W. Hunt (Somerford).— Your plan for introducing
should Succeed, but in queen introduction the
best laid plans " gang aft agley." We do not
know of any bees for sale except those adver-
tised in the Journal.

R. N. Brown (Kimnton).— (1) Most of them are
good. (2 and 3) Yes. We cannot say that one
is better than another. (4) We would prefer
them to imported queens. (5) We do not think
so. though they would probably do as well. It is
largely a question of management.

B. Wright (Devon).— It is better to wire the
frames. Use fine round wire nails of a suitable
length to go through the wood and form a small
hook. Start the nail about J in. from the groove,
and drive it obliquely so that it comes out about
the centre on the inside.

Suspected Disease.
J. Botrpft (Birtley).— The trouble is " X.O.W."
cl,i|«a«e. Thinks for letter, which we nope to
wake use of soon as epice is available.

J. S. P. (Flints), G. G. (Hampstead).— All sainples
had " I.O.W." disease.

M. G. Brett (Woking), H. C. R. N. (Glam.), T.
AXFORD (Salisbury), G. Willotjghby (Grantham),
" Constance " (Marlborough), '"Kidnor " (Kid-
derminster).—The bees were affected with
" I.O.W." disease.

H. Ward (Birkenhead).— Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 5 are
natives, or possibly Dutch, No. 4 Italians, and
all are healthy so far as we can tell. We advise
you to stick to the " British Bee-keepers' Guide
Book."

C. B. LiNDSAV (Horley).— We do not find disease
in the bees, and think they died from starva-
tion.

• *•***

We shall be obliged if readers will not send bees
to this office for diagnosis. We have so much
other work, and the samples are so numerous
that we are unable to afford the time to make
a satisfactory examination, neither is the Junior-
Editor, on whom this work falls, by any means
a skilled bacteriologist. Those desiring bees
examined should send them to Dr. Helen
Goodrich, The Department of Comparative
Anatomy Museum, Oxford, who is working
on the diseases of bees, for the Ministry of
Agriculture, and these examinations may provide
useful information for the Government bac-
teriologists. A brief description of any symp-
toms noticed should also be given. A stamped,
addressed envelope should accompany inquiries.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per Jin.., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

Q

UEEN, 1919, fertile, wanted at once.— HORN,
, Wharfedale Gardens, Thornton Heath.

b.69

PURE Light English Honey, good quality, in
1-lb. Mono pots. Is. 9d. per lb.— MISS E.
JOHNSON, Ripple Hall, Tewkesbury. b.71

THE SECRET OF IMMUNITY.— Fresh supply
ready in a few days.— COBB, 33, Bevan Road,
Plumstead. b.72

LADY BEE-KEEPER wanted to take charge of
Apiary at Billingshurst.— State salary required
and full particulars to GORDON, 24, Lewes Cres-
cent, Brighton. b.73

SEVERAL STOCKS of Italian Bees (guaranteed
healthy) for Sale, also Hives and Bee
Appliances.— PHELPS, Pippbrook, Mill House,
Dorking. b.74

WHAT offers for Observatory Hive? Bees pre-
ferred.- Particulars, F. HOPKIN, Eastwood,
Notts. bJ6

ONE DOZEN well-filled Sections, fflazed, clover
and heather. What offers?— THOS. LLOTD,
Cilmery, Builth Wells, Breconshire. b.7« '

106

THE BRITISH BEE JDTJRNAL. Feb. 26, 1920.

FOR SALE, two Stocks of Doxtch Hybrid Bees in
Taylor's No. 6 Bee Hives— MISS H. LANG-
TON, 7. Calverley Park Crescent, Tunbridge Wells.

b.75

FOR SALE, two strong Stocks Hybrid Italians,
one Stock British Blacks, all on ten frames,
no disease, £5 each.— WOOD. Manor House,
Neston, Cheshire. r.b.77

FIVE Lee's Holborn Hives complete, good con-
dition, zinc roofs,. £2 5s.— TAYLOR, 137, Keld-
gate, Beverley. b.79

FOR SALE, two Stocks Bees on 10 frames in
W.B.C. Hives (1918 and 1919), two empty
Hives, complete, also quantity Appliances,
frames, sections, etc.; reason for selling, over-
stocked; full hive, £7; empty hive, fitted, £3 36.
Can -be seen by appointment.— MRS. ENTHONY,
Buckland, Betchworth. b.Sl.a

WANTED, for scientiiic purposes, a few live
Bees, from diseased or dwindling stocks;
cages 'sent and expenses paid.— SNELGROVE,
Quadrant, Weston-super-Mare. a.ll

BEE PLANTS for early forage, Limnanthes,
strong, afUtumn sown, lOO 26. 4(1., free.— WM.
COLLINS, Castlebellingham, Ireland. b.80

WANTED, Books on Bees and Bee-keeping,
scientific, historical, or practical, including
Cowan's " The Honey Bee, Its Natural History,
etc.," and Cheshire's " Bees and Bee-keeping." State
full title, date of publication, number of page*,
and lowesit price.— Box 66, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, W.C.2. b.81

WANTED, Extractor, gear driven, good con-
dition, for cash.— TYLER, Wrangle, Boston.
Lines. b.82

CAN spare a few Dutch Stocks of Bees on six
standard frames, 1919 Queen, 60s., carriage
paid; April delivery.— W. CHANNELL, Grove
Apiary, Histon, Cambs. b.83

TWO W.B.C. Hives for Sale, quite new, super
and section rack included, 35s. each; a bar-
gain.—H. STRIDE, 248, Wimborne Road, Bourne-
mouth. b.84

WANTED, healthy Stock of Bees, 6 or 8 frames,
April delivery.— WATERHOUSE, Rossett
Green, Harrogate. r.b.85

BEESWAX for Sale, good quality yellow, 10
cwts., in 1 or 2 cwt. bags, at £9 16s. per cwt.
f.o.r. London.— Apply, Box 67, B.B.J. Office, 23,
Bedford Street, W.C.2. r.b.86

FOR SALE, several good, strong, healthy Stocks
of Bees (on 8 frames), £5; travelling box 10s.,
returnable; April delivery or earlier if weather
suitable.- ROSE, Wellington House, Ten Mile
Bank, Downham Market, Norfolk. b.87

FOR SALE, four Hives, Extractor, Skep, quan-
tity of Accessories, £4; no disease. View by
appointment.— PICKERING, 6, Heathfield Gar-
dens, Chiswick, W.4. b.88

Inflfl SECTIONS, grooved and split top,
• ""V 10 lbs. foundation squares, 96s., car-
riage paid.— HULL, Bee-keeper, Barrow-on-Soar,
Leicester. b.90

COMPLETE APIARY for Sale, comorising eigW
Stocks of Bees on 10 frames, six Hives, W.B.C.
pattern, two old Hives, Shallow Frame Boxes with
drawn-out combs, Section Racks and Sections,
Queen Excluders, three Feeders, Smoker, Super
Clearer, two Uncapping Knives, Section Block, and
Extractor; estimated value £80; would accept £70
or near offer; would sell seiparately; no " LO.W."
or any other di«='6ase.— SNOW, " Bundoran," Hart-
ley, Longfield, Kent. b.91

A VACANCY occurs for a Pupil on an old eetab-
•ty lished b«e farm. Opportunity will be given
to l«ara b««-kwplni on a big Male.— Anply, Box
•1, B.B.J. Offle€, W, Bedford Itrwt, W.C.ft. r.ft.6T

WILL it be worth waiting for? You may well
wonder what is coming next. More later. —
SMITH, Cambridge. b.95

BEES FOR SALE.— Several small Stocks, on six
combs, of honey fed, healthy Bees, £3 10s.
each; travelling box 10s., refunded if box returned
in sound condition within seven days. Stamj) for
reply. — REED. Primrose House, Heacham, King's
Lynn. r.h.30

PURE English Honey, mainly white clover, in
14- and 28-lb. tins, £9 per cwt., carriage paid.
Reduced price for larger quantity.— WELLS,
Claudius Road, Colchester. r.b.35

WANTED, in March, strong Stock pure Italian
Bees, 1919 Queen; must be guaranteed free
from disease.- WORTHINGTON, World's End,
Solihull, Warwickshire. r.b.60

HONEY.-^25 dozen finest clover, clean, well-filled
Sections, a)6. per dozen, carriage forward;
expert packing free.— GIBSON, Apiaries, Bally-
gowan, Belfast. r.b.^9

PLANT " Willow Herb " for your bees ; useful
honey flower; 12 roots, 2s.— BOWEN. Pittville
Street, Cheltenham. b.46

n' HEALTHY Italian Stocks, headed by Penna
Queens, £5 Ss. each.— J. YOUNGER, 6,
Maid's Causeway. Cambridge. r.b.45

JTALIAN BEES on 6 frames, headed by Penna's
1920 Queen, delivery June, £4 10s., carriage
paid.— ENNEVER. Oak Avenue, Ridgeway,
Enfield. r.b.70

CORRHSPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING. Golden Square, Hen-
field, Sussex. r.a.54

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Pric« and
particulans to W. HBRROD-HBMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lis., post
free; one Wood Milne Motor Foot Pump. 468.,
carriage free.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS,
(lid. per word.)

DUTCH AND DUTCH-ITALIANS.— Four-frame
Nuclei, May and June delivery, orders taken
in rotation, £3 3s.; cash with order; carriage paid.
They are the Daily Mail strain I have had seven
years, and Bee-Mason's four years. Never had
disease; beautifully clean and healthy. You want
good disease resistors, prolific, and heavy honey
producers. Here You Have Them.— SEALE,
Ashley Cottage, Oatlands Drive. Walton-on-
Thames, Surrey. b.92

ITALIAN NUCLEI from 30s., Fertile Queen from
7s. 6d.. Virgins from 3s. 6d., 8-frame Stocks £4.
Warranted healthy. Particulars stamp.— WATTS,
Conway Cottage, Newtown, Parkstone, Dorset, b.93

DON'T BUY BEES until you have seen our
prices and guarantee. You risk nothing, as
we return money in full if bees fail to give satis-
faction. Special terms to disabled men. Catalogue
3d., which is refunded on first order.— PEARSON &
GALE, Marlborough. b^

STRICTLY BUSINESS.— Wire Clearer Boards,
6s. 6d., post paid; Japanned Sprayers, 5s., post
paid; six 1-lb. cakes Flavine Candy, 10s., post paid.
No sugar certificates needed. Free sugar! At a
price!— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cam-
bridge^ b.96

NUCLEI from pure imported Italian Stock, 4
frames, May £2 12s. 6d.. June £2 7e. 6d.,
July, £2 2s. 6d.; 3 framefi, May £2 59., June
£S 28. 6d., July £1 16»., carriage paid; also Virein
and Fertile Queene and StoclJS for Sale.—DAVIT)-
•BOJT, Foreit Bead, Burtoiu>oa«Tr«t. b.97

Feb. 26, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOtTRNAL.

107

LIGURIANS.— My strain combines all tih© good
qualities you deeire. They are beautiful,
gentle and hardy, capital foragers, and disinclined
to swarm. Queens, end of May, 10s.; June, 8e.;
July, 7s., post free. Limited number of spare
Nuclei in June and July; tliree frames and Queen,
£2 5s., carriage paid. Inquiries stamp.— HOUS-
TON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup. b.89

FOB SALE, Stocks, £5; Swarms, £2; Queens,
7s. 6d.; Nuclei, £o. Orders booked now.— THE
HEATHERLANDS BEE EARM, Thursley,
Godalming. b.65

THREE-FRAME NUCLEI, £2 26.; Queens,
lOe. 6d. Hardy, prolific (hybrids, disease
resistant strain. I have not had any " I.O.W."
in my hives at any time.— O. W. H. OVENS, 151,
Fishponds Road, Eastville, Bristol. rb.68

FOR SALE, Nuclei, 1919 Queens, three frames,
478. 6d.; four, 52s. 6d., May; Hybrids, young
Queens, ready June; returnable cases 7s. 6d.
JoTJENAL deposit.— A. H. HAMSHAR, Wonersh,
near Guildford. b.41

5 -FRAME NUCLEI, 1919 Queens, Italians ana
Blacks, £3. Book early for April and May
delivery. Also Appliances for Sale.— iMISS
BURDER, Ohiltington, Lewes. r.b.42

WATERPROOF RUBBER SHEETS for cover-
ing outhouses, etc., 72in. by 36in., brass
eyelets, 12 for 20s.— SA6ARS STORES. Ardwick,

Manchester. b.l6

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson. Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price list
for 1920 on application.— Address, B. PENNA,
Bologna, Italy. w.39

COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON.

AGRICULTUltAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.

HORTICULTURAL SUB-COMMITTEE.

Wanted, TRAVELLING STAFF TEACHER OF
BEE-KEEPING, ito take up duties shortly. Con-
ditions of appointment and Application Form sent
on receipt of stamped, addressed foolscap enve-
lope, to be returned by March 15, to D. T.
COWAN, Director of Education, The Castle,
Winchester.

Dutch Bees.

I have been appointed Sole Agent for Hans
Matthes, the Dutch Bee Farmer who supplied the
British Government last season with Skeps for
their County Re-stocking Scheme. Hans Matthes
also supplied' me with what Skeps I required last
year.

Last autumn I got a large consignment over
from Holland, and am presently wintering these
at my Apiary here.

To those desirous of testing these Dutch Bees. I
will be pleased to send on my Illustrated Cata-
logue, containing much information regarding
the hardiness, prolificacy, disease-resisting, and
honey-gathering characteristics of this race of bee.

Address—

R. WHYTE,

The Bee Farm,

Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.

Send for

Bee-Keepers
Wake Up !

You can make a
Big Profit if you
use right up-to-
date Appliances,
including the
Manley Hive.
MEADOWS,
Syston, Leicester.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Postage

A Modern Bee Farm 7, 6 ... 6d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett) 5/- ... 4d.

BEB-KEEFING SISXPIiXFIED
FOR THE COTTAGER AJND
SMAIiIOEOIiBEB (W. Hebeod-
Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/- ... lid.

BEE-KEEPERS' FRACTXCAIi
NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... l^d.

BRITISK BEE - KEEPERS'
OUIBE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)

Dlssectible Model of Queen
Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTZI.ISATXON OF FRUIT
BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... Id.

Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) ./2 ... Id.

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock) 5/- ... Od.

Management of Out Apiaries 3/- ... Cd.

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing -/6 ... id.

PRODUCIKO, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEB PRODUCE (W.
Hebbod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-
lett) 10/6 ... 6d.

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... ad.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan)... 2/- ... 2id.

Wllke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... lid.
MISCEIiIiANEOUS.

MaeterUnck's Iiife of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.

The Iiore of the Honey Bee
(TiCKNEB Edwardeb) 2/- ... 3d.

The Humble Bee (F. W. L.
Sladen) 12/6 ... 6d.

THE BEE WORIJ) (supplied
only to members of Associations
interested in the control and
development of the Apis Club,
apart from ordinary members of
the latter), per copy -/8 ... Id.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

28, Bbdfoed Steebt, Stband, London, WXJ.t.

FINEST SECTIONS OF HONEY.

A. large quantity for Sale at carriage paid prices,

either Plain or Glazed

IRISH RUN HONEY.

Several cwts. for Sale in quantities to suit cob-

tomeifl, at carriage paid prices in free tina and

cases.

GORDON ROWE,

Honey and Beeswax Packer,

28a, Moy Road, Cardiff.

BEE FLOWER SEEDS.

Collection of six best Varieties, la., post free.

Beautifully Illustrated Instructions Up-to.<lat«.

Garden Guide, 64 pages, Fret.

KNIGHT'S,
Seed Specialist!, '

WOLVEBHAllPTON,

108

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAI.

Feb. 26/1920.

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more
lowing original literature : — " The British Bee Journal,*
December ; and *' The Bee World," September, October,

m metal
foundation

(Protected.)

C The triumph of the lUetal yOUnda=
tion is due to the following significant
advantages : — (1) Indefinite durability
with reasonable care ; (2) Greater safety
of bees in transit on new combs ; (3)
Capability of bearing the weight of
a heavy swarm in hot weather ; (4)
Greater comb stability in quick extract-
ing ; (5) Control of drone cells ; (6) The
production of even combs ; (7) Easy re-
moval of queen cells without the
slightest injury to the foundation ; (8)
Cleanliness and adaptability to sterili-
sation by boiling ; (9) Economy of
labour and time in fitting and detach-
ing; (10) An ideal compromise between
the metal comb and die wax founda-
tion.

C The invention has created a world-
wide interest. Its value will be the
appreciated by studying the fol-
November 13; "Bee Craft,"
and November, 1919.

RETAIL PRICES.

C The n^^tal foundation (" worker " type) can now be produced in any size required,
whether for the brood chamber or the super, e.g., for the British Standard Frame
(14 in. X 8]/2 in.). Deep Standard (14 in. x 12 in.), Simmins* (16 in. x 10 in.), Lang-
stroth (175^ in. x 9}/$ in.), etc., and for their corresponding super frames. Despite
the heavy cost of machinery, metal, etc., it is oflfered at a price well within the pur-
chasing power of the average hee-l^eeper. All orders, whether large or small, receive
prompt attention, and are executed in strict rotation, and in good time jor the season.
We have further decitL»d — for the benefit of bee-keepers who are not yet in a position
to place their orders — on taking the risk of a liberal margin of production to meet
unavoidably delayed orders. Ij you have not yet made up your mind as to your
requirement, you are still in time to do so.

tU Uxbridge m.B.€. Iiive.

C This popular hive, which we originally introduced over twenty years ago, is admir-
able for its water-proof features, since it eliminates the plinth. It stands supreme
amongst all W.B.C. patterns. You v,rill never regret trying it with your metal
foundation.

0*t^ We allow a Five per cent, discount on all our goods (including the Metal Founda-
tion) to members of the Apis Cluh, who are respectfully requested to forward their
membership cards when placing orders.

A FINAL REMINDER! To avoid disappointment apply now for the Metal Foundar
tion Price List, and for our 1920 Catalogue.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd.

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UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

(Telegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

Feb. 26, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

Dont Order ^*W.S,^' Queens until you have seen the
" Queenland*' Revised List for 1920, 3^d. post free

NUCLEUS STOCKS-Same Price as 1919.

The only Pedigree Bee -Stock Registered in direct line for more

than 25 years.

" AMALGA " is the name of our Queen breeding mother for 1920
"ALTA" is the name of our Drone parent for 1920.

PRODUCE OF ONE NUCLEUS
REALISES OVER £40 IN CASH.
" The three-frame nucleus I purchased
from you had increased last autumn to
two strong stocks. I supered one on
April 23rd of this year, and the other a
few days later. I sold two swarms, and
made up the others to five stocks. Of
thes« I also sold three stocks. The
original lot gave 198 lbs. of honey, and
in all I have taken 365 lbs. My sales
amounted to over £41 in actual cash."
CMiss) H. G. MoYSET.
Somerset, Oct. 9th, 1918.

EXCEEDS 500 PER CENT. INTEREST.

" We have now 12 stocks to winter,
besides selling one, out of the two three-
frame nuclei supplied June 20th la«t year."
(August 15th, 1917). Miss B. D.

Quainton, Bucks.

THREE TO SEVENTEEN.

" It may interest you to know that the
three stocks to which I introduced your
queene (the only stocks saved in the
apiary) in 1916, produced in all 17 stocks,
and a good surplus in honey in 1917 ; this
under the care of my wife who knew
nothing about beee. I simply directed
her as to management from there
(France)." Oliveb G. Pike.

April 9th, 1918.

FIRST AND BEST.

" Your White Star strain was the first
to enter the sections, and all the honey I
got was from them." G. H. S.

Heddon House Dairy.

APRIL 19th.— BOILING OVER.

" The hive is simply boiling over with
\V. S. bees. They are at work when my
other stocks are idling, and they are
stronger than any of my other stocks."

Aberdare, Wales. E. T. W.

ARE THE W.S. PROLIFIC?

" In 1904 I got a W.S. queen from you,
and last year (1905) by the first week in
June eiie had brood in twenty-five stan-
dard frames." J. H,

Higher Kinnerton, Chester.

b)
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NUCLEUS DELIVERED IN JUNE;
40 FRAMES BY AUGUST.

" The three-frame nucleus of bees now
occupy 40 Standard Frames. They have
exceeded beyond anything I believed pos-
sible. I have never had anything like
them before, and if the other queens on
urder turn out the same I consider my
fortune made." .John Jonss.

Llancarfan, Aug. 21st, 1918.

SEVERAL STOCKS FROM ONE

NUCLEUS.

" It seems almost ridiculous that this
nucleus of the previous eeaeon (Aug.),
before I was prepared for it, swarmed in
April, and I now have several stocks from
that investment." J. W. McKat.

Croydon.

EIGHT STOCKS FROM ONE W.S.

NUCLEUS.
" I now have eight stocks from the one
nucleus you supplied last year."

J. JOWIfi.

Llancarfan, May, 1919.

BEST IN THE COUNTY— NEVER
SAW THE LIKE !
" May 26th. — The two queens you sent
me have exceeded anything that I ever
thought of. The stock chambers are full
and crammed with brood, and all three
supers crowded with bees ; but even with
this the bees are boiling over. I have not
fed them at all, and have removed several
framc-s of brood for another lot. The
Coimty Expert called yesterday, and said
he had never seen such beee, and they
were certainly the beet in Hampshire."

D. D. P.

NO SPRING-FEEDING, BUT AGAIN
FIRST.
" The W.S. bees on eleven 16 x 10
framed were full and boiling over at the
middle of May. and were the first to enter
supers out of 23 stocks; aiid last, but not
least, they required no spring feeding."

u. w.

Arnold, Nott».

Revised 1920 "White Star" List, 3^d., of S. SIMMINS, Queenland, Heathfieid, Sussex.

iv THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Feb. 26, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

^'Everything for an Apiary,"
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

Bee-keeping Simplified

FOR THE COTTAGER AND SMALLHOLDER,
By W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, F.E.S.,

Author of " Producing, Preparing, Exhibiting and Judging Bee Produce"

Price Is. net. Post Free 1/li

Thit little book supplies the need for a cheap up-to-date and well-illustrated handbook
on bee-keeping, and gives in Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsalfs well-known, clear, lucid style
all that is necessary to enable anyone to commence bee-keeping successfully. From

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL OFFICE, 23, Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C.

The "HERROD APIGURE.'

SIMPLE CLEAN! EFFICIENT I

For the Prevention and Cure of Foul Brood and other Diseases ol Bees.

DON'T DELAY— ORDER AND USE AT ONCE.

PRICE, with full instructions, 1/8, 2/10 and 5/8, post free. From all the leading Appliance

Dealers, and from

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL & RECORD OFFICE, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2.

6( ^"^ ^ ^^1^^ r^ H^h ^^\. ^P 59 The cure for, and preventive of»

" Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

rOK B£E5 mknley & james. ltd.,

per Bottle. Post Free. 39, Farringdon Road, London, E.Cl.

RACTEROI

S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17X 14X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

THK APIARY. BROMI^E^Y. KENX.

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

Commercial (JC x 10') frames and brood boxes stocked.

PftlNTCD BY THB AVINDg PEKSB (L. UPOOTT GiLL & SON, LiD) , 55-57, DSUBY LANK, LONDON, W.C, AMD
POBUBHID VOa TBI PbOP&IITOR (W. HBK&OD-HbHPBALL), Vi SiMPKIN, MiBBHALL, HaUIUOM,

KcNT & Co.. Lid.. 31 & 22. PinnNOBiiB Bow. £.C.

\ifit«

Bbitibh Bn Jodrnu. and Bii-eeipeu' Adviu*, March 4, 1920.

XjLltXJLTQl

No. 1967. Vol. XLVIII

MARCH 4, 1920.

IPubliihad tverv Thurtday, Price Sd.

COX9 n? e: N n? s.

PAGE

Conference op Bee-keepers re Legislation — 109

Association News —

Glamorganshire B.K.A 114

Derbyshire B.K.A 115

Honey Imports 115

Notices to Correspondents 117

PAGE

Correspondence —

Winter Pollen 116

Feeding Bees 116

Labelling Honey 116

Mr. Manley's Letter— September 25, 1919 .... 116

Experiments with Frames 117

Remedy for Ants HI

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYCOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 years.

This is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exactly as bees
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with wax,
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send for Gitalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Gitalogue post free.

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO., of U.S.A.
Sole Manufacturer and Licensee:

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

m

11

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAli.

March 4, 192G.

THE

British Bee Journae

' ' ESTABLIBBBD 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests ol Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAIT, F.I..S., be.
and J. HEBROD-HEJMPSAIiIi, FJE.S.

Correspondence : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and a/dvertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Sabserlptlons* - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance ; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Eemittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cxieques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Hatfptnny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

Cbe metal foundation.

(Protected.)
For the benefit of readers of the JOURNAL
and the Record we have arranged with the
manufacturers of the Metal Foundation to
accept all orders received through our offices
at a consideration in the shape of a 23 per
cent, deposit to begin with, and the balance
by mid-March, or prior to delivery, if earlier.
All orders are guaranteed by them to be
executed not later than April, 1920.
Prices :— (I) BRITISH STANDARD FRAME,
fully fitted with ** worker "
Metal Foundation : Single,
2s. 4d. ; per two dozens, 2s. 3d.
each frame ; per four dozens
and over, 2s. 2d. each frame.
(2) ST A N DA R D SHEET of
'* worker ** Metal Foundation :
Single, 28. ; per two dozens.
Is. lid. each sheet; per four
dozens. Is. lOd. each sheet.
Subject to a 5 per cent, discount to meml>ers of
th« Apis Caub.
Packing & Carrtqge Extra.
%• Since the Metal Foundation will be pro-
(Buced only to order, no order will be subject
to cancelling.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yoa are advised to insist on this being osed wbeo
dealing with strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be oarefully read over by pemons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched uatil notice that
the money has been deposited ia received from
this office.

1. Method.— Wh«n strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
doposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2i
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed " London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Sees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will l>e remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.— These are at the seller'0
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
apijroval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carnage one way.

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The

'Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —

WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Gr^at Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary, ^,
W. HEXtROD-HEMPSAU;,' 83. Bedford
'Street, Strand, Xiondon, W.C.2.

March 4, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

i09

Conference of Bee-Keepers
re Legislation.

{Continued from page 101.)
Now, with, regard to matters of general
interest contained in the draft of the Bill,
I said I would refer to compensation,
which is mentioned in Clause 2, and I
want you to be quite clear with regard to
this question of compensation. I shall
deal later with the general application and
working of the Bill, but at this stage I
should like to make it qiiite clear that in
the event of the enforced destruction of
diseased bees and appliances no compen-
sation will, in jpractice, be paid, as the
materials, if ordered to be destroyed, will
be considered valueless. I think it is most
desirable that you here to-day should know
exactly what would be the policy on that
point, because otherwise serious misunder-
standing might arise. The important
point, remember^ is that the destruction
of stocks or appliances will not be ordered
except on inspection bv a bee expert, and
only when they are considered valueless.

Secondly, you will probably notice that
various minor amendments will have to be
made in the draft, and that the drafting
is not textually quite complete.

The third general detail I want to raise
is this : it would be possible to do this by
an Order of the Ministry after the Bill is
passed, and that is the registration of
bee-keepers throughout the country.
(Hear, hear.) I am very glad to hear the
sense of the meeting on that point. It
was a question which the Ministry thought
desirable to refer to this meeting here to-
day. It seems it would be a very good
plan for several reasons, and, except from
the point of view that it is an enforcement,
I can see nothing undesirable in it. It
tVQUld supply very valuable information
for educational work in the counties, both
with regard to Bee-keepers ' Associations
and also the statutory authority which is
responsible for educational work in bee-
keeping, viz., the County Agricultural
Education Committee or its sub-committee,
the Horticultural Committee. It would
assist very much the working of any Bill
or Order made by the Ministry. And
thirdly, what is more important than
either of the two I have mentioned, it
would provide statistical information indi-
cating the prosperity or otherwise of the
industry in this country. I mentioned at
the beginning of my remarks that it would
probably be desirable for a Standing Com-
mittee to be set up with reference to bee-

keeping, and I should like to make a sug-
gestion here that it might be possible to
arrange for a Bee Committee to be con-
stituted to form part of the Horticultural
Advisory Committee which is already
attached to the Ministry. This committee
is of an advisory character only; it has
not executive powers, but all important
questions relating to those sections of the
horticultural industry which are repre-
sented on the Committee are referred for
advice and discussion to the Committee
by the Ministry before they are dealt with.
The Committee is a means of obtaining
that co-operation between the Ministry on
the one hand and the horticultural indus-
try on the other, and of preventing mea-
sures being carried by the Ministry in the
face of the industry. I want to make this
aspect of the Committee quite clear. Dr.
Keeble also referred to it in his remarks.
If this Bee Committee is set up, the sta-
tistical information obtained from the
Registry of Bee-keepers would be ex-
tremely valuable, and the Committee
would always be able to feel the pulse of
the bee-keeping industry of the country.

Now with regard to the general ad-
ministration of the Bill. As I said, any
Order which was issued under the Bill
would only be issued after a consultation
with the Standing Committee. The Min-
istry regard the effectiveness of the Bill
to depend entirely on the co-operation be-
tween bee-keepers and the Ministry, not
only with regard to working the Bill, but
also with regard to the educational work,
which will do much to cause the removal
of the sources of disease. It seems to the
Ministry that probably more can be done
on the educational side than on the legis-
lative side. (Hear, hear.)

The two go together, however, and it is
most desirable — in fact, it is the crux of
the whole matter — that Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciations in each county, the responsible
authority for education in the county —
i.e., the Agricultural or the Horticultural
Committee — and the Ministry should work
together in unison and have a common
plan of action with regard to bee-keeping
matters on the educational side, and it
would then only be for the Ministry to
invoke the powers conferred on them
under this Bill or under any Orders made
under this Bill in any flagrant cases of
neglect. It would not be a question of
enforcing Orders in every case of disease
throughout the country. An Order under
the Bill would only be enforced when every
other means had failed.

Now, you will notice that there is
nothing in the Bill, and I have not said
anything so far, with regard to general
notification of disease, and it appears to
the Ministry impracticable and unneces-
sary, in view of the wide distribution of

110

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 4, 1920.

disease at the present time. Notification^ —
and I should like you to understand ex-
actly what notification would mean —
would mean, firstly, an enormous amount
of clerical work; secondly, it would mean
innumerable inspectors, especially if
action had to be taken in every case of
notification — in fact, it wiuld be practic-
ally impossible to carry out effectively the
measures which would be necessary after
notification. Consequently, the expendi-
ture resulting from notification which
would be incurred would probably mean
that Parliament would throw out the Bill
as one of doubtful national economy. It
would be much better to have a more rea-
sonable method of operating the Bill, and
to exclude general notification, somewhat
on these lines : First, by educational work
to show the necessity of removing the
sources of infection, carried out by Bee-
keepers' Associations, bee-keepers them-
selves, the county authorities, and the
Ministry, working in co-operatioii. Cases
of neglect to maintain hygienic conditions
in the apiary .would be dealt with by per-
suasion first, and the Orders of the Bill
would only be enforced when these per-
suasive powers failed. That is to say,
in the event of a centre of infection re-
maining in a district, and the owner will
not be persuaded to clear it away, then
the Ministry would expect to be informed
of this centre by either the county autho-
rity or the Bee-keepers' Associations, and
they would then take up the case and
deal with it. The enforcement of the Bill
and its Orders by the Ministry will be
carried through by a small staff of in-
spectors who will be trained in bee-
keeping, and this small staff will work
under the general direction of the tech-
nical bee staff at the Ministry.

It is not suggested to delegate the
powers of the Bill — at any rate, at first —
to local authorities. You will no doubt be
aware that in the case of the Destructive
Insects and Pests Acts the administration
of Orders under these Acts were at first
delegated by the Ministry to local authori-
ties, but it was found after some years'
enforcement that nearly every local autho-
rity administered the Orders in a different
way. It has recently been found desirable
for the Ministry to take back the powers
they delegated and to carry out the work
themselves, and, acting on experience ob-
tained in working these Acts, it is pro-
posed with regard to bee diseases that
the work should be carried out directly
from the Ministry, who would not dele-
gate their powers to local authorities.

I think I have covered all the points
which are contained in the Bill and in the
Orders which it would probably be found
necessary to issue under the Bill, but I
should like to again draw your attention

to the necessity for close co-operation, so
far as the eradication of bee diseases is
concerned, between all the parties con-
nected with the bee-keeping industry; and
also to this point, and it is a very im-
portant point, that any Order which the
Ministry might propose to issue would
only be issued after consultation with and
acquiescence of the representatives of the
bee-keeping industry, probably with a
Standing Bee Committee of the Horticul-
tural Advisory Committee.

The Chairman : I have now to invite
discussion, and it will, I think, conduce
to the harmony of the meeting if speakers
will come to the platform, and will
preface their remarks by announcing their
names, so that they can be reported. The
meeting is now ooen for discussion.

Mr. Walter F.' Eeid : Would it not be
as well, sir, to take the clauses one by
one? If we do not, I do not quite see
how we are to arrive at the sense of the
meeting on each point.

The Chairman : I am perfectly prepared.
I am entirely in the hands of the meeting,
but I purposely refrained at this stage
from doing that, because I thought the
meeting would probably prefer to discuss
and clear out of the way the questions of
principle — first of all, do you want legis-
lation or do you not; secondly, should
registration be included in legislation or
not — (cries of " Yes ") — and thirdly,
should the administration be conferred
on local authorities^ — if that were argued,
I should have something to say about it —
or should it be carried out by head-
quarters? I submit, if you take the prin-
ciple first, we can, in conclusion, go
through the details. But I know what it
is when once we start reading this legal
phraseology; half the audience will fail
quickly to understand what it really
means, whereas we have all got the prin-
ciples in our minds.

Mr. Eeid : May I suggest that Mr.
Cowan, the chairman "of the British Bee-
keepers' Association, who has had this
matter before him for a great number of
years, and knows perhaps the views of all
the bee-keepers better than anyone else
in this room, gives us his views?

The Chairman : I hope he will.

Mr. T. W. Cowan : I have only had this
paper put into my hands as I came into
the room, so I have not had an oppor-
tunity of thoroughly studying It, but I
think, taking it altogether, I am in favour
of the scheme, as it is proposed that the
Ministry should undertake the whole man-
agement of this thing. I should like to
suggest, as our Chairman has suggested,
that there should be a registry of bee-
keepers. I know how important it is. In
our County of Somerset we started last
year, and have now got a register of every

March 4, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

bee-keeper in the county. We did it
through the police, and we got a complete
register in that way. We were able to
get the number of stocks the bee-keepers
kept, and the number of stocks they had
lost, and we found, on the whole, that
about 90 per cent, of the bees had perished
in the county.

Now with regard to compensation; that
is a question, I think, to be discussed. I
myself am not in favour of compensation.
I' think bees that are diseased are not
worth anything, and the sooner they are
got rid of the better. It is for the benefit
of bee-keepers and for the neighbourhood,
I do not think any compensation should
be given. But if you are going to destroy
hives and appliances that can be disin-
fected, of course, in that case, I should
certainly say that you ought to have com-
pensation, but not otherwise.

I think, with regard to the way of work-
ing that it would be much better, as has
"been suggested, to work it through the
Ministry, and with the Agricultural Edu-
cation Committees of the different
counties. We are doing that in Somerset.
The Agricultural Education Committee is
in thorough sympathy with the Somerset
Bee-keepers' Association, and we have
formed, from the Horticultiiral Sub-Com-
mittee, an Advisory Bee Committee.

The County Agricultural Education
Committee have funds that Bee-keepers'
Associations have not, so in that way they
are able to help us considerably. As I
say. we have formed what we call an
Advisory Sub-Committee, which consists
of certain members of the Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association and certain members
of the Horticultural Committee. That,
so far, has been working very well indeed,
and through that channel we have been
able to re-stock a great many apiaries in
the county.

Why we want legislation is this. I can
give you an instance in our own county
of what has been done quite recently, this
last year. We supplied nuclei with queens
to several of those who had applied for
them, and we issued leaflets, larger leaflets
than these, with very full and detailed
instructions on how to manage bees and
how to disinfect hives, and what they were
to do. Notwithstanding that, one of our
experts went round and found one of the
nuclei was being put into a hive that had
not been disinfected, after giving them
these pamphlets. Now, what are you to
do with a person like that?
The Chairman : Disinfect him.
Mr. Cowan : Tlie Chairman says, dis-
infect him. We should like to do so, but
we have no compulsory power. We cannot
go and tell him, " You must disinfect,"
so ther© w© are in a difficulty, and in
that wfliy, of course, it will hf. some time

before we can really say we have got rid
of the disease in the county.

I do not think I need say much more
about it, except that I quite approve of
the step that has been taken. I think
all these clauses, after they have been
thoroughly considered, will be approved,
and I think we are very fortunate in
getting the Ministry to undertake the
matter at last. I have been agitating
this for years, so has the British Bee-
keepers' Association, and for years we
have been pointing out the danger ■ of
these ignorant bee-keepers, and asking
for powers to do something towards stop-
ping the spread of disease, and I con-
gratulate the Ministry on having taken
the matter up seriously. I am very glad
to see such a large meeting of bee-keepers
and other representatives here to-day.

An Hon. ,Delegate : May I ask if it is
your intention to take any resolutions on
the various points raised?

The Chairman : It is my intention to
take resolutions on the larger issues.

The Hon. Delegate : On the three prin-
ciples you have just referred to?

The Chairman : Yes. If I omit any
principle, and anybody else thinks it
worth while, I shall be prepared to accept
a proposal from him. We want to get a
perfectly clear, explicit view on the part
of those present.

The Hon. Delegate : The first question
would be, is legislation desirable?.

The Chairman : That is the large thing;
I think we might turn that out of the
way. (Cries of " Agreed.") Is there
anybody here who would like to speak
against the proposal that legislation
should be introduced?

Mr. John Silver (Croydon) : Mr. Chair-
man, ladies and gentlemen, it is seven
years ago now — that is, in February, 1913
— when the last attempt to legislate was
brought forward — that is to say, it was
brought forward in the autumn of 1912
and reappeared in 1913. Then, sir, there
was throughout the country, a ^very
determined and active opposition to the
principle of legislation. I was one of the
moving spirits in that active opposition,
which went on until July of 1913, when
Mr. Asquith, in the House of Commons,
after promising a Second Reading on a
certain day, when that day arrived said
that the whole thing would be dropped.
He and the Government were astonished
at the opposition to legislation through-
out the country.

Bev. H. Morgan : We do not want
history.

Mr. Silver : Exactly; I will come to it.
I do not care what opposition you make.
I am prepared for any opposition; I em
used to heckling.

112

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

March 4, 1920.

The Ohairmian : I must appeal for a
quiet hearing for Mr. Silver.

Mr. Silver : That day Mr. Asquith said
he was surprised at the opposition. The
Ministry, the Government, then, in 1913,
were given to understand that there was
no opposition to the principle of legisla-
tion in the country, so ygu see the Gov-
ernment were deceived. They found they
had been deceived, and they dropped the
whole thing. That is seven years ago.

Now, the Bill that was brought forward
then is child's play to the measure that
we have in our hands here to-day — child's
play. Here, in these proposals, the bee-
keepers of the country are asked to open
their mouths and shut their eyes and take
whatever the Ministry would like to order
them to do. (Cries of " No, no.")

The Chairman : In the interest of accu-
racy I must intervene to say the Bill
which is being introduced to-day is the
same Bill which was introduced before,
exactly.

Mr. Silver : I say no, sir. I have a copy
of the Bill at home; I have thoroughly
studied it. There are one or two persons
present here who worked with me in that
campaign six years ago, and they agree
with me that this is far worse than it was
then.

Let us come to one or two points. First
of all the argument is that the diseases of
bees in this country have so overwhelmed
the industry that legislation is called for
in order to preserve it. Now, which is
the disease that has done this? What is
known as " Isle of Wight" disease. After
ten years of investigation by the Govern-
ment, by their experts — after ten years,
mind you — they are unable at the present
moment, your Chairman has told you,
either to define what ' ' Isle of Wight ' '
disease really is or to give us a remedy,
to give us a cure, and tell us how to deal
with it. (Hear, hear.) And yet, after
ten years of investigation, with all the
resources of a Government, with all the
powers of calling in the scientists of the
world, they are unable to tell you what
it is, and yet we are asked here, as prac-
tical bee-keepers, who have, many of us,
overcome this difficulty ourselves without
the aid of science — overcome it by prac-
tical common-sense and observation. What
is that? That is science, is it not? It
is a science of overcoming a difficulty.
And now we are asked to give powers to
a Ministry to compel us to deal with a
disease that they do not understand them-
selves, and they cannot tell us what to do.

Now, sir, what I say is this, that the
time has not yet arrived for a measure of
bee legislation to be imposed upon the
bee-keepers of this country that will meet
with general acceptance. That is my
first suggestion. For this reason, that

the investigations of scientists have not
reached that point to declare with any
definite certainty what " Isle of Wight "
disease is.

Now let me give you an instance; I will
confine it to this one thing. Take an
instance that occurred at Walton Heath,
in Surrey. At Walton Heath, in Surrey,
in 1918, there was a hive with what is
known as " Isle of Wight " disease.
Several experts from the Surrey Associa-
tion were called in to see this hive. They
sent up samples of these bees to The
•British Bee Journal; they declared it to
be " Isle of Wight " disease. These two
ladies came down to visit me — an eleven
or twelve miles journey on a bicycle. I
went and saw those bees that were certi-
fied by the Surrey experts, by The
British Bee Journal, as suffering from
'* Isle of Wight " disease. Directly I got
there I laughed at it. I am not afraid
of " Isle of Wight " disease; I have cured
heaps of it. What is the matter with
these bees is that it is a race of bees that
is deteriorating; that is to say, the race
is worn out, they are subject to disease.
All you want is a better type of queen and
a better type of bee put in there. We
did so, and the following spring (last
year), it was the best hive in the whole of
Walton Heath. I can refer you to the
two ladies — Lady Hawkins, of Walton
Heath, and Miss Reid, at The Oaks,
Walton Heath. You can refer to these
two for corroboration of what I say.

Now I say this, that " Isle of Wight "
disease, as defined by The British Bee
Journal and as defined by the bee-keepers
of this country, is largely due to two
causes — one a race of bees that ought to
be exterminated — that is to say, they were
worn out, the race had deteriorated — ^the
other, want of air.

Rev. H. Morgan : Mr. Chairman, I must
appeal to you. I have come from next
door to New York, and I want to get
home. I think I am voicing the opinion
of a large majority of the gentlemen pre-
sent when I say that this speaker is not
speaking to the point.

The Chairman : I have already arranged
with the present speaker to conclude his
remarks.

Rev. H. Morgan : Thank you very much.

Mr. Silver : I will confine my remarks
to one point, and the one point is this —
that with regard to the most destructive
disease that has been destructive in this
country, that has dejDleted the apiaries of
this country, the scientists and the Gov-
ernment are not in a position to declare
definitely what that disease is, and I say
that the bee-keepers of this country are
not justified in giving power to a Ministry
who do not know this and, cannot tell us.
(Hear, hear.)

March 4, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

113

An Hon. Delegate : May I ask one ques-
tion before we go on? Perhaps it will
clear the air a little? Can bacteriological
knowledge at present say definitely what
is the bacillus or bacteria which causes
" Isle of Wight " disease?

The Chairman : I ought to say, in
answer to Mr. Silver, although it is diffi-
cult to distinguish- — I am informed by ex-
perts, extremely difficult to distinguish —
by the , naked eye examination, it is a
matter of certainty, as in other bacterial
diseases, to distinguish the . presence of
Nosema apis, and the research people have
gpt that technique worked out quite satis-
factorily.

Mr. P. E. Wagstaff : May I ask a ques-
tion arising out of that, sir? Is the judg-
ment of the expert bee-keeper, who knows
(how to handle bees, to be relied on in
giving a definite answer as to whether
bees have or have not " Isle of "Wight "
disease? Of course, in the later stage,
anyone can tell.

The Chairman : I think the answer is,
there would be no decision — obviously,
there can be no decision in the case of
" Isle of "Wight " disease at present — on
a naked-eye examination ; but my previous
answer meets your point, namely, that
it is quite easy, just as one does in the
case of influenza or other similar diseases.
to diagnose the disease microscopically,
and that would have to be done in any
case where prosecution was intended.

Mr. P. E. Wagstaff : Have these people,
the naked-eye experts, any value what-
ever?

The Chairman : I should say they had
very great value, to know whether the
thing is clean or unclean. Obviously, one
of the chief causes of disease is insanitary
conditions, and an experienced bee-keeper
ought to be able to tell — like Mr.
Herrod-Hempsall can tell — whether they
are getting the right amount of air, and
so forth.

Mr. P. E. Wagstaff : I have the report
of an Association which proposes to issue
a certificate when bees are unhealthy and
are sold. Is such a thing as that to be of
any value whatever?

The Chairman : I should be very doubt-
ful about accepting the certificate of any
private societv as being of value.

Mr. E. C. "Middleton : May I take it,
Mr. Chairman, as a definite statement by
you that bees with "Isle of "VN^'ight"
disease niust have Nosema a'pis?

The Chairman : No ; I did not make tliat
remark.

Mr. E. C. Middleton : Is that a definite
statement of yours?

The Chairman : No.

Mr. E. C. Middleton : Very well, then;;
the stetement that you make is that the
bacteriolosist knows all about it, ^. '

The Chairman : I do not want to go into
the whole question of bacteriology. I
thought I was talking to people who had
informed themselves of the latest work
and knew more about it than I do, which
I am certain is the case. You are aware
of the fact that all the experts are dis-
agreed with respect to detail. The pre-
sent experts, those who are now working
at the disease, are all agreed in this, that
where Nosema apis is present there is a
diseased state. Whether that microbe
produces all the symptoms of " Isle of
Wight " disease is a matter which, I be-
lieve, is engaging your attention.

Mr. E. C. Middleton : Quite so; it is not
understood.

The Chairman : But I really do not
think, ladies and gentlemen, it would
serve any useful purpose if you were -to
ask me, who have only a general know-
ledge of the subject, though a trained
investigator, but having no specific know-
ledge of this problem, a lot of technical
questions which I am certain you can
answer much better than I can.

Mr. C. B. Bartlett : May I suggest that
we have an account of legislation in other
countries?

Rev. H. Morgan : I think the question
before the meeting is as to whether legis-
lation is desirable or not. I think we
should confine our attention at the present
time to one or two points. Is bee disease
in the country? Not what Tom, Dick and
Harry think about .this, that and the
other in connection with it, but is there
disease? And is this disease, which is in
the country, decimating the bees of the
country, doing harm to the bees of the
country? Now, let us decide once and
for all, brother bee-keepers, as to whether
there is disease in the country, and, if
there is, whether we are going to have
legislation to stamp it out or not.
(Cheers.)

Mr. Eeid : I do not know what pro-
cedure you wish to adopt — whether it will
be necessary to move a resolution, have it
seconded and put to the meeting — but I
I^resume some stage in these proceedings
will come when the opinion of the meeting
will be taken.

The Chairman : Not every men^ber would
wish to speak on the subject. As soon as
there is a lull in the flow of speakers I
will ask for a resolution. I think, how-
ever, it would conduce to the more rapid
conduct of business if somebody would
move a resolution, and then speakers Avho
wished to oppose it or support it could do
so. But I shall have now -to ask that all
speakers shall, in the first instance, and
on a specific topic, confine their remarks
to not more than three minutes; other-
wise, I am afraid the meeting will go on
indefinitely. ..Wpul4 anyone, to.Jielp. thfr

114

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 4, 1920.

meeting on, propose that legislation is
desirable ?

Mr. Keid : If I may be allowed, I will
not take up more than one minute, and
my resolution would be — " That this
meeting approves of the principle that
legislation for the prevention of disease is
desirable and should be asked for."

Mr. Hayes : I beg very heartily to
second that proposition.

Mr. E. C. Middleton : To me, you are
putting the cart before the horse. Before
you know whether legislation is desirable
it is just as well to know what the nature
of the legislation is to be. What on earth
is the good of saying we want something
when we know not what it is? There is
no doubt there is a great deal of disease,
but it is certain, as that gentleman said
on the platform, the disease is not under-
stood. Is there anyone here present who
who would go to a doctor to have a pre-
scription made up if he did not under-
stand their disease ? Not for a moment.
You want to go to a man who understands
the case. The case is not understood, and
you ought to commence that investigation
instead of legislation. Settle what it is,
and when you have settled what it is give
us legislation as strong as ever you like.

The Chairman : I do not wish to take
any part in an argument ; I am here in an
impartial capacity; but I have some
historical knowledge of diseases other
than bee diseases, and the statement that
legislation is to wait for an understand-
ing of the nature of the disease is in-
accurate. I say that on my own know-
ledge.

Mr. E. C. Middleton : I cannot under-
stand that you should express the opinion
that we should have legislation to deal
with a matter that the Government does
not understand.

The Chairman: It is not a question of
understanding the disease; it is a question
of understanding the cause, which is a very
different thing. You may know that you
are ill, you may not know the cause of
your illness; you may know you are
infectious; you may not know the source
of the infection.

Mr. E. C. Middleton : The source of the
" Isle of Wight " disease is not known,
and that was why I asked you the pointed
question whether you were quite satisfied
that with the presence of Nosema apis you
had " Isle of Wight " disease, and to that
the reply was " No."

An Hon. Delegate : I beg to move the
resolution be put.

Another Hon. Delegate : Crime is not
understood very often, but it is punished.

The Chairman : Gentlemen, I am most
anxious that all views should be heard.
There is only one truth, whether it please

or displease. We are all anxious to get
at the truth of this matter, though we
may not be able to come to an agreement.
If any other speaker who cannot defer his
remarks until we come to some other sub-
ject desires now to address the meeting,
will he do so? Mr. Bartlett, I believe, has
the first call. Would your remarks come
equally well later?

Mr. Bartlett : I think not. It would be
of great interest to us to know what has
happened to other bountries in regard to
legislation.

(To he continued.)

Glamorganshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The annual meeting was held at Bridg-
end on February 14, 1920. Mr. W. H. C.
Llewellyn, J.P., Court Coleman, presided
over a good attendance, which included
Kev. Gower Jones (Treforest), Messrs. H.
Skelding, D. Davies, B.A., and Mrs.
Davies (Bargoed), Mr. and Mrs. Gunter,
Wm. Morgan, D. W. Walters, B.Sc, d,nd
C. B. Pardo (Barry), Ivor Williams, C.
Spiller, E. Thomas (Cowbridge), W. H.
Yeo (Court Coleman), J. Whitehead, F.
Gravil, Wm. Morgan, Hy. Butt, Mrs.
Watkins, and Mrs. Squire.

The Secretary read letters apologising
for absence from Messrs. W. Dyche, B.A.
(Cardiff), E. James (Penarth), and E.
Boobier (Swansea).

A vote of sympathy and condolence with
the widow and family of Mr. E. Church
(Cardiff), who was a most successful bee-
keeper and exhibitor, was passed.

The Chairman, in proposing the adop-
tion of the annual report and statement of
accounts, referred to the advantages of
having so strong an Association in exist-
ence in the county. He considered that it
was of the utmost importance that bee-
keeping should be carried out on scientific
methods, as also the replacing of stocks
carried on under the re-stocking scheme,
thereby improving the stamina of the
bees and providing members with stocks
after the ravages of the " Isle of Wight "
disease. He was particularly grateful for
the assistance rendered by the visits of
the local expert to his apiary ; also he con-
gratulated those members who had suc-
ceeded in obtaining certificates of the
B.B.K.A. Mr. F. Gravil seconded the
adoption of the report, and said he hoped
the visit of the Royal Horticultural Society
to Cardiff on July 6, 7 and 8, 1920^ would
be a great success. The E.H.S. had kindly
granted them a tent and a site for lectures,
etc., and arrangements would be made for
a good schedule of prizes and opportunities
afforded for examinations of candidates
for B.B.K.A, certificates. The Right Hon.
the Earl of Plymouth was re-elected Pre-
sident, and Mr. C. B. Pafdo a Vice-Presi-

March 4, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

115

dent. The Secretary (Mr. W. I. Wilt-
shire), Treasurer (Mr. F. Gravil), and
Auditor (Mr. John Jenkins) were itr-
elected. A new Committee was elected as
follows : — Messrs. D. W. Walters, B.Sc,
D. Davies, B.A., W. Dyche, B.A., E.
Thomas, Fred Thomas (Briton Ferry),
H. Skelding, Bed. Gower Jones, C. Spiller,
D. Hardcastle, W. H. Yeo, A. Roberts,
and E. Gibbon (Clydach).

Mr. F. Gravil and Mr. C. Spiller were
elected representatives to B.B.K.A. Mr.
O. Spiller was elected to represent the
Association on the Glamorgan Chamber of
Agriculture.

Mr. C. B. Pardo raised the question of
payment of the expenses of representa-
tives attending meetings, and the follow-
ing resolution was passed : — " That this
meeting authorises the Executive Com-
mittee to pay the claims of representatives
for their expenses when they deem it de-
sirable."

Mr. F. Gravil proposed and the Secre-
tary seconded that Rule VII. be altered
for the annual meeting to be held any day
in February; but on the proposition of
Mr, W. T. Gunter and seconded by Mr.
Wm. Morgan it was resolved that the
annual meeting should be held in April.

Mr. C. Spiller explained the position in
reference' to bee legislation, and the terms
of the Bill that was proposed for intro-
duction to Parliament. A proposition in
favour of bee legislation on these lines was
passed unanimously.

Mr. Walters, B.Sc, announced that at
the Welsh National Eisteddfod to be held
at Barry, 1920, a prize of ^5 was offered
for the best essay on " How to Combat
' Isle of Wight ' Disease. "

A vote of thanks to the Chairman, pro-
posed by Mr. R. Thomas, brought the
meeting to a close, after which many
members remained to tea generously pro-
vided by the Chairman.

Derbyshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The annual meeting of this Association
was held in the Guildhall, Derby, on
Saturday, February 14, al; 2.30 p.m., a
good number of members being present.
In the absence of the Cliairman (Mr. R.
Giles, Etwall), Mr. G. T. Pallett (Make-
ney) presided.

A statement of accounts was submitted,
which showed a debit balance of
£5 13s. 7d., which, in view of the work
done under the restocking scheme, was
considered highly satisfactory.

An interesting report of the year's
working was read by the Secretary, which
showed that much valuable work had been
done by the distribution of a large
number of nucleus stocks among members,
raised from Dutch bees imported under

the Government Re-stocking scheme. Mr.
H. Hill (Ockbrook — to whom had been
entrusted the Dutch stocks purchased by
the Association) gave an interesting
account of his experiences, which showed
him to be eminently the man to deal with
the problem of Bee-Rearing. Largely
through his success in this direction,
material increase in membership had to
be recorded. Mr. Hill stated his willing-
ness to continue the re-stocking scheme
for 1920. A hearty vote of thanks was
accorded to Mr. Hill lor his valued
assistance to the Association.

Messrs. Bannister and Durose (experts)
gave an account of the work done in visit-
ing the members' apiaries. The Chair-
man expressed the thanks of the meeting
for the work undertaken by these gentle-
men.

The Rev. R. H. N. Ellison and Dr. St.
John made several valuable suggestions
for the improvement of the Association
and education of its members in the art
of Bee-keeping, which was heartily appre-
ciated by the members.

An interesting discussion followed on
" Bee Diseases and their Cure." A draft
Parliamentary Bill was read by the
Chairman, which provided protection
and assistance to bee-keepers anxious for
the welfare of their valued stocks.

The Duke of Devonshire, K.G., was
elected Patron, and A. Preston Jones,
Esq., Mickleover House, was unanimously
elected President for the forthcoming
year. The following appointments were
also made: — Committee: Chairman, Mr,
R. Giles (Etwall) ; Vice-chairman, Mr.
G. T. Pallett (Makeney), Rev. R. H. N.
Ellison, Messrs. G. JBannister, J. R.
Bond, W. Davidson. S. T. Durose, A.
Eaton, H. Hill, J. Hinton, J. Kirkland,
C. Meakin, S. Milton, E. J. Swain, J.
Speed, Dr. St. John, J. Turton, H. J.
Morris, G. H. Strutt, Esq., J.P. (Make-
ney), representing Derbyshire County
Council). Hon. Treasurer: Mr. E. J.
Swain, Mickleover. Hon Auditor: Mr.
S. Milton, Derby. Experts: Messrs. Ban-
nister, Durose and Pearman. Hon. Sec-
retary: Mr. r. Meakin, Derby. Repre-
sentative to B.B.K.A. Council: Mr.
Pearman.

The meeting closed, all present feelina
that bee-keeping had at last taken a new
lease of life in Derbyshire.— S. Milton,
Derby.

Honey Imports.

The registered value of honey im-
ported into the United Kingdom during
the month of January, 1920, was
£38,099. — From a return furnished by the
Statistical OflBce, H.M. Cust6ms.

116

THE BRITISH BEE JOUENAL. March 4, 1920.

Winter Pollen.

[10137] I have often wondered, like a
good many others, where bees get pollen
from in dead of winter. To-day, January
19, I picked up some catkins which had
fallen- from a deodara (an Indian fir
tree). . I enclose specimen, and should be

flad to know if you, or any bee-keeper,
ave noticed bees gathering pollen from
these catkins.

[We have not seen bees working these
catkins, but no doubt they would do
so. — Eds.]

Be Mr. Sladen's article, page 4 of
January 1, 1920, I use the W.B.C. type
of hive, the stand of which I board on the
underside, and well paint. This leaves a
2-in. space between these boards and the
floorboard, but the underside of frame of
floorboard must be perfectly level, to make
a dead air space, which gives the same
protection to the bottom as any other
part of hive.

Be remedy -for Ants. — I have been
troubled with this pest, and I find a small
lump of cyanide of potassium placed in
their nest does the trick, or use in liquid
form, if not too close to the hive. —
T. F. J.

[This would be effective in killing the
ants, but, as we have frequently pointed
out, cyanide of potash is a deadly poison,
nearly as deadly as prussic acid, and it
should be used with great caution. We
do not think it would be advisable, or safe,
to use it for ants' nests. — Eds.]

Feeding Bees.

[10138] Just a line to thank you for
your excellent tip in " Seasonable Hints,"
some little way back, about feeding bees
this mild weather. I have been feeding
since the middle of December on candy,
and it is delightful to see, through the
glas^ of the candy-box, how lively my bees
are. I have just put some more with pea
tneal, nice and soft, for the young bees
hatching. I hear a great deal of bees
dving near here, and am visiting two
stocks on Sunday. They are either starved
or the hooked wire has not been used to
clear the entrance, and they are
smothered, I fancy.

I use a very little smoke, only at cer-
tain times— always a carbolic cloth, not too
strong-, just enough to make the bees hum,
«,nd I am certain this is what keeps them
Bealthy. As a disinfectant I am not very
much in love with a smoker; I hate to
think I am choking them. I use a wired

honey board with feed hole, and covered
with porous quilts, with a cork quilt,
raised slightly, on top of all. Putting
one's hand under, a nice, warm, dry feel-
ing, which is very pleasing, has seemed to
agree well with my two stocks. — Cyril

TREDCROrT.

Labelling Honey.

[10139] I have enclosed a honey la,bel
of mine, designed for the protection of
myself and customer. To my mind, the
reason for some persons being against
honey is because, some time or other, they
have had some very questionable stuff,
which oft-times, upon investigation,
proved to be some imported variety.

If w^e could get all imported honey so
labelled it would give a good stimulus to

PURE

NORFOLK HONEY

From the Apiaries of A. TROWSE,
Norwich.

I hereby guarantee this golden
honey is produced solely from the
nectar of flowers hy golden bees.
Extracted and rendered by modern
methods untouched by hand, free
from any adulteration whatever.
Therefore this honey is genuine
and pure. When honey granulates,
to make liquid, heat slowly.

" Eat thou honey, Nature's purest
confection, because it's good ! "

our home product. Few, if any, aml)ng
the craft would object to this form of
protection.

Personally, I have a strong objection
to any article of food bearing no label' as
to origin, or known source of supply,
especially in these days of substitutes.
Trusting you will push this matter re
labelling honey right now, and thanking
you for the same. — A Trowse, Norwich-
Mr. Manley's Letter— September
25, 1919.

[10140] I certainly take very strong
objection to Mr. Manley's assumption in
above oommuni cation that I " think ^ be-
cause the Englishman is a fool, that there
is little commercial ibee-keeping here "
[in England]. I consider that remark
tantamount to accusing me of insulting
my fellow countrymen,, for I must inform
Mr. Manley that I am ari Englishman,
born in. London. My frequent communi-
cations ,tp your Journal, q.f©\Y years, ago,
as you were made awar© at the tim^,

March 4, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

117

and was plainly shown in my letters, were
solely to assist in bringing about a
better state of things in bee-keeping in
Britain, chiefly through legislation, giv-
ing as example the result of legislation
controlling bee-keeping in New Zealand.
All Mr. Manley's remarks about the dif-
ference in climate between England and
New Zealand are beside the mark. I
never tinted that the industry of com-
mercial bee-keeping in England would be
carried out on so extensive a scale as
in this country; but what I have said,
and still maintain, is, that you are not
getting as much out of bee-keeping as
you would were the like energy and push
exercised by British bee-keepers in taking
action to bring about improvements as
has been and is still the case with New
Zealand beekeepers.

Mr. Manley's condemnatory remarks
on British bee-keeping in same letter are,
so far as they go, a repetition of mine
on different occasions. Untravelled Eng-
lishmen are, as a rule, too conservative to
readily adopt new ideas, hence many
purely British industries in the past
■have been lost to foreign nations.
The same applies to bee-keeping, so, Mr.
Manley, don't blame the climate alto-
gether for any shortcomings until you
have done your best to improve the exist-
ing conditions. — I g.m, etc., J. Hopkins,
Auckland, N.Z.

Experiments with Frames.

[10141] Referring to No. 10136, " Ex-
perimenting with Frames," surely Mr.
Flashman would not be satisfied with a
test that only embraced two stocks. Let
him take at least ten stocks of each size
and test for three years, and then his
results will be worth consideration. A
test of two stocks for one season would be
quite insufficient. — R. B. Manley.

, Remedy for Ants.

[10142] At one time I was troubled
very much with ants. I found a perfect
' remedy by screwing 3-in. galvanised
screws into the legs of hive and letting the
heads stand in small tins of creosote
(crude). Of course, there must be no long
grass round the hive. The vacuum lids
of fruit bottles, etc., answer well, or small
pattv pans— they used to be cheap then. —
T. F. Newman.

" A Dorset Yarn," " Jottings from
Huntingdonshire," and a number of
other articles and letters that are in type
are held over, as we wish to get the whole
of the somewhat lengthy report of the Con-
ference on Legislation published as quickly
ft$ possible. — Eds.

Prick of Stjgar for Bee Food.

We are still receiving queries on this matter. We
understand that retailers have instructions from
the Sugar Commission to charge manufacturers'
prices to bee-keepers. These prices are upwards
of Is. Sugar for household purposes is sub-
sidised bv the Government, and sold under cost
price. Efforts are being made to get sugar for
bee food at the same price as for household pur-
poses, and our readers may trust us to let them
know at once if they are successful.
Suspected Disease.

Miss Heron (Hants), E. A. Reynolds (Sussex),
Mrs. Chambers (Walton), P. B. H. Desmond.
(Hants), " Walton " (Surrey), W. Elober (Ports-
mouth), S. </. Cavell (Torks).— The bees were
affected with " I.O.W." disease.

D. W. J. (S. Walee) and J. H. B. (Norwich).— (1)
" I.O.W." disease. (2) Native.

E. J. F. (Glos.).— The trouble is " I.O.W." disease.
If the food in comb is used for bee food, it
should be extracted and boiled for 10 to 15
minutes, first adding a little water to it. It
will be safe to give syrup now in your part of
the country. After cutting out the combs, the
frames may be boiled, but the safest thing is
to burn frames and combs and get new ones.
The hive can be disinfected. The best plan is
to scorch it out with a painter's lamp, failing
that apply a strong solution of some disinfectant
by means of a brush.

T. WiLHELMiNA (Boumemouth).— The colony had

been robbed out.
C. Ingle (Cardiff).— We are unable to say cause

of death.
R. Smith (Aberdeen), A. Law (W. Melton), J.

Brawn (Horeham).— We do not find disease.
In reference to our note last week. Dr. Helen

Goodrich asks us to say that any bees sent for

examination should be live ones, as dead bees

are useless for microscopical examination.
The notices given above were crowded out last

week.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at IJd. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per \in., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

FINEST English Honey, £8 percwt.; sample 3d.
— DUTTON, Terling, Witham, Essex. c.3

FOR SALE, two fine, healthy Stocks of Hybrid
Bees. 10 frames each, £4 10s. ; box extra.—
TOOVEY, Grove Road, Hazlemere, Bucks. c,4

Kfk LANTERN SLIDES ON BEES, new, only
OU shown twice, also Lecturer's Lantern, £7.—
W. THOMPSON, Lieut., E.F.A., 280, Well Hall.
Eoad, Eltham, Kent, S.E.9. C.5

118

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 4, 1920.

PLANT "Willow Herb" for your bees; useful
and ornamental; 12 roots, 2s.— BO WEN, Pitt-
ville Street, Cheltenham. r.c.6

WELL-FILLED iSections of delicious Honey,
5s. 6d. eaoih, J dozen £1, post free.— WHITE,
Pa<rk Villas, Maryborough. c.7

FOR SALE, strong 10-frame Stock Italian
Hybrids, 19W Queen, from apiary never known
disease, £5 5s., carriage paid; delivery first week
in May.— HOWLETT, 158, Seaforth Avenue. New
Maiden. c.8

PURE LigM Cambridge Honey, 14-Ib. tins.
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. tins, 42s., carriage paid;
sample 4d.; tins free.— J. YOUNGER, 6. Maid's
Caueeway, Cambridge. r.c.9

BARGAIN.— Eight Perfection Bottle Feeders,
good as Dew, 2s. each.— HERRING, Black-
thorn, Bicester. c.lO

FOR SALE, two Stocks of Bees on 10 frames
each, in hives; good strain of hybrids; no
disease ; owner has to move, only reason for sell-
ing; price £5 each.— WILLIAMS, Winstode,
Kenley, Surrey, c.ll

TWO Hives of Bees, strong and healthy. What
offers ?-^MRS. CRAGGS, Brough, East Torks.

c.12

EXPERT reqTiired for King's Lynn and District
Bee-keepers' Association. — Applications to
GEO. A. KNOWLES, Hon. Sec, Tennyson
Avenue, King's Lynn. c.l3

FOR 'SALE, large quantity of Appliances, includ-
ing 6-frame reversible Geared Extractor in
good condition, nearly new Dadant New Wax Ptress,
Honey Ripeners, Nucleus Hives, Travelling Boxes,
both swarms and frames, large number of Section
Racks, including single walled, Lee's pattern,
Burgess double walled, and W.B.C. hanging
frames. Shallow Trame Boxes, etc., quantity new
Frames, Sections, Metal Ends. Honey Jars, Glass
for glazing. Smokers, etc. — May be viewed by
appointment, or particulars from " S.," Avenue
House, Finchley Lane, Hendon. Stamp for reply.
^ c.14

SELL Cowan Extractor, geared, and reversible
cages; price £4 10s; approval; deposit.- Box
68. B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2. c.l5

FOR SALE, two strong Stocks Hybrid Italians,
one Stock British Blacks, all on ten frames,
no disease. £5 each.— WOOD, Manor House,
Neston, Cheshire. r.b.77

FOR SALE, two Stocks Bees on 10 frames in
W.B.C. Hives (1918 and 1919), two empty
Hives, complete, also quantity Appliances,
frames, sections, etc.; reason for selling, over-
stocked; full hive. £7; empty hive, fitted, £3 3s.
Can be seen by appointment.— MRS. ENTHONT,
Buckland, Betchworth. b.Sl.a

BEE PLANTS for early forage, Limnanthes,
strong, autumn sown, 100 2s. 4d., free. — WM.
COLLINS, Castlebellingham, Ireland. b.80

CAN spare a few Dutch Stocks of Bees on six

standard frames, 19"i9 Queen. 60s., carriage

paid; Anril delivery.- W. CHANNELL, Grove

Apiary, Histon, Cambs. b.83

BEESWAX for Sale, good quality yellow, 10
cwts., in 1 or 2 cwt. bags, at £9 16s. per cwt.,
f.o.r. London.— Aoply, Box 67, B.B.J. Office, 23.
Bedford Street, W.C.2. r.b.86

Irwrkfl SECTIONS, grooved and split top,
»"Vr\/ 10 lbs. foundation squares, 968., car-
riage paid.— HULL, Bee-keeper, Barrow-on-Soar,
Leicester. b.90

WANTED. In March, strong Stock pure Italian
Bees, 1W9 Queen: must be guaranteed free
from disease.-WORTHlNGTON, World'* End.
Solihull, Warwickshire. r.b.W

WANTED, healthy Stock of Bees, 6 or 8 frames,
April delivery.— WATERHOUSE, Rossett
Green, Harrogate. r.b.85

HONEY.— 25 dozen finest clover, clean, well-filled
Sections, SOs. per dozen, carriage forward;
expert packing free.— GIBSON, Apiaries, Bally-
gowan, Belfast. . r.b.59

n HEALTHY Italian Stocks, headed by Penna
Queens, £5 Ss. each.— J. YOUNGER, 6,

Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.b.45

ITALIAN BEES on 6 frames, headed by Penna's
1920 Queen, delivery June, £4 10s., carriage
paid.— ENNEVER, Oak Avenue, Ridgeway,
Enfield. r.b.70

CORRESPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING, Golden Square. Hen-
field, Sussex. r.a.54

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HBMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERROD-HBMPSALL, &a above.

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lis., post
free; one Wood Miilne Motor Foot Pump, 468..
carriage free.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

BUSIITESS ADVEKTISEMEITTS.

14d. per word.

STOCKS, native and hybrid Bees, £4 each;
Swarms, £2; Nuclei, £1 18s.; Hybrid, £2 2s.;
pure Italian, £3; Queens, 10s. 6d. each, carriage
paid.— S. CRAWFORD, Apiaries. Castlederg, Co.
Tyrone. r.c.17

COMING !— The " Smith-Burgess " Skyscraper
Hive, standard size and 16 in. x 10 in. frames;
the " Smith-Burgess " combined Super Clearer and
Uniting Board; also Glass Quilts, Wooden Quilte,
the Floorboard Feeder, Wire and Zinc Excluders
on frames. No prices yet, but coming— and well
worth waiting for.— SMITH, Cambridge. c.18

SIX packages Flavine, S. Powders, circulars,
testimonials, etc., 6d., post paid; Japanned
Sprayers, 5s., post paid; Wire Clearer Boards,
6s. 6d., post paid; "Week-end Bee-keeping,"
Chapter II., " When the Cuckoo Calls," now
ready.-^S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cam-
bridge. C.19

3 -FRAME NUCLEI, 503.; Simmins' strain; par-
ticulars upon request.— ERIC WATERHOUSE.
Watford Field House, Watford, Herts. c.20

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS AND NUCLEL--Can
accept few more orders. This strain as second
to none, hardy, good disease resisters, very pro-
lific, splendid honey gaitherers, comb builders, little
given to swarming, quiet to handle. June 3-frame
Nuclei, £2 15s.; 4-frame, £3 Ss.; well covered with
bees and brood; 1920 pure fertile Italian Queens,
June-July 9s. 6d., August-September 7s. 6d.;
Virgins, 4s. 6d.; few hybrid natural Swarms, £2 5s.;
safe delivery; carriage paid; cash with order;
satisfaction guaranteed. — BARTLETT, Bee
Specialist, Crowthorne, Berks. c.21

[The above advertiser and adveaitisement are not
in any way connected with Mr. C. B. Bartlett,
Witney, Oxon.]

FLAVINE CANDY.— 6 lbs. for 10s., post paid.
We managed to obtain some free sugar— at a
price — and we have turned it into candy.— S. H.
SMITH. 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. c.22

STRONG ITALIAN STOCKS on 7 frames with
1920 Penna Queens, ready June, £5; travelling
box 10s. extra, returnable; strong S-frame Nuclei
with 1920 Queens,* £3; boxes 7s. 6d. extra, return-
able. Cash with order, or quarter amount deposit.
Italian Queens, home mated, 12s.; Virgins, ,6s. 6d.;
booked ; ready May onwards. Pupils taken.— MISS
PALING, Golden Square, Henficld, Sussex. c.23

March 4, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

119

NEW-ENGLAND-BRED ITALIAN QUEENS.-
Unteisted laying Queens, ready June 1, IXte.,
aeiivery guaranteed; 6s. at purciiaser's risk. Eng-
iisn money accepted by registered mail.— aLLEa'
LaTIiaM, XorwicMown, ■Coun., U.S.

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3-frame, Penna's 1920
Queenti (guaranteed), 63s.; Hybrids, Jr'enua's
and simmins' Special, early delivery, 50s., car-
riage paid; box returnable. Orders (cash) strict
rotation.— MOOKE, 61, Monmouth Koaa, Dor-
chester, r.c.l

STOCKS and Nuclei, headed by 1920 Queens,
guaranteed pure mated naiians, good
gatherers, prolific, and gentle; ten irames, £5; six,
£i lOs.; three, £2 10s.; June ouwaras; cases iOs.,
returnable.— H. NEVILLE, Mount Jb'ieasant, 'E'ield-
gate, Walsall. r.c.2

DUTCH AND DUTCH-ITALIANS.-Eour-frame
Nuclei, May and June delivery, orders taken
lu rotation, £3 3s.; cash with order; carriage paid.
They are the Daily Mail strain I have had seven
years, and Bee-Mason's four years. Never liad
disease; beautifully clean and healthy. You want
good disease resisters, prolific, and heavy honey
producers. Heee Yov Have Them.— SEALE,
Ashley Cottage, Oatlands Drive, Walton-on-
Thames, Surrey. b.92

DON'T BUY BEES until you have seen our
prices and guarantee, lou risk nothing, as
we return money in full if bees fail to give satis-
faction. Special terms to disabled men. Catalogue
3d., which is refunded on first order.— PEARSON &
GALE. Marlborough. b.94

ITALIAN 4-frame Nuclei, 509.; box 10s., return-
able. All orders strict rotation. May-June
delivery. £1 deposit, balance prior to delivery.—
LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess Hill.
Sussex. b.64

FOR SALE, Stocks, £5; Swarms, £2; Queens,
7s. 6d.; Nuclei, £3. Orders booked now.— THE
HEATHERLANDS BEE EARM, Thursley,
Godalming. b.65

THREE-FRAME NUCLEI, £2 26.; Queens.
IOb. 6d. Hardy, prolific hybrids, disease
resistant strain. I have not had any "' I.O.W."
in my hives at any time.— O. W. H. OVENS, 151.
Fishponds Road, Eastville, Bristol. rb.68

FOB SALE, Nuclei. 1919 Queens, three frames,
47s. 6d.; four. 52s. 6d., May; Hybrids, young
Queens, ready June; returnable cases 7s. 6d.
JouENAL deposit.— A. H. HAMSHAR, Wonersh,
near Guildford. b.41

WATERPROOF RUBBER SHEETS for cover-
ing outhouses, etc., 72in. by 36in.. brass
eyelets. 12 for 203.— SAGARS STORES, Ardwick.
Manchester. b.l6

HAVE YOU READ " THB BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
s useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price list
for 1O20 on application.- Address. E. PENNA,
Ttologna. Italy. w.39

DUTCH BEES, Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthes), Nuclei, Queens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.—Buy direct from Sole Agent, WHYTE, Bee
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire. b.61

COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON.

Send for

AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.

HORTICULTURAL SUB-COMMITTEE.

Bee-Keepers^
Wake Up!

You can make a
Big Profit if you
use right up-to-
dato Appliances,
including the
Manley Hive.
MEADOWS,
SvsTON, Leicestee.

Wanted, TRAVELLING STAFF TEACHER OF
BEE-KEEPING, to take up duties shortly. Con-
ditions of appointment and Application Form sent
on receipt of stamped, addressed foolscap enve-
lope, to be returned by March 15, to D. T.
COWAN, Director of Education, The Castle,
Winchester.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Postage

A Modern Bee Tarm 7, 6 ... 6d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett) 5/- ... 4a.
BBB-KSBFXMG SIMFIiIFIED
FOR THE COTTAGER A2HJ>
SMAIiIiKOIiDER (W. Heeeod-

Hempsall. F.E.S.) :. 1/- ... lid.

BEE-XEEFERS' FRACTICAli

ITOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... l^d.
BRITISH BEE - KEEFERS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)
Dissectible Model of Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTILISATION OP PRTJIT
BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) -/3 ... Ad.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... la.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) -/2 ... Ifl.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock) 5/- ... Od.

Management of Out Apiaries 3/- ... cfl.
Follination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Gomunercial Fruit

Growing -/6 ... td.

PRODUCING, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Heeeod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.
Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-
lett) 10/6 ... 6d.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 24d.
Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... l^d.

MISCELLANEOUS.
Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.
The Lore of the Honey Bee

(Ticknee Edwaedeb) 2/- ... 2d.

The Humble Bee (F. W. L.

Sladen) 12/6 ... 6d.

THE BEE WORLD (supplied
only to members of Associations
interested in the control and
development of the Apis Cltjb,
apart from ordinary members of
the latter), per copy -/8 ... Id.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

23. Bedford Steekt. strand. Lonlon. WX).!.

FINEST SECTIONS OF HONEY.

A large quantity for Sale at carriage paid pricei,
either Plain or Glazed
IRISH RUN HONEY.
Several cwts. for Sale in quantities to suit cus-
tomers, at carriage paid prices in free tins and
cases.
GORDON ROWE,
Honey and Beeswax Packer,
38a. Moy Itoad. Cardiff.

Queens that will fight ** Isle of
Wight" Disease.

Send 3d. for

'The secret or immnnity'

and Price List.
T. F. COBB, 33, Bevan Road, Plumstead.

120

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

March 4, 1920.

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Cbe metal
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(Protected.)

C The triumph of the IHetal fOUnda=
tion is due to the following significant
advantages : — (I) Indefinite durability
with reasonable care ; (2) Greater safety
of bees in transit on new combs; (3)
Capability of bearing the weight of
a heavy swarm in hot weather ; (4)
Greater comb stability in quick extract-
ing ; (5) Control of drone cells ; (6) The
production of even combs ; (7) Easy re-
moval of queen cells without the
slightest injury to the foundation ; {6)
Cleanliness and adaptability to sterili-
sation by boiling ; (9) Economy of
labour and time in fitting and detach-
ing; (10) An ideal compromise between
the metal comb and die weuc founda-
tion.

C. The invention has created a world-
wide interest. Its value will be the
more appreciated by studying the fol-
lowing original literature: — "The British Bee Journal," November 13; "Bee Craft."
December; and "The Bee World," September, October, and November, 1919.

RETAIL PRICES.

C The n^lital foundation (" worker " type) can now be produced in any size required,
whether for the brood chamber or the super, e.g., for the British Standard Frame
(14 in. X SYz in.), Deep Standard (14 in. x 12 in.), Simmins' (16 in. x 10 in.), Lang-
stroth (17% in. x 9Ys in.), etc., and for their corresponding super frames. Despite
the heavy cost of machinery, metal, etc., it is offered at a price well within the put'
chasing power of the average bee-k,eeper. All orders, whether large or small, receive
prompt attention, and are executed in strict rotation, and in good time jor the season.
We have further dec',t«*»d — for the benefit of bee-keepers who are not yet in a position
to place their orders — on taking the risk of a liberal margin of production to meet
unavoidably delayed orders. If y&u have not yet made up your mind as to your
requirement, you are still in time to do so.

De Uxbridge m.B,€. I)ive.

C This popular hive, which we originally introduced over twenty years ago, is admir-
able for its water-proof features, since it eliminates the plinth. It stands supreme
amongst all W.B.C. patterns. You will never regret trying it with your metal
foundation.

,^*^ We allow a Five per cent, discount on all our goods (including the Metal Founda-
tion) to members oj the Apis Club, who are respectfully requested to forward their
membership cards u)hen placing orders.

A FINAL REMINDER! To avoid disappointment apply now for the Metal Founda-
tion Price List, and for our 1920 Catalogue.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd.

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UXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

(Telegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181,)

M^rcH 4. 1920. THE BltlTISH BEE JOURNAL. ill

i€

QUEENLAND "

SUPPUES THE WORLD'S BEST QUEENS.

That's the Pubhc Verdict. Do you doubt it ? Then please refer to the spon-
taneous opinions of many clients, as given in the Revised 1920 " Queenland "
List (Sjd.) containing 20 pages of instructive reading which' will start any un-
fortunate or hesitating beekeeper on the high road to success.

" W.S." BEES WONT DIE OUT IN WINTER.

That's the General Verdict. You have only to glance through the Queenland
20-page List to find the proofs of this statement. Just give them ordinary care,
with sufficient food to tide over the winter, and nothing can check their
marvellously rapid progress.

DON'T KNOW HOW TO DWINDLE IN SPRING.

That's because of their inherent VIM, as proved by the very frequent reports

that established stocks of these bees are in swarming condition in APRIL. They

■i have for more than 25 years been selected and bred for that very desirable trait —

t; Longevity ; hence the reason why the population of the hive is so rapidly piled

up to massive proportions.

READY FOR SUPERS IN APRIL.

That is — before other bees have barely started to build up, as confirmed in
many instances ; showing that " spring dwindling " is not in their line, under
just reasonable treatment.

tHEY STORE HONEY WHILE OTHER BEES ARE IDLE.

That's because of their longer tongues and greater strength of wing, enabling
them to visit flowers other kinds never reach. Established stocks of W.S. bees
don't wait for the owner — they just push him along.

THE " WHITE STARS" ARE MOST PROLIFIC AND WONDERFUL HONEY
GATHERERS.

This is a rare combination, but is verified by many reports. Some queens have
exceeded 350 lbs. in one season. In one case a nucleus increased to seven lots,
five of which were sold while the remaining two gave 365 lbs., and the total
sales amounted to over £40 in actual cash the second year. Another nucleus
in Wales covered 40 frames of brood by August of the same year, and before the
'T>ext season opened had made eight stocks. Then there is the case of a County
Council delegate who reported that throughout his tour in EVERY CASE where
an owner had done better than the average the results were attributed solely
to the use of Simmins' Queens !

MANY CLIENTS SAY " W.S." BEES ARE IMMUNE FROM DISEASE.

That's because they have been bred by the most intense selection of both DRONE
and Queen mothers for many generations, but S.S. gives no guarantee that they
are absolutely immune, although it is known they have saved numerous apiaries,
and collected tons of Honey that would otherwise have been wholly lost. In
many cases " W.S." queen's have been given to hopelessly weak and diseased
remnants of colonies, and have forthwith raised them to become the strongest
stocks in the apiary ; in one case storing (the same season) 100 lbs. after thus
building up a small diseased lot. Some cases reported of diseased remnants
having been renovated by the introduction of W.S. queens have been so remark-
able that S.S. himself has been astounded at the almost mysterious results.

THE •* W.S." ARE NOT IMPORTED ITALIANS.

That is a great point to remember ; we have no use for the soft imported Italians,
and could not use the best queen selected from a thousand imported without
t causing a serious deterioration in our pedigree stock. The " W.S.'* have gone

miles beyond anything that can be imported.

20 Page Revised List^ S^d., of S. SIMMINS^ Queenland, Heathfield, Sussex.

ly

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

March 4, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

*"* Everything for an Apiary.'*
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

insure: your stocks

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "YadU" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-percent, solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

6i

RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

2/6 per Bottle.

Posf Free.

The cure for, and preventive oft

*' Isle of Wight Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES. LTD.,

39, Farringdon Road. London, E.C 1.

Bee-Keepins Simplified

FOR THE COTTAGER AND SMALLHOLDER,

By W. HEBROD-HEMPSALL, F.E.S., Author of "Producing, Preparing, 6xhibiling & Judging Bee VroduU.

Price 1/- net. Post free 1/1^

This little book supplies the need for a cheap up-to-date and well-illustrated handbook

on bee-keeping, and gives in Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall's well-known, clear, lucid style all

that is necessary to enable anyone to commence bee-keeping successfully. From

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL OFFICE. 23. Bedford St.. Strand. W.C.2.

~ S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17 x 14X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

XHB APIARY, BROML^E^Y, KENT.

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances ^hich

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

Commercial (16' x W) frames and brood boxes stocked.
Feinted bv thi Avcndi Press (L. Upoott Gill & Son, Ltd). 65-57, Dbdbv Lank, London, W.C, anb

PDBUSHEO rOK the PBOPKIETOK (W. HeEBX>D-EkmPSALL), IY SiHPEIN, M»»«HiU., HiUILTOJI.

KiMX & Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, Patbenostek Bow. £.C.

a\

-U_'i:. ilic-t:: L

BB1TI8H Bn JouENAi. 4ND Bn-EnPEBS' Adtisib. March 11, 1930.

APR 20 1920

tuiral

>• ^M- Edited Dy
^ TW-C o W6.n. FL^. |
and* J-Herrod-
HempsallFES-

^^J^^^I^

^^

JBce-JTxccpcrs
Adviser.

cCV^ckly Journal Devoted to
the Interests oj

Bce-Kcepers.

No. 1968. Vol. XLVIII

MARCH 11. 1920.

IPubliihtd tverv Thurtday. Piioa 8d.

C014 n? JB JN n? s.

PAGE

Conference op Bee-keepebs

An Apologx

A Dorset Taen

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

121
126
126
127

PAGE

Assoctation News—

British B.K.A 128

Herefordshix© B.K.A 129

Notices to CoRjagsPONDENTS , 130

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYCOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 years.

This is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exacdy as bees
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with wax,
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send (or Catalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Catalogue post free.

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO., of U.S.A.
Sole Manufacturer and Licensee:

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

11

THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAt. March' 11, 1920.

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m metal
foundation

(Protected.)

C The triumph of the metal f OUnda=
tiOn is due to the following significant
advantages : — (1) Indefinite durability
with reasonable care ; (2) Greater safety
of bees in transit on new combs; (3)
Capability of bearing the weight of
a heaA^ swarm in hot weather; (4)
Greater comb stability in quick extract-
ing ; (5) Control of drone cells ; (6) The
production of even combs; (7) Easy re-
moval of queen cells without the
slightest injury to the foundation; (8)
Cleanliness and adaptability to sterili-
sation by boiling ; (9) Economy of
labour and time in fitting and detach-
ing; (]0) An ideal compromise between
the metal comb and the wax founda-
tion.

C^ The invention has created a world-
wide interest. Its value will be the
more appreciated by studying the fol-
lowing original literature: — "The British Bee Journal," November 13; "Bee Craft,"
December; and "The Bee World," September, October, and November, 1919.

RETAIL PRICES.

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C The inetal foundation (" worker " type) can now be produced in any size required,
whether for the brood chamber or the super, e.g., for the British Standard Frame
ti4 in. X 6Y2 in.). Deep StandEird (14 in. x 12 in.), Simmiiu* (16 in. x 10 in.), Lang-
stroth {UYq in. x 9}^ in.), etc., and for their corresponding super frames. Despite
the heavy cost of machinery, metal, etc., it is offered at a price well Within the put-
chasing power oj the average bee-keeper. All orders, whether large or small, receive
prompt attention, and are executed in strict rotation, and in good time jor the season.
We have further decidf^d — for the benefit of bee-keepers who are not yet in a position
t J place their orders — on taking the risk of a liberal margin of production to meet
unavoidably delayed orders. Ij you have not yet made up your mind aa to your
requirement, you are still in time to do so.

Cbe Uxbridge m.B.€. I)ive.

C This popular hive, which we originally introduced over twenty years ago, is admir-
able for its water-prooj features, since it eliminates the plinth. It stands supreme
amongst all W.B.C. patterns. You will never regret trying it with your metal
foundation.

«*# We allow a Five per cent, discount on all our goods (including the Metal Founda-
tion) to members oj the Apis Club, who are respectfully requested to jorward their
membership cards when placing orders.

A FINAL REMINDER I To avoid disappointment apply now for the Metal Founda-
tion Price List, and for our 1920 Catalogue.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd.

OXBRIDGE, MIDDLESEX.

(Telegrams: Graphic iy, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

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March 11, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

121

Conference of Bee-Keepers
re Legislation.

(Continued from page 114.)
The Rev. H. Morgan : I crave your
indulgence, Mr. Chairman, ladies and
gentlemen, just for a few minutes with
regard to this matter we are discussing
this afternoon, as to whether we are going
to have legislation. Not as to whether
the Government understands the disease
or not, we none of us understand it, but
we know the effects of it. We have got
the disease, and we have to stop it in the
best way we possibly can, naturally. As
the Chairman has so kindly and ably put
it this afternoon, the investigators will
find some means of curing it. We are not
here to cure it this afternoon. What we
are here for this afternoon is to legislate
to help the matter, and it is the only way,
I think, that we can prevent it spreading
even more than it is at the present time.
I will give you some of the instances
that I have come across, and I will tell
you why I am a great advocate of legisla-
tion. I have been a bee-keeper for five
years; I have acted as a county expert for
two counties, and at the present time I
am under another authority as well, but
that does not matter; it proves to you
that I know something, and have had
something to do with bees for the last
25 years. What we want to stop is the
spreading of disease. Some years ago
those of you who read your Bee Journal
and followed the advertisement columns
saw in these columns an advertisement for
300 or 400 swarms of bees in the spring-
time. I know the history of some of these
swarms. The only interest that the man
who advertised had in these bees was the
profit he made out of them. I have had
to investigate the outbreak of disease in
various counties, and I can tell you this,
that in every case of outbreak, the out-
break was traceable to the bees that were
Sold by that individual. The first case I
ever came across was in Pembrokeshire,
and I asked the man, " Where did you
get these bees from? " He said, •• From
so and so " — ^the very same person again.
I do not blame the man so much as the
system. That system must not be allowed,
and I firmly believe this, and I can prove
it, that if we had had legislation, say, for
the last 10 years, we should never have
known in, South Wales what the " Isle

of Wight " disease was. You may laugh,
but I can tell you that every case is trace-
able to importation.

Facts are hard things to controvert. We
are wide awake down there as well as
yourselves, and we know what we are
about. We know where these bees came
from, and " Isle of Wight " disease was
never known there until the bees and the
" Isle of Wight " disease were imported. I
guarantee that wherever you investigate
that disease in West Wales you will find
it traceable to bees that have been
imported.

Well, now, we are here this afternoon,
and let us confine ourselves; do not let us
ramble all over the shop; let us come to
the point. We have got the disease among
our bees, we do know that; the Chairman
has told us we cannot cure it, what is the
next best thing we can do? I say legis-
late, to prevent it spreading, and to
remove the sources of infection. The
Chairman has put it very fairly and as
clearly as he possible could put it. They
do not wish to be hard; they took the bee-
keepers into their confidence; they will
not move without the bee-keepers as a
whole; what more do we want? I have
never known of anything so fair. They
are not going to play the top dog or any-
thing of that sort; they are not to move
without us. They want us to legislate or
combine — if you like to put it in that
way — to get some means of stopping the
spread of this disease.

Our friend, Mr. Cowan, said he did not
believe in compensation. Now there are
many stocks of bees, especially those of
foul brood, that are worth compensating.
Some of them are not worth anything at
all except for fire purposes. Leave that
alone, but let us come to the point. We
know we have the disease, let us make up
our minds what we are going to do. Let
us recognise whether we have the disease
or not, and then let us decide what we are
to do, legislate or not.

Mr. Pearman : A certain publication
about eight years ago contained an
advertisement oflEering a number of
swarms. I was one of the first to bring
disease into our county, Derbyshire, and
I did it by purchasing swarms. I also
hold a post card here coming from Lincoln-
shire, which speaks of the very same thing
with regard to the swarms they had sent
into Lincolnshire being affected with
disease. It is quite true that none of us
know really what this " Isle of Wight "
disease is, but we know it is there, and
we want the power to stop spreading it
broadcast into our counties. We want
more power given to our County Associa-
tion. We do not care so much about

VZ2

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. MarcH 11, 1920.

working through these Educational Com-
mittees.

The Chairman : If you would mind not
bothering about that now; there will be
an opportunity of talking about that later.
"We are on the main argument now.

An Hon. Delegate : How many British
Colonies have legislation, and how many
Foreign States?

The Chairman : The number "of countries
and Colonies is 14. There are 14 foreign
countries, including our Colonies that have
legislation.

Mr, J. B. Lamb : Mr. Chairman, ladies
and gentlemen, may I express the hope
that the time of this meeting will not be
taken up by arguments in favour of legis-
lation, because they are so numerous and
so convincing that I feel sure it is simply
waste of time to talk thus. I do hope
that everyone who objects to legislation
will have the opportunity of placing his
views before the meeting, because I trust
this is the last time that we shall have
these — shall I call them — flimsy objections
placed before bee-keepers.

I have heard' many objections during
the last 10 or 15 years, but the only
objection that seems to be popular is that
the Ministry of Agriculture is to send
about the country numbers of bee-keepers
or inspectors to go through apiaries during
the brief period of the honey flow, in order
to inspect the bees and stop the eflBciency
of the hive. That is the only objection I
have heard worth mentioning. I leave it
to you, ladies and gentlemen, to decide
whether that is a real fundamental
objection. I have heard many complaints
• against the Ministry of Agriculture in
recent years; I am hearing complaints
now, but I have never heard a complaint
that the Ministry has been prodigal in
expending money on the bee-keeping
industry. I venture to say, as we have
a representative of the Ministry here to-
day, that for every £1,000 spent on the
bee-keeping industry, there will be a good
return of interest to the country, fifty
times beyond the 5| per cent, now
returned on the latest gilt-edged security.
But what I hope, Mr. Chairman, is this,
that no-one will speak in favour of legisla-
tion. We all know it is necessary; but
those who deliberately think that there are
grave objections to legislation shall lay
their objections briefly before you this
afternoon.

Dr. Rennie : I should like just to ask a
iquestion which I hope will reconcile the
contending parties of the meeting. The
question is this : Will it not be the case
that associated with the Ministry in all the
important decisions which arise in con-
nection with the proposed legislation,

particularly with regard to the question
of whether disease is present or not in
particular cases, will be certain of the
investigators on the Advisory Committee?
The Chairman : The answer is, "Yes, un-
doubtedly." Of course, it is very difficult.
I do not think you would like the Chair-
man to get up and aaiswer himself some
of the objections that have been raised,
because it would mean his making another
speech after each speech, but it is evident
that the object of the Ministry in pro-
posing legislation is to assist the uee-
keeping industry. You can only assist
that industry if you know what the
industry wants. You can only know what
the industry wants if you associate with
the actual bee-keepers the investigators
and apply administratively the results of
investigation; and the answer, therefore,
to your question is undoubtedly there
would be associated in the body which
would determine whether an order was to
be introduced, there would be associated
with those bureaucratic people the
practical bee-keeper and the investigator.
That is what we do in every other depart-
ment.

Well, Gentlemen, I really think, in spite
of the very liberal-minded suggestion,
that we should ask all conscientious
objectors — (laughter) — ^to speak. We must
now take the vote on this subject; on the
question of the resolution, whether this
meeting is in favour of legisla^on, and I
will ask first of all for a general vote, and
then as you go away, since I attach the
greatest importance to this, I hope all
those who have voted will put down their
names and official designations. I think
we ought to analyse this objection, and
find out what it does amount to. We have
heard it said that it amounts to a very
considerable volume. The right of
minorities is a most respected one, and the
Ministry ought to ascertain and give con-
sideration not only to the feeling of what-
ever the majority is, but also that of the
minority. But, in doing that, it ought to
know who the minority is; what title they
have to speak authoritatively, because
they would increase our respect for their
voices very much. I therefore ask you to
vote, those in favour of the resolution.

Mr. Barrett (Sheffield): In the first
place, Mr, Chairman, ladies and gentle-
men, we listened very attentively to the
clerical gentleman there for six minutes —
(Several voices : three minutes)— Six
minutes, if you will pardon me.

The Chairman : Do not waste time on
that kind of thing.

Mr. Barrett : I must have the courtesy
of a hearing.

The Chairman • will secure that.

March 11, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

123

Mr. Barrett : He did not confine his re-
marks to the point. I must first protest
very strongly against the shortness of the
time which elapsed between the receipt of
the notice of this meeting and the date
of holding it. Captain Wellington has
explained to us about the delay in the
time of getting the notices out, but he
has not explained to us any reason

The Chairman : I must ask you to speak
on the question. The question is whether
legislation should be introduced or not.

Mr. Barrett : I protest, Sir.

The Chairman : You can speak on that
motion. Other complaints, if you have
any to make, we will be happy to hear
afterwards. We wish you now to speak
on whether legislation is desirable or not.

Mr. Barrett : Yes, quite.

An Hon. Delegate : Would it not be
better that he proposed an amendment
against?

Mr. Barrett : I will propose a resolu-
tion; certainly. I would draw attention
to the impossible position in which the
Ministry find themselves with regard to
legislation. On the one hand, they have
drafted this Bill for checking disease. On
the other hand, they are breeding,
fostering and spreading disease the whole
length and breadth of the country — (A
Voice : Explain) — countenancing the issue
of the Food Protection Leaflet, No. 48.

The Chairman : I must again ask you.
Sir, to speak on the subject, to give argu-
ments in favour or against legislation.
Any criticisms of the Ministry of Agri-
culture can be dealt with at your leisure
later.

Mr. Barrett : Very good, Sir, I will with-
draw.

Mr. Price (Staffordshire") : I am not here
to-day to put forward my own views. I
have had a little experience of bee-keep-
ing, and I can guarantee at the back of
me the bulk of the bee-keepers in the four
northern counties and also the bee-keepers
of Staffordshire. I have visited these
bee-keepers; I have heard their views,
and' thev have not been represented to-
day. Of all those bee-keepers that I
have visited there has not been
one person that has objected to
legislation. (Hear, hear.) My im-
•pression is that we may carry on
here for a long time and dwindle away
the time and not know where we are at
the finish. So, therefore, those are mv
views. I have told yoxi that I have found
the same views amongst the bee-keepers
that I have come in contact with for the
last 13 or 14 years, and I also have given
Tou the number of objectors I hare found
in those areas.

Mr. Broadhnrst (Wembley) : I do not

agree with legislation from a general point
of view, but how you are to deal with the
dirty bee-keeper without legislation and
registration I do not know. That is what
we would all like to find out to-day. The
man who keeps bees in the corner, there;
you know he has got the " Isle of Wight "
disease, or at any rate he has got No.tema
apis; you have no power over him what-
ever. How are you to deal with him unless
you have some power from the Govern-
ment, and then if he is not registered how
are you to have power over him? I agree
with legislation to include registration.
(Cheers.)

Mrs. Fielding (Shropshire) : As Shrop-
shire is considered rather a naughty
county we have sat outside waiting for the
Ministry to bring this legislation forward
for months, and I may say years; might I
ask the Chairman not to delay any longer?
As Shropshire is a very long way off I
shall have to go soon, so I would ask you
to bring forward the resolution now with-
out any more delay.

The Chairman : I am glad there is a
representative of Shropshire at this meet-
ing to-day because she will be able to go
back and report to her committee the
reasons why the Ministry did not bring in
legislation at an earlier stage. The
resolution is before the meeting; I now
propose to put it. It has been proposed
and seconded; the proposer will be good
enough to repeat the felicitous words that
he used so that we may have the exact
form.

Mr. Reid : There were very few words,
but I am not quite sure that I remember
each one of them. It was to the effect
that legislation is desirable for the pre-
vention of disease in bees. It was quite
general.

The Chairman : The resolution before
me is that legislation is desirable for the
prevention of disease in bees.

An Hon. Delegate : I think you had
better be in order and ask for an amend-
ment.

The Chairman : Does anyone propose an
amendment?

Mr. Lamb : I think, Mr. Chairman, we
ought to be very careful in the exact word-
ing of the resolution. I think it ought to
be a little more comprehensive. To
prevent disease in bees is ridiculous; what
we want is to prevent the spreadine of
disease, " That in tbe interests of apicul-
ture it is necessary that legislation should
be introduced to check bee diseases." It
is quite simple; legislation is necessary to
check bee diseases. We must be careful
because this resolution may get into the
Press to-morrow; we do not want people
about the country to read some ridiculous

124

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. MarcE 11, 1920.

resolution such as this passed by some
bee-keepers.

The Chairman : Does the mover accept
these words?

Mr. Reid : I do, Sir. My friend, Mr.
Lamb, is a past master in putting his and
other people's views into shape. I think
it is very desirable indeed that we should
have a wording that should be accurate in
every respect. May I ask him to leave
out the words " in the interests of apicul-
ture "? It is the interest of Great
Britain, the bee-keepers, and everybody
else.

Mr. Lamb : "With pleasure. " That it
is desirable to introduce legislation to
check bee diseases or to check the spread
of bee diseases."

The Chairman : The words that I have
written down are " That it is desirable in
the National interest to introduce legis-
lation to control the spread of diseases in
bees." That is the substantive resolution
which has been proposed and seconded,
and no amendment has yet been offered to
it.

Mr. Bartlett ; May I just be allowed to
say that neither my friends nor myself
are in any way opposed to the principle
of legislafcon. I think there is an im-
pression that we are, but that is not so.
We simply desire that legislation should
be very carefully introduced. People who
now openly say they are not aware of any
means of fighting disease should not be
given very wide powers of handling bees
throughout the country. It is much more
necessary that research work should go on
now. But the principle of legislation we
approve.

The Chairman : I put the resolution to
the meeting.

On a show of hands :

The Chairman : The motion is carried
with one dissentient. There is a certain
symbolism in the figures. The numbers
are 99 to 1. (Cheers.) Gentlemen, I
think, with your permission, I will ask
for an expression of opinion on the ques-
tion of registration next. That seems to
be a clear-cut issue. Is that agreed; is
there any dissentient?

An Hon. Delegate : It is desirable in the
framing of the Bill to make it quite clear
that legislation is wanted more for
educational purposes than for anything
else.

The Chairman : It is very dfficult to
put any explanaton in the form of th©
Bill.

The Hon. Delegate : I think every
person who keeps bees or has bees should
be registered. In my opinion that is the
only way in which you can get in touch
with them; insist on registration.

The Chairman : Then there is no dis-
agreement on that?

Mr. Silver : Might I make a suggestion
that, coupled with registration, every
person that keeps bees should make a
return of the number of hives and the
condition of those hives, indicating
whether he has disease, say, twice a year,
on the 1st to the 15th April, and the 1st
to the 15th October. If a return were
made by every bee-keeper twice a year the
authority would know exactly the position
of the bee-keeping industry throughout
the country, and the condition of those
bees.

The Chairman : A note will be taken of
your suggestion.

Mr. Frusher : I represent Lincolnshire,
and we favour registration.

Mr. Thomas : I suggest that no person
be allowed to keep bees without a
certificate.

Major Archer : May I move that this
meeting approves of the principle of regis-
tration?

Mr. Frusher : I will second that.

An Hon. Delegate : I will support that.

Mr. Alder : I want to put a clause in
the Bill to the effect that anyone who
knows of any bees on his property should
notify the same; there might be stray
swarms.

Mr. Price : I think that would not work
out in practice very well. I am quite
agreeable to registration.

The Chairman : I think, if I may say
sOj what Captain Wellington said about
notification is very true, and I think one
ought to save you from yourselves. After
all, notification would hecome a statutory
obligation. We have many such obliga-
tions already; I for one do not want any
more. I think registration would give you
what you want, because it would give you
means of ascertaining the general condi-
tion of the bees in the neighbourhood,

Mr. Riley (Leicester) : Will that amoupt
to compulsory registration?

The Chairman: If it goes into the 'Bill
it must be.

An Hon. Delegate : May we vote, Mr,
Chairman?

The Chairman : Gentlemen, I presutpe
it is scarcely necessary to put it to the
vote, but will you indicate?

On a show of hands :

The Chairman : That is carried without
the one dissentient. (Laughter.) Ladies
and gentlemen, Mr. Bartlett, who most
magnanimously refrained from addressing
us at the more crowded part of th^ after-
noon, would like to say a few words to
express his views on the subject of legis-
lation. It is not re-opening the question
at all, but I have agreed *)p. your behalf

March 11, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

125

that he should' make these remarks, and
he has promised to be very brief.

Mr. Ritchie : I want to ask a question
ftbout that registration business, which
has now been passed : Is that to be notified
to the County Councils the same as we do
about the sugar at the present moment?

The Chairman : Probably. I thnk in
that work what we would do would be
this. The Ministry would empower the
County Committee, which would be prob-
ably a joint Committee of bee-keepers and
a Horticultural Committee; that would
serve as the model. I cannot commit
myself, but I feel pretty certain that
would be done.

Mr. Bartlett : Mr. Chairman, ladies and
gentlemen, My friends who have been
associated with me in opposing legislation
in the past have always desired to say
that we did not oppose the principle of
legislation, but we are extremely anxious
that whatever measures are taken should
be taken with caution and deliberation,
because I think bee-keepers who read the
foreign journals and know what is happen-
ing in other parts of the world, where
legislation has already been given, are at
one with me in realising that in no such
country has legislation been able to pre-
vent the spread of disease. Legislation is
designed to stop the spread of disease,
but it has not yet succeeded in doing so,
and at this present moment the two chief
writers in the American journals, Mr.
Doolittle and Mr. Pellet, are writing
against legislation. That I think is re-
markable because they, like yourselves, are
not yet aware how to deal with disease.
The unhappy part of the thing is that we
may keep bees, and keep them carefully,
but yet not be able to check disease. I
have had long experience of bees, and if
I am unable to prevent disease, where are
you to get inspectors with the best will in
the world who can stop it? I suggest
that, as our knowledge of the checking
of disease is so felementary, if it is in
existence at all, it would be far better
for us to go very slowly with our active
measures; that we had better find out how
to do things first and then do them.

In the meantime there is one thing that
niight be done. If you will get bees that
are absolutely free from diseases, and then
introduce those to areas that are com-
pletely free froin any other bees, you will
meet with success, but as long as you im-
port bees, from any country, good or bad,
and pour them into areas where there are
already in existence bees with disease, you
will have trouble. It is quite impossible
to talk about re-stocking counties as long
as you leave any bees there at all, because
it is quite impossible to tell for some

months whether they are suffering from
disease or not. Bees that appear to be
quite sound may go under any time.

Speaking from a very large experience,
I can say it is almost, if not quite, a
hopeless job trying to bring sound bees,
immune bees, resistant bees, or anything
else into a district that is already infected.
You want to clear things out first, and,
if the first use the Ministry would put
their powers to would be to take some
small area and absolutely clear out all bee
life before they tried to restock it at all,
I think they would meet with such success
that they would have no trouble at all in
getting people to agree to having the whole
of the existent bees cleared out.

An Hon. Delegate : What about the
bumble-bee?

Mr. Bartlett : I do not think they are
of the same character, nor do I think they
are communicable to the hive bee. So
little is known I do not think you can
say anything is proved.

The Chairman : We have got over two
of our points. The third point we want
your opinion on is one which is not of
great importance, to which Captain
Wellington has referred, namely that, as
we proposed, the administration of legis-
lative measures shall remain in the hands
of the Ministry. Perhaps you would allow
me to give reasons why we were led to
make that recommendation.

It is fashionable now to delegate all
powers, and it is desirable that all powers
that can be delegated should be delegated.
But in my experience, whenever you are
dealing with a general propositon such as
disease, and I have had to administer
quite other sorts of disease, as, for
example. Wart Disease of Potatoes, when-
ever you are dealing with a matter of
disease, you cannot delegate your
functions at all, because when you have
delegated them into 60 departments,
corresponding to 60 odd counties, you have
not got rid of the problem. It is a case
of the whole being very much greater than
even the sum of its parts. You have to
keep an eye, in other words, on the rela-
tions of one part of the country with
another if you delegate to several counties
serving different parts of the country;
there is nobody to keep that eye ; you have
given away the powers which you might
want to exercise and, therefore, although
I have no use for bureaucracy
myself, I see no way in which
effective administration of legislation
of this kind can be carried out except
through a central bofiy. I am, frankly,
against devolution in that respect, but I
am entirely in favour of that central body
doing its administration work only in

1?6

THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL. March 11, 1920.

consultation with the expert as I have
already described, and in close relation
with the County Authorities which we have
set up for this purpose.

Those are my views, which may carry
some weight with some of you because they
are entirely, disinterested. It will not be
I to administer this Order if and when it
comes in, but I thnk it is a very great
point administratively which this meeting
should be aware of, and for that reason I
think it is wise to put in the Bill that the
Ministry should retain the administrative
power in the legislative enaictment.

An Hon, Delegate : I think we may take
it from that that you mean to say our
bees would not be handled only by
experts?

The Chairman : Quite.

The Hon. Delegate : If the powers are
delegated to a local authority they may
appoint anybody.

The Chairman : I do not think they ever
would, but they do sometimes. A police-
man had to determine what potatoes had
wart disease.

The Hon. Delegate : I have no objection
to an expert, provided he is a proper
expert, but I certainly object to any and
every individual who thinks ke knows
something about it coming and inspecting
them.

The Chairman : May I take it that that
is the general view of the meeting?

An Hon Delegate : May I ask this ques-
tion : Whether this process of leaving it
to the Ministry will not be a very slow
process, and evil will be done before it
reaches the Ministry, and they can take
action?

The Chairman : It is not so bad as you
might think. There is a certain delay in
information getting to the notice of a
Ministry, but the thing is rather more
organised now. There are representatives
of the Ministry in every division of the
country, so that it is not the case of having
to send right up to Whitehall; there is
always a local representative. I do not
think there will be more delay than
necessarily attaches to any work of
Government,

Another Hon. Delegate : I should like to
ask a question for the purpose of obtaining
information. It has been suggested that
notification is not practicable; I am not
meaning to suggest that it should be
done, but that the Ministry should tell
us what can be done and how far it is
practicable. How is the Ministry to get
the information to know when to act?
What could be the means taking place to
know when there is disease about, short of
notification?

{To he concluded next wecfe.)

An Apology.

In the British Bee Journal for Decem-
ber 4, 1919, we published an article trans-
lated from L'Apicoltore Moderno. Though
we gave that paper the credit of the
article, by an oversight we omitted to say
the translation was from the American Bee
Journal. We do not have time to be con-
stantly looking up articles in back num-
bers, and therefore did not notice the
omission until a few days ago we saw
the following paragraph in the A.B.J. : —

PliAGIARISM.

The British Bee Journal, in its De-
cember 4 number, copies verbatim our
translation of L'Apicoltore Moderno's
article on " Cryptograms " published in
our September number, page 305. This
translation cost us some effort. Since it
was easier to borrow it from us than to
translate it from the Italian, we believe
the British Bee Journal should have
given us credit for the translation.

We offer our apologies to the A.B.J.,
at the same time we cannot commend the
method of bringing the matter to our notice
adopted by our contemporary. Our own
procedure would have been to first send a
short note by post, drawing attention to
the omission. Had the A.B.J, done this
if would have secured the proper acknow-
ledgment, an apology, and thanks for the
letter. Failure on our part to so respond
to a courteous note would then have fully
justified a charge of " plagiarism."

We do not know what the custom is in
America, but here, if anyone accidentally
treads on our best Sunday corn we do
not retaliate with a punch in the face
Avithout giving the defaulter the oppor-
tunity to apologise. — J. H. H.

A Dorset Yarn.

Our bees are flying away after the
salix flowers — " pussy willow " it is
called in American books. Ours are quite
a distance from the farm after these
separate sexual flowers. In the same
woods are trees of alder; these have the
pistilliferous and polleniferous flowers on
the same treo. It is not quite clear to me
if bees get anything from the alders; they
are flying round them after visiting the
willow flowers. The flowers of willows are
quite sticky with nectar. The alder
flowers are mostly pollinated by wind ; the
pollen, when ready for distribution, drops
off the catkins into a small cup, so
arranged that it shall be kept dry from
the rain until the female flowers are
ready for pollination. They are not
always developed sufiBciently when the
male flowers are at their best.

I notice that bees open the TroUius, or

March 11, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

127

globe flower, as it is called. These flowers
never really open ; Nature has so arranged
the petals to entirely cover the sexual
parts that are in the same calyx^ so that
they should not be injured by wet, or
eaten out by big bumble bees. The bees
have to get in between the petals to get
at the pollen. They have to open the
crocus when the sun does not shine, but
these flowers are easy to enter compared
with the Trollius flowers. The same thing
happens with the Eranthis hiemalis, one
of the earliest to bloom in the New Year.
The petals entirely cover the seed organs
the shelter them from wet. The Ornitho-
galum, or Star of Bethlehem, which fol-
lows later, never opens only when the sun
shines, and it is safe for the seed organs
to be exposed. All close up at approach
of rain or night.

Those readers of The Bee-Keepers'
Journal who have magnolias in their
grounds will notice the same evolutions ;"
many bees will be round them, even
though the petals are all closed over the
seed organs, yet bees know that food is
there, and they will get in somehow.
Some flowers are pollinated both by wind
and insects. Take the common plantain.
Bees get a great deal of pollen from them
in the months of June and July, yet I
have seen both the common sorts produce
seed that have never had a bee near them.
The flowers of the tall one, lanceolata,
that is found in the hay fields, smells
very sweet, and has nectar as well as
pollen, yet it will produce seed without
the aid of bees. After the hay harvest
there are many of these seeds in the
wagons, and they lie quite thick round
the rick where the hay was pitched off
the loads on to the rick. In our fields
bees are to be found more on this plant
than the white clover. The red clover,
" Icarnatum," has always a lot of bees,
but it's blossoming time is so short — for
hay purposes it must be cut as soon as
it opens, or it -lose^ a deal of its feeding
value. Just now all the laurels have
their flower spikes growing perfectly up-
right on the tops of the branches, but
when the flowers open the racemes all be-
come inverted, they hang down like the
black and red currants — a wonderful pro-
vision of Nature that the flowers should
not hold water in the centres, and thus
spoil their chances of fertilisation.
Several kinds of bees visit these flowers
beside the honey bee. The same evolu-
tions can be seen with the bird-cherry
and others. Many of our wild plums are
in full blossom, 60 if weather keep warm
our bees will have plenty of flowers to
look over. The beautiful cydonias, with
their many shades of rose and red, are
delightful; the wild dafFs are in every
hedgerow. One sees the school children

with large bunches of them; all tell us
" spring has come."

Since writing this our Editor writes he
has so much matter to crowd into Journal
for that issue, this was not sent on.
At the R.H.S. great library I borrowed
a book called " The Flower and the Bee,"
published in America in 1919. It gives
alder as a source of pollen for Italian
bees in the Northern States, with a fine
drawing of both * staminate and fertile
flowers. — J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

FOB JUVENILE READERS.

" Well, little bee, are you ready for
another gossip?"

"Gossip, sir! Indeed not! Bees — at
least female bees — never gossip ; it's only
the lazy, fat male bees who do the gos-
siping."

" Sorry, but don't get cross. I'll put
it nicer : Are you ready for another inter-
esting chat? "

"Quite ready."

" Good; then may I pi;t you through a
personal examination? "

"I've no objection; but don't be too
personal, will you? "

"I'll try not. May I first of all ask
your name? What are you laughing
at? "

" Ah, I was thinking ' that's just like
a man'; if you'd been a woman you'd
asked me that first, before you began
talking of swarms and other things."

" Well, dear Miss Bee," I, a puny man,
confess that I'm an inferior mortal, but
don't be too hard on me — please tell me
your name? "

" Apis Mellifica."

" Where were you born? "

" You asked me that the other day ;
have you forgotten already? We never
forget anything we've been told."

" No? But then I'm a mere man, so
you must excuse my dulness. Tell me how
many bees were there in the hive you
came from? "

" 45,000."

" 45,000 ! Oh, Apis, what a number !
However do you all know what to do —
does your queen instruct you all? "

"No, sif, she does not; she has many
ministers to wait upon her, and to advise
the hive as to what each bee must <Io.
We take our orders from them, and wo
dare not disobey — in fact, we have no
wish to, we're always loyal to our leaders,
although we sometimes have to take sides
aga'mst our queen."

•"Now, that is news; and are these
ministers elected for life, and do you
have general elections, like we do? "

" They are elected daily during the

128

THE BRITISH BEE JDtJRNAL. MarcK 11, 1920.

honey flow ; not so frequently when the
hive is at a standstill."

" Daily, did you say? Fresh ones every
day, may I ask? "

" Yes, fresh ones every time we change
our government; no bee is allowed to re-
main in the same office two sessions in
succession. Our government is arranged
as follows: — Royal body guards, ministers,
sentinels, ventilators, scouts, waxmakers,
architects, varnishers, scavengers, nurses
and outside workers, such as honey
gatherers, pollen gatherers, and propo-
lisers."

"Really, how wonderful; but tell me
where your ministers and rulers place
themselves? "

" Oh, you dense man havn't you
noticed that yourself? What do you come

f»oking around our hives for if you don't
earn anything? Why we know quite a
lot about you."

" I daresay you do ; but, Apis, dear,
just remember when I come to visit you
it's two eyes watching 40,000 or more
insects, whereas, from your point of view,
it's thousands to one."

" Well, yes, you've scored there; you've
more sense than I thought you had, so
I'll tell you all about our ministers. So
many are on each comb, and always
some at the bottom, and now you humans
have given us such respectable dwellings
as movable comb hives we can govern
much easier, or at least our ministers can.
You will always see some at the bottom
of the comb ; they know who goes out and
who comes in, and if any sentinel allows
a robber to pass she gets punished, and
sometimes thrown out of the hive, and is
kept out until she has learnt better. Do
you remember how that the other day you
came and took our queen away? Well,
some of the ministers saw you, and they
signalled the news to the next comb, and
those on the next comb to another, and in
no time we all knew our queen was gone,
so we just went into a panic, our ministers
all resigned, and we all stopped working.
For a little time we didn't know what to
do, and we searched all over the hive to
see if we could find a worker bee whom
we could make queen. We didn't suc-
ceed, so decided we must raise a new
queen as quickly as possible, so we set to
work and built anothei: queen cell and
prepared royal jelly for feeding the grub
we selected should be our queen, when.
lo and behold, somebody came and said
there was a queen in a cage on the top
of one of the frames. We were so ex-
cited, we elected a new government to
greet her, and the ministers decided that
if she were ready to come and mother us
we would have her, but if she showed
fight or no inclination to lay eggs sh©
qiust be treated as a usurper a|^4 cd-

demned to death. When we let her down
she looked a bit dazed, but in a few
minutes began walking about in a friendly
way, so we let her stay, and when she
began laying we sung our bee doxology,
and went on working again as merry as
larks, and I'm out of breath."

" Small wonder, after all that; but I
still want to know what you did with the
young princess you were rearing? '.'

" Well, we hadn't been given orders to
stop, so we proceeded to make her cell
suitable shape and all that, and sealed
her over after she had spun her cocoon ;
but a few days after our ministers said
the new queen was even better than the
old one, so we won't have any rivals, and
they brought her majesty to the royal
cell ; she put her sting into the unborn
princess, g-nd that was the end of it."

" And what of the royal bodyguards?"
I asked; " are they always in attendance
on their queen? "

" They are always within call," she
replied, " but they do not bore her to
death by dancing needless attention upon
her ; like all royal beings, she hates being
' fussed,' and when she wishes she goes
out of the hive alone for a constitutional,
and although our ministers order some
of us not to lose sight of her, we keep
far enough away not to be a nuisance in
her incognito flight."

" But I've read in books that queens,
after mating, never leave their hives until
they go out with a swarm."

"Well, that's all wrong; they do."

" Right. I'll write that down."

"Do what?"

" Write it down. I am going to write
all this later on for the children's benefit :
we've been using rather big words for
children to understand, don't you know."

Oh, you horrid man. Why didn't you
tell. me. I'm a grown-up bee, not a babe.
I'm quite offended." She pouted, and,
what was more, refused to speak to me
again for a whole week, but she came
round at last, and told me a lot about
drones and other things, which can wait
until next week.^E. F. Hemming,
Steeple Gidding.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The annual meeting for passing the re-
port and balance-sheet, election of
officers, etc., will be held at the Central
Hall, Westminster, on April 1, 3.30 p.m.
A conversazione will be held aftef the
annual meeting, at which lectures, fpl-
Wed by discussion, will be given fey l^r.
C, C. tord and Mr. W. Herrod-Hemp-
sfaU. Further particulars will be given in
a latter is^ue.

March 11, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

129

Herefordshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The ninth annual meeting of the Here-
fordshire Bee-keepers' Association, held
at the Y.M.C.A., Hereford, was of un-
usual interest. Mr. C. T. Pulley, M.P.,
presided.

The report for the year 1919, as pre-
sented by the hon. secretary, indicated
that the " Isle of Wight " disease, so
much dreaded by apiarists, was passing
away. During the last two years 90 nuclei
had been sent out from the re-stocking
apiary; the vigour of the hybrids showing
that they are more resistant of disease
than the native black bee, now practically
extinct in Herefordshire. The member-
ship of the society now stands at 127, a
considerable increase in the last five years.
An honorarium of practically 11 guineas,
donated by shareholders, was presented to
Mr. Arnfield as some small recognition of
hie services in connection with the re-
stocking scheme of 1918. The County
Council again granted £35 towards the
funds of the Association.

Mr. Mynors, in presenting the accounts,
explained the £35 County Council grant
referred to in the secretary's report.
What the County Council had done was to
offer their customary £15, to which they
were prepared to add a special £20 con-
ditionally that the Association should fur-
nish them with certain nuclei. This the
Association thought was too much to ask
from them, and they declined. Later,
however, after negotiations had been re-
opened, the County Council conceded the
£20 unconditionally.

The reports were passed, and the elec-
tion of officers proceeded with.

The Rev. K. O'Neill proposed that Mr.
C. T. Pulley be re-elected president. Mr.
Pulley, he said, represented in Parliament
part of Herefordshire. He was quite
willing to represent the Association, not
only for the whole of Herefordshire, but
aleo in a portion of Kadnorshire, to which
their operations extended. Anything
which Mr. Pulley took up would be carried
through, and as they anticipated Parlia-
mentary legislation in connection with
apici^lture, they would find it valuable
again to have Mr. Pulley as their presi-
dent. (Applause.)

Mr. Pulley expressed thanks. He was
quite willing to act as president for
another year, as he felt that he might be
of some assistance in the House ef Qom-
mons'. Jn ordinary circumstances he
thought it quite wrong to retain the presi-
dentship of any society for a number of
years; they ought to get new bipod. He
therefore hoped that at the end of the

present year they would find themselves
another president. After a few years'
interval, he (Mr. Pulley) would perhaps
again take office. (Applause.)

T^ip vice-presidents (12), with the addi-
tion of two more names, were, on the
proposition of the Chairman, re-elected
en bloc. The hon. treasurer and hon.
secretary were also re-elected ; so, too, was
the committee, with the addition of Mr.
Norman Helme. Mrs. Clowes and Mrs.
Mynors were re-appointed delegates to the
British Bee-keepers' Association, and the
local secretaries in various parts of the
county were also re-elected.

Mr, Arnfield submitted a gratifying
report on the 1919 re-stocking scheme, the
season having commenced with 14 stocks.
Pleasing progress was made; some stocks
had done wonderfully well.

The Chairman read a very full reply
from the Ministry of Agriculture, which
had been sent by that Department in reply
to a resolution forwarded to them by the
Herefordshire Bee-keepers' Association,
urging the necessity for legislation dealing
with bee disease. The Ministry wrote
sympathetically, recognising the severe
loss suffered by British apiarists through
the " Isle of Wight " disease, stating that
at the present time causes were being in-
vestigated, and giving details of ameliora-
tive measures taken, notably by the intro-
duction of Dutch stock and Italian queen
bees.

Mr. Pulley then explained the action
which was being taken jointly by the
Ministry of Agriculture and the County
Council. The Government would give two-
thirds in addition to such amount as the
County Council would be prepared to
give. The Association thus hoped to get
an advance of £160. Of this, £106 13s. 4d.
would be granted by the Government ;
£53 6s. 8d. by the County Council. He
informed them how the Association would
apply its £160.

He had before him some figures prepared
by an enthusiast, and for that reason he
would not do more than submit them,
which would interest them. Mr. Alex-
ander in 1905 invested £1.000 in 700 stocks
of bees, in one apiary. The average pro-
duction in the three years was 60,000 lbs.
of honey, and that worked out, and all ex-
penses paid, meant that the honey was
produced at a cost of a halfpenny a pound.

The Rev. K. O'Neill referred to the
amount, now about £70, which Mr. Arn-
field had advanced for the Association in
connection with his re-stocking work and
the rearing of nuclei or colonies. It was
important that it should be disbursed. Of
course they had not taken into considera-
tion in their balance-sheet a profitable
asset in their stock. He alluded with
satisfaction to the sympathetic attitude of

130

THE BRITISH BEE JOTIRT^AT:. MarcK 11, 1920.

the Government and the value of the £160
grant. The importance of apicnlture
could not be over-estimated, especially in
such a county as Hereford, one of the
finest fruit-growing areas in England. As
for the production of honey, he thought,
when they were told that butter might yet
rise to 5s, or 6s. per lb., and when they
remembered that 1 lb. of honey was equal
in food value to 3 lbs. of butter, they
mip-ht well foster the bee industry.

The hive, which was drawn for, fell to
Mrs. Chambers, Hatfield Court. — (Com-
municated.)

Major SAvaL-ONLEV (Norfolk). — Clipped queen and
swarminq .—11 a colony having a qneen with
clipped wings swarms, one of several things mav
happen. Th© qneen may refuse to leave the hive at
all, and the bees will return. The queen mav
attempt to fly, but will fall to the ground. In
that case she m,ay be lost, or the bees mav cluster
with her on the ground, or on anything up
which she may be able to crawl.

" Anxious " (Stockport).— Candv made with icing
s!/(7a'"-— This will not be suitable, as other ingre-
dients are mixed with the sugar.

H. W. Daltry ('Crewe).— Price of beeswair.— This
varies in different localities. We have seen It
ticketed at 4d. per oz., but we should say about
3d. would be a fair price for an odd ounce, and
larger quantities cheaper in T)roportion to the
weio-ht, 2s. 6d. to 3s. per lb., if well cleaned.

E. Looms (Stratford). — Cleaning honey from
shallops fowbs.— Soak the combs in clean water
for about 24 hours, tben shake out the water.
A srentle syringing with a garden syringe would
make a better .iob of it.

F. Hadfift.d CMilnsbridge). — Working bees on
s^iares.- This is a matter for arrangement. If
one partner provides ^11 the stock and appliances,
and the other doe," all the work, probablv eoual
shares in the orofits would be a fair division.
Ton may divide the stock when the bees are
covering eisrht combs, but do not do it until
there is a certainty of drones flving to mate with
the young queen. We should say earlv May
would be quite early enough for your district.
Bees gather very little nectar from wild hyacinth.
If ithe observatorv hive has s\n abundance of
ventilation it mig'it stand in the window for :t
couple of days. The window and hive must be
shaded from the sun. Better allow the bees to
■fly everv evening.

D. CAPnTTTHKRS (Kine'.s Lynn). — Diaonosis for
" I.O.W." disease.— You can only .iudee by the
general symntoms, i.e., a large number of bees
crawling, soilintr of bive interior and aliarhtina-
Hoard, excrempnt thick, and often deposited
in ctrings. abdomen swollen ^"d winers out of
place. Pvsenterv and " I.O.W." disease are
'"'oselv related, the lat+^^r being sometimes called
" maiisrP'^nt dysentery."

" BuFR " CTTarrocate). — Mefnl foundafior. — You are
/■nnfonnding the foundation with the comb.
Thnrp fire no cells on the former except those
built bv fie b<>es. The cells of metal comb do
not filonp. bnt it dops not anp^par to be any the
woT^p foi- ♦hat. The me*al foundation is not
coated with wax, <ind is uS'Pd in the same
manner as wax foundation. We have mot yet
tried either ourselves.

L. AtTBT'N (■ Osborne). —Bee wine.— The "bees"
referred +o are not bee« at all. but a kind of
■<-eaM. We published a cutting from The
TTesfern Honey Bee on the nub.lect in the B.B.J.
of December 11 la^t. We cannot say where you
can get the material.

Honey Sample.
0. E. (Llandwrog).- It is from verv mixed sources
including lime, chestnut, fruit, clover, etc.,
quality fair. Dark colour is due to the sources
from which it is gathered; the strong smell we
cannot account for. It is nuite wholesome for
human consumntion or for bees if it came from
healthy bees. It will granulate in time, as it is
commencing now. No reason can be given for
some honeys not candying.

Suspected Disease.

E. Cfattehton (Brierhton), "Chesham" (Bucks).
C V. Prvsb Rice (S. Wales). .1. G. Adams
(Bristol).— The bees died from " T.O.W." disease.

R. Brown (Gavan).— Cause of death was " I.O.W."
dis'-ase. The candy was too hard through over-
boilinff.

A. E. Mackintosh (Lichfield) .—Starvation oansed
death of bees.

" Novice " (DoncasterV— Cause of death was
" I.O.W." 'liaea-se. Better destroy contemte of
hive, and disinfect it soon .as po.ssible. Give the
ground round it and the other hives a dressing
of ordinary builders' quicklime, and, if possible,
dis: it in, clean out and disinfect the other hives
soon as po.ssible, and see that bees have access
to plenty of clean water.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

PBZVATS ABVUBTISEltmirrS.

FOR SALE, finest Devonshire Flower Honey, in
bulk. What offers?— D. HUNTER, Lifton,
Devon. ^ c.24

PURE Light English Honey, £8 cwt. ; sample 3d.
—BUTTON. Castle Camps, Cambridge, r.c.25

FOUR fine, healthy Stocks on 8 frames, 1919
Queens; booked now for April delivery; fourth
season without disease: £4 each; box lOs., return-
able.—BROWN, " Beechwood." Wantage. c.26

FINE HONEY GATHERERS.— Being over-
stocked. I can supply by middle of May si\
healthy 8-frame Stocks at £4 each; £1 deposit
with order. Honey in bulk, 28-lb. tins, £2. —
VINCENT, 132. Croydon Road. Anerley. S.E. c.27

FOUR 20 lbs. splendid Light English Honey,
screw cap bottles. Is. 9d. per lb., carriage paid.
—A. WILLMOTT, Apiarist. Higham Ferrers, c.28

FOR SALE, two 12-frame Hives, new, three
10-frame Hives, new. and one old 12-frame
Hive, Taylor's new 6-frame Swarm Catcher, Honey
Press, 40 Standard Frames; lot £12, or best offer.
Overstocked.- T. GREEN, New Dale, Wellington,
Salop. c^

WANTED, Extractor, gear driven, in good con-
dition.—State make, frame capacity, etc., to
BASSETT. Earley Hill Road. Reading. c^

FOR SALE. Stock of Italian Hybrids, packed
down on 10 frames in new hive, complete, £5.
-RADCLIFFE. Frederick Street, Crosland Moor,
Huddersfield. c.31

SHALLOW COMBS for Sale, wide frames, per-
fect; also Excluders.- Apply, Box 69, B.B.J.
Office, 23. Bedford Street, W.C.2. c^

EIGHT frames Hybrids, 1919 Queen, 84s.: 5e.
returnable box: April delivery.— DR. SMITH.
Firbank, Burghill, Hereford. c^

PURE ENGLISiH HONEY, in 28-lb. tins, £2
each, or nearest offer.— S. PREECE, No. 9.

Cross Street, Kidderminster. c.35

ITALIAN BEES, 12 lots, headed by Penna'a
imported Queens: 4 frames, 63s.: 6 frames, 909.;
delivery June: carriage paid.— ENNEVER, Oak

A venue, Enfield^ c.36

BEES FOR SALE, strong and healthy, five bar
hives, and three straw skeps.— HIRD, Church
Terrace. Inverurie, Aberdeenshire. c.37

-| O GUARANTEED healthy Hybrid Italian
Iaj Stocks, Penna strain, £5 e^ch.— J. YOUNGER.
6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. c.38

March 11, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

131

FOR SALE, 2-frame Observatory Hive, good con-
dition. Vs. 6(1.— SE WARD, caering-vou, Aven-
ing^ c^

WANTED, by the Northumberland B.K.A.,
Expen, Apiil-August, 1920, to work iine re-
fiiocking ecneme. — Siai© quaiincations and salary
lequirea id MAJOlt SiTWJbiJUL, Urd Hill, xferwicK-
on-'i'weed. c.59

IpOR SALE, 1 cwt. good E&sex Honey, in four
28-lb. tins; sample 4a; tins iree; price i,8.— L.
i>ELiSH.AM, iieybriuge. Essex. c.41

I'i'ALIAN HYBiilDS, 1919 Queens, 10 frames;
guajanteed suong, Wealthy, no tusease; Apiii
uelivery; surplus stock, stamp.— Box Vu, B.iJ.J.
Uface, 25, Bedford St., W.C.2. cA2.

OEVEEAL healthy Stocks of Bees for Sale with
O hive, i;6, or without ihive £0, on 10 frames.
tfaseed by bee expert.— MRS. HENNELL, Ash
itectory, vVrotham, E-ent. c^

1?0R SALE, about 1 cwt. of good Extracted
- Honey, 23. per Jb., in 14-ib. lins.— ARXHUR
ADCOCK, Meldreth, €ambs. cM

170R SALE, Rymer Heather Honey Press, good
- condition, £3, or near offer; deposit.— MISS
BETTS, Hill House, Camberley. c.45

FOR SALE, three colonies Bees (crossed Italianj
with Hives, two new Hives, three Section
Racks and other equipments. What offers?—
" B«e," c/o WALKER, Stationer, Ballard's Lane,
Finchley, N.3. * c.46

1ST CLASS EXPERT (Lady), liaving large expe-
rience, seeks post of establishing or running
an Apiary.— Box 71, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford
Street, W.C.2. c.47

FOR SALE, two Stocks of Italian Hybrid Bees,
hives and bees included, £6 each.— WHITE,
16, Pulteney Road, South Woodford, Essex. c.48

THE CAMBS BEE BAROMETER.— Send 6d. for
the new bee mascot. This sum will be
refunded on any 5s. order.- S. H. SMITH, 30,
Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. c.49

PLANT "Willow Herb" for your bees; useful
and ornamental; 12 roots, 23.— BOWEN, Pitt-
vill© Street, Cheltenham. r.c.6

PURE Light Cambridge Honey, 14-lb. tins,
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. tins, 42s., carriage paid;
sample 4d.; tins free.— J. YOUNGER, 6. Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. r.c.9

EXPERT required for King's Lynn and District
Bee-keepers' Association. — Applications to
GEO. A. KNOWLES, Hon. Sec, Tennyson
Avenue, King's Lynn. c.l3

FOR SALE, large quantity of Appliances, includ-
ing 6-frame reversible Glared Extractor in
good condition, nearly new Dadant New Wax Press,
Honey Ripeners, Nucleus Hives, Travelling Boxes,
both swarms and frames, large number of Section
Racks, including single walled^^ Lee's pattern,
Burgess double walled, and W.B.C. hanging
frames. Shallow Frame Boxes, etc., quantity new
Frames, Sections, Metal Ends. Honey Jars, Glass
for glazing. Smokers, etc. — May be viewed by
appointment, or particulars from " S.," Avenue
House, Finchley Lane, Hendon. Stamp for reply.

c.14

BEESWAX for Sale, good quality yellow, 10
cwts., in 1 or 2 cwt. bags, at £9 16s. per cwt.,
f.o.r. London.— Apply, Box 67, B.B.J. Office, 23,
Bedford Street, W.C.2. r.b.86

WANTED, Jiealthy Stock of Bees, 6 or 8 frames,
, Apxil delivery .-WATERHOUSE, Rossett
Green, Harrogate. r.b.85

BEE-KEEPER wanted to take charge of Apiary
at Billingshurst, Sussex.— GORDON, 24, Lewes
Crescent, Briglilon. c.34

CORRESPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING, Golden Square. Hen-
field, Sussex. r.a.54

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Pric« and
panic Ulan* to W. HERKOD-HEMPSALJU,
Old Bedlora Road, Luton, Bods.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERROD-MEMPSALL, as above.

Ij^OR SALE, one Exhaust Wihistle, lis., post
- free; one Wood Maine Motor iuot Pump, 46s.,
carriage free.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as aoove.

WANTED, for scientific purposes, a few live
Bees, from diseased or dwindling stocks;
cages 'sent and expenses paid.— SNELGROVE,
Quadrant, Weston-super-Mare. a.ll

A VACANCY occurs for a Pupil on an old estab-
lished bee farm. Opportunity will be given
10 learn bee-keeping on a big scale.— Apply, Box
61, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2. r.a.57

BUSINESS AJ>V£BTIS£ao:NTS.
IJd. per word.

MRS. ARTHUR BREE is booking orders for
Swarms of pure Dutch Bees, excellent work-
ing strain, at following prices :— May, 406.; June,
35s. (returnable boxes); also a few Dutch Stocks,
£5. Stamp for reply.— Lutton Rectory, Oundle,
Hants. cJ6

SIX packages Flavine, S. Powders, circulars,
testimonials, etc., 6d., .post paid; Japanned
Sprayers, 5s., post paid; Wire Clearer Boards,
6s. 6d., post paid; " Week-end Bee-keeping,"
Chapter II.. " When the Cuckoo Calls," now
ready.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway. Cam-
bridge. C.50

5 -FRAME NUCLEI, Italian Hybrids, May-June
delivery, £3; box 10s., returnable. Orders with
deposit booked in rotation.— ERNEST GRIF-
FITHS, Helsby, Ches.hirc c.51

PENNA strain Italian Queens, from June 7.—
ASHWORTH, The Bungalow, Weymouth
Street, Winchester. c.52

REV. HEWISON (let Class Expert, B.B.K.A.)
makes to order Photo-micrographic Lantern
Slides, Anatomy of the Honey Bee, etc.; also
Nosema Apis. Particulars on application.— Marr
Vicarage, Doncaster. c.55

A LIMITED number of 3-frame Italian Nuclei
end of May and beginning of June, bred from
high-class stock; no disease, and all frames
crowded with sealed brood and covered with bees;
not as sent by some apiaries — one frame brood and
two of stores; £3 3s.. cash with order; box lOs.,
returnable. My guarantee : " Money returned if
not completely satisfied."- E. H. TUNMER,
"Chalfonts," Leiston, Suffolk. c.54

3-FRAME NUCLEI, 45s.; 4-frame, 55s.; boxes
7s. 6d., returnable. Queens, June lOs., August
7s. 6d. Cash with order. All guaranteed healthy.
Over 30 years' experience.— G. SAWYER, Marlow,
Bucks. c-55

STRONG, healthy Bees, 10-frame Stock in W.B.C.
hive, now; 6-frame Stocks, April; Swarms to
order.— SMITH, 5, Florence Terrace, Ramsgate.

r.c.56

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS AND NUCLEI.— Can
accept few more orders. This strain is second
to none, hardy, good disease resisters, very pro-
lific, splendid honey gatherers, comb builders, little
given to swarming, quiet to handle. June 3-fjame
Nuclei, £2 15s.; 4-frame, £3 5s.; well covered with
bees and brood; 1920 pure fertile Italian Queens,
June- July 9s. 6d., August-September 7s. 6d.;
Virgins, 4«. 6d.; few hybrid natural Swarms, £2 5s.;
sate delivery; carriage paid; cash with order;
satisfaction guaranteed. — BARTLETT. Bee
Specialist, Crowthorne, Berks. c.21

[The above advertiser and advertisement are not

j in any way connected with Mr. C. B. Bartlett,

I Witney, 0.xon.]

132

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. MarcH 11, 1920.

STOCKS, native and hybrid Bees, £4 each;
Swarms. £2; Nuclei, £1 18s.; Hybrid, £2 Ss.;
pure Italian, £3; Qu«ens 10s. 6d. each, carriage
paid.— S. CRAWFOED, Apiajies. Castlederg, Co.
Tyrone. r.c.l7

STRONG ITALIAN STOCKS on 7 frames with
1920 Penna Queens, ready June, £5; travelling
box 10s. extra, returnable; strong 3-frame Nuclei
with 1920 Queens, £3; boxes 7s. 6d. extra, return-
able. Cash with order, or quarter amount deposit.
Italian Queens, home mated, 12s.; Virgins, 5s. 6d.;
booked: ready May onwards. Pupils taken.— MISS
PALING, Gulden Square, Henfield, Sussex, r.c.23

ITALIAN NUCLEI from 30s., Fertile Queen from
78. 6d., Virgins from 3s. 6d., 8-frame Stocks £4.
Warranted healthy. Particulars stamp.— WATTS,
Conway Cottage, Newtown, Pa<rkstone, Dorset.
r.b.93

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3-frame, Peoina's 1920
Queens (guaranteed), 63s.; Hybrids, Penna's
and Simmins' Special, early delivery, 50s., car-
riage paid; box returnable. Orders (cash) strict
rotation.— MOORE, 31, Monmouth Road, Dor-
chester, r.c.l

TOCKS and Nuclei, headed by 1920 Queens,
guaranteed pure mated Italians, good
gatherers, prolific, and gentle; ten frames, £5; six,
£3 lOs.; three, £2 10s.; June onwards; cases 10s.,
returnable.- H. NJIVILLE, Mount Pleasant, [Pield-
gate, Walsall. r.c.2

DUTCH AND DUTCH-ITALIANS.-Four-frame
Nuclei, May and June delivery, orders taken
in rotation, £3 5s.; cash with order; carriage paid.
They are the Daily Mail strain I have had seven
years, and Bee-Mason's four years. Never had
disease; beautifully clean and healthy. You want
good disease resistors, prolific, and heavy honey
producers. Here You Have Them.— SEALE,
Ashley Cottage, Oatlands Drive, Walton-on-
Thames, Surrey. b.92

DON'T BUY BEES until you have seen our
prices and guarantee. You risk nothing, as
we return money in full if bees fail to give satis-
faction. Special terms to disabled men. Catalogue
3d., which is refunded on first order.- PEARSON &
GALE, Marlborough. b^

WATERPROOF RUBBER SHEETS for cover-
ing outhouses, etc., 72in. by 36in., brass
eyelets, 12 for 20s.^SAGARS STORES, Ardwick,
Manchester. b.l6

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Qxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price list
for 1%0 on application.— Address, B. PENNA,
Bologna, Italy. w.39

THE "CLARIDGE
QUALITY NUCLEI."

From this week's letter bag—

'• . . , I wished to write and tell you
" how very pleased I have been with the 3-frame
" nucleus which you sent me in 1918 . . . they
" wintered well (having built up a very strong
" colony) . . . and from your original stock
•' I now have three well developed strong
"hives ready for full work."

This nucleus was supplied on July 29th.

No fear of failure with the " Claridge Quality
Nuclei."

Every frame is FILLED WITH BROOD ! ! I
Only pure Italians supplied.

List post fret from

Claridge, Coplord Apiary. Colcliester

Send for

Bee-Keepers
Wal(e Up !

Yon can make a
Big Profit if you
nse right up-to-
date Appliances,
including the
Manley Hive.
MEADOWS,
Syston, Leicester.

Queens that will fight "Isle of
Wight" Disease.

Send 3d. for

The secret of immunity'

and Price Iilst.
T. F. COBB, 33, Sevan Road, Plumst«ad.

Dutch Bees.

I have beerf appointed Sole Agent for Hans *
Matthes, the Dutch Bee Farmer who supplied the
British Government last season with Skeps for
their County Ee-stocking Scheme. Hans Matthe*
also supplied me with what Skeps I required last
year.

Last autumn I got a large consi^meai over
from Holland, and am presently wintering these
at my Apiary here.

To those desirous of testing these Dutch Bees. I
will be pleased to send on my Illustrated Cata-
logue, containing much information regarding
the hardiness, prolificacy, disease-resisting, and
honey-gathering characteristics of this race of bee.

Address—

R. WHYTE,

The Bee Farm,

Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAB, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Gel a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. Tiie

'Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —

WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings. LONDON. E.C^.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member*
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. BEXJtOD-EEUPBAXXi, 83, BedtOr*
Street, Btraad. London, W.0.8.

March 11, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTrRNAL.

ui

Dontt Order "IV. 5.' Queens until you have seen the
" Queenland" Revised List for 1920. Sjd. post free

NUCLEUS STOCKS-Same Price as 1919.

The only Pedigree Bee -Stock Registered in direct line for more

than 25 years.

" AMALGA " is the name of our Queen breeding mother for 1920
" ALTA" is the name of our Drone parent for 1920.

PRODUCE OF ONE NUCLEUS
REALISES OVER £40 IN CASH.
" The three-frame nucleus I purchased
from you had increafied last autumn to
two strong stocks. I supered one on
April 23rd of this year, and the other a
few days later. I sold two swarms, and
made up the others to five stocks. Of
these I also sold three stocks. The
original lot gave 198 lbs. of honey, and
in all I have taken 365 lbs. My sales
amounted to over £41 in actual cash."
TMiss) H. G. MoiSET.
Somerset, Oct, 9th, 1918.

EXCEEDS 500 PER CENT. INTEREST.

" We have now 12 stocks to winter,
besides selling one, out of the two three-
frame nuclei supplied June 20th la«t year."
(Auguet 15th, 1917). Miss B. D.

Quainton, Bucks.

THREE TO SEVENTEEN.

" It may interest you to know that the
three stocks to which I introduced your
queens (the only stocks saved in the
apiary) in 1916, produced in all 17 stocks,
and a good surplus in honey in 1917; this
under the care of my wife who knew
nothing about bees. I simply directed
her as to management from there
(France)." Oliveb G. Pike.

April 9th, 1918.

FIRST AND BEST.

" Your White Star strain was the first
to enter the sections, and all the honey I
got was from them." G. H. S.

Heddon House Dairy.

AJPRIL 19th.— BOILING OVER.

*' The hive is simply boiling over with
W. S. bees. They are at work when my
other stocks are idling, and they are
stronger than any of my other stocks."

Aberdare, Wales. E. T. W.

ARE THE W.S. PROLIFIC?

" In 1904 I got a W.S. queen from you,
and last year (1905) by the first week in
June she had brood in twenty-five stan-
dard frames." J. H.

Higher Kinnerton, Chester.

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NUCLEUS DELIVERED IN JUNE;
40 FRAMES BY AUGUST.

" The three-frame nucleus of bees now
occupy 40 Standard Frames. They have
exceeded beyond anything I believed pos-
sible. I have never had anything like
them before, and if the other queens on
order turn out the same I consider my
fortune made." John Jokes.

Llancarfan, Aug. 21st, 1918.

SEVERAL STOCKS FROM ONE

NUCLEUS.
" It seems almost ridiculous that this
nucleus of the previous eeaeon (Aug.),
before I was prepared for it, swarmed in
April, and I now have several stocks from
that investment." J. W. MoKaz.

Croydon.

EIGHT STOCKS FROM ONE W.S.

NUCLEUS.
" I now have eight stocks from th* one
nncleos you supplied last year."

J. Jonw.
Llancarfan, May, 1919.

BEST IN THE COUNTY— NEVER
SAW THE LIKE !
" May 26th. — The two queens you sent
rae have exceeded anything that I ever
thought of. The stock chambers are full
and crammed with brood, and all three
supers crowded with bees ; but even with
this the bees are boiling over. I have not
fed them at all, and have removed several
framc-s of brood for another lot. The
County Expert called yesterday, and said
he had never seen such beee, and they
were certainly the best in Hampshire."
^ D. P. P.

NO SPRING-FEEDING, BUT AGAIN
FIRST.
*' The W.S. bees on eleven 16 x 10
framed were full and boiling over at the
middle of May. and were the first to enter
supers out of 23 stocks ; and last, but not
least, they required no spring feeding/'

U. W.
Arnold, Nott*.

R«vi8ecii920 "White Star" List, s^d., of 8. SiMMINS, Queenland, Heathfield, Sussex.

IV

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 11, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
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In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Seasons speciaHty— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
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If. you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

'Order Early and secure the Best*

THE FOLLOWING UNSOLICITED TESTIMONIALS PROVE THE ABOVE :

11.6.19

Dear Sir. — The bees arrived all right this afternoon.

Both my wife and I are very pleased with them. They

are a splendid lot and should we at any time require

more we shall know where to vvrite. — Yours faithfully.

A.J.B.— Chesterfield.

13.7-17
Dear Sir. — I received the bees on Saturday.
I am ighly satisfied with them, they are a fine
lot and I think they will soon be a full stock.
Youis truly,

A. M. GOOLE.

The best of Satisfaction given.

These Nuclei consist of 3 frames of Mature Brood (not merely eggs and honey) but in
advanced stages and well crowded with Bees. Queens exceptionally fine bred from selected
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3 Frame Pure Italian Nuclei £3 ?■ 0. Terms Cash with order or £1 deposit, balance Mid May,

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PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17X 14X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

THR APIARY, BROMLEY, KENX.

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

Commercial (W x W) frames and brood boxes stocked.
Printed by thb Avknui Press (L. Upoott Gill & Son, Ltd). 55-57. Drurv Lank, London, W.C, anb

PUBLISHKD FOR TBI PROPRIETOR (W. HeRROD- HemPSALL), BY glldPKIN, M»'>«HiLL, HiHILTOM,

Kuii & Co.. Ltd.. 31 & S2, Pjitiknobtis Bow. £.C.

British Bbb. Journal and Beb-kkrperb' Advibir, March 18, 1920.

APR 2 0 1920

No. 1969. Vol. XLVIII

MARCH 18, 1920.

CPubZti;i«d «ver]/ Thurtdatf, Frloe 8d.

coMrrrjsi^'X's.

Conference of Bee-keepers

A Dorset Yarn

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

To Talk op Manv Things

Honey Imports

Association News—

Montgomeryshire B.K.A

Derbyshire B.K.A

Kent B.K.A

page
133
136
137
138
138

139
139
139

PAGE

Pembrokeshire B.K.A 140

Guildford B.K.A. 141

Notts B.K.A 141

South Staffordshire B.K.A 141

Correspondence—

A Young Bee-keeper's Letter 142

Early PoUeia '. 142

Queries and Replies—

Various Queries 142

The "Acid Test" of Honey 143

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

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honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
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11

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 18, 1920.

Dont Order ^^IV, 5/ Queens until you have seen the
^' Queenland' Revised List for 1920, S^d* post free

NUCLEUS STOCKS-Same Price as 1919.

The only Pedigree Bee-Stock Registered in direct line for more

than 25 years.

" AMALGA " is the name of our Queen breeding mother for 1920
" ALTA " is the name of our Drone parent for 1920.

PRODUCE OF ONE NUCLEUS
REALISES OVER £40 IN CASH.
" The three-frame nucleus I purchased
from you had increased last autumn to
two strong stocks. I supered one on
April 23rd of this year, and the other a
few days later. I sold two swarms, and
made up the others to five stocks. Of
these I also sold three stocks. The
original lot gave 198 lbs. of honey, and
in all I have taken 365 lbs. My sales
amounted to over £41 in actual cash."
CMiss) H. G. MoYSKY.
Somerset, Oct. 9th, 1918.

EXCEEDS 500 PER CENT. INTEREST.

" We have now 12 stocks to winter,
besides selling one, out of the two three-
frame nuclei supplied June 20th last year."
(August 15th, 1917). Miss B. D.

Quainton, Bucks.

THREE TO SEVENTEEN.

" It may interest you to know that' the
three stocks to which I introduced your
queens (the only stocks saved in the
apiary) in 1916, produced in all 17 stocks,
and a good surplus in honey in 1917; this
under the care of my wife who knew
nothing about bees. I simply directed
her as to management from there
(France)." Oliver G. Pike.

April 9th, 1918:

FIRST AND BEST.

" Your White Star strain was the first
to enter the sections, and all the honey I
got was from them." G. H. S.

Heddon House Dairy.

APRIL 19th.— BOILING OVER.

" The hive is simply boiling over with
W. S. bees. They are at work when my
other stocks are idling, and they are
stronger than any of my other stocks."

Aberdare, Wales. E. T. W.

ARE THE W.S. PROLIFIC?

" In 1904 I got a W.S. queen from you,
and last year (1905) by the first week in
June she had brood in twenty-five stan-
dard frames." J. H.

Higher Kinnerton, Chester.

Q

\fi

H

Z
<

<

0

CR
C
0)

c

9)
u

0

>

a

<

NUCLEUS DELIVERED IN JUNE;
40 FRAMES BY AUGUST.

" The three-frame nucleus of bees now
occupy 40 Standard Frames. They have
exceeded beyond anything I believed pos-
sible. I have never had anything like
them before, and if the other queens on
order turn out the same I consider my
fortune made." John Jones.

Llancarfan, Aug. 21st, 1918.

SEVERAL STOCKS FROM ONE
NUCLEUS.

"It seems almost ridiculous that this
nucleus of the previous season (Aug.),
before I was prepared for it, swarmed in
April, and I now have several stocks from
that investment." J. W. MoKat.

Croydon.

EIGHT STOCKS FROM ONE W.S.

NUCLEUS.
" I now have eight stocks from the one
nucleus you supplied last year."

J. JOVIfi.

Llancarfan, May, 1919.

BEST IN THE COUNTY— NEVER
SAW THE LIKE !
" May 26th. — The two queens you sent
me have exceeded anything that I ever
thought of. The stock chambers are full
and crammed with brood, and all three
supers crowded with bees ; but even with
this tlie bees are boiling over. I have not
fed them at all, and have removed several
framc-s of brood for another lot. The
County Expert called yesterday, and said
he had never seen such bees, aiid they
were certainly the beet in Hampshire."

D. D. P.

NO SPRING-FEEDING, BUT AGAIN
FIRST.
" The W.S. bees on eleven 16 x 10
framed were full and boiling over at the
middle of May. and were the first to enter
supers out of 23 stocks ; and last, but njot
least, they required no spring feeding."

U. W.
Arnold, Notts.

Revised 1920 " WhitP Star " List, S^d., of S. SIMIWINS, Queenland, Heathfield, Sussex.

March 18, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

133

Conference of Bee-Keepers
re Legislation.

{Continuedjrom page 126.)

The Chairman : Each county has, or will
have; most of them have already — I have,
I hope expressed my thanks to the Bee-
Keepers' Associations — most counties have
a committee containing representatives of
bee-keepers, and all others interested in
general cultivation. Each county com-
mittee has a horticulturalist interested in
a whole lot of small cultivation. He has
assistants, and on that staff there is, let us
say, a part-time bee-keeper who will make
it his business to visit all parts of the
country, not as an inspector, not as a
policeman, but as an adviser. In the
course of his duties he may encounter cases
of gross neglect. He will try and
persuade, and ascertain whether the
persuasion has been efiEicacious, but when
iib is not he will probably get some other
member of the committee to come down
and report it, and then it will be dealt
with. But you cannot mix up your police-
man and your teacher; it is a very
dangerous thing ; we have often tried it at
the Ministry, and we have always failed,
because the one is always mistaken for the
other.

An Hon. Delegate : I would like to say
one more word. You will find that this
question of inspection of hives for disease
is the sorest point of all in the question
of legislation, and I would ask you all, on
behalf of every bee-keeper here present,
to do everything you possibly can to see
that inspection is carried out properly by
proper expert bee-keepers.

The Chairman : I have had such a lot
to do with this inspection, and it was such
a terrible thing for me when I started on
it, but I find, as a matter of fact, we have
to do a good deal of inspection of
nurseries and fruit plantations, and in
point of fact, provi-ded it is done by men
who have two qualities, one is knowledge-
and the other is tact, there ig no diffi-
ciilty: but you have to find men with both
qualities.

The Hon. Delegate : The proceedings
are nearly finished, but I should like to
draw the attention of the Government to
one particular point which hits the bee-
keeping industry, and especially the future
of the bee-keeping industry. In your
address you referred to the value of the

home-produced honey as between ^500,000
and ^1,000,000, and the value of the honey
imported into this country from abroad as
between ^2,500,000 and £2,750,000. What
some of us want to know is this : What is
the attitude of the Government with
regard to this, and how would they pro-
pose to deal with this question in the
future? Do they propose to encourage
the importation of honey from abroad, or
do they wish to encourage the production
of honey at home?

The Chairman : I am sorry to interrupt,
but this is a matter which concerns the
Cabinet, and not a single Ministry. I
enjoy it, because it comes up so often,
but as a matter of fact it is a matter of
high policy, and therefore can only be
discussed at a Cabinet meeting.

The Hon. Delegate : Can nothing be
said?

The Chairman : I do not think it is
worth our while discussing it; really I do
not.

The Hon.' Delegate : What I want to
draw attention to is this : That within
three-quarters of a mile of where I live
tons of honey are bottled up with the
name of some paltry firm, and sold as
English honev. What are vou to do with
that?

The Chairman : That is another story,
which British bee-keepers will, I am sure,
in proper time and place, take up, but it is
not particularly revelant to our meeting
this afternoon. I would ask, therefore, if
any gentleman has any other point of
principle that he wishes to bring forward,
that he should do so now.

Mr. Reid : There is one item here which
says, " Every local authority shall appoint
such inspectors and other officers as may
be necessary for the execution and enforce-
ment by the local authority of Orders
under this Act." Well, now. Sir, that
does leave the door open very wide.

The Chairman : No. I think I may
interpret that. Of course, there is a
certain common form of drafting in these
Bills, but that does not contract us out
of our responsibility. This is common
form. Though the powers can be dele-
gated, it is the intention of the Ministry
to retain these powers. I think you- may
accept it. You can have it in writing in
the " Report of the Conference," if you
like, that it is the intention of the
Ministry to retain those powers ; but it will
not do to take a draft to your legal
adviser and ask him to make a brand neh^^
Bill; he will always" put it in the form in
which that type of Bill goes.

Mr. Reid : I would not venture to dis-
piitp the legal position of matters, but I am

134

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 18, 1920.

quite sure that every bee-keeper in this
room would wish you to insert in para-
graph (2) — " Every local auth.ority shall
appoint such, qualified inspectors and other
officers as may be necessary." If you put
in the word " qualified," or " properly
qualified," then I think the objection
would be met. Any legal questions I do
not wish to introduce. I would not, in
one of the remaining clauses, call a
Minister a Ministry; I would call a
Ministry a Ministry; I think to call a
Minister a Ministry

The Chairman : We will have ihar. print
at the end; that we need not discuss.
You will see, in line 5 of Clause 2, you
have got a governing phrase — " the
" Ministry or the local authority," — that
applies throughout. I do assure you — I
am speaking about that with a lot of ex-
perience— I would rather remove the Ark
of the Covenant than try to alter a legal
term. You cannot get your men who are
responsible for drafting Bills to put a
thing in a simple and straightforward way
that a common person like myself would
like.

Mr. Keid : May I remind you that the
Ark of the Covenant was ultimately
destroyed absolutely?

Mr. Bold (Lancashire) : I should have
said the very same words as the last
speaker, but I was relying on paragraph
(3) " The appointment of an inspector
shall be subject to the approval of the
Ministry."

The Chairman : I think you may take it
that the Ministry, after all, under this
Bill will have the powers; the Local
Authority will only be its delegate, and
the Ministry will only appoint a delegate
when it decides to. At present it does
not intend to delegate its powers,

Mr. Bold : Of course, the Ministry
would not sanction the appointment of
anyone who was not a bee-keeper to come
and inspect our hives. That is the point.
If the Ministry gave that assurance
there. would be very little objection.

The Chairman : "We have given that
assurance.

Mr. Harwood (Middlesex) : May I ask
you to overcome your diffidence and give
me and the meeting generally an inter-
pretation of this part of the Bill?
Section (3) reads : "In any proceedings
under this Act, no proof shall be required
of the appointment or handwriting of an
inspector or other officer of the Ministry
or of the clerk or an inspector or other
officer of a local authority." Is it a
question of the moaning of the word
" proceedings," because later on I see,
"An inspector of the Ministry or of the
local authority may for the purposes of

any Order under this Act at any reason-
able time, enter any building or place
wherein he has reasonable ground for
supposing that there are or have recently
been bees ajSected by any pest or disease,
or that any Order under this Act has not
been or is not being complied with, and
may examine or cause to be examined any
bees, honey, or comb on such premises and
anything thereon used for or in connection
with bees "? Is the point " for inspec-
tion? "

The Chairman : " Proceedings " under
(3) simply means legal proceedings, police
court proceedings, or whatever it may be.
That again is common form, to obviate
having to prove in court you wrote some-
thing which you wrote.

An Hon. Delegate : In regard to para-
graph 2, " Orders for preventing spread of
bee disease " : I am an expert at Cam-
bridge, and in going round one has had
a few expert's experiences this year.
There was a case in point bearing on the
paragraph : " The Minister may make
such orders as he thinks expedient for
preventing the spread in England and
Wales of any pest or disease affecting bees,
and' any such Order may direct or
authorise the destruction by the Ministry,
or the local authority, of any colony of
bees so affected, and any receptacle (other
than a serviceable movable comb hive) in
which there are or have been bees so
affected, and the contents of any
receptacle which is being used or has
recently been used for bees so affected.
The Minister or Local Authority may in
respect of anything so destroyed pay such
compensation as the Minister or Local
Authority may think fit." One would
think a stock of bees very bad with
disease would gather no honey. I saw a
stock diseased with the worst form of foul
brood; a strong stock. I decided to leave
it alone, rightly or wrongly. That stock
gathered 185 lbs. of honey. If that had
been destroyed, what compensation should
have been given? I suggest to you that
you should consider.it, because it would
have been a loss to the country had that
stock been destroyed. I may say from my
own experience — we destroyed a stock in
the autumn — it is a thing the Ministry
should consider, this question of com-
pensation.

An Hon. Delegate : On behalf of the
Cambridge Bee-Keepers' Association, may
I ask what are the proposed qualifications
for an expert?

The Chairman : Really, that is worth a
written question ; if you will put it n
writing and send it up to the Ministry,
they will be able to consider it. I suppose
a competent knowledge of his work. A

Marcli 18, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

man must have been a practical bee-
keeper, he must have kept bees, and he
must have a working knovrledge of the
conditions under which bees live. He
can have any other knowledge you like.
I do not think I could answer it more
than that.

135

The Hon. Delegate : The reason I asked
the question was because a few years ago
a practical bee-keeper, well known
throughout the country, with first-class
and other certificates, a producer of a
large quantity of honey, took a quantity
of diseased bees in hives on to a piece of
ground about half a mile from a very large
bee-keeper. That rendered bee-keeping
absolutely impossible in that district.
The point arises : If a man with all these
qualifications can go and condemn
another man's bees, and is incapable of
managing his own, his qualifications are
not much iise.

The Chairman : Surely it is not un-
common that a high degree of skill goes
together with an extraordinary amount of
stupidity. One might hope that does not
occur regularly. Many of tis are extra-
ordinarily stupid sometimes, but we
might rely on the Advisory Council or
Committee of Practical Bee-Keepers to
petition the Ministry not to renew the
appointment of that gentleman, if he did
these things.

I think the time is getting late. I
would ask if there are any other sugges-
tions in relation to the considerations
before us that any member of this Con-
ference desires to put.

Mr. Snelgrove : If this Bill ever becomes
an Act, and the Ministry have to
administer it, I for one, and I think I
am voicing the opinions of the meeting,
hope that they will not do it in a half-
hearted sort of way. (Hear, hear.) A
remark of Captain Wellington's rather
alarmed me. He spoke of trying to do all
this b> persuasion first. Well, we have
all experienced the effects of persuasion,
and we have been waiting so long for this
Bill that I am sure we all hope, Sir, that
whenever the Ministry do it, they will do
it with the greatest possible vigour.
(Hear, hear.)

The Rev. Mr. Morgan : I think it was
understood, at least I understood it in
that way, that it was persuasion first:
compulsion afterwards. In the past we
have had persuasion: now we need com-
pulsion. Compulsion comes if persuasion
fails.

'•. Frusher : I can give you an
instance of some hives standing from 1914
till last IMarch, in a neighbourhogd where
ihev cleared all the bees off. and thev

would not remove them by persuasion,
nor yet seU them.

The Chairman : Well, that is a case for
compulsion. Well, Gentlemen, there is no
more business before the meeting.

An Hon. Delegate : I should just like to
remark that, so far as I know, there is
nothing in this Bill to hint that skeps
are not advisable. I do not know hdw
you would deal with those. An inspector
comes across a lot of skeps he cannot
inspect; what is he to do? There is no
guidance, so far as I know, in this Bill.
What compels me to speak, more than
anything else, is an assurance from
Captain Wellington that this Bill is going
to be carried out in rather an easy
manner, at any rate to start with, and we
really shall have something going for-
ward. I do want to know what is to
happen about the skeps.

Mr. Reid : May I make one remark, Sir,
before we part? We have had a very
interesting meeting here to-day, we have
had a chairman who has conducted our
business with very great ability and
courtesy — (cheers) — and I would ask you,
if the chairman will permit me, to give
a hearty vote of thanks, from this con-
ference, to our chairman, Dr. Keeble.

Mr. J. B. Lamb : Mr. Chairman, ladies
and gentlemen, Mr, Reid rose to do what
I was going to do one minute ago — ^I
second it — to ask this meeting to thank
you very sincerely for your able conduct
in the chair to-day. I assure you I have
attended hundreds of meetings, but I do
not think I have come across one chair-
man who possesses such a super-abundance
of tact and patience, and combines so
admirably the suaviter in modo with the
fortiter in, re. Although I came half
expecting ructions, I think the fact that
we have not had ructions is due entirely
to your tact. May I also associate with
you Captain Wellington, who, so very
clearly explained to the meeting what is
comprised in about four pages of fool-
scap? (Hear, hear.) I will now second
the resolution, and put it to the meeting;
is it your pleasure?

The resolution was carried by acclama-
tion.

The Chairman : Ladies and gentlemen,
the fact that I came to this meeting at a
very great personal inconvenience, and
from a long distance, makes it all tbe more
agreeable to find, that, in spite of the
journey, the conduct of the meeting has
met with your approval. The reason why
Captain Wellington asked me to repre-
sent the Minister and preside at this meet-
ing was a very simple one. During the
years of the war, when I was at the
Ministry of Agriculture, I set myself one

136

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 18, 1920.

task, which. I believe is a real task, and
that was to smash altogether the idea
that a Ministry represents a governing
body issuing edicts, to be obeyed by those
persons to whom 'they were addressed.
Instead of that we have now got, in all
matters relating to horticulture and to
intensive cultivation, a concordat between
the industry and the Ministry, which is
enabling us to do rapidly what we could
not do, even with great delay, before, and
I hope that, as the result of this meet-
ing, you and I may now look forward to
the time when bee-keepers will not dis-
agree with one another, there will be
found a common measure of agreement,
and that you will all help to make this
industry what it deserves to be, a very
general and a very successful one.
(Cheers.)

(The Conference then terminated.)

CONFERENCE OF BEE-KEEPERS — A CORRECTION.

I notice you say in your issue of the
11th I was the first to bring disease into
our coiinty — Derbyshire. That is an
error on your part. I have never bought
a swarm. I said a certain gentleman
(giving the name) was the first, by buying
a swarm from a certain dealer. — J. Pear-
man, Derby.

[We are sorry Mr. Pearman was not
reported correctly, but the error was not
ours, as the report is printed exactly as
received. The mistake was made by the
reporter in transcribing his shorthand
notes. — Eds.]

A Dorset Yarn.

Bees have wonderful eyes that they may
see the flowers that they search over for
nectar, yet it is scent that they depend
on most for the searching. Some flowers
smell like honey; this is very noticeable in
clover and peas. Notice the coriander
flowers when open in summer; they smell
very .strong of honey, but the foliage has
a very nasty smell indeed. The hemlock
fiowers have the sweet smell of honey, but
the foliage, if rubbed with the hands,
smells like mice. There is so much that
the nature lover can learn if he but takes
notice as the bees search over flowers.
Take the flowers of hawthorn, the wild
sloe, apricot, almond, cherry, sea buck-
thorn, and bird cherry. These %mell like
beeswax. Bees work them all in their
season. Take, again, the strong-smelling
garlic ; all the growth has the strong smell
of onions, yet the blossoms (unless you
rub the stems) smell very strong of honey.

I have a friend, a manufacturing
chemist, who says that ethereal oils are
distilled from the flowers of oranges, gar-
denias, yuccas and magnolias, from the

citron and thyme. All this proves that
the honey scent must be very prominent in
these flowers. But some of the Daphnes,
sweet as they all are, are very variable;
one of them fills a room with the smell of
violets (I presume that is the source of
the strong perfume that is labelled vio-
lets), another of them smells like lilac.
When a grower of flowers in the gardens
of the wealthy, and when different flowers
were used on the dinner tables, the odours
given off these Daphnes were very notice-
able. Scent must be the chief guide to
these nectariferous flowers. Bees must
smell them from a long distance; see how
they work the Virginia creeper; the
flowers are exceptionally small and have
no colour. It is the same with vines in
the open; these have a very sweet honey
odour, though they have no colour to
guide the bees to them; when grown under
glass the perfume is very pleasing. We
have no bees to fertilise them ; the grower
always raps the rods in order to jerk the
pollen off the stamens on to the pistil, so
as to ensure perfect fertilisation.

In some flowers the nectar can be seen
to glisten when the sun shines directly on
them ; this is seen on the ivy in autumn,
on the spindletree and saxifrages. Those
that have a wealth of stamens, like
almonds and peaches, have the calyx tube
lined with nectar, but it is hidden by the
wealth of stamens carrying pollen. Bees
have to force their way to it by pressing
aside the stamens. Kerner states that
Linums, Dianthus, Lychnis, and most
papilionaceous flowers have nectar in the
stamens. What is so singular with them
is that nine of them only have nectar, the
tenth has none; the nine are fused into
the floral tube in which the nectary is
closed. The same writer states that the
snowdrop secretes nectar in parallel
grooves on the inner side of the floral
leaves; this is the same with many of the
Kly family. Kerner also states that the
Hellebore, or Christmas I'ose, has abun-
dant honey at the base of stamens.

On the farm now there are flowers of
plums, Jargonelle and Louise Bon of
Jersey pears. Easpberries and gooseberries
are showing the buds, but the last few days
have been cold. Our bees have not gone
further than the peaches, which are all
round and among the hives; but these
have so many thousands of flowers there
is plenty for them to do without going far
away. So very beautiful they are, parti-
cularly the large-flowering ones — as beau-
tiful as almonds, and much more useful,
as they furnish us with delicious fruits
from July to October. Most of them are
grown as standard trees, growing and
spreading naturally, with the branches all
radiating outwards, covered with their
beautiful flesh-coloured flowers. In Holy

March 18, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

137

Writ we have it noted of a tree that man
was not to eat the fruit ; so, in ancient
Chinese, traditions of the peach-tree of
life and a peach-tree of knowledge, which
grew on a mountain, guarded by 100
demons. It brought death to all mortals
that ate it. ]\Io<;lern growers bud the
peach on plum stocks, but they will fruit
from seed in a few years if the soil is not
over-rich, and very fine fruits will come
on some of the seedlings. Many Ameri-
cans believe that a fruit diet in the hot
season is the best for health; they eat a
lot of peaches. — J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

For Juvenile Readers.

First I must ask my young readers to
recall that, as stated a few weeks back,
this conversation took place last summer.
Some of them seem to think I am allud-
ing to the present time. Not so; it
wouldn't do to try introducing queens in
March, would it? A little girl would like
to know if "its all true or make-believe.''
Will she wait until I'm finished and then
ask me again? A young laddie thinks it's
awfully clever to bo able to talk to a bee
and understand the bees' language, and
wishes to know if it's as hard to learn as
Latin. Not quite; and now shall we get
on. Apis, after a week's pouting, became
quite amiable again, and apologised for
her rudeness of the week before ; and,
after assuring me that bees are really
fond of boys and girls, providing they
don't get playing hide and seek around
and leap-frog over, the hives, and poking
sticks in the entrance after dark with the
hope that said sticks will come out coated
with honey, I asked her why bees reared
such a lot of drones. " One reason," she
said, " is they help keep the hive warm
at certain times of the year, and another
reason is that our young queens like to
have plenty of lovers to choose from."

"But Apis, dear," I replied, "do drones
ever help? To me they seem to hinder
and be generally in the way.

"They're not all alike, sir," said she:
" some of them do at least come and watch
us as we empty our honey into the cells
and say flattering words to us. Of course
they ask for, some of our honey which we
can't resist giving after they have talked
to us so nicely. Just a few — the gentle-
men— will help to make a way for us when
we are in a great huri*y. On the other
ha.nd^ a lot of them go in a corner to sleep
till aboiit midday, when they wake up and
go blundering out of the hive, knocking
everybody down. I must say they have
shocking manners at times. These are no
good at all, for when the queen goes to

select a lover she never chooses one of the
sleepy, lazy sort."

" How can she tell one from the other
when there are so many ? ' '

" Oh, she goes out of the hive and flies
about to be sure she will know the spot
when she comes back, then she flys up and
up, and the very lazy drones haven't the
inclination to fly so far ; therefore, its
just the best drones who go up and up with
the young princess, or virgin queen, as
she is sometimes called, then she chooses
the very best of those to be her lover."

" Then to give the young queen a large
choice is one reason why you rear so many
drones? "

" Yes. If we had only one or two
drones our young queen would not go out
on a lover's flight for perhaps a month
instead of about four davs after hetr
birth."

" Why should she stay a month? "

" Because she could lay drone eggs which
would hatch into drones in 34 days ; and
they would wait 10 days or more before
going oui' for a flight, so it might be even
five or six weeks before the young queen
went for her courtship flight."

" Really ! Then if I were to catch all the
drones in a hive but one or two, and de-
stroy all the drone cells and put in a virgin
queen she would w "

" She would be killed."

"Killed?"

"Yes, and quickly. You won't ever do
it, wiU you? "

" I mustn't after that. But supposing,
Apis, that a hive had sent out a swarm,
and after the swarm had gone I killed all
the remaining drones and destroyed all
drone cells, would the young queen, when
born, wait a month before going out? "

" Yes, if there were no other hives
about."

"What if there were?"

" AVhy some scouts would be sent out to
see if there were any drones on the wing,
and if they returned and said ' yes,' we
should make the queen go out and choose
a lover from drones of other hives."

" But, dear Apis, I've often been told
that young queens will choose sweethearts
from other hives, even when there are
scores of would-be lovers in her own ; is
that true?"

" Yes ; if a drone from a strange hive
can fly higher and better than one from
her own city, the young queen will be sure
to make love to that one. I wonder you
don't try and prevent it."

"Prevent it. Apis! How?"

" Easily ; if you want drones of one hive
to be sweethearts to all your queens, you
shoiild trap the drones in all the hives
except that one."

" I know; but I've done that, dear; but
what about hives in a neighbour's garden,

138

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 18, 1920.

if tliere happen to be any, and worse,
that liive may be diseased."

" You are insulting me again, you
iborrid man."

"Insulting you, Apis; how do you
mean? "

" I'm an Italian bee."

" You are, dear ; but what have I said
against Italians?"

" Italian queens don't choose lovers from
diseased drones, so there!"

" Sorry to hurt your feelings ; forgive
me, and just tell me if drones are of any
other use than what you have described."

Not much ; you see, like all men, they
don't like work."

"Ah, that's too bad; why do vou say

SO?

" Because I think you're all alike.
Drones go out for a few hours a day and
come back, and begin asking if the Vneals
are ready, and we lady bees have to work,
work, work, and I've heard say you men
kick up ever such a fuss if you have to
work more than eight hours a day. Yet
you expect your wives to be at work morn-
ing, noon and night. We don't stand too
much of it ; your women have more
patience than we have."

"How do you right matters?"
Easily enough; when honey is getting
scarce we say to them, ' No food for you
unless you can work ! They try and fight
for it, but we close round them, tear their
wings, bite their ' legs, and drive them
forth out of the hive, and don't allow
them back."

But I've seen one or two drones in
winter, Apis; how's that? "

" Well, just one or two hide themselves
in some corner and wait till our anger
has cooled, and then come crying for
mercy, and pretend to be anxious to do
anything we want them to do, so we let
them stop. They make good meals for
Tits in winter when they come tapping
the hive— I'm getting tired ; may I go to
my box? "

" Yes, run along, and have a good rest,
and we'll conclude our talks next week."'
— E. F. Hemming.

To Talk of Many Things.

The general body of readers of thii^
Journal must, I think, owe a debt of
gratitude to him who suggested a reprint
of the article.s. formerly contributed by
the choice spirit that expressed itself over
the pseudonym of " Lordswood."

To many, I am one of the number, who
have become readers since the dates of
original publication, the re-print has all
the chann of novelty. The exquisite Nature
lover who, condemned by one of life's little

ironies to dwell in a suburb of that mon-
strous accretion that nauseated the soul of
Cobbett, yet contrived occasional excur-
sions, suggests the parallel of the lark,
caught in its native meadow by a prowl-
ing rufl&an and imprisoned in a cage in.
some squalid slum, whence, taking advan-
tage of its gaoler's drunken clumsiness, it
escapes, and regaining its natal air pours
out its thanks in a flood of melody. Oh
the pity of it that it should be fated to be
again emmeshed in the fowler's net so soon
as it drops to earth once more.

The inevitable regi-et that so gifted a
writer is no longer with us is tempered by
the consciousness that his mantle, or at
any rate a generous fold of it, has fallen
upon the Rev. E. F. Hemming, of Steeple
Gidding, Hunts.

This gentleman, from his enviable seclu-
sion in his little Huntingdonshire parish,
is giving us articles which, while reminis-
cent in their spirit, of the lamented
author of " The Drone Fly, ' ' are indi-
vidual in style, fresh in matter. Mr.
Hemming 's personality so informs his
writings that one seems no more willing
to criticise them than one would be to
beard him in the pulpit. There is no dis-
puting the fact that- occupants of country
parsonages have embellished perhaps
more than any other class — the bye-pathS
of literature. Parochial histories, so rich
in varied lore, natural histories — every!
parish differs from others in its fauna and
flora — these form a conspectus of the livesi
of that population which is the essential
and enduring element of a sane common-
wealth, together with a mirror of the set-
ting in which those lives begin and end.

Not the least important function of this
school of literature is the keeping in touch
with the All- Mother those who, as " Lords-
wood " phrases it, " but for a diabolical
combination of untoward circumstances "
would still crowd round her instead of
being herded into the exile which is best
described by an inversion of the first line
of Shelley's "Oomus."

The entry into apicultural journalism of
so competent and scholarly an observer as
the rector of St. Andrew's — to say noth-
ing of the pleasing contributions of hia
brother and daughter — is an auspicioual
event in the history of our craft, and wel-
comed by no one more than the present
writer. — A. F. Harwood.

Honey Imports.

The registered value of honey im-
ported into the United Kingdom during
the month of February, 1920, was
£15,543. — From a return furnished by the
Statistical Office, H.M. Customs.

March 18, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

139

Montgomeryshire Bee-Keepers'
Association,

The Montgomeryshire Bee-keepers'
^ Association has now become an accom-
plished fact, and the first meeting of the
body proper met at Welshpool, under the
presidency of the Vicar of Llanerfyl (Rev.
T. D James).

On. the motion of Mr. Salter, Mr. Jolin-
son Pugh was elected Chairman of the
Committee. It was unanimously resolved
to form a Bee-keepers' Association, to be
called the Montgomeryshire Bee-keepers'
Association, at an annual subscription of
5^ . which would meet — said Mr. Holmes
— the needs of rich and poor alike. The
objects of the Socie'ty being to combine
in an Association all kee-keepers within
the county, and enable them to take
united action for their mutual benefit.

In reply to Mrs. J. H. Davies. Mr. J. L.
John stated that the County Education
Committee had allocated £30 to the Bee
Committee to assist towards the re-
stocking scheme and in disinfecting the
hives.

The general rules of the Association
were drafted and passed.

Mr. John stated that under the scheme
of the Ministry of Agriculture one paid-
up share in the Association would entitle
a bee-keeper to a nucleus i If a bee-
keeper required more than one nucleus
he CQuld procure more by the purchase of
fresh shares.

In arriving at a price of a share Mr.
Spence reminded the Committee that the
prices of nuclei had very greatly advanced
since November, 1918, when the scheme
was first mooted.

Mr. Holmes said they wanted bee-
keepers in Montgomeryshire, and he was
fighting for those poor bee-keepers who
could not afford to pay £3 or £4 for a
nucleus.

Mr. John thought the Committee might
make special arrangements for bee-
keepers who were in poor circumstances.

Mr. Holmes was deputed to visit the
apiary of Rev. E. M. Davies, of Taliesin,
and procure immune stocks from him.

It was agreed to open an account at the
"Welshpool Branch of the National Pro-
vincial Bank.

Mr. Rees Price having signified his in-
tention of resigning from the post of
Secretary, Mr. J. L. John congratulated
him on securing a new and better appoint-
ment, although they greatly deplored his
departure from Welshpool.

Mrs. .J. H. Davies also spoke of the
great loss the Association would suffer by
the resignation of Mr. Price.

It was decided to ask Mr. Gordon
Stuart to undertake the secretarial duties.
— S. C. Holmes.

Derbyshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Amidst feelings of regret, Mr. R. Giles,
for many years chairman, informed" a
meeting of the Derbyshire Bee-keepers'
Association that owing to impaired hear-
ing it was with reluctance that he felt
compelled to resign that position. An
ideal chairman, and with unremitting
devotion to his duties, Mr. Giles had won
the respect and confidence of all. He
still remains an active member, and it is
hoped the affliction may only be of a tem-
porary character.

Mr. Pallett, another pillar of long
standing, was unanimously elected Chair-
man, and he referred in sympathetic
terms to the unfortunate circumstances
which caused his election. He then wel-
comed the new members, remarking that
bee-keeping, after a period of adversity,
had completely revived, membership was
increasing, and there never was a keener
desire to commence. It was for them to
stimulate that desire more and more, and
he urged the importance of encouraging
the art more extensively at schools, and
the Association rendering any educational
assistance in its power.

Mr. Morris (expert and schoolmaster,
Alvaston) said he had already established
an apiary there, and bee-keeping was
being taught. Both he and his assistant
were thoroughly interested in the work.

Mr. Eaton (schoolmaster, Hatton), an
experienced bee-keeper, thought the object
was an excellent one, although his im-
pression was that many scholars were not
so fond of bees, as they were apt to think
the sting was no play tiling. However,
they had a number of bee-keepers who
were schoolrnasters, and there lay the
foundation for the future expansion of
the industry.

It was decided to hold a honey show
this year in conjunction with the Agri-
cultural Show, and arrangements were
being made to hold examinations of mem-
bers for expert certificates. Candidates
should forward their names early. There
will also be demonstrations on both days.

A resolution was passed protesting
against the increased price charged for
bee sugar, and that steps should be taken
to eliminate the hardship imposed, con-
tending that the price should not be in
excess of that for domestic use. — {Commu-
nicated.)

Kent Bee-Keepers' Association.

A Successful Lecture at Bexley.
An extremely instructive lecture was
given at the Freemantle Hall, Bexley, on
Thursday last (March 4) by Dr. C. Cour-
tenay Lord, of Orpington. The subject
of tlie lecture was " Some Wonders of Bee
Life," and was illustrated by a number of

140

«THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 18, 1920.

excellent lautern slides. In the unavoid-
able absence of Colonel Knowles-Stansfield,
C.B.E., of Baldwyns Park, Dr. J. Brander
pre^sided. The Chairman was supported
by Dr. Jackson Wolfe, chairman of the
district, under whose direction the details
had been arranged, also Mr. A. Dewey
and Mr. G. W. Judge, chairman and
secretary respectively of the Kent Bee-
keepers' Association.

The meeting was arranged with a view
of further encouraging the culture of bees
in the neighbourhood, and, judging from
the enthusiasm exhibited, there bids fair
to be a revival of interest taken in this
fascinating pursuit. The district is a
good one for bee-keeping, and it is no un-
common occurrence for individual hives
to yield upwards of 100 lbs. of honey in
a good season when properly managed.

The lecturer, after dealing with the life
history of the honey bee, briefly described
some of the most important organs of the
queen, worker and drone.

Illustrations were shown of the details
of the mouth and tongue parts, the eyes
and wings, revealing marvellous structures
highly specialised and beautifully adapted
to perform their respective functions.

Bee-keeping in Kent was well organised,
yet only the fringe of its resources had
been touched. At present there was only
one colony of bees to every 183 acres. It
had been computed that for every pound
of honey produced in this country 3 lbs.
were purchased abroad. The Association
was doing its best to remedy this state
of affairs.

At the conclusion of the lecture a num-
ber of questions were asked and answered,
after which Dr. Jackson Wolfe proposed a
hearty vote of thanks to. the lecturer,
which was accorded with acclamation.

Mr. A. Dewey moved a vote of thanks
to the Chairman of the meeting (Dr.
Brander). He also explained the aims
and objects of the Association and the
remarkable growth which had been
attained during the last few years. Bex-
ley is within the area of the Eltham
Branch, of which Mr. W. H. J. Prior,
Main Road, New Eltham, is the secre-
tary. Dr. Jackson Wolfe, of Claremont,
Bexley, had very kindly offered to give
anyone who needed information or advice
the benefit of his experience.

The Secretary of the Association, Mr.
G. W. Judge, stated for the benefit of
those who wished to commence bee-kee]i-
ing that nucleus colonies of bees could be
obtained during June and July at two
guineas each through the Restocking
Scheme being carried out by the Kent
Bee Development Committee. Full par-
ticulars could be obtained from him at
Barrowdene, Shepherd's Lane, Dartford,

or direct from the Agricultural Organiser,
Sessions House, Maidstone. In regard to
the supply of hives and other equipment,
these could be obtained from any of the
advertisers in " Bee- Craft," the Associa-
tion's official journal. The Bee Supplies
Association was constituted by the Kent
Bee-ikeepers' Association some years ago
to supply bee-keepers with their require-
ments. Their address is 36, High Street,
Dartford.

The rendering of the National Anthem
brought the meeting to a close. — (Com-
municated.)

Pembrokeshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

First Annual Meeting.

The first annual meeting of the Pem-
brokeshire Bee-keepers' Association was
held at the Agricultural Executive
Committee's Offices, Haverfordwest. Mr.
Frank Hayman, Uzmaston, was voted
to the chair^^ and was supported by
Mr. T. G. Lewis, J.P., CounciUor F.
D. Phillips, Mr. Thomas Mends, Rev.
Henry Morgan, B.A., Mrs. Annie James
(Little Milford), Mr. W. H. Owen, and
others.

The Hon. Secretary (Mr. D. Evans Bon-
vouni, Barham School, Trecwn) read the
following report on the progress of the
Association during the past year: —

" This report is unique as being the first
of a regularly constituted Bee-Keepers'
Association in the County of Pembroke-
shire. For some years the idea of form-
ing such an association was current, and
the matter crystallised into a ' live ' meet-
ing of bee-keepers early in February. An
executive council was elected, while in
March the rules and privileges were drawn
up. The Government Re-stocking Schema
was discussed, and it was felt that as the
County Council Bee Sub-Committee had
the matter in its hands, we had no option
but to agree with its decisions. The Rev.
H. Morgan, St. Brides, undertook the
working thereof, and sent out nuclei.
Prizes were offered for honey exhibits nt
Fishguard and Haverfordwest Horticul-
tural Shows with good results. ' Isle of
Wight ' disease, which has played havoc
with the stocks of late years, is still pre-
valent in many districts, but we have
strong hopes of eradicating this disease in
the very near future. Legislation 's
expected in this session of Parliament.
Local experts have been appointed for the
county, and are giving their services free.
An application has been tnade to the
County Council for a grant to enable the
Association to carry forward the good
work by lectures, pamphlets, and other
means."

The Chairman paid a high tribute to

March 18, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

141

the services rendered by Mr. Bonvonni in
connection with the formation of the Asso-
ciation, and congratulated him on the
splelidid progress that had been made. Mr.
Bonvonni had taken up the work with
real enthusiasm, and had given a valuable
impetus to . bee-keeping in the county.

Sir. Bonvonni was unanimously re-
appointed as lion, secretary, and the other
officials were also re-appointed.

An interesting feature of the meeting
was the exhibition of the Uxbridge W.B.C.
bee-hive, which 'was given by the Eev.
Henry Morgan, and as a result several new
users of this hive were secured.

A vote of thanks to the Chairman and
officials brought a successful meeting to a
close. — (Communicated .)

Guildford and District Bee-
Keepers' Association.

The preliminary meeting of the above
was held at the Guildhall, Gruildford, on
February 21. The Mayor (Mr. W. S.
Tavener) presided, and it was decided to
form the association, a provisional com-
mittee being elected to draw up rules for
submission to a meeting of members. This
committee lias duly met and the first meet-
ing of members will be held on Saturday,
March 20, at 3.15 p.m., at the Guildford
Institute and Library, to elect officers,
receive the rules suggested by the commit-
tee, and discuss future work an3 meetings.
Bee-keepers in the district, and also those
interested in bee-keeping, will be heartily
Tvejcomed. — '(Rev.) E. C. Pitt-Johnson,
hon. secretary.

Notts Bee-Keepers' Association.

.\NNUAL MEETING.

The 35th annual meeting of this Asso-
ciation was held in the Wesley Hall, Not-
tingham, on Saturday, February 28, Mr.
Wm. S. Ellis, of Hawksworth, presiding,
there being a large attendance of mem-
bers and friends, amongst whom were
representatives from the adjoining coun-
ties of Leicestershire and Derbyshire, also
Mr. C. Taborn, the horticultural organiser
for Notts, Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall, Mr.
J. Herrod-Hempsall, and others.

A satisfactory record of progress came
under review, it being reported as fol-
lows : — :

During this period we have enrolled 48
new members, and at the present time the
number of members who have paid their
subscription is higher than for the two
previous years, viz., 240. We are also
pleased to note that some few have in-
creased their subscription, to enable us
to meet the present high cost of every-
thing.

We welcome back those of our members
who have returned from the Forces, and

trust we shall see them active in the more
peaceful pursuit of bee-keeping, and lively
members of our Association.
• The balance-sheet, when carefully ex-
amined, will show that we have been able
to carry our finances through in a way
which we hoi^e will prove satisfactory. The
cash balance is small owing to the grant
made at the last annual meeting to the
Ee-stocking Committee, which we think
all will agree was money well expended,
as it has been of great value to the cause
of bee-keeping in this county.

The price of sugar came under review,
and it was stated that negotiations were
in progress between the Ministry of Food
and the Royal Commission. on Sugar Sup-
plies, with a view to its reduction in price
for the purpose of feeding bees.

Mr. Taborn stated that they wanted to
see four or five times as many bee-keepers
in Notts, for getting four or five times
as much fruit, etc., and tliat the County
Council had in mind the starting of
another re-stocking apiary for the produc-
tion of bees to this end. (Hear, hear.)

The Duchess of Portland was re-elected
president. The committee were re-elected,
with the addition of Messrs. W. Trinder,
Edwinstowe, and A. E. Goodlad, Mans-
field. Mr. G. Hayes was again appointed
secretary and treasurer, and he mentioned
that at next annual meeting he will have
completed a quarter of a century in ofiice,
and that he would then have to ask to be
allowed to retire. Mr. A. Riley was re-
elected auditor.

Mr. Riley reported that Mr. Pugh was
unable to be present owing to illness, and
it was requested that a letter be sent him
stating the meeting's regret at the cause
of his absence, and wishing him a speedy
recovery.

. An adjournment was made for tea, to
which a large company sat down.

A conference of bee-keepers and others
wa« held in the evening, when a very lucid,
instructive address on ' ' The best methods
of increase ' ' was given by Mr. W.
Hen'od-Hempsall. It was listened to with
rapt attention, and at its conclusion a
most enthusiastic vote of thanks was
accorded him. — (Communicated .)

South Staffordshire and District
Bee-Keepers' Association.

.VNNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting of the above took
place on the 6th inst. at Jesson's School,
Dudley, and was well attended. The
agenda, which provided for the passing
of the report and balance-sheet, election
of president, vice-presidents, officers and
committee, was carried through under the
chairmanship of Mr. E. H. Hipkins, J. P.
The following were unanimously elected

142

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 18, 1920-

by tlie members : — President, Mr. E.
Talbot Clayton; vice-presidents, Messrs.
Ed. Davis, J. T. Horner, General Hick-
man, M.P'., W. E. Pearson, E. H. Kip-
kins, and Jos, Price; secretary, Mr. J. W.
Walton, vice Mr. A. E. Taylor, resigned;
treasurer, Mr. C. C. Thompson; commit-
tee, Messrs. A. Cheshire, W. Hildreth,
E. C. Middleton, G. F. Stubbs, A. E.
Griffiths, C. Kobinson, Thos. Taylor,
A. E. Taylor, Walton (Wolverhampton),
Mrs. Thompson, Mrs. Sheldon, and Miss
Manley.

On conclusion of business the members^
adjourned to the Temple Cafe, where
they partook of tea nicely arranged for
them in the newly decorated dining-
room. After tea an interesting address
was given by Mr. J. Price, county expert,
who reported upon the progress of the bee
re-stocking scheme, etc. He was followed
by Mr. Middleton, who related what
passed at the recent conference of bee-
keepers in London relative to proposed
legislation for the prevention and spread
of bee diseases. The usual votes of
thanks ended a pleasant evening. — (Com-
municated.)

A Young Bee-Keeper's Letter.

[10143] Will you kindly send me the
book called "Bee-keeping Simplified," as
I'm anxious to learn all about bees and
their ways? My daddy gave me a small
hive last year, and I want them to have
plenty of honey this year, so I can
sell it and have the money to give my
mother to buy some new teeth. I hope
you will not Laugh, but she wants them
very bad. To-day I found a new-born
drone bee outs'ide my hive on the alight-
ing board. Don't you think they are
' early? I would like this little letter put
in the British Bee Journal if you think
it's nice enoi;gh. My daddy has it every
I week, and I do enjoy reading ahout " The
Little Bee," by E. F. Hemming. I know
you will be sorry to hear I'm a little
cripple. I've beeij under two operations,
but I shall never be like other little boys ;
but I don't mind much, for I'm very fond
of woodwork, drawing, and making ships
and other things, and I mean to look well
after my bees, and hope to be a help to
my mother and father later on. — ^Cyril
T. W. Toms, Devonport (age 12 years")

[It gives us great pleasure to print the
above letter, and we are sure that, far
from laughing at it, everyone will wish
our young friend a most successful sea-

son, with a bountiful Harvest of honey.
It is early in the year to find a drone,
but as the weather has been so mild the
last few weeks bees will be very forward,
especially in the south-west of the coain-
try.— Eds.]

Early Pollen.

[10144] In reply to H. F. Swann
(10135), February 19, re early -pollen, I
think I can beat his bees easily. On De-
cember 15 the bees in two of my hives were
carry-ng in pollen ; had I watched longer
it is possible that pollen would have been
noticed on the legs of bees entering my
other hives.

I would like to say, in passing, what
very interesting reading friend Kettle's
articles make; but they are not always
altogether bee articles. I think I also
read an enthusiastic once-upon-a-time
gardener, and one can forgive him for
allowing his enthusiasm for gardening, to
lead his thoughts away from bees occa-
sionally.— H. "Ward.

[Mr. Kettle is not by any means'a once-
upon-a-timer, but an enthusiastic present-
time gardener.— Eds.]

Various Queries.

[9902] As long ago as 1894 I wrote to
The British Bee Journal, and asked to
be informed of the name of the inventor
of the honey-extractor. The reply was :
" The honey-extractor, as the machine is
now known to bee-keepers in this country,
is described in The British Bee Journal
of May 1, 1874. The original invention
was, however, due to Major von Hruschka,
an officer in the Italian army." The Rev. -
Mr. Digges, in his Guide, says the name
was de Hruschka, an Italian, and the
A. B.C. says it was Major D. Hruschka,
of Venice.

As I am writing something about bees,
I should be greatly obliged if you would
reply (in next week's issue, if con-
venient) to the following queries: —

1. The name of the original inventor of
the honey-extractor, with date?

2. If the humming and other sounds of
bees are caused solely by their wings?
(Is the buzz that bees make on a hive
being jarred the result of wing-move-
ment?)

3. Is the sting of a wasp barbed, or' is
it able to withdraw it easily? — A. Canning
Williams, Hon. Sec, Edinburgh Bee-
keepers' Association.

l^EPLY. — 1. The correct designation is
Major von Hruschka, a retired Austrian

March 18, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

143

officer, who was residing at Dolo, near
Venice. He invented the extractor in
1865, and introduced and described his
invention at the Conference of Bee-
keepers held at Briinn in that year. 2.
The buzzing is produced by the wings, and
the humming by the spiracles as described
in " The Honey Bee," by T. W. Cowan,
page 85. 3. The sting of the wasp is
barbed-, but the barbs are so fine that, un-
like those of the honey bee, they do not
prevent the withdrawal of the sting.

The "Acid Test" of Honey.

[9^03] In Section 10 of his classic
work M. Maeterlinck says that the bees
inject a drop of formic acid into each cell
of honey before sealing it over. Some
editions of the book have a note " prov-
ing " this to be incorrect; but the fifty-
ninth thousand edition, the latest, omits
the note. Is it because there has been
evidence to corroborate the author?

It is a point of intense interest, and it
appears to me that the only conclusive
proof lies in the comparative analysis of
honey unsealed and sealed. The latter
contains the minute quantity of .1 per
cent, of acids.

Can you tell me (a) what other acids,
besides formic acid, honey contains? and
(b) whether any experiments have been
made to preserve foods with formic acid?
and (c) what is the percentage of acid in
unsealed and sealed honey? — Edgar W.
Dempster.

Reply. — It was formerly suggested that
as formic acid was found in honey, a
drop was injected into the cell before
sealing, but it has been demonstrated by
A. Caillas that through secretions pro-
duced from the blood the indispensable
formic acid is incorporated in the honey.
The ^quantity of formic acid in honey,
sealed or unsealed, is 0.14 per cent. A
minute quantity of phosphoric acid is also
found in honey, and M. Caillas gives it
as an average of 125 mmg. per cent. We
do not know what experiments have been
made to preserve foods with formic acid.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER

than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for

insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

' ■

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

SELL COWAN EXTRACTOR, geared and rever-
sible cages, price £4 10s.; approval; deposit.—
Box 68, B.B.J. Office, 23., Bedford Street, W.C.2.

C.15

WANTED, Hone,v Ripener with strainer and
tap, perfect condition, for small apiary.—
SCOTT, Temple House, Kennington, As^hford,
Kent. C.57

OWING to considerable reduction in my stocks
I have a large variety of healthy bee goods
for disposal, moetly for W.B.C. hives. Send for
list.— DELL'S, County Apiaries, Leigh, Lance. '

r.c.58

FINE Light Honey, granulated, 28-lb. tins, £2
per tin; tins and case free; sample 6d.; car-
riage forward.— WELLS, Bowers Lane, Isleham,
Cambs. c.59

TWO STOCKS Hybrids, healthy, strong, one
Erame Hive with roof and legs, one without,
one Swarm Box, one Excluder, two Crates, 50
Sections, eight Frames, i lb. Brood, 1 lb. Super
Foundation; £11 to clear.- JOYCE, Park View,
Farnborough, Hants. c.60

FOR SALE, three strong Stocks of Hybrid
Italians, in bar frame hives, and in splendid
condition, £15 the lot.— MANAGER, King's
Arms Hotel, Hemel Hempstead, Herts. c.61

PURCHASERS may select Colonies from an
apiary which has never known disease. Win-
tered chiefly on honey. Now very strong. Must
be called for. Four colonies for disposal at £4
each, including combs. Appointment.— Ivy Bridge,
Chislehurst. c.62

WANTED, Extractor, geared; also Ripener,
good condition.—" BEES," Mill Cottage,
Bell Hill, Billericay. c.65

FOR SALE, W.B.C. Hives, large and small,
rapid feeders, excluders, new unused honey
boxes to hold 3 doz.— Particulars, GEORGE. Oak
Drive, Oswestry. c.64

FOUR HIVES for Sale, no disease; 50s. the
lot.— 5, Strafford Road, Twickenham. c.65

FOR SALE, two good Stocks Italian Hybrids,
ten frames each, two 1919 Queens; two Taylor
hives, four-section racks, two wire Queen ex-
cluders. Porter's escape board, smoker, SO sections;
everything in good condition; £12.— PINDER,
Barnsdale, Kings Road, Walton-on-Thames. c.66

WANTED, Beekeeper, with practical working
experience of nuclei and general bee work,
as Assistant, lady preferred. Also vacancy for
Pupil. Easy terms.— Write C. H., c/o J. W.
VICKERS & CO., LTD., 5, Nicholas Lane,
E.C.4. c^

AR Werth Gwenyn Italiad Cymraeg, Haidau,
Nuclei, Brenhinesau, Mai a Mehefiu
Gwarediad : Cymhwysiadau a Cwchiau.—
BOOBIER, Valley Bee Farm, Bishopston, Swan-
sea. c^

FOR SALE, one strong Stock of Bees, in skep,
£4 lOs.; also stock on six frames, £4.—
NEAME, Popley, Hants. C-69

GUN, 12 bore, hammer, by Stephen Grant; will
exchange for five stocks of bees, most be on
six frames.— Box 72, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford
Street, W.C.2^ ^

SEVEN strong Stocks of Bees, on eight to ten
standard frames; price £3.-H. CRAFER
Gisleham, Lowestoft. ^-"-^

SEVER \L splendid Stocks, on ten frames, 1919
Penna Queens, April delivery. Stamp reply.
—NEWELL, 95, Reginald Street, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Extractor, not geared, for brood
and super frames.— POWELL, Drellingore,
Folkestone. ^■'^^

ASTVMPED addressed envelope will bring you
a free sample of Flavine, Testimonials, Cir-
cular, etc.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway,
Cambridge. ^^-"^^

CAUCASIANS, Carniolans, Queens, three of each
wanted, pure inxported, in June. Deposit B.J.
— H. CLEAVER, 8. Northcote Street. Leamington
Spa.

144

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 18, 1920.

PURE Light English Honey, £8 cwt. ; sample 3d.
—BUTTON, Castle Camps, Cambridge, r.c.25

FOR SALE, two 12-frame Hives, new, thiree
10-frame Hives, new, and one old 12-frame
Hive, Taylor's new 6-fxame Swarm Catcher, Honey
Press, 40 Standard Frames; lot £12, or best offer.
Overstocked.— T. GREEN, New Dale, Wellington,
Salop. c.2y

ITALIAN BEES, 12 lots, headed by Peima's
imported Queens,- 4 frames, 63s.; 6 frames, 909.;
delivery June; carriage paid.— ENNEVER, Oak
Avenue, Enfield. c.36

BEES FOR SALE, strong and healthy, five bar
hives, and three straw skeps.— HIRD, Church
Terraee, Inverurie, Aberdeenshire. ■ c.37

i O GUARANTEED healthy Hybrid Italian
J-^J Stocks, Penna strain, £5 each.— J. YOUNGER,
6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. c.38

WANTED, by the Northumberland B.K.A..
Expert, April-August, 1920, .to work tho re-
stocking scheme.— State qualifications and salary
required to MAJOR SITWELL, Ord Hill, Berwick-
on-Tweed. c.39

i ST CLASS EXPERT (Lady), having large expe-
JL rience, seeks post of establishing or running
an Apiary.— Box 71, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford
iStreet, \V.C.2. c.47

PLANT "Willow Herb" for your bees; useful
and ornamental; 12 roots, 2s.— BO WEN, Pitt-
ville Street, Cheltenham. r.c.6

PURE Light Cambridge Honey, 14-lb. tins.
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. tins, 42s., carriage paid;
sample 4d.; tins free.— J. YOUNGER, 6, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. r.c.9

FOR SALE, large quantity of Appliances, includ-
ing 6-frame reversible Greared Extractor in
good condition, nearly new Dadant New Wax Press,
Honey Ripeners, Nucleus Hives, Travelling Boxes,
both swarms and frames, large number of Section
Racks, including single walled, Lee's pattern,
Burgess double walled, and W.B.C. hanging
frames. Shallow IFtame IBoxes, etc., quantity new
Frames, Sections, Metal Ends, Honey Jars, Glass
for glazing, iSmokers, etc.— May be viewed by
appointment, or particulars from " S.," Avenue
House, Finchley Lane, Hendon. Stamp for reply.

C.14

BEE-KEEPER wanted to take charge of Apiary
at Billingshurst, Sussex.— GORDON, ^, Lewes
Crescent, Brighton. c.34

CORRESPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING, Golden Square. Hen-
field, Sussex. r.a.54

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.- Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.- HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lis., post
free; one Wood Milne Motor Foot Pump, 46s.,
carriage free.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

BUSINESS ADVEI^TISEMENTS.

l^d. per word.

FLAVINE CANDY.— 6 lbs. for 10s., ipost paid.
No certificates needed.— S. H. SMITH, 50,
Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. c.76

ALBERT HOPKINS, Specialist Breeder and
Importer of best strains of Italian Bees, is
booking orders for his guaranteed perfectly
healthy and reliable Stocks and Nuclei, which,
being well' established, quickly become profitable
colonies. Prices fitrif^tlv moderate. List on atw'i-
cation. Many testimcalals and repeat ordere.
23 years' practical apicuitural experience.- Wood-
land Valley Apiary, Lyminge, Folkestone. c.76

ITALIANS.— Queens, 5s. Book now. Stamp.—
-HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup. r.c.77

FEW more Nuclei, also Swarms, from disease-
resisting strain. Orders now booked for
early delivery. — CHEESMUR, Forest Apiary,
Worth, Sussex. c.78

FOR SALE, Swarms, Hybrid Italians. Orders
executed in strict rotation.- KAYE, Kilderry,
Hatfield Peverel, Essex. c.79

HAVE YOU WINTERED lOO PER CENT.?
If not, your strain must be wrong. Booking
orders now for delivery June onwards. Hardy,
disease-resisting, home-reared Italians; eplendid
honey gatiherers. Three-frame Nuclei, 1920 Queen,
price £3 5s., carriage 7paid; 7s. 6d. refunded on box
if returned carriage paid, Saxilby Station.
Terms : Cash with order.— HERBERT VALLEY,
Apiarist, Saxilby, Lincoln. r.c.80

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3 frames crowded with
sealed brood, 1920 Queen, early delivery, £3 39.,
carriage paid; box 10s., retumable. Cash witii
order. Complete satisfaction guaranteed or money
returned.— E. H. TUNMER, " Chalfonts," Leiston,
Suffolk. r.c.81

FOR SALE, W.B.C. Hives, standard size, made
of American pine, complete without erection,
painted three coats, 50s. each.— L. FULLER, 218,
Brighton Road, Croydon. c.82

THREE-BANDED ITALIANS.— Real Producers.
We can still book orders for 3-frame Nuclei,
Bees, Brood, and 1920 Queens, delivery May, 50s.
Safe delivery guaranteed, or money returned. We
have received numerou>3' letters from our customers
expressing their satisfaction with nuclei and
queens sent them during 1919. Lists sent on
receipt of stamped, addressed envelope.— FREE-
MAN & BROS., Hillside Apiaries, Ipswich, c.83

DON'T BUY BEES until you have seen our
prices and guarantee. You risk nothing, as
we return money in full if bees fail to give com-
plete satisfaction. Catalogue 3d., which is
refunded on first order.— PEARiSON & GALE,
Marlborough. c.84

NUCLEI from pure imported Italian Stock.—
Four frames. May £2 12is. 6d., June £2 7,s. 6d.,
July £2 2s. 6d.; 3 frames, iMay £2 5s., June £2,
July £1 155., carriage paid; also Virgin • and
fertile Queens and Stocks for Sale.— DAVIDSON,
Forest Road, Burton-on-Trent. c.85

BEES FOR SALE.— Several small Stocks, on six
combs, of honey fed, healthy Bees, £3 10s.
each; travelling box lOs., refunded if box returned
in sound condition within seven days. Stamp for
reply.- REED. Primrose House, Heacham, King's
Lynn. r.b.30

DUTCH BEES, Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthes), Nuclei, Queens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.—Buy direct from Sole Agent, WHYTE, Bee
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire. b^

PENNA strain Italian Queens, from June 7.—
ASHWORTH, The Bungalow, Weymout.h
Street, Warminster. c-52

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS AND NUCLEI.-Can
accept fow more orders. This strain is second
to none, hardy, good disease resisters, very pro-
lific, splendid honey gatherers, comb builders, little
given to swarming, quiet to handle. June 3-frame
Nuclei, £2 15s.; 4-frame, £3 5s.; well covered with
bees and brood; 1920 pure fertile Italian Queens,
June- July 9s. 6d., August-September 7s. 6d.;
Virgins, 4s. 6d.; few hybrid natural Swarms, £2 5s.;
safe delivery; carriage paid; cash with order;
.satisfaction guaranteed. - BARTLETT. Bee
Specialist, Crowthorne, Berks. c.21

[The above advertiser and adveritisement are not
in any way connected with Mr. C. B. Bartlett,
Wituey, Oxon.]

March 18, 1920. IHE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

3 -FRAME NUCLEI, 45s.; 4-frame, 55s.; boxes
7s. 6d., returnable. Queens, June 10s., August
7s. 6d. Cash with, order. All guaranteed healthy.
Over 30 years' experience.— G. SAWYER, Marlow,
Bucks. C.55

"V^EW-ENGLAND-BRED ITALIAN QUEENS.-

l.y Untested laying Queens, ready Jiine 1, 10s.,
delivery guaranteed; 6s. at purchaser's risk. Eng-
lish money accepted by registered mail.— ALLEN
LATHAM, Xorwichtown, Conn., U.S.

STOCKS, native and liybrid Bees. £4 each;
Swarms, £2; Nuclei, £1 18s.; Hybrid, £2 2s.;
pure Italiaji, £3; Queens 10s. 6d. each, carriage
paid.— S. CRAWFORD, Apiaries, Castlederg, Co.
Tyrone. r.c.l7

STRONG ITALIAN STOCKS on 7 frames with
1920 Penna Queens, ready June, £5; travelling
box 10s. extra, returnable; strong 3-frame Nuclei
with 1920 Queens, £3; boxes 7s. 6d. extra, return-
able. Cash with order, or quarter amount deposit.
Italian Queens, home mated, 12s.; Virgins, 5s. 6d.;
booked; ready May onwards. Pupils taken.— MISS
PALING, Golden Square, Henfield, Sussex, r.c.23

ITALIAN NUCLEI from 50s., Fertile Queen from
7s. 6d., Virgins from 3s. 6d., 8-framc Stocks £4.
Warranted healthy. Particulars stamp. — WATTS,
Conway Cottage, Newtown, Parkstone, Dorset.

r.b.93

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3-frame. Penna's 1920
Que-ens (guaranteed), 63s.; Hybrids, Penna's
and Simmins' Special, early delivery, 503., car-
riage paid; box returnable. Orders (cash) strict
rotation.— MOORE, 31, Monmouth Road, Dor-
chester, r.c.l

WATERPROOF RUBBER SHEETS for cover-
ing outhouses, etc., 72in. by 36in., brass,
eyelets, 12 for 20s.— SAGARS STORES, Ardwick,
Manchester. b.l6

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— OfBces : THE APIS CLUB.
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy. Price list
for 1920 on application.— Address, E. PENNA,
Bologna, Italy. w.39

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W.

HERROD-HESEPSAIJ., 23, Bedford
Street. Strand. Ijondon. W.C.2.

Pure Italian Nuclei

Owing to the extra demand, I beg to
announce that I have made arrangements to
extend my apiary, and hope to be able to
meet all orders for 1920 in good time. The
Queen to be mother of my 1920 Queens !.<
the daughter (raised in August, 1919) of a
three -year-old Queen who filled 30 shallow-
frames solid with brood (besides several
standards) when in her third year, giving
over 200 lbs. surplus, and has never
swarmed ! !

My drone parent is Queen of a stock
which has never swarmed in her three years,
and to which I never use a smoker.

Price List post free from

Claridge, Copford Apiary, Colchester

Send for

Bee-Keepers
Wake Up !

You can make a
Big Profit if you
use rigiit up-to-
date Appliances,
including the
Manley Hive.
MEADOWS,
Syston, Leicester.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The

'Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —

VvINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON, E.C.2.

ii

RACTERO!

'^ FOR BEES *-•

2/6 per- "^ottle.

99 The cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight " Disease.
Non-poisonous — free from stain
or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES. LTD.

Post Free. 39, Farringdon Road. London, E C 1.

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire

IV

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 18, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

^'Everything for an Apiary,"
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

nnnnnnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn^

CDe metal Tounaation

(Protected)

u
n
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u

Durable ^ Economic ^ Sterilisable XX

The latest

invention in Scientific hive
equipment.

An Ideal compromise between the Metal
Comb and the Wax Foundation.

n
u
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For further details and prices, send for
our 1920 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE, post free on application. It con-
tains detailed information on the most J^l.
up-tO'date hives and appliances for which W
the House of Lee is famous. W

*:):* Five per cent discount to Members of )~f
THE APIS CLUB. Q

n
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n

LTD., ^

Uxbridge, Middlesex,

JAMES LEE & SON,

(Telegrams : Graphicly, Uxbridge.

Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

n

nnnnnnunnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnunnnnnnnnnn
S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured*
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17X 14X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

THE APIARY, BROMLRY, KENT,

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

Commercial (JO' x 10') frames and brood boxes stocked.

Printed by the Avknue Press (L. Upcoti Gill & Son, Ltd). 55-57, Drcry Lane, London, W.C. and

Published foe the Proprietor (W. Herrod-Hbmpsall), by Simpkin, Marshall, Hauiltom.

Euii k Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, PiTiKNOBTEE Row. £.C.

British Bee Journal and Bee-eekperb' Adviser, March 25, 1920.

APR 2 0 1920

;y,HsS

^SKi^SL

ce-JT^ccpcrs
Adviser.

tCV\^ckly Journal Devoted to
Interests oj

e-Keepers.

No. 1970. Vol. XL VII I

MARCH 25, 1920.

iPubliahed everv Thursday, Prica Sd.

coi«rrE::Nrx's.

British Bee-keepers' Association

A Dorset Yarn

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

A Dav's Tour with a Bbe Expert . . .

Runcorn Notes

Notes from Gretna Green

Petersfield Boys' School Bee Club .
Bee Disease Legislation in Canada . . .
Association News —

'.Monmouthshire B.K.A

Salisbury B.K.A

Leicestershire and Rutlandj B.K.A.

Guildford B.K.A

145
145
146
147
148
148
148
150

151
151
151
152

Weather Report 152

Correspondence—

An Aged Bee-keeper'S Request 152

Snake Eating Bees 152

Flowers Visited by Bees 153

Early Pollen 153

Bee Skeps and How to Make Them 153

The Hive Bees Working on Rhododendjons 154

Starting Bee-keeping 154

New Use for Bee's Sting 154

Price of Hive© of Bees 154

Killing of Ants 154

Notices to Correspondents 165

ALUMINIUM DBAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYGOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 t/ears.

This is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exactly as bees
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with wax,
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey sayed to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send for Catalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Catalogue post free.

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO , of U.S.A.
Sole Manufacturer and Licensee:

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

li THE BRITISH BEE JOtTRyAL. March 25, 1920.

Dont Order "IV, 5/ Queens until you have seen the
'' Queenland* Revised List for 1920. Sjd. post free

NUCLEUS STOCKS-Same Price as 1919.

The only Pedigree Bee -Stock Registered in direct line for more

than 25 years.

" AMALGA " is the name of our Queen breeding mother for 1920
" ALTA" is the name of our Drone parent for 1920.

PRODUCE OF ONE NUCLEUS
REALISES OVER £40 IN CASH.
" The three-frame nucleus I purchased
from you had increased last autumn to
two strong stocks. I supered one on
April 23rd of this year, and the other a
few days later. I sold two swarms, and
made up the others to five stocks. Of
these I also sold three stocks. The
original lot gave 198 lbs. of honey, and
in all I have taken 365 lbs. My ealeB
amounted to over £41 in actual cash."

\ fMiSS) H. G. MOYSET.

Somerset, Oct. 9th, 1918.

EXCEEDS 500 PER CENT. INTEREST.

"^ We have now 12 stocks to winter,
besides selling one, out of the two three-
frame nuclei supplied June 20th la«t year."
(August 15th, 1917). Miss B. D.

Quainton, Bucks.

THREE TO SEVENTEEN.

*' It may interest you to know that the
three stocks to which I introduced your
queens (the only stocks saved in the
apiary) in 1916, produced in all 17 stocks,
and a good surplus in honey in 1917 ; this
under the care of my wife who knew
nothing about beee. I simply directed
her as to management from there
(France)." Oliver G. Pike.

April 9th, 1918.

FIRST AND BEST.

" Your White Star strain was the first
to enter the sections, and all the honey I
got was from them." G. H. S.

Heddon House Dairy.

APRIL 19th.— BOILING OVER.

*' The hive is simply boiling over with
\V. S. bees. They are at work when my
other stocks are idling, and they are
stronger than any of my other stocks."

Aberdare, Wales. E. T. W.

ARE THE W.S. PROLIFIC?

" In 1904 I got a W.S. queen from you,
and last year (1905) by the first week in
June she had brood in twenty-five stan-
dard frames." J. H.

Higher Kinnerton, Chester.

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NUCLEUS DELIVERED IN JUNE;
40 FRAMES BY AUGUST.

" The three-frame nucleus of bees now
occupy 40 Standard Frames. They have
exceeded beyond anything I believed pos-
sible. I have never had anything like
them before, and if the other queens on
order turn out the same I consider my
fortune made." John Jones.

Llancarfan, Aug. 21st, 1918.

SEVERAL STOCKS FROM ONE

NUCLEUS.
"It seems almost ridiculous that this
nucleus of the previous season (Aug.),
before I was prepared for it, swarmed in
April, and I now have several stocks from
that investment." J. W. MoKat.

Croydon.

EIGHT STOCKS FROM ONE W.S.

NUCLEUS.
" I now have eight stocks from the one
nucleus you supplied last year."

J. Jovu.
Llancarfan, May, 1919.

BEST IN THE COUNTY— NEVER
SAW THE LIKE !
" May 26th. — The two queens yea sent
me have exceeded anything that I ever
thought of. The stock chambers are full
and crammed with brood, and all three
supers crowded with bees ; but even with
this tlie bees are boiling over. I have not
fed them at all, and have removed several
frames of brood for another lot. The
County Expert called yesterday, and said
he had never seen such beee, and they
were certainly the beet in Hampshire."
D. D. P.

NO SPRING-FEEDING, BUT AGAIN
FIRST.
"The W.S. bees on eleven 16 x 10
framed were full and boiling over at the
middle of May. and were the first to enter
supers out of 23 stocks : and last, but not
least, they required no spring feeding."

u. w.

Arnold, Notts.

Revised 1920 <'WhitP star" List, 3^(1.) of 8. SIMMINS, Queenland, Keathllsld, Sussex.

March 25, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

145

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

May we remind our readers that the
Annual General Meeting will be held next
Thursday, April 1, at the Central Hall,
Westminster, to commence at 2 p.m.,
when the minutes of the last annual
general meeting will be read, the report
and balance sheet for 1919 received, and
council and officers elected for the ensu-
ing year."

A conversazione will follow, when a lec-
ture on " Bee Diseases " is to be given
by Major O. C. Lord, at 3 p.m. A lecture
on, "'Queen Rearing, and Introduction,
and Increase," will be given by Mr. W.
Herrod-Hempsall at 4.30, followed by a
discussion. The secretary will be pleased
to receive objects of interest for exhibition,
and it is hoped that members will bring
as many friends as possible to the conver-
sazione. Ladies are specially invited.

Tea will be provided for members and
friends at 4 p.m. A collection to defray
expenses will be taken at the table. This
is a new departure, but the cost of a free
tea is rather more than the funds of the
Assocation can bear, the Council there-
fore decided to adopt this plan rather
than di'op the tea, which is such an enjoy-
able social function.

The nearest station to the Central Hall
is Westminster, District Railway.

A Dorset Yarn.

"* After several days of cold winds, it
changes to soft, southerly breezes and
warm days. Our bees were out in the
fields by 7 a.m. on the 17th, The willows
in the hedgerows were teeming with them.
What a wealth of nectar there is in them
just now — all of them sticky with it.
Charlock in flower among the turnips and
swedes, plants that have not been killed
by frost, all well ujj above the tops, as
high as the sheep hurdles. Bees are
having a wonderfvil time. When the
warm days are with us the cells are being
repaired and lengthened; the new honey
can be seen to shine in those that
are being built on the tops of bars
(between the shallow strips that cover the
bars beneath the quilts). Yesterday (the
20th) they liad a real field day among the
pears, plums and peaches. Plums have so
many flowers, even if the food from each
is small the many thousands of flowers

must yield a lot from each tree. Ribes
sanguinea, the red-flowering currant of
North America, has a lot of them, but
there are more to be seen on the laurus-
tinus, which are growing side by side,
making hedgerows by the side of cottage
gardens. Bees may well hum their
loudest, for the time of flowers is come;
plenty abounds everywhere. Very few of
them are on our wild flowers. The " wee
red-ftipped daisies/ ' ' are open in >thou-
sands. Only a few go to them, though
speedwell blooms on the sunny banks and
the small celandine opens its golden
flowers, very few bees are near them; but
overhead is a charm of them among the
wild plums and willows. A meadow of
wild daffodils close to our bees has but a
few bees on them, though the field looks
real yellow from a distance. All proves to
me that scent is the greatest allurement for
bees. The male flowers of willows are the
gayest, but just as many bees are on the
female trees. On the plums and pears
they seem to be searching for neCtar, as
they treat the anthers very roughly, and
the movements of the abdomen are as is
seen in drinking. The smell of pkun-
blossom is something like the hawthorn,
an aminoid scent which, according to
Kerner, is composed of " hydrogen, atoms
of ammonia, and alcohol." The odour of
pears is very pleasing; if one could only
get some of the honey from these blos-
soms I should assume it would be very
nice tasting, but all of it seems to be
used for feeding brood.

Some of the very dry pollen has to be
moistened with nectar before it is in a
fit state to be moulded on the pollen-
baskets; that is why I have often thought
that there was nectar on staminiferous
flowers of willow, but I have never seen
it authentically stated. They could easily
moisten it with nectar already stored in
the honey-sac as they go from the female
flowers; but in perfect flowers, like the
plum and pear, where both male and
female organs are in one calyx, the bee
can easily moisten the pollen with nectar
from the same flower. In newly open
flowers of pears the pollen is quite moist
of itself, but it soon dries as the flower
ages, and if not gathered by bees it is
blown away by wind. This is easily seen
these bright, sunny days as they opi^ii.
As one tills the soil year by year one sees
so many little things one cannot help but
state some of them, as they seem to show
the wondrous works of God. Milton
wrote : " The light we have gained was
given us, not to be for ever staring on,
but by it to discover onward things more
remote from our own knowledge."
" Every man's business, whatever it is,
becomes a liberal education to him just
as soon and just as fast as he lives, not

146

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 25, 1920.

in its methods, but in its principles." So
through life we live our simple lives, just
observing and storing in our minds things
that we see around us. — J. J. Kettle..

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

FOR JUVENILE READERS.

" Rested, little bee? " I asked next
morning as I opened her box.

" I'm not so tired, sir, thank you; but
I'm not feeling very well," she replied.

'■ How is that? "

" Well, I'm afraid that I cannot stay
much longer. I should really like to sleep
right away before the winter comes."

" My dear Apis, don't be so despon-
dent," I said. " Come, let's j)l>ay at con-
fidences."

' She brightened up and said, " Confi-
dences; what be they? "

" They're simple enougJi, dear. You
just answer a number of questions that
are printed down. Shall I start? I see
the first question is, What is yowr name? "
Apis Mellifica.

What is your favourite colour? — Blue.

Your favourite flowers? — Fruit blossoms,
borage, sainfoin, clover, anchusa, box
blossom, willow herb, ■ Limnanthes, black-
berry, mustard, and heather.

Yaur favourite holiday resort? — Any-
where south.

Your favourite painters? — Italian
painters, of course.

" Hush! Don't be rude."

Your favourite authors? — Wood, White,
and Nutt (because they first taught men a
■ better way than stuffing us into skeps),
Ellison, Hawks, Cowan, Herrod-HempsalJ,
and Sladen.

Your favourite names?— Apia, Melvis,
Queenie, Nectaria, and Poll,. ,.

Your pet aversions? — Careless men,
disease, and cold summers.

Your favourite winter pastime? — Fox
and hounds.

Your favourite summer pastime ? — •
Chasing larks and goats.

Your favourite instruments of music? — •
Church bells.

Your favourite composers? — Those who
compose themselves when examining hives.

If not yourself, who would you like to
he? — A Dutch queen; she gets plenty of
change.

" Now for the last question : Any re-
marks you would like to make with refer-
once to any of the above? "

" Yos, sir; I should like to say more
about question three. "

" Fire away."

" Well, although we bees have favourite
flowers, there are lots we like besides. In
early spring, crocuses, broom, arabis, lau-
rustinus, ozier, and hazel flowers, to say
nothing of flowering currants, blackthorn,

willows, coltsfoot, dandelions, elm blossom,
and box. Later on we love the sycamore,
the chestnut, the gooseberry, and almost
every flower growing in meadows — with
"beans, peas, tares, and flax in the fields.
Summer, we look for lime, mustard, and
white clover. Late summer and early
autumn, hardheads, red clover, and black-
berry blossom; while still later we look to
autumn raspberries, heather, and ivy
flowers. In winter, jasmine, Christmas
rose, aconite, and snowdrops."

" Goodness, Apis, what a list! "

"Yes; but it's not exhausted, for we
peep at your garden flowers. But I won't
name all those."

" No, don't. Now answer me a lot of
questions quickly. How do you make
wax? "

" It's rather a wonderful progess. .We
hang ourselves in festoons, and under our
abdomen there are eight wax pockets. As
we hang in solemn silence, tiny scales are
pushed forth from these wax pockets, and
with the pincers on our hind legs we take
hold of these scales of wax and pass them
to our front legs and on to our mouths.
In our mouths we have to chew the wax
and soften it and make it quite pliable,
and then it is placed in its required posi-
tion. We leave it to the architects to
shape it and hollow it, you know."

" How wonderful! You mentioned
legs; I see you have six. What do you
call that pai't of the body your legs are
fastened to, also your wings? "

" The thorax, sir."

"Thanks. And what are. those things
by the side of your mouth, or I should
say above your mouth? "

" Oh, those are the antennae, or feelers.
We talk to each other, we smell, we hear,
we feel with those; and what is more, by
their use we are able to work in the dark."

" How surprising I Then, don't you use
your tongue when you want to talk? "

" No; we need that to suck up and
spoon up the nectar from flowers. You
see, our tongue is covered with hairs, so
that we clean up all the nectar in a
flower. Then we have jaws which can bite
through a flower which hides its honey out
of reach of our tongue."

" Wonderful again! Now tell me, does
the nectar you collect pass through any
changes before you store it in combs? "

" Yes. When we have our honey-sac
full, the nectar, as we are flying home, is
strained to separate it from the pollen.
Then we add some juices to it. If we
dicfci't do that it wouldn't be fit for you
to eat."

"How interesting! But, Apis dear,
I've seen bees settle on flowers, quite close
to their hive and fill their sacs. Have
they time to strain and prepare the honey
in so short a flight? "

March 25, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

147

tiny tubes
We sing

Hemming.
the pen or

" No, simple man. Kext time you
watch what Ave do, just notice that if a
bee fills up with nectar close home she flies
about for a few seconds, and even if she
landed on the alighting board and tried to
enter with unstrained honey, she would
be stopped at the door and would have to
crawl about for a little time, or take
another short flight, to give time for the
straining and mixing to take place.
Haven't you noticed that? "
" Yes."

" Then why did you ask me? "
"To make siire. Now don't be cross.
You know, when a little lady says a thing
we know it's right. Now one more ques-
tion : How do you breathe? "
" Through our spiracles."
" Through what? "
" Spiracles — little holes or
distributed over our bodies
through them, too."

" Thanks. I thought to have finished
this time, bvit I fear I shall have to trouble
3'ou once more. Apis darling. Then I will
let vou sleep. Bye-bve ! "

E. F
P.S. — Owing to a slip of
printer's error, last week, drones' eggs
were said to be 34 days developing into
drones. Tbe figure should be 24. Three
people have already called my attention
to this. I am glad our readers are so
well informed. — E. F. H.

A Day's Tour with a Bee
Expert.

The object of this article is to describe
the impressions gathered by a novice
when seeing for the first time the various
ways in which l)ees are kept.

On a hot day in July we started up the
valley to visit a number of the subscribers
to the local Association. A motor bicycle
and a sidecar was our means of transport,
and we had a round of nearly 100 miles
and some lo bee-keepers to visit before
evening.

Our first visit was most interesting, not
because of the bees, but because of our
reception. This member was a ladj-
liaving only one hive. We were re-
ceived by her stem parent, 'who in-
formed us that his daughter was in.
and would be with us shortly, but
that in the meantime we were, on no
account, to go near the hive. After wait-
ing impatiently for xiearly 20 minutes, the
lady, having put on her garden party
frock, hailed us with delight, and said
how glad she was we had corne, as she
was so interested in bees.

She explained at tedious length how so-
and-so advised her to do this, and so-and-
so to do that, but that she had quite made

up her mind that they were all wrong,
and that the right thing to do was to leave
the bees to Nature. The expert's query
as to whether she thought the same idea
should be applied to all domesticated
stock only drew the reply that she had
been advised that the new-fangled ideas
must be wrong, because they interfered
with the bee's nature. She did not want
her hive examined ; she assumed it was
all right except that the bees had not
yielded her any surplus. After wasting
nearly an hour of precious time we
escaped from this dreadful example of
wilful ignorance.

The next visit was to a small farm
where a number of hives were kept by one
of the sons, a soldier invalided from the
war. Again hailed with delight, but with
a request for definite information on cer-
tain points. The OAvner of the hives
0}>ened two of his hives, and it was
pointed out to him that the bees were
storing candy in the supers, and other
ways in which he was making mistakes,
though generally the hives were models
of how bees should be kept. Here was
real gratitude, and we left feeling it was
a pleasure to visit such a man.

We had our hnich by the riverside, and
then left the valley for the hills. To reach
some of the crofts we had to leave our
machine at the roadside and walk over
the moor, and each visit was full of in-
terest. In one case a number of queen
cells, with queens just on the point (jf
emerging, were cut out; in another a
queenless hive was pointed out. At one
place, the bee-keeper, whose hives wor?
placed in the edge of a fir wood, had put
up low artificial bushes for his bees to
settle on when swarming, because of the
trouble he had had with swarms taking to
the tree tops. In another case the owner
was using slate as a qiiilt, because he
thought it would be cool for the bees. His
bees were all clustered outside the hives ;
the slate was so hot, because of the sun,
that you could hardly hold your band on
it. In another case a grizzled old man,
smoking a big pipe, seemed very anxious
to make his bees angry for our particular
benefit, but in nearly everv case the ex-
pert was able to be of real assistance to
the bee-keeper visited.

Our last visit was. nearly as interesting
as the first one, and again the bee-keeper
was a lady. She took us to her hives — five
standing so close together that vou could
not get between them, and scarcely behind
them because of a thick edge. The roofs
were held down with rocks too heavv for
anyone but a strong man to lift. The
ground was covered with remains of
smoker fuel. The lady said she would
fetch the gardener who looked after the

148

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Marcli 25, 1920.

bees, and she then retired to the house.
Presently she re-appeared clad in the most
wonderful bee-proof costume, and shortly
afterwards the gardener came, wearing a
meat safe over his head and thick woollen
gauntlets. Evidently they were both
scared stiff at the sight of a bee, and
judging by the amount of debris from
their smokers, the bees had good cause to
be scared stiff at the way their keepers
treated them.

It was dark when we got home, and we
were very tired, but it was a most in-
teresting and instructive day, particu-
larly for thel writer, who learnt much
both aboiit how to keep, and how not to
keep, bees; — W. C. B^

Runcorn Notes.

I have been thinking over what is the
proper or rather, the best situation for
hives. We are told in the text books that
they should have a clear fliglit-way, and
face either S.E. or S.W. My own prefer-
ence as to aspect is S.E. As to situation
I have not yet made up my mind. I once
asked a bee-keeper who kept hives by the
thousand, and had them in almost every
conceivable location, these questions: —
' ' Where do you find bees do best, on hill-
sides or in valleys? " His answer m' as :
" On hillsides, decidedly." I next asked:
" What position do you find best, a clear
flight-way, or near hedges or trees? " He
answered : " The more hugger-muggered
up they are the better." This rather coin-
cides with my own experience. Years ago
I was asked to take charge of an apiary
of four hives, situated about two miles
from my own apiary. I found them with
some diflBculty in a small, neglected
orchard, where I had to get a scythe to
cut down the old grass and weeds which
practically buried them. This was , in
April. I found them ready for supers — a
fortnight in advance of my own. They
did better than my best. The bees had to
thread their way through a veritable
thicket of undergrowth and tree branchess
whichever direction they wanted to fly.
The following summer the same thing hap-
pened. I took honey from them a fortnight
before I took any from my own only two
miles away. The following autumn I
bought these stocks and transferred them
to my own apiary. There they did no
bettor tban my others. As the country
thcrraboufs is nearly as flat as the pro-
verbial pancake, it must have been- their
situation, rather than location that made
so much difference. Another case I re-
member. An old man who lived in, a
wood and kopt be<Si in skeps. His been
h\Ld oft«a to. 4:d, n- groat d©al of

manoeuvring to get away from their hives,
but he nearly always had swarm.s in April,
whereas his neighbours had to wait till
nearly June. I have a mind to plant a
hive in a rhododendron thicket, and see
what happens, this summer (if I can get
permission, the rhododendrons are not
mine). Has any other reader had similar
experience. — D. J. Hemming, Runcorn.

Notes from Gretna Green.

All my stocks are alive so far, and,
judging by the great warmth under the
quilts, brood-rearing is well under way.

I have no occasion to feel any doubt as
to the food supply, for all are warmly
packed in heavily-stored doubled hives,
k la Smith, of " Flavine " fame.

The " Adminson " bees were the first
on the wing this year. The Penna
Italians followed, and all appeared
healthy in flight.

No matter what , doubters may say,
disease can be mastered during the active
working season. But a winter outbreak
is quite another matter ; any form of
treatment then simply hastens the end
by inducing dysentery. Stocks found
slightly affected now should be left un-
disturbed until March, and then united,
if necessary, before being sprayed and fed
with medicated syrup. — J. M. Ellis,
Gretna, Carlisle.

Petersfield Boys* School
Bee Club.

Second Annual Repobt.

The past season has been a very poor
one — in fact, in some localities it is men-
tioned as the worst on record. From early
spring to the end of that season, warm,
rlrv weather prevailed. The climatic con-
ditions were most favourable to breeding
for the bees. Nectar was running in
plenty in fruit blossom and wild flower,
and the bees worked unceasingly from
early morn to dusk. But the continuation
of these conditions proved "too much of
a. go#d thing " for the flowers and bees.
Absence of moisture in the soil caused
failure of nectar to rise into the blossom
" treasure bags," and the bees were hard
put to to find sufficient food for daily needs,
especiallv as breeding had been carried on
so rapidly. Then the weather changed;
rain came — too much for the limes, worse
luck — washing the nectar from the blos-
soms each day, though not enough for
general needs. Then, sad to relate, the
wind chopped to tbe north, and continued
hem thai quartet' fcr » considcfable time*

March 25, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

149

Result : Very cold nights, non-secretion of
nectar by the flowers.

In many districts the fields were white
with Dutch clover, but the bees practically
ignored the blossoms; there was no reward
for their visits, and they knew it. Thus
the two main sources of honey production
for our district — limes and clover — were,
this year, worthless from the bees' point
of view. However, as the summer ad-

the swarm had clustered. But the bees
were, as usual, very particular little crea-
tures, and were dissatisfied with their new
home. Whilst at dinner a boy breath-
lessly informed me that " the school bees
are going over the gasworks ! " I cycled
to the gasworks, sent scouts in every
direction, but our bees were never traced.
We could ill afford the loss, but — just
another lesson from the bees

A Lesson .\t the Petersfield School Ai-iarv.

vanced the flow of nectar improved, but
all too late for obtaining a real surplus.
Our hive worked well under adverse con-
ditions. In May it threw a good swarm
(about 3^ lbs.), which I left well hived ift
a box obtained for the purpose, and
attacheid t0 the ftppl'»i' bmnch on whieh

Two racks of sections, with starters,
were placed on the stock, which yielded
16 sections — 12 of grade one I I felt that
it was Avorth while showing a sample of
our surplus in the Petersfield Autumn
Show; t-esult, third prize for three aec-
tioti^i ■ Very encouriaginB' ^f^f*- Wa may

15Q

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 25, 1920.

he jj>?oqd as a young club of our exhibit
doing so well.

Our surplus this year "vvas easily dis-
posed of. The three priae sections sold
for 4s. each (a general price this year in
the South for grade one sections) , and the
Nthers from 3s. 6d. downwards, according
quality and finish. The total realised

as £2 13s. 9d., plus 2s. prize-money; our
.xcome for the year, £2 15s. 9d ! Our ex-
penditure for feeding, etc., was lOs. 5d.,
Living us a profit on the year's working
of £2 5s. 4d. (balance-sheet attached).
This allows of a dividend to shareholders
of 66f per cent. — 8d. on each Is. share I
I think this result speaks volumes.

Early in October I took a peep at the
bees' winter stores, and found that they
will need candy feeding later on. They
appeared to be healthy, and we hope they
may continue so, to merrily buzz around
our fruit blossoms in the coming spring
and give us a good surphis next season —
a surplus which will put our previous re-
ports in the shade. May the Weather
Clerk for 1920 have something good
mapped out for us all !

Bee Club Balance-sheet, 1919.
De.

To Cash in hand £0 16 8^

,, 10-frame stock 2 10 O"

,, Hive, £l 12s. 3d. ; less 5 per

cent, depreciat'n. Is. 7d. 1 10 8

,, Sale of surplus ... ... 2 13 9

,, Prize-money 02 0

£7 13 li

Cr.

By Paint for hive ... ... .£0 1 0

,, Spring feeding 0 3 2

,, Autumn feeding ... ... 0 6 3

,, Dividend to shareholders,

66f per cent. ..." ... 2 0 0

Balance

2 10 5
5 2 8|

£7 13 1^
W. Bennetts,
Horticl. and Bee Instructor.
[The head teacher of Petersfield boys^
school (Mr. W. Gates) is to be congratu-
lated on being in charge of a school that
is, we believe, a pioneer in establishing
bee clubs among the scholars. If other
head masters would follow the excellent
lead set, the future of bee-keeping would
bo ro.sy indeed, for in the coming years
the industry would be in the hands of bee-
keepers having a sound knowledge of the
craft. Unfortunately, all schools have not
an enthusiast like Mr. Bennetts to take
charge of the work. Both he and the
members of the club are deserving of their
continued success. — Ed3.]

Bee Diseases Legislation in
Canada.

Having been attending the annual con-
vention of the Nova Scotia Fruit Growers'
Association, I did not get an opportunity
to see my article on " The Forward Move-
ment in Bee-keeping " in the British Bbe
Journal until to-day. May I call your
attention to a printer's error of one letter
which reverses the meaning I intended to
convey: — "In Canada we have quite a
number of sizes of frames, and so great
confusion is caused," should read, "no
great confusion is caused."

May I also take this opjwrtunity to say
a word in favour of bee disease legisla-
tion, which I am pleased to see has again
become a live issue in Britain. While the
Dominion Government has no Bee Diseast
Act. this Division is entirely in favour of,
and co-operates where possible with, the
work of the Provincial Governments, no
less than five of which have Bee Disease
Acts. About one hundred bee inspectors
are employed annually under these Acts,
and the good work thev do is incalculable,
not so much in bringing offenders to jus-
tice, which is seldom done except as a last
resort, but in educating the bee-keepers
how to control these diseases, and in
general helping them to become better
bee-keepers. The system that seems to
work best is to have one good administra-
tive officer, usually the provincial apiarist,
permanently employed, and he is respon-
sible for hiring men in the summer, each
to cover a certain territory and paid by
the day. These men are experienced bee-
keepers, who are selected because they
have knowledge, tact, and reasonableness.
The pay they get. although good, scarcely
compensates them for loss of valuable
time in their own apiaries, but they ars
attracted to do ths work from a sense of
public service, and the work gives them a
fine and varied experience otitside of the
sphere of their regular activities.

In the rare event of an inspector having
acted carelessly or arbitrarily, a complaint
may be lodged by the bee-keeper with the
2>rovincial apiarist, and if he finds it is
substantiated, that man is not engaged
the next year. In this way practically
nothing but good comes out of our bee
legislation, and a great deal of it. The
present trouble is that the appropriations
for this work are all too little to cover
the work to be done, and American foul-
brood (we are less afraid of European foul-
brood) is not getting stamped out at the
rate it would be if we had more money
to employ more inspectors. — F. W. L.
Sladen, Apiarist.

January 31, 1920.

March 25, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

151

Meeting of Monmouthshire
Association.

A meeting of the Monmouthshire Bee-
keepers' Association was held at the
County Hall (through the good offices of
Mr. T. G. James) on Saturday last.
Arrangements were made to put the re-
stocking scheme on a working basis.

Instructions were received from the
Ministry of Agriculture respecting the
supply of Italian queens, regarding which
advertisements will appear in the Weekly
Post.

Two delegates were appointed to confer
with the Hon. Secretary of the Gloucester-
shire Bee-keepers' Association regarding a
suggested Bee-keepers' Convention to be
held at Gloucester in July or August.

A deputation was chosen to make
arrangements with the Hon. Secretary to
the Newport Allotment Holders' Associa-
tion respecting the honey section in their
forthcoming show.

Prizes were conditionally authorised for
the honey sections at the St. Mellons and
Eisca shows. Some few members have
kindly offered to lend their grounds for
the purpose of bee demonstrations during
the summer. — Communicated.

Salisbury and District Bee-
Keepers' Association.

ANNUM, MEETING.

The first annual meeting of the Salis-
bury and District Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion was held on Wednesday, March 3,
1920." The President (the Hon. Louis
Greville) presided., There was a good at-
tendance.

The Secretary (Miss E'. J. Hardy) pre-
sented the report of the committee, which
related that the Association was inaugu-
rated on April 29, 1919. A feature of the
year was a visit to the apiary of Lady
Katharine Bouverie, in Longford Park,
where about 50 bee-keepers attended, and
greatly enjoyed the demonstrations given
by Mr. Pinder and Mr. White.

The Association had obtained about 150
signatures to the petition for legislation
respecting bee diseases. The membership
of the Association stands at 72, drawn
from a radius of 12 miles of Salisbury.
Miss E. J. Hardy also gave the financial
report, which showed a balance in hand
of £2 10s.

On the proposition of Mr. Pinder the
Hon. Louis Greville, who expressed his
willingne.ss to help the Association to his
utmost, was re-elected president.

The vice-presidents were, re-elected, the
Rev. H. M. Livens being added to the
number.

The Secretary (Miss E. J. Hardy) and
Chairman of Committee (Mr. J. E. Pin-
der) were re-appointed for the ensuing

year. The committee were re-elected en
bloc, with the addition of three — Miss
Fussell (Salisbury), Mr. F. W. Miles
(Shrewton), and Mrs. Wrottesley (Down-
ton). A treasurer has yet to be appointed.

Major Francis pi;t forward a resolution,
which was carried, asking the Board of
Agriculture to deal expeditiously with the
preparation of the Bee Diseases Bill, also
for the prevention of substitutes for
honey, being sold as honey.

The proposal was adopted that this
Association, in connection with the Wilts
County Bee Committee, should have an
Exhibition at the great show given by
the Bath and West Agricultural Society,
May 20 to 25, at Salisbury.

The Hon. Louis Greville was cordially
thanked for his efforts on behalf of the
Society.

The Rev. H. M. Livens then gave a
most interesting lecture, entitled " The
Place of the Honey Bee in Xature, " illus-
trating his remarks by excellent lantern
slides, which were shown by Mr. Bernard
Pinder. — {Communicated.)

Leicestershire and Rutland Bee-
Keepers' Association.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual general meeting of the
above Association was held at the Museum
Buildings, Leicester, on Saturday, Marcli
13, 1920. Mr. G. W. Dunn presided over
a very good attendance, which included
Messrs. E. E. Lowe, B.Sc, H. M. Riley,
W. P. Meadows, H. Clark, J. Waterfield,
A. J. Marriott, J. Hunt, A. G. Pugh
(Notts), J. Pearman (Derby), and many
others.

The Chairman, at the outset, remarked
that not only was bee-keeping a source oi
profit, but it was also an interesting and
healthy hobby.- What proved very dis-
couraging to the newer members was the
very high price of hives and other neces-
sariesv

The report showed that the membership
had increased from 245 to 287 during the
year under review, and the Association
was sound financially, there being a
balance in hand of £14 9s. Id.

Lady Levy was re-elected president, the
vice-presidents were elected en bloc, the
auditor (Mr. W. K. Bedingfield), the
treasurer (Mr. H. M. Riley) and the sec-
retary (Mr. A. Briers) were re-elected.

A new committee was elected as follows :
— Chairman, Mr. H. Clark; vice-chairman,
Mr. H. M. Rilev; Messrs J. J. Abell, A.
E. Biggs, S. Clark, W. G. Dunn, T. H.
Geary, J. Thompson, J. Hayward, E.
Hall, A. J. Marriott, W. P. Meadows, A.
H. Ridgway, Councillor E. J. Underwood,
and J. Waterfeld. Messrs. H. M. Rilev

152

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 25, 1920.

and W. E. Moss ^vere elected representa-
tives to B.B.K.A.

The rules, which had been revised by
the Council, were submitted to the meet-
ing for approval, and after a short dis-
cussion were passed as read.

In the evening the usual drawings for
prizes took place, and Mr. H. Clark, the
newly-elected chairman of the Association,
gave a lecture on " The Lure of the Hive,
with Bits for Beginners," which proved
highly interesting and instructive.

Several objects of interest were brought,
explained and discussed, and a very suc-
cessful meeting was brought to a close
with a vote of thanks to the lecturer and
the chairman. — A. Briers, Hon. Sec.

Guildford and District Bee-
Keepers' Association.

The first members' meeting of the above
was held on March 20 at the Guildford
Library and Institute. Alderman W. J.
Patrick presided, and 32 members were
present. The rules drawn up by the Pro-
visional Committee were confirmed and
names for the offices of President and
Vice-Presidents suggested. Alderman
Patrick was elected Hon. Treasurer, and
Major E. B. Wilkinson Chairman of the
Committee, on which the members ap-
pointed Miss M. D. Higgins (Worj^lesdon),
Miss D. T. Knowles (Thursley), Eev. E.
Newill (Witley), Messrs. F. A. Brown
(Guildford), H. Butcher (Merrow), J. J.
Chatfield (Chobham), F. M. Falshaw
(Guildford), J. A. H. Hamshar (Wonersh),
J. W. Savage (Guildford), E. G. Waldock
(Guildford), and W. A. Woods (Nor-
mandy). The future work of the Asso-
ciation was discussed, and the details
Avere left to the Committee. It is hoped
the Association Avill be able to organise a
honey exhibition at one of the local shows,
and to arrange during the summer months
garden meetings in some centres of the
district. Local bee-keepers will be
warmly welcomed as members, and a post-
card to the Hon. Secretary (Heath erwood,
Pirbright) will bring particulars and a
form of application for membership. —
E. C. Pitt-Johnson (Eev.), Hon. Secretary.

Weather Report.

Wkstbourne, February, 1920.

Rainfall, "65 in.

Heaviest fall, "24 in.
on 10th.

Rain fell on 13 days.

Below average, 1 •54in.

Maximum tempera-
ture, 55 on JHth and
19th.

Minimum tempera-
tufe, 39 on 9th.

Minimum on grass, 24

on 22nd.
Frosty nights, 3.
Mean maximum, 49 3.
Mean minimum, 371.
Mean temperature, 43 2
Above arerage, 4*1
Maximum barometer,

30-648 on 6th.
Minimum barometer.

29'887oD20th.
Lt B. BlRKBTT.

An A;5ed Bee-Keeper's Request.

[10145] Could you kindly put me in
communication with a brother bee-keeper
who might be able to sell me a hive or
a nuclei or an early swarm? I have kept
bees for 64 years continuously up to five
years ago, when they went with " I.O.W."
disease, but I would like to get in
amongst them again, although I am in
my 89th year.

Trusting you can do something for me,
and oblige. — Robert Brownlee, 54,
Waverley Place, Galashiels.

[We do not know any bee-keeper near
our correspondent, but possibly someone
near may be able to assist him. We ad-
mire his pluck in wishing to start again
at his age. — Eds.]

Snake Eating Bees.

[10146] One of our stocks last season
did not seem to make any progress at all ;
there were always plenty of young bees
and hatching brood, but the proportion of
flying bees always small. We could not
trace any disease, and we knew the queen
was young. Thinking the bees lacked
stamina, we re-queened with a young
B. or A. Italian queen. The superseded
queen was given to a four-frame nucleus,
and she rapidly built this to a strong
stock. The new queen was a good one,
but still no improvement took place. We
were quite at a loss to discover the cause
until one hot day in August we were
strolling quietly among the hives and saw
coiled up in front of the hive a large
snake. As we watched we noticed that
every bee that dropped in front was
quickly snapped up, and twice we saw the
reptile rear its head and calmly pick a
bee from the alighting board. We ought
to have crushed its head under heel ; but,
ugh ! We dashed for a spade, but on
return it had vanished. We searched long
and carefully without success. After this
for weeks we never went near the hive
without a spade ready to strike, and at
last, towards the end of September, we
saw the snake disappearing under the
hive. A quick run, and we fixed the
spade firmly across its back, and, in spite
of much hissing, we squared the account
by halving it. Then a wonderful thing
happened, for the head half went on as
though nothing had happened, and we
lost sight of it in the long grass. Two
days after we found it about 30 yards
frofli the hire. The snake measured over
k H^.t lopg, omd yiiftt'ty 8 inches thick- I

Marcli 25, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

153

wonder sometimes how many bees it takes
to make such a reptile. Why did the
snake choose this hive out of nearly 40
others? It might have surely taken a few
from each, instead of bringing ruin to
one stock.

When we united the bees for the winter
we gave extra good treatment to this
stock, and am pleased to say it seems to
be going on well at present, and we trust
it will not be favoured during the coming
season with such an unpleasant visitor.
—Walter Sargant.

Flowers Visited by Bees.

[10147] I should be glad if you will
please give me the exact inside and out-
side dimensions, etc., of the new Stan-
dard frame (one-third greater area than
the old standard), as I am thinking of
making a hive to take same, and greatly
oblige.

I enclose list of flowers visited by my
Hybrid Italians since May last. They are
working yew, wallflower, etc., now. I
thought you might like to publish the list
in The British Bee Journal and The
Bee-keepers' Record. — A. E. Stephens.

[There is no '' new " Standard frame;
possibly you mean one of the larger frames
that have been advertised — 16 in. by 10 in.
or 14 in. by 12 in. — Eds.]

Limnanthes.

May (pollen).*

Mignonette.***

Broad beans.***

Anchusa.*

Lime.***

Cotoneaster.

Borage.

Raspberries.***

Blackberries.***

Privet.

Dewberries.

Gaillardias.**

Mimulus.

Solidago.

Wallflower.

Greater centaurea.*=^

Large St. John's Wort.

* Well worked by bees

bee plants.

Travellers' Joy.**

White clover.

Rambler roses.

Buddlea.

Dwarf sunflower.

Veronica.

Bindweed.

Marrow.

Burdock.

Ivy.*

Michaelmas daisy.*

Charlock.*

Christmas roses.*

Red dead nettle.

X ew,***

Sedum.

Early Pollen.

[10148] I can furnish the parallel
which H. F. Swann (10135) calls for.

Late in August last year I had two
stocks of dark bees sent me, which I imme-
diately re-queened with Trxie Golden
queens. It was then apparently too late
for the " darkies " to breed, though the
Ligurians were still going strong, and
the eggs were cleared out as fast as the
oew queens laid them.

A.% tii« etiid of tb« 5e^ou<J '«'t^k in

January this year I noticed the bees of
these stocks darting from the hives in
numbers, and questing about for some-
thing which they could not find.

I filled the water-fountain and set it
out, but they would not look at it. I
then tried them with -a box of artificial
pollen, and this they fastened on at once,
carrying it in in quantities and rolling in
it till they looked like little ghosts.

To-day, Februray 18, I saw numbers of
the young Goldens out taking their first
flight in the bright sunshine. Opening
one of the hives, I found nearly as many
newly-hatched Goldens as there were of
dark bees.

This record of young Goldens flying as
early as February 18 demonstrates, I
think, that the True Goldens of the
Western and Southern States are not
nearly so " tender " as some writers
would have us believe.

I may mention that I found some of
the Ligurians nearly as far advanced,
though they had been breeding late last
year, and I never saw them at the ersatz
pollen. — Hugh Houston, Sidcup, Kent.

[10140] My bees Avere out on 18th ;
early crocus and some fruit treeg in
bloom.

Mostly yellow pollen, very large pellets
being carried into hives. — C. Tredcroft.

Bee Skeps and How to Make Them.

[10150] I am writing to ask AAhethor
you, or some one of the many readers of
your valuable B.B.J. , will be good enough
to- give full directions for making bee
skeps, what tools are required, the best
materials for making them with, and what
size the skeps should be for stocks for
supering. I think it would be a good
thing for small kee-keepers with a small
income, such as cottagers, to know how
to make their own bee skeps, which they
could easily do if they only knew how to
go to work about it, and bee skeps are
and will always be useful to all who keep
bees.

I have been told that blackberry
brambles one year old make tlie best bind-
ing for skeps, but do not luiow what is
the best time of the year to cut the
brambles, nor yet how to prepare them
for the binding of the straw in making
the skeps. Are the brambles put into
water to soak before they are split into
halves or quarters, and the pith removed
or scraped out, and the bark taken off
with some sort of tool. I have also hpard
that some use a piece of cow or bullock
horn of the right size to draw the straw
through to keen the band the proper size
all round the skep, but do tiot know whftt
9l?i« tK* horn ihould be, or whcth^t' \%

154

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Marcli 25, 1920.

should be straight, or curved to give the
straw a slight bend to make the shape of
the skep. I have never seen any skeps
made, so have no idea how to proceed to
make some, and would be grateful for
instructions, which may be useful for
other small bee-keepers like myself. There
are many poor people who would keep
bees, but cannot afford to buy bar-frame
hives, and the cheap skeps that hawkers
sell to bee-keepers are too small, and cause
the bees to swarm so often that they do
not get 60 much profit from their bees
as they might if they had proper-sized
hives. I have seen in some cottage gar-
dens skeps so small that the bees have
built the comb under the stool that the
skep stood on.

I have seen instructions in the B.B.J,
for making home-made bar-frame hives,
but not one for making a skep. I enclose
name and address, and sign — A Cottager.

"The Hive Bees Working on
Rhododendrons."

[10151] Doubtless our good friend, J. J.
Kettle, can answer Mr. Sleight's query
re the above (B.B.J. , February 12, p. 75),
as there are a considerable number of the
common variety, B. Ponticum, grown in
the New Forest, but I think few have had
the unique opportunity that fell to my lot
from 40 to 70 years ago. During a portion
of those 30 years I was residing close to
the two of those most famoiis American
nuseries, " Knaphill "and " Bagshot," in
Surrey, where in each many thousands of
hybrid seedlings were raised annually,, in
addition to thousands of established bush
and standard named varieties.

From frequent observations I can say
the hive bees do not work on rhododen-
drons ; one may be seen at rare intervals
hovering over a blossom, and hovering
only. And yet nectar is secreted in abund-
ance, which the hive bee could obtain if
it so desired. Why not? Can it be that
our little pets are more temperate than
the larger species, " Bombus "? It is a
fact that these latter throw all their ener-
gies in collecting the nectar from rhodo-
dendrons with this curious and interesting
result : they get intoxicated, I can give it
no other namCv I have seen them many
hundreds of times, after collecting this
nectar, drop on the ground, and in en-
deavouring to take a flight they would fall
J)ack and roll about in a most comical
fashion. — Jakes Lee, Fulbourne.

Starting Bee-Keeping.

[10152] I want to start keeping bees
on a gradually increasing scale. Can any
of your readers kindly say how I should
begin, and what the initial cost of making
a start would be? — Subscriber.

New Use for the Bee's Sting.

[10153] The enclosed may be of interest
to bee-keepers. I have not seen the
" fact " mentioned before ! — Sting.
The Bee's Trowel.

It is not generally known that the
bee's sting is a trowel, not a rapier. It
is an exquisitely delicate little trowel
with which the bee finishes off the honey
cell; injects a little preservative inside,
and seals it up. With its trowel-like
sting the bee puts the final touches on
the dainty and wonderful work. With
the sting it pats and shapes the honey
cell as a mason pats and shapes a row of
bricks. Before sealing up the cell it
drops a little bit of poison into the honey.
This is formic acid. Without it the
honey would spoil. Most of us think the
bee's sting, with its poison, is a weapon
only. It is a weapon secondarily, but
primarily it is a magic trowel from whose
end, as the honey cells are built up, a
wonderful preserving fluid drips. — From
the Shooting Times, November 29, 1919.

Price of Hives of Bees.

[10154] The following maj^ "be interest-
ing to your readers : — At a sale of bees in
Yorkshire just lately the following prices
were realised : Straw skeps, 52s. 6d., 75s.,
sOs. ; modern wood hives, 62s. 6d., 70s.,
77s. 6d. The same strain of bees had been
in the owner's possession for over forty
years, and were strong, healthy stocks,
the wood hives modern bar frames. A
few years ago the same kind of skeps could
be bought from 7s. 6d. to 10s. each, and
the present prices go to prove how
anxious people are to again commence
hee-keeping and have their own " Nature
sugar factory." The Re-stocking scheme
and propaganda work to educate keeping
bees on proper lines, cleanliness and folly
of having dirty combs and hives standing
out, should go far to bring the industry
to the fore in every village again.—
W. E. Richardson.

Killing of Ants.

[10155] Put a heaped teaspoonful of
camomile in half a pint of boiling water,
stir up, and when cold, strain it, sweeter
it with sugar, making it into a thin
syrup. Put in shallow pans, protected by
perforated zinc, so that bees cannot get at
it. Ants will take this readily and di^
by thousands soon afterwards

Have found both the above very effec-
tual. If saucers are used with the legs to
stand in, containing water, turps,
paraffin, or carbolic, ants will carry
small particles which float, so that they
can bridge across. The four named
liquids were used, but in each instance
found by observation how they managed
to bridge from edge of saucers to legs.

March 25, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

155

W. J. Palmer (Stafis.).— Price of sugar.— Yonr
grocer is not profiteering. The price is fixed by
the Sugar €ommi~sion. See our note in this
column on March 4.

N. A. Squier (London, 'S.).— Making an extractor.
— Instructions were given in B.B.J, of April 24
and May 8, 1913. You can cut the comb out of
the frames, break it up and strain, or with care
you might be able to cut the comb and honey
away from the foundation, and strain. Either
plan would be better than trying to squeeze the
comb in a potato masher, unless it contained
heather honey.

" Blandford " i&tiatf ord). — Ventilated clearer
board. — (1) This is a super clearer with the panel
made of wire cloth instead of wood. (2) Better
use calico, summer and winter. (3) You may
give extra frames^ of foundation as soon as the
bees cover ten combs, the weather is warm, and
there is plenty of forage. Early May will
probably be soon enough. (5) A queen excluder
is not used with a Rymer honey board.

F.. H. B. (Devon).— Trans/erring' from skep. — Allow
the .skep to stay over the frames, and as soon
as the bottom combs contain brood get the queen
on them and place a queen excluder over them,
and under the skep. If the queen cannot be
found on the bottom comos, she will be in the
skep, which will have to be " driven " until she
is secured and placed below. Three weeks later
the skep may be cleared of bees and taken away,
as all the worker brood will have emerged from
the cells by that time.

W. Crichton (Forfar).—" 7.0. TF." disease and
black currant mi^e.— There is no connection
between the two. " Big Bud " is not a disease,
but is caused by .the presence within the bud of
a tiny beetle-like insect, whicih may be seen by
the aid of a strong pocket magnifying glass.

E. Chatterton (Brighton).- We take it that by
" cones " you mean skeps. There is no satis-
jfactory method of disinfecting them. You might
try soaking in disinfectant and water for about
34 hours, but better burn them.
Suspected Disease.

Miss Hardy (Salisbury), Mrs. Kilburn (Dorset).—
The bees sent were affected with " I.O.W."
disease.

H. W. T. P. (Winchester).- The trouble appears to
be dysentery.

D. Seamer (Lines.).— No. 1 : We cannot say. No. 2 :
" I.O.W." disease.

K. Jordan (Surrey), Miss Hunt (Winchester).— We
did not find disease in the bees sent^

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

- Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at IJd. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per Hn., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, N*clei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

PRIVATE ADVEBTISEMEirrS.

SMALL APIARY for Sale, seven strong Stocks,
19 Hives and Fittings; owner moving; must
clear at once. — Particulars of SMALLBONE,
Lodge. Woodsgate Place, Bex:hiIl-on-Sea. c.87

FINE HONEY GATHEREHS.-Five healthy
10-frame Stocks, 1919 Queens, ample stores,
April delivery, £4 10s. each; £1 deposit each stock
with order. Pure English Honey, 28-lb. tins, 35s.
each.— VINCENT, 132, Croydon Road. Anerley.

STRONG, healthy Stock Dutch Bees, 10 frames,
£3 lOs.-CHAPMAN, 15. Heming Road, Edg-
ware. c.89

AN APIARY FOR SALE.— Six strong Stocks,
Hives, Supers, Geared Extractor, Ripener,
and Appliances, £40. Purchaser to remove. — W.
FAY, Bee-keeper, Havant. c.90

PAIR of W.B.C. Hives, splendidly made, canary-
wood, zinc-covered roofs, brood sections drawn,
super crates with section frames, quantity new
Frames, Sheet Wax, Excluder, Smoker, etc.; whole
outfit new July, 1919; £5 complete.— Box 73, B.B.J.,
23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. c.91

ELEVEN CWTS. pure IrisJi Honey in 56-lb. tins
at £8 per cwt.— PETER LENNON, Cornanure,
Ballyhay, Co. MonagJian, Ireland. c.92

FOR SALE, strong cast, new Skep, 1919, win-
tered own stores, Penna strain, very strong,
£4 10s.— MEAD, 27, Godson Road, Croydon. c.93

W

ANTED, Queen (Italian). State price.—
STEWART, Panshanger, Hertford. c.94

GOOD STANDARD HIVE, full of healthy
(Italian hybrid) Bees, £5 10s.; also one
£4 10s.; hives included.- WHITE, 16, Pulteney
Road, South Woodford, Essex. r.c.95

FOR SALE, three full Stocks of splendidly hardy
Bees, never have had disease, £4 each.— MISS
DAYRELL, The Hale, Chiddingly, Sussex. c.96

HAVING bought another Apiary, can offer the
following bargains : Three pure Italian
Stocks, £5 each; seven ordinary Stocks for £28, or
single Stock for £4 2s. 6d.; three Dutch Stocks,
£11 156.; all bar frame.— THOMAS, The Causeway,
Burwell, Cambs. c.97

ITALIAN HYBRIDS, 1919 Queens, 10 frames,
guaranteed strong, healthy; no disease; April
delivery; overstocked; stamp.— Box 74, B.B.J.
Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. c.98

"l^frANTED, experienced Man to take charge of
Vt our Bee-keeping Department.— .\pply, stating
wages required, experience, etc., to THE ALLOT-
MENT AND SMALL HOLDERS' SUPPLY ASSO-
CIATION, LTD., Hare Hatch, Twyford, Berks, c.99

ITALIAN HYBRIDS.— Ten-frame Stock, £5 56.;
8-frame, £4 4s.; 1919 Queens; carriage paid.
Apiary never known disease.- HOWLETT, 138>
Seaforth Avenue, New Mrjden. c.lOO

TWO 28-lb. Honey Tins in crate, 6s. 6d.; 56-Ib.
Tin in crate, 4s.; 28-lb. Pail with honey gate,
6s. 6d.; box Shallow Bars, 4s.; one Excluder Zinc,
Is. 6d.; 1 lb. Brood Foundation, 2s. 6d.; five Swarm
Boxes, 3s. each; one Nucleus Travelling Hive. 10s.;
75 12-bore Cartridge'?: or offer for lot.-<:EILEY,
Highcroft, Muswell Hill Road, N.IO. , c.lOJL

FOR SALE, eight lO-frame Hives, one glas,«-sided
Hive, Crates, Sections, Feeders, two Swarm
Boxes, Skep, Smoker, etc., etc., all in good con-
dition, £14, or would separate.— BAKER, 6, Wal-
singham Road, Clapton, London. / C.102

TTITANTED]"" The Honey Bee," by Cowan;
V\ second-hand cony.— Write, E. J. HARDY,
Bouverie Avenue, Salisbury. c.103

A" "PIARY FOR SALE.— 26 Colonies, all re-
nuc^ned l-'st autnmn, 11 with fertile imported
Italians from Signor Plana, Bologna: 26 Hives, 24
of standard pattern, 12-frame size and interchange-
able; also general equioment of frames, drawn-out
combs, supers, excluders, reversible extractor,
ripeners, honev tins, and feeders; the whole prac-
tically new. Purcha^ser to remove.- Viewing, and
nffere to P. H. SCOTT, Fairley Grange, Hartley.
Longfield, Kent. cl04

156

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Marcli 25. 1920.

WANTED, " Bees and Bee-keeping " (Cheshire),
Vol. 1 (Scientific), or both volumes.—
'HEWISON, Marr Vicarage, Doncaster. c.lOT

TT^OR SALE, several Hives of Bees, dozen or so
J- empty Hives, Frames, Extractor, Separator,
Feeders, Olass Jars, Exhibition Cases, etc.—
Further particulars, EXORS., late J. Connop, 33,
Hubert Road, Selly Oak, Birmingham. c.l05

A FEW first-class Stocks for Sale, on 6 frames,
1919 Queens, delivery about end of April or
early May, £4 each. Inspection invited. Orders
treated in rotation. — LARMUTH, Hillside,
Monahan Avenue, Purley. c.ll5

BEES.— Several Stocks for Sale, 6 frames, 6 gs.;
also Swarms, May and June.—MISS NEALE,
Highfield, Littlehampton. r.c.117

OWING to considerable reduction in my stocks
I have a large variety of healthy bee goods
for disposal, mostly for W.B.C. hives. Send for
list.— DELL'S, County Apiaries, Leigh, Lanes.
r.c.58

FOR SALE, W.B.C. Hives, large and small,
rapid feeders, excluders, new unused honey
boxes to hold 3 doz.— Particulars, GEORGE. Oak
Drive, Oswestry. c.64

WANTED, Extractor, not geared, for brood
and super frames.- POWELL, Drellingore,
Folkestone. c.73

A STAMPED addressed envelope will bring you
a free sample of Flavine, Testimonials, Cir-
cular, etc.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway,
Cambridge. c.74

ITALIAN BEES, 12 lots, headed by Penna's
imported Queens; 4 frames, 63s.; 6 frames, 909.;
delivery June; carriage paid.— ENNEVER, Oak
Avenue, Enfield. c.36

-I 9 GUARANTEED healthy Hybrid Italian
±^ Stocks. Penna strain, £5 each.— J. YOUNGER.
6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.c.38

WANTED, by the Northumberland B.K.A.,
Expert, April-August, 1920, to work the re-
stocking scheme.— State qualifications and salary
required to MAJOR SITWELL, Ord Hill, Berwick-
on-Tweed. c.39

PLANT "Willow Herb" for yoor bees; useful
and ornamental; 12 roots. 2s.— BO WEN. Pitt-
ville Street, Cheltenham. r.c.6

FOR SALE, large quantity of Appliances, includ-
ing 6-frame reversible Geared Extractor in
good condition, nearly new Dadant New Wax Pirees,
Honey Ripeners, Nucleus Hives, Travelling Boxes,
both swarms and frames, large number of Section
Racks, including single walled^^ Lee's pattern.
Burgess double walled, and W.B.C. ihanging
frames. Shallow Trame JBoxes, etc., quantity new
frames. Sections, Metal Ends, Honey Jars, Glass
for glazing. Smokers, etc.— May be viewed by
appointment, or particulars from " S.," Avenue
House, Finchley Lane. Hendon. Stamp for reply.

C.14

A VACANCY occurs for a Pupil on an old estab-
lished bee farm. Opportunity will be given
to learn bee-keeping on a big scale.— Apply, Box
61. B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2. r.a.57

WANTED, for scientific purposes, a few live
Bees, from diseased or dwindling stocks;
cages 'sent and expenses paid.— SNELGROVE,
Quadrant, Weston-super-Mare. a.H

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERROD-HEMPSALL. as above.

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lis., post
free; one Wood Milne Motor Foot Pump, 46e.,
carriage free.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

CORRESPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING, Golden Square. Hen-
field, Sussex. r.a.54

PURE Light English Honey, £8 cwt. ; sample 3d.
—BUTTON, Castle Camps, Cambridge, r.c.25

BUSINESS ADVEBTZSEMENTS.
liA. per word.

BOOK DOW for July, August and September.—
Penna Queens, direct from Italy. All May
and June queens sold.- S. H. SMITH, 30. Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. c.l06

THE REV. G. H. HEWISON, M.A. (First Class
Expext, B.B.K.A.), is open to give Lectures
on Bee-keeping and Demonstrations. Unique
photo-micrographic Lantern Slides of any part of
the Honey Bee made to order; also Nosema Apis
(spores). Prints sent on approval.- Marr Vicarage,
Doncaster. c.108

CAN accept more orders, June and July delivery,
of 3-frame Italian Nuclei, with all three
combs packed with brood; June, £3 36.; July,
£2 12s. 6d.; carriage paid; boxes returnable.
Terms : Cash with order.— ROPER, Thorpe-on-the-
Hill, Lincoln. c.l09

STOCKS OF BEES of Dutch descent in perfect
health on from 9 to 10 frames in hives with
supers and empty section crates, price £6; also a
limited number of Swarms at 30s. Stamped enve-
lope for reply.- MAJOR HENDRIKS, Littlewick
Meadow, Knaphill. near Woking. c.llO

ITALIAN NUCLEI, with 1920 Queens, 40s.—
FOALE, Wolverton, Bucks. c.Ul

DUTCH AND DUTCH-ITALIAN.— Four-frame
Nuclei, May-June delivery, orders in rotation,
£3 3s.; cash, with order; carriage paid. I strongly
recommend my Dutch-Italians. See B.B.J.,
February 26, page 99, conference of British Bee-
keepers re legislation. Dutch and Italian had been
tried; they were quite convinced that it was worth
while putting one's money on this strain— Dutcu-
Italian Hybrids.— SEALE, Ashley Cottage, Oat-
lands Drive, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. r.c.ll2

ITALIAN 4-frame Nuclei, 50s.; box 10s., return-
able; all orders strict rotation; May- June
delivery; £1 deposit, balance prior to delivery. —
LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess Hill,
iSussex. 0.113

ITALIAN BEES.— A few 10-frame Stocks, headed
by Penna's imported Queens, £5 each; Dutch
Hybrid, lO-frame stocks, £4. I am booking orders
for Swarms, headed by Penna's imported Queens,
May £2 10s. each, June £2; Hybrids. May £2.
June £1 15s.— J. WHITE, Fairstead Hall, near
Witham, Essex. c.114

THE " CLARIDGE QUALITY NUCLEI " have
all combs packed with brood, and are the best
value for money ofi'ered to bee-keepers for the 1920
season. Book your order now. — Price list .post free
from CLARIDGE, Copford Apiary, Colchester.

No Government queens used or supplied from
my Apiary.

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
loe-iifi from H. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue,
Paisley. c.ll6

"TALIANS.— Queens, 5s. Book now.
. HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup.

Stamp.—
r.c.77

FOR SALE, Swarms, Hybrid Italians. Orders
executed in strict rotation.— KAYE, Kilderry.
Hatfield Peverel, Essex. r-c.79

HAVE YOU WINTERED 100 PER CEI^T.?
If not, your strain must be wrong. Booking
orders now for delivery June onwards. Hardy,
disease-resisting, home-reared Italians; splendid
honey gatherers. Three-frame Nuclei, 1920 Queen,
price £3 36., carriage paid; 7s. 6d. refunded on box
if returned carriage paid, Saxilby Station.
Terms : Cash with order.— HERBERT VALLEY.
Apiarist, Saxilby, Lincoln. r.c.80

March 25, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3 frames crowded witn
sealed brood, 1920 Queen, early delivery, £3 3s.,
carriage paid; box 10s., returnable. Cash witii
order. Complete satisfaction guaranteed or money
returned.— E. H. TUNMER, " Chalfonts," Leiston,
Suffolk. r.c.81

DON'T BUY BEES until you have eeen our
prices and guarantee. You risk nothing, as
we return money in full if bees fail to give com-
iplete satisfaction. Catalogue 3d., which is
refunded on first order.— PEARSON & GALE,
Marlborough. r.c.84

BEES FOR SALE.— Several small Stocks, on six
combs, of honey fed, healthy Bees, £3 10s.
each; travelling box 10s., refunded if box returned
in sound condition within seven days. Stamp for
reply.— REED. Primrose House, Heacham, King's
Lynn. r.b.30

PENNA strain Italian Queens, from June 7.—
ASHWORTH, The Bungalow, Weymouth
Street, Warminster. r.c.52

STRONG, healthy Bees, lO-frame Stock in W.B.C.
hive, now; 6-frame Stocks, April; Swarms to
order.— SMITH, 5, Florence Terrace, Ramegate.

r.c.56

ITALIAN NUCLEI from 30s., Fertile Queen from
78. 6d., Virgins from 3s. 6d., 8-frame Stocks £4.
Warranted healthy. Particulars stamp.— WATTS,
Conway Cottage, Newtown, Parkstone, Dorset.

r.b.93

T^ATERPROOF RUBBER SHEETS for co.ver-

T T ing outhouses, etc., 72in. by 36in., brass

e.velets, 12 for aOs.— SAGARS STORES, Ardwick,

Manchester. b.l6

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why notP Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

Send for

Bee-Keepers
Wake Up!

You can make a
Big Profit if you
use right up-to-
date Appliances,
including the
Manley Hive.
MEADOWS,
Syston, Leicester.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The

"Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by

experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —

WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W. HERROD-HEMPSAIiI., 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, Xiondon, W.C.S.

a

RACTEROI

'^ FOR BEES *-•

2/6 per Bottle.

99

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonou3 — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES. LTD.,

39, Farringdon Road, London, E.Cl.

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire

INSURf: YOUR STOCKS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "Yadil" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING " Yadil :' may be added freely to Syiup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

IV

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. March 25, 1920.

HIVES.

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a gocd hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and " requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in Frames.
Full descriptions and il'ustratio s in our 1920 Ca alogue :

'* Everything for an Apiary."

If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

nnnnnnnnnnnnnunnunnnnnnn^

Cbe metal foundation

(Protected)

latest invention in Scientific hive
equipment.
a el 0

Durable ^ Economic ^ Sterilisable

0 0 0

An Ideal compromise between the Metal
Comb and the Wax Foundation.

0 0 0

For further details and prices, send for
our 1920 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE, post free on application. It con-
tains detailed information on the most
up-tO'da'e hives and appliances for which
the House of Lee is famous.

*** Five per cent discount to Members of
THE APIS CLUB.

^xSx8><gx8>o-

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex,

Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

n
n
n

n

n
n
n
n
n
n
n

n

(Telegrams : Graphicly, Uxbridge.

S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame lyx 14X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

THR APIARY, BROMLEY, KENT,

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

Commercial (16' x 10') frames and brood boxes stocked.

Printbd bv thb Av«nd« Pemb (L. Upooti Gu,l & Son, Lid). 56-57, Deuey Lanb, London, W.C, amb

PVILIBHID rOE THI PrOPEIETOB (W. HbBEOD-HBMPSALL), by SiMFEIN, M^>««HiLL. HiMILTOM,

EBiii ti Co., Ltd.. 31 &. 32, Patbenobtbe Bow. E.C.

Britiab Bii Joubnu. and fin-utPiss' Adtibis, April 1, 19^.

IV / f 5 "^^ ^" HI on tJLS^t:? t1

APR 2 6 1920

rlotjilttaral

WmM^^^

& JBce-JT^ccpcrs
Adviser.

txVvfeekly- Journal Devoted
the Interests oj

Bce-Kcepcrs.

in

No. 1971. Vol. XLVIII

APRIL 1, 1920.

[Publtihcd cveri/ ThMrtday, Prlos Sd.

coM^oc e: ifl^rx* s .

PAGE

Seasonable Hijjts 157

A Dorset Yarn 157

Jottings FROM Huntingdonshire 158

The Price op Sugar 150

British Bee-keepers' Association—

Royal Show Fund 159

Lectures at Golder's Hill Park 159

Bee Notes from Derbyshire 159

The Honey Bird 160

" ICHABOD," OR THE BeB-KEEPER'S LAMENT (pOem) 162

Stinging 162

PAGE

The British Isles Honey Producers' Asso-
ciation 163

Echoes from the Hives 164

Jersey Bee-keepers' Association 164

Doncaster and District B.K.A 164

Scottish Bee-keepers' Association 165

Ginger Cake 165

Correspondence —

What is Wrong with the Craft ? 166

To Keep Ants from Having Nests in Hives 166

Notices to Correspondents 166

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYGOMB

the greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 years.

This is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exactly as bees
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with wax,
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send for Gitalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Catalogue post free.

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO., of U.S.A.
Sole Manufacturer and Licensee.-

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN. HERTS.

ii THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 1, 1920.

" QUEENLAND "

SUPPLIES TiiE WORLD'S BEST QUEENS.

That's the Public Verdict. Do you doubt it? Then please refer to the spon-
taneous opinions of many clients, as given in the Revised 1920 " Queenland "
List (Sjd.) containing 20 pages of instructive reading which will start any un-
fortunate or hesitating beekeeper on the high road to success.

"W.S." BEES WON'T DIE OUT IN WINTER.

That's the General Verdict. You have only to glance through the Queenland
20-pa'j;e List to find the proofs of this statement. Just give them ordinary care,
with sufficient food to tide over the winter, and nothing can check their
marvellously rapid progress.

DON'f KNOW HOW TO DWINDLE IN SPRING.

That's because of their inherent VIM, as proved by the very frequent reports
that established stocks of these bees are in swarming condition in APRIL. They
have for more than 25 years been selected and bred for that very desirable trait —
Longevity ; hence . ; . ^ason why the population of the hive is so rapidly piled
up to massive proportions.

READY FOR SUPERS IN APRIL.

That is — before other bees have barely started to build up, as confirmed in
many instances ; showing that " spring dwindling " is not in their line, under
just reasonable treatment.

THEY STORE HONEY WHILE OTHER BEES ARE IDLE.

That's because of their longer tongues and greater strength of wing, enabling
them to visit flowers other kinds never reach. Established stocks of W.S. bees
don't wait for the owner — they just push him along.

TH^^^ " WHITE STARS " ARE MOST PROLIFIC AND WONDERFUL HONEY
GATHERERS.

This is a rare combmation, but is verified by many reports. Some queens have
exceeded 350 lbs. in one season. In one case a nucleus increased to seven lots,
five of which were sold while the remaining two gave 365 lbs., and the total
sales amounted to over £40 in actual cash the second year. Another nucleus
in Wales covered 40 frames of brood by August of the same year, and before the
next season opened had made eight stocks. Then there is the case of a County
Council delegate who reported that throughout his tour in EVERY CASE where
an owner had done better than the average the results were attributed solfely
to the use of Simmins' Queens !

MANY CLIENTS SAY " W.S." BEES ARE IMMUNE FROM DISEASE.

That's because they have been bred by the most intense selection of both DRONE
and Queen mothers for many generations, but S.S. gives no guarantee that they
are absolutely immune, although it is known they have saved numerous apiaries,
and collected tons of Honey that would otherwise have been wholly lost. In
many cases " W.S. " queens have been given to hopelessly weak and diseased
remnants of colonies, and have forthwith raised them to become the strongest
stocks in the apiary ; in one case storing (the same season) 100 lbs. after thus
building up a small diseased lot. Some cases reported of diseased remnants
having been renovated by the introduction of W.S. queens have been so remark-
able that S.S. himself has been astounded at the almost mysterious results.

THE "W.S." ARE yVOr IMPORTED ITALIANS.

That is a great point to remember ; we have no use for the soft imported Italians,
and could not use the best queen selected from a thousand imported without
causing a serious deterioration in our pedigree stock. The " W.S." have gone
mil.^s beyond anything that can be imported.

20 Page R vised List, 3^d., of S. SIMMINS, Queenland, Heathfield, Sussex.

April 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

157

Seasonable Hints.

The abnormally warm weather has
brought all vegetation on with a riish.
This out-of-season weather brings home
to bee-keepers the fact that no hard-and-
fast dates can ever be given for certain
work, but they must use their brains, and
adapt their bee work to circumstances.
As a rule, it is not wise to give syrup for
spring food until the end of this month
at the earliest, but it has been quite in
order to feed with syrup during almost
the whole of this month, at any rate in
the southern part of the country. At the
present time one hears of bees revelling in
orchards where ithe plum trees are white
with bloom., fnlly a month before the
usual time. If the present open weather
continues — and we see no reason why it
should not — all will be well, but should a
spell of cold inclement weather come, feed-
ing must be the order of the day. There
are large quantities of brood in most hives,
and as we have frequently pointed out,
the hundreds of larvae make a heavy drain
on the bees' larder. A growing youth of
17 or 18 will require far more food than
an adult, as bone and tissue have to be
built up. The same rule holds good with
bees. Very often the strongest colonies are
in the most danger, by reason of the mul-
titude of larvse in the combs. A supply
of water and artificial pollen should not
be neglected ; both water and pollen are
necessary for feeding the larvse. It must
not be forgotten that contaminated water
is a fruitful source for the spread of " Isle
of Wight ' ' disease, hence the importance
of a supply that is beyond suspicion.

Preparations for increase, if desired, and
queen rearing should be completed.
Swarming will probably be early this year,
and the making of artificial swarms or
nuclei may follow suit, and be done earlier
than usual. A safe plan to follow when
making increase arificially, is not to do it
before the bees swarm naturally. The one
point that amateurs are likely to overlook
when making early nuclei is that there
will most likely be a scarcity of flying
drones to mate the young queen. If a fer-
tile queen is available the case is altered.
The early breeding of drones should be
encouraged in the colony from which they
are desired for mating purposes, and in
all others they should be limited as much
as possible.

A Dorset Yarn.

" Bees are bringing in blue pollen; could
you tell me the plant from which it is
collected? " This was a query last week.
Had to answer, " Cannot tell." But
going out to see some bees (a. bee-keeper
wanted to sell, as he was going back to
Scotland from Dorset) in a vicarage garden,
the bees were carrying in pollen of a blue
colour. All round the hives were the
loveliest blue anemones — not only the ray
petals, but the centres blue as well. Some
old-time parson had planted the garden
Vith some of the choicest flowers from all
parts of the world. It was a perfect para-
dise of flowers, including large tulip trees
(Liriodendron) — a small Dorset village
between the hills close to the sea, with
lOO inhabitants, a little church, and about
20 worshippers, " far from the haunts of
men," but a lovely place to live in, a per-
fect home for bees. On the tops of the
.bars there was plenty of new honey; no
sign of disease, and very strong in num-
bers. They are big blacks; should not
think they are Dutch, as they do not
worry themselves with swarming (as
another bee-keeper had them in Lytchall;
from two hives he had 17 before last sea-
son was over). To see them was an incen-
tive to buy them, so they will go to the
Violet Farm. This old-woi'ld parson's
house and glebe is to be sold, in order
that the parson should have " a living
wage." May some bee-keeper buy it and
finish his life in one of the most delight-
ful counties in England!

Colour of pollen is wonderful. Just now
the swedes, turnips and cabbage are in
full bloom, many acres of them, much
higher than the sheep hurdles that are
confining the sheep. All these pollens are
shades of yellow, but pears have purple-
red stamens of pollen ; the horse chestnut
ihas a scarlet colour; gooseberries, which
are now out in bloom, have greeny-
coloured stamens — if you see the flower
-under a strong lens it has a green calyx,
tinged with dull red mostly, though some
■varieties are much more golden. This
calyx is divided into sepals. At the base
of these rise five small petals in e cup-
ishaped form, with scarcely any colour at
all; between these are the five stamens
with the pollen on the tips, the pistillate
part connected with the ovary standing
■up in the centre of the small cup of five
petals. The great Swedish naturalist
divided up the flora of the world by the
numbers of stamens; this one, you will
notice, has five sepals, five petals and
five stamens. Bees seem to like this flower
more than any other variety of fruit. It.
is not the gay colour that is the incentive,
as they are not at all a showy flower ; but
it must be the strong smell of the nectar
that is within that attracts them in thou-

158

THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL. April 1. 1920.

sands. The flowers must of necessity be
perfectly fertilised, with, so many bees on
them; but, the male and female organs
being so close together, they can be wind-
pollinated as well, unless heavy, driving
rains wash ofi the pollen. But the
flowers are ,so formed that they do not
istand up for the rains to go into the
ifiowerj as they hang outwards and down-
wards,

" Lest the sun be too glaring,
Or the wind too daring."
All iseem to be arranged that the fer-
tilising organs should not be injured. No
wonder the poet Cowley should write in
wonder and praise of the wonders of
Nature's flowers : —

*' If we would open and extend our eye,
We all, like Moses, should espy,

Ev'n in a bush, the radiant Deity;
But we desi^ise these, his inferior ways,
Though no less full of miracle and
praise." J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

" Oh! to be in England, now that April's
there,
And whoever wakes in England sees

some morning unaware
That the lowest bow and the brushwood

sheaf
Bound the elm tree hole are in tiny

leaf,
While the chaffinch sings in the orchard
bough

In England now I "
So sang Browning, and what poet could
resist the call of spring? What a time it
is! And how the countryside, with its
insistent yet still, small voice, speaks its
message of new birth, of peace and love.
The very air is charged' with something
that gives us joy; the earth is full of
scents, the hedgerows and trees encompass
one around with their influence of growth,
and all the birds are making merry with
their mates, while the bees are in never
such a hurry to find the pollen and the
nectar, the propolis and the honeydew.
More of Robert Browning's words come to
mind : — :

" The year's at the spring, and day's at
the morn.
Morning's at seven, the hillside dew-
pearled ;
The lark's on the wing, the snail's on
the thorn —
God's in His Heaven, all's right with
the world! "
Those of us who have been wise and fed
their bees will begin to think seriously of
fiupcring. One stock I have already
«upered. I did it some week or two back
— more, I think, to give room than any-
thing else — and I now find one shallow
frame nigh full. Hard and fast rules arc

iinwise in the bee world. When spring
somes so early we must work in harmony,
and not wait till a given date. As soon
as the brood chamber is covered from
frame to frame, super; and if your bees
are Dutch give them plenty of supers and
heaps of room. In most districts south of
the Trent there will be abundance of
nectar ready for gathering. We went a
stroll yesterday afternoon, my daughter
and I, and oh the joy of it! The hedges
white with blackthorn and wild plum and
cherry; the plum orchards almost singing
with their wealth of blossom white as
milk'; the pear blooms coming on to pro-
vide pabulum for the bees when the plum
petals come snowing down with every
wind. O'er the springy turf, carpeted
with the " wee, modest, crimson-tipped
flower," the celandine, the cowslip and
the violet, the bees are buSy. Here and
there we came across osier and willow
catkins alive with our insect friends. How
happy they are ! The thrush and chaf-
finch sing in tree and bush, wrens come
hopping up, inquisitively asking what
we're doing. We enter a coppice. The
daffs. are over, but the violets and prim-
roses are flowering side by side — one with
a modesty that is of itself a charm, the
other staring up and about as if .to say,
" I'm here." We cross a stream, and are
glad to note that near the edge, where
grass is growing into the water, the bees
rest a while and take a drink. We
return through an avenue of chestnuts
bursting with buds. Later on we shall
walk 'down here at six in the evening and
hear the ceaseless hum of the honey-flies
as they sip the nectar from the opening
flowers. As we ascend up rising ground,
we pause to note the various hues of
green. How Nature conjures with her
colours and her shades ! She makes seem-
ingly impossible ishades blend, by some be-
witching trickery impossible of emulation.
The oaks and elms are silent. A week
ago the blossoms of the latter were the
meeting-places of the Italians and the
Dutch. We are back home now, and note
the box blossom is attracting our golden
friends, but Holland's darkies have other
choices; they will be where the flowers are
white when April's here. Within one box
bush a thrush has njade her nest and de-
posited five black-spotted sea-green eggs.
A mallard and a duck fly overhead, the
que, que, que of the wryneck comes float-
o'er the meads, a cuckoo flits from tree to
tree, too shy as yet to open up in song.
No doubt about it all, spring is here; and
no one loves it more than he or she who
also loves the bees.— E. F. Hemming,
Steeple Gidding.

p.S. — I ask my young friends to forgive
my keeping them waiting. I hope to
complete my confidential talks with Apis
next week.

April 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJByAL.

159

'The Price of Sugar for Bee-
Feeding Purposes.

We Lave received the following circular
letter from the Ministry of Agriculture : —

I am directed to inform you that the
Ministry have been in frequent communi-
cation with the Royal Commission on the
Sugar Svipply on behalf of bee-keepers,
and have been informed that the Com-
mission are unable to reduce the price of
sugar for bee feeding below the economic
price, or below that at which it is sold
for purposes other than grocery and the
manufacture of jam, as this would, in
effect, be equivalent tO' paying a sub-
sidy to the bee-keeping industry. The
Commission add that the price of sugar
for all purposes will probably be raised in
the near future to a figure more closely
approximating to the economic price.

The Ministry regret this decision, but
they would like to point out that in view
of the proposed general increase in price,
bee-keepers cannot expect to receive pre-
ferential treatment.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

ROYAL SHOW FUND.

The Council of the British Bee-keepers'
Association are anxious to take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show may not be spoilt. In order to
defray the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that all bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which should be sent as early as possible
to the Secretary. 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

DONATIONS RECEIVED.

S. d.

I. Price 5 0

W. H. Teed ... ... 10 0

Total

.15 0

LECTURKS AT GOIiDERS HILIi PARK.

A special course of six lectures on bee-
keeping will be given in the British Bee-
keepers' Association's apiary. London
Countv C/Ouncil Park, Golders Hill, Lon-
don, N.W., on Fridavs, April 23 and 30,
May 7, 14, 21, and 28 at 6 o'clock each
evening.

Those desiring to attend these lectures
must make application at once for enrol-
ment and particulars to— W. Herrod-
Hbmpsall, Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, ■W.C.2.

A simple " chat " on bees will be given
free, at 3.30 each afternoon before the
lectures.

Bee Notes from Derbyshire.

I well remember the first time I ever
saw bees working on clover. I should be
about twelve years old. It was in a field
between Ossington and Woodhouse, and I
had to cross this field. It was literally
covered with bees. I was positively
frightened to death, for fear I should get
stung on my bare legs, as they were about
one on every " nob." I well remember
standing watching them, and wondering
whatever in the world they could be after,
so many of them on that one field. There
must have been a good flow on that day.
I little thought then I should ever get so
interested in bees as I am to-day. That
appears to be about the second time I can
ever recollect noticing bees in my young
days ; but I do recollect seeing two lots
in straw skeps on the railway side, be-
tween South Leverton and Cottam, when
I was a lot younger than that, and how
they were working on a patch of white
arabis. And I have also a faint recollec-
tion that the woman who owned them
gave my father a swarm, but where he
stood them the remaining part of that
summer I have not the least idea, as we
had no garden there; but I do remember
seeing the skeps on a pantry shelf in an
empty house next door when the snow was
on the ground, and him saying they would
be warmer in there; but they must have
died, for I never remember anything
more about them. I could not have been
above six or seven years old, and we lived
at South Leverton then.

At the time I saw those bees in the
clover field there used to be four or five
lots under the tiles of the first house going
into Woodhouse from Norwell ; they must
have had quite a store of honey there. I
noticed them there for a year or two at
that time, but as I went away from that
part again in 1884 I could not say much
about them. Perhaps Mr. G. Marshall, at
Norwell. could tell more about them.
The next time I noticed anv bees was at
Sutton in the Yale, near Belvoir, in 1889.
They were swarming, and an old woman
was tanging the old dust-pan and door
key; but I was frightened of bees then,
and I soon " hopped it." Another ten
years passed before I ever noticed any
more bees, nor do I ever remember tast-
ing any honey much till then. I »do re-
member tastine a bit that came from those
two hives beside the railway, and I have
onlv once since tasted any that compared
with it for flavour, with forty years be-
tween the two tastes. Having eaten and
tasted of nounds this last twentv years.
T have only once come across that first
flavour again.

But to come back to that house with
the bees under the Tiles. I wonder if

160

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 1, 1920.

" I.O.W." disease cleared them out. I
was within a mile of the same house on
October 11. I was going by on my bike
when it came on to rain, so I turned round
to go back, and as I turned round I looked
on the same trees that, between thirty and
forty years since, I thought were good
for nothing, only to hide, or block, the
view. I thought what a lovely country
for bees. Just near to me was an acre
of "pussy" willow, that in my boyhood
days were perhaps five feet high, now they |
are very large trees. What a feast there
for bees in the spring ! Away in the dis-
* tance were large trees, such as horse
chestnut, syc?,more, limes, and other
varieties that I could not name, but all
going toward making an ideal place for
the bees.

What a many bee trees have been cut
down these last two or three years for pit
timber nobody knows, but I have noticed
a large amount of sycamore and bass
wood, or lime. I use a lot of timber when
I am at work, and one night we had been
using a lot of what I at first sight took
for elm, judging by the bark. When later
on I had to chop a Large slice out, my mate
picked it up, and says: "What white
wood, as white as snow." As I examined
it more closely by the light of our lamps
I said : " By Jove, its section wood ;
what a shame such wood has to come down
a pit, for that one piece would have cut
hundreds of sections." I have seen a great
lot of it lately ; trees that would be from
7 to 9 in. in diameter. T have thought
somebody's bees would miss them next
year ; perhaps some beeman will be won-
dering where they have gone to. Well,
I can say it will stand a lot of punishment,
same as larch, before it breaks; not like
beech, it snaps in two with a bang, and
down comes the roof very often. But still
I think it's a shame the poor bees should
be robbed of their favourite trees like
that, the same as they have been robbed
of their favourite pasture fields round
here, with dandelions and clover in them.
But so the world rolls on.

I have been busy lately collecting all
my Bee Journals together, and tying each
year's lot in a bunch, and reading them
over again. I have just perused 1899. I
see a lot about Lordswood among that
year's. He was really a very interesting
writer ; and what a lot of names one sees
that are seldom mentioned to-day. I ex-
pect a few have joined the " great
majority," but I am real glad to see Mr.
Loveday has come to life again, for I used
to be very fond of reading his bits in The
Bee JotJRNAL, but real sorry that he got
cleared out with foul brood. A Bee
Disease Act would do such like as them
good, for I came across a case this year
where bees had died of "I.O.W." disease

last winter. A swarm this year had taken
possession of old combs, and died again,
and when I proposed burning the lot, as
the hives were all to bits, the owner said :
" Oh, the frost will clear the disease out."
So there they are, open to all comers. No
wonder " I.O.W. " disease dies so slowly.
— Tom Sleight, Clay Cross, Derbyshire.

The Honey Bird.

The following interesting translation
from an old book has been sent to us by
the Rev. E. H. Oldnam, Stanford Rec-
tory, Worcester. The translation was
made by his son, who is an enthusiastic'
bee-keeper in Rhodesia. In a letter sent
with the article he says: "I picked up
this book by accident, it is extremely old,
and probably by one of the earliest settlers
in the country. The British Bee Journal
may be glad to print it. It rambles at
times, but is true to life, and gives some

idea of how the niggers think in a way."

* * *

The " Insehlu " is a bird which by its
cry calls men to places where there are
honey bees. Among black men it is said
to be a chief. If a man throws a stone
at it when he does not follow it, he is
regarded as a man of naught. For if a
man does not find bees, he should not say,
" Let me throw a stone at it, it is a liar."
It is not so. The bees are there; or if
they are not there, there is something .
else. If he does not see it, he must not
blame the bird ; for if it is struck it is
afraid to call men to the place where
there are honey bees.

It happens when a man is walking, un-
conscious of anything, or perhaps he is
very hungry, and is unable to walk fast,
being a burden to himself ; then may come
a bird, it's name is Insehlu. As he is
walking along, perhaps it appears in
front of him, and he hears it loudly chirp-
ing, and he begins to gain strength
through faith, saying: "My hunger is
already appeased, because I am called for
a reality." So he says in answer:
" Eh ! " or " Chirp !" He first praises, it,
saying: " Thou honey bird, who calls the
women when they are digging ! Yes ! Yes !
Speak, that I hear Avhat you may say."
Then it crys with a very great crying,
and makes a great noise in the bushes :
and the man, too, is very glad. The bird
goes in front, for it is, in fact, a guide.
The man does not ask where he is going.
He follows it continually ; it goes and
waits for him; for it flies, and he passes
with difficulty through the underwood.
If it goes a great distance in front, it
returns and meets him. When he doe?
not hear even its 'cry, and it is quite
silent, he says again and again : " Where

April 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

161

are you gone? " If there is no sound he
begins to shout very loud, saying, " O-o-o-
yi ! " telling it to understand that he is
looking for it. And then he stands near
the place where the bird left him ; for
when it comes back, it comes back to the
place where it left him ; and he hears it
coming and making a great noise, and he
cheers it very much, shouting " E-ha."
At length it comes to him. If it does net
see him and sits on a tree, he at length
stands forth, and sees it, and it sees him,
and so it departs and pitches in front : at
length it comes near the place where the
bees are, and begins to cry less loudly.
And he says : " Let me make haste, for
it has now pitched," when he hears it
gently crying ; but it has not yet settled ;
but when he approaches, it begins to go
towards the ground ; and he thereby
knows that the bees are near at hand.

If the place is exposed, it goes and
settles in front ; it chirps and is silent ;
he again and again responds to it. it
chirps and is silent, and points in the
direction of the bees. "When it sees him
it flies off, and he catches sight of it and
begins to mark down the bees ; again and
again he says : " All ! there they are enter-
ing the foot of the tree.' ' And when he sees
them going in in crowds he draws near ;
and the bird is still. When he reaches
the very place, the bird comes over and
waits over against him, and looks on ; and
he sees that it is quiet ; he digs out the
bees and takes out the honey ; he places
the young bees for the bird, and sticks a
piece of comb on a stick, that it may eat.
And then it will call him again on another
day.

But it does not eat the comb ; it eats
the young bees that can fly. So the man
sets out ; for it is said if a man places
honey for it, it will lose its voice. Per-
haps if it is a country which abounds in
honey, as he is carrying it off looking for
a place where he can eat it, it comes
again, and he hears it crying, and he
responds to it gladly ; but since it has
given him abundance he will not follow it
again ; for he has enough, so he goes home.
And in the thorn country bees are
found by it. A woman follows it ; if it
comes to her when she is digging, she
calls another woman, and they follow it,
and the hvisband sees his wife returning
with honey. Wlien there is a snake , in
the hole, we know that people are fre-
quently bitten when they are taking out
the honey ; for we do not like to destroy
the hole; and a wise man when he digs
does not injure the hole by which the bees
ejiter ; he digs at the side, and makes a
hole by which he can take out the comb ;
we do not destroy the hole by digging ;
for if we destroy it, that swarm of bees

will not repair it; we mcasuie the hole
we have made, that wo may find a stone
and close it up nicely.

If there is a snake in the hole, when
the man takes out the lioney, perhaps ho
sees there are holes in thii comb; perhaps
he says it is roots wliich have occasioned
the holes ; but if it is roots, the combs are
broken. At the last where the snake is
coiled up, when he tliinks to grasp the
last comb (the eyes cannot see inside, he
is searching about with his hand only),
he feels himself Avounded; he draws his
hand out rapidly, and sees it bleeding ;
he has been bitten. If it is a mambu, ho
will die there and then. If it is anotlior
snake, perhaps he w:ll live i;) have reme-
dies applied.

Now, before we dig, we h(:s\n. by puttinfi;
a stick into the mouth of tlic h.ole, that wy
may see if there is a snake with the bees
or not. If there is, as scon as the man
puts the stick in, the bees will walk on it.
So he s-rys, " There is a snake," and will
leave that hole if he is a tinn'd man; but
if he is brave, he will break down the
whole, that he may see wliaf he is about,
when he is taking out the lioney. That
is how it is. When it calls a person to a
place where there is a hopavd, it is heard
striking its sides with its wings; and then
a man will turn back. But at first it was
not so; it was not understood what it was
doing, until the plaro was seen where the
leopard was; and he said: " 0, it calls me
to where there is a leopard forsooth."
Or it m.ay call to a place where th-n-e is a
dead goat, or a bulli->ck devoured by wild
beasts, or a great stiake coiled up. As it
happened to us, when we wer ■ living on
the IMtshingwe Eiver. Our fai .er having
killed a buffalo, wo awoke e-ly in the
morning to g(< and fetch the ; esh ; when
the sun was new hot, there caiie a honey
bird^ and calle.l lis urgently; as we were
many, we chose some of us to follow jt ;
some set out for tti:^ phu"-- wliere we were
going; and oth.ors ioUow.id it As it was
winter, the v.hole i.Min'''y had been
burnt, and nothing Wi** . -ncealed by long
grass; when it arrived at the site of an
old village, it stoppe'l and pitched in an
open space; we proceeded gentlv, saying:
"Why, what kind of noes are those which
are in an open situation?" When we
came up it flew away, and pitched again
near at hand over a^-ainst us. and was
silent. We looked and looked, but found
nothing. We went awny, going along and
talking. But it eanie back again, and
took us back to the same place. We
searched and searchoil <'nr we were look-
intr for hon"- • ut it, lorsooth, was not
calling us f ■■ iionev ; it was calling us for
something else. As we were sc.nrchin,g,
bent on itself under a tree, it had an

162

THE BRITISH BEE JOTJRNAL. April 1, 1920.

opening, and was large. I shouted: " Be-
hold my piece of metal. We all ran
liurrying together to the place. I took
it up; it was heavy. I said: "What
metal is this? " The others said: "It is
really metal." But we disagreed. We
found a stone and struck it, and said :
" Ah 1 so it is a collar of red brass." So
we walked away ; it was silent ; and that
was the end of it.

*'Ichabod"; or,

" THE bee-keeper's LAMENT.

Twelve empty hives with fast-closed door,
The glory from the scene now fled.

Silence where all was life before —
The gloom and silence of the dead !

My ban upon the fell disease

That sprang from yonder luckless Isle,*
And slew my poor defenceless bees

With baffling art, o'ermastering guile!

Shame on the high-placed, faithless

" crew,"
Who watched the plague spread far and

wide —
Like fire before the wind it flew —

Yet no preventive measures tried !

* • * ♦

CJompanions of my leisure hours,
My little friends, for you I mourn,

I miss your songs among the flowers
That everywhere the earth adorn.

I miss th' excitement of the swarm.
That pours like torrent from the hive.

Your circling as in wild alarm.
The air with myriad wings alive.

I miss the cheerful, drowsy hum
That with soft music fills the air,

As hurrying past in bands you come,
And home your precious treasures bear.

While I, as seated on a throne, z

Observe you do my sovereign will,
Me as your rightful master own,

And with rich stores my garners fill.

• • « *

You flowers, that daily open wide.
And draw the busy, wandering bee.

In vain you strive your grief to hide —
I know you grieve along with me;

For now your sweets go all to waste,
None now the fragrant nectar sips,

And you must miss the kisses chaste
The bees imprinted on your lips !

And you, ye fair, fruit-bearing trees,

Now void of all fertility,
You, too, bewail my vanished bees —

The cause of your sterility !

Alas, those hives with fast-closed door,

The glory from the scene now fled.
Silence where all was life before.
The gloom and silence of the dead !
A. E. McInnes.
Roberton Manse, Hawick.
• Isle of Wight.

Stinging.

I am not an, orthodox bee-keeper.

Heterodoxy hrfs advantages, and disad-
vantages. One of the advantages is that
it brings one into contact with out-of-the-
way facts of bee life not apprehended of
the many. A serious disadvantage is that
it will effectually prevent me ever taking
the expert certificate of the B.B.K.A.
For I perform my manipulations in gloves,
and this, I am assured, is one of the
cardinal sins which no board of examiners
will ever overlook.

Of course, gloves are a nuisance. So is
something else. And when a wise man
has to choose between two nuisances, he is
morally bound to prefer the less to the
greater. Otherwise, he will cease to merit
the adjective.

The other nuisance is that indispensable
weapon of every hefty bee-man, the
smoker. At least, a nuisance I have found
it, and so, I think, have others, if they
would but make that open confession
which we are told is so good for the soul.
At the first bee meeting that I ever
attended it took the united, and some-
times desperate, efforts of two leading
members of the committee to maintain
the smoker in usable condition for the
lecturer. And they were not always suc-
cessful. Indeed, as the lecture proceeded
the manipulation of the bees took a
gradually decreasing position of import-
ance, and' the attention of everybody, in-
cluding the lecturer, was concentrated
upon the greater problem of keeping the
smoker alight.

I confess that I could never manage it —
the smoker, I mean. It roared like a
furnace what time I stood it on end, and
when I laid it in a reclining position it
incontinently yielded up the ghost. If I
reached for it as it stood in the perpen-
dicular position, in a mechanical sort of
way, having my attention riveted upon
some problem of the stock-chamber, I was
almost certain to grab it by a part that
had become red-hot, which casualty im-
pelled me to " tell the bees " certain facts
in terms which it was well for me the
wise and discerning little creatures kept
closely to themselves and never repeated
to anybody. At other times I would find
the smoker about as much use to me as
a raw potato might have been, and would
fling it away in disgust. Finally I put
my foot through the bellows of the
treacherous appliance and relegated it to
the dust-heap.

Thereafter, with a certain savage de-
termination, setting at naught the open
jeers and the secret pity of the elect, I
pulled on a pair of stout gloves, with
gauntlets attached, and went through my
maaipulations without smoke, letting the

April 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

163

b«es do just what they liked. And,
strange to say, nothing very catastrophic
happened. The bees were good sports-
imicn, and declined to take any undue
advantage.

My first gloves were of stout leather,
strong enough to turn the rapier of any-
thing but a very .malignant "black."
The points of the digits I cut off, suffi-
cient to bare my fingers and thumbs as
far as the first joint. Thus provided, I
oould perform the most intricate opera-
tions of the hive without feeling the least
clumsy. Picking queens off the comb, and
caging them, became quite easy; not so
easy, though, what I had always found a
far more difficult operation — picking up
workers by the wings and pushing them
head foremost through the little hole in
the end of the travelling cage, after their
mistress. Even using the grafting tool,
and transferring tiny larvse from the
depths of unshorn worker-cells to the
spacious accoAmodation of queen-cups,
was successfully accomplished in gloves
with bared finger-tips. . . . No, certainly
gloves do not make one clumsy. And the
saving of time, by discarding the smoker,
is immense.

(To he continued.)

**The British Isles Honey
Producers* Association."

Since November last I have been think-
ing over a scheme which will materially
help every bee-keeper in the British Isles
to dispose of his honey crop in the best
possible market and at the same time
stimulate the demand for the "home-pro-
duced " article.

Like most other plans which aim at large
things its success will be entirely depen-
dent upon the amount of financial hack-
ing, and it will depend upon the way in
which the funds are spent.

To put it as briefly as possible, what 1
suggest is this: —

All bee-keepers should amalgamate (co-
operate is another word) to form what I
should like to call " The British Isles
Honey Producers' Association," and asked
to subscribe a reasonable sum each to a
" central fund." It will be useless to stint
the amount of such a subscription, and I
would suggest a minimum of £1 Is. per
annum (if a " sliding scale " rate could
be adopted for the larger owners, so much
the better), and it would be advisable to
operate each county separately and
through the county association. This fund
should be used primarily for extensive
propaganda work, chiefly by means of the
newspapers, in educating the public to the
higher value of British (home produced)

honey over that of imported foreign
honies ; and also for expenses in seeking
contracts and sales of the crops. I would
suggest that every county association sets
up centres for the. receiving, grading and
packing of the honey, which should be
graded and packed in uniform standard
packages, bearing the mark and guarantee
of the local association. All returns should
be liable to a small commission to defray
working expenses. ,

As every bee-keeper who had honey to
sell would benefit by the undoubted in-
creased demand, it would be " up to him "
to support such an association, whether
he sent any of his crop in or not. Such an
increased demand will be still further
assured if every reader of the British Bee
JoUBNAL will add his vote to the motion
I made to the Board of Trade that
all foreign honey be compelled to be
labelled with its " country of origin " and
the nett weight of contents stated on the
label.

I wish every reader of the Journal to
seriously think over these proposals, for in
view of the possibilities of the future it
is hopeless, madness, indeed, to think of
going on in the same old easy way. Sugar
is threatened to Be Is. or over per pound.
Jam will, therefore, be dear ; sweets and
confectionery will likewise suffer, " and
honey will maintain a high price?" Oh,
dear no ! Not by any means ! Read the
current American bee papers, and see what
they consider their prospects are for 1920 1

I venture to predict we shall have hun-
dreds of tons of foreign honey dumped
upon us next autumn, and those of us who
already are finding it difficult to dispose
of first-class (and even extra fancy) honey
at moderate prices, will then find we shall
have to sell our crops at prices lower than
sugar. _

By a curious coincidence I see in the
February numbers of the American Bee
Journal and Gleanings a report that the
old " National Bee-keepers' Association "
(of U.S.A.) is re-forming along lines
similar to those outlined in my sugges-
tions. Now it behoves us " to be up and
doing," and I sincerely trust this appeal
will meet with all the support such a move-
ment will require. Get busy with your
local association secretary and don't for-
get the " Bradburys " and "Fishers." The
whole thing will depend upon the commer-
cial spirit which must permeate every idea
and movement in its connection.

The most important point to my mind,
in the operations to be undertaken, will
be to make certain of the market first !

I know someone will say, " counting your
chickens " — but I ask which is the worse,
to have heaps more orders than you can
execute, or tons more supplies than you

164

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

April 1, 1920.

can sell ? And, incidentally, which state
of affairs maintains the best returns?

If correct propaganda (advertising if
you like, only " propaganda " includes
more than mere advertising), is carried
out from the start, each succeeding year
will see less need for so much of it, unless
the encouragement received brings many
more recruits to our calling,

Don't forget 1918! — when nearly
£3,000,000 went " west." Yes, literally
west, on imported honey, and all of it
could have been producecl in this country.
May it never happen again— but if will if
we don't "amalgamate." — F. M.
Claridge, Copford, March 6, 1920.

Echoes from the Hives.

Have just been through the bees, and
lit majr be of interest to some of your
readers to know the result.

All but one are safely through. Un-
fortunately, one very strong lot has gone
under. It died about five weeks ago
(through -my carelessness) of starvation.
It was on 10 or 11 standard frames, and
much pollen was stored under honey which
gave the impression last autumn that it
had plenty of stores.

Most of my stocks are, as you know, on
16 by 10 frames, and all these are strong
— indeed, five or six of them have six or
seven combs almost completely full of
brood. The standards are not so forward
(they never are) except in one case where
there are seven combs of brood. This does
not amount to the same thing as 7 16-by-
10, or even six of the latter.

The most striking experiment of all
this winter was with a rather weak stock
in a very old hive, which I bought from
a neighbour who sold his farm and had
it left about. When I bought these they
had practically no food. I gave them two
combs of sealed stores — one hanging and
one lying flat on top of combs. The roof
did not fit the hive, and it was impos-
sible to pack them properly.

Indeed, throughout the winter, there
has been direct draught right over the
tops of frames. This stock has wintered
well, and had four combs of brood on
March 21.

Of all the stocks wintered the one with
most brood has been left all winter with
a ^-in. deep entrance left open the full
width of the hive. I mean that there
was a -y-in. space under the combs right
to tlie back given by means of cleats
nailed on the bottom and thus giving |-in.
entrances. This is a 16 by 10 stock, and
has seven combs covered with brood almost
to the top bar.

I also have wintered 10 stocks pur-

chased in butter and other boxes last
-autumn. These have no protection what-
ever, except at top, and are unpainted,
and the wood is half-inch stuff. The top
is just covered with a bit of linoleum
tacked on. These are all very strong, for-
ward, and appear to be breeding fast.
Some have not got the combs more than
half-built down.

I know it has been an exceptional win-
ter, but I think the above goes to prove
that my contention, that expensive double-
walled hives are quite unnecessary, is
justified. — ^RoB. B. Manley, Brightwell,
Wallingford, March 25.

Jersey (Channel Islands) Bee-
Keepers' Association.

Annual Meeting.

The annual meeting of the above was
held at the' Agricultural Society's office,
St. Helier, on March 5,^ and was well
attended.

The President, Mr. P. N. Richardson,
took the chair, but announced that owing
to pressure of business he was unable,
much to his regret, to accept nomination
for another year, and the Vice-President,
Mr. J. D. Arthur, wrote to the same
effect.

The following were then elected : —
President, Maj/or Fulle; vice-president,
the Rev. Van der Beken ; lion, secretary
and hon. treasurer, Mr. P, A. Gore. The
Council for the current year elected were :
— Mr. P. N. Richardson, the Rev. J. G.
Balleine, the Rev. R. Le Sueur, Mr.
J. D. Arthur, Mr. J. A. Grew, Miss Hind
and Miss Luce.

A number of members exhibited samples
of honey. During the subsequent discus-
sion members were reminded that owing
to the efforts of the Rev. R. Le Sueur,
the States of Jersey passed a law prohibit-
ing the importation of bees into the island
from England, owing to the prevalence of
" Isle of Wight " disease in the latter
country, which is non-existent in Jersey.
—P. A. Gore.

Doncaster & District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Annual Meeting.

The annual general meeting was held
at the Grammar School, Doncaster, on
Saturday, March 20, General Sir Bewicke-
Copley, C.B., presiding.

The Rev. G. H. Hewison, hon. secre-
tary, read the report of the Committee.
The membership showed a slight increase
in numbers, there being now 63 members.
The season was started with a balance in
hand of £2 15s. 8d., and the present
balance in hand was £7 12s. 8d., mainly

April 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

165

due to the generous financial help given
by the President and the Vice-presidents.

Locally the season was an exceptionally
bad one for honey-gathering. Disease is
still rampant, and many stocks have been
lost during the winter. We hope that
legislation will soon be an established
fact, and feel confident that good results
would thereby ensue.

The Committee wished to congratulate
the Hon. Secretary on his having obtained
a first-class expert certificate from the
British B.K.A. j

The Committee regretted that ihey were
not nearly so successful with the Govern-
ment re-stocking scheme as they had hoped
to be. The long drought, followed by
cold, windy weather, prevented the secre-
tion, or gathering of nectar, so that breed-
ing was spasmodic. Moreover, the queens
available from Italy were much fewer in
number, and arrived later in the season
than had been expected. Another diffi-
culty, and this was common throughout
the country, was the apparent antipathy
of the Dutch bees to Italian queens, mak-
ing it a difficult matter to introduce the
latter. Instead of twelve queens expected,
four only were received, and of these one
arrived dead, and another was killed on
introduction, and a third was "balled"
by one stock before being safely intro-
duced to another.

Throughout the season, and particularly
towards the end, it was found that the
Dutch bees made little attempt to ward
oflF attacks of wasps, which were numer-
ous, and anj' weak stocks soon fell victims.

Finally twenty nuclei were distributed,
but most of these went to the Sheffield
people whose applications preceded those
of our own members.

During the season Mr. W. Herrod-
Hempsall, F.E.S., paid a visit to our re-
stocking apiaries and expressed himself
as fully satisfied with the progress made.

General Sir Bewicke-Copley, C.B., was
elected president; J. A. Claxton, Esq.,
M.A., chairman of the Committee; the
Rev. G. H. Hewison. hon. secretary and
expert of the Association ; and the fol-
lowing were elected members of the Com-
mittee:— Rev. M. Yate Allen, M.A., Mr.
R. W. Merriman, Mr. W. T. Chafer, Mr.
W. Clark, 'Mrs. Claxton, Mrs. Wynne
Davies and Mrs. Jennings.

At the conclusion of the meeting an
interesting lecture and demonstration on
wax-rendering was given by Mr. W. Gar-
well, hon. secretary and expert of the
Sheffield B.K.A. Mr. Garwell is the win-
ner of many prizes at various shows
throughout the country, and he demon-
strated how wax should be prepared for
the show-bench. His demonstration was
much appreciated by all present, and a

hearty vote of thanks was proposed by
Mr. Claxton and accorded by those pre-
sent.— G. H. Hewison, hon. secretary.

Scottish Bee-Keepers' Association.

The Association reports most encourag-
ing progress during the past year. The
federated associations have increased from
25 to 34, and now cover practically the
whole country. The decrease in virulence
of the dreaded " Isle of Wight " disease,
and the demand for honey at a remunera-
tive price have led to a great demand for
bees and to increased interest in the
study of the subject of practical modern
methods. This has been shown by the
number of candidates seeking to gain
certificates in practical bee-keeping. Dur-
ing the year 60 candidates gained the
Bee-master certificate, and the Expert
Diploma (E.B. :S.B.A.) was gained by 25.
Of the successful candidates no fewer than
13 were ladies. The financial grant made
by the Scottish Board of Agriculture to
the Scottish Bee-keepers' Association is
being used for propaganda work, and for
the taking of a census of bee-keepers and
bee-hives in Scotland. This will be useful
in the interests of the bee-keeping indus-
try, and may facilitate the securing and
distribution of sugar for feeding bees.
The financial abstract for the year shows
a favourable balance, which will admit of
considerable aggressive work being under-
taken, and proposals are being considered
for making grants to any federated
branch or association which engages a
qualified expert to visit and advise its
m.embers. The contractor for the supply
of bee goods and appliances to members
is Messrs. Steele & Brodie, Wormit-on-
Tay. Depots for the disposal of the sur-
plus produce of members have been
arranged at Edinburgh, Dundee and
Perth. The annual exhibition will be
held as usual in connection with the High-
land and Agricultural Show at Aberdeen
in July. The new hon. secretaiy is the
Rev. John Beveridge, B.D., Gartmore.
The new president, Mr. J. H. Langlands,
C.E., E.B., S.B.A., Dundee, will succeed
the retiring President, Mr. John Ander-
son, M.A.. B.Sc, Aberdeen at the next
meeting of the Council which falls to be
held at Perth in April.

Ginger Cake.

One cup honey, half cup sour milk, half
cup butter or dripping. Warm these
ingredients together and add one table-
spoonful ginger and 1 teaspoonful soda,
sifted in with flour enough to make a soft
batter. Bake in flat pan. — The Western
Honey Bee.

166

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 1, 1920.

What is Wrong with the Graft ?

[10156] '• What is wrong with the craft"
is very largely that so many of those who
call themselves experts are in the unen-
viable state of being entirely satisfied
with themselves and their methods. These
men are hopelessly reactionary, hating all
progress and deprecating all discussion.
They appear to hold ideal a kind of mil-
lenium of smug complacency and stagna-
tion which would lead nowhere, and inci-
dentally save them the trouble of learning
anything new. — R. B. Manley.

To Keep Ants from Having

Nests in Hives. — -•— ^

_ [10167] It is often found that ants enter
hives and make their nests and de-
posit eggs, and make an unusual mess,
To prevent this take 1 lb. of hyposulphite
of soda (the fixing agent for negatives) to
one gallon of 'water. Dissolve and apply
to parts of hive (not where bees are)
either hot or cold, to all crevices and
corners frequented by ants. Use it by
means of a fine sprayer. Will quickly
destroy them. One need not drench the
parts. — The Bee Master op Warrilow.

C v. Bi/ACKHAM (Tunbridge).— t/singr mildewed
combs.— Spray the combs with a 10 per cent,
solution of Formalin and water.

6. Marfleet (l.O.'W.).— Sugar sample.— T}he sugar is
not suitable for b€6 food. W© understand that
■retailers have instructions that only white cane
sugar is to be supplied for the purpose. Brown
sugar, even if pure cane, is not suitable for bee
food. Make a complaint to the Ministry of
Agricnlture, and enclose sample of sugar.

C. E. GoTJLD (Guernsey).—" Java Crystals " will be
cane sugar. See reply to S. Marfleet.

E. G. Ballard (Bucks).— Get a swarm of bees
locally if possible. You will find bees advertised
in our prepaid advt. columns. Better join the
Bucks B.K.A. The Secretary is Mr. E. Ef. Ball,
Nockhill, Denham, Bucks.

G. Hamilton (Ilford).— Try Jas. Lee & Son,
Ux bridge.

F. .T. Bewkert (Sydenham).— (1) It will be quite
safe to use the combs now. (2) Place them
between the other combs, next to the outside
comb of brood.

C. F. C. (Clare).— (a) The queen was not an
Italian, but she may have mated with an Italian
drone. In that case most of the workers will
hp more or less bniidcd with yellow, (h) Yes.

C. F. (Grimsby). Dr. Helen Goodrich, Dopartment
of Comparative .\natomy, The University,
Oxford. l>ead bees are of no use; only live beee
should be sent.

Suspected Disease.
Miss E. T. Marriage (Essex).— The trouble is

" I.O.W." disease. The Secretary of the Essex

B.K.A. is Mr. G .R. Alder, 7, Bulwer Eoad,

Leytonstone.
E. Dalziel (Dellburn).-^Cau6e of death was

" I.O.W." disease. See reply to C. V. Blackham.
W. T. (Farmers).— The trouble is "I.O.W."

disease.
ti W. Mason (Barton-on-Humber).— We do not

find disease. It is probably the old bees dying

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade adveTtisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at IJd. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only he inserted at a minimum
charge of 5s. per Jin... or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra toill be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNINO for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertumt
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRXVATB ADVEKTISBIMENTS.

ASSISTANT wanted in Apiary; must have good
practical experience.— Box No. 76, B.B.J.
Office, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2. d.2

FOUR healthy Stocks of Hybrids and Hives com-
plete, also empty Hives for Sale.— THOS. E.
PILGRIM, St. John's Cross, Great Chesterford.
Essex. d.3

FOUR strong Stocks of Bees, new Hives, £4 10s.
each, and spare lifts, etc. IMust be sold, owner
going away.— Martin. 75, Southview Road, South-
wick, Sussex. d.4

FOR SALE, Apiary, consisting of two healthy
Stocks Bees (hybrids) on W.B.C. Hives, on
10 and 11 standard frames; also five other Hives
(one new), with lifts, racks, sections, and most
appliances wanted for bee-keeping; price £15.—
Apply, Homefield, Ganwick, Barnet. d.5

SWARMS for Sale, May and June, from healthy
stocks.^CHRISTIE, Hill View, Oxted Road,
Godstone, Surrey. d.6

PRIME healthy Stocks of Bees on 10 frames,
75s., April delivery, £1 deposit; English
Honey, granulated solid, 28-lb. tins, 35s. each.—
VINCENT, 132, Croydon Road, Anerley, S.E. d.7

VACANCY for Pupil to learn honey production,
either sex; cycle rider; men must be ex-
Service; five apiaries; genuine workers, no
premium.— THOMAS, Causeway, Burwell, Cambs.

d.8

IT^OR SALE, about 5 cwt. pure English Honey.
. No reasonable offer refused to clear. — Box 76,

B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street. Strand, W.C.2.

d.9

WANTED, 10/15 first-class Stocks of Bees,
guaranteed free from disease.— Box 77, B.B.J.
Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. d.lO

IMMEDIATE DELIVERY.— Four strong Stocks
of Hybrids on 8 frames each, will all swarm
early, £4 10s. each.-'G. PRESSEY, St. Elmo,
Coulfldon, Surrey. d-H

April 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

16T

SHOULD any D.B. wish to try the 8s. 6d.
Government Queens instead of the 12s. May
and June Pennas we are supplying, we will
giacUy return any money deposited. We have run
out of Cambs Bee Barometers, temporarily, but a
Cambs Cuckoo Card will be eent to any address on
receipt of a IJd. stamp.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. d.l2

FOR SALE, Hives, Extractor, Supers, and all
necessary Bee Appliances. Giving up owing
to lack of time. Full particulars on application.
AH in good condition.— MISS CHILD. White
Lodge, Woodside Road, Woodford Green. d.l3

ITALIAN HYBRIDS, 1919 Queens; six strong
Stocks ready for eupering, guaranteed healthy,
April delivery, £4 10s.; case, returnable, 10s. extra.
—TURNER, Schoolmaster, West Drayton, Middle-
sex. d.l4

SIX STOCKS Hybrid Italians, Claridge's strain,
9 and 10 frames, guaranteed healthy, 1919
Queens, all in good, sound hives; also four empty
Hives, splendid condition; large Solar Wax
Extractor, as new; eight Supers, Shallow Combs,
four Section Racks, five Excluders, 11 3-frame
Nuclei Hives; all healthy, in good condition; lot
£30. Purchaser must- remove.— DOWNS, Hard-
wycke Lodge, near Wellingborough, Northants.

d.l5

WANTED, by disabled soldier, in exchange for
mahogany brass dial Grandfather (sound con-
dition, value £20) offers in Stocks of Hybrids,
hived. — Communicate, ALEXANDER, Whinnie
House, Carlisle. d.l6

PROFITABLE modern and complete Apiary for
Sale (removal) owing ill-health; £400 quick
sale.— Write, " N. C," c/o J. W. VICKERS &
CO., LTD., 5, Nicholas Lane, E.C.4. d.l7

WANTED, immediately, Essex district, two
strong Stocks pure Italian, or Italian
Hybrids, with 1919 Queens. — State price, and where
can be inspected, Box 78, B.B.J. OfBce, 23, Bed-
lord Street, W.C.2. dJ8

FOR SALE, 1 cwt. English Honey, candied, in
28-lb. tins, £9 per cwt.— C. CLARK, 37,
Locket Road, Wealdstone, Middlesex. d.l9

FOR SALE, W.B.C. Hives, Section Racks, two
cases new Sections, and other sundries. — For
particulars apply W. H. SIMS, The Summit,
Rednal Road, King's Norton, Birmingham. d.20

0 WAN GEARED REVERSIBLE EXTRACTOR,
been used twice, not a scratch, £4 10s.; large
Ripener, Taylor's, good order, 25s.; Cottage
Extractor, painted green, wants cleaning, only £1;
new Clearer Boards, with escapes, 36. 6d. and 3s.
each; several good W.B.C. pattern Hives, .double
walled throughout, two racks for shallow frames.
30s. each; Rapid Feeders, used. Is. 6d.; several
racks of drawn-out Shallow Combs, clean, 66. each.
Cash returned if not approved; carriage extra.—
CURTIS, The Limes, Holbeach. d.21

OUR STOCKS OP BEES, six Hives, quantity

extra fittings. Veil, Bellows, Glass Honey

Jars, etc.— VILLAROSA, Hartley, Longfield, Kent.

d.22

ELEVEN CWTS. pure Irish Honey in 56-lb. tins
at £8 per cwt.— PETER LENNON, Comanure,
Ballyhay, Co. Monaghan, Ireland. c.92

FOR SALE, strong cast, new Skep, 1919, win-
tered own stores, Penna strain, very strong,
£4 10s.— MEAD, 27. Godson Road, Croydon. c.95

GOOD STANDARD HIVE, full of healthy
(Italian hybrid) Bees, £5 10s.; also one
£4 10s.; hives included.— WHITE, 16, Pulteney
Road, South Woodford, Essex. r.c.95

HAVING bought another Apiary, can offer the
following bargains : Three pure Italian
Stocks, £5 each; seven ordinary Stocks for £28, or
single Stock for £4 as. 6d.; three Dutch Stocks,
£11 15e. ; all bar frame.— THOMAS, The Causeway,
Burwell, Cambs. c.97

BEES.— Several Stocks for Sale, 6 frames, 3 gs.;
also Swarms, May and June.— MISS NEALE,
Highfleld, Littlehampton. r.c.117

OWING to considerable reduction in my stocks
I have a large variety of healthy bee goods
for disposal, mostly for W.B.C. hives. Send for
list.— DELL'S, County Apiaries, Leigh, Lanes.

r.c.58

PLANT "Willow Herb" for your bees; useful
and ornamental; 12 roote. 2s.— BOWEN, Pitt-
ville Street, Cheltenham. r.c.6

170R SALE, large quantity of Appliances, includ-
. ing 6-frame reversible Geared Extractor in
good condition, nearly new Dadant New Wax Press,
Honey Ripeners. Nucleus Hives, Travelling Boxes,
both swarms and frames, large number of Section
Racks, including single walled, Lee's pattern.
Burgess double walled, and W.B.C. hanging
frames, Shallow Frame Boxes, etc., quantity new
Frames, Sections, Metal Ends, Honey Jars, Glass
for glazing. Smokers, etc.— May be viewed by
appointment, or particulars from " S.," Avenue
House, Finchley Lane, Hendon. Stamp for reply.

C.14

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Price and
particulars to W. HEBEOD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Lnton, Beds.

ANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERBOD-HBMPSALL, as above.

W

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lie., post
free; one Wood Milne Motor Jboot Pump. 466.,
carriage free.- HERROD-HEMPSALL. ae above.

CORRESPONDENCE Course in B«e-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING, Golden Square, Hen-
field, Sussex. r.a.54

BUSUTESS ADVEBTZSEMEITTS.
i^d. per word.

A LIMITED NUMBER of six-comb Nuclei for
disposal, end of May or early June, 3 gs.
each; guaranteed healthy.— Communicate with
FRANK HOLLOWAY, Windmill House, Croxley
Green, Herts. d.l

THREE-BANDED ITALIANS.— Real Producers,
We can still book orders for 3-frame Nuclei.
Bees, Brood, and 1920 Queens, delivery May, 50s.
Safe delivery guaranteed, or money returned. We
have received numerous letters from our customers
expressing their satisfaction with nuclei and
queens sent them during 1919. Lists sent on
receipt of stamped, addressed envelope.— FREE-
MAN & BROS., Hillside Apiaries, Ipswich. c.85

3 -FRAME NUCLEI, 45s.; 4-frame, 556.; boxes
7s. 6d., returnable. Queens, June 10s., August
Is. 6d. Cash witto order. All ^guaranteed healthy.
Over 30 years' experience.- G. SAWYER, Marlow,
Bucks. C.55

NEW-ENGLAND-BRED ITALIAN QUEENS.-
Untested laying Queens, ready June 1, 10s.,
delivery guaranteed.; 6s. at purchaser's risk. Eng-
lish money accepted by registered mail.— ALLEN
LATHAM, Norwichtown, Conn., U.S.

QUANTITY of drawn-out Shallow Combs, excel-
lent condition. Is. 6d. each.— E. p. TAYLOR,
Welwyn, Herts. d^

NUCLEI for honey production. Nuclei for re-
stocking purpo-ses. Vigorous strains of world-
wide reputation.— STURGES, Shenstone, Hartford.
Cheshire. d^

IN response to numerous and grateful inquires
from careful apiarists, I am now able to offer
my Bee Disease Remedy in a very effectual form;
you are courting trouble in not using same; 36.,
post free. My hygienic methods are original, and
-unique, ensuring the best in bees. Nuclei from
50s.— ARTHUR TROWSE, Bade Road, Norwich.

168

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 1, 1920.

ORDERS booked for S-frame Nuclei, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. List for
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. CRACKNELL,
Mount Road, Thundersley, Essex. d.27

PRUNES AND PRISMS." Chapter IIT.,
" Week-end Bee-keeping," will be out
April 1; " Paralipomena," Chapter IV., on May I.
— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge.

d.28

PURE GOLDEN ITALIAN and Three-band Bees
and Queens combine all qualities desirable;
deliveries guaranteed by booking; list, etamp.-
OOQMBER, 64, Ronald Park Avenue, Westcliff-on-
Sea. tiL29

INVICTA KENT BEES.— Nuclei for Sale. Write
for particulars, then, if satisfied, send 26. 6d
deposit with order, balance June 1.— EDWARD
GRISTWOOD, Cheriton, Folkestone. Same
address 17 years. d.30

ITALIAN NUCLEI, with 1920 Queens, 40s.~
FOALE, Wolverton, Bucks. c.lll

DUTCH AND DUTCH-ITALIAN.— Four-frame
Nuclei, May-June delivery, orders in rotation,
£3 3s.; cash with order; carriage paid. I strongly
recommend my Dulch-Italians. See B.B.J. ,
February 26, page 99, conference of Britisii Bee-
keepers re legislation. Dutch and Italian Ihad been
tried; they were quite convinced that it was worth
while putting one's money on this strain — Dutcn-
Italian Hybrids.— SEALE, Ashley Cottage, Oat-
lands Drive, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. r.c.ll2

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.-Oata-
logue from H. STICH, Riccartebar Avenue,
Paisley. c.ll6

ITALIANS.— Queens, 5s. Book now. Stamp.—
HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup. r.c.77

FOR SALE, Swarms, Hybrid Italians. Orders
executed in strict rotation.— KAYE, Kilderry,
Hatfield Peverel, Essex. r.c.79

HAVE YOU WINTERED 100 PER CENT.?
If not, your strain must be wrong. Booking
orders mow for delivery June onwards. Hardy,
disease-resisting, home-reared Italians; splendid
honey gatherers. Three-frame Nuclei, 1920 Queen,
price £3 3s., carriage paid; 7s. 6d. refunded on box
if returned carriage paid, Saxilby Station.
Terms : Cash with order.— HERBERT VALLEY,
Apiarist, Saxilby, Lincoln. r.c.80

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3 frames crowded with
sealed brood, 1920 Queen, early delivery, £3 38.,
carriage paid; box 10s., returnable. Cash with
order. Complete satisfaetion guaranteed or money
returned.— E. H. TUNMER, "Chalfonts," Leiston,
Suffolk. r.c.81

DON'T BUY BEES until you have seen our
prices and guarantee. You risk nothing, as
we return money in full if bees fail to give com-
plete satisfaction. Catalogue 3d., which is
refunded on first order.— PEARSON & GALE.
Marlborough. r.c.84

BEES FOR SALE.— Several small Stocks, on six
combs, of honey fed. healthy Bees, £3 10s.
each; travelling box 10s., refunded if box returned
in sound condition within seven days. Stamp for
reply.— REED. Primrose House, Heacham, King's
Lynn. r.b.30

PENNA strain Italian Queens, from June 7.—
ASHWORTH, The Bungalow. Weymouth
Street, Warminster. r.c.52

STRONG, healthy Bees, ijO-frame Stock in W.B.C.
hive, now; 6-frame Stocks, April; Swarms to
order.— SMITH, 5, Florence Terrace, Ramsgate.
r.c.56

WATERPROOF RUBBER SHEETS for cover-
ing outhouses, etc., 72in. by 36in., brass
eyelets. 12 for aOa.-^SAGARS STORES. Ardwick,
Manchest«r. bJC

ITALIAN NUCLEI from 308., Fertile Queen from
7s. 6d., Virgins from 3s. 6d., 8-frame Stocks £4.
Warranted healthy. Particulars stamp.— WATTS,
Conway Cottage, Newtown, Pajkstone. Dorset.

. r.b.93

HAVE YOU READ "THE BBB WORLD "»
If not, why not? Every number in itself ii
a useful literary work for practic« and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB.
Port Hill House. Benson, Oxon.

" PLAGIARISM "—

and Other Things.

While the American Bee Journal objects to
being copied, however innocently, we have
alvyays held that " Imitation is the sincerest
form of flattery."

Thus, we feel proud to see present-day
advertisers following the example set in 1916,
when we started a new "STANDARD " in the
sale of NUCLEI — previous to which date it
was considered correct to always send the two
outside combs containing no brood, and often
there was little enough in the other.

At this date we commenced advertising our
famous 3-f rame Nuclei, having " ALL
FRAMES CROWDED WITH BROOD," and
the success of the idea was so enormous that
it has taxed all our capabilities to keep pace
with the demand ever since, and even then
often failing to supply all orders.

While we feel proud at seeing other breeders
follow our example — in some cases, even copy-
ing our adverts., we must remind our cus-
tomers that THE " CLARIDGE QUALITY "
NUCLEI AND QUEENS are obtainable only
from the Originator: —

F. M. CLARIDGE, Copford Apiary,
near Colchester.

Price List Free on Request.
SPECIAL NOTE.— "NO GOVERNMENT
QUEENS USED OR SUPPLIED FROM MY
APIARY ! "

Send for

Bee-Keepers
Wake Up !

You can make a
Big Profit if you
use ■ right up-to-
date Appliances,
including the
Manley Hive.
MEADOWS,
Syston, Leicesteb.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAB, EXCHANGE & MART

Newtpaper.
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3cl. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
V. INDiOft HOUSE. Breams Buildings. LONDON. E.C.2.

April 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

HI

HONEY JARS.

1 & 2 lbs., white
glass, metal screw
caps, any quantity.

COLLINSON &1 CO.,

East Street, Dovercourt. Essex.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. HERROD-HEUFSAJUL, 83, Bedford
Street. Strand. Xiondon. W.C.3.

Dutch Bees.

I have beeD appointed Sole Agent for Hans
Matthes, the Dutch Bee Farmer who supplied the
British Grovernment last season with Skeps for
their County Re-stocking Scheme. Hans Matthes
also supplied me with what Skeps I required last
year.

Last autumn I got a large consignment over
from Holland, and am presently wintering these
at my Apiary here.

To those desirous of testing these Dutch Bees, I
will be pleased to send on my Illustrated Cata-
logue, containing much information regarding
ihe hardiness, prolificacy, disease-resisting, and
honey-gathering characteristics of this race of bee.

Address—

R. WHYTE,

The Bee Farm,

Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.

'The Secret or immunity

price tlireepence, conveys a message you cannot

afford to neglect.
T. F. COBB, 33, Sevan Road, Flumst«ad.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

A modern Bee Farm

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett)

BEE-KEEPING SIIKEFI.IFIED
FOR THE COTTAGER AXTD
SMAZiliKOIiDER (W. Hebbod-
Hempsall, F.E.S.)

BEE-KEEPERS' PRACTZCAIi
NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'
GUISE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)
(paper covers only)

Dissectible Ilodel of Queen

FERTIIiISATION OT FRXJIT
BLOSSOBES BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan)

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ...

Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks)

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock) ...

Management of Out Apiaries

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hooper, F.R.H.S.)

PRODUCING, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Herrod-Hempsall. F.E.S.)

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-
lett) '

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen)

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening

The " Townsend " Bee Book ...

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ...

Wilke's Book on Swarming ...
MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.

MaeterUnck's Life of the Bee

The Lore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNEB EDWAEDES)

THE BEE WORLD (supplied
only to members of Associations
interested in the control and
development of the Apis Club,
apart from ordinary members of
the latter), per copy

Postage
7,6 ... 6d.
5/- ... 4d.

1/-
1/-
2/6

4/6

-/3
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5/-
3/-

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2/-
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1/6

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lid.

14d.

3d.

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Id.

la.

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td.

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2d.

-le

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Id.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

2S, BEDFORD STBEBT, STBAND, LONDON. WXJ.8.

1-^ "RACTERO!"

FOR BEES

2/6 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES. LTD.,

39, FarrinsdoD Road. London, E.C 1.

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

:, My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils

during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire

IV

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 1, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

^'Everything for an Apiary,'*
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C, at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotiand.

nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnt^

Cbe metal Toundation

(Protected)

The latest invention in Scientific hive
equipment.

a

a

Durable * Economic ^ Sterillsable

j3 0 tt

An Ideal compromise between the Metal
Comb and the Wax Foundation.

For further details and prices, send for
our 1920 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE, post free on application. It con'
tains detailed information on the most
up-tO'dare hives and appliances for which
the House of Lee is famous.

Five per cent discount to Members of
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex,

Telephone: Uzbridge 181.)

n

n

(Telegrams : Graphicly, Uxbridge.

S. J. BALD'WIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17X 14X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

THR APIARY, BROMLEY, KENT,

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

^^ Commercial (16' X W) frames and brood boxes stocked.

Pkin«d •¥ TBI AviNXJi Peb8 (L. Upoott Gill & Son. Ltd), 55-57, Drobv Lani, London, W.C, and
Pdbubhid roB the Pbopriitob (W. Hibbod-Huipball). by Simpkin, Ma««hau., Hauiliom.
Kuix A Co., Ltd.. 31 A 32. PinENOBTiB Bow. S.C.

British Bee Jocrnal and Bee-keepers' Adviser, April 8, 1920.

MAY.7i&«a0

No. 1972. Vol. XLVin

APRIL 8, 1920.

iPublithed everv Thurtdty, Price 8d.

COIVrrjEKTX'S.

Review

A Dorset Yarn

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Stinging

Notes from South Wales

Echoes from Cornwall

To Talk op Many Things

Warm or Cold Way

Correspondence—

B€e Hives in Palestine ;

.Tanging

page

169

169

170

. 171

172

. 173

, 173

,' 174

, 174

. 174

PAUE

Winter Feeding 175

Bees Building Comb Upwards 176

"Isle of Wight" Disease; One of its

The Origin of Tanging 177

A Lucky Gale 178

Remedy for Ants 178

To the Lover op Bees (poem) 178

Bees and Alcohol 179

Queries and Replies—

Making Frames 179

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYGOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 years.

This is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exactly asbe^^
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with waxt
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send for Catalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Catalogue post free.

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO., of U.S.A.
Sole Manufacturer and Licensee:

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN. HERTS.

11

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 8, 1920.

ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF ENGLAND.

To Ibe laeld at DAKLINGT OX.
Commencing Tuesday. June 2»th, and Closing Saturday, July 3rd, 1920.

SCHEDULES for BEE DEPARTMENT from TH E SECRETARY, 23. Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2.
EITTBXES CI.OSE MONDAY, MAY 31.

PRIZE UiST FOR H

APFIiIAKCES.

A price must be affixed to each exhibit ia Classes
1 to 4, the price named to include every portion
of the Exhibit staged.

Class l.— Collection of Hives and Appliances, to
include, among other articies, the loUowing :—
Tliree f'rame Hiv«6 complete, fitted with arrange-
ments for Sup«ring; a Suitable Outfit for a
Beginner in Bee-keeping (the Entries for which
are to be grouped together and separate from the
main exiioit); 1 pair of Section Racks fitted witli
Sections; 1 Extractor; i Stimulative Feeder; 1
Rapid Feeder; 1 Smoker or other Instrument for
Subduing Bees; 1 Super Clearer; 1 Veil; 1 Swarm
Box for travelling; 1 Nucleuis Box for travelling;
1 Travelling Crate for Comb Honey. Class 1 is
open only to Manufacturers of Bee Appliances,
being articles sold in their usual way of trade,
and as far as possible of the Exhibitor's own
manufacture. Staged by the Exhibitor or his
representatives on 50 superficial feet. Price to be
affixed to each article. No articles must be added
to the collection, nor any portion of tlie Exhibit
removed, during the Show.

Class 2.— Best and most complete Frame Hive for
general use, unpainted.

Class 3.— Most complete and inexpensive Frame
Hive for Cottager's use, unpainted, price not to
exceed 10s. 6d.

Class 4.— Honey Extractor. Price not to be taken
into account.

Class 5.— Any Appliance connected with Bee-
keeping, to whicli no Prize iias been awarded at a
Show of the Royal Agricultural Society of
England. First Prize, 56.; Second Prize, Certifi-
cate of Merit; Third Prize, Certificate of Merit.

Owing to the exceptional circumstances caused
by the war, the exhibitors of previous years have
consented to exhibit in Classes 1 to 4 not for
competition.

HONEY.

All Exhibits to which no price is attached will
be entered in the Catalogue as " Not for sale."
Special Classes.

Entries in Classes 6 to 9 can only be made by
Members of the Durham County Bee-keepers'
Association, and must be sent to Mr. J. Watson
Egglestone, " Firbeck " House, Hutton Avenue,
Cockton Hill, Bishop Auckland.

Entry Fees: Classes 6, 7, 8, Is. 6d.; Class 9,
2s. 6d.

Class 6.— Four Sections of Comb Honey of any
year, approximate weight, 41b. First Prize,
126. 6d. ; Second Prize, 10s.; Third Prize, 6s.

Class 7.— Four Jars of Extracted Light-coloured
Honey of any year, gross weight to approximate
41b. (See Regulation 6.) Firet Prize, 12s. 6d.;
Second Prize, 10s.; Third Prize, 6s.

Class 8.— Four Jars of Extracted Medium-
coloured Honey of any year, gross weight to
approximate 41b. (See Regulation 6.) First Prize,
12s. 6d.; Second Prize, 10s.; Third Prize, 6s.

Class 9.— The best made Moveable Comb Hive
euitable for Cottagers' use, unpainted. (Joiners,
etc., debarred.) First Prize, 203.; Second Prize,
15s. ; Third Prize, 10s.

Entries in Classes 10 to 13 can only be made by
residents in Cheshire, Cumberland, Derbyshire,
Durham, Herefordshire, Lancashire, Leicestei-shire,
Lincolnshire, Monmouthshire, Northumberland,
Nottinghamshire, Rutland, Shropshire, Stafford-
shire, Warwickshire, Westmorland, Worcester-
ehire, Yorkshire, the Isle of Man, Ireland, Scot-
land, or Wales.

Class 10.— Twelve Sections of Comb Honejr, ex-
cluding Heather Honey, of any year— approximate
weight, 121b. First Prize, 15s.; Second Prize, 10s.;
Third Prize, Ss.

Class 11.— Twelve Jars of Extracted Light-
coloured Honey of any year, gross weight to
approximate 121b. (See Regulation 6.) First Prize,
15e.; Second Prize. lOs.; Third Prize, 5e.

IVES, HONEV, ETC.

Class 12.— Twelve Jars of Extracted Medium
or Dark-coloured Honey of any year, excluding
Heather Honey, gross weight to approximate 121b.
(See Regulation 6.) First Prize, 15b.; Second Prize,
10s.; Third Prize, 5s.

Class 13.— Six Jars of Granulated Honey, exclud-
ing Heather Honey, of any year, gross weight to
approximate 121b. First Prize, 15s.; Second Prize,
10s.; Third Prize, 56.

Duplicate Prizes corres,ponding to. the foregoing
will be offered in the group of counties named
below, and numbered 14 to 17.

Open to residents in Bedfordshire, Berkshire,
Bucks, Cambridgeshire, Cornwall, Devon, Dorset,
Essex, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Herts, Hunts,
Isle of Wight, Kent, Middlesex, Norfolk,
Northamptonstiire, Oxfordshire, Somerset, Suffolk,
Surrey, Sussex, or Wiltshire.

MISCEI.I.ANi:OUS, OPEN CI^ASSES.

Class 18.— Three Shallow Frames of Comb Honey,
for extracting, gathered during 1919. First Prize,
15s.; Second Prize, 10s.; Third Prize, 5s.

Class 19.— Six Jars of Heather Honey, of any
year, gross weight to approximate 61b. (See Regu-
lation 6.) First Prize, 15s.; • Second Prize, 10s.;
Third Prize, 5s.

Class 20.— Six Jars of Heather-mixture Extracted
Honey, of any year, grqss weight to approximate
61b. First Prize, 15s.; Second Prize. lOs.; Third
Prize, 6s.

Class 21.— Best and most attractive Display of
Honey in any form, and of any year, staged on
space 3ft. by 3ft., maximum height to be about
4ft. above the table. The gross weight to be
stated. [The Exhibits in this class t-o be staged
and repacked by the Exhibitors or their repre-
sentatives.] First Prize, 25s.; Second Prize, 15s.;
Third Prize, 56.

* Regulation 6, with regard to the size of the
jars, does mot apply to this class, but Regula-
tion 5, re laee edging, does apply.

Class 22.— Exhibit of not less than 21b. of Bees'
Wax, in two cakes only, the produce of the Exhi-
bitor's Apiary; extracted and cleaned by the Exhi-
bitor or his assistants. First Prize, 7s. 6d.; Second
Prize, 5s.; Third Prize, 2s. 6d.

Class 23.— Exhibit of not less than 31b. of Bees'
Wax, the produce of the Exhibitor's Apiary;
extracted and cleaned by the Exhibitor or hia
assistants. To be shown in shape, quality and
package suitable for the retail trade. First Prize,
7s. 6d. ; Second Prize, 5s.; Third Prize, 2s. 6d.

Class 24.— Honey Vinegar, 1 quart, in clear glasa
bottles. First Prize, 5s.; Second Prize, 2s. 6d.j
Third Prize, Certificate of Merit.

Class 25.— Mead, 1 quart, in clear glass bottles.
First Prize, 5s.; Second Prize, 2s. 6d.; Third Prize,
Certificate of Merit.

Class 26.— Exhibit of an interesting nature con-
nected with Bee Culture, not mentioned in the fore-
going Classes, including Candy for Bee Feeding,
Articles of Food, or Medicine in which Honey is
an ingredient (offered by Mr. T. W. Cowan). First
Prize, 5s.; Second Prize, 26. 6d.; Third Prize, Cer-
tificate of Merit.

Class 27.— Exhibit of a Scientific Nature not men-
tioned in the foregoing Classes, to which no Prize
has been awarded at a Show of the Royal Agricul-
tural Society of England (offered by Mr. T. W.
Cowan). First Prize, 6s.; Second Prize, 2s. 6d.;
Third Prize, Certificate of Merit.

The W. Broughton Carr Memorial Gold
Medal will be awarded to the Exhibitor obtainingr
the most points under the following conditions : —
First Prize to count 3 points. Second 2 points.
Third 1 point. In case of a tie the competitor
having the largest number of highest awards shall
obtain the medal. No exhibitor shall take the
medal for two consecutive yeans. The points to be
awarded in all classes except Appliances and
Classes 6 to 9.

April 8, 1^20. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

169

Review.

The Bee Master of Warriloiv, by Tickner
Edwards.— Our readers will be pleased to
hear that a new editon of this popular
book has been issued. " Good wine needs
no bush," and those who have read the
first edition of this book and other works
by the same author need not to be told of
the charming manner in which they are
written. The present edition has been
revised and enlarged, and is more than
three times the length of the former edi-
tion. A new feature is the introduction
of a dozen full-page illustrations, which
are not merely illustrations but possess
much pictorial merit. The publishers are
Messrs. Methuen, and the price 7s. 6d.
net.

A Dorset Yarn.

Just now on the farm all is full of pro-
mise. Never were there more flowers on
the fruit trees than this season. All the
long lines of pears seem to vie with each
other in beauty ; the different varieties
have a beauty of their own, though the
flowers are all white, yet they vary in size,
also in whiteness, and the coloured
stamens of pollen add to their beauty.
But the bees seem not to care for any
particular variety — all crowd over the
flowers in that wild freedom, singing all
the time of sweets in plenty all waiting
for the harvest. They are now working
like summer, so many away in the fields,
yet, if one looks at the hives, all the bars
are covered with bees ; this mild time since
Christmas thev have added largely to the
population. Bees seem to be singing of
freedom, free to go a distance after the
nectar that is welling up in the nectaries
of flowers. Besides pears, plums, and
peaches, thev are crowding over the laurel
blossoms. These give so many flowers,
they smell very strong as one walks under
them ; the nectar must have a high
flavour. Monday, March 29, our bees
were away over the fields, even when there
was a fine rain. The pear flowers under a
lens showed fine drops of rain inside
among the staminiforous organs; the bees
must of necessity gather some of the mois-
ture with the nectar. It was just the
same with the plums. Under a lens these
flowers are very beautiful, though to the
naked eye only white is seen. The lens
shows up the stamens, with the tips of
them covered with pollen, the pistiliferous
organ standing up in the midst. This

fruit being a drupe with one stone, it has
only a solitary point, but with pears the
female organ is divided into the number
' of ovaries in the embryo fruits. If each
of these are fertilised with pollen from the
.stamens, then each ovary swells in a
regular manner and the fruit is perfect
in shape. If only part of the ovaries are
fertilised then the pear swells irregularly.
Nature's aim is to perpetuate the race by
seed. This gives a far greater covering of
the luscious pulp which is so delightful to
eat when quite ripe. Each grower can see
how bees heln toward this perfect union
of the sexual organs. The small treatise
by Mr. Cowan, showing how much heavier
each fruit becomes when perfectly ferti-
lised by the pollen from other varieties,
should be in the hands of every fruit
grower. It can be had from the Jotjenal
ofiioe for 3d. and postage. If the bee-
keeper has a lens he will be able to watch
the pollination of the flowers and the
result of cross-pollination. To the horti-
culturist all this has been known for
generations, but many who keep bees
have other walks in life, perhaps more
remunerative than he who tills the soil.
If thev take notice in spare time of these
evolutions they will get greater pleasure
in life. As I have written before, " Life
is real, life is earpest." Life is not an
empty dream when once the bee-keeper
looks deeper into the sources from which
bees get nectar. He will soon want to
know more about the structural parts of
flowers, and it is not all growers that
give the time to the crossing of flowers.
It was the weavers round Leeds that
raised the beautiful Leedsii narcissus, the
Lancashire cotton-spinners the large
gooseberries for show purposes. They all
got the greatest pleasures of life by these
entrancing pursuits. So with us who
kcejj bees ; it is not alone for the profit
they give us. but that they help us to the
pleasures of life ; they teach us more and
more of Nature's truths, and " Truth is
the element of life" (I think this is
Emerson). Ruskin wrote: "You are
never to sell truth, but guard it, and to
give." The Dorset Yarner has tried to
give some of his knowledge that he has
gathered in his life's work on the soil.

In one of the long lines of gooseberries
there is a large plant of charlock, but so
great is the hurry of bees to sip the nectar
in the small flowers of gooseberries, with
no colour to guide them, only scent, they
miss entirelv the rich yellow blossom of
charlock. I have been working quite close
on two warm days, but have not seen a
bee on it at all, yet have seen them in
crowds on the same plant in summer.
Each day we can see that they are adding
to tho store of honey and are building
new comb on the tops of bars up to the

170

THE- BRITISH BEE JOTJRNAL. April 8, 1920.

glass. They are filling cells with, honey
of a deep a-mber colour. One lot of
Italians to-day, Saturday, April 3, seemed
to be having an assembly, as if they were
wanting the queen to come out to swarm.
It shows how they appreciate the warm
sunshine after rain ; it tells the bee-keeper
that the time of natural swarming is
come. I have not seen a drone in this lot,
but there must be some in the cells or
these would not be going through the pre-
liminaries for swarming. Business compels
me to see to the tilling and planting of
the land, so that bees have not yet been
overhauled ; but to see them strong and
hear them chanting the glad psalm of
content is very dear to the heart of the
bee-keeper, because they are getting on
with production without having to set out
the work for them, as we have to do with
the acres of soil to plant by hand. The
horse can draw the marker, but man must
do the planting in the rows. With labour
at high rates, the tiller of the soil must
keep busy during the brief hours of hired
help. Still, the bees are ever with us as
we get the planting done in the spaces
between the long lines of pears and bush
fruits ; no day but what we have them at
soma time or other. Now that we have
an association floated for Dorset we anti-
cipate a good year's working, as each bee-
keeper states that the stocks have come
through well, excepting in a small area in
North Dorset. — J. J, Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

FOR JUVENILE EEADEKS.

"How's Apis this morning?" I said,
when I had finished my breakfast.

" Feeling the effects of old age, sir. I
really do begin to long for death," she
replied.

" Oh, you sad, sad bee, is it that bad?
Does that mean you are too tired to talk
to me?"

" No, sir; I can talk a little. But I
fear this must be the last of our conversa-
tions. My strength is going, and I really
should like to go where all good bees go
to. I have been a good bee, haven't I?"

" I'm sure you- have, Apis dear. Now
let me continue my questions. Do bees
sleep in winter?"

" Ah! that depends on what you call
winter, sir. If it's very, very cold we pass
the days in a semi-stupor, but we don't
hibernate, as we eat honey, and we
cluster and snuggle up close together, as
you know. Those who happen to be on
"the outside of the cluster get cold, so they
move up to where it's warmer, and so
this movement goes on. "When a few
warm days come along the bees use the
opportunity for taking cleansing flights.

and do a little tidying up. If the winter
season happens to be very mild bees work
most days, and, of course, need' a lot of
food; that is why we are so anxious to
store up plenty of surplus honey whec the
flowers are here. As soon as early flowers
appear, then the hive wakes up in earnest,
and the queen begins to lay — plenty of
eggs if nectar and pollen is in plenty- —
fevv^ if these are scarce."

" Thanks for all that. Now a different
question altogether. Wliat about your
sting?"

" Yes. What about it?"

'' Well, Apis dear, you know how
frightened many people are of bees be-
cause of their stings, especially young
people,' '

" Well, sir, we can't help it."

" Can't help what?"

" Having our stings, of course. I don't
wish to be rude, but I do think you men
are silly when you blame us for using
our stings. What are they there for but
to be used when we feel we ought?"

" That's all right, Apis. But when
should you use them?"

" Well, sir, we need them when guard-
ing the entrances to our home, to help
keep at bay robbers, wasps, mice, snails
and other things; in fact, our ministers
,are so strict that if a worker bee loses her
sting she is not considered fit to return to
the hive. If she did return she'd be
killed, and if she doesn't she dies, so that
should prove we do not sting for the fun
of the thing."

" Then, Apis, does that mean that every
sting I have had left in my hands at
various times has meant the death of the
Ijees who have left them?"

•'It does. So why not learn wisdom,
and do without getting stung?"

" Tell me how."

" Listen, then. First of all, don't go
poking around the hives as if you were
intent upon making us as angry as
possible, and don't stand shaking and
shivering as if you lived in mortal "dread
of heing stung. We hate silly, nervous,
fussy people. Don't, when we ^.re all
busily engaged in our hives, come and
upset us without any warning. Fancy the
madness of some people who rip off our
coverings, exposing us all at once, and
when' we fly up in alarm start fencing. It
rouses our ire so much that we lose our
self-control, and lose our stings and our
life in consequence."

" I see. Apis dear. Then what you wish
is that we assist you in controlling your-
iselves such times as we wish to look in at
your homes?"

" Exactlv, sir ; and if fiome of our young
bees should be silly enough to sting vou,
help them to extract their stings. It is

April S, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAL.

m

ibetter both for the stingers and the
stung."

" How is that?"

" I'll explain. Inside our stings are
needle-like darts, but our sting itself is
barbe<l so as to hold on to the flesh while
the darts do their work. Our darts, too,
are barbed, which means that if a bee is
knocked away the sting is pulled away by
the roots. If you exercise self-control you
might allow the bee to extract the sting;
this she can do by working round and
round, corkscrew fashjon."

" Thanks, dear, for all that. Now tell
me "

"I'm afraid I'm exhausted; I can't say
any more."

" Dear me; I'm so sorry. There is a lot
more I want to know."

" Is there? Then you must ask another
bee to tell you. Good-bye! Let me
sleep on now."

So, dear children, little Apis is no more.
Perhaps some day I may find another bee
that is willing to tell me lots about bees
and their ways. If so, I will let you know
all about it. — E. F. Hemming.

Stinging.

(Continued from "page 163.)
" Give a stock of bees a black roof and
they will never forgive you," quoth that
careful observer and entertaining writer
the Rev. E. F. Hemming, in a recent
number of the B.B.J. "Whether the
dictum be veracious or the reverse I am
not prepared to say. I have myself given
several stocks a black roof in the stress
of war-ti.me scarcity, but have not noticed
them cherish any special animosity
■against me on that account. Certainly
they never presented anything in the
nature of a " grand remonstrance." It
may be that they forgave the insult in
recognition of my having left off attempt-
ing to stifle them with noisome vapour
every time I went among them. As I
said, my bees are sportsmen, and, as such.
do not often let the sun go down upon
their wrath. Indeed, judged by their
spirit of forbearance under the tortures
inflicted upon them by some bee-keepers
T wot of, many bees are better Christians
than the bipeds who control them.

Nevertheless, I am emphatically of the
opinion of Mr. Hemming, that some
colours are provocative in bees of what I
should hardly call bad temper, but rather
the instinct of self-defence. Apropos de
gants: one day I mislaid one of my hand-
coverings, and could not find it anywhere.
As a makeshift I donned another nearly
similar, but with a roughish surface,
while the other was smooth. Both were
brown. On returning to the hives I was
dismayoi^ to find that tho bees were mak-

ing a dead-set against the rough glove,
and in less time than it takes to tell it
a round half-dozen had put their stings
through it.

It may be that I ami squeamish, but I
have an utter horror of seeing such kindly
little creatures, as I know bees are, run-
ning about minus part of their intestines,
so as quickly as possible I got rid of the
offending glove and sought another in its
place. Alas ! the only substitute I could
find was of the very thinnest white kid —
absolutely no protection at all. However,
I donned it and plunged into the work
again. There was not another sting!
The next time I went through the stocks
I wore it with th^ same result, and the
time after that. I thought it singular.
I would experiment.

With a pair of rough dark gloves upon
my hands I went among the bees again,
and at once they fastened upon the gloves,
stinging viciously. Thereupon I returned
to the house and performed a most un-
heard-of action. I took a pot of white
enamel and a brush, and painted those
gloves a glossy white. Next day they
were dry, and wearing them I plunged
my hands into one of my biggest Ligurian
stocks. Not a sting I One after another
the stocks were overhauled, but not a bee
attempted to sting those enamelled gloves.
Yet they were the very ones that had
provoked them so before.

From this experience I deduced that
bees have a traditional antipathy towards
anything with a rough dark coat, a feel-
ing which has probably descended to them
from their wild forefathers of ancient
days, whose experiences with bears, bad-
gers, et hoc genus omne, taught them to
regard such a covering as that of an
enemy.

On a later occasion I witnessed another
manifestation of the same spirit, though
in a different medium, as painters would
say.

I had made one of my " pilgrimes " to
my queen-mating apiary down in the
wilds of Kent — a beautiful spot. Miles
and miles of billowing plantations of the
choicest fruit — pear, apple, phim, rasp-
berry, currant — a perfect paradise for the
enthusiastic bee-keeper, with but one vile
element in it — man's arseniate spray.

-On riding up to the farm I encountered
the farmer's little maid, a pretty child,
by the wicket gate, who on seeing me ran
into the garden and returned with a half-
burst blossom, of that prince of hybrid
roses, Hugh Dickson. This she presented
to me, partly, perhaps, in payment for
sundry chunks of comb honey which had
fallen to her share in the past, and partly,
perhaps, in anticipated payment of sundry
expected favours still to come.

Wearing th<^ favour of tho gracious

172

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 8, 1920.

little lady in my button-hole, I began to
examine my nuclei. It was not long be-
fore I perceived that something was
amiss. The usually sweet-tempered Ligu-
rians were up in arms, and there was a
continual angry hiss about my head. At
last my attention was attracted to the
red res© in my coat. It was the centre
of an irate cloud of bees, and though not
one attempted to sting my fortunate self,
the flower was the recipient of a perfectly
murderous display of fury. No matter
where I went, it was the same all through
that .morning's work.

From this further experienrA? I drew
another deduction — videlicet, that our
domestic bees have not only inherited from
their wild forebears of ancient days an
instinctive dislike of objects with rough
dark coverings, but also the intuition that
a glowing red orifice is at once the focus-
of danger and the most vulnerable spot
in which to attack the would-be desolator
of their hearths and homes.

Whether I be right or wrong in these _
my deductions, I leave it to the scientific'
readers of the B.B.J, to determine. The
rigid utilitarian, who cares no fig for
scientific deductions as such, may perad-
venture take a hint from the bald precis
of my own observations and those of Mr.
Hemming, namely, that objects of a cer-
tain texture and hue will provoke to per-
fect fury bees of even the most advanced
pacifist views, while an opposite texture
and a different range of colours will main-
tain an atmosphere of complete tran-
quillity. The practical man mav find it
profitable to arrange his equipment accord-
ingly.— Hugh Houston, Sidcup.

Notes from South Wales.

The health of the bees, up to now, has
been better this winter than I have
known for the last ten years. It is a
pleasure to go out and around, and not
see any crawlers, or stocks dwindling
away, such as in other winters. One could
almost make sure of losing two-thirds of
the lot that went into winter quarters, and
one thought it a bit of luck if he had one
or two left. I know for the last nine years
it has been a hard struggle to keep the bee
flag flying, for if one managed to get
enough to buy a stock or two, one could
make sure that one would have to buy
.some more in the spring, as they would be
wiped out with " Isle of Wight " disease,
which was very disheartening, especially
if it was the whole of one's savings. I
liavc often thought that I would give up
until the disease was cleared off, and then
in <:ame the JouKNAL, and off I went again
with some more, and as full as ever with
the fever, hoping for better luck next

time. That is how I have held on to bee-
keeping during the last ten dark years. I
somehow think that the storm is getting
over, and the bees themselves have far
more vigour in them than they have had
other winters, for I believe that it takes
a very long time for a stock to show signs
of " Isle of Wight " disease, and there-
fore the bees Avould be gradually losing
vigour, for notice a stock that is hanging
about in front of the hive when others are
working, and no real cause for it, such as
swarming or lack of room. It will be
found that there is the first outside symp-
tom of the disease, namely, the weakness.
The bees are languid, and their flying
energy is being eaten up, and the bees
are satisfied to be crawling about the
alighting board until the next staf.*;e, when
they come out with a determination to try
and fly, and drop off to the ground, and
either run or walk themselves to death.

I was Risked to have a look at ^ome bees
in iskeps about two years ago, as tlie owner
could not make out why at three of them
they were lurking about at the entrance
when the others were in full working
order. I thought I should have found
crawlers when I went; but no, I did not
see one, but only, as he said, the bees
hanging about, so I had a feather and
brushed them off. They all managed to
fly up again and take up their old posi-
tion at the entrance. I thought it rather
strange, so I lifted the skeps and found
them rather light, for. I thought that they
might be preparing to swarm, and if that
had been the case they would have been
full of brood, etc. ; but, as I say, they were
very light, so I came to the conclusion that
they were doomed. I informed the owner
as to what I thought would happen, and I
believe to this day that at the time he
thought I was strange in my manner; but
they were all dead by the autumn, and it
was then that he believed what I said.

A case came to my notice of a young
gentleman buying a stock of bees that was
showing signs of crawling sickness. He
asked me if I would have a look at them,
to see their strength. I did, and told
him that they would not go through the
winter by themselves, and as they were
sick I advised him to let them alone as
they were; but he said that if I had a
nucleus to spare he would risk it with
them. I happened to have one, with a
nice young queen, and he had it. I under-
took to do the uniting, which came off all
right. Next morning he Avent to a friend
in a terrible plight, saying that the Italian
bees were carrying out all the black ones
and dropping them over the alighting
board. I was called on the scene, again,
and I did not expect to find any black,
bees left in the hive; hut, to my surprise,
half of them were there, and "the other?

April 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

173

were outside, dead and dying, but those
inside were quite able to fly, for I jerked
the frame and they all fell off and flew
away. It was very strange to me about
the carrying-out business, but in the
" British Bee-keepers' Guide Book," in
the part devoted to disease (Bee Paraly-
sis), it states that if a healthy lot of bees
are put in with bees suffering with bee
paralysis they will carry out the paralytic
ones — which those bees did, proving Mr.
Cowan to be quite right in that respect. —
E. BooBiER, Valley Apiary, Bishopston,
Swansea.

Echoes from Cornwall.

Being one of the "Roll of Honour,"
and having safely returned from the
"fiery furnace" over across, I wonder if
you will give space in the Journal for a
few remarks, etc., of mine?

Of bees in the devastated areas I saw
very little, and of those I did see the
"Jerries" had taken full toll; but I did
notice that practically all the little
apiaries were of the old-fashioned type,
i.e., straw skeps and boxes of all descrip-
tions, and had apparently been in a very
flourishing state prior to the outbreak of
war. Further south, towards Marseilles,
where I had occasion to go on escort
duties, I saw that there was a more
modern look about things, and several
apiaries had all bar frame hives, and some
were on the point of swarming. I should
judge from the surrounding country that
quite an enjoyable and profitable time
oould be had bv the bee-men of that place.
But, having had quit© enough of the
" bitters" of the battlefield around Ypres
and Paschendaele, etc., I was glad to quit
" fair " Belgium and France for some of
the "sweets" (?) of dear old England.
Returning homo to Bonny Devon, I
soon had " bee fever " again, but found
my old district scoured out with " Tsl© of
Wight " disease, so I thought I was
doomed to disappointment. However, my
pre-war employers offered me a better
position in Cornwall, and so I migrated
still further west. Before long my duties
brought me in touch with several bee-
keepers, two of whom kindly gave me a
oouple of stocks for a little help, which my
10 years' experience with bees enabled
me to give them, and now I hope T have
■■ got amove on " apain. ,1 am now hoping
to get into touch with the county associa-
tion and become a member.

Unfortunately I was, in company with
the chairman-to-be, unable, through a
train mishap, to attend a meeting when
a branch was being formed. If this should
catch the eye of the secretary of that

branch, will he please communicate with
«me?

Reading the various bits on legislation,
several rather amused me. Having had
experience of Government control in more
ways than one, I certainly am not in
favour of creating more Government
officials at a high salary. Far from it,
but at the same time, how are we going
to get anything drastic enough unless it
goes through in the form of a Bill and
becomes law? If we could only get a pro-
tective measure through, and at the same
time obtain a fully qualified body of
experts of the B.B.K.A. as inspectors, I,
for one, would at once welcome such a man
to inspect mv ?^tocks. But if the Govern-
ment appointed men not recognised by the
B.B.K.A., then I should be one of the
foremost to object, as their journeyings
from one apiary to another would only
make matters a hundred times more
serious.

For my part I should welcome a law
which gave power to an association to
prosecute anv case, member or not, which
the association's special inspector or ex-
pert discovered in his travels, and who
refused to destroy his diseased stock or
stocks after having been duly reported and
interviewed. At the same time, I feel
some recompense should be allowed from
some source agreed upon to any unfortu-
nate bee-keeper who readily destroys his
affected stock or stocks, as the destruction
may be an untold blessing to brother bee-
men in/ the district, and any recompense in
the shape of cash, bees, or honey to the un-
fortunate 6ne gratefully received. This is
what I think Mr. D. Davies (10,084), para.
5, really means, and in that way would do
away with any incompetent men, which,
in the event of a Bill being got through,
the Government might plant on us.

Wishing all the greatest success the
coming season. — A. D. Bennett (late
L.-Cpl., R.F.'s), 8, Higher Rose R<w,
Redruth, and late of Laira, Ph^nouth.

To Talk of Many Things.

The second of three tendencies which may
be regarded as hopeful for the future of
bee-keeping in these Isles is that towards
experiment with types of frames other
than the standard size so long dominant.

Much of the credit for bringing this to
actuality is due to Mr. Manley, whose
enthusiastic advocacy of the 16-in. x 10-in.
frame, introduced and used by Mr. Sim-
mins, seems well on the road to success.

So long as native bees were the general
occupants of our hives, so long the stan-
dard frame might well be considered
adequate, but now that more prolific races
have practically ousted the blacks ia

174

THE BRITISH BEE JOTJRKAL. April 8, 1920.

many districts, a new set of conditions
has arisen, calling for new methods of,
management.

Hybrids of Italo-Dutch, Italo-Car-
niolan, or any permutation of these,
together with the three pure races, if
there be such a thing as a pure Dutch
race, require considerably more space
for breeding and winter stores.

The provision of this space in the form
of the 16-in. x 10-in. frame, with winter
passageway through a thick top bar, would,
I am convinced, go far to obviate the
heavy losses now experienced through
decamping swarms and winter starvation.
— A. F. Harwood.

Warm or Cold Way?

Somehow, when correspondents write
about the combs being parallel or at
right angles to the entrance I am never
certain that I have rightly understood.
The Germans hit off the difference bv
calling the respective arrangement
" Warmbau " and " Kaltbau." The
cold way of the combs, of course, is the
arrangement that provides a draught
from the entrance straight through the
central street, whereas in the warm con-
struction the frames stand across thi»
draught.

I have been running my hives on th?
" warm-way " principle,^ because it is
easier to work new frames in from th(»
back, because a back frame can be taken
out in autumn full of honey, whereas in
the " cold-way," honey and pollen get-
mixed up in all the combs, and probably
for other reasons I can't think of just
now.

It is said that when bees build in the
hollow branch of a tree they build " cold-
way," and when they build in a hollow
trunk they build "warm-way." From this
it seems to follow that " cold-way " is the
proper construction with the English
frame, which is longer than it is deep.
The bees store the honey at the back of
the combs, and begin the winter sitting at
the front, where the last brood was raised.
As they eat they work easily back,
whereas if the frames ran across the hive
they might fail to find now stores when
the old were gone. With the deep frame
they store the honey overhead and can
work upward as well on the " warm-way"
as on the "cold."

Undoubtedly the " cold-wav " ^ives
better and quicker entry to all parts of
the hive in slimmer, when the doorway is
extended all Jilonr: the aliphtincr board,
and T should think keeps the hive froni
sWarming, that might soon boil out if the
frames ran across, spoiling the ventilation
and the traffic. — G. G. Desmond, Sheeps-
combe, Stroud, Glos.

Beehives in Palestine.

[1015S.] Being a reader of your Bek
JonRJfAL, I thought other readers might
be interested in the enclosed photo of a
beehive which I took while in Palestine,
in the little village called Tulkeram.

You will notice it is made of clay, with
small holes for bees to work from. This is
the largest I saw, although there were

BEE HIVE IN PALESTINE.

quite a number of them in the village.
The others are round, and mostly to be
seen on the top of the houses. The bees
are very small and black.

I am sorry I cannot send a better photo,
but unfortunately I lost the films. — J. E.
Beans.

"Tanging."

[10159.]' The article on the above sub-
ject, by G. D. C, opens up a very in-
teresting subject, and the long-felt want
of a decisive opinion as to whether bees
possess auditory organs.

"Tanging" or "Ringing" is an
ancient practice, prior to the days of
Aristotles, the reason for which, as given,
is no otlier than the rousing of the neigh-
bourhood, when a swarm has issued, and
assistance is solicited to follow it closely,
as directed by law for rightful claim ; do
we not adapt the same method in the
ringing of the fire-bell in the case of a.
fire, to rouse the neighbourhood for assist-
ance? '

It is admitted by such scientists as
Hiibcr, Bevan, Hnisli, Lubbock, etc., that
bees possess the powers of discerning
sound, still information is very vague as
to where the auditory organs are placed,
or what effect it has on them, and though
ma-king this assertion, give no funda-
mental proofs in support ; in fact, the re-

April 8. 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

1T5

suits of experiments carried out by them
are quite contrary, for instance, Lubbock,
on page 222, says — " I bave over and over
again tested them with the loudest and
shrillest noises I could make, etc. — but all
without effect — I carefully avoid infering
from this they are really deaf — but, pro-
bably the range of hearing is very dif-
ferent from ours." This last passage
gives us something to work on, and must
be transferred to other hands than that of
entomological scientists.

It is very evident the human ear does
not perceive all sounds, and is aided by
delicate instruments, such as the micro-
phone, for instance, to improve its powers
beyond certain limits. Also let us take
wireless telegraphy, which is transmitted
and received many hundreds of miles by
structudes called " antenna," which, for a
perfect installation, must be " in tune."
Gannot we then, assert the cause of failure
in experiments so far carried out. I wiil
instance one. A musical box, on which
was placed. a plate of honey, was set going
near a hive, the bees came out and greedily
devoured the honey, after which the plate
was removed and the musical box, still
going, placed a few yards further away
in the opposite direction. One would have
expected the bees to follow the sound,
but such was not the case, they simply
flew round and round the spot where they
had feasted. This is insufficient proof
they have no sense of hearing, for pro-
bably the vibrations set up by the various
sounds of the musical box had no effect on
the chitinous hairs of the antennae, or
where such sound-receiving organs may be
placed.

G. D. C says he drew the bees towards
him by imitating the note given by the
queen, but I was always under the im-
pression the bees followed the queen,
therefore to be successful he must draw
the queen, when the bees will follow, other-
wise without the queen they will not settle.

I apologise for the length of space I
have taken up. and my only excuse is, the
subject is too interesting. — A. P.

Winter Feeding.

[10160.] It really began during tlie
Great War. A newspa]»er jiaraeraph an-
nounced that one Maurice Maeterlinck
was an ardent friend of England, and so
drew my attention to his waitings. From
reading " The Life of a Bee " to becom-
ing a keeper of beos was a short step,
though the interval between was over a
year.

They arrived in July— a six-frame stock
of alleged Dutchmen. .\s they have brass
bands on their backs there is some doubt
as to their nationality, but my own opinion
— based on their actions — is that they are

German. The local expert says Dutch
bees are of little use for anything except
swarming, but I am prepared to match
my little lot against any other breed for
the virulence of their stings. (N.B. — Any-
one accepting this challenge must provide
the umpire, all available parts of my
person being already used up.)

Now, before the bees arrived I procured
a collection of text-books and assimilated
bee-knowledge as greedily as ever bee
sipped nectar. It was no doubt due to
this, or perhaps to that good fortune which
is the prerogative of fools and novices,
that by the end of August I had a strong
stock crowding ten combs, most of which
contained brood and honey.

Then came the question of wintering. I
applied myself industriously to the text-
books, and learned that, like the Dutch-
man with his beer. " too much is shust
enough," and that "eight combs well
filled is the necessary qxiantity." It looks
simple enough to an old hand, no doubt,
but when I read, " The bees cluster on
the empty parts of the combs, just below
the honey," I began to wonder exactly
what was meant by " well filled."

A further application to the founts of
knowledge revealed the fact that ' ' a little
over four square inches of comb contains
about one pound of food." At last I had
something definite, and set to work with
a foot-rule and a sheet of foolscap, my erst-
while idle moments being occupied with
abstruse mental calculations in which the
ngures 14 and 8 loomed large.

By this time I had discarded veil and
gloves, having acquired that " firmness
without aggression " which renders them
an incubus. But those Dutch bees did not
appear to understand my English ways,
and by the end of September I had the
finest collection of bumps wTiich has been
seen in this district for many years. But
I glowed with the satisfaction which comes
of good work well and truly done. My
beloved pets (I have called them other
names) were as safe as man could make
them; they had empty combs, full combs,
piles of quilts and a waterproof roof. And
even, as an extra precaution, a cake of
candy in a glass-topped box.

My satisfaction lasted imtil Christmas,
when I found the candy, the emergency
ration, was all gone ! Then it occurred
to me that perhaps four square inches of
comb represented one pound of food only
when both sides were filled. Horrors !

In an evil moment I bought still another
book. Herein I found the other experts
were mere blunderers. The correct pro-
cedure was to " feed solid " in September ;
" it should be distinctly understood that
no feeding should take place in winter."
And if so, it should not be candy; givp 'em

176

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 8, 1920.

hot, thick syrup! By this time I had
secured a document entitling me to six
pounds of sugar — ' ' for the manufacture of
bees " — and decided to follow the advice
of my latest mentor.

But before the bottle was fairly at work
a bee periodical gave several incontestable
reasons why only candy should be used for
winter feeding, so I put the remainder of
my sugar into the syrup and boiled it up
for candy. But, alas ! it steadily refused
to " candy."

I boiled it each evening for a week — on
the gas stove, the kitchen range and the
dining-room fire — but the only results were
a week's notice from the cook and a bill
for repairs to the gas-cooker. It may be
that the three pounds of honey which I
added to help out the sugar had something
to do with it.

I thought it had set the last time, and
placed the candy-box full over the feed-
hole, but as soon as the bees warmed it up
I fancy it must have uncandied, because
next day the floor of the hive was covered
by a thick brown carpet plentifully studded
with bees.

It looked the right time to do a little
'* charing," so I began to scrape out the
mess with a poker; but evidently my bees
have great respect for the dead (perhaps
they are Chinese bees, after all!), and re-
sented my attentions. One in particular
flew like a stone from a sling right into
my face, imprisoned herself behind one of
my " blinkers," and then, doubtless feeling
tired, sat down on my eyelid — hard.

The books tell me there are special bees
for nursing, scavenging, door-keeping,
ventilating and other odd jobs. This one
had been specially trained for stinging !
At the present moment one of my eyes is
on holiday, and that side of my face
resembles a ripe pomegranate, though
normally I am a lantern-jawed, lugubrious-
looking individual. Bee-keeping is a
splendid hobby! It has caused more
gaiety among my so-called friends than
any other I have taken up.

This morning I looked into the hive, and
found several of the inner combs still
capped over. Pollen, thought I, and to
make sure cut off some of the capping.
How long will four combs, " fed solid,"
last, I wonder? — Cires.

Bee Building Comb Upwards.

[10161.] In the chapter on comb build-
ing in the " Lore of the Honey Bee,"
Mr. Tickncr Edwardes writes to the effect
that — " Rarely — so rarely that in many
years spent among bees, the writer has
only seen three examples of it — combs are
built upwards."

On March 13 I placed a glass-bottomed

box containing candy in one of my hives.
By the 20th the candy was consumed, and
on removing the box I found about I-2- in.
of comb built upwards from the top if
the centre frame.

It might be of interest to hear if other
bee-keepers have had any similar experi-
ence. I do not think the occurrence is so
exceedingly rare. — A. C. Grimshaw.

"Isle of Wight" Disease: One of
Its Causes.

[10162.] Re'aders of The British Bee
Journal ought to be grateful to Mr. Ed-
wards for his interesting article under the
above heading. Many who can contribute
to our knowledge are unfortunately un-
willing to share their information and ex-
perience, and for this reason alone our
thanks are due to Mr. Edwards.

I think we are making progress towards
a solution of the problem of " Isle of
Wight ' ' disease. On April 3 an article
of mine appeared in the B.B.J. , followed
by another in the issue of June 5, in which
I endeavoured to formulate a theory
which would explain the many apparently
conflicting experiences as recorded from
time to time by bee-keepers whose apiaries
have suffered from the disease. In the
latter article (page 230) I formulated defi-
nite experiments for the confirmation or
disproving of my theory, which is now put
forward by Mr. Edwards with slight modi-
fication, and I am glad that one, at least,
capable apiarist has not only undertaken
one of the experiments I suggested, but
has been good enough to make the results
thereof public.

There is a ring of confidence in Mr.
Edwards's words which infuses courage.
Compare the following : — " And it suc-
ceeded so well that within twenty-one days
a cluster of from 50 to 100 bees, with a
lovely queen, was left on 40 standard
combs of decaying larvse and dead half-
hatched bees." These are Mr. Edwards's
words. I wrote on June 5, 1919 :— " All
the same, if any person, out of academic
interest, wishes to secure all the symp-
toms of ' Isle of Wight ' disease, let him
take a natural swarm and hive it on as
many frames of foundation as it. will
cover, and do not feed. As quickly as
they are drawn out insert fresh founda-
tion in the centre of the cluster until the
brood chamber is full (of eggs sterile for
lack of heat), and ' Isle of Wight ' will
be rampant before he is finished extend-
ing. Essential conditions : Good bee
weather and plenty of forage." Verb,
sap.

Now, it may be objected, that we do not
want to find out how to 'produce " Isle of
Wight" disease; it comes uninvited.

April 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

177

That is so; but I was not satisfied to wait
for it to attack my stocks. I, too, have
deliberately caused its incidence, but I
confess to a deficiency of the necessary
altruism (excusable, perhaps, in that I
possessed but two stocks). I gained con-
trol of and stamped out the disease I pro-
voked, but, as I cannot say definitely that
my curative methods were the means of
saving the colony, or, rather, that the
colony would have succumbed but for my
treatment, I did not, and cannot yet, put
it forward as a cure. I am quite willing
and anxious that the discovery be accre-
dited to Mr. Edwards when he can see his
way to publish his third article. All I
can say with confidence is that the disease,
if disease it really be, is brought about by
defective nutrition, and that it can be
cured by proper and adequate feeding.
But my main point is that no colony of
bees — English, Dutch or Italian — need be
attacked by " Isle of Wight " disease, and
if so attacked the cause is a reflection on
the owner of the bees. I am aware of
the gravity of this statement, and I have
been waiting for six months for the con-
firmation now supplied by Mr. Edwards.

So far so good ; but I, and no doubt many
other apiarists, will not be satisfied until
we know exactly what " Isle of Wight "
disease is. I am not content to know that
I need not anticipate an attack, or that
if I do provoke one I can deal with it
before it is too late\. For let it be under-
stood that a queen and a few hundred
workers is a foundation of a new colony
only on condition that these workers are
capable of living for at least one month.
Any help from other colonies is not a cure
in the proper sense of the Avord. Mr.
Edwards modifies my theory, and says the
nurse bees, and not the field bees, are the
victims. This may be triie, and in any
case there is as much evidence in favour
of the one as of the other. But he goes
farther and ventures a prophecy that
" Isle of Wight " disease is a growth of
some fungus which interferes with respi-
ration. This is going beyond my know-
ledge, and I leave to more capable minds
this portion of the new theory. I do not
agree with your contributor that it is
proved; far from it. I can arrest "Isle
of Wight " disease, but I am aware that
this is not synonymous with effecting a
cure. Those bees already affected may
conceivably continue to die off despite the
treatment, but the latter stops the inci-
dence of the disease in hitherto healthy
bees, and the stock recuperates. So that
whilst defective nutrition properly cor-
rected does effect a cure, the trouble may
after all be a disease of a specific and defi-
nite character. But, as I have already
tsaid, I have grave — very grave — doubts.
I cannot forget the raal de Mai, Maikrank-

heit, and frenezia di Maggio of France,
Germany, and Italy respectively. Better
weather, less intensive and more rational
methods, coupled with the restrictions im-
posed on the bee-keeper's powers of pro-
duction in bees and honey by the absence
of a surrogate for honey, keep May mad-
ness, or May disease, from assuming the
proportions attained in Great Britain,
and glorified with the name " Isle of
Wight " disease. This is a bold assertion,
to the proof of which I have nothing but
circumstantial evidence to offer. I proffer
it all, however, and if every other apiarist
would follow Mr. Edwards and me, and
not sit on the fence with criticism on his
lips and the sneering smile of the superior
being on his face, we should soon be out
of our difficulties. — H. M. Stich, Paisley.

The Origin of "Tanging."

[10163.] It is, I believe, generally the
case that when the original reason for a>
superstitious belief or practice is forgot-
ten, the people who used to hold it invent
a new explanation of their actions. Pos-
sibly this ii so in the case of " tanging."
The reasons usually given for it are : (1)
That it makes the swarm settle; and (2)
that it announces the "tanger's" owner-
ship of the swarm to his neighbours. It is
however possible that neither of these is
the original idea underlying the practice
of " tanging," even if — as seems possible
— it really does serve both these purposes.

Some little while ago, when glancing
through Frazer's " Fplk-Lore in the Old
Testament," I was struck by several facts
which, taken together with what we know
of bee folk-lore, seem to promise an ex-
. planation of the origin of "tanging."

There is a widespread belief that the
clang of metal drives away evil spirits,
and a somewhat less common belief that
it attracts good ones. Also, in many
parts of the world there is a practice,
derived from this belief, of making a
noise' with metal at a birth, to keep evil
spirits away from the child. Sir James
Frazer considers that this was the original
meaning of the story of the Curetes, who
clashed cymbals (or, some say, their spears
and shields) while guarding the infant
Jupiter. According to the legend, the
noise attracted a swarm of bees, and
Jupiter was fed on the honey ; but another
version states that this last story grew out
of the name of one of the two nymphs who
acted as nurses — Melissa, meaning "a
bee " in Greek. (See British Bbe Jour-
nal, 1911, p. 801 ; and "Folk-Lore in the
O.T.,". vol. III. p. 472.^

Now let us turn to the beliefs relating
to bees. There is plenty of evidence that

178

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 8, 1920.

bees were sacred animals in olden times.
I may mention the heavy penalties
attached to stealing them (which proves
that a man's bees were something more
than mere property, and that to steal
them was to do him a very great injury) ;
the belief th^at one must not sell bees ;
that the bee-keeper must be chaste, 'tem-
perate and peaceable (must have the quali-
fications of a priest, in fact) ; that their
swarming points out the lucky days
(China; see British Bee Journal, 1909.
p. 470) ; and, lastly, the important fact
that they must be told of all domestic
events, and the frequent Oriental custom
of keeping them in hives built into the
house-wall.

The suggestion is, therefore, that bees
were originally held to be in some way
connected with the house-gods or ancestral
spirits. This explains why the house-key
should be used to " tang " with, or to rap
on the hive when *' telling the bees." It
is associated with the threshold, which is
the especial haunt of the spirits of the
dead relatives of the inmates of the house.
(See "Folk-Lore in the O.T.," vol. III.,
p. 13.)

The action of " tanging" was therefore
originally intended to preT?fent these
spirits leaving the family; later, this be-
lief was forgotten, or fell into bad repute
owing to the people having adopted a dif-
ferent religion, and the more materialistic
explanation was then advanced, that a
swarm was "tanged" to prevent it from
decamping. Still later, people who
prided themselves on being free from
superstition suggested ' that "tanging"
was merely an assertion of ownership.

As' regards^ the practical question
whether ' tanging " makes a swarm settle,
may I suggest that perhaps the settling is
often due to the reflection of sunlight into
the swarm from the polished pan used for
"tanging." Bees while swarming are
tinder an uncontrollable impulse to rush
towards the brightest visible light; and
may well be confused and made to settle
by suddenly finding a sun underneath
them as well as above. Langstroth. in
fact, somewhere suggests the use of a
mirror for this purnose. — Annie D. Betts.
Camber!«v.

A Luckv Gale.

ri0164."l It's an ill wind that blows
nol)ody good, for even a gale has brought
good luok to me. The gale that swept
the country some weeks ago wrought havoc
to some wonderful old trees in the dis-
trict, one near by being split in halves,
e^ posing to the weather and public a
scene of intense interest to any bee-keeper,
for in the hollow of the tree a complete
nest, of bees could bp ppen.

Arriving early upon the scene, I rescued
the bees from their then exposed home,
and after tying the straight and clean
combs into frames with tapes, I placed
them with the bees in an empty hive,
where they are now happily settled.- — ■
Thos. Bligh, Holme Nurseries, Downham
Market.

Remedy for Ants.

[10165.] Having suffered from the above
pests in my hives I tried this: — Coat
each leg of hive with lithographif
varnish, see that the alighting boards do
not touch the ground, keep the weeds and
grass down close. Have seen the legs per-
fectly black with ants.

To the Lover of Bees.

Hail to the spring that comes in with a

rush !
Hail to the birds, and the song of the

thrush !
Oh for the bees, and the boom of the

drone !
It makes one feel happy; reminds one of

home.

From the side of the mountains bees to

us come,
Sheltered from winds, with a glorious sun.
On leaving these glories they in England

arrive,
To be transferred to a ten-frame hive.

A beekeeper man, who is pleasant and

minds
Says, " Larger home, my wee beastie, for

you I must find;
" Here's a nice, roomy, twelve-framer

hive for your home,
" It's airy, and warmer, and chock full

of comb."

" Here's Dadant's foundation, with a

good queen at stake.
And twelve Standard frames," and see

what she'll make; '
A hive full of bees, all ready to work,
Supers all crowded, and wax looking pert.

Now for the " Zip " of those bees off the

board,
Away on a flight through the sunshine

abroad ;
Returning with honey back to the hive

door,
Off again quickly for more, and for more.

" And now, Little Beastie, do you like

your new home? "
" We bless you, we're happy, just pulling

out comb,
" When God sends the sunshine how

thankful are we
" Beinember, kind owner, my work is for

thee."

C. Tpedcpoft.

April 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

m

Bees and Alcohol.

A curious argument against tlie use of
alcohol, which. I diaresay Mr. Pussyfoot
Johnson might tind useful, is afforded by
bees. Herr Buchner, a Grerman scientist,
who -tried the effect of feeding bees on
alcoholised honey, found that they soon
a<iquire a liking for it, and rapidly lose
their best qualities, giving up work and
adopting a career of brigandage, robbing
the hives of other bees instead of ga-ther-
ing their own honey. — From tlho Sheffield
Independent.

W^

Making Frames.

[9902] I think I am a convert to the
larger brood frames for my bees, and I
propose to adapt my four hives to the new
ideas. I do not want to scrap my present
hives, but to make deejoer brood chambers
to take frames 10 in. or 12 in. deep, but
not any longer than the ordinary stan-
dard frames.

This last season (my first in the craft)
I have had considerable trouble by find-
ing brood frames fastened to the floor of
the hives, and have in several cases pulled
the frames to pieces in trying to get them
out for inspection. I think the frames
are made too flimsy, and so I propose to
make frames for the new chambers much
stronger^bottom bar as strong as top bar,
and side pieces square, so that they will
take a good nail to hold bottom bar more
firmly. I also propose to utilise present
brood chambers and frames for supers.

"Will some kind friend with more know-
ledge and experience than myself kindly
say if in the above innovations I shall
be going on safe lines.— A Convert.

Eeply. — There i^ no necessity to make
the frames of such strength. The trouble
appears to have been caused by the bottom
bars being too near, or actually touching,
the floor board. There should be from
+ in. to f in. between the bottom bars of
frames and the floorboard and { in. be-
tween the ends and hive sides. There
will then be no trouble from the frames
being fastened.

Bee Shows to Come.

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.— Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show. The Glamorgan B.K.A.,
in conjunction with R.H.S., offer prizes for Hon-ey,
Wax, Bws. and Appliances. Members, Novices,
and Open Classes. Schedules, Mr. Wiltshire,
Maindy School, Cardiff. Entries close June 22.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

On« Penny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee gooas are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, imiuediaieiy under itie
trivate Advertisements. Advertisements ol Hive-
manuiaciurera can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of is. per Jin... or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVURflSEMENTS are .only in-
tended lor readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose 0). Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported tor sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of fni. extra witl be
made t/ a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than EIKST POST on TUESDAY MORNINU for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

FRIVATB ABVEKTISEIMBNTS.

AVx\CANCY occurs for a Pupil on an old-estab-
lished bee farm. Opportunity •will be given
to learn bee-keeping on a big scale.— Apply, Box
61, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street. W.C.2. r.a.57

WANTED, for scientific purposes, a few live
Bees, from diseased or dwindling stocks;
cages sent and expenses paid. — SNELGROVE,
Quadrant, Weston-super-Mare. a.ll

FOB SALE,' Bee Smoker, Queen Excluder, Feeder,
Skep, 16 Sections and Dividers.— WHITE. 16,
Pulteney Road. South Woodford, Essex. c.95

FOR SALE, cheap, second-hand, six Hives with
sections, and other Appliances, in good con-
dition.—MRS. M. BURTON. Holmleigh, Pannal,
Harrogate. d.31

FOR SALE, Stock Dutch Hybrid on 10 combs.
1919 Queen, £3. or nearest offer.— STAYGLE,
26, Ashburnham Road, Tonbridge. d.32

FOR SALE, three strong Stocks of healthy Bees
of Dutch descent on 10 frames in excellent
W.B.C. Hives, with lifts and one section crate,
price £6 each; immediate delivery; also a few
early Swarms can be booked at 3(te. each. Stamped
envelope for reply.- MAJOR HENDRIKS, Little-
wick Meadow, Knaphill, near Woking. d.33

FOR SALE, 1919 W.B.C. Hive with two racks
of partly drawn-out sections and excluder,
£2 10s.; several racks sections with- full sheets
foundation, 59.; empty racks, 2s. 6d.— VEASEY,
Holmwood, North Park, Eltham. d.34

STOCKS Bees for Sale in skeps.- HUGHES, Hill
Farm, Beechwood, Dunstable, Beds. d.35

WANTED, at once, young fertile Queen, Italian
preferred.— HEWITT, Balne Avenue, Wake-
field^ d£7

GUARANTEED strong, healthy Stocks of Bees
(leaving Cambs). What offers ?— WHIT-
TING, Eastwoods, Wimblington, March. d.3«

FOR SALE, four Hives, new, used once, guaran-
teed free from disease, all standard size, two
on W.B.C. orinciple ,two on Simmins' principle;
also two Stocks Bees.—" H. J.," 72. Greyhound
Road, Tottenham, N.17. d.39

HYBRID ITALIAN BEES.— Strong, healthy
Stock on 10 standard frames, guaranteed free
from disease, 1919 Queen. £5, free on rail Attle-
borough; box 10s., returnable. Stamp reply.—
"Clewlow," Codsall, Wolverhampton. d.40

ITALI.AN. — Healthy Swarms, 35s.; second
swarm*. 25s.; package returnable. Stamp for
reply.— CADMAN, Codsall Wood, Wolverhampton.
dM

FOR SALE.— Can offer one or two selected
Hybrid Stocks. 1919 Queens. 70s.— BALE, 1,
Hodford Road, Golder's Green. N.W. r.d.42

180

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 8, 1920.

STOCKS.— F€w for Sale, Italian etxain, 10 frames,
quiet, bleeding fa^t, £4 lOs— DR. COMP'f ON,
Harefield, Middlesex. <1.43

i 9 GUARANTEED healthy Hybrid Italian
±^i Stocks, Penna strain, £5 each.— J. YOUNGER,
6, ivlaid's Causeway, ,Cambridg-e. r.c.44

A FEW hundredweights of excellent White
dlover Honey for Sale, iiest otters will get
It.— JONES, Sunny Bank, Lianfihangel-Ar-Arth,
Carmarthenshire. d.45

FOR SALE, three or four Swarms Dutch Hybrids.
Stamp for particulars.— E. W. COOPER,
i,ouchmor6 Farm, Esher. d.46

WANTED, with immediate delivery, two strong,
healthy Stocks of good strain, 1919 Queens;
pure Italians preferred, otherwise Italian Hybrids;
also Geared Extractor in good condition; also well-
made Observatory Hive.— Box 79, B.B.J. Office, 23,
Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. d.50

FINE Light English Honey, granulated, in 28-lb.
tins, £8 per cwt., carriage forward; sample 6d.
— WELLS, Bowers Lane, Isleham, Cambs. d.51

FOUR strong Stocks of Bees, new Hives, £4 10s.
each, and spare lifts, etc. Must be sold, owner
going away.— Martin. 75, Southview Road, South-
wick, Sussex. d.4

VACANCY for Pupil to learn honey production,
either sex; cycle rider; men mast be ex-
Service; five apiaries; genuine workers, no
premium.— THOMAS, Causeway, Burwell, Cambs.

d.8

FOR SALE, about 5 cwt. pure English Honey.
No reasonable offer refused to clear.— Box 76,
B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street. Strand, W.C.2.

d.9

WANTED, 10/15 first-claes Stocks of Bees,
guaranteed free from disease.- Box 77, B.B.J.
.Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. d.lO

FOR SALE, W.B.C. Hives, Section Racks, two
cases new Sections, and other simdries. — For
particulars apply W. H. SIMS, The Summit,
Rednal Road, King's Norton, Birmingham. d.ao

HAVING bought another Apiary, can offer the
following bargains : Three pure Italian
Stocks, £5 each ; seven ordinary Stocks for £28, or
single Stock for £4 2s. 6d.; three Dutch Stocks,
£11 15e.; all bar frame.— THOMAS, The Causeway,
Burwell, Cambs. c.97

BEES.— Several Stocks for Sale, 6 frames. 3 gs.;
also Swarms. May and June.—MISS NEALE,
Highfield, Littlehampton. r.c.ll7

WANTED, portabl© Greenhouse.— Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HEMP8ALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HBRROD-HEMPSALL, afl above.

FOR SALE, one Exhaust Whistle, lie., post
free; one Wood Milne Motor Foot Pump, 468.,
carriage free.— HERROD-HEMPSALL. as above.

CORRESPONDENCE Course in Bee-keeping.—
MISS F. E. PALING. Golden Square. Hen-
field, Sussex. r.a.54

BUSIITESS ADVERTZSEnCSlTTS.
lid. per word.

PURE Carniolan Queens, imported, for Sale,
May-June delivery. Stamped, addressed enve-
lope.—B. WOODLEY, Thome, near Doncaater.

d.48

4 -FRAME NUCLEUS, 1920 Penna Italian Queen,
May-June delivery, 55s.; box 10s., returnable.—
Durrington, 208, Grangehill Eoad, Eltham, S.E.9.

d.36

STRICTLY BUSINESS.— Free samples Flavine,
six packages for 6d.; Wire Clearer Boards,
6s. 6d., postage 6d. ; Japanned Sprayers, 5s.,
postage 6d.; six cakes Flavine Candy, lOs., post
paid.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cam-
Dridge. d.47

6 -FRAME Dutch Stocks, splendid workers, one
stock of this strain gathered me 18 supers of
honey, total 360 lbs., in 1917, 65s., carriage paid;
boxes to be returned. Light Honey, £7 cwt., tins
and cases free, carriage forward.— F. BUTLER,
West Road, Histon, Cambs. d.49

BEES ON APPROVAL!— We guarantee our Bees
and Queens to give complete satisfaction.
Special terms to disabled men. Supply very
limited, so order now. Catalogue 3d., which is
refunded on first order.— PEARSON & GALE,
Marlborough.

DUTCH BEES, Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthes), Nuclei, Queens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.—Buy direct from Sole Agent, WHYTE, Bee
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire. b.61

A LIMITED NUMBER of six-comb Nuclei for
disposal, end of May or early June, 3 gs.
each; guaranteed healthy.— Communicate with
FRANK HOLLOWAY, Windmill House, Croxley
Green, Herts. d.l

3 -FRAME NUCLEI, 45s.; 4-frame, 556.; boxes
7s. 6d., returnable. Qneens, June 10s., August
7s. 6d. Cash witih order. All guaranteed healthy.
Over 30 years' experience.—^. SAWYER, Marlow,
Bucks. C.55

QUANTITY of drawn-out Shallow Combs, excel-
lent condition. Is. 6d. each.— E. H. TAYLOR,
Welwyn, Herts. d.23

ORDERS booked for S-frame Nuclei, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. List for
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. CRACKNELL,
Mount Road, Thundersley, Essex. d.27

ITALIAN NUCLEI, with 1920 Queens, 408.—
FOALE, Wolverton, Bucks. cUl

DUTCH AND DUTCH-ITALIAN.— Four-frame
Nuclei, May-June delivery, orders in rotation,
£3 3s.; casih with order; carriage paid. I strongly
recommend my Dutch-Italians. See B.B.J.,
February 26, page 99, conference of British Bee-
keepers re legislation. Dutch and Italian ihad been
tried; they were quite convinced that it was worth
while putting one's money on this strain— Dutcn-
Italian Hybrids.- SEALE, Ashley Cottage, Oat-
lands Drive, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. r.c.ll2

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
logue from H. STICH, Riccartebar Avenue,
Paisley. c.ll6

ITALIANS.— Queens, 5s. Book now. Stamp.—
HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup. r.c.77

BEES FOR SV.LE.— Several small Stocks, on six
comDs, of honey fed, healthy Bees, £3 10s.
each; travelling box lOa., refunded if box returned
in sound condition within seven days. Stamp for
reply.— REED. Primrose House, Heacham. King's
Lynn. r.b.30

PENNA strain Italian Queens, from June 7.—
ASHWORTH, The Bungalow, Weymouth.
Street, Warminster. r.c.82

WATERPROOF RU RBER SHEETS for cover-
ing outhouses, eic . 72in. by 36in., brass
eyelets, 12 for 20s.— SAG\RS STORES, Ardwick.
Manchester. bJ6

ITALIAN NUCLEI from .''•».. Fertile Queen from
7s. 6d., Virgins from 38. M., 8-frame Stocko £4.
Warranted healthy. Particisars stamp.— WATTS,
Conway Cottage, Newtown, j'arkstone, Dorset.

r.b.M

April 8, 192Q. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

HAVE TOU READ "THE BBB WORLD "f
If not, why not? Ev«ry number in itself i»
a DBcful literary work for practic* and reference.
Specimen copy free.-Offices : THE APIS CLUB.
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

Send for

Bee-Keepers
Wake Up !

You can make a
Big Profit if you
use right up-to-
date Appliances,
including the
Manley Hive.
MEADOWS,
Syston, Leicester.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
V.1NDS0R HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. Ail particulars from

W. HER]eOI>-Hi:MPSAI.Ii, 23, Bedford
Street, Strand. X<ondon, W.C.S.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Postage

A Modern Bee Tarm 7, 6 ... 6d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett) 5/- ... 4d.
BBB-KEEFING SIIiIFI.XFXED

FOR THE COTTAGER A2n>

SMAIiItHOIiDEB (W. Hebsod-

Hempsall, F.E.S.)

BEE-KEEFERS' FRACTXCAIi

NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)
BRITISH BEE - XEEFERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)
(paper covers only)
Dissectlble Model of Queen

FERTILISATION OT FRUIT
BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan)

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ...

Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks)

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock)

Management of Out Apiaries

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Conunercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hooper, F.R.H.S.)

PRODUCING, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Hbrbod-Hempsall, F.E.S.)

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-
lett)

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen)

Snelgrove's Method of Be-
Queenlng

The " Townsend " Bee Book ...

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ...

Wilke's Book on Swarming ...
MISCELLANEOUS.

Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.

The Lore of the Honey Bee.
(Ttcknfir Edwaedes) 2/- ... 2d.

THE BEE WORLD (supplied
only to members of Associations
interested in the control and
development of the Apis Club,
apart from ordinary members of
the latter), per copy -/8 ... Id.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

23. BEDFORD STBEBT. STRAND, LONDON, W.C.8.

1/-
1/-
2/6

4/6

-/3
-/6
-/2

5/-

3/-

./6

2/-

10/6

1/6

lid.
lid.

3d.

3d.

14.
11.
Id.

Od.

id.

3d.
6d.
2d.

-16

... Id.

2/6

.. 2d.

2/-

.. 2id.

1/-

.. lid.

RACTEROI

*-'' FOR BEES *-*

2/6 per Pottle.

99 The cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle o{ Wight " Disease.
Non-poisonous — free from stain
or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES. LTD.,

Post Free. 39, Farringdon Road, London, E.C 1.

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.G. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent.

(New deep frame lyx 14X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

XHR APIARY, BROMLEY, KENT.

h

TSE BUlTlSfi BEE JOtJUNAL. April 8, 19:20.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

" Everything for an Apiary,"
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

Cbe metal Toundatton i

latest

(Protected)
invention in Scientific hive

equipment.

t3 0 0

Durable ^ Economi: ^ Sterilisable

0 0 0

An Ideal compromise between the Metal
Comb and the Wax Foundation.

For further details and prices, send for
our 1920 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE, post free on application. It con-
tains detailed information on the most \\
up-tO'da'e hives and appliances for which ^
the House of Lee is famous. "yi

*^* Five per cent discount to Members of ^

THE APIS CLUB.

(Telegrams : Graphicly, Uxbridge.

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex,

Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

■n

n
n
n

nnr^nnnnnrxnnmxmxn^^

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

Sid. POST FREE.

S, SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

Commercial (16' x 10 ) frames and brood boxes stocked.

Feintid by TBI AviNui Prbsb (L. Upoott Qill & Son, Ltd). 55-67, Dbcry Lani, London, W.C. ims
Pdbluhid for TBI Propriitor (W. Hbrrod-Hiupb&ll), by Siupkin, M*»«ball, Hahiltom,
£Biii A Co.. Lid., 31 St 2A, Patbrnostbr Bow. £.C.

BKITI8& BbB JOtlENAL AND BeE-KEBPEKS' ADVISEE, April 15, 1920.

^SKS^L

& JBcerT^ccpcrs
Adviser.

cxV^ekly Journal Devoted to
tne Interests oj

Bce-Kccpers.

No. 1978. Vol. XLVin

APRIL 15, 1920.

{Fuhliihti tvery ThurMday, Prlo* 2d.

CSONTX'EIIfX'S.

A Forward Movement

Review

RovAL Show Fund

A Dorset Yarn

Jottings prom Huntingdonshire

Bees in Macedonia

Notes of a Novice

A Novel Method op Re-qtjeening
British Bee-keepers' Association—

Monthly Meeting of Council . .

Lectures at Golders Hill Park

page
181
181
182
182
183
184
185
186

186
187

PAGE

Bucks Bee-keepers' Association 187

Cheshire Bee-keepers' Assochtion 187

Bee-keepers' Association in British Columbia . . 188
Correspondence —

Natural Stores v. Sugar Feeding 188

" I.O.W." Disease : One of its Causes 188

Wake Up England 189

Information Required 189

Another Remedy for "I.O.W." Disease — 189

British Honey Producers' Association 189

Notices to Correspondents 190

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYGOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 years.

This is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exactly as be^^
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with waxi
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take , to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send for Catalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Catalogue pott free.

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO.. of U.S.A.
Sole Manufacturer and Licensee:

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN. HERTS.

11

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 15, 1920.

THE

British Bee JournaE

Established 1873.

A. Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAJT, F.I..S., Sic.,
and J. HERROD-HZIMPSAI.I., T.E.S.

Oorrespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SabMrlptlons. - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, othervyise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Kemittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Hutfptnny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if Sd.-'is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in Qie paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM*

You are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing with strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persiona using
the Deposit System of trading.

Groods should not be deepat&hed until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase- money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of aj
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque.
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud,

2. Deposits.— Poetal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempeall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The nnmbers of
the Poetal Orders sihould be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Apprpval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be 6ta,ted to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will . be remitted as per Clause l.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buy^r.
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Postage

A. Modern Bee Parm 7,6 ... 6d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett) 5/- ... 4d.
BBB-KEEPING SZMPI.IFIED

FOB THB COTTAGER AKD

SMAJUUEXOIJ>BB (W. Hekeos-

Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/- ... lid.

BBB-KEBPEBS' PBACTICAIi

NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... Ifd.
BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan> 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)
Dissectible Slodel of Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTII.ISATION OF FRUIT

BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... l:.l.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. Q. Bancks) •/2 ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock) ... 5/- ... Od.

Management of Out Apiaries 3/- ... Cd.
Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Conunercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hooper, F.R.H.S.) -/6 ... fd.
PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

Herbod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-

lett) 10/6 ... 6d.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladkn) 1/6 ... 2d.

Snel grove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.
Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... ijd.

MISCELLANEOUS.
Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.
The Lore of the Honey Bee

• (Ttckneb Edwardes) 2/- ... 2d.

THE BEE WORLD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and *

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... id.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

23. Bedford stekbt, Strand, London, w.c.f.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. HBaUtOD-EEOUPSAJUCi. 23, BtdtorA
Streat. Strand, Londoa. W.C.SU

April 15, 19^q: the BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

181

A Forward Movement.

Very shortly tlie anniversary of the
institution of The Apis Club will be due.
A general conference of members in tvhe
United Kingdom will be held at the Cen-
ti-ial Hall, Westminster, on Saturday, May
29, to decide on the future constitution of
the club (the draft of which is well thought
out, and is most embracing),* the elec-
tion of its Council, the selection of its
toffices, and on other important matters
rc>lative to the scope and conduct of the
work, including the future of The Bee
World, its official organ, which will soon
bo completing its first volume.

It is gratifying to find the membership
of the club, despite all obstacles, is grow-
ing at a steady and sure rate, already em-
bracing several hundred members, the rate
of increase per month alone accounting in
itfolf for the membership of a respectable
society.

In view of the non-party, the national,
as well as the international, character of
the work, it is to be hoped that members
of all associations are well to the front in
iti enthusiastic support, so that it will be
truly representative and impartial. The
advantages of the membership of this re-
search, educational and co-operative insti-
tute far exceed the comparatively small
membership fee. This in itself, apart
froni the lofty spirit of public duty, should
win for the cluL a still greater measure
of support, whiclr cannot be better shaped
than by a more rapid increase of its mem-
t)ership, by the liberal patronage of the
whole trade to the publicity section of its'
official organ, and by a greater education
of the public as to its objects and acti-

\ -f IPS.

' The scheme has entailed during its orga-
nisation phase a heavy sacrifice and a full
sense of responsibility, both endured with
au admirable spirit, as every member who
has visited its offices and inspected its
books and files must have verified for him-
self or herself. On the basis of this exoep-
,tionar self-denial and tenacious persever-
arfde in th& service of such an ide>al, the
(British bee communit.v should h-e capable
of worthy construction for a big forward
movement.'

Seeing that international apiarists
everywhere are appealing for the whole-
hearted support of the work, we make no
apology, as the I'oading bee journal in
" ' r.ountry, which has given it sincere
help from the' beginning, in repeating our
appeal. ,.

* " The Bee World," February, 1920. ~

Review.

Dcti'Tnunatian of the Age in Honey'
Bees, by H©len L. M. Pixell-Goodrich,
D.Sc. The Quarterly Journal of Micro-
scopical Science, Vol. 64, Part 2, Janu-
ary, 1920. The writer of this paper says
it is of . the utmost importance in the
study of certain bee diseases to be able
to' separate definitely bees dying of a
specific disease from those which arc.
merely dying of old age. As during the
summer ihonths worker bees seldoni live
more than from six to eight weeks, the
normal daily mortality is very high. Old
be.es as a rule die away from home, and
it may be that the last load is too much
for them, but sometimes they appear to
return, especially to a weak colony, and *
are then turned out by the younger mem-
bers, it is difficult to recognise an old bee
hv her worn appearance, because young bees
under exceptional circumstances, may be-
come hairless and have their wings frayed.
That such a diagnosis for scientific pur-
poses was useless was. apparent to the
writer, and as bees have so few ways of
showing their symptoms there is much
difficulty in recognising disease from old
age.- If a bee is ill or very old she will
first be unable to fly, and later hardlj'-
able to crawl. In " Isle of Wight " dis- .
ease one of the characteristic symptoms
is crawling, and it is important to know
if bees that are found crawling are really
diseased or only old. So far in this dis-
ease, a specific organism has not yet been
separated. Although Nosema apis is fre-
quently found in cases of " Isle of
Wight " disease, it is not the cause, for it
is found in many cases where the charac-
teristic symptoms do not appear at all,
and on the other hand is not found in un-
mistakable cases of the disease. The ali-
mentary canal contains so many different
bacteria that with ordinary media it is
difficult to separate them for identifica-
tion. The uncertainty as to whether a
crawling bee was merely senescent or really
diseased caused the problem of finding
whether any special bacterium was asso-
ciated -with the disease practically im-
possible to solve. .

As Dr. Goodrich was satisfied that fi'om
an examination of the external parts of
the body of the bee it was not possible to
determine the age, she turned her atten-
tion to the study of the brain and head
parts. The work of O. S. Minot. '' The
Problem of xVge, Growth and Death," and
others, suggested to her that the nerve-
cells would give a good indication oi age,
and the results .showed that much could be
learnt from their study. Serial sections
of the brain and suboesophagial ganglion
were made, and in these cells of diflferont

182

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 15, 1920.

sizes were found. The large cells show
great constancy in appearance, and are
very similar to those from other bees of
the same age, but exhibit constant dif-
ferences from those of bees of other ages.
A reference to the excellent illustrations
accompanying the paper will show the
difference in the cells at different ages.

This work, which was carried out for the
Ministry of Agriculture, was required for
their pathological work to find out whether
a crawling bee sent for examination was
aged or not. Consequently, if nerve-cells
were found to be in sufficiently good con-
dition, old age can be eliminated, and it
would then be worth while to spend time
on - the complete investigation of the
numerous bacteria of the bee, which may
take some weeks, on the chance of finding
some organism which may be pathogenic.
Dr. Goodrich's work is an important addi-
tion to our previous knowledge of the
subject, and she sums up by saying, " For
the study of those diseases with which no
specific organisms have so far been identi-
fied, it is important to be able to elimi-
nate bees dying of old age, and this can-
not be done with certainty by observing
outward symptoms. However, the age of
bees, which normally work almost inces-
santly for about six weeks and then die,
may be determined with some accuracy
from a study of the brain-coll«. With
advancing age the cytoplasm of these cells
undergoes gradual reduction peripherally,
until in senescence only a vestige is left
surroundino; the nucleus."

Royal Show Fund.

The Council of the British Bee-keepers'
Association are anxious to. take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show may not be spoilt. In order to
defray the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that all bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which should be sent as early as possible
to the Secretary. 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, "W.C.2.

DONATIONS RECEIVED.

S. d.

Amount received ... ... 15 0

Mr. A. H. Breach 5 0

Mr. A. Donkin 4 0

Total

£14 0

KOYAL SHOW.

Will exhibitors please note a printer's
error in the schedule. In Class IR
" gathered during 1919 " should be
" gathered during 1920,"

A Dorset Yarn.

It was good to read in this week's
Journal that supers were on and partly
fitted. Fortune always favours those that
take a risk. " Nothing venture, nothing
have," and to get new honey it is worth
risking something. We have plenty of
sections for sale in May, but never in
March ; bees never take to sections so soon
as bars. This season is early, but we have
always been afraid to give space above too
soon, as bees must of necessity keep the
brood warm, and when they are breeding
on 13 frames of comb they have a lot of
brood to cover. The earliest sections we
have had have been with a reduced brood
chamber, but with a small brood chamber
they make such early arrangements for
swarming. Then one has to unload the
racks to take out the queen cells. One
Jikes to do this before placing on racks of
sections or bars, as it is not all bee-
keepers that have the time to give to them.

One college boy assured me last summer,
in his holidays he makes a new lot by divi-
sion, takes out the queen cells, leaving but
one, puts on one rack of sections, one box
of bars, and goes back to college for the
next term ; then at the August holidays he
harvests his stores. It seems like an Ame-
rican story, but his people said he did not
lose his swarms. So he did what he could
when home, and left the bees to do the
work while he was away. He was making
arrangements for a farm when his college
term was at an end; one could but think
he would be successful on the farm, as he
was so methodical with his bees.

We find that honey is still being stored
above and extra comb is being built, but
/we do not see any drones above the bars,
though in a small skep drones can be seen
on the front. But these are blacks; the
drone is very black. Yet not any are to be
seen with the Italians, but they have so
many bars in the hives they do not have
the same necessity to hurry swarming.
The pollen that is brought in has so many
shades of colour it is difficult to determine
the source ; the clouded green and bright
yellow predominate. By far the greater
number of bees are pollen-bearers this
week, yet nectar is being stored away in
abundance and capped over. As one looks
down on the glass they sweep their tongues
from side to side, and the honey appears
to stay in the cells on the upper side close
to the glass, and does not run to a level
«« most other liquids do. Should assume
it is mostly from gooseberry flowers, as
thev are so close to the hives. American
books tell us that bees get a lot of nectar

April 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

183

from wild gooseberries (Langstroth, page
'698), but American books on Jiorticulture
consider this a very poor fruit, especially
thti British race, but the native species of
America, which they call Ribes oxyacan-
thoides, stands the extreme variations of
climate better, and gives a great deal of
nectar in some States. F. W. Chard, in
his exhaustive book on small fruits of
America, quotes one called Ribes gracile,
tha,t grow.6 over the dry plains of the
States. Many of the seedlings that come
u.) wild from the excrement of birds pro-
duce very few fruits, so cannot be of much
use to bees.

We have now some of the cherries in
flower. These, like pears, open at diffe-
rent times, some varieties later than
others. It is computed that they only
bloom 21 days, and are in full bloom only
12 days ; that is about the time each
variety is in flower. If the bees do not
carry the pollen from different varieties,
the sorts that are sterile in themselves
cannot possibly give fruit.

The wild cherries in the woods give ns
now a lot of blossom, but as they are not
near our cherries the bees cannot give us
any help with that pollen. By having
some that are good for pollination planted
with those that are sterile, we get the good
results with our bees.

We get a good many letters still about
buying land and houses. Many of our
bee-keepers want to come South. There
are many farms being split up for our
.soldier heroes, Avho Avill not want the
large farmhouses for their modest house-
keeping. ]\[any of them will be sold by
tho owners, so there will be room for some
of our Northern bee-keepers after this
season is passed. Many of the new-
comers are taking up bees with their
stock, and are enthusiastic about the re-
sults. They are taking np shares in the
County Ee-stocking Association. Some are
tired of waiting, and are buying up storks
at £'\ and £4 each, as they want to see
good results this year. I always advise
them to buy clean established stocks on
eight and ten bars, even if they have to
pay double for them. One bee-keeper
as.sured me that he sold three hybrid
stocks for £18, each of them on ten bars,
only last week. This was at a local sale.
No less than five bee-keepers were there;
some wanted to buy glasshouses, some
fowls. While waiting for the lots we
wanted we talked of bees. Mr. Watts, of
Parkstone, has a very fine lot of Italians,
which he has managed to keep true to
colour: Mr. Tite is eaoer for a local asso-
ciation to be formed, that bee-keepers
may meet and assist each other; "Mr. Giles,
who keeps bees with great success, is a
man of many parts — a fine carver of wood,
beside being a local preacher for the

Methodists. It was good to listen to
them; each of thenj knew the good bees
were for profit to themselves, beside the
pleasure of possessing them. It seems
that enthusiasm is the greatest lever to
help on all associations; without it all
seems cold and commonplace. But these
men love the least of the great Creator's
creatures. In spare time they take plea-
sure with their bees. Some of them are
growers like myself. They are producers
of food under glass and in the open field,
have invested their money in production,
and know that bees help them. Some of
our bee-keepers have retired from business
and have taken up bees as a hobby. One
close to me who bought a swarm in a soap
box two years ago now has six bar hives
full and six new ones all ready for increase
this year. He has his new bars all fitted
and wired, foimdation all fixed, racks of
sections ready. All shows fine business
method. He must succeed ; nothing is left
to chance. — J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

The past week has been one of cloudy
skies, many showers, and occasional down-
pours. The bees have been rather impa-
tient, and are longing for the sun to
shine forth in all his strength. There are
buds everywhere, which only need the
.genial warmth Old Sol can give to bring
them forth in all their beauty. After such
refreshing rain there should be nectar in
plenty as the weather improves, which it
•^ shortly going to do. As one watches
the swallows and hears their merry twit-
twit, one realises how near summer must
be. Queen wa.sps are out in all too great
numbers, and' it is some satisfaction to
know that every one killed means ^ne nest
less. And what a number of flies one
sees ! The mild winter has allowed all too
many to live, and unless drastic measures
are taken they will be a plague as the
season advances. It is worth while look-
ing into every room and killing every fly
ithere may be crawling about; every fly
killed is a million less later on in the
year.

One notes with pleasure that some 1,300
queen bees have been ordered under the
Ministry of Agriculture's scheme, but
what an oversight that the price should
bo a flat rate of 8s. 6d. Surely any bee-
keeper would sladly pay 10s. 6d. for those
delivered in May, and, say 9s. for June,
while 6s. 6d. might be considered a rea-
sonable price in Julj-. It is some satisfac-

184

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 16, 1920.

tion to know that at lease 1,OQO of these
queens will come from Piana's apiary.
This effort of the Government ought to
do much to stamp out " Isle of Wight "
and other diseases that bees are prone to
suffer from, and, with the Bee Diseases
Bill, coupled with investigations that are
going on in inany laboratories on both
sides of the "herring pond," sliould ulti-
..m^tely result in Nosetrui a.pis, " Isle of
Wight" and other hee sicknesses, being
things of the past. What then? Apicul-
ture in the British Isles will be a stimu-
lating and profitable business. We shall
not only be able to supply our home
.markets with the "delectable sweet," but
shall be in a position to consider exporta-
tion of our surplus honey. There is
already a delightful feeling of fellowship
in the apiculture world. Occasionally,
and only occasionally, one comes across'a
bee-keeper who shuts up like a trap Avhen
h$ is questioned on his craft, but these
close and uncommunicative individuals
are enemies to themselves. Their refusal
to impai't any knowledge gained by prac-
tical experience results in others refusing
to impart information to them. I have
>met one of this breed quite recently..
Friendly questions as to how his bees are
faring are not welcomed. He draws him-
eelf lip, and, looks, or tries to look, the
personification of Avisdom, and mutters in
•a superior sort of voice, " Oh. I don't keep
ibees; they keep me. I have nothing to do
"with- new-fangled notions. — I've a method
of mj- own which I follow, and always get
good results." On 7ny suggestiuo; that he
>ioriu ),e doing good service to his brother
ibee-keepers if he handed on his M'isdom, he
curtly replied, " Let 'em find it out, same
as I've had to do." Personally. I am
ahvays suspicions of these superiorly wise
type of bee-keepers. When tbey get a
fair result in honey and stocks they never
cease to talk. If disaster overtakes them,
they keep silent, or talk only of their suc-
cess. They remind me of amateur poultry-
ikeepers who when their nests are empty
say nothing, but let them pick up a few
ooorg per day now and again and they
advertise it abroad, with the hope of irti-
■pressing their neighbours. Ask one of
them, " How do you manage it? " The
reply comes, " Oh, there's ways of doing
it." With that you have to be satisfied^ —
say little and think more. To go back to
what I was saying. Brotherly co-opera-
tion in the bee world is an essential if
iRUCcess against foreign competition is to
b> commanded. Every apiary shoTild be
'ai observatory, and knowledge gained
should be passed on. What matters it
whether we be dukes, marquesses, earls,
'barons, baronets, knights, or just mom-
'bers of .the common herd, we Khonld be all
comrades in apiculture.^— F,. F. Hemjuno,
Steeple (ridding. ' , ,

Bees in Macedonia.

The letter from a fellow-member of the
British Salonica Force reminds me that
I have not redeemed the promise I made
to tell what I know of bees in that wild
land.

Except for an occasional forager, I
did not see any bees worth mentioning
till the end of May, 1917, when I saw a
small swariA clustered on the ground by
the roadside. In the middle-^ of June, 1
was exploring a ravine in the same
neighbourhood (near the town of Kilkich)
when I came across a little cave in the
cliff. It was quite open, and not more
than four feet from front to back, and
two or three feet high. In this cave,
quite exposed and visible, was a small
colony, a swarm of the current year, I'or
the five combs were all quite new and had
only a small patch of brood. I took the
honey, as such luxuries did not often come
our way, but the flavour was very poor
indeed, and had a bitter twang which I
did not appreciate.

Although working more or less noi'-
mally, this colony did not in the least
resent my interference, and both these
and others which I fbund later were the
tamest bees I ever handled. As Mr. North
says, they are distinctly smaller than our
black bees, but I did not notice much
variation in colour. • There was no trace
of yellow, and they might be described
asi a small black, with, perhaps, rather
more grey hair about them. So little
different did they seem, in fact, that I
did not go out of liiy way to preserve any
specimens.

I saw a swarm of about 2 lbs. on a bush
about two months after this, and, in fact,
hived it in a ration box; but. as I had no
means of feeding it, and the flowers -,i-ere
practically all dried up, it did not make
n\uch headwa;^, and as we moved shortly
afte'rwards I was obliged to abandon it.

In September I Avent on duty one day
to a Greek camp, where, to my delight, I
fcund a flourishing little apiary, some
stocks in the native hives and some
in ration boxes of sorts. ' There were ten
or twelve' altogether, ranged on a stand
about three feet high, no doubt to keep
out ant-s. That the bee-keeper knew some-
thing about the craft was evident from
the presence, of a shallow pan filled with
stones as a drinking place. One would
have to fill the pan several times a day,
I imagine, and it was quit-e dry then. I
could not see the owner, he being away,
and I did not visit the place again.

The following winter I was quartered
in an abandoned village, and in my wan-
derings came across several, native bee-
hives, all empty. "They were of, wicker
work, pi a 'Stared with a mixture, of . mud
and rowdung, inside and out'; donie-

April 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

185

shaped, but much higher than wide, being
about 18 in. high, and not more than nine
to 12 wide at the base.

In the spring I noticed a colony in an
elm tree not far from the village. The
bees were entering a small hole about ten
feet up, and I intended watching it in
the hope of getting a swarm. As usual,
I was shifted just before I might reason-
p.My have expected one.

It needs little knowledge of bee craft to
understand why bees are scarce in the
country, and why it is extremely unlikely
that apiculture would ever be very profit-
able in Macedonia.

The winter is very severe, and the
coldest portion comes in February or
March. Perhaps a little explanation may
be desirable for those who have never
been so unfortunate as to spend a year or
two in the Balkans. The dominant factor
in the weather is the " Vardar," a wind
which blows at intervals throughout the
year. It comes from the north-west, pass-
ing over the snow-covered Carpathians,
which take all the heat out of it. It
occurs at least once a month, and more
frequently in the winter, blowing steadily
for two days or longer. I have known it
to blow continuously for five days. When
this wind is not, the climate is delightfiilly
mild, and one can lounge about in shirt-
sleeves in January in perfect comfort.
But if a " Vardar " springs up in the
night one will need greatcoats, fur coats
and any old thing one can get hold of the
next day.

As I said, the worst of this came late,
and then, about the beginning of April,
a sudden change came. Light winds from
the south, bringing soft, warm rain,
prevail for a month or more. The herb-
age shoots up, and the flowers blossom
almost as by magic. There is a riot of
blossom, particularly clovers of all sorts
of familiar and Tinfamiliar species, so long
as these rains last. But early in May
they cease, and except local storms, which
in the plains occur rarely or not at all,
there is no rain till autumn.

It is obvious that no known methods of
stimulation could get a stock from zero to
full honey-gathering strength in timr- for
the blossom, which, when I Tound the
swarms, was well on the wane. There are,
of course, various species which bloom
through the dry weather, but even the
majority of thistles have passed their best
by the end of June. The Erhinons ritro.
known i>o bee-keepers a.s the Chapman
honey-plant, is certainly common in places
and blooms late, but, ourinnsly enough.
I ne.ver saw a bee at it the whole time

T fear this is all much ado about
nothine. for I do not suppose there is anv-
cne mad enough to contemplate going out
there to start bee-keeping.

The young 'ady who so charmingly
deputised for the "Jottings from Hunts"
some weeks back expressed a fervent
desire to capture a " Marbled White."
T'oes she know Monksw<3od in her county?
It is not more than ten miles from her
home, lying hard by Wood Walton. If
she will visit it on a suitable day about
the middle of July, she may hope easily
to realise her ambition. I have taken,
iiot only that, but the dark green fritillary
and several other vei-y local species of
butterfly there. She might even hope to
see the wonderful Apatura iris, though I
was not so fortunate.^ — Herbert Mace.

Notes of a Novice.

The experience of a novice in his first
season of bee-keeping may be of interest
to other novices who are readers of your
admirable journal, and may possibly
create a smile of amusement to older bee-
keepers by recalling to their minds their
own early days in the craft.

My interest in bees was aroused by the
desire to improve the fertility of the fruit-
trees 'in the garden, and, settling down
again after war work in the early spring
of 1919, I was anxious to get the bees going
in time to benefit the trees for the current
season. A hive was duly purchased and
painted readv for use,, and a stock of Eng-
lish bees on eight frames ordered. The
bees arrived on the evening of April 22,
too late for transference that day, and I
must confess that, having had no previous
experience whatever with bees, some sleep-
less hours were spent occupied with
thoughts, mingled with trepidation, of the
operation of transferring them on the
morrow.

Armed with smoker and gloves, however,
the operation was successfully carried
out the next day, and my first hive satis-
factorily established.

Thus encouraged, another stock of 10
frames in a hive was ordered from a well-
known bee-keeper, and this arrived on
April 25. On my first examination of
these a serious difl&culty presented itself,
for the brood box contained eight frames
only, no dunrmy, and the remaining space
a ma.ss of comb. Advice was sought from
our district expert, but, being a very busy
man, three weeks elapsed before he was
ahle to pay a visit of inspection and put
matters right.

The report on my stocks on May 17, the
date of his visit- wks -.—No. 1 : A good lot,
with young queen, going strong, and
almost ready for supering. No. 2: A poor
lot, with very old queen which needed
superseding.

Anxiety now Arose lest No. 1 should
swarm in my absence — I am away from

186

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 15, 1920.

home all day — so, acting on advice, pre-
paration was made to make an artificial
swarm from tliis stock. This operation
was carried out successfully by myself,
without gloves and with only two stings,
stock No. 3 being started on June 7 in a
hive made at home in spare hours.

Attention was now turned to No. 2, and
having purchased a fertile Italian queen,
I attempted to re-queen by Simmin's
method of running in at night. The old
queen was found with difficulty and iiilled,
and the new queen run in some hours
later. This was on June 14, but the queen
was evidently rejected, as queens were
subsequently reared in the hive.

On Sunday, June 22, returning from
church in the morning, my young son,
greatly excited, met me with the news
that the bees had swarmed and had settled
on a young apple-tree. I was caught
unprepared, but with haste improvised a
hive, and, securing the swarm in a small
dress basket, ran them in during the even-
ing. My first swarm taken successfully ! —
though the operation was carried out with
considerable anxiety — and No. 4 hive set
up. So far so good, but the pace was
getting too hot for me. On June 27 a
strong swarm issued during my absence.
Fortunately they were secured for me by
a. neighbour, but, being in ignorance as to
which hive they came from, and having
no other accommodation ready, they were
run into No. 4 and the queens left to fight
it out.

On July 2 a swarm from No. 2 issued.
These were secured and returned to the
hive. I noticed at least two young queens
go in with this lot. On July 30 a swarm
issued from No. 3 ; these were returned
to the hive after cutting out eight queen
cells. This swarm was also a surprise to
me, as the hive was supered with sections
atid had not been examined for some time.
This finished my days of excitement for
the first season.

From June 24 to July 24 much per-
plexity was experienced owing to no signs
of a laying queen in either No. 1 or No. 2.
All well in both hives, however, on the
latter date.

Owing to bad weather, and probable
mismanagement, only 20 lbs. of honey was
secured. Two stocks were sold in Sep-
tember and a stock qi pure Italians pur-
chased. I wintered down with three
strong stocks with full stores.

Commencing with the idea of increas-
ing the fruit crop only, I have become
enamoured with our little friends, have
discovered the hon camaraderie of bee-
keepers, and am looking forward with
great hope to a successful season in 1920,
my zeal being stimulated each week bv
reading your excellent journal. — B. J. F.

A Novel Method of
Re-Oueening.

In the German bee-paper Bienenzucht
is told how a queenless colony got itself
a new queen. " Last autumn," says the
correspondent, " a bee-keeper de-queened
a colony in a frame hive. The queen was
killed, the colony remained in the hive.
Then he stifled a skep on a stand ten
metres away, took the stifled bees and
threw them under a skep, bumped the
skep of the stifled lot on the earth, so
that the queen and some bees fell out and
then went to his tea. When at the end
of half an hour he returned, he found the
de-queene(| lot very uneasy. Then he saw
a small ^warm, now greater, now less,
where the stifled queen and bees were.
The bees of this little swarm were from
the de-queened lot. Shortly all the bees,
together fl-ith the queen, rose up, returned
to the frame hive and entered it. Now
the queen walks sound and jolly round her
new kingdom." Comments, please!

I find this iu' a German bee-book: —
Drone cells are used by the bees for brood
and very unwillingly for honey-storing;
therefore. Me seldom find pollen in them,
and they are only used for honey when all
other aA^ailable cells have been used. It
is not good then to put drone combs in the
super, for they act on the queen as a
magnet (and are distasteful to the honey-
storers). "When I think back over some
scattered experience I find this true
enough, remembering some supers of
drone-comb that were very rehictantly
taken to. In fact, I have bought no drone
foundation for many years, though the few
well-tried old combs I have generally come
in useful. The greed of the queeji for
drone-cells, of course, plays into our hands
very nicely when the time comes for rais-
ing an early batch of selected drones for
fertilising our young queens. — G. G.
Desmond, Sheepscomb, Glos.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The monthly meeting of the Council was
held on April 1, 1920, at the Central Hall,
AVc^tminster. Mr. T. W. Cowan pre-
sided, and there were also present Miss
M. D. Sillar, Messrs. W. F. Eeid. W. H.
Simms, G. J. Flashman, J. Herrod-Hemp-
sall. G. Thomas, G. Brydc-n. G. W. Judge,
A. Richards, C. L. M. Bales, T. Bevan.
Association representative, J. Pearman
("Derby), and the secretary, W. Herrod-
Hempfall.

Letters of regret at inability to attend
wore read from Sir Ernest Spencelr and
Mr. G R. Alder.

April 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

The minutes of the previous meeting
were read and confirmed.

Mr. T. W. Cowan was re-elected chair-
man and Mr. W. F. Reid vice-chairman.
The various committees were re-elected
with the following additions: — (Finance),
Messrs. G. W. Judge and W. H. Simms,
vice Messrs. J. Smallwood and E. Walker.
(Exhibition), Mr. J. Pearman vice Mr.
E. Walker. (Publication), Mr. G. Thomas
vice Mr. J. Smallwood. (Board of
Examiners), as before. (For Lecture
Test , Miss M. D. Sillar and Mr. W. H.
Simms vice Mr. Smallwood and Mr. E.
Walker. (Emefrgency), as before.

The following new members were
elected : —Mrs. G. J. Flashman, Mrs.
Macrory, Mrs. E. C. Seymour, Miss A. M.
Holland, Miss Hinton, Dr. H. French,
C.B.E., F.R.C.P., Dr. W. St. Andrew
St. John, Messrs. D. Owen, F. Holland,
H. T. Thornbery, C G. Traill, T. H.
Hayes, J. C. Wood, M. C. Gibb, E. F.
Jones and F. L. J. Wilson.

The following Associations nominated
representatives, and all were accepted: —
A. H. E. Wood (Aberdeenshire and
Kincardineshire), H. Stroud (Essex), D.
E. Bonvouni (Pembrokeshire), W. E.
Moss (Leicestershire), J. N. Kidd (Dur-
ham County), E. Ff, Ball (Bucks), W. M.
Valon (Staffordshire). '

Payments amounting to £57 17s. were
passed.

Applications for Preliminary Examina-
tions from Salisbury, Glamorganshire,
Derbyshire, and Leicestershire Associations
were granted.

A resolution re price of sugar was
read from the Derbyshire Association, and
it was explained that everything possible
had been done to obtain a reasonable
price.

Next meeting of Council, April 15, at
23, Bedford Street, Straurl, T>ondon,
W.C.2.

LECTURES AT GOtDERS HILL P.\RK.

A special "course of six lectures on bee-
keeping will be given in the British Bee-
keepei's' Association's apiary. London
County Council Park, Golders Hill, Lon-
don, N.W., on Fridays, April 23 and 30,
May 7, 14, 21, and 28 at 6 o'clock each
evening.

Those desiring to attend these lectures
must make application at once for enrol-
ment and particulars to — W. Herrod-
Hempsall, Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

A simple " chat " on bees will be given
free, at 3.30 each afternoon before the
lectures.

18T

Bucks. Bee-Keepers* Association.

The annual meeting of the Association
took place on Saturday, March 27, at
2.15 p.m., at the Congregational Schools,
Aylesbury.

In the unavoidable absence of Mr.
Winterton and Mr. Watkins, Mrs. Bass
was voted to the chair.

Mr. Winterton, who has so kindly lent
his apiary every year for the examina-
tion of candidates for third-class certifi-
cates, was elected president for 1920. He
is the only person in the county with a
first-class certificate. The present mem-
bei's of the committee other than Mr.
Phillips and the Rev. T. E. Peters were
re-elected, and Miss Hay and Mr. A. E.
Warren were elected in the place of the
latter two, who, to our regret, retire. The
vice-presidents and other officers were
duly elected. Mr. P. Ryall, who has re-
turned to the county, was, together with
the Hon. vSecretary, elected a delegate to
the B.B.K.A.

Cheshire Bee-Keepers' Association.

The annual meeting of the Cheshire
Bee-keepers' Association was held at
Chester on March " 6. The Rev. Canon
T. J. Evans presided over a record
gathering of members. The Secretary gave
a report of last year's work, stating that
the membership had increased by 100.
The county re-stocking scheme had been
most successful, all the nuclei applied for
being supplied. It was announced that
the work would be continued another
year.

The Duke of Westminster was re-elected
pres'ident; Col. Sir G. Dixon, J.P., Major
H. Barnston, M.P., Major G. H. Garratt,
Miss L. Brooks, Mrs. F. Roby, Dr. F.
Paul and Messrs. A. B. Earlc, J. W. P.
Laird, T. N. C Nevill, Jesse Haworth,
Geo. Malcolm, A. M. Sturges and Capt.
Leicester Warren were elected vico-prosi-
dents.

Mr. E. W. Franklin was re-elected hon.
secretary and treasurer.

Major G. H. Garratt and Mr. A. J.
Blakeinan were elected delegates to the
B.B.K.A.

It was resolved to hold the annual show
at Chester this year, in connection with
the Cheshire Agricultural Society, and to
support the Altrincham and Knutsford
Shows.

This being the twonty-first anniversary
of the birth of the Association, the mem-
bers felt pleased that in spite of the vicis-
situde of war and pestilence they had been
able to bring it through to mature ago.
They now look forward to many years of
increased activity and usefulness. — Com-
municated.

188

THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL. April 15, 1920.

Bee-Keepers' Association of British
Columbia.

KOOTENAY DIVISION.

The second annual meeting of the
Kootenay Division, Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion of British Columbia, was held at the
Board of Trade. Rooms, Nelson, on Satur-
day, January 17, 1920. The President,
Major-General Lord Aylmer, presided, and
there was a good attendance. The annual
report stated that the past season had
been about an average one for honey pro-
duction in the Kootenays. The total crop
is estimated to have been 23| tons, and the
average pei- hive 50 lbs., against 21 tons
for 1918. The general average for the
whole Province is estima,ted at 38 lbs.
per hive. The weather on the whole was
too dry for realising a larger quantity.
In favoured localities where the rainfall
was more abundant, record yields were
obtained. One of the members in the
Slocan Vallev reported 2,100 lbs. surplus
from three hives, spring count, the largest
yield yet recorded in the Province. In
Creston and Castlegar honey dew was
gathered bv the bees owing to the dry
weather. Thi-ee colonies in two apiaries
were found to be aff^ected with American
foul-brood, and it was T)roved, beyond a
doubt, that the disease had been brought
in with -package bees import^ed from the
United States. These were all destroyed.
There were good exhibits of honey shown
at the Nelson Fair last September. The
"Aylmer Trophy," consisting of a hand-
some clock, donated by the President, for
the exhibitor scoring the highest number
of points, viz., three for a first, two for
a second, and one for a third prize, was
won by Mr. R. V. Ramsden, Nelson. The
silver medal, donated by the Canadian
Bank of Commerce, for the best twelve
jars of extracted honev, went to Mr. 11. E.
Sainsburv, Cranbrook ; and the bronze
medal, similarlv donated, to Mr. R. V.
Ramsden for the best twelve sections of
comb honey. 22.385 Association honey
labels were taken by the members during
the season. The bulletin on " Bee-keep-
ing in the Kootenavs," issued by the Divi-
sion, has had a wide circulation, having
been sent to all nnrts of British Columbia.
several of tho otbor Provinces, the United
States and tlie Old Country.

The following resolution was passed at
the meeting: — Resolved that the bee-
kfiepcrs here assembled form an Associa-
tion entitlpd the " British Columbia
Honev Producers' Association, Kootenav
Division." and .that the Kootenay Divi-
sion, Bee-keepers' iNssociation of British
Columbia, be dissolved, and all funds
remaining and incoming be handed over
to the new Association.

W. J. Sheppard.

Natural Stores v. Sugar Feeding.

[10166] It may be of interest to your
readers to know the experiences of bee-
keepers in this district with regard to
" Isle of Wight " disease. There have
been several apiaries, but all with one
exception have been destroyed by this dis-
ease. This apiary belongs to a man who
has been a bee-keeper for 30 years. He
is not uji to date in his methods, his
hives, which are mostly made of old boxes,
are poor, nnpainted, and certainly not
waterproof ; yet, notwithstanding the fact
that he has been surrounded by disease,
his own bees have remained perfectly
healthy. He attributes his immunity to
the fact that his bees have always been
fed during the winter on natural stores,
whereas all other bee-keepers around him
have fed their bees on sugar. I myself
am certainly drawn to the conclusion that
in sugar feeding we are so weakening the
stamina of our bees, that when disease
comes, they have no power of resistance,
and fall easy victims. — Charles S.
Greenhough.

"Isle of Wight" Disease: One of
Its Causes.

[10167] The article appearing in your
issue of January 22 by Mr. R. L. Edwards
provides much food for thought, and his
theory regarding " Isle of "Wight " disease
has the merit of being distinctly
intersecting.

To the lay mind there are several
factors regarding which some more
information is desirable before one would
feel justified in ruling out other con-
siderations, and accepting the theory
advanced.

To those who have made a close study
of the subieet, and all that has appeared
in the " B.B..J." and elsewhere pertain-
ing thereto, my inquiries may appear
somewhat elementary. Nevertheless, to
the great mass of bee-keepers, I think it
would be of assistance for future observa-
tion to confirm or refute the experience
recorded by your correspondent, if more
information were forthcoming on the
following points : —

1. Partly drawn out combs given : Wf're
these above suspicion from being a
source of infection?

2. On what date was experimeiit com-
menced, and was any artificial
stimulatirrg adopted?

April 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

189

3. . . . " Within 21 days a lovely queen
was left on 40 combs of decaying
larvae, etc." Does this mean within
21 days from the time queen was
transferred to second chamber?

4. Were any steps taken to ensure th^t
ample food supplies (both honey and
pollen) were available all the time,
or were the bees left to provide for
themselves ?

5. If the latter, was there any cessation
of honey flow during the course of
the experiment?

6. Is there any conclusive evidence that
vitality of nurse bees is materially
lowered by having a large quantity
of larvae to feed, provided that food
is available in sufficient quantity?

7. Is it not rather that, having insuffi-
cient food- to go round, the nurse
bees themselves suffer from partial
starvation?

8. Mr. Edwards says that the nurses,
and not the field bees, are the first
victims. This may be perfectly
true, but do not the decaying
larvae, and half-hatched bees,
indicate that they are the first
victims?

It is easily conceivable that the con-
ditions of atmosphere indicated by your
correspondent would quickly be brought
about by the decomposition of the dead
larvae in a warm hive. That, to my mind,
is a result. What we really require to
know is the cause.

In the case under review one or other
of two causes seems probable —

(1) Starvation.

(2) Overwork of nurse bees.

Until the first is absolutely ruled out,
it seems a waste of time to consider the
second. I, therefore, suggest that, if Mr.
Edwards can give an emphatic declaration
regarding the former, a big step forward
will have been made.

My intention, during the coming
season, is to experiment on a small scale
with intensive brood rearing, and any
further light which can be thrown on this
question will be much appreciated.

Jay Bee.

Wake Up England.

[10168] England has at present the
honour of possessing a journal, the Bee
W'orld, which is primarily devoted to the
encouragement of hee-keeping research. It
provides a means of publication for any
bee-keeper who has a discovery or idea
to impart to his fellows, and is deserving
of -much more support than it has hitherto
received. Re-search is — ^or should be —
neutral ground, on which no private poli-
tical ...or other controversial views should
intrude, but all should work together for

the advancement of knowledge. It is to
be hoped that British bee-keepers will
awake to a sense of their opporti;nity, and
support the Bee World and the Apis Club
liberally. The past years should have
taught us all the value of scientific know-
ledge and the danger of neglecting it; let
us show that we have learnt our lesson.

As my name appears on the list of the
editorial staff of the Bee World, it may be
well to state that I have no financial in-
terest whatever in the success of that
journal, and make this appeal solely from
a wish to see wiped out (as far as bee-
keepers are concerned), the reproach of a
contempt for science under which our
nation labours. — Annie D. Betts.'

Information Required.

[10169] Knowing that members of the
craft are always ready to assist each other,
may I trespass on your valuable, space with
the following : —

Will any bee-keeper living near Lon-
don be good enough to recommend bee dis-
tricts, within 12 miles of the City, whorfe
there is likely to be housing accommoda-
tion in the near future? Any information
will be much appreciated, and postage
refunded.— L. C F., 37, Archers Road,
Easfcleigh, Hants.

Another Remedy for " Isle of
Wight" Disease.

[10170] . I am writing to ask you if you
will in.sert in the British Bee Joubn.vl : —
I have found a cure for " Isle of
Wight " disease ; my fellow bee-keepers
can have the recipe on payment of 2s. 6d.
(which will be given to our local hospital).

This is a sure cure, and very little
trouble, costing only about 3d. per hive.
I will guarantee this will cure any case of
" Isle of Wight " disease. Ctawlers
sprayed with it are flying the next day.
— A. Bartholomew, The Homestead,
Beccles.

British Honey Producers'
Association.

[10171] I was pleased to see in your
issue of April 1 a proposal to form a
" British Isles Honey Producers' Associ.T-
tion." As I was one of the prime movers
in establishing the " New Zealand Co-
operative Honey Producers' Association,'
which has now become an unqualified suc-
cess, probably over two-thirds of New
Zealand bee-keepers are shareholders, and
over 600 tons of honey are handled annu-
ally, my offering a few remarks may not
be out of placife.

The weak point in the suggestions put
forward, -to my mind,' is that the honfey

190

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 15, 1920.

is to be sold on commission ; those, there-
fore, who happen to send in their honey
first would reap tlie chief advantage,
especially if the season has been a good
one, and more or less of a glut has
occurred for the time being. Those whose
honey arrived later would consequently be
left out in the cold, and things would
remain much the same as they are at pre-
sent. Why not pool the whole of the
honey and pay out a percentage to all sup-
pliers in proportion to the amount they
have sent in, at certain intervals, until
the whole of the crop has been disposed
of?

This would mean real co-operation ; en
this principle, all would share and' share
alike, and no charge of favouritism could
be brought against the management.

I quite agree that propaganda must
precede any scheme being put into opera-
tion, but before this takes place it will
be necessary to have a Board of Trade
Oriler issued that aJl imported honey shall
have its country of origin specified on the
label, otherwise the general public will not
be able to tell whether they are buying
British honey or not.

If the Association is formed it should
be run on strictly commercial lines, on a
share basis; that is, the number of hives
kept should determine the number of, say,
£1, shares to be taken up, reckoning, say,
at the rate of 5s. per hive.

I M'ill not suggest any further details at
present, but trust these few remarks
may he of use. — W. Hoopee Teed.

H. K. Springett H'hea^m). Mouldy pollrn in
com&s.— Spray them with) a 10 per cent, solution
of formalin, " Bacterol," or " Yadil " and wat^r.
If the pell«ts are dry much of the pollen may
be shaken out of the cells, or you might soak the
combs in water for a day or two and then wash
out with a garden syringe.

H. J. Stride (Winton).— Spring feeding.— Bo not
feed up to a certain amount in the spring, but
use a elow feeder. The object of spring feeding
is not to get a lot of syrup stored in the combs.
If this happens the egg-laying activities of the
queen are curtailed, and as a result the colony
does not build up so rapidly as it should. Stop
feeding as soon as the bees are able to obtain
sufficient food from fruit and other blooms.

J. EcKFORD (Surrey). — Dinnfecting combs, etc..
with formalin.— The method you propose would
be effective. We cannot tell you how many of
the formalin tablets would be needed, as we do
not know their size. No doubt instructions are
■ given with them as to how many are needed for
a given area. Tour room contains nearly 2,000
cubic feet.

" CvMRO " (Mont.).— The simple fact of excreta on
the alighting board does not of itself indicate
dysentery. It has quite likely been evacuated by
the bees when taking a cleansing flight.

M. T. (Enfield).— Tour plan should be successful.
When dividing remove the standard combs to a
new site, and leave the queen on the old one.
If you fail to find her and accidentally take her
to the new location, the bees left on the old
stand will rear a queen if there are worker eggs
in the combs.

R. N. AvELiNE (Coventry).— (1) For a reoristration
form for sugar for bee food apply to The Secre-
tary, Wai-wickshire Agricultural Executive Com-
mittee, Horticultural Branch, 12, Northgate
Street, Warwick. (2) Tou cannot do better than
continue your present method. Place the box
over the standard frames when it is nearly full
of bees and comb. (3> Yes.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2s. 6d. is made for notices
(not exceeding 7 lines) in this column. 10 lines
charged 3s. fid., up to 15 lines 5s., which covers
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

June 16 and 17.— Hanley Parb Meetlne of the
Staffordshire Agricultural Society. The Stafford-
shire B.K.A. offer valuable prizes and six silver
medals and nine bronze medals. Twelve Classes
for members only, and five Open Classes. (Honey
Classes are for four or three .lar® or se/ctions).
Schedules, W. Griffiths Silkmore, Stafford.
Entries close May 29.'

June 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Royal
Agricultural Society's Show, Bee and Honey
Section, under the direction of the B. B.K.A. Prizes
arranged in groups of counties for Associations
affiliated to the B. B.K.A. Schedules from The
Secretary, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2.
Entries close May 31.

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.- Royal Horti-
cultural Society's -Show. The Glamorgan B.K.A.,
in con.iunction with R.H.S., offer prizes for Honey,
Wax, Bees, and Appliances. Members, Novices,
and Open Classes. Schedules, Mr. Wiltshire,
Maindy School, Cardiff. Entries close June 22.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Advertisfimenta must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MOJININO for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertiont
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepert' Record " free of
charge.

\

PRIVATE ADVEBTISEMEITTS.

WANTED, from August 22 to September 4, in
Cornwall or Devon, within 12 miles or so of
sea, Bedroom and Sitting Room, with shed for
motor car; farmhouse preferred. Can any bee-
keeper oblige me?— W. BERROD-HBMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

FOR SALE, two "Rotax Roadlight 267" self-
contained Acetylene Motor Headlights, very
powerful, £6 the pair; one Exhaust Whistle, 10s.;
one Wood-MilTie Motor Foot Pump, 408.—
HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

TWO good Stocks of Italian Bees, Penna stxain,
third year from Claridge, £4 10s. each: 5s.
refunded if box returned carriage paid.—
HANSON, 24, Triangle, Ilkeston. d.53

THREE Stocks of Hybrids on 10 frames, £3 each,
p-iiararfped healthy: box 10s., returnable.—
MILLER, Wood Road, Shepperton. d.54

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italisn
Queen, 50s.; box charged 10s.. returnable; Mav-
.Tune delivery; £1 denopit with order.— LEE,
" Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess Hill, Sussex.

d.26

April 15. 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

191

LARGE 2 cwt, Ripener, fine condition, strainer,
lid and iap, 50s.; 3-frame Observation Hive,
walnut and plate glas6, takes four sections, £2,
boxes eight drawn-out dxone combs, shallow
framee, 8s. each.— VINCENT, 132, Croyaon Koad,
Aneriey. d.55

FOR SALE, four strong Stocks of healthy
Italian Hybrid Bees, 1919 Queens, on 8 and
10 frames, £4 10s. each.— HO'B±iS, Camlot Cot-
tages, Barnet, Herts. d.56

1 FINEST Virgin Clover Honey, 20 lbs. 40s., 15 lbs.
31s. Swajms booked. Particulars stamp.—
NORTH, Cressing, Braintree, Essex. d.57

EXCHANGE, five good Bee Hives for two stocks
of bees, or sell.— GREEN, New Dale, Wel-
lington, Salop. d.58

iT^OR SALE, four Stocks Italian crosis, guaran-
teed healthy, good disease resisters, £4 each.
— GRIFEIN, Brook Farm, Colnbrook, Slough, d.59

WANT OFFER.— Two joiner-made Hives, g-in.
■boards, W.B.C. pattern; 19 Standard Frames
with foundation; never been used.— R. MORRIS,
80, Church Road, St. Annes-on-Sea. d.60

FOR SALE, Geraniums, Scarlet Crampel, 65.;
summer flowering Chrysanthemums, 29. 6d.;
.Tomato Plants, strong, 3s. per dozen; early sown
Leeks, 3s.; Celery, 46. per lOO; 50 same rate; car-
riage paid.— HALL, Highfield Lodge, Balderton,
Newark, Notts. r.d.61

FOR SALE, six lO-frame Hives, Sections, Racks,
Smoker, etc.— BAKER, 6, Walsingham Road,
Clapton, London. d.62

FOR SALE, three new W.B.C. Hives with inner
chamber, super, and section rack; never hetm
used; £2 each; bargain.— H. STRIDE. 37, Ridley
Road, Winton, Bournemouth. d.63

ITALIAN HYBRIDS. — Surplus 1919 fertile
Queen, lOs.; Nucleus (1919), wintered with 1919
fertile Queen, 30s.— WEBSTER, Tretawn Park,
Mill Hill, N.W.7. d.04

PURE Light Cambridge Honey, 14-lb. tins,
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. tins, 42s., carriage paid;
sample 4d.; tins free.— J. YOUNGER, 6, iMaid's
Causeway, Cambridge. r.d.66

FOR' SALE, four Stocks of Bees, no disease,
£4 lOs. each, or offer.— R. H. BOTT, Benning-
ton, Stevenage, Herts. d.67

CONQUEROR HIVES, one single, one double,
for Sale complete ; no disease ; in excellent
condition.— RECTOR, Quedgeley, Gloucester, d.65

FOR SALE, 12 strong Stocks Italian Bees, abso-
lut-ely free of disease, mostly 1919 Queens, £5
each, on 10 standard framesi (can have some hives
if desired). -THOS. G. WALKER, Symonds Hyde,
Hatfield, Herts. r.d.68

PLANT " Willow-Herb," splendid honey flower,
12 2s.— BOWEN, Coronation Road, Chelten-
ham. d.69

bOD Glazier's Diamond, perfect, 8s. 9d.— HUB-
BARDE, North Kilworth, Rugby. d.70

G

IT^GR SALE, two Hives and Sundries.— 29, Ulundi
Road, Blackheath. d.71

FOR SALE, cheap to clear, well-preserved
B.B.J.'s, 1903 to 1914, complete, quantity illus-
trated Dutch Bee Journals, Swarthmore System
Queen-irearing Appliances.— ARCHER, 64, Kingston
Road, Oxford. cL72

PRACTICAL INSTRUCTION, in Bee-keeping
wanted by lady; Manchester.- Box 80, B.B.J.
(5ffice,_23, Bedford Street, W.C.2. d.73

FOR SALE, Swarms, English strain. Book now
ipT May and June.— BRISTOW, 47, Auckland
Hill, West Norwood, Surrey. r.d.74

1?0R SALE, May and June Swarms, £2 —
KNOWLES, Thursley, Godalming. r.d.75

■1 9 GUARANTEED healthy Hybrid Italian
1^ Stocks, Penna strain, £5 each.— J. YOUNGER,
6, ■-Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.c.38

SI WARMS for Sale, May and June, from healthy
) stocks. Stamp.— CHRISTIE, Hill View, O.xted
Koad, Godst^one, Surrey. d.76

1 01 Q QUEENS for Sale, 8s. 6d. each.— MRS.
lUliJ iiRUCE CULVER, Broomfield Hall,
Swanley, Kent. d.77

ITALIAN.— Healthy early Swarms, price 35s.—
Apply, MRS. A. M. WADMAN, Sompting,
Worthing. d.78

HEALTHY Stock Hybrids, 10 frames, ready for
supers, £4 49., or with nearly new " Don-
caster " Hive, zinc, and two racks sections, £5 15s
-CLUBB, Sudbury, Suffolk. d.79

Q WARMS.— Orders taken for a few Hybrid
O Italians, May-June, 30s. upwards. Book now.
-<:LUBB, Sudbury, Suffolk. d.80

IT^OR SALE.-Can offer one or two selected
^ Hybrid Stocks, 1919 Queens, 70s.— BALE, 1,
Hodford Road. Golder's Green. N.W. r.d.42

"t O GUARANTEED healthy Hybrid Italian
J-jLj Stocks, Penna strain, £5 each.— J. YOUNGER,
6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.c.44

FOR SALE, thieve or four Swarms Dutch Hybrids.
Stamp for particulars.— P. W. COOPER,
Couchmore Farm, Esiher. d.46

FOUR strong Stocks of Beee, new Hives, £4 10s,
each, and spare lifts, etc. IMust be sold, owner
going away.— Martin, 75, Southview Road, South-
wick, Sussex. AA

FOR SALE, about 5 cwt. pure English Honey.
No reasonable offer refused to clear.— Box 76,
B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2.
d^

FOR SALE, W.B.C. Hives, Section Racks, two
cases new Sections, and other sundries. — For
parti-culars apply W. H. SIMS, The Summit,
Rednal Road, King's Norton, Birmingham. d.20

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Pric« and
particulars to W. HBREOD-HEMP8ALL,
Old Bedford Road. Luton. Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HBRROD-HEMPSALL. aa above.

BUSIITESS ABVERTISEHCEITTS.
Isd. per word.

UTCH AND DUTCH-ITALIAN 4-,FRAME
NUCLEI, May-June delivery, orders in rota-
tion, £3 3s.; cash witn order; carriage paid. See
B.B.J., February 26, page 99, Conference of British
Bee-keepers re Legislation. Read what the
greatest experts say : Dutoh-Italian Hybrids had
been tried. The result was they were quite con-
vinced they stand up against disease better than
pure races. They hoped in a few years that a
number of these little strangers will be within our
gates. Also, it was worth while putting one's
money on this strain— Dutch-Italian Hybrids.—
SEALE, Ashley Cottage, Oatlands Drive, Walton-
on-Thames, Surrey. r.d.81

ITALIAN HYBRIDS.— Limited number 3-frame
Nuclei, 1919 Queens, May-June delivery, pack-
ing and carriage paid, 50s.— HUTCH I NGS,
Stopsley, Beds. d.82

3 -FRAME ITALIAN NUCLEI, frames crowded
wiih sealed brood, 1920 Queen, no disease,
£3 3s.; box 109., returnable; carriage paid; cash
with order. Initial cost slightly more than for
some nuclei, but worth it. Satisfaction guaranteed
or money returned. Full particulars free.— E. H.
TUNMER, "Chalfonts," Leiston, Suffolk. r.d.83

WE .\RE NOT a restocking scheme, but we
supply the bees. No Government queens used.
Send 3d. for Catalogue (money refunded on first
order), and see what our satisfied customers say.-
PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. d.93

192

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 15, 1920.

MISSES PALINO AND PILLANS baving
combiii'ed and enlarged tlieir Apiariee, are
now prepared to book orders for strong 5-f rame
Italian Nuclei, massed with brood and bees, headed
with 1920 Penna Queens or 1920 Queens of their
own rearing from best selected Italian strains, £5,
cajriage paid. Speciality made in rearing choice
Italian fertile Queens, I2s.; Virgins, 6s. Reduc-
tion on quantities. Pupils taken.— Golden Square,
Heufield, Snseex. r.d.84

INVICTA KENT BEES.— Nuclei for Sale. Write
for particulars, then, if satisfied, send 2s. 6d.
deposit with order, balance June l.— EDWARD
GRIS'TWOOD, Cheriton, Folkestone. Same address
17 years. r.d.85

Cr rv— 7 K 5-FRAME Nuclei Italian Hybrids, 1920
Oyj i O Queens, proved disease-resisting strain
and excellent honey gatherers. Delivery early
June onwards; orders executed in rotation. Price
45s. each, carriage paid; travelling boxes to be
returned.- Further particulars, HOSEGOOD, 26,
Purley Park Road, Purley, Surrey. d.86

PURE GOLDEN ITALIANS combine all
qualities desirable. Nuclei and Queens are
being booked rapidly. Particulars stamp.—
COOMBER, 64, Ronald Park Avenue, Westcliff,
Essex. d.87

BEES FOR SALE.— Fine pure-bred Italian
Stocks on 6, 8, or 10 frames, also Hybrids and
Blacks. All guaranteed to be free from any
disease whatsoever, and to be bred at apiaries
situated in the beautiful Avon Valley fruit district.
These apiaries have never yet shown any signs of
" I.O.W." disease at any time since they were
established four years ago.— Apply, stating require-
ments, to 7, Gravelly Hill North, Birmingham.

d.88

EXTRA SPECIAL.— We can now offer 100 mere
June Pennas, delivery latter part of month
from Bologna, I5s. each. Orders' in strict rotation.
— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge.

I CAN SUPPLY in May and June a few very
fine Nuclei of Hybrid Bees of Simmins' strain
on standard frames, also a few on 16 by 10 frames
to anyone who is in difficulty as to procuring the
latter. I do not want to sell the large frame lots
particularly, but will do my best to supply a few
if wanted.— R. B. MANLEY, Brlghtwell, Walling-
ford. d.91

HAVE YOU WINTERED 100 PER CENT.?
If not, your strain must be wrong. Booking
orders now for delivery June onwaxds. Hardy
disease-resisting, home-reared Italians; splendid
honey gatherers. Three-frame Nuclei, 1920 Queen,
price £3 3s., carriage paid; 76. 6d. refunded on box
if returned carria.ge paid Saxilby Station. Terms :
Cash with order. I will refund lOs. on all orders
not despatched before July 1.— HERBERT
VALLEY, Apiarist, Saxilby, Lincoln. r.d.92

PURE Carniolan Queens, imported, for Sale,
May-June delivery. Stamped, addressed enve-
lope.—B. WOODLEY, Thorne, near Doncaster.

d.48

A LIMITED NUMBER of six-comb Nuclei for
disposal, end of May or early June, 3 gs.
each; guaranteed healthy.-^Communicate with
FRANK HOLLOWAY, Windmill House, Croxley
Green, Herts. d.l

3 -FRAME NUCLEI, 45s.; 4-fram©, 5Ss.; boxes
7s. 6d., returnable. Queens, June 10s.,' August
7s. 6d. Cash witib order. All guaranteed healthy.
Over 30 years' experience.-^. SAWYER, Marlow,
Bucks. r.c.55

NUCLEI for honey production. Nuclei for re-
stocking purposes. Vigorous strains of world-
wide reputation.— STURGES, Sihensfcone, Hartford.
Cheshire. d.24

HAVE YOU READ " THB BBB WORLD"?
If not. why not? Every number in itself ii
ft nMfal lit«rary work for practic* and rftfereac*.
Specimen copy free.— Office* : THB APIS CLUB,
Poft Hill HooBe, Benson, Oxoa.

QUANTITY of drawn-out Shallow Combs, excel-
lent condition. Is. 6d. each.— E. H. TAYLOR.
Welwyn, Herts. r.d.55

ORDERS booked for 3-frame Nuclei, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. List for
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. CRACKNELL,
Mount Road, Thundersley, Essex. r.d.27

ITALIAN NUCLEI, with 1920 Queens, 40s.--
FOALE, Wolverton, Bucks. r.c.lll

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
logue from H. STICH. Biccartebar Avenue,
Paisley. r.c.ll6

ITALIANS.— Queens, 5s. Book now.
HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup.

Stamp.—
r.d.90

BEES FOR SALE.— Several small Stocks, on six
comDs, of honey fed. healthy Bees, £3 lOs.
each ; travelling box 10s., refunded if box returned
in sound condition within seven days. Stamp for
reply.— REED. Primrose House, Heacham, King's
Lynn. r.b.30

PENNA strain Italian Queens, from June 7.—
ASHWORTH, The Bungalow, Weymouth
Street, Warminster. r.c.52

WATERPROOF RUBBER SHEETS for cover-
ing outhouses, etc., 72in. by 36in., braes
eyelets, 12 for aOs.— SAGARS STORES, Ardwick.

Manchester. r.b.l6

Dutch Bees.

I have been appointed Sole Agent for Hans
Matthes, the Dutch Bee Farmer who supplied t)he
British Government last season with Siepfi for
their County Be-stocking Scheme. Hans Matthes
also supplied me with what Skeps I required last
year.

Last autumn I got a large consignment over
from Holland, and am presently wintering these
at my Apiary here.

To those desirous of testing these Dutch Bees. I
will be pleased to send on my Illustrated' Cata-
logue, containing much information regarding
the hardiness, prolificacy, disease-resisting, and
honey-gathering characteristics of this race of bee.

Address —

R. WHYTE,

The Bee Farm,

Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAB, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings. LONDON. E.C.2'

April 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

i-> "RACTEROI "

2/6 per Bottle.

FOR BEES

The cure for, and preventive of>

" Isle of Wight ' Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD.

Post Free. 39, Farringdon Road, Londoa, £.C 1.

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

INSURE YOUR STOCKS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now pldced within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "Yadil" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

Cbe Hm €lub.

(FOUNDED 1919.)

Bn international Snstitute for tbe service of ^o5ern apiculture an& for
fostering a genial spirit of scbolarlg' brotberboo& amongst beeskeepers of
all countries witb tbe co=operatipe object of promoting tbeir e&ucational

anD material interests.

If you have a live interest in bee culture as a science and a craft you

should join ci)e Mm Club.

For particulars write to :

The Secretary, CbC Jlpis ClUb, Benson,

Oxon, England.

S. J, BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured

by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17 x 14 X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

XHR APIARY, BROMI^E^Y, KENT.

The "HERROD APICURE."

V ' SIMPLE CLEAN! EFFICIENT I

For the Prevention and Cure of Foul Brood and other Diseases 01 Bees.

DON'T DELAY— ORDER AND USE AT ONCE.

PRICE, with full instructions, 1/8, 2/10 and 5/8, post free. From all the leading Appliance

Dealers, and from

TIKE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL & RECORD OFFICE, 23, Bedford Street, W.C2.

iv

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 15, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a Eocd hive , should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality — THE MAN LEY HIVE for 16 in, x 10 in Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

'''Everything for an Apiary.'*

If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO - SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

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THE APIS CLUB. Q

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For further details and prices, send for
our 1920 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
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(Telegrams : Graphicly. Uzbridge.

JAMES LEE & SON,

Uxbridge, Middlesex,

Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

LTD., yx

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20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

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S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX.

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

^ Commercial (16' x lO) frames and brood boxes stocked.

P&INTKD IV TBI AVINUI PSESS (L. IJPOOTT GlLL & SON, Ltd) 55-57, DbUBV LiNt, LoNDON, W.G., AMD
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& JBce-J:^ccpers
Adviser.*

oCV^ckly Journal Devoted to
the Interests oj

Bcc-Kcepers.

No. 1974. Vol. XLVIII

APRIL 22, 1920.

[PubIt«A«d •v«ry TAHriiUy, Prlo* Sd.

CO vr rc £2 If rv s.

PA(}E

RBVirw 153

British Bee-eeefebs' Association 193

BoYAL Show Fund 195

A Dorset Yarn 195

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 196

To Talk op Many Things 197

A Beginner's Difficulties with " Isle op

Wight" Diseaab 198

Sussex B.K.A 199

page
200
201
201

Warwickshire B.K.A

Sheffield and District B.K.A

Beverley and District B.K.A

Correspondence—
" Isle of Wight " Disease : One of If© Cauees 201

Bees on the Seashore 202

Notices to Correspondents 202

Bee Shows to Come : 202

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYGOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 t;ears.

This is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exactly asbe^^
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with wax,
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send for Catalog^ue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Catalogue pott fiee.

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO., of U.S.A.
Sole Manufacturer and Licensee:

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

u

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 22> 1920-

THE

British Bee Journal

Ebtulibhed 1873.

Jk Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

-dlted by T. W. COWAJT, F.I..S., Sec,
and J. HERROB-HESiKPSAU:!, FJB.S.

Ooprespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literaxy Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SabMrlptlons. - Annual Subscription,
lOa. lOd. post free in advance ; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped ajid addressed envelope
mtist be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Honey. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be»6ent for small amounts up to 28.
Hutfptnnjf stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in" payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents Wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM*

Yon are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing with strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In vrA&T to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read -over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatclied until notice that
the money has been deposited Is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at otir office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount dep.osited. less , a charge of ai
per cent, in the £. with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post OfELce Orders a>nd
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, ^r by Poetal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
T»'e return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are eecured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawji on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempeall, and crossed "Xondon
County and Wea^tminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
Oecar In tranaii.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which miist be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing thfe order to be stated to
UB when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.- These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article An
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of, all goods, except
such as are sent by pest, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent ,on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carnage one way. ',

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done througli bee
stings. Ail particulars from

W. HEKROD-HBBCPSAIJ;!, 33, BedforA
Street, Strand, London, W.C.S.

Tiie products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stoclc, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2'

Cbe metal foundation.

(Protected.)
For the benefit of readers of the JOURNAL
and the RECORD we have arranged with the
manufacturers of the Metal Foundation to
accept all orders received through our offices
at a consideration in the shape of a 25 per
cent, deposit to begin with, and the balance
by mid-March, or prior to delivery, if earlier.*
All orders are guaranteed by them to be
executed not later than April, 1920.
Prices :— (1) BRITISH STANDARD FRAME,
fully fitted with "worker"
Metal Foundation : Single.
2t. 4d. ; per two dozens, 2s. 3d.
each frame ; per four dozens
and over, 2s. 2d. each frame.
(2) ST A N DA R D SHEET of
** worker ** Metal Foundation :
Single, 2s. ; per two dozens.
Is. 11 d. each sheet; per fonr
dozens. Is. lOd. each sheet.
Subject to a 6 per cent, diecount to memben «f
the Apis 01 nb.

Packing & Carriage Extra.
*^* Since the Metal Foundation will be prt>-
duced only to order, no order will be subjcjpt
to cancellinf.

April 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

193

Review.

Jijbhreshericht iiber die FauTbrutversi-
cherung des Vereins Schweitzer Bienen-
ziichter pro, 1919, by F. Leuenberger,
Bern. Tbis is the 12tli annual report of
the results obtained in German-Switzer-
land as the result of legislation and in-
surance. There was a large increase in
the number of bee-keepers insuring
amounting to 1,024, with 16,684 colonies.
"I'hus they have reached the record num-
ber of 14,684 compulsorily insured apiaries
containing 162,346 colonies.

During the year foul brood was found
in 39 apiaries, 70 of which belonged to
members of the Association and 19 to
non-members. The percentage of foul
brood cases is 0.5 per cent., or one colony
in every 200. The highest percentage of dis-
ease is found in the following cantons : —
Valais, 6 per cent. ; Glarus, 2.9 per cent. ;
Bale, 1.1 per cent. ; Lucerne, 0.8 per cent.
It is satisfactory to find that in six can-
tons, namely those of Uri, Zug, Soleure,
Schaffhausen, Appenzell and Thurgovie,
not a single case of foul brood was found.
The resxilts show the value of inspectors
and the advantages that resulted from
legislation. Valais still shows the highest
percentage of cases, as it was the worst-
infected canton in Switzerland, but even
here we find the percentage of infected
colonies reduced from 10 per cent, in 1913
to 6 per cent. The high percentage is
accounted for by the fact that foul brood
had for years become endemic in this can-
ton, owing to no measures having been
taken to combat it previous to legislation.
In the 89 apiaries consisting of 620 colo-
nie.<^, foul brood was found in 199. Of
these artificial swarms were made from 61
and 138 were destroyed and appliances dis-
infected. In accordance with recent in-
vestigations, it is possible to free honey
of the disease germs by adding 50 per
cent, of water and boiling until it is le-
diiced to the original consistency of the
honey. It is, however, not suitable for
commerce.

We would remind our readers that the
Swiss Cantons have delegated their powers
to the Swiss Bee-keepers' Society, who is
authorised to administer the law. By
this everyone is required to notify the
presence of disease in his apiary, but only
members of the Society are entitled to
compensation. No purchase of bees can
take place without a health certificate,
and the purchaser who does not conform
to this condition forfeits all right to com-

pensation in the event of foul brood being
found in his apiary.

The finances in connection with the
scheme, which is administered by M. F.
Leuenberger, are in a flourishing condi-
tion, for although the insurance is only
5 centimes per colony, and no call has been
made on the Government for financial
help, it has been amply sufl&cient to pay
all expenses including compensation. The
insurance premiums amounted to 8310.35
francs, and compensation cost 4530.90
francs. We congratulate our Swiss
friends on what the Society, under the
able direction of M. Leuenberger, has been
able to accomplish with the powers thart
legislation has given them.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The annual general meeting and con-
versazione were held at the Central Hall,
Westminster, on April 1. There, was a
fair attendance at the annual meeting,
at which the chair was taken by Mr.
T. W. Cowan. The minutes of the last
annual general meeting were read and
confirmed. The balance-sheet was then con-
sidered, and was passed as satisfactory.
In considering the report for the year,
the Chairman made the following re-
marks : — •

AFFILIATED ASSOCIATIONS.

The number of Associations affiliated
to us was 41 ; not quite as many as a few
years ago, when there were 45 or 46, but
many of these were small ones which
have amalgamated, so actually none have
been lost.

LEGISLATION.

You know that for some years bees
have been dying owing to " I.O.W. "
disease, and we were not able to do very
much. It has been found that the only
way to tackle this is to have legislation.
In 1895 I had the pleasure of introduc-
ing a deputation to the Board of Agricul-
ture, but at that time we were not ready
to go in for legislation. We are now all
agreed to have legislation, Yoij will be glad
to know that the Ministry of Agriculture
a few weeks ago convened a large con-
ference of bee-keepers, inviting two dele-
gates from each- Association and other
organisations irkterested. The meeting
was held at the Surveyors' Institute in
London, and a resolution was passed in
favwur of legislation with but one dis-
sentient.

The registration of all bee-keepers will
be a great help. In the case of an out-
break of disease we shall be able to send
OUT instructors to examine the hees and
advise as to what is best to be done. The

194

THE BRITISH BEE JOtTRKAL. April 22, 1920. -

Bill will shortly be presented to Parlia-
ment, and there is every probability of it
being passed.

MR. SMALLWOOD.

In referring to the death of Mr. Small-
wood, he was on the Council for many
years, and we were all very sorry to lose
him. He had done a large amount cf
good work for the Association, especially
in regcard to the accounts.

FINANCE.

Financial position was satisfactory.
Income has been greater than last year,
but expenses have also increased. Mem-
bership is still very small, and the sub-
scription is only 5s. He appealed to
those who could do so to give more than
the ordinary subscription.

SHOVi^S.

As one of the judges of the Royal I
was very pleased to see such a good show.
The total cost of the exhibition was £49,
of which £44 was subscribed, and as the
Council has decided to again undertake
the work, it is hoped that bee-keepers
will again subscribe liberally to the fund
opened for this purpose.

EXAMINATION.

The interest is still kept up, and a
large number of country members have
passed the examinations.

INSURANCE.

There has been a satisfactory increase
in the number of stocks insured, which
indicates that we have got over the diffi-
culties experienced for some years.

On the whole the report is very favour-
able. We are a society which always
wants more money, and we are only re-
stricted by the amount of our income.

Mr. Sanders proposed and Mr. Claridge
seconded that the Report and Balance
Sheet for 1919 be adopted and issued.
Carried unanimously.

Mr. Kenward proposed a vote of thanks
to retiring officers. Seconded by Mr.
Breach, who stated that the affairs were
conducted in a very satisfactory manner.
Carried unanimously.

Mr. Pearman moved the re-election of
existing members of Council, with the
addition of two new members nominated.
Seconded by Mr. Burtt and carried
unanimously.

The Secretary proposed a very hearty
vote of thanks to Mr. Paulin for en-
grossing the examination certificates, and
this was carried unanimously.

W.B.O. GOLD MEDAL.

Mr. Cowan : I am very pleased to be
able to present this to Mr. Bryden, who
was the winner last year. It is the first
memorial medal awarded since the war.
I have much pleasure in congratulating
Mr. Bryden and of presenting the medal
to him.

Mr. Bryden suitably replied, stating
that he had succeeded in winning the
medal by following the lines laid down by
the Association, and so well indicated in
that admirable book on the subject
written by Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall.
He hoped the medal would be in the
family for many years by being handed
down as a heirloom.

This concluded the business of the
meeting.

A number of appliances were staged
for' examination by members, the model
W.B.C. hives of Mr. Kenward coming in
for a large amount of attention. An
asbestos roof covering by Mr. Binder, of
Salisbury, queen rearing outfits by Mr.
Meadows, and a patent super clearer by
Messrs. Burgess, of Exeter, were also most
interesting.

The Conversazione, at which there was
a good attendance, was presided over by
Mr. T. W. Cowan, and was opened by a
very able lecture by Major C. C. Lord on
" Diseases of Bees," which was listened
to with marked attention, and several
questions were put to the lecturer.

There was then an interval for a most
welcome and refreshing tea, and advan-
tage was taken of renewing acquaintances
and examining the various exhibits. After
tea the Conversazione was resumed, Mr.
W. Herrod-Hempsall giving a lecture on
" Queen Rearing and Methods of In-
crease." A number of questions were
asked and answered, which brought a
most interesting meeting to a close.

MONTHLY MEETING OF COUNCIL.

The monthly meeting of the Council was
held at 23, Bedford Street, Strand, Lon-
don, W.C.2, on Thursday, April 15, 1920.

Sir Ernest Spencer presided, and there
were also present Miss M. D. Sillar,
Messrs. O. J. Flashman, G. S. Faunch,
F. W. Harper, G. Bryden, J. B. Lamb,
F. W. "Watts, J. Herrod-Hempsall. Asso-
ciation representatives : J. Pearman
(Derby), R. R. Babbage (Middlesex), H.
Stroud (Essex), and the Secretary, W.
Herrod-Hempsall.

Letters of regret at inability to attend
were read from Messrs. T. W. Cowan,
C. L. M. Eales, A. G. Pugh, W. F. Reid,
and G. R. Alden.

The minutes of the previous meeting
were read and confirmed.

The following new members were
elected : — H. Stroud, and A. F. Birch.

South Staffordshire Association nomi-
nated Mr. J. Price, and Cheshire Mr.
A. J. Blakeman, as their representatives,
and both were accepted.

The financial report was presented by
the Secretary, who stated that the re-
ceipts for February were ^43 15s. 4d.,

April 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTmNAIi.

195

and for March £39 9s. 5d. The bank
balance on April 1 was £164 8s. 6d.

Payments amounting to ^613 17s. 6d.
were passed.

It was proposed by Mr. Bryden and
seconded by Mr. Babbage that the Council
meetings be held on the third Thursday
in each month, except August, when no
meeting will be held, and that the Council
meeting at the Royal Show be discon-
tinued, as the representatives of the Asso-
ciation, for whose benefit it was fixed,
failed to take advantage of the oppor-
tunity afforded. After a lengthy discus-
sion Mr. Bryden agreed to withdraw his
motion, and it was resolved that the
Council meeting at the Royal be con-
tinued as a trial for one more year.

A letter was read from Mr. R. Mossop
accepting the appointment as hon. soli-
citor for 1920.

Correspondence was read from the Isle
of Wight B.K.A. and Chesham B.K.A.,
and the Secretary was instructed to deal
with it.

Next meeting of Council on May 20,
1920, at 23, Bedford Street, Strand,
London, W.C.2.

LECTtTKES AT GOLDEKS HILL PARK.

A special course of six lectures on bee-
keeping will be given in the British Bee-
keepers' Association's apiary, London
County Council Park, Golders Hill, Lon-
don, N.W., on Fridays, April 23 and 30,
May 7, 14, 21, and 28 at 6 o'clock each
evening.

Those desiring to attend these lectures
must make application at once for enrol-
ment and particulars to — W. Herrod-
Hempsall, Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

A simple " chat " on bees will be given
free, at 3.30 each afternoon before the
lectures.

Royal Show Fund.

The Council of the British Bee-keepers'
Association are anxious to take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show may not be spoilt. In order to
defray the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that all bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which should be sent as early as possible
to the Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, "W.C.2.

DONATIONS RECEIVED.

£ S. d.

Amount received ... 1 4 0

Wembley B.K.A. ... 1 1 0

Total

... £2 5 0

A Dorset Yarn.

In Dorset we have had one of the worst
weeks this season. Wet every day, and
tlien two days of gale. To-day (Satur-
day, April 17) bees were out by "7 a.m.,
modern time ; they seemed to know it was
going to be fine. All day, even up to
6 p.m., they were going over the bush
fruits. They are ' most interesting, now
that you can see them over the tops of
bars and sections; anyone who has visited
us before always wants to see the bees.
I notice in the roughest weather the blacks
were the most active; there were more
out (between the storms) on the goose-
berry lines; there was a greater crowd
round the entrance than with the Italians.
One Italian lot had begun to build be-
tween the brood box and the front. The
brood box was put well back from the
front in the autumn, so they were in long
chains building comb. These have plenty
of room up on the top, but when the top
was left off for an hour they soon found
it too cold; they went off inside to work.

In these strong stofcks of Italians there
has not been one drone on the front,
neither have I seen one inside under the
glass ; yet the blacks, a late migrant
ewarm in a small box, we saw them in the
front two weeks since. These Italians are
immensely strong; when the racks were
put on we had to clear off a good bit of
ccmb between the strips on the top of
bars. Though but little slnoke was used,
they poured out of the front, covering it
all, yet they did not show a,ny fighting
instincts; all were back within 15 minutes.
These should give me a good many dozen
sections in May; they are in large brood
boxes — the racks do not cover it all; we
have to lay a piece of covering on one
side. There is one hybrid lot which haai
by far the greater number of workers still
taking in pollen, yet honey is being stored;
quite a lot was cleared oflf this one to-day,
delicious-tasting honey from willows and
gooseberries.

The apples are now opening. Some few
varieties have been out a week, but the
greater part of them do not seem to he
in a hurry to open — well, they were not
open during the two days' gale.

Plums look to be a heavy set, Jargo.iello
pears are hanging well, and the T.Tjis
Bon of Jersey is showing colour, .hough
the fruit is very small. The pollinadon
of these pears was almost wholly My Ih-os;
but the plums. I should say, were partly
wind-pollinated, as there were not so
many bees on them at any time as there
were on the pears. Large trees of laure'iS,
which had thousands of bees on them,
seem not to have any fruit set at all;
they must have suffered with frosts.

I am pleased to see many of the bees
on the late flowers of violets, because it

196

TgE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL. April 22, 1920.

is the late floweris that oome very small
in April and May that seem to give us
the seed. Am hoping that bees will cross
some of onr large ones, so that we may
get new varieties. Our native varieties,
like all the species of violets that grow
over all the temperate parts of the world,
all seed freely, but the very large flower-
ing ones but rarely, and when we sow them
they come the same as the parent flower.,
The new large one that is going strong
towards buying this farm was crossed by
ants going from flower to flower, taking
the pollen with them; but why bees should
just now go to them so much more than
they did a month ago puzzles me some-
what. The deduction I make is that the
warmth is adding to the scent of each
flower. The wild borage is open in the
hedgerow close to them, but not a bee has
been seen on it j'et; the flowers as they
mature must increase the scent of honey.

Going back to the violet, if any of your
readers should have Hall's " Plant Life,"
it gives a very fine par. on the fertilisa,-
tion of violets. The honey is to be found
on two of the stamens; he writes, that
" the lower petal constitutes an alighting
platform, prolonged into a spur in which
honey is secreted, with fine lines, or honey
guides, pointing to the refectory. The
visiting bee touches first the stigma, push-
ing it upwards,; its head is dusted with
pollen by the stamens. When it visits
another flower the pollen on the insect's
head is brushed on to the stigma, and
cross fertilisation is complete."

In this same work (which has not a very
alluring title, but is nevertheless an inte-
resting work) it distinctly states, on page
309 in the 1912 edition, that " the common
willow (Salix Caprea) has sticky pollen,
and is much sought by bees on that ac-
Qount, but there is the additional attrac-
tion of honey secreted by small scales at
the base of each flower." One can see
why the male flowers of willows are so
alluring to bees. I notice that other wil-
lows are now in flower, but have not been
near them in fine weather, so cannot state
of what value it is to our hives. Any bee-
keepers who are Fellows of the E.H.S.
will be able to get this delightful book
from their extensive library ('* Plant
t/ife," by Chas. A. Hall), and probably
from the large municipal libraries.

If memory does not fail me, I think it
has been stated in B.B.J, that nectar comes
from the female flower, and pollen from
the male; but that nectar and pollen are
both to be found in the male flowers of
the common willow is a new feature, prov-
ing " not half has ever yet been told," and
we bee-keepers should still " drink deep."
As an English writer puts it :
" A little learning is a dangerous thing,
Drink deep, or touch not the Pierian
spring." J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

The shallow frames placed on one of
my stocks a week or two back were this
morning covered with bees anxious to use
the bright spell after many showers for
storing purposes. Mr. Kettle is quite
right when he says bee-keepers to be suc-
cessful must take risks. I took a double
risk last autumn (may Mr. Bryden for-
give me), and left two nuclei to winter
out of doors, and they have come through
and now are working' with the best. Had
the winter been long and severe it is
possible a different tale would have to be
told. My greatest difficulty was prevent-
ing robbing, but by contracting the
entrance to one bee space each nucleus
was able generally to hold its own. Now
this risk of early supering — why run the
risk? I happen to be one of those who
believe that bees are able to sense the
weather weeks, even months, ahead, even
more cleverly than birds, which is saying
much. When, last autumn, I wrote in
my " Jottings " that the bees were
prognosticating an early spring I had
some correspondence from various ladies
and gentlemen asking how I was able to
read the intelligence of the bees in this
manner. I have since explained some-
thing of this nature in my " Jottings for
Juvenile_ Eeaders." The point is, the
honey flies were right, and now let me
say that our insect friends are anticipat-
ing a check in the honey flow, possibly in
May or June, and they are about to make
desperate efforts to be prepared. So my
advice to everybody is to super every
stock which is strong in numbers without
delay — of course, I except those stocks
which may be in exposed and cold posi-
tions. My nuclei I am still feeding, and
shall continue to do so until April is out.

The other day I took a goat to the
station — it was going to a bee-keeper
down South Wales way. I did not know
goats were such objects of interest. Men
stopped work in the fields to stare, other
men busy hedging, gazed at the inoffen-
sive creature as if she were a rare animal
from the Zoo. Meeting a caravan, The
pan sitting in the front entrance driv-
ing turned his head, and said something
to the occupants within, and in a moment
isix swarthy children appeared, the
mother holding the youngest up to have
a good view of the animal. Passing by a
village school — it w'as playtime — ^the
youngsters ceased their games to race
alongside us, so as to see as much of
Nanny as , possible. Arrived at the
station, a train came in, and every
window appeared to have a face against
it, all gazing at the goat. Perhaps it
was the fact that Nanny was all white
that' aroused so much wonderment. All

April 22, 1&20. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

197

this, however, was nothing compared with
my return journey. I was expecting a
few hives from my kinsman of. Runcorn,
and hoped they might be at the station,
so that I might be saved a journey. They
were there in various portions. Although
every oare had been taken in cording
them securely together, they were badly
knocked about, one roof being completely
smashed. I do not know why it should
be so, but it is a fact that things are
handled less carefully by « railway com-
panies than ever. Higher wages do not
always mean better work. However, I
got them loaded up and started on my
return journey. I was stopped before
I had gone a mile. " D'you mind telling
me what you're going to do with them
hives, master? " asked a happy-faced
farm hand. On my replying that I was
hoping to have them filled with bees some
day, he looked puzzled, and then said :
''No bees about, master; I count you
won't get them filled yet awhiles."
" Why not? " I asked. " 'Aint you
never heard of the ' Isle of Wight '
disease" ? said he. I smiled, and told
him that I had an impression that there
was such a disease. My facetiousness was
lost, for I had to listen to a long story
of Thomas this, and David that, and
Henry somebody else, who lost all their
stocks. I proceeded on my way ; stopped
again. " You got bee-hives in your trap,
mister," said a very wise-looking youth.
I surveyed my load, and sarcasticallv
said: "Ah, so I have." "Well, I
wouldn't give a shilling for the Tot; bar
frame hives, ugh ! the man who invented
them ought to be shot if he's still alive.
I had a dozen once, full of bees, and they
all died; wish now I'd followed my
father's advice, and stuck to the old
skep. I reckon there' d be no disease
among bees if all hives were burnt," and
so he rattled on. He was young, but as
pigheaded as any I've met for some time.
My arguments in favour of bar frames
were all lost, I fear. I drove on, and was
getting along quite nicely when a boy
called me, and said: "Please farver
wants yer." Father came up, and breath-
lessly said: " Got a stock to sell, sir? "
"Sorry," I said, "but all my spare
stocks and swarms were booked up long
ago." He looked anxioiis, and then went
on : "I wish you could manage me just
one swarm ; I've got a hive or two which
I bought of a neighbour, and want to
make another start." I asked him about
those hives, and soon learnt his neigh-
bour's bees died from " I.O.W." disease ;
but when I suggested the hives should be
scorched over with a painter's blow lamp,
and old frames, etc., burnt, he boastfully
said he wasn't going to that trouble with
them. " Then," said I, " I shall not let

you have one of my swarms." He
thought me hard, and I'm sure he
ansiouslv wishes to restart keeping bees.
How is it people so keen will not go to
any trouble to keep disease down?

My next interrogator was a small
tradesman, who asked if bees paid ; was
it worth while bothering with them. I
frankly told him if he used the word
" bother " he'd be well advised to leave
bees alone.

The climax oame when I was taken for
an inspector, who had gone and destroyed
an apiary and was carting oflF the hives,
presumably for a bonfire. It is evident
we have much prejudice to live down.
I'll close my jottings with a conundrum:
"What bird do bees dislike most?" This,
by the way, is not, in strict English, a
conundrum; shall we call it a riddle?
No, it's just a query.— E. F. Hemming,
Sfeeple Gidding.

To Talk of Many Things.

An article by Mr. F. M. Claridge re-
cently appeared in these columns, which
should be productive of much useful dis-
cussion, and, let us hope, lead to effec-
tive action on behalf of British commer-
cial honey producers.

Many points of pressing importance
are touched upon therein, and I would
like to call further attention to some of
them.

At present the marketing, like the pro-
ducing, of home-gathered honey is unsys-
tematic and unsatisfactory. There are
individuals, it is true, who put up both
extracted and comb honey well-graded
and pleasing in appearance, but these are
exceptions rather than the rule, and even
were it otherwise the need for » standard-
isation would still persist.

A definite classification of British
honeys of varying origin would not only
be more satisfactory commercially, hut
would be educative in permitting more
exact comparison with the honeys im-
ported.

In honey, as in athletics, our best can
hold its own and have a bit in hand
against the best that can be brought
from elsewhere, but here again the
analogy holds good — only the best must
be pitted against the best, and under the
best conditions.

Personally, I would exclude ^ nothing
that came honestly and ^ in its true
colours, but it is necessary, in the interest
of fair play, that the consumer should
know, within a little, what he is getting
for his money.

Diseases in bees are not the only thing
for which legislation is needed in the
interests of bee-keepers. Mr. Claridge

198

THE BRITISH BEE JPtTRlTAL. April 22, 1920.

riglitly singles out for mention the ques-
tion of weight. His contention that the
nett should be clearly marked on each
package, together with the name of the
country of origin, surely marks the mini-
mum that honesty would dictate.

Some of our colonies, notably New
Zealand, market a good article in a
businesslike way, and I am confident
that none of these would raise any objec-
tion to the imposition of the above re-
quirements.

One . highly desirable effect of such a
measure would be to eliminate the inde-
scribable mixture which many dairies
and multiple shops foist on the public
as English honey, while, as a fact, it is
a vile mas of lowest-grade honey, with
larval and membral debris, the whole of
sickening odour, in receptacles of un-
known weight.

Where I have to part company from
Mr. Claridge is the point at which he
proposes the formation of a new ad hoc
association. In my opinion, there already
exist means to hand quite ready and
adaptable to his main purpose. Either
the B.B.K.A. or the Apis Club could
handle the matter ; the former acting
through and in_ conjunction with County
Associations, the latter through local
committees.

I would earnestly suggest that the two
bodies mentioned he approached and the
result of this step published before any
other move be made.

Favourable consideration would, I am
already assured, be accorded in at least
one of these quarters, and any help I may
be allowed to give will be most willingly
directed to securing the necessary finan-
cial backing and to perfecting "the
organisation of a widely ramifying
scheme. — A. F. Hakwooi).

A Beginner's Difficulties with
'•Isle of Wight " Disease.

So much good ink and paper have
been expended, to so little purpose,
on the subject of " Isle of Wight " disease
that I feel very chary about adding to the
heap. However, as a comparatively new-
comer to the craft, and a voracious reader
of all available literature on bees, I cannot
but observe the contradictory nature of
the evidence given on practically every
point that might have any bearing on the
subject; while matter is frequently intro-
duced which serves no purpose but to con-
fuse the issue and rake up old questions
which have already been thrashed out.

The first question which confronts the
beginner in the craft is that of selection
of a strain most likely to resist disease,

and much evidence is to be found which
shows that, as a rule, Italians are less
liable to infection than is the native
variety. In fact, few cases of loss of
stock through ' ' Isle of Wight " disease
appear to have been reported where the
owner could vouch that bees and queen
were of pure Italian strain. Nevertheless,
much so-called evidence is still published
which appears to prove that natives are
preferable.

To take three of the favourite argu-
ments as examples : How often do we see
isome variation of the following in the
correspondence columns of the claily
papers?

" We hear a lot nowadays about the
ravages of the ' Isle of Wight ' disease
among the native bees of this country
and the superiority of foreign bees in re-
sisting it. If these statements are true,
how can the fact be explained that an old
tree in our back garden has had a nest of
bees in it ever since my great-grandmother
was a girl, and they are still going strong?
There were no foreign bees in this country
then, and . . . . ," and so on to the limit
of words allowed.

Or—

' ' We seem nowadays to prefer anything
foreign to the home-grown article which
has served us so well for so many years.
A few years ago the ' Isle of Wight '
disease was unknown in this country, but
a number of bee-keepers commenced to
introduce foreign bees, and very soon
after we heard of the awful disease spread-
ing all over England. Now these same bee-
keepers would have us believe that the
disease originated with the natives, and
that the foreign bees are more able to
resist it, when it is clearly the foreign beea
who brought it to England in the first
place. How is it that, in an old tree
.... " etc., etc.

Or again —

" Having heard that Italian bees were
more immune from ' Isle of Wight '
disease than were natives, I bought two
stocks of them last year. I paid more for
these than I should have had to pay for
natives, but the money was wasted just
the same, as not a single bee survived the
winter. This ' Isle of Wight ' disease is
an awful thing, and I do not believe that
any kind is immune," etc., etc.

If these reports are carefully gone into,
much information can be gained, and a
full investigation quite frequently proves
that the original conclusions drawn were
erroneous.

Take the yarn about the old tree.
Further inquiries will generally elucidate
the fact that the bees have had several
periods of inaction, and have several times
appeared to be dying off, but they have
always recovered, and a few months later

April 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

19d

been as strong as ever egain. As it is
well known that a swarm of bees is very
prone to take possession of an old nest,
especially if the previous occupants left
any honey behind, the remarkable re-
covery of the bees in the old tree is easily
explained. Proof that the present occu-
pants are not the descendants of those who
lived in the old tree when great-grand-
mother was a girl is frequently obtainable
from an examination of one of them, as
many such bees have been found to be full-
blooded Italians, which have only been
introduced to this country within the last
few year*. /

The second letter requires no further
inquiries to render its conclusions invalid.
Previous to the outbreak of " Isle of
Wight " disease very few foreign bees ap-
pear to have been imported, and stocks
in this country were so rare as to render
it extremely improbable that they were re-
sponsible for the trouble. Moreover, the
introduction of foreign bees into America,
where the natives are of the same strain
as ours, although on a much larger scale,
has not been followed by a similar out-
break.

Large numbers were only imported into
this country when bee-keepers had satis-
fied themselves that they were less liable
to the disease than the native variety,
and it appears to have been established
beyond question that Italian bees, when
the strain has been kept pure without in-
breeding, are more nearly immune.

Assuming, however, for the moment that
the statement that Italian bees are respon-
sible for the starting of the disease in
this country, the fact that they are more
liable to loss by the disease does not then
follow. Consideration of the effect of
various diseases on human beings is suffi-
cient to prove this. One of the most
deadly infectious diseases to which our
prisoners of war in Germany were subject
was typhus. The Bussian soldiers, who
originally infected our men, were prac-
tically unaffected by it, coming, as they
did, from a country where it was common,
but our men, to whom the disease was
new, contracted it with fatal ease, very
few of those affected recovering. In the
same way, measles, which, in this country,
is a trivial disease, when contracted for
the first time by natives of Africa, re-
sulted in the loss of thousands of lives,
the percentage of deaths being greater
than in the case of similar outbreaks of
small-pox. If this is the case with men,
why should it not be so with bees? Clearly,
the question of responsibility for the out-
break has nothing to do with that of
immunity.

Very often, questioning the writers of
such letters as the third will establish the
fact that his bees died as a' result of mis-

management, and that none of the symp-
toms of " Isle of Wight " disease were
observed.

In the same way, letters and articles
appear from time to time endeavouring to
disprove facts which have been established
beforehand, and knowledge of which would
greatly assist bee-keepers in preventing
infection from the disease. Only a week
or so ago a statement appeared in the Bee
JouHNAL to the effect that " Isle of Wight"
disease is not always spread by infection,
as the writer knew of a stock which was
wiped out by the disease when there were
no other diseased bees within reach to
infect them.

When the writer of .that statement fur-
nishes a certificate to the effect that he
examined every hive of bees and every old
roof, hollow tree, crevice in a wall or
other place which might afford shelter to
a stock of bees, within a radius of four
miles of the stock in question, at the time
when the stock was first observed to be
infected, and that he found no trace of
diseased bees, then, and not until then,
can his statement be accepted as evidence.
Even if the statement were so corrobo-
rated, the stock may have been infected
by bees who, although themselves un-
affected, carried the-germs with them, just
as carriers of dysentery and other human
diseases have been discovered by our
medical men.

Many more examples of erroneous con-
clusions could be brought forward, but
sufficient has been said to prove that hasty
conclusions are too frequently drawn, and
that much information likely to mislead
poor beginners, like myself, is extant. In
short, my appeal to all bee-keepers is that
they shall not confuse the issue by making
statements which they cannot prove. Let
them, by all means, publish any informa-
tion which they may have discovered, but
give all the facts, and not just those which
suit their preconceived ideas. Then they
will be able to make their conclusions fit
the facts, and not the facts fit the con-
clusions. Let them remember the old say-
ing, which quite possibly applies to the
writer of this letter, " Fools will rush
in," etc.— E. C. Hn>KiNS, B.Sc, Birming-
ham.

Sussex Bee-Keepers' Association.

Members of the Sussex Bee-keepers'
Association visited Haywards Heath on
Wednesday afternoon for their annual
meeting, the gathering taking place in
the Church Lads' Brigade Hall (by kind
permission of the Rev. E. Cresswell, Gee),
Mr. G. Hilton, J. P., occupied the chair,
supported by Mr. W. T. Cowell, Mr. H.

800

THE BRITISH BEE JOTJBNAL. April 22, 1920.

W. Anderson, Mr. B. J. Burtenshaw, Mr.
F. Kenward (hon. secretary and expert)
and an attendance of about fifty members.

The Ckairman extended to all present
a hearty welcome to Haywards Heath.
He was glad they had come there for their
annual meeting^ and hoped that at some
future time they woidd visit the town
again. It was fifty years since he had
taken any interest in bees, and then he
remembered his mother kept them and
extracted honey in the old-fashioned way.
Since that time vast improvements had
taken place in regard to the industry, and
it had become very profitable from a com^
mercial point of view. The little bees that
worked so hard during the summer-time
to provide them with so much of that
useful commodity — phoney — might be taken
by them as an example to-day. If all
people worked as industriously as the bees,
conditions would be brighter than they
are. (Applause.)

The balance sheet showed expenditure
totalling £63 7s. Id. Subscriptions for
1919 amounted to £64 15s. 6d., and there
remained a balance in favour of the Asso-
ciation of £20 12s. lOd.

On the proposition of the Chairman,
seconded by Mr. Cowell, the report and
balance sheet were adopted. The last-
named referred to the increased member-
ship, and said the object of holding their
annvial meetings in different parts of the
county was with a view to promoting the
culture of bees. It was hoped to embrace
the whole of the bee-keepers in Sussex in
the Association. The increased mem-
bership during the past year was mainly
due to the interest displayed by their Hon.
Secretary, and it was to be hoped that the
present year would see a repetition of that
success. The. people of Sussex should
recognise the value of bee-keeping, and as
a first step should join the Association.

Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.,
moved a vote of thanks to the retiring
oflBcers. The life of the Association de-
pended on the Hon. Secretary, and they
in Sussex were fortunate in having Mr.
F. Kenward. (Applause.)

The election of officers was the next
business. His Grace the Duke of Devon-
shire was elwted President. The retiring
Vice-Presidents were re-elected, with the
addition of the Right Hon. Austen Cham-
berlain, M.P., and Mr. G. Randall David-
son. The old Committee was re-appointed,
with the exception of the Rev. A. C.
Atkins, of Haywards Heath, who had left
the county. Miss D. Sillar, of Buxted,
was elected representative to the British
Bee-keepers Association. Mr. F. Kenward
was re-elected hon. secretary and expert,
and Mr. W. Hill Hunter, A.O.A., hon.
auditor.

In accordance with notice a discussion
was held as to the advisability of raising
the annual subscription or discontinuing
the monthly journal.

Mr. Cowell, who explained the necessity
for one of these steps, said some time ago
the Committee unanimously decided to
advance the expert's fee for visiting
apiaries from 28." 6d. to 4s. a member,
owing to increased railway fares, etc.
This necessitated extra funds, or they
would have a deficit of £14 at the end
of the year. The proposals, therefore,
were that they should either raise mem-
bers' subscriptions from 6s. to 7s. 6d., or
discontinue the monthly journal, which
cost them £27 last year. He spoke purely
from a personal point of view, and not as
from the Committee. His own idea was
that the journal should be discontinued,
as if they raised the subscription their
membership might be adversely affected at
a time when they wished to increase it.
At present the journal was sent out free
to members, but if this was discontinued
they would still be able to obtain it from
newsagents at twopence i>er month. He
moved a resolution to this effect.

Mr. W. L. Watton seconded.

Mr. C. T. Overton moved an amendment
that the subscription be raised to 7s. 6d.

Mr. Anderson seconded.

A further amendment that the subscrip-
tion be raised to 7s. was moved by Mr.
W. H. Killick and seconded by the Rev.
J. L. Brack, and after an interesting dis-
cussion, in which, besides those already
mentioned, Mr. G. Randall Davidson, Mr.
J. C. Peaohe, Mr. J. H. Lee, and Mr. F.
Kenward joined, Mr. Cowell 's proposi-
tion and Mr. Killick's amendment were
withdrawn, and Mr. Overton's amendment
was put as a substantive motion and car-
ried.

It was pointed out that cottagers' sub-
scriptions, which were raised last year,
would remain at 4s. 6d.

A hearty vote of thanks to the Chairman
for presiding wa.s initiated by Mr. Cowell
ajid seconded by Mr. Burtenshaw. — Com-
municated.

Warwickshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Annual Meeting.

The 40th annual meeting of this Asso-
ciation was held at 13, Bennett's Hill, Bir-
mingham, on Thursday, April 16, Mr.
A. H. Foster presiding.

The report stated that the season had
been a very good one, notwithstanding
the prevalence of " Isle of Wight " dis-
ease, and that large quantities of honey
had been secured by bee-keepers gener-
ally, afi was evidenced by the fine display

April 22, 1920. THE BBITISH BEE JDTJRyAL.

2ai

of exhibits at the Leamington Show held
in September.

With regard to the financial statement,
the income from all sources amount^ed to
£63 7s. lOd., and the expenditure to
£95 14s. 7d., leaving an adverse balance
on the year's working of £32 6s. 9d.,
which is attributable to the heavy expenses
in connection with the Show.

The officers and committee were duly
elected for the ensuing year, with the
Earl of Craven as president.

At the close of the business of the meet-
ing a discussion took place on general bee-
keeping matters, in which much interest
was taken. — (Communicated.)

Sheffield and District Bee-Keepers*
Association.

There was a pleasant gathering of the
members of this Association last Tuesday
evening when a capital musical programme
was arranged by one of the members, Mr.
Percy Lawson. The meeting was pri-
marily for the presentation of a microscope
to the hon. secretary, Mr. H. W. Garwell,
who has been secretary since 1913. The
gift was made by the President, Mr. W.
T. Gamett, and was from the members as
a mark of appreciation for services ren-
dered and Mr. Garwell's unfailing kind-
ness and assistance during a number of
years. In his reply, the Hon. Secretary
spoke of the thriving state of the Associa-
tion, and showed how for the future there
were very bright prospects. — C. M. H.

Beverley and District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The second annual meeting of this
Association was held in Beverley on
April 15 under the presidency of Mr.
W. J. Algar, of Lockington. The Presi-
dent, Secretary, Treasurer and commit-
tee were re-elected, with the addition of
another member, Mr. J. B. Saunders,
Willerby, to the committee to represent
the southern part of the district. The
other members of the committee are : ■ —
Mrs. G. Scott, Brandesburton, Mr. A.
Gray, Cherry Burton, and Messrs. T.
Richardson, H. Chapman and J. H. Wal-
gate, Beverley.

It was decided to ask those members
who possess bees to work them for in-
crease more than usual this year, and
supply swarms and nuclei at moderate
prices to those members who have lost all
through disease. The membership is now
53.— T. T. Tatlob, hon. sec., 137, Keld-
gate, Beverley.

"Isle of Wight" Disease: One of
Its Causes.

[10172] I would like to draw attention
to the interesting article in the B.B.J, for
January 22 on " Isle of Wight" disease,
by Mr. Edwards. The theory that over-
work is primarily responsible for " Isle
of Wight ' ' disease has frequently been
advanced in the B.B.J, and elsewhere,
and while a few here and there may be
adherents, what we might call the official
element has either neglected to comment
or has ridiculed the suggestion. So far
as I know, the solitary exception was
"The Western Honey Bee." Perhaps it
will be remembered (and perhaps it will
not) that during last summer Mr. Stich,
of Paisley wrote to the Journal on r,his
subject, and among much interesting
matter he advocated the trial of an ex-
periment, namely, the forcing of a
colony, and assured us that before we had
finished " Isle of Wight " disease would
develop. Now we get the report of just
such an experiment with a ten-frame
stock from Mr. Edwards. After filling up
the brood chamber, the queen was lifted
into a new chamber above, and when that
was full into a third. It was unneces-
sary to go further. " Isle of Wight "
disease developed and practically de-
stroyed them.

What, then, are we to learn from the
foregoing? Mr. Edwards comes to the
conclusion that the usual text-book
methods of securing a populous colony are
utterly opposed to Nature's laws, and so
far I am in hearty agreement with him;
but when he goes on to speak of the gases
generated from the larvae I am not in a
position to express an opinion.

It appears to me that a much simpler
explanation is available. If we consider
for a moment the laying of an overworked
queen, it is not difficult to imagine the
large number of eggs passing through her
body during the twenty-four hours have
not had sufficient time to be truly formed
or gather the necessary constituents, the
result being the germ of life lacks vitality,
/in a large, populous colony this might well
be the only source of error ; but how can
one account for overwork in a small hive
or nucleus?

The bad effects of overwork can and do
occur just as easily in the smallest hive in
which bees will stay. It is brought about
in these cases by overwork of the
workers, transmitted by them to the queen
and larvae. A hive' with little or no honey

202

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 22, 1920.

in it is a direct incentive to overwork,
tvithout further aid; but when the bee-
keeper, true to his English text-book
teaching, commences slow feeding, and
spreading the brood, the bees are thrown
into the wildest excitement, eagerly de-
veloping a brood-nest out of proportion
to the number of mature bees. In their
endeavour to supply the too large amount
of food to larvae and queen, the bees are
rapidly worked to death, and it is only
reasonable to suppose the food prepared is
not up to the standard quality, perhaps
badly digested, or not of the correct
ingredients — or even not enough of it —
finally resulting in a mature bee without
strength to withstand disease.

Whether the above explanation is correct
or not is only of secondary importance;
the really vital point is that overwork on
text-book lines does result in " Isle rf
Wight " disease, and this Mr, Edwards's
, experiment almost conclusively proves.
He deserves the heartiest congratulations
of Us all, and has certainly made a step
in the right direction. Let us hope his
final article will have no accident to delay
it.— Thos. F. Cobb.

Bees on the Seashore.

[10173] Am sending you an account
of a lot of bees I took on the 12th of
January. They were right on the shore. A
box had been washed in by the tide and
left upside down in the hedge right on
the ground, which was very wet. The
bees had an entrance where a part of the
end was broken away ; they had evidently
been there all the summer, as they are
very strong, and heavy with stores. The
box was very wet, and the bottom boards
only one eighth of an inch thick. At
spring tides the sea was only five feet
away. They appear to be natives. — S.
Marfleet, Freshwater, Isle of Wight.

Mrs. M. L. Chamen (Essex).— Price of swarms.—
A fair price for early swarms is about 76. to
7s. 6d. i>er lb.

Miss E. Tilt (Essex).— U'sing' observatory hive.~-K
two-frame observatory hive is of no practical use,
and an attempt to use it would only end in dis-
appointment. Better wait until you can get a
10-frame hive. Watch our advertisement columns
for a second-hand hive at a reasonable price.

M. CoNNFXL (I.slinKton).— The bee you sent is quite
common in the country. It is one of the humble
bees, Bombus Terrestris.

Honey Samples.

T. P. (Ipswich).— The honey is foreign, or at the
best a mixture of foreign and English. The
reason it does not granulate is that it has been
beated.

H. Bright (Hants).-^he honey is foreign, and le
not clover honey.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2s. 6d. is made for notices
{not exceeding 7 lines) in this column^ 10 lines
charged 3». 6d., up to 15 lines 5«., which covers
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

June 16 and 17.— Hanley Parb Meeting of the
Staffordshire Agricultural Society. The Stafford-
shire B.K.A. offer valuable prizes and six silver
medals and nine bronze medals. Twelve Classes
for members only, and five Open Classes. (Honey
Classes are for four or three jars or sections).
Schedules, W. Griffiths Silkmore. Stafford,
lintries close May 29.

Jtine 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Royal
Agricultural Society's Show, Bee and Honey
Section, under the direction of the B.B.K.A. Prizes
arranged in groups of counties for Associations
afBliated to the B.B.K.A. Schedules from The
Secretary, 23, Bedford Street, Strand. W.C.2.
Entries close IVEay 31.

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.- Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show. The Glamorgan B.K.A.,
in conjunction with R.H.S., offer prizes for Honey,
Wax, Bees, and Appliances. Members, Novices,
and Open Classes. Schedules, Mr. Wiltshire,
Maindy School, Cardiff. Entries close June 22.

Special Prepaid AdvertisemeDts.

On« Penny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at Ifd. per word as '• Busi«
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per Jim., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

PRIVATE ADVERTlSEMEirrS.

WANTED, a Lecturer on Bees to accompany a
Demonstration Train for seven weeks, com-
mencing :Miiy 17. Sleeping accommodation and
food found.— Applications, with salary required, to
W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, W.B.C. Apiary, Old
Bedford Road, Luton.

WARMS FOR SALE.-A few healthy Hybrids!

or would exchange for a Clumber Spaniel

Bitch, not under six months old.— A. W. DENNY,

High Street, Godstone, Surrey. d.94

HEALTHY STOCK of Italian Bees, £4 10s.— 15,
Kelvin Avenue, Bowes Park, London. d.95

TWO strong Stocks and Hives, £5 each; eight
Section Racks, 26. 6d. each; Hive, 15s. —
THOMPSON, 14, Frederick Road, Cheam, Surrey.

d.96

FOR SALE three strong and healthy 10-frame
Stocks (Italians) in good hivee, with mis-
cellaneous apparatus, including four section racks
with sections, super, excluders, spare frames, sec-
tions, foundation, smoker, etc. (list sent); price
£22 the lot. Purchaser must undertake removal.
Can be seen by appointment any Monday, Wednes-
day, or Saturday. Giving up be«-keeping owing
to want of time.— MRS. McKERROW, Enderley,
Great Missenden, Bucks. d.97

SWARMS for Sale, May and June, very healthy
stocks, price 30s.— MRS. BARBT, Home
Place, Limpsfield. rjd.98

April 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

203

Two W.B.€. HIVES, DO disease, fitted Clau^tral
chamber, each with two 6-in. lifts, brood box
with 10 standard frames, two ehallow boxes with
8 frames, well painted, and roofs covered with
zinc, 45s. each.— MOSS, 54, London Eoad,
Hinckley. d.99

FOR SALE, four 5-frame Swarms British Bees,
576. 6d. each; box 7s. 6d., returnable. Ready-
second week in May.— S. COCKS, Napton, Rugby.

d.lOO

FOR SALE, 14 Straw Skeps, good condition, 35s.
to clear, carriage paid.— P. BROWN, Hermi-
tage, Newbury, Berks. d.lOl

GIVING UP BEE-KEEPING.— I am offering
three Stocks of Bees, six Hives, six Queen
Excluders, a quantity of drawn-out Shallow
Combs, and all Appliances for bee-keeping.— A. S.
STORTON, 105. Preston Road, Coppull, near
Chorley, Lanes. d.l02

WANTED, for four weeks from about end of
August, Board and Residence for family of
four at a farm near South or South-East Coast;
bee-keeper and fruit grower preferred.— State
terms to Box 81, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street,
W.C.2. d.l03

FOR SALE, Italian Hybrids on 6 frames, W19
Queens, £4, carriage paid; early Swarms, 35s.
— LARMUTH, Hillside, Monahan Avenue, Purley.

d.l04

FOR SALE, 4 cwt. of pure light Englis'h Honey,
£2 per 28-lb. tin, or -best offer to clear, car-
riage forward.— WELLS, Bowers Lane. Isleham,
Cambs. d.l05

FOR SALE, four W.B.C. Hives, with inner
chambers, supers, and section racks. Cottage
Ripener, Skep and sundries; £5 tie lot.—
COWLEY, Lechlade, GIos. d.l06

SALE, good Stock healthy Bees, Italian
Hybrids, 1919 Queen, on 10 framea in brand
new hive, rack, drawn-out shallows, £5 56.-1,
Balne Avenue, Wakefield. d.l07

NEW HIVE and Outfit, 10 frames, W.B.C. ends,
super clearer, excluder, extra rack of sections,
smoker, feeder, brood and super foundation,
£3 10s., or offer.— MacIVER, Highfield, Helsby.

d.l08

SHALLOW COMBS, new, clean, perfect, sale
or exchange; dozen Excluders 13s. 6<i., paid.
—Box 82, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2.

d.l09

FOR SALE, Apiary, consisting of eight Stocks
of Bees in W.B.C. Hives, two Geared
Extractors, two extra Hives, Nuclei Hives, Travel-
ling Boxes and sundriee. Owner going abroad. —
25, Sutton Court Road, Chiswick, W.4. d.llO

STOCK of Beee on 6 frames for Sale, 1919
Queen.-C. PARKS, Ivy Cottage, Whitton
Road, Twickenham. d.lll

Onn SHALLOW wired Combs for Sale; no
Oxjyj disease.— CRAWFORD, Apiaries, Castle-
derg, Co. Tyrone. r.d.ll2

WHAT offer in Bees for B.B.J., 1901-7 inclu-
sive? Well bound, unopened.— SPENCER,
Sussex Road, Gorleston-on-Sea. d.ll3

TWO W.B.C. HIVES, each fitted inner brood
chamber, two 6-in. lifts, with two racks
shallow frames and wax foundations, metal queen
excluder, and quilt, painted three coats, new
April, 1919, 42e. each; one Holborn Hive, one 10-in.
lift and section rack, painted three coats, new
April, 1918, 22s. 6d.; two Rapid Tin Feeders, Is. 6d.
each; Copper Smoker, 4s.; W.B.C. Knife, 3s.;
Porter Bee Escape on board (two escapes), 3s.;
Rosamond Sprayer, 2s. 6d.; all as new.— SPENCE.
Alexandra Road, Peterborough. d.ll4

LARGE HONEY PRESS, in new condition;
will exchange for a healthy stock of beee.—
IBBOTSON, Green Lane, Glnsburn, near Keigh-
Aey, Yorka. d.U5

EXCEPTIONAL OFFER.— Four W.B.C. Hives,
standard size, heavy casing (one doubled);
also five Nucleus Hives and sundries.— Full par-
ticulars from A. G. NEWBY, Spennithorne Road,
Urmston, Manchester. ' d.l28

REMOVAL SALE.— Six Stock© Italian Hybrids,
Penna'6 strain, 8 and 10 frames, £3 10s. and
£4 10s.— HUNT, Bordon, Hants. d.l29

WANTED, from August 22 to September 4. in
Cornwall or Devon, within 12 miles or so of
sea. Bedroom and Sitting Room, with shed for
motor car; farmhouse preferred. Can any bee-
keeper oblige me?— W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

FOR SALE, two "Rotax Roadlight 267" self-
contained Acetylene Motor Headlights, very
powerful, £6 the pair; one Exhaust Whistle, 10s.;
one Wood-Milne Motor Foot Pump, 40s.—
HERROD-HEMPSALL, ae above.

WANT OFFER.— Two joiner-made Hives, g-in.
boards, W.B.C. pattern; 19 Standard Frames
with foundation; never been used.— R. MORRIS,
80, Church Road, St. Annes-on-Sea. d.60

FOR SALE, Geraniums, Scarleit Crampel. 6s.;
summer flowering Chrysanthemums, 2s. 6d.;
Tomato Plants, strong, 3s. per dozen; early sown
Leeks, 3s.; Celery, 46. per 100; 60 same rate; car-
riage paid.— HALL, Highfield Lodge. Balderton,
Newark, Notts. r.d.61

PURE Light Cambridge Honey, 14-Ib. tins,
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. tins, 42s.. carriage paid;
sample 4d.; tins free.— J. YOUNGER, 6, iMaid's
Causeway, Cambridge. r.d.66

FOR SALE, 12 strong Stocks Italian Bees, abso-
lutely free of disease, mostly 1919 Queens, £5
each, on 10 standard frames (can have some hives
if desired).— THOS. G. WALKER, Symonds Hyde,
Hatfield, Herts. r.d.68

PLANT " Willow-Herb," splendid honey flower,
12 2s.— BOWEN, Coronation Road, Chelten-
ham^ d.69

GOOD Glazier's Diamond, perfect, 8s. 9d.— HUB-
BARDE, North Kilworth, Rugby. d.70

FOR SALE, Swarms, English strain. Book now
for May and June.— BRISTOW, 47. Auckland
Hill, West Norwood, Surrey. r.d.74

OR SALE, May and June Swarms, £2.—
KNOWLES, Thursley, Godalming. r.d.75

F

ITALIAN.— Healthy early Swarms, price 35s.—
Apply, MRS. A. M. WADMAN, Sompting.
Worthing. d.78

FOR SALE.— Can offer one or two selected
Hybrid Stocks, 1919 Queens. 70s.— BALE, 1,
Hodford Road. Golder's Green, N.W. r.d.42

1 O GUARANTEED healthy Hybrid Italian
±^ Stocks, Penna strain, £5 each.— J. YOUNGER,
6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.c.44

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.- Price and
particulare to W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road. Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car,— HERROD-HEMPSALL. u abov«.

BUSUTESS ADVEBTISEIOiirTS.
lid. per word.

HOW TO KEEP YOUR BEES HEALTHY!
Valuable advice, 5s.— ALFD. RYALL, Ken-
wood Apiary, Elcombe, near Stroud. d.U6

ALBERT HOPKINS, Specialist Breeder and
Importer Italian Bees; 23 years' practical
apicultural experience. Guaranteed strong,
healthy Stocks and Nuclei. Prices strictly
moderate. Lis* on application.— Woodland Valley
Apiary Lyminge, Folkestone. r,d.U7

204

THE BRITISH BEE JOTTBNAL. April 22. 1920.

]VTU€LEI, 3-fnaBtte, Penna's 1930 Queen, 55. j best
ll Hybrids, 45s.; carriage paid; early delivery;
Penna's Queen, 14s. Cash with order.— MOORE,
31, Monmouth Eoad, Dorcheeter. i r.d.ll8

PUEE Cajmiolan Queens, imported. May
delivery all booked up.— B. WOODLEY,
Thorne, near Doncaster. d.ll9

FOR SALE, May and June Swarms.- DEAR,
Funtington, Chichester, Sussex. d.l20

BEES from reliable disease-resisting strain; 3-
and 4-frame Nuclei and Swarms, also Queens,
for early delivery.— CANDY, Worth Park Apiary,
Crawley, Sussex. r.d.l21

BEES ON APPROVAL.— We guarantee our Bees
and Queeois to give complete satisfaction.
Special terms to disabled men. Supply nearly
exhausted, so order now. Catalogue 3d., which is
refunded on first order.— PEARSON & GALE,
Marlborough. d.l22

3 -FRAME NUCLEI, 45s.; 4-frame, 556.; Penna
Italian 1920 Queens; May- June delivery; boxes
10s., returnable; warranted perfectly healthy.
" W.B.C." Hives and Apiary Supplies fox Sale.—
0. HOGAN, Boxford. Suffolk. d.l24

CAST NO CLOUT TILL MAY IS OUT!"-
Bnt that is no reason for postponing the
purchase of a good Bee Stock. We offer from
well-known Cambs. Apiaries : 200 Black Bee Stocks
on 8 frames, 100 Hybrid Bee Stocks on 8 frames,
10 Italian Bee Stocks on 8 frames. All for delivery
in. the month of May. Terms on application.—
S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's CaTiseway, Cambridge.

d.l25

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time Bee
Fiarmer.— Terms on application to C. B.
BARTLETT, Sandford, Mount Oharlbury, Oxon.

d.l27

DUTCH AND DUTCH-ITALIAN 4nFRAME
NUCLEI, May-June delivery, orders in rota-
tion, £3 36.; cash with order; carriage paid. See
B.B.J., February 26, page 99, Conference of British
Bee-keepers re Legislation. Read what the
■greatest experts say : Dutch-Italian Hybrids had
been tried. The result was they were quite con-
vinced they stand up against disease better than
pure races. They hoped in a few years that a
mumbeo- of these little strangers will be within our
gates. Also, it was worth while putting one's
money on this strain— Dutch-Italian Hybrids. —
SEALE, Ashley Cottage, Oatlands Drive, Walton-
on-Thames, Surrey. r.d.81

ITALIAN HYBRIDS.— Limited number 3-frame
Nuclei, 1919 Queens, May-June delivery, pack-
ing and carriage paid, 50s.— HUTCHINGS,
Stopeley, Beds. d.82

WE ARE NOT a restocking scheme, but we
supply the bees. No Government queens used.
Send 3d. for Catalogue (money refunded on first
order), and see what our satisfied customers say. —
PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. d.93

INVICTA KENT BEES.— Nuclei for Sale. Write
for particulars, then, if satisfied, send 2s. 6d.
deposit with order, balance June 1.— EDWARD
GRISTWOOD, Cheriton, Folkestone. Same address
17 years. r.d.85

ISSES PALING AND PILLANS having
combined and enlarged their Apiaries, are
now prepared to book orders for strong 3-frame
Italian Nuclei, massed with brood and bees, headed
with 1920 Penna Queens or 1920 Queens of their
own rearing from best selected Italian strains, £3,
carriage paid. Speciality made in rearing choice
Italian fertile Queens, 12s.; Virgins, 6s. Reduc-
tion on quantities. Pupils taken. — Golden Square,
Henfield, Sussex. r.d.84

PURE GOLDEN ITALIANS combine all
qualities desirable. Nuclei and Queens are
being booked rapidly. ParticulariB stamp.—
COOMBER, 64. Ronald Park Avenue, Weetcliff,
Eaaex. (1.87

3 -FRAME ITALIAN NUCLEI, frames crowded
wiih sealed brood, 1920 Queen, no disease,
£5 3s.; box 10s., returnable; carriage paid; cash
with order. Initial cost elightiy more than for
some nuclei, but worth it. Satisfaction guaranteed
or money returned. Full particulars free. — E. H.
TUNMER, " Chalfonts," Leiston, Suffolk. r.d.83

AVE YOU WINTERED 100 PER CENT.?
If not, your strain must be wrong. Booking
orders now for delivery June onwards. Hardy
disease-resisting, home-reared Italians; splendid
honey gatherers. Three-frame Nuclei, 1920 Queen,
price £3 3s., carriage paid; 76. 6d. refunded on box
if returned carriage paid Saxilby Station. Terms :
Cash with order. I will refund 10s. on all orders
not despatched before July 1.— HERBERT
VALLEY, Apiarist, Saxilby, Lincoln. r.d.92

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.^Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

QUANTITY of drawn-out Shallow Combs, excel-
lent condition. Is. 6d. each.— E. H. TAYLOR,

Welwyn. Herts. T.d.23

-*

ORDERS booked for 3-fram© Nuclei, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. List for
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. GRACKNELL,
Mount Road, Thundersley, Essex. r.d.27

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
logue from H. STICH, Riccarfcebar Avenue,
Paisley. r.c.U6

ITALIANS.— Queens, 6e. Book now. Stamp.—
HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup. r.d.90

PENNA strain Italian Queens, from June 7.—
ASHWORTH, The Bungalow, Weymouth
Street, Warminster. r.c.52

WATERPROOF RUBBER SHEETS for cover-
ing outhouses, etc.. 72in. by 36in., braes
eyelets, 12 for aOs.^SAGARS STORES, Ardwick.
Manchester. r.b.l6

DUTCH BEES. Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthes), Nuclei, Queens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.—Buy direct from Sole Agent, WHYTE. Bee
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire. b.61

EW-ENGLAND-BRED ITALIAN QUEENS.-
Untested laying Queens, ready June 1. 10s.,
delivery guaranteed; 6s. at i)urcha6er's risk. Eng-
lish money accepted by registered mail.— ALLEN
LATHAM, Norwichtown, Conn., U.S.

Italian Stocks.

OUR 10-bar Italian Stocks are now ready for
delivery. Free from disease. Cash with
order. Carriage paid.— D. ALLBON & CO., Sunny-
side, Hitchin. d.l23

BEE FLOWER SEEDS.

Collection of six best Varieties, Is., post free.

Beautifully Illustrated, Instructive,
Up-to-date Garden Guide, 64 pages. Free.

KNIGHT'S.

Seed Specialists, WOLVERHAMPTON.

HIVES AJn> AIX YOUR BEQTJIBEAOIITTS.

Quality A. Quick delivery.

Write for prices to—

L. ANDREWS & CO.,
Joinery and Carving Works,

78a, WfiaiOATE, Petgbbokovgh.

dJas

April 32, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. iii

BOWENO EARLY ORDERS MEAN
EES andN EARLY DELIVERIES.

ylrtistic
[Booklet
Free ::

EE GOOD*^ Lt. A. H. BOWEN, Coronation Rd., Cheltenham.

(( «ii^^ A ^^|1^ T*^ T^ ^^\ IV ^^ The cure for, and preventive of,

"Isle of Wight" Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from staio

or unpleasant odour.

FOR BEES MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

2/6 per Bottle. Post Free. 39, Farringdon Road, London, E.C 1.

RACTERO!

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

THE SERVICE COMPANY, LTD.,

289/293, HIGH HOLBORN, LONDON, W.C.

'Phone: HOLBORN 6430. Telegrams. "ADMITTEDLY." LONDON

CALL WRITE or 'PHONE

for

BEST BRITISH AND AMERICAN MADE

BEE HIVES AND APPLIANCES

We carry extensive Stocks for immediate use.
The Latest and Best at the LOWEST POSSIBLE PRICES.
WE SAVE YOU TIME, TROUBLE AND EXPENSE.

S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

. (New deep frame 17 X 14X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

THB> APIARY, BROMI^E^Y, KE^NX.

Iv

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. April 22, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MAN LEY HIVE for I6in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

'^* Everything for an Apiary.**
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITi.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

Cbe metal foundation 3

(Protected) w

latest invention in Scientific hive )l(

equipment. W

a a a "^

Durable ^ Economic ^ Sterillsable }l(

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An Ideal compromise between the Metal
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9

For further details and prices, send for
our 1920 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE, post free on application. It con-
tains detailed information on the most Jl^
up-to-daie hives and appliances for which W
the House of Lee is famous. w

*i^ Five per cent discount to Members of W
THE APIS CLUB. Q

JAMES LEE & SON, g

LTD., yx

Uxbridge, Middlesex, g

(Telegrams: Graphicly, Uzbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) W

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

S^d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX,

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

Commercial (16' X 10') frames and brood boxes stocked.

PUNTIW BY THB ATIMDI PeB* (L. UPOOTT GILL A SOH. LTD). BMfl, DEVty LlNI. LOMDOR, W.O., MB
PVBUIBIB tin. IE! PEOrEIROE (W. HEEBOD-HIUPUU.). BT SUirCIH. MAMHAUi. HilUUOB.

Km * Co., Lib., n A ati PimuMim E«w. mjo.

Beiiish Bbi JotJENit ISO Bn-EiiPBES' iDvins, April 29, 1920.

'■sJTtS'WliiwP'^-

iriBHARir of t

8m&

a* JBce-Kecpcrs
dldviscr.

CW^eWy Journal Devoted to
the Interests oj

Bee-Keepers.

No. 1975. Vol. XLVIII

APRIL 29, 1920.

iPubliihtd •r«rv Thturti^w, l^rlo* 2d.

co»'3?E3wrrrs,

PAQE

The Budget and thk B.B.J 205

Obituaey Notice 205

Legislation 206

British Bee-kbbpees' Association—

Lectures at Golders Hill Park 208

Royal Show Ftjnd 208

A Dorset Tarn 209

Jottings prom Huntingdonshire 209

Echoes prom the Hives 210

Shakespeare, Bees and Other Things 211

To Talk op Many Things 211

PAGE

Dundee Confebgncb 212

Ayr Bee-keepers at Kilmarnock 212

Questions for Bee-keepers 212

Total Honey Imports for 1919 212

Correspondbncb—

Size of Frames 213

Natural Stores v. Sugar Feeding 214

An Early Swarm 214

Weather Report 214

Bee Shows to Come 214

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYCOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 years.

This is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exacdy as bees
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with wax,
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Seod for Catalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1^ Gitalogue pott fzee.

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO., of U.S.A.
Sole Manufacturer and Licensee:

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN. HERTS.

u

THE Bttmsa Mt ;rt)tTtMrAt. April 29, 19^0.

THE

British Bee JournaE

Bbtiblishcd 1873.

A. Weekly Journal Sevoted to th«
Interests of Bee-keepers.

::dlted by T. W. COWAJT, F.L.S., 6c.,
and J. HSBXtOD-HEJSIPSAI.1., TJE^.

Oorrespondenoe : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptionfl and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

labMriptlonS. - Annual Subscription,
lOs. lOd. post free in advance j single copies
2d., or 2^. post free. If a receipt ia required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cneques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 28.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in" payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Nevospaper.
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
*' Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

YoQ are advised to insist on this being nsed wbea
dealing wltb strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to $ave trouhle, it is requested that
the Rules be oarefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Gtoods ehonld not be deepatc^hed until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this ofGce.

1. niEethod.— Wlien strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the dsiposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchaee is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of ai
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post OSice Orders and
postage, &c. Oash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
ocvar in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
«S;c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.- These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are »ent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carnage one way.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. EEKROD-HEIKEPSAIJi, 83, Bedford
Stract, Strand, Iiondon, W.C.8.

Bee-keeping Simplified

FOR THE COTTAGER AND SMALLHOLDER,
By W. HERROD-hiEMPSALL, F.E.S.,

Author of " Producing, Preparing, Exhibiting and Judging Bee Produce. '
Price Is. net. Post Free 1/H

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL OFFICE, 23, Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C

April 29, 1920. TS^ SRmSfl SfiE JoimyAi;.

206

The Budget and the B.B.J.

' As time goes on, the effects of the war
are felt more and more, and the financial
burden it has entailed presses even more
heavily on everyone. As all our readers
will be painfully aware, the Chancellor of
the Exchequer has to find an enormous
sum of money to enable the nation to carry

have already sent in their subscriptions to
forward a further sum to cover the extra
postage on the papers from the date it
comes into operation, and increase the
yearly subscription for the Jotjbnal to 13s.
and the Record to 3s.

Obituary Notice.

THE LATE CANON COVENTKY.

By the death of Canon Coventry, Rec-
tor of Severn Stone, Worcestershire loses
one of its best known clergymen. A type
of the true, old English gentleman, who

THE LATE CANON COVENTRY.

on, and in his latest Budget has had to
try and find fresh sources of revenue, and
make increased demands on those already
tapped. The increased charge of postal
rates will be felt by everyone in more or
less degree, and the effect of one of these
increases, if passed, will be to increase the
subscription rates to all papers sent by
post. It will add a further 2s. 2d. to the
British Bee Journal and 6d. to the
Becord per annum, and we shall, very
reluctantly, be compelled to ask those who

was held in high esteem and affection by
all classes and creeds. Canon Coventry,
who reached the advanced age of 90 last
Christmas Eve, had been a keen bee-
keeper for nearly 70 years, and has been
President of the Worcestershire Bee-'
keepers' Association since 1908. He has
been no mere figure-head, but has consis-
tently attended the meetings of members
and committee, devoting his influence and
a considerable amount of time for the
benefit of the craft. He was educated at

206 THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAI^. April 29, 1920.

Winchester and Pembroke College, Oxford.
He was a fine oarsman, and was captain
of the College eight which won the Ladies'
Plate at Henley, and also won many other
prizes at Worcester, Tewkesbury^ and
other regattas. He was one of the Oxford
crew when Cambridge were defeated at
Henley in a contest for the Grand Chal-
lenge Cup in 1852. He took Holy Orders
in 1853, was ordained priest in 1854, and
first held an incumbency at Worlstone, in
Gloucestershire. Then he was the perpe-
tual curate of Orenton, Glos., 1855-59.
He had travelled .extensively, and was at
Naples at the time of Garibaldi's arrival
there at the head of his troops in 1860.
He witnessed the Battle of Volturno and
the triumphant entry of King Victor
Emmanuel. He was at Warsaw when a
number of jjeople were shot down by the
Russians, and at Kiel when the Prussians
descended upon Denmark. In Moscow he
saw prisoners off to Siberia.

He began his life at Severn Stoke in
1869, and from that day until the present
he had been in the very truest and
broadest sense an ideal rector. He estab-
lished himself as an authority on the cvil-
ture of fruit and of bees, and he was
unfailing in interest and sympathy with
agriculturists. Those who were fortunate
enough to attend the Severn Stoke Har-
vest Home — which was celebrated last
October for the 49th time — ■nere able to
realise how intimately he identified him-
self with ihe people and the life of the
parish. These annual assemblies breathed
the atmosphere of an earlier England when
life was sweetened by such neighbourly
rejoicings. Canon Coventry always in-
vited the parishioners to lunch at the
Rectory, and the children to tea in the
afternoon following a service in the
church. Severn Stoke 's parochial life Qwed
much of its unity and agreeableness to his
inspiration and example. In times of
agricultural depression and of bad harvests
he summoned the parishioners together to
cheer them to another effort in the suc-
ceeding year ; and in times of plenty and
of relative prosperity, he invoked expres-
sions of satisfaction and gratitude. His
fatherly concern in the farmers' interests,
his sympathy with them in their trials
and disappointments, and his congratula-
tions in more favourable circumstances,
were highly valued.

He was appointed an Hon. Canon of
Worcester Cathedral in 1885, and Rural
Dean of Bredon in 1878. He took a wide
and keen interest in county affairs. He
was elected an Alderman of the County
Council when that body was first formed,
was a Justice of the Peace for the Upton-
on-Severn Division (he sat regularly &t
the Upton Police Court until recently),

and was on the Visiting Committee of the
Powick Asylum.

Canon Coventry married in 1868, Lulia
Louisa, daughter of Charles Goodwin Col-
quilt, of Craven, Shropshire. She died
in 1899. There were four children of the
marriage, three daughters and one son.
The son is Mr. Fulwar Cecil Ashton Coven-
try, who holds a responsible position in
the Motor Department of the G.W. Rail-
way. One of his daughters is Lady Dud-
ley, who for many years assisted him in
entertaining at the Rectory.

Legislation.

A friend in Jamaica, who is interested
in the endeavour to obtain legislation in
England, sends us a copy of " The Dis-
eases of Bees Law ' ' in force in Jamaica,
and also an extract from the Annual
Report of the Department of Agriculture
for Jamaica, 1918-19. Comment on our
part is needless, beyond pointing out the
drastic nature of the penalties, which in-
clude imprisonment, showing the impor-
tance attached to the industry there; the
report shows how legislatiye powers pre-
vented a catastrophe in the Island.

JAMAICA.

A law to prevent the introduction and
Spread of Dangerous Diseases
amongst Bees.

(10th May, 1918.)
Be it enacted by the Governor and
Legislative Ceuncil of Jamaica, as fol-
lows : —

1. This law may be cited as the Protec-
tion from Disease (Bees) Law, 1918.

2. In this law the expression " Dis-
ease " means the diseases known as " Foul
Brood," and " ' Isle of Wight ' Disease of
Bees," and any other disease which the
Governor in Privy Council, by notice pub-
lished in The Jamaica Gazette, may de-
clare to be a disease for the purposes of
this law.

3. It shall be lawful for the Governor
from time to time by Orders to be pub-
lished in The Jamaica Gazette, to: —

(a) Prescribe the measures to be
taken for the treatment of any disease
by the owner or person having tlie
charge or management of any apiary.

(b) Regulate the duty of persons ap-
pointed to carry out the provisions of
any Orders issued under this law.

(c) Direct the destruction of any
apiary infected or suspected of being
infected with disease.

(d) Generally make provision for the
purpose of preventing the introduction
and spread of disease or of any par-
ticular disease named in the Ordei-.

4. It fihiall be lawful for the Governor

A^TJl 29, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOTIRyAL.

207

to appoint persons to carry out the pro-
visions of this law, and of any Orders
issued thereunder, and the Governor may
by warrant direct payment out' of the
Public Treasury of the remuneration and
expenses of all such persons and of any
other expenditure that the Governor may
deem necessary for the purposes of this
law, including such compensation to the
owner of any apiary destroyed under the
provisions of this law, as the Governor
may, in his absolute discretion, approve.

5. Any person appointed under the pro-
visions of the next preceding section may
with such assistance as may be necessary,
enter upon any land, and there examine
any apiary in order to ascertain whether
the said apiary is infected with disease.

6. (1) Every owner or person having
the charge or management of an apiary
who knows of or suspects the existence of
any disease in such apiary shall, with all
practicable speed, give notice in writing
to the Director of Agriculture of the fact
of the apiary being so infected or sus-
pected, and shall in such notice give all
information in his power as to the extent
and nature of such disease. The said
notice shall be served personally on the
Director of Agriculture, or shall be ad-
dressed to him by registered post.

(2) Where the owner or person having
tlie charge or management of an apiary is
charged with an offence under this law,
he shall be presumed to have known of
the existence of the disease, unless and
until he shows to the satisfaction of the
Court that he had not knowledge thereof,
and could not with reasonable diligence
have obtained that knowledge.

7. If any person without lawful
authority or excuse, proof whereof shall
lie on him, does any of the following
things, he shall be guilty of an offence
against this law :

(1) If he does anything in contraven-
tion of this law or of any Order issued
under this law, or of any rule made
under this law or fails to carry out any
measures required to be carried out by
him under any such Order or rule.

(2) If he fails to give any notice
which by this law he is required to give.

(3) If he refuses to any person acting
in execution of this law or of any Order
issued thereunder, admission to any
land, or place which the said person is
entitled to enter or obstructs or im-
pedes such person in so entering or in
examining any apiary or otherwise in
any respect obstructs or impedes any
person in the execution of his duty
under this law or assists in any such
obstructing or impeding,

and h© shall on summary conviction before
a Eesident Magistrate be liable to a fine

not exceeding £50, and in default of pay-
ment to imprisonment with or without
hard labour for any period not exceeding
three months, and on a further convic-
tion within a period of twelve months, for
a second or subsequent offence against
this law he shall be liable in the discre-
tion of the Court to be imprisoned for
any term not exceeding six months with
or withoiit hard labour in lieu of a fine
to which he is liable.

8. No prosecution for an offence against
this law shall be instituted except by
or with the consent of the Director of
Agriculture.

9. Any person charged with an offence
against this law may, if he thinks fit, ten-
der himself to be examined on his own
behalf, and thereupon he may give evi-
dence in the same manner and with the
like effect and consequences as any other
witness. •

10. (1) The Governor may make rules
for the purpose of more effectually carry-
ing out the provisions and objects of this
law.

(2) Rules made under this section shall
have the same effect as if they were con-
tained in this law, and shall be judicially
noticed.

(3) Rules made under this section shall
come into operation onj publication in
The Jamaica Gazette or at such other
time as may be named in such rules.

11. For the purposes of this law the
decision of the Director of Agriculture as
to the presence of any disease shall be
fiinal.

EXTRACT PROM ANNUAL REPORT, DEPARTMENT
OP AGRICULTURE, 1918-1919.

Honey has been one of the surprises of
the year. Owing to the lack of sugar and
jam in England, and the permission given
by the Imperial Authorities for the ship-
ment of honey, the bee-keepers of Jamaica
have reaped a most gratifying harvest.
The Collector-General records the export
of 188,000 gallons or 1,175 tons of
Jamaica honey to the United Kingdom, at
a value of £154,700, This is greater than
that of either of two of our major pro-
ducts cacao and- coconuts. IJnfortu-
nately, honey in transit from Cu,ba where
foul brood is prevalent, was permitted to
enter the port of Kingston, and owing to
the ineffective powers of the law this in-
fected honey was exposed to the local bees
with the result that American foul brood
was discovered in the Kingston area in
December last. ^

Fortunately, the possibility of the entry
of foul brood through foreign honey in
transit had been recognised, and a special
law (Law 9, of 1918) was passed in April,
1918 which gave powers for dealing with
dangerous diseases of bees.

208

THE BRITISH BEE JOUENAi;. A^ril 29, 1920.

In May an area of approximately three
miles in radius from the Parish Church, •
Kingston, was declared under the law,
and all bees in this area were required to
be notified, and were inspected quar-
terly by the Inspector of Apiaries. Rules
as to the movement of bees in and out of
the declared area were also made.

The first case of American foul brood
was reported by the owner on December
14. By January 7, 13 cases, extending
over a frontage of about a mile on the
sea-front of Kingston had been viiscovered
and the hives destroyed by fire. Owing
to the apparent migration of the bees
from two diseased hives at the extremities
of the infected area, before the hives had
been destroyed, the Department, with the
concurrence of the Bee-keepers' Union,
advised that all hives within the declared
area should be destroyed at once.

His Excellency acted with promptitude,
and as the Legislative Council was for-
tunately in session, a credit of £3,800 was
voted to enable the whole of the declared
area to be treated forthwith, and for a
maximum compensation of £2 per hive to
be paid to the owners of the bees des-
troyed.

With the assistance of the Bee-keepers'
Union, who enrolled eleven of their mem-
bers as special inspectors appointed by the
Governor under tlie law, and under the
general direction of the Chief Inspector,
Mr, O. N. Eddowes, 1,719 hives of bees
were destroyed by fire on the nights of
January 16 and 17.

The Acting Inspector-General organised
effective police supervision of all the
apairies in the; declared area pending
their destruction. His Worship the Mayor
of Kingston, assisted us by permitting
the hives from the city area to be burnt
on the race-course. The hives were treated
with carbon bisulphide by Mr. H. G.
Coofe, Inspector of Plant Diseases before
being moved.

I am glad to be able to report that there
is every reason to believe that foul
brood has been effectively stamped o-ut,
and that this prompt and drastic action
has freed the honey industry of the Colony
from the inroads of a most destructive
disease. The Legislative Council is to be
congratulated on its action in authorising
this large expenditure at a time when
general revenue was not in an easy condi-
tion for meeting extra demands for
money.

On the advice of the Bureau of Ento-
mology at Washington, the prohibition
against the importation of queen bees
from U.S.A., that had been effeciied two
years ago so as to guard against the in-
troduction of the ' ' Isle of Wight ' ' dis-
ease, of which some suspicion existed as

to its presence in American, was with-
drawn by His Excellency in April, 1919.

It is now possible for bee-keepers to
import *queen bees under special regula-
tions previously in force under the law,
and apiarists are now advised that it
would be well to introduce somef fresh
blood by the importation of good Italian
queens from the United States.

Although it may never again record
such a year of prosperity as that experi-
enced in 1918, there is every reason to
believe that the merits of Jamaica honey
are ndw better recognised in the English
market, and that there are good pros-
pects for the future of our honey industry.

It has been urged on the Department
that a travelling inspector in apiculture
would be very helpful to the industry,
and I hope with the advent of more pros-
perous times that such an officer may be
added to our staff who will devote him-
self to the promotion of the success of tne
honey industry in all sections of the
island.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

liBCTtTEES AT GOLDERS HILL PARK.

A special course of six lectures on bee-
keeping will be given in the British Bee-
keepers' Association's apiary, London
County Council Park, Golders Hill, Lon-
don, N.W., on Fridays, April 30, May 7,
14, 21, 28, and June 4 at 6 o'clock each
evening.

Those desiring to attend these lectures
must make application at once for enrol-
ment and particulars to — W. Herrod-
Hempsall, Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

A simple " chat " on bees will be given
free, at 3.30 each afternoon before the
lectures.

Royal Show Fund.

The Council of the British Bee-keepers*
Association are anxious to take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, bo that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show may not be spoilt. In order to
defray the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that all bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which should be sent as early as possible
to the Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.0.2.

DONATIONS RECEIVED,

£ 8, d.
Amount received ... 2 5 0

April 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJRKAL.

209

A Dorset Yarn.

In the Rectory garden at Durweston,
near Blandford, where the rock gardens
had their gayest mantle, like Jacob's
" coat of many colours," bees could revel
in masses of flowers. Many of them the
bees had worked assiduously until the
sm.all flowers of gooseberries were open.
Now they have transferred their affections
from the rock gardens with their masses to
the small and inconspicuous ones; large
breadths of hyacinths, all shades of colour,
cannot lure them away; they know these
flowers are rich in sweetness, and one
would imagine that they knew the flowers
were of short duration, as they stay with
them so much.

In a pasture field close to the farm there
are thousands of dandelion, which is
figured in Root's " A. B. C. and X. Y. Z.
of Bee-keeping," as a fine bee plant. Here
there is not a bee to be seen on them,
yet before the fruit blossom opened they
were on the early flowers on warm banks.
This flower is singular in its habits — it
only opens when the sun shines and rain is
not coming. A field may be quite yellow
for an hour or so, and then they close up ;
they open that the ligulate flowers, which
are crowded together in one calyx, should
be fertilised when pollen is quite dry and
the pistillate organ is ripe for inocula-
tion.

A lot of these ligulate flowers, like the
thistle, hawkweeds, etc., all go through
the same evolutions. The salsify family
always close up at 12 o'clock, and is called
" John go bed at noon," but it will only
open when the climatic conditions are
favourable ; they go to sleep at night, and
many of them bend over the flower heads,
as men do in prayer — but this is digress-
ing. Bees seem to have the " Get-rich-
quick " fever, and leave the flowers where
stores are short for the flowers where
abundance reigns. If it is so at our farm
and in other gardens of Dorset, we may
assume it is general everywhere.

We are interested in all flowers that are
visited by bees. The composites, to which
the dandelion, thistles, and daisies
belong, have hundreds of flowers in one
calyx. The small daisy has about 250
florets in the one calyx, yet they- are so
arranged that they form a perfect flower.
Up to fifty are ray flowers forming the
outside circle; these have a pistil but no
stamens or pollen parts ; the centre is
filled up with five cleft yellow flowers, with
both stamens and pistil. In the large
double daisies the whole of the flowers are .
ligulate.

All our hives now seem to have an
assembly; all seem to be rushing out in a
hurry, enticing out the young bees — and
what is more, the drones. I saw these |

for the first time in the Italian stocks on
Sunday, the 18th. All seem to be telling
us how good it is to be alive when the sun
shines and food is so plentiful, or letting
the world see how important each colony is
to the Violet Farm. It is the workers that
sing so continuously — not like the birds;
with them it is the male that sings all
springtime. But the worker-bee does not
sing because shewants the males to notice
her ; it must be overflowing exuberance,
and she must let off the safety-valve with
an extra effort of song. 'Tis said the
thrush sings that the female should notice
him ; the glowworm gives her lamp that
the male should find her; but the worker-
bee sings her loudest when the most work
is to be done. To-day, Saturday, April 24,
it seemed like swarming time with so
much extra song. With the song of the
workers this week, there is the song of
Italian drones. Such beautiful creatures
they are; they seem very shy when they
look out on the front ; they hesitato a good
deal before .they set off with their loud
song. But there will not be many queens
for them to follow on the wedding trip
this year at the Violet Farm ; most of the
royal cells are destroyed, and sections and
bars on top of the brood box.

Our bees to-day are on a breadth of
turnips (most of the pollen is yellow that
is carried in'). All lines of red and black
currants are in bloom, as well as most of
the apple trees. The white broom is
opening; this is a fine plant for bees.
They work them very much ; there are so
many flowers on them, though they are
very small. Bees are on them twelve hours
in the day. They a^'e revelling in wall-
flowers and are still looking over the
gooseberries, but the lilacs are not attrac-
tive to them. — J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

The outstanding feature during the past
week has been a slaughter of drones;
before most hives one has seen a little pile
of dead or dying drones. Why this pre-
mature slaughter? Truly the bees have
been forced to do it, then why bring so
many into existence? The answer is, bees,
like humans, are liable to err. While they
can and do sense the weather well ahead
they do not seem able to reason out to
the end. A check in the honey flow they
can anticipate, but are not always correct
in the question of storage. In March
many drones were brought into existence;
not alone to be prospective royal lovers,
but also to help maintain the temperature
of the hive and so allow an unusual num-
ber of foragers to be abroad. April brought
a spell of wet and some chilly winds, and

210

THE BRITISH BEE jmrRNAL. lA^ril 29, 1920.

all the time young bees were being born
by the thousand each day, and all surplus
stores were being drawn upon. The
ministers of the hives had to make a de-
cision for economy's sake, and the deci-
sion was, turn out the majority of drones,
so out they had to go. What beauties they
are ! Rarely have I seen such fine tim-
bered male bees. We need not despair.
A cursory glance will reveal that a few
drones are left, sufficient if a swarm should
be deemed necessary in the course of a
few weeks. Two hives I have Visited this
week would, without doubt, have swarmed
had March's warmth continued into April.
From the bee-keeper's point of view, this
check is all to the good, providing he has
guarded against the possibility of starva-
tion. Many nectar-bearing flowers were
being brought out before their time, and
but for this check would have been blos-
soming— half developed. There is little
beauty in a half-developed flower, and
less nectar and pollen. Personally, I am
sorry to see the chestnuts so soon in bloom.
I would prefer to see their charming
candles of pink and white in May. May
blossom, again, will soon be opening. It
is said that not more than three times in
a century does hawthorn blossom on cr
before May Day. This year is evidently
one of those unusual years, and we must
work accordingly. Mad though it may
sound to some, I say super all strong
stocks, but keep cakes of candy handy for
slipping under the quilt should necessity
arise. The bees have increased at such
a rate since the year came in that all but
the Weakest stocks need more room than a
single brood chamber gives them. Refuse
them this, and what is the result? A
sultry day comes along, such as we had
0.1 the 23rd, and the poor little insects
are .unable to stand the temperature of
the hive and are found listlessly crowd&d
around the entrance " spiring. " for air.

The oaks are in good leaf, the elms
covered with feathery green, but the
majority of ashes are only just bursting
bud, so "If the oak is out before the
ash, etc., etc." It is well to take note
of these things. There is some wisdom
in many of these old sayings. " A swarm
of boes in May is worth a load of hay " ;
" A swarm of bees in June is worth a
silver spoon"; "A swarm in July is
hardly worth a fly." Someone asked me
the other day if a May swarm was worth
a load of hay, what was the worth of an
April swarm ? That depends on what part
of tlie month the swarm appears. If in
the earlier fortnight, I should say its worth
was very little, for it would not be strong ;
it would need very liberal feeding, be
pestered with robbers, and during a cold
snap would suffer considerably. I have

known of only one early April swarm,
it was taken and duly hived or skepped,
no artificial feeding was done ; a cold, wet
week came along, and every single bee died
from starvation.

The answer to my last week's query is
" The Lark." No, there is no catch or
pun lingering. It is just that bees do
dislike larks. I have never seen a lark
eat bees — ^maybe their song annoys them,
or it maybe that they fear for their virgin
queen, as she soars into space for her
mating flight, reaching heights the sing-
ing lark only attains to. Blackbirds,
thrushes, finches, robins, wrens, and even
swallows may build their nest quite close
to the hives, but if a poor lark does so
she soon repents of her folly. She 's
allowed very little peace. A lady in
Buckinghamshire writes me to say that
she once saw a lark enclosed in a ring of
bees from which she was frantically
endeavouring to free herself to get to her
nest. Poor little larks, I am sorry you
and apis cannot agree, but I hope you will
go on singing none the less. — E. F.
Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

^ Echoes from the Hives.

Bees are steadily forging lahea-d Sn
this locality, and most colonies still
possess a small reserve of natural stofes.
On the whole, reports show, that bees
have wintered quite normally, and no
unusual losses have occurred yet ; although
Starvation has still time to claim a few
victims, where the owners are of the
happy-go-lucky type.

In the Cheltenham Vale — which
abounds with gardens and orchards for
market growing — everything in the way
of blossom, is fully three weeks ahead
of its normal date, but this cannot be
said of the Cotswold uplands, where the
bigger apiaries are, for here there is
very little fresh vegetation to be seen.
Indeed, in the Sainfoin district, a late
spring is better than an early one,
because of the cooler temperature and
lack of early blossom before May comes
in. Then the dandelion is an excellent
asset. So that theire is nothing so
essential as a good reserve of stores, and
then the bees can be left quite un-
disturbed.

Given a 'burst of genial sunny weather,
swarms would be frequent in the early
blossom, districts, and (will ibe J2;reatily
valued by those having empty hives to
fill.

All things considered, I think we are
in for a fair sea«on, provided the spring
rainfall is ample. — A. H. Bo wen, Cots-
wold Apiaries, Cheltenham.

April 2, 1920.

^^ril 29> 1920. THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

211

Shakespeare, Bees, and
Other Things.

I cannot dignify my words by the title
of " Jottings from Huntingdonshire," as
this week they are appearing also, although
I was able to hide my light under that
bushel the first time I wrote. Some
people might put a different interpreta-
tion to this "light," or say I have got
muddled up with the English language.
I should not be the first, so they can.

I might have written before -when there
was something to write about, namely, to
put it in hackneyed language, " The
signs of an early spring," but I was mak-
ing the acquaintance of another form of
" bee," the hospital nurse, and I found
them very interesting. The beautiful
days in February made me only irritable,
for I had to lay in a furnace of a ward
with the temperature at 75. That was all
the benefit I derived from those remark-
ably early spring days (I am quite aware
that February belongs to winter by the
calendar) ; fancy appendicitis in spring I
I said that at Easter I should have some-
thing worth writing about; alas! at the
moment my father is melting down bee
sugar and putting it out on pieces of
paper, looking as if he kept a sweet shop
for the convenience of those who like " a
apeth o' them white sweets."

I have often wondered what acquaintance
Shakespeare had with bees when he wrote
" Henry V." Was he enthusiastic over
his first swarms, for iie is supposed to
have written it in the earlier part of the
year 1599, or was some book-friend con-
tinually filling him with romantic tales of
their wonderful ways. I am inclined to
think the latter, and also that the friend
was anxious to strike a bargain. About
half-way through the very first scene
comes a phrase, " To steal his sweet and
horsey 'd sentences." Perhaps he had had
honey for the last meal. Be that as it
may, anyone who is interested in bees,
eveii if they are not in Shakespeare (if
they ai'e interested in both, all the better)
should read the long speech of Canter-
bury's dealing with bees in Act I., Sc. II.,
of Henry V. Was Shakespeare true to
history in giving Archbishop Canterbury
such an accurate and intellectual know-
ledge of bees?

I should like to thank those who have so
kindly offered help and suggestions with
regard to my pet collection. Mr. Mace
mentioned Monkswood as a most hopeful
place for certain species of " lepidoptera,"
but I am sorry to say that it is fast being
levelled to the ground. Nevertheless, I
shall try my luck there next summer. —
Lois E. Hemming.

To Talk of Many Things.

Whenever there is a prospect of my
visiting a certain town or village or of
tramping over a particular stretch of
country, it is my custom, with a vipw to
deepening my knowledge of the locality
and thus getting the utmost enjoyment
from my stay or passage, to procure what-
ever books may be obtainable that deal
with the places I hope to explore.

So, too, when an unpremeditated visit
leaves an impression of interest and
charm, the bibliography of the neighbour-
hoiod (is drawn upon to deepen and
strengthen that impression.

It happens sometimes that one visit
creates the desire for another, when the
lore studied as a reviver of the first may
be drawn upon.

Thus it has been with the sister coun-
ties, Surrey and Sussex, and, actuated by
a hope of renewing acquaintance with
Holmwood Common in particular, and the
country in general, of which Dorking may
be taken as the centre. I have been read-
ing a book* whose every chapter is cal-
culated to stimulate understanding enjoy-
ment of the changing scene. When I add
that its author is a modernised and local-
ised Cobbett, keenly observant alike of
natural beauties and of socio-economic
conditions, acquainted -with many of the
celebrities of the artistic and literary
world who have illustrated the stretch
from Hindhead to the sea, no further com-
mendation of the volume should be needed.

The fact that our author is a bee-
keeper is soon revealed, as in this little
reminiscence : —

" Bucolic humour of a practical kind
was once displayed towards me when I
was looking at some beehives at a farm
sale. A keen bee-keepr, looking upon me
as a dangerous competitor, clumsily
bumped up against the hives, hoping
thereby the enraged bees would come out
and sting me, and so cool my ardour as a
bidder. Unfortunately for him, he got the
stings, and had to fly, pursued by angry
bees, whilst I remained scathless."

Even without this direct evidence, one
would know "beyond a peradventure "
that only a bee-man instinctively observ-
ant of any least sign of the pursuit of the
craft, would write, as in the chapter on
Bletchingley.

" It was pleasant, on the occasion of my
last visit there, to observe a number of
newly made straw bee-skeps outside a shop
close to the old ' White Hart Inn.' They
made you feel that you would like to find
life's anehorage on the heather-clad slopes
of Tilburstow Hill and to keep bees close

* " The Surrey Hills." F. E. Green. Chatto and
Windufl. 7». 6d. flet.

212

THE BRITISH BgE JOURNAL. April 29, 1920.

to a venerable village where the tide of
life drifted so leisurely."

One may be pardoned for envying the
lot of, say, the county expert on tour,
when one reads, in the section devoted to
Merrow Downs —

" This is not the Pilgrims' Way, which
is lower down and obliterated by the
plough near Netley House, where you
may wish to descend into Shere and bathe
your hot limbs in the cooling stream at the
parochial cost of a glass of beer. Or you
may wish to stand in the shadow of the
noble avenue of limes, especially at blos-
soming time, when every tree is alive with
murmurous wings. And surely no one
could resist the appeal of the cottage gar-
dens in July ; for even the wheelwright's
by the river bank, instead of exhibiting
mournful, derelict timber, is aflame with
flowers.

" This is the true valley home of bees,
which, issuing from golden-domed hives
behind regiments of hollyhocks and masses
of Michaelmas daisies, suck nectar from
the sweet, white clover of the chalk downs
and win yet another golden harvest of
honey from the purple heather of the sand-
stone heath."

I must have my boots clumped. — A. F.
Hakwood.

Dundee Conference.

An important conference of bee-keepers
was held at the Dundee Training College.
An audience of more than 20Q attended
to hear a lecture by Mr. Joseph Tinsley,
of the West of Scotland Cbllege of Agri-
culture, on the " Isle of Wight " dis-
ease. Mr. Tinsley outlined the history,
spread, and cause of the disease. The
experiments conducted by him in produc-
ing immunity were explained. Methods
of selection in breeding were given for the
prevention of diseases. At the close the
chairman, Mr. Langlands, in proposing a
vote of thanks, remarked that the lectui'e
had Been interesting and instructive and
it was hoped the lecturer would give them
another lecture on an early date. In the
discussion which followed, the general
body of bee-keepers favoured legislation
in regard to bee diseases

Ayr Bee-Keepers at Kilmarnock
Apiary.

The Ayr Bee-keepers' Association and a
number of the Glasgow bee-keepers recently
paid a visit to the West of Scotland Agri-
tural College, Kilmarnock, in connection
witli the bee re-stocking scheme authorised
by the Board of Agriculture for Scotland.
The party, numbering over 70, was met
by Mr. Joseph Tinsley, who is in charge
of the scheme, and conducted them over

the apiary. The modern appliances, to-
gether with the various races of bees, were
a source of great interest to the bee-
keepers. Mr. Dixon, in proposing a vote
of thanks to Mr. Tinsley, remarked that
they were extremely fortunate in having
one of the foremost expert bee-keepers in
Great Britain attached to the College,
and he was convinced that so long as Mr.
Tinsley stayed in the West that institu-
tion would always occupy the leading
place in apiculti;re.

Questions, etc., for Bee-Keepers
for Self-Examination.

(Students a/re recommended to write
their answiers, and check them, after-
vxirds hy reference to hooks.)

483. What ia the colour of healthy
brood?

484. Design a label for affixing to honey
bottles and jars.

485. What is done to prevent the re-
crystallisation of sugar prepared for
feeding?

486. Suggest methods of providing shade
for hives in the heat of mid-day in
summer.

487. Explain why some colonies get
strong in the spring sooner than others.

488. Whether is it better, in the spring,
to unite two weak colonies or to let each
strengthen separately? And why?

489. Describe a bee's foot, and explain
why the bee is able to walk up a vertical
snrface whether quite rough or quite
smooth.

490. What points are considered, in
granulated honey exhibited at a honey
Slow?

491. Amplify the statement that it is
advisable to manipulate bees as little as
possible.

492. On what evidence is it concluded
that each hive has its own special odour
recognisable by its bees? J. L. B.

Total Honey Imports for 1919.

J?

January

53,803

February ...

277,691

March

200,781

April

45,811

May

94,001

June

26,013

Julv

42,883

August

46,683

September ...

22,098

October

41,437

November ...

18,694

December ...

22,993

Total ... 892,888

April 29. 1920. THE BHITISH BEB JOTTRNAL.

213

I ^9^^n-\^ kwiJ^ ^ t ^^

Size of Frames.

[10174] I do not wish to stir up a corre-
spondence over the question of fhe size
of frames, but ever since your editorial
in The British Bee Journal of Septem-
ber 11 I have wanted to make some reply.
You say there, sir, that you '* do not
attach the slightest importance to the
theory that the space between the top
and bottom set of combs would hinder
either queen or bees," and then you argue
that the space would be filled with bees,
and the queen would spend only a few
seconds in traversing it. The facts re-
corded would seem to show that there is a
good deal more in the theory than you
have allowed.

In the American Bee Journal for April,
1919, Mr. C. P. Dadant, in his editorial
notes, touches upon this very point — for
they have their controversies, too, over
the size of frames, only they would ap-
pear to be about 30 years ahead of us.
The whole discussion in that Journal of
that month under " Shallow brood
frames " would well bear being reprinted
complete.

He is quite ready to argue that it is
possible that different apiarists may have
different experiences, " but." he adds,
" that the separation of the brood "cham-
ber into two or more storeys should make
no difference whatever in the laying of
the queen is an untenable proposition."

He then brings forward the various
facts upon which his conviction is based.
Langstroth at one time used frames with
a perpendicular bar or partition in the
middle. The Dadants, who tried nearly
everything Langstroth described, used
these, and found that the " queens would
often breed on one side of them only."

"The senior Dadant, who estimated the
value of pieces of worker comb very
highly, was in the habit of making hori-
zontal partitions in brood frames " to
fasten the pieces in. " Often queens
would lay on the upper or lower side of
such partitions to the exclusion of the
other side." He also used divisible
frames for queen rearing, and found the
same thing, which, he says, anyone can
confirm. " Not in every case, but in
many cases — perhaps one-quarter of the
time — the queens would find such divi-
sions an obstacle sufficient to cause them
to turn away for the time being, though
they usually came back to them after-
wards. He concludes this paragraph by
adding: "What, then, must it be when
they nave not only a bar, but two bars

and a bee's space to pass over before
changing from one storey to another?
It is true they finally do it. But how
much time is lost in hesitating and hunt-
ing can hardly be guessed." This, too,
I may add, would be taking place more
frequently in spring, when bees are fewer,
and we want our queens to be laying to
their fullest extent. It is, no doubt, the
reason why bees build up more rapidly
in spring in large frames than in shallow
ones.

This contention is confirmed by an ex-
perience I had when wintering two stocks
for a friend in Hampshire last Septem-
ber. The stocks stood side by side, and
were on two sets of combs, and had had
the same management, for I had done
most of it. When I examined them I was
particularly struck by the way in which
both queens were laying. The arrange-
ment of their stores was identical. The
two outside combs on each side were solid
— having a brood nest on six combs — the
middle ones being about half-full, and the
outside ones having only a narrow strip
left at the bottom for brood. Both queens
were June bred. Now, though there were
some stores below, there was no brood.
The queens had laid narrow strips of
eggs along the outside combs, filling up
all available space, but had stopped there,
in spite of the fact that they were both
big stocks. It is difficult to imagine that
with larger frames the queens would not
have had larger circles of brood instead
of the half-moon shapes that they had.
Both queens had Italian blood in them.
I notice that Mr. A. C. Miller has had a
similar experience when examining an
apiary where double Langstroth and
Jumbo hives were used.

I am writing this a few miles from
Land's End, and far from my old British
Bee Journals, but I think it was Mr.
Atkinson, of Fakenham, who said that
we had a new factor in England since our
standard was decided on — the Italian bee.
This is, in fact, the deciding factor in
determining the size of frames. The
Italian blood in the country is increasing
now at an enormous pace, and it will do
so in an increasing ratio if this country
goes the way of every other country nearly
that has introduced these bees. I have
run them side by side with blacks for the
last two seasons, and we must all agree
that they want larger hives— and con-
siderably larger.

Mr. Charlton has advocated a deeper
frame of the same length as the present
standard — making the frame more nearly
square. This shape was given up in
America, and we should probably give it
up, and for the same reason. The
16 X 10 is going to come in, whether we
like the change or not. This discussion

214

THE BRITISH BEE JOtrRNAL. [Alpril 29, 1920.

will have started many more to use it.
It is not large enough to my mind, but
twelve frames like the " Langstroth
twelve" would make a good, ample hive.
This could be used by all who work for run
honey, for there the large frame is at its
best. But for working for comb honey
the double standard could be used, for it
possesses advantages, when so used, that,
in my opinion, more than outweigh those
of the larger frame. — Yours truly, C. S.

MoREIS.

[We will endeavour to write a few
notes on the beforegoing letter next week.
Eds.]

Natural Stores v. Sugar Feeding.

[10175] I was much interested at Mr.
C. Greenhough's letter regarding the
above, and can say he is right about the
old man feeding his bees on honey.

In years gone by, as a lad, I was
taught management of bees by an old
expert, a R.N, sea captain, who, for one
thing, made me wash my hands before I
touched the hive. They were hives in
those days. (Nu£f said on that point, per-
haps.)

Sugar feeding was looked upon as
poison ; honey only was given. Vinegar,
salt and chemicals were laughed at, and
his bees stood through the first onslaught
of " Isle of Wight " disease, and were
with him till his death.

I took up bee-keeping last year in order
to rub my memory up again, and two
large stocks had my entire time and care
in management of their comfort and health
I was astounded at the present-day ideas,
and let them pass by and carried on in the
way I learnt, trying experiments which
were a success. I kept one hive for honey
to feed bees, resulting in seven combs,
nice and dry, of bees, brood, and abun-
dance of capped honey to start feeding on,
which lasted some considerable time. To
make a long story short, I winter my bees
in a way they get proper air, and my
quilts are as clean as the day I put them
on. This year my colonies are already in
large, wide hives I had built, on twelve
combs, with one extra quilt during breed-
ing. If only bee-keepers would study
ventilation and not extract honey from
the brood-nest, to be replaced by sugar,
which is quite unnatural, bees will with-
stand anything that comes along. Great
hot quilts allowed to be stuck down, so that
bees live in an atmosphere of fermenting
sugar, is cruelty in my estimation. Why
rob them of their natural food for selfish
aims, and wonder why your stocks are
weak? If you want honey in abundance
be humane and use common sense.

A bee is not a machine, but the most
wonderful little insect of the whole Uni-

verse, who needs as much care and looking
after as a human being. What is nicer
than to get them to know you by being
gentle, and not using endless manipula-
tion? Many a time I had a tired bee
alight on my bare arms with a load of
pollen without attempting to sting. How
can one not get to like them, and see to
their comfort? I was always taught to
treat them with affection, which I do. My
hives are kept wide apart, so I get no
robbing, and they are much quieter in the
autumn. Each has its full amount of
stores, and a bit over. I advise those who
would spare honey to let their bees be the
first little customers; they wiU pay it
back tenfold in the spring of the following
year. They have done it for me, so try
it ! I guarantee you will never regret it.
— C. Tredcboft.

An Early Swarm.

[10176] It may be of interest to readers
of the B.B.J, to know that one strong
stock of mine sent out a siwarm on
April 17; I think! this possibly might
almost be a record for ©arliness? This
stock was a cast when I obtained it last
summer, and came from the roof of a
house just outside this town ; there appear
to have been bees in this roof for the last
six years or more. The bees are not
natives, but have foreign blood in them ;
the queen certainly is prolific. — F. Tylkr-
Tayixjr.

''

Weather Report.

Wkstbournb, March, 1920.

Rainfall, 2-15 in.

Heaviest fall, '44 in.
on 14th.

Rain fell on 19 days.

Below average, •27in,

Maximum tempera-
ture, 62 on 22nd and
30th.

Minimum tempera-
ture, 25 on 4th.

Minimum on grass, 20

on 9th.
Frosty nights, 8.
Mean maximum, 51 "9.
Mean minimum, 40*4.
Mean temperature, 46 1
Above average, 4''7
Maximum barometer,

30-710 on 3rd.
Minimum barometer.

28-842 on 15th.

L. B. BiRKKTT.

Bee Shows to Come.

June 2-5, at Beading.— Royal Counties' Agri-
cultural Society's Show. Hon Sec., 131, King's
Road, Reading. Honey entries close May 15.

June 9 and 10, at Colchester.— Essex Agricul-
tural Society. Classes for Extracted and Comb
Honey, etc. Schedules from Secretary, Essex Bee-
keepers' Association, 7, Bulwer Road, LeytOnstone.
Entries close Mlay 31.

June 16 and 17.— Hanley Pairki Meeting of the
Staffordshire Agricultural Society. The Stafford-
shire B.K.A. offer valuable prizee and ftix silver
medals and nine bronze medals. Twelve Classes
for members only, and five Open Classes. (Honey
Classes are for four or three jars or sections).
Schedules, W. GritBths Silkmore, , Stafford.
Entries close May 29.

June 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Koyal
Agricultural Society's Show, Bee and Honey
Section, under the direction of ihe B.B.E.A. Prizes

April 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

215

arranged in groups of counties for Associations
affiliated to the B.B.K.A. Schedules from The
Secretary, 23. Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2.
Entries close May 31.

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.— Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show. The Glamorgan B.K.A.,
in conjunction with R.H.S., offer prizes for Honey,
Wax, Bees, and Appliances. Members, Novices,
and Open Classes. Schedules, Mr. Wiltshire,
Maindy School, Cardiff. Entries close June 22.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Will advertiiers please read these Rules care-
fully in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at Ifd. per tpord aa " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3a. per iin., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a boz number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " frm of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVEBTISE1VEE!NTS.

HONEY EXTRACTOR, rotary, 2-cage, in g(^
condition, 506. in crate on rail.— A. MAR-
SHALL, Lagham, A&htead, Surrey. d.l30

COMMENCE with early Swarms of healthy
Hybrid Bees; 308. during May, June 256.; on
rail; box returnable; orders in strict rotation. —
DELF, Great Yeldham, Ee^ex. d.l31

FOR SALE, four Stocks of Bees on eight frames,
1919 Queens, at 10s. per frame; box 10s.,
returnable.- DOUBLE, Orchard House, Walton-on-
Naze, Essex. d.l32

FINEST CLOVER HONEY, 15 lbs., 30s.
Swarms booked from stocks that have marked
immunity from disease.— NORTH, Cressing, Brain-
tree, Essex. d.l33

SIX double-walled Hives, painted this season, £1
each.— H. CRACKNELL, Mount Road, Thunders-
ley, Essex. d.l36

BEES FOR SALE.— Strong Stock, 10 frames
W.B.C. Hive, £6.— BATTERSHELL, Staun-
ton, Gloucester. d.l36

GEARED EXTRACTOR, mo cover, 30s.; 260
two beeway Sections, 17s. 6d.; 4 doz. 1-lb.
Honey Bottles, square white glass. 14s. ; "ABO
Bee-keeping," 1901 edition, 4s.— 73, St. John's Park,
Bla<;kheath, S.E.3. d.l37

SIX STOCKS ITALIAN BEES on 7-8 frames,
849. each; guaranteed.— Ennever, Oak Avenue,
Enfield. d.l38

FOR SALE, two very strong Stocks Hybrid
Italians in clean, newly-painted Hives, with
two racks of sections, £7 each. Can be seen by
appointment.— DR. CUFF, Woodside, Bookham.

d.l39

S

TRONG healthy Stock of Italian Bees, £4.—
15, Kelvin Avenue, Bowes Park, London. d.l40

THREE snrplufl lO-frame Stocks for Bale, 70s.
each,— PENTNEY, Hariestoa, Norfolk. da43

EXCHANGE, four Bee Hives, 40 Standard
Frames, and Swarm, for a good stock of Bees
on 10 frames, or sell £5.— T. GREEN, New Dale.
Wellington, Salop. ■ d.l41

eri LBS. Light Hampshire Down Honey, of first-
OU class quality. What offers for part or
whole?— S. G. LEIGH, Bxoughton. Hants. d.l42

■| Q GUARANTEED healthy Hybrid Italian
X^ stocks, Penna strain, £5 each.- J. YOUNGER,
6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.d.l46

ITALIAN HYBRID, healthy swarms. May and
June, 30s.— H. ROBINS, 290, Priory Road, St.
Denys, Southampton. r.d.l46

NATURAL MAY SWARMS, packed in straw
skep, free on rail, £2 each.— E. PRESSEY,
St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.d.l47

SEVEN e-frame lots of Italian Bees, Penna's
1920 Queens, 63s.; five 4-frame lots, 4Ss. each;^
carriage paid; delivery early June.— " Earldoms,"
Ridgeway. Enfield^ r.d.l48

CORRESPONDENCE COURSES in Bee-keeping,
— H. E. NEWTON, Brown House, Barton-on-
Sea, Hants. r.d.l57

ITALIAN QUEENS, 7s. 6d., and 3-frame Italian
Nucleus, 30s., booked for early delivery.—
YOUNG, 29, Central Road, Sudbury, Middlesex.

r.d.l58

WANTED, a Lecturer on Bees to accompany a
Demonstration Train for seven weeks, com-
mencing May 17. Sleep.ag accommodation and
food found.— Applications, with salary required, to
W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, W.B.C. Apiary, Old
Bedford Road, Luton. ^^^

SWARMS for Sale, May and June, very healthy
stocks, price 30s.— MRS. BARRY, Home
Place, Limpsfield^ r,d.98

GIVING UP BEE-KEEPING.— I am offering
three Stocks of Bees, six Hives, six Queen
Excluders, a quantity of drawn-out Shallow-
Combs, and all Appliances for bee-keeping.— A. S.
STORTON, 105. Preston Road, Coppull, near
Chorley, Lanes. d.l02

WANTED, for four weeks from about end of
August, Board and Residence for family of
four at a farm near South or South-East Cof«t;
bee-keeper and fruit grower preferred.— State
terms to Box 81, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street,
W.C.2. ; Q-105

FOR SALE, Italian Hybrids on 6 frames, 1919
Queens, £4, carriage paid; early Swarms, 358,
— LARMUTH, Hillside, Monahan Avenue, Pnpey-

d.l04

QAA SHALLOW wired Combe for Sale; no
OUU disease.— CRAWFORD, Apiaries, Castle-
derg, Co. Tyrone. T.C.^'i

WANTED, from August 22 to September 4, in
Cornwall or Devon, within 12 miles or so of
sea. Bedroom and Sitting Room, with shed for
motor car; farmhouse preferred. Can any Dee-
keeper oblige meP-W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

FOR SALE, two "Rotax Roadlight 267 " self-
contained Acetylene Motor Headlights, very
powerful, £6 the pair; one Exhaust Whistle, 10s.;
one Wood-Milne Motor Foot Pump, 40s,—
HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

FOR SALE, Geraniums, Scarlet CrampeL 6s.;
summer flowering Chrysanthemums, 29. 6d.;
Tomato Plants, strong, 3s. per dozen; early Bowm
Leeks, 3s.; Celery, 46. per 100; 50 same rate; car-
riage paid.— HALL, Highfield Lodge, Balderton.
Newark, Notta. r-Q-^^

PURE Light Cambridge Honey, 14-lb. tins,
22s. 6d.; 28-lb. tins, 42s., carriage paid;
sample 4d.; tins free.-J. YOUNOBE. 6, iMaidj
Causeway, Cambridge. r.axft

216

THE BRITISH BEE J-Qtmi^AL. ApHl 2§. 1920.

F

FOB SALE, 12 fitrong Stocke Italian Bees, abso-
lutely free of dieeaf^e, mostly 1919 QueenB, £5
each, on 10 standard frames (can have BOine hives
if desired).— THOS. G. WALKER, Symonds Hyde,
Hatfield, Herte. r.d.68

FOB SALE, Swarms, Englieii strain. Book now
for May and June— BBISTOW, 47, Auckland
Hill, West Norwood, Surrey. r.d.74

OB SALE, May and June Swarms, £2.—
KNOWLES, Thursley, Godalming. r.d.75

WANTED, port«ble Greenhouse.— Price and
pariicnlan to W. HEBBODHEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Boad, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Bear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HEBBOD-HEMPSALL, aa abore.

BUSUTESS ADVERTISEMEITTS.
lid. per word.

WANT any Queens, Nuclei, or Swarme, home-
raised Italians? Prices on application.—
BOOBIER, Bishopston, Swansea. d.l34

PURE Golden and three-band Italian Bees and
Queens; prolific and gentle; the ideal bee for
pleasure and profit.— COOMBER. 64, Ronald Park
Avenue, Westclifl, Essex. d.l44

"TSLE OF WHITE" DISBASE.-Don't worry;
JL use the solution that cures; 26. per bottle. —
E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Coulsdon.

1Q9n PURE Fertile Italian Golden Queens,
A.O^\J guaranteed imported direct from Italy;
regular supplies throughout the season from second
week in May; 14s. each; specially selected, 17e. 6d.
— GOODARE, Italian Queen Specialist, New Cross,
Wednesfield. r.d.160

PURE Italian Queens, fertile. Now booking
orders for my selected Queens, bred for
quality and hardiness. Orders executed in rota-
tion. Price lOs. 6d. each. Book now.— SHERRY,
Queen Rearing Apiary, Wallflat, Tarbolton, Ayr-
shire. d.l61

PENNA has sent me two specially selected 1919
Breeding Queens. Spare Virgins from these
mothers, 4s. ; spare Fertiles, crossed with Bozzalla
(Ligurian) drones, Ss. ; best only; real 4-frame
Nuclei with I.Q., ready July, £2 10s.; in rotation;
25 per cent, cash with order.— PATRICIA,
Grammar School, Doncaster. r.d.l62

PENNA ITALIAN QUEENS, direct from
Bologna. We have bought all the June, July,
August, and September Penna Queens not already
booked, and will distribute them S/i Penna's adver-
tised prices.— S. H. SMITH, 50, Maid's Causeway,
Cambridge. d.l53

NUCLEI during summer from apiaries run on
modern lines; never had any disease; isolated
apiaries for mating Italians, imported 1919; Natives
bred by selection; 3-frame, £2 10s.; 4-frame, £3;
carriage paid; boxes free; quantity limited; cash
before despatch.— R. DOUPE, Maam, Co. Galway.

d.lb4

BEES ON APPROVAL.— We guarantee our Bees
and Queens to give complete satisfaction.
Catalogue 3d., which is returned on first order. —
PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. d.l56

HOW TO KEEP TOUR BEES HEALTHY!
Valuable advice, 5s.— ALFD. BTALL, Ken-
wood Apiary, Elcombe, near Stroud. d.ll6

ALBERT HOPKINS, Specialist Breeder and
Importer Italian Bees; 23 years' practical
epicultural experience. Guaranteed strong,
healthy Stocks and Nuclei. Prices strictly
moderate. List on application.— Woodland Valley
Aoiary Lymlnge, Folkeetone. r.d.ll7

NUCLEI, 3-trame, Penna's 1920 Queen, 658.; best
Hybrids. 45s.; carriage paid; early delivery;
Penna's Queen, 14e. Cash with order.— MOOBE,
$1, Moamouth Boad, Dorchester. rAAli

BEES from reliable disease-resisting strain; 3-
and 4-frame Nuclei and Swarms, also Queena.
for early delivery.— CANDY, Worth Park Apiary,
Crawley, Sussex. r.d.l21

FOB SALE. May and June Swarms.— DEAB,
Funtington, Chichester, Sussex. d.iao

3-FBAME NUCLEI, 45s.; 4-frame, 55s.; Penna
Italian 1920 Queens; May- June delivery; boxes
lOs.. returnable; warranted perfectly healthy.
" W.B.C." Hives and Apiary Applies for Sale.—
C. HOGAN, Boxford, Suffolk. ^.124

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time Bee
Flarmer.— Terms on application to C. B.
BABTLETT, Sandford, Mount Charlbury, Oxon.

d.l27

UTOH AND DUTCH-ITALIAN 4^BAME
NUCLEI, May-June delivery, orders in rota-
tion, £3 3s.; casih with order; carriage paid. See
B.B.J., February 26, page 99, Conference of British
Bee-keepers re Legislation. Bead wihat the
greatest experts say : Dutch-Italian Hybrids bad
been tried. The result was they were quite con-
vinced they stand up against disease better than
pure races. They hop^ in a few years that a
number of these little strangers will be withiu. our
gates. Also, it was worth while putting one's
money on this strain— Dutch-Italian Hybrids.—
SEALE, Ashley Cottage, Oatlands Drive, Walton-
on-Tihames, Surrey. r.d.KL

TNVICTA KENT BEES.— Nuclei for Sale. Write
-L for particulars, then, if satisfied, send 2s. 6d.
deposit with order, balance June 1.— EDWABD
GBI ST WOOD, Cheriton, Folkestone. Same address
17 years. r.d.85

ISSES PALING AND PILLANS having
combined and enlarged their Apiaries, are
now prepared to book orders for strong 3-frame
Italian Nuclei, massed with brood and bees, headed
with 1920 Penna Queens or 1920 Queens of their
own rearing from best selected Italian strains, £3,
carriage paid. Speciality made in rearing choice
Italian fertile Queens, 12s.; Virgins, 6s. Bednc-
tion on quantities. Pupils taken. — Qx)lden Square,
Henfield, Sussex. r.d.84

3-FBAiME ITALIAN NUCLEI, frames crowded
with sealed brood. 1920 Queen, no disease,
£3 3s.; box 10s., returnable; carriage paid; cash
with order. Initial cost slightly more than for
some nuclei, but worth it. Satisfaction gua.ranteed
or money returned. Pull particulars free.— E. H.
TUNMEB, "Chalfonts," Leiston, Suffolk. r.d.83

HAVE YOU WINTEBED 100 PEB CENT.?
If not, your strain must be wrong. Booking
orders now for delivery June onwards. Hardy
disease-resisting, home-reared Italians; splendid
honey gatherers. Three-frame Nuclei, 1920 Qu^n,
price £3 58., carriage paid ; 7s. 6d. refunded on box
if returned carriage paid Saxilby Station. Terms :
Cash with order. I will refund 10s. on all orders
not despatched before July 1.— HEBBEBT
VALLEY, Apiarist, Saxilby, Lincoln. r.d.92

HAVE YOU BEAD "THE BEE WOBLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itsell is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

OBDEBS booked, for 3-frame Nuclei, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. List for
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. CBACKNELL,
Mount Boad, Thundersley, Essex. r.d.27

BOZZALLA tented Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
logue from H. STIOH. Biccartsbar Avenue,
Paisley. r-c.ll6

ITALIANS.- Queens, 6e. Book now. Stamp.—
HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sldcup. r.d.90

PENNA strain Italian Queens, from June 7.—
ASHWOBTH, The Bungalow, Weymoutili
, street, Warmiiuit«r. rxM

April 2§, 1920. TH1& SRII^ISfi BEE JQtTfiNAt

111

WATERPROOF RUBBER BHBBTS for cover-
ing onthooses, etc., 72in. by 36iB., braes
eyeleta, 12 for 208.-SAaAR8 STORES, Ardwick.
Manchester, r.b.l6

Italian Stocks.

OUR 10-bar Italian Stocks are now ready for
delivery. Free from disease. Casli witli
order. Carriage paid.— D. ALLBON & 00.. Sunny-
aide, Hitcliin. d.l23

BEE FLOWER SEEDS.

Collection of six best Varieties, Is,, post free.

Beautifully Illustrated, Instructive,

Up-to-date Garden Guide, 64 pages. Free.

KNIGHT'S,

Seed Specialists, WOLVERHAMPTON.

HIVES AND AI.I. YOUR BEQUXKEMISNTS.

Quality A. Quick delivery.

Write for prices to—

L. ANDREWS & CO.,

Joinery and Carving Works,

78a, Westqate, Fetgebobouoh.

d.l26

Dutch Bees.

I have been appointed Sole Agent for Hans
Matthes, the Dutch Bee Farmer who supplied the
British Government la^t season with Skeps for
their County Re-stockii>g Scheme. Hans Matthes
also supplied me with what Skeps I required last
year.

Last autumn I got a large consignmeat over
from Holland, and am presently wintering these
at my Apiary here.

To those desirous of testing these Dutch Bees, I
will be pleased to send on my Illustrated Cata-
logue, containing much wiformation regarding
the hardiness, prolificacy, disease-resisting, and
honey-gathering characteristics of tiiis race of bee.

Address—

R. WHYTE,

The Bee Farm,

Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.

BOWENA
italianN
hybridsv

book: now KOFt
8 Comb Colonies
€ I, .,

3 ,, Nuclei

a^aY r)--i^iVH;R. JiTtistic
... 45/- Free ::

Lt. A. H. Bowen, Bee & Queen Specialist, Coronation Rd., Gheltenham.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON, 5

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

6i

RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

2/6 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The_ cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight ' Disease.

Non-poisonous— free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES. LTD.,

39, Farringdon Road, London, E.C 1.

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17 x 14 x 12. Sample by post 6d.)

XHB APIARY, BROMI^E^Y, KE^P^T.

IT THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL'. :A.priI 29, 1920.

HIVES.

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality — THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

" Everything for an Apiary.**
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland,

(Protected)

The latest invention in Scientific hive
equipment.

0 0 0

Cbe metal foundation §

n

a

Durable ^ Economic ^ Sterilisable X\

0 0 0

An Ideal compromise between the Metal
Comb and the Wax Foundation.

0 0 0

For further details and prices, send for y^

our 1920 ILLUSTRATED CATA- M

LOGUE, post free on application. It con' Y\

tains detailed information on the most )^

up-to-date hives and appliances for which W

the House of Lee is famous. w

»* Five per cent discount to Members of W

THE APIS CLUB. g

-cx^xgxgxSx)-

n

JAMES LEE & SON, g

LTD., ^

Uxbridge, Middlesex, ^

(Telegrams: Graphicly, Uzbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) W

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

S^d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

^ Commercial (16' x 10') frames and brood boxes stocked.

Printed by the Avenue Press (L. Upoott Gitt & Son, Ltd), 6M7, Drtjry Lane, London, W.C, ako

PUBLISHBD POE THE PeOPBIKTOE (W. HeEEOD- HeMPSALL). IY SiMPKIN. MAESHALL, HAMILTON,

Kent & Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, Paibemosicb Bow, E.O.

S&ittAb fitfe iovtnki iHh fitc*EltPfe&«' AOTtstft, May 6, 1926.

2 7 1920

@»n TWC owikn.FLS. |
and' J.Herrod-
Hcmpsall.FES.

b

a' JBcc-Jr^ccpcrs
Adviser.

cCWeekly Journal Devoted
the Interests oj

Bcc-Kecpers.

No. 1976. Vol. XLVIII

MAY 6, 1920.

\T\ib\x%Ktd. •v»rv Thur$d»y, Frloa 8d.

cor^'XE^Mors.

PAGE

The Use op Two Brood Chambers 217

" Farm Life " and the Isle op Wight Bee-
keepers' Association 217

A DoitsET Yarn 218

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 219

Runcorn Notes 220

Sussex Scraps 220

Questions for Bee-keepers 221

Notes on Bee-keeping - 222

Supply of Italian Queens, 1920 223

To Wiltshire Bee-keepers ' 224

PAGE

Pontepract and District Bee-keepers 224

GfuiLDFORD AND DISTRICT B.K.A 224

Kent B.K.A 224

Royal Show Fund 224

Correspondence—

Natural Stores v. Sugar Feeding 225

School Bee Clubs 225

Wiring Frames 225

Co-operative Bee Clubs 226

Notices TO Correspondents 226

Bee Shows to Come 226

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYGOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 years.

"Tliisisadrawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exactly as bees
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with wax,
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce wax for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
Each comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send for Catalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Catalogue pott fiee

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO., of U.S.A.

Sole Manufacturer and LicenseEi

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN. HERTS.

u

THE BRITISH BEE JDUIINAL.

May 6, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

BSTIBLIBHID 1873.

A. Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests ol Bee-keepers.

-dlted by T. W. COWAJT. F.Ii.S., &c.,
and J. HEBltOD-KIlSa:PSAI.X;i, TJi.S.

OoFPespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Salra«rlptions« - Annual Subscription,
lOs. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^4. post free. If a receipt Lb required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Honey. — Kemittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounta up to 2s.
Halfpennif stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertifiers in Qie paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEMe

Yoo are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing witb strangers.

Bules aDd Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatcJied until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of ^
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
^fe return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempeall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loea that may
oecar In trajuit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey trill be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In orderinir. t^e time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
ca«h until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.- These are at the seller'e
riekf i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Postage

A Modern Bee Farm 7/6 ... 6d.

ABC&XYZof Bee Culture

(Koot) 15/6 ... 9d.

Advanced Bee Culture

(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 6d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Peilett) 5/- ... 4d.
BEE-KEEPING SXMFI.IFIED

FOR THE COTTAGER AXD

SMAXlOZOIiDER (W. HebbjOD-

Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/. ... lid.

BEE-KEEPERS' PRACTICAI.

NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... Ifd.
BRITISH BEE • KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan> 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)
Dissectible Model of Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3a.

FERTII.ISATION OF FRUIT

BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) ... -/3 ... Id.

Fifty Years Among the Bees

(Miller) 6/- ... 5d.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) -/2 ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock) ... 5/- ... Od.

Management of Out Apiaries 3/- ... 3d.
Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Coanmercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hoopek, F.R.H.S.) -/6 ... id.
PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

Hereod-Hempsau,, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-

LETT) 10/6 ... 6d.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing

(Doolittlk) 4/- ... 3d.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ,.. Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.
Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... lid.

MISCEX.I.ANEOUS.
Maeterlinck's Iiife of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.
The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(Ticknek Edwardes) 2/- ... 8d.

THE BEE WORI.D (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested In the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... Id.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

.23, bbdfobd Stebbt, steand, London, wxj.«.

May 6, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

217

The Use of Two Brood
Chambers.

We promised last week to make a few
notes on the letter on size of frames
(10174, p. 213) by Mr. Morris. We have
not yet read any argument to cause us
to alter our statement with regard to the
space between two sets of brood combs
hindering the queen. We have not, and
do not now say the space will make no
difference. How much it hinders will de-
pend partly on the queen. We have more
than once known queens penetrate and
spoil two racks of sections, and we venture
to think any queen that will do this, or
even go up into one rack of sections,
would not allow the space between two
sets of frames to hinder her activities in
the slightest degree. The matter is easily
tested. Let any bee-keeper put on a super
of sliallow combs without a queen excluder,
and see how long it will be before the
queen goes up. To carry the argument a
little further, let us consider the expan-
sion of the brood nest from the time breed-
ing commences in the early weeks of the
year. The queen will be somewhere in
the centre of the cluster of bees, and will
there commence to lay. The area of comb
containing eggs and brood gradually ex-
pands, the cells on one side of the two
combs facing each other being utilised.
After a time the patches of brood extend
to the limit covered by the cluster of bees.
Normally this cluster is spherical, and
may extend over three or four combs, but
will not cover them to the ends. As the
brood area increases, bees from the outer
combs must come towards the centre, so
that the cluster becomes elongated parallel
with the combs, but eventually a limit to
this form of expansion is reached, and it
becomas necessary for the queen to transfer
her activities to the other side i;f one of
the combs. How is this to be done? It
is very seldom there is a bee-way through
the comb, so the queen must either go over
the top bar — if there is a bee space — or
under the bottom, or round the end of
the comb. To requote Dadant, from top
of second column of Mr. Morris's letter :
" It is true they finally do it, but how
much time is lost in hesitating and hunt-
ing can hardly be guessed." The logical
conclusion would appear to be that an
ideal home for the bees would consist bf
two combs only, the inner portion to be
used for brood rearing, and the outsides
for honey. The same thing goes on all
summer, but the queen is prevented from'
going over the frames, first by a close-

fitting quilt, and later by a, queen ex-
cluder, unless the latter is in a frame.
Which is the greater impediment — to
travel up or down a distance at the very
utmost of 1^ in., or over a sti'etch of
comb, possibly containing honey, round an
end, or bottom bar of the frame, and back
an even further distance on the other
side of the comb? " It is true they finally
do it," but we are not in the least con-
vinced that the space between top and
bottom bars is the hindrance it is some-
times claimed to be. Our greatest objec-
.tion to two brood chambers is still the
difficulty of manipulation, especially when
it is necessary to find the queen.

J. H. H.

**Farm Life" and the Isle of
Wight Bee-Keepers' Association.

It is not often that contemporary publi-
cations take the trouble to rap the
knuckles, of those who show their ignor-
ance of bee-keeping, and also fail to
appreciate the Government's endeavour
to foster thie industry. The following
is the copy of a resolution proposed by
Mr. J. W. Gillespy, at the annual meet-
ing of the Isle of Wight B ee-keepers'
Association : —

Following the aniiounoement bty (the
hon. secretary that the Education Com-
mittee would receive orders for pure
Italian queen bees imported by the Board
of Agriculture with the object of securing
a healthy stock of bees, Mr. J. W.
Gillespy moved that a resolution be sent
to the Bee-keepers' Association in London
and the Board of Agriculture absolutely
condemning such importations. He said
the idea of putting Italian queen bees
with Dutch varieties to form a useful
and healthy stock was sheer humbug.
They wanted no foreign bees at all.
They liad the best bees in the world, and
if they were properly looked after there
was no great danger from the disease.
The crossing of Italian and Dutch bees
would produce the most vicious and use-
less stock possible (hear, hear). — Mr.
Lewis seconded, and the proposition was
carried.

He is taken to task in Farm Life,
the John Bull of agricultural journals in
"The Epistles of Giles " in the following
amusing and candid letter, to which, w.e
say, ■" serves him right."
To Mr. J. W. Gillespy, Bee Expert,
Isle of Wight.

Dear Mr. Gillespy, — If people who
live in glass houses shouldn't throw
stones, neither should people who live in
the Isle of Wight make sweeping remarks
about bee disease and its treatment.

Although I fancy tbat the Isle of Wight

218

THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRKAL. May 6> 1920.

disease was first discovered in modern
times in Buckingliamshir.e and not in the
island at all.

They say it was known a long time
before that, however.

A learned friend once told me that a
bald-headed old gentleman with whiskers,
called Homer, was very much upset by
the condition of his apiary some thousands
of years ago.

He wrote verse on it, I believe.

They say that the people round about
Hymettus were nearly as worried about
it then as they are to-day at 4, White-
hall Place and -72, Victoria Street.

And they had no Herrod-Hempsall tO'
get them out of their difficulties.

Nor (still worse luck) had they anyone
so wise as Mr. J. W. Grillespy to tell them
what not to do.

Some folks collect butterflies ; some
algae: I have made a hobby of collecting
bee-keepers.

They are the most amusing little
creatures imaginable — ©specially when
they perform at flower shows inside
those large gauze nets.

Ultra- patriotic bee-ikeiepers are ■even
funnier than the other sort.

I am not quite clear whether you are
merely an Isle of Wight sort of patriot
or a moralist.

Nor do I understand the exact sense in
which you use the word "vicious" as
applied to Italian and Dutch bees.

I have kept both kinds myself and
found them thoroughly respectable.

Naturally, I agree with you that our
native black or brown bees are the best
in the World — or rather they were, before
they were dead.

But when you say "we want no foreign
bees at all," will you kindly in future
speak only for yourself. Most of us have
foreign bees or none.

The Ministry of Agriculture has been
more- than justified in its bee policy.

This policy .iudged merely as a part of
the fruit production programme of the
country must have returned thousands
of times its own cost.

A year ago a few silly old gentlemen
might have taken some notice of what
you say on the subject.

Nobody who knows anything about
bees will do so to-day.

The Ministry, if it has not actually
saved the honey industry here from ex-
tinction, has taken a worthy part in
stimulating it to renewed activity.

In short, I disagree with you entirely.

This will not astonish you, perhaps.

Did you ever know any bee-keeper to
agree with any other bee-keeper on any
point except the entire ignorance of a
third bee-keeper.

But then in the North Country, I
understand, they have a theory that no-
body ever keeps bees unless he has " a
little bit off the top."

Your fellow bee-keeper,

Giles.

A Dorset Yarn.

Flowers for bees at the farm are still
at their best. Lane's Prince Albert
apples are opening, early flowering ones
are loosing their petals, the need of the
alluring colouring has passed ; Northern
Spy, another late apple, has not showed
a coloured petal yet, but they are alwaj's
late in opening. Bees are on fruit trees
and bushes all the time. A 200-yards
line of Limanthes Douglassi (sent me by
Mr. Harwood), plants 15 in. across, full
of flower, but not a hee on it; rasps and
currants have the bees all the time. As
soon as the flowers open bees are with
them, but why they should not go to the
Limanthes as soon as the flowers are open
ii a problem too difiicult for me. Last
year in May it seemed to have a bee in
every flower. A breadth of turnip the
other side of the hedgerow has thousands
of them on the flowers.; they all seem to
go with the greatest number. They have
hot left the gooseberries; they seem to
want to get all the nectar from every
late flower.

We took out two bars of fresh-gathered
honey. It was not entirely finished, but
the greater part was capped ; the flavour
was excellent, but it would have been
difficult to extract, it was so very thick.
When cut out and still warm, it did not
readily run out of the cells; it must be
from willow and gooseberries, as that is
the most early bloom they could get.
Under a powerful glass the shiny nectar
can be seen in both currant and goose-
berry; each has the five petals, the small
sepals, and five stamens, with the one
pistil ; the shiny substance cannot be fine
rain or dew, as the flowers are pendulous;
could not see any in the Limanthes — it
may want age in the blossom to develop
the" nectar. It is so with fruit blossom :
many of the stamens that carry the pollen
have passed their best before the pistili-
ferous organ is perfect for fertilisation.
The Limanthes open upright to the hea-
vens; they would have the fine rains in
the blossoms. Bees know their business
of food hunting better than the Dorset
yarner. Cows always go to the best pas-
ture first. Homes will eat very close some
parts of the fields, and leave large patches
severely alone. Bees go to the flowers
where they know there is abundance of
nectar; when the best is over they will
go to what is next best. Still, it is most

May 6, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

219

interesting to see the plants that bees like
at different seasons.

The deduction I make is that certain
flowers have nectar as soon as they open,
and that others want age, or sunshine,
to develop the nectar in the blossoms. We
have nO' real warm sunshine this season,
and the bees have not had so many fine
days to get stores. Those of us who have
fruit blossom close to the hives are for-
tunate. A bee-keeper in Parkstone writes
that his bees are short of food, his first
lot in a skep, and he is afraid that they
will go under. He has just bought a bar
hive for £3. He naturally does not want
to lose his bees, but in the heather dis-
tricts there is not the early food for bees,
and they will not go far from the hives
when the weather is not fair. He must
feed them, if there is a lot of brood to
cover and weather is against them search-
ing, and the queen will not lay a great
number of eggs.

Bees ,are building up ; ^^e have only one
lot working in sections, but freely on bars,
yet all the racks had some sections with
honey in them, and many partly drawn
out, that were left from last year. One
lot which is very strong (a late swarm)
has had a rack on all the winter; there
were only a few in the centre that were
capped, the others only partly filled. The
capped ones were not emptied, but the
others were emptied and the honey car-
ried below. The only covering this lot
had was a Porter escape board on top of
the rack ; it now has a glass cover, so
that the bees may be seen. It shows that
great quantities of nectar are used for*
the brood in the month of April.

One lot of Italians are covering a rack
of standard bars above the brood chamber,
but a very small belt of honey on the tops
of brood bars; they seem to fill every
available space with brood. I am antici-
pating a fine lot of surplus from these. —
J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Not all the cold winds and occasional
night frosts have succeeded in holding
the bean blossoms in check. They are
flowering apace, their pungent perfume
fills the air, and the bees are unable to
resist visiting them. Every opportunity
is seized by our insect friends to go
forth and gather food for themselves and
their youn^. Warm spells come along
now and again, giving the bees time to
take their fill and carry a little home.
Very strong stocks are even able to con-
tinue storing in the supers. Those of us
who want a swarm or two will not have
to wait long as soon as the weather im-
proves, which it will do soon. In this I

part of the country we are hoping that
the change in the weather will be
gradual. A sudden change to hot, sunny
days will bake the crust of the ground,
crack the pasture lands, an5 cripple
growth in field and meadow.

I've met with Maypest this year for
the first time in my experience. It was
quite pathetic to watch the afflicted
insects in their struggles to take flight.
They climb blades of grass, and attempt
to take wing, but they fail and fall to
the ground. After repeating the process
two or three times they give it up, and
crawl aimlessly ahout. Poor things —
night comes on, they cluster together and
die. This is a disease that will yield to
treatment; it will even pass from a hive
without special attention ; but it should
not be treated too lightly. Many people,
I find, have been distressed by this same
complaint this year. To see bees crawl-
ing about is enough to make a bee-lover's
heart sink ; at once one dreads the worst,
and fears " I.O.W." disease, and what
a relief it is when one can assure them
that it is something not quite so serious.

Some months back I mentioned the
Holmewood strain of bees. May I once
more ask all who have any stocks of this
interesting bee to be so good as to com-
municate with me. Exchanging of
queens, or swarms, might be arranged,
which should benefit all parties con-
cerned.

" Where ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly
to be wise." How true! The latest type
of ignorance is a man , who claims to
know something of bees, having ordered
an Italian queen through the Ministry
of Agriculture, and is declaring that the
queen and her attendant bees only need
to be placed in a small hive or box and
they will build up a stock. I hope no
other person- will be foolish enough to
attempt this ; it passes comprehension
that the most uninitiated person should
think such a thing possible. It is mo.st
surprising the ignorance one comes
across now and again. A man asked a
little while, ago which was the best day
to go to London. Ho had never been to
London, and he was honing to go soon;
could I tell hirii which was London's
busiest day. Evidently his idea of the
great citv is that it is a glorified market
town. We can smile at this, but when
ignorance enters the bee world one feels
sad. Hasten the day when our Countv
Councils or Education Committees will
take steps to give at least elementary
instruction in bee craft.

I sec in one of our daily papers some
one writes to say that the " Isle of
Wight " disease is de.scribed in Virgil's
" Georgics." To what does he allude?
Virgil was a great writer and a fair ob-

220

THE BRITISH BEE JOTJENAL.

May 6, 1920.

server, but one would not feel inclined
to follow a man who had not discovered
the origin of a swarm. Granting bees in
Virgil's day were carnivorous, it is quite
certain that he hadn't discovered that
the bee and the drone fly were distinct
species of insects. Fancy bringing a fat
young ox to get a swarm of bees ! Oxen
must have been cheap in Virgil's day !

Silly letters to the Press do not help
bee craft; they only bring ridicule upon
the writer, unless, indeed, which may be
not iinlikely, such writers delight in
pulling the Editor's leg.

At the moment of writing a strong
south-westerly gale is blowing, yet the
bees seem happy enough. The wind,,
though strong, is warm. One feels sorry
for those bee-keepers farther . north,
where south-westerly winds invariably
mean rain. I would say cheer up ! there
is a good time coming, and with sugar
prices soaring honey should be in great
demand this year. — E. E. Hemming,
Steeple Gidding.

Runcorn Notes.

Bees working in shallow frames in
Huntingdonshire, Mr. Kettle antici-
pating plenty of sections in May, and
The Times trotting out the announcement
of a swarm from a hive in South Bucks
last week are enough to make one break
the tenth commandment, especially as
one's own bees have only had four days
in five weeks in which they could be really
busy, and are still closely acquainted with
a feeder. Perhaps our time will come
later on; at any rate, I hope so. I
wonder how friend Lythgoe of Padgate,
i<5 faring? He is not more than ten
miles distant, but he is not so near the
chemical factories of Widnes. "What dif-
ference does that make? Why, just this :
One's bees are busy on some particular
blossoms. The wind shifts to N.N.W. (a
favourite quarter for it to blow from
here), and the biting, acid-laden fumes
from a hundred-and-one tall chimneys
smite the tender blossoms like a curse.
They shrivel up and die almost in a night,
and that source of honey-isupply is gone,
and the tender leaves in the beautiful
green dress of spring look as if one had
been throwing scalding water over them.
Some trees withstand this better than
others. Pear-trees resist it much better
than apple or plum. Sycamore are great
sufferers, so are the beautiful horse-
chestnuts. One has to bear these things
and keep on smiling, draw what comfort
one can from being told " it's not nearly
so bad as it used to be," and fervently
wish that the wind keeps south of west
and east.

Re Mr. Kettle on the honey-yielding

quality of the common willow. I remem-
ber, when I lived in a " land of rivers of
■water," and the " willows by the water-
courses " were a distinctive feature of
the landscape, my bees fairly loved them,
forsaking plums and pears to gather the
salicylic-acid impregnated nectar from
the genus Salix. I have noticed the
peculiar odour of this drug in hives where
this honey has been stored in quantity-
Has anyone else?

Mr. Hipkins' observations and remarks
are worth noting. Most people, bee-
keepers included, are very apt to form
conclusions fixjm incomplete observations.
It is always wise to make sure of all ap-
parent facts before drawing conclusions.
We have all heard the yarns he quotes,
and have, some of us, gone to the trouble
of disproving them; but the average
reader of the daily Press would not.

That it is time some decisive steps were
taken to have all honey exposed for sale
labelled with the country of origin, and,
in the case of British honey, probable
source from which gathered. I offered
soine honey to a greengrocer lately, who
readily bought it, and told me he had
some while since bought £20 worth of
" Antwerp honey" in kegs. He showed
me a sample. It was beastly stuff. I
doubt whether my bees would have had
it if fed to them. Yet it was retailed at
2s. per lb. Definite weight of package
ought also to be insisted on. — D. J. Hem-
ming, Runcorn.

Sussex Scraps.

The bee-keepers in that corner of
Sussex which is the part of Tunbridge
Wells known as Broadwater Down (the
rest of the town being in the county of
Kent) number six, and muster a total of
twenty-three hives. Some of us, myself
being one, are only beginners, but we are
all tremendously keen. We are very well
favoured in the matter of " honey-coun-
try," as there are many large gardens
around, with plenty of fruit-trees and
flowers, many fields containing white
clover, a glorious avenue of lime-trees,
and a mile and a half away there is a
tract of heather-land, known as Broad-
water Forest. Last year the drought in
early summer, and a rather rainy fort-
night when the lime blossom was out,
somewhat militated against a good crop of
honey, but some hives gave us a return of
from 30 to 40 lbs. We did our best to
keep our bees as Italian as possible, but
our young queens seem to have found
drones of another colour on their mating
flights, as most of the stocks now show
very little sign of Italian blood. We know
of three lots of " wild " bees in a house
roof and hollow trees not far away, so

May 6, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTTENAL.

221

perhaps they were responsible for this
change. I learnt one or two lessons by
sad experience last year. One was this —
when removing a super at the end of the
season from a hive well crowded with bees
always put another super in its place to
provide room for the bees. Omitting to
do this to two hives which I had Porter-
boarded the same Saturday, I found on
my return home the following Monday
morning that, obviously owing to the
congestion in the hives, large swarms had
departed. It was rather late to rear
queens, so I purchased two, but they had
laid no eggs by the closing-down time for
the winter, so the stocks are none too
strong at the present time.

In order to get full advantage of the
heather on Broadwater Forest I took a
hive over there in August, but my method
of transit — viz., a hand-cart — proved so
shaky and jolty that I think the bees in
alarm must have balled the queen, as
there was no sign of her presence from
that day forward, so this hive had to be
re-queened, and as a result it also was
not up to such full strength as one would
like to see for wintering. Next time I
shall adopt the more restful method of
transit for the bees which I used in bring-
ing them home, viz., slinging the hive be-
tween two bicycles, one of which a friend
pushed along.

I had a great adventure one bitterly,
freezing, cold day. I was moving a
single-walled hive, with the help of a lad,
to another part of my garden, when, un-
fortunately, he dropped his end, and the
hive fell to the ground on its side, the
roof came off, and all the frames of comb
fell out. Luckily, I had a new vacant
W.B.C. hive which I speedily brought to
the scene of the disaster, and transferred
to it all the tumbled combs except one,
which had broken away from the frame
in the fall. After packing it up, I brought
the hive indoors, and stood it in front of
a fire for an hour, in order to get the
temperature up, having placed perforated
zinc over the entrance, and then with a
hot-water bottle on top of them, I put
the bees back into the garden. Many of
them came out for a flight on a warm day
since, so I conclude that all is well. The
number of casualties at the time was very
small, so I came off better than I deserved !

By the way, having read that after a
fortnight's incarceration bees can be
safely moved to a new stand, I tried
moving three hives to another part of the
garden after the inmates had had three
weeks of incarceration owing to the cold
and wet weather. I put laurel boughs
near the entrances to warn the bees that
" something was up," but when they came
out one warm day back they went to the
old positions, so I had to hastily replace

the hives to where they were before.
Moral — Don't believe everything you read
about bees.

One of my most exciting mornings last
year was when I made the discovery, in
examining a hive from which a swarm had
just issued, that there were no fewer than
fourteen young queens just out, or just
about to come out, of their cells ! It was
very sad not having kingdoms (or queen-
doms) for them to go to, but, anyway, I
was able to make use of two of them.

Well, we are hoping for great things
this year. Some of us are keen on the
idea of larger frames and metal founda-
tion, but the need of having to get new
hives in order to use the larger frames
seems to be inevitable, so I fear we can't
do anything in that direction yet awhile.
I have read that deeper frames are not
considered satisfactory, as the combs are
likely to sag and break with the extra
weight, or else one might use ekes under
the'brood boxes. "We should much value
your opinion on this subject. — J. F. A.
WicKSTEED, 43, Broadwater Down, Tun-
bridge Weils.

[The combs in deeper frames are no
more likely to sag or break than those in
the longer frames. — Eds.]

Questions, etc., for Bee-Keepers
for Self-Examination.

(Students are recommended to write
their answers, and check them after-
wards hy reference to hooks.)

493. — State the object and describe
exactly the method of fitting foundation
in sections, whether full sheets or other-
wise.

494. — How are combs uncapped for
extracting? Explain as to a beginner.

495. — Describe a division board, and
state the circumstances in which it is
used.

496. — What sources of pollen and of
nectar are the earliest in the year in your
locality?

497. — Mention the conditions which
must be present when an artificial swarm
is made.

498. — ^What may be expected to happen
to a colony should it lose its queen in
winter?

499 .—Compare the different kinds of
bees from the point of view of the bee-
keeper who works for sections only.

500. — Why is it considered preferable
M^hen giving an additional super to a hive
to place it next to the brood chamber?

501. — ^What are the sources of honey-
dew?

502. — Make notes for a 15-minute
lecture to beginners on " The Choice of
Form of Hive. J. L. B.

222

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

May 6, 1920.

Notes on Bee Keeping.

When one wants to examine a stock o'f
bees, it is quite a perplexity sometimes
to know where to termporarily rest a frame
of comb and bees after removal from a
hive; especially is this so when the hives
are not made large enough to allow a
space outside the division board. Should
a oomb and bees be rested on the grass by
the side of the hive quite a number of the
younger members of the stock are left on
the ground — possibly the queen. There is
a comb-stand on the market to hang on
the side of the hive, but this has the same
disadvantage as resting on the grass' — the
queen is apt to drop on the ground. It
will, therefore, be found handy to have a
frame-stand to span the top of brood

very serious accident; in fact, it is so at
any time.

A colony of bees that have lost their
queen can be detected from outside as
easily as from inside appearance, except
when the season is late; it is then rather
difficult. When a queen is lost or removed
from a hive almost immediately the bees
become restless, running up and down in
all directions on the alighting board, fly-
ing a short distance from their hive and
returning again at once; they seem to be
in search of something they cannot find.
Should there be any young larvae or eggs
in the' hive, the bees will not carry on this
search for anv considerable time, but will
commence making queen-cells with a view
to rearing young queens, and when they
have nO' chance of rearing a queen owing

chamber. Should the bees, or queen, drop
off, they then fall back into the hive
again. Owing to the unfavourableness of
the above-mentioned stand, I designed a
home-made comb-stand, made of ^-in.
wood, to grip the top of brood chamber
by four screw hooks, two on each^side of
the stand, 1 in. from the bottom, inside,
and 2 in. apart. By kind permission of
the Editor, I enclose a rough sketch of
the stand, with all dimensions, should any
reader care to make one. Any novice in
carpentering can easily make one at very
little expense. This homc-mado appliance
enables the bee-keeper to spray both sides
of the comb a.nd bees without removing,
and make.s an examination of comb^ bees,
and brood quite easy, with both hands
free. The loss of a queon from a hive
before the honey-flow takes place is a

to the larvae being too advanced, as would
be the case when a virgin queen is lost
from a hive which has recently swarmed,
they are uneasy for the rest of their exist-
ence. They simply hang around the en-
trance, no work is done, a fit of laziness
seems to peo-vade the whole hive, pollen
is rarely carried in, or, if it is, in very
small quantities, the pellets being about
quarter the size. The bees instead of
leaving the hive with a quick dart, list-
lesslv craiwl out, just take a little turn
round, and make back again, no rushing
or tumbling over each other as with a
colony in a normal state,. but a drowsy,
sleepy look seems to possess the whole com-
munity. Of course, queens sometimes die
naturally in winter, but upon the hive
being opened in spring, the absence of
eggs, or brood, is a sure sign that the bees
are without their queen, and is easily
noticeable even by the most casual
observer. — P. Lythgoe, Padgate, War-
rington, ,Lancs.

May 6, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAL.

223

The Apis Club.

I was verv pleased to read in tlie
British Bee Journal of April 15, the
Editorial which spoke so strongly in
favour of the " research, educational and
co-operative institute" known as the
Apis Club. There is always a great deal
of thankless spade work to be done in
promoting a new oganisation, and curi-
ously enough there are many persons who
either damn such a proposal with faint
praise, or who endeavour to strangle it
in its infancy by callous aloofness. Con-
sequently the help and encouragement
given to the promoters of the Apis Club
by your Journal must prove gratifying
in the extreme to them.

It is probable that most of those who
have attended the conversaziones of the
British Bee-keepers' Asslociation, will
agree with me that the great attraction
of these gatherings is not so much the
paper read, or the discussion which ensues
thereon, but rather the opportunity which
is provided for having a chat with old bee-
keeping friends, and for meeting from
time to time those with whom we are only
familiar by name as a result of seeing
their articles in bee-keeping -jourmals.
Personally I find the time available for
friendly chats at these pleasant reunions
is always far too short, and I think it
would be an excellent arrangement if the
Apis Club could provide a suitable place
in or near London at which members
might frequently meet and dicuss matters
connected with bee-keeping.

There is one proposal in the suggested
constitution of the Apis Club which some
persons might be inclined to criticise,
namely, that " Associates of the Club are
members who secure its diploma in Bee
Culture." One could imagine from this
rule that there was to be set up a new
examining Body ; but I understand on
inqiiirv that this is not to be the case.
This diploma apparently will not be an
alternative certificate to existing onies,
but an additional qualification based
principally upon original research woi'k ;
in fact the eandidafiure will probably be
limited to those holding certificates from
bee-keeping Associations. This very
reasonable attitude is gratifying, because
the British Bee-keepers' Association has
conducted examinations in practical and
scientific bee-keeping for many years, and
it is generally recognised that their
certificates are guarantees that the holders
po&sess sound knowledge on the subject.
Perhaps the Annual Conference of
members may deem it wise to make the
rule read " Associates of the Club are
members who secure the diploma granted
by the Club for original research woi'k."
It is to be hoped that as many bee-

keepers as possible will respond to the
invitation of the Editor of the British
Bee Journal to become members of the
Apis Club, as the potentialities of such an
organisation can hardly be visualised.
Enthusiastic co-operation will do wonders
for any industry, and there is certainly
ample scope for whole hearted combination
in the bee-keeping industry, bearing in
mind that at tlie recent conference of bee-
keepers the Chairman, Dr. Keeble, stated
that in 1918, the value of imported honey
was about three times that of honey pro-
duced in our own country.

I hope the promoters of the Apis Club
will forgive me for venturing to make a
suggestion that bee-keepers who have not
yet joined the Club will be invited to
attend the Annual Conference of members
which has been convened for May 29, at
the Central Hall, Westminster, in order
that they may learn about the objects
and activities of the Club. They would
not, of course, expect to take part in the
voting, or even in the discussion unless
invited to do so by the Chairman ; but I
am confident that a general invitation
such as I suggest would be certain to
enlist the support of many bee-keepers,
more especially if a leaflet giving the
objects of the Club were to be circulated
at the meeting.

If this forward movement is to be a
permanent success, as it oertainly deserves
to be, there must be enthusiasm on the
part of bee-keepers generally, and more
especially on the part of members of the
British Bee-keepers' Association. May I
hope, therefore, that many who are reading
this brief communication from me will at
once send an annual subscription of
10s. 6d. for membership to the Secretary
of the Apis Club, Port Hill.House, Benson,
Oxon, which will entitle the contributor to
a copy of the Bee World, the monthly
official magazine which is issued by the
Club. — J. B. Lamb, Chairman of the
Middlesex Bee-keepers' Association.

Supply of Italian Queens, 1920.

The Ministry of Agriculture has de-
cided to endeavour to give bee-keepers
a few days' notice of the despatch of
their Italian queens. It is quite impos-
sible to guarantee delivery on any speci-
fied date, as this depends entirely on the
postal service between Italy and this
country, and also on the number of
queens that may arrive dead, or in such
a condition that would not justify their
being re-despatched.

Whether this preliminary notice is
possible or not, however, bee-keepers will
in all cases receive notice of the despatch
of their queens from the Ministry of

224

THE BRITISH BEE JOTJRNAE.

May 6, 1920.

Agriculture by telegram, sent at the
actual time of despatch.

Printed instructions as to the best
method of introducing these queens to
stocks of bees will be sent with them.

To Wiltshire Bee-Keepers.

In connection with the Bath and West,
and Southern Counties Show, which is
being held in Salisbury, May 20 to May 25,
the Wilts County Council, and Salisbury
and District Bee-keepers' Association,
are holding an Exhibition of Bee-keeping
Appliances, etc., and giving demonstra-
tions.

On Saturday, May 22, Mr. W. Herrod-
Hempsall is expected to be present and
has promised to give a lecture to bee-
keepers in the evening of that day at
6 p.m. in the lecture room of the Church
House, Crane Street, Salisbury, on " How
to make Bee-keeping a Success."

It is hoped bee-keepers of the county
visiting the show, will do so on that date
and attend the meeting, when matters of
interest and importauice relating to bee-
keepers of this county will be discussc'd.

To Bee-Keepers and Intending Bee-
Keepers around Pontefract
and District.

A semi-private lantern lecture on the
Honey Bee, will be held in the Gospel
Hall, (Station Lane, iFetatherstioney on
Saturday, May 8, at six oclock, when any
of the above are cordially invited. Copy
of British. Bee Journal will admit two
persons. Lecturer, Arthur Haigh, 1,
Stanley Street, Feather stone.

Guildford. and District Bee-
Keepers' Association.

A meeting was held on April 21 at the
Guildford Institute, when about fifty
were present. The chair was taken by
Alderman W. T. Patrick. An interesting
and helpful lecture on the elements of
bee-keeping was given by Mr. J. W.
Savage, who illustrated his remarks by
a fully fitted hive. A hearty expression
of thanks to the lecturer was proposed
by Mr. H. G. Herbert, and seconded by
the Rev. E. C. Pitt-.Johnson, who urged
thos(» present who were not already
members _to join the Association, which
has about fifty enrolled, but it is hoped
that a large number of another eighty,
with whom the Association has been in
touch, will join. The Earl of Onslow has
kindly consented to become the first
President, and among the Vice-Presidents
are Col. J. A. C. Younger, of Braboery
Manor, and Mr. Alwyn Parker, C.B., of
Thursley. The Association are organ-
ising the Honey Show at the Guildford

Allotment Holders' Exhibition on July
. 17, with classes for members and also
classes open to all. The next meeting
will be on May 29, at 3.15, at the Guild-
ford Institute, when the lecturer will be
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall. A special
appeal is made to each member to be
present. — E. C Pitt-Johnson (hon.
secretary).

Kent Bee-Keepers' Association.

NORTHERN DIVISION.

A very successful meeting was held at
the Apiary of Mr. S. Wakeley, Up-
church, on Saturday, April 24, by kind
invitation of Mr. Bishop. The pro-
gramme was Spring Management, and
the Rev. J. Butler gave an instructive
lecture on the subject, which lead to a
rather lengthy discussion on the advisa-
bility of strengthening stocks at this
time of the year by taking brood from
one or two others run for the purpose.
Mr. Fry, of Gillingham, explained elec-
tric embedding, which proved very
interesting, and after tea (which was
provided by the Ladies' Social Com-
mittee) Mr. G. Bryden gave a demonstra-
tion on Manipulation in his usual able
manner. The weather was favourable,
and this, being the first outdoor meeting
of the season, attracted quite a large
gathering, which included Mrs. Leigh
Pemberton, Capt. Tylden, Mr. S. Wilson,
Mr. Cook, and other well-known bee-
keepers.— (Communicated.)

Royal Show Fund.

The Council of British Bee-keepers'
Association are anxious to take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show may not be spoilt. In order to
defray the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that all bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which should be sent as early as possible
to the Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,-
Strand, London," W.C.2.

Subscriptions for this fund are coming
in very slowly, and we would urge all
tho'Se who can possibly do so to send a
'donation, hfoweveir smaJU. The sum
needed is not, comparatively, large and if
every one does a little should be easily
forthcoming. "The Royal" is the show
of the year, when the value of bee-
keeping, and of the use of honey, to the
community is brought to the notice of
hundreds of people, and should the
Bee and Honey Department have to be
dropped for lack of funds, the loss to
bee-keeping will be out of all proportion
to the amount needed to carry on. May

May 6, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

225

we also urge all those who can do so to
make an entry, and exhibit at the
Darlington show. A good display will
help both the show and the craft. We
are sure our bee-keeping friends in the
North are looking forward to a good
display of honey, etc., at this year's
Royal Show.

DONATIONS EECEIVED.

£ s. d.
Amount received ... 2 5 0

Natural Stores v. Sugar Feeding.

[10177.] I have read with interest
Mr. Charles S. Greenhaugh's letter
(10166), re "Natural Stores v. Sugar
Feeding," in British Bee Jouenal of
April 15.

I thought it would interest readers to
hear experiences of another advocate of
the above.

When I started again last April in
this district (Pershore Fruit District),
there were very few bees about, as all
had been wiped out with "Isle of Wight"
disease during war. I was always con-
vinced that if one took less honey away
from the brood chamber, and avoided
sugar feedintr. the stocks would stand a
better chance of wintering.

To take honey away and give sugar
is like giving a baby milk and water
instead of rich milk. There cannot be
a substitute for their natural food —
honey. Anyhow, I was determined to
do this last autumn, and have wintered
fourteen stocks, some of which I have
not even fed up-to-date, on their own
stores. 'Even the weakest are healthy,
and have plenty of stores and brood.

We have had but one or two days
when it has been safe to open a hive
since Good Friday. C!onsequent]y when
I went to examine them on Sunday,
April 18, I found a splendid swarm on the
grease band of an apple fbush) tree ! !

It took me two hours or more to get
them into a skep, and then as I hived
them in the afternoon it rained and has
done every day since, besides being cold.

They were a snlendid lot, quite 3| to
4^ lbs., though I did not have time to
weigh them.

Tbev are now in a small swarm hive
I made, with two drawn out oombs and
three frames of foundation, all well
covered with bees. I am feeding owing
to bad weather, and they should be a

splendid lot soon, if weather wiU only
clear up a bit.

I maintain (for what it is worth) that — •
1. Natural stores; 2. Warmth (good
coverings) ; "^ avoidance of damp ; 4,
good " Bee Ways " over frames, go a
long way towards successful wintering. —
Geo. M. Turner, Capt., Little Comber-
ton, Pershore.

[Add to our correspondent's four points,
a fifth, an abundance of young bees, and
the conditions for successful wintering
would be ideal. — Eds.]

School Bee Clubs.

[10178.J I have read with much interest
the report of the Bee Club of Peter sfield
School, also your comments thereon. As a
schoolmaster of a school with 415 on the
roll, let me make two observations: —

I. There are many bee experts in this
neighbourhood (my father among them),
and I have a working knowledge of apicul-
ture, too. My father visited our school
and delivered a lecture to Standards VI.
and VII. Prizes were offered for three
best essays. Every encouragement was
given by the staff, but no result occurred.
Apathy exists in this as in many other
directions, and it would appear a her-
culean task to form a bee club in face of
this indifference. I have made attempts
myself, and would do so again if I saw
any chance of success.

If. Be that as it may, as a school-
master, 1 am inclined to wonder how many
more things outsiders would like to see
on our curriculum. To teach them all
thoroughly is an almost impossible task
as it is, but certainly some of the subjects
could very well be dropped for practical
instruction in apiculture. We are expect-
ing a new headmaster shortly, then I will
do my best to form a club.

This is not written in any spirit of
criticism, but merMy to point out the
great difficulties that stand in the way. —
Another Hampshire Schoolmaster.

Wiring Frames.

[10179.] Now that so many bee-keepers
are adopting the 16 by 10 frame, it would
be useful to draw attention to an article
by Mr. E. R. Root in February " Glean-
ings " on the subject of wiring frames.
It is shown there that the ordinary four
horizontal wires are not sufiicient sup-
port for the foundation of a frame 9| in.
deep. It is found that the cells near the
top are slightly elongated, and that being
neither worker nor drone cells the queen
will not lay in them. He found that
frames wired in the following manner had
brood right up to the top bar, thus giv-
ing 20 per cent, extra space for brood

226

THE BRITISH BEE JOITRNAL.

May 6, 1920.

rearing, whicli tended to keep down
swarming. The plan was to thread a wire
through the hole at the end of the bottom
wire, pass it over the centre of the top
wire and out through the hole at the
other end of the bottom wire. This extra
wire is pulled tight drawing down the
top wire a little and keeping it taut. This
tightening of the top wire and the two
diagonals formed by the extra wire give
a very good support to the foundation
and prevent any stretching.

It seems to me a mistake to put the
horizontal wires at equal distances apart;
they are needed closer together at the top
than at the bottom. Suppose there are
four horizontal wires 2 in. apart, and
the lowest 2 in. from the bottom bar, then
■ when the bees are evenly spread over the
foundation there is four times as great a
pull on the top wire as on the bottom
one. I think the distance of tlie top wire
from the top bar should only be one-
quarter the distance of the bottom wire
from the bottom bar, and the other wires
spaced at increasing distances apart the
further they are away from the top' bar.
— W. B. AVallace, Lieut.-Colonel.

Go-Operative Bee Clubs.

[10180.] I am pleased to report good
progress, as the result of your kindness
in publishing in the New Year number
of The British Bee Journal, my co-
operative bee scheme. It may surprise
you and m^ny other readers to know,
that quite a large number have availed
themselves of this co-operative scheme,
all small bee-keepers, but all enthu-
siastic and keen for more knowledge on
matters concerning how to manage their
bees.

The difficulty with many is the need of
demonstrative lectures. And no doubt
the lack of sufficient knowledge is the
cause of so many disasters among new
beginners. — G. H. Clewlow.

W. WiLLMOTT (London).— Larvae turned out of the
/lire.— We cannot eay if the larvae are drones
without seeing them. The cause is neually
shortage of food. Transfer the bees to another
ihive as soon as possible. If you want io try
and get eurplus from early bloom, put on a
rack of eectiona You may be able, to make an
artificial swarm later on when the colony is
fitrong enough. It could be done when the bees
need more room instead of giving them another
rack of sections, but you must not expect muchi
surplus honey If you work for increase.

" Veracity" (Co. Wexford).— Sfrenpl/i of Formalin
solution for spraying. — Only a weak solution
must be used for spraying bee«, a teaspoonful cf
a 40 per cent, solution to a pint of water. It
may be syringed into entrance of hive. It would
not hurt the honey at that strength.

F. W. AsTBTJRY (Birmingham).— The queen had not
mated.

M. W. Droop (Surrey).— Sec reply to M. S. Chamen,
April 22.

F. T. T. (Monmouth).— i(i) This would work all
right. Payment should be for the weight of
bees taken. Weigh your box before and after
the operation, and the difference will givef the
weight of bees. (2) If the bees were only taken
half a mile a number would return to the old
location. The better plan would be to bring the
combs and young bees to your apiary, and leave
the artificial ewarm on the old location. (3) We
cannot say; probably only a few hours.

F. Stringer (Plumstead).— Read " Bee-keeping
Simplified " and " The British Bee-keepers' Guide
Book," and, if possible, get in touch with a
practical bee-keeper, who will give you a little
instruction. Commence with a new hive, and
either a nucleus or a swarm.
Honey Sample.

M. D. (N. Wales).— The honey is mainly from
fruit. The flavour is fair, but the aroma ia
spoilt by a little ragwort.

Suspected Disease.

Mrs. S. D. Carlisle (Godalming).— We are unable
to say cause of death. There does not appear
to be any disease.

C. F. C. (Clare).- The bees have " I.O.W." disease.
There is a little Italian blood in them.

Mr. Gilbert (Cornwall), A. Lingham (Bexhill).—
The bees showed symptoms of " I.O.W." disease.

W. George (Leeds).— The trouble is " I.O.W."
disease.

" Swollen Bees " (Northants).— The heesi have
" I.O.W." disease, and appear to be Dutch.

Miss Barker (TJlverston), B. Wright (Lyme).— The
bees were too dry for diagnosis.

" Anxious " (Bristol).— We think the trouble is
paralysis.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2s. 6d. is made for notices
(not exceeding 7 lines) in this column, 10 lines
charged Zs. 6d., up to 15 lines 5«., which coven
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

June 2-5, at Beading.— Royal Countiee' Agri-
cultural Society's Show. Hon Sec, 131, King's
Road, Reading. Honey entries close Blay 15.

June 9 and 10, at Colchester.— Essex Agricul-
tural Society. Classes for Extracted and Comb
Honey, etc. Schedules from Secretary, Essex Bee-
keepers' Association, 7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.
Entries close May 31.

June 16 and 17.— Hanley Park Meeting of the
Staffordshire Agricultural Society. The Stafford-
shire B.K.A. offer valuable prizes and six silver
medals and nine bronze medals. Twelve Classes
for members only, and five Open Classes. (Honey
Classes are for four or three jars or sections).
Schedules, W. Griffiths Silkmore, Stafford.
Entries close May 29.

June 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Royal
Agricultural Society's Show, Bee and Honey
Section, under the direction of the B. B.K.A. Prizes
arranged in groups of counties for Associations
affiliated to the B.B K.A. Schedules from The
Secretary, 23, Bedford Street, Strand. W.C.2.
Entries close May 31.

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.— Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show. The Glamorgan B.K.A.,
in conjunction with R.H.S.. offer prizes for Honey,
Wax, Beea and Appliances. Members, Novices,
and Open Classes. Schedules, Mr. Wiltshire,
MAindy School, Cardiff, Bntri^s olo8« June 29.

May 6, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

22T

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertisementg of Beet, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per trord as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of Zs. per iin., or 5s. |»er inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, arid Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders lor three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ABVERTISIIAIBMTS.

BEES FOR SALE.— A few Stocks of Peniia's
Italians and Hybrids from £5 5s. a stock,
including hive; guaranteed healthy. Also about
150 Bee Journals. Whai offers?— WIGGINS, 1,
Swinderby Road, Wembley. e.l

FOR SALE, six Stocks of healthy Bees on 6 and
8 frames at 10s. per frame.— M'AYES, Benning-
ton, Stevenage, Herts. e.2

FOR SALE, two well-made W.B.C. Hives, with
inner chamber, super and section rack, painted
three coats, never been used, 45s. each; baflgain.—
W. F. ARNOLD, 242, Wimborne Road, Winton,
Bournemouth. e.3

"j C A LBS. pure Lincolnshire Honey for Sale, also
±UU Swarms. Wanted, Oil Engine, about 4 H.P.
—WILCOX, Dyke, Bourne. e.5

VIRGINS from swarmed stock, black, prolific,
5s. 6d. each.— HILDRETH, 41, Three Shires
Oak Road, Smethwick. e.6

A FEW Stocks of Bees, in well-made Hives, £5
each; empty hives, aOs. each, on rail Burgess
Hill Station.— S. F. EDGE, Ditchling, Sussex, e.7

EXTRACTOR for Sale, barrel form, for two
frames, without gearing, perfect condition,
40s.— PELLY, Witham, Essex. e.8

MAY SWARMS of Bees wanted, Italian or
Italian Hybrids.-Offers to F. B. CHARL-
TON, Starkey Street, Stockton-on-Tees. e.9

WANTED, Books on South African Bee-keep-
ing, including Roots' "ABC and" X Y Z
of Bee-keeping."— W. THOMPSON, Lieut., R.F.A.,
119, Parkdale Road, Plumstead, Kent. e.lO

SCOTTISH Congested District Board Hive, No. 3,
like new, with all equipment, painted; cost
48s.; offers; room wanted.— POWELL, Selbourne
Street, Walsall, Staffordshire. e.ll

OFERS requested for five healthy Swarms.
Disease never seen here.— .\. BUTLER,
Tunnel Cottages, Pirbright, Surrey. e.l2

OBSERVATORY HIVE, plate glass, three frames
and super sections, solid walnut, with doors,
£4.— FOUNTAIN, Lavender Road, Leicester. e.l3

FOR SALE, 3J cwt. pure English Honey. No
reasonable offer refused to clear; must sell.—
Box 83, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand.
W.C.2. e.l5

TWO complete W.B.C. Hives with frames, five
other Hives and few Appliances, £7.—
H.\.SLER, Upper Downing, Holywell, Flintshire.

e.l6

-J A-FRAME Stock of Bees, Italian Hybrid, 84s.;
-LU carriage paid. Send your packing crate.—
ROMER, 234, Kew Road, Kew Gardens. e.l7

FOR S.ALE, two strong Stocks Hybrid Italians,
1919 Queens, £5 each.— EXLEY, Lamer,
Wheathampstead, Herts. e.l8

1?0R Sale, six lO-frame Hives and Accessories.—
■ BAKER, 6, Walsingham Road, Clapton,
London. e.l9

FOR S.VLE, six frames of healthy honey-fed
Bees, never had any disease in apiary, £3 10s.
and 10s. charged on travelling box, from which
carriage of bees is deducted and balance returned
to buyer.— REED, Primrose House, Heacham,
Norfolk. r.e.20

IT^OR S.\LE, four nearly new Bee Hives, complete
. with body boxes and a lot of other Bee
Appliances.-nFor particulars apply to H. E. PEN-
NICK, Wellesley Road, Clacton-on-Sea. e.23

IT^OR SALE, two Colonies Italians, no disease,
- three Hives, Section Lifts, Frames, etc.,
2-frame Extractor, side geared; owner going
abroad; price £9 9s. Can be seen any Saturday,
3 to 7 p.m.— Apply, BEES, Dencliffe House,
Church Road, Ashford, Middlesex. e.24

i O GUARANTEED healthy Hybrid Italian
±^ Stocks, Penna strain, £5 each.— J. YOUNGER,
6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.d.l45

ITALIAN HYBRID, healthy swarms, May and
June, 30s.— H. ROBINS, 290, Priory Road, St.
Denys, Southampton. r.d.l46

NATURAL MAY SWARMS, packed in straw
skep, free on rail, £2 each.— E. PRESSEY,
St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.dJ47

SEVEN 6-frame lots of Italian Bees, Penna's
1920 Queens, 63s.; five 4-frame lots, 45s. each;
carriage paid; delivery early June.— " Earldoms,"
Ridgeway, Enfield. r.d.l48

CORRESPONDENCE COURSES in Bee-keeping.
— H. E. NEWTON, Brown House, Barton-on-
Sea, Hants. r.d.l57

ITALIAN QUEEN, 76. 6d., and 3-frame Italian
Nucleus, 30s., booked for early delivery.—
YOUNG, 29, Central Road, Sudbury, Middlesex.

r.d.l58

WANTED, a Lecturer on Bees to accompany a
Demonstration Train for seven weeks, com-
mencing May 17. Sleeping accommodation and
food found.— Applications, with salary required, to
W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, W.B.C. Apiary, Old
Bedford Road, Luton.

SWARMS for Sale, May and June, very healthy
stocks, price 306.— MRS. 'BARRY, Home
Place. Limpsfield. r.d.98

Qnn SHALLOW wired Combs for Sale; no
OXJV disease.— CRAWFORD, Apiaries, Castle-
derg, Co. Tyrone. r.d.ll2

WANTED, from August 22 to September 4, In
Cornwall or Devon, within 12 miles or so of
sea. Bedroom and Sitting Boom, with shed for
motor car; farmhouse preferred. Can any bee-
keeper oblige me?-W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

FOR SALE, two " Rotax Roadlight 267 " self-
contained Acetylene Motor Headlights, very
powerful, £6 the pair; one Exhaust Whistle, 10s.;
one Wood-Milne Motor Foot Pump, 408.—
HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Price »nd
particnlare to W. BEBROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton. Beds.

WANTED, Anster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.-HEBROD-HEMPSALL, as abore.

228

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

May 6, 1920.

BUSH^ESS ADVERTISEMENTS.
lad, per word.

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, 1920 Italian Queen, 50s.; box
charged 10s., returnable; May- June delivery.
£1 deposit with order. 6-frame Stocks, 70s.;
e-frame Stocks, 90s. Immediate delivery.— LEE,
" Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess .Bill, Sussex, e.22

ENNA QUEENS, 1920.— There are always some
cancellations of early orders for queen bees.
We have bought all queens that thus may become
available in 1920 at the queen-rearing apiaries of
Enrico Penna, Bologna. We offer these queens at
Penna's advertised prices, viz.. May and June, 12s.
each; July and August, 10*. each; September, 9s.—
S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge.

£^21

1 CiCi FOUR-PEAME NUCLEI, of Dutch, Dutch-
±UU Italian, £3 3s., and Italian, £2 I5s.; all
beautifully clean and healthy; massed with brood
and bees. I Sitionglyrecommend my Dutch-Italian
iHybrids, a fine disease-resisting strain. May-June
delivery; cash with orders; carriage paid. All
orders for July are £2 56.— SEALE, Ashley Cot-
tage, Oatlands Drive, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey.
_____^ r.e.4

CAN BOOK a few more Nuclei of perfectly
healthy 'Hybrid Bees of the " White Star "
(Simmins') strain; ^Nuclei of four combs of brood,
well covered, price 60s.— MAULEY, Brightwell,
Wallingford. e.l4

"TSLE OF WHITE" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

JL use the solution that cures; 26. per bottle. —

E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.d.l49

iQOA PURE Fertile Italian Golden QueensT
±ij^\J guaranteed imported direct from Italy;
regular supplies throughout the season from second
week in May; 14s. each; specially selected, 17b. 6d.
—GOOD A RE, Italian Queen Specialist, New Cross,
Wednesfield. , r.d.lSO

PURE Italian Queens, fertile. Now booking
orders for my selected Queens, bred for
quality and hardiness. Orders executed in rota-
tion. Price 10s. 6d. each. Book now.— SHERRY.
Queen Rearing Apiary, Wallflat, Tarbolton, Ayr-
shire. d.l61

PENNA ha© sent me two specially selected 1919
Breeding Queens. Spare Virgins from these
mothers, 4s.; spare Fertiles, crossed with Bozzalla
(Ligurian) drones, 8s.; best only; real 4-frame
Nuclei with I.Q., ready July, £2 10s.; in rotation;
25 per cent, cash with order.— PATRICIA,
Grammar School, Doncaster. r.d.l52

EES ON APPROVAL.— We guarantee our Bees

and Queens to give complete satisfaction.

Catalogue 3d., which is returned on first order.—

PEARSON & GALE. Marlborough. d.l56

HOW TO KEEP YOUR BEES HEALTHY!
Valuable advice, 5s.— ALPD. EYALL, Ken-

wood Apiary, Elcombe, near Stroud. d.ll6

LBERT HOPKINS, Specialist Breeder and
Importer Italian Bees; 23 years' practical
apicultural experience. Guaranteed strong,
healthy Stocks and Nuclei. Prices strictly
moderate. List on application.— Woodland Valley
Apiary Lyminge. Folkestone. r.d.117

NUCLEI, 3-frame, Penna's 1920 Queen, 55s.; best
Hybrids, 45s.; carriage paid; early delivery;
Penna's Queen, 14a. Cash with order.— MOORl,
31. Monmouth Road, Dorchecter. r.d.US

BEES from reliable disease-resisting strain; 3-
and 4-frame Nuclei and Swarms, also Queena,
for early delivery.— CANDY. Worth Park Apiary,
Crawley, Sussex. r.d.l21

FOR SALE, May and June Swarms.— DEAR,
Funtington. Chichester, Sussex. d.l20

3-FRAME NUCLEI, 45s.; 4-frame, 556.; Penna
Italian 1920 Queens; May-June delivery; boxes
lOs., returnable; warranted perfectly healthy.
" W.B.C." Hivee and Apiary Supplies for Sale.—
C HOG AN, Boxford. Suffolk. d.l24

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time B^e
Farmer.— Terms on application to C. B.
BAETLETT. Sandford, Mouni Oharlbury. Oxon.

d.ia?

MISSES PALING AND PILLANS having
combined and enlarged theix Apiaxiee, are
now prepared to book orders for strong 3-fram6
Italian Nuclei, massed with brood and bees, headed
with 1920 Penna Queens or 1920 Queene of their
own rearing from best selected Italian strains, £3,
carriage paid. Speciality made in rearing choice
Italian fertile Queens, 12s.; Virgins, 6s. Reduc-
tion on quantities. Pupils taken.— Golden Square,
Henfi^d, Sussex. r.d.84

AVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?

If not, why not? Every number in itself is

a useful literary work for practice and reference.

Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,

Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

ORDERS booked for 3-frame Nuclei, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. List for
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. CRACKNELL,
Mount Road, Thundersley, Essex. r.d.27

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
logue from H. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue,
Paisley. r.c.ll6

J TALIANS.— Queens, 5s. Book now. Stamp.—
HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup. r.d.90

PENNA strain Italian Queens, from June 7. —
ASHWORTH, The Bungalow, Woymoutli
Street, Warminster. r.c-6a

EW-ENGLAND-BRED ITALIAN QUEENS.-
Untested laying Queens, ready June 1, 10s.,
delivery guaranteed ; 6s. at purchaser's risk. Eng-
lish money accepted by registered mail.— ALLEN
LATHAM, Norwichtown, Conn., U.S.

EDINBURGH AND EAST OF SCOTLAND
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE.

APIARIST.

The Governors invite applications for the post of
Apiarist in the Bee-keeping Department; salary
£150 per annum.

Letters of application, together with two copies
of not more than three recent testimonials, should
be lodged with the undersigned, from whom
further particulars may be obtained, not later than
May 17, 1920.

THOMAS BLACKBURN,

Secretary,

13, George Square, Edinburgh.

HIVES AND AI.I. YOUR REQ-UIBEMENTS,

Quality A. Quick delivery.

Write for prices to—

L. ANDREWS & 00..

Joinery and Carving Works,

78a, Westgate, Peteeboeouoh.

d.l26

Italian Stocks.

OUR lO-bar Italian Stocks are now ready for
delivery. Free from disease. Cash with
order. Carriage paid.— D. ALLBON & CO., Sunny-
side, Hitchin. d.l23

Bee Flower Seeds.

Collection of Six best Varieties,

Is., post free

Beautifully Illustrated, Instructive,
Up-to-date Garden Guide, 64 pages. Free.

KNIGHT'S.

Seed Specialists, WOLVERHAMPTON.

May 6, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAL.

iii

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address ;

Signor Gaetano Plana,
Castel San Pietro,
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PBICES FOB 1920.

Fori FertUe Queen: May, 12/-; June, 11/-;
July, August and September, 9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which wil be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B3.J."
Otfice.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " BJBJ." and
"B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W,C.2.
Cbeques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE. Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. HElUtOD-EEUPSAUi. 23. Bedford
Street, Strand. Ziondon, W.C.8.

foi:^i>£:r.

Send 2/- for Novel and Easy-to-use Folder.
— Prevents Breakage — Lasts a Lifetime. —

ART BOOKLET INCLUDED.
Lt, A. H. BOWEN, Bee Goods Depot, CHELTENHAM.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

I— > "RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

2/6 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of,

*' Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

39, Farringdon Road. London, E.C 1.

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17X 14X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

XHR APIARY, BROMI^E^Y, KENT.

IV

THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAIi. May 6, 1920.

HIVES.

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

'* Everything for an Apiary.'*
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

ZU metal foundation n

u

n
n
n

Durable 4 Economic ^ Sterilisable XX

(Protected)

The latest invention in Scientific hive
equipment.
a a a

0' it 0

An Ideal compromise between the Metal
Comb and the Wax Foundation.

a

n

Q

For further details and prices, send for
our 1920 ILLUSTRATfcD CATA-
LOGUE, post free on application. It con-
tains detailed information on the most J^
up-tO'dafc hives and appliances for which "Yl
the House of Lee is famous. w

*** Five per cent discount to Members of W
THE APIS CLUB. Q

(Telegrams : Graphic ly, Uxbridge.

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD., yX

Uxbridge, Middlesex, g

Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

^Ktrt(I:t}:tK}:ri:tn)TO^^):tt(n):(I:rtrXt}:XJ:I):r^I:t^XX):^):t^I:r}:X}:()^}:^

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

S^d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

Look after your profits by buying hives and appliances which

are easy to work. I endeavour also to give good value by

care over the workmanship. Send for catalogue.

EDWARD J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER.

Contmercial {16' x 10') frames and brood boxes stocked.

Printed by thb Avenue Press (L. Upoott Gill & Son, Ltd). 55-57, Dkcby Lane, London, W.C, ahd

Publishes voe the Pb.opbieto£ (W. Hebbod-Hempsall), by Simpkin, M&bseall, Hahilion,

KfiMi & Co., Lis.. 31 & 32. PATUuiosiia Eow. £.0.

Alasse

British Bkb Jotirnu. and Bn-snPiRa' Adviwr. May 15, 1920.

JIW5-^T920

leg*

^w^i^L

& JB cc-j:^cc per s
6Idviscr.

o^WeekUr JoumaJ Devoted to
Hic Interests 05
Bee-Kecp«rs,

No. 1977. Vol. XLVIII

MAY 1.3, 1920.

\Fu,\n\iK9d •P0ni Thurtdmif, Prlc* 8d.

coftrocjEiMrvs.

Review

Dorset Taen

Jottings from Httntingdonshire

The Future of the Apis Club

Notes from South Wales

Notes from Gretnia Green

Spring Feeding

Jottings

British Bee-keepers' Association
Royal Show Fund

page
229
229
230
231
232
233
235
, 234
235
235

PAGE

Lincolnshire B.K.A 235

Derbyshire Bee-keeping 235

Questions for Bee-keepers 236

Correspondence —
The British Isks Honey Producers' Asso-
ciation 236

Early Swarms 237

Bees Building Comb Upwards ...' , ' 237

Natural Stores v. Sugar Feeding 237

Bee Shows to Come 238

ALUMINIUM DRAWN OUT COMBS.

MONEYCOMB

The greatest invention in the Bee World for 40 years.

This is a drawn out Comb of Hexagon Cells exactly as bees
build in their natural state. It is slightly coated with wax,
has been thoroughly tested, and is not an experiment.
Bees readily take to it for rearing brood and storing
honey. Strong and durable, will last 50 years with care.
Big consumption of honey saved to produce Wcix for
comb building.

Control of bee diseases. No more burning of combs.
E^ch comb easily sterilised and used over again.

Send for Catalogue and descriptive Leaflet. 1920 Catalogue po«t fiee

Patented by ALUMINIUM HONEY COMB CO., of U.S.A.

Sole Manufacturer and Licensee:

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

11

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

May 13, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

ESTiBLISHID 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

-dlted by T. W. COWAN, P.I..S., &c.,
and J. HEBSOD-HEIia:FSAI.I., F.E.S.

Gorrespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptio«s and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SabS^rlptionS* - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. poat free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 28.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yoa are advised to insist on this being used wtaeo
dealing with strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched until notice tiiat
the money has beea deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— Wlien strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 24
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post OfKce Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on Genera!
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempeall, and crossed " London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any lose that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions aa in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by tHe vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Postage

A Modern Bee Parm 7/6 ... 6d.

ABC&XYZof Bee Culture

(Eoot). 1919 Edition 15/6 ... 9d.

Advanced Bee Culture

(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 6d.

Beginner's Bee Bock (Pellett) 5/- ... 4d.
BEE-KEEPING SIMPIiIFXED

FOR THE COTTAGEB AND

SMAI.I.HOI.DEK (W. Heb&OD-

Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/- ... lid

BEE-KEEPERS' PBACTICAIi

NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... Ifd.
BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan> 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)
Dissectlble Model of Queen

Bee. 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTII.ISATION OF FRUIT

BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Fifty Years Among the Bees

(Miller) 6/- ... 5d.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) -/2 ... lei.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock) 5/- ... Od.

Management of Out Apiaries 3/- ... Cd.
Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Conunercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hooper, F.R.H.S.) -/G ... id.
PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-

lett) 10/6 ... 6d.

Queen Rearing In England

(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2a.

Scientific Queen Rearing

(Doohttle) 4/- ... 3d.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.
Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... lid.

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.
Maeterlinck's Iiife of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.
The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER Edwardes) 2/- ... 2d.

THE BEE WORIiD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... Id.

British Bee Journal & Record Oftice,

23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.c.8.

May 13, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJTINAL

229

Review.

Outapiaries and their Management, by
M. G. Daclant, published by the American
Bee Journal, Hamilton, Illinois, U.S.A.,
price $1. This book will be of interest
to the advanced bee-keeper, especially one
who has gone iu for honey production pn
a large scale, and has outgrown bee-keep-
ing in his home apiary, and decides to
take up outapiary work, with a view to
increasing his income. The development
of commercial bee-keeping in America is
intimately connected with the extension
of outapiaries, and as Mr. M. G. Dadant
has been brought up in the midst of com-
mercial honey production, he writes with
authority on the subject. The Dadant
family has kept bees on a large scale for
three generations, the author's father.
O. P. Dadant, being the talented editor
of the American Bee Journal, .and the
author the business manager of this
periodical, and his grandfather, C.
T)adant, the founder of th'e business.
From such a quarter one expects sound
advice, and in reading this book we have
not been disappointed, for it is
abundantly evident that it is written
with a thoroiigh knowledge of the sub-
ject. Good advice is given, such as, for
instance, that on the choice of a location,
which, he says, should be where there is
the greatest profusion of honey plants
capable of guaranteeing the largest sur-
plus of yield, and to insure at least one
main flow during the year. Although the
up-to-date bee-keeper knows how to
combat disease, and with care rid his
apiaries of foul brood, the author says
it would be a great relief if it was pos-
sible to locate the apiarv in a district
free from disease, the labour in such a
place would be greatlv reduced were it
not necessary to be alwavs on the alert
for foul brood. Sound advice this, even
for those who are commencing on a small
scale.

The work not only deals with the busi-
ness of bee-keeping on a large scale as
Carried on by the Dadant family, but also
describes the methods and practice of the
most successful bee-men. It is well illus-
trated, and we have much pleasure in
recommending it not only to our readers*
who are contemplating bee-keeping for
orofit. but to those also who desire to
learn how the industry is carried on bv
our brethren in the United States of
America.

A Dorset Yarn.

In Dorset now we have the oaks iiT-
bloom; these are peculiar in that they
have such a quantity of male blossom.
The pollen flowers are produced at the
base of the young growths (the female
tiowers are well up above them and are
not so easily seen). Nature seems so
lavish with pollen flowers, nothing must
be left to chance. The bees seem to make
the same mistake with so many drones;
they want to be sure that the queen is
perfectly mated, they raise so many of
them (just now, when the working days
are few, it must take a lot to feed them).
The seed blossom of the oak has bright
colours, and under a glass shows the em-
bryo acorns; the male flowers are a dirty
yellow. It is termed a wind-fertilised
flower, but old bee-keepers state that bees
get a lot of food from oaks. In my
opinion, it is not from the flower, but
from the growths punctured by the small
cinips, which causes a sweet sap to flow
from the wound, which ants, as well as
bees, collect to feed their young. Wind-
fertilised flowers are termed " anemo-
philous " (from anemos, wind; phileo, I
love).

There are thousands of plants that are
wind-pollinated, from many of which bees
get some stores, mostly pollen. The m.ale
flowers have very dry pollen : it must be
so, or it could not be carried by wind.
Plants that have catkins, like birch, hazel,
and alders, etc.. are among those that are
' ' anemophilous," ' as are sedges, rushes,
reeds, hemps, etc. The willows have ad-
hesive pollen; this is one of the excep-
tions, but as the sexual flowers . are on
different trees, it must be adhesive, or it
could not be carried to other trees other
than by bee3 and other insects.

The plants that are pollinated by bees
are called " entomophilous " (entomon,
insect), pollinated by insect agency. Bees
that enter the flowers of gorse are covered
w ith adhesive pollen ; where the pollen is
not adhesive enough to be moulded on
the pollen baskets, the bees seem to
moisten it with honey from the honey sac.
These are the flowers that interest the
Ijce-keeper most, there are so many of
them; in these " yarns" I have covered
all of them, but thev seem to be part of
the bee-keeper's stock-in-trade. It is "well
that we should be conversant with them
all.

]\[any are rich in honey, but the tongues
of bees are not long enough to reach the
nectar. Honeysuckles are visited by
butterflies and moths: they unroll their
long, spiral tongue and get the honey
that wells up in the flowers. Some flowers
open in the day, others at night. There
is an instance of the " campions."
Lychnis Dioica bees fertilise, as it opens

^80

THE BRITISH BEE JQUENAL. May 13. 1920>

. ia sunlight; but Lychnis Y esperlina does
not open till night. Night motlis sip the
nectar, and in doing eo the seeds are made
perfect by their agency. Those bee-
keepers who at one time collected insects
will know that this plant, being open in
the evening, will always attract the night
moths.

Our bees just now seem to be still
largely on rasps and turnip. Adjoining
our farm are iJie village allotments; one
plot is all turnips, it is only 200 yards
from our bees. Wlien it is favourable
this patch is one loud hum of thou-
sands of bees; they must get a lot of
stores from this plant, as it brooms a long
time, fresh flowers opening each daj'.
They must get a lot of moisture with the
nectar from them this showery time, there
is so much they could get Avere it at all
fine. The horse chestnuts are very beau-
tiful; these are mostly gone over by
bumble bees; they seem to be able to put
up with more hardships that the hive
bees, as these cannot get far from home
when the weather is unsuitable. The ends
of the rows that are nearest the hives
have the most bees.

Bees are sure weather guides, they will
not go far when the weather is unsettled;
they are on the strawberries that are close
to the hives, but not one on the distant
plants, even though they are only 300
yards away. They care very little for
these flowers at any time, but in catchy
weather they go to the nearest. This long
line in full bloom shows up half a mile
from the farm, so it must be scent that
lures the bees to the sources of nectar, not
sight, though most writers on natural
history assume that the bright-coloured
petals and sepals are an attribute to the
flowers to allure the bees to them for
pollination. A few are on the Limanthes
Douglasi. They like the turnip most.

In Dorset many others are joining our
ranks. Bees are changing hands at good
prices. One farmer at Bere Regis sold
two stocks at £4 10s. each — a fine lot they
were. I saw them at the Durweston Rec-
tory, and transferred them to their hives
from the travelling boxes. They looked
like Dutch, but what was remarkable
among the drones were some very hand-
some Italians (the queen in one of them
was not Italian). I mentioned last year
how some drones went from our light-
coloured bees to the black ones. The owner
of these must have had some Italian
stocks; not any of this lot had workers
wHh a Tuark on them. The Rev. BaMwin
Pinney has a most delightful place for
bees, there are some of the finest forest
tiees to be found in this country in the
woods of Bryanstone (the home of the
we^ilthv Portmans). Wealth has had
planted all the flowering trees from everv

part of the \, orld — many of them are jusfe
now magnificent. The Rev. Pinney' s gar-
den was full of Darwin and cottage tulips^
huge patches of hyacinths, and some
glorious lilacs. This must be one of the
places of which the great writers of litera-
ture have given their word-pictures, for
here is the valley ,of the Stour, with high
forest land and rolling downs; here are
great paddocks of deer, and miles of
drives through the most beautiful woods
I have ever seen. — J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

As I write the sun is sinking in the
west and the whole countryside is filled
with peace. The many fragrant blossoms
are giving out of their best, the trees are
all looking never so lovely in their various
sheens of green. I have just recently re.-
turned from helping a brother cleric who
lives some five miles distance. I had just
half-an-hour to cycle back here for a ser-
vice in my own church fixed at half-past
seven, but that half-an-hour was not too
short to take in the beauties of the field
and hedgerow. One passed hedges and
hawthorn bushes massed with blossom, so
white that a stranger from Mars would
surely describe them as white hedges and
bushes tinged with green. And what a
lot of nightingales were tuning up for their
evening song ! Their sweet, beautiful,
inimitable voice is lovely in tlie day, but
outclassed by the full throated warbling of
the thrush; at night, when all is quiet, it
is more lovely still. Other songsters had
not yet gone to sleep, for summer time is
naught to them ; many a copse was a
choir of birds, while on the telegraph
wires were chaffinches trying their hardest
not to be outdone. Swifts were, with
amazing energy, shijieking here and there,
swallows and martins overtook one, and
with a twit, twit, M'heeled round and did
it all over again. I knew what they
meant. Following me were myriads of
winged insects of various kinds ; what
swallow could resist such a meal? A
cuckoo finds amusement in flying ahead
and settling only to rise and wing ahead'
again as one draws near. Wlio can ex-
press that joyous feeling, who describe the-
subtle light of a May evening? Truly

" This is the season now to go
About the country high and low ;
Among the lilacs hand in hand.
And two by two in fairyland "

At midday I had a SM-arm which chose*
to settle on a hedge overhanging the path-
way leading to church. I skepped them
qn.ite easily, but had perforce to leave-
them there until the evening. I fear their
presence filled many of the evening-

May 13, 1920. THE BRITISH BEB JOTrRNAL.

231

church-goers with misgiving; some turned
back and found their way to church
another way — one man jocularly remark-
ing that he liked bees, but thought them a
little too warm about the tail. However,
as .soon as service was over, they were suc-
cessfully hived ; and, being able to give
them drawn-out combs, they will doubtless
go ahead. Their happy foraging ground
— or shall I say trees? — are the chestnuts.
A chestnut avenue of some 100 trees,
covered with bloom, should provide all the
bees' wants for a while, despite the many
premature blooms. Bean blossom, too, is
not neglected, while a few bees stick
religiously to the dandelions.

This past week I have had shoals of let-
ters asking how to treat May pest. Some
scores of bee-keepers, like myself, having
their first experience of it this year. The
warm weather of March and the chilly
days of April is the primary cause. Pollen
a,nd nectar of prematurely opened flowers
the secondary. Not till t had hunted up
a book written nearly a century ago did
I discover how to treat it. I give the
method for the benefit of many who may
be glad to render, as one of my correspon-
dents puts it, " First aid to the bees " : — •

Make your hives warmer, especi-
ally at evening, than they have hitherto
been. Feed with a syrup, about half a
pint in the evening, medicated (I prefer
Yadil), about three times in the week —
note this — to which, if the disease be bad,
a little bismuth or carbonate of soda has
been added. Disinfect a little warm water
— here Izal comes in handy — and throw a
few cupfuls into the entrance of the hive.
Sweep up all crawlers and throw into
warm, medicated water, strain through a
cloth and take to a warm place ; those
bees able to clean themselves and take
flight should be allowed to do so, those
not able should be burnt. If the syrup is
made with pure honey, the soda or bis-
muth need not be used. As an extra pre-
caution sprinkle chloride of lime around
tlie hives and if possible dig in.

May pest is one of those diseases that
needs studying. While my bees have
yielded to the above treatment, one would
like to know a great deal more about the
dis<?ase. Beware lest you mistake it —
''Isle of Wight" disease is still about.
An infallible sign I find with May pest
is a straining at the abdomen and the
evacuation of half-digested pollen. Pre-
vention is better than cure, extra warmth
and any aid to digestion that can be given
would appear the best means of keeping
this distressing complaint at bay. I should
say, in conclusion, that often the abdomen
of the bees so afflicted is covered with a
grev dust, but this does not always appear.
— E. F. HemmhsTg, Steeple Gidding. '

The Future of the Apis Club.

By a. Z. Abushady, F.R.M.S.,
Editor, "The Bee World."

Now that the preliminary phase of orga-
nisation in the development of The Apis
Club will be brought to a close at the com-
ing general conference of members to be
held at the Central Hall, Westminster.
on May 29, it is my foremost duty to thank
you, Mr. Editor, for the spontaneous,
steady, and liberal encouragement which
you haA^e given to this movement. It is
certainly to your credit that you based
your support on general principles, and
that differences in opinion have never
caused you to alter your faith and sup-
port. For this genial attitude the move-
ment owes you an everlasting gi-atitude,
especially as I feel sure that you must
have been repeatedly taken to task by
those who are more "loyal" to The
British Bee Journal than you are. . . .

As many readers of The Journal are
also readers of The Bee World, and con-
sidering the repeated publicity which has
been given to The Apis Club in your
columns, I shall not trespass on your valu-
able space by repeating details of prin-
ciples or policy. But in view of the
enthusiastic appeals for the development
of this co-ordinating and educational
institute, and especially in the light of the
remarks from the pen of Mr. Lamb, which
appeared recently, I feel that I should
emphasise the main issue xchich is at
stake. It is this : After a year of arduous
labour and exceptional sacrifice for de-
monstrating the public motive of the work,
is the craft in this country now able to
shoulder what a few have carried for so
long, or otherwise? Unless the bee-keep-
ing organisations in the country, great
and small, are prepared to patronise the
work, and not only to pay it a lip service,
it is impossible to carry out the proposed
programme ; and as an alternative to the
transference of thf^ work to another coun-
try, a different constitution has to be
evolved.

The publicity sections of the home Bee
Press, apart "from the literary sections,
have rcpeatedlv shown that an institute
called " The Apis Club," exists, that any
bee-keeper can have on request a free
specimen copy of its official organ for
enlightenment regarding its objects and
activities, that there is no liability beyond
the membership fee and any spontaneous
donations to its funds, and that the whole
work will be handed over to the craft,
free from any liability, if they care to
avail themselves of the offer. Even at
present nothing prevents any of your
readers from asking for a free specimen
copy of The Bee Tfor/d and deciding for

232

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

May 13, 1920.

liimself or herself whether the movement
is worthy of support or otherwise. The
first general conference is of a private
character, and any bee-keeper who cares
to be identified with the movement is pro-
visionally entitled to join it. Thanks to
the co-operation of many able writers
both at home and abroad, the January,
February, and spring numbers of the
magazine are alone worth more than the
membership fee. So there is no excuse
whatever for any bee-keeper for not join-
ing the Club prior to the coming con-
ference.

If organised bee-keepers and public
benefactors can advance between them one
thousand pounds per annum-— a very small
sum indeed for a professional community,
however small this may be, then the un-
fettered development of this public
medium of education and co-ordination
will continue, and as our good friend, Mr.
Lamb, says, "enthusiastic co-operation
will do wonders for any industry." On
the other hand, if the timidity of our
leaders is beyond all expectations; if no
association or a combination of associa-
tions in the country are prepared to arouse
the conscience of the public and to take
the lead ; if no constructive proposals are
coming forward, then probably the con-
ference will limit itself to discussing an
alternative policy and appointing a select
committee to advise, and this in itself
will be a reflection on the craft here.

The writer will only be too pleased to
answer any queries and to siipply any
possible information to those desirous •of
joining the Club within the days remain-
ing before the coming conference. But
with all respect to Mr. Lamb's suggestion,
I feel sure that on re-consideration he will
feel that neither those bee-keepers who
cannot appreciate that what they are pay-
ing does not even cover what they are get-
ting back, not those who prefer to enjoy
a belief in the callous misrepresentations
of our professional intriguers, should be
given anv serious thouglat. My appeal
is limited to thinking men and women
who might not have siifHciently realised
the extent of difference which every pass-
ing day of inertia is making to the
prospects of the movement.

Notes from South Wales.

Judging from the strength of some of
the stocks here, I should think we are
going to have some early swarmB this
year, and nearly everybody is saying they
don't know when their bees have been bo
strong as they are this spring. I suppose
it must bo the very fine weather that we
have had, and also early flowers that have
helped the stocks to build up so well.

There is a wealth of flowers everywhere
for them, and stocks of any strength at
all are bound to make great headway,
but whether we shall get a set-back later
on I don't know, but it will behove the
bee-keeper to bear that in mind and keep
them snug and warm, also to see that they
are not short of food, as when they are bo
strong it takes a good deal to keep them
going. Apart from that, if they do run
short, it will stop brood rearing, which
is very valuable now, and cause a
general upset of the stock which will take
a deal of getting over. I remember having
such a stock on one occasion ; as soon as
I discovered it I put on a feeder, and I
found that for days the bees were still
bringing out young grubs, although they
had plenty of food on top of them and
must have had plenty to go on with in the
brood chamber, It appears to me when
the bees are in such a plight, ihey get
so used to carrying out the grubs, that
they cannot stop at once, but the habit
has to wear out, irrespective of whether
there is food in the hive on not. A young
beginner called on me about a month ago
— it was on a Sunday — and we had a lovely
morning. He wanted to know how the bees
were doing, so I told him so far as I knew
everything was quite all right with them.
I asked him as to his stocks, and he said
that he had examined one stock that
morning and found that they had got four
combs of brood and eggs. " But," I said,
" you never took them out, did you,"
" Oh yes," he said, " for the sun was
lovely and warm, and it could not harm
them.' "Well," he said, "haven't you
overhauled yours yet." I told him no, and
apart from that I should not think of
such a thing in winter, that he had done
very wrong in doing so and that if I was
not mistaken, he would find that out later
on. He called again Easter Monday, for
advice as to what he had better do, as
that same stock was dwindling fast, and
no signs of brood whatever in the hive.
By the description he gave me, I should
think that he must have got the queen
chilled, and of course all the brood, eggs,
etc., must have been chilled as well, and
perhaps when he put the queen back in
the hive she might have dropped oflf on to
the floor board and crawled out and
perished. All these things are lessons for
us all to remember, especially the
beginner, who is anxious to know how the
stock has fared during the winter, for
there was a stock of bees that was doing
well, and just that incident has ruined it.
I was on a visit to the beautiful Cas-
well Bay. which is about half an hour's
walk from here, when the housekeeper
of Herbert's Lodge, informed me that
every year regularly a swarm of bees has
come there and settled in the window, and

May 13, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUKNAL.

233

if they come this year, would I come and
take them away as they cannot go near
the window, until winter comes to keep
the bees in. I thought it was strange,
and asked her to show me the window,
which she did, and I found that it was
a window projecting out from the roof,
which afforded la good shelter for the bees.
There were stains on the slates. I asked
what they were, and she told me that was
where the honey had been running out
from them. I did not see any bees work-
ing there then, so I concluded that they
must have died out, but I should think
there must be plenty of honey under the
slates, which, I hope to see if they come
this summer. Would honey stain the
slates, such as I have mentioned above?
There is no other part of the roof
stained, so it must come from the bees. —
E. BooBiER, Bishopston, Swansea.

[We should not expect honey to stain
the slates. If honey had run out, it would
most likely be caused by the sun's rays,
making the slates so hot, that the comb
was melted, so that both wax and honey
ran down the slates, and the wax would
leave its mark. Eds.]

Notes from Gretna Green.

In these days of fantastic prices for all
sugar products, it seems strange that
home honey is difl&cult to sell. But while
dealers can buy any amount of imported
honey for 8d. per lb., and retail it at
anything up to 2s., they naturally have
no use for the higher-priced home pro-
duct. Bee-keepers in general, and new
beginners in particular, should work
mainly for sections this season, as comb
honey has no foreign competition to
meet. The outlay for extractor, ripener
and bottles is very heavy, while section
racks can be made up for a few pence
apiece, and, of course, sections sell more
readily and at a much higher price than
extracted honey.

Swarming should be anticipated by
dividing strong colonies previous to the
honey flow, but natural swarming, if
allowed, need not be ruinous, providing
after swarms are checked by destroying
all queen cells, and inserting a young
fertile Italian. The ■ supers are then
divided between the swarm and its
parent colony, and at end of season the
old queen is removed, and both lots
united by doubling.

This method gives a colony possessed
of a young queen, plenty of young bees,
and abundant stores — the three essentials
for safe wintering.

Our friend " Flavine " Smith asserts
that colonies so nroDared are proof
against "Isle of Wight" disease, and

my personal experience proves that he is
absolutely right. Disease is rampant
here, and every apiary in the locality
has been completely wiped out since
autumn, yet with affected bees only a few
yards away I haven't lost a single
colony. I don't pretend that mine are
immune, for occasional " crawlers " were
seen at all times. But the fact remains that
after giving an average of over £6 each
for sections actually sold last year, every
one of my stocks is still alive and excep-
tionally strong. I discarded the smoker
entirely during last season, using instead
the sprayer, with "Flavine" solution,
in all manipulations of the brood cham-
ber, and a cigarette for the supers.

Another important feature is the use
of wide entrances, and brood boxes raised
on |-in. strips all year round, so that
the bees have abundant fresh air at all
times.

In my opinion, our colonies, if kept in
a state of high vitality by suitable
methods, will live and flourish, even
altliough surrounded by diseased apiaries.
— J. M. Ellis, Gretna, Carlisle.

Spring Feeding.

Seasonable hints are always welcome to
bee-keepers, as they always come just at
the time one is not quite certain whether
to feed on syrup or not. We hear that
sugar is going up in price this year.

I hope it will mean bee-keepers will
spare a bottle or two of honey in the
autumn to make up the full stores on all
combs. This means healthy stocks in the
spring. I quote stocks, as I found them
in early March by this idea, seven combs
of baby bees, a large area of brood, and
quantity of honey. By not sealing down
my bees with thick quilts, placing a
Rymer board across the frames, fine light
quilts, and a cork folding quilt on top,
bees were given warm air, which passed
through the cluster, moisture being taken
up by the cork quilt. Queen and bees had
the whole run of combs, entrance 8 in.,
with a "Silver" non-dwindler over
entrance, and a drawer (or eke will
do) under brood, so air is warm before
it reaches the cluster. The honey can be
used by uncapping every three days,
which quickens breeding, and is enough
to last some weeks. These are on Stan-
dard frames. We hear so much about
16 X 10 crammed with brood and remarks
about Standard frames that are quite
unnecessary. Letting bees have honey
in the autiimn means dry combs, and bees
are not living in an atmosphere of fer-
menting sugar, and either little air, or
too much, which proves so fatal even to
the bees of the careful bee-keeper.

2S4:

THE BRITISH BEE JOUKNAL.

May 13, 1920.

I have two stocks that (owing to illness
caused by the war) I use for study of
management and health of bees, so I can
devote my whole time to this study, and
have made experiments regarding air for
bees, which are important and, glad to
say, have proved successful. I have been
able to re-hive my bees into large wide
new hives, with combs parallel to en-
trance, giving plenty of combs, which is
the same thing as the larger in a way,
and very snug to winter down. One has
for the lower portion a large body box,
which, with two winter divisions, makes
an excellent four-sided, 2-in. thick body
all round. A large Cowan hive also, that
has an excellent brood box, with arrange-
ments for chaff cushions at the sides,
between the box and outer casing, which
is a boon. One need not use larger
supers. These two hives are the best
medicine for regaining my shattered
health I ever had, I am glad to say. So
my bees are my little pals, whom I repay
by great comfort and attention. — Cyril
Tredcroft.

Jottings.

I see the Ministry of Agriculture are
appointing inspectors to " compel " the
cleaning and destruction of thistles from
the land, also for the cutting of dead
and diseased wood from fruit-trees, with
a view to preventing the attack of a
disease called *' silver leaf." This, to my
mind, is quite as it should be, and forms
yet more precedents, if necessary, to
strengthen our own cause, in the en-
deavour to clear away the stubble of op-
position with reference to our own over-
dye, but we may hope early success in
this direction. It only remains to apply
all available pressure, individually and
collectively. This, too, will rob our little
friends of many a flowery visit, but most
of lis will suffer no pang on this account,
as we can make up to them with some-
thing useful or beautiful. I hope the in-
spector will be an educ-ated one " thistle-
wards," as the question arises, shall we
need protection for the " Chapman Honey
plant," or shall we let the "druggists"
have it, and style them also a danger? I
have no worry, as my last patch didn't
grow.

Truly, we pay for neglect by the Bweat
of our brow I

Frames. — Although I have written on
behalf of the " Standard " frame, I am
not prejudiced against a larger, if found
an advantage; but I think the " Stan-
dard" lends itself to a greater addition
by an extra chamber, or by its inter-
changeability for any purpose in the
swarming, or hot season, and a larger will
not always be found adequate, although

it woxild have wintering advantages. I
shall experiment with a 14^ x 12, as I
consider this will make the stronger and
most compact mass for a brood chamber,
and will interfere very little with my
present sizes. It is to be hoped that ex-
periments will be conducted with, if I
may style them so, twin colonies, or no
definite result would be proved otherwise.
Mr. Sladen's idea of two standards seems
to meet the whole situation. I have,
however, had yellow bees for a dozen
years, and while I had the managem,ent
found no trouble in finding the necessary
breeding room for these bees on the old
standard. Mr. Sladen might be interested
to hear that the colour is still passed
on from a virgin I purchased from him
about that time, and fine gentle bees they
aue, too, and withstand disease splendidly.
I have, of course, had other Italians.

Bee Clubs. — This shows what can be
done in a district centre. We have a far
greater opportunity to improve our craft
and usefulness if these are worked in con-
junction with the present county Associa-
tions. The machinery is there, if the
executives will only turn the handle and
invite co-operation in a guiding manner.

Remedy for Ants (10076). — If your corre-
iSpondent had placed paraffin in the leg-
stand, I think this would have settled
them. A thin tin covering should be
made above to keep out rain, but that
does not bother very much there.

I have read alum will assist, but I should
think only among the quilts, I have not
tried it yet. I have only the little brown
nuisances to deal with, but they are pretty
jJersevering, and will seize an egg and
run everywhere but out of the hive when
disturbed.

Nucleus Boxes. — An easy way to confine
bees, if necessary, is to cut a small per-
forated zinc door, hinge it on one nail,
and cover with a ismall rebated covering
to darken. It should be somewhat longer
than the opening, and the ends left open
for ventilation. A screw will hold this in
position, and can readily be adjusted.

Brood-Hatching Chamber. — It is hardly
curious that these young bees were so
docile, as they were unable, most likely,
to fly, and it is the flying bee that becomes
aggressive.

We owe thanks, rather than criticism,
to these experiments, and it is difficult to
discriminate between " appreciation "
and " destruction," with condemnation
that is not intended.

I feel quite sure to the less observant
bee-keeper a queen and bee accessible
double chamber is safer, or the former
can be confined to bottom if one can
judge, or ♦spare the time to find her, if
lifting up frames, whatever the atmo-
ripheric conditions. — A. H. Hamshar.

May 13. 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

235

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The Secretary is obliged to go abroad
for a short period, and for the time will
be unable to attend to any correspondence.

Royal Show Fund.

The Council of British Bee-keepers'
-Association are anxious to take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show may not be spoilt. In order to
defra.y the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that all bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which should be sent as early as possible
to the Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

Subscriptions for this fund are coming
in very slowly, and we would urge all
those who can possibly do so to send a
^donation, however smaiU. The sum
needed is not, comparatively, large an^ if
every one does a little should be easily
forthcoming. " The Royal " is the show
of the year, when the value of bee-
keeping, and of the use of honey, to the
community is brought to the notice of
hundreds of people, and should the
Bee and Honey Department have to be
dropped for lack of funds, the loss to
bee-keeping will be out of all proportion
to the amount needed to carry on. May
we also urge all those who can do so to
make an entry, and exhibit at the
Darlington show. A good display will
help both the show and the craft. We
are sure our bee-keeping friends in the
North are looking forward to a good
display of honey, etc., at this year's
Royal Show.

DONATIONS RECEIVED.

£ s. d.

Amount received ... ... 2 5 0

Mrs. Bruce Culver 0 10 0

Miss E. G. Lamb 0 5 0

N. H. Lomb 0 5 0

H. H. Manlev 0 16 6

H. E. C. Carter « 0 4 0

T. Hammond 0 2 6

4 8 0

Lincolnshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The annual general meeting of the
Association was held on Saturday, May 1,
in the Council Chamber of the Lincoln-
shire Agricultural Society, and there was
a good attendance of members. Dr.
W. A. Carline presided.

In his annual report, the Hon. Sec.

referred to the terrible havoc that " Isle
of Wight" disease had made in the
county. This had led to a large decrease
in the membership, as most bee-keepers,
with the loss of their bees, had ceased
membership. Under these circumstances
the balance in the bank of £35 19s. 7d.
was considered very satisfactory.

It was reported that under the County
Horticultural restocking scheme 24 nuclei
were sent out last year, and it is hoped
that over 120 will be sent out during the
coming season.

The Earl of Ancaster was re-elected
President of the Association, Dr. Percy
Sharp, of Swallowbeck, Chairman of the
Committee, and Mr. J. Emerson Vice-
Chairman. All the other officials were re-
elected.

Dr. Carline, who has acted in an offi-
cial capacity in the Association for over
40 years, has been reluctantly compelled
to give up the chairmanship of the Asso-
ciation on account of ill-health. A most
hearty vote of thanks was accorded to him
for his splendid work on behalf of bee-
keeping in the county.

Mr. F. W. Frusher, of Crowland, was
appointed delegate to the B.B.K.A. meet-
ings.

The next general meeting has been fixed
to take place in Grimsby.

After the business part of the meeting
a visit was paid to the restocking apiary
at Thorpe-on-the-Hill. This apiary is
under the charge of Mr. H. Roper, and
he is to be congratulated on its excellent
and flourishing condition. ^

The members spent a most interesting
and instructive visit.

The members were kindly entertained to
tea by Mrs. Roper. — Communicated.

Derbyshire Bee-Keeping.

Another successful gathering of bee-
keepers was held on Saturday afternoon,
May 1, at the well-known apiary of Mr.
H. *Hill, Ockbrook, about fifty members
and friends presenting themselves for
instruction in the art of bee-keeping.

Under delightful conditions Mr. Hill
opened his discourse by sketching the life
of the honey bee, stating with what affec-
tion bee-keepers regarded their bees. So
much was this the case that he had never
known, or met, a drunken bee-keeper,
probably owing to the fact that bees
resent unsteady or careless handling,
giving as his opinion that was one reason
which made women such excellent bee-
keepers, being more gentle in their
handling of the stock.

The lecturer then contrasted the old
skep, or straw hive of our forefathers,
with the bar frame, or movable comb
hive now in use. There were still to be

236

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. May. 13, 1920.

found in remote country places prejudice
among the older generation for the " owd
skip," who cared little for the new
fangled notions of to-day. The straw
skep, Mr. Hill stated, was a sealed book.
To find "the queen" under those con-
ditions was possible only by driving the
whole colony out of the hive, whereas with
the modern frame hive one was able to
witness the movements, and in a large
measure control the activities of these
wonderful creatures.

The method of " driving " bees was
wat<?hed with great interest; as were also
various devices for the economical
management of an apiary.

The bees on this occasion were living
models of a well ordered apiary, and
although they were flying freely, no one
present came in for special attention.
Appreciations are due to Mrs. Hill for
the excellent tea provided.

This series of lectures and demonstra-
tions, planned by the Derbyshire Bee-
keepers' Association, was continued on
Saturday, May 8, 7.30 p.m., at the Agri-
cultural Education Offices, No. 12, St.
Peter's Churchyard, with an address by
the Rev. R. H. N. Ellison (Aston Rec-
tory), and the next demonstration will
take place on the afternoon of May 15
at the Council Schools, Hatton, to which
members and non-members are cordially
invited. — S. Milton, " Hazeldene," Fair-
fax Road, Derby.

Questions, etc.. for Bee-Keepers
for Self-Examination.

503. — In what circumstances is spring
feeding requisite, and how is it done?

504. — How should skeps containing (1)
a colony and (2) a swarm be packed for
transit?

505. — Compare the hiving of a swarm on
a fresh site in an apiary with hiving it in
a fresh hive on the old or parent stand.

506. — Describe exactly the make of a
board for use when fixing foundation in
frames, and state how it is used and how
the foundation is prevented from adher-
ing to it.

507. — In normal circumstances how
early in the year may eggs in drone cells
be found in a colony?

508.— What is an " old " queen?
Comment on the retention of an old queen
in a colony.

509. — Mention some ad-vantages in the
marketing of granulated honey as com-
pared with liquid honey.

510. — ^What does an excess of drones in
a colony indicate?

511. — Why is it inadvisable to fit frames
with foundation in a cold atmosphere?

512. — In what liquids is propolis
soluble? J. L. B.

The British Isles Honey Producers'
Association.

[10181] I was very pleased to see a
letter following up my proposal for the
formation of a co-operative association
under some such title as above, especially
from such an experienced organiser as
Mr. Teed, whose assistance and mature
advice in the administration of any move-
ment along the lines suggested will bo
very heartily appreciated by all interested
parties.

While thanking all those who have
written me upon this subject, I must ask
rbheir kind consideration in lexpiecting
replies, as my ordinary correspondenc©
completely takes up my time.

In addition to my previous remarks,
may I draw particular attention to the
possibilities of the Apis Club successfully
carrying out some such organised scheme,
working to the mutual benefit of all con-
cerned. I have recedved an assiurance
from Dr. Abushady. the secretary of the
Club, of the sympathetic attitude of this
organisation, and that the marketing of
honey is on© of the items on its pro-
gramme. This matter can be more con-
veniently discussed in conjunction with
the Council of the Club, which is holding
its first Annual Conference on May 29,
at the Central Hall, Westminster.

While thanking the Editor of the
British Bee Joxjrnal for the broad-
mindedness shown in giving full publicity
to any pi'ojected scheme intended to fur-
ther the interests of Britiish Bee-keepers' I
should like, with his permission, t»
enumerate a few points which will show
how the Apis Club can fulfil the aspira-
tions of an amalgamated union of pro-
ducing bee-keepers.

(1). The Apis Club, being a very rapidly
developing and powerful federation of
bee-keepers of all sections, will soon have
at its command a large number of
potential organisers, whose whole-hearted
co-operation will ensure the smooth work-
ing of the scheme.

(2). The pioneers of this Club, having
worked unselfishly and at great personal
sacrifice, have obtained the ever growing
confidence of all parties in the bee-keeping
world, at home and abroad, and now merit
the full support of all sections of the
fraternity, from the humblest cottager to
the man with his thousands; and seeing
that they do not intend, or desire to
retain the government of the Club in
their hands alone, but invite the members
to take their share in framing the con-

May 13, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJBNAL.

237

stitution and general working plans, such
an attitude should give the assurance of
success to any scheme which the Club
decided to undertake.

The monal contained in the above
remarks is to the effect that all bee-
keepers interested in the progress of the
oraft should give their whole hearted
support to the Apis Club, for one day
soon, we shall find an accomplished facrt
what many scoffers said was impossible,
i.e., a fully developed amalgamation of
all the bee-keeping fraternity, irrespective
of party differences, having their interests
merged into one united whole. Then the
man who "sat on the fence," waiting to see
if it T^as going to be a success or not, will
wish he had helped to attain this position,
and I hope his conscience will give him
no peace until he has, made amends.

It will be a matter of great interest to
see how the Council will regard the
possibilities of successfully working out
a commercial scheme, which will bring
together the constimer and producer to
their mutual benefit.

We can all hasten that day by support-
ing the federation known as " The Apis
Club."— F. M. Clakidge.

Early Swarms.

[10182] Is this the first swarm this
season? On April 23 at 3 p.m. Swarm
weighed 6 lbs., and was in a laurel
hedge. Strange to say, a bird's nest was'
in the centre of the swarm. — I. Draper.

[There appear to have been a number
of swarms on April 23 and 24. Mr.
Draper sent us the nest, which was a
new one, and, we judge, was a robin's. — .
Eds.]

Bees Building Comb Upwards.

[10183] Be the article on the above
subject which appeared in the Journal
April 8 (10,161). I was very interested
while reading it, as I had a similar ex-
perience which happened practically the
same date. I may state that this is a
very rare occurrence in this district, but
am anxious to know why they built up-
wards, whereas they had plenty of space
on the frames below. — Math. Roberts,
Harlech, N. Wales.

Natural Stores v. Sugar Feeding.

[10184] I was much interested in your
corrcipondcnt's (10177) letter re Sugar
Feeding.

I cannot understand any bee-keeper tak-
ing lioney from the brood chamber and
replacing with sugar. I myself was quite
content with the surplus obtained from
the shallow frames and sections, and
always left any honey stored in the

brood chamber for the bees, and
if on examination in the autumn, I found
thev had not sufficient supplies to carry
them over the winter I always supple-
mented it with one or two combs of good
sealed honey, as the occasion required.

I do not agree that there cannot be a
substitute for the natural food, honey ;
my experience leads me to believe that
much depends on the condition of the
honey or the substitute which the bees are
wintered on. There is bad honey^ there
are also bad substitutes, and I general^
found that if I put up the bees for winter
with sufficient good sealed honey, or cane
sugar syrup, I never had much to fear from
starvation or dysentery.

Some years ago when residing in North
Wales, in the district where I lived were
a number of old-time bee-keepers. My
first skep I obtained from an old man well
over 70 years of age, who had kept bees
as long as he could remember, and the
custom of taking the honey in the autumn
was to sulphur the bees. One autumn an
old lady asked if me if I would take the
honey for her, so with her permission I
drove the bees from the skeps and took
the bees home. In addition to the stocks
that I had in wood hives, I had a bee-
house which had accommodation for ten
hives ; these hives were fitted with a glazed
movable board at the back, which could
be extended to the requirements of the
brood chamber. Into these hives I put
the driven bees on a drawn-out comb well
supplied with pollen (if possible) together
with five or six frames with full sheets of
foundation according to the number of
bees.

The whole of these stocks I built up
on cane sugar syrup which I fed to them
in a Canadian feeder, holding 1^ to
2 pints ; and as near as I can remember,
it took about two weeks to get them fixed
up with their allowance of about 20 lbs.
to carry them over the Avinter. As before-
mentioned, having glazed backs to the
hives I could observe the bees working
without disturbing them -^ and, being en-
closed in the house, they would work much
later on the syriip than if they had been
outside.

In the spring I always had strong stocks
to transfer to the hives in the garden.
In the usual course of events these bees
would have been sacrificed to the siilphur,
but thanks to the substitute I was enabled
to produce strong stocks for the coming
spring: and what I considered more valu-
able to the beecraft, I eventirally per-
suaded many to take to the wood hives
by pointing out the folly of killing the
bees.

AVe are told that from experiments car-
ried out by Huber and corroborated by

238

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. May 13, 1920.

other observers, bees fed on sugar
syrup yielded more wax than those fed on
honey. I consider this alone is in favour
of the sugar feeding at a time when every
day is valuable in getting the stores
capped for the winter. — Geo. M. Tune,
Charlton.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2s. 6d. is made for notices
{not exceeding 7 lines) in this column, 10 lines
charged 3s. 6d., up to 15 lines 5s., which covers
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
nhould accompany orders for insertion.

June 2-5, at Beading.— Royal CJounties' Agri-
cultural Society's Show. Hon Sec, 131, King's
Road, Reading. Honey entries close May 15.

June 9 and 10, at Colchester. — Essex Agricul-
tural Society. Classes for Extracted and Comb
Honey, etc. Sciiedules from Secretary, Essex Bee-
keepers' Association, 7, Bulwer Road, Leytonetcne.
Entries close May 31.

June 16 and 17.— Hanley Park Meeting of the
Staffordshire Agricultural Society. The' Stafford-
shire B.K.A. offer valuable prizes and six silver
medals and nine bronze medals. Twelve Classes
for members only, and five Open Classes. (Honey
Classes are for four or three jars or sections).
Schedules, W. Griffitlis Silkmore, Stafford.
Entries close May 29.

June 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Royal
Agricultural Society's Show, Bee and Honey
Section, under the direction of the B. B.K.A. Prizes
arranged in groups of counties for Associations
affiliated to the B. B.K.A. Schedules from The
Secretary, 23, Bedford Street, Strand. ■W.C.2.
Entries close May 31.

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.— Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show. The Glamorgan B.K.A.,
in conjunction with R.H.S., offer prizes for Honey,
Wax, Bees, and Appliances. Members, Novices,
and Open Classes. Schedules, Mr. Wiltshire,
Maindy School, Cardiff. Entries close June 22.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Will advertisers please read these Rules care-
fully in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at Igd. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisemients. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only he inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per iin., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
yisertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVEBTISEMENTS.

SWARMS, healtihy, splendid strain, 40s.; Clover
Honey, 15 lbs., 30s.— NORTH, Cressing, Brain-
tree, Essex. r.e.26

SIX new standard Hives, unused, all inch
material, double walled, movable bottom, 35s.
each.— MARTIN, 66, Stratford Road, Wolverton,
Bucks. e.27

STRONG healthy Stock of Dutch Bees, lOfralfses,
£4 ISs.— GLYNN, 15, Kelvin Avenue, Bowes
Park, London. e.28

A FEW more Swarms for Sale on 5 frames,
57s. 6d. each; ready now; box, returnable,
7s. 6d.— S. COCKS, Napton, Rugby. e.29

FOR SALE, two new Hives, W.B.C., complete
with brood box, shallow crate and section
rack, painted three coats, calico covered roof, 21 in.
square, 3 in. materials, price 50s.— Ajjply, STD.
BARNWELL, 44, Western Road, Strood. e.30

SALE, British Bee JotiRNAL, 1917-April, 1920.
What offer?— MRS. NORRIS-ELYE, Utterby
Rectory, Louth, Lincolnshire. e.32

S

WARMS for Sale. Orders booked now.--COLE,
Hornsey High School, Weston Park, N.8.

r.e.3J

WANTED, to exchange Hornless Nanny Goat,
kidded la«t month, good milker, for Bee
Hives in good condition.— POLDEN, The Beeches,
Dinton, Salisburj-. e.25 '

SIX STOCKS ITALIAN BEES on 7-8 frames,
846. each; guaranteed.— ENNEVER, Oak Avenue,
Enfield. e.40

PUREi Golden and three-band Itfilian Bees and
Queens; prolific and gentle; the ideal bee for
pleasure and profit.— <]OOMBER, 64, Ronald Park
Avenue, Westcliff, Essex. e.38

S

WARMS.— May, £3; June, 50s.— SAUNDERS,
Waverley, Farnham, Surrey. e.39

FOR SALE, six frames of healthy honey-fed
Bees, never had any disease in apiary, £3 10s.
and 10s. charged on travelling box, from which
carriage of bees is deducteji and balance returned
to buyer.— REED, Primrose House, Heacham,
Norfolk. r.e.ao

FOR SALE, two Colonies Italians, no disease,
three 'Hives, iSection Lifts, Frames, etc.,
2-frame Extractor, side geared; owner going
abroad; price £9 9s. Can be seen any Saturday,
3 to 7 p.m.— Apply, BEES, Dencliffe House,
Church Road, Ashford, Middlesex. e.24

-t 9 GUARANTEED healthy Hybrid Italian
J-^ Stocks, Penna strain, £5 each.— J. YOUNGER.
6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.d.l46

NATURAL MAY SWARMS, packed in straw
skep, free on rail, £2 each.— E. PRESSEY,
St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.d.l47

''PHREE 6-frame lots of Italian Bees, Penna's
J- 1920 Queens, 63s.; five 4-frame lots, 45s. each;
carriage paid; delivery early June. — "Earldoms,"
Ridgeway, Enfield. r.d.l48

ITALIAN QUEEN, 7s. 6d., and 3-frame Italian
Nucleus, 30s., booked for early delivery.—
YOUNG, 29. Central Road. Sudbury, Middlesex.

r.d.158

CORRESPONDENCE COURSES in Bee-keeping.
— H. E. NEWTON, Brown House, Barton-on-
Sea, Hants. r.d.l57

SWARMS for Sale, May and June, very healthy
stocks, price 30s.— MRS. BARRY, Home
Place, Limpsfield. r.d.98

WANTED, from August 22 to September 4, in
Cornwall or Devon, within 12 miles or so of
sea. Bedroom and Sitting Room, with shed for
motor car; farmhouse preferred. Can any bee-
keeper oblige me?— W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

May 13, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

239

Of\f\ SHALLOW wired Combs for Sale; mo
Oyjyj disease.— OR A WFORD. Apiaries, Ca&tle-
derg, Co. Tyrone. r.d.ll2

FOR SALE, two "Rotax Roadlight 267" eelf-
contained Acetylene Motor Headlights, very
powerful, £6 the pair; one Exhaust Whistle, 10s.;
one Wood-Milne Motor Foot Pump, 40s.—
HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

WANTED, portable Greenhooae.— Price and
particulars to W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERROD-HEMPSALL. as above.

SIX pure 1919 American 3-banded Italian
imported Queens for Sale, following dividing
Stocks for nuclei, healthy, 8s. each. Just " it " for
crossing to improve strain of apiary.— DAVID-
SON, Forest Road, Burton-on-Trent e.34

BUSXKESS ADVERTISEMENTS,
lid. per word.

FOR SALE, new W.B.C. dovetailed Hives,
including inner chamber, shallow super and
section crate, £2 each; painted, 5s. 6d. extra; also
cheaper makes.— H. STRIDE, 37, Ridley Road,
IrVinton, Bournemouth. e.35

STRICTLY BUSINESS. — Free samples of
Flavine with testimonials and circular. A
fapanned Sprayer, 5s. 6d., post free. A Cambs
' Bee Barometer " with every order. — S. H.
SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. e.37

A FEW SWARMS of Dutch strain Bees can now
be booked for present season, price 36s. per
swarm, carriage paid.— Apply, D. MANNINGTON,
Brooklands, Ripe, Sussex. e.41

BEES, swarmed May 1 on 10 frames, wired, ditto
10th, for Sale, £5 each.— OXBORROW, Kirby
Cross, Essex. e.42

MR. BEE-KEEPER,— If you wish to succeed
with your bees you must have the best.
Three-frame Nuclei, hardy, disease-resisting, home-
reared Italians, 1920 Queen; price, June £3 3s.,
July £2 13s., carriage paid; 7s. 6d. refunded on
box if returned carriage paid Saxilby Station.
Terms : Cash with order.— HERBERT VALLEY,
Apiarist, Saxilby, Lincoln. r.e.31

FOB SALE, May Swarms 30s., June 25s.; good
Nuclei, 1920 Queens, four frames 52s. 6d.,
three 45s., two 37s. 6d.; ready mid-May; cases
7s. 6d., returnable; Journal deposit.— A. H.
•HAMSHER, Wonersh, Guildford. e.41

PENNA QUEENS, 1920.— There are always some
cancellations of early orders for queen bees.
We have bought all queens that thus may become
available in 1920 at the queen-rearing apiaries of
Enrico Penna, Bologna. We offer these queens at
Penna's advertised prices, viz., May and June, 12s.
each; July and August, lOs. each; September, 9s.—
S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge.

e.21

1 C\Ci FOUR-FRAME NUCLEI, of Dutch. Dutch-
JLv-'V/ Italian, £3 3s., and Italian, £2 15s.; all
beautifully clean and healthy; massed with brood
and bees. I strongly recommend my Dutch-Italian
Hybrids, a fine disease-resisting strain. May-June
delivery; cash with orders; carriage paid. All
orders for July are £2 56.— SEALE, Ashley Cot-
tage, Oatlands Drive, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey.
r.e.4

"TSLE OF WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

-I- use the solution that cures; 26. per bottle. —

E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.d.l49

BEES ON APPROVAL.— We guarantee our Bees
and Queens to give complete satisfaction.
Catalogue 3d., which is returned on first order. —
PEARSON & GALE. Marlborough. d.l56

PENNA has sent me two specially selected 1919
Breeding Queens. Spare Virgins from these
mothers, 4s.; spare Fertiles, crossed with Bozzalla
(Ligurian) drones, 86.; best only; real 4-frame
Nuclei with I.Q., ready July, £2 10s.; in rotation;
25 per cent, cash with order.— PATRICIA,
Grammar School, Doncaster. r.d.l62

1Q9n PURE Fertile Italian Golden Queens,
J-t/^U guaranteed imported direct from Italy;
regular supplies throughout the season from second
week in May; 14s. each; specially selected, 176. 6d.
— GOODARE. Italian Queen Specialist, New Cross,
Wednesfield. r.d.l50

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time Bee
Ftarmer. — Terms on application to C. B.
BARTLETT, Sandford Mount, Charlbury, Oxon.
d.l27

MISSES PALING AND PILLAN8 having
combined and enlarged theix Apiajies, are
now prepared to book orders for strong 3-frame
Italian Nuclei, massed with brood and bees, headed
with 1920 Penna Queens or 1920 Queens of their
own rearing from best selected Italian strains, £3,
carriage paid. Speciality made in rearing choice
Italian fertile Queens, 12s.; Virgins, 68. Reduc-
tion on quantities. Pupils taken. — Golden Square,
Heafield, Sussex. r.d.84

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work lor practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

ORDERS booked for 3-fram6 Nuclei, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. List for
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. CRACKNELL,
Mount Road, Thundersley, Essex. r.d.27

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
logue from H. STICH, Riccartsibar Avenue,
Paisley. r.c.ll6

PENNA strain Italian Queens, from June 7.—
ASHWORTH. The Bnogalow, Weymouth
Sfcreet, Warminster. r.c.ca

EDINBURGH AND E.AST OP SCOTLAND

COLLEGE OP AGRICULTURE.

AFIABIST.

The Governors invite applications for the post of
Apiarist in the Bee-keeping Department; salary
£150 per annum.

Letters of application, together with two copies
of not more than three recent testimonials, should
be lodged with the undersigned, from whom
further particulars may be obtained, not later than
May 17, 1920.

THOMAS BLACKBURN,

Secretary,

13, George Square, Edinburgh.

HIVES ANH AI.I. YOTJR REQI7IKEMENTS.

Quality A. Quick delivery.

Write for prices to —

L. ANDREWS & CO.,

Joinery and Carving Works,

78a, Westgate, Peteeboeough.

d.l26

HIGHLAND AND AGRICULTURAL
SOCIETY.

Aberdeen Show, 20th, 21st, 22nd and
23rd July, 1920.

Classes for Bee Appliances and Honey.
Premiums, £53 10s. Half of Prize Money and
Silver and Bronze Medals contributed by
Scottish Beekeepers' Association.

Entry Forms from John Stirtox, /Secretary,
3, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh.

240'

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. May 13, 1920.

Italian Stocks.

We can deliver immediately strong lO-bar
Italian stocks free from disease, carriage paid,
1919 Queens.

Nuclei.

We are booking orders for 3-frame nuclei
with plenty of bees and brood. 1920 Italian
Queens. Start delivery first week in June.

Italian Queens.

We can supply pure fertile Italian queens
(1920) commencing first week in June, 10/6
each. Guarantee safe arrival.

Goldens.

Our Guinea Gold
Queens are bred
in England. They
are quiet, healthy,
hardy, splendid
workers , and a
lovely colour.
They g: are f§^ bred
from stock that
has never had
I.O.W. disease. ^^

' We^can supply
fertile queens, 12/6
each. Delivery in
June.^

D. ALLBON & CO., Sunnyside Apiaries, Hit chin.

Dutch Bees.

I have been appointed Sole Agent for Hans
Matthee, the Dutch Bee Farmer who supplied the
British Government last season with Skeps for
their County Ee-stocking Scheme. Hana Matthes
also supplied me with what Skeps I required last
year.

Last autumn I got a large consignment over
from Holland, and am presently wintering thee©
at my Apiary here.

To those desirous of testing these Dutch Beee, I
will be pleased to send on my Illustrated Cata-
logue, containing much information regarding
the hardiness, prolificacy, disease-resisting, and
honey-gathering characteristics of this race of bee.

Addresa—

R. WHYTE,

The Bee Farm,

Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.

5 per cent, discount allowed to members of the
Api& Club.

Bee Flower Seeds.

Collection of Six best Varieties,

Is., post free

Beautifully Illustrated, Instructive,
Up-to-date Garden Guide, 64 pages, Free.

KNIGHT'S,

Seed Specialists, WOLVERHAMPTON.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address :

Signer Gaetano Piana,
Castel San Pietro,
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOR 1920.

pQrl Fertile Queen: May, 12/-; June, 11/-;
July, August and September, 9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which wid be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introductkjn.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B.B.J."
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signer
Piana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ." and
"B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.

Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

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Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
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Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
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w.

HEKROD-HEBIPSAU., 23, Bedford
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May 13, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. ^Ju_

BEE CANDY

FOR SPRING FEEDING

(In 1 lb. Cakes, medicated with Bacterol),

can be supplied by

JAMES PASCALL, LIMITED,

BLACKFRIARS ROAD, S.E.I.
In lots of 61bs., 121bs., 181bs., 241bs., etc.

The necessary voucher must accompany order.
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BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

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2/6 per Bottle. Post Free. 39, Farringdon Road. London, E.C 1.

s-^ "RACTEROI

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17X 14X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

XHR APIARY, BROML^E^Y, KBNX.

IT

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

May 13, 1920.

HIVES.

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Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very much regret that there has been a large increane in the cost of the mamifacture of bee-
appliances, and therefore my juices will be advanced 10% from May lOth. Books excepted.

Printed by ihb Avknub Pbess (L. Upoott Gill & Son, Lid). 55-57, Decey Lane, London, W.C, iNO

PCBLISHEO FOE THK PeOPEIBTOB (W. HbBBOD- HbMPSUL), BY SiMPKIN, Mi&SHALL. HiHILTON.

Eknt & Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, Pitienostis Eow, E.G.

Beitiss See JouftNAl, and SEE'kiEPKEfi' Advises, May 2C, l92fl.

IvI a «i !^ a c Iri u. 3

JUN15 192

No. 1978. Vol. XL VIII

MAY 20, 1920.

iPubiiiktd «r«rv TAtwr«rf«v, Prlo* 8d.

coifrx>E:s<rrs.

Review

A Ik)RflET Yahn

Jottings prom Huntingdonshire

Why Bees Swarm

Re-Stockino Schemes

Fixing Foundation

Notes on Bes-keeping

Echoes from Cornwall

Royal Show Fund

PAGB

241

241
242
243
, 244
245
246
247
247

PAGE

248

Eastbourne and District B.K.A

Correspondence —

The Origin of " Tanging " 248

Bees Building Comb Upwards 248

Queries and Replies—

Bee-keeping in California 249

Notices to Correspondents 249

Bee Shows to Come 249

Weather Report 250

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THE BRITISH BEE JDURNAL. May 20, 1920.

THE

British Bee JournaB

Sbtablibhis 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests ot Bee-keepers.

:::dlted by T. W. COWAir, F.I..8., &c..
and J. HERKOD-UEMPSAIJi, 7JB.S.

0(»>re3pondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journcd,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SabS^riptions. - Annual Subscription,
lOs. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounta up to 28.
Haifpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in tke paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yon are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing with strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be oarefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched until notice that
tbe money has been, deposited is received frona
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2J
per cent in the £7 with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque.
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must he made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Poetal Orders ehonld be kept by the sender.
Wo Cannot be responsible for any Iocs that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey vlli b« sold
by sample, -which must be semt direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing tbe order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by tne vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returhed by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval bo returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carnage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Poeitage

A JMCodern Bee Farm 7/6 ... 6d.

ABC&XYZof Bee Culture

(Root). 1919 Edition 15/6 ... 9d.

Advanced Bee Culture

(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 6d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett) 5/- ... 4d.
BEE-KBEPING SinXPliZFIED

FOR THE COTTAGES AITD

SMALIiHOIiDEK (W. Hebbod-

Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/- ... Ii4

BEE-KEEPERS' FRACTXCAIi

NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... Ifd.
BRITISH BEE ■ KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan> 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)
Dissectible model of Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTII.XSATXON OF FRTJIT

BLOSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) ... -/3 ... id.

Fifty Years Among the Bees

(Miller) 6/- ... 5d.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... •/& ... Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rbv. G. Banckb) -/2 ... 16.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock) 5/- ... Od.

IVEanagement o£ Out Apiaries

(Doolittle) 3/- . . 3d.

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hoopee, F.R.H.S.) -/6 ... 4d.
PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

Hekrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-

lett) 10/6 ... 6d.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2cl.

Scientific Queen Rearing

(Doolittle) 4/- ... 3d.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The Bee-keepers' Vade Mecum

(Geary) 2/6 .. Ifd.

The *' Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.
Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... l|d.

MISCELLANEOUS.
Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.
The Lore of the Honey Bee

(Ticknee Edwardes) 2/- ... Sd.

THE BEE WORLD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis C^db,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... Id.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

29, Bedford Stbbbt. stbakd, London. W.O.f.

May 20, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

241

Review.

The Bee-keeper's Vade Mecum, by
Henry Geary. A very handy illustrated
book of a convenient size for carrying in
the pocket. It is exceedingly well written,
and will prove interesting reading, even
to those who do not keep bees. The chap-
ters are well arranged, the advice given
is sound, and is useful to both the new
beginner and the old hand. Mr. Geary's
style is simple and lucid; his meaning is
clear, though given in. a comparatively
few well-chosen words, which are to the
point. He says in Chapter I, " No effort
has been, made to deal with the scientific
side of the subject over and above what
it is incumbent upon every earnest bee-
keeper to know. The aim in view is prac-
tical bee-keeping on safe lines fcr the
beginner and for others more advanced."
This ^es^^lt has been well achieved. We
give a few short quotations: "There is
no royal road to success in the craft;
what is required is perseverance and a
commencement at the bottom of the ladder
— not an initial fall from the top rung."

" The possible profits connected with
apiculture is usually one of the first con-
siderations of intending bee-keepers, and
unfortunately it is not altogether easy to
bo very definite. Many good apiarists
place it at one pound (£1) per stock per
annum, taking a series of years, and

probably they are not far wrong

Of one thing we may assure the beginner,
and that is the fact that with reasonable
care his percentage of profits will be very
much greater on the whole than is derived
from most small live stock. This profit
is usually strictly commensurate with the
attention given to the bees, and the close
study of their requirements." The above
are from Chapter I. The opening para-
graph of Chapter II, on " The Life His-
tory of Bees" says, "Before embarking
upon practical apiculture it is absolutely
essential for the student to have a
thorough understanding of the life his-
tory and habits of the honey bee. This
is not a chapter to lightly pass over, for
without this knowledge he will be as a ship
■R-ithout a rudder, much success in practi-
cal work being dependent upon accurate
theoretical knowledge. ' '

One more quotation from the chapter on
" Varieties of Bees." " In summarising
this chapter it must be said that strain
is of, far mora importance than race. And
in the opinion of the writer, the pure im-

ported bees are much inferior as a whole
to a good strain of our common bees, or
to good crosses."

A chapter is devoted to " The Food
Value of Honey," and several recipes are
given. The book is one we can heartily
commend to our readers. It is published by
Stanley Paul, bound in cloth, price 2s. 6d.
We can supply it post free for 2s. 7^d.

A Dorset Yarn.

Bees this week are on a wide range of
subjects ; the hollies claim quite a lot of
attention, and the limnanthes are covered
all day with them. Broad beans and
peas are in flower, but not many go to
them. The rasps are, however, a continual
feast, and as we are at work beside theili
bees are with us all the time; the honey
stored must be largely from this source
just now, as we have such a lot of them.
We are cutting the crimson clover for the
stock, and the bees are with the lines as
the scythe lays it down ; the horse chest-
nut is still good, but it is bumble bees that
make the most of the hum on these trees.
The loads of pollen brought in are shades
of yellow, and three parts of the home-
comers are carrying it in; some have a
crimson pollen, others a dirty-looking
white.

Our bees are taking a lot of water just
now; we have always given them a lot
in May. They will go to all sorts of 'places
for water — some of them into the ditches
where mud was more in evidence, but they
seemed to get some moisture out of it.

AVe are still learning a lot from the
bees at the farm, how they will act dif-
ferently when we try to prevent swarm-
ing. One stock of Italians had a brood
box of drawn-out combs placed on top;
another lot had one placed below. In the
latter the queen has already entered, but
in the former she has not presumed above ;
yet the workers rule the hive — they are
the governing body, they have already
filled the tops and sides with honey, the
corner angles quite deep, leaving the
centre and bottom in the crescent shape
of brood-nest. All cells are made perfect
by these workers, yet the queen has not
entered them, at least there were no eggs.

This lot is very strong ; in working up-
ward the queen comes to the band of
honey near the top bars, then goes down
again looking for empty cells in which to
lay her eggs. The workers are building
a lot of drone cells, even on last year's
new bars ; this is against the honey sur-
plus. But why should it be so this season,
when in April they could not get out above
five or six hours each week? I have known
a wet May when they have pulled out the

242

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL, May 20, 1920.

white larvae of the drones and carried
tliem outside between evening and morn-
ing, and I have seen the sparrows after
them quite early on the alighting board ;
but when looking over this week, now nice
weather has come, they are building
patches of drone comb. I am inclined
to think it is because of destroying the
queen cells, the workers are raising other
queens; and knowing the drones take the
longest to develop they are raising another
lot of these handsome, though lazy,
creatures.

What a lot of trade is being done in
new stuff this year ! One trader in Wim-
borne is clearing made-up bars in great
numbers ; there is a great spread of bees
in Dorset now our County Association has
started propaganda. Work on the farm
takes up so much time that I have to get
the bars made up for me, and have ad-
vised others to do the same, because so
many amateurs in wiring the frames pull
them out of squai'e. To my mind, when
handling bars, if not square they crush
bees when taking out and returning them ;
the wood is cut true, but it is the wiring
that pulls them out of square. If the
brood box is too big the bees will build
by the sides of bars. There should be only
enough space at the ends of bars for bees
to get by, but if the bar is pulled with wire
it makes the bottom of one side touch the
sides of brood box. When the beginner
starts moving bars he will soon find those
that hang well.— ^J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Many S.O.S. 'signals have reached me from
neighbouring apiarists, and many letters
from away. It would appear that every
bee-keeper is, or has been, in trouble over
May Pest. Although in my own home
apiary everything has gone merrily along,
for which one is profonndly thankful, 1
have met with this trouble in neighbour-
ing apiaries which I supervise. It has in
each case passed away, and now there are
no signs of trouble with the improved
weather. With regard to the hives I've
been asked to inspect, and also letteis I
have received, two things have been
noticeable — one that the symptoms in some
cases have been unmistakably those of "Isle
of Wight " disease, the other that there
was not even May Pest about, but simply
an overcrowding, which caused many bees
to seek relief outside, only to be troubled
with the cold winds. One stock I went to
see I asked and received permission to
destroy. "Isle of Wight" symptoms
were all too evident. Please, gentle
reader, don't write asking me how I can
teU whether crawlers are afflicted with

May Pest or "Isle of AVight " disease,
To the observant mind the distinction in
appearance is unmistakable, but it is
rather difficult to define in words. Expert
poultry-keepers can distinguish pullets
from cockerels as soon as they emerge from
the shell, but I've not yet come across
anyone who could explain how. By the
time these words appear in print, no doubt
all signs of May Pest will have disap-
peared, and the owners of bees will be
happy. This spring has been so unusual
that one looks for unusual things. We shall
not forget another year to put extra cover-
ings on our hives at night during such
time the days are warm and the nights are
cold. The swarm I took on Sunday last
being hived on drawn-out combs are estab-
lishing themselves well, and will soon be
ready to go off to the lady who wants
them.

Orders still come, and I have, re-
luctantly to say, all available swarms and
nuclei are booked up. The price and
scarcity of sugar is turning the attention
of thousands to bees, and one gets panic
orders — one lady offering £5 for a swarm.
Visitors come awheel and think by per-
sonal persuasion to . wheedle a nucleus
or swarm out of one, and look glum when
told that all orders were booked many
months ago.

I have been busy making every hive look
in some way unlike the others. This may
sound a fad, but there's sanity in it. Last
year I happened to see a vii'gin queen go
off on her mating flight. She returned
and hovered awhile in doubt as to which
hive she should return, and ultimately
alighted at the wrong home. After per-
forming her apotheka she was about to
enter when half-a-dozen sentinel bees sent
her forth; she again took wing, and re-
turned in about 30 seconds, alighting on
the same board only to be attacked again.
Fortunately, I was able to catch her this
time, and introduce her to her rightful
home, where she was, of course, being
anxiously awaited. I haven't forgotten the
ii^cident. Quite possibly many newly-
mated queens lose their lives in this way ;
and when there are several hives as much
alike as two peas, small wonder that their
majesties get puzzled at times. Some one
will be asking : How is it the worker
bee? do not get puzzled, too? They do.
I have watched young bees pushed off by
their nurses for their first flight return
to the wrong hive, and what is more,
enter without meeting any resistance. I
had two hives — and still have them — two
yards apart, one stock being Dutch and
the other Italian. The queen in each case
was pure, but one could always see Dutch
bees in the Italian hives, and vice versa.
Sentinels will let bees loaded with pollen

May 20, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTmNAL.

243

or honey pass in, but robbers and drones
are kept at bay. How can I keep the two
stocks pure if each sends forth a swarm?
By introducing pure fertile queens. I have
a method of my own in introducing queens.
It has so far proved satisfactory, but before
I give it to the world I want to experi-
ment a little further.

There should be a good time ahead for
apiciilturists. Never have I seen stocks
so strong. Last year I took off my first
section rack by the end of May; I don't
think I shall be so fortunate this year. The
continual cold of April, while not prevent-
ing breeding, resulted in only the very
strongest stocks taking freely to the
supers ; but there is another fortnight to
run before June appears, and a good stock
can do wonders in fourteen days. — E. F.
He^imimg, Steeple Gidding.

Why Bees Swarm.

THE FUTTERSAFT THEORY.

Miss Betts reminds me in the Bee World
of my promise to the B.B.J, of a trans-
lation of Gerstung's " Futtersaftlehre " —
that is, of his theory that the charging of
the milk glands of the nurse bees in ex-
cess of brood requirements automatically
causes swarming. The full translation
would take up too much room, so I shiall
do my best to summarise his argument.

From the bloodstream of any organism
the various parts each take out the ingre-
dients it requires. By the subtraction of
one ingredient some other comes into
greater predominance, and if the proper
organ does not ease that superfluity a
catastrophe threatens. In the bee this
circulation is not confined to the indi-
vidual insect, but carries on through the
whole hive, one bee giving to another its
excess of food, especially its glandular
secretion. Now for a few of Gerstung's
own words : —

" As long as the hive consumes its
stores and no superfluity of raw foodstuff
streams in from outside, the activities of
oflch age-class of the hive members are
able to use up all the blood-content. But
as soon as, through higher temperature
and other favourable conditions, increased
activity and therewith greater eating
takes place, bees of all ages prodtice more
futtersaft or bee blood (say, chyle food)
than is necessarv for the upkeep of their
own organs. The hive passes from the
stato of regeneration to the state of over-
production of tissue material, therefore to
a higher phase of life.

" Let us now observe the result of this
superfluity of life material on individual
hoes. Generally it brings into activity
gome gland which seeks to give away the
guperfluity; for example, the sftlivery

gland of the chyle stomach (vomiting of
Futtersaft and food broth), the wax glands,
production of warmth by breathing, etc.
It matters not by what organ the super-
fluity is got rid of; it goes from one bee
•to another through the blood stream of
the whole hive. All members of the com-
munity produce nourishment and build-
ing-up material in excess of their own
requirements, that must some''ow be
given away. . . . We must see that the
whole chain of hive life represents a great
mill, a unified digestion machine in which,
from the oldest bee to the youngest, bee-
blood is produced from honey and pollen.
What older bees of the chain do not want,
and perhaps cannot use because their
glands have atrophied, streams to the
younger, and vice versa. No keen ob-
server can fail to note an uninterrupted
exchange of nourishment among all mem-
bers of the hive, which can well be called
a futtersaftstrom (stream of chyle food).
.... The stream of superfluity that
flows from the young bees to the old is
apparently of carbo-hydrates, or warmth-
pi oducing, and the stream from older to
younger consists of albumen, or fat.
Now what happens when the young bee
I'eceives the stream? We see the first
result in the distended abdomen that
makes a worker bee seem almost a queen.
The bloated body can take no more ; th©
brooding glands come into activity and a
giving-up of superfluity becomes impera-
tively necessary. At first these young
bees and those standing next to them in
the chain of exchange produce warmth.
By giving up sugar and fat for warmth
production, the albumen becomes predo-
minant in the blood. All the glands come
to bursting-point with albuminous excess.

" Whither shall gush this finest extract
of the bee-blood, the finest extract of the
whole nourishment production of the
whole hive? At first there are no grubs.
Elder sisters get the excess, and then the

queen.

Let me now summarise a little.

The

queen takes pure royal jelly, which she
converts into eggs, the grubs from which
require during the first four days 53 per
pc cent, of albumen in their food. In
three weeks' time these grubs appear
again as still more numerous brood-beea
demanding outlet for their superfluous
albumen.

" We may assume that a young bee re-
quires from 5 to 10 grubs to take her
chyle. A simple sum shows that the bee
community cannot endure on this basis.
Suppose that the queen easily supplies
1,000 eggs for the 100 young bees of the
first brood batch. In three weeks'" time
these thousand nurse bees require 10,000
eggs. That also is child's play for a good
queen. But these 10,000, still more
charged with chyle by reason of still more

244

THE BRITISH BE1B yOXmyAi;. May 20. 1920.

favourable weather conditions, will be let
loose on the queen in three weeks' time.
They demand within three weeks 100,000
eggs. The very best queen cannot supply
them, for her limit is 3,500 to 4,000 per
day. At first follows a general enriching
of the organism of the young bee, a stor-
ing of growth material in young bee
bodies, the well-known overfeeding of
brood bees. The young bees require the
expenditure of sugar for warmth produc-
tion, and that still more brings the albu-
men into excess. The wax glands come
into play, and cells are built that shall
contain still greater devourers of albumen
■ — that is, drones, whose food averages 55
per cent, of albumen in the first four days.
So by comb production and drone raising
the stress of the glands is relieved. . . .
But the drones are fourteen days in the
cells (after spinning up), during which
time they cannot relieve the nurses of
the food they a^e bursting with, and
^yery day emerge fresh nurses also burst-
ing to feed something." Gerstung then
shows how inevitable it has become that
queen cells shall be built, whose tenants
can take a great deal of royal jelly, and,
in fact, never consume all that is poxired
upon them. That seems to be the pith of
a long chapter in which the theory is set
forth. It shows us clearly enough a
theory of swarming that seems to have a
great deal in it, and the lines on which we>
must work in order to stave it og. — G. G.
Desmond, Shepscombe, Glos.

Re-Stocking Schemes.

By J. Price.

Since the destruction of so many stocks
or bees by " Isle of "Wight " disease a
great deal of interest has been taken in
restocking devastated areas. Associations
have given serious attention to this in
order to restock their members' apiaries
and so retain their subscriptions.

Private individual bee-keepers have
been more cautious in getting fresh
stock, many anxiously awaiting "the dis-
covery of some cure, others have plunged,
having placed confidence in the many
reported cures, only to find disappoint-
ment in the end. At the present time
Ave are still waiting anxiously for the
arrival of this something that will re-
lieve us of this plague; at the same time
restocking is going along on a large scale.

Therefore, my remarks on the above
subject are for the purpose of assisting
those that intend to restock, whether
they are individual bee-keepers, bee-
keepers' associations, or county restock-
ing committees.

To me there appear to be three vital
points that are absolutely necessary

before we can hope for success in this
venture, and I am afraid that these three
things have not always been taken into
account; at the same time, I admit it is
very difficult in some cases to secure
them.

I will ^enumerate them as follows : —
First, clean, untainted bees; second, a
stock of clean appliances; and third, a
clean district for the apiary. I remember
that in 1908, when this disease was still
Inlaying havoc on the apiaries in the Isle
of Wight, the bee-keepers of the main-
land attempted to help their unfortunate
brother bee-keepers by sending them
gifts of fresh stock from England. Un-
fortunately, this generosity but added
fresh fuel to the fire, and it would have
been a wonder if they had remained
healthy.

In those days we knew so little about
the disease that it was excusable, and so
I pass on.

Since then I know of at least one asso-
ciation that attempted to restock their
members' apiaries on a plan very excel-
lent in theory, but not at all practical.

It was as follows : — Bees were pur-
chased by the association, split up into
nuclei, and sent out to any members that
were prepared to give a nucleus from this
stock to isome other member the next
year. This would have been an excellent
plan had the three points I have men-
tioned been taken into account, and had
they been possible.

Unfortunately, the whole thing was a
failure because the nuclei sent out into
the various districts went into infected
areas, and so, in course of time, they fell
victims to the disease. This is now the
most serious matter in restocking, bnt
has been relieved somewhat by the selec-
tion of resistant bees. Nevertheless, I
am afraid, in the near future those re-
stocking committees that have not taken
this into account will probably have difl&-
culties to face. I admit it is a most
difficult matter without legislation, but
every endeavour should be made by the
person expecting bees from the apiaries
to see to it that his district is clean. If
ix, is not so, the least he can do then will
be to report it before receiving the bees,
and then hope for the best. The com-
mittee of the restocking apiaries will then
be able to make investigations, and I be-
lieve the county bee committees could do
a great work in this way, as a letter from
them would carry such a great weight,
and thus help in getting infection re-
moved.

The Kent restocking scheme has proved
a success, mainly because resistant bees
of a hybrid strain have been sent out.
This is undoubtedly a great point, and
no doubt the Government restocking

May 80, 1920. THE BRTTISH BEE JOTTRNAL.

245

schenie has its main value in resistant
bees.

There is still another restocking scheme
which has been an nnbounded success,
which readers of The Bee Jouknal have
heard very little about, and in which the
English bee only was used. It is a well-
known fact that the north countryman is
not the person accustomed to crack of his
good things before everybody; hence, I
presume, this is the explanation for
silence on the above scheme.

In reciting this case, I do so to show
that it is possible to make a restocking
scheme a success if the three points- men-
tioned above are attainable. From 1911
to 1916 the Keswick district in Cumber-
land was reeking with " Isle of Wight ''
disease, and very few bees were left for
miles around.

In the latter year, whilst I was touring
expert for that county, a restocking
scheme was suggested, and a local com-
mittee, consisting of the most active bee-
keepers in the district, was formed. It
was arranged for this committee to go in
pairs, each pair to visit every place in
their appointed districts where bees had
been known to have been kept. Tkey
were instructed by the Association tliat,
if persuasion failed in removing infected
appliances and bees, to ^uy them, and
burn them on the spot. Happily, with
the aid of the local Press calling attention
to this matter, not one objector was
found and no purchase-money was needed.
In the meantime my portion of work
consisted of appealing to more fortunate
members residing in districts where
disease was unknown at that time for
offers of swarms and nuclei, the result
being that I received four lots from
Kendal district and two others from
South-West Cumberland.

An excellent site for the apiary was
offered, free of charge, by Mr. R. Slack,
Derwent Hill, Keswick, and a quantity
of hives were loaned by another indi-
vidual, so that in the summer of 1916
this restocking apiary was established,
having those three essentials, clean hees
and appliances and a clean district. ^

Under the able management of Mr. E.
Just, of Portinscale, this apiary has been
a decided success, the whole district has
been restocked with bees, and itow it is
intended to use tlais apiary as the county
restocking apiary for Cumberland, at the
same time removing a portion of the
stocks to Kendal to establish a restocking
apiary for Westmorland.

It was a great pleasure to me to visit
this apiary and also the district during
the railway strike last September. I met
many old friends who were jubilant over
their bees and the success that had
attended their scheme, and yet had re-

tained the native bee, with all its good
qualities. It will be observed that no
control could be used against infected
bees being again imported into the dis-
trict; therefore the Fell district bee-
keepers are anxiously awaiting the pro-
tective measure called " legislation ' ' to
make them safe.

{To he continued.)

Fixing Foundation,

Perhaps a few remarks on the above
may not be out of place at the present
time.

I want first of all to say that no one
should for a moment tolerate frames with
saw cuts through the top bars. These, as
has often been pointed out, form the
finest harbours imaginable for wax cgiter-
pillars. By the use of plain top bars
these pests are reduced to a minimum,
even in neglected hives. The cut also
greatly weakens the top bar, and disposes
it to twist sideways, and it will be found
a very common occurrence for split top
bars to be in the shape more or less of a
bow.

The wedge and groove principle is
better, and not much can be said against
it except for extra expense and the extra
time which it takes to fix foundation by
it. At least to me it is a most awkward
and inconvenient plan. Another plan
which I use is simply a shallow
groove in the top bar in which to insert
the foundation, running a little wax
along each side.

But I have for some years now used a
perfectly plain top bar. It saves founda-
tion, and* I- find "that with a little prac-
tice I can fix my foundation more quickly
in this way than in any other. The
method is this: —

First wire your frame, next take the
sheet of foundation, and with a rule and
a knife shave a very narrow strip from
the top edge, so that the top edge is per-
fectly straight, and will touch the top
bar evenly all along. Then lay the sheet
on the wiring board, and place the wired
frame over it, so that the top bar touches
the foundation. Then lift board, founda-
tion and frame up on end at such an
angle that a little hot wax (not too hot)
can be run down where the wax and the
frame meet. If desired to wax both sides
turn board and frame over, and lift off
the board, when the foundation will be
found to lie on the wires with its top
edge fixed. Then run a little wax down
the other side. Then with embedder you
can embed the wires. If the wires are
parallel from end to end of the frame it
is easy with the little finger to pull their

246

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. May 20, 1920.

centres down a little while embedding,
so that there is less likelihood of the
foundation sagging.

By this method I have wired a very
large number of frames, and have hardly
ever had a breakdown.

Of course, I need not say that'eacb
process should be done on the number of
frames required at once, and not as de-
tailed above, each frame completed sepa-
rately. First wire, say, 50 frames^ then
shave the foundation, then wax them to
the top bar, etc.

I should say that in handling frames
in which the foundation is waxed to the
top bar and in which the wire is not em-
bedded, they must always be held with
the wires under, so that the foundation
lie.<! on them.

This takes long to describe, but is in
practice a quick way, and by it good
combs are produced, with no weak and
unsightly top bars, which spoil the ap-
pearance of so many hives.

One special tool is necessary — a wax
smelter, with a water jacket.

Much has lately been said in the U.S.
bee Press about the wiring of frames. I
think there is no way equal to wires
placed parallel and lengthways. Two
for shallow frames, four for standard,
five for 16 x 10, and I should think six
or seven for 14 x 12. The top wire f in.
from the top bar, the next about 1 in.
below, and so on, wider as you get
further from the top. If the wires are
stre+f'hod a litle down in the middle when
embeddino;. no sagging will ever occur
with good foundation. If people could
fairlv generally adopt this method it
would be easy, I expect, to get frames
with end bars neatlv pierced ready for
wiring, M'birh -would be a great saving of
labour. Hooks I abbor, because it is so
difficult to cut out old combs.

One other point. Foundation is rarely
made loide enough to fill up to within
I in. of the bottom bar. In many cases,
when fixed in a saw cut or groove, it
leaves a considerable space between the
comb and the bottom bar, which the bees
rarely filL This woakens the comb, be-
sides restricting the breeding space.—
K. B. Manley.

[We can thoroughly recommend this
method of fixing foundation, as we have
used it for a number of years row. The
onlv difference between Mr. Manley's pro-
cedure and our own is that we prefer to
embed the wire before waxing the founda-
tion. There is one other advantage of a
plain top bar. It is easier to clean than
the split bar, as in the latter there is not
oMy the groove to contend with, but very
orten one-half of the bar is lower iha>n
the other.— Eds.]

Notes on Bee Keeping.

The cold, wet weather we have experi-
enced of late up here in the North is
serious for our bees. Strong stocks kept
active indoors brood-rearing, and unable
to take a cleansing flight owing to
climatic conditions, will prove disastrous
to our bees should it continue. Have had
to give a spare comb of honey to each
stock to keep them in a prosperous con-
dition ready to take advantage of an
early noney flow, which seems likely if
the weather will only take up. There is
a possibility of plenty of stocks going
under this spring if not fed, because of
the unusually mild winter we have passed
through. Stores must be used up, and
if a stock finds itself in a starving con-
dition the bees are almost sure to destroy
the maturing brood. In addition to bee
life, fruit trees have suffered heavily. I
was noticing the young shoots qn the
gooseberry and black currant trees
twisted and broken oflf with the recent
gales, while the apple trees appear to be
changing colour from green to brown.
The next two or three weeks might bring
a change for the better. I usually super
al the end of May. Placing supers on a
hive is a very important manipulation.
There may be, perhaps, with many bee-
keepers very little importance attached
to the manner in which supers. are placed
on a hive ; in fact, in many cases they
are simply " clapt " on, the cover re-
placed, and then left -to their (or rather
the bees') fate. No notice of season is
taken ; they may be put on in March,
if there are a few fine days, or in July,
when most of the harvest is over, as
would be the case here. What is required
is observation. When colonies arc
strong — which means that they must be
thickly packed with bees on nine or ten
frames — it will be time then to think of
supers. How often do we find the ques-
tion asked : " When does the honey flow
commence? " An observant bee-keeper
will know at a glance when this takes
place. If there are few flowers blossom-
ing it will not be necessary to examine
the bees, but as soon as the meadows and
hedgerows begin to be well sprinkled with
the advance guard of the army of wild
flowers to follow, then remove the quilts
from off the frames, and note whether the
cells on top of the combs are beginning
to be elongated. This can easily be seen
by the new (white) wax with which the
bees are adding to the walls, that they
may accommodate the precious nectar
that is then commencing to be produced
by the flowers ; if this is so, the supers
must be put on at once. The super
must now be wrapped up as warm as
possible, to prevent any sudden change
iu the outside temperature being felt

May 20, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOnRNAL.

247

within. If a super is ill-protected, the
bees will on a cold night descend into
the brood-chamber for warmth. And all
work is suspended in the super during
this time, and it will be quite late in the
morning before it will be again filled
with bees, perhaps a loss of twelve hours
out of twenty-four being the result. For
bees work almost as energetically between
sunset and sunrise as they do during the
day, but this work is confined to the hive,
such as comb-building, feeding larvae.,
evaporating and sealing over honey, etc.
Some bee-keepers are in the habit of only
using one shallow frame super, and re-
moving combs as fast as they are filled
and sealed over. This is a bad practice,
for nothing discourages the bees more
than this ; in fact, some bee-keepers have
often found them discontinue work in the
super for the rest of the season when
treated in this manner. A good motto
is handle supers, not frames and sec-
tions.— P. Lythgoe, Padgate, Warring-
ton, Lanes.

Echoes from Cornwall.

Heavy S.W. winds and gales for nearly
six weeks have worked havoc with the
fruit trees, etc. If fire had gone
through, it could not have blasted
worse. Most. stocks hereabouts are rather
weak, so that prospects up to now are
not too rosy. Many brother bee-keepers
have lost all their stocks ; others have
only two or three left out of a dozen
or so. The bees have been out, but,
strange to say, the fruit trees seem to
have been left severely alone.

Yesterday and to-day (May 8 and 9)
have been glorious, and all stocks were ex-
ceedingly busy carrying; in pollen in huge
yellow and white pellets, and there is
that peculiar odour of brood rearing
aboTTt the apiary. If this weather holds
up I hope the weak stocks will rapidlv
improve in time for the clover, which
usually appears about the end of June
here. I notice, like Eev. E. F. Hemming,
that there is May Pest about, and I have
a slight bit of it in my own apiary, but
hope this lovely weather will soon make
it disappear.

It is really pathetic to see the bees
with swollen abdomens, vainly trying to
fly, but they drop down and run wildly
hither and thither ; some manage to re-
lieve themselves and flv off with a hum of
joy, others fall and die. What a fright
I had at first on seeing them unable to
flv. but what a relief to notice that the
wings were not apparently disjointed,
and no combs at all spoiled by excreta,
as in " I.O.W." disease.

All the bees are verv sprightly, in spito
of their malady, eo I have great hopes

yet. We do not expect to obtain sec- '
tions, or extracted honey, in these parts
for at least another month or six weeks.
The horse chestnuts and sycamores are
not in bloom yet, but " the best is yet
to be."

The plums they absolutely ignored, and
only a few on the gooseberries, but they
are working the currants just now I see,
yet we are still associated with the feeder,
and seem likely to be for a while.

I have a friend in York who has lost
his stocks and cannot obtain any in his
vicinity. Can any brother bee-keeper
oblige him thereabouts at a moderate
price? He is a jolly good fellow, and
not returned long from France.

It is now time for me to be seeing to
my feeders, so will bring this to a close,
with best wishes to all. — A. D. Bennett.

Royal Show Fund.

The Council of British Bee-keepers'
Association are anxious to take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show may not be spoilt. In order to
defray the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that all bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which should be sent as early as possible
to the Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

Subscriptions for this fund are coming
in very slowly, and we would urge all
those who can possibly do so to send a
'donation, however small. The sum
needed is not, comparatively, large and if
every one does a little should be easily
forthcoming. " The Royal " is the show
of the year, when the value of bee-
keeping, and of the use of honey, to the
community is brought to the notice of
hundreds of people, and should the
Bee and Honey Department have to be
dropped for lack of funds, the loss to
bee-keeping will be out of all proportion
to the amount needed to carry on. May
we also urge all those who can do so to
make an entry, and exhibit at the
Darlington show. A good display will
help both the show and the craft. We
are sure our bee-keeping friends in the
North are looking forward to a good
display of honey, etc., at this year's
Royal Show.

DONATIONS RECEIVED.

£ s. d.

Amount received ... ... 4 8 0

C. S. M. Bales 110

Dr. J. Loane 0 10 0

G. Brvden 0 10 0

igQ 9 0

348

THE BRITISH BEE jrOTJRyAL. May 20, 1920.

Eastbourne & District Bee-Keepers
Association.

This Society completed its first year of
existence in. March last, and celebrated its
birthday by giving an open, free lecture
in the Lecture Room of the Technical In-
stitute, Eastbourne, where an audience,
which qilite filled the room, listened with
unusual interest to an excellent lantern
lecture by Mr. Judge, the well known and
popular secretary of the Kent B.K.A.
From very small beginnings this new Asso-
ciation is steadily spreading its influence,
and the " district " it covers continues to
increase. To obtain about 80 subscribing
members in its first year shows that its
aims are appreciated. During the year
the members met one evening every
month, when addresses were given on sea-
sonable subjects and general discussions
followed.

During the summer five outdoor demon-
strations were given at the apiaries of
mejnbers, and at one of these Mr. Pryor,
of the Kent B.K.A., was good enough to
spend several hours going through a sea-
son's work, demonstrating his methods as
he went along. Thanks to the generosity
of one or two members, it has been possible
to supply monthly a copy of Bee Craft to
all members, and still end the year with
a creditable balance in hand. The enclosed
notice on diseases will show, Mr. Editor,
that in some respects at least this Society
is being conducted on right lines : —

Eastbotjbne and Disteict Bee-keepees'
Association.

As there have been a number of cases of
" Isle of Wight" disease in this district,
the Committee are anxious that all mem-
bers should realise the importance of tak-
ing immediate measures to deal with this
and other diseases.

In doubtful cases, or where members do
not feel themselves competent to take the
necessary steps, help will be available at
once upon application to the Hon. Secre-
tary. The early employment of the
proper remedies will generally result in
the saving of a stock, and will certainly
help to prevent the spread of disease.

It is not fair to neighbours to leave
stocks alone when their appearance shows
that disease is present. One of the chief
objects of the Association is to free the
district from disease and keep it clean.

Should members unfortunately lose
their stocks by disease, the Association
will endeavour to start them again with
a healthy nucleus the following year.

W. P. GORNALL,

Chairman.
By co-operative buying, by free assist-
ance willingly given to member* ip ner^

of it, and by many other small acts c f
mutual kindness, this Society is growing
weekly, and hopes to make itself known
as a real live Society.

Requests for membership come from
places further and further afield, and with
the hope that this may meet the eyes of
some of these outlying bee-keepers, with
your permission, Mr. Editor, the writer
will end by giving the address of the ener-
getic Hon. Secretary — Mr. W. H. Nurse,
7, Ocklynge Avenue, Eastbourne. — (Com-
municated.)

The Origin of "Tanging."

[10185] The very interesting sugges-
tion as to the origin of " tanging "
made by your correspondent, Miss Annie
D. Betts appears to be worthy of very
careful consideration and investigation.

The two reasons usually given for the
custom are mutually destructive, and
whatever may bfe the value of " tang-
ing" for giving notice of ownership, I
can Bnd not the slightest proof that
"tanging" causes bees to settle.

In answer to the letter I sent you,
which you inserted in the Journal a
short time since, I have received a good
many replies informing me that swarms
did settle when " tanged," but no single
instance of anything like proof that the
settlement was the result of the
" tanging."

If Miss Betts' suggestion is the cor-
rect one — as I think most probable — that
the clanging of metal was believed to be
effectual in driving away evil spirits,
this course would naturally be adopted
to prevent evil spirits from driving away
the bees.

Hence, if they settled near home, the
magic was successful.

From this it was a short step to be-
lieve, as the old faith grew dim, that
the noise of clashing metal caused bees
to settle.

I hope Miss Betts will pursue the in-
vestigation, for which all lovers of bee
lore should be most grateful. — N. F.

ROBARTS.

Bees Building Comb Upwards.

[10186] In reply to vour corre-
spondent, A. C. Grimshaw (10,161), I do
not think it at all an uncommon occur-
rence for bees to build combs upwards,
as some of my bees do this nearly every
spring. Only yesterday, April 8, I found
thr*** of nay st^v>ks ha^ built 'about IJ in.

May 20, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAE

of comb upwards from the tops of frames
into the empty glass-covered candy boxes.
It appears that as they consume the
candy the comb is built to fill up the
empty space, it being well known that
bees will very rarely tolerate an empty
space above the combs. — W. T. Howlett.

vtmS^.

Bee-Keeping in California.

[9903] Do you consider California a
good place to start bee-farming? I
understand there is very little rain in
summer. Would there be a succession of
crops, and what would be a fair average
of comb honey per hive and price? I am
50 years of age, with experience in bee-
keeping. I would work and keep a num-
ber of hives at first, and increase as I
could. I would go slowly at first. A
reply in next week's Journal would
oblige yours, etc., Anxious.

Reply. — Some districts of California
are very good for bee-keeping, especially
the canyons in the mountains, where sage
is plentiful. California sage produces
some of the finest white honey, and in
some seasons very abundantly. An apiary
situated on a level spot, if such can be
found, well protected by the sides of the
mountain covered with sage, is a good
locality, as. the bee-pasturage is at close
range and within easy reach of the bees.
There is about one good yield of sage
honey in five years. During the months
of May and June, when the sage is in
bloom, it is a very busy time for the bee-
keeper. There are other flowers, but of
minor importance, but honey is obtained
from alfalfa, where it is cultivated, and
also from orange blossoms where orange
trees are grown in any quantity. There
is no great succession of crops, as there
is no rain during the summer months.
The present price of Californian honey
by the car-load free on board is from
14 to 18 cents. The rainfall is uncertain,
and when there is a lack of it at the
proper time the outlook, like that of this
year, is very unpromising. The honey
market this year is rather dull owing, it
is said, to high prices. At your age we
would not recommend you to start bee-
farming in California, as the life in some
of these lonely mountain canyons is ex-
tremely lonely and arduous, and for the
fehort honey season the work is very hard.
If you could find a suitable place in the
plains where alfalfa is grown and irriga-
tion carried on it would not be so hard.

Will Miss E. Tilt, Essex, whose query wo
answered in B.B.J, for April 22, kindly send
her address. "We have mislaid it, and nave a
letter to forward.

C M. P. (LO-W.).— Preventing propolising.—We
do not know of any other method than applying
vaseline.

" Novice " (Yaieley).— Transferring bees from bom
to frame hive.— iit up a movable comb hive
with frames fitted with foundation. Take
the bottom off the box a^d stand it on the top
of the frames, making all secure so that bees
can only get in and out through the legitimate
entrance. When there is brood in the new combs
see that the queen is on them, and place a queen
excluder under the box. It may be necessary
to " drive " the box in order to find the queen.
Three weeks later all the brood in the box will
have emerged from the cells, and the box and
combs may be removed.

"Novice" (Tunbridge Wells).— Alighting boari
spotted with excreta.— The excreta from diseased
bees is generally a dark brown, but varies from
that to yellow. The colour of excreta cannot be
taken as indicating disease.

E. W. {Dellhnvn).— Feeding with honey from
diseased bees. — It is much better not to use such,
honey for this purpose. If you do so, add about
J pint of water to each pound, boil for 15 to 20
minutes, and when cool medicate it. The hives
and frames will be safe after your treatment.
The wires will not be affected by formalin.

J. W. White (Gloucester).— Maying artificial
swarm.— (1) Yes, the old flying bees will return
to the original stand. These will form the
" swarm." The young bees will stay at the new
location. (2) Cut the projecting cells down. (3)
Yes, but do not stuff the entrance so tightly as
he says. (4) Yes.

Suspected Disease.

"GrOPALTis," p. C. (Grantown.on-Spey), J. Tuen-
BLLL (Haydon Bridge), M. E. W.— The bees are
affected with " I.O.W." disease.

E. V. (Brackley).— (1) Chilled brood. (2) A couple
of the dead larvae. .

F. M. (Eastbourne), D. P. (Dingwell), X. T. Z.
(Middlesex).— We do not find any disease.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2s. f>d. is made for notices
(not exceeding 7 lines) in this column, 10 linea
charged 3s. 6d., up to 15 lines 6s., which covert i
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

June 2-5, at Reading.— Royal Counties' Agri-
cultural Society's Show. Hon Sec, 131, King's
Koad, Reading. Honey entries closed.

June 9 and 10, at Colchester.— Essex Agricul-
tural Society. Classes for Extracted and Comb
Honey, etc. Schedules from Secretary, Essex Bee-
keepers' Association, 7, Bulwer Road. Leytonstone.
Entries close May 31.

June 16 and 17.— Hanley Park Meeting of the
Staffordshire Agricultural Society. The Stafford-
shire B.K.A. offer valuable prizes and elx silver
medals and nine bronze medals. Twelve Classes
for members only, and five Open Classes. (Honey
Classes are for four or three jars or sections).
Schedules, W. Griffitns Silkmore, Stafford.
Entries close May 29.

June 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Royal
Agricultural Society's Show. Bee and Honey
Section, under the direction of the B. B.K.A. Prizes
arranged in groups of counties for Associations
affiliated to the B.B K.A. Schedules from Th«
Secretary, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2.
Entries close May 31,

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.— Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show. The Glamorgan B.K.A.,

250

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. May 20, 1920.

In conjunction with R.H.S., offer prizes for Honey,
Wax, iJees. and Appliances. Members, Novices,
and Open Classes. Schedules, Mr. Wiltshire,
Maindy School. Cardiff. Entries close June 22.

July 15 and 16, at Grimsby.— Lincolnshire
Agricultural Society. Show of Bee Appliancto,
Honey, Sections, Wax, etc., under the manage-
ment of the Lines B.K.A. Open and County
Classes. Valuable prizes.— Schedules from Major
Hadfield, Alford, Lines. Entries close June 12.

July 20 to 23, at Aberdeen.- Highland and
Agricultural Society. Classes for Bee Appliances
and Honey. Premiums £53 lOs. Half of Prize
Money and Silver and Bronze Medals contributed
by the Scottish Bee-keepers* As-sociation.— Entry
forms from John Stirton, Secretary. 3, George IV.
Bridge, Edinburgh.

Monday and Tuesday, August 2 and 3, at
Newport.— Monmouthsliire Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Annual Show (in connection with the New-
port Allotment Holders' Association). Members
and Open Classes.— Schedules (post free 3d.) from
Hon. Sec, " Underwood," Portskewett," near
Chepstow, Monmouthshire. Entries close
July 26.

August 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal prizes.
—Schedules from Mr. F. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

Weather Report.

Westbourne, April, 1920.

Rainfall, 2 '59 in.

Heaviest fall, "50 in.
on 11th.

Rain fell on 22 days.

Above average, 'SSin.

Maximum tempera-
ture, 60 on 10th and
23rd.

Minimum tempera-
ture, 33 on 22nd and
30th.

Minimum on grass, 27

on 22nd.
Frosty nights, 0.
Mean maximum, 54 "2.
Mean minimum, 43 1.
Mean temperature, 48 6
Above average, 2 '5
Maximum barometer,

30-249 on 24th.
Minimum barometer.

29-136 on 13th.

L. B. BiRKETT.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

TWO strong Colonies, perfectly healthy, supeied
up in double-walled bar-framed hives, in good
condition; removing reason for selling; price £10
the lot.— JONES, The Elms, Ashford. Middlesex.

e.43

WILL exchange two Hives, disease free, in
good condition, for two Swarms, or one
10-frame Stock, English Bees.— DYSON. Chemist,
Alfreton, Derby. e.44

PURE Light Cambridgeshire Honey for Sale in
28-lb. tins, £1 16s. per tin.— WELLS, Bowers
Lane, Isleham, Cambs. e.45

SEVERAL HIVES, in good condition, for sale,
cheap.— Particulars free, AVERY, Deverill,
Warminster. e.46

I^IVB FRAMES, capped brood, well covered with
bees, good frames (not old), 1919 Queen;
Dutch hybrids, 60s. Money returned if not up to
specification.— H. WILCOX, 46, Lyndon Road,
Olton, Warwicks. e.47

ITALI.VNS.— Choice strain (Penna's extra se-
lected). Spare nuclei, 33s., delivered. In-
quiries stamp.- Box 000, B.B.J. Office. 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, W.C.2. c.48

WO New Hives, painted, £1 2e. and £1 Ss.
each.— GREEN, Woodville, Laindon. e.S2

T

S

TRONG, natural Swarms, 403,— NORTH, Crest-
ing, Braintree, Essex. e.8T

FOR SALE, Honey Extractor; will take two
Standard frames or shallows, complete, with
covers and in good condition; price 60s.— MOSES,
743, Holderness Road, Hull. e.50

WANTED, Swarms of Bees, Italians, Dutch-
Italian hybrids. State price. — REV.
EVANS, The Rectory, Llangammarch '^jV^ells. e.51

WANTED, a few 1919 Queens of good strain.
Cages sent if desired.— J. MOORE, Bleasby.
Notts. e.54

PURE light Cambridge Honey (guaranteed),
281b. tins 42s., carriage paid; sample 4d.— .J.
YOUNGER, 6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge, e.56

TWO excellent 1919 Queens for sale, 10s. 6d. each.
—MR. LAMB, 7, Redbourne Avenue. Church
End, Finchley, N.3. e.SS

ITALIAN BEES.— Five stocks on 10 frames.
£4 10s. each; one stock in skep, £2 10s.; one
strong swarm on 10 combs, £3; all carriage paid.
Travelling boxes 10s. extra, refunded on return.
No disease in apiary. W.B.C. hives if required,
30s. each.— BRISCOE, " Ashmore," Fairview Road,
Sutton, Surrey. e.60

FOR SALE, two Hives, large brood chamber, 15
frames, condition as new, exceptionally well
made; 30s. each, or nearest offer; sundries In-
cluded.-CROSSLEY, Consall, Stoke-on-Trent. e.61

TWO strong Stocks of Bees for sale ; also a Hive.
— CHALEEL, Teignmouth. e.62

HEN and 19 Chicks, hatched May 10, pure Leg-
horns and Wyandottes, 75s.; ditto, and 11
chicks, 38s. 6d.— W. WOODS, Normandy, near
Guildford. e.63

FOR- SALE, a few 19W Hybrid Queens, from
this year's purchased stocks; price 7s. 6d.
each.— ASHWORTH, The Bungalow, Weymouth
Street, Warminster. e.64

TWO 8-frame Stocks of guaranteed healthy
golden Italians, £4 10s. each, cash. Box re-
turnable.—COX, 116, Addison Road. King's Heath.
Birmingham. e.65

ITALIAN BEES, very strong stock, on ten
Standard frames, guaranteed free from disease,
£5. Box 10s. allowed for returned, carriage paid
Attleborough. Stamp reply.-CLEWLOW, Codsall,
Wolverhampton. e.66

FOR SALE, strong 10-frame Stock Black Bees,
re-O'ieened August. 1919; £3. Immediate de-
livery.- WALLACE, Hedenham Lodge, Bungay.

e.67

S

TRONG Stocks for sale, 1919 Queens, 7 frames;
£3 109.— JAMES, Alexandra Park, Penarth.

e.68

STRONG healthy Swarms booked for delivery in
May and June £2 each.— MRS. LUSCOMBE.
The Cottage, South Darloth. e.71

inn ^^'^ Standard Frames, wired, fitted Tay-
J-v/U lor's weed foundation, 12s. doz., carriage
paid; crate of 60, carriage paid, 57s.— W. G
BRANDISH, Ettington, Stratford-on-Avon. e.70

I70R SALE, two 10-frame Stocks, ready for
supers, £6 eich; 6-frame Nucleus, £3; Swarm,
on four frames, £2.— Box 84, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, W.C.2. €.83

171OR SALE, eight hives and strong stocks of
bees, Italian and Carniolan, with young
Queens, separately £8 each hive lot £60. With
appliances and ge.Tred extractor, £10 extra.— Anply
A. J. RAYMENT. 50 Chandos Avenue. Whet-
stone, N.20. e.83

SALE, two Hives (Taylor's), Smoker, and Tin
Dividers, all new la-st year.— Box 85. B.B.J.
OEBce, 23. Bedford Street. W.C.2. e.M

May 20, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

261

SURPLUS QUEENS— Dutch and Hybrid VirgiiiB
from County Re-stocking Apiary, 4s. 6d.
«3acli.— ANDREWS, Expert, 78a, Westgate, Peter-
boro'. e.81

SWARMS, healthy, splendid strain, 40s.; Clover
Honey, 15 lbs., 30s.— NORTH, Cressing, Brain-
tree, Essex. r.e.26

SIX new standard Hives, unused, all inch
material, double walled, movable bottom, 356.
each.— MARTIN, 66, Stratford Road. Wolverton,
Bucks. e.27

SALE, British Bee Jouhnal, 1917-April, 1920.
What offer?— MRS. NORRIS-ELYE, Utterby
Rectory, Louth, Lincolnshire. e.32

WARMS for Sale. Orders booked now.— COLE,
Hornsey High School, Weston Park, N.8.

r.e.oJ

S

SWARMS.— May, £3; June, 50s.— SAUNDERS,
Waverley, Earnham, Surrey. e.39

FOR SALE, six frames of healthy honey-fed
Bees, never had any disease in apiary, £3 10s.
and 10s. charged on travelling box, from which
carriage of bees is deducteil and balance returned
to buyer.— REED, Primrose House, Heacham,
Norfolk. - r.e.20

ORRESPONDENCE. COURSES in Bee-keeping.

— H. E. NEWTON, Brown House, Barton-on-

Sea, Hants. r.d.l57

WANTED, from August 22 to September 4, in
Cornwall or Devon, within 12 miles or so of
6ea, Bedroom and Sitting Room, with ehed for
motor car; farmhouse preferred. Can any bee-
keeper oblige me?— W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road. Luton. Beds.

FOR SALE, two "Rotax Roadlight 267" self-
contained Acetylene Motor Headlights, very
powerful, £6 the pair; one Exhaust Whistle, 10s.;
one Wood-Milne Motor Foot Pump, 40e.—
HERROD-HEMPSALL, as above.

WANTED, portable Greenhouse.— Price and
particulars to W. UEEROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road, Luton, Beds.

WANTED, Auster Rear Wind Screen for motor
car.— HERROD-HEMPSALL, u above.

BUSrN£SS ADVERTISEAKIIirTS.

IJd. per word.

DUTCH BEES, Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthes), Nuclei, Queens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.—Buy direct from Sole Agent, WHTTE, Bee
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire. b.61

KCiCi ^^^Sin Italian Queens for sale during the
OUU season, from now onwards, 5s. each. Fer-
tile Queens, June, onwards, 10s. Orders in rota-
tion.—JACK TICKELL, Weotbourne Apiary, Chel-
tenham. e.55

3 -FRAME Italian Nuclei, crowded, quickly build
up full strength, May delivery 55s.. June 456.
Box returnable. Satisfaction guaranteed.— H.
BOWREY, Swallowfield, Berks. e.57

IF it is Italian Queens, Nuclei, or swarms you
require, try my Welsh bred ones, equal to any.
better than many.— BOOBIER. Bishopston, Swan-
sea. ,e-59

STRONG, healthy stocks Bees for sale, from
£3 3s. Orders now being booked for delivery
in June.— MISS PELLY, Lodge, Witham, Essex.

e.69

PURE (Jolden and three-band Italian Bees and
Queens; prolific and gentle; the ideal bee for
pleasure and profit.— COOMBER, 64, Ronald Park
A-venue, Westcliff, Essex. e.38

ITALIAN 4-FRAME NUCLEI, Penna Queen,
covered bees and brood, 65s.; boxes 10s., return-
able. 1920 Penna imported Queens, lis. each.
Large stock " ^V.B.C." Hives and Apiary Sup-
plies; bargain.— C. HOG AN, Boxford, Suffolk.

r.e.80

Kn— 7K 3-FRAME Nuclei Italian Hybrids, 1920
0\J t O Queens, proved disease-resisting strain
auu excellent, honey gatherers. Delivery early
June onwards; orders executed in rotation. Price
45s. each, carriage paid; travelling boxes to be
returned.— Further particulars, HOSEGOOD, 26,
Purvey Park Road, Purley, Surrey. r.e.86

4-FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queeiji, 503., June delivery; 6-frame Stocks,
70b.; 8-frame Stocks, 90s.; immediate delivery; box
charged 10s., returnable; Italian Fertile Queens,
10s. 6d. All orders in strict rotation Cash with
order.— LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess
Hill, Sussex. e.78

3-FRA,ME NUCLEI, with Fertile Queen, 37s. 6d.;
case 5s., returnable; cash with order.— W.
WOODS, Normandy, near Guildford. e.78

NUCLEI, 3 frames, 1920 Queen, immediate
delivery, £3 3s.; June delivery, £2 2s.—
LARMUTH, Hillside, Monahan Avenue, Purley.

e.77

MY CHAMPION STRAIN OF HYBRIDS.—
1920 3-frame Nuclei, immediate delivery, 45s.;
box and carriage free; Fertiles, 8s.; Virgins, 4s.
Guaranteed healthy.— LOWE, Park Road Apiary,
Chihvell. Notts. e./6

ITALIAN COLONIES.— Simmins and Penna
strains; 8 frames, £4 15s.; Nuclei, 3 frames,
45s. Five per cent, discount to members of
Middlesex Bee-keepers' Association.— BABBAGB,
33, Whitestile Rd., Brentford. r.e.75

C1AMBS MAY STOCKS! CAMBS MAY
/ SWARMS!— All our Black and Hybrid Stocks
must be moved out by June 1. Send for price
list. May Swarms, as thej; come, not less than
4 lbs., 8s. per lb.; travelling boxes 10s. extra,
returnable. Some time in June we will supply 8-lb.
Swarms to fill those American or 16. in. x 10 in.
frame hives.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway,
Cambridge. e.73

PENNA QUEENS, 1920, DIRECT FROM
BOLOGNA.— We have bought all queens that
may become available through cancellations of
orders at the queen-rearing apiaries of Enrico
Penna, Bologna. We offer these queens at Penna's
advertised prices, viz.. May and June, 12s. each;
July and August, IOb. each; September, 9s.—
SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. e74

ORDERS booked for Swarms, all guaranteed
healthy, also Nuclei.— STANLEY, 56, Mon-
tague Road, Cambridge. r.e.72

FOR SALE, good Nuclei, 1920 Queens, four
frame* 62s. 6d., three 45s., two 37s. 6d.; ready
mid-May; cases 7s. 6d., returnable; Jotjhnal
deposit.-A. H. HAMSHAR, Wonersh, Guildford.

e.41

MR. BEE-KEEPER,— If you wish to succeed
with your bees you must have the best.
Three-frame Nuclei, hardy, disease-resisting, home-
reared Italians, 1920 Queen; price, June £3 5s.,
July £2 136., carriage paid; 7s. 6d. refunded on
box if returned carriage paid Saxilby Station.
Terms : Cash with order.-HERBERT VALLEY,
Apiarist, Saxilby, Lincoln. r-e.31

1 AA FOUR-FRAME NUCLEI, of Dutch, Dutch-
iUU Italian, £3 3s., and Italian, £2 I5s.; all
beautifully clean and healthy; massed with brood
and bees. I strongly recommend my Dutch-Italian
Hybrids, a fine disease-resisting strain. May-June
delivery; cash with orders; carriage paid. All
orders for July are £2 5s.— SEALE, Ashley Cot-
tage. Oatlands Drive, Walton-on-Tihames, Surrey.

r.e.4

252

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. May ^20, 1920.

ISLE OF WKJHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;
use the eolution that cures; 2e. per bottle. —
E. PRESSEY. St. Elmo, Couledon. r.d.l49

BEES ON APPROVAL.— We guarantee our Bees
and Queens to give complete satisfaction.
Catalogue 3d., which is returned on first order.—
PEARSON & GALE. Marlborough. d.l56

1Q9n PURE Fertile Italian Golden Queens,
±*J^\J guarauteed imported direct from Italy;
regular supplies throughout the season from second
week in May; Ite. each; specially selected, 176. 6d.
— GOODARE, Italian Queen Specialist, New Cross,
Wednesfield. r.d.150

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time Bee
Farmer.— Terms on application to C. B.
BARTLETT, Sandford Mount, Charlbury. Oxon.

d.l27

MISSES PALING AND PILLANS having
combined and enlarged their Apiaries, are
now prepared to book orders for strong 3-frame
Italian Nuclei, massed with brood and bees, headed
with 1920 Pentta Queens or 1920 Queens ot their
own rearing from best selected Italian strains, £3,
caariage paid. Speciality made in rearing choice
Italian fertile Queens, 128.; Virgins, 6s. Reduc-
tion on quantities. Pupils taken. — Golden Square,
Henfield, Sussex^ r.d.84

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— OfBces : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

HOLLAND COUNTY COUNCIL.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.

APPLICATIONS are invited for the post of
Instructor in the combined subjects of
Poultry and Bee-keeping.— Applications, stating
salary required, should be sent in by May 31, 1920,
to THE PRINCIPAL, Kirton Agricultural Col-
lege, near Boston, Lines, from whom further par-
ticulars may be obtained. e.84

SCIENTIFIC QUEEN REARING.

BEST

in the world.

Every

appliance and

instructions.

Send for

KAT-A-LOG

MEAbOWS

SYSTON.
Near LEICESTER.

APPLIANCES.

Quality O.K.

HIVES AND

Immediate dispatcli.

Write for prices.

ANDREWS & CO.

Joinery and Carving Works,
78a, WESTGATE, PETERBOROUGH

ORDERS booked for 3-frame Nuclei, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. List f*^
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. ORACKNELL,
Mount Road, Thundereley, Essex. r.d.27

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
logue from H. STICH, Riccartebar Avenue,
Paisley. . r.c.ll6

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address:

Signor Gaetaoo Piana,
Castel San Pietro,
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with whiofi
he is perfectly satisfied,

PRICES FOR 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: May, 12/-; June, 1 1/-;
July, August and September, 9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introductioa.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B.£.J."
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signer
Piana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ." and
"B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Cheques payable to ' British Bee journal."

1 he products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send (or full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars ^rom

W. HEKltOD-HEMPBAJU., 83,

Btraet, Strand, iKxndoB,

Bedforfl

w.c.a.

PREPARE FOR EXTRACTING.

The quickest, cleanest and most efficient on the market is the " BAIRD " EXTRACTOR,
which extracts from BOTH SIDES of the COMB simultaneously.

Particulars from G. S. BAIRD, 1, HURST ROAD, ERITH, KENT.

May 20, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOXmyAL. m

BEE CANDY

FOR SPRING FEEDING

(In 1 lb. Cakes, medicated with Bacterol),
can be supplied by

JAMES PASCALL, LIMITED,

BLAGKFRIARS ROAD, S.E.I.
In lots of 61bs., 121bs., 181bs., 241bs., etc.

The necessary voucher must accompany order.
Prices on application.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

(• ^^^^ j^ ^^1^ r^ ^^ ^^V W " The^ cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight " Disease.
Non-poisonous — free from stain
^ ^ or unpleasant odour.

rUK dLLo mknley & james. ltd.,

2/6 per Bottle. Post Free. 39. Farringdon Road. London, E.Cl.

RACTEROI

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New^ deep frame 17 x 14 x 12. Sample by post 6d.)

XHB APIARY, BROMI^E^Y, KE^NX.

iv

THE BRITISH BEE JODTINAL. May 20, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Seasons speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

'* Everything for an Apiary,'*
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITi.

R, STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

Cbe metal foundation s

(Protected)
The latest invention in Scientific hive

n

equipment. TJ

a 0 a Tt

Durable <# Economic ^ Sterilisable M

0 a a M

An Ideal compromise between the Metal
Comb and the Wax Foundation.

5

a a a

For further details and prices, send for
our 1920 ILLUSTRAThD CATA-
LOGUE, post free on application. It con-

tains detailed information on the most Jlj

up-tO'date hives and appliances for which W

the House of Lee is famous. w

*#* Five per cent discount to Members of W

THE APIS CLUB. Q

-o<^Kg><gxg>o- A

JAMES LEE & SON. §

LTD., rt

Uxbridge, Middlesex,

W (Telegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbr-idge 181.) W

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

S^d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very much regret that there has been a larg6 increase in the cost of the manufacture of bee-
appliances, and therefore my prices will be advanced 10% from May lOth. Books exceptd,

PUNTKD BY TH« AVBNDg PeESB (L. UPCOTT OUI & SON, LtD). 65-67, DEUBY LANK, LONDON, W.C.. AHO

FuauBHSo roK tec P^pkietob (W. Hibbod- Hempsai,l), by Siupkin, Mibsball, Huiu.iom,
Kbni & Co.. Ltd.. 31 & 32. PinaNOSTiB Bow, B.C.

BEiTie? Bra JoTJENii AND BCT-KKPrafl' ADvi8«a, May 27, 1920

JUN 2 1 1920

No. 1979. Vol. XLVIII

MAY 27, 1920.

CPKb/i«fc«it M«nr riitinifftoff PrUw Sd.

CO If or JB srrr s.

PAGE

Seasonable Hints 2S3

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 253

The Apis Club 254

Re-Stocking Schemes 255

Native Bees 256

Comments on Various Articles 257

Notes on Bee-kebpinq 258

How to Make a Seep 258

Notes op Another Novice 259

page

Jottings 259

RovAL Show Fund 260

Correspondence —
Queens and Space Between Two Brood

Chambers 260

The British Honey Producers' Association 261

Bees Disappearing 261

Keeping Quilts cleaa: from Propolis 262

Bee Shows to Come 262

QUARTER OF COST.

VEILS

1/10 POST FREE.

We have just taken over from the Government all their surplus unused
VEILS (750) made for protecting the faces of soldiers in Mesopotamia from
Mosquitos and Flies. These are perfect as Bee Veils and we are able to
offer them at the above exceedingly small figure. Once these are sold it will
not be possible to replace at anything approaching this price. The Veils fit
over any hat and are fitted with one adjustable cane which keeps the veil well

clear of the face.

SOMETHING NEW IN
WAX EXTRACTORS,

'THE WILLIS" 33/-

NO WASTE— NO TROUBLE— NO SMELL.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

ii THE BRITISH BEE K^tm^AL. May Sr, 10SO.

June PENNA QUEENS

12s. each.

Italian Queen Bees direct from Italy.

From the queen -rearing apiaries of

ENRICO PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY.

Although we bought a fair supply
of May and June Penna queen
bees we miscalculated the demand
of the D.B.s and we have now
bought all the surplus queen bees
Mr. Penna has still for sale this
year.

We offer these queens at Mr.
Penna's advertised prices, and all
queen bees will come direct from
him to customers.

To simplify matters : If you will send us
your name, address and the money, Mr,
Penna will do the rest.

As these June queens will be arriving every
other day please don't delay your orders.

SAFE DELIVERY GUARANTEED.

S. H. Smith, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge

May 27, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAL.

253

Seasonable Hints.

At the time of writing these notes we
acre having another spell of hot weather,
of which the bees are taking advantage to
swarm, and a number have come off
during the last few days of brilliant sun-
shine. Do not neglect the oft-repeated
advice to feed a swarm for a week, longer
if the weather should turn unfavourable,
and no one knows better than a bee-keeper
how untrustworthy our climate is, but a
many do not realise in how short a time a
prosperous colony may be at the point of
starvation, their very prosperity helping
towards the catastrophy. The fine
weather of February and March induced
breeding, and by the end of the latter
month manv colonies were so strong
that they were ready for supers and
looked likely to swarm. The combs con-
tained a fair a.mount of stores, old and
new, some even had an over-abundance,
but April was cold and wet, stores were
rapidly used up owing to tlie large number
of larvae that needed feeding. From the
middle to the end of the month drones
were being killed off and larvae turned out
of the hive, both signs that food was
scarce and the bees were on the
verge of starvation, some actually starved
to death, not a cell of honey in many
hives. The moral is that bee-keepers

must always be on the alert. The pre-
sent fine weather may not la^st, and the
honey stored will quickly disappear during
a short spell of unfavourable weather,
the swarms are especially liable to come
to grief, as the honey taken into the honey
sac by the bees before leaving the parent
hive has to be used for wax making as well
as food.

A long continued period of hot, dry
weather is also unfavourable for bees, and
may result in a food shortage, vegetation
i3 parched and stunted, and the few
flowers that do come out contain no
nectar. It is possible that this type of
weather may prove more dangerous,
especially to the novice, than cold and wet.
The bees are seen to be flying every day,
but their owner does not look or think
deeply enough ; bees cannot collect nectar
from dry and withered flowers, but they
will try and collect honey from their
weaker neighbours.

One of the worries now is how to pre-
vent swarming when it is not desired.
The main cause of swarming is over-
crowding. There is no room for the
ordinary work of the hive to be carried on.
The queen has no room for egg-laying,

the workers have no room to build more
oomb or to deposit honey, all available
space is utilised, and the cell walls of the
old combs are elongated. We are told in
most text books that when this elQngation
of the cells is noticed supers should be
put on at once. Our own opinion, often
expressed, is that by the time this stage
is reached preparations for swarming have
already begun, drones have been reared,
and queen cells started, and it is then dif-
ficult, if not impossible, to stop the
swarm. The bees must have room in
advance of their requirements, and we
therefore advise supering when bees are
seen working between the outer combs
and the hive sides, on both sides of the
hive. The plan for swarm prevention
given in " Gleanings in Bee Culture," hy
Miss lona Fowls, and printed in the
B.B.J, for May 8 last year, has b^en tried
by many of our correspondents and our-
selves with success, and can be recom-
mended. Always use a queen excluder
under supers, even sections. Some bee-
keepers do not use one under sections, but
if it is not used there is always the
danger of the queen going up. We liave
already seen half-a-dozen spoilt in one
rack this year through the absence of a
queen excluder.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

My bees, I fancy, have been reading
The British Bee Journal, for no sooner
did my remarks that I could hardly expect
filled sections by the end of May appear
in print, than they set to work to fill
up sections in earnest, and by the time
these jottings appear I shall, I hope, take
off my first 1920 honey. Forsooth, what
an opportunity the insects of the hive
have ! As they come forth and seek pollen
and nectar before them stretches some 200
acres of meadow land rich in buttercups,
hop, white and crimson clover. But
walk through field after field and one sees
no Italians there. The Dutch are keen
on the hop clover, but the yellow backs,
where are they? Turn aside in£"o a field
of winter beans, full of bloom, and you'll
see my ladies busy. Farmers who have
acres of winter beans must feel singularly
happy this year. Did ever one see such
fine sturdy plants with so much promise of
fruit ! Hop clover flower is verj' tiny yet,
the Dutch bees delight in sipping its
sweets. Indeed, when the first few heads
opened I witnessed many a fight. In one
instance I noticed no less than -twelve bee?,
struggling to take possession of one small
plant.

The endless masses of May blossom are
now passing — that is, the white variety ;
" Blossom that hangs in the tremulous

254

THg pi^i:yiSg B^^ 3WB^AL.

air, blpssom w^tli tips of sno^," The
red and pink vaript^e^ aro now at ^heir
best, b^t" ti^pre are no fields surrounded
•^ith. tlii^. Here ^nd thiare &, hush, aftd its
pcarcitj is h'^.lf its ibeauty. The Ixawthprp
bloom passes, and tl^^ dpg roses come, fbl-
Ipi^ed by the elder and thpn the blapk-
fjerry ; 'fihus does 5^a.ture keep oiir hedges
paipted ror u§ irom. month to rnpnth. At
the time of writing th^ scer^t of hpnjey-
§uckle fills the air, alive jyith bees, but
not t|je tiny inseciis w^ Ipve. Bumble apd
raaspi> bees are there, so, too, are the
ipiner and tapestry queeps. Hq\r hard
they work ! Yet how happy they are.
T^hat care thpy that they have to inakp
iihpiv own nest, lay tlie eggs land prepare
foqd for the grubs, and often without a
mate to help thepi. The world is young
tp tjiem, and they ar© gay ^nd full of
tb© spirit of spring.

JiTot for njany years havp such myriads
of ppwslips appeared in the mead and
roadside as this year. They are over now,
and their delicate beauty passed ; and yet,
sweet though they are, did ever one see
bees upon them? Ye town lovers, with
your murky atmosphere, your hot pave-
ments, your dusty streets, what a lot ye
miss! " Oan't stick the country!'' Aii;
you've never seen it, tasted it, felt it,
peeped into its soul. Know ye aught of
the' number of flowers, the varieties of
g^rasses which can be seen ip. a sipgle
meadow ? Do you know how many species
of trees may be found in a given square
mile? How jnany birds nest in field, hedg-
row and tree, the colour of their eggs, the
character of their song ? You know not ;
small wonder when you love your bricks
and mortar so. Tell me, can'st thqu show
me anything in all your cities half as
beautiful as a valley bathed in liquid
moonlight in the month of May? Can
your concert halls give us anything
approaching a calm, June evening, when
choirs of birds are singing their lullaby
while the nightingale stirs the very atmo-
sphere with his thrilling song, harmonised
by the hum of home^coiijing bees. In the
meadows are oxen feeding, horses graz-
ing, and sprightly foals come timidly up
to ask you something, yet are too shy at
firs-^ to stay to hear the answer. When a
little older they will ask to be patted and
stroked ; their mothers, jealous, will de-
mand a share of the attention. Ah, me,
my pen will ne'er run dry when I com-
pare country with town — I must shake
myself and talk of bees, or bee-keepers,
or both.

Bee-keepers ! How funny some of them
can unwittingly be! Quite a number out
to get honey get their first stock or
swarm, and ask everybody what they know
of bees. They gather knowledge here.

M^y 27,19^0.

and knowledge there — ^so far so good — but
hopelessly mix it up. " If you're passing
my way would you be so kind as to have
a look at my bees; I pan't get them to
enter the supers," writes a lady. I go
to see if I can help ; what do I find ? The
dear, good lady has hoard of the use of
carbolic cloths whpr^ supering, and calmly
concluded that said cloths were meant to
cover the section racks as a first quilt.
Poor bees. Another lady arrived at a
friend's, keen on bees, in her motor car,
ordered a stock, and wished to take it
away there and then, hive and all, which
rpminded me of a mq,n who two years ago
asked if I could let him have a swarn^. I
proipised I would. He arrived two days
after tp take the bees away, and gazed
dujnbfoundly wheii I told him I hadii't
one yet. When he found his tongue ]xp
explained that; he thoyght all that W^^
necp^sary was tq slj-ak^ a fpTf hundred bees
into a 5:kpp and trapsfer into a hive more
tb^ap two miles away from parent Jiome;
the qiipen would do a^P^t Septeipber. )^e
If anted wpr:|pers not hropdefs. He was
quite pf the opipion that the saipp bees
wpuld work from April to Spptember wit^-
Qut a queen and thie continued liatcl^iug
pf brood, ^e js wiser now.

Orders for honey are already begiuning
to come in. They are wise who look
ahead, wiser than a brother cleric who
asked me this last week to let him have
my earliest swarm. " Booked and dis-
patched," I replied. " Your next swarm
then.'' " Sorry," I replied, " all booked
up before last October." '^ Can't you let
me have one somehow? '' " Yes, if all be
well, I'll let you have my first swarm in
1921." What a shock it gave him — ^fae
quite thought I should jump at the chance
of an order coming along. He, too, is
wiser, and wisdom so gained is not soon
forgotten. — B-. F. Hemming, Steeple
Gidding.

The Apis Club.

The General Conference of members of
The Apis Club will take place at the
Central Hall, Westminster, London, on
Saturday, May 29, at 2 p.m. The subjects
under consideration are, however, of
great importance, and concern the whole
craft rather than a federation of bee-
keepers. It is much to be hoped that some
constructive proposals will be put forward
for the greater development which the
soheme aims at.

The meeting will be limited to the
members and to representatives of Asso-
ciaticms who have an official membership
in the Club.

The nearest station to the Hall is the
Westminster District Railway Station.

May 27, 1920 TB» flBmSHj&Bl gTDtJfiNAfi.

m6

Re-Stocking Schemes.

By J. Peice.

{Continued from pdge S45.)
When the Staffordshire Bee Committee
received partifculars of the Government
restocking scheme, they, fortunately, all
sensible bee-keepers, having decided to
aeCepty serioiisly considered the possi-
bility iaf this excellent scheme being made
a. channel for propagating disease, and
they. took measureSj as far as possible, to
avoid it. It was taken for granted that
■ilnta,inted bees were coming from Hol-
land, and it would be vfery unfair to use
any other beeSj or any second-hand appli-
ances, even although the shareholders
had to wait a little longer until such
time as the apiary was established and
fully equipped.

The selection of the site was left to me,
and we were fortunate in securing a place
near to the main railway and closes to a
station, and also in a district where no
other bees were near. We therefore
started with those three most valuable
assets I have mentioned before, and so
far all has gone well at this apiary.

The committee also took precautions, as
far as possible, to prevent their bees
going into infected apiaries, and an agree-
ment had to be signed by the shareholder
before his share was retained, and it is
interesting to know that only two re-
fused to sign and had their shares re-
funded. It may be of interest to give
particulars of this agreement : —
Staffordshire Agricui.turai, ExEeuTivE
Committee.
Horticultural Sub-Committee.
County Buildings, Stafford,
February 14, 1919.
Dear Sir or Madam, —

Bees.
The Bee Committee beg to acknowledge
the receipt of your share in their re-
stocking scheme, and to say that you
will be duly notified when your nucleus or
queens are ready.

The price of a four-frame nucleus for
this season has now been fixed at 30s.,
the balance of lOs. to be paid on the
receipt of bees.

The Committee stre anxious, as far as
possible, to avoid sending their bees into
infected apiaries or districts, and they
will be pleased to hfear on the accompany-
ing form (which please return, to me) that
you are willing to abide by the following
conditions for the prevention of disease,
otherwise the value of your shares can b^
refunded to you, namely : —

(i) That you will endeavour to ascer-
tain and report in confidence to the
County Expert (Mr. J. Price, County
Education Offices, Stafford) any possible
existing sources of contamination i,n yqoir
neighbourhood or aliy future outbreaks,

eind will assist in removing kll inf^lioh
ffoih yoiir own apiary.

(2) Should disease at any time be found
ifi your apiary you will at once report to
the County Expert, and you will tollo\^
the instructicns given for its suppression.

(3) That you will not sell or send any
bees out of your neighbourhood without
the consent of the Bee Committee.

(4) Thdt all imported Italian queens
received from thein shall be used pri-
marily for the purpose of increasing your
healthy stocks, and not for sale or intro-
duction to already diseased lots.

Youts faithfully,

EusTAfcE Joy,
Hon. Secretary of Committee.

A belated report of a meeting held at
this apiary in July appeared in The Bee
Journal for September. On this occa-
sion the apiary was open to inspection,
and all bee-keepers in the county were
notified, the result being a most excellfent
gathering. Over 300 visited the apiary,
and included pedestrians, cyclists, motor-
ists and others that came by train, all of
whom enjoyed a very pleasant and inte-
resting day, and it was very gratifying to
the Bee Committee to know that such
interest was being taken in this subject.

Since the report of the above gathering
was inserted in the B.B.J, several inqui-
ries have been made as to the number of
nuclei produced, and I trust this report
I give will not be confused with accounts
of other restocking apiaries where other
bees were used in bbnjuhction with the
imported ones.

Staffordshire received eight Dutch
skeps, six of the tall pattern^ about 3 ft.
high, and two very similar to the Eng-
lish pattern skep. Thirteen Italian
queens were received, and we have been
able to produce 32 extra lots from the
original eight, twenty of which were sent
out as nuclei, and twelve retained at the
apiary as stock for this year. Altogether,
160 sheets of foundation were drawn out,
the greatest difficulty being to get the
first dozen or so, for except in the case
of the two English-pattern skeps, which
were placed on to the top of frames and
transferred, we had to depend on swarms
from the tall steps to work out the combs.
A great deal of criticism has been made
about the queens imported by the Gov-
ernment, and supplied to the restocking
apiaries. Personally, I have no complaint
to make about the queens, and I think it
is wrong to^ut the blame on the breeder.
It is quite an easy matter to shelve the
responsibility on to the queen-breeder,
and not seek for a solution of the difl&-
culty in other ways.

Some have suggested that the difficulty
has been with.the Dutcii bees — that they
know and wiU not accept a queen of

256

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. May 27, 1920.

another colour. I don't think this is
right, either. I believe the main reason
so many failures have occurred in intro-
ducing these imported queens is the ex-
traordinary difficulty under which the
scheme has had to be worked. For -n-
stance, if one is compelled to drive bees
from a skep, or make an artificial swarm
by removing the old stock and catching
the flying bees on their old stand, then
one has the worst element possible to con-
tend with, namely, the oldest bees.
Again, I admit that the Dutch bee is an
" Artful Dodger," being able to locate
its old hive a long way off, so that in a
little time one ha® nothing left of the
artificial swarm, or driven lot, to receive
the new queen.

My practice has been to drive the bees

Native Bees.

I like 'my native bees even more thaii>
the beautiful Italian, which latter I am
testing against them. Now it is laid
against the natives that they are not so
prolific as foreign races. This I venture
to state is a mistake, mine are able to fill
two boxes, that is twenty-two or twenty-
four standard frames, with brood, and
what is more, keep them filled in the
honey flow ; how much more they could
do is not easy to say, but I remove two,
four, or six combs of brood, replace with
foundation and find these full of brood
in a few days. If I did not do this they
would swarm, but I have been able to
prevent swarming this way. Last season
was not good, yet they averaged 102 lbs.

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R*^' '"it ,5*- -i "~

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A STAFFORDSHIRE R&-STOCKING APIARY.

from the skeps minus the queen (a diffi-
cult job with the tall skep), dump them
immediately into a well ventilated box
containing frames of foundation, with a
queen caged on the top. These bees are
imprisoned for a couple of days, and even
then some would return to their old home.
However, these difficulties will not be met
with now, seeing that we have bees estab-
lished on frames of comb. The best
method of introducing imported queens
is undoubtedly the nucleus plan, where
there are only young bees left to receive
the new mother.

The price for nuclei last year was 30s.
each, and this year nuclei headed with
home-raised Italian queens are the same
price, whilst a limited number headed
with imported Italians ?ir© jvyailable
at 35s,

honey per hive, and gave two to three
nuclei each, and they supplied stores for
these nuclei also, as I could not get sugar.
They are very gentle. I only breed from
best queen, and gentleness is a qualifi-
cation, but as a rule they do not see the
necessity of rearing more than two or three
queens, and if I rear in a strong nucleus,
sometimes only one. Yet if I bred queens
for sale, and used only strongest stocks,
they would possibly rear a larger nulilber.
But natives, being in their own land, are
able to give surplus every year, which is
undoubtedly a good quality. This is not
a good district for honey, I have seen
better localities, and often wonder where
they get their forage, just now they are
getting polleH from furze which' is scarce
Her^, bvt «.s they only got out two (Jay3

May 27, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

257

this year I could observe fairly accurately.
Bees are adaptable to whatever forage
there may be, and natives possibly second
to none in this respect.

I had no disease here of any kind, but
no bees are within miles of my locations,
also they are in dry hives, warm, yet
ventilated, with zinc covered roofs and
no draught of cold frosty air can get
through.

Now I gather from remarks in the bee
press that no race of bees is exempt
from disease, why therefore is it more or
less suggested that natives are more prone
to maladies than other races? Echo
answers " cows far off wear long horns."
My belief is, that if those who keep bees
for sale charged more for natives than
others, natives would stand first in
favour, because what costs us most we
value most, as a general rule.

If natives were moderate in price a
generation or- so ago, was it not due to
their easy propagation, for natives were
not slandered in my father's diays.

Please observe, natives means just that
— pure natives. I abhor all crossbred,
hybrid, or mongrel bees, for one very
good reason, that when a boy my father
got some " Ligurian " queens, they came
by post, in pill boxes, and his bees Isecame
mixed. I had reason to remember these
things, ai5 I used to help him with about
twenty stocks., Hardy bee-man as he was,
and a reader of the B.B.J, he found those
bees a tough proposition. However, he
carried on with them, and possibly — every
cloud has a silver lining — that was why
he never had rheumatism. I made a
resolution never to keep bees, but years
bring discretion, also possibly there is
something (in heredity, my forefathers
kept bees since the dim ages, and I got a
present of a swarm. Perhaps thjese
things were the " circumstances that were
too strong for me." After a season I
bought the "British Bee-Keepers' Guide
Book," then things began to happen, queen
rearing by selection, honey extracting,
more bee books and papers, but also note
more honey and bees, sowing of white
clover which did not grow and other
plants which did.

Well, to finish the above " Ligurians,"
it took about ten years, but foul brood
did it, and it happened gradually, swarms
brought up losses. I was out in the wide
world by that time, but finally an expert
or inspector, I am not sure at this date
what he was, said it was brood disease,
and that summer they went under.

I do not understand, when I read that
natives run into a corner like frightened
sheep, what is meant unless too much
smoke is given. A friend got a swarm
last Slimmer, and on arrival they buzzed
in what he tjiought was & dangproua

I ma.nner. "Well, he " subdued " them with
smoke, as per directions, until the buzzing
stopped, thereafter they did not sting —
dead.

I use little smoke, and none this time
of year, generally a veil, often none, and
can say I only got three stings last season
from my own bees, and they were when I
pressed a bee by accident.

Finally vide "Bee World" for Sep-
tember, page 67 quotes from conversation
B.B.K.A., 1906.— R. Doupb.

Comments on Various
Articles.

Bees in a Bell. — Some weeks ago Rev,
E. F, Hemming said he would like to hear
if anyone had known of bees using a bell
as a hive. For many years the tower of
North Benfleet church (near here) was
so cracked that the largest bell of four
could not be used. When the tower was
rebuilt about 20 years ago, the large bell
was found to be full of very good honey.
The combs were all dark — but not the
honey. I did not see it myself, but the
gardener at the rectory told me about it.
Stinging. — In the British Bee Journaij
for April 8, Mr. Houston quotes Rev.
E. F. Hemming re a black roof. I have
none except dark roofs — most of them
tarred — but I always work my bees with
my sleeves rolled up and no veil on. I
often go a month without a sting. Mr.
Houston tells us his bees sting his brown
gloves, but not after he painted them
white. It was not because his gloves were
brown, but the scent of the stuff they were
dressed with at the tanyard. I once had a
stock that would sting everything that
went within 50 yards of their hive. I
was about to re-queen them when " Isle
of Wight " disease ended them. That
was the only stock I ever had I could not
work without a veil. There are times
when I have to put on a veil for a short
time, but if I find the bees are so cross
I clo.se up the hive as soon as I can and
try another day. I find if I give all
hives a puff or two of smoke and lay just
a small bunch of grass in front of all hives
before I start to move a roof, and use a
damp cloth with two or three drops of
Calvert's No. 5 carbolic, I can do just ss
I like with the bees. I always have three
or four such cloths with me.

With regard to the rose, Hugh Dick-
son, I think if Mr. Houston had washed
his hands and face in plenty of cold, soft
water and scented soap (such as his mother
washed the baby with, would dol) the bees
would not have cared a rap about Hugh
Dickson !

Lord Avebury tells us the bees like blue
flowers, but I know of very few blue flowers

1358

THE BRITISH BEE JPTrRNAL. May 27, 1920.

hereabouts that are visited by bees.
Could friend Kettle tell us the names of
all the blue flowers he knows his bees to
visit?

Warm Way — Cold Way. — I like what
Mr.- Desmond calls the " warm way." It
is BO much nicer to work a hive from the
back than the side. I have charge of three
hives, which belong to Sir Bertram H.
Joiles, all of the frames hanging the cold
way. Each hive holds just 10 frames
and a very thin following board, and I
find the bees do no better in such hives
than they do in my own home-made
12-frame hives — in fact, they swarm more
from such hives than from my own, and
I often get the most honey.

I never knew the bees so forward as
they are this year, if the weather keeps
warm I must put some sections and shallow
bars on this week.

On Sunday (April ll) it Was raining
steadily, but the bees Were at work just
as freely as if tbe sun was shining.

1 saw the first drone on the alightihg
board yesterday (April 12), btit the rain
had been too much for him, tot he had
come home to die. — C. ReBd, Wickford.

Notes on Bee Keeping.

Bees are like every other stock, if well
attended to they will amply repay their
keeper. If a bee-keepet" toeanS to be
successful, fear of his labours* must be
banished from his mind. Mr. Cowan, in
his general raanagemetit remai'ks, as per
" Guide Book," hits the nail on the head
when advising a bee-keeper to exercise his
intelligence in applying instructions
afforded, and inform hitnself, or herself,
by thinking out what is best to be done
in all varying circumstances m bee-life.
I may say here in passing I have found
this book of valuable assistance in my
early bee-keeping career. Every new
beginner should make himself, or herself,
conversant' with the theory of bee-keeping
by reading up some good bee-book before
commencing in practice. A friend bee-
keeper of mine destroyed his first lot of
bees by ail overdose of smoke through lack
of this knowledge.

The Action of the Council of the
B.B.K.A. in trying for all honey to be
labelled with country of origin is very
timely. Entering a certain shop in
Warrington I noticed some 1 lb. tins
labelled " Pure Honey " on the counter,
minus country's origin. After making
inquiries as to price, etc., I was informed
that honey was selling at Is. 9d. to 2s.
per lb., and this was offered as a sample.
Inside the lever lid was filled with honey,
a look of messiness, and the colour
resembled golden syrup. With regard to

taste, there was no comparison with our
own English honey. After a short dis-
cussion I found this to be Australian
honey. There is no doubt about it, that
the words "Pure Honey " were held up for
the public to swallow, dmply because a
vast majority of the public have never
tasted the real pure English honey, and
it is due to the lack of this knowledge
that they (the public) cry down the price
of English honey, hence the reduction in
market value.

I see the Rev. E. F. Hemming and I are
agreed' on the sentiveness of the honey bee.
In the autumn of 1915 I remember on one
occasion refilling the feeders with syrup
for brood-raising. After a short time the
bees came out with a joyful hum, and
seemed to form a kind/of halo around me,
alighting on my face and neck; they
seemed to realise my good intent. In
this condition 1 was accompanied to the
house. When bees are crawling backward
and forward over the face, the titillation
produced is not at all conducive to a calm
demeanour, for, as a rule, bees prove to
be more vicious in autumn than at any
other time of the year. — P. Lythgoe,
Padgate, Warrington.

How to Make a Skep.

I was rather surprised and pleased to
read your reqUest in the Bee Journal for
hints on how to make a straw skep, and
if paper can convey the necessary instruc-
tions I will endeavour to put them here
and now. I am not a professional skep
maker (who would not perhaps take the
trouble) as I have only made a few ^
satisfy a whim, and Used blackberry canes
to bind with. The one who showed me
how to do it was a labouring man. To
make the cane for binding, go to a tall
hedge, get down low and look upwards —
the best canes grow in the darkest part —
and out a likely-looking cane about | in.
to I in. diameter^ 4 ft. to 8 ft. long, and
not too old and hard (about one to three
years old will do), and 4 ft. will be long
enough for an amateur to handle, cutting
right down in the bank to have a hard
end to stab with. The canes must be split
the same day or they will not split, or
kept under water till you can do so, the
sooner the better. Use a blunt, strong,
clasp knife, start at the butt end, and
which ever way the split seems to be
running prise hard against the opposite
side. That is, if one half is getting weak,
bend the stout half while cleaving, and
the split will then run towards the centre
again. Repeat the process to make the
half into quarters, trim any splinters off,
and scrape out the pith on a leather pad
on the knee. Like French polishing

MaT 2t. 1926. THIS BRITISH BEE JOITRyAL

059

ybtt will fiadv there is si lot of " knack"
Required, and, as iily iitstructor told me,
you hayi^ to be your own teacher. For a
first start I should advise anyone to Start
Biaking the skep round a piece of board,
Vrith holes bored for the binding, as it is a
difficult job to start a tdp of all straw
With a hole for supering. I don't advise
skeps for supering, but should think
about 15 in. diameter by 10 in. deep
(itiside measures) would be useful, and
ought to do well for the beeSj and think
that the skep is a very healthy home for
breeding Up stock. Look at the picture
ef W. Gordon, the old skep maker, in the
" Guide Book," and you will see how to
hold the straw. I advise you not to bother
with any cow's horn, but let clever fingers
and strong thumb push the straw into
shape. Squeeze and betid the straw
tightly with your fingers, and do not rely
on the canes to pull it in ; you will, I
expect, have to stab holes with a smooth
round spike, as briar is not so "sharp
as cane, and the rolls will have to be
slightjy inclined outwards as they tend to
pull in as the briar is pulled tight. You
must decide for yourself how to fasten the
briar to start and finish, which is a simple
mattet. The briars need not be used as
soon as split, but if not must be soaked in
cold water before use. If allowed to get
dry they yvill break. I do not advise
wetting the straw, as it shrinks after, and
the work is not so good. I have a good
lot of tools, and could make a bar frame
hive quicker than a skep, but have
sense enough not to waste £5 worth of
braiii and body, to earn 5s., or I should
not be able to send these few hints, which
I hope may be of use. When you have
made foul- 6t more skeps you will under-
stand what I tnean^ that knowledge is
bought at a ptice, and that you will have
to put more than 5s. worth of brain and
time to make your first 5s. worth of skeps.
A man I know, a Scot, who knew W.
Gordon, said that was the only man who
ever mdda a skep. When I told him I
could do it. he said he could stand oh
his skep without damaging it — and he is
13 stone weight. But don't be upset if
your first one is not quite so strong as

that.— C. CAMERt.

Notes of Another Novice.

Being a regular reader of The British
Bee Jottrnal, and seeing the experience
of a fellow bee-keeper in your issue of
April 15, this may also interest some of
your readers, if you can find room for it.

What first aroused my interest in bees
was seeing swarm after swarm leave the
house of my neighbour, where they had
made ft home for the last 20 years.

In 1918 I made my first attempt to take
A large swarm, in which I was success-
ful, and hived them in A cheese tub.
They did well, and I wintered them
down on their own stored. On May 14,
1919, I had my first swarm, on the 23rd
a cast, arid on the 25th another; these
two I placed together. On the 26th I
took another swarm from the house. On
July 3 my first swarm of May 14 threw
another swarm, making four stocks,
which I ran till the end of the season.
In September I had the misfortune to
lose a queen. A fertile worker caused a
lot of trouble. Failing to get another
queen, we decided to drive those in the
cheese tub, and place them with the
queenless stock. We were successful in
doing so, and wintered them down oh
own stores in all hives, besides taking a
surplus of 47 lb. of honey. Not so bad
for my first year. My bees have all
wintered well, and doing fine up to the
present. I had my first swarm on
April 24, and I am expecting another in
a few days from No. 2 hive. Is it not
early for them to swarm? I am looking
forward to the season's work, as I am
very much interested in my bees. —
F. J. L.

Jottings.

An Early Turn Out.—l took part in
what may "be described as an early turn
out, from either the individual or insect
point of view. During some repairs,
March 19, I was requested to " take "
some bees that had been in possession five
or six years, but the combs seeined to
resemble those of a single seasoii, and
were built to the rafters of a bay window.
The conditions were somewhat close, and
as soon as I diverted the entrance by
removing the tiles, etc., the bees were
very curious as to the object of_ this
untimely visit, but were in a decidedly
amiable frame of mind.

I managed to pass a nucleus box in
by taking off the lid, after placing in A
couple of empty frames, and cutting out
four slabs of fine brood combs, which were
tied in, later, and then the fun com-
menced. The bees ran everywhere but
into the box; there was a cavity between
the ceiling of the room and the floor
above. The major part seemed to be
bolting that way. The whole wall in the
roof was a mass of bees, While a nice
little bnnch defied attack in the apeX cf
the hip and rafter. I made a little plat-
form^ tilted' the lid against the wall, and
brushed arid smoked about, when all at
once there was a decided and pleasing
musical hum, with a general stampede
towa;rd the box. The little bunch of befe»

260

THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAL. May 27, 1920.

under the joists refused to be drawn, so
I left them until the evening. I had only
one sting up to this time. On returning
I, of course, thought I had a soft job, so
didn't take smoker, but forgot that as it
was necessary to take off the lid to get
the box in, the same rule applied for its
removal. My word ! didn't they pay my
hands for remembrance. However, I con-
tinued to lift the lid by inches and turn
the box to the opening, and so left them
until morning, when only about a dozen
remained out. About 10 lb. of honey
was found, and the bees are now working
away very happy and tractably, and are
amenable to law and order, as we modern
bee-keepers define it.

An Emergency Feeder. — A splendid
feeder is quickly made by puncturing four
holes that the thumb can cover, as small
as possible, into the lid of a syrup tin.
This ^ can be inverted full, or part full,
without trouble.

Requeening. — It is to be hoped that
wholesale slaughter of queens will not
take place when the " Government"
queens arrive. Some of these may prove
the finest stock for crossing, and this
wholesale influx of queens from one
district (?) to my mind may not alto-
gether do all we desire in an efficient
manner, to say nothing of the waste of
stock. I have a three-year-old queen
from the only stock that gave much
surplus last season, artificially swarmed
early in August, still going strong, which
compares very favourably with others. I
hope to secure several youngsters from her
this season. Curiously, I was unable to
discover her successor last year. She
failed to lay by mid-October, but she is
much in evidence now, as the bees cover
ten frames of comb, and a change in the
weather will see them supered with a rack
of sections. — A. H. Hamshar.

Royal Show Fund.

The Council of British Bee-keepers'
Association are anxious to take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show ma,y not be spoilt. In order to
defray the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that all bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which should be sent as early as possible
to the Secretary, 23, Bediford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

Subscriptions for this fund are coming
in very slowly, and we would urge all
those who can possibly do so to send a
donation, h(oweve«r small. The sum
needed is not, comparatively, large and if
every one does a little should be easily
forthcoming. '* Tho Royal " is the show

of the year, when the value of bee-
keeping, and of the use of honey, to the
community is brought to the notice of
hundreds of people, and should the
Bee and Honey Department have to be
dropped for lack of funds, the loss to
bee-keeping will be out of all proportion
to the amount needed to carry on. May
we also urge aU those who can do so to
make an entry, and exhibit at the
Darlington show. A good display will
help both the show and the craft. We
are sure our bee-keeping friends in the
North are looking forward to a good
display of honey, etc., at this year's
Royal Show.

DONATIONS RECEIVED.

£ S. d.

Amount received , 6 9 0

Mrs. H. E. Brown 10 0

J. Birkett 2 6

Messrs. Adminson 110

8 2 6

Queens and Space Between
Two Brood Chambers.

[10187] Be " Editorial," May 6.— It is
hardly a question for argument or theory.
It is a hard fact that queens more often
than not refuse to pass the space.

I say nothing of shallow frames placed
over deep ones because the small size of
the former practically forces the queen
past the gap; but where two brood cham-
bers are used, although the queen will
always go up past the space, she will re-
turn only with great reluctance. And this
is one of the difficulties with this method,
as everyone knows who has used it exten-
sively.

Be the queen passing over or under
frames when spreading in the spring. Do
you really suggest that the queen walks
out of the cluster by herself on a cold
winter day, and over or under frames to
change sides? Of course she does not, as
a moment's thought would convince you
or anyone else. When bees are clustered
in winter, the cluster almost always either
hangs below the frames (when a space is
given under them) or extends above the
frames when possible. Either under or
over, the cluster does extend, and it is by
this means that the queen shifts.

At the same time, your argument is one
of the strongest of those in favour of
larger combs because the queen will, ao

May 27, 1920. THE BRITISH BEB JOTTRyAL.

261

doubt, extend on two combs before chang-
ing over.

Again, I have often met with cases
where eggs are first laid on both sides of
one comb.

The greatest objection to two brood
chambers is that while one is too small
two are often too big, and, as you say,
the almost utter impossibility of proper
manipulation.

One word re Col. Wallace's letter. "Why
not use five wires? I always do in 16 by 10
frames. First one close to top bar, and
the others at slightly increasing distances.
— R. B. Manley.

[We did not suggest how or when the
queen passed from one side of a comb to
the other. All we said was that " eventu-
ally" she does it, but the idea of the
queen leaving the cluster to perambulate
alone round the end of a frame on a cold
winter day never entered our head ; it is
too absurd. If, as Mr. Manley says, the
cluster of bees extends above or below the
combs we should say it is an argument for
two sets of shallow combs, which would
give the queen opportunity for passing
from one comb to another in the thick
of the cluster, and thus preserve its
spherical shape, which is the best for con-
serving heat. The bees will only cluster
over the combs and the queen will be able
to pass in that direction while the winter
passages are in position. One advantage
of the present two sizes of standard frames
is that a brood nest of several sizes may
be made to suit requirements of queen,
season, or locality bv a judicious combina-
tion of deep or shallow frames. — Eds.]

The British Honey Producers'
Association.

[10188] I have read with great
interest and pleasure the letter by Mr.
F. M. Claridge in the April 1st issue of
your Journal. I think the first great
help we could give our craft is to educate
our would-be customers to the value of
honey — pure, good, unadulterated English
honey as given hy our hees. I am not
sure if anyone really understands the
difficulty the ordinary public have in buy-
ing honey pure as we bee-keepers under-
stand it. To illustrate my statement.
Last year I spent my holidays in Wales,
and out of curiosity I wanted to buy
some Welsh heather honey. Strange as
it may seem. I tried first to buy a 1 lb.
pot in Denbigh, but after looking in all
the provision and fruiterers' shops, I
tried the market, where I found a plenti-
ful supply of Welsh honey, so labelled;
but honey and it were nearly strangers,
as it was a dark brown liquid of a strong
nauseous smell. Needless to say, I did
ngt buy, hut, to my amusement, the

seller said: "But surely it's beautiful
Welsh honey; look at it's rich dark
colour." After that I tried Chester, but
still no honey, as we understand it, could
be found, but some labelled Pure Aus-
tralian, or Welsh Heather Honey. At
Colwyn Bay I purchased a pot for
2s. lO^d., labelled in large letters —

PURE WELSH HEATHER HONEY.

It was in appearance a little better
than the rest I had seen, so in despera-
tion I took it to our table. Oh ! the dis-
gust of my friends, who only tried it.
I brought it home, to show my family
at Betley, where it remained in its pot
until at last a judge of Ebney called to
^help in a difficulty I had with my bees.
Of course, I showed the honey (so-called)
to him, and he said: " You have set me
some work; but this I can tell you, very
little real honey is in that mixture."
This incident brought to my notice the
difficulty the public in general have in
purchasing honey (that a lover of bees
would like to acknowledge as honey).
My best honey customer very willingly
pays me 3s. a lb., and 3s. 6d. for section
honey, and says she is delighted to buy
the genuine honey, which, to my know-
ledge, is proved to be a very valuable
food. She told me before she bought
honey from me that she too found the
same difficulty I had in buying a so-
called pound of honey, which really only
weighed out 13 ozs., and cost me 2s. lO^d.
The difficulty, I think, is this: Can't we
be honest, and label our honey, and so
prove our pride in our British produc-
tion. I think, like Mr. Claridge, if we
don't this year we shall find ourselves
having our honey unsold and much
foreign honey dumped in our country,
and our money " gone West." I had a
lovely label sent to me this morning. I
shall proudly label all my honey this year
with like labels. Won't you all help
push out the foreign honey, and show
the public how fine our honey really is?
— F. Wrench.

Bees Disappearing.

[10189] In October last, I put six
strong stocks into winter quarters, each
in clean hive and on twenty standard
frames of comb.

No. 1. In a hive built to specification
supplied by Mr. Simmins, Conqueror
type, but witH standard frames, this is
the only one of the kind I have. It gave
no surplus last year, but I left over
50 lbs. of honey for wintering. These
bees are alive and flying but I have not
examined.

No. 3. Very strong stock, gave over
200 lbs. surolus, left over 60 lbs. honey
for winter, second season queen, the best
I ever had, vfm full of broo(^ when closod

262

THE British bee jDfflyAi^_„ May 27, 1920.

down. Bees 4^ad, aboiit two to tliree
Hundred otoly in tlie hive (dead).

No. 5. Strong stock, witt 1919 qu€;en,
painters working on house, closed doors
and suflFockted bees, put on a ne'w* base,
clearing out dead bees about four inches
deep on floor, a few bees still alive, but
have not etxamined. Wintered on
Uacterol Syrup. ^

No. 6. Wintered on Bacterol syrup,
1919 queen, plenty of brood when. closed
down, about two to three hundred dead
befes, none alive.

No. 8. Same condition as No. 6,
Bacterol syrup.

No. 9. Same as No. 6 and 8. Wintered
oih Flavine syrup and oandy. Now what
has become of the bees? I have a clean
board in front of each hive and have
seen no more than the avferage ntimber
of dead bfees, inside of hives not soiledj
ample sealed stores. I will make a
thorough examination when I have time,
at present I have simply closed the doors.
I want to see if I can find dead queens.

Two years ago a friend of mine, lost
a lot under exactly similar conditio^ns,
but in his case, I do not think there were
a dozen dead bees to be found. As the
other lots were healthy, I suggested that
the queen was unfertile, and that they
had all come out with her on a warm day
and got lost.

The dead bees in my hives are not
abnormal in any way, wings, abdomens,
etc., as usual, no soiling of inside hives.
By examination tinder microscope, can
I find cause of death; that is, can you
give me any instructions of what to look
for, or is therei a book where I can obtain
this information?

All my hives are disinfected twice^ a
vear, with bees sprayed either with
Bacterol or Flavine ; I have been testing
both. — Geo. M. Rosling.

[We are unable to give cause of death.
It would not be possible to find the cause
by a microscopical examination. Perhaps
some of our readers may be able to
advance a theory. — Eds.]

Keeping Quilts Clear from Propolis

[101901 I hope Mr. C. Tredcroft (No.
10175) will enlighten us further as to the
way he winters his bees, so that his
" quilts are as clean as the day he puts
them on."

I put a quilt of unbleached calico next
the frames, and oti that for the winter
several thicknesses of felt, carpet or sack-
ing, quite clean and regularly disinfected
with Izal before using each year.

My bees invariably fasten down the
calico quilt, and when spring cleaning (I
give each lot a clean hive) I give a fresh
quilt if the old one has much propolis.

Does Mr. Tredcroft only use one quilt,

and an extra otie iii the spring when

breeding commences?

My first experience of 1;D.W. disease
was ih 1914, and my bees had never be6n
sugar-fed", but always winteired on
abundance of their own stores. ^-^-RichArd
H. Amies.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2s. 6d. tS made for notices
inot exceeding 7 linei) in this column, 10 lineB
charged Zs. 6d., up to 15 lines 68., which covers
cost of insertion from brdler till date of shoui. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

Jun& 2-5, at Beading.— Royal Cototiefi^ Agri-
) cultural Society's Show. Hon Sec, 131, King's
Road, Reading. Honey entries closed.

June 9 and 10, at Colchester.— Essex Agricnl-
tural Society. Classes for Extracted and ConiD
Honey, etc. Schedules from Secretary, Bs&ex Bee-
keepers' Association, 7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.
Entries close May 31.

June 16 and 17.— Hanley PArkl Meeting of iMH
Staffordshire Agricultural Society. The Stafford-
shire B.K.A. offer valuable prizes and six eilve?
medals and nine bronze medals. . Twelve Glassefi
for members only, and five Open Classes. (Honey
Classes axe for four or three JaTs or sections).
Schedules, "W. Griffiths Silkmore, Stafford.
£ntrl<3S close May 29.

Juiie 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Royal
Agricnltnral Society's Show, Bee and Honey
Section, under the direction of the B.B.K.A. Prizes
arraliged in groups of couilties for, Assoc iatidnii
affiliated to tlie B.B.K.A. ScHednles from Th«
Secretary, 23, Bedford Street. Strand, Vf.C.i.
Entries clos« May 31,

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.— Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show. The Glamorgan B.K.A.,
in conjunction with R.H.8., offer prizes for Honey,
"Wax, Bees, and Appliances. Members, Novlcee,
and Open Classes. Schedules, Mr. WiltahiT*,
Maindy School. Cardiff. Entries close June 22.

July 15 and 16, at Grimsby.— Lincolnshire
Agricultural Society. Show of Bee Appliances,
Honey, Sections, Wax. etc., under the manage-
ment of the Lines B.K.A. Open and County
Classes. Valuable prizes.- Schedules from Major
Hadfield. Alford. Lines. Entries close June 12.

July 20 to 23, at Aberdeen.— Highland and
Agricultural Society. Classes for Bee Appliances
and Honey. Premiums £53 10s. Half of Prize
Money and Silver and Bronze Medals contributed'
by the Scottish Bee-keepers' Association.— Entry
forme from John Stirton, Secretary, 3, George IV;
Bridge, Edinburgh.

Monday and Tuesday, August 2 aiid 3, at
Newport.— Monmouthshire Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Annual Show (in connection with the New-
port Allotment Holders' Association). Members
and Open Classes.— Schedules (post free 3d.) from
Hon. Sec, " Underwood," Portskewett, '' near
Chepstow, Monmouthshire. Entries close
July 26.

August 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal, prizes.
—Schedules from Mr. F. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

Special Prepaid AdvertisemeDts.

One Penny per Word.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

SWARMS for Sale, 21s.; on frames, 28s.; box
10s. 6d., refunded oh return.— CTJLLEN, Bull
Hill, Great Cl^cton. e.89

SWARMS.— Hybrid Italians, established on six
frames, very gentle and quiet, 1919 Queenis,
£3. A Diary absolutely free from disease.—
REDDIE, Cliff Cottage. Leigh. Essex. e.89

M^y 2T, 1920. T5B BRITISH BEE XOTTRNAL,

263

FOE SALE, new Coaauerox Hive, containing
strong Stock Hybrid Italians, 1919 Queen,
tiir^e' shallow racks drawn-out combs, £7 10s. ; Hive
with stock working in super, complete, £6; Hive,
small stock, rack drawn-out shallows, £3 lOs.;
■Swarm, £2; Nuclei, 30s. Nearest offers accepted.—
EXLET, Lamer, Wheathampstead, Herts. e.90

JUNE SW4RMS for Sale on 6 frames, new, with
full sheets foundation, £2 7s. 6d., carriage
paid ; 3 dozen new Metal Dividers, 7s. ; boxes
7s. 6d., returnable.— MATTHEWS, 25, Cray Eoad,
Crockenhill, Swanley, Kent. e.91

NEW Light Lincolnshire Honey, fine quality,
£10 cwt.— TAYLOE, Schoolmaster, New
Leake, Boston. e.92

SWAEMS, 360-lb. strain, 356., carriage paid;
boxes to be returned.— BUTLEE, West Eoad,
Histon, Catnbs. e.93

-i O SECOND-HAND healthy Section Eacks, no
4-^ separators, lino for veils, two part reels wire
lo»r frames, 30s. and carriage. — JOYCE, 1, Park
View, Earnborongh, Hants. e.94

SELLING, through illuess, about 20 crowded
Stocks of Bees; £5 and £4 each; hives extra
if wanted.— GEEEN, Basildon Eoad, Laindon,
Essex e.9o

TTIEGIN Italian Queens, 56. each; immediate
V delivery. — JACK TICKELL, Westbourne
Apiary, Cheltenham. e.96

FOE Sale, two Extractors, take standard or
shallows, in good condition, on© side geared,
one centre geared, 5Cis. each on rail.— LQXLEY,
lifortiifield, Birmingham. e.97

WANTED, immediately. Swarms or Nuclei,
Italians. Brothers help. All bees dead.—
Address, CEOSS, Dent, Sedbergh. e.98

FOE SALE, several stocks healthy Bees, supered,
£5 per stock.— GIDDINGS, South Mimms,
Barhet. • e.iq5

FQE SALE, Apiary, consisting of seven well-
stocked hives.— 25, Sutton Court Eoad, Ohis-
wick, W.4. e.l06

SWAEMS, 306. to 40s.; finest quality Sections,
new, 32s. dozen.— NOETH, Cressing, Brain-
tree, Eesex. r.e.25

EXCHANGE, 5x4 Folding Camera, three double
slides, case, etc., for pound packages of
Italians or Hybrids.— McCATHIE, Eosebank, Vic-
toria Eoad, Kirkcaldy. e.l08

QiJANTITY of drawn-out Shallow Frames, excel-
lent condition, li frames with drone comb.
Is. 6d. each; one gross 7-lb. lever-lid Honey Tins,
with handles, 14s. per dozen^ packed, on rail; one
gross 28-Ib. lever-lid Tins, 20s. dozen.— J.
AENEIBLD, Breinton, Hereford. e.l07

ITALIANS.— Choice strain (Penna's extra se-
lected). Spare nuclei, 35s., delivered. In-
quiries stamp.— Box 000, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, W.C.2. e.48

WANTED, Swarms of Bees, Italians, Dutch-
Italian hybrids. State price. — EEV.
EVANSj The Eectory, Llangammarch Wells. e.Sl

PUEE light Cambridge Honey (guaranteed),
281b. tins 42s., carriage paid; sample 4d.— J.
YOUNGEE, 6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. e.S6

FOE SALE, a few 1919 Hybrid Queens, from
this year's purchased stocks; price 79. 6d.
each.— ASHWOETH, The Bungalow, Weymouth
Street, Warminster. ' e.64

SUEPLUS QUEENS.— Dutch and Hybrid Virgins
from County Ee-stocking Apiary, 4s. 6d.
each'.— ANDEEWS, Expert, 78a, Westgat*. Peter-
boro'. *'81

SWAEMS for Sal^. Orders booked now.— <;QIjE.
Hornsey High School, Weston Park, N.8.

r.e.33

S

WAEMS.— May, £3; June, 50s.— SAUNDEES,
Waverley, Parnham, Surrey. e.39

FOE SALE, six frames of healthy honey-fed
Bees, never had any disease in apiary, £3 10s.
and 10s. charged on travelling box, from which
carriage of bees is deducted and balance returned
to buyer.— EEED, Primrose House, Heacham,
Norfolk. r.e.ao

COEEESPONDENCE COHESES in Bee-keeping.
— H. E. NEWTON, Brown House, BartCn-on-
Sea. Hants. r-d-157

WANTED, from August 22 to September 4. in
Cornwall or Devon, vitMa 12 miles or so of
sea, Bedroom and Sitting Eoom, with shed for
motor car; farmliouse preferred. Can any bee-
keeper oblige me?— W. HEEEOD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Eoad. Luton, Beds.

FOE SALE, two "Eotax Eoadlight 267" self-
contained Acetylene Motor Headlights, very
I)owerful, £6 the pair; on© Exhans* Wiiistl©. 10b.;
on© Wood-Milne Mo^w Foot Pump. 40s.—
HEEEOD-HEMPSALL. aa above.

WANTED, portibl* Gre©nJioiifl«.— Pric© and
particnl&n to W. HEREOD-HBMPBALIi.
Old Bedford Eoad, Luton. BedB.

WANTED, Auster Eear Wind Screen lor motor
car.— HBEEOD-HBMPSALL. u aboT*.

l§d. per word.

ITALIAN QUEENS DIEECT PEOM ITALY.—
E. Penna, Bologna, Italy.— Mr. S. H. Smith,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge, has bought all
the Queens I have still for sale in this year. As
agreed with him, all these queens will be sent by
me direct to customers.

MISSES PALING & PILLANS.— Orders booked
for strong three-frame Nuclei with pur©
Italian Penna Queens or home-reared Queens from
best selected Italian strains, £3; choice home-bred
Italian Queens, 12s.; Virgins, 6s., four for 20s.—
Golden Square, Henfield, Sussex. e.lOl

A n 4-FEAME Dutch, Dutch-Italian Nuclei for
4t I the first and second week in June, £3 Ss.,
carriage paid. I strongly recommend my Dutch;
Italian, a fine disease-resisting strain. 50 Nuclei
for July, £2 Ss. Cash with order.— W. SEALE,
Ashley Cottage, Oatlands Drive, Walton-on-
Thames, Surrey. ^-^

NATURAL SWAEMS, 25s.; Stocks, 7s. per
frame, carriage paid.— E. TINSON, Sutton
Courtenay, Abingdon, Berks. &.'iii2

1(lOA PUEE Fertile Italian Queens, direct
LvZA) from the well-known French breeder.
Abbe Warre, 7s. 6d. each.— Orders, for execution,
in rotation, to ELLIOTT, Kelvin Eoad, Ipswich.

r.e.l04

PUEE Golden and three-band Italian Bees and
Queens; prolific and gentle; the ideal bee lor
pleasure and profit.— COOMBEE. 64, Ronald Park
Avenue, Westcliff, Essex. «39

NEW-ENGLAND-BRED ITALIAN QUEENS.-
Untested laying Queens, ready June 1, lOs.,
delivery guaranteed; 6s. at purchaser's, risk. Eng-
lish money accepted by registered mail.— ALLEN
LATHAM, Norwichtown, Conn., U.S.

ITALIAN 4-FRAME NUCLEI. Penna Queen,
covered bees and brood, 55s.; boxes 10s., return-
able. 1920 Penna imported Queens, lis. each.
Large stock " W.B.C." Hives and Apiary Sup-
plies; bargain.— C. HOG AN, Boxford, Suffolk.

S64

THE BHITISH BEE JOtmyAL. May 27, 1920.

APPLICATIONS are invited for the post of
Instructor in, the combined subjects of
Poultry and Bee-keeping.— Applications, stating
salary required, should be sent in by May 31, 1920,
to THE PRINCIPAL, Kirton Agricultural Col-
lege, near Boston, Lines, from whom further par-
ticulars may be obtained. e.84

KA— 7K 3-FBAME Nuclei Italian Hybrids, 1920
0\J t fJ Queens, proved disease-resisting strain
and excellent honey gatherers. Delivery early
June onwards; orders executed in rotation. Price.
456. each, carriage paid; travelling boxes to be
returned.— Further particulars, HOSEG-OOD, 26,
Purley Pajk Road, Purley, Surrey. r.e.86

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 50s., June delivery; 6-frame Stocks,
706.; 8-frame Stocks, 90s.; immediate delivery; box
charged 10s., returnable; Italian Fertile Queens,
10s. 6d. All orders in strict rotation Cash with
order.— LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess
Hill, Sussex. e.79

ITALIAN COLONIES.— Simmins and Penna
strains; 8 frames, £4 15s.; Nuclei, 3 frames,
45s. .Five per cent, discount to members of
Middlesex Bee-keepers' Association. — BABBAGE,
33, Whitestile Rd., Brentford. r.e.75

ORDERS booked for Swarms, all guaranteed
healthy, also Nuclei.— STANLEY, 56, Mon-
tague Road, Cambridge. r.e.72

FOR SALE, good Nuclei, 1920 Queens, four
frames 62s. 6d., three 45s., two 376. 6d.; ready
mid-iMay; cases 7s. 6d., returnable; Jotjenal
deposit.— A. H. HAMSHAR, Wonersh, Guildford.

e.41

MR. BEE-KEEPER,— If you wish to succeed
with your bees you must have the best.
Three-frame Nuclei, hardy, disease-resisting, home-
reared Italians, 1920 Queen; price, Jime £3 3s.,
July £2 13s., carriage paid; 7s. 6d. refunded on
box if returned carriage paid Saxilby Station.
Terms : Cash with order.— HERBERT VALLEY,
Apiarist, Saxilby, Lincoln. r.e.31

ISLE OF WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;
use the solution that cures; 2fi. per bottle.—
E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.d.l49

1Q9n PURE Fertile Italian Golden Queens,
±uZi\J guaranteed imported direct from Italy;
regular supplies throughout the season from second
week in May; 14s. each; specially selected, 176. 6d.
— GOODARE, Italian Queen Specialist, New Cross,
Wednesfleld. r.d.l50

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time Bee
Parmer. — Terms on application to C. B.
BARTLETT, Sandford Mount, Charlbury, Oxon.

d.l27

AVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?

If not, why not? Every number in itself is

a useful literary work tor practice and reference.

Specimen copy f ree.— OfBcea : THE APIS CLUB,

Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

HIGHLAND & AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S
SHOW at ABERDEEN, July 20-23. Entries
cloise for STOCK, etc., on June 10.— Entry Forms
from JOHN STIBTON, 3, George IV. Bridge,
Edinburgh.

NOTE.— The Minister of Transport has now decided
that Live Stock returning from the Show
unsold, be conveyed at half rate, and that
Attendants accompanying Live Stock to the
Show, and necessary provender for the journey,
be carried free.

HOLLAND COUNTY COUNCIL.
AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE.

ORDERS booked for 3-frame Nuclei, F«rtil«
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. Liet for
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. CBACKNELL.
Mount Road, Thundersley, Essex. r.d.27

Dutch Bees.

I am Sole Agent for Hans Matthes,
the Dutch Bee Farmer who supplied the
British Government last season with
Skep stocks for their County Re-
stocking Scheme.

These bees are hardy, • prolific,
healthy.

Send for Illustrated Catalogue giving
methods of management, charac-
teristics, honey -gathering and disease-
resisting powers of this race of bee.

Address —

R. WHYTE,

The Bee Farm,

Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.

5 per cent, discount allowed to members of the
Apis Club.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address :

Signor Gaetana Plana,
Castel San Pietro.
near Bologna. Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiarv
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOR 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: May, 12/-; June, 11/-;
July, August and September, 9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B J.J."
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " BJ8J." and
"B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. ESBJMKD-HXOCVflAXX., 83, B*df«rf
Bkr«*t, Btz»ad, l^adoB, W.C.8.

May 27, 1920. TH^ BRITISH BEE JOtTRKAU.

iii

SCIENTIFIC QUEEN REARING.

BEST

In the world.

Every

appliance and

instructions.

Send for

KAT-A-LOG

MEADOWS

SYSTON.
Near LEICESTER

HIVES AND APPLIANCES.

Immediate dispatch. Quality O.K.

Write for prices.

ANDREWS & CO.

Joinery and Carving Worlds,
78a, WESTGATE, PETERBOHOUGH.

BOZZALLA t«8ted Qneens are sold aX ih« prica
ufiually ciiarged for untested qneenfi.— Cftta-
lo^ne from H. 6TI0H, fiicc&rtobar Avenne.
Paisley. r.c.ll6

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper,
Get a Copy— Thurjday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post fret from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

6i

RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

2/6 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of,

*' Isle of Wight" Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

39, Farrinsdon Road, London, E.C.I.

PREPARE FOR EXTRACTING.

The quickest, cleanest and most efficient on the market is the " BAIRD " EXTRACTOR,
which extracts from BOTH SIDES of the COMB simultaneously.

Particulars from G. S. BAIRD, 1, HURST ROAD, ERITH, KENT.

HIGH

GRADE ITALIAN BEES FROM THE COTSWOLD HILLS.

6 COMB
3 »

C01,0NIE;S 71/- 1 PROI,IFIC QUEENS 9/6

NUCI^EI 45/- 1 VIRGIN QUEENS 5/-

BOOK NOW FOR IMMEDIATE DELIVERY.

L r. A

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 " Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17 x 14 X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

XHE) APIARY. BROMI^E^Y. KE^IVX.

it

THE BRITISH BEE ^^OTJByAL. May 27, 1^20.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
FmU descriptions and illustrations in pur 1920 Catalogue:

*^ Everything for an Apiary/'
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY .

R. STEELE Si 9R0DIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, SQOtland.

}:(}q:^Xt)::^m«):t):in^^^rtn):(J^}::(TOn}:t):t^}:rX^nX:(nnnX^^^

^ (Telegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

Ittt Bee Supplies. §

In design, material ^nd workman- ^

ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain W

the reputation of b.eipg yoiir best and W

safest investment. t^

iS 0 tl v-^

q Our 1930 ILI^USTRATED CATA- Q

LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the W

most up-to-date hives and appliances M

for which the House of Lee is famous. }l^

a a a )l(

fT We regret the necessity of having }l(

" to advise our Customers that owing J;Y

to the increased cost of production, all W

prices in 1920 price list are subject to w

10% increase. The increase will not ci

apply to orders received ]t>efore May 10. M

Five per cent discount to Members of z\
THE APIS CLUB. M

JAMES LEE & SON, §

LTD., Jil
IX. g

H

Uxbridge, Middlese

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

Z\&. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS. QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX.

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manufacture of bee-
appliances, and therefore my prices will be advanced 10% from May lOth. Books exceptd.

PSINTIO BY TBI AviMDi PrISS (L. UPOOTI OiU, A SON, Ltd), 6M7, DbUBY LlMI, liONDON, W.O.. AJTB
PVBUaHU 90M TBI PBOPEUTOB (W. HU&Ol>> HBMPBAU), W SutPEUI, MiUHiI<W HAMIttOll,

Knz St Co., Lw.. 31 A 3a, PinExoms ftow. JLO.

BsiTMH Bn JouRNAi AND Bn-KCVIM* AoviMS. June 3, 1920

oft

?^i

fif* Bce-J:^ccpcrs
Adviser/

eCWbekV Journal Devoted to/A,ry"A»rf'
the Interests oj ,^4^^^^®:
Bee-Keepers.

'.^;/Aisziaa«

No. 1980. Vol. XLVIII

JUNE 3, 1920.

\Fuhli»h»i '««■« tWurtimt, Pries ad.

coi^rrEiivrc s.

PAQE

Review 265

Royal Show Ftjnd 265

A Dorset Tarn 266

Notes from Gretna Green 267

Sugar Feeding 267

The Example of the Bees (poem) 268

Notes on Bee-keeping 268

Herefordshire Bee-keepers' Association .... 269

Correspondence—

Qu«eiis and Space Between Brood Chambers 271

Saving Bee Life 272

Tlie British Honey Produoers' Association .. 272

Queries and Replies —

Various Queries 273

A Bee Story 273

Bee Shows to Come 273

QUARTER OF COST.

VEILS

1/10 POST FREE.

We have just taken over from the Government all their surplus unused
VEILS (750) made for protecting the faces of soldiers in Mesopotamia from
Mosquitos and Flies. These are perfect as Bee Veils and v^re are able to
offer them at the above exceedingly small figure. Once these are sold it will
not be possible to replace at anything approaching this price. The Veils fit
over any hat and are fitted with one adjustable cane which keeps the veil well

clear of the face.

SOMETHING NEW IN
WAX EXTRACTORS.

'THE WILLIS" 33/-

NO WASTE— NO TROUBLE— NO SMELL.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

THE BRITISH BEE JDTTRNAL.

June 3, 1920.

The Canadian Bee Supply & Honey Co.,

(TORONTO) Limited

Manufacturers of, and Dealers in, Beekeepers'
Supplies, Hives, Bees, Queens, Honey, and Wax.

SOLE AGENT FOR EUROPE AND THE COLONIES .—

C. S. J. CRUTCHFIELD,

25, BARTLETT'S BUILDINGS, HOLBORN CIRCUS,

LONDON, E.C.4. (Telephone Holborn 824).

DONT KEEP BEES!

Let the Bees Keep you !
WELL TELL YOU HOW!

You are cordi-
ally invited to
pay a visit to
the

CANADIAN
INDUSTRIES
EXHIBITION,

Agricultural

Hall, Islington,

London,

June 3rd to

17th, 1920,

and to inspect

our exhibit of

Hives and Ap-

pliances on

Stand 45,

Row D.

BucKEve

gpOOD t

Keep Bees to
make Honey.
Produce Honey
and ma k e
Money. If you
merely wish to
" Keep Bees "
any old Hive
will do. But
if you want to
produce Honey
in bulk, try
"Canada's
way." With
Sugar at 1/3 per
lb. HONEY
FOR NOTH-
ING is worth
while.

The "BUCKEYE" Double-walled Hive.

Makers of the celebrated Canadian " STANDARD " Single-walled Hive and
" BUCKEYE " Double-walled Hive, upon which models a tremendous Honey
producing industry has been built up in Canada and the States.
Thoroughness has characterised the methods employed by Apiarists in the above-
named Countries, and everything in the form of useless ornamentation has been
rigorously cut out. " UTILITY " is their keynote.

Good, stout, well-seasoned wood, and practical utility appliances, which will assist
the Bees to make and man to take, with the least possible amount of effort, the
greatest possible quantity of Honey, go to the making of these splendid Hives.
Nothing is done in Canada to hamper, but everything IS done to encourage, the
Bees to do their best ; AND THEY DO IT !

As much as 300 lbs. of Honey has been taken in one season from one "BUCKEYE"
Double-walled Hive, and still sufficient has been left in for Winter feeding.

June 3, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURITAL.

265

Review.

American • Foullrood and European
Foulhrood, by G. F. White (BuUetins
Nos. 809 and 810, Bureau of Entomology)
Department of Agriculture, Washington,
D.C. U.S.A.

These are two professional papers
dealing with the) further investigations
carried on by the author on these diseases.
He says respecting American foulbrood
that it is an infectious disease caused by
Bacillus larvcB and is characterised by a
decided ropiness of the decaying brood and
a^peculiar foul odour. It is very widely
distributed, is easily recognised, and is
of much economic importance. The present
studies refer to the resistance of Bacillus
larvce to heat, drying, sunlight, fermen-
tation and disinfectants, etc., and the
discussions are based upon observations
made in the laboratory and experimental
apiary. Discussing the name of the
disease he points out, as has been generally
recognised in Europe, that there are two
diseases that have gone by the name of
foulbrood, a strong smelling and an
odourless form. This latter form the
author calls European foulbrood, which is
also iyi infectious disease caused by
Bacillus" pluton. It is characterised by
the death of brood during the uncapped
stage and by the absence of any marked
odour. While Bacillus alvei is not as has
been supposed the cause of any bee
disease, it occurs very frequently with
European foulbrood and is found seldom
in the ropy disease. Other bacteria are
frequently encountered but by demon-
strating Bacillus pluton to be the cause
of the disease, and other species such as
B. alvei, Streptococcus apis and Bacteriunv
euridice were thereby proven to be
secondary invaders. It is evident that
there is some difference between these
diseases as they occur in Europe and
America, because what is called American
foulbrood (B. larvoe) as we find it in
Europe has no strong odour, and in fact
goes by the name of "odourless foul-
brood " (nichtstinhende Faulhrut.) It
has also been called ' 'bosartige Faulbrut,"
or virulent foulbrood. The strong
smelling (stinkende Faulhrut) es it is
called in Europe is now stated to be
caused by Bacillus pluton and that
Bacillus alvei and Streptococcus apis
(Maassen) or sour brood, although present

are only secondary invaders and not the
prime cause of the disease.

While we recognise the value of Dr.
White's researches we think it a pity
that continental names should have been
given to two diseases which occur not only
in Europe and America but also in other
countries. The two names "odourless or
virulent " and " strong smelling or mild "
sufficiently well defined and characterised
the two diseases, and we think better than
those adopted by the author.

In these two bulletins the author gives
full details of the work carried out and a
comprehensive summary of his conclusions,
and the large number of illustrations
showing the changes which take place in
the larvae at various periods during the
progress of the disease, add considerably
to the value of the work.

Royal Show Fund.

Th© Council of British Bee-keepers*
Association are anxious to take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Dirlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show may not be spoilt. In order to
defray the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that all bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which should be sent as early as possible
to the Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

Subscriptions for this fund are coming
in very slowly, and we would urge all
those who can possibly do so to send a
donation, hioweveir smajl. The sum
needed is not, comparatively, large and if
every one does a little should be easily
forthcoming. " The Royal " is the show
of the year, when the value of bee-
keeping, and of the use of honey, to the
community is brought to the notice of
hundreds of people, and should the
Bee and Honey Department have to be
dropped for lack of funds, the loss to
bee-keeping will be out of aU proportion
to the amount needed to carry on. May
we also urge aU those who can do so to
make an entry, and exhibit at the
Darlington show. A good display will
help both the show and the craft. We
are sure our bee-keeping friends in the
North are looking forward to a good
display of honey, etc., at this year's
Royal Show.

D0NATI0J7S BBCEITES.

£ 8. d.

Amount received 8 2 6

R. Amies 0 10 6

£8 13 0

266

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 3, 1920.

A Dorset Yarn.

Each season one sees more of the flowers
for which bees have a preference; they
like rasps more than logans, though the
latter have the larger flowers. There
evidently is not so much nectar in the
logan as in the rasp. It is the same with
white broom, quite five times more bees
are on these small flowers than on the
showy and larger flowers of Andreana,
a brown and yellow flower growing side
by side with the white. Numbers are on
the crimson clover as it is cut each day
for the stock, huge fields of corn with
wild charlock igiving them a yellow cover-
ing, bad for the farmer but good for the
heos.

Our bees now have the larger part with-
out pollen. We assume they are storing
nectar ; it is to be seen in the sections,
not any are capped over, but now a few
real, warm days have come they will do
more. It is possible, with so much wet,
they leave honey longer to ripen before
closing over entirely. One lot has swarmed
(while the bee-keeper was at church) ; it
seemed such a pity with a rack of sec-
tions not finished, they must be put on
top of the swarm for them to finish off.

Where an extra brood chamber was
placed over the top of a strong stock, and
the bees had stored a lot of honey in the
cells, leaving the part for the brood nest
empty, the queen had been up and filled
a comb or two with eggs. The under-
brood box we moved to another place,
leaving the upper brood box to take the
place of the old. This was a lot of
Italians, a part of one huge swarm where
several queens oame out together, last
season. There was only a very small fol-
lowing with this one, and what was better
for the bee-keeper, they never showed a
drone last season; being only a small lot
they knew that they would not swarm,
so never built up any drone cells. There
were but very few this season, and these
were beautifully marked ; am hoping that
this division (made by themselves) will
save the necessity of them swarming at
all. I have never tried this method of
increase before; but having the drawn-
out standard bars of comb one is able to
build up strong increase quickly, as the
queen has not to stop her egg-laying for
one day. W^e have arranged a brood box
of ten bars for the big swarm that has
come out to-day (May 23). Three of the
bars are all drawH out; the queen will
not have to wait as she would do if all were
bars with foundation only.

I was transferring some bees a weok
or two since, where the bars had all the
lower half filled with drone comb; all
full of drone brood, the bars could only

have had a part of a sheet of brood foun-
dation. It is a pity that those who raise
bees for sale should do this, as the bees
will always have this extra lot of drone
cells, and so many of those who feed but
do not work. The bars were all new, and
must have been started with shallow bar
foundation, as the cells were so regular
on the lower part of each bar. I have
found that bees will build drone cells
even in new bars in some seasons. The
greater the population the earlier the
workers seem tO' decide that they must
have queen cells, and as a " necessary
evil," males to make quite sure the queens
are perfect mothers, so that they can
emigrate and found another colony. A very
small lot do not see the necessity of queens
and males, as they will not become too
crowded the first season.

Since writng this I have had one stock
that showed some crawlers going over the
front of the hive; and knowing that it is
easy to stop this by spraying with
Flavine, I sent in for Squire Tomlinson
(of Wimbourne), who came and helped me
with a spray of sugar and Flavine. Each
comb as it was taken out was sprayed
on both sides. He has been up another
day with me since, and all the stocks have
been gone over, even those that had two
racks of sections and a brood box of bars
(that were full of honey) on top; these
are " skyscraper " hives.

After the third day the crawling seems
to have finished; they had all gone from
the hives, or had the kink taken out of
their wings so that they could fly. I hope
every bee-keeper has such a good neigh-
bour as the Dorset yarner; the desire to
help each other in times of need is the
right spirit. Bee-keepers send after him
with their motors; %he cottager (even
seven miles away) comes to him for advice.
So great is the lure of bees with him
that he is always helping some one; he
finds that it is easy in summer, when it
is warm, to clear out this crawling with
Flavine, and not to let it spoil the honey
season for the bee-keeper.

We are building up a new lot of bars
for all the stocks this year, and each stock
has had one lot on the top or beneath
the brood chamber. As soon as the queen
has taken to the new combs the old ones
are transferred to another place, and the
new lot left in the place of them ; even
one that was in a skep, a box of bars
was placed on top (we had a board the
length of a section box). The queen was
some time deciding to go up ; she did
eventually, but those placed beneath the
old stock were the first that the queen
took possession of. During the war we
have not had new bars; they have been
on the same all the time, and we have

June 3, 1920. THE BBITISH BEE JOTJByAL.

267

only taken out those that had so many
drone cells built on them. Some of the
stocks have already filled the large stan-
dard bars with honey, have drawn out the
foundation in one week, and started
storing them with the shiny liquid.

The deduction we have made by these
trials is that it is better to place the
new lot of standard bars beneath the old ;
but. of course, for honey surplus the
standard bars that are filled with honey
before the end of May are best for income.
These are on top of the brood box, yet
in some the queen went up and took
possession ; birt, as I described last week,
the workers left the part for the brood
eni.pty ; in these others they have filled
the combs with honey, and in one in-
stance are hanging round the entrance
waiting for a nice day to swarm. It
shows that the workers rule the hive, the
lot that swarmed on the 23rd had en
Friday (when Squire Tomlinson sprayed
them with Flavine) queen cells on six of
the combs. The workers had decided to
swarm out again, and found another
colony. It was interesting to see where
these cells were placed, some on the side
of the top bar, some in the centre of
comb, some with bolt holes to the other
side of comb, and queen cells on both
.sides. — J. J. Kettle.

. Notes from Gretna Green.

STJPERING.

May has been a honey-less month! here,
but reserve stores are still abundant and
feeding unnecessary When working for
sections every eflForf should be made to
keep the brood nest compact, as ten
frames really full are preferable to having
the same amount of brood spread over
twelve. Before supering I looked over
all the brood boxes, removing drone combs
and those with too much pollen, oontract-
ins each stock to ten of oomb.

The combs with sealed stores over brood
had the honey oappings bruised, and were
placed in the centre, a rack of combed
sections pi:t on and aU wrapped up
warmly. The bees went up strongly at
once, and will carry all their stores above,
giving the queen a monopoly of the cell
room below, the result being frames full of
brood from side to side, and right up to
top bars.

QTTEEN INTRODUCTION.

I find no difficulty in getting any queen
accepted by the confined nucleus method.
The two outer pollen combs and adhering
bees are taken from a colony, making
certain about no queen or eggs being
present.

These hopelessly queenless and broodless
bees are confined in a nucleus box and

allowed to release the new queen by eating
away the candy from her travelling cage.
This method is almost infallible.

RESEBVB STORES.

I have already suggested in the B.B.J.
and now repeat that one colony should
be set aside each season solely to store up
solid combs of honey for distribution over
the other colonies according to their needs.
Consistently practised this would elimin-
ate the now formidable sugar bill, besides
being an insurance against loss of stocks
through starvation during winter and
spring.

Many otherwise good bee-keepers are
guilty of this form of dreadful cruelty to
their little workers, and these careless ones
should bear in mind that this evil is
wrought by want of thought— and fore-
thought.— J. M. Ellis, Gretna, Carlisle.

Sugar Feeding.

We ought to be very grateful for our
allowance of sugar this spring, as there
was a difficulty regarding shortage, I
believe.

In the autumn those who have many
hives would profit by reserving one hive
with shallow frames during the season, to
feed bees at the end of the honey harvest.

The reason I quote' is this. I have
seen a good deal of dysentery about owing
to sugar fermenting from being left un-
capped after a mild season with cold
snaps.

Sugar feeding in the autumn (late)
means endless manipulation to see if it
is capped, which disturbs bees very much
at this time of year.

I am sorry to see some sell every scrap
of honey, even from the brood box, and
its place is taken by sugar, which in
itself is unnatural to bees. By feeding
with honey they cap it easier and
quicker. By being fed early autumn
they raise a large brood, and therefore
don't eat so much. In the spring one
finds plenty of capped honey to begin
breeding, which is the finest thing to
start on at the end of March. Let them
have all their combs during winter.

I have seen them all huddled in a
comatose state along the top of the
frames through the passages of a Bymer
Board, where it is warm, looking the pic-
ture of health. Gently putting a candy
box with glass top over the feed hole, a
week later a lot of little black heads are
seen busy feeding, and so on till syrup
time arrives.

If the bees are put up snug with well
capped honey (which is uncapped slowly
as needed), and the hive is opened on a
warm day at the end of March, there is
a nice dry hive, with a good start of bees;
no shake of the bea4, "Pysentery"; small

268

THB BRITISH BEE yoimWAlJ.

June 3, 1920.

patch of brood. Take iny tip and try it.
Let your bees be your first customers.
They will repay you tenfold. This ap-
plies only to those who really can afford
it, of course. — Cyril Teedcroft.

The Example of the Bees.

[As is well known, bees play an important
part in the fertilisation of flower s.'\

t threw me down in a clover field

Beneath a cloudless sky.
" My life is nothing but endless toil!"

I cried, with a weary sigh.
The bees were flitting from flower to
flower,

Working with all their might.
" "Why rest you not, little bees? " I said.

" Why labour from morn till night? "

" Ah, no 1 " hummed one, as she lit quite
near
To my throbbing abd aching head.
" There are thousands of helpless babes
at home
Who'll die if they are not fed."

And under the sky I lay for awhile
On my bed 'mong the clover bloom.

" They fancy they drudge for the babes,"
I mused,
" And bear with joy their doom.

" But Nature impels their ceaseless
search
For nectar the livelong day,
Because she would brighten the dull old
earth
With countless blossoms gay."

I rose from the ground with a new-found
zest,

With a stronger and braver heart,
" I'll not be shamed by the bees," I cried,

" But will play a manly part 1

" My tasks are lowly, my duties dull,

But I'll never again repine ;
Who knows but my humble toil may serve

Some hidden end divine? "

Cannino Williams.

Notes on Bee Keeping.

strong, healthy hives of bees will be
found to contain brood in various stages
during February. It is then but a small
patch, right in the centre of the cluster,
and as the season advances this increases
until nearly all combs in the brood-
chamber are one mass of brood. A hive
at the commencement of spring is in a
very depopulated condition ; especially
is this the case if, through excess of
stores the previous autumn, the queen
has been restricted in her breeding space.
Under these circumstances there will be

very few bees left in the hive when
spring arrives. The oldest bees of ft
community die first ; as a consequence,
the young ones are the most likely to
live through the rigours of winter, and
come out in spring in the best of con-
dition. If the number of these can be
replaced by young ones reared early in
spring a great gain will be made. Not
only is this done, but a hive can, by
gentle feeding, be brought into such a
condition before the honey flow as it
would be after such had commenced if
left unattended. It is a well-known fact
that bees left entirely to their own
inclinations are not in so flourishing con-
dition when the honey flow sets in as
they are a short time after, when honey
is the bee-keepers' first consideration.
If we can, by a certain system of
management, get our hives in as strong
a condition just before this event takes
place, then, of course, much early honey
is gathered for the bee-keeper. Bee-
keepers may be tempted, owing to the
high price of sugar, to leave their bees
to their own inclination, but I venture
to suggest if they will take the trouble
and expense to spring-feed, they will be
amply repaid when the honey harvest
comes round. The best time to spring-
feed is in autumn, and use the uncap-
ping knife in spring. This is my ex-
perience, and, in my opinion, beats
the bottle-feeding. It can be easily done
without removing the combs — wbioh is
inadvisable in early spring — ^by simply
inserting an ordinary table knife be-
tween the combs and raising the cap-
pings of a few cells every two or three
days. This will increase breeding very
much, and is considered by others far
superior to bottle-feeding. Sometimes
we find colonies at spring-time — about
March or beginning of April — to be short
of stores, especially when the winter has
been mild, like the one we have just
passed through, causing, the bees to
move about, and in consequence to feed
more freely. It is at this time syrup ic
needed, about six weeks before the ex-
pected honey flow. As a cheap kind of
feeder, take a lever-lid tin (a Lvle's
golden svrup tin answers well) and bore
two small holes in the bottom with an
awl or darning needle, not more, or else
the bees will ejet too much syrup, and
the queen wQuld be " crowded ont," the
meanine of which is that the cells would
be filled with syrup until there were
none, or very few, emotv ones left for
her to lav eggs in. The colonv must
then gradually dwindle away. But, on
the contrary, if the amount of syrup fed
to the bpps is restricted to suit the
ideas of the advanced bee-keeper a great
advantage will be gained ; therefore,

June 3, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAL.

269

unless the colony is in a starving con-
dition, the bees must only be allowed to
obtain syrup through not more than
two holes, and if they take down more
than half a pint of syrup per day this
must be reduced to one hole. The
manner in which this so favourably
affects the colony is easily explained.
Unless a certain amount of stores is
being collected by the bees, suflEicient for
their own consumption as well as for the
larvae, the queen will not lay eggs
beyond the number that can be supported
upon that quantity. If no stores are
coming in, but there is sufficiency in the
hive to support the colony, the queen
will lay a moderate number of eggs ; in
fact, will breed in a half-hearted sort
of manner, but the instant stores begin
to come in her laying is greatly in-
creased, hence, by practising deception
on the queen, causing her to suppose
that natural stores are being collected,
she increases the number of eggs laid,
and the colony increases proportionately
in strength, ready to take advantage of
an early honey flow. — P. Lythgoe, Pad-
gate, Warrington, Lanes.

Herefordshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

RE-STOCKING SCHEME.

The Ministry of Agriculture's bee re-
stocking scheme has placed the Hereford-
shire Bee-Keepers' Association in a
dilemma. It had been hoped that the
scheme would be worked through the
Association, but a condition was imposed
that those taking advantage of the scheme
should become members of the Association.

To this the Ministry refused to agree,
and the matter was referred to a special
general meeting of members of the Associa-
tion, held at the Y.M.C.A., Hereford, on
Saturday afternoon.

The meeting was faced with something
in the nature of an ultimati:m, by reason
of the fact that Mrs. Mynors. the hon.
secretary, a lady who has rendered great
service to the Association, had stated her
intention of resigning if the amendments
susrgested by the Ministry were accepted.

The Rev". Q. W. Turner, of Madley,
presided, and, explaining the position,
said that at a previous meeting an agree-
ment was practically come to that the
Association should aict as a sub-committee
of the County Council for the purpose of
carrying out the Government's bee re-
stocking scheme in the county, for which,
purpose they would receive grants
amounting to about £150. One of the
conditions the Association imposed was
that everyone benefiting by the sdieme, if
not already a member, should become a

member of the Association. Their reason
for that was to ensure that the money
spent should not be wasted, but that they
should have a guarantee that the bees
supplied were being properly looked after,
the Association having an expert who
went round at intervals and examined the
Jiives. They thought the matter was
settled until they received an intimation
that the Ministry would not agree to the
(Condition imposed.

Mr. Porter, the agricultural organiser,
had written the following letter : —

" I am directed by my committee to
inform you that the Ministry of Agricul-
ture is not prepared to approve, without
amendment, of the arrangement arrived at
between the County Council and your
Association, and, as the Ministry are
providing two-thirds of the expenditure,
my committee feel there is no alternative
but to accept the amendments which the
Ministry of Agriculture suggest. The
points to which the Ministry raises objec-
tion are as follows: —

(1) The Ministry are unable to give
their sanction to the bee re-stocking
scheme being confined to members to your
Association, and as the scheme is a
national one it should be open to resi-
dents in the county, however desirable it
may be for all bee-keepers to be united in
an association.

(2) The Ministry objects to any
diflferentiation being made between
cottagers and smallholders, and suggests
that their subscriptions for each stock of
bees should be from 35s. to 40s. as a flat
rate.

(3) The Ministry suggest that spring and
autumn visits should not be confined solely
to members of the Association, but for all
bee-keepers in the county who wish to
receive a visit from the expert carrying
out this work. The remuneration the
committee suggest for tlie expert carrying
out this work for non-members should be
an inclusive fee of 2s. per visit made,
although this might be worked in along
with the ordinary work of the expert.

The only point that really affects your
Association is No. 1 as given above, and as
non-members will not be able to secure
any of the advantages offered by your
Association, with the exception of a visit
when requested — for which your expert
would receive separate remuneration as
suggested in No. 3 above — my committee
do not think that these amendments will
in practice be found to adversely affect the
work of your Association. In any case,
they will be bound to conform to them, or
lose the grant, which would be fatal to
the development of bee-keeping in the
county.

With regard to No. 2, the fixing of a

270

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

June 3, 1920.

flat rate to cottagers and smallliolderis
does not affect your Association at all, as
the County Council ihas to pay tlie differ-
ence between the 35s. and the GOs. in each
case.

With respect to No. 3, it is a matter
which affects the bee expert only, and as
he can work his visits to non-members in
with the visits to members, I do not think
there will be any difficulty in this case,
as there are likely to be very few non-
members who wish to have a visit.

My committee will be glad to have your
early reply, stating whether your Associa-
tion are willing to agree to the amend-
ments which are imposed by the Ministry
of Agriculture if the joint arrangement
is to be carried into operation."

The chairman said the feeling appeared
to be that if they accepted the amend-
ments they would be practically commit-
ting suicide, because everyone could have
the same adyantages as if they were
members of the Association. He spoke
with warm appreciation of the services
rendered by Mrs. Mynors to the Associa-
tion, and said that to accept the amend-
ments would be to lose those services.

Mr. Arnfield said his opinion was that
the Association would commit suicide
whichever way it acted.

The chairman suggested that they might
follow the example of Kent, and leave the
bee re-stocking scheme entirely in the
hands of the County Council.

Mrs. Mynors explained that for once in
a way Herefordshire had been in advance
of the times. Kent started a bee re-stock-
ing scheme some few years ago, and
Herefordshire started about two years
later. The result was that they were about
two years in advance of the Grovernment
scheme which had now been brought
forward.

Considerable pressure was brought to
bear upon Mrs. Mynors to agree to
continue the secretaryship if the amend-
ments were accepted, but, while regretting
that sihe might be thought obstinate, she
explained that her deJcision was the result
of very serious and careful thought, and
was final.

With regard to the financial position of
the Association, it was stated that about
£60 was owing to Mr. Arnfield, but that
they had stocks which were sufficient to
meet the deficit. Mrs. Mynors said they
had spent their little all on their own re-
stocking scheme, to which she had always
been opposed. One member expressed the
view that tbev should go on as they did
before the Isle of Wight disease came,

and tbat if members lost their bees they
should buy agnain in the open markets, as
he had done^

Mr. Arnfield' s opinion was that the
T^ork of the Association would eventually

cease whether they accepted the amend-
ments or not, and that it would be carried
on through the County Council.

A motion was proposed that they should
not accept the amendments of the
Ministry, but this was not seconded.

Mrs. Mynors said she would be willing
to continue as secretary if the Association
would drop the re-stocking scheme.

Mr. Wood said that while it was most
unfortunate that they should lose their
secretary at such a juncture, he was in
favour of accepting the amendments, and
suggested that clerical assistance might be
rendered by the County Council in regard
to the re-stocking scheme.

To reach a decision, the chairman put
the question to the meeting, whether they
should accept the amendments, involving
the resignation of the secretary, or
whether they should refuse to accept them
and retain Mrs. Mynors' assistance. By
thirteen votes to 8 the meeting decided in
favour of acceptance, a final effort to
induce Mrs. Mynors to continue having
failed.

Mr. Wood proposed, and Mr. Watkins
seconded, that the amendments should be
accepted, and this was agreed to by a
majority of five.

Mrs. Tuke was then elected secretary
and treasurer, in place of Mr. and Mrs.
Mynors.

[We learn that Mrs. Tuke, since the
meeting, has reconsidered her decision,
and does not see her way to accept the
position of secretary.]

Mr. Stephens proposed that the
heartiest thanks of the Association be ac-
corded to Mrs. Mynors for the great
wot-k she has done for them, and this was
seconded by Mr. Arnfield. He said that
while he was in favour of accepting the
amendments, he much regretted the loss
of the services of Mrs. Mynors.

The chairman also expressed his warm
appreciation of Mrs. Mynors' work,
energy, and judgment, and the resolution
was unanimously carried.

The result of the deliberations is that
thfe Association will carry out the scheme
of the Ministry of Agriculture for bee
re-stocking in the county, and that there
will be no compulsion upon those receiving
stocks to join the Association.

[Mrs. Mynors is strongly in favour of
the re-stocking scheme which was
originally started in Herefordshire at her
suggestion, but she was opposed to carry-
ing it on at increasing expense to the
Association, and feels that the above
mentioned deficit of £60 justifies her in
her views. She reluctantly resigns the
hon. secretaryship for the same reason,
feeling oonvinteed that the present scheme
is detrimenta,l to the interests of the
Association, tho^gh p^e is. of the opinion

June 3, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

271

that, with certain re-arrangements, a
thoroughly workable scheme could be set
on foot, to the advantage of all bee-
keepers in the county, members of the
H.B.K.A. and others alike.]

(Communicated.)

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Queens and Space Between the
Brood Chambers.

[10191] I note you are quite determined
(10187) that a division through the brood
chamber is no detriment — indeed, rather
an advantage — and that you rather favour
the Heddon type. But why then do you
advocate a frame 14 by 12. There is, in
fact, no difficulty about the queen passing
from one frame to another.

The cluster protects her, and she passes
freely about. There is no question of any
diflBculty whatever. I do not in any way
follow you when yon say the fact of the
cluster extending below or above is an
argument in favour of division. I have
read the remark several times, and can
make nothing of it. Do you imply that
the bees should not extend below? If
so, you are quite wrong. Just experiment
a bit. A conqueror hive is very little use,
but it is excellent for studying the habits
of bees in winter.

In Mr. Simmins's original frames bee-
passages were made through the top bars.
Even when no other passage was given
the bees mostly blocked these passages up,
but they are almost always found to hang
below the frames in winter. In fact, I
have seen them hanging so that nearly
half the cluster was suspended like a swarm
below the frames, and this in the depth of
winter. I want to give you to under-
stand that I do not write about things
till I have tried them out. In the matter
of frames, for instance, I tried a frame
14 by 11'^ for two or three seasons in two
stocks, but I found it to be an utterly
worthless frame for every purpose except
wintering. I have never tried the Lang-
stroth frame, so I cannot speak so clearly.
Its great lenejth seems to cause our United
Stales friends some bother in wiring, and
all soi*ts of weird plans have been described
in the United States bee press lately. Its
length also seems to preclude its use in

square hives. I doubt very much if one
can exceed IO5 in. in depth to still work
for comb honey, while at the same time it
is as well to have as much depth as pos-
sible. I hope some people will try out
the Langstroth frame soon and let us know
how they get on — someone with no axe
to grind — but I know enough about the
14 by 12 to advise all to leave it alone
except for a hive or two for experimental
purposes.

(10175) Be Mr. Tedcroft's note-s. Let
me assure Mr. Amies that where a quilt is
taken off a hive at the end of the season
'■' as clean as the day they were put on,"
there is precious little under them. Give
me a sight of a well-plastered quilt. — R. B.
Manley.

[May we once again say that we have
never stated that a division through the
brood chamber is "no detriment," but
we are still unconvinced that it is the
detriment Mr. Manley and others would
have us believe. Mr. Manley seems un-
able to resist the temptation to read
more into a statement we make, or any-
thing we use by way of illustration, than
is intended, simply for the sake of trying
to demolish an argument he himself
has set up — like playing skittles. We
endeavour to look at matters from both
sides, and for our readers' guidance point
out what we consider either faults or
advantages. It does not follow that if we
point' out a fault in a method of work-
ing or some appliance we condemn it
iitterly, or that if we draw attention to
an advantage we are advocating its general
adoption. We leave our readers to judge
for themselves as to what will be best
under their special cotiditions. Mr. Man-
ley appears unable to see any fault in
anything that suits him, or any virtue
in what does not. To make our position
as clear as possible, we still prefer the
British standard frame for the hrood
chamber. For those who think it too
small we recommend the 14 by 12 in pre-
ference to 16 by 10, as brood chambers and
hives in use now can easily be adapted
to tone it — a W.B.C. brood box by having
a 3-in. exe under it and single-
walled hives by a rim on the top 3 in.
high. The adojotion of the 16 by 10 would
mean the scrapping of all W.B.C. brood
chambers and single-walled hives unless
they are made to take 11 standard frames.
To work in comfort new supers would
also be needed. We do not condemn the
16 by 10 as a frame, but in our opinion
the drawbacks mentioned would more than
counterbalance any advantage it may
possess. It is now nearly 20 years since
the '• Commercial " frame (16 by 10) was
introduced, and it strikes us as rather
remarkable that if the standard frame

272

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 3, 1920.

has been such a drag and handicap on the
industry, and the 16 by 10 is so far
superior to it as its champions assert, it
has not in that time ousted the standard.
We trust this disposes of the idea that
we favour a brood chamber composed of
two sets of shallow combs. As to the
queen passing from on© comb to another
under the comb we will grant the cluster
generally extends below the frames, but
the deeper the comb the more elongated
will the cluster be, and the longer will it
be before the queen moves. When she
does so, she will have to travel from the
lowest point at which eggs have been
deposited on one side to a point much
higher up on the other. In this the 14 by
12 is at a disadvantage, but two sets of
shallow combs would have a much larger
cluster of bees and more warmth at the
division of the two lots, and the queen
therefore would be able to travel more
freely from one comb to another. If one
set only of standard combs are used the
cluster under the comb will be larger than
under the deeper combs, and the distance
for the queen to travel will not be so
great. If more breeding room is needed
later on, another set of combs — shallow or
standard, as thought desirable — may be
placed under the first lot, and the cluster
that hung under the combs will now
extend down into those beneath. — Eds.]

Saving Bee Life.

[10192] May I suggest in the interests
of bee-keeping, and especially of the bees
themselves, that attention should be
drawn to a great fault with very many
bee-keepers, and that you will see your
way to use your influential journal to
point it out.

I refer to the cruelty, unintentional
certainly, of starving bees to death in
the galleries of the hives, and smothering
them between the quilts.

As a bee-keeper myself, I have had
th^ opportunity of inspecting the hives
of others, and have noticed a large
number of dead bees between the quilts,
and in the galleries, under the frame
ends. What has happened in the former
case is, of course, that when the hive has
been opened, the bees have settled on the
quilts, and the bee-keeper, without
taking thougrht or trouble to clear them
off, has simply laid the quilts back again
with the unfortunate creatures between
them.

In the second case, what happens is
this. The bee-keeper lis iinstruotled in
the best handbooks to use spacers for
dividing the frames, and does so, filling
every space between the frames from
side to side of the hive and leaving no

loophole for the bees, numbers of whicli

enter the galleries when the hive is
opened, to get back again. They are thus
excluded from all further food or warmth,
and die of starvation. I have seen
galleries with lots of these unfortunates,
simply because the bee-keeper has not the
sense to see that he is deliberately starv-
ing his workers to death by confining them
in the galleries. The remedy in this case
is, of course, quite simple. Leave, a,t
any rate, one bee way open (if necessary
omit one spacer) in each gallery, to
permit the bees to re-enter the brood
chamber. This cannot po&sibly do any
harm, and does good by saving the lives
of many bees.

This is my practice, and, being very
careful to see that all bees are removed
from the quilts before replacing them.
I have the satisfaction of opening my
hive without finding a single dead bee.

I think to avoid the cruelty, to say
nothing of the waste, these points should
be empliasised, as, I am certain that
very many of your readers only want
their attention drawn to this, to see that
they are overlooking a very simple but
necessary precaution. — C. C. Williams.

P.S. — This trouble with the galleries
could not happen if a bee way were cut
in the metal runners when the hive is
made. The ventilation into the galleries
would, I think, be rather an advantage
than otherwise. But this is only a
suggestion.

[Our correspondent is quite right,
Many bees are sacrificed in the manner
indicated through thoughtlessness, or
carelessness, or both. — Eds.]

The British Honey Producers'
Association.

[10193] May I put a few paragraphs
ia your valuable journal referring to Mr.
Claridge's article on April 1? I should
like to draw the attention of bee-keepers,
especially those that are working on com-
meYcial lines, to the suggestion put for-
ward by Mr. Claridge, who points out
the advantages of a " British Isles Honey
Producers' Association." He urges us to
get busy with our local Association's secre-
tary to push the thing forward. I sin-
cerely hope that Mr. Claridge's suggestion
will meet with all county Associations'
support.

I am intending to keep bees on a largo
commercial basis myself, but at present
I cannot see any guarantee of a good
market for the produce; neither is there
a fixed price for it, and, as all know,
honey is being sold at all prices at the
present time. I look in the Journal, and
see a certain amount of honey for sale,
" What offers? " This is nothing more

June 3, 1920. THB BRITISH BBB JOUBKAL.

273

or leas than cutting one another's
throats.

Now, the formation of a " British Islee
Honey Producers' Association " would put
an end to that, and again it would en-
courage the industry and protect it from
foreign competition. All the chief fruit-
growing districts of the world have an
Association of their own, and those who
take in The Fruit Grower cannot help but
see the advantages of them.

So let us have a " British Isles Honey
Producers' Association," as Mr. Claridge
suggests, and profit by the experience of
others. I congratulate Mr. Claridge for
his grand suggestion, viz., B.I.H.P.A.
and " the labelling of origin of foreign
honey," hoping these will be supported
by the bee-keepers of the British Isles.

" Isle of Wight " Disease.- One of Its
Causes. — I am extremely grateful to Mr.
Edwards and Mr. Boobier for their inte-
resting articles under the above heading,
and hope they will meet with still further
success. Edward Griffiths.

Various Queries,

[9904] May I ask you to answer in one
of your issues the following three ques-
tions : —

1. If a queen is taken out of a hive
aiid another substituted in a cage, if the
Latter is found to be dead 36 or 40 hours
after, can the original queen be given back
uncaged without risk?

2. Can anything be done to prevent an
undue proportion of drones being raised
without taking away drone comb and sub-
svituting worker comb (which I am not in
a position to do)? A short time back one
of my three hives had for days a very
large cluster hanging outside. On looking
close I found a great number of drones,
so I swept the lot into a box and then put
a sheet of queen-excluding wire on top.
The next day, the workers having escaped,
I scalded the drones, and counted 6,200 i
I then took away one comb filled from
top to bottom with drone cells (honey
therein), and another partl> filled, substi-
tuting a frame of worker comb and one
with a strip (|-inch) of foundation. The
queen was not solely a drone breeder, for
the hive is fairly strong and threw out a
swarm six weeks after the killing of the
drones. "Within the last six days (five
weeks after the swarm was thrown out) I
have again killed 3,100 drones, so I sup-
pose that drone comb has been built in
thd frame with strip of foundation.

3. Can anything be done to prevent

pollen being put in a super? On taking
hcney a short time ago from one of my
hives I found nearly half the sections
spoilt through a good many of the cells
having bee bread in them I There was a
sheet of excluder wire below the super,
and not a sign of eggs or brood in the
sections, -so the queen could not have got
up. I had the excluder on all the winter.
Could that fact have anything to do with
the trouble?

H. J. BovELL, St. Helena.
Eeply. — (1) It will be advisable to cage
the queen after so long an absence.
(2) Cut out the drone comb and close the
combs to 1:^ ins. from centre to centre.
If you use the W.B.C. ends, pull every
other one back, so that' the shoulders slip
one behind the other. When the comte
are built, space 1^ ins. as usual. (3) A
queen excluder generally prevents it to a
great extent. We do not know that you
can do anything else. Leaving the ex-
cluder on all winter will make no differ-

A Bee Story.

" THE TRUTH, THE WHOLE TRUTH — AND — "

A rather interesting instance of the
sagacity of bees occurred in County
Tipperary recently. Mr. Patrick Dalton^
Cloughaleigh, Golden, had been an ex-
tensive bee-keeper until three years ago,
when he gave up, and his servant maid
then took charge of them. Some short
time ago the maid left and went to reside
at her home 6 miles away. After she had
left Mr. Dalton missed four or five swarms
of the bees, and he subsequently dis-
covered' that they had flown off and lodged
at the servant maid's. — From the Cork
Constitution.

[The above is the type of story one ex-
pects from America. — Eds.]

Bee Shows to Come.

A rwminal charge of 28. 6d. is made for noticea
(not exceeding 7 lines) in this column, 10 linea
charged 38. 6d., up to 15 lines 6s., which covert
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

June 9 and 10, at Colchester.— Essex Agricnl-
tTiral Society. Clasees for Extracted and Comb
HoBey, etc. Schedulee from Secretary, Essex Bee-
keepers' Association, 7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.
Entries closed.

June 16 and 17.— Hanley Park Me«tin(r of th*
Staffordshire Agricultural Society. The Stafford-
shire B.K.A. offer valuable prizes and six silver
medals and nine bronz* medals. Twelve Olaseea
for members only, and five Open Classes. (Honey
Classes are for four or three jare or sections).
Schedules, W. GrifBths Silkmore. Stafford.
Entries closed.

June 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Roy«l
Agricultural Society's Show, Bee and Honey
Section, under the direction of the B.B.K.A. Prlz«8
arranRed in groups of counties for AssoelatJoiDs
afiSliated to the B.B.K.A. Scbednles fiem Th«
Secretary, 23, Bedfoird Street, Strand. W.C.t.
Entries closed.

274

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

June 3, 1920.

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.— Eoy«l Horti-
cultural Society's Show. TJie Glamorgan B.K.A.,
in conjuuotion with R.H.S., offer prizes for Honey,
Wax, Beee, and Appliances. Members, Novices,
and Open Classes. Schedules, Mr. Wiltshire,
Maindy School, Cardiff. Entries close June 22.

July 15 and 16, at Grimsby.— Liucolnshlre
Agricultural Society. Show of Bee Appliances,
Honey, Sections, Wax, etc., under the manage-
ment of the Lines B.K.A. Open and County
Classes. Valuable prizes.— Schedules from Major
Hadfield, Alford, Lines. Entries close June 12.

July 17, at Guildford.— Guildford and Dis-
trict Bee-keepers' Association. Members and Open
Classes.— Schedules and prize list from Rev. E. C.
Pitt-Johnson (Hon. Sec), Heatherwood, Pirbright,
Surrey. Entries close July 3.

July 20 to 23, at Aberdeen.- Highland and
Agricultural Society. Classes for Bee Appliances
and Honey. Premiums £53 10s. Half of Prize
Money and Silver and Bronze Medals contributed
by the Scottish Bee-keepers* Association.- Entry
forms from John Stirton, Secretary, 3, CJeorge IV.
Bridge, Edinburgh.

Monday and Tuesday, August 2 and 3, at
Newport.— Monmouthshire Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Annual Show (in connection with the New-
port Allotment Holders' Association). Members
and Open Classes.- Schedules (post free 3d.) from
Hon. Sec, " Underwood," Portskewett, near
Chepstow, Monmouthshire. Entries close
July 26.

August 12, at Taunton. — Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal prizes.
—Schedules from Mr. F. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

Wyke and Uormandy Horticultural Society.
— Honey Classes ((Open). Best three sections, 5s.,
36., 2s.; Run Honey; light, 3 1-lb. glass jars, 5s.,
36., 2s.; Run Honey, dark, 3 1-lb. glass jars, 5s., 3s.,
26. Entrance fee, 6d. — Particulars, H. L. Mumford,
Hon. Sec, Heatherside, Normandy, Guildford.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Will advertisers please read these Rules care-
fully in order to sav& trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as " BusU
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per it»., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imi>orted for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PKIVATE ADVEBTISEMENTS.

rpWO HIVES of healthy Italian Bees, also a few
-L empty Hives and Fittings; mo disease.-
GREEN, Winterley, Sandbach. f.l

NEW Light Lincolnshire Honey, fine quality,
£10 cwt.— TAYLOiR. Schoolmaster, New
Leake, Boston. f.2

EXTRACTOR, with Cowan cog gearing, perfect
working order, good condition, 50s.; packed.—
C. E. GOULD. 38, Fountain Street, Guernsey, f.3

FOR SALE, six lO-frame Hives and Accessories.-
BAKER, ^, Walsinghan< Jload, Clapton,
London. f.4

SWARMS.— Two for Sale on 4 and 5 frames. 35s.
and 40s. respectively. Hybrid Italian 1919
Queens, box returnable; also carpenter's Steel Grip
Vice, 12-in. draw, 27s. 6d.— WISDOM, 291, Cold-
harbour Lane, Brixton. f.5

HALLOW FRAME BOXES (eight drawn-out

combs), 15s. 6d. each; Is. extra on rjail. — 51,

Lower Mortlake Road, Richmond, Surrey. f.6

PRIME SWARMS/- 30s. to 40s.; marked immunity
from disease.— NORTH, Cressing, Braintree,
Essex. f.T

THREE good 10-frame Stocks Italian Hybrids,
1919 Queens, June delivery, £5 each. -
NICHOLSON, 176, Thorpe Road, Norwich. f.8

SMALL APIARY for Sale with spare hive©,
drawn-out combs, etc.; 30 miles from London.
Could remain in present position till autumn if
desired.— Box 86, Bee Journal Office, 23, Bedford
Street, W.C.2. f.lO

FOR SALE, pure, new Light Cambridgeshire
Honey, finest quality, extracted last week.
May 26; accept £10 for 1 cwt.— SULMAN, Tithe
House, Wilburton, Ely. f.U

EIGHT clean Brood Boxes, £1; 200 Metal Ends,
69.-^HAURIER, Desford, Leicester. f.l2

SWARMS, 20e., on frames, 276., buyer paying
carriage; box 10s. 6d., refunded on return.—
CULLEN, Bull Hill, Great Clacton. f.l3

FOR SALE, 4 cwt. genuine Welsh Honey, all
extracted, quality good, mainly clover, is. 7d.
lb., carriage forward; sample 6d.— JAMES,
Brynafon, Newcastle Emlyn. f.l4

A FEW strong Stocks of guaranteed healthy
Bees, in hives complete, 5 gs. — WIG<JINS,
1, Windermere Road, Wembley. f.43

TWO good lots Hybrid Italians, each 4 frames,
429. each, carriage paid.— AYERS, 7, Chester-
field Grove, Dulwich. f.l6

SWARMS, ITALIAN HYBRIDS.— Several for
Sale. What offers?— Particulars apply SMITH
(Gardener), Hook Farm, Aldingboume, Chichester.

f.l7

TWO W.B.C. Hives, complete, supers with' comb;
five other Hives, several Appliances; cheap. —
HASLER, Upper Downing, Holywell, Flintshire.

f.l8

FOR SALE, several healthy Swarms of Hybrid
Italians in skeps or frames. Can b© inspected
by appointment.— BANKS & ROBINSON, The
Elms, Pertenhall, St. Neots. f.l9

FOB SALE, Hives, Drawn-out Shallow Frames,
Queen Excluders, and Dividers. Would
exchange for swarms.- 17, Beverley Road, Canter-
bury. f.20

EXCHANGE. Swarm, from healthy stock for
W.B.C. Hive in good condition.— Write par-
ticulars, BREWER, Bontddu, Dolgelly. f.21

TWO 10-frame Hives of Bees, Simmins' strain,
5a:s., including hives; also two empty Hives,
£1 each; purchaser to pay carriage.— T. GREEN,
New Dale, Wellington, Salop. f^

FOR SALE, five W.B.C. Hives and several other
standard oatterns, complete, second-ihand, £1
each.— MISS GORDON, Wethersfield Place, near
Braintree, Essex. i^

DUTCH.— Seven Stocks healthy (four nearly
swarming, thr«© weak) to near buyer who can
personally ifetch same, 7s. 6d. a frame.^MATRON,
Crovdon Borough Sanatorium, North Cheam,
Sutton, Surrey. f^

LARGE EXTRACTOR. Strainer and Blower; lot
£2 10s.— GRAHAM, Woodlands. Brookville.
Stoke Ferry. S.O. t?3

June 3, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJBNAL.

215

APIABY FOR SALE— Two etrong Stocks of
Bees, six good Hives, and other Appliances.
Stamp for particulare.— €., Tiio Elms, Leyton Eoad,
Harpenden, Herts. f.26

SWARMS.— A few strong ones for delivery
during June, £2 each..— J. MOORE, Bleasby,
Notts. f.27

A FEW LOTS of good, healthy Bees on from
6 to 8 standard frames, 8s. per frame; travel-
ling box to be returned.- WRIGHT, Waterworks,
Sutton Poyntz, near Weymouth. r.f.28

BEES.— Good Stocks May Swarms in skeps,
hives, extractors, and all appliances to be
cleared at once. Stamp for list. No disease.—
STEEL, West Ashling, Chichester. r.f.29

WANTED, Swarm of Italian Bees at once.—
Write. MRS. SAYERS, 24, Thornhill Road,
Plymouth. f.39

TWO PENNA QUEENS, to be delivered shortly,
10s. 6d. each; overstocked.— BLENKARN, The
Lodge, Burford, Dorking. f.40

FOR SALE, Nucleus Dutch Bees, Italian Queen.
—Box 87, B.B.J, Office, 23. Bedford Street,
W.C.2. f.44

WANTED, a 2-framed Nucleus with Fertile
Queen (Italians).— D. SINCLAIR, Klondyke,
Glenboig, Lanarkshire. f.46

SWARMS, 303. to 40s.; finest quality Sections,
new, 32s. dozen. — NORTH, Cressing, Brain-
tree. Essex. r.e.25

QUANTITY of drawn-out Shallow Frames, excel-
lent condition, li frames with drone comb.
Is. 6d. each; one gross 7-lb. lever-lid Honey Tins,
with liandles. 14s. per dozen_, packed, on rail; one
gross 28-lb. lever-lid Tins, 20s. dozen.— J.
ARNFIELD, Breinton, Hereford, e.l07

ITALIANS.— Choice strain (Penna's extra se-
lected). Spare nuclei, 33s., delivered. In-
quiries stamp.- Box 000, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, W.C.2. e.48

SURPLUS QUEENS.— Dutch and Hybrid Virgins
from County Re-stocking Apiary, 4s. 6d.
each.— ANDREWS, Expert, 78a. Westgate. Peter-
boro'. e.81

FOR SALE, eight hives and strong stocks of
bees, Italian and Carniolan, with young
Queens, separately £8 each hive, lot £60. With
appliances and geared extractor, £10 extra.— Apply
A. J. RAYMENT, 50 Chandos Avenue, Whet-
stone, N.20. e.82

PURE light Cambridge Honey (guaranteed),
281b. tins 42s., carriage paid; sampjle 4d. — J.
YOUNGER, 6, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge, e.56

TTK^R SALE, six frames of healthy honey-fed
X: Bees, never had any disease in apiary, £3 10s.
and 10s. charged on travelling box, from which
carriage of bees is deducted and balance returned
to buyer.- REED, Primrose House. Heacham,
Norfolk. r.€.20

WANTED, from August 22 to iSeptember 4, in
Cornwall or Devon, within 12 miles or so of
sea, Bedroom and Sitting Room, with shed for
motor car; farmhouse preferred. Can any bee-
keeper oblige me?— W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
Old Bedford Road. Luton, Beds.

FOR SALE, two "Rotax Roadlight 267" self-
contained Acetjrlene Motor Headlights, verj
powerful, £6 the pair; one Exhaust Whistle. lOs.;
one Wood-Milne Motor Foot Pump, 408.—
HERROD-HEMPSALL, ea above.

WANTED. Anster Bear Wind Screea for motor
c«r.-HBBBOD-HBMPSALL. m aboT*.

CORRESPONDENCE COURSES in Bee-keeping.
— H. B. NEWTON. Brown Honse. Barton-on-
Sea, Hants. r.d.lS7

BUSINESS ADVERTISSBIEirrS.
l^d. per word.

NUCLEI. 3 frames. Bees and fertile 1920 Queen,
£2 2s.— LARMUTH, Hillside. Monahan
Avenue, Purley. f.9

ITALIAN HYBRIDS.— Four-frame Nuclei, June
delivery, 506.; box 10s., returnable.- ERNEST
GRIFFITHS, Helsby, Cheshire. f.30

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, with Italian or Englisn
Queen, 60s.; returnable box, lOs.; Queens, 10s.
— HOLLINGSWORTH, Heanor. f.31

NUCLEI, 3-frame, £2 10s.; 4-frame, £3 5s.;
Cross "White Star"; box, 5s. extra.— A.
SKINNER, Oaks, Mickleover, Derby. f.32

LAZENBEE " PROLIFIC ITALIAN QUEENS
are selected and tested; fertile, 10s.; virgins,
5s. All available nuclei are sold.— YOUNG, 29,
Central Road, Sudbury, Middlesex. f.33

LAZENBEE " PROLIFIC ITALIAN QUEENS
are selected and tested; fertile, 10s.; virgins,
5s.— YOUNG, One Hundred Elms Apiary, Central
Road, Middlesex. f.34

4-FRAME GOLDEN NUCLEI, £3 3s.; Golden
Queens, 10s. 6d. ; Swarms, £2 2s. (travelling box
10s., returnable).— L. DAVEY, Mawneys, Romford.

f.35

DUTCH CROSS, wonderful workers. Swarms.
£2; 5-frame Nuclei, £2 5s.; 4-frame Nuclei,
£2 10s.; carriage paid; box returnable.— ALBERT
COE, Apiarist, Ridgewell, Halstead, Essex. f.36

FOR SALE, 3-frame Nuclei, Hybrid Italians, 456.
each; boxes 59., returnable; June delivery for
cash with order.— T. EVANS, Lattiford. Wincanton,
Somerset. f.37

NO MORE ORDERS can be accepted for Swarms
until we can catch up with those on hand.
Instead of 4 lbs., our May Swarms this year
average 2§ lbs., and these are being thrown back
in hopes that subsequent issues will be larger.
We still have a few Black and Hybrid Stocks for
prompt shipment.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. f-41

VIRGIN ITALIAN QUEENS. immediaw
delivery, 5s.; Fertile Queens to order, 10s.—
JACK TICKELL, Westbourne Apiary, Chelten-
ham. f-15

PENNA specially picked me a 1919 beauty, now
laying nearly 3,000 eggs daily. Spare Virgins
from this mother 4s. by return, or money back;
fertiles, 8s., in rotation.—" PATRICIA," Grammar
School, Doncaster. f.38

STRICTLY BUSINESS.— Last chance at old
prices. Japanned Sprayers, 5s. 6d., post paid.
Flavine, free samples on request. " Let the Bees
Tell You," six chapters, 29., post paid.— S. H.
SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. f.42

ITALIAN HYBRID BEES (immediate delivery),
disease-resisting strain, 1920 Queens. 4-frame
Nuclei, 509.; travelling box 10s., returnable. Also
a few 10- and 15-frame Stocks at 10s. per frame.
Above can be supplied in good sound Hives
{freehlv painted with three coats white) from £1
upwards.— STARKEY, 55, Stafford Road, Brighton.

e.103

ITALIAN QUEENS DIRECT FROM ITALY.—
E. Penna, Bologna, Italy.— Mr. S. H. Smith,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge, has bought all
the Queens I have still for sale in this year. As
agreed with him, all these queens will be sent by
me direct to customers. We do not hold ourselves
responsible for the queens that are not sent by
us direct to customers.

NUCLEI (good Hybrids), 1920 Queens, 3 frames,
45s.; 4 frames, 52s. 6d.; box charged 76. 6d.,
returnable.— E. G. WALDOCK, Upwey, The
Mount, Guildford. f-45

276

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 3. 1920.

MISSES PALING & PILLANS.— Orders booked
for etrottg three-frame Nuclei with pure
Italian Penna Queens or home-reared Queens from
best selected Italian strains, £3; choice home-bred
Italian Queens, 12s.; Virgins, 66., four for 20s.—
Golden Square, Henfield, Sussex. e.lOl

AfJ 4-PEAME Dutch, Dutch-Italian Nuclei for
^ • the first and second week in June, £3 36.,
carriage paid. I strongljf recommend my Dutcli-
Italian, a fine disease-resisting strain. 50 Nuclei
for July, £2 56. Cash with order.— W. SEALE,
Ashley Cottage, Oatlands Drive, Walton-on-
Thames, Surrey. e.99

1QOA PUEE Fertile Italian- Queens, direct
XU^yJ from the well-known French breeder,
Abbe Warre, 7s. 6d. each.— Orders, for execution
in rotation, to ELLIOTT, Kelvin Koad, Ipswich.

r.e.l04

PUEE Golden and three-band Italian Bees and
Queens; prolific and gentle; the ideal bee for
pleasure and profit.— COOMBEE, 64, Eonald Park
Avenue, WestcUtf, Essex. 6.38

ITALIAN 4-FEAME NUCLEI, Penna, Queen,
covered bees and brood, 65s. ; boxes lOs., return-
able. 1920 Penna imported Queens, lis. each.
Large stock " W.B.C." Hives and Apiary Sup-
plies; bargain.— €. HOG AN, Boxford, Suffolk.

r.e.80

KA— 7 c 3-FEAME Nuclei Italian Hybrids, 1920
U\J to Queens, proved disease-resisting strain
and excellent honey gatherejs. Delivery early
June onwards; orders executed in rotation. Price
456. each, carriage paid; travelling boxes to be
returned.— Further particulars, HOSEGOOD, 26,
Purley Park Eoad, Purley, Surrey. r.e.86

4-FEAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 50s., June delivery; 6-frame Stocks,
70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 90s.; immediate delivery; box
charged 10s., returnable; Italian Fertile Queens,
10s. 6d. All orders in strict rotation Cash with
order.— LEE, "Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess
Hill, Sussex. e.79

TTALIAN COLONIES.— Simmins and Penna
J- strains; 8 frames, £4 16s.; Nuclei, 3 frames,
4Ss. Five per cent, discount to members of
Middlesex Bee-keepers' Association.— BABBAGE,
33, Whitestile Ed., Brentford. r.e.75

FOE SALE, good Nuclei, 1920 Queens, four
frames 62s. 6d., three 45s., two 371s. 6d.; ready
mid-iMay; cases 7s. 6d., returnable; Jotjenal
deposit.— A. H. HAMSHAE, Wonersh, Guildford.

e.41

1Q9n PURE Fertile Italian Golden Queens,
±Zf^\J guaranteed imported direct from Italy;
regular supplies throughout the season from second
week in May; 14s. each; specially selected, 1713. 6d.
— GOODAEE, Italian Queen Specialist, New Cross,
Wednesfield. r.d.ieo

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time Bee
Farmer.— Terms on application to C. B.
BAETLETT, Sandford Mount, Charlbury, Oxon.
^ d.iar

ISLE OP WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;
use the solution that cures; 2s. per bottle.—
E. PEE8SEY, St. Elmo, Couledon. r.d.l49

HAVE YOU EEAD "THE BEE WOELD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— OfBcea : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Ben*on, Oxon.

0EDEE8 booked for 3-fram« Nucl«l, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. List for
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. CEACKNBLL,
Mount Eoad, Thundersley, Essex. r.d.27

BOZZALLA twted Queens ere sold oi ih« pries
'Dsnally charged for untested queens.— Oata-

DUTOH BEES, Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthes), Nuclei, (Jueens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.—Buy direct from Sole Agent, WHTTE, Bee
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire. b.61

BEES FROM HOLLAND

The BEST Dutch Stocks
offered in original skeps by

H. J. VAN LANGEVELD,

Gasthuissiogel 42 Bood, HAARLfM, HOLLAND

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address;

Signor Gaetano Plana,
Castd San Pietro,
near Bologna, Kaly.

Icfpae from
Paisley

H. 6TI0H. Eiccartebar

Avenue,
r.c.ll6

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr, W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied,

PRICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: May, 12/-; Jqne, 11/-;
J uly, August and September, 9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of jdl Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to "B3.J."
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Plana has made arrangements that all communtcatioas,
orders and remitances of the readers of " BJBJ." and
"B.K,R." can be addressed to him, c/o B^ritish Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W,C.2.
Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

SCIENTIFIC QUEEN REARING.

BEST

In the world.

Every

appliance and

Iqstructions.

Send for

KAT-A-LOG

MEADOWS

SYSTON.
Near LEICESTER.

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
G«t a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post frea from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams BuUdings, LONDON, E.C.2.

June 3, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOITRyAU. ni

HIVES AND APPLIANCES.

Immediate dispatch. Quality O.K.

Write for prices.

ANDREWS & CO.

Joinery and Carving Works,
78a, WESTGATE. PETERBOROUGH.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. BEXJtaD-HSUPSAIiJi, 83, Bedford
8tr««t, Strand, XK>ndOB, W.C.2.

IMSURS YOXJR STOCKS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "Yadil" Antiseptic. ^
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON, s

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS. B ^^,^^^_^ ^^^^..^^ ^,^

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

(4 V*^^ A ^^I^^T^ 1^^ ^^\. VT 99 The cure for, and preventive of,

■ ■-■■Mm« •• igjg q( Wight ' Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from staia
_ or unpleasant odour.

FOR BEES MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD..

2/6 per Bottle. Post Free. 39, Farringdon Road, London, E.C 1.

RACTEROI

PREPARE FOR EXTRACTING.

The quickest, cleanest and most efificient on the market is the " BAIRD " EXTRACTOR,
which extracts from BOTH SIDES of the COMB simultaneously.

Particulars from G. S. BAIRD, 1, HURST ROAD, ERITH, KENT.

BEAUTIFUL Scientifically bred on the Cotswold Hills, these queens are hardy

HYBRID

and extremely prolific.
Price, 9/6 each Specially Selected, 10/6. VIRGINS, 5/-.

QUEENS LT. A. H. BOWEN— QUEEN B R E E D E R—C H E LT E N H AM.

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

S. J. BALDWIN.

I beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured

by me, only the No. 2 '* Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17X 14X i2. Sample by post 6d.)

XHE> APIARY. BROMI^OY, KKNX.]

ir

THE BRITISH BEE JOimNAL.

June 3, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

'* Everything for an Apiary/'
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

n .^^^ j>j^tj gj^ Supplies, §

In design, material and workman- Jl(

ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain W

the reputation of being your best and w

safest investment. O

0 a a w

C| Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA- Q

LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the M

most up-to-date hives and appliances J4

for which the House of Lee is famous. Jl(

0 a a yi

fj We regret the necessity of having }l(

" to advise our Customers that owing y^

to the increased cost of production, all w

prices in 1920 price list are subject to ^

10% increase. The increase will not ^

apply to orders received before May 10. TX

•»* Five per cent discount to Members of O
THE APIS CLUB. M

JAMES LEE & SON, §

LTD., p

Uxbridge, Middlesex. m

Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) W

(Telegrams : Graphicly. Uxbridge.

20-Page 1920 ''WHITE STAB" List,

S^d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS. QUEENLAND. HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX.

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

1 very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manufacture of bee-
appliances, and therefore my prices mil be advanced 10% from May lOth. Booka exceptd.

PauiTiD By TBI AviMUB PRisa (L. Upoott Gill A Son, Ltd), 6647. Dbtjky Lini. Londox, W.C. aw

PVBUSHU) VOE TBI pBOrEUTOft (W. HlSBOD- HIUPBALL), 11 SllirKU. MiUEALI« HiMILTOI,

, •_ Kni A Co., lit*., ai A at, PAimottiB Sow. jLO.

i ' -r

BftitrtH fiti lotriiJtAi. *Nb fin-KtttlBA' ADVttifc, Jun^ Id, 192a.

JUL 2 -1920

l^i^iS^

ef* JBcc-Jr^ccpcrs
^dviscrJ

o^V^kly Journal Devoted to
the Interests oj
Bec-Kecpcrs,

No. 1981. Vol. XLVIII

JUNE 10, 1920.

ZPubti$K»d •v*ry rfcMridcy, Prlos 8d.

coNrTEivsrs.

PjlGG

Notice to Advertisers 277

The RovAL Show 277

RovAL Show Fund : 277

A Dorset Yarn 277

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 278

Queens and Tiered Chamber Bee Spaces 280

Notes on Bee-keeping 282

The Honey Cuckoo 282

BRniSH Bee-keepers' Association 283

Dorset Bee-keepers' Association 284

Trade Catalogue Received 284

Correspondence—

Standard Frames ^

Italian-Dutch Bees ^84

Notices to Correspondents 285

Bee Shows to Come 285

QUARTER OF COST.

VEILS

1/10 POST FREE.

We have just taken over from the Government all their surplus unused
VEILS (750) made for protecting the faces of soldiers in Mesopotamia from
Mosquitos and Flies. fhese are perfect as Bee Veils and we are able to
offer them at the above exceedingly small figure. Once^ these are sold it will
not be possible to replace at anything approaching this price. The Veils nt
over any hat and are fitted with one adjustable cane which keeps the veil well

clear of the face.

SOMETHING NEW IN
WAX EXTRACTORS.

"THE WILLIS" 33/-

NO WASTE— NO TROUBLE— NO SMELL.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

u

THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRlSrAL. June 10, 1920.

The Canadian Bee Supply & Honey Co.,

(TORONTO) Limited

Manufacturers of, and Dealers in, Beekeepers'
Supplies, Hives, Bees, Queens, Honey, and Wax.

SOLE AGEN'i FOR EUROPE AND THE COLONIES .—

C. S. J. CRUTCHFIELD,

25, BARTLETT'S BUILDINGS, HOLBORN CIRCUS,

LONDON, E.C.4. (Telephone Holborn 824).

DON'T KEEP BEES!

Let the Bees Keep you !
WELL TELL YOU HOW!

You are cordi-
ally invited to
pay a visit to
the

CANADIAN
INDUSTRIES
EXHIBITION,

Agricultural

Hall, Islington,

London,

June 3rd to

17th, 1920,

and to inspect

our exhibit of

Hives and Ap-

pliances on

Stand 45 ,

Row D.

Keep Bees to
make Honey.
Produce Honey
and make
Money. If you
merely wish to
" Keep Bees "
any old Hive
will do. But
if you want to
produce Honey
in- bulk, try
"Canada's
way." With
Sugar at 1/3 per
lb. HONEY
FOR NOTH-
ING is worth
while.

The "BUCKEYE" Double-walled Hive.

Makers of the celebrated Canadian " STANDARD " Single-walled Hive and
" BUCKEYE " Double-walled Hive, upon which models a tremendous Honey
producing industry has been buiit up in Canada and the States.
Thoroughness has characterised the methods employed by Apiarists in the above-
named Countries, and everything in the form of useless ornamentation has been
rigorously cut out. "UTILITY" is their kejoiote.

Good, stout, well-seasoned wood, and practical utility appliances, which will assist
the Bees to make and man to take, with the least possible amount of effort, the
greatest possible quantity of Honey, go to the making of these splendid Hives.
Nothing is done in CanadSi to hamper, but everything IS done to encourage, the
Bees to do their best ; AND THEY DO IT I ' •►

As much as 300 lbs. of Honey has been taken in one season from one "BUCKEYE"
Double-walled Hive, and still sufficient has been left in for Winter feeding.

June 10, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJBNAIi.

277

Notice to Advertisers.

Owing to the gretttly advanced price of
printing paper, and the increase of wages
in the printing trade, we shall be obliged
to raise the price for our " displayed " ad-
vertisements at the end of this month.
We are sorry to have to do this, but if we
are to carry on it is inevitable. We can
only hope this will bs the last increase
we shall have to make, but this is by no
means certain. The revised rates as given
will come into force with the issiie of the
British Bee Jouknal for July 1 and the
July Becokd.

Displayed Advertisement Bates.

British Bee Journal or Bee-keepers'
Becord.

Full page
Half page
One-third page
Quarter page
I5 in. across page
1 in. across page
4 in. across page
I5 in. single column
1 in. single column
^ in. single column

Discount for a series of consecutive dis-
played advertisements : — Six insertions
2f per cent. ; Twelve insertions 5 per
cent. ; Twenty-six 15 per cent. ; Fifty-two
30 per cent.

£ s. d

...4 0 0

... 2 10 0

... 1 16 0

... 1 12 0

...170

... 0 18 0

... 0 10 0

... 0 15 0

... 0 10 0

- ...060

The Royal Show.

Up to the nresent entries for the Boyal
Show at Darlington are very few ; it has
therefore been decided to extend thie
clo.sing date, to Wed. June 16th. It is
desirable in the interests of bee-keepers
that the honey exhibits at the premier
show in the country should be worthy of
the craft, and we trust that the bee-
keepers of the country will, rise to the
occasion and send as many entries and
exhibits as possible.

It is well known that many people do
not know the difference between British
and foreign honey, and honey shows are
always an excellent opportunity for
educating the general public, and showing
how much better our home produced honey
is than the bulk of that from abroad. A
good display of the finest products of our
apiaries at all shows big and little, will do
much to foster the taste, and increase the
market for British honey.

Royal Show2Fund.

The Council of Britiah Bee-keepers'
Association are anxious to take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show may not be spoilt. In order to
defray the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that a.11 bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which sh.ould be sent as early as possible
to the Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

Subscriptions for this fund are coming
in very slowly, and we would urge aU
those who can possibly do so to send a
donation, hjowevetr smajl. The sum
needed is not, comparatively, large and if
every one does a little should be easily
forthcoming. " The Royal " is the show
of the year, when the value of bee-
keeping, and of the use of honey, to the
community is brought to the notice of
hundreds of people, and should the
Bee and Honey Department have to be
dropped for lack of funds, the loss to
bee-keeping will be out of all proportion
to the amount needed to carry on. May
we also urge all those who can do so to
make an entry, and exhibit at the
Darlington show. A good display will
help both the show and the craft. We
are sure our bee-keeping friends in the
North are looking forward to a good
display of honey, etc., at this year's
Royal Show.

£ s. d.

Amount Received 8 13 0

The Apis Club 110

Major F. Sitwell 10 0

W. J. Goodrich 2 6

10 6 6

A Dorset Yarn.

Peas and beans do not entice the bees
on the farm; a very small proportion of
them stay on these floriferous legumes.
They are away on my neighbour's fields
of charlock in the com. In one field last
week there were fifteen men pulling up
the plants of this pernicious crucifer, bees
all in front of them as they cleared off
the flowers. The crimson clover still has
a tremendous lot of them. I am leaving
mine as long as possible for the bees to
get all they can from it; other fields
quite close are cut; but there is no ques-
tion about the nectar that is being got in
large quantities from somewhere just now,
standard bars being filled in a very short
time.

The amount of water taken up by the
bees has materially lessened this week ;
beinc: dry, one would have thought they
would have used more, but the combs are

2n

THE BRITISH BEE JO0ENAL. Jua^ 10, 1920.

full of sealed brood. There is not so
much feeding of young larvse ; very little
pollen is being taken in. At some stocks
there are always drones that have been
torn from their cradles on the alighting
board, perfect in shape, but not left long
enough to get colour ; it seems that bees
are never still, as this is done in the
night they are outside in the morning, to
be cleared away when the sun is up. One
lot has a double brood chamber with two
section racks, yet a lot of them have
hung outside each night for m.ore than a
week. There cannot be room inside for
them all; if it was for swarming they
would have stayed about in the day, but
all seem to go about their collecting duties.
Then it could not be for pleasure that
they hung in bunches outside, as the
mights have been very cold, Saturday
morning 3 degrees of frost, and this morn-
ing (Sunday) it is very cold. We have
to be about at daybreak, or the rooks
would soon clear off all our early peas ;
one can hear them coming as they seem
to be telling each other of new peas, and
even new potatoes. Why big estates can
tolerate these predacious birds is beyond
me. They eat a lot of grubs that are
prejudicial to the farmer, but they eat a
lot of the beetles that are beneficial as
well, and peas and beans in late May
and early June they will soon clear off.

We keep them off our fields, but they
punish the allotments where the fields are
large; they do not care to get into small
enclosures, and it is only a few dead ones
hung up that will frighten them away.

It is in early morning that the
coldest hour is felt; these bees must feel
the cold at night, and the stock must be
very crowded for them to stay outside.

Up to the first Sunday in June not one
of the stocks that have had an extra brood
chamber (above or below) have swarmed.
This seems to be a gain in the right direc-
tion, for the larger the colonies the more
honey can be harvested in early summer,
which is always when the best prices can
be got. One lot, the queen of which went
up into the extra brood chamber, has
already a second rack of sections ; this was
left in the same place, and the lower one
that had stood the winter moved to
another position. These are Italians.
Another lot that had nine new bars with
three drawn-out combs placed beneath the
old brood chamber ; when the queen went
down into the new one, the old was moved
to another stand. These are blacks, but
having to draw out nine new bars of full
sheets of foundation, they have not yet
stored surplus ; but where they are work-
ing the two brood chambers, the bees are
8o crowded, even in the daytime, it is as
if there waa not space for them to move

even, though the outer case is lifted at
bottom, which gives them the whole front
to come in and out. In one of them the
upper did not quite fit the lower brood
chamber; it was a bar smaller than the
old one, a strip was placed on the part not
covered by the upper brood chamber. This
did not quite cover the bar, and it was
fastened down by some old drone comb
(which left in the sun is warm and plastic),
but the bees have eaten away parts of it,"
and now they have an entrance into the
upper brood chamber without going
through the lower.

Almost all of these hives have a free
way round the brood chamber; they climb
up the lower to the upper, and these are
the largest stocks we have ever had at the
Violet Farm. I think this is from
Simmins' book. I have had so many sent
me, lent me, and given me, that I cannot
be quite sure unless I look again, and time
is short, even though it is Sunday morn-
ing. When strawberries are ripe, birds
have to be kept away. In between writ-
ing this yarn, frequent journeys up to the
strawberry quarters have been taken, I
have not had time to open last week's
Journal yet — not even to see if they have
had space for the yarn— so what i read
in books, I try the methods advocated as
a prevention of swarming, and when we
find it adds to the surplus for sale in early
summer, we feel that what others have
done, others can do if they read the same
things and try them as I have done. —
J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

The delightful rains have put the bees
in a good humour, and all is going very
merrily in the hives. Pabulum abounds
—everywhere one looks one sees flowers
of all descriptions, many simply asking
to be relieved of their nectar. Alas I
however, the Italians are deaf, or blind,
to all the beauties save the bean fields,
and, tell it not in Gath, publish it not in
the streets of Askelon, the bean flowers
are not the greater attraction, but the
charlock which is flowering apace among
the beans; consequently, our first honey
is half candied. The borage is opening
fast, and borage and charlock honey
mixed is, as the Yanks would say,
" some sweet." My eyes sparkled the
other day when I chanced on a field of
sainfoin, young, healthy looking plants
that will soon be flowering, and these —
clover, borage, charlock, orchids, dande-
lions, roses — may be bursting with
nectar, yet all will be forsaken ; sainfoin
will hold the day. My Dutch bees are
working as only the Dutch ladies can,
and yet no swarm. Crowded to siiffoca"

June 10, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

279

tion, they are sticking tight. Maybe they
know I am sending the first Dutch swarm
away, and want to outwit me. Someone
described Dutch bees to me last year as
" divils for swarming." I'm inclined to
agree up to a point. In a properly-made
W.B.C. hive — I purposely say "properly-
made," as a number of hives are placed
on the market as " W.B.C." without the
ventilating shutter beneath the floor
board — if the sliutter is kept open when-
ever the shade temperature rises above 60
I don't think one need f^ar swarming
fever. Moreover, just as broodiness can
be bred out of fowls, proclivities for
swarming can be bred out of bees.

The lack of bright sunshine in April
was, I fear, disastrous for the apple
blossom ; not only was it improperly de-
veloped, but was little fertilised. Those
who live in more northern situations,
where apples blossom later than in this
forward region, will have the pull of us.
We do not begrudge them having more
than their share of the fruit of the gods
— we can score in other ways.

Truly, this has, so far, been a remark-
able year for the bees. Never have I seen
such lovely drones as can be seen in any
hive to-day, and workers more than
usually developed ; so much so that some
appear to be miniature aueens. I am
thankful that so far no fertile workers
have appeared in my hives, and it's some-
thing to be spared this pest.

Is "there profiteering among the hive
makers? I hope not, yet I " ha' ma
doots." The prices of wood, nails and
labour, one knows, have all advanced, but,
allowing for all that, ought quite ordinary
hives — i.e., legs, brood box, two lifts, and
two empty racks, with, of course, roof
and alighting board — to cost between
three and four pounds? That is the price
a neighbour of mine has paid for a hive.
In looking through one or two catalogues
I see the 1920 price for a W.B.C. hive,
with all frames and rack of sections fitted
with full sheets of foundation and wired,
is only 67s. 6d. The moral would appear
to be — get your hives from bee appliance
makers with a reputation to maintain,
and not from amateur hive makers, who
are undoubtedly out literally to make.

The two nuclei which I wintered out of
doors have established themselves well.
Had the winter been cold and wet
there might have been another tale to
tell. Wintering nuclei has advantages,
as Mr. Bryden has forcibly told us. I
supered mine last week, and they are
already storing. If I had united them to
another stock last autumn with the hope
of an early swarm I should have been at
a loss. For no swarm of this year's
taking could be expected to commence
super storing before the end of May,

The eternal question of tanging keeps
cropping up in this JournaI/. Whatever
its origin, tanging bees does have an
efi^ect, and one has only to try it to be
convinced.

Judging by the number of queen wasps
about, there will be a plague of wasps
this year, and bee-keepers will do
well to be prepared well ahead. Get
ready your shield fronts to place before
your hive entrances, and as soon as con-
venient purchase cyanide of potassium,
which will finish a nett of wasps quicker
than anything else. Paraffin and straw
will do, but it takes more time and is
a little more trouble.

Somewhere between here and York
lives an old man who has kept bees in
skeps for fifty years, and has never seen,
and, until the other day, had never heard
of driving bees. Nor had he heard of an
extractor. I was reminded of an old
fellow who, when I was staying in North
Yorkshire some five years ago, said, in
response to the question which I shouted
in his ear as to what he thought of the
war. " I don't think much about it, but
I've heard there be one on." Perhaps
my old friend, when the next person men-
tions an extractor, will say, " I don't
know much of such things, but Tve heard
there be one about." What a lot they
miss, and what a lot they gain. — E, F.
Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

June 5, 1920. — The Editor writes me to
say my last week's Jottings went astray,
and have only just turned up, so they
must perforce appear one week late. It
will not be fair to take up much addi-
tional space, so I will confine my remarks
to a few words.

The brambles are flowering — all too
early, of course, but take heed and super
liberally, for as things are moving the
honev iflow will end much earlier than
usual. At the present time there is
nectar everywhere. In one of my hives
this last week I noticed some 30 lbs. of
honey stored, and mostly capped, and
others are following close in their anxiety
to store. Some of this will have to be
ofiven b^ck to them before autumn is
here.— E. F, H,

[Be Rev, Hemmings' remark as to
charlock honey granulating, we draw our
readers' atten+ion to this quality of char-
lock honey. We have known it to f?:ranu-
latp in the combs beforp it wan sealed over,
and have spph sections filled with it
granulated solid in less than a '"ouple of
weeks after taken off the hive. The moral
is not to use sections where the fields are
golden with this weod, and to extmct
shallow combs as soon as sealed. The
capping of charlock honey is a very light
lemon co]our, — Eps.]

280

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 10, 1920.

Q

ueens and Tiered Chamber
Bee Spaces.

I have many shallow supers of worker
comb, not for a honey harvest, hut for
the " bee harvest," which comes before
any and every honey harvest. These
combs, not of worker cells for nothing,
are a provision by which I can get in-
creased breeding at a period when a
queen's laying would not spread laterally
over the frames of a large brood chamber.
But queens are ready and anxious to go
up, if only there is something to go to.
Why? Because the central part of any
large brood chamber in spring has a far
greater attraction for bees and queens
than the sides.

The cluster will extend vertically more
cheerfully than laterally, and I would
suggest that beemen dismiss from their
minds any idea, where it exists, that it
is the queen which leads the way through
tiered chamber spaces. The initiative
throughout is with the bees, and as soon'
as they decide to extend the brood area
upwards they will prepare the central
comb area overheard, and, when ready,
the tiered chamber space intervening is
no detriment to any good queen going
up, and at a time when the barn-like
chill of all outer combs in a lar^e chamber
is truly a detriment of a decided char-
acter to both queen and bees.

The tiering bee-keeper will get more
brood by giving his queens this chamber
space to pass and use than by omitting it,
and at a period when bees have treble
value individually to a colony's develop-
ment, compared to brood not brought on
until they are able to extend the brood
area laterally.

It should not be overlooked that lateral
expansion means heat dissipation. The
slice of space and material in only a
single comb area laterally adds nothing
appreciably for a good while to the
cluster area heat, but must dissipate a
lot for a good while also, i.e., whatever
Sirdditirtnal area is warmed by the lateral
expansion of the cluster is at the expense
of a great deal of warmth lost by elon-
gated radiation into cold, unoccupied and
partially occupied space.

Small wonder, then, that queens cross
the overhead space and lay in an upper
chamber. And that they do so, and pre-
fer to do it rather than go to the next
frame, I know, \»ecause my queens tell
me 30 every spring. Any visitor here in
winter can see shallow supers on top of
dozens of the regular brood chambers.

But the bees' and queens' choice is for
a six-frame half -super to be overhead,
because it is more compact and heat-pre-
serving than the full size ten-frame of
the regular super. Also visitors in spring

can be shown brood in shallow upper
chambers, when every freedom is still
available for good, strong colonies to ex-
tend laterally in their deep standard
frames, yet these deep outer frames are
deserted, and bees and queens prefer to
go up, and do so ; and the intervening
space is no detriment, I repeat.

It appears to me as common "horse
sense " on a bee-keeper's part to adopt
this obvious arrangement, if he will but
study the all-important matter of cluster
heat preservation. That the bees prefer
the deep formation at all times when heat
preservation is vital is an assurance I
feel justified in recording, because I know
from experience. And the higher from
entrance draught the deep formation can
be formed the better. The bees are inde-
pendent of all entrance draught at the
expansion areas of vertical brood exten-
sion upwards in a six-frame super, com-
pared with being at the mercy of all such
draught at any stage of lateral expansion
in the big chamber.

However, tiered chamber spaces are
also a detriment to queens passing, but
in another respect altogether. It is only
when they must go down to a cold area
in spring, and that will deter any queen,
good or bad. That is the only circum-
stance which makes these spaces detri-
mental to a queen for any serious pur-
pose. Make a note of it.

There is no half-heartedness about the
use of the space to an upper chamber by
the bees and queen. It will be found
that brood is solidly ensconced to the wood
at these spaces ; brood to top bars abso-
lutely in the lower deep frames, and to
the bottom bars in the upper shallow
frames. The sight of that alone is quite
enough to convince any bee-keeper of
what the space means to a colony in
spring. Who would ask for further
evidence?

A note on the half-super (six frames,
narrow ends). Such a super, without ex-
cluder, should be left on every colony of
bees, black or yellow, with shallow frames
full of well-sealed stores as a winter
" cap." So arranged, any colony is in
far better wintering trim than all and
every other arrangement possible. No
deep brood frames, 14 by 8^, 14 by 12,
16 by 10, or any other dimensioned frame
you can think of for wintering purposes,
used alone, can ever equal it. Let in
some "horse sense" again, and remem-
ber the greater size your brood frames
the greater detriment arises to lateral ex-
pansion in spring, and consequently the
greater the need of the six-frame " cap "
can be understood. It will be found when
upward vertical expansion occurs the
tiered chamber space becomes an integral

June 10, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOtTRNAL.

281

part of the cluster's heart, aflFording the
freest passage way and interchange point
to and from every part of the cluster and
its brood rearing work. Make no mis-
take of that. It leads to a very hand-
some addition of brood and new bees,
presently filling the " cap " chamber,
and the sure overflow of that chamber is
the only right way to expand the colony
laterally over the big unoccupied and
chiefly outer combs of the deep lower
chamber.

Acceptance of the winter " cap " pro-
position involves the condemnation of the
14 by 12 in. frame, because it is too deep,
Unbroken by any passage way or uni-
versal interchange point from top to
bottom. I would suggest those experi-
menting with 14 by 12 combs " cap "
their colonies this coming winter with a
six-frame shallow super of stored worker
comb, and no excluder, and note if the
bottom half of the deep combs is not en-
tirely deserted, and the cluster and brood
nest arranged in the upper half and the
" cap " equally, the interchange space
the heart of all there is until warm outer
conditions prevail. I am not in agree-
ment with the idea that for the queen to
pass from comb to comb by the end bar
space is congenial or attractive to her,
ilor are the Editors, nor that it, or the
space created by wintering strips on top
bars, is anywhere equal to the traffic
centre of the tiered chamber space created
by a " cap," as a means to aid a colony
in getting into its stride in late winter
and spring, as it will do, if given the
chance.

Again, very deep combs must always
become seriously mouldy, a great part of
which will be torn away by the bees later
on as worthless worker comb, and be re-
built with drone cells, quite spoiling them
as good breeding combs for the real work
of the colony. There is quite enough of
that in • the present British standard
frame, and the deeper we would go the
worse will be the disadvantage and the
damage.

Then again referring to the six-frame
super, some will say, " Now that intro-
duces another contraption to worry the
bee-keeper." Well, what of it; and is
it really a worry in fact? Is it not rather
an application of the skep's dome top to
the bar frame hive, whose whole value
every bee-keeper can estimate accurately?
Think again. When the cap is going
well you can spread brood in it until it-
is packed tight with it, and lose no heat
at all, neither from the cap area nor from
the central cluster area underneath it in
the large chamber ; and as a mobile ap-
pliance it has greater utility than the
skep's dome, because any part of the
large chamber can be " capped " as suc-

ceeding circumstances may warrant. The
" cap " super is indeed a valuable
appliance.

Not only is a six-frame shallow super
in use here, but also there are nearly as
many six-frame standard deep chambers
in use as of 10-frame size. And for what
purpose.!^ For none other than that
" horse sense " demands the abolition of
the ten- or twelve-frame brood chamber
as a decent winter and spring home for
bees. That with two six-frame chambers
tiered, any good colony of bees is far
better circumstanced to conserve cluster
warmth from the very moment brood
rearing commences in mid-winter, right
along until increasing forces and outer
conditions put it within their power to
occupy a large brood chamber without
detriment to their continued and un-
broken progress. And on top of the two
six-frame chambers is placed the "cap "
of six full shallows, adding the chamber
bee space which the queen will traverse
immediately the bees decide on upward
expansion.

Here, you will see, I give my queens
tiuo spaces between three chambers. The
top space she will cross, and be glad of it;
the bottom one she will not go near ; and
I don't blame her. It's a detriment as
long as ever she finds it more congenial
elsewhere. But, in effect, it gives the
colony that central formation they them-
selves arrange, when housed in a ten-
frame barn, only it is deeper by the
depth of a 9 in. standard brood chamber
of six-frame size, and so no cluster
warmth is dissipated into cold side frames
and spaces as in a large brood chamber,
the colony's heat being contained and
secured to them at the critical period bv
the upper six-frame deep chamber and
its six-frame "cap" of shallows. Ver-
tical expansion upwards the colony
initiates and can take care of ; vertical
expansion downwards to the lower six-
frame brood chamber I take care of, and
begin before the colony would, but with
due regard to several circumstances and
conditions, which a breeding bee-keeper
can easily understand and any intelligent
bee-keeper quickly learn.

What I most of all desire to show is
that this matter of " detrimental " space
between chambers is a fallacy, and a
great deal of confused and also irrelevant
argument is being put forward which can
easily be refuted by simple^ trial on the
lines I have given, and which I practice
mvself. and which also confirms the
Editor's remarks on similar tests for the
purpose.

It is important that all hee-keepers
should get as thorough a grasp ol breed-
ing problems as possible. So'ney produc-
tion depends on it as on nothing else.

282

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 10, 1920.

To be merely acquainted with bee
manuals is not enough. More or less
ideal as they may be as guides, very
necessary, too, to limit one's outlook and
knowledge to a guide book is to remain
in the A. B.C. class for all time. The bees
left that class a long time ago. — M.
ATKINSON, Fakenham.

Notes on Bee Keeping.

Now that the swarming season is upon
us, among bee-keepers of the old school
there is bound to be the old style of
beating a tom-tom on pans, pots, frying
pans and kettles etc., which in my opinion
has no effect whatever on the bees ; it is
but a little amusement to the beater. An
explanation once given to me by an old
timer, re tanging, was that queens had
a peculiar kind of hum, and whatever
direction she chose to take, the workers
would certainly follow, allured on by this
hum, and eventually were lost to the bee-
keeper should she decamp. By this beat-
ing process, he contended that the queen's
call was drowned by the noise, the result
a discord in her ranks, causing the bees
to settle in a compact mass while she got
them in order again, and of course at this
stage they were captured. I suppose the
old bee-keeper attached great importance
to tanging his bees when swarming, as
i,t brought them to a sudden stop ! It
sounds something akin to the Irishman's
remarks when he fell down the coal-pit.
The old man's bees, like Paddy if he
hadn't been brought to a sudden stop at
the bottom, would be going yet.

We are living in a day when the vast
majority of bee-keepers have passed beyond
this kind of superstitious belief, thanks
to our advanced apiarists and the movable
comb hive. It is a well-known fact that
long before the bees swarm scouts are
sent out examining the neighbourhood
Avith a view to finding a suitable home for
founding another colony, and should they
find one, when swarming, the-^ are bound
to leave for their new destination, in
spite of all efforts to resist them. I have
noticed these scouts looking out a home
underneath the eaves of the house when
swarming is in preparation, especially
when the queen begins to pipe. We read
and hear a lot how to prevent our bees
from swat-ming ; I have yet to learn of a
reliable remedy re swarm prevention.
Swarming is the bees' natural mode of
procedure for the reproduction of
colonies, and once the bees intend to swarm
it is difficult to prevent, although we may
give thfim plenty of room in advance of
their requirements, such as extending the
hive above and beneath the brood-cham-
ber. Some of our local Dutch bees

swarmed before they had filled the hive,
when only on eight frames. When once
the bees^ have got the swarming fever, it
is difficult to tackle, especially after
they • are supered up. It is a
tedious 30b to be always lifting heavy
supers of honey about and cutting
out queen cells. I usually allow the bees
to swarm, and return the swarm to the
parent hive in the evening. The spare
queens I generally find killed off and thrown
outside next morning when I return to the
hive. Directly a swarm is put in a hive,
that is if we desire to extend our colonies,
it should always be fed for a few days
till all the foundation is drawn out. An
early May swarm will give a good account
of itself iSf fed. Feeding is of great impor-
tance. Keep the feeder continually re-
plenished until all foundation is drawn
out, and when these are finished feeding
can then be stopped — if the honey flow
is on — and the supers put on. If there is
little honey coming in, or the bees are
confined to the h"ve through inclement
weather, keep feeding slowly — that is,
allow about two holes of the feeder to be
uncovered. Sometimes when placing a
swarm in a new home, they will issue
again ; the reason of these movements is
often a mystery. If we have other stocks
at hand, a good plan is to place a frame
of uncapped brood in the centre of the
frames. Thisi offers a good) inducement
for them to stay, "as they have a consider-
able amount of affection for the nurselings
of the hive. — P. Lythgob, Padgate, War-
rington, Lanes.

The Honey Cuckoo.

I see in your issue for the week
ending April 1 you publish an inte-
resting article about the honey bird of
Africa. May I supplement the writer's
remarks by giving a description of this
very remarkable bird, which attracts men
to the haunts of bees in order that it may
appease its craving for honey and eggs,
of both of which it is extremely fond, as
instinct tells it that the men, in robbing
the hive, are certain to break the combs
in so doing, and upon this residuum -t
feeds, being quite content to let the
larger portion of honey go to the person
whom it directed to the hive. But people
know its ways and generously apportion
part of the honeycomb for ithe bird to
feast upon.

Now to give a description of the bird.
It belongs to the class of birds known as
the pie kind — a class which seems to con-
tribute least to man; in fact, with the
exception of the pigeon, they serve rather
tc tease than to amuse or assist him. It
is called the honey-guide cuckoo, and is

June 10, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

283

an inhabitant of the interior of Africa.
In length it measures about six or seven
inches, and its colour is a rusty grey, and
white beneath. The eyelids are naked
and blackj a yellow patch is seen on the
shoulders, while the tail is wedge-
shaped and also rusty. Its bill, sur-
rounded with bristles, is brown and yellow
in colour. The feathers of the thighs are
white, with a black streak running longi-
tudinally. The quill feathers are brown
above; beneath they are of a. greyish hue,
and the first tail feathers very narrow
and rusty. Those following are black,
and the rest brown at the tip on the
inner web

Professor Sparmann gives the follow-
ing account of the honey cuckoo, which
he first saw at the Cape of Good Hope : —

" This bird has nothing striking either
in his size or colour. On a superficial
view he appears very like the common
sparrow, though he is somewhat larger
and has a more yellow tinge; he has a
yellow spot on each shoulder and the
feathers of his tail are streaked with
white. Properly speaking, it is merely
self-interest that induces him to solicit
the aid of men to find and rob bee-nests
for him.

" Honey and bees' eggs are his favourit*^
food, and he knows that in plundering
bees' nests a part is always lost which
will then fall to his share, or that a
portion will be expressly allotted him as
a reward for his services. Nevertheless,
the manner in which this bird executes
his design is extremely remarkable.

" The morning and evening seem to be
his principal meal times; at least, it is
then that he chiefly endeavours to attract
the attention of men with his shrill voice.
They then approach the bird, who, con-
tinuing his cry, flies on towards the pla^^p
where the swarm of bees is to be found.
Ihey follow him, taking care not to make
him too shy either by much noise cr f>
too numerous assemblage, but answer
from time to time with a low whistle to
give him to understand that they are
following him.

" I have observed," ways Mr. Spar-
mann, " that when the bees' nests were
stili at a distance the bird never halted
till after a long flight, and then stopped
only in order to let the bee-hunters come
up with him. As he came nearer the
nest he flew shorter distances at a time,
and repeated his cry with ereater ear-
nestness and frequency. "When arrived
at last at the nest, whether it be situated
in the cleft of a rock, or in a hollow tree,
or underground, he hovers for some mo-
ments over it and then takes his station
in a neighbouring tree or bush out of
sight of the men.

" They are always sure they are near
the bees' nest when the bird is silent.

When they have discovered the nest and
taken the honey therefrom, under the
direction of the bird, they generally
reward it for its services by leaving a
considerable part of the bad combs which
contain the eggs and grubs, and of which.
it is particularly fond."

The above quotation is taken from the
pages of " The History of the Earth and
Ar imatJd Nature "

I thought of sending this before, but
I delayed doing so; but, in the hope that
this description of the bird may interest
your readers, I forward it for your con-
sideration and to use as you may desire. —
John Bouch.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The monthly meeting of the Council was
held at 23, Bedford Street, Strand, Lon-
don, W.C.2, on Thursday, May 20.
Mr. W. F. Reid presided, and there were
also present: — Miss M. D. Sillar, Messrs.
G. R. Alder, T. Bevan, W. E. Moss, G. S.
Faunch, J. Herrod-Hempsall, F. W.
Watts. Association representatives :

Messrs. R. R. Babbage (Mfddlesex), and
H. Stroud (Essex), In the absence of the
Secretary, who was abroad, his duties were
undertaken by Mr. J. Herrod-Hempsall.

The minutes of the previous meeting
v.ere read and confirmed.

Letters of regret at inability to attend
were read from Messrs. T. W. Gowan, W.
H. Sims, Major Sitwell, J. N. Kidd, and
C. L. M. Eales. The following new mem-
bers were elected: — Mr. I. Scott Dier,
M.B.E., B.Sc, A. I.e., life member;
Mesdames I. M. Thoyts, C. B. Crawshaw,
F. (Trahani, Rev. C. "Pepys, Messrs. H. S.
Stevens. W. F. Longley, J. B. Gainer,
W. E. Hamlin, A. T. Stephenson, E. A.
Hayes, W. Hamilton, F. Hobbs, R. S.
Wicks, and W. R. Lilly.

The Suffolk B.K.A. applied for affilia-
tion, and were accepted.

The following Association delegates, as
nominated, were accepted: — Surrey, Mr.
E. G. AValdock; Twickenham and Thames
Valley, Mr. C. D. Burnet; Sussex, Miss
M. r>. Sillar; Hants, and Isle of Wight,
Mr. A. F. Hardy; Notts, Mr. G. Hayes.
The report of the Finance Committee was
presented by Mr. G. S. Faunch, who
stated that payments into the bank for
April were £35 2s. 7d. Payments during
April were £71 14s. 9d. The balance at
the bank on May 1 was £127 16s. 4d. Pay-
ments amounting to £10 were recom-
mended. It was agreed that Dr. Lord
should be awarded the honours' certificate
for lecturing.

The Somerset B.K.A. applied for pre-

2S4:

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 10, 1920.

Mminary examination. This was agreed to.

Tli6 Secretary of tlie Somerset B.K.A.,
Mr. L. Bigg-Wither, wrote that the Minis-
try of Agriculture had informed him that
it is unlikely that sugar will be available
for private bee-keepers this summer, and
asking the B.B.K.A. to put before the
Ministry the unfortunate position in which
those who were rearing nuclei would be
placed if the weather was unfavourable.
Mr. Flashman said lie understood that
there would be no grant of sugar after
May 31, but that bee-keepers would prob-
ably be able to get " free " sugar, but the
price would be about Is. 7d. per lb. It
was felt that the Council could do no more
than they had already done, as the supply
depended on the Sugar Commission and
amount of sugar avilable for the country,
and it was agreed that the Secretary deal
with the letter on these lines.

At this stage, Mr. Reid was obliged to
leave, and Mr. T. Bevan was elected to
the chair.

The Essex B.K.A. applied for the silver
and bronze medals for their show at Col-
chester on June 9. These were granted,
subject to the usual condition.

Next meeting of the Council June 17, at
23, Bedford Street, W.C.2.

Dorset Bee-Keepers' Association.

EAST DORSET BEANCH.

A most encouraging gathering took place
in the Council Chamber at Wimbome,
when the East Dorset branch was estab-
lished. Bee-keepers came from • all ' parts
of the constituency. Mr. George Hab-
-good, C.C., presided, and stated that this
* was a move for producing more food in
the country, the more we produced the less
we had to have from a foreign country,
so the richer our own country was, as the
money would be kept here for still further
prosperity. Representatives from the dif-
ferent villages and towns were elected en
the committee. Two guineas was voted
for the Wimborne Show in August for
prizes to members of the Association, also
a prize to the Handley Village Show at
the end of July. The fees are 5s. a mem-
ber. Meetings will be held fortnightly
through the summer, at difiFerent apiaries.
The next one at Squire Tomlinson's, in
AVimborne. — J. J. K.

Trade Catalogue Received.

Mr. J. E. Pinder. Market Place,
Salisbury. This catalogue, though small
compared with others, contains a list and
illustrations of all essential appliances.
Mr. Finder's speciality is the J. P.
"W.B.C." hive, it is very strongly made
teith the roof of a durable water-
proof material which does not need paint-
ing, and is impervious also to heat or cold.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Standard Frames.

[10194] Regarding larger frames, we
have heard much. A photograph in the
early Spring of a 16 by 10 frame filled
top to bottom with capped brood would
be interesting.

Those who still like the standard, which
is so handy and gives half the exposure.
By giving a queen 12 frames it comes
almost to the same thing, and they are
filled quicker to the brim.

The mistake was 10 frames in narrow
hives, with no proper room and air. Also,
these combs being at right angles to the
entrance, which causes draught, bees in
a mild winter cluster on many combs to
get out of the cold, and wander about
looking for food.

By experiment combs parallel to the
entrance give better all round tempera-
ture in winter, providing a winter dummy
is placed front and back, making the hive
an even thickness all four sides.

Those who can afford it ought to feed
on honey in the autumn, not rob the
brood-nest of honey and give sugar to take
its place; and the difference will be seen
in the spring — nice, dry combs, healthy
bees, and an excellent thing to st?\rt breed-
ing on by uncapping the honey not
touched.

I have two wide airy hives, one I keep
for feeding by shallow frame, the other
tiered with sections for which I get a
ready market. That pays me back. I
find people prefer sections to bottled
honey, as there is such a quantity on the
market they get tired of it before Christ-
mas. Let your bees be your first little
customers, it will pay you tenfold. — C.
Tredcroft.

Italian-Dutch Bees.

[10195] After reading the letter in
Farm Life to Mr. J. W. Gillespy, as re-
ported in the Bee Journal by " Giles,"
I cannot refrain from giving my experi-
ence of the Italian-Dutch cross. I
thorotughly endorse what Mr. GiUespy
says : the crossing of Italian and Dutch
bees would, and does (my addition), " pro-
duce the most vicious and useless stocks
possible." I write in the interest of bee-

June 10, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUENAL.

285

keepers, and I say, Don't keep Dutcli bees
or Italian-Dutcli.

I have been a bee-keeper for 30 years,
with the exception of one year when my
stocks, upwards of 30, went under through
* ' Isle of Wight ' ' disease. I started
again with a swarm of Dutch bees which
I had given me. I got little or no honey
that year, but was able to increase my
stocks. The following year I requeened
one stock with an Italian queen, and last
year I had four stocks of Italian-Dutch
bees. I gave two of these stocks an extra
brood chamber to prevent swarming, but
for all the good it did I might have saved
myself the trouble. Both stocks swarmed,
and one of them before the foundation in
the lower brood chamber was fully drawn
out. I defy anyone to control the swarming
propensities of Dutch bees, and Italian-
Dutch seem equally bad in this respect.
There is no doubt about it that they are
exceedingly vicious. Pure Dutch are as
quiet as are pure Italians. For the future
I intend to keep Italians only; to do this
I shall have to clear out all my cross-
breds. With my old strain of black bees
I was always able to control swarming,
and frequently had over half a ton of
honey from 20 or more stocks. I never
had more than 30. My work amongst the
bees was then an unmixed pleasure; now
it is sometimes accompanied by pain. —
E. H., Oldham.

" PoiLBN " (Builth).— Bees carrying pollen and
honey.— When out foraging a bee will collect
both nectar and pollen. If flowers are plentiful
they will visit only one kind of flower on each
journey, and probably the amount of honey and
pollen will vary in proportion to the nectar, or
pollen yielding capacity of the particular flower
visited.

" OoRNiSH Novice " (LiskesLvd).— Queen on ground
after swarming.— The queen is unable to fly more
than a few yards. This may be due to old age,
or to some damage to her wings. She fell to
the ground and the bees lost her.

D. A. (Ipswich).— Bepamngr broken sections.— {!)
We have not tried to do this, as up to the
present sections have been so cheap it was not
worth while. Either Seccotine, or other fish
glue, or ordinary glue, would serve. The former
would be most convenient, and it would not melt
in the hive, unless, it was damp. (2) No.

P. P. W. (Torke).— The Association is not formed
yet, nor is it certain that it will be.

Miss E. H. Darney (Notts) and J. Colville
(Belford).— The queens were virgins.

Suspected Disease.

"W- , R- A. (Loughborough).— The trouble is
I.O.W." disease.

C. D. (Haslemere).— The bees you sent appear to
p© healthy. Judging from what yon say. the
trouble appears to be robbing.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2s. 6d. is made for notices
(not exceeding 7 lines) in this column, 10 linet
charged 3s. 6d., up to 15 lines 5s., which covers
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

June 16 and 17.— Hanley Park Meeting of tih«
Staffordshire Agricultural Society. The Stafford-
shire B.K.A. offer valuable prizes and six silver
medals and nine bronze medals. Twelve Classes
for members only, end five Open Classes. (Honey
Classes axe for four or three jare or sections).
Schedules, W. GrifBths Silkmore, Stafford.
Entries closed.

June 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Royal
Agricultural Society's Show, Bee and Honey
Section, under the direction of the B.B.K.A. Prizes
arranged in groups of counties for Associations
afiHliated to the B.B.K.A. Schedules from Th«
Secretary, 23, Bedford Street. Strand. W.C.8.
Entries close June 16,

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.— Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show. The Glamorgan B.K.A.,
in conjunction with R.H.S., offer prizes for Honey.
Wax, Bees, and Appliances. Members, Novices,
and Open Classes. Schedules, Mr. Wiltshire,
Maindy School, Cardiff. Entries close June 22.
July 14.— Wickham Bishops and District Bee-
keepers' Co-operative Association. Group 2. — Open
to bee-keepers resident in Essex. Class 79.— Pour .
Sections'; 1st prize, 76. 6d.; 2nd, 5s. Class 80.— 1 lb.
Extracted Honey; 1st prize, 5s.; 2nd, 3s. Class 81.
—1 lb. of Wax (in 2-oz. cakes), let prize,^ 5s.; 2nd,
3s. Group 3.— For bee-keepers' resident in the
British Isles. Class 82.-1 lb. glass jar of 1920 Run
or Extracted Honey; 1st prize, 20s.; 2nd prize,
10s. 6d. Exhibits in Class 82 to be the property
of the Association, and to be given to hospitals
in County of Essex. Entrance fee 6d. per class.
Rules for exhibiting on back of entry form.— All
entries to be sent to C. W. Cockburn, Hon. Sec.
Meadow Bank, Wickham Bishops, Witham, Essex.
Entries close July 2.

July 15 and 16, at Grimsby.— Lincolnshire
Agricultural Society. Show of Bee Appliances.
Honey, Sections, Wax, etc., under the manage-
ment of the Lines B.K.A. Open and County
Classes. Valuable prizes.— Schedules from Major
Hadfield, Alford, Lines. Entries close June 12.
July 17, at puildford.- Guildford and Dis-
trict Bee-keepers' Association. Members and Open
Classes.— Schedules and prize list from Rev. E. C.
Pitt- Johnson (Hon. Sec), Heatherwood, Pirbright,
Surrey. Entries close July 3.

July 20 to 23, at Aberdeen.— Highland and
Agricultural Society. Classes for Bee Appliances
and Honey. Premiums £53 10s. Half of Prize
Money and Silver and Bronze Medals contributed
by the Scottish Bee-keepers' Association. — Entry
forms from John Stirton, Secretary, 3, George IV.
Bridge, Edinburgh.

July 21, Wyke and Normandy Horticul-
tural Society.— Honey Classes (Open). Best
three sections, 5s., 3s., 2s.; Run Honey, light, 3
1-lb. glass jars, 5s., 3s., 29.; Run Honey, dark, 3
1-lb. glass jars, 55., 3s., 2s. Entrance fee, 6d.— Par-
ticulars, H. L. Mumford, Hon. Sec, Heabherside.
Normandy, Guildford.

July 28, at Blandford.— The Blandford and
District Horticultural Society are holding a Show
of Fruit, Vegetables, Flowers, and Honey in the
Park, adjoining the Crown Meadow, Blandford.
Prizes for honey by the Dorset B.K.A. for mem-
bers of the Association.- Schedules from C. G.
Bone (Dorset Bee-keepers' Association), County
Education Office, High West Street, Dorchester.

Monday and Tuesday, August 2 and 3, at
NewiMjrt.— Monmouthshire Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Annual Show (in connection with the New-
port Allotment Holders' .Association). Members
and Open Classes.- Schedules (post free 3d.) from
Hon. Sec, " Underwood," Portskewett, near
Chepstow, Monmouthshire. Entries close
July 26.

August 4, at Shedfield, Hants, in conjunc-
tion with the Shedfield Horticultural Society's
Show, Hants and Isle of Wight Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciations. Swanmore and Bltterne Branches.

286

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 10. 1920.

Classes for Comb and Extracted Honey.— Schedules
from the Hon. Sec, A. F. Hardy, Esq., Tihe
Palace House, Bishop's Waltham, Hants.

August, 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal prizes.
—Schedules from Mr. F. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

August 14, at Iilanelly.— Carmarthenshire
B.K.A. Show, in connection with the Llanelly and
District Horticultural Society's Show. Liberal
prizes (nearly £15) offered for Honey, "Wax,
and Appliances. 15 Classes (7 Open). — Schedules
from R. Lloyd Roberts, London Joint, City and
Midland, Llanelly. Entries close August 6.

Special Prepaid AdvertisemeDts.

One Penny per Word.

Will advertisers please read these Rules care-
fully in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade advertisements of Beet, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not vermissihle at above rate,
but will be inserted at l§d. per word as " Bust*
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of Zs. per iin:, or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees. Nuclei, and Queens
that arm reared or inii>orted for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER than
FIRST POST on the ^th of the month for
insertion in the next month's Recoed.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ASVEBTISEOVEEirTS.

FOR SALE, strong 10-frame Stock Italian
Hybrids, with 1920 Queen, £4 10s.— ASH-
WORTH, " Redfern," Limpsfield, Surrey. f.47

FOR SALE, Bee Hives, Section Crates, Travel-
ling Boxes (swarm and frame), Skep Supers
and various articles. Would sell the whole or
separate, cheap. Seen by appointment.— 60, Finch-
ley Lane, Hendon, N.W.4. f.48

WANTED, Old and New Books on Bees,
Humble 'Bees, Wasps, etc.— HERD, 58, High
Street, Egham. f.49

NO SPARE Penna Virgins (49.) left. Booking
for next week. — PATRICIA, Grammar
School, Doncaster. f.50

ELL-MADE BENCH, 6 ft. 6 in. long, 2 ft.

10 high, 3 ft. wide, with good drawer, large
shelf under, stained, varnished, excellent for pot-
tine, etc., 45s.; smaller one, unstained, 25e. — W.
WOODS, Normandy, near Guildford. f.51

FOR SALE, strong Stock Dutch Bees (healthy)
with Hive, also two W.B.C. and two Taylor
Hives (one new), Geared Extractor (new). Shallow
Supers with drawn-out comb. Section Racks, and
other Bee Aopliances, £20.— N. S., " Woodrising
Barn," Merstham, Surrey. f.52

ANTED, at once, an Italian Swarm. —
SHORT, St. Million, Cornwall. f.53

W

FOR SALE, four strong Stx)cks of Bees in new
bar-frame hives, £5 each, or offer.— NEAME,
Eopley, Hants. f.54

IMMEDIATE DELIVERT.-Twenty Stocks of
Italian Bees, ready to super, £5.— BOOBIER,
Biahopston, Swansea. f.65

EXTRACTOR for Sale, take standards and
shallows, not geared, £1, carriage forward. —
WILSON, 33, Turney Road, Dulwich, S.E.21. f.58

PER RETURN.— Two beautiful new " Con-
queror" Section Racks, 12s.; new Brood-
hatching Chamber, 8s.— DYKES, Shortlands, Kent.

f.60

NEW Brass Blow Lamp, 15s. 9d.; never used;
carriage paid with directions; present price
25s.— FLOWER, Owslebury, Winchester. f.61

FOR SALE, large Stock in new Conqueror Hive,
£7 lOs., Italian Hybrids; Swarm, two 5-frame
Nuclei, £2 each. Immediate delivery.- EXLET.
Lamer, Wheathampstead, Herts. f.62

SALE, immediate delivery, one Black, and one
Hybrid, Nuclei, young Queens, very prolific
and healthy, 3 frames, 37s. 6d.; 56. returned for
box.— 1, Balne Avenue, Wakefield. f.63

FOR SALE, May and June Swarms, hived on
full sheets of foundation, 3 frames, 30s.; 4
frames, 40s.; 5 frames, 50s.: 6 frames, 60s.; boxes
7s. 6d., returnable; carriage paid.— KNIGHT,
Kenwyn, Truro. f.65

SALE, single-walled Hives, standard, 7s. 6d.
upwards; approval.— HUNT, Bank Street,
Somercotes, Alfreton. f.67

SEVERAL surplus Stocks of Italian and Hybrid
Bees for Sale, 10 frames (Penna strain),
£4 17s. 6d., carriage paid; 10s. on box, returned
on receipt. Inspection invited.— H. OBORNE,
25, Guest Road, Bishopstoke, Hants. r.f.68

STRONG STOCK on 10 frames, 1919 Queen, £5
(10s. extra on box, returnable).— STANLEY,
56, 'Jlontague Road, Cambridge. f.6S

ONE STOCK of Hybrids on eight combs.
£3 10s.; one Stock of pure Italians on eight
combs, £4; 10s. extra to be sent for travelling
box, refunded on return of box in good condition
within seven days.- ADAMS, Southfields, New-
market. f.TO

FINE STOCK pure Penna Bees, ten frame,
packed bees and brood, Penna Queen, guaran-
ieed healthv. £5; box and oacking 10s., return-
able.—FROST, 28, Chatfield Road, Sheffield. f.71

FOR SALE, two strong Stocks in hives, supers
on. £4 and £4 10s.— DAY, 15, Park Lane,
Southwick, Sussex. f.72

SURPLUS STOCKS of Bees, Hybrids, Golden.
English, and Black; quite healthy; just
examined by expert; 6 frames, 65s.; 8 frames, 80s.;
box 30s., returnable.— TAYLOR, 3, Exeter Street.
Birmingham. f.73

NATIVE BEES.— Strong Stock on 10 frames,
ready for supering, £4 10s.; also Stock on
8 frames. £3 5s.; 5s. allowed on travelling boxes
when returned.— HENRY, Smithfield, Egremont,
Cumberland. f.74

8 -FRAME STOCK, Hybrid Italians, 1920 Queen,
wired combs, ample stores, £4 10s. —
STRATTON, Barn Lane, Kings Heath, Birmins-
h am . f£5

WANTED, for month's holiday on Bee Farm,
two bedrooms and cooking.— Box 88, British
Bee Joupnai, Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand,
London, W.C.2. f.88

J FINEST COMB HONEY, also Swarms. Par-
ti"ulars, stamp.— NORTH, Cressing, Brain-
tree, Eseex. f.76a

SWARMS, 20s., on frames, 27s., buyer paying
carriage; box 10s. 6d., refunded on return.—
CULLEN. Bull Hill, Great Claeton. ^13

A FEW strong Stocks of iguarante^-d he^tUhv
Bees, in hives complete, 5 gs.— WIGGINS.
1, Swinderby Road, Wembley. f.43

June 10, 1920. THE BRITISH BEi: JOUBNAL.

287

SWAEMS, ITALIAN HTBRIDS.-S«veral for
Sale. What offers?— Particulars apply SMITH
(Uardeuer), Uook farm, Aldiiigbourne, CJiicliester.

f.l7

APIARY FOR SALE— Two strong Stocks of
Bees, six good Hives, and other Appliances.
Siamp for particulars.— C., The Elms, Leylon Road,
Harpeuaen, Herts. i.26

A PEW LOTS of good, healthy Bees on from
6 to 8 standard trames, 8s. per frame; travel-
ung box to be returned.— WRIGHT, Waterworks,
Suiton Poyntz, near Weymouth. r.f.28

BEES.— Good Stocks May Swarms in skeps,
hives, extractors, and all appliances to be
Cleared at once. Stamp tor list. No disease.—
STEEL, West Ashling, Chichester. r.f.29

QUANTITY of drawn^)ut Shallow Prames, excel-
lent condition, li frames with drone comb.
Is. 6d. each; one gross 7-lb. lever-lid Honey Tins,
with handles, 14s. per dozen, packed, on rail; one
gross 28-lb. lever-lid Tins, 20s. dozen.— J.
ARNFIELD, Breinton, Hereford. e.l07

ITALIANS.— €hoice strain, (Penna's extra se-
lected). Spare nuclei, 33s., delivered. In-
quiries stamp.— Box 000, B.B.J. OfBce, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, W.0.2. e.48

URPLUS QUEENS.- Dutch and Hybrid Virginn

from County Re-stocking Apiary, 4s. 6d.

each.— ANDREWS, Expert, 78a. Westgate, Peter-

boro'. e.Bl

FOR SALE, eight hives and strong stocks of
bees, Italian and Carniolan, with young
Queens, separately £8 each hive, lot £60. With
appliances and geared extractor, £10 extra.- Apply
A. J. RAYMENT, 50 Chandos Avenue, Whet-
stone. N.20. e.82

PURE light Cambridge Honey (guaranteed),
281b. tins 42s., carriage paid; sample 4d.— J.
YOUNGER, 6, Maid's Causeway. Cambridge. e.?6

FOR SALE, two "Eotax RoadlLght 267" gelf-
contained Acetylene Motor Headlights, very
powerful, £6 the pair; one Exhaust Whistle, lOs.;
one Wood-Milne Motor Poot Pump, 40fl.—
HERROD-HEMPSALL, aa above.

CORRESPONDENCE COURSES in Bee-keeping.
— H. E. NEWTON, Brown House, Barton-on-
8ea, Hauts. r.d.l57

NEW-ENGLAND-BRED ITALIAN QUEENS.-
Untested laying Queens, ready June 1, 10s.,
delivery guaranteed; 63. at purchaser's risk. Eng-
lish money accepted by registered mail.— ALLEN
LATHAM, Norwichtown, Conn., U.S.

BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS,
lid. per word.

BOUGHT ANOTHER APIARY.— Offer Dutch
or Hybrid Queens, clipped, 6«. each; eight
Swarms, minimum 4 lbs. and upwards, 7s. 6d.
per lb., delivery to-day if you send your boxes;
Skeps, 30s. to 359., according to strength; a few
5-frame Italian Hybrid Nuclei at £3 2s. 6d. each.
Cash with order. Buy from where you can get
immediate delivery.— THOMAS, Causeway, Bur-
well, Cambs. f.56

3 -FRAME NUCLEI, with fertile Queen, 37e. 6d.;
case 5s., returnable, carriage deducted. Stocks
on 8 frames, £3 10s., ditto.— The Firs, Normanoy,
near Guildford. f.57

SALE OF BEE APPLIANCES.— Ironmonger,
retiring from business, has small stock of
above which he will sell much b«low current prices.
Stock comprises Sections, Bar Frames, Glasses for
Sections, Bottles, Weed JFoundation, etc., etc. All
Lee & Sons' goods, and perfect as new. List sent
on application.— HUNTER, Ironmonger, Cumnock,
Ayrshire. i,66

THREE STOCKS of Italians on 10 frames, ready
tor supering, £4; Nuclei, 10s. per frame; boxes
cnarged, returnaole.— HENSLEl, 24, Queen's
Roao, Luton, Chatham. f.64

1Q9n FERTILE Golden Italian Queens,
XU^yj guaranteed imported direct from Italy,
regular supplies every tew days, lis. each;
specially selected, 15s.— GOODARE, New Cross,
Wedne&neld. f.59

VIRGIN ITALIAN QUEENS, 4s.-I can book
further orders for lertile Queens, 10s.— JACK
TICKELL, Westbourne Apiary, Cheltenham, f.76

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 50s.; box charged 10s., returnable;
6-irame stocKs, 70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 90s. Imme-
diate delivery. All guaranteed free from disease.
—LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess Hill,
Sussex. r.f.77

6 -FRAME STOCKS in bar-frame hives at £5
each, free on rail; Italian fertile Queens,
10s. 6d. each. Daily deliveries.- LEE, '" Little
Bowden Apiary," Burgess Hill, Sussex. r.f.78

PURE Carniolan Alpine Queens, imported
direct, 12s. 6d. each. Orders in rotation.— J.
MOORE, Bleasby, Notts. f.79

SWARMS, 30s. to 40s.; strong 3-frame Nuclei,
42s. (no disease); satisfaction guaranteed;
travelling boxes 6s., returnable.- A. LONGLEY,
35, Tharp Road, Wallington, Surrey. f.80

VIRGIN ITALIAN QUEEN, Penna's (1920)
strain, 4s. 6d.; fertile ditto, ditto, 10s.; Nuclei
on 3 or 4 frames.— WARD, Deeside Nursery, West
Kirby.

INCUBATOR hatched Hybrid Italian Queens,
from the best strains in the country; imme-
diate delivery; fertile, 8s. 6d.; virgins, 5s.— T.
CHITTY, Burleigh Farm, Cassington, Oxon.

ITALIAN HYBRIDS, 4 frame, 45s.; fertiles.
7s. 6d.— ASHE, Yatton Keynell, Chippenham,
Wilts. f.83

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3 frames, packed with brood
and bees, carriage paid. £2 15s.; cash with
order; box 10s., returnable. Satisfaction guaran-
teed, or money returned. Fertile Queens, 10s. 6d.;
virgins, 5s.— E. H. TUNMER, "Chalfonts," Leis-
ton, Suffolk. 1.84

FERTILE QUEENS, Italian Hybrids, wonderful
strain. Up to 25 can be sent by return of
post. Prices: Selected, 10s. 6d.; others, 8s. 6d.—
HOSEGOOD, 26, Purley Park Road, Purley,
Surrey. f.8o

EGYPTIAN-ITALIAN Virgin Queens, per
return post, 5s.— BARLOW, Bee Expert,
Newcastle, Staffs. f-86

IMMEDIATE DELIVERY. —3-frame Nuclei,
Italian Hybrids, 1920 fertile Queens, 456., car-
riage paid; box 5s., returnable.— EVANS, Latti-
ford, Wincanton, Somerset. f.87

FOR SALE now a few mated Hybrids, 1919 and
1920, 7s. 6d. each; virgins, 4s.; from June 16
mated Penna strain Italian, 10s. 6d.; postage
extra.— ASHWORTH, The Bungalow, Weymouth
Street, Warminster. f.88

STRICTLY BUSINESS.— Japanned Sprayers, 6s.,
post paid. Flavine— samples free, as usual.
The Smith-Burgess Ventilated Clearer Board, 8s.,
post paid. Chapter V., " Week-end Bee-keeping,"
free with all orders this week.— S. H. SMITH, 30,
Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. f.89

A GENUINE PENNA QUEEN in your hive
during July, August and September means
pounds in your pocket next spring. All Penna
queens coming through me after .June 31 delivery
will arrive direct from Bologna.— SMITH, 30,
Maid's Canseway, Cambridge. f.90

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 10, 1920.

NUCLEI, 3 frames, Bees and fertile 1920 Queen,
£2 28.— LARMUTH, Hillside, Monahan
Avenue, Purley. f-9

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, with Italian or Englisn
Queen, 60s.; returnable box, 10s.; Queens, 10s.
— HOLLINGSWORTH, Heanor. f.31

NUCLEI, 3-frame, £2 10s.; 4-frame, £3 5s.;
Cross "White Star"; box, 5s. ertra.— A.
SKINNER, Oaks, Mickleover, Derby. f.32

AZENBEE " PROLIFIC ITALIAN QUEENS

are selected and tested: fertile, lOe.; virgins,
5s.— YOUNO, One Hundred Elms Apiary, Central
Road, Sudbury, Middlesex. f.34

PENNA specially picked me a 1919 beauty, now
laying nearly 3,000 eggs daily. Spare Virgins
from this mother 4s. by return, or money back;
fertiles, 8s., in rotation.—" PATRICIA," Grammar
School, Doncaster. f.38

ITALIAN QUEENS DIRECT FROM ITALY.-
E. Penna, Bologna, Italy.— Mr. S. H. Smith,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge, has bought all
the Queens I have still for sale in this year. As
agreed with him, all these queens will be sent by
me direct to customers. We do not hold ourselves
responsible for the queens that are not sent by
us direct to customers.

MISSES PALING & PILLANS.-Ordera booked
for strong three-frame Nuclei with pure
Italian Penna Queens or home-reared Queens from
best selected Italian strains, £3; choice home-bred
Italian Queens, 12s.; Virgins, 6s., four for 20s.—
Golden Square, Henfield, Sussex. e.lOl

1 Q *?n Pl^^E Fertile Italian Queens, direct
±*j^\J from the well-known French breeder,
Abb6 Warre, 7s. 6d. each.— Orders, for execution
in rotation, to ELLIOTT, Kelvin Road, Ipswich.

r.e.l04

ITALIAN 4-FRAME NUCLEI, Penna Queen,
covered bees and brood, 55s. ; boxes 10s., return-
able. 1920 Penna imported Queens, Us. each.
Large stock " W.B.C." Hives and Apiary Sup-
plies; bargain.— 0. HOGAN, Boxford, Suffolk.

r.e.80

KA— 7F; 3-PRAME Nuclei Italian Hybrids. 1920
0\J t O Queens, proved disease-resisting strain
and excellent honey gatherers. Delivery early
June onwards; orders executed in rotation. Price
46s. each, carriage paid; travelling boxes to be
returned.- Further particulars, HOSEGOOD, 26,
Purley Park Road, Purley, Surrey. r.e.86

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 50s., June delivery: 6-frame Stocks,
70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 903.; immediate delivery; box
charged 10s., returnable; Italian Fertile Queens,
10s. 6d. All orders in strict rotation Cash with
order.— LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess
Hill, Sussex. e.79

ITALIAN COLONIES.— Simmins and Penna
strains; 8 frames, £4 16s.; Nuclei, 3 frames.
45s. Five per cent, discount to members of
Middlesex Bee-keepers' Association.— BABBAGE,
33, Whitcstile Rd., Brentford. r.e.75

FOR SALE, good Nuclei, 1920 Queens, four
frames 52s. 6d., three 45s., two 37i6. 6d.; ready
mid-May; cases 7s. 6d., returnable; Journal
deposit.— A. H. HAMSHAR, Wonersh, Guildford.

e.41

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time Bee
Fflrmer.— Terms on application to C. B.
BARTLETT, Sandford Mount, Charlbory, Oxon.

d.ia7

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEB WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy tTet>.—Omct»: THE APIS OLUB,
Poiit Hill HooM, Bonaon, Oxoa.

ISLE OP WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;
use the solution iliat cnies; as. per bottle.—
B. PRE86EY, St. Elmo, Coulsdon. " r.dJ.49

ORDERS booked for 3-frame Nuclei, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. List for
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. CRACKNELL,
Mount Road, Thundersley, Essex. r.d.a7

BOZZALLA teoted Queen« are sold at the price
Qsually charged for untested queens.— Oat»-
logut from H. 6TI0H, fiicoartsbar Avenne,
Paisley. rx.ll6

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address ;

Signor Gaetano Plana,
Castel San Pietro,
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr, W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOB 1920.

For 1 Fertile Queen : August and September,

9/- each queen.
Can take no more orders for June & July. Booked up.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B3.J."
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " BJBJ." and
"B.K,R." can be addressed to him, c/o Britisi Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C,2.
Cheques payable to ' Britisb Bee Journal."

Dutch Bees.

I am Sole Agent for Hans Matthes,
the Dutch Bee Farmer who supplied the
British Government last season with
Skep stocks for their County Re-
stocking Scheme.

These bees are hardy, prolific,
healthy.

Send for Blustrated Catalogue giving
methods of management, charac-
teristics, honey-gathering and disease-
resisting powers of this race of bee.

Address — •

R. WHYTE,

The Bee Farm,

Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire,

5 per cent, discount allowed to members of Hbo
Ik9i» OLtb.

Jiine 10, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTIRITAL.

Ill

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through b^e
stings. All particulars from

W. HERXOB-HEMPSAIJ., 83, BedJorfl
Street. BtrBnd. lK>ndon. W.C.a-

SCIENTIFIC QUEEN REARING.

BEST

In the world.

Every

app)iance and

instructions.

Send for

KAT-A-LOG

MEADOWS

SYSTON.
Near LEICESTER.

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGEj & MART

Newspaper.

Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —

WINDSOR HOUSE, Breanu BniidiDgi, LONDON. E.C.2.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

((

RACTERO! "

FOR BEES

2/6 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

39, Farringdon Road, London, E.C.I.

PREPARE FOR EXTRACTING.

The quickest, cleanest and most efficient on the market is the " BAIRD " EXTRACTOR,
which extracts from BOTH SIDES of the COMB simultaneously.

Particulars from G. S. BAIRD, 1, HURST ROAD, ERITH, KENT.

RUSH
ORDERS

WHEN YOU WANT GOODS QUICK SEND

TO BOWEN— CHELTENHAM.
You get them by return. Booklet of Specialities Free.

LT. A. H. BOWEN— BEE GOODS DEPOT— CHELTENHAM.

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERRODHEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

S. J. BALDWIN.

1 beg to inform that the No. 1 Kent Hive is not manufactured
by me, only the No. 2 *' Bromley Kent."

(New deep frame 17 X 14X 12. Sample by post 6d.)

THE APIARY, BROMI^£>Y, KENX-J

THE BRITISH BEE JOTOlTAt. June 10, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made hy practical Men who know
^yhal a eocd hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

" Everything for an Apiary,"
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

^ ^^^ W% Bee Supplies. §

In design, material and workman- Jl{

ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain W

the reputation of being your best and w

safest investment. O

li /i a w

C|[ Our 1920 ILLUSTRATED CATA- Q

LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the M

most up-to-date hives and appliances J3[

for virhich the House of Lee is famous. ^^

a a a )!(

fT We regret the necessity of having H

" to advise our Customers that owing J;^

to the increased cost of production, all w

prices in 1920 price list are subject to ^t

10% increase. The increase will not >^

apply to orders received before May 10. M

•«• Five per cent discount to Members of ^
THE APIS CLUB. A

JAMES LEE & SON, g

LTD., n

Uxbridge, Middlesex. m

XL

(Telegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) W

20-Page 1920 'WHITE STAR" List,

S^d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND. HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

1 very much regret that there has been a large increase tn the cost of the manufacture of bee-
appliances, arul therefore my prices uiill be advanced 10% from May 10th. Books excepted.

P&INTBD BY THB AVKNCI PeE88 (L. XJPCOTI GlU, & SON, LTD.), 65-57, DbURV LANB, LONDON, W.C, 4»D

Published fos thi Pbopbietor (W. Hbrbod-Hehpsall), by Simpein, Marshau, Hamilton,
Kent & Ck>., Ltd., SI & 32, Patebnobtbb Row. JB.C.

Bhitub Bn JoTJBNU. kvn Bn-KicnBS' Adyiub. June 17, 1920.

No. 1982. Vol. XLVIII

JUNE 17, 1920.

iPublithtd «v«rv Thur$dm9, WxiM flA.

CO If rr £: If rr s.

PAGE

Notice to Advertisees 289

EoYAL Show Eund 289

A BoESET Yarn 289

Jottings prom Huntingdonshire 290

Bee Notes prom South Aprica 291

South Stappordshieb B.E.A 293

Correspondence — i

Difficulties with, " I.Oi.W," Disease 294*

PAOB

Beetles as Enemies of Bees 295

A Correction 295

Dutch, Beee and "I.O.W." Diseaso 295

Virgil and Bees 296

Bees Building Comb Upwarda 296

Be Bees Disappearing 296

The Difficulties of Italian Queen Breeders 297

Skep Making 297

Bee Shows to Come 297

WRITE FOR

FREE CATALOGUE

WITH

INSTRUCTIONS

FOR BEGINNERS.

AS MY

ARE THE

FOUNDATION OF SUCCESS

SO IS SUCCESS

MADE CERTAIN
BY

MY

E. H. TAYLOR

WELWYN,

HERTS.

Telephone: 13 WELWYN.

u

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 17, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journa!

Bbtablibhid 1873.
Weekly Journal Devoted

t« the

Interests o£ Bee-keepers.

::ditea by T. W. COWAJr. F.I..8., &c.,
and J. HEBXtOD-HimiPSAIJi, F^.S.

Oorrespondence : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., Bhould be
addressed, " Editors, British B&e Journ^,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

fabsdrlptions. - Annual Subscription,
lOs. lOd. post free in advMice; single copies
2d., or 2^. post free. If a receipt ia required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and PostaJ Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 26.
Huifpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Y«n are advised to insist on this being csed wtaen
dealing with strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested thai
the Rules be oarefully read over by persions using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatcJied until notice that
the money has l>eeji deposited is received from
this ofGce.

1. Method.— Wlien strangers are dealing
together, ihe purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchaee is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a cliarge of 2^
per cent, in Ihe £, with a minimum of 6d., and
tbe eKpenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Oaeli will be forwarded by Cheque.
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
•"'e return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and, sellers
aope secured against fraud,

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and oroesed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Poetal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any lose that may
oecur in transit.

3. Honey on Approv«l.— All lixHiey vill be woUi
by aample, which must be eemit direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In erderin^, the time
allowed for completinir the order to be stated to
us wlien sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees end Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by ithe p^arties concerned, so far ae price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Ooods In Transit.- These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article oa
its journey is borne by tne vendor; but a rejected
article mu»t be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the traiaa-'
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

jVOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

A XoAem Bee^ Farm

Advanced Bee Culture'
(Hutchinson) ...

Beginner's Bee Book (Peiaett)'

BEE-KEEPING SIMPI.IFIED
FOR THE COTTAGER AJND
SMAI.IiHOI.BEB (W. Hebeod-
Hempsall, F.B.S.)

BEE-KEEFEBS' pbacticai.
NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

BBITISH BEEi - KEEPEBS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)
(paper covers only)

Bissectible Model of Queen
Bee

FEBTII.ISATION OF FBUIT
BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan)

Fifty Years Among the Bees
(Miller)

Honey and Health. (A. Hope) ...

Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks)

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstoce)

Management of Out Apiaries

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial . Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hoopee, F.R.H.S.)

PBODUCING, PBEPABING,
EXHIBITIITG AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Heeeod-Hempsall, F.E.S.)

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-

lett) ]

Queen Bearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladen)

Scientific Queen Bearing

KDOOLITTLE!)

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening

The " Towneend " Bee Book ...
WAX CBAFT (T. W. Cowan) ...
Wilke's Book on Swarming ...

MISCEIJ.ANEOUS.

Maeterlinck's I>ife of the Bee
The I.ore of the Honey Bee

(TtCKNER EdWARDES)

THE BEE WOBI.D (supplied
only to members of Associations
interested in the control and
development of the Apis Club,
apart from ordinary members of
the latter), per copy

7/6

Postage
... 84d.

€/-
5/.

... 6id.
... 4d.

1/-

... 2d.

1/-

... 2d.

2/6

... 3d.

476

-/3

6/-
-/6
-/2

5/-
3/-

3d.

. Id.

5 id.
Id.
Id.

4td.
. 2d.

Id.

2/-

.. 3d.

0/6 .

.. Sid

1/6

.. 2d.

4/- .

.. 3id

-/6
2/6

2/- .
1/-

.. Id.
.. 2d.
.. 2id.
.. Id

3/6

.. 3d.

2/- .

.. 2id

-/a ... lid.

Brititk Bee Jonmal & Record Office,

2S, BBDFOBD ffrUKBC. STBAND, LONDON, W.at.

June 17, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

289

Notice to Advertisers.

Owing to the greatly advanced price of
printing paper, and the increase of wages
in the printing trade, we shall be obliged
to raise the price for our " displayed " ad-
vertisements at the end of this month.
We are sorry to have to do this, but if we
are to carry on it is inevitable. We can
only hope this will b© the last increase
we shall have to make, but. this is by no
means certain. The revised rates as given
will come into force with the issue of the
British Bee Journal for July 1 and the
July Record,

Displayed Advertisement Rates.

British Bee Journal or Bee-keepers'

Record.

Full page
Half page
One-third pa^«
Quarter page
1^ in. across page
1 in. across page
■^ in. across page
1^ in. single column
1 in. single column
4 in. single column

£ s.
4 0
2 10
1 16
1 12
1 7
0 18
0 10
0 15
0 10
0 6

d
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

Discount for a series of consecutive dis-
played advertisements : — Six insertions
2^ per cent. ; Twelve insertions 5 per
cent. ; Twenty-six 15 per cent. ; Fifty-two
30 per cent.

Royal Show Fund.

The Council of Britigh Bee-keepers'
Association are anxious to take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation at this
show may not be spoilt. In order t«
defray the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that all bee-keepers
assist in this work by giving donations,
which should be sent as early as possible
to the Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

Subscriptions for this fund are coming
in very slowly, and we would urge all
those who can possibly do so to send a
donation, hioweveir smaJl. The sum
needed is not, comparatively, large and if
every one does a little «hould be easily
forthcoming. "The Royal" is the ahow
of the year, when the value of bee-
keeping, and of the use of honey, to the
community is brought to the notice of

... 0 5

0

... 0 10

0

... 0 10

0

... 0 6

8

... <t 5

0

... 0 5

0

£12 8

2

hundreds of people, and should the
Bee and Honey Department have to be
dropped for lack of funds, the loss to
bee-keeping will be out of all proportion
to the amount needed to carry on. May
we also urge all those who can do so to
make an entry, and exhibit at the
Darlington show. A good display will
help both the show and the craft. We
are sure our bee-keeping friends in the
North are looking forward to a good
display of honey, etc., at this year's
Royal Show.

£ s. d.

Amoiuit received 10 6 6

Mrs. G. Scott

Mr. T. Walker

E. J. R

W. A. Woods

<:. F. Clay

J. Pearman

A Dorset Yarn.

Many of our upland fields are bare of
grass and flowers. Very heavy crops of
clover and rye grasses have been cut.
The bees are on the permanent pastures;
they get a lot of surplus from these fields,
but they have left the red field clover
alone. The white Dutch has but a few
bees, but the yellow flowers of Hiera-
ceums are crowded with Italian bees;
they make themselves yellow all over with
the pollen as they scramble over these
ligulate composites As last year, the
white clover is not thought much of, as
are other flowers, and they are storing
surplus at a rapid rate. There are so
many flowers for them just now, as the
hedgerows have the first blackberry flowers
open; but our bees are mostly on the
uncut permanent grass fields and the corn-
fields, where the charlock abounds. Sec-
tions are selling well; shops will take all
we have as fast as filled. It looks a rosy
sca.soQ for bee-keepers.

The stocks with the extra brood cham-
bers are best; they produce the goods in
early summer, without having the swarm-
ing fever early, though at night they are
hanging round the entrance. It rained
heavily last night (Saturday), I rested
an extra board against front of hive to
keep them from getting wet. One of
them had the rain-board over the en-
trance broken, this has been so for a fort-
night; by their doing this nocturnal rest
on the outside so long, one would think
that it was the swarming fever, but they
all 2;o to work each day as usual. Another
one of these double brood chambered
stocks came out as if swarming; but I
assume the queen would not come out

290

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 17, 1920.

with them — they all went back again
within five minutes. They have shown no
desire to go through this mad round and
round flight again, so we must assume
that there was plenty of room for the
queen to lay her eggs -she did not see
the necessity of leaving; these do the best
for the early harvest. One lot from which
I took out four bars in May has now the
second rack of sections on top, and no
sign of swarming. The four bars with
the queen from the parent hive have made
a strong lot, and have just started seo-
tions.

A visitor from the Board of Agriculture
is round Dorset inspecting the Govern-
ment pupils, who have a grant for one
year from the State. After seeing the
crops he came last to the bees (he was
not a bee-keeper), and was astonished to
see them with tier upon tier. He looked
in the top where the finished rack of
sections with glass covering was seen, and
saw the bees going in close to the ground,
the finished rack up level with his chin.
He had an object-lesson of what bees can
do if given plenty of scope to do it. The
poultry, the pigs, and cows all do well,
but the bees give the greatest return for
the smallest outlay. I am to iiave some
more Government pupils, as they are ex-
tending the scheme to some who are re-
turning from the distant lands where the
war has been. These could never have
known of the teaching scheme for men
who have suffered the miseries of cam-
paigning and exile from home.

Those bee-keepers who grow small vege-
table crops for a quick return need not
hesitate about planting largely lettuce
for early spring and summer. We have
had motor lorries after 60 and 80 dozen
a day for lettuce at Is. 3d. to Is. 6d. per
dozen. Strawberries began at 4s. per lb.,
and finished last Saturday, June 12, at
Is. 6d. per lb. This is only the first
week of picking The rasps have their
first fruits ripe, and the currants, just
showing colour, have been offered Is. per
lb. for the lot as they are; gooseberi'ies
are heavy crops, and all, as I have written
before, can be cheaply grown. The cut-
tings of the bushes always root freely if
planted in autumn, and strawberries— a
few plants would give many hundreds of
young plants in a short time, no matter
what newspaper men may write, as they
do, about the Service men put on the land
Uj make a poor living. They can make
a good one if they keep to the crops that
are always wanted. With bees they can
make a good living, and a happy, healthy
life in the open fields. It is the man who
has staying power, who keeps on trying
extending each year with permanent
crops; then all the year round there is
always something coming in, always some

of the very best of succulent vegetables
and luscious fruits for yourselves^ as well
as for sale.

We have plenty of asparagus, plenty of
peas and broad beans, plenty for sale,
plenty for ourselves; these can only be
had in the best condition when gathered
fresh and used at home. Those straw-
berries that are sent to market are never
really ripe; the wealthy eaters must have
sugar and cream to make them really
nice, but the grower can have them fully
ripe, when the calyx and stem are all red
together with the fruit : then it has its
sugar in the fruit, then it has the real
flavour of strawberries, a luxury that town
dwellers never have. — J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Cuckoo, Cuckoo. It was past ten
o'clock at night -and I had just retired,
but a cuckoo was not so tired as I, for he
was softly singing his lullaby to his mate.
Accompanying nis monotonous song,
floating with the zephyrs, was the thrill-
ing evening hymn of the nightingale. T
fell asleep and dreamt;" hot of nightin-
gales, alas ! although I faintly in a half
doze, imagined myself listening to
Handel's "Nightingale and Cuckoo " ; no,
my dream was all about cuckoos. I
dreamt I saw a hen bird lay her egg and
picking it up in her beak fly off to find
for it a resting, also a brooding place
She ultimately dropped it in the nest of
a hedge-sparrow. The hedge-sparrow sat
and sat until four young spari^rows and one
cuckoo were born. In a day or two's
time, the young cuckoo, growing faster
than his nest mates, threw himself on his
back and getting well down in the nest,
heaved with his legs the young sparrows
from their downy home. He now has
the nest to himself, and takes every morsel
brought him by his foster parents, who
have been so singularly duped. He grows
and grows and is bigger much than those
in whose charge he is placed, but not once
does his mother come to see how he is
progressing — the cuckoo is denied the joy
of motherhood. When he is old enough,
and big enough to take care of himself,
ho finds his parents have long since left
these shores and yet by some wonderful
instinct he knows which way they have
gone and follows in their wake. Cuckoo !
cuckoo ! I open my eyes, dawn has
already broken. Has our African friend
been busy all night with his cucks' and oos?
I cannot say, methinks however he slept
when the night was dark. Again he sings,
I look at my watch, it is 4.30, too early to
rise, too good to sleep. The nightingale
is silent, but wKa-t a chorus of song I
Trees, hedges^ eaves, woods, coppices, are

June ir, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

291

all alive with twittering birds. The little
wren, like the piccolo in the orchestra is
heard above the rest. For two hours this
psean of praise is continued. It is beauti-
ful in summer when the day is young !
Wrens, thrushes and blackbirds delight in
singing not only to their mates, but also
to human beings.

Last summer a faithful blackbird
always came and sang to us whene'er we
took meals outside. On the side lawn, he
would find us — on the front he would
perch above us there, singing his very
best, and would knowingly cock his head
aside as we thanked him with pretty words.
Cuckoo-Cuck-Cuck-Cuckoo. I am up now,
and watch amused, a cuckoo being chased
by seven small birds, they have mistaken
him for a hawk, he outpaces his pursuers
at last, and wings back and settles just
above one of my hives. He drops lower
to a fence and watches this way and that,
swoops down near the alighting board,
picks up a meal and is off. I wonder what
he ate. Woolly caterpillars and the insect
in "cuckoo spit" are his chief food, but
I should like to know what he was doing
near my hive, was it an expelled drone, or
a discharged nymph or a real live bee?
Not the latter I feel sure ; no, I am not
sure, I hope not. Ah, cuckoo, if you eat
my bees I shall think ill of you. I love
to hear you as the harbinger of spring, I
love to watch you along the roadside play-
ing can't catch me. I remember the
delight I experienced when I learnt that
you never sucked eggs, that you often
saved our country from a caterpillar
plague. But Oh ! if you eat bees I shall
not ever forgive you. So before you ring
out your minor thirds, make a vow to
leave my bees, at least my live bees — you
can clear up the drones, if you wish —
alone.

Honey is flowing in fast now. Whoever
has a stock of bees not working the supers
at this season of the year, will know that
something is amiss. Bees will change their
gathering ground every week if possible.
Just now one field of Alsike is a-hum with
honey gatherers, every flower seems to hold
a bee. I wonder how much honey there is
in an acre of Alsike? I venture on a guess,
and say half a stone. However, ye farmers,
sow your Alsike by the dozen acres, and we
well help the crops to fertilise and both be
satisfied.

I hope every bee-keeper read, marked
and learned what Mr. Ellis, writing from
that historic and romantic place Gretna
Green, had to say two weeks ago about
keeping one hive for securing surplus for
the rest of the sbocks. There will I fear,
be no sugar available for feeding of beea
this next autumn and spring.

A week ago a swarm issued from a hive.
I 4id not wani tbem ouWl bate ewarma

on Saturday, it generally means Monday
before one can get them off, and then ite
rather too late, so I got them back, How?
Mr. Lythgoe, what say you? By tanging.
Standing near the hive I rang a bell and
soon confusion reigned among the swarm-
ing bees and they aU returned. A few
days before I caught sight of a swarm
settling on a high branch of an apple tree,
I started tanging .and got them to settle
much lower down. I don't deliev? in

rattling trays and saucepan lids, relicts
of the times when demons were scared
away, but a musical bell will soon affect
a swarm. It is wise to wear a veil as
sometimes tanging will result in the wholo
swarm coming for you. You doubters,
try it.

The County Councils are doing some-
thing for bee craft, let us hope that some-
thing will be educational. It is badly
needed. Only this morning a man tried
to make my blood boil by telling me I was
out of date in advocating re-queening, for
it had been proved that the queen didn't
lay the eggs, she only reigned, the egg
laying being done by female workers.
"Who'd proved it" I asked, his authority
was a retired policeman " who'd kept bee.=?
for 40 years." I tried my utmost to
convince the man that though fertile
workers were known^ the soul life of the.
hive was the queen, all however, to no
purpose. So readers take heed — it Jta^
been proved that the queen does not loif
eggs — be careful however that you havo a
good queen in your hive or you will l;o
sorry. E. F. Hemming.

Bee Notes from South Africa.

A. — Summer is with us (December ID,
and also the bee pirates. Drones hav >
been cast out, and all "work has cea-- 1
except for an hour at sunrise and suns?i^.
A little pollen is carried early, but only
water in the evening. Though our surti-
mer here corresponds with your winter in
England, the honey flow is during about
the same months — mid-April to end of
June, and again in August and Sep-
tember.

My experiment in housing seems to
have been a great success, though I shall
try it one more year to make certain.

The advantages of housing are : —

1. The protection of the hives from th«
great heat of the sun in summer and tho
cold winds of early winter when the main
flow is on.

2. The housed bees had plenty of stores,
and commenced breeding earlier. Those
outside had to be fed, <md lost much
time.

8. Hlvea can be made of much cheaper
material, with an ordinary flat roof.

292

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 17, 1920.

4. Temperature is more even; rain and
damp bave no efiect.

5. Single-walled liives are quite effi-
cient, and badly-fitting supers no evil
results.

6. Easily fed, with less fear of robbing.

7. Easier to manipulate in any weather,
and with less stings, as bees leaving the
entrance cannot see or get at the manipu-
lator.

My huts are made of wattle and daub,
10 to 12 ft. square. Entrances are cut
through the walls, with eight hives, one
to each corner. They cost £2 each, with
annual repairs of about 5s. each.

Hives I make out of old petrol cases,
costing Is. 6d. each, and the frames of
tht> same material, to the Hoffman pat-
tern. For the top bar I tack two strips
together to prevent sagging. A hive can
take ten frames of worker brood, I find
here ten frames do better than either
more or less. I have increased my stocks
to 30, re-queening from the most pros-
perous hive, and also from the most docile
(No. 15), which did almost as well. I
find, after a few years' notes, that the
temperament of the bees remains the
same : lazy colonies remain lazy, indus-
trious remain industrious, vicious remain
vicious, and' docile docile. I find the

Outside.

Housed.

Hive

Autumn

Spring

Hive

Autumn

Spring-^

Lba.

Lbs.

Lbs.

Lbs.^

1

'99

■15

"9

Pnil

nill^

2

40^

nil

10

142

30^

3

' nil

nil

11

139

28 ^

4

25

'nil

12

'•39 ■

nil''

5

■' 67 1

^nil

13

209 ""

5 31 •?

6

73

18

14"

>'98 •

r29''9

7

^nil

nil

15^

152 ^

^301

8

94'

nil

16'

39 ^

nil

easiest way to re-queen, and the safest,
especially with strong, savage bees, is to
place a ripe queen-cell, not more than
twelve days old, together with a frame of
young brood, on the old stand, and re-
move parent hive some distance whilst
the bees are flying. The parent hive be-
comes weak and docile next day, when
the old queen can be replaced or queen-
cell given. The rapidly hatching brood
quickly strengthens the hive, and the
result is two strong colonies.

B. — On July 27 I artificially swarmed
a very strong colony, leavine a super of
shallow frames on parent hive without
an excluder. Ten days later the hive was
still very strong, so I again divided,
giving each a ripe queen-cell, and de-
stroying the remainder. I then replaced
excluder and super on parent hive. On
September 4 I found super full of drone
brood in all stages, and an empty aueen-
cell. No worker brood at all. I dis-

covered a s>mall queen-— -a virgin, I pre-
sume— So cut out the drone brood and
removed the super to a new stand. Ten
days later the combs were full of worker
eggs, and no drone. I strengthened with
a oomb of young bees, and it is now a very
Strong colony, but will require feeding.
Is not this unusual for a queen to get
mated' so long after hatching? Or could
she have got mated by one of the drones
accidentally enclosed in the super?

0. — Vitality of Bees. — 1. A quantity of
bees got into my sitting-room and wor-
ried round the lamp. I placed a basin of
water underneath, and a large number
fell in (otherwise they have a nasty habit
of crawling up one's trousers), and placed
this on the verandah. After a cold night
I threw the lot, apparently dead, into
the warm sunshine, when nearly all
quickly recovered and flew away. Num-
bers were at the bottom of the basin.

When bees are covered with honey and
cannot fly, I have washed them in cold
water, and they have recovered; whilst
in washing them in very lukewarm water
I have often found theln to mostly perish.
A vicious swarm came out and tackled
a span of oxen with their driver, killed
several fowls, and committed general
havoc. I could do nothing, so in despe-
ration seized a tin of insect powder and
emptied the contents in the hive. A few
minutes later they appeared all dead, and
I emptied them out on the ground. I
brushed the oombs and returned them to
the old stand with' a ripe queen-cell, so
that the flying bees reioined them. Next
day, after a slight frost, I discovered
those thrown on the ground reviving, and
by midday the greater number had flown.
This is now a strong, docile colony.
Insect powder does not seem to destroy
sealed brood. For an experiment, I
placed an empty comb, with a little
powder sprinkled on, and in, the cells,
into a strong hive It was quickly filled
with eggs, which were all reared.

D. — CiiKrious. — Late in spring a swarm
settled in a tree iust before sunset. I
emptied it into a box and inverted it on
the ground. A few minutes later I ex-
amined, to find the swarm split un into
three large balls on the ground. In the
morning the position was the same, but
each ball held a dead queen, apparently
a virgin. Seven days later exactly the
same thing happened, but this time with
three fine-looking fertile queens. , One
was killed; the other two I caiored, and
gave each one half the swarm. Thev both
head rather weak colonies now, and have
to be fed. I fancy these happenings were
the result of some native honey-hunter
retu^ing with bis spoil all mixed up,
and the survivors cleared oS together.
Any other explanation?

June 17, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJEN-AL.

293

E. — If weighed in the balance, would
bees be found more stupid or otherwise?
Why will they persist in drinking out of
deep wells and tubs, and being drowned
in thousands, when they have shallow
basins provided?

Why will they waste their energy by
stinging washing hung out to dry, vege-
tables and other inanimate matter?

Why will they come out of their hives
to resist bee pirates when they can remain
in safety inside?

We read of bee-keepers getting used to
stings. How many stings do you bee-
keepers call "being stung"? I have
. taken 212 out of one glove, and many
penetrated. They get one through one's
armour here everywhere, the ankles being
very favoured.

I hatched eight queen-cells, just sealed,
by placing them in a box and putting the
box on the lid of a hive in one of the
huts, and just covering with a warm bag.
The rising heat was sufficient.

I obtained first prize for run honey at
the Bcchuanaland Show, and would not
have shown but for the good report of
mv honey in ycur journil. The judge
evidently knew what he was about. Cus-
+r(>mers seem to be taking to granulated
honey.

Do bees die on losing their etinss?—
[Yes. — Eds.]

The report of the case bringing in the
" Justinian " law seems very unjust,
though legal. It simply justifies tres-
pass. I suppose plaintiff should have
been charged with " trespass and dam-
age."— ^W. H. Edmunds.

South Staffordshire and District
Bee-Keepers' Association.

A meeting of thf; above Association was
held at Mr. E. H. Hipkins, Castle Mill
Farm Apiary, Tipfcon, on Saturday, June
5, 1920. There were about 100 members
and friends present, including Miss Wood-
cock (Mayoress of Smethwick), Mr. Joseph
Price (Stafford County Council expert),
Mr. E. C. Middleton, Strcetly, and other
prominent members of the bee-keeping
fraternity.

Mr. J. Price gave an interesting address,
advisinp" members to support the Apis
Club. The object of the club and its
monthly papci. The Bee World, was re-
search, instruction, and co-ordination in
all matters relating to bees and bee-
keeping. Dr. Abushady, the secretary
and editor, deserves the support, financial
and otherwise, of all bee-keepers to carry
on this valuable work to a successful
issue. At no time in the history of the
bee-keeping world have the objects he
has set out to attain been of more import-
ance, considering the great havoc the

disease known as " Isle of Wight " disease
has made and is making. No successful
remedy is known, and no ministry, insti-
tution or association is set aside for this
important duty. He valiantly, at con-
siderable personal expense, exhaustive
labour, and conspicuous ingenuity, has
formulated the club and edited the Bee
World for the first year of its existence,
and asks bee-keepers to help by joining
the club to keep it alive.

Mt. Price exhibited a metal comb foun-
dation as a substitute for wax founda-
tions. He said he did not think the metal
foundation perfect. More improvements
would have to be made as to its finish,
etc., and extensive trials are required to
see what effect the heat of the hive would
have upon the metal, and whether the
queens would take to it successfully. His
advice was, " Move slowly."

Mr. Middleton, Streetly, addressed the
meeting on wintering bees. Don't com-
mence too late in wintering. The hive
shotild be filled and capped with combs of
the very best honey ; the best is none too
good'. Do not extract too closely; leave
a quantity of shallow combs of honey for
food; pack the bees closely on good food.
Don't pack too warm; by doing so you
increase the deposit of damp, which may
not kill, but produces fungoid growths
and is unhealthy. Three or four quilts,
single, are quite sufficient, each quilt to
be a little less than thv3 one underneath.
Moisture must be absorbed; don'* paint
inside of hive — paint prevents absorption
and creates condei'Sation. Aim at venti-
lation and absorption. If in late autumn
bees are fed on sugar or honeydew, it
produces many waste products, which filll
tlie intestines of the bees with too much
waste, ar.d in the uncertain winter
weather they are unable to take a
cleansing flight, and suffer and die, or
evacuate in the hive and on the combs,
which spreads disease. In the event of
not having sufficient natural food in mid-
winter, don't use syrup; provide candy,
or, better still, a comb of sealed honey
placed on top of the frames. Bees fed on
sugar are not so strong in resisting
disease as those honey-fed. Bees do not
hibernate, strictly speaking; they slow
down. Best position of hive for winter-
ing is under north wall. Don't disturb
the brood when packed for wintering;
lei-73 severely alone. Disturbance makes
bees restless, and causes them to eat more
food. Perfect re;5t and quietness is what
is needed. Don't stimulate too early in
spring; what you gain in speed you lose
in resistance.

Mr. A. Cheshire, Coseley, gave a prac-
tical dp tticnct ratio -1 in manipulating the
open hives, the brood nest, and finding the
queen, pointing out the different stages

294

THE BRITISH BEE JDtTRNAL. Jiine IT, 1920.

of brood, from the egg in the cell to the
sealed brood and the perfect honey-bee,
Afany of the new members were much im-
pressed by hie cool and quiet manner in
handling the bees. He also gave a demon-
stration in making frames out of ordinary
box wood, with very simple tools of his
own construction. The finished; article
was handed round the company for in-
spection, and all were impressed with its
perfection and f'nif'h. These demonstia-
tions were highly interesting and instruc-
tive to bee-keepers young and old.

Mr. G. F. Stubbs, Wednesbury, ad-
dressed the meeting, taking for his sub-
ject " Bees and Gardeners." He said
everything in nature has a duty to per-
form; bees naturally are not only honey
gatherers, but do great work in ferti-
lising blossoms. Many fruit crops depend
to a great extent on bees for fertilisation ;
no fertilisation, no fruit. Flowers pro-
duced nectar to attract the insects, who in
obtaining it biiush off with' their bodies
some of the pollen; this is carried to the
next flower, brushed against the pistil,
and thus polliiiates. This cross-pollina-
tion is beneficial to plant and fruit. What
Nature has made special precautions to
ensure is brought about in a great mea-
sure by bees and other nectar-feeding
insects.

Mr. HiMreth', Smethwick, addressed
the meeting on " Dont's for beginners " :
Don't open the hive without some special
object. Don't neglect to make notes of
the condition of the hive at each inspec-
tion, that reference can be made to it.
Don't delay too long supering; better too
early than too late — it may prevent
swarming.

Mr. E. C. Hipkins exhibited a concrete
hiyo and explained the making of it. He
said_ the making of concrete hives was in
its infant stages, and required many im-
provements and testing before it could
be called a success. The probable outlay
would be more eypensiv© than wood, but
its life and wear would! be more pro-
longed.

Tho Secretary (Mr. W. J. TValton)
introduced _Miss Wcodcock (the Mayoress
of Smethwick), who said she was not a
bee-keeper, but had been interescod in
what had taken place and what she had
heard at this interesting meeting. She
might take up bee-keeping herself, and
then she would be able to give her own
experience.

A splendid tea was provided by Mr.
E. H. Hipkins and served at the apiary,
under the trees .skirting the historic castle
grounds. All expressed their great plea-
sure at the success of tho meeting and
congratulated Mr. Hipkins and tho secre-
tary on the arrarigements made. -^'Com-
ffiumcatev,.)

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. . No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Difficulties with " Isle of Wight "
Disease.

[10196] WiU you allow m© a little of
your space to record my agreement with
the point of view of Mr. E, C, Hipkins on
the subject of " A Beginner's DiflBculties
with ' Isle of Wight ' Disease."

I, also, am scarcely more than a begin-
ner, and went through a great deal of
contradictory literature in the hope cf
finding a guide —

" But evermore came out by that same
door wherein I went."

There exists a type of argument some-
what similar to those quoted by Mr. Hip-
kins, which I have met several times, and
which purports to account for loss of
stocks.

" Oh, dear no! " says this type of per-
son; " indeed, I assure you my bees werd
perfectly healthy ... no signs of disease
at all. . . . Well, no I I didn't open the
brood chamber last year, I was too busy . . .
but I can assure you there was no disease.
It was the wasps that killed my bees —
every one ! "

Well it is perhaps unnecessary to say that
strong stocks can generally take care of
themselves, if healthy, and are not likely
to be wiped out by wasps.

But as the wasps furnish a possible solu-
tion of the disappearance of the bees, they
are accepted as the true solution.

It seems to me that the trouble is not
only that these people are not good bee-
keepers, but that their logic is faulty.

If Messrs. Edwards and Stich will for-
give my saying so, I really think that
their reasoning is unsound in concluding
that " Isle of Wight " disease was de-
veloped by overwork in the cases they have
reported.

For consider. ... If a man works hard
at his office all day (missing his lunch)
and then puts in overtime after hours,
and on his return home sits up until the
small hours doing other work, and if after
some months of this he gets influenza and
dies . . . we do not say that this case
proves that influenza can be developed by
overwork; far less do we say that
the cause of influenza is overwork.
No, we simply say, '< Poor fellow, worked

June 17, 1920- THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

295

too hard — got run down and caught in-
fluenza." We do acknowledge, because we
so constantly have proof of it, that over-
work may seriously affect a man's health;
but it is most unwise to assume that what
is good or bad for a man may have a
similar effect on an insect.

For instance — men must sleep.

But must bees do so? In fact, do they
sleep ! !

I have never seen- any proof that a
queen's progeny are any the worse for their
mother having " worked " harder than
usual.

They work their queens hard enough
in America, yet " Isle of Wight " disease
has not devastated that country's bees.

The experience of such men as Sim-
mins (in England) is apparently all the
opposite way ; for he not only recommends
plenty of room for the queen, but advo-
cates "plumping," which seems to be an
intensive way of forcing a queen.

But then again can you force a queen, or
do you merely encourage her? You can
supply some queens with plenty of room
and not induce them to lay more quickly.

Let me once more associate myself with
Mr. Hipkins in his plea to bee-keepers not
to "confuse the issue." — H. A. P.
LiTTLEDALE (Major).

Beetles as Enemies of Bees.

[10197] I have never noticed beetles
mentioned as enemies of bees. Last
summer one of my stocks which
was on twenty standard -frames of
comb and which in the spring had
been very docile, suddenly became
exceptionally vicious, so much so that
manipulation was a most unpleasant task,
the least touch on the hive bringing forth
an angry crowd of " Deborahs " bent on
attack. This went on for several weeks,
and I contented myself with watching
them closely. I soon noticed that they
made a point of entering the hive only on
one particular side of the entrance, which
was opened to full width.

I determined that something would
have to be done, so I removed the top
brood box and commenced moving the
combs from the bottom brood chamber.
While doing this out ran an enormous
female stag beetle, the largest I have ever
seen, and, on examination of the combs,
I found one had been gnawed away to
such an extent that it was practically
useless. It took some time for the bees
to settle down again, hut they eventually
became quite manageable. I don't know
whether other bee-keepers have had
trouble with beetles, but I am fully con-
vinced that if a stock of bees which has
usually been quiet, becomes vicious, the
reason very often can be traced to some-
thing having upset them. Bees aeem to

have a good memory, and do not forgive
very readily. Best wishes to readers of
the " B.B.J." for a good season during
1920.— W. T. HowLETT, New Maiden.

A Correction.

[10198] Be 10080, 8/1/20, "What's
wrong with the craft."
" Perhaps you think, in stumbling on this

feast,
He flew into a passion, and in fact
There was no mighty reason to be

pleased ;
Perhaps you prophesy some sudden act.
The whip, the rack, the dungeon at tno

least,
To teach his people to be more exact;
And that, proceeding at a very high rate,
He show'd the royal penchants of a pirate,
You're wrong — He was the mildest man-
nered man
That ever scuttled ship or cut a throat.'^

Byron, 1821.
Gr. B.s rendering is by no means an
improvement on the original, and insult
is added to injury by ascribing the lines
to a iiKin who was not born until many
years later.

This is not bee-keeping, and I do not
ask of you to publish this letter, but as a
lover of Byron I cannot let it pass un-
corrected.—J. White, Secondee, West
Africa.

Dutch Bees and "Isle of Wight "
Disease.

[10199] Seven years ago Laindon had
the " bee fever " ; everyone was having
bees, hives to be seen everywhere ; soon
after one could see hives empty, and some
laid aside, some in the same place full of
dead bees and soiled honey and combs.
Isle of Wight disease was on a visit. I
counted seventeen bee-keepers who lost all
their stocks, mostly Italians. Not 100
yards away over the hedge were two hives
of Italians; they soon got it. My friend
told me my bees were turning them out.
I went round, and my Dutch bees had
taken full possession of their hives, and
brought the honey home. They were
turning dead bees out by the thousand.
Then they went to Honeypot Lane, and
took possession of three more diseased
hives, and turned out their dead, coming
home in droves. I was greatly upset, and
expected to lose my lot. I got more honey
than I knew what to do with at the time.
I dosed them with Izal — combs, bees, hives
and ground. T did not stint quantity,
I simply doused them — kill or cure. They
still kept lively, and sixty hives of bees
kept quite strong. I have supplied
Dutch hees for miles round here, and have
not heard of one loss from " Isle of
Wight " disease. Dutch work earljr an^

296

THE BRITISH BEE JOITRNAL. June 17, 1920.

late in the cold, while the Italians seem
afraid to move from the doors. By giving
two brood boxes and tiering up early 1
get as much as 140 lbs. surplus. TKis is
a very bleak place ; we get more wind
here than anywhere in England I should
think, but have had a mild winter and
no snow. — ^W. Green.

Virgil and Bees.

[10200] Mr. E. F. Hemming's re-
marks about Virgil should not pass un-
challenged. He seems to credit Virgil
with the belief that bees could be ob-
tained from decaying flesh. Surely it is
evident from the text of the Georgics
that Virgil is only relating an ancient
legend, without vouching for its truth,
and it is quite permissible for the author
of a didactic poem to introduce such
legends as a literary embellishment,
without in any way discrediting the more
serious part of his work.

With regard to " I.O.W." disease, I
think it is evident that some such disease
was present at the time, although Virgil
himself diagnoses the condition as
starvation. It should be noticed that the
remedy suggested is to feed the bees with
a decoction of honey and thyme, i.e.,
with a medicated syrup. (Bacterol, I be-
lieve, contains thymol among other ingre-
dients.) Clearly some condition of stock
dwindling was present in which experi-
ence had shown the advantage of a medi-
cated syrup over plain honey, and so,
one would judge, a disease rather than
starvation.

Certainly Virgil was rather wanting in
knowledge regarding swarming, but do
we know everything about swarming yet?
Obviously we cannot acclaim Virgil as an
authority on modern bee-keeping, but do
let us be kind — or at any rate just — to
the memory of one of the greatest bee-
masters of a bygone age, and hope for
equal consideration at the hands of pos-
terity, when the fallacies and ignorance
*of even up-to-date twentieth century bee-
keepers are exposed by the constant in-
crease of knowledge. — T. Turner
O'CalI/AGHan, Alperton, Middlesex.

Bees Building Comb Upwards.

[10201] As a novice in bee-keeping I
em much interested in this subject.
Early in March I examined a hive con-
taining a much depleted stock of bees.
I found the candy (4 lb.) placed on top
of a glass quilt nearly consumed, and
about 2 in. comb built up through the
round hole in the centre of the quilt.
I cleared it away, and placed another
1 lb. cake of candy over the hole, only to
find in one week that more than three
parts of the candy had been consumed,

and a good piece of fresh comb had been,
reared up in its place. For the second
time I removed the comb, and gave
another pound of candy, but they have
again erected an edifice of comb contain-
ing honey between what remains of the
two cakes of candy.

I hope they will set about filling the
sections — which I shall place for them as
my next move — as industriously as they
have worked on their unwanted comb. —
J. Sutherland.

Uniting Bees.

[10202] May I bring before the
r^otice of youir readers a simple
plan I have adopted for many years
for uniting stocks? I place a stout
sheet of brown-paper over the brood
chamber next the frames, or two
sheets of newspaper, place the brood
chamber or shallow frame box to be
united on. the top, cover up securely and
leave them. When the bees have eaten
their way through the paper, they have
made friends. I have never had any loss
of bees by this plan, and the bees require
no after attention except to remove the
remains of the paper if it is wished to save
the bees the trouble of doing it them-
selves.— E. Gordon (Miss.)

[The method given by Miss Gordon is
not so well known as it might be. It will
be found very useful when colonies have
to be united, and it is for any reason not
possible, or advisable, to adopt the usual
plan of flouring both lots. Some bee-
keepers make a few holes through the
paper with a fine knitting needle. — Eds.]

Re Bees Disappearing.

[10203] Reading in the British Bee
Journal of May 27, the notes of Mr. Geo.
M. Rosling under the above heading,
perhaps it will be interesting to him and
also to other bee-keepers who have had
similar experience with their bees, to have
my opinion as to what might have been
the cause of death of the bees.

Mr, Rosling says that he wintered his
bees with syrup and candy, when it is to
be distinctly understood that no feeding
of any kind is to be done in winter ;
remember dear readers that the bees are
to be left severely alone in the dead
season.'

I always feed my bees in September
sufficient to last until the next honey
flow. A little stimulative feeding is done
earlier if necessary, and by the end of the
month I finish off all feeding and pack
them up snugly for the coming winter,
and they are then left with as little dis-
turbance as possible till the following
spring.

I have wintered successfully all my
stocks this year, and I have never h^ad

June ir, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOITRNAL.

297

tlLem all so forward, altliough Carmartlien-
fiihire is not a-s a rule a very .early
diiSfcrict like those in the South of
England. — D, Jones, Maeserch Apiary,
Llanfilangel-ar-Arth.

The Difficulties of Italian
Queen Breeders.

[10204] About a fortnight ago I had
the pleasure of visiting the apiaries of,
Mr. E. Penna, of San Rufillo, Bologna,
and Mr. Gaetano Piana, of Castel San
Pietro, and along with three other Eng-
lish friends I had a delightful time in-
specting the hives in which are reared
the excellent queens these gentlemen are
sending to this country.

We met with the greatest courtesy, and
no trouble was cpared to make our visit
to these apiaries interesting and instruc-
tive.

The main object in sending you this
letter is to place before the many readers
of the B.B J . the state of things exist-
ing in Italy at the present time and the
difficulties with which these gentlemen
have to contend to see that the queens
arrive safely in England and to answer
correspondence.

It may not be known to some of your
readers that fo.' a long time a Post
OfSce strike was in force in Italy,
and the postal servants simply went to
their posts and obstructed all work, with
tho result that many letters from Eng-
land arrived a nconth after they were
sent off. Mr. Piana especially was very
grieved to receive a letter from a corre-
spondent in England, simultaneously with
another letter, con plaining that he had
written aad had received no reply, natu-
rjilly leading the correspondent to think
that the matter was neglected or shelved ;
but I can assure your readers that the
facts are as stated above, and I have no
doubt vour Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall, who
I believe has since visited those apiaries,
will confirm all that I have said.

The integrity of these gentlemen is un-
questionable, and their sole desire is that
every queen sent out should give the
utmost satisfaction.

"'^''hen the strike was in progress Mr.
'Penna took the trouble to send, a special
messenger from Bologna to Switzerland
with consignments of queens, and had
them posted thefj so that chere might b^
no delay and that they might arrive safely.

To describe all we saw this letter would
have to be extended very considerably, and
I ap<>logiso for taking up your valuable
space. — John Rae.

[We are pleased to publish Mr. Rae's
letter, as we know that all the Italian
queen rearers have had great difficulties
to contend with. The above will explain
any delay in receiving the queens. — Eds.]

Skep Making.

[10205] I was rather, amused at the
description (or should I say instructions)
of how to make a Straw Skep, in the issue
of B.B.J, for May 27.

I am not a skep maker, but being a
basket maker, havei some knowledge of
lapping and binding, as we use the same
methods in our trade. And with your
permission, would like to add to the
instructions already given.

First then, as to the material for bind-
ing the straw in shape, a blackberry cane
is all right, no doubt, but it isn't pro-
curable by everybody, neither is it easy
to cut and handle by everybody. But to
those who will try it, the way to get rid
of the prickles, is to pinch one end in a
gate or door, then run a hair pin shaped
stick up and down it. But preferable
to the blackberry cane in every way is
cane, as used for chair seating, any or
most basket makers can supply it, and
though cane is very dear at present,
quite enough could be purchased for about
Is. 6d. to make one or two skeps. Ask
for No. 3 or 4 chair cane, and when
using it, if it is somewhat stiff, put it in
hot water for about 5 or 10 minutes
before using.

Secondly, to start the skep, the best way
is to start on a hoop 3 in. in diameter,
get a small willow or hazel stick from the
hedge, and turn a hoop, or get the basket
maker to turn you one in cane or willow,
he will do it for a few pence, and then on
the hoop start to lap the straw. Always
start the base of the reed first, and add in
the same way. If the straw is slightly
damp when using, it will be found to "lie "
(a trade term) quite nicely and properly.
To make the holes for the cane, a good
smooth wood skewer is as good as any-
thing, if greased with a little bees wax.

The great secret of successful skep
making, is to keep the roll of straw as you
proceed of the same diameter, neither,
larger nor smaller, Or your work will be
"gouty" and the resultant skep anything
but pleasant to behold. Wheat straw is
mostly used, but the French use Rye
straw, which grows anything up to 5 ft.
in length. — R. Litman.

Bee Shows to Come.

June 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Royal

Agricnitnral Society's Show. Be« and Hon«y
Section, under the direction of the B.B.K.A. Prizes
arranged in ftroups of counties for Aesoclatlone
affiliated to the B.B.K.A. Schedules from The
Secretary, 23, Bedford Btreet, Strand. W.C.t.
Entries closed.

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.— Roy«l Horti>
cultural Society's Show The Glamorgan B.K.A.,
In conjunction with R.H.S.. offer prizes for Honey,
Wax, Bees, and Appliances. Members, Novice*,
and Open Classes. Schedules. Mr. Wiltshire,
Malndy Bohool, Cardiff. Sntrlee close June 22.

298

THE BRITISH BEE JOTJRNAL. June 17, 1920.

July 14.— Wickham Bishops and District Bee-
keepers' Co-operative Association. Group 2.— Open
to bee-keepers resident in Essex. Class 79. — Four
Sections ; 1st prize, 76. 6d. ; 2nd, 5s. Class 80. — 1 lb.
Extracted Honey; 1st prize, 5s.; 2nd, 3s. Class 81.
—1 lb. of Wax (in 2-oz. cakes), Ist prize, 5s.; 2nd,
3s. Group 3.— For bee-keepers' resident in the
British Isles. Class 82.— 1 lb. glass jar of 1920 Run
or Extracted Honey; 1st prize, 20s.; 2nd prize,
10s. 6d. Exhibits in Class 82 to be the property
of the Association, and to be given to hospitals
in County of Essex. Entrance fee 6d. per class.
Rules for exhibiting on back of entry form.— All
entries to be sent to C. W. Cockburn, Hon. Sec,
Meadow Bank, Wickham Bishops, Witham, Essex.
Entries close July 2.

July 15 and 16, at Grimsby.— Lincolnshire
Agricultural Society. Show of Bee Appliances,
Honey, Sections, Wax. etc., under the manage-
ment of the Lines B.K.A. Open and County
Classes. Valuable prizes.— Schedules from Major
Hadfield, Alford, Lines. Entries close June 12.

July 17, at Guildford.— Guildford and Dis-
trict Bee-keepers' Association. Members and Open
Classes.- Schedules and prize list from Rev. E. C.
Pitt-Johnson (Hon. Sec), Heatherwood, Pirbright,
Surrey. Entries close July 3.

July 20 to 23, at Aberdeen.- Highland and
Agricultural Society. Classes for Bee Appliances
and Honey. Premiums £53 10s. Half of Prize
Money and Silver and Bronze Medals contributed
by the Scottish Bee-keepers' Association.- Entry
forms from John Stirton, Secretary, 3, George IV.
Bridge, Edinburgh.

July 21, at Broughton, Hants.— Open

Classes: Single 1-lb. Bottle, Single Section; prizes,
20s., 15s., 10s.— Schedules from Chas. Hoare,
Broughton, Hants.

July 21, Wyke and Normandy Horticul-
tural Society.— Honey Classes (Open). Best
three sections, 5s., 3s., 2s.; Run Honey, light, 3
1-lb. glass jars, 5s., 3s., 2s.; Run Honey, dark, 3
1-lb. glass jars, 5s., 3s., 2s. Entrance fee, 6d.— Par-
ticulars, H. L. Mumford, Hon. Sec, Heatiherside,
Normandy, Guildford.

July 28, at Blandford.— The Blandford and
District Horticultural Society are holding a Show
of Fruit, Vegetables, Flowere, and Honey in the
Park, adjoining the Crown Meadow, Blandford.
Prizes for honey by the Dorset B.K.A. for mem-
bers of the Association.— Schedules from C. 6.
Bone (Dorset Bee-keepers' Association), County
Education Office, High West Street, Dorchester.

Monday and Tuesday, August 2 and 3, at

Newport.- Monmouthshire Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Annual Show (in connection with the New-
port Allotment Holders' Association). Members
and Open Classes.— Schedules (post free 3d.) from
Hon. Sec, " Underwood," Portskewett, near
Chepstow, Monmouthshire. Entries close
July 26.

August 4, at Shedfield, Hants, in conjunc-
tion with the Shedfield Horticultural Society's
Show, Hants and Isle of Wight Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciations. Rwanmore and Bitterne Branches.
Classes for Comb and Extracted Honey.- Schedules
from the Hon. Sec, A. F. Hardy, Esq., The
Palace House, Bishop's Waltham, Hants.

August 7, at Barnstaple.- Barnstaple and

District Horticultural Exhibition, to be held in
the Market Hall. Five Open Classes for Honey.—
Schedules from Hon. Secretary, 19, Grosvenor
Street, Barnstaple.

August 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal prizes.
—Schedules from Mr. P. J. J. Stacey, 3. Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

August 14, at lilanelly.— Carmarthenshire
B.K.A. Show, in connection with the Llanelly and
District Horticultural Society's Show. Liberal
prizes (nearly £15) offered for Honey, Wax,
and Appliances. 15 Clae.'ies (7 Open).— Schedules
from R. Lloyd Roberts, London Joint, City and
Midland, Llanelly. Entries close August 6.

Saturday, August 28, at Hinckley.—
l/elcoswrBhlre and Rutland Bee-k«opera' Asaoflla*

tion, in connection with Hinckley Flower Show. —
Open Classes for Honey, Sections and Jars. Prizes,
12s. 6d., 7s. 6d., and 4s. 6d. in each class. Judge,
J. Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.— Schedules from A.
Kimbrell, Esq., Clarendon Road, Hinckley.
Entries close August 23.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Will advertisers please read these Rules care-
fully in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as "BnsU
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per Jin., or 58. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are tmly in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that ar« reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of. 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
Wisertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free o/
charge.

PRIVATE ADVEBTISEIIXENTS.

WANTED, " Little Wonder " Extractor in good
working order. State price.— Brushwood,
Newbury. f.92

HONEY EXTRACTOR and Ripener, new iSmoker,
and other Accessories; giving up.— WHIT-
TING, Langstone Avenue, Havant. Hants. f.93

SWARMS, 360-lb. strain, 35s., carriage paid;
boxes to be returned. To clear, good Light
Honey, 28-lb. tin, 36s., carriage paid.— BUTLER,
West Road, Histon, Cambs. f.94

GOOD Second Swarms, 360-lb. strain, 25s., cax-
riage paid; boxes to be returned; 6-frame
Stock, 60s., carriage paid; boxes to be returned. —
BUTLER, West Road, Histon, Cambs. f.96

FOR SALE, five Lee's Holborn Hives, clean and
healthy, quantity Section Racks, Tin Dividers,
new Frames in the Flat, Brood Foundation, Labels
for jars, new 56-lb. Tins, 13 x 14-lb. Tins.—
CHARTER, Tattingstone. f.96

TWO strong Stocks of Italian Hybrids on eight
frames, filled with brood and store, guaran-
teed healthy, £4 each, carriage paid; boxes 7s. 6d.
extra, returnable. Deposit system if desired.—,
MAY, "Lyncroft," South Nutfield, Surrey. f.97'^

GEARED EXTRACTOR, 40j.; strong Stock
Special Bees, £5.— SWORDER, Waverley,
Milverton, Somerset. f.98

TWO good Stocks on 8 frames, 70s. each; box,
returnable, lOs.-^FRANCIS, Kumella. Shoe-
buryness. f.99

UTCH VIRGIN QUEENS. 4s. 6d.; fertile,

8s. 6d., from Countv Restocking Apiary. —

ANDREWS, Expert, 78a, Wcstgate, Peterborough.

f.lOO

•^PHREB nearly new Uncapping Knives, 3a. 9d.,
J- postage 6d. each; Subjugator, as new, 4s. See
Trade Advert, for B«fr5.— W. WOODS. Normandy,
near Gulldfordi. tM

June 17, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

299

OVERPLUS— Three pounds Dadants' Thin Sec-
tion Foundation, splendid condition, 10s. 6d.,
carriage paid.— FLOWEii, Owslebory, Winchester.

f.l02

FOR SALE, two "Rotax Roadlight 267" self-
contained Acetylene Motor Headlights, very
powerful, £6 the pair; one Exhaust Whistle, 10s.;
one Wood-Milne Motor Poot Pump, 40s.— W.
HERROD-HEMPSALL, Old Bedford Road, Luton,
Beds.

FOR SALE.— Having sold most of my bees, have
several Hives for Sale from 15s. to 25s. each,
also several boxes of Shallow Frames, drone
combs drawn out, 96. per crate complete, or Is.
each frame; also several Section Crates, 3s. each,
or filled with sections with drawn-out combs or
sheets of foundation, 5s. per crate. All of these
hives and fittings are clean and free from disease.
— GRIFEIN, Brook Farm, Colnbrook, Slough,
Bucks. f.l03

WANTED, strong Swarm or Stock of pure
Italian Bees; guaranteed. — MONTAGU
TURNOR, Halton, Spilsby. f.l04

WANTED, by experienced man, situation as
Manager apiary or bee department of nursery
or fruit farm.— Particulars, " J.," Box 89. B.B.J.
Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. f.l05

FOR SALE, two 10-frame Stocks Italian Bees,
£5 each; one 7-frame ditto, £3 10s.; never had
any disease in apiary; box 10s. returned, less car-
riage.—Box 90, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street,
W.C.2. f.l06

DUTCH CROSS, wonderful workers. Swarms £2,
carriage paid; box returnable.— ALBERT
COE, Apiarist, Ridgewell, Halstead, Essex. f.l07

SPLENDID new White Clover Honey, £10 per
cwt.; sample 6d.; tins to be returned. —
ALBERT COE, Apiarist, Ridgewell, Halstead,
Essex. f.l08

STOCK of Dutch Bees in good hive, 70s.; good
Swarm of Hybrids, taken June 1, in skep,
30s.; two well-made W.B.C. pattern Hives, also
two Section Racks, one complete, 70s.— H. KEITH
MURRAY, Paultons, near Romsey. Hants. f.l09

FINEST HONEY SECTIONS, prime Swarms,
also small Swarms. 1920 Queen; marked
immunity from disease. Particulars, stamp.—
NORTH, Cressing, Braintree, Essex. f.UO

SWARMS, Italian Hybrids, 1919 Queens, Penna's
selected strain, disease res'isting, established on 6
frames. 456.; boxes 10s. returnable. New season's
Honey, in bulk, jars or pots, £9 cwt.; pots extra.
— STIMSON, The Apiary, Bradfield. Berks, f.lll

SWARMS, healthy, strong, ready for despatch,
32s., carriage paid; boxes returnable.—
PULLEN, Ramsbury, Hungerford. f.ll2

HYBRID ITALIANS, strong stock, 10 frames,
ready for supering, very gentle, absolutely
healthy, -£5; expert's certificate; delivered free by
hand anywhere near London. Also smaller lots.—
REDDIE, Cliff Cottage, Leigh, Essex. f.11'3

THREE STOCKS on 10 frames for Sale, £4
each; travelling box lOe., returnable.— C.
WOODCOCK, Molefields, Godalming. f.ll4

SEVERAL surplus Stocks of Italian and Hybrid
Bees for Sale, 10 frames (Penna strain),
£4 17s. 6d., carriage paid; 10s. on box, returned
on receipt. Inspection invited.— H. OBORNE,
25, Guest Road, Bishopstoke, Hants. r.f.68

A FEW strong Stocks of guaranteed healthy
Bees, in hivee complete, 5 gs.— WIGGINS,
1, Swinderby Road, Wembley. f.43

WARMS. ITALIAN HYBRIDS.— Several for

Sale. What offers?— Particulars apply SMITH

^Gardener), Hook Farm, Aldingbonime, Chichester.

f.l7

A FEW LOTS of good, healthy Bees on from
6 to 8 standard frames, 8s. per frame; travel-
ling box to be returned.— WEIGHT, Waterworks,
Sutton Poyntz, near Weymouth. r.f.28

BEES.— Good Stocks May Swarms in, skeps,
hives, extractors, and all appliances to be
cleared at once. Stamp for list. No disease.-
STEEL, West Ashling, Chichester. r.f.29

CORRESPONDENCE COURSES in Bee-keeping.
— H. B. NEWTON, Brown House, Barion-on-
Sea, Hants. r.daST

FOR SALE, Cottage Extractor, Smoker, 50
Shallow Frames fitted foundation. Super
Clearer, two Queen Excluders, five Shallow Frame
Boxes, etc., at bargain price. Stamp particulars.—
PINCH, 132, Liverpool Road. Watford, Herts.

f.ll6

SMALL APIARY for Sale, consisting of three
strong Stocks of Bees, two Italian Hybrids,
one Italian, on 10 frames supered; three W.B.C.
Hives, Extractor, Clearer, Excluders, Skep, Knife,
Embedder, Feeder, etc—Offers to J. JAQUES, 66,
Grove Road, Wanstead, E.ll. f.l31

TWO NUCLEI, 4 frames, Italian-Dutch, 1920
Queen, immediate delivery, 55s.; vigorous,
healthy and proUfic; 10s. on box.— ETHERING-
TON, Pulham Market, Norfolk. f.l21

BUSINESS ADVERTISEMEITTS.
l^d. per word.

DUTCH BEES, Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthes), Nuclei, "Queens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.— Buy direct from Sole Agent, WHYTE. Bee
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire. b.61

NUCLEI (good hybrids), 1920 Queens; 3 frames,
37s. 6d.; 4 frames, 45s.; box 7s. 6d., return-
able.^J. FOOKS, Normandy, Guildford. f.ll5

QUEENS (about 40) sold, may have five more
mated this week, 6s. each; five more Swarms,
7s. 6d. per lb., minimum 4 lbs. Hurry up your
boxes; must get them away. Only four Skeps left,
20s. to 35s. each, according to strength. Purchaser
of two gets a Penna 1919 Queen given. Nuclei all
sold.— THOMAS, Causeway, Burwell, Cambs. f.56

HIVES, W.B.C, machine-made, standard, imme-
diate delivery, painted one coat, ruberoid
top, oak legs, first-class make; cash with order 65s.
delivered in Birmingham, otherwise carriage for-
ward.- ARCHER'S, Joiners, Albert Road, Hands-
worth, Birmingham. f.ll9

SWARMS for Sale at 76. 6d. per lb.; also Nuclei
on frames. 7s. 6d. per frame.- WILCOX,
Dyke, Bourne. f.l22

DUTCH, DUTCH-ITALIAN 4-frame Nuclei,
only a limited number for disposal, delivery
now, £3 3s., cash with orders, carriage paid.
Numerous letters from well satisfied customers of
this fine disease-resisting strain, Dutch-Italian
Hybrids. Don't look at the price. You will be
well satisfied.— SEALE, Ashley Cottage, Oatlande
Drive, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. f.l23

NORVIC BEE CURE.— The only sure and
effectual remedy for all bee diseases; quart.
10s.; § gallon, 186.; gallon, 30s.; carriage pald.--
TROWSE, Hygienic Apiculturist, Eade Road,
Norwich. f.l24

4-FRAME NUCLEI, Italian Hybrids, June
delivery, 50s.; box 10s., returnable.— ERNEST
GRIFFITHS, Helsby, Cheshire. f.l25

ITALIAN COLONIES, Simmins' and Penna
strains.— No more orders for colonies. A few
more Nuclei offered at 45s., 3 frames certain.
Members of Middlesex Bee-keepers' Association
5 per cent, discount.— R. E. BABBAOE, 33, White-
stile Road, Brentford. r.f.l33

30O

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 17, 1920.

THE FLAVINE TREATMENT.— la 1917 we
worked out a simple, cheap, and ia many
cases an effective treatment for the " crawling "
disease in bees. We have distributed the diTug
and directions gratis ever since. We have never
claimed it to be a " cure," and you are nothing
out of pocket by giving it a trial.— S. H. SMITH,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. f.l20

ITALIANS.— Queens, 6s.; virgins, '36. Stamp.—
HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup. f.ll8

3-ERAME NUCLEI, 32s. 6d., with 1930 fertile
Queen; good Stocks on 8 standard frames, 60s.,
with hives 90s.; boxes 5s., returnable; good Swarms
from 26s.— W. WOODS, Normandy, near Guild-
ford. • f.l26

RE-QUEEN with a "Lazenbee" prolific Italian.
Fertile, 10s.; virgin. 5s.— YOUNG, One
Hundred Elms Apiary, Central Eoad, Sudbury,
Middlesex. r.f.l27

FOR SALE, fertile Queens, hybrids, 7s. 6d., and
Penna strain, 10s. 6d., post free.— ASH-
WORTH, The Bungalow, Weymouth Street. War-
-minster. • f.l28

STRONG DUTCH BEES for Sale, 3 to 10 frames,
10s. 6d. per frame, carriage paid; cash with
order; travelling box to be returned. Deposit
system if preferred.— MUNRO, Drakies Cottage,
Inverness. r.f.l30

TTALIAN HYBRID BEES (immediate delivery),
-i- disease-resisting strain, 1920 Queens, 4-frame
Nuclei, 45s.; travelling box 10s., returnable; Stocks
from 10- to 20-frame at 8s. 6d. per frame.—
STARKEY, 55, Stafford Rd., Brighton. r.f.l34

THREE STOCKS of Italians on 10 frames, ready
for supering, £4; Nuclei, 10s. per frame: boxes
charged, returnable.— HENSLEY, 24. Queen's
Road, Luton, Chatham. r.f.l29

J_-FRAMB NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
^t Queen, 50s.; box charged 10s., returnable;
6-frame Stocks, 70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 90s. Imme-
^iiate delivery. All guaranteed free from disease.
—LEE, Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess Hill
Sussex. r.f.77

f*-FRAME STOCKS in bar-frame hives at £5
\J each, free on rail; Italian fertile Queens,
lOs. 6d. each. Daily deliveries.— LEE, "Little
Bowden Apiary," Burgess Hill, Sussex. r.f.78

TTALIAN NUCLEI, 3 frames, packed with brood
-I. and bees, carriage paid. £2 15s.; cash with
order; box 10s.. returnable. Satisfaction guaran-
teed, or money returned. Fertile Queens, Ifls. 6d.:
virgins, 5s -E. H. TUNMER. "Chalfonts." Leis-
ton, Suffolk. j_g4

TMMEDIATE DELIVERY. - 3-f rame Nuclei,
J- Italian Hybrids, 1920 fertile Queens, 456 car^
riage paid; box 5s., returnable.-EVANS. Latti-
ford, Wmcanton, Somerset. f.87

J_-PRAME NUCLEI, with Italian or Englisn

-rr^JH-^S^"^' ^^■'' returnable box, lOs.: Queens 10s

-HOLLINGSWORTH, Heanor. v^^^^^s. i(«.

IVrUCLEI, 3-frame, £2 10s.; 4-frame, £3 6s.;

SKINNER, Oaks, Mickleover, Derby. f.32

■pENNA specially picked me a 1919 beauty, now
tnJYv!^^ °*fJ"^y 3,000 eggs daily. Spare Virgins
irom this mother 4s. by return, or money back-

SKl!' Doncastg^^'^"-" ^^^^'<^'^" Grammar

TTALIAN QUEENS DIRECT FROM ITALY.-

Tfl M„i??°'J.^' Bologna. Italy.-Mr. S. H. Smith,
«50. Maid 8 Causeway, Cambridge, has bought all

^I^LZi i ^^™' ^" ^^^ ^fi^ens will be sent by
^doS/^JTk'*"^''"- ^.^o "ot ^oW myself
J^'n^i^i.* ♦ ^^^ i^^ ^^^^ *hat are not sent by
me direct from Bologna to customers.

1 Q9n FERTILE Golden Italian Queens,
.LU^i\J guaranteed imported direct from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, lis. each;
specially selected, 15s.— GOODARE, New Cross,
Wednesfield. f.59

ISSES PALING & PILLANS.-Orders booked
for strong three-frame Nuclei with pure
Italian Penna Queens or home-reared Queens from
best selected Italian strains, £3; choice home-bred
Italian Queens, 12s.; Virgins, 6s., four for 208.—
Golden Square, Henfield, Sussex. e.l01

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time Be«
Flarmer.— Terms on application to C. B.
BARTLETT, Sandford Mount, Oharlbuxy, Oxon.

dJUT

AVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?

If not, why not? Every number in Itself is
ft nsefnl literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— OfBces : THE APIS OLUB,
Port Hili House, Benaon, Oxon.

SLB OP WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

use the solution that cures; as. per bottle. —
E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Conledon. r.d.l49

ORDERS booked for 3-frame Nuclei, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, etc. List for
stamped, addressed enevlope.— H. CBACKNELL,
Mount Road, Thundersley, Essex. r.d.27

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold &t the jprie«
osually charged for untested queens.— C»ta-
logiue from fi. fiTIOH, fiiccartabar Avenae.
P»isley. rx.ll6

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy*

Address :

Signor Gaetano Plana,
Castel San Pietro,
near iBologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiarr
and methods employed, with whida
he is perfectly satisfied,

PBICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,

9/- each queen.
Can take no more orders for June & July. Booked up.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompaiiy
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " BJB.J."
Oflfice.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ." and
"B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand. London, W.C.2.
Cheques payable to ' British Bee JournaL"

SCIENTIFIC QUEEN REARING.

BEST

In the world.

Every

appliance and

instructions.

Send for

KAT-A-LOG

MEADOWS

SYSTON.
Near LEICESTER.

June IT, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJIiyAIi.

Ill

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Get a< Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings. LONDON. E.C.2.

HIVES AND APPLIANCES.

Immediate Dispatch. Quality O.K.

Write for Prices.

ANDREWS & CO..

Joinery and Carving Works,
78a, WESTGATE, PETERBOROUGH.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. HElUtOD-HiaCPSAIJ., 83, Bedford
Street, Strand, Xrf>ndon, W.C.8.

6i

RACTERO! "

FOR BEES

2/6 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive ofj

" Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MENLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

39, Farringdon Road, London. E.C 1.

PREPARE FOR EXTRACTING.

Tke quickest, cleanest and most efficient on the market is the " BAIRD " EXTRACTOR,
which extracts from BOTH SIDES of the COMB simultaneously.

Particulars from G. S. BAIRD, 1, HURST ROAD, ERITH, KENT.

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

|U/vnr|llipin]k| Colonies and Nuclei from Bovven's Cotswold Apiaries are still

nimUlllilffi available. Buy Now to Secure the Heather Crop.

BEE MEN ^^"'^^'^^ ^^''-

UlZil^j lYllZii^ i^j- ^ ^ BO WEN, Bee & Honey Specialist, CHELTENHAM

Goldens.

Fertile Queens, 12/6 each.
Mismated Queens, 10/6 each.

Our Guinea Gold Queens are quiet, healthy, hardy,
splendid workers and a lovely colour, they produce
Golden workers and Golden drones, they are bred from
stock that has never had " Isle of Wight " disease.

Strong 3 frame Nuclei with 1920 ^
Golden Queens, 63/- carriage paid.
D. ALLBON & CO., Sunnyside Apiaries, HITCHIN

POSITIVE FACTS,

Jtoie loth, 1920.
I am x'ery pleased with your foundation, the aroma is right and I find the bees take
to it before any other sort. — Yours faithfully, R. B. Manley.

■ ' lUuel rated Lists free bi/ pofit.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent

IT

THE BBITISH BEE JQURNAIi. June 17, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

** Everything for an Apiary,**
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY .

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

'^^ Cee's Bee Supplies. |

In design, material and workman- )l(

ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain Yf

the reputation of being your best and W

safest investment. ' O

a a a Q

q Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA- W

LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the fi

most up-to-date hives and appliances M

for which the House of Lee is famous. ^^

a a a ^X

We regret the necessity of having }l(

to advise our Customers that owing W

to the increased cost of production, all W

prices in 1920 price list are subject to O

10% increase. The increase will not M

apply to orders received before May 10. M

Five per cent discount to Members of 0
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex. 5

rrelegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telepbone : Uxbridge 181.) W

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

S|d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

1 very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manufacture of bu-
apiiiaiuxe. and therefore my prices u>iU be advanced 10% from May 10th. Books excepted.

Peikted By THE Avcxn Peess (L. Uboott Giu. & Son, Ltd.), 66-67, DEUEy Lanb, London, W.C, and

POUIBHED FOR TBI PeOPBIITOK (W. HbEEOD-HbHPBALL), By BlUPEIN, MiBSBAU, HaUILTON,

Kent A Co., Ltd., 30. & Si, Patesnobtea Bow. £.C.

BsiruH Bn Jouenu. inb Bn-cnmi' Adtiub, Tnne 24, 1920.

JUL 261920

^118 ftnd* JLHenod- 1 i OkV^ekly Joumsi Devoted M)//-j*5rAiv/^«BfTS

0m^m

cuai*

No. 1983. Vol. XLVIII

JUNE 24, 1920.

CPwb/itA«tf MMV rfctir«d«v. VrU* 8«.

co>fa?Eivfrs.

Seasonable Hints

Notice to Advertisers

Royal Show Fund

A Dorset Tarn

JorriNGS PROM Hdntingdonshieb ..

The Apis Club

Keeping QuaTS Clear op Propolis
Notes on Bee-Keepinq

PAGE

201
»)1
"301
302
303
304
305
305

PAOB

The Bath and West Show 306

British B.K.A. 506

Monmouthshire B.E.A 307

CoRSHAM B.K.A 307

Correspondence —

Two Eggs in One Shell 308

Fraternity Among Bee-Keepers 808

Notices to Correspondents 308

Bee Shows to Come 308

WRITE FOR

FREE CATALOGUE

WITH

INSTRUCTIONS

FOR BEGINNERS.

AS MY

ARE THE

FOUNDATION OF SUCCESS

SO IS SUCCESS

MADE CERTAIN

MY

BY

E H. TAYLOR

WELWYN,

HERTS.

Telephone: 13 WELWYN.

u

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 24, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Bbtiblishid 1873.

k Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests o2 Bee-keepers.

::ditea by t. w. cowajt, f.i..s., scc,

and J. HEBJROD-KEJUIPSAIiIi, TJi.S.

Obprespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., ehould be
addressed, ** Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communicationB and matters
relating to subacriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the '* Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SalMerlptiOllS. - Annaal Subscription,
lOs. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2id. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envd.ope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the papeor.

Noti. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
i^wsCys be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult, to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Honey. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Giieques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 28.
Halfpennjf stamps are preferred.

jScottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing th^n.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer co-respondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers ia the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yoa are advised to insist on this bein£ used when
dealing with strangers.

Bales and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Gtoods fihoold not be despatohed until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this ofGce.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the iponey
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be efiFected. we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a ciarge of aj
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders ejid
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Poetal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
T»e return the amount deposited, after makin^f the
same deduction. By this means buyers and, aell«ra
are secured against f rand.

2. Deposits.— Poetal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempeall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The nnmberB of
the Poetal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur ift transit.

3. Boney on Approval.— AU bon^ will b« soUi
by sample, which must be eenit direct to bny^.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering:, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Ciauee 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by iiie vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.- The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carnage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Postage
A MCoderu Bee Tarm ... ... 7/6 ... 8id.

Advanced Bee Culture

(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 6id.

Beginner's Bee Boob (Pellett) 5/- ... 4d.
BSE-KEEFING SIMFIiIFZED

FOB THB COTTAGEIt AlTD

smai.i.hoi:.di:b (W. Eee&od-

Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/. ... 2d.

IBEB-KEEFERS' FBACrtlCAI.

NOTB BOOK (T. W. Cowan> 1/- ... 2d.
BBITISK BEEi • XEBFEBS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)
Bissectible Model of Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTILISATION OF FBUIT

BIiOSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Fifty Years Among the Bees

(MrLLER) 6/- ... Sid.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 .., Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) -/2 ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock) 5/- ... 4td.

Management of Out Apiaries 3/- ... 2d.
FoUination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hoopee, F.R.H.S.) ./6 ... Id.
FBOBUCING, FREPABING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE FRODUCE (W.

Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Froductive Bee-keeping (Pel-

lett) 10/6 ... 8id.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing

<Doolittle) 4/- ... 3id.

The Bee-keepers' Vade Mecum

(Geaey) 2/6 ... 2d.

Snelgrove's Method of Be-

Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.
Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- v.. Id.

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.
Maeterlinck's Xife of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.
The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TicKNER Edwardes) 2/- ... 2id.

THE BEE WORLD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Cldb, '

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... IJd.

Britisli Bee Jonmal & Record Office,

23. Bedford Stbbbf, stbamd, Lomdoit, W.O.t. '

June 24, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

301

Seasonable Hints.

From reports to hand conditions vary
very much in difEerent districts. ^ In some,
bees are storing honey freely, in others
none is coming in. We are fortunate in
being among the first named. The weather
has been warm and close, plenty of sun-
shine, and more or less heavy showers at
fairly frequent intervals, and as ^ result
the white clover is blooming abundantly
and scenting the air around. Under
these conditions bees need plenty of super
room if honey is being worked for. Where
the objective is increase it enables nuclei
tj be formed fairly rapidly, as queens
are laying well, and the warmth and pros-
perity are especially favourable to the
rearing of young queens.

In some districts clover and sainfoin in
quantities to be of service to the bees, are
conspicuous by their absence, and the
lime trees are depended upon for surplus.
Enough honey will be coming in from
mixed sources to keep breeding up, and as
there is not enough to cause the brood
combs to be choked with honey, the queens
have plenty of room to lay, and in a
short time the hives contain a large popu-
lation. Unless the bee-keeper is on the
look-out, the bees will, under these con-
ditions, swarm as soon as anything like
a. honey flow comes. Plenty of super room
should be given; any queen that is very
prolific must have more space for egg
laying. Nuclei for queen rearing may be
made, or an extra set of combs given,
either standard or shallow as circum-
stances may dictate, as an extra brood
chamber. Those who kept notes of the
behaviour of their stocks last season and
kept the best queens for breeding this
year will now be able to reap the advan-
tage of these records, rearing both queens
and drones from selected stocks. The
nuclei for hatching and mating tlie young
queen may be made from any stock that
can spare the combs and brood, the queen
cells being given from the selected stock.
Care should be taken to destroy all cells
started in the nuclei by the bees them-
selves. When searching for queen cells
at any time it is advisable to shake the
bees from the combs, or one may be over-
looked, and all the bee-keeper's plans
upset.

We would emphasise the warning that
has been given by several writers in the

British Bee Journal lately, i.e., do not
rob the bees too much, but leave them
enough of their own natural stores for
winter. We have preached this for years, .
and have no sympathy whatever for that
class of bee-keepers who work on the
principle that sugar is cheaper than
honey, and extract every ounce of the
latter possible, giving sugar syrup as a
substitute. Syrup should only be used to
augment scanty stores in a poor season, or
for stimulative feeding when there is
little or no nectar being gathered. It is'
quite possible that sugar for bee food will
not be available this autumn.

Notice to Advertisers.

Owing to the greatly advanced price of
printing paper, and the increase of wages
in the printing trade, we shall be obliged
to raise the price for our " displayed " ad-
vertisements at the end of this month.
We are sorry to have to do this, but if we
are to carry on it is inevitable. We can
only hope this will bs the last increase
we shall have to make, but this is by no
means certain. The revised rates as given.
will come into force with the issue of the
British Bee Joxjenal for July 1 and the
July Record.

Displayed Advertisement Rates.

British Bee Journal or Bee-keepers'

Becord.

£ s.

d

Full page

4 0

0

Half page

2 10

0

One-third page

1 16

0

Quarter page '

1 12

0

1^ in. across page ...

1 7

0

1 in. across page

...

0 18

0

i in. across page

0 10

0

1^ in. single column ...

...

0 15

0

1 in. single column ...

0 10

0

^ in. single column ...

0 6

0

Discount for a series of

consecutive

dis-

played advertisements :-

-Six

insertions

2h per cent. ; Twelve

insertions 5

per

cent. ; Twenty-edx 15 per

cent.

; Fifty

-two

30 per cent.

Royal Show Fund.

The Council of Britirii' Bee-keepers'
Association are anxious to take their
usual part at the Royal Show to be held
at Darlington this year, so that their
unbroken record of representation et thia
ahow may not be spoilt. In order t«
defray the expenses in connection there-
with the Council ask that all bee-keeper«
assist in this work by giving donations,
whioh should be seat as early as pocsible

302

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 24, 1920.

to tlio Secretary, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

Subscriptions for this fund are coming
in very siowly, and we would urge ali
those who can possibly do 60 to send a
donation, however smaJI. The sum
needed is not, comparatively, large and if
every one does a little should be easily
forthcoming. " The Royal " is the show
of the year, when the value of bee-
keeping, and of the use of honey, to the
community is brought to the notice of
hundreds of people, and should the
Bee and Honey Department have to be
dropped for lack of funds, the loss to
bee-keeping will bo out of all proportion
to the amount needed to carry on. May
we also urge all those who can do so to
make an entry, and exhibit at the
Darlington show. A good display will
help both the show and the craft. We
are sure our bee-keeping friends in the
North are looking forward to a good
display of honey, etc., at this year's
Royal Show.

£ s. d.
Amount received ... IS 8 2

Anon 55 0

E. Ff. Ball 0 10 0

Mrs. E. Pharall ... 0 5 0
W. F. Jones 0 2 6

Total

18 10 8

A Dorset Yarn.

This has been a light week for surplus
honey in all the hives where a second rack
was given a week since. In only one was
surplus added; the others were left
severely alone. On mentioning this to
Mr. Butson, of Wimborne, on Saturday,
he quoted a morning greeting with an old
bee-man who has always had skeps. One
of them is placed on top of a spring
balance; he calls it his " honey clock."
" How are the bees doing? " says Mr.
Butson. " Doing nothing this week,"
says the old skeppist. He lives in the
best district for honey, rich farm lands
and large woods, where bees have always
done well. Probably they have been wait-
ing about for a suitable day to swai'm;
they have not added to stores of honey.

Mr. Butson was sending away nuclei to
all the shareholders in the Dorset restock-
ing scheme, all of them with young laying
queens. He has had anything but an easy
task to get all of them queened-up ready
for export. In one of them, he wanted to
show me what a beautiful young queen was
going off as soon as mated, but opening the
nucleus she was not to be seen anywhere—
she was out for mating or had gone to the
Tvrong box after the marriage flight. Most

of the queens were from one stock, where
the queen laid so many eggs. Why some
queens should be so much more prone to
produce eggs than are others is to me a
mystery, tor I have noticed that some
stocks always have a greater population
than others- and as a natural consequence
do better. This queen is not one of the
largest, yet she is the best in this apiary.

Queens are sometimes lost in mating, or,
at least, they do not go back to the hive
from which they were reared. I had an
object-lesson this week. One lot of light-
coloured bees were racing about the en-
trance board, which showed something was
wrong in the colony. On taking ott the
surplus racks and looking over each bar
twice, no queen was to be seen. One
freshly opened queen cell was not broken
down, but others had been eaten off by
the workers; these had not swarmed — at
least, not to my knowledge. Bees seemed
as plentiful as usual, but there was no
queen and no other queen cells but the
one that was newly opened. I looked the
next day, but there was still no queen, so
on Friday I gave them a queen cell from
another hive. It was built on the frame
of a new bar (where a full stock of bees
were set over the new lot of standard bars).
They have ceased their racing about the
entrance, but whether it is because they
have the new queen cell, or they are rear-
ing others, it is too soon to tell yet. If
it is raising new ones they are sure to raise
a lot; that seems to be the rule with them.
They will have to be looked after, or it
will mean a lot of swarming from this
hive in July. We do not like them then.

We have seen the last of the crawlers.
I followed up the syringing with Flavine
and sugar, and all that were sprayed at
the entrance had to clean themselves.
Squire Tomlinson helped with the bars,
but each warm day, as they came on the
entrance, they were sprayed over and over
and over again. One stock must have lost
more than half its population in those few
days.

I notice some of the stocks are turning
out drones that are fully developed, and it
is early to do this. Have they shied at
the rainy days? Do the workers surmise
ttiat the summer has ended? There are a
lot of them outside some Italian stocks;
these have never swarmed, and are im-
mensely strong, and have given good re-
sults up to now.

Bees are flying away from the farm just
now, a few are on the red heather; they
do not get a lot from this in my estima-
tion. The red clover " IncarnatuTn" is
giving another crop of flowers where it was
cut early for stock. These are eagerly
looked over by bees; it is more than half
a mile from the hives, but they go after
it, or they seem to go in that direction ; it

June 24, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJRIfAt.

803

is to the big trees they go mostly. A bee-
keeper in Bournemouth says his bees have
gathered a lot of stores from the flowers
in the gardens only. Bournemouth is
mostly pines (the Scotch fir and pine
aster), and they could not get stores from
them; it is from the many and varied
flowers in the beautiful gardens that so
many wealthy people plant; it seems a
continual feast for the bees.

There seems to be quite a dearth of bee
goods. Boxes of sections ordered months
ago cannot be got; bars are not to be had
anywhere. Motoring from centre to
centre not a bar or section can be got. It
seems a great boom in bees is going on in
Dorset, so many are increasing their
stocks. A Wimborne dealer sold his last
hive on Friday. Telegrams do not hasten
the goods along. Cheques sent in advance
do not get the goods, so stocks must be
scarce. I have always found that a cheque
will get the stuff, if it is to be had in the
country. We shall have to co-operate, and
have our own factories to make and dis-
tribute bee goods if these cannot be pro-
duced by individual traders. — J. J.
Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Nature; how she astonishes us with her
witchery ! She has smothered most of
our garden roses with blight, but the
roses of the hedgerow she has given us
clean, pure, and lovely. Did one ever see
such wreaths and garlands as those cover-
ing our hedges to-day ! Rose pink, shell
pink, shaded pink, cream, yellow, white
roses are rambling over the hawthorns as
if to say to them, " You've had your
show, now it's our turn." Beautiful
flowers; who first called you the dog rose?
I have heard it said your original name
was God rose — how applicable — ^but that
some one, fearing to use the sacred name,
reversed the spelling of the word. Was
it so? Perhaps, and perhaps not. Yet
who could gaze into a wild rose bush
resplendent in glory without thinking of
the Creator?

I had to cycle some 15 miles into
Northamptonshire the other day. Goinp;
I took the high road, but returning I
sought out an old way the ancient Britons
and the Romans trod. Maybe, parts of
it would be uncycleable. but I meant to
find it and follow it. T struck it quite
easily, and it has still a fair surface. As
T wheeled away from all human sounds I
felt the subtle power of Nature drawinf>;
me to herself. I cycled on, and dived
into Nature's very soul. The beauty of
it all. No county surveyor had chanced
this way, bidding the farmers level the
roadside hedges within a yard of the

ground, therefore the roses grew un-
checked, and methinks a fairy had passed
on before me and tipped their petals with
shades of beauty and filled their blossom
with richest scent. Here and there a
bush was half hidden hy a buckthorn, so
that only the morning sun smote upon
its delicate flowers, just sufficient to wipe
away the dew tears and then leave the
petals to charm one with their delicate
shades of pink. How lovely ! One almost
felt tempted to throw oneself on the
sward beneath these wreaths of roses and
dream romances and imagine things that
cannot be described in words. The road
descends ; at the hottom of the decline a
little rivulet flows — so tiny, yet so cool.
Not more than 6 feet wide, the roses and
the elders clasp hands across its waters,
and so create a picture such as make
poets sing. I stop. To peep at such a
scene and leave it was impossible. One
must stay and drink it all in. I watched
one bush closely for signs of bees. Yes,
they came; but not the insects of skep
and hive. Bumble bees, miner bees,
tapestry bees, and even the little osmian
came along, but no Italian, no Dutch,
no Brown or Black Natives. I wondered
how near was the nearest hive. Perhaps
nearer than I thought; it is no new thing
for hive bees to leave the dog roses to
bees of the wilds. I start off again.
Another mile I pass a cottage — an old-
world thatched cot, with windows blazing
red with geraniums and pelargoniums.
The garden path was lined with lilies and
yellow eschscholtzias, anchusas and forget-
me-nots. An archway o'er the doorway
was smothered on one side with clematis,
the other with a rambling rose. 'Neath
the archway sat a dear old soul in a blue
print sun-bonnet shelling peas. It was
such a cottage and garden that one so
often sees in pictures, but one thing was
lacking — a skep. How incomplete these
cottage gardens look without a skep or
two of bees ! I ventured to ask the Piood
lidy two things — one, how far she is from
the next house or cottage; two, had she
ever kept bees? A mile and a half was
my first question answered ; to my second
a long tale was told. Thev used to keep
bees, three skens, and they did main
well, but a grandson got killed in the war
five years ago.' and MagQrie forgot to turn
the skens, and never said owt to the bees
about it, and they all died that winter.
I listened, and smiled, and yet hadn't
the heart to ask the dear old soul aboiit
her <5up'^rstition. Would she believe me?
Might I not appear as a pagan did I
dare to attr'mpt to prove that, maybe,
" T.O.W." disease had som'^thing to do
with the death of the bees. I sympathise,
and begin admiring the view and her
garden. She has lived alone with Nature

304

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 24, 1920.

so long that to take her from it would
be death. " A bit akkerd, sir, when you
wants to get to stitions and shops, but
I 'ouldn't like to leave the old place; it
seems part o' meself, like." The old lady
spoke only too truly. She helped to com-
plete the scene; she was in her right
setting. The soul of the country and the
soul of a woman who had grown grey in
years are well knit. How hateful motor-
cars, trains, even bikes, seem in compari-
son. We dash here and there, and don't
pause to commime with the beauties
a-trailing round our doors. I would make
the old lady still happier by fixing her
up with bees, so' that their soothing hum
might be heard among her flowers, but
she felt too old to start again, and her
old man was getting past looking after
them, yet there were many bumble bees
about, and they pleased her with their
hum.

Forming nuclei has been the feature
of this week's work and renewing supers.
Home some stocks do work ! My No. 5
stock rebuked my negligence only yester-
day. Supered a fortnight ago, they had
filled twenty-one sections, eaten a hole
through the quilts, and began comb
bvailding between the section and hive
sides.

Alsike and field peas are the chosen
flowers of this week with the Italians,
white clover with the Dutch. The limes,
out all too early, are ignored, as are the
first bramble flowers. Bees know what
they are about ; they gather from where
the nectar flows freest, and they much
prefer some colour to the insipid shades
of lime. — E. F, Hemming, Steeple
Gidding.

The Apis Club.

The first general meeting of the Apis
Club was held at the Central Hall, West-
minster, on May 29. Mr. J. B. Lamb,
Chairman of the Middlesex Bee-keepers'
Association, presided.

There T^ere present representatives of
various associations and firms in the ap-
pliance trade, as well as a fairly good
attendance of individual members, in
spite of the advance of the bee-keepers'
season, which meant inconvenience to the
busy men who attended, and hindered
others from doing so.

After communicating to the meeting
messages of regret at inability to attend
from the Rev. John Beveridge, Messrs.
T. W. Cowan, Gilbert Barratt, J. Herrod-
Hempsall, and Thomas Holt, the Chair-
man paid a high tribute to the character
of the work and the manner in which it
has been conducted for the past year in
the face of exceptionally difficult circum-

stanoee. Amidst cheers he emphasised the
high idealism which informed the Apis
Club movement and its .fitness to survive.

On behalf of the Organising Secretary,
Mr. A. F. Harwood, who visited the club
headquarters on several occasions and ex-
amined its books and files, was called
upon to review the work for the year and
to give a statement of accounts, which
latter showed a deficit of approximately
£900. The Chairman read a communica-
tion from Mr. Thomas Holt on the organi-
sation of the club, but the time of the
conference was occupied^ by a lengthy
financial discussion, in which — and in the
rest of the proceedings — Dr. Abushady
took part.

The conference felt that a public scheme
of the character of the Apis Club could
not prosper without the patronage of the
whole craft. Since already fourteen bee-
keeping associations in the United King-
dom, apart from societies abroad, have
shown practical interest in the movement,
this indicated a good beginning. But as
no constructive proposals were available
for greater development, it was felt that
the meeting could not proceed with for-
mulating plans and arriving at concrete
proposals there and then. The following
resolution was therefore passed unani-
mously : — " That as it is the opinion of
this meeting that the Apis Club should be
maintained and that its official organ
should be The Bee World, a committee
shall be appointed to go into ways and
means with the founders and make
arrangements with them to carry on The
Bee World, if that course be possible, and
to formulate the future of the club."

The members appointed were as fol-
lows : — Miss Annie D. Betts, Messrs. R. R,
Babbage, Gilbert Barratt, A. F. Harwood.
C. P. Jarmar, Dr. T. D. Newbigging, and
Mr. R. Whyte.

This committee afterwards held a long
sitting at the office kindly placed at their
disposal by Mr. D. Fielden, in consulta-
tion with Dr. Abushady (as inaugurator
of the movement) and Mr. Robert Lee (on
behalf of Adminson, Ltd., who have
strongly supported the work during the
first year).

The Committee, after canvassing various
proposals, finally suggested to Dr. Abu-^
shady that Messrs. Adminson, Ltd., be
approached with a view to enlisting their
further support. This was considered to
be the only practicable means of safe-
guarding the existence of The Bee World
and permitting the rank and file of bee-
keepers to have a share in the shaping of
its policy while establishing it on busi-
ness lines.

A sub-committee consisting of Dr. A. Z.
Abushady and Mr. A. F. Harwood was
appointed to revise the constitution of the

June 24, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

305

club in the light of present circumstances.
These gentlemen reported that it would
be advisable to continue the present
status for another year and to hold a
second conference early in April, 1921, so
as to give an opportunity to the then
members, either to develop the club as
an international co-operative as well as
academic institute or to limit its char-
acter and scope to the latter with a modi-
fied constitution.

The members of the Select Committee
feel it their duty, in view of the excep-
tionally heavy responsibility with which
Dr. Abushady is still charged, to urge the
bee-keeping public in the United King-
dom, as well as their confreres abroad, to
do their very utmost to assist him in
bringing the good work to which he is
whole-heartedly devoted to a triumphant
issue. — (Signed) A. F. Harwood, Official
Eeporter to the Conference.

Keeping Quilts Clear of
Propolis.

I am honoured by Mr. Kichard Amies
noting my idea, and I have the pleasure
to explain this subject, which he will find
a boon.

I don't think he notice-d, in one of my
articles about this idea, I said I first put
a wired honey board over the brood nest.
This board is a bee escape, but instead of
being solid wood has a double fine wire
each side of the middle, which has a. nar-
row piece of wood running in the centre
where an escape is placed, or a solid bit
of tin, or a bit of queen excluder. This
super-clearer gets bees out of supers
quicker than the ordinary solid board as
they see their pals below, and don't lose
the smell of the hive. One can introduce
a swarm over the hive, keeping it two
days, then take the cork out of the mouth
of the escape and they unite peaceably
without flour or scented syrup. By put-
ting this over the brood the deep side
down one can see bees and subdue them,
or feed them through the hole, or place
tin, which clips on with two wire ends,
over hole for wintering

Now over this go two calico quilts with
feed hole with 'flaps, on these the same
with unbleached calico ; on this four bits
of wood broken frame, and a folding cork
quilt laid on. Over all, a thin bit of
flaxen sacking:. The entrance. 8 inches
wide, with Silver's non-dwindler, so as
to stop draught. The air comes up
through the cluster warmed, and goes up
through the qxiilts, any moisture being
taken up by the cork quilt, the whole
being left alone tiU March. By lifting
one side of cork quilt and putting one's

hand under, a nice, warm feeling oomes
to the hand. In February one can put
candy over by sliding the tin away and
seo by the glass if finished, not moving
too many quilts.

I won't mention maker's name, but if
Mr. R. Amies will do me the honour of
sending me his address, or any one in-
terested, I will give some very useful tips
I have found out by study which increa.se
the strength of stocks in the autumn. I
admire Mr. Amies' unselfish wisdom by
honey feeding in the autumn. If he does
what I have explained he .will find his
quilts pure white and clean, dry-combs
and lots of honey, baby bees and brood.
— Cyrii, TredcRoft, Penylan Cottage,
Penylan, Cardiff.

Notes on Bee Keeping.

The honey bee in this country has been
so long associated with the old straw skep
that old-fashioned bee-keepers have given
up the idea long ago as to any other
form of outward architecture, and are
assured in their own mind that straw is,
and always has been, the material from
which itsi home has been, and ought to
be, constructed. So convinced were these
bee-keepers of this, that upon the advent
of wood hives they dubiously shook their
heads and predicted a complete failure,
simply because a straw hive was, accord-
ing to their ideas, a mdre natural dwell-
ing. I am frequently astonished even
at some of our more advanced bee-keepers
upholding this theory. Did our fore-
fathers of generations ago make straw
skeps? I venture to suggest that they
did not; but, like many other uncivilised
tribes of their day preferred to take their
honey from holes in trees, where the bees'
natural home is to be found. Wood in a
majority of oases, not straw, is the bees'
choice of architecture. Movable comb
hives are made of wood. It is not my de-
sire to assert that in all cases the inclina-
tion on the part of the bees to build their
combs in hollow trees, is strictly adhered
to, but will simply say that any hollow
place, be it in wood, stone, iron, brick or
any other place that will teep' out the
rain is the bees natural habitation. Straw
would be useless unless specially fashioned
by man, ,and would be the most unlikely
material in which we should expect to find
a colony of bees. In our Colonies there
are just a few varieties of the genus apis
who construct their combs without any
covering under the limbs of trees and
shrubs, notably Apis dorsata of India and
Ceylon (one wishes it could be acclima-
tised''with it3 worker cells as large as

306

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 24, 1920.

our English drone-cells — and a famous
store of honey). There are exceptional
cases in England among our ordinary
native bees here and there of such occur-
rences (I saw a case a While ago), but
successful wintering could never be
accomplished under such conditions. There
must be no cold draught, dampness, frost,
etc., allowed to enter the hives if they are
to stand the hardness of winter and come
out in spring Al. No doubt it is be-
cause of the above that bees are taught
by Nature to propolise their hive, as
autumn is the time when this generally
takes place to keep out the severe Tveather
expected during winter. It is this that
causes the messiness on the calico quilts
next to the bees mentioned by different
writers. What is propolis? This is another
material collected in addition to honey
and pollen by the worker-bee — not pro-
duced by the bees — principally from buds
of resinous trees and shrubs, such as firs
and horse-chestnuts, and packed by them
in their pollen baskets. "When taken to
the hive it is removed by the other
bees, and drawn out into thin lines and
then used to stop up crevices, affix loose
portions of the hive, and cover over any
noxious substance that is too heavy for
removal from the hive, thus forming an
hermetically sealed casing. From the
above, one cannot expect clean quilts at
the end of a season. The difficulty with
me is not the fastening down of the
calico quilts, etc. ; it is the gnawing into
holes of these by the workers. It is gener-
ally a case of having to renew same at
the end of each season. Perhaps some
kind bee-keeper could give a hint how to
prevent the bees from damaging these
quilts? — P. Lythgoe, Padgate, War-
rington.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The monthly meeting of the Council
was held at 23, Bedford Street, Strand,
London, W.C2, on Thursday, June 17,
1920.

Mr. W. F. Reid presided, and there
were also present : — Miss M. D. Sillar,
Messrs. F. W. Watts, W. H. Sirams,
G. S. Fannch, G. Bryden, G. J. Flesh-
man, J. Herrod-Hempsall, F. W. Harper
(Association representatives), H. Stroud
(Essex), E. G. Waldock (Hants), R. R.
Babhage (Middlesex), E. Ff. Ball
(Bucks), and the Secretary, W. Herrod-
Hempsall.

Letters of regret at inability to attend
were read from Messrs. T. W. Cowan,

A. Richards, W. E. Moss, A. G. Pugh,
C. L. M. Eales, and G. W. Judge.

The minutes of the previous meeting
were read and confirmed.

The following new members were
elected: — Lady Anderson, Messrs. C. S.
Crutchfield, J. S. Leigh, and R. W.
Frow.

The Dorset Bee-keepers' Association
applied for affiliation, and were accepted.
The Eastbourne Association applied for
affiliation, but the request was not
granted.

The Herts County Association nomi-
nated Mr. F. L. E. Watts as their repre-
sentative, and he was accepted.

The report of the Finance Committee
was presented by Mr. G. Bryden, who
stated that the receipts for May were
£19 14s. 9d., and the bank balance on
June 1 was ^£137 lis. Id. Payments
amounting to £76 lis., were recom-
mended.

The report on the Preliminary Exami-
nation held at Salisbury was presented,
and it was resolved to grant certificates
to Lady Katharine Bouverie, Miss E. J.
Hardy, Rev. B. Wright, Messrs. Ed-
munds, Bates, Wright, Ashworth, Miles,
and L. Binder.

The Cheshire, Bucks, Gloucestershire,
Aberdeenshire, Worcestershire, and Cum-~
berland and Westmorland Associations
applied for Preliminary Exams., and all
were granted.

Mr. C. H. Bocock wrote offering to pro-
cure three volumes on bee-keeping from
America for the library. The offer was
accepted, and a hearty Vote of thanks was
passed to Mr. Bocock for his kindness.

The retail price to be charged for good
English honey was discussed, and it was
considered that 2s. 'Qd. per pound for
extracted honey and 3s. 6d. for finished
sections, both without packages, would
be a fair price for the present season.

Next meeting of Council in tKe Hives
and Honey Department, Royal Show
Ground, Darlington, on Thursday, July 1.

The Bath and West Show.

BEE DEMONSTRATIONS.

The throngs of people who visited the
show during the five days included a large
number interested in the ancient craft of
bee-keeping. The Ministry of Agriculture
and Fisheries, with a desire to cope with
the shortage of sugar, are doing their best
to encourage the gathering of honey from
our own soiirces, instead of having to buy
from abroad, which has been done of late
to the extent of three times as much as
we have produced in this country. The
Ministry are also framing a Bill to intro-
duce into Parliament, dealing with be©

June 24, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJRNAL.

307

diseases. The Ministry are using two
organisations to carry out the work,
namely, the County Agricultural Educa-
tion Committee and the County Bee Asso-
ciations. The Wilts Agricultural Educa-
tion Committee, through its secretary,
Mr. C. H. Corbett, and the Salisbury Bee-
keepers' Association organised the bee
work at the Bath and West Show with ex-
cellent results. Miss E. J. Hardy, secre-
tary of the local Bee-keepers' Association,
Mr. J. E. Pinder, adviser and member of
the County Bee Committee, and Mr.
Cockram, county bee expert, had charge
of the arrangements. The exhibition of
bee products, bee-keepers' appliances, and
remedies for bee diseases were shown in
the County Council's gallery of forestry.
Much interest was shown by the crowds
who passed through the gallery in the
golden honey, the photographs of bee-
masters at work, cakes sweetened with
honey, charts giving the anatomy of the
bee, and the variety of appliances and
hives where the bee community garner the
honey. Those contributing to the display
were Mr. Alexander, of Fordingbridge,
and Mr. E. C. R. White, Winterbourne,
honey and wax; Mr. J. R. Spencer and
Mr. H. Ruffell, of Netherampton, photos;
Mr. Ridghalgh, of Salisbury, a fine show
of Flavine, an antiseptic and remedy for
bee diseases; Mr. Cockram, charts; Miss
E- J. Hardy, appliances; Mrs. J. E.
Pinder, cakes; and Mr. J. E. Pinder, hives
and appliances. The Wilts County Coun-
cil Bee Tent gave much interest and plea-
sure to those seeing the operators handling
and explaining the work of the bees as
though they were domestic pets. Demon-
strations were given each day, and on Fri-
day and Saturday the bep-keepers visiting
the show were privileged to hear Mr. J.
Herrod-Hempsall. editor of the British
Bee Journal and Bee Record. His visit
to the show was for the purpose of exa-
mining eight candidates of the local Bee-
keepers' Association wishing to gain third-
class certificates for knowledge in bee-
keeping. Mr. Herrod-Hempsall expounded
the work and habits of the honey-bee with
the ease of a master of the craft. In the
evening he lectured to bee-keepers at the
Church House, Crane Street, the Hon.
Louis Greville, the president of the Salis-
bury Association, presiding. The crowd
that entered the show ground on Bank
Holiday kept the workers at the bee tent
busy. Mr. J. E. Pinder, B.B.K.A. expert,
of Salisbury, gave two demonstrations
with the bees, keeping the audience keenly
interested while dealing with the mystery
and clever work of the honej^-bee in the
sweltering heat of the summer dav. Many
questions were answered and difl&culties
cleared away, and the operator at the
close was given an ovation. Mr. Cock-

ram, the county expert, gave demonstra-
tions on the other days of the show, which
were of much value to those about to start
bee-keeping. Literature on food produc-
tion and bee-keeping, prepared by the
Ministry of Agriculture, were distributed
during the days of the show. As a result
of the combined efforts of those who took
part, the future should find the hum of
the honey-bee in many a town and
countryside garden and orchard. — {Com-
municated.)

Monmouthshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

An interesting demonstration was given
in the garden at Magor House, Magor, on
the 17th inst. Dr. Strong was the demon-
strator, and gave an explanation of some
of the rudiments of the apiary- to a
number of schoolboys, in charge of the
head master (Mr. Barber). More advanced
subjects were explained to a large gather-
ing, in which all parts of the county were
represented, and at the close tea was
kindly dispensed by the hostess (Mrs.
Strong). Among prominent bee-keepers
present were Rev. H. G. Stanley, Aid.
Graham White, Mrs. Tom Jones, Aber-
gavenny, Mrs. Colborne, Mrs. Llewelyn
Morgan, Colonel Walwyn, Messrs. Tylor,
Taylor, Jackson, Lusty, and Heighten,
besides a number of local ladies and gen-
tlemen interested in apiculture.

Corsham and District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The second meeting of the season was
held at Mr, Golding's residence, Pick-
wick, on Wednesday, June 9, when the
following members were present : — Ad-
miral Sir C- Briggs (President), Messrs.
Ray, Ottaway, Funnel, Brown, Ashe,
Brain, and the Secretary (Mr. W. Geld-
ing). Two new* members were also pre-
sent— General Lord Methuen and Mr.
Brown's son, aged 14.

The financial account for 1919 and the
minutes of the last meeting being con-
firmed, the re-stocking scheme was con-
sidered. Six four-frame nuclei were
allotted to members, obtained from a hive
presented last season by Colonel M. G.
Talbot, who we regret has left the dis-
trict.

This Association, although only formed
l»st season, promises to be a success in
giving an impetus to the industry, the
membership already representing Corsham,
Chippenham, Harthara, Biddestone, Yat-
ton Keynell, and Ford. — (Communicated.)

308

THE BRITISH BEE JOUElSrAL. June 24, 192a.

Two Eggs in One Cell.

[10206] Will you kindly tell me the
reason of tliis. Readers (others than my-
self) would be glad if the Rev. E, F.
Hemming would tell us the name of his
"tapestry" and "miner/' queens,
page 254, British Bee Journal —
M. E. B.

fTwo — or more — eggs are laid in a cell
when a colony is weak in bees. The
queen produces and lays eggs beyond the
capacity of the bees to cover -and keep
warm if only one was laid in a cell. She
has to rid herself of the eggs, and as she
will not lay outside .the cluster of bees
several are deposited in a cell. We have
seen up to seven in a number of cells
under those conditions. — Eds.]

Fraternity Among Bee-Keepers.

[10207] I have been a bee-keeper and
weekly reader of the Bee Journal for
twenty years.

During that period I have taken greab
interest in and derived much valuable help
from its pages. The " Isle of WIghb "
disease, introduced into the district,
robbed me. some eight years ago of thirty
hives^ — all I had in that apiary. Fortu-
nately, six hives were on the other side
of the valley.

For four vears these worked well, but
inadvertently placing an old comb in one
of the hives, Ihe disease started here, with
the re:sult thiit all were dead in two years,
after struggling vainly with remedies.

By the purchase of swarms, seven hives
were strong in the autumn, but all suc-
cumbed before the following Easter.
Again I tried last year with a similar
number, but I have not «. bee left.

Now, Sir, from reading the Journal, I
liave come to the conclusion that my ex-
perience is not a solitary one, and, know-
ing how kinship and mutual help are en-
eendered by similarity in distr(?ss, T
inserted an advertisement in your publi-
cation asking for swarms or nuclei
(Italians), stating that all bees were dead
and asking brothers to help, hoping in
this way^ to secure bees immune from
disease.

I_ asked foi no gift, expected none,
dcnired none. i

Only three replies were received, and
only one with swarms and nuclei as re-
quested. I am an optimist by nature, but
I Cannot understand this indifference to

appeal among brother bee-keepers through-
out the country.

Has the war made us callous"?

I have ordered six nuclei, so that I am
not making any appeal except that the
old spirit of fraternity which before the
war was so eminently manifest may again
become operative in the bee world. —
" Cross."

[There are exceptions to every rale,
but, speaking from our own experiences
the last few weeks, we are certain the
" spirit of fraternity" is still very much
alive, though our correspondent appears
to have been rather unfortunate. We
shall be pleased to hear what others have
to say on the subject. — Eds.]

Wisdom (London, S.W.). — Birds eating bees. — We
are afraid the only remedy at this time of year,
if the birds are very persistent, is to shoot them.
Swarm returning to hive.— The queen refused to
leave the hive, or was lost.

Miss Barker (IJlverstone).— Bees killing drones. —
There is nothing wrong with the bees; it is owing
to unfavourable weather, or Shortage of food— or
both.

J. V. Thorn (S. Wales).— (1) The queen was fer-
tile. (2) Probably a last year's queen. (3) The
bees have probably superseded her; we cannot
say why. (4) Italian.

Suspected Disease.

T. Henshaw (Essex).- We cannot find disease in
the bees sent.

M. M. (Knowle).— The bees have " I.O.W." disease.

Dutch (Worcs.).- We cannot account for the death
of the bees.

Bee Shows to Come.

Jane 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Royal
Agricultural Society's Show, Bee and Honey
Section, under the direction of the B.B.K.A, Prizes
arranged in groups of counties for Aesociatiooi
atSliated to the B.B.E.A. Schedules from The
Secretary, 23, Bedford Street, Strand. W.C.I.
Entries closed.

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff.— Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show. The Glamorgan B.K.A.,
In conjunction with R.H.8., offer prizes for Honey,
Wax, Bees, and Appliances. Members, Novices,
and Open Classes. Schodules, Mr. Wlltahixe,
Maindy School, Cardiff. Entries closed.

July 14.— Wickham Bishops and District Bee-
keepers' Co-operative Association. Group 2.— Open
to bee-keepers resident in Essex. Class 79. — Four
Sections; 1st prize, 76. 6d.; 2nd, 5s. Claes 80.— 1 lb.
Extracted Honey; 1st prize, 5s.; 2nd, 38. Class 81.
-1 lb. of Wax (in 2-oz. cakes), 1st prize, 58.; 2nd,
33. Group 3.— For bee-keepers' resident in the
British Isles. Class 82.-1 lb. glass jar of 1920 Run
or Extracted Honey; 1st prize, 20s.; 2nd prize,
10s. 6d. Exhibits in Class 82 to be the property
of the Association, and to be given to hospitals
in County of Essex. Entrance fee 6d. per class.
Rules for exhibiting on back of entry form.— All
entries to be sent to C. W. Cockburn, Hon. Sec-»
Meadow Bank, Wickham Bishops, Witham, Essex.
Entries close July 2.

June 24, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

809

Jnly 15 and 16, at Grimsby.— LincolnsMre
AgrlcuItTiral Society. Show of Be« Appliances,
Honey, Sections, Wax, etc., nnder the manage-
ment of the Lines B.K.A. Open and County
Classes. Valuable prizes.— Schedules from Major
• Hafideld, Alford, Lines. Entries closed.

July 17, at Guildford.— Guildford and Dis-
trict Bee-keepers' Association. Members and Open
Classes.— Schedules and prize list from Rev. E. C.
Pitt-Johnson (Hon. Sec), Heatherwood, PirbrigM,
Surrey. Sntries close July 3.

July 20 to 23, at Aberdeen.— Highland and
Agricultural Society. Classes for Bee Appliances
and Honey. Premiums £53 10s. Half of Prize
Money and Silver and Bronze iMedals contributed
by the Scottish Bee-keepers' Association.- Entry
forms from John Stirton, Secretary, 3, George IV.
Bridge, Edinburgh.

July 21, at Broughton, Hants.— Open
Classes : Single 1-lb. Bottle, Single Section; prizes,
20s., 15s., 10s.— Schedules from Chas. - Hoare,
Broughton, Hants.

July 21, "Wyke and Normandy Horticul-
tural Society.— Honey Classes (Open). Best
three sections, 5s., 3s., 2s.; Run Honey, light, 3
1-lb. glass jars, 5s., 3s., 2s.; Run Honey, dark, 3
1-lb. glass jars, 5s., 5s., 2s. Entrance fee, 6d. — Par-
ticulars, H. L. Mumford, Hon. Sec., Heatiherside,
Normandy, Guildford.

July 28, at Blandford.- The Blandford and
District Horticultural Society are holding a Show
of Fruit, Vegetables, Flowers, and Honey in the
Park, adjoining the Crown Meadow, Blandford.
Prizes for honey by the Dorset B.K.A. for mem-
bers of the Association.— Schedules from C. 6.
Bone (Dorset Bee-keepers' Association), County
Education Office, High West Street, Dorchester.

August 2, at Bredon.— Annual Show of the
Worcestershire B.K.A. Three open classes. Sche-
dules from Geo. Richings, 42, Barbourne Road,
Worcester. Entries close July 26.

Monday and Tuesday, August 2 and 3, at
Newport.- Monmouthshire Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Annual Show (in connection with the New-
port Allotment Holders' Association). Members
and Open Classes.— Schedules (post free 3d.) from
Hon. Sec., " Underwood," Portskewett, near
Chepstow, Monmouthshire. Entries close
July 26.

August 4, at Shedfield, Hants, in conjunc-
tion with the Shedfield Horticultural Society's
Show, Hants and Isle of Wight Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciations. Swanmore and Eitterne Branches.
Classes for Comb and Extracted Honey.— Schedules
from the Hon. Sec, A. F. Hardy, Esq., Tihe
Palace House, Bishop's Waltham, Hants.

August 7, at Barnstaple.— Barnstaple and
District Horticultural Exhibition, to be held in
the Market Hall. Five Open Classes for Honey.—
Schedules from Hon. Secretary, 19, Grosvenor
Street, Barnstaple.

August 11, at Wye.— Kent Honey Show.
Thirty classes, half of which are open to U.K.
Four Silver Cups and 75 other prizes. Schedules,
Mr. A. Lepper, Wye. Entries close August 1.

August 14 and 16, at Cannock, Staffs.—
Eight open classes for honey, etc. Prizes value
£12. Schedules from .T. Bird, Secretary, "Glen-
may," Allport Road, Cannock.

August 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal prizes.
— Schedules from Mr. F. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

August 14, at Llanelly.— Carmarthenshire
B.K.A. Show, in connection with the Llanelly and
District Horticultural Society's Show. Liberal
prizes (nearly £15) offered for Honey, Wax,
and Appliances. 15 Classes (7 Open).— Schedules
from R. Lloyd Roberts, London Joint. City and
Midland, Llanelly. Entries close August 6.

Saturday, August 28, at Hinckley.-
Leicestershire and Rutland Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion, in connection with Hinckley Flower Show.—
Open Classes for Honey, Sections and Jars. Prizes,
12s. 6d., 7s. 6d., and 46. 6d. in each class. Judge,
J. Herrod-Hempeall, F.E.S.— Schedules from A.
Kimbrell, Esq., Clarendon Road, Hinckley.
Entries close August 23.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen open classes in Honey
Section. Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. Entries close Novem-
ber 6.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

PRIVATE ADVEKTISEMENTS.

WANTED.— Honey Extractor and Ripener.—
Full particulars and price, DUXSON. 8,
Hurst Road, Walthamstow, f.l35

OVERPLUS BEES FOR SALE.— Apply ^rly,
strict rotation, enclosed stamped envelope
particulars. — BARUCH - BLAKER, Warrilow
Apiary, Barnham, Sussex. f.l36

FOR SALE.— Pure and Hybrid Italians, strong
stacks, Penna's strain, 8, 10 frames, 10s. per
frame; also strong Blacks, 10 frames, £4; travel-
ling box returnable.— VARLEY, Abbottsacre
Lodge, Winchester. f.l37

TWO SPRING CRATES, hold two dozen sections
each, 10s.— NORTH, Cressing, Braintree.
Essex. , f.l38

FINEST GOLDEN HONEY SWARMS booked,
marked immunity from disease; particulars,
stamp.- NORTH, Cressing, Braintree, Essex. f.l59

GOOD SECOND SWARMS, 25s. carriage paid;
boxes to be returned.- BUTLER, West Rd..
Histon. f.l39a

NEW LIGHT CAMBRIDGESHIRE HONEY
for Sale, £9 10s. per cwt.; 1 tin 50s., tins and
carriage free; cases to be returned; sample 6d. —
WELLS & CO., Bowers Lane, Isleham, Cambs.

f.l40

SPLENDID New White Clover Honey, £10 per
cwt.; sample 6S.: tins to be returned. —
ALBERT COE, Apiarist, Ridgewell, Halstead,
Essex. f.l48

FOR SALE.— Strong stock Hybrid Italians, in
new Conaueror hive, supered, £7 10s., nearest
offer.— WATTS, Lamer, Wheathampstead, Herts.

f.l42

ONE Second-hand W.B.C. and two Cottage
Hive?, clean, five Shallow Boxes, three Sec-
tion Racks, sale £3 15s. lot, or separate.— D. J-
HEMMING, Runcorn. f.l43

WANTED.— Good stock or two swarms in hives,
native bees preferred, in exchange for prize
breeding pen of Taylor's White Runner Ducks
(six and drake), or sell one guinea each (seven
pounds the lot).— W., 25, Napier Road, Wembley.

f.l44

PURE, LIGHT ENGLISH HONEY, 281b. tins,
42s.; sample 6d.— T. TUDOR, JUN., 20, Spring
Cottage, Little Draj-fon, Market Drayton, Salop.

f.l45

STRONG 10-frame Stocks, Italian Hybrids,
ready for .<!upere. £4 10s. each; box lOs. return-
able.—ERNEST GRIFFITHS, Helsby, Cheshire.

f.l46

FIVE STOCKS Hybrid Italians, 1919 Queens,
healthv. £4 10s. each, on 10 frames; boxes
returnable.— NICHOLSON, 176, Thorpe Road.
Norwich. f.l47

TWO HYBRID ITALIAN STOCKS, on 10
frames, 1919 Queens, guaranteed healthy,
£4 10s. each, travelling box lOs., returnable; Eng-
lish Honey, 28 lb. tins, £2.— WALLIS, 211, Lower
Boad. Rotherhithe. S.B. f.l50

310

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. June 24, 1920.

ROOTS' " A.B.C. of Bee-Culture," latest edition,
split new, 3 doz. Simmins frames; accept beet
offer— A. SMITH, 6, West Caetl© Road, Edin-
burgh^ f-179

FOR SALE.— Pure English Honey, £9 cwt., car-
riage paid.— H. CADDY, Buckhom Weston,
Wincanton, Somerset. f.l49

FEW STOCKS DUTCH BEES, healthy; pur-
chaser sends box, 7s. frame and carriage;
Hives, etc., cheap.— Write, *MATRON, Croydon
Borough Sanatorium, North Cheam, Sutton
Surrey. f.l51

WANTED to Sell at once, three Hives of Bees
and two Swarms; all very healthy; Dutch
Italians, 15, Waldegrave Gardens, Strawberrv
Hill- f.l52

WANTED.— Honey Extractor; state make and
condition. — I. HOWARD, The Common?.
Rayne, Essex. f.l53

-T^fANTED.— Geared Cottage Extractor and

VV Ripener, in good condition; moderate price

— RALLI, Shalford, Surrey. f.l54

STOCKS.— 10 frames, ready for eupering, £3;
with hives, £4 10s.; travelling box 10s., re-
funded on return; carriage paid.— CULLEN, Bull
Hill, Great Clacton. f.lSfi

SPLENDID New White Clover Honey, £10 per
cwt.: sample 6d., tins to be returned. —
ISAAC SOUTHERLAND, East View, Branc^ster
Staithe, King's Lynn, Norfolk. f.l56

SWARMS, 25s. to 356., according to size; Swarm
on 3 standard frames, 256., carriage paid
(7s. 6d. deposit on box returnable); guaranteed
healthy.— STANLEY, 56, Montague Road, Cam-
bridge. f.l57

FOR SALE.— A Simmin® Conqueror Hive, stan-
dard frames, 3 crates, comolete, in use for 2
years.- HOLLAND, Cornhill-on-Tweed. f.l58

SEVERAL Surplus Stocks of Natives, on 10
fraiies, very strong, £4 10s. each. — WRAT,
Thorpe Bassett, Rillington, York. f.l59

SWARMS, strong, healthy, ready for despatch,
24«'. carriage paid; boxes returnable.-
PULLEN, Rambsbury, Hungerford. f.l60

FOR SALE, several stocks healthy Bees, snpered,
£4 10b. per stock.— 6IDDINGS, South Mimmp.
Barnet. f.l82

SALE. — Exhibitor proceeding abroad; complete
Apiciiltural Requisites, including Plate-glass
Trophy, Observatory, and other Hives, Extractor,
Smokers, etc.: half catalogue prices.— SWABEY.
Bracebridge Heath, Lincoln. f.l62

REMAINDER of a small Apiary, Italian-
Dutch, thoroughly healthy 1920 Queens, and
♦■insisting of 2 double brood Hives, 4 single, and
9-5 frame Nuclei Hives; will divide: what offers?—
ETHERINGTON, Pulham-Mary, Norfolk. f.l63

BASSES selected Fish supplied, carriage paid,
exchanged for Swarms.— ELVIDGE, Whole-
sale Fish Merchant, Grimsby. r.f.l64

WILL exchange good Hives for ' Swarms.—
PRFSLEY. Bakestone Moore. Whitwell.
Man.sfield, Derbyshire. f.l77

RITISH HYBRIDS, colopies in Skeps, 57s. 6^.
— PRYOR, Breachwood Green, Welwyn. r.f.l78

B

S

ALE, strong hive, new last year.— iMXSS BIRTf-
BECK, Kirby Stephen. f.l83

FOR SALE, Second-hand all guaranteed clean
exceptionally well made W.B.C. hives, wnh
oak lege; also combination hives, £2 each; well-
made shallow frame boxes, Zn. each; Queen ex-
cludens. Is. 3d. each.— DAVID HANCOX, Grove
Lodge, Deddington, Oxon. f igi

IMMEDIATE DELIVERY.— A few S-frame stocks
Italians with imported' Penna Queens, guaran-
teed, £3 5s.; box lOs., returnable. Also Italian
virgin Queens, Penna mother, 4s. 6d.— Box 91,
B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford^ Street, Strand, London.

f.l80

HONEY, extracted.— Two 281b. tins prime Berk-
shire, 27s. 6d. each.— BOWREY, Swallowfield,
Berks. f.l72

TWO strong Stocks of Italian Hybrids on eight
frames, filled with brood and store, guaran-
teed healthy, £4 each, carriage paid; boxes 7s. 6d.
extra, returnable. Deposit system if desired.—
MAY, " Lyncroft," South Nutfield. Surrey. f.97

DUTCH VIRGIN QUEENS, 4s. 6d.; fertile,
8s. 6d., from County Restocking Apiary.—
ANDREWS, Expert. 78a, Westgate. Peterborough.

1.100

THREE nearly new Uncapping Knives, 38. 9d..
postage 6d. each; Subjugator, as new, 4s.; 2
W.B.C. Uncapping Knives, 36. 9d. each, postage
fid. See Trade Advert, for Bees.— W. WOODS.
Normandy, near Guildford. f.lOl

FOR SALE, two " Rotax Roadlight 267 " self-
contained Acetylene Motor Headlights, very
powerful, £6 the pair; one Exhaust Whistle, 10s.;
one Wood-Milne Motor Foot Pump, 40s.— W.
HERROD-HEMPSALL. Old Bedford Road, Luton.
Beds.

WANTED, by experienced man, situation as
Manager apiary or bee department of nursery
or fruit farm.— Particulars, " J.," Box 89, B.B.J.
Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand. W.C.2. f.105

SEVERAL surplus Stock® of Italian and Hybrid
Bees for Sale, 10 frames (Penna strain),
£4 17s. 6d.. carriage paid; 10s. on box, returned
on receipt. Inspection invited.— H. OBORNE,
25, Guest Road, Bishopstoke, Hants. r.f.68

CORRESPONDENCE COURSES in B«©-ke«pin«.
— H. B. NEWTON, Browa House, Barton-on-
Sea. Hants. r.d.lST

BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS,
l^d. per word.

PURE ITALIANS.— Imported Penna 1920 Queens,
four frames, 45s.; six, 55s.; eight, 65e.; 10,
75s. Hybrids, good strain, 6s. less. Carriage paid;
boxes returnable.— WADHAM, Gold Street, Cardiff.

FERTILE QUEENS.— 1920 home bred Natives,
finest strain obtainable, immediate delivery,
129. 6d. each; nuclei, 3-frame, £2 5s., carriage paid.
— GOATH, Cottage Apiary, Endlebuxy Road,
Chingford, Essex. f.l67

THE FLAVINE TREATMENT.— Free samples.
12 packages, Is.; a japanned sprayer, 6s.;
"Let the Bees Tell You," 2s.; a Cambs. "Bee
Barometer" free with all orders this week.— S. H.
SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. f.l68

HE "BAIRD PATENT HONEY EXTRACl
TOR " can be seen at the Royal Show, Dar-
lington. Mr. Robert Wright, the manufacturer,
will be pleased to answer all inquiries. f.l69

NUCLEI and Swarms from £1 each, free on rail;
boxes returnable or 10s.— RATCLIFF, Croft
Apiary, Thaxted, Essex. f.l70

ITALIANS.— Two good swarme, 40s. each; nuclei,
strong, 8-f rame, 42». 6d. ; 4-f rame, 60s. ; 6 frames,
crowded, 70s.— BOWREY, Swallowfield, Berks. f.l71

THREE STOCKS of Italians, on 10 frames,
ready for eupering, £4; Nuclei, 10s. per frame;
boxes charged returnable.- HENSLEY, 24, Queen'w
Road, Luton, Chatham. f.l41

" TTjTIGHT " DISEASE, prevention and removal;

T? advice 5s.— ALFD. RYALL, Kenwood

Apiary, Elcombe, Stroud, r.1.161

Juiae 24. 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

811

ITALIAN HYBRID QUEENS, quiet, hardy, pro-
lific strain, fertiles 10s., virgins 36., by return.
Satisfaction, or I replace them.— TICKELL, below.

3 -FRAME NUCLEI, 50s., car. paid; box 10s., re-
turnable. — JACK TICKELL, Westbourne
Apiary, Cheltenham. f-174

NUCLEI, 1920 Italian Queene, 4-frame, 60s.;
swarms, Italian, 456.; boxos 10s., returnable.—
C. HOGAN, Boxford, Suffolk. r.f.l75

STRONG healthy Stocks, delivery by return.—
Seven frames, crowded with bees and brood.
Young Queens, Penna's strain, good new combs,
well wired, excellent condition for surplus. 709. ; box
10s., returnable.— HILLMAN, Bridge House^
Stonehouse, Glos. f.l7<)

NUCLEI (good hybrids), 1920 Queens; 3 frames,
37s. 6d.; 4 frames, 45s.; box 7s. 6d., return-
able.— J. FOOKS, Normandy. Guildford. f.ll5

DUTCH, DUTCH-ITALIAN 4-frame Nuclei,
only a limited number for disposal, delivery
now, £3 3s., cash with orders, carriage paid.
Numerous letters from well satisfied customers of
this fine disease-resisting strain, Dutch-Italian
Hybrids. Don't look at the price. You will be
well satisfied.— SEALE, Ashley Cottage, Oatlands
Drive, Walton-on- Thames, Surrey. f.l23

ITALIAN COLONIES, Simmins' and Penna
strains.- No more orders for colonies. A few
more Nuclei offered at 45s., 3 frames certain.
Members of Middlesex Bee-keepers' Association
5 per cent, discount.— R. R. BABBAGE, 33. White-
stile Road, Brentford. r.f.l33

NUCLEI.— Three frames, best hybrids, Penna.
etc.; young fertile Queens, immediately. 42s.—
MOORE, 31. Monmouth Road, Dorchester. f.l65

ITALIANS.— Queens. 66.; virgins. 3s. Stamp. —
HOUSTON. Ellen Villa. Sidcup. f.ll8

3 -FRAME NUCLEI. 32s. 6d.. with 1920 fertile
Queen; good Stocks on 8 standard frames. 609..
with hives 90s.; boxes 56.. returnable; good Swarms
from 25s.— W. WOODS, Normandy, near Guild-
ford. f.l26

RE-QUEEN with a "Lazenbee" prolific Italian.
Fertile. lOs.; virgin. 6s.— YOUNG. One
Hundred Elms Apiary, Central Road, Sudbury.
Middlesex. r.f.l27

FOR SALE, fertile Queens, hybrids, 7s. 6d., and
Penna strain. 10s. 6d., post free.— ASH-
WORTH. The Bungalow. Weymouth Street. War-
minster. f.l28

ITALIAN HYBRID BEES (immediate delivery),
disease-resisting strain. 1920 Queens, 4-frame
Nuclei, 456. ; travelling box 10s.. returnable ; Stocks
from 10- to 20-frame at 8s. 6d. per frame. —
STARKEY. 55. Stafford Rd.. Brighton. r.f.l34

4-FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 50s.; box charged 10s.. returnable;
6-frame Stocks. 703.; 8-frame Stocks, 90s. Imme-
diate delivery. All guaranteed free from disease.
—LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary." Burgess Hill,
Sussex. r.f.77

6-FRAME STOCKS in bar-frame hives at £5
each, free on rail; Italian fertile Queens.
lOs. 6d. each. Daily deliveries.— LEE, " Little
Bowden Apiary." Burgess Hill, Sussex. r.f.78

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time Bee
Flarmer.— Terms on application to C. B.
BARTLETT, Sandford Mount. Charlbury, Oxon.
dJa7

iqOn FERTILE Golden Italian Queens,
Xtj^XJ guaranteed imported direct from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, lis. each;
specially selected, 15s.— GOODARE, New Cross.
WednesiQeld. X^9

ITALIAN NUCLEI, 3 frames, packed with brood
and bees, carriage paid, £2 15s.; cash with
order; box 10s., returnable. Satisfaction guaran-
teed, or money returned. Fertile Queens, l<te. 6cl.;
virgins, 5s.— E. H. TUNMER, " Chalfonts," Lei^
ton. Suffolk. ^

"TSLB OF WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

X use the solution that cures; 2a. per hottle.—

E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo. Conledon. r.da49

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not why not? Every number in itseli i»
a uaeful Uterary work for practice »fd relereMe.
Specimen copy free.— OfBcea : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House. Benaon, Oxon.

ORDERS booked for 3-fr»mo Nuclei, Fertile
Queens, Virgin Queens, ete. . ^^8t„/f
stamped, addressed enevlope.-H. CRACKNELL,
Mount Road. Thnnderaley. Eeeex. rA.zr

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold ai the pric«
nenally charged for untested qneens.-Cata-
loffue from H. STICH. fiiccartsbar Avenne.
Pjfiftley. •■•<=•"*

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.
E. PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITA Y.

I assume again the direct sale of my queens.
Special offers from July 10 till countermanded.
For queens in lots of 4 at a time £l 8s. Cash
with orders. Payment by cheques or British
Postal Orders. International Money Orders
are not accepted. I do not hold myself
responsible for the queens that are not sent
by me direct to customers. All orders should
be sent direct to me. In May the queens
dead in the journey have been less than 1 %

ORDERS BOOKED IN ROTATION.

SCIENTIFIC QUEEN REARING.

BEST

In the world.

Every

appliance and

Ids tractions.

Send for

KAT-A-LOG

MEADOWS

SYSTON.
Near LEICESTER.

CLARKE'S

I.O.W. POWDER Cure and Preventative.

No Spraying and sure cure. Simply place a
quantity on the floor board.

Extracts from testimonials : —

17//1 June, 1919.
"I tried it on 9 stocks badly infected — and one badly
infected 10 days since, swarmed yesterday. I can only
say how grateful 1 feel to you. — Yours,

'■ G. C. M.I.Mun.Eng."
6tli April, 1920.
" Please send me some more of your remedy. I cured
every hive I treated last year, and one or two friends
who used it speak highly of it." — Yours,

"G. C, M.I.Mun.Eng,"
Originals and others can be seen at any
time on request.

Price 3/6 per packet, post free, enough for
six hives.
G. F. CLARKE, BIythburgh, Halesworth.

312-

THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL. Juae 24, 1920.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address :

Signor Gaetana Plana,
Castel San Pietro,
near Rologna. Italy,

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr, W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOR 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,

9/- each queen.
Can take no more orders for June & July. Booked up.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B.BJ."
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " BJBJ." and
"B.K»R," can be addressed to him, c/o British. Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W,C.2.

Cheques payable to ' Britisb Bee Journal."

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Gel a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —

WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings. LONDON. E.C.2.

Dutch Bees.

lam Sole Agent for Hans Matthes,
the Dutch Bee Farmer who supplied the
British Government last season with
Skep stocks for their County Re-
stocking Scheme.

These bees are hardy, prolific,
healthy.

Send for Illustrated Catalogue giving
methods of management, charac-
teristics, honey-gathering and disease-
resisting powers of this race of bee.

Address —

R. WHYTE,

The Bee Farm,

Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.

5 p«r cent, discount allowed to members of tihe
Aipie Club.

HIVES AND APPLIANCES.

Immediate Dispatch. Quality O.K.

Write for Prices.

ANDREWS & CO..

Joinery and Carving Works,
78a, WESTGATE, PETERBOROUGH.

^" " — — ' ■ ■ I ■■ I ■■■■.■I.I.I I ■ ■■[!.■ Il*""* '

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. RXatBOD-HZaOPiSAXI., 83, B«dforA
street. Strand. XK>&dOB. W.C.8.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

QUEENS, NUCLEI and STOCKS of the Highest Quality. CarefuUy

bred from American and Italian atrains of world-wide reputation. Queens raised
naturally under the best conditions in strong stocks, are very vigorous and prolifae.
r Virgins mated and selected breeding queens. Delivery in rotation. Commencing at
once. STURGES, Hartford, Cheshire.

ROYAL LANCASHIRE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S SHOW

at Bolton, July 29th, 30th, 31st and August 2nd, 1920.

£30 prizes for Honey. 6 Classes. Entries close July 5th„

Applications (stating Honey Section) to

REG. O, BRADBURY. Secretary, Derby House, PRESTON.

June 24, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

m

6i

RACTERO!"

FOR BEES

2/6 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of.

" Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonou8^free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MENLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

39, Farringdon Road, London, E.C 1.

PREPARE FOR EXTRACTING.

The quickest, cleanest and most efficient on the market is the " BAIRD " EXTRACTOR,
which extracts from BOTH SIDES of the COMB simultaneously.

Particulars from G. S. BAIRD, 1, HURST ROAD, ERITH, KENT.

INSXJI^E YOUR STOCHlS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "Yadil" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C. 1.

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

BEAUTIFUL HYBRID QUEENS— REVISED PRICE 10/6

Queens Ready to Mail from June 21st onwards.
Booklet of Varieties Free.

LT. A. H. BOWEN, QUEEN BREEDER, CHELTENHAM.

Gold ens.

Fertile Queens, 12/6 each.
Mismated Queens, 10/6 each.

Our Guinea Gold Queens are quiet, healthy, hardy,
splendid workers and a lovely colour, they produce
Golden workers and Golden drones, they are bred from
stock that has never had "Isle of Wight " disease.

Strong 3 frame Nuclei with 1920

Golden Queens, 63/- carriage paid.

D. ALLBON & CO., Sunny side Apiaries, HITCfflN

POSITIVE FACTS.

June \oihy 1920.
lam very pleased with your foundation, the aroma is right and I find the bees take'
to it before any other sort. — ^Yours faithfully, R. B. Manley.

Illustrated Lists frte hi/ post.

S: J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent.

THE BRITISH BEE JPTrRKAL. June 24, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality — THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

" Everything for an Apiary,**
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY.

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

^ -^^ £ee'$ Bee Supplies, g

In design, material and workman- )l(

ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain W

the reputation of being your best and W

safest investment. w

a a a w

CI Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CAT A- Q

^ LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the M

most up-to-date hives and appliances M

for which the House of Lee is famous. }l(

a a a Jl{

fj We regret the necessity of having )l(

" to advise our Customers that owing Y{^

to the increased cost of production, all W

prices in 1920 price list are subject to O

10% increase. The increase will not M

apply to orders received before May 10. M

♦^* Five per cent discount to Memberi of cS

THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

(Telegrams: Graphic ly. Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) ^

20-Page 1920 '* WHITE STAB" List,

S^d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very mttcA rtgrel that there has been a large increase in the cost of tht manufacture of 6e«-
appliances, and therefore my prices will be advanced 10% from May lOth. Books txcepled.

Peintbd bv thb AvKNDi Pebbb (L. TJpcott Giu. & Son, Ltd.), 66-67, Deuev Lanb, Londok, W.C, »iio
PutLiBHiD poB THB PBoraiRoa (W. Hrkrod-Hehpball), by giupKiN, Massbux. 'Hamilton,
Kbmt it Co.. lyrD.. Si. & 32, PatIbnoStik fiow. £.C. _

British Beb JotJivNAt and JBBE-fefcfcPtifea* AbviSEft, July 1. 1^.

W^

JUL 30 1920

L^TLS

TWCewML
eind* J.HeTrod— |
Hemp»tJLFES.

adviser.^ ^^^^^

iCWfeckV Journal Devoted i^/Lj^titid
the Interests oj /ritT^^kSi^
Bee-Keepers.

!iT:.fS£S:M9

No. 1984. Vol. XLVIII

JULY 1, 1920.

iPubliiktd •9T9 ThuTBdmf, Prle« SA.

coifn?E:iws.

Marketing Honey .: 313

Notice to Advertisers .-. 315

A_poR8ET Yarn 315

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 314

Obliging Bees at IMAidstone 315

Confidence AND Diffidence 316

Surrey and Ouildford B.K.A 317

Beb Shows to Come 321

Correspondence—

Size of Frame ' ■ 318

Apis Club Conference Impreesione and a

Suggestion 319

Clean Quilts 319

Overworked Queens 320

Skep Making 320

Record Number of Queens 321

Were There Two Queens in tlie Swarm? — 321

WRITE FOR

FREE CATALOGUE

WITH

INSTRUCTIONS

FOR BEGINNERS.

AS MY

ARE THE

FOUNDATION OF SUCCESS

SO IS SUCCESS

MADE CERTAIN
BY

MY

E. H. TAYLOR

WELWYN,

HERTS.

Telephone: 13 WELWYN.

u

THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAL.

July 1, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

BiTlBUSEID 1873.

A We«kl7 Journal Devoted to tli«
Interests ot Bee-keepers.

:::tiit«a by t. w. cowajt, f.Ii.s., &c.,

and J. HEBBOD-HEJEFSAIiIi. TJE.S.

OoFPespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addreseed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Sabserlptlons. - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2id. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 28.
Mat/penny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by bajiks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers ia the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yoa are advised to insist on this being used wben
dealing witb strangers.

Bules aDd Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it ig requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

QoodB should not be despatohed until notice that
the money has been deposited ia received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
togetther, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both pariiee, and hold the money
until we are eatirtBed that the purchaee Is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2i
per cent, in the £.. with s minimum of 6d., and
the expenses ot Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Oaeh will be forwarded by Cheque.
Post Office Order, or by Poetal Order ae pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
w« return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and eellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westmineter Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders ehould be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any Ices thai may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering;, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until tranjgaction is satisifactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far a* price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.- These are at the seller's
risk, t.«., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.- The carriage of all goods, etccept
such as are »ent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Postage

A Modern Bee Farm 7/6 ... S^d.

Advanced Bee Culture

(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 6sd.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pexlett) 5/- ... 4d.
BEE-KEEPING SIMFI.IFIED

FOR THE COTTAGES AND

SMAIiIiHOIiDEB (W. Heerod-

Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/- ... 2d.

BEE-KEEPERS' PRACTlCAIi

NOTE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 1/- ... 2d.
BRITISH BEEi • KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan) 2/6 ... 3d.
(paper covers only)
Dissectible Model of Queen

Bee */6 ... 3d.

FERTILISATION OF FRUIT

BLOSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Fifty Years Among the Bees

(Miller) ... 6/- ... 64d.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) -/2 ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Oomstock) 5/- ... 4id.

Management of Out Apiaries 3/- ... 2d.
Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hooper, F.R.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.
PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-

lett) 10/6 ... SJd.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing

<Doouttle) ... 4/- ... 3id.

The Bee-keepers' Vade Mecum

(Geary) 2/6 ... 2d.

Snelgrove's Method of Be-

Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2Jd.
Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... Id,

MISCELLANEOUS.
Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee 3/6 ... 3d.
The Lore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER Edwardes) 2/- ... 2id.

THE BEE WORLD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... l§d.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

i , 23, bbdfobd stbbbt. Stband, London. "Vf .O.l*

July 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

^3

Marketing Honey.

Marketing their produce is a great
problem to many bee-keepers, for it is not
all who have the business ability, or are
good salesmen. We have often pointed
out the value of shows in obtaining a
market for honey, and it is gratifying to
see our list of " Bee Shows to Come "
approaching its pre-war dimensions. The
small local shows are of great assistance
to the cottage bee-keeper, enabling him
to bring his wares to the notice of con-
sumers i^ the immediate neighbourhood,
and to sell his honey locally, thus obtain-
ing better prices than if he sold whole-
sale. Shows are also educative, not only
to the consumer, but to the producer.
The consumer is educated to the value
of honey as a food, and to the superiority
of that produced at home to the great
bulk of the imported article. The pro-
ducer will learn that if he is to secure
honours on the show bench, he must not
only stage a good article, but it must be
put up in a clear and attractive manner.
The points that will gain prizes on a
show bench will, coupled with fair prices,
secure a permanent market.

The advertising possibilities of a show
are not exhausted by the show itself,
and the notices in the local ]f)ress. Mr.
J. E. Pinder, of Salisbury, sends a sug-
gestion which, though not entirely new, is
not carried out to the extent it might be
with advantage to all concerned. He pro-
poses to get a local tradesman, grocer,
or dairyman, with a good shop front, to
have, if possible, the whole of the exhibits
at the annual show of the Salisbury and
District Association in the window for,
say, a fortnight, with the list of awards.
The idea imight be adopted more gener-
ally than is done, and will be found an
excellent method of creating a market for
honey, especially if, as Mr. Pinder intends,
up-to-date advertising is done in the local
press.

Notice to Advertisers.

Owing to the greatly advanced price of
printing paper, and the increase of wages
in the printing trade, we shall be obliged
to raise the price for our " displayed " ad-
vertisements at the end of tbis month.
We are sorry to have to do this, but if we
are to carry on it is inevitable. We can

only hope this will be the last increase
we shall have to make, bufe this is by no
means certain. The revised rates as given
will come into force with the issue of the
British Bee Journal for July 1 and the
July Record.

Displayed Advertisement Rates.

British Bee Journal or Bee-keepers^

'Record.

Full page
Half page
One-third page
Qiiarter page
1| in. across page
1 in. across page
I in. across page
1^ in. single column
1 in. single column
^ in, single column

£ s. d

4 0 0

2 10 0

1 16 0

1 12 0

17 0

0 18 0

0 10 0

0 15 0

0 10 0

0 6 0

Discount for a series of consecutive dis-
played advertisements : — Six insertions
2^ per cent. ; Twelve insertions 5 per
cent. ; Twenty-sis 15 per cent. ; Fifty-two
30 per cent.

A Dorset Yarn.

" Show me the hive that had the
crawlers. I cannot credit that .Flavine
cured them." So said a gentleman visi-
tor to me on Friday. I lifted the cover-
ing and showed him how they were fill-
ing the supers (they had left them alone
for three weeks). The bees and combs were
sprayed twice, but the bees at the en-
trance were sprayed , fifteen to twenty
times in the hot part of the day. They
knew they could not fly, they crowded
the large square board that was laid in
the front. Most of them had the kink
in the wings, and they tried to fly a few
inches, but seemed paralysed. The

excreta was plentiful and of an
ochre colour; the sprayer held a quart of
water in which two handfuls of loaf
sugar were dissolved, with the small packet
of Flavine as sent out by Mr. Smith, of
Cambridge. The extra sweetness of the
spray polished the entrance of hive, the
bees sipped up the syrup, and it stopped
them from crawling away, and as others
came out tHey were sprayed. This fol-
lowed up has saved me a fine, strong
stock of bees, and they are now working
with feverish haste to make up for past
inaction. It cost me a good bit of sugar,
as I sprayed the fronts of all blacks and
hybrids, but it was money well spent.
The Italians up to now have never shown
any crawlers.

A demonstration of transferring bees
from skeps on to bars was given to a
village gathering at Verwood,.on Friday,

814

THE BUlTlsa BEE JOtTHKAL. July 1, 1920.

by Messrs. Tomlinson and Garret. The
skep was A very old one, and had for a
cover a large brown clay washing recep-
tacle holding about two bushels^ as prac-
tised by most village people in Dorset.
Large clusters of bees were hanging
round the entrance; these were placed on
the top of barSj and the parts covered up
that the skep did not cover, then the old
entrance in the skep was stopped with
clay. The combs in the next hive were
taken out and inspected by the class,
queen cells destroyed, and each comib
sprayed with • Flavine and sugar. Mr.
Garret, who is the able secretary for the
East Dorset branch of our county asso-
ciation, spoke of the advantages of all
being members of the bee fraternity, how
each would try and help others in any
diflBculty. The demonstration was of
great teaching value, as so many seem
afraid to handle bees. Squire Tomlinson
seems to have an extra amount of acumen
in manipulating the combs and showing
the villagers how simple it is to handle
them. Mr. Knight, the able schoolmaster,
invited the demonstrators, and sent out
notices of the. meeting at the village club
and hostel at Verwood.

Our bees seem to be now at their
greatest in numbers. Some of them hav-
ing the two lots of brood chambers show
no disposition to swarm, and are storing
surplus rapidly. A lot that was started
with three combs in May has finished the
firsb super. Two lots that were mad© up
of four combs the first week in June
have now filled the other new bars, and
these should do a super each when the
heather is in full flow. The stocks that
had the frames of comb taken from them
do not look like swarming yet, but seem
to be in a hurry to store honey, yet these
with two brood chambers hang at the en-
trance every night. I have placed a strip
of wood between the lifts of the case so
as to make them as cool as possible, and
have also lifted the bottom with a strip,
with a strip under the brood chamber en-
trance as well, as with so many bees it
must be excessively hot. As I stated last
week, one has an entrance into the second
brood chamber above the lower. One can
well understand the text books stating,
"Keep your stocks strong." One skep of
Italians has already filled a brood chamber
of nine bars and I have placed it on the
second lot of ten bars. By doing so we
have no swarms; they have plenty to do
without the necessity of going away to
start another colony.

This week has seen a lot of visitors at
the farm, mostly to see the bees, some to
see the raspberries, but the bee-keepers
6eem to be the best class, p'hether they ride

in a motor or pedal their own cycle. All
are full of enthusiasm for bees, both those
in the full energy of youth and those of
" crabbed age," for the lure of bees has
entered into their lives. An old man
said, " I could not have so much pleasure
in life without my bees."

Bees are not much on the white clover
in our field. I have never seen so much
for years as there is this season. The
abundant rains have made it grow won-
derfully in the pasture fields; the hees go
mostly away from the farm on to the corn-
fields ; they are busy on the laurel hedges,
on the new flowers of raspberries and as-
paragus, and on the late flowering straw-
berries, but not in such numbers as when
the gooseberries bloom. There is so much in
the woods for them; the false acacia and
the chestnuts both have so many flowers
for them. I have quoted before, " Happy
is the man who plants a tree, so that
others can sit beneath its shade, and bless
the hand that planted it." Surely every
bee-keeper should bless those who
planted these large flowering trees, from
which the bees get so much surplus honey.
— J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

It is a long time since the days imme-
diately preceding the Norman Conquest,
yet it is well to know that our Saxon fore-
fathers kept bees, and bees kept them.
Even in the days of Alfred the Great, bee
farmers were not rare. Some of the best
apiaries, it is true, were confined within
the grounds of monasteries, yet outside
their walls many a hive could be found
buzzing with life. From the Code of
Laws of Edward the Confessor we learn
that, as hitherto, tithes were to be paid of
sheep, pigs, and bees. For many cen-
turies this was religiously done, but there
came a time when here and there a bee-
owner showed an unworthy desire " to
best the parson." In a certain parish in
the West of England lived a beeman,
who did all he could to outwit the parson
and his agent. He cunningly somehow
contrived to keep his hives to the number
of nine, and since ten will not go into
nine, his tithe, or tenths, of bees never
turned up. One year, however, he placed a
brand new skep in his apiary, an incident
his vicar did not fail to note, and asked
for his tithe of bees. "It's an empty
skep, sir, wait till it's a humming, then
call," was the bee-man's reply. The par-
son had not long to wait, for a swarm
issuing from one of the skeps when the
apiarist was not at home, took flight just
upon his returning. Diligently chasing
it o'er plough and pasture, the whole
village soon knew that Owd Tom, the bee-

July 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

315

man, had a swarm which he had to chase.
This news reached the parson's ears, and
consequently he strolled out next day to
have a look at Owd Tom's bees, and, sure
enough, there were ten skeps, and bees
busily entering and leaving each one.

" Now, Tom, let's have my tithe of bees,
lad, and the blessing of the Lord be with
thee and thine house."

" Right thee away, Parson," said Tom
Store, " afore dark o' the night I'll be
along wif 'em, and may they bring thee
luck."

True to his promise, Old Tom appeared
at the Vicarage door about one hour
before sundown, and with a violent shake
he cast the bees at the parson's feet with
a "The bees be thine, but the skep is
mine," he walked away, leaving the Vicar
to collect his wits and his bees.

A week has made much difference in
the appearance of the hedge-rows. The
pink dog-roses are fading away, a more
modest creamy white rose is taking its
place. These latter peep forth from the
foot of the hedge, and do not ramble.
Sweet and pretty they, nevertheless, have
not the charm of the rambling briar. It's
wonderful what can be seen in a few
miles. Here one field red with poppies,
here another white with bladder campion
— further is a field of purple clover, the
next, maybe, a riot of corn cockle and
scabious, while the roadside has samples
of them all.

Many thanks to those readers who have
kindly written to express their apprecia-
tion of my last week's "Jottings." One
reader thought Huntingdonshire was all
dvkes and fenland, bare of hedges, and,
therefore, of briars. A strip of land in
this county running between the Ouse at
Earith and the Nene at Peterborough is
fenland ; productive but hedgeless, but
the greater portion of the county is very
pretty and undulating. This reader has
evidently not heard of the schoolboy who
wrote that Huntingdonshire was noted
for ash-trees and dog-roses — but since the
same boy wrote that in Gloucestershire
the hedges were built of stone — she per-
haps felt the lad was not to be, taken too
seriously.

1920 has been a year of surprises, not
the least being the manifestation of a new
disease among bees. This disease shows
itself in swarms that are sent away
vigorous ; crawling and distorted wings
are the prominent symptoms. Catch a
few and send to a bacteriologist, and the
report is : "No bacteria of any known bee
disease present." My attention was first
called to it by Mr. Andrews, the Peter-
borough expert, next by a swarm from
Lpighton, and again by mv kinsmen of
Runcorn. It is not deadly nor (so I
believe) infectious. While half the bees

are crawling about the other half work at
an amazing pace. The crawlers return to
the hive at night. Spraying with disin-
fectants is waste of t^me, I am inclined
to think the trouble is of the nature of
constipation, but should like to hear and
see more of it before deciding.

As last year this is proving to be a
year of swarms, but if you are hard put to
to accommodate all your swarms and have
to fall back on a skep, do not stick a tm
pan on the top without any non-conductor
of heat between the pan and the skep top.
I called at an apiary the other day, and
was asked to explain the cause of crowds
of bees clustering outside the skep. The
sun was shining in his strength, and con-
sequently the pan over the skep was
frizzling bees and wax beneath. Poor
things ! Careless hee-keepers ! The same
day I had the pleasure of looking over the
ap'ary of Miss Banks, of Paxtenhall, Bed-
fordshire, and saw hives and hives of
strong, vigorous, healthy bees. If Bed-
ford people are short of sweetstuff they
had better call that way.

Steeple Gidding. E. F. Hemming.

Obliging Bees at Maidstone.

The members of the Kent Bee-keepers'
Association, who, on the invitation of Mr.
John W. Price, were present at his apiary
on Saturday last to see a demonstration
of commercial queen-rearing, had a
unique experience.

Mr. Price began by giving a short
account of the natural history of the hive
bee — particularly of the queen — and showed
that any bee-keeper could rear queens.
All that it was necessary to do was to find
and kill the queen in a hive, and the bees
would do the rest. This method was
wasteful, and did not make for improve-
ment of stocks.

He then went on to demonstrate the
methods he used in. queen production.
Just as he began to show how Doolittle
cups were moulded, a member of the
audience facing the apiary announced
that a stock 30 yards away was swarming.
As the visitors had come from all parts
of the county in order to see the queen-
rearing, it was decided to carry on as
arranged; while Mr. Richards, one of the
members present, undertook to syringe
and quieten down the swarm. The bees
circled in the air, and, coming nearer
and nearer to the seated audience,
finally settled on a plum tree four yards
behind the lecturer and about eight from
the front row of chairs.

Swarms notorioxisly emerge at incon-
venient times, but here was the perfec-
tion of what should be. "With an audi-
ence corofortablj' seated, from the nearest

816

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

July 1, 1920.

hive in the apiary the bees emerged, and
after travelling three-quarters of the way
towards the spectators, quietly settled
like a picture swarm. Had it been stage-
managed it could not have been so well
arranged. The soaking swarm having
settled, the audience was once more able
to give full attention to the demonstra-
tion.

The cups were prepared; then, as the
grafting house was too small to accom-
modate all the visitors, the process was
demonstrated with dead material. Royal
jelly was shown. Eggs and larvae of various
ages were passed round and the correct
size for use in queen production pointed
out. The preparation of the stock for
these grafted cups wasnext indicated, and
from such a hive, consisting of a brood
chamber full of communal frames, two
supers of shallow frames topped by a
second crowded brood chamber, the lec-
turer removed for inspection three mag-
nificent queen-cells due to hatch the fol-
lowing day.

Each queen-cell is next placed in a
nucleus or small stock of bees. Here the
queen leaves the queen-cell, and a few
days later flies out on her mating trip.
Then she is called a fertile queen, and is
ready to become the mother of countless
thousands. Very occasionally, when the
virgin queen leaves for her nuptial flight,
the bees of the hive accompany her. The
" Outlook " bees had that afternoon com-
pleted the demonstration of queen-rearing,
for the swarm witnessed was due to the
bees of the hive accompanying the virgin
queen on her wedding journey.

A very small hive was pointed out, con-
taining a 1918 Penna queen, the mother of
all this year's " Outlook " queens. Other
hives were shown or opened where the
1922 mother was being sought. Italian
queens from six world-known bree-ders
were on trial for wintering, building,
storing, beauty and behaviour, so that
the best could be approximated to.

At the conclusion of the lecture the cast
was taken. A specially prepared sack,
with a stiff circle of wire sewn in the
bottom, was used. The wide, open mouth
was got round and over the bee«5. A good
shake having dropped them all into the
bag, the mouth was tied up and the sack,
with the stiff circle turned upwards, was
himg in the tree. This swarm could not
decamp; also th© flying bees collected on
the outside of the bag. and all hung till
evening, when the re-hiving took place.
Through the mosquito netting, of which
the sack is made, the bees could be seen
hanging from the top like an inverted
cone.

Tea, kindly provided by Mrs. Price,
brought to a conclusion this very exciting
afternoon. — (ComTrtunicated.)

Confidence and Diffidence.

It is surprising how eeldom bees will
sting if they are only treated with ordi-
nary fairness. Of course, one must have
a respectable lot of bees to begin with;
but, given these two things, decent bees
and rational treatment, the budding
apiarist need have little fear of too fre-
quent sub-cutaneous injections of formic
acid. At least, that has been my own
experience. In my home apiary the hives
are grouped round flower-beds, which
need constant attention to keep them in
good order. "When doing this work, I
am never more than a few feet from the
entrance of one or other of the hives, but
I do not remember being stung when
thus employed, although at such, times I
wear neither gloves nor veil.

For the successful handling of bees,
with or without smoke, confidence is a
first requisite, and it is just as necessary
for the bees to have confidence in the
manipulator as it is for him to have con-
fidence in the bees. If the past treatment
of a stock has been such as to inspire the
bees with animosity to the bee-keeper, his
task will always be attended with difl5-
culty. What is st'll worse, the conse-
quences of the disagreement will frighten
away from the craft many who would
otherwise become ardent bee-keepers.

I have frequently obsierved incidents
which illustrate the value of confidence
in handling tees, fome of which occur to
me now.

" Willie," said She- Who - Must - Be-
Obeyed, one day, *' you must really get
out of my way for a little. Take Hilda
down to the apiary and show her the bees,
and come back in ten minutes."

Well pleased, Willie ((et. 3) and Hilda
(cet. 2) toddle off hand in hand, and dis-
appear through the gate that gives from
the garden into the apiary.

A quarter of an hour later there are
alarums and excursions in the domestic
quarter. Scoldings, upbraidings, and
tearful protestations mingled in confused
clamour.

" I never hurted them, mummy; I
never did. I just did what you told me."
" I never told you to open a hive, you
naughty boy."

"Well, you said I was to ishow Hilda
the bees, and I couldn't, 'cos there was
none coming out of the holes; so I standed
on a box and took the lid off the big one
and pulled off their clothes; and when
they all came creeping oiTt Hilda was
frigrhtened and runned away, but I staved
and covered them up, and put on the lid,
and they wasn't hurted a bit." ...

An examination showed that the little
fellow's tale was perfectly true. A big
stock of Liguriens had its roof tip-tilted
and the quilts disarranged, and a eon-

July 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JDTJBNAL.

817

siderable number of the population were
perambulating in the space between roof
and supers.

It may be a good thing to begin the
practice of one's vocation at an early age,
but I think (though I am open to correc-
tion) that the age of three is a little too
soon to be giving demonstrations of the
art of manipulating stocks without
smoker, gloves or veil, and there is a lock
on that gate now.

I now recall an incident that empha-
sises the importance of cultivating the
confidence of the bees.

Once, while on a holiday, in a district
that shall be nameless, I formed the ac-
quaintance of a gentleman who had bees
that he was going to get rid of because
they were so savage that he dared not go
rear them. They were looked after by a
looal rule-of -thumb " expert," who came,
generally late in the evenings, and over-
hauled them, when, I was assured, they
stung most ferociously.

I contrived to be on hand when the
" expert " made his next visit, and had
quite an interesting chat with him. The
bees, which T could plainly see were either
natives or black Dutch, he assured me
v/ere pure " Lagoonians"; he had bred
them himself, and sold them to my friend
as a swarn'.. He did not believe in mak-
ing increase by means of the new-fangled
" new-cell-hussies " ; " better let 'em
swarm." And so forth.

Darkness was just falling, and there
was a frosty nip in the air, but. the " ex-
pert " uncovered that hive and examined
all the combs, standing a number of them
outside the hive to give him room to
handle the remaiiider.

I pointed out to the owner of the bees
what was being done, and asked him how
ho thought he would feel if someone came
and turned him and his family out of
their warm beds in the middle of a cold
frosty night, and left them on the streets
without protection. He admitted that he
would be savage and probably resist.

Well, those bees resisted — magnificently.
They were certainly " bonnie fechters,"
and it did me good to see how they
punished that " expert." They could not
reach his " onion," because he wore a veil,
but they filled his hands and arms with
stings, "and got him on the legs through
his trousers. "When he had finished his
examination and restored things to their
normal state, except for the hundred or
more bees left crawling on the grass in
the dark, the perpetrator of the monstrous
outrage wiped the sweat from his brow
and murmured, * Them beesi are a hot lot,
and no n.istake."

1 conclude with a curious example of
lack of confidence, when challenged by
inquisitive thoti^ not unfriendly bees,

in an individual otherwise courageous
enough.

In the last summer of the war I had
the pleasure of a visit from a very dear
friend, a young officer home on leave from
the front. He was full of curiosity about
my bees, but obviously distrustful of them,
find although he had won his commission
by personal bravery on the battlefield, he
flinched every time a bee went near him.
At length, in spite of my warning, he
raised his hand to beat them ofi, and that
fettled it. He had to run.

A little later he returned to the front
and took part in the great attack that
burst the Hindenburg defences and
opened the gate of victory to the Allies.
A brother officet told us how they went
into action. It was in the face of a storm
fiercer and infinitely more deadly than
any that Nature ever loosed. Each drop
of rain was a German bullet, every hail-
stone a fragment of shrapnel, every blast
the united moan of innumerable shells.
And into that inferno the soldier who had
\^inced at the hum of a bee walked as un-
concernedly as if he had been setting out
for a morning stroll, and now fills an
honoured grave in the land which he
helped to save from destruction. — Hugh
Houston, Sidcup.

Surrey County and Guildford and
District Bee-Keepers' Associations.

A most enjoyable joint garden meeting
of the above Associations was held at
Heatherwood, Pirbright, on the afternoon
of Saturday, June 26, on the kind invi-
tation of the Rev. E. C. and Mrs. Pitt-
Johnson. About 50 members attended,
including Mr. A. Seth Smith, chairman
of the Surrey B.K.A., who presided. A
very instructive address on " Manipula-
tions and Supering " was given by
Mr. W. H. J. Prior, lion, secretary Kent
(Eltham District) B.K.A. After emphasis-
ing the desirability of wintering bees upon
ample natural iood by leaving over the
brood chamber a store of. honey in shallow
frames of worker comb, which also en-
courages early brood rearing the next sea-
son, thus ensuring a strong force of bees
in readiness for the fruit blossoms, the
lecturer gave clear instructions for the
working of an apiary throuehout the year.
He explained . several methods of swarm
prevention including the " Demaree "
system, which was specially favoured for
out- apiaries, and gave directions on
nucleus and artificial swarming, when and
how to super, and when to remove the
honey to allow reasonable time for the
bees to gather their winter stores, regard
being had to the flora of the district.
Many valuable hints were given, and quee-

318

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

July 1, 1920.

tioBS were answered at the close of the
address.

The Chairmarij in the course of a few
remarks, mentioned that the Guildford
Association had arranged a honey show
in July and the Surrey Association one
in August, both at Stoke Park, Guildford,
and he expressed the hope that now that
the Surrey Association had decided to
form district branches the new system
would prove advantageous, and that the
membership would rapidly increase. He
also hoped that the Guildford Associa-
tion would become one of the branches.
After an excellent tea, served in the
delightful garden, the members inspected
the well-kept apiary, where friendly bee-
chats were indulged in, and in addition
to further advice and instruction given
by Mr. Prior, the company Listened to
helpful hints by Mr. C. T. Overton, Sur-
rey expert, who was also present. Votes
of thanks were passed, and the members
departed feeling that they had increased
their knowledge of apiculture. — {Com-
municated.)

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Size of Frame.

[10208] Your long note on my letter
(10191) is an extremely easy one to reply
to, seems to require a reply, and, though
I am heartily sick of the subject, I am
sending you the following.

I note that you do not believe that a
division through the brood chamber is no
detriment and that you have never said
so. Also that I cannot resist reading
more into your statements than is in-
tended. The words were: "We do not
attach the slightest importance to the
theory that the space between the top and
bottom sets of combs would hinder either
queen or bees."

Well, what does this sentence mean —
not what it seems to me to mean, any-
way?

[It means exactly what it says. We do
not attach any importance to the theory,
etc, ; it does not say that the space never
makes the slightest difference; it may <Jo

at times, but is so little it is not worth
taking into consideration.]

Again, I am not playing skittles. I
recommended the 16 x 10 frame because I
find it a good one. I have well tried it
for years. When you say I am unable to
see any fault in anything that suits me
you make a statement which is not in
accordance with fact. I do not care at
all whether any one uses the 16 x 10 or
any other size, except that I wish to try
and help others.

What I deprecate is just this. You,
sir, say plainly you think the standard
the best frame. Well and good. But
why not stick to it? You have not had
much experience of this 14 x 12 frame,
yet you recommend people to take it up
in preference to the 16 x 10. I know by
experience it is a bad — in fact, an im-
practicable frame — and I am bound in
common honesty to say so. Why, then,
should you be put out? This deep, square
frame was a failure in America, and was
abandoned. You attempted to show that
this was not so in the September number
of The Bee Woi'^ld, and I tried to set you
right, but you stuck to your guns until
the Al Root Company finally pointed out
that you had made a mistake.

It is not that I want or care to per-
suade you, but I must in common honesty
tell people what I know, and that is, that
whoever takes up the 14 x 12 is courting
disaster. There are many good frame.«
in use, viz., the Langsworth, Dadant,
Jumbo and 16 by 10. If people want a
change, why not use one of these; or if
they don't want a change, why not stick
to the standard.

I must ask you to believe one state-
ment, and that is that the whole ques-
tion is with me entirely impersonal. I
do not, personally, care if every one takes
up a square frame ; but I must state what
I know to be facts about it.

With regard to the last part of your
first paragraph. Twenty years ago few
Italians <vere in use. The British bee
was in use in overwhelming proportions.
Consequently, there was less demand for
a large frame. Also, the very strong
conservatism of the B.B.K.A, will, I ex-
pect, have acted as a strong deterrent.
However, I have yet to hear of any one
having once started on it who has given
it up in favour of standard, except
breeders, who must supply the public,
and even these often keep large-frame
stocks for honey production themselves.

The last paragraph of your remarks is
pure theory. I need not comment on it,
as it has very little bearing on the sub-
ject of frame sizes.

In conclusion, may I point out that
what suits you or me or any one is of
no importance. The question is what

July 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

319

suits the bges. But I willingly admit
that I can see no benefit in using an ap-
pliance such as the 14 x 12 frame that
has been proved over and over again,
both here and in America, to be unsuit-
able for the bees Yours faithfully.

R. B. Manley.

P.S. — Could not Mr. Tedcroft explain
the meaning of paragraph 5 in his letter
"Sugar Feeding," "By being fed in
early autumn they raise a large brood,
and don't eat so much"? I'm rather
thick in the head, and can't quite make
it out, and I feel quite anxious to under-
stand what it's all about.

[We assure Mr. Manley we are not in
the least " put out," and our remarks as
to reading more into our notes than we
said, or intended, did not refer to that
letter only. As regards the size of the
frame, we made our position quite cle-ar,
and we leave those who have read Mr.
Manley's letters to judge whether he
would or would not like to persuade
everyone to scrap the standard frame
and adopt the "commercial" size. No
doubt some will do so, but we venture to
say the present standard frame will not
only survive, but still be the standard
years hence. It may be interesting to
our readers to know that in one of the
best known and largest queen-rearing
apiaries in Italy — the native home of the
prolific Italian queens — the colonies of
iDees that are doing the best are on
British standard frames.

The above letter was received before
Mr. Atkinson's article appeared in the
B.B.J, for June 10.— Eds.]

Apis Club Conference Impressions
and a Suggestion.

[10209] Considering the far-reaching
range of the Apis Club and the newness
of its constitution, the attendance at the
first annual conference at the Central
Hall, Westminster, on the last Saturday
afternoon in May, was not altogether
disappointing ; many members having
travailed long distances to be present ;it
the initial meeting, with an eagerness
that betokens enthusiasm and keen in-
terest in the welfare and future proceed-
ings of the Club.

Yet it must be acknowledged that the
rate of one out of every twenty is a very
meagre proportion, and members should
look to it, and feel that their presence,
even if their voices are silent, is required
at the next meeting, whenever and wher-
ever that may be.

The gathering was certainly to be con-
gratulated in having in its midst, such
an able and capable chairman as Mr.
J. B. Lamb, to preside over their meet-

ing, and the fullest confidence of all pre-
sent went with the representative com-
mittee elected towards the close.

As may be imagined, from the com-
mencement the whole of the proceedings
were centred round and dominated by the
financial affairs of the undertaking, which,
when made known, put aside every other
consideration for the time being ; and the
members were visibly nonplussed by the
overwhelming task Dr. Abushady had
borne with such perseverance and with
such inadequate support for a whole year
in bringing forth that finest publication
in beedom — the " Bee World " — ^apart
from the enormous work in the formation
of the Club.

One very cheering note was the fact that
new members were still being enrolled,
and at the average rate of two or three
every day; and on reviewing the discus-
sions the writer feels that this fact is an
extremely hopeful foundation to build
upon, and he would like to make the sug-
gestion that his fellow members do their
utmost to encourage and increase this en-
rolment if possible, by each canvassing
his or her bee-keeping friends with a view
to inducing them to join. Lend them
any copy of the "Bee World" (they are
too precious to give away) for their per-
usal, if they have the craft at heart, a
plimpse through its pages will be sufiicient
inducement ; in this way, we can swell the
membership and thereby greatly encour-
age the work of the representative com-
mittee authorised by the conference in
their deliberations with the founders.

We have hitched our wagon to a star ;
our aims are high and noble, and we can-
not retract or reduce them. But their
attainment can only be fulfilled by each
doing his share, and that for the moment
seems to be to help to swell the numbers.

We cannot do less. — L. W. Walton,
West Bridgford, Nottingham.

Clean Quilts.

[10210] Be 1075, Mr. Manley's note to
Mr. Aimes. I was very interested in
this; note, and should like to point out a
little mistake.

Mr. Manley thinks I had few bees under
the quilts. May I state I had seven
frames of baby bees, much brood and
abundance of honey. After putting them
into a large, wide hive which was built
to my idea, having 2^ in. between supers
and outer casing for room to tuck down
quilts, also see supers on straight, I took
a swarm 12 lbs. in weight. Why my quilts
aro perfectly clean is, I place a double-
wired honey board over brood, so queen
and bees have the run of all combs. My

320

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

July 1, 1920.

'quilts are placed on top, feed holes cut
and cork-folding quilt slightly raised on
top on four thin sticks. The bees never
touch a quilt. All is well till March, and
by giving a puff of smoke and lifting
board off, like lifting a table top, one
can uncap honey which lasts into May.
Syrup time arrives^ and the platform for
bottle is placed- where the candy bos was.
This all prevents having to spread brood,
as all combs are occupied by bees and
brood. One does not find a stiff, hot
guilt in a filthy state, but these quilts are
washed and ironed and put in a drawer.
When super time arrives the board is
placed over the shallow frame supers,
tiered up to allow air to pass through this
huge mass of bees that are working on
two shallow supers, holding 15 frames each
over wired excluder. Have I made myself
clear? — C. Tredcroft.

Overworked Queens.

[10211] Concede me the space of a few
lines to comment upon letter 10196,
British Bee Journal, June 17, by Major
Littledale.

The overwork theory propounded by me
and discussed by Mr. Edwards and others
has no reference to the queen. Mr. Cobb,
of Plumstead, holds that the queen lays
eggs which produce debilitated bees when
overworked. I maintain that the lower-
ing of stamina in the bees which gives rise
to " Isle of Wight " disease or which
renders the individual bee prone to attack
by this disease, has its incidence some
time after the bee has left its cocoon, and
that the rate of ovipositing of the queen
affects not the brood but the brooding
bees. In fact, my theory is but an elabo-
ration of Gerstung's " Futtersaftlehre "
of which I knew nothing when I first dis-
cussed the idea of overwork in connection
with "Isle of Wight " disease.

Major Littledale is at some trouble to
cite a parallel case of an overworked man,
I am afraid his " reasoning is unsound,"
too. Why drag in man ? Is it not possible
to argue out the points of the overwork
theory without leaving the subject, i.e.,
the bee colony? I think so.

Mention is niade of Simmins' " plump-
ing'' method of building up a colony of
bees. Here is the opportunity for the
opponents of my " overwork " theory if
they would only recognise it. If plump-
ing, as advocated and described by Mr.
Simmins, is a success, then the overwork
theory is finally disposed of ; not only, but
Gerstung's brood juice theory is also so
much empty drivel. Perhaps the advo-
cates and tigers of the plumping method
will state their experiences. I quite appre-

ciate that the regular administration oi
a comb fuU of eggs to a well-balanced
colony of bees with an indifferent queen
will work wonders if the bee-keeper knows
just how much brood that colony can
rear; but to state that a colony of bees
with a good queen can, and will, rear more
brood than it can obtain from its own
queen requires proof which it will be very
difficult to furnish. On the other hand,
the arguments against plumping are
numerous and easily substantiated, but
this letter being already longer than I had
intended, I will leave the bee colony as
my critic did, and ask hiin what he thinks
would happen if unto a female mammal in
milk were given the offspring of a sister
to be reared along with her own? Then
when his thoughts return to the bee colony
let him remember that the mammary
glands, or their equivalent, are not
organs possessed by the queen mother, but
by the nurse bees. H. M. Stich, Paisley.

Skep Making.

[10212] Seeing instructions in the
Bee Journal about making straw skeps
I may be able to help. In the first place,
the brambles (blackberry) should be cut
iu the winter months, and should not be
12 months' old, then they should be split
and left to dry for a little while. When
using them scrape the inside out with a
rather blunt knife, and they will work
without wetting. The straw shoifld be
what is called in Cornwall, hand-made
reed. All the flags (leaves) should be
pulled oft", and the ears cut off, then take
a little reed about the size of a man's
finger and bind it very tightly witli a
bramble, keeping it as round as possible.
Have it long enough so that when turned
it will make a hole as large as required,
then proceed gradually, making the rings
a little larger until you have them about
an inch thick. A bullock's horn is the
best guide for the reed; pull the brambles
as tight as ever they can be pulled. For
making the holes for the brambles use a
bradawl about | in. thick. About 22 or 23
rings will make a large hive. My father
used to keep a lot of bees, all in straw
skcps with flat tops, and made them all
himself. He had as many a§ 70 stocks
one time, all in wooden houses, about 20 iu
a house.

I myself drove some bees 30 years ago
from a skep that the man said my father
made 50 years before, so they were made
fairly well.

If I can, by writing, help anyone how
to make it I will do my best if they will
write to me, o/o British Bee Jottrnal
Office. — J, Short.

July 1, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

321

Record Number of Queens.

[10213] I give you some interesting in-
formation regarding another of my
hives: —

May 21. — Swarmed.

May 22. — Cut out queen cells and put
swarm back, killing old queen as pre-
sumed ; young queen had emerged
although I did not see her.

June 3. — Weather been cold and dull for
about a week. Found six dead queens
thrown out on alighting board.

June 4. — Swarmed.

June 5. — Two casts came off. Opened
hive and cut out 18 queen cells from
which 13 young queens emerged at once;
queens piping. Put back into hive
swarm an'd two casts, swarm had two
queens, one cast had one queen, one
cast had three queens. Total — six queens
thrown out, thirteen queens from hive,
sis queens from swarms and five queens
cells — 30. Surely this is a, record.

I have given, them plenty of super room
in advance of requirements, and they
have already gathered about 30 lbs. honey.

— J. N. TiTHERIiEY.

["The colony has certainly reared a large
number of queen cells. If foreign races
of bees are taken into account it is by
no means a record. We have seen a
single comh at the Apis Club House at
Benson with more than that number of
queen cells on it, which had been taken
from a colony of hybrid Egyptian. The
Egyptian bees rear an enormous quan-
tity of queens. In an interesting con-
versation we had with Dr. Gough, from
the Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo, he
said he had known 300 queens in one
hive. We do not think 30 will be a record
for the Italian, Dutch, natives, or their
various crosses we now have in this coun-
try.—Ena.]

Were There Two Queens in
the Swarm ?

[10214] On May 26, a swarm came out
and I hived it same evening. This
lot has been doing well ever since. Three
days later I went through parent hiv(
which had two racks on, and took oiit
three empty queen cells. Ten days later
I was looking for casts, but weather
was bad, and nothing happened until to-
day (June 11). A second and third lot
came out, settling near each other at mid-
day. After about three hours, one lot
dispersed and appeared to return to hive.
At 5.30 I took the other which was quite
a good swarm. They took to the skep
quite well, and went into a hive in good

style. From this I presumed there must
have been a queen. After securing the
swarm I saw a small cluster — size of cocoa-
nut — still in bush, and these I got into a
little bell skep. Throwing them to the
parent hive I saw and killed another
queen. I have it now, so that there ap-
pears to have been two queens in the
Swarm. Is this an unusual occurrence? —
F, Knight,

[It is not unusual for more than one
queen to issue with second, or later
swarms. We have seen more than two
queens in one cluster of bees, sometimes
several clusters of bees will be formed,
each one accompanied by a queen, and
as a rule these are all virgins. — Eds.]

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2s. 6d. is made for notices
(not exceeding 7 lines) in this column, 10 lines
charged Zs. 6d., up to 15 lines 5s., which covert
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

June 29 to July 3, at Darlington.— Royal
Agricnitnral Sockty'B Show, Bee and Honey
&&ctlon, under the direction of the B.B.K.A. Prizes
arranged in groups of counties for Aeeoclations
affiliated to the B.B.K.A. Schedules from The
Secretary, 23. Bedford Btreet, Strand. W.C.«.
Entries closed.

July 6, 7 and 8, at Cardiff,— Eoyal Horti-
cultural Society's Show. The Glamorgan B.K.A.,
in conjunction with R.H.S., offer prizes for Honey,
Wax, Bees, and Appliances. Members, Novicee.
and Open Clas-oee. Schodnles. Mr. Wiltshire,
Maindy School, Cardiff. Entries closed.

July 14.— Wickham Bishops and District Bee-
keepers' Co-operative Association. Group 2.— Open
to bee-keepers resident in Essex. Class 79.— Four
Sections; 1st prize, 76. 6d.; 2nd, 5s. Cla«6 80.— 1 lb.
Extracted Honey; 1st prize, 5s.; 2nd, 3s. Class 81.
— 1 lb. of Wax (in 2-oz. cakes), let prize, 5s.: 2nd,
39. Group 3.— For bee-keepers' reeident in ihe
British Islee. Class 82.— 1 lb. glass jar of 1920 Run
or Extracted Honey; 1st prize, 20s.; 2nd prize,
lOs. 6d. Exhibits in Class 82 to be the property
of the Association, and to be given to hospitals
in County of Essex. Entrance fee 6d. per class.
Rules for exhibiting on back of entry form.— All
entries to be sent to C. W Cockbnrn, Hon. Sec.,
Meadow Bank, Wickham Bishops. Witham, Essex.
Entries dose July 2.

July 15 and 16, at Grimsby.- Lincolnshire
Agricultural Society. Show of Bee Appliances.
Honey, Sections, Wax, etc., under the manage-
ment of the Lines B.K.A. Open and Count.v
riasses'. Valuable prizes— Scheduler from Major
Hafideld, Alford, Lines. Entries closed.

July 20 to 23, at Aberdeen.- Highland and
Agricultural Society. Classes for Bee Appliances
and Honey. Premiums £53 10s. Half of Prize
Money and Silver and Bronze Medals contributed
by the Scotti.sh Bee-keepers' Association.— Entry
forms from John Stirton, Secretary, 3, George IV.
Bridge, Edinburgh.

July 21, Wyke and Normandy Horticul-
tural Society.- Honey Classes (Open). Best
three sections, 5s., Ss., 23.; Run Honey, light, 3
1-lb. glass jars, 5s., 3s., 29.: Run Honey, dark, 3
1-Ib. glass jars, 5s., 3s., 2s. Entrance fee, 6d.^Par-
ticulars, H. L. Mumford, Hon. Sec., Heatherside,
Normandy, Guildford.

322

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

July 1, 1920.

July 21, at Broughton, Bants.— <>p«n

Classes: Single 1-lb. Bottle, Single Section; prizes,
20s., 15s., 10s.— Schedules from Chas. Hoare.
Broughton, Hante.

July 21, Bishoi>stoke, Rants, ai the Boyal
Southampton Horticultural Society's Show. — Bit-
terne and Swanmore Bee-keepers* Association's
Honey Show. Four Open Classes.— Schedules, C. D.
Cawsey, Clifton Villa, Bitterne, Hants.

July 24 (postponed from 17th), at Guild-
ford.—Guildford and DiBtrict Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation. Members and Open Classes. — ^Schedules and
prize list from Rev. E. C. Pitt-Johnson (Hon! Sec),
Heatherwood, Pirbright, Surrey. Entries close
July 10.

July 28, at Blandford.— The Blandford and
District Horticultural Society are holding a Show
of Fruit, Vegetables, Flowers, and Honey in the
Park, adjoining the Crown Meadow, Blandford.
Prizes for honey by the Dorset B.K.A. for mem-
bers of the Association. — Schedules from C. 6.
Bope (Dorset Bee-keepers' Association), County
Education Office, High West Street, Dorchester.

July 29 to August 2, at Bolton. — Royal
Lancashire Agricultural Society's Show. £30 prizes
for Honey. Six Classes.— Schedules (stating
Honey Section) from R. O. Bradbury, Secretary,
Derby House, Preston. Entries close July 5.

August 2, at Bredon.— Annual Show of the
"Worcestershire B.K.A. Three open classee. Sche-
dules from Geo. Richings, 42, Barbourne Boad,
Worcester. Entries close July 26.

Monday and Tuesday, August 2 and 3, at

Newport.— Monmouthshire Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Annual Show (in connection with the New-
port Allotment Holders' Association). Members
and Open Classes.— Schedules (post free 3d.) from
Hon. Sec, " Underwood," Portskewett, near
Chepstow, Monmonthshire. Entries close
July 26.

August 4, at Shedfield, Hants, in conjunc-
tion with the Shedfield Horticultural Society's
Show, Hants and Isle of Wight Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciations. Swanmore and Bitterne Branches.
Classes for Comb and Extracted Honey,— Schedules
from the Hon. Sec, A. F. Hardy, Esq., The
Palace House, Bishop's Waltham, Hants.

August 7, at Barnstaple.— Barnstaple and
District Horticultural Exhibition, to be held in
the Market Hall. Five Open Classes for Honey.—
Schedules from Hon. Secretary, 19, Grosvenor
Street, Barnstaple.

August 11, at Wye.— Kent Honey Show.
Thirty classes, half of which are open to U.K.
Four Silver Cups and 75 other prizes. Schedules,
Mr. A. Lepper, Wye. Entries close August 1.

August 14 and 16, at Cannock, Staffs.—

Eight open classes for honey, etc. Prizes value
£12. Schedules from J. Bird, Secretary, "Glen-
may," Allport Road, Cannock.

August 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal prizes.
-Schedules from Mr. P. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

August 14, at Iilanelly.— Carmarthenshire
B.K.A. Show, in connection with the Llanelly and
District Horticultural Society's Show. Liberal
prizes (nearly £15) offered for Honey, Wax,
and Appliances. 15 Classes (7 Open).— Schedules
from R. Lloyd Roberts, London Joint, City and
Midland. Llanelly. Entries close August 6.

Saturday, August 28, at Hinckley.—

Leicestershire and Rutland Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion, in connection with Hinckley Flower Show.—
Open Classes for Honey, Sections and Jars. Prizes,
128. 6d., 7a. 6d., and 46. 6d. in each class. Judge,
J. Herrod-Hempaall, F.E. 8.— Schedules from A.
Kimbrell, Esq., Clarendon Road, Hinckley.
Entries close August 23.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen open classes in Honey
Section. Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. Entrlei? cl^M Wovem*

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

On« Penny per Word.

Will adveftisera please read these Rules ears-
fullv in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictlv adhered to.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Qumim,
and Bee goods are not permistible at above rate,
but will be inserted at li&. per word as " Bub1«
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per iin., or 6«. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISBMSNTS are only in-
tended lor readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or Imported tor sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. emtra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
Hisertion in the V* Journal " the same week.

PRIVATE ASVERTISEinXENTS.

FOR SALE, five W.B.C. Section Backs, 56. each;
50 slotted' iMtetal Dividers. 6s., or Is. 6d. per
dozen.— FOLDS, Breachwood Green, Welwyn. g.l

FOR SALE, W.B.C. Hives, Wax Extractor,
Shallow Frames, drawn out; other Appliances.
—HOUGHTON, Market Street, South Normanton,
Derbyshire. g.2

NEW HIVE, fitted out complete, 12 standard
frames, wired rack of drawn-out shallow
frames, excluder, and a rack of sections, foun-
dation in all, £3 Ss.—GREEN, New Dale, Wel-
lington, Salop. g.3

FOR SALE, several surplus Stocks and Nuclei,
Dutch-Italians. — BROOKS, Winthorpe.
Newark-on-Trent. g.4

ITALIAN HYBRIDS.— Three strong, healthy
6-frame Nuclei, 55s. each; box 10s., returnable;
cash with order. 1920 Queens. Three strong
Swarms, 25s. and 30s. each.— H. ROBINS, 290,
Priory Road, St. Denys, Southampton. g.5

NUCLEUS, 5 frame, 1920 Queen, Dutch, 32s. 6d.,
carriage paid; box 66. 6d., returnable.—
BLADES, 7S, Chestnut Grove, New Earswick,
York. g.6

NEW Light Lincolnshire Honey for Sale, £8 8s.
per cwt.— WILLIS, New Leake, Boston, g.7

EXCHANGE, Italian or Hybrids, Jap Fiddle
with case, " Hobbies," with over 50 designs,
" Watch " Camera (postage stamps) and Enlarger,
Telescopic Tripod, "4 ft. to 14 in., in leather case,
Watkins' Tank for J-plate and 3J x 2J, Roller
Burnisher for prints. Stamp for replies. Deposit
B.B.J.— McCATHIE, Rosebank, Victoria Road,
Kirkcaldy. ' g.8

COLONIES, 50s.; Casts, 32s. 6d.— MRS. FRED
BATCHELOR. Bailey's Farm, near Bendish,
Whitwell-Herts. For telegrams, Whitwell-Herts is
counted one word. g.9

3 CWT. new Light Cambridgeshire Honey, £8
per cwt. to take bulk: 28-lb. tin, 42s. 6d.; tins
to be returned; sample 6d.— SULMAN, Wilburton,
Ely. g.lO

WANTED, to sell at once, three surplus Stocks
healthy Bees, 10 frames. £4 per stock. Pur-
chaser to send boxes.- JEWITT, Hensall, near
Goole, Yorks. g.H

C100D Second Swarms, 360-lb. strain, 25b.. car-
X Tiaere paid: boxes' to be returned.— BUTLER.
West Road, Histon, Cambs. g.ia

FINEST Golden Clover Honev, sample and nrice
6H.; also Jjwarms— NOJITH, Crossing. Brain-
tree, Essex. • f.l3

July 1, 1920. Mii BRITISH BEt) JOtJMAL.

STRONG STOCK, 7 or 8 frames, this year's
swarm. What offers? Deposit— ANDRE WES,
Beech House, Marlow. g.l4

FOR SALE, strong Stock on 6 frames, Wzo
Queen, Italians, £2 lOs.; crate, returnable,
78. 6d.— SMART, " Mithian," Warlingham. Surrey.

g.l5

FOR SALE, two 4-lb. June Swarms, hived on 6
frames, full sheets foundation and wired, 5<te.
each, carriage paid; boxes charged 7s. 6d., return-
able.—KNIGHT. Kenwyn, Truro. g.l6

THREE etrong lO-frame Stocks, supered, Italian
Blacks. What offers for bees, supers, hives,
etc.? Ouaranteed healthy; must clear.— E.
WATERHOUSE^ Watford Field House. Watford.
g.l7

FOR SALE, two bar frame Hives, good con-
dition, 9 dozen Metal Ends, two Queen
Excluders, one Brice Swarm Catcher, one Porter
Escape in board, four Supers, including frames,
one Smoker, 33 sheets Super Foundation, 14 sheets
Standard Foundation, 12 Standard Frames with
foundation, Spurr Embedder, one Rapid Feeder,
one Taylor's Stage Feeder; all in good condition
and free from disease. What offers the lot? —
Apply, WARREN, Alagwyn Farm. Llanelly. g.l8

WANTED, good revensible Extractor, 4-frame
preferred, with large pockets.— Full par-
ticulars and price. E. W. D. MADOC, Mattishall,
Dereham. g.l9

WANTED, few pounds each First Grade Light,
Medium, Dark Honey, also light-coloured
Moulded Wax, light Golden Sections, Honey, Mead
and Vinegar for school object lesson.— J. OLLIER,
32, Stanfield Road, Burslem. Stoke-on-Trent. g.20

EXTRACTOR wanted for standard and shallow
frames.- W. COLDICOTT, Westfield Road,
Wellingborough. g.21

FOR SALE, strong Stock on 8 frames, £3; also
one 5-frame Nuclei, 35s. (botlh 1920 Queens);
boxes extra.— BROWN, 3, iM'aidens Bridge,
Waltham Cross. g.22

OVERPLUS BEES FOR SALE.-Apply early,
strict rotation, enclosed stamped envelope
particulars. — BARUCH - BLAKER, Waxrilow
Apiary, Barnham, Sussex. r.f.l36

ONE Second-hand W.B.C. and two Cottage
Hivee, clean, five Shallow Box^, three Sec-
tion Racks, sale £3 15a. lot. or separate.— D. J.
HEMMING, Runcorn. r.f.l43

WO HYBRID ITALIAN STOCKS, on 10
frames, 1919 Queens, guaranteed healthy,
£4 108. each, travelling box 10s., returnable; Eng-
lish Honey. 28 lb. tins, £2.— WALLIS, 211, Lower
Road, Botherhlthe. 8.E. f.l60

FOR SALE, several stocks healthy Bees, snpered,
£4 lOe. per stock.— BIDDINGS, South Mimms.
Barnet. f.l82

SALE.— Exhibitor proceeding abroad; complete
Apicultural Requisites, including Plate-glass
Trophy, Observatory, and other Hives, Extraoior,
Smokers, etc.; half catalogue prices.— SWABET.
Bracebridge Heath, Lincoln. r.f.l62

BASSES selected Fish supplied, carriage paid,
exchanged for Swarms.— ELVIDGB, Whole-
sale Fish Merchant, Grimsby. r.f.l64

WANTED, by experienced man, situation as
Manager apiary or bee department of nursery
or fruit farm.— Particulars. " J.," Box 89, B.B J
OtGce. 23, Bedford Street. Strand, W.C.2. f.l05

IpOR SALE, Second-hand all guaranteed clean
exceptionally well made W.B.C. hives, with
oak lege; also combination hivee, £2 each; well-
made shallow frame boxes, 3s. each; Queen ex-
cluders, is. 3d. each.— DAVID HANCOX. Grove
hoa^e, Deddlngton, Oxon. f.l8i

BRITISH HYBRIDS, colonies in Skeps. 57s. 6d.
— PRYOR, Breachwood Green, Welwyn. r.f.l78

DUTCH VIRGIN QUEENS, 4s. 6d.; fertile,
8s. 6d., from County Restocking Apiary.—
ANDREWS. Expert. 78a, Westgaie, Peterborough,

f.lOO

BUSZITESS ADVZRTISEMElfTS.

X^d. p€r wortl.

DOES BREEDING SPECIALISATION PAY—
FOR YOU?— "The queens I have had from
you so far are absolutely ' it.' I'm gone on
them. I have recommended several men to have
bees from you."— R. M., 25/6/20. Now does it?—
ATKINSON. Fakenham. r.g.23

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt delivery;
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing stock, August-September.— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. r.g.25

NUCLEI.— Hybrids, 3 frames, 32s. 6d.; 4 frames.
42s. ; boxes 56.. returnable.— EKINS, Hill Top,
Burntwood, Staffs. g^

STRONG, healthy Stocks and Nuclei, delivery
by return, crowded with bees and brood, young
Queens, Penna's strain, good disease resisters, new
combs well wired, excellent condition for surplus;
seven combs, 70s.; four combs, 45s.; boxes 10s.,
returnable.— HILLMAN. Bridge House, Stone-
house, Glos. g.26

BRITALIANS."— A fine strain of British Bees,
queens mated to selected Penna Italian
drones; 3-frame Nuclei, 47s. 6d., carriage paid.
Send for particulars.- ALUN JONES. Halkyn,
Flintshire. g^

DUTCH-ITALIAN NUCLEI, 2, 3 and 4 frame,
1920 Queens, 305., 40s. and SOs. respectively;
immediate delivery; cash with order. — ALFD.
PARKIN, 72, Doncaster Road, Leicester. g.28

FEW STOCKS of Italians on 10 frames, ready
for supering, £4; Nuclei, 10s. per frame; boxes -
lOs., returnable.— HENSLEY, Luton Apiary,
Queens Road, Chatham. g.29

EGYPTIAN-ITALIAN VIRGIN QUEENS, per
return post, 5s.; also pure Italian Virgins,
3-frame Nuclei, Italian or Egyptian, 5<te. Imme-
diate delivery.— BARLOW, Bee Expert, Newcastle,
Staffs. g.30

NUCLEUS (surplus), 3 frames, fine condition,
satisfaction guaranteed, fertile Italian Queen
(from Penna's 1920 queen), 50s.; box 10s., return-
able; Queens, as above, fertile, 10s.; Queens,
Hybrid Italian, fertile, 8e. 6d., virgins, 4s. In
rotation.— WARD, 16, Church Road. West Kirby.
g£

TO CLEAR, a few dark fertile Hybrids, 66.—
ASHWORTH, The Bungalow, Weymouth
Street, Warminster. g.32

6 -FRAME COLONIES, Italian Hybrid, crowded
bees and brood, disease-resisting Penna strain,
splendid workers, 60s., carriage paid; boxes,
returnable, 10s.— STIMSON, The Apiary, Brad-
field, Berks. g.33

1 Q9n PURE Fertile Italian Queens, direct from
Lu^yJ the well-known French breeder. Abbe
Warre, 7i5. 6d. each.— Orders for execution in rota-
tion to ELLIOTT, Kelvin Road, Ipswich. r.e.l04

PROLIFIC ITALIAN QUEENS, fertile 10s..
virgin 5s.; few more Nuclei, 42s. 6d. — YOUNG,
One Hundred Elms Apiary, Central Road, Sud-
bury, Middlesex. r.f.l27

THE FLAVINE TREATMENT.— We should have
been g:lad to have told about our experiments
with Flavine in the bee papers, but the editors
would not accept our notes. So in 1918 we pub-
lished some of them under the title " Intensive
Bee-keeping for Honey Production and Disease
Control " at 6d. The 4th edition of this booklet is
now ready.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway,
Cambridge. g.36

324

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

July 1, 1920:

TTALIAN HYBRID QUEENS, quiet, liardy,
-L prolific strain; fertiles, 10s.; virgins, 38,—
JACK TICKELL. W«6tbouni« Apiaxy, Chelten-
liam. g.34

DUTCH and Dutch-Italiaa 4 (four) frame
Nuclei, 50 for July, delivery now, £.1 5s., car-
riage paid.— SEALE, Ashley Cottage. Oatlands
Brivje, Walton-on-Tihames, Surrey. g.35

DUTCH BEES, Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthee), Nuclei, Queens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.—Buy direct from Sole Agent, WHYTE. Bee
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonsiire. b.61

PURE ITALIANS.— Imported Penna 1920 Queens,
four frames, 45s.; eix, 55s.; eight, 65s.; 10,
75s. Hybrids, good strain, 5s. less. Carriage paid;
boxes returnable.— WADHAM, Gold Street, Cardiff.

r.f.l66

FERTILE QUEENS.— 1920 home bred Italians,
finest strain obtainable, immediate delivery,
12s. 6d. each.- GOATH, Cottage Apiary, Endlebury
Road, Chingford, Essex. f.l67

WIGHT" DISEASE, prevention and removal;
advice 6s.— ALFD. RYALL, Kenwood
Apiary, Elcombe, Stroud. r.f.l61

NUCLEI, 1920 Italian Queens, 4-frame, 60s.;
swarms, Italian, 45s. ; boxes 10s., returnable. —
C. HOGAN, Boxford. Suffolk. r.f.l75

ITALIAN COLONIES, Simmine' and Penna
strains.— No more orders for colonies. A few
more Nuclei offered at 45s., 3 frames certain.
Members of Middlesex Bee-keepers' Association
5 per cent, discount.— R. R. BABBAGE, 33. White-
stile Road, Brentford. r.f.l33

NUCLEI.— Three frames, best hybrids. Penna,
etc.; 1920 Queens, fertile, immediately, 35e.—
MOORE, 31, Monmouth Road, Dorchester. f.l65

ITALIANS.— Queens, 6s.; virgins, 3s. Stamp. —
HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup. f.ll8

ITALIAN HYBRID BEES (immediate delivery),
disease-resisting strain, 1920 Queens, 4-frame
Nuclei, 45s. ; travelling box 10s., returnable ; Stocks
from 10- to 20-frame at 8s. 6d. per frame.—
STARKEY, 55, Stafford Rd., Brighton. r.f.l34

4-FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 503.; box charged 10s., returnable;
6-frame Stocks, 70s.; 8- frame Stocks, 90s. Imme-
diate delivery. All guaranteed free from disease.
—LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary," Burgess Hill,
Sussex. r.f.77

6-FRAME STOCKS in bar-frame hives at £5
each, free on rail; Italian fertile Queens,
lOs. 6d. each. Daily deliveries.— LEE, " Little
Bowden Apiary," Burgess Hill, Sussex. r.f.78

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time Bee
Farmer.— Terms on application to C. B.
BARTLETT, Sandford Mount, Charlbury. Oxon.

^___^___ d.ia7

IQOA FERTILE Golden Italian Queens,
x.%jlA} guaranteed im'ported direct from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, . 10s. each;
specially selected, 14s.— GOODARE, New Cross,
Wednesfield. f.59

"TSLB OP WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

-l use the solution that cures; 28. per bottle.—

E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Couledon. r.d.l49

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why notP Every number in Itself ifl
a useful literary work for practice and referenc*.
Specimen copy free.-OfBces : THE APIS CLUB.
Port Hill House, Bensoa, Oxon.

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
logue from H. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue,
Pai^ey. r.c.116

HIVE ROOFS.

Why risk losing your bees through having leaky
roofs when you can get

ABSOLUTELY WEATHERTIGHT ROOFS?
24 in. X 24 in., 13s. 6d.; 24 in. x 20 in., 13s, 3d.;
and 20 in. x 20 in., 13s, each; f.o.r. London.
Roofs are galvanised, and also treated by a
special process to prevent condensation. Special
terms for quantities. Order early, and avoid delay
in delivery.

LARMUTH,
MoNAHAN Avenue, PtriaEY.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.
E. PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY.

I assume again the direct sale of my queens.
Special offers from July 10 till countermanded.
For queens in lots of 4 at a time £\ 8s. Cash
with orders. Payment by cheques or British
Postal Orders. International Money Orders
are not accepted. I do not hold myself
responsible for the queens that are not sent
by me direct to customers. All orders should
be sent direct to me. In May the queens
dead in the journey have been less than 1 %

ORDERS BOOKED IN ROTATION.

I wish to thank Mr. S. H. Smith for the
help he has givdn me during the crisis in our
postal service.

SCIENTIFIC QUEEN REARING.

BEST

In the world.

Every

appliance and

Instructions.

Send for

KAT-A-LOG

MEADOWS

SYSTON.
Near LEICESTER.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address;

Signor Gaetano Piana,
Castel San Pietro,
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,

9/- each queen.
Can take no more orders for June & July. Booked up.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must aocompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaxan-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B.B.J."
Office.

For the mutual convenienoe of aU parties, II Signor
Piana has made arrangements that a'l communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ." and
" H.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C^.

Cheques payable to ' British Bee Joarnal."

July 1, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

BEES FROM HOLLAND

The BEST Dutch Stocks
offered in original skeps by

H. J. VAN LANGEVELD,

Gasthuissingel 42 Bood, HAABLciM, HOLLAND

THE ~

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. HSSatOD-HEMPSAliXi, 23, Bedford
Btr«»t. Strand. lK>iidoii, W.G.8.

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Gel a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d, The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for (ull catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON, E.C.2.

ti

RACTEROI '*

FOR BEES

2/6 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight * Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES. LTD.,

39, Farringdon Road, London. E.C 1.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176i

INSTRUCTION in BEEKEEPING

PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL

My Apiary will be open for a limited number of pupils
during this season. Terms and particulars from

W. HERROD-HEMPSALL,
The W.B.C. Apiary, Old Bedford Road, Luton, Bedfordshire.

CjOIQCIIS. Fertile Queens, 12/6 each.

Our Guinea Gold Queens are quiet, healthy, hardy,
Splendid workers and a lovely colour, they produce
Golden workers and Golden drones, they are bred from
stock that has never had " Isle of Wight " disease.

Strong 3 frame Nuclei with 1^0
Golden Queens, 63/- carriage paid.

D. ALLBON & CO., Sunnyside Apiaries, HITCfflN

POSITIVE FACTS. June loth, 1920.

I am very pleased with your foundation, the aroma is right and I find the bees take
to it before any other sort. — Yours faithfully, R. B. Manley.

Illustrated Liats free hy pout.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent.

THE BllltiSH BEE JOtTRNAL.

July 1, 1920.

HIVES

Compare the WORKMANSHIP and
FINISH of our Hives.
All made by practical Men who know
what a good hive should be.
In various designs to suit all tastes and requirements.
Season's speciality— THE MANLEY HIVE for 16 in. x 10 in. Frames.
Full descriptions and illustrations in our 1920 Catalogue:

'^* Everything for an Apiary,**
If you have not received your copy, send a P.C. at once.

OUR MOTTO — SERVICE & QUALITY .

R. STEELE & BRODIE, Wormit Works, Wormit, Scotland.

ntmminmmtmnnnnnmxti)^^

CeeVBeeSupplies.

a

B

J| In design, material and workman- )lj
ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain W

the reputation of being your best and "

safest investment.

a a a

Cj Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE is yours for the asking. It

contains detailed information on the

most up-to-date hives and appliances

for which the House of Lee is famous.

8

n
S

a a a J4

f[ We regret the necessity of having )l(

" to advise our Customers that owing W

to the increased cost of production, all w

prices in 1920 price list dre subject to vli

10% increase. The increase will not ^

apply to orders received before May 10. M

•»* Five per cent discount to Members of ^
THE APIS CLUB. M

W

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

(Telegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) W

20-Page 1920 'WHITE STAR" List,

S^d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ vary mtuA regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manufacture of bu-
appliances, and therefore my prices will be advanced 10% from May lOtJi. Books excepted.

pJUNTBD IV tHB AvBNtll PRI88 (L. UPOOTT OiU & SON, LTD.), 65-57, DBCBV LiNI, LONDOM. W.C, AND
PCUMHgO rOB TBI PbOPKIETOB (W. HeBBOD-HkMPSILL), m ilUPKIM, MABSHAIX, HlUUTON,

EiNi A Co.. I/io., Si & la, Paiibnosim Bow. B.C.

Bbitish Beb Jotjbnal and Beb-kegperb' Adyiseb, July 8, 1920.

JUL 30 1920
are

No. 1985. Vol. XfcVIII

JULY 8, 1920.

IPubliihtd «»«rv Tkur$dm9, Vrle* BA.

covfr^EiJxnes,

The Royal Show

A Dorset Yarn

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Advice to Beginners

Notes on Bee-keeping

British Bee-keepers' Association
Portsmouth and District B.K.A.
Kingston and District B.K.A. ..

Hunts B.K.A

Essex Agricultural Show

.AGE

325
326
526
327
328
329
330
330
330
330

PAGE

Royal Show Fund 331

Correspondence—

" Commercial " or " Standard " Frames 331

Fraternity Among Bee-keepers 331

Bees in South Africa 331

Sugar for Autumn Feeding 332

Queries and Replies—

Too iMtuch Drone Comb 332

Notices to Correspondents 332

Bee Shows to Come 335

WRITE FOR

FREE CATALOGUE

WITH

INSTRUCTIONS

FOR BEGINNERS.

AS MY

ARE THE

FOUNDATION OF SUCCESS

SO IS SUCCESS

MADE CERTAIN
BY

MY

E. H. TAYLOR

WELWYN,

HERTS.

Telephone: 13 WELWYN.

msmmm

mm

ii THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 8, 1920.

DADANT'S I

WEED FOUNDATION. |

THIS Foundation is made from =

pure Beeswax and guaranteed =

free from all disease germs. =

Give your bees the BEST, and the =

best is DADANT'S. |

No acids or other chemicals are g

used in the manufacture, and the M

makers guarantee that "EVERY m

INCH, EVERY POUND, EVERY |

TON, is equal to any sample ever ^

sent out." ^

We have just received a fresh con- ^

signment, and are in a position tP ^

givQ immediate despatch. =

Rear healthy bees on clean, natural =

combs. ^

None genuine without the water- E

mark "DADANT" on every sheet. ^

Our Catalogue, entitled ''Everything for an Apiary/' =

is sent post free on Application, =

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appliance Makers,

WORMIT, FIFE.

Juily 8, 1^0. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

B25

The Royal Show.

The Honey Department at the Royal
Show was better both in quality and
quantity than last year at Cardiff. At
the same time, if the Department is to
continue as a feature of the Royal Agri-
cultural Society's annual show, it will
have to receive a greater measure of sup-
port in the future than it has done in
the past, and we woiild urge bee-keepers
to reserve a portion of their surplus this
year to show at next year''s exhibition
at Derby.

This year only one appliance dealer
staged a collection of appliances — -Mr.
E. J. Burtt, of Gloucester. The stand
was of such an excellent character that
the judges awarded him the Silver Medal
of the B.B.K.A.

Major F. Sitwell and Mr. J. Tinlsey
judged the exhibits. Their duties were
light except in Classes 14 and 15, where
th'^ competition was keen. Mr.. J. Pear-
man won the W. Broughton Carr Memo-
rial Gold Medal with 20 points, being
closely run by Mr. W. J. Goodrich, of
GlGUcester, with 19 points.

The following are the awards : —

Class 1. — Colleotion of Hives and Ap-
pliances: Silver Medal, B.B.KJ^., 1,
E. J. Burtt.

Class 6. —Four Sections of Comb Honey
of any year, approximate weight, 4 lbs. :

1, Mrs. H. Egglestone.

Class 7. — Four Jars of Extracted Light-
coloured Honey of any year, gross weight
to approximate 4 lbs. : 1, D. E. Harding;

2, Mrs. H. Egglestone.

Class 8. — Four Jars of Extracted
Medium-coloured Honey of any year,
gross weight to approximate 4 lbs. : 2,
Mrs. Egglestone.

Classes 6, 7, and 8 were open only to
members of the Durham B.K.A.
OPEN classes.

Class 10. — Twelve Sections of Comb
Honey, excluding Heather Honey, of any
year — approximate weight, 12 lbs. : 1, J.
t*earman; 3, Miss E. A. Birwick.

Class 11.— Twelve Jars of Extracted
Tiight-coloured Honey of any year, gross
weight to approximate 12 lbs. : 1, J.
Price; 2, J. Birkett; 3, J. Pearman.

Class 12.— Twelve Jars of Extracted
Medium or Dark-coloured Honey, of any
year, excluding Heather Honey, gross
weight to approximate 12 lbs. : 1, J. Price;
2, Mrs. L. Morgan.

Class 13. — Six Jars of Granulated
Honey, excluding Heather Honey, of any
year, gross weight to approximate 12 lbs. :
1, J. Pearman; 2, J. Price, 3, G. J.
Fl ashman.

Class 14. — Twelve Sections of Comb
Honey, excluding Heather Honey, of any
year, approximate weight, 12 lbs. : 1, G.
Bryden; 2, Miss Debenham; 3, W. J.
Goodrich; h.c, A. Willmott.

Class 15. — Twelve Jars of Extracted
Light-coloured Honey of any year^ gross
weight to approximate 12 lbs. : 1, W. J.
North; 2, A. E. Warren; 3, G. Bryden;
h.c, Miss Debenham and W. J. Goodrich.

Class 16. — Twelve Jars of Extracted
Medium or Dark-coloured Honey, of any
year, excluding Heather Honey, gross
weight to approximate 12 lbs. : 1, Mr. J.
Goodrich; 2, G. Bryden.

Class 17. — Six Jars of Granulated
Honey, excluding Heather Honey, of any
year, gross weight to approximate 6 lbs. :

1. G. Bryden; 2, W. J. Goodrich; 3, A.E.
Warren.

Class 18. — Three Shallow-frames of
Comb Honey, for extracting, gathered
during 1920 : 1, W. J. Goodrich, 2, G.
Brj'den.

Class 19. — Six Jars of Heather Honey,
of any year, gross weight to approximate
6 lbs.; 1, M. J. Lambroll; 2, J. Pearman.

Class 20. — Six Jars of Heather-mixture
Extracted Honey of any year, gross weight
t'). approximate 6 lbs.: 1, Mrs. Anderson;

2, J. Pearman.

Class 21. — Best and Most Attractive
Display of Honey : 1, G. Bryden.

Class 22. — Exhibit of not less than

2 lbs. of Bees' Wax in two cakes only,
the produce of the Exhibitor's Apiary:

1, Mrs. Scott; 2, J. Pearman; 3, W. J.
Goodrich.

Class 23. — Exhibit of not less than

3 lbs. of Bees' Wax, the produce of the
Exhibitor's Apiary; to be shown in shape,
quality and package suitable for the retail
trade: 1, Mrs. Scott; 2, J. Pearman; 3,
W. J. Goodrich; h.c, J. Price.

Class 24. — Honey Vinegar: 1, J. Pear-
man; 2, W. .1. Goodrich.

Class 25. — Mead. — 1, W. J. Goodrich;

2, J. Pearman; 3, G. Bryden.

Class 26. — Exhibit of an interesting
nature connected with Bee Culture not
mentioned in the foregoing Classes, in-
cluding Candy for Bee Feeding: 1, W. J.
Goodrich.

Class 27.— Exhibit of a ScientifiLc
nature not mentioned in the foregoing
Classes. — No entry.

The W. Broughton Carr Memorial Gold
Medal awarded to Mr. J. Pearman.

326

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

July 8, 1920.

A Dorset Yarn, .

We have just been for a motor ride
into Somerset to see the Cheddar cliffs
and wonderful caves, the beautiful cathe-
dral at Wells, and the ruins of Glaston-
bury, through 170 miles of farming lands,
but only in one place was there to be seen
bees. When we reached home our lot had
thrown out three swarms, and Mr. But-
son had seen to them for me. One of
them was from a double brood chamber
stock — a very heavy lot they were. They
are now on to new bars of foundation;
it will be interesting to see how soon they
draw out the ten combs, it cannot be long
with so many bees. One lot in two weeks
had begun to build upwards above the
bars to the glass covering, yet with so
much wet one cannot call it a good sea-
son. Across the road in the school play-
ground are limes in blossom, and
thousands of flowers on the asparagus;
they have not to go far for food, they
are still adding surplus, though those that
have swarmed with so many bees cannot
do for the farm what they did before.

It has been a busy week at the farm
— so much fruit to get off each day just
now. One cannot send off half what one
would, as rains interfere with gathering.
Prices are very much inflated. Black
currants at 15s. per dozen, but raspberries
are the most paying, and people will give
hfigh prices for the large 'berries like
logans. Was able to take some to the
R.H.S. meeting last Tuesday. Lord
Lambourne, the president, was showing
the Queen and Princess Mary the good
things exhibited, and did not pass by
w^'thont appreciation of the exhibit from
the Violet Farm. Good to the eye, sweet
to the taste, they cannot fail to sell well ;
and with us we have the bees who
gathered honey from all the flowers before
the fruit could be harvested.

There is a change in the wants of our
people just now ; even the working class
are wanting these fruits, although the
price is high. No bee-keeper need be
afraid to venture on fruit for a living,
especially bush fruits and strawberries.
Early peas and broad beans also sold well
last month, but the heaviest cheques are
for fruit; besides, it makes employment
for others to get the baskets filled for sale.
On our fifty acres we have found employ-
ment for ten hands, where the 300-acre
dairy farms have only two besides the
owner ("most all the farms are the free-
holds of the farmers). From small fields
one can produce large quantities of ber-
ries, and each year add other 'acre§, and
we find the weight is doubled by the ©xtra
trees as they come to fruiting ^ge, and

then the harvest of honey on top of the
whole.

It is very encouraging for the owner,
especially as he used to pay rent for the
same fields which have been purchased
with the produce from them, which is per-
fectlv true. Of course, the bees got their
surplus from other farmers' fields as well
as our own, but the cheques all come to
this farm when honey is sold. The bees
go over the estates of the wealthy, they
take the best of all' the honey-bearing
plants, but they fertilise the flowers in
return for taking the nectar. What a lot
of pleasiire is missed by those bee-keepers
wh) work in populous centres all day, and
as a sequence live near their businesses.
I know that many of them do their bees
well, and get a lot of surplus, but they
cannot get the pleasures of life as we
who live among fruit and flowers.

Was not able to get to the Bourne-
mouth Show, but my son told me of the
fine observatory hive that was exhibited.
It was the same date as the R.H.S. meet-
ing, but a bit early for large exhibits of
honey. We go to Cardiff on Monday
for a three days' show, where we hope to
meet the bee-keepers of the West, as well
as many horticulturists. — J. J. Kettue.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Friday was cool, and a southerly wind
was blowing half a gale. It was amusing
to note how differently the various bees re-
garded this sudden drop in the tempera-
ture. The Ligurians seemed to enjoy it,
for they were tumbling over one another
to leave and enter the hive. The golden
Italians appeared unconcerned; the hy-
brids were working, but in a very half-
hearted manner; while, as for the Dutch,
they clustered closely over their brood.
One or two could be seen lingering on the
alighting board, but feared to launch
away. There ig no bee more consistent
than the Italian. The vagaries of the
English climate trouble them little, pro-
viding they can find nectar and pollen,
propolis and honeydew, and water — pre-
ferably a running stream. They settle^
not on algee, but on grasses or reeds near
the brink of the stream, to take liquid
refreshment. I have never yet seen a
pure Italian extracting moisture from a
manure heap, but have noticed hybrids
arc not averse to a little highly-seasoned
drink.

Referring to my reference of last weok
to the new disease, an urgent message
arrived one day from a place some ten
miles distant asking if I could come at
once. I went. There were bees crawling
everywhere, with wings awry. The
trouble seemed to be merely a wing weajs-

Jujly 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOITRNAL.

327

ness, for the little creatures tad bound-
less energy. They would walk yards and
yards at a furious pace, and even walk up
stalks into flowers, collect pollen, and
walk back to the hive-stand, up the legs
and into the hive. Many of us would
like to know whether Miss Annie Betts
has met with this mystery. These bees,
again, have revealed no micro-organisms,
so what is the trouble? Bowel trouble,
or trouble in the ohyle stomach, or what-
ever it may be, it is somewhat distress-
ing. It seems to pass like May pest, and
the stock is left healthy and very lively.

I have been watching closely the habits
of drones of late_, and I am gradually com-
ing to the conclusion that they are not
quite senseless, as they are generally
imagined to be. To attract a possible
virgin princess they have other things to
do than soil combs, gorge honey, and
make the sentinels angry. I hope to
have more to say about this at a later
date.

June has passed, and the

" Pale privet petals, white as milk,

Are blown into a snowy mass.

The roses lie upon the grass,
Like little shreds of crimson silk."
The cuckoo is silent; the nightingale, too,
does not now lift up his voice in song.
Thrush and blackbird, wren and finch,
bunting and robin, however, are still full
of bird songs. Would they were never
quiet 1

Limes are out in plenty; so, too, is the
white clover. Brambles are painting their
bushes white and shaded pink. The way-
side glows with colour, so what have the
bees to fear if the weather be kind?
Hereabouts white clover honey is impos-
sible. Although one sees acres of the
flower, the bees — Dutchmen excepted — are
busier with other blooms. Last Monday
I sat for a while on the gate of a field
white with clover blossom, and watched
a patch closely. "What did I see of insect
life? Many currant moths — red admiral,
fritillary, tortoiseshell, chalkhill blue and
brimstone butterflies, but not more than
a dozen bees. Ah, me 1
'* Full many a flower is born to blush

unseen,
And waste its sweetness on the desert

air."
So, too, if I may paraphrase —
" Full many a flower is filled with nectar

sweet ;
It dies unvisited by a single bee."
If only the nectar could be harvested, we
might laugh at the sugar shortage.
Hasten the day when every home's a hive
or two, or every cot a skep.

Too late for this paper, I see "M. E. B."
is asking for information about the
" tapestry " and " miner " bees. I will

try and make a few jottings next week
about these very interesting insects.
They are so beautiful and attractive, and
yet so lonely. They simply love to be
petted, and delight in the companionship
of man. At least, they love human beings
to watch them at work, and are very fond
in the autumn of a rest in one's armpit.
I think they locate by smell ; at any rate,
pet one and it does not ever forget. Alas
that their lives should be so short I

E. F. Hemming.

Steeple Gidding.

P.S. — Mr. Compositor, my writing is
your despair, I know; but please note
that Miss Banks lives at Pertenhall, not
Paxtenhall, as printed last week.—
E. F. H.

Advice to Beginners.

Father came home one night full of
enthusiasm about Bees — he had been to a
lanern lecture. A family council was
held and it was decided to purchase a
swarm of bees. The children were de-
lighted at the prospect of getting honey
for breakfast and tea, and the good
housewife welcomed the idea of a. sub-
stantial increase in the best substitute
for sugar in the larder.

With) the advent of ispring the bees
arrived, the hive was considered a great
ornament to the garden, but father had
forgotten to take some practical lessons
in bee-keeping, and in consequence of
his untimely and awkward manipulations
not only himself, but also mother and
the children got badly stung, and the
donnestic threatened to give notice to
leave, as the bees took a liking to her
hair, and even the dog gave that part
of the garden where the bees were located
a wide berth.

Timet did not improve matters. Th^e
bees swarmed, of course, settled in the
neighbours' garde)n, were voted ta
nuisance, and the swarm escaped; a
cast ten days later shared the same fate,
and as the honey season was not a good
one, no honey appeared on the breakfast
table. The bees were left to themselves,
and for sale, and on inquiry why? the
information volunteelred was " Oh, no-
body could go into the garden without
being stung, and we thought it better to
be rid of them for qeace and quietness
sake."

This is mot an isolated case, there are
numbers like it every year, and suffering
humanity blames the betes for their
stinging propensity, we are not told how
often the hive had been opened in aU
sorts of weather to ascertain " if the bees
are making honey," or to show " Her, 0
Majesty " to visiting friends, or to unoap

328

THE BRITISH BEE JOXmNAL,

Ms Bi im

honey in order to stimulate the befes to
greater effort, because the book tells
you so.

These are some of the pitfalls every
beginner is liable to, and they may be
pardoned, but one who wants to become
successful in the art of bee-keeping
should first of all learn how to keep bees
in good temper, look upon them as
friends and treat them as such, and a
good feeling between the master and his
bees will soon be established. To bring
about this happy result no fixed rules can
be laid down, an understanding of the
bees' nature and ways is requisite, and
the right thing must be done at the right
moment. Nervous aftid irritable! people
will not make good bee-keepers. There
must be no hesitation to carry out what
manipulations are necessary; if the bee-
keeper loses his temper he will find the
bees have one to lose too, and if their
ire is roused they will quickly turn
tables upon him in a way to be remem-
bered.

Whatever operations you have to per-
form with bees, always endeavour to
remain cool and collected and keep your
mouth closed during operations as bees
are very sensitive to offensive breath ; if
you are a smoker, put your pipe or
cigarette out of the way, however good
the flavour may be, bees do not relish
it. If you don't want a bee in your
bonnet, don't anoint your hair with
perfumed cosmetics, else the bees will
submit your head to an uncomfortable
scenting in search of the flowers which
are not there. Don't place your hive
next to a fowl-house, or there will be
trouble. Keep the surroundings of your
hives free from unpleasant smells, and
always have clean hands when commenc-
ing operations.

Do not go near bees when you are
hot with iperspiration from gardening
or cycling, cool down first, and always
stand at the back of the hive when
operating to allow the bees a free flight.
Do not open hives, unless under cover,
in wet or windy weather or when rather
cool in the morning, wait till midday,
and when you remove quilts, do not rip
off the quilt in one move, and thus
expose all the seams of bees at once,
have several strips three inches wide and
lift one back at a time to uncover one
frame to begin with. Do not suffocate
the bees with smoke, just give those
coming to the top a puff or two and wait
a minute to allow them time to fill them-
selves with honey, as in that condition
they are not inclined to sting. Do not
jar against the hive or knock things
%about by hasty movements, do erery-
thing deliberately «md quietly and not

in a hurry, land if soine bees alight on
your hands, keep calm and jerk them
off in front of the hive.

Limit your appliances toi as iew as
possible, an old kitchen knife witjh a
good stiff back and ground down is most
handy, see that your smoker is well
alight — corrugated brown packing paper
makes excellent fuel — and before you
start operations make sure you have
everything necessary at your elbow to
carry same out expeditiously.

To prevent bees from over propolising
isupers use plenty of vaseline along the
inside edges of top and bottom of supers,
also rub some along the metal ends and
rests, edges and cross bars of queen
excluders and you will have no use for a
crowbar.

Every beginner should study a good
book on bees, but theory is not every-
thing ; to put same into practice, he
should go to some bee-keeper for a lesson
or two, and see and learn from experi-
ence, and if he bears in mind most of
the " Don'ts " enumerated above, he will
find his bees a pleasure to himself and
others, and his little insect friends will
not fail to reward him with some surplus
honey, if season permits, in return for
the labour of love he has bestowed upon
them. — O. Puck.

Notes on Bee-Keeping.

Our bees just now are having a fine
time working the white Dutch clover.
This is our chief source of honey supply
here in Lanes. Every bee-keeper is
familiar with the little, round bunchy
heads of the white, or Dutch, clover.
We pass them scores of times in a sea-
son, for they grow in the fields and by
the dirtiest roadside all among the grass
and' groundsel and the plantains, yet
each bunch is lovely to look upon, and
the whole plant a very interesting study.
The flowers have short stalks, and at first
all the florets stand' erect in the bunch,
the hidden ones being in the bud and
the outer ones most mature. Our hive
bees, in addition to gathering nectar,
pollenate the blossoms, and though when
they visit them they find the stamens
neatly tucked out of sight within the
keel, their movements biirrowing for
nectar cause these organs to^ be jerked
out, so that pollen is deposited on the
underside of the Jbees' hairy bodies.
Directly a bee retires the stamens re-
tire too, and they remain within ithe
keel until the next bee comes along.
After a few such visits the pollen is dis-
posed of. These stamens wither and
the pistil lengthens, so that when the

July 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

B^g

flower is visited later this organ pro-
jects and comes in contact with exactly
the same part of the bee's body. In this
way it receives any pollen that may be
adhering there, and which, of course,
has been deposited during visits to
younger flowers — that is, flowers in the
pollen-shedding stage. After fertilisa-
tion has been effected the tiny clover
flowers drop, and this makes it quite
easy for the bees to visit the younger,
fast maturing upper blossoms in the
bunch. No doubt bee-keepers who are
acquainted with the white Dutch clover
will have noticed the flower heads in
these three positions. When all the
flowers are fertilisied the whole bunch
droops.

Alsike, another important nectar-
bearing plant of the clover species, is a
taller, more erect, and glabrous plant,
very like white clover, but though both
species have pink and white blossoms —
in spite of name " white " clover—
alsike clover's pink is usually much
richer, and its leaflets are a little more
pointed. It, too, droops its fertilised
blossoms, and both flowers turn brown as
they wither.

Sainfoin is yet another of the clover
species, and a rich nectar-producing
plant. It is a fine-looking clover, with
leaves made up of seventeen to twenty-
five pointed oval leaflets. Wherever a
stem branches off one may find thin,
brown, leaf-like appendages, that
botanists call " stipules." The rosy
pink flowers grow in clusters of pyra-
midal form at the end of long stalks, and
if examined it will be found that the
wing petals are very tiny and unde-
veloped. Crimson lines decorate the
standard, and point to the nectar store
below ; this can be reached by any insect
with a short proboscis, outside the hymen-
optera class.

There is cow- wheat, zig-zag clover,
purple loosestrife, golden ragwort, flea-
bane, thistles, field bindweed, figwort,
and teasel. Some of these are with us
here, and prove to be good honey pro-
ducing plants for our bees. Have often
coveted a study on some of these bee-
plants, but, being of humble parentage,
was never able to accomplish this,
especially now that books are such an
exorbitant price. Each is a study and
a hobbv of itself. Some of us may be
tempted to think his hobbv (bee-keep-
ing) the best. " The chemist who can
trace the atomic process of matter upon
earth, or the metaphysician who r.an
assign the laws of human thought, or the
grammarian who can discriminate the
niceties of language, the astronomer who
can unravel the mechanism of the
heavens, or the naturalist who can clas-

sify the flowers, the birds, fehellsj
minerals, and the insects which s>6 teem
and multiply in this world of wonders;
each of these respective inquirers is apt
to become the worshipper of his, or her,
own theme, and to look with a sort of
indifference, bordering perhaps on con-
tempt, towards what he imagines the
far less interesting track of his fellow
labourers. I may say that, like our bees,
we should discard that narrow-minded-
ness, and work together in harmony in
this great field of research, and enjoy
still more gloriously the Eternal Mind
from whose conception it arose, and gave
birth to it, in all its vastness and
variety." — P. LvTHiGOE, Pailgate, War-
rington, Lanes.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The monthly meeting of Council was
held in the Hives and Honey Department,
Royal Show Ground, Darlington, on
July 1, 1920.

Mr. A. G. Pugh presided, and there
were also present Mr. _ Bryden, Associa-
tion Representatives : Messrs. J. Pear-
man (Derby), W. E. Richardson (York-
shire), J. Watson Egglestone (Durham),
and the Secretary, Mr. W. Herrod-
Hempsall.

Letters of regret at inability to attend
were read from Miss M. D. Sillar,
Messrs. T. W. Cowan, C. L. M. Eales,
G. W. Judge, and Major Sitwell.

The minutes of the previous meeting
were read and confirmed.

The Report on the Paper work for
Final Examination was presented, and
out of sixteen candidates who presented
themselves, it was resolved to ask the
following to attend for the lecture test in
due course: — Mrs. M. K. Hodson, Miss
A. D. Betts, Miss D. Y. Knowles, Major
E. H. Wilkinson, Messrs. E. D. Lowes,
C. II. Brown, H. E. C. Carter, G. W.
Judge, and Rev. W. Murdoch.

The Staffordshire Association applied
for a Preliminary Examination, and the
same was granted.

A letter was read from the Beverley
Bee-keepers' Association re legislation,
and the Secretary was instructed to deal
with same.

After considerable discussion, Mr. W. E.
Richardson proposed, and Mr. Pearman
seconded, and it was carried, " That a
Tecbmmendation foT further considera-
tion be made to the Council that in future
the Council meeting, hitherto held at the
Royal Show be abandoned, and in its place
a conference of bee-keepers be held.
Upon the recommendation of the judges.

330

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

July 8, 1920.

it was resolved to grant the Silver Medal
of the B.B.K.A. to Mr. E. J. Burtt, for
his collection of appliances.

Next meeting of Council, September 16,
1920, at 23, Bedford Street, Strand,
London, W.C.2.

Portsmouth and District Bee-
Keepers* Association.

A meeting of the members of the Ports-
mouth and District Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation was held in St. Michael's Parish
Hall on Saturday, June 19. The Presi-
dent, Dr. F. Beddow, T.C., took the chair.
The Secretary reported that since the
commencement of the year 25 new mem-
bers had joined, bringing the member-
ship, since the formation of the Associa-
tion last year, up to 70. The expert^ Mr.
Smith, gave the members a report on the
ass<xiation apiary in Victoria Park, and
said that he would be in a position to sup-
ply three-framed nuclei in about a fort-
night, and it was resolved that members
should be supplied at 21s. per nucleus. It
was also resolved that this association
apply to the B.B.K.A. for affiliation
direct. — P. E. Whin, hon. secretary.

Kingston and District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

EULES ADOPTED AND OFFICERS ELECTED.

Bee-keepers assembled in goodly num-
bers at a general meeting of the newly-
formed Kingston and ' District Bee-
keepers' Association, held at the Surbiton
District Council offices on Tuesday even-
ing, under the presidency of Mr. H.
Forbes George.

The objects of the Association are to
encourage and advance bee-keeping in
the districts of Kingston, Surbiton, Mai-
dens and Coombe, Esher and the Dittons,
East and West Molesey, Ham, Claygate,
Oxshott and Worcester Park, and to fur-
nish the members with information as to
the^ most profitable manner of managing
their bees and disposing of their produce;
also to arrange exhibitions, lectures,
demonstrations, etc.

Draft rules were adopted, and officers
for the year were elected as follows : —
President, Sir Charles Burge, J. P.; vice-
presidents, Messrs. H. Forbes George, J.
Crawter, P. G. Wigley, and Capt. K. E.
Howell; hon. treasurer, Mr. K. J. Lamb;
hon. secretary, Mr. B. Carter; committee,
Messrs. Hart, Bowden, George, Crawter,
Cooper, Allen, and Pardy; auditors,
Messrs. A. Watkins and H. J. Shelbourne.

The hon. secretary explained that the
Association was not at all antagonistic to
the County Association. The latter in-
tended to follow the example of Kent and
form branch associations, of which the

Kingston and District Association might
become one.

A member mentioned that the County
Association provided the assistance of ex-
perts on bee-keeping, and the chairman
replied that their own Association pro-
posed to do likewise. — {Communicated.)

Hunts. Bee-Keepers' Association.

A meeting of the Hunts, branch of the
Soke of Peterborough and Hunts. Bee-
keepers' Association was held in the Town
Hall, Huntingdon, on Monday, June 7,
The meeting was called to consider
whether the time had arrived to form a
separate bee-keepers' association for
Huntingdonshire. There were some forty
members present. After some discussion it
was decided to form an association for
the county. The Rev. E. F. Hemming
was elected first president ; vice-presidents,
the Countess of Sandwich, Mrs. Scott
Gatty, Mrs. Marshall, the Revs. E. A.
Porter and J. Griffin, Commander O.
Locker Lampson, M.P., Messrs. Spurling
and Welstead.

Committee, Miss Locker, Mrs. Dudley,
Mrs. Herbert, Rev. E. Snitch, Messrs.
Bull, Childs, Emmerson, Hedge and Smith
Secretaries, Messrs. Woodford and Hodg-
son. Treasurer, Mr. Pack.

Essex Agricultural Show,
Colchester.

June 9 and 10.
In connection with the above the Essex
Bee-keepers' Association held a honey show,
which, considering the early date, was
well supported, but whilst more exhibits
were desirable, the quality of the honey
left little to be desired. The two ob-
servatory hives staged proved a tremen-
dous attraction, and during the whole of
the time were the centre of interested
spectators. The bee tent was also a great
attraction, Mr. G. R. Alder, the county
expert, lecturing on both days to large
audiences, amongst those visiting the
tent being General Colvin, M.P., C.B.,
Lady Byng of Vimy, Mr. L. Belsham
(chairman of the Re-stocking Committee),
and Mr. C. N. Brooks, J'.P., E.C.C. The
last-named gentleman assisted in the lec-
ture tent. Mr. F. M. Claridge, the well-
known bee specialist, of Copford, kindly
lent the bees used for demonstration.
These were some of his "Special Gol-
dens," and were immensely admired. This
gentleman also assisted on both days in
th^ exhibition *ent, where he was kept
exceptionally busy, Mr. H. Stroud, of
Ilford, kindly gave much help at the close
of the show in packing up exhibits, stag-
ing, etc. The exhibits were judged by

Jujy 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

831

Mr. G. E. AFder, who made the following
awards : —

Complete Frame Hive. — F. M. Claridge,
first.

Observatory Hive. — F. M. Claridge,
first.

Six 1-lb. Sections. — Miss "Wilson, Can-
field.

Shallow Frame. — H. Stroud, Ilford.

Six 1-lb. Jars Extracted. — F. M.
Claridge, first; H. Stroud, second.

Three 1-lb. Jars Extracted.— F. M.
Claridge, first; H. Stroud, second; A.
Gamble, Battlebridge, third.

Six 1-lb. Jars Granulated. — F. M.
Claridge, first and second.

1 lb. Extracted (Gift Class).— F. M.
Claridge, first.

Bees' Wax, 2 lbs.— F. M. Claridge,
first.

Any Useful Invention for Bee-keeping.
— F. M. Claridge, first; E. W. Dempster,
Ilford, second.

Honey Cake. — A. Gamble, first.

Hive (Amateur-made). — F. M. Claridge,
first.

B.B.K.A. silver medal won by F. M.
Claridge; bronze, H. Stroud.

Royal Show Fund.

£ s. d.
Amount received ... ... 18 10 8

Miss Gulland 2 6

Miss Harding
H. W. Anderson
J. Lee

H. M. Stich...
H. Stubbs ...

2 6

10 6

10 0

4 9

2 6

£20 3 5

"Commercial" or "Standard"
Frames.

[10215] {Be 10208). No, sir, you are
quite mistaken. I certainly would not
like to persuade everyone to scrap the
standard frame and adopt the "commer-
cial " size. I would use all in my power
to prevent that. The standard is quite
good enough for the majority of British
bee-keepers, who, as is well known, merely
keep bees as a hobby, and it would be a
disaster if all these should be persuaded
to scrap a frame they imderstand little
for another they understand less. The
Standard frame and the " Guide Book "
are what I advise those to stick to. It's
true they will never do any good as a
matter of business, but neither will they

lose much, and they can play with their
bees to their heart's content.

My letters have been written for those
who wish to make a business of bee-keep-
ing and who can see that it cannot be
done on present lines. — R. B. JVIanley.

Fraternity Among Bee-Keepers.

[10216] I quite agree with Editorial
comment re 10207, June 24, as the fol-
lowing experience will no doubt prove.

Some two years ago I decided to pur-
chase a stock of bees on frames.
Through a mutual friend, a bee-keeper
became aware of my intention, and im-
mediately sent me a host of books to
read, including " Simmins' Bee Farm."

When I eventually knew the stock was
coming he offered to hive it for me ;
fortunately, I managed to do this my-
self. Since then I have had two visits
from him. At the first one he cut out
all queen cells after a swarm had issued;
second visit he found parent hive queen-
less, and is now endeavouring to obtain
or rear me a queen.

Now this gentleman has to cycle 9
or 10 miles each visit. Further, his
attentions are not confined solely to
"your humble," as I gather from con-
versation with him, he had several
friends whom he visits regularly, and
keeps things right with the bees, and
without any payment; in fact, to offer
anything of this nature would he looked
upon as an insult.

I submit this bee-keeper (he is a
"live" one) is keeping the old "spirit
of fraternity" well alive.— " Fox-

Bees in South Africa.

fl0217] Your correspondent, W. H. Ed-
munds, gives you in some rather long notes
on bees in South Africa what are, I sup-
pose, some of his experiences.

Well, sir, I, too, have been a bee-keeper
in South Africa, although it is now 20
years since I lived there. I do not sup-
pose that the honey bees, or, as the native
call them, enyonsic, have changed since
then, and I can hardly let our mutual
friends (the bees) receive quite so bad a
character .as he has given them. First
and foremost, if I had had such bees as
he describes them, I should soon have
got i-id of them, for although savage bees
have the credit of being good workers, I
hardly know how they get that character
unless it is by their being left alone.

At any rate, I myself could always ob-
tain the best results both in England
and South Africa from bees of a mild
disposition, and I can truly state that I
have opened as many as a dozen hives of

832

THE BRITISH BEE JDITRNAL.

July 8, 1920.

au evening in SoutE Africa without a veil^
let alone gloves, and very little smoke.
I can hardly realise a decent bee-keeper
Wearing gloves; fancy 212 bees at least
destroyed by stings alone at one opening !
why at this rate he would soon deplete
an apiary. This is inore I should say
than I have received in 30 years, also,
how could he pick up a queen? I like
Goat off and sleeves turned back.

Now my experience of South African
bees (Natal) was that they were excep-
tionally quiet, rather smaller than our
native black bee, and with one yelloW
band instead of the three of the Italians.
Next he writes of bee-pirates. Well, the
only robbers (except man) were the a,nts,
of course, and Death's Head moth, which
one could sometimes find right on the
comb in the middle of the bees, stealing
their honey, and when these were numer-
ous the bees would build a wall of pro-
polis right across the entrance of hive,
leaving entrances tod small for the moth
to get through.

I might mention that I, too, hav^e shown
and taken prizes for bees, honey and wax
there, and have also acted as demonstra-
tor in Pietermaritzburg Agricultural
Show when living there. I have received
stings here, but the only occasion that I
received any was when transferring bees
from the observatory hive in which they
had travelled from Durban Show to
Pietermaritzburg when one of the combs
broke away from the frame owing to the
heat; quite a number of the bees found
their way up my trousers on the inside,
and, of course, on pressure, I did then
receive several stings, but this was an
accident.

At one time, about 1901 or thereabouts,
you used to receive and publish notes
from Mr. Sewell, of Durban, a fine bee-
keeper, and ioften a fellow competitor
with me on the show benches there.

I am sorry that I am not now in a
position to keep bees; first, I have had
them all die off on two occasions with
"Isle of Wight" disease, and since then
I have had to move into a house where
there is no garden. But even if I had
accommodation for them I hardly think
that it would be possible to keep bees m
Oxford free from disease for any length
of time whilst the Ministry of Agricul-
ture engage a scientist here to study
" Isle of Wight" disease, which, of course,
means that it must be cultivated here
if it is to be successfully treated.

This may be encouraging to bee-keepers
as a whole, but how about working men
such as myself twice losing all their
stocks, especially when one is congratu-

lating oneself on haviiig got clean stocks
in new hives. I myself think that when
the investigations here are finished that
we bee-keepers in Oxford who have lost
our bees a second, and some a third time,
should then be given a fresh start at least.
— J. E. Collier.

Sugar for Autumn Feeding.

The Ministry of Agriculture have
secured the issue of a ration of sugar for
autumn and winter feeding of bees, of
14 lbs. per stock, for the period August 1
to December 31, 1920. The ration may
be procured in the usual manner by
applying to the Horticultural Sub-Com-
mittee for a registration form.

Too Much Drone Comb,

[9905] May I have a reply in your
paper, the British Bee Jotjrnaii, as to
what to do with brood-frames on which
there is a superabui ance of drone cells?
Are the drawn-out Dmbs any good for
brood rearing, or siiould they be kept
ajjart for honey storage, or have the dtone
cells cut out, or be destroyed? Why did
my swarm suddenly begin so many drone
cells ? — D . Carrttthers .

Reply. — The combs may be used in the
supers, or if you rear your own queens
they would be useful for rearing drones
in the colony selected for that purpose.
The only sure method of getting worker
comb built in its place is to cut the whole
of the comb out of the frame, and insert
a new sheet of worker formation. They:
were crowded, and preparing to swarm
again.

Dr. K. Bell (Berks).— Zinc honey strainer. — It 19
not advisable to store honey in zinc vessels, but
simply passing it througli a zinc strainer will
not harm it. The strainer should be washed each
time immediately after it has been. used. The
" A. B.C. and X.T.Z. of Bee Culture " says :
" Tanks holding more than SOO lbs. are ordinarily
made of galvanised iron. Some objection has
been made to this metal because of the zinc con-
tained in the spelter; but in large-sized tanks no
injury to the honey has ever been noticed. How-
ever, it would be a mistake to leave a very thin
layer of honey for a long time in the bottom Of
a galvanised tank, aa the honey might tak« on
enough of the zinc to be poisonous."

Juay 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

333

G. Henley (S. Devon).— Price of honey.— See report
of monilily meeting of B.B.K.A. on page 306 of
B.B.J, for June 24.

" MooES " (Durham).— Moymgr bees to the moors. —
"tou can move the bees in the daytime. Tie main
point is to give ample ventilation. Also, of course,
see that everything is secure so that no bees
escape during the journey. C!over the tops of the
frames with perforated zinc, or cheese-cloth fixed
on a frame, removing all quilts, and open the
ventilator in floorboard. (2) You will find several
advertised in the Journal. Bees may be destroyed
by sulphur fumes, chloroform, or a solution of
cyanide of potash. From half to one ounce of
chloroform may be poured through the calico
quilt between the frames; ioz. of cyanide dis-
solved in about 2oz. of warm water may be used
in the same way. Cyanide is a deadly poison,
and must be used with great care. (3) It is a
matter Of fancy. We prefer W.B.C. ends.

F. C. Jones (Linton). — Bees refusing to enter sec-
tions.— One or more sections which have been
drawn out, or partly drawn out, and if containing
a little honey it is an advantage, placed in the
centre of a rack as " bait " will generally induce
the bees to enter. If you have not these by you,
smearing a little honey on several of the pieces
of foundation in the sections may serve, or a
piece of comb cut from a frame and fitted into a,
section. If a queen excluder is used, try re-
moving it for a time. The yellowish-brown sub-
stance is probably pollen. Probe it with a match
stick and you will be able to determine.

T. S. (Alton).— The plan was given in the B.B.J.
for May 8, 1919, and in the " Record " for June
this year. We can supply either for 2id.

Suspected Disease.
F. W. (Astbury), H. Law (Biddulph), J. S. (York).
J. P. (Wood Green).— The bees were suffering
from " I.O.W." disease.

Bee Shows to Come.

July 14.— Wickham Bishops and District Bee-
keepers' Co-operative Association. Group 2.— Open
to bee-keepers resident in Essex. Class 79.— Four
Sections; 1st prize, 76. 6d. ; 2nd, 5s. Class 80.— 1 lb.
Extracted Honey; 1st prize, 5s.; 2nd, 3s. Class 81.
—1 lb. of Wax (in 2-oz. cakes), Ist prize, 5s.; 2nd,
3s. Group 3.— For bee-keepers' resident in tihe
British Isles. Class 82.— 1 lb. glass jar of 1920 Run
or Extracted Honey; 1st prize, 20s.; 2nd prize,
10s. 6d. Exhibits in Class 82 to b© the property
of the Association, and to be given to hospitals
in County of Essex. Entrance fee 6d. per class.
Rules for exhibiting on back of entry form.— All
entries to be sent to C. W Cockburn, Hon. Sec,
Meadow Bank, Wickham Bishops, Witham, Essex.
Entries closed.

July 15 and 16, at Grimsby.- Lincolnshire
Agricultural Society. Show of Bee Appliances,
Honey, Sections, Wax, etc., under the manage-
ment of the Lines B.K.A. Open and County
<^la.<!ses. Valuable prizes.- Schedules from Major
Hafideld, Alford, Lines. Entries clos«d.

July 20 to 23, at Aberdeen.- Highland and
Agricultural Society. Classes for Bee Appliances
and Honey. Premiums £53 10s. Half of Prize
Money and Silver and Bronze Medals contributed
by the Scottish Bee-keepers' Association.- Entry
forms from John Stirton, Secretary, 3, George IV.
Bridge, Edinburgh.

July 21, at Broughton, Hants.— Open
Classes: Single 1-lb. Bottle, Single Section; prizes,
203., 15s., 10s.— Schedules from Chas. Hoare,
Broughton, Hants.

July 21, Wyke and Normandy Horticul-
tural Society.- Honey Classes (Open). Best
three sections, 5s., 3s , 2s. ; Run Honey, light, 3
1-lb. glass jars, 5s., 3s., 29.; Run Honey, dark, 3
1-lb. glass jars, 6s., 3s., 2s. Entrance fee, 6d.— Par-
ticulars, H. L. Mumford, Hon. Sec., Heatherside,
Normandy. Guildford.

July 21, Bishopstoke, Hants, at the Roval
Southampton Horticultural Society's Show.— :6it-
teme and Swanmor© Bee-keepers' Association's

Honey Show. Four Open Classes.— Sohedttles, C. D.

Cawsey, Clifton Villa, Bitterne, Hants.

July 24 (postponed from iTth), at Guild-
ford.—Guildford and District Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation. Members and Open Classes.— Schedules and
prize list from Rev. E. C. Pitt-Jolinson (Hon. Sec),
Heatherwood, Pirbright, Surrey. Entries close
July 10.

July 28, at Blandford.— The Blandford and
District Horticultural Society are holding a Show
of Fruit, Vegetables, Flowers, and Honey in the
Park, adjoining the Crown Meadow, Blandford.
Prizes for honey by the Dorset B.K.A. for mem-
bers of the Association.— Schedules from C. 6;
Bone (Dorset Bee-keepers' Association), County
Education Office, High West Street, Dorchester.

July 29 to August 2, at Bolton.— Royal
Lancashire Agricultural Society's Show. £30 prizes
for Honey. Six Classes.— Schedules (stating
Honey Section) from R. O. Bradbury, Secretary,
Derby House, Preston. Entries closed.

August 2, at Bredon.— Annual Show of the
Worcestershire B.K.A. Three open classes. Sche-
dules from Geo. Richings, 42, Barbourne Road,
Worcester. Entries close July 26.

Monday and Tuesday, August 2 and 3, at
Newport.— Monmouthshire Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Annual Show (in connection with the New-
port Allotment Holders' Association). Members
and Open Classes.— Schedules (post free 3d.) from
Hon. Sec, " Underwood," Portskewett, near
Chepstow, Monmouthshire. Entries close
July 26.

August 3, 4 and 5, at Abington Park,
Northampton.— Northants Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Show, in connection with the Municipal
Horticultural Society's Show. Open Classes for
single bottle and section.— Schedules from Mr.
H. P. Swann, 41, St. Michael's Mount, Northamp-
ton. Entries close July 30.

August 4, at Shedfleld, Hants, in conjunc-
tion with the Shedfield Horticultural Society's
Show, Hants and Isle of Wight Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciations, Swanmore and Bitterne Branches.
Classes for Comb and Extracted Honey.— Schedules
from the Hon. Sec, A. F. Hardy, Esq., Tihe
Palace House, Bishop's Waltham, Hants.

August 7, at Barnstaple.- Barnstaple and
District Horticultural Exhibition, to be held in
the Aiarket Hall. Five Open Classes for Honey.—
Schedules from Hon. Secretary, 19, Grosvenor
Street, Barnstaple.

August 11, at Wye.— Kent Honey Show.
Thirty classes, half of which are open to U.K.
Four Silver Cups and 75 other prizes. Schedules,
Mr. A. Lepper, Wye. Entries close August 1.

August 14 and 16, at Cannock, Staffs.—
Eight open classes for honey, etc. Prizes value
£12. Schedules from J. Bird, Secretary, " Glen-
may," Allport Road, Cannock.

August 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal prizes.
—Schedules from Mr. F. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

August 14, at Iilanelly.— Carmarthenshire
B.K.A. Show, in connection with the Llanelly and
District Horticultural Society's Show. Liberal
prizes (nearly £15) offered for Honey, Wax,
and Appliances. 15 Classes (7 Open).— Schedules
from R. Lloyd Roberts, London Joint, City and
Midland, Llanelly. Entries close August 6.

August 25, at Prestbury, Cheltenham.—
Flower, Fruit and Honey Show. Open Class lor
single 1-lb. jar of honey. Several classes open to bee-
keepers living within a radius of 12 miles. — Sche-
dules from A. H. Bowen, Coronation Road,
Cheltenham. Entries close August 18.

Saturday, August 28, at Hinckley.—
Leicestershire and Rutland Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion, in connection with Hinckley Flower Show.—
Open Classes for Honey, Sections and Jars. Prizes,
12s. 6d., 7s. 6d., and 46. 6d. in each class. Judge,
J. Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.— Schedules from A.
Kimbrell, Esq., Clarendon Road, Hinckley.
Entries close August 23.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Boot and
Honey Society. Thirteen open classes in Honey
Section. Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Bead, Worceeter. Entries close Kov«in>
ber 6.

334

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 8, 1920.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

On« Penny par Word.

Advertisements must reach ua NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
Hisertion in the " Journal " the same week.

PRIVATE ADVSBTISEIiailTTS.

FOUR STOCKS of Bees for Sale. 10 frames, with
supers coveire<l, £5 «ach; also 1920 fertile
<jueen. 10s.; Geared Jixtractor, four Uives, 3t)6.
eacn. 30 Snaiiow liars diawLa out with the lot,
best ofier.— (j. iMHiiLliill, Glenlee. Aaele street,
Motherwell. g.37

FOR SALE. Stock of Bees on 10 new combs,
healthy, hard-working strain, £3 156.; travel-
ling hive loaned, deposit 10s.— WHITE. 143, Alexan-
dra Road. Grantham. g.40

SOME SURPLUS 1920 Queens (Hybrid), delivery
directly, price 7s. each, post free.— R. B.
MANLEY, Rrightwell, Wallingford. g.39

SPECIAL BARGAIN.— Goods must be moved.
Wrought Iron Greenhouse Boiler, with 100 ft.
4-in. Pipe and all joints, just as new and worth
£22 net to-day; one Dicker and Cane Sidecar for
motor-cycle, worth £6; one Taylor's 10-frame Bee
Hive, quite new, worth 30s. I will separate or
sell the lot for £18. or exchange for 2 cwi. of good
English Honey .-<;L AY, Xingsleigh. Wellington.
Salop. g.42

BEESWAX, pure, for Sale, 3 cwt. ipacked in
J-cwt. bags, £8 166. per cwt. net, f.o.r.
London.— Apply, Box 92, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, Ijonoon, W.C.2. ir.g.43

TWO' STOCKS of Bees for Sale, plenty of brood
and honey, £6 each.— MASTER, Morwu
Grange, Thornbury, Glos. g.44

WANTED, Honey Extractor and Ripener, in
good condition.— NEWMAN, Kennardington
Rectory, Ashford, Kent. g.45

ALE. " Little Wonder " Honey Extractor, 12s.—
EVANS, Lattiford, Wincanton, Somerset, g.48

TWO TAYLOR'S HIVES, good condition, 30s.—
NEVARD, 2, Norwood Road. Heme Hill.
S.E.24. g.47

DUTCH VIRGIN QUEENS from imported
stocks, the surplus from the Restocking
Apiaries of the Edinburgh and East of Scotland
College of Agriculture, 3s. each.— AVERY, 13.
George Square, Edinburgh. g.50

TWO SWARMS on frames, one Italian, one
Italian Hybrids, certified healthy by Middle-
sex expert, SOs. each.— E. MACKAY, M.M.B.K.A..
9, Priory Gardens, Highgate, N. g.51

WANTED, small Portmanteau or Gladstone
Bag; exchange Nuclei.— Box No. 94. B.B.J.
Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. g.52

SALE, Single-walled Hives, 56. 6d. upwards;
approval.— HUNT, Bank Street, Somercotee,
Alfreton. f.67

STRONG STOCK on 10 new combs. May Swarm.
1919 Italian Hybrid Queen, purchaser must
remove, £4 10s.; also strong Nucleus on 4 combe,
pure Italian 1920 Queen (Penna strain), £2 5e.—
ROUND, 38, Arngask Road, Catford, S.E.6. g.57

SPLENDID new White Clover Honey, £10 per
cwt.; tins to be returned; sample 6d.—
ALBERT COE, Apiarist, Ridgewell, Haletead,
Eseex. g.58

SACRIFICE.— Bees, 20 strong Stocks, 10 frames,
£3 per stock; crate 10s., returnable; room
wanted.— GITTINGS. Bleak House. Bleak Hill,
Plumstead Common. r.g.59

S

THREE STRONG STOCKS on 8 frames, 3 gs.
each, carriage paid; boxes 10s., returnable.—
HODSON, Harley Lodge, Enfield. g.60

ONE GOOD STOCK on 8 frames in box, one
early Swarm on 10 frames, £3 10s. each; one
June Swarm on 8 frames, in box, £2 10s. — Post
Office, Bowsby, Bourne, Lines. g.61

JUNE SWARMS on 3 to 6 standard frames,
guaranteed healthy, queens laying and plenty
of brood, 76. 6d. per frame (76. 6d. deposit on box,
returnable) ; Swarms from 18s. 6d. ; new Cambridge
Honey, £8 cwt.— STANLEY, 56, Montague Road,
Cambridge. g.62

WO STRONG STOCKS for Sale, guaranteed 8

frames of brood and perfect health, 70s. each.

—FRANCIS, Kurnella, Shoeburyness. g.63

WANTED, a few lots of healthy Driven Bees
before July 31.— Price and particulars to
KING, 3, Castlereigh Road, Stockton-on-Tees, g.65

WANTED to sell at once, surplus Stocks
healthy Bees, 10 frames, £4 per stock; pur-
chaser to send boxes.- JEWITT, Hensall, near
Goole, Yorks. g.64

STRONG STOCKS, Blacks £4 10s., ditto
Hybrids; also strong Stock Italian®, £5; all
on 10 frames; guaranteed healthy.— G. GREEN,
Dore, Sheffield. " g.66

FEW STOCKS of Italians on 10 frames, ready
for supering, £4; boxes 12s., returnable. —
HENSLEY, Luton Apiary, Queen's Road, Chat-
ham, g.ov

FOR SALE, strong Stock Italians, 10 frames,
1920 Queen, £4.— WALLACE, Hedenham
Lodge, Bungay. g.68

FOR SALE, six Standard Hives, £1 each; four
Section Racks, 46). each; guaranteed healthy.
—Apply, GRIFFIN, 84, High Street, Slough, g.69

HEALTHY, strong Stock Italian Bees, 6 frames,
£2 15s.— 16, Kelvin Avenue, Bowes Park,
London. ' g.70

THREE good healthy Stocke of Italian Hybrids,
10 frames, Penna strain, £3 10s., carriage
paid; 10s. on box. Seen by appointment. (Am
overstocked.)— H. OBORNE, 25, Guest Road,
Bishopstoke, Hants. r.g.71

FINEST GOLDEN HONEY, splendid quality,
sample 6d.; also Swarms.— NORTH, Cressing,
Braintree, Essex. g.72

WANTED, Honey Extractor, side gear, also
Ripener.— Particulars to T. HOWARD,
Rayne, Essex. g.87

TWO choice 10-frame Stocks with prolific Italian
Queens, £5 each; also two 4-frame Nuclei,
Italians, £2 23. each; never had disease in apiary;
10s. box, returnable, less carriage.— Box No. 93,
B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London,
W.C.2. g.56

NEW Light Lincolnshire Honey for Sale, £8 86.
per cwt.— WILLIS, New Leake, Boston, g.7

COLONIES, 50s.; Casts, 32s. 6d.— MRS. FRED
BATCHELOR, Bailey's Farm, near Bendish,
Whitwell-Herts. For telegrams, Whitwell-Herte is
counted one word. g.9

EXTRACTOR wanted for standard and shallow
frames.— W. COLDICOTT, Westfield Road,
Wellingborough. g.21

OVERPLUS BEES FOR SALE.— Apply early,
strict rotation, enclosed stamped envelope
particulars. — BARUCH • BLAKER. Warrilow
Apiary, Barnham, Sussex. r.f.l36

BASSES selected Fieih supplied, carriage paid,
exchanged for Swarms.— ELVIDGE, Whole-
sale Fisii Merchant. Qrimsby. r.f.l64

JuJy 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJRNAL.

335

SALE.— Exhibitor proceeding abroad; complete
Apicultural Requisites, including Plate-glasa
Troptiy, Observatory, and other Hives, Extractor,
Smokers, etc.; half catalogue prices.— SWABET,
Bracebridge Heath, Lincoln. r.f.l62

FOB, SALE, Second-hand all guaranteed clean
exceptionally well made W.B.C hives, with
oak legs; also combination hives, £2 each; well-
made shallow frame boxes, 3s. each; Queen ex-
cluders. Is. 3d. each.— DAVID HANCOX, Grove
Lodge, Deddington, Oxon. f.l81

BRITISH HYBRIDS, colonies in Skeps, 57s. 6d.
— PRTOR. Breachwo«d Green, Welwyn. r.f.l78

BUSINISSS ADV1:RTISEME1T'X'S.
l^d. per word.

6 -FRAME STOCKS, with 1920 Queens, 60s. each;
travelling box 10s., returnable.— MEGGITT,
Bramhall, Stockport. r.g.49

" T>ATRICIA," G'rammar School, Doncaster. still

-t has spare Virgins from her wonderful

selected Penna queen, 4s. by return, or money

back. Send stamps for'reply. r.g.46

ITALIAN HYBRID NUCLEI, 4-frame, £3,
6-frame, £4 5s.; grand laying Queen, vigorous,
healthy stock (average honey yield 120 lbs.).—
Particulars from VICAR, Brizenorton, Bampton.
Oxon. V7anted, really good Geared Extractor. g.4l

SPECIAL OFFER iu gentle strain of Italian
Hybrids, packed with bees and brood, 2-frame
Nuclei. 20s.; 3 frames, 27s. 6d.; boxes 6s., return-
able; immediate delivery; carriage oaid; deposit
if preferred.— A. LONGLEY, 35, Tharp Road, Wal-
lington, Surrey. g.73

DUTCH AND GOLDENS.— A few strong Stocks,
ready to super, £3; 4 and 5-frame Nuclei,
30s. and 35s.; full of brood.— W. GREEN, Laindon.
Essex. g.74

NUCLEI.— Italian Hybrid, 3 frames, sas. 6d.: 4
frames, 425.; guaranteed healthy; boxes 56.,
returnable; Virgin Hybrid Queens, 3s.— EKINS.
Burntwood, Staffs. g.75

ITALIAN tHYBRID QUEENS.— Orders booked
for Julv-Auerust delivery. Fertiles, 10s.;
Virgins, 3s.— JACK TICKELL, Westboume Apiary.
Cheltenham. g.76

STRICTLY BUSINESS. — Six packages of
Elavine, 6d. : a .Tananned Sprayer, 6s.; " T-^t
the Bees Tell You," 29. All post paid.— S. H.
SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. g.77

BRED FOR IMIMTJNITY.— Queens, 9s. 6d.; Bees
per frame, " Standards" 10s. 6d.. 16 x 10 15h.
Immediate deliverv. Send for particulars.— <!OBB.
33, Bevan Road, Plumstead. g.78

IMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS. Us. 6d. each;
selected Hybrids, 9s.; English, 7s. Safe
deliverv suaranteed. Catalogue jfree.— C. T.
OVERTON & SONS, Crawley. r.g.79

STOP? LOOK HERE!— Having despatched all
orders I can eitlll snare a number of 3- and
4-frame Nuclei at 45s. and 52s. 6d. respectively,
carriaore paid, 7s. 6d. being refunded oti box. Also
a limitpd number of Stocks on 8 frames. Price on
anplication. All above are homeHreared Italians,
hicrhlv resistant +o <^i«pase, and snlendid honey
fratberers. — HERBERT VALLEY, Apiarist,.
Saxilby, Lincoln. r.g.80

FOR SALE, fertile 1920 P^nna Queen's f^aughters,
10s. 6d.: a few dark Hybrids, 6s. Last week
in July or first week in August a few Stocks for
Sale, each headed by a Penna Queen Imnorted
this year; lO-frame. £4 7fl. 6d.; g-frame. £3 159.)
4-frame, £2 68.— ASHWORTH, Tb© Bungalow.
Weymouth Street, Warmin«ter, gM

B

CHOICE home-reared Italian Queens, 109.:
Virgins, 4s. 6d.; July-September.— MISSES
PALING & PILLANS, Golden Square, Henfield,
Sussex. r.g.82

STRONG 4-FRAME NUCLEI, Italian Hybrids,
40s., carriage paid; boxes returnable. —
BARNES, 20, Bourdon Road, Anerley. g.83

HARDY natural-raised 1920 Queens, 5s. each.—
WOOLDRIDGE, Woodleys, Winchcombe,

GlOS. &.b4

VIRGIN QUEENS^TCEB WELSH APIARY
STRAIN.- Hybrid Italian, guaranteed bred
from highly prolific stock, never had " I.W." D. in
apiary, the Queens to revitalise your stock, hardy
and virile, 56. each.— LT.-COLONEL WEAVER
PRICE, Welsh Apiary, Ashgrove, Brecon, S.
Wales. r.g.iJS

4-FRAME NUCLEI, 63®.— PRYOR, Breachwood
Green, Welwyn. g.86

STRONG 3-FPAME NUCLEI, 1920 fertile
Queens, 30s.; box 5s., returnable; Stocks on 8
frames, 60s; boxes 10s., returnable.— W. WOODS,
Normandy, near Guildford. g.53

NUCLEI, good hybrids, 1920 fertile Queens, 10s.
per frame.— EVANS, Lattiford, Wincanton,
Somerset. g.54

B OWEN'S SPECIALITIES.— Having bought a
complete Apiary, I offer grand Hybrid
Colonies on 8 combs, 93s.; 3-comb Nuclei, solid
with brood, 456.; immediate delivery.— Below.

EAUTIFUL HYBRID QUEENS from hardy
disease-resisting stock, 10s. 6d. each.— Below

SOUND Second-hand Hives, 25s. to clear.—
BOWEN, Queen Breeder, Cheltenham. g.55

DOES BREEDING SPECIALISATION PAY—
FOR YOU?— "The queen® I have had from
you so far are absolutely ' it.' I'm gone on
them. I have recommended several men to have
bees from you."— R. M., 25/6/20. Now does it?—
ATKINSON. Fakenham. r.g.23

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt delivery;
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing stock, August-September.- ATKINSON.
Fakenham. r.g.24

NUCLEUS (surplus), 3 frames, fine condition,
satisfaction euaranteed, fertile Italian Queen
(from Penna's 1920 queen), 50s.; box 10s., return-
able; Queens, as above, fertile, 10s.; Queens,
Hybrid Italian, fertile, Ss. 6d., virgins, 4s. In
rotation.— WARD, 16, Church Road, West Kirby.
g^

1 QOn PURE Fertile Italian Queens, direct from
±U^j\J the well-known French breeder, Abb6
Warre, 7s. 6d. each.— Orders for execution in rota-
tion to ELLIOTT, Kelvin Road, Ipswich. r.e.l04

DUTCH and Dutch-Italian 4 (four) frame
Nuclei, 50 for July, delivery now. £2 5b.. car-
riage paid.— SEALE, Ashley Cottage. Oatlands
Drive, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. g.35

PURE ITALIANS.— Imported Penna 1920 Qneens.
four frames, 45s.; six. 65s.; eieht. 656.; 10.
75s. Hybrids, eood str<tin, 5s. less. Carriage paid;
boxes returnable.- WADHAM, Gold Street. Cardiff.

r.f.l66

" T7[7"I6HT " DISEASE, prevention and removal:

Vt advice 5s.— ALFD. EYALL, Kenwood

Apiary, Elcombe, Stroud. r.f.l61

NUCLEI, 1920 Italian Queens. 4-frame, 608.;
swarms, Italian, 45«.: boxes 10s., returnable.—
C. HOGAN, Boxford. Suffolk. r.f.l75

NUCLEI.— Three frames, be»t hybrids, Penna.
et*".; 1920 Queens, fertile, immediately, J"^.-
MOOBE, Si, Monmonth Boftd, Dorob«eier. (.109

a36

THE BRITISH BEE JOTJRNAIi.

July 8, 1920.

PUPILS rec«iy«d by life-long wihole-time Bee
Farmer.— Terme on application to C. B.
BARTLETT, Sandford Mount, Ch.arlbnry. Oxon.

d.ia7

1Q0n FERTILE Golden Italian Queens,
Jlu^i\J guaranteed imported direct from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, 10s. each;
specially selected, 14s.— GOODARE, New Cross,
Wednesfield. f-59

"TSLB OF WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

J. use the solution that cures; 26. per bottle.—

B. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.d.l49

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEB WORLD"?
If not, why not? Eveiry mnmber in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB.
Port Hili House, Benson, Oxon.

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
logue from H. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue,
Paisley. r.c.U6

HIGHLAND SHOW

ABERDEEN, July 20-23.

£4,608 in PRIZSS.

Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Coats,
Pigs, Poultry, Wool, Bee Appli-
ances and Honey, Dairy Produce,
Implements and Machinery.

PARADES OF CATTLE AND HORSES,
GREAT JUMPING COMPETITIONS,

Forestry Exhibition, Agricultural Education,
Butter Making Demonstrations,
Wool Demonstrations.

ADMISSION.— Tuesday, 20th July, 7/6;
Wednesday, 5/- (after 5 p.m.), 2/-;

Thursday, 3/- (after 5 p.m.), 1/6 ; Friday,
2/-. Children under 12, Thursday and
Friday, !/-• Season Tickets, 15/- each.

Holders of Society's Long Service
Medal admitted Free to Show.

GENERAL MEETING OF MEMBERS IN PAVILION
on Wednesday, at 12.30 p.m.

John Stirton, Secretary.
3, GEORGE IV. BRIDGE, EDINBURGH.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

"W* BERBOD-HIUMCFSAI.Ii, 23, Bedford
Street, ^traud, I^zidon, W.G.2'.

ITALIAN QUEENS
Direct from Italy.

E. PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY.

I assume again the direct sale ipf my queens.
Special offers from July 10 till countermanded.
For queens in lots of 4 at a time £l 8s. Cash
with orders. Payment by cheques or British
Postal Orders, international Money Orders
are not accepted. I do not hold myself
responsible for the queens that are not sent
by me direct to customers. All orders should
be sent direct to me. In May the queens
dead in the journey have been less than 1 %

ORDERS BOOKED IN ROTATION.

Dutch Bees.

I am Sole Agent for Hans Matthes,
the Dutch Bee Farmer who supplied the
British Government last season with
Skep stocks for their County Re-
stocking Scheme.

These bees are hardy, prolific,
healthy.

Send for Illustrated Catalogue giving
methods of management, charac-
teristics, honey-gathering and disease-
resisting powers of this race of bee.

Address —

R. WHYTE,

The Bee Farm,

Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.

5 per cent.

diacount allowed to members of the
Apis Clab.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address :

Signer Gaetano Piaaa,
Castel San Pietro,
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W, Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiarv
and methods employed, with whica
he is perfectly satisfied,

PRICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,

9/- each queen.
Can take no more orders for June & July. Booked up.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the iatroduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B.B.J,"
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ." and
" B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Jotirnal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C,2,
Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

Jujy 8, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

lU

Vigorous American and Italian
Strains of world wide reputation.

QUEENS raised by natural methods in the
strongest stocks under the swarming im-
pulse. Immediate delivery of virgin,
mated, and breeding queens.

NUCLEI of young bees covering all sealed
brood ; will build up rapidly into stocks.
Supplied on one to four frames as required.
Immediate delivery.

STOCKS supplied on six to ten frames. No
swarms or Dees by weight.

STURGES, Hartford, Cheshire.
THE ONLY CURE ! !

Nothing messy. No spraying.

Clarke s 'I.O.W.' CURE

A powder to sprinkle on the floorboard.
What's simpler? 3/6 per packet.

Inundated with testimonials.

G. J. CLARKE, BIythburgh. Halesworth^

HIVE ROOFS.

Why risk losing your bees through having leaky
roofs when you can get

ABSOLUTELY WBATHERTIGHT ROOFS?
24 in. X 24 in., 13s. ftd.; 24 in. x 20 in., 13s. 3d.;
and 20 in. x 20 in., ISs. each; f.o.r. London.
Roofs are gal'i'anised, and also treated by a
special process to prevent condensation. Special
terms for quantities. Order early, and avoid delay
in delivery.

LARMUTH,
MoNAH*N Avenue, Phrley.

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper,

Gel a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
"Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catedogue, post free from —

WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams BuUdingt, LONDON. E.C.2.

BARGAINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING.

Khaki Serge Riding Breeches,

good condition pair 12/6

Bedford Cord Riding Breeches,

good condition „ 9/6

New Bedford COrd Officers' Breeches „ 42/-
New Cord Riding Breeches, strapped „ 22/6
Blue Serge Trousers, for Working

iMen „ 12/6

Blue Serge Trousers, as new .. „ 14/-

Blue Serge Trousers, new .. .. „ 21/-

Khaki Drill Trousers, all sizes . . „ 7/6

Khaki Drill Jackets, with pockets each 7/6

Army re-soled Boots, all sizes .. pair 12/6

Army Rubber Ground Sheets 72 x 36, brass
eyelets, good condition, 2 for 9/-, 4 for 16/-

Large Canvas Cart Covers about 6ft. square,
with brass eyelets, 7/6 each. These are
useful for making Tents or Camping Outfits.

Black Rubber Combination Suits, all sizes,
complete with Sou'wester, 25/- each; cost
ixovernment 63/-.

New Heavy Blax;k Boots niade specially for
outdoor workers, 21/- pair.

Large Australian Wool Blankets, 26/- pair-
bargains.

New Full-size Army Grey Wool Blankets, 35/-
Best bargain in Blankets ever offered.

SPECiAi. orrER roR this hot weather:—

Khaki Drill Suits, Officers' quality, complete with pockets, 20/- per suit.
Khaki Drill Suits, another quality, complete with pockets, 14/- per suit.

SACAR'S (Universal) STORES (Dept, 27). ARDWICK, MANCHESTER,

"A GOOD QUEEN IS WORTH £5." I can supply a smaU number

of this quality of best Italian and American Strains in "Full House" four frame nuclei a
63/- f o.r. Box 10/- Returnable at once.

ALAN K. THOMPSON, Croft House, SANDIWAY, Cheshire.

A Necessity on all Hives all
the Year Round.

n A D n SUPER CLEARER.
UAnU QUEEN EXCLUDER.
WINTERING BOARD,
&c.

SEND FOR K AT- A- LOG

MEADOWS, Syston, Leicester.

POSITIVE FACTS. >.. 13/ mq-

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer It to any other make I have, and have
enen gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and vvorkmg out a sheet of yours, placed
behind them at the back of 'the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the ^^''^'^^^^'^^^^flf^y]'^^^- MAN LEY.

Illustrated Lists free hij post.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

July 8, 1920.

Cee'$ Bee Sttpplies. g

^ In design, material and workman- )l^

■" ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain W

the reputation of being your best and w

safest investment. O

a a a W

q Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA- Q

LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the M

most up-to-date hives and appliances M

for which the House of Lee is famous. "^^

a a a Jif

fj We regret the necessity of having )l(

" to advise our Customers that owing W

to the increased cost of production, all w

prices in 1920 price list are subject to yi

10% increase. The increase will not o

apply to orders received before May 10. M

*^* Five per cent discount to Members of o
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

W (Telegrams : Graphicly, Uzbridge. Telephone : Uxbridge 181 .) W

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

Telephone : Uxbridge 181 .)

LTD.

C(

RACTEROI '

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

PoBt Free.

The cure for, and preventive of>

"Isle of Wight • Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES. LTD.,

39. Farrintdon Road, London. E.C 1.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

20-Page 1920 '* WHITE STAR ' List,

S^d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS. QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very mucA regret thai there haa been a large increaae in the cost of th« manufacli/. t of bef
appliances, and therefore my prices tviU be advanced 10% from May 10th. Book a excepted'

PANTED iv TBI AviNui Pemi (L. Upoott Oui & SoN, LTD.), 66-&7, DasAX Lani, London, W.C, imo

PUMIIBIO rOB TBI PaOPEIROE (W. HiBaOD.HuiPBiU), BY glHPKa. MAUBAUi, Hahuton,

^ KiNt 4 Co.. l/rp.. «. A U. PiiiftNOiTU fiow/a^.

British Sm iovtitla. and Sit-Ktiffciia' At)VlB«a, July 15, 1920.

1.1131=^ ARY of tl

6 - 1920

Mil tiaral

^Ck>i.leg^e

r^"^ tidited
'^ TWC owa.n

Herrod

FL.:

;mpsall.FES.

^

6" Bce-Ixecpcrs
Adviser.

"^ ' txWeckly Journal Devoted to
tnc Interests oj
Bce-Keepers.

ice .

r^por

No. 1986. Vol. XLVIII

JULY 15, 1920.

IPublished every Thursday, Price 2d.

coifrrE:ifrrs.

PAGE

Seasonable Hints 337

Dorset Tarn 337

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 338

The Simple and Gentle Art of Killing Bees 339

Jottings 340

Apiculture in Holland 341

Yorkshire Bee-keepers' Association 342

Correspondence—

Quilts for Bee Hives 343

Re Bees Disappearing 343

How to Sell British Honey •••

" Isle of Wight " Disease, or Creepers All
Over Hives

Bee Building Comb Upwards

Is this a Record ?

Is it " Isle of Wight " Disease?

Aa Early Morning Swarm

Birds and Bees

RovAL Show Fund .'

Notices to Correspondents

PAGE

343

344
344
344
344
344
344
344
345

WRITE FOR

FREE CATALOGUE

WITH

INSTRUCTIONS

FOR BEGINNERS.

AS MY

ARE THE

FOUNDATION OF SUCCESS

SO IS SUCCESS

MADE CERTAIN

QSfe

MY

BY

E. H. TAYLOR

WELWYN,

HERTS.

Telephone: 13 WELWYN.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 15, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Office:

Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

A W -ekly Journal Bevotfid to
Interests of Bee-keepers.

the

Edlteci hr T. W. COWAN, P.L.S., &c.,
and J. HEBBOD-HBTyiFSALI., F.E.S.

Ooprespondene© : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary JDepart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., shoJld be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communicationB and matters
relating to BubscriptionB and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
O^ce.

Snbsoriptlons. - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. poet free in advance ; single copies
2i.,or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
\y post, a stamped and addressed envelope
:(nist be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
^ill be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Haifpennjf stamps are preferred.

Boottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in" payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for caching them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers ia the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yen ar« advised to insist on this being used wben
dealing with strangers.

Bales and Conditions for Depositing

In order to eave trouble, it is requested thai
the Rules be carefully read over by persont using
th» Deposit System of trading.

Gtoods should not be despatched until notice that
the money h&a been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
depoeited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a chsrge of ai
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post OtSce Orders and
postage, &c. Oaeh will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers end sellers
are secured against frand.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westmineter Bank." The nnmbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
W« cannot be responsible for any lose thai may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will b« sold
by sample, which mnst be seiot direct to buyer.

4. Bee AppUanceB.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
caeih until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt wiih
entirely by the parties concerned, so far ae price,
Ac., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.— These are at the seller's
mk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was nsed in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, circept
such as «r« »ent by post, is payable b:^ the buyer.
unless atlMTwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

HIGHLAND SHOW

ABERDEEN, July 20-23.

£4,608 in PRI!Z£:S.

Horses, Cattle, Sheep, Coats,
Pigs, PouStry, Wool, Bee Appli-
ances and Honey, Dairy Produce,
Implements and Machinery.

P/!iRADES OF CATTLE AN : H0R$E5,
CRtiAT JUMPING COMPETITIGt S.

Forestry Exhibition, Agricultural Education,
Butter Making Demonstrations,
Wool Demonstrations.

ADMISSION. -Tuesday, 26th July, 7/6;

Wednesday, 5/- (aifter 5 p.m.), 2/- ;

Thursday, 3/- (after 5 p.m.), 1/6 ; Friday,

2/-. Children under 12, Thursday and

Friday, 1/-. Season Tickets, 15/- each.

Holders of Society's Long Service
IVIedal admitted Free to Show.

GENERAL MEETING OF MEMBERS \>l PAVILION
on Wednesday, at 12.30 p.m.

John Stirton, Secretary.
3, GEORGE IV. BRIDGE, EDINBURGH.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. AH particulars from

W. HEBBOD-HEMPSAIiIi, 23, Bedford
i Street, Strand, lK>ndon, W.C.2.

Jiily 15, i92d. THE Slilhsi BEJi JotrfeNiL. ^

bees, as all ihe old flying bees will return
\,o the parent colony. Dq not be in a hurry
to liberate the queen ; she will not hurt if
she is in the cage for several days.

Those who are wprkiiig for increase
must be on guard that the iie^A•ly-estab-
lished cploiiies do not suffer from lack of
food. In some paris of the country the
weather has been so unfavourable that
bees have been unable to collect enough
food to keep going. We have heard of
puclei dying of starvation during the laSt
fortnight

Seasonable Hints.

i'he ohe thing certain about our climate
is its uncertainty, and since the advettt dt
July it has been anything but ideal fol- the
bee-keeper. The rainfall has been above
the average and often the telhperature
has been below the normal. There is an
abundance of forage in our district, whito
clover bloom being abundant, but the bees
have not been able to take full advantage
of it. We have iioticed in previous years
that swarms are usually numerous if a
spell of warm, sunny weather follows a
wet period, and, no doubt, the sanie will
hold good this season. The first sunny
day that comes will see a number of
swarms issuing, often to the anything
but pleasant surprise of the bee-keepet.

Those who have been queen rearing
should keep an eye on the virgins. The
last fortnight has been bad for mating,
and numbers of queens that have emerged
during th^t time liave still to take their
marriage flight. When looking through a
hive or nucleus containing a virgin queen
on a sunny morning^ do not be unduly
alarmed if neither queen or eggs are to be
found ; quite likely the queen is out on her
mating trip, and the hive should be closed
up and another examination made in a
couple of days. We examined six nuclei
one day several years ago, and not oiie
queen could be found. The owner was
rather despondent, for the virgins were
from a selected strain, but on looking
through them again a few days later was
delighted to iind every one mated and
laying. It i^, of course, better if a queen
is mated within a week of emerging from
the cell. How old a queen may be before
mating becomes impossible is not decided.
On two occasions we have known queens
not mated for six weeks after leaving the
cell, when it was successfully accomplished^
but we believe once an unmated queen
commences to lay drone eggs she will never
mate.

Queens are now coming in from Italy,
and so far we have not heard the com-
plaints of difficulty of introduction that
were so common last year; probably this
is due to the experience gained. A good
plan is to adopt the method of re-queening
we have given before, i.e., make p
nucleus from the colony to be re-queened
and stand it about a foot to one side and
in front of the hive. Put the cage con-
taining the new queen to the nucleus
about 10 or 12 hours afterwards. The
queen will thus be introduced to young

A Dorset Yarii.

A visit to Cardiff brought us into con-
tact with bee-keepers in Glamorgan, and
bee-keepers from other parts of the United
Kingdom, even Ireland sent men with
floral exhibits who recognised the p.ame
over the exhibit of the Yiolet Farm. Many
nien who, like myself, have the snows of
winter in the hair, and some who have the
vigour of young manhood, are all enthu-
siastic on these small insects that are rf
such benefit to mankind. To the horticul-
turist the Ca^rdiff Show was an object-
lesson that will be long remembered. The
miscellaneous collections had many flowers
that were of gi'eat service to the bee-
keeper. In the large tents hive bees,
with bumble bees, were on certain units
of the floral kingdom continuously;
flowers rich in pollen, " Thalictrum,"
" Ciocimifugia," had them each day; at
all times some bee or another was on them,
so some of these plants ^'ill come to the
"Violet Farm, If only as food for our
bees, they will be a good investment.

Mr. W. Herrod-Henipsall, who acted as
judge of the honey classes, was met.
The demonstrations by the experts were
very instructive, and all proved that the
Glamorgan bee-keepers were very much
alive. Though the Show was a bit early
for heavy exhibits of honey, what was
shown was of high quality and finish.

On getting home to the farm on Friday
evening we found that there was another
huge swarm. This had come out of a
hive that had two brood chambers ; it is
a pity they come out in the honey flow. I
would have sent them back, but after two
days fiut of the hive I did not like to risk
it ; had it been the same diay it would
have been different. Am indebted to my
esteerried bee friends for the safe hiding
of this enorriiouS swarm — there is no lack
of the fraternal help With each other in
East tiorset. , ,

It is of great interest to me to note the
time that bees build so much drone comb.
I took from one stock three bars of brood
bees and the queen ; tiiese tt^ere placed
into a brood chamber With ten other

338

t- ^ — ,. — ■,.-

drawn-out combs, and they have filled
two racks of sections, and have not
swarmed. The stock from which these
were taken had three bars with brood
foundation, placed alternately with other
bars, and in ten days they were all drawn
out with drone comb, excepting an inch or
so at the top. By taking the queen away
in May they had to raise more queens,
but to raise whole combs of drones is inex-
plicable. Another hive that was depleted
of four bars of comb for increase did not
do this, but only built a few patches of
drone, as is usual in most stocks. Why
shoiild one lot do so many and another so
few drones.^ These bars were taken out
on the same day in May, the combs that
were drawn-out drone had to come out,
and new ones were added, but on the out-
sides this time; on some of these were
patches of drone comb, but not like the
others that were placed in the centre ot
hive. Neither the parent stock nor the
increase has swarmed, which is what the
bee-keeper wants — honey, not continual
swarming. Still, many bee-keepers have
made money with swarms this year, and
now so much wet has come in the honey
flow they will have the greatest money
balance this season, because, since the
advent of so many Dutch bees, the swarm-
ing has been much more than in former
years. — J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Roadsides purplish-reii with Rest Har-
row ; what wealth is here 1 yet, oh busy
bee, don't go too often to this flower.
Rest Harrow honey is pungent, a touch
of it adds piquancy to the honey of clover
and lime, but too much of it spoils rather
than improves the flavour. Had the fine
weather continued the mowing machine
had passed along the roadside
herbage and laid Rest Harrow and
aught else low. Hereabouts the roadsides
are not grazed as in most parts, conse-
quently wayside flowers have a romping
time before haymaking. Haymaking
checks awhile the honey flow, but is not
to be compared to the check given by a
cold, blustering, damp wind which holds
sway for a week at a time. This past
week has been a trying one for the hive ;
even our Italian bees are content with
what the garden and the fields close at
hand can offer. Radish flowers and an-
chusa are receiving unusual attention
just now; it needs more than a cyclone
to stay these busy creatures from work-
ing. Last Tuesday it rained in torrents
all the morning and cleared for a brief
spell in the afternoon, and out came a
swarm ! The remarkable thing about
this swarm is it came from a hive into
which a swarm of 4^ lbs. was introduced

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 15, 1920.

last month. I didn't expect it, and
didn't want it, for I hadn't a hive quite
ready, so had to set to work to complete
the making of a hive I began some few
days ago. It is not a record I know; yet
not every queen would fill up three-
fourths of ten standard frames with
brood and bring a hive up to swarming
pitch in a little more than a month. The
honey flow was certainly exceptionally
good during June, and we all know how
a lavish flow of honey puts her majesty
into a humour for depositing eggs some-
times three or even four in a cell. Poor
workers ! their patience is nigh inex-
haustible, they've enough to do without
emptying cells over-filled by their queen.

A pretty thing happened this morn-
ing ; as I was walking towards home a
worker, tired with her load of nectar and
pollen, settled on my arm, and there she
clung until I reached the garden, when
she flew off to her hive.

But I'm wandering on, forgetting my
promise of last week re " miner " and
" tapestry " bees. Several species of
solitary bees are miners. Some prefer
hard earth, well rolled garden walks or
tennis lawns, some bore holes straight
down into the earth, others in the sloping
sides of the roads. Some mining bees
are the size of a house fly, others are
larger than the hive bee.

The tapestry bee — a species of the up-
holsterer bee — is a leaf cutter, but
instead of making holes for their
cylindrical nests in the ground they
choose softened mortar of park or garden
walls. Their holes or galleries they make
very beautiful by adorning and furnish-
ing with tapestries of various colours,
they are also lined throughout with bril-
liant scarlet hangings cut from tTie petals
of the wild poppy. Her home complete,
the tapestry bee begins to lay in a stock
of bee bread, and then deposits a single
egg, covers it over with a piece of leaf
and fills in the hole with earth. This
done she proceeds to prepare a home for
her next egg, and so on — each home occu-
pying about three days of the busy
insect's tim^.

The Peterborough Show was a success
in evQ,ry way — bee craft excepted. Ko
bee tent! no display of honey! Aias,
that those who control these shows do not
advance a little and meet bee-keeoers
half way I Who wishes to be demonstrat-
ing in a show-ground on sufferance?
Before apiculture comes into its own the
farmers will have to interest themselves
far more than they do. One now and
again comes across a farmer as anxious
as the rest of us to make bee-keeping a
profitable side line. These gentlemen are
generally men with both eyes wide open.
I do not mean that our husbandmen are

July 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

339

all asleep, but I do maintain that their
attitude towards bee craft is proof that
they have at least one eye half shut.

They have much to try them one knows,
as at present, rain almost daily while
the hay is lying about and the corn just
turning from green to pale fawn, dashed
to the ground by wind and hail, all the
more reason why they should encourage
those side lines which, to say the least,
help them overcome many difficulties,
and surely a clover field near a few
colonies of bees is worth twice as much
as one such unvisited by nectar gatherers.
From great men we expect great things.
— E. F. Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

The Simple and Gentle Art
of Killing Bees.

It was a day of pleasant summer-time
when I remembered, and my conscience
smote me about those bees which had
strayed away on their own, and were mas-
terless, and who inhabit the roofs of village
churches, the hollows of trees and similar
places, and who transmit from one to
another colony pestilent diseases, and who
must be dealt with thoroughly to clear
the country of such diseases. It being
stated by someone recently that such bees
are easy to kill, I decided that now was
the time to deal with them.

So the Boy and I gathered together
certain appliances for the pleasant and
gentle art of killing bees; there was a
spade to dig with, and an axe for chop-
ping, a double-handed saw, a 12-foot
ladder, several sticks of sulphur, and
various other things which as a total load
made the Boy look serious until I consented
to help him. I intended to help him with
advice, but finally found myself like a
travelling workshop ; he had given the
adt^ice. Our first difficulty was which
way to go — to north, south, east or west-
ward ho ! It was the Boy's idea to shade
the compass and note in which direction it
pointed at a chosen second. The result
was not satisfactory, excepting as a time
delayer, though it seemed west was most
favoured ; and considering that we had a
river to the north, a sea to east, and
high hills to the south, it was the only
serviceable path for us, if the Boy had
only used some common sense in the first
instance, without tinkering with the com-
pass. So behold ns en avant loaded up
with the gear and intent on killing those
bees which someone (perhaps it was the
office boy) had said were so easy to kill.
We found the ladder very useful to use to
get over the hedges ; it was only necessary
to prop the ladder against the hedge with
the top high above it, and walk up until

the top see-sawed down to the ground on
the other side and then walk down. The
Boy was very dubious about the plan, but
when he saw me up and slip on the top
and fall on my face into a holly hedge
he saw beauties in it. As he said, only
a great mind could have thought of this
method of getting over a hedge, which
, mollified me somewhat, although my face
felt dreadful with the scratches that it
had received, for it is very rare now
that the Boy says anything about my
ideas. We went on a little way after
this until we approached a village, which
are likely places in which to find stray
swarms, specially the churches in whose
roofs they often are. So we sought out
the church, laid our tackle in the church-
yard, and went carefully round the out-
side of the building looking for likely
places for bees, but could see none the
bees were making use of. This did not
matter, for I knew bees were in church
roofs, and bees were easy to kill, and I
intended to kill them. So I directed the
Boy to gather as much wood, paper and
twigs as he could and follow me inside
the church, where, after choosing a suit-
able place in the centre of the floor, we
made up our heap of wood, etc., and
proceeded to light it; but our material
proved damp, and after striking several
matches in vain, I was considering collect-
ing up the numerous books around Ub
and adding them to our heap, when a
vulgar individual came in and asked us
what we were doing. I carefully explained
that there were bees in the church roof and
probably with pestilent diseases on them,
and as they did not like smoke and were
easy to kill, I was intending to smoke
them out. But he said, "You will burn
down the church." This had not occurred
to me, but I told him I would still kill
the bees. " But you must not," he said,
" or, if you must, let me bring the Vicar;
he will come and help you, for he also
likes to kill bees." On this he hurried
away and along the village street. The
Boy said, " Let us get a move on, master."
"Why! " said I; "he has only gone to
bring the Vicar to help us." " Not he,"
said the Boy, " he has gone for the police,
for T know where the police lives." On
this I thought it time to go, for the
Boy's knowledge, though somewhat
peculiar, was generally accurate, so wo
went without the parting and loving cup
being given to us by the villagers after
we had gathered up our killing appli-
ances. "No," continued the Boy, "the
Vicar, he don't like bees, they irritate
the folks in church and make them unable
to sleep peacefully ; if he had his way he
would supply everyone with a dummy
soother, and it would pay, for it would

340

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Ji;|y 15, 1920.

prevent a lot ojf har4 remarks about his
preaching.'* ' We plunged almost immedi-
ately 'into a plantation after leaving the
yillag^, which I considered lucky, for
■\yoo(Js are famous places for bees, and we
^sooii found 3, tree in which I could dis-
tinctly see bees' nests.

The Boy had his doubts, for he had a
vague recollection of squirrels' nests being
in similar places ; but this I said wa^
absurd, for I could see they were bees, and
so propping up the ladder against the tree
I sent him up it to report. The Boy
proved a good climber to the top of the
ladder, but refused to go further. I could
have done better myself, excepting that
I wanted one foot on the ground during
my climbing, so we were in a fix, though
not up a tree. I decided to try the use
of the saw. We soon found a double-
handed saw was no joke to use on a tree
standing upright, especially in inexperji-
enced hands, with a Boy at one end who
would pull at the same time I did. My
violent instructions to him soon brought
a man with a gun on his shoulder to the
scene. To' his inquiries I patiently
explained that bees were iiji trees and sup-
posed to be easy to kill, and that it was
our duty to kill tliose bee's. I heard him
sav, "Surely they have not all escaped
from the Big House." "No, no," I has-
tened to assure him, " they came probably
from a small hiye." " I did not exactly
mean bees," he said. I had to attend to
the Boy just then, it sounded as if he
were choking ; the foolish fellow was try-
ing to breathe with his handkerchief in
his mouth. When I got him recovered
'the man said it was also his mission in
life to kill things, and that I must leave
all the things in that wood to him; he
would kill those bees if he had to shoot
them one at a tipie, and as for the damage
done to the tj-ee by our saw we would
hear further about it. He would take us
to the edge of the wood and direct us to
a better one which belonged to a retired
colonel whom we would know by his red
face ; no doubt he would welcome us in
his own way, so;rry he could not go with
us to see it. Thus we 'went on ;our way.
We saw several bees fiyipg about, but it
proved a tricky business chasing them,
and we could not catch any, for we had
forgotten to bring with us any salt. We
saw one bee curious near a hole in the
ground, and we promptly commenced to
dig at longer or shorter spells with the
one spade ; at least, I got the longer and
th'' Boy the shorter, and I was unable to
alter the rotation. After we had made
th<7 hole umpteen feet wide and double
umpieen feet deep, we were in doubt. As
a country-looking man said, it was too
hot for bees dowii .there, ?ind if we went

further we would come to where the earth
was ill a fluid state; as for the hole, it
it need not be wasted, for we could start
business and sell grave spaces, sepa:rate
or wholesale for families. This so dis-
gusted me I decided to move on to fresh
woods and pastures new. To do this \ve
must cross a fairly wide and deep brook.
1 pushed the ladder across and started to
walk across ; due, probably to fear, tjie
Boy followed closely after me, thinking
company was best; but this broke the
ladder, and let me down up to my neck
in a nasty mixture of mud and water.

By some marvellous luck the Boy escaped
the fajfce, and he sat on the bank and
consoled me. He said I was now ready to
follow bees under water ; but I could not
remember where it says in the text-book
anything about bees dwelling under water,
although I knew fishes made nests. After
I had got out of the water the Boy decided
it was time to go home, so we cast off
all our gear to look after itself and made
for home. And so the result of our killing
was nil, and we lost all the gear through
being too heartbroken to carry it away.

There is a little moral in this tragic
history ; if not, there should be, and ought
to be. It is easier to hill than to find
the bees ; but this I know, I want some-
thing less exciting than the easy and
simple killing of bees. — Yours, in despair,
F. B. CHARLTpN, Stockton-on-Tees.

Jottings.

Super Packing. — Somewhat late in the
day I offer the suggestion that wisps from
wine bottles make excellent packing
around the supers, or for that matter,
extra or light quilting, and if used before
the binders are broken will keep all both
clean and compact.

The Gambol of Bee-heeping. — I prefer
to use this lighter vein of thought in
connection with our pleasant occupation,
but in tlie complications and disappoint-
ments set up in the present season's re-
view I am afraid I may be accused of
linking our thdugbts to the more heavy
and serious aspect of competition and
investment.

Tn this locality we found the spring at
Ip^st six weeks advanced, colonies simply
packed with bees, but with very little
stores, and many at starvation ppini.
Fruit blossoms were suddenly withdrawn,
and a very serious state of affairs pre-
sented itself to many, the strongest
colonies causing the most anxiety. Then
during the dull days of May we found
immature brood being throwji out, and
some colonies completely starved. June
])roved, if anything, more fickle, with an

July 15, 19^0, THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

m

occasional day of warmth, just enough
to allow breeding to proceed. The re-
duced numbers were much in evidence in
the puny swarms which issued towards
the middle of the month, while at the
end they were either four to six pounds,
or a continuation of small ones. I hived
a six-pounder on July 3, the parent hive
had no honey in the brood chamber,
about 20 lbs. in sixty sections, very few
filled, while the hive was a mass of brood,
and bees. A swarm hived seven days pre-
viously, secured a fair proportion of
honey in a week, and we now get day
upon day of dulness and wet storms, and
the height of the season upon us. A
change for the better would just " save
our bacon," with the prospect of a
brighter tale, this seems especially try-
ing to beginners, of whom he have a good
number, who generally think it is only
necessary to secure bees to get the honey.

Still another hive was killing drones
June 20 ; these had swarmed several times.

A friend finds my " lift-up " advice a
failure, and he thinks there is no cure for
swarming, while in my own hive worked in
this way this is the only one that has any
appreciable amount of honey as yet.
W$ere are we?

Fraternity (1020).— First, I would thank
the kindly thought and interest of Mr.
Harwood, which prompted him to so
kindly send me the package of honey
plants, which were, indeed, a pleasant
surprise. I have had a couple of hunts
for his address, but failed, so I will ask
him to please accept this as acknowledg-
ment. More I must not say in face of the
" law." I don't quite see the force of
your correspondent's argument, Mr.
Editor, as he says, he has taken great
interest in, and derived much valuable
help, from the pages of this Journal.
Surely this is in contradiction to the
last portion of his letter, which I think
must have been written in his " croiss "
mood.

Fraternising often takes a heavy toll
from a few by way of the helping hand,
but I have met very few who would not
pass on most that has been picked up
elsewhere. Really I fail to see whv a
request of this sort should receive offers
of bees galore when it is purely a business
proposition, and generally tbe advertise-
ment columns of the Joi;rnal are full of
such offers. And it is not any one of
us who always has a special kind to dis-
pose of. I do not think we bave much
to reproach ourselves about compared
with most hobbies and undertakings,
unless it is that too many of us relv on
others, and leave the study to be of the
smallest elementary character when once
the bees are hived.

Since writing the above we bad an
hour's sunshine, which prompted two or
three swarms to come out which were due.
One cluster was at least seven pounds,
a foot below that was another one, three
parts of a gallon, the following twenty-
four hours the poor creatures wore hang-
ing in a deluge of rain. I accommodated
the big lot with some bars, mounting a
ladder with a large sugar-box, and put
the smaller one into a skep. Eaining all
the time. One wonders if they always
are weather prophets, but internal pres-
sure works wonders I suppose. Anyhow, I
hope they have some fine weather 'n
view. — A. H. Hamshar.

Apiculture in Holland.

Possibly the appended translation of
an official report on apiculture in Holland
giay be of interest to some of your readers
at the present time, when an insistent
movement is being made for an Act of
Parliament for the promotion of the bee
industry in this country.

" L' APICULTURE EN HOLLAKDl'-."

"A delegate of the Syndical Chamber
of Apiculture of Belgium, Monsieur H.
Smeyers, has just published in the Journal
L'Apiculture Bationelle a report on his
official journey through Holland. This is
what he writes : —

" The Organisation of Apiculture in
Holland includes a great federation. This
Society possesses a ' House of Apicul-
turists ' at Wageningen, so called because
the members of the Society can there ob-
tain everything that is required for
apiculture. They can sell there all the
products of the apiary. This establish-
ment, like the co-operative und'jrtakings
that one meets with in Belgium, is car-
ried on by the commercial department
of the National Federation of Apicultur-
ists. It has a saw-mill for the cnnstruc-
tion of frame-hives, cylindrical machines
for the manufacture of foundation, honey
extractors, wax extractors, and a counter
for the sale of numerous bee appliances,
as well as of honev. The receipts in 1918
reached over 2,000,000 francs, yielding a
ret profit of 13.000 francs to the Associa-
tion The Federation buvs and receives
annuallv about 1,000,000 lbs. of simar, re-
quired for wintering the bees of nil bee-
keepers. This sugar is exemi.t from
Excise dutv. which amounts to 27 florins
per 100 kilos, (about 200 lbs.). Its medi-
cation is carried out at the ' House cf
Apiculturists.' ,^ ^ i.

" The result of this is that the Dutch
Government thus favours apiculturists to
the amount of about 405,000 francs of
Excise duty. In Belgium, the remission

342

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 15, 1920.

of Excise duty on sugar for bees scarcely
readies the amount of 100,000 francs for
a similar quantity of sugar, i.e., four
times less.

" The Federation possesses a valuable
apicultural library, and also a series of
small ' circulating ' libraries, the books
of which, enclosed in small boxes, are
sent in rotation to the various sections
of different districts. Holland possesses
school-apiaries, and stations of observa-
tion installed in different localities, where
bee-keepers come to obtain useful and
precise instruction for the management
of their hives.

" Instruction in apiculture engages
especially the attention of the Dutch
Government, and, with this in view, it
has created a post of ' Apicultural Ad-
viser,' the duties of which are discharged
by M. Vangiersbergen, who possesses a
theoretic and practical knowledge of api-
culture in a marked degree. The
' official ' adviser is authoritative between
the Government and the bee-keepers
whom he visits and whose apiaries he
inspects. All questions relating to apicul-
ture are submitted to him by the Govern-
ment. He undertakes the verification
and inspection of the hives at the
frontier to prevent the introduction into
the country of infected stocks. Among
his duties are the organisation and over-
sight of the courses of instruction and
of conferences on apiculture. He holds
conferences himself in those districts
where he considers it useful to do so. He
controls the school apiaries, and collects
all documents concerning apiculture. Ho
often, and of his own accord, moves from
place to place where invited, or when he
considers it useful to do so. He draws
up all the scientific statistics useful for
popularising bee-kooping, and he forms
a link between horticulturists and apicul-
turists, to promote the sending of colonies
of bees useful for the fertilisation of
flowers into districts which are distinctly
fruit-producing.

" Thus it happens that in certain parts
horticulturists offer a payment of 50 per
cent, per hive for bee-keepers to brins;
their bees to thorn. In this connection
the Federation of Dutch Horticulturists
hns forwarded to the Minister of Agricul-
ture a renuest that the exportation of
boes should bo pmbibited through fear of
sopincr their fniit-harvests diminish.

" Instruction in apiculture is carried
out on serious foundations. Conference
members have to pass a theoretic and
practical examinntion before an official
iury, including the 'Apicultural Adviser.'
There are given every year in Holland
twenty courses in apiculture, including
twenty theoretic and iovuf practical les-
s^^nfi. The courses are given .f i the head-

quarters of the Apicultural Societies and
under their auspices. At the end of these
courses an examination for obtaining the
diploma of Member of Conference lasts
several days, and is preceded by a special
preparatory course directed by the ' Ad-
viser ' and his assistant.

" Nominations to the Apicultural Con-
ferences are made by the Government on
the recommendation of the Apicultural
Adviser. This miethod of proceeding
results in giving to instruction in apicul-
ture a character and form entirely
scientific and practical." — ^W. Winter-
ton, Stoke Mandeville.

Yorkshire Bee-Keepers Association

ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting of the association
was held at Darlington on July 1 in the
Bee and Honey Tent, Koyal Show ground,
kindly lent by the B.B.K.A. The Chair-
man, the Eev. T. H. Hutchinson, pre-
sided. The minutes of the last meeting
were read and confirmed. The Secretary,
Mr. W. E. Richardson, read his report
and balance-sheet, which showed a large
increase of paying members and good
financial state. The Secretary reported
that 95 Dutch-Italian nuclei were raised
in 1919 from the dO Dutch skeps pur-
chased by the Yorkshire Council for
Agricultural Education under the Govern-
ment Re-stocking scheme, and 26 skeps
had wintered well, and up to July 1, 1920,
40 nuclei had been sent out, and given
good weather there was every prospect of
reaching 100. Yorkshire bee-keepers owe
a debt of gratitude to the gentlemen who
so kindly came forward, sparing neither
time nor trouble in looking after the
skeps, raising and despatching the
nuclei so successfully. The Secretary
was glad to report disease on the wane,
and he represented the county at the
Conference of Bee-keepers in London on
the Bee Disease Bill, and he knew all York-
shire bee-keepers were anxiously awaiting
its progress through Parliament, for
with empty disease-infested hives and
skeps scattered all over the country and
no means of prevention it was impossible
to retard or stamp out disease.

It was decided to have a meeting and
conference of bee-keepers every quarter in
differpnt parts of the county, and the first
will be held at Harrogate in September.

The Earl of Harewood, K.G., was re-
elected president, with a number of vice-
])rosidents and the committee en hloc.
The deaths of three prominent Yorkshire
bee-keepers were recorded with deep re-
gret, viz., Mr. Grimshaw, late secre-
tary, and well-known writer in the
'eighties under the nom dc flume of " The

July 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

343

Hut " ; Mr, Rymer, inventor of the honey
press and board, and the Rev. Jannings,
who found all life's pleasures from his
bees, and making handy appliances for
their comfort and welfare. — W. E.
Richardson, hon. secretary.

_J^^*

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real, name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Quilts for Bee Hives.

[10218] Several correspondents have
written about their quilts being torn into
holes by the bees. I do not think the
holes are " bitten " by the bees, but that
the bees pull the ends of the fibres and
so pull the fibres of the calico out. This
" nap " or ends of fibres sticking up,
prevents the bees from getting an easy
foothold on the quilt, and to get this
foothold is the cause of the work of the
bees and the destruction of the quilt.

Bee-keepers may remove this " cause "
by starching, painting, or waxing the
calico before it becomes a quilt. Of the
three ways, "waxing" I find the most
successful in point of service and com-
fort to the bees, for now I have quilts of
many years' wear the calico for which
only cost 2|d. per yard.

If the calico for the quilts is rubbed
over on both sides with warmed bees-wax
and then run over with a warm flat iron,
it will give a suitable surface to the quilt.
Quilts so treated, give the bees a com-
fortable easy foothold, are flexible when
warm over the hive, fitting snugly on top
of bars and sides of hives, preventing
draughts through the hive, easy to peel
off, no propolis, and if occasionally re-
ironed, say at spring-cleaning and autumn
packing for wintering, it will make a
quilt as near perfect as possible, as 1
have found in many years of bee-keeping.

1 might add that my quilts have a hole
about 4 in. square, and are made of two
thicknesses of calico with the cut edges
both of hole and sides turned inside and
then stitched. I use a sheet of glass over
hole when not required for feeding or
other purposes, as it enables me to look
■at combs in winter or early spring with-
OTit the disadvantage of opening the
hive in cold weather. — J. Bint, Bucknall,
Lincoln.

Re Bees Disappearing.

[10219] I have not the copy of my origi-
nal letter now, but if I used the words
" wintered my bees," I did not mean that
1 opened the hives in the winter, but that
I fed them with syrup in the late autumn,
1 think I mentioned that at time of closing
the hives for the winter the bees were
very strong, that was in October. I did
not examine them again until the spring.

No. 3 hive, the strongest stock of all,
had plenty of stores when I made my final
examination of combs before destroying
them, no brood, but three fully-developed
queen cells from which young queens had
been hatched. These were not on the
combs in October. I think the bees must
have killed their queen and hatched vir-
gins, and they must have come out during
one of the very mild days we had this
winter here in South Devon.

The loss of bees in other hives still
remains a mystery. I found no queen
cells, or brood, in any of their combs.

My remaining bees are doing very well,
and 1 hope to end this season with a
dozen stocks or more.

The queen in No. 3 hive was an old one,
and her wings had been cut; she was the
best I ever had, and I raised all my young
queens from her. I had intended to re-
queen this hive with one of Mr. Simmin's
White Star queens, but, unfortunately, he
was not able to fulfil my order last year,
and having waited until it was too late to
rear one. I was forced to leave the old
queen in hive. — Geo. M. Rosling.

How to Sell British Honey.

[10220] In this country we are getting
well stocked with bees ; this will mean sur-
plus bees and honey. To sell our honey —
British honey — we must create a demand
for it ; also labels must be made to state
whether imported or British. Our labels
should include the words, " Support home
industries, and beware of imported
honey."

Also a leaflet should be enclosed with
each jar, or section, with facts about
honey, a few recipes and such like. The
uses of honey are numerous ; how many of
the general public know of its many uses?
An example : have you tried lemons cut
up, boiling water added and sweetened
with honey ; this is a most refreshing
healthy drink, and beats " John Barley-
corn " on the harvest field and elsewhere.
Also, black currants, boiled and strained;
add honey. This made hot on a cold day
is fine. This should appeal to our rev.
friends. I am sure they would give the

3|£

TH^ BRITIS:p[ BE^a JOURNAL. July l-S 1920.

sweetest sermon ever known and no one
will regret it.

Nursing mothers will benefit along with.
the wee ones. Don't tell people what I
heard at a lecture once, that a pound of
honey is equal in food value to a pound
of beef, etc. ; this will hold us up to ridi-
cule. Everything has its uses, and com-
parison and place.

In reply to many correspondents, they
can use the words of my label. I think it
could be improved with a garland of
flowers and printed in colours, being too
plain. A skep may look picturesque, b*it
is not up to date, and only looks well in
a football cartoon.

A honey stall on the local market would
help, also a tour of the shops in a seaside
town will add to the pleasure and profit
of the day ; no need for stage fright, you
will be welcomed. After all we are truly
British, now it's up to you. — A. Trowse.
Eade Road, Norwich.

" Isle of Wight " Disease, or
Creepers all Over Hives.

[10221] Last night a friend came to
see me. He asked me if I remembered
the hives covered with creepers (not a
bee on the wing) some years ago. I
went and tried to kill them off. I put
flowers of sulphur on the paper well
alight in smoker and puffed in the open-
ing of hives to suffocate them, but in-
stead of doing that, in a few days there
was not a creeper to be seen. He says
they carried in pollen, and the bees
were stronger. I remember doing a good
many stocks like it, only they were not
so strong, but creepers soon disappeared,
and no more came out crawling. I had
forgotten this until my friend reminded
me, but I hope some bee-keepers when
they see crawlers will try it and report.
These hives were not stained or spotted
at all, but quite clean, only all the bees
were crawlers. — ^W. Green, Laindon,
June 24.

Bees Building Comb Upwards.

[10222] With reference to Mr. A. C.
Grimshaw's letter (10161) on bees build-
ing comb upwards, I had standing in my
apiary last year a skep, and wishino; to
super same, I placed on it another skep.
On looking in the top skep a few days
afterwards I found that the beps had
built upwards from the hole in the bottom
skep to about four inches high. When
they reached Ijhe top they spread out
and filled the skep with combs. I have
never seen combs built upwards in a bar-
frame hive. — Leslie R. Fitch, Birdbrook,
Essex.

Is This a Record?

[10223] At the begiiining of the season
I lost what I considered my best queen
whilst out for a flight. I picked her up
outside another stock, dead.

Five queen cells were raised, and the
queen from the oiie which I left stkrted
laying on June 5. There were then two
combs of eggs one and two days old, so I
put another brood box on, making a total
of 21 brood combs.

Last Sunday I looked again, and found
19 combs packed full of brood — 19 combs
of brood in 15 days. Some scorching I

If the bees turn out good workers, as no
doubt they will, I intend to raise all my
future queens from this mother.

Leicester bee-keepers are invited to visit
our apiary if they will send us a card.
These bees are Italian hybrids. — John W.
Earl.

Is it "Isle of Wight" Disease?

[10224] RefeiTing to Rev. Hemining's
jottings in July 1 Journal, we are
experiencing the same thing with our
swarms as he mentions. They are hived
apparently healthy, but in a day or so
of hiving we find them crawling, although
the parent hive is going strong. There
is not one exception in our apiary. We
have been treating them with Flavine,
which certainly is doing good. If not
" Isle of Wight " disease, it is something
very near approaching it. — Wm. S. H!al-
FORD, West Wratting, Cambs.

An Early Morning Swarm.

[10225] At 7.35 a.m. (summer time) this
morning (June 12) I received a message to
say that one of my hives had swarmed. I
immediately went to the apiary and found
a fair sized swarm on an apple tree. Is
not this rather early in the day for a
swarm? I have already had two very
good swarms from this hive. Can any
reader tell me of any earlier swarms? —
K. Walker.

Birds and Bees.

[10226] T see in " Notices to Corre-
spondents " you give shooting the tits as
the only remedy.

I had been much troubled in the same
way, but by putting a piece of ordinary
chicken wire above the porch it prevented
the tits getting to the alighting board,
and did not interrupt the passage for
the bees. — J. H. Pritchard.

Royal Show Fund.

Amount received ... £20 3 5

Signer Bozzalla ... £10 0

Total

£21 3 5

July 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

345

T. lE. Lawbon (Staffs).— 4re bees livestock?— We
should certainly class b^s as " livestock " — pro-
viding they were alive.

A. E. S. (Loughton) and C. M. (Shropshire).— Dis-

' infecting hives and combs.— The best method of
disinfecting hives is by scorching the inside with
a painter's lamp, or with a bru&li apply a strong
6olu+ion of some disinfectant and water. The
outside of hive may be washed with disinfectant
in water. The combs may be fumigated with
Bacterol or Formalin, or soaked for several hours
in disinfectant and water. For this purpose use
Bacterol, Yadil, or Formalin. They will then be
safe. It will be wise to treat the sections before
using.

" William " (Somerset).— If you are going in lor
the final examination you will need to study
all the bee literature you can. A dissectible
model of queen bee would be of assistance. Sorry
We do not know where you could obtain mounted
specimens of the various hive and wild beesi
Suspected Disease.

T. Jones (Edeyrn), Miss E. M. B. (Ulverston).—
So far as we could tell the bees were not

" Land " (Hants), C. E. C. (Ipswich).— The trouble
is " I.O.W." disease.

Bee Shows to Come.

July 15 and 16, at Grimsby.— Lincolnshire
Agrlcultnral Society. Show of Bee Appliances,
Honey, Sections, Wax, etc., under the manage-
ment of the Lines B.K.A. Open and County
Classes. Valuable prizes.- Schedules from Major
Hadfield, Alford, Lines. Entries closed.

July 20 to 23, at Aberdeen.— Highland and
Agricultural Society. Classes for Bee Appliances
and Honey. Premiums £53 10s. Half of Prize
Money and Silver and Bronze Medals contributed
by the Scottish Bee-keepers' Association.— Entry
forms from John Stirton, Secretary, 3, George IV.
Bridge, Edinburgh.

July 21, at Broughton, Hants.— Open
Classes : Single 1-lb. Bottle, Single Section ; prizes,
20s., 15s., 10s.— Schedules from Chas. Hoare,
Broughton. Hants.

• July 21, Wyke and Normandy Horticul-
tural Society.- Honey Classes (Open). Best
three sections, 5s., 3s, 2s. ; Run Honey, light, 3
1-lb. glass jars, 5s., 3s., 2s.; Run Honey, dark, 3
1-lb. glass jars, 5s., 3s., 2s. Entrance fee, 6d.— Par-
ticulars, H. L. Mumford, Hon. Sec, Heatherside.
Normandy. Guildford.

July 21, Bishopstoke, Hants, at the Royal
Southampton Horticultural Society's Show.— Bit-
t*rne and Swanmore Bpe-keepers' A.'ssociation's
Honey Show. Four Open Classes.— Schedules, C. D.
Cawsey, Clifton Villa, Bitterne, Hants.

July 24 (postponed from 17th), at Guild-
ford.—Guildford and District Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation. Members and Open Classes.— Schedules and
Tyrize list from Rev. E. C. Pitt-Johnson (Hon. Sec),
Heathenvood, Pirbright, Surrey. Entries closed.

July 28, at Over Wallop. Hants.— Wallop
Horticultural Society. Open Class, single 1-lb.
bottle Light Honev; prizes, 7s. 6d.. 5s., 2?. 6d.—
Hon. Secretary. P. E. Roberts, School House,
Nether Wallop. Hants. Entries close July 24.

July 28, at Blandford.- The Blandford and
District Horticultural Society are holding a Show
of Fruit. Vegetables, Flowers, and Honey in the
Park, adjoining the Crown Meadow, Blandford.
Prizes for honey by the Dorset B.K.A. for mem-
bere of the Association.— Schedules from C. G.
Bone (Dor.set Bee-keepers' Association), County
Education Office, High West Street. Dorchester.
' July 59 to August 2, at Bolton.— Royal
Lanbashire Agricultural Society's Show. £30 prizes
for Honey. Six Classes.— Schedules (stating

Honey Section) from R. O. Bradbury, Secretary,
Derby House, Preston. Entries closed.

August 2, at Bredon.— Annual Show of the
Worcestershire B.K.A. Three open classefl. Sciie-
dules from Geo. Richings, 42, Barbourno Road,
Worcester. Entries close July 26.

Monday and Tuesday, August 2 and 3, at
Nevrport.— Monmouthshire Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Annual Show (in connection with the New-
port Allotment Holders' Association). Members
and Open Classes.- Schedules (post free 3d.) from
Hon. Sec, " Underwood," Portskcwett, near
Chepstow, Monmouthshire. Entries close
July 26.

August 3, 4 and 5, at Abington Park,
Northampton.— Northants Bee-keepers' Associa
tion Show, in connection with the Municipal
Horticultural Society's Show. Open Classes for
single 1-lb. jar and section.— Schedules from Mr
H. F. Swann, 41, St. Michael's Mount, Northamp
ton. Entries close July 30.

August 4, at Shedfield, Hants, in conjunc
tion with the Shedfield Horticultural Society's
Show, Hants and Isle of Wight Bee-keepers' Asso.
ciations. Swanmore and Bitterne Branches,
Classes for Comb and Extracted Honey.— Schedules
from the Hon. Sec, A. F. Hardy, Esq., Tte
Palace House, Bishop's Waltham, Hants.

August 7, at Barnstaple. — Barnstaple and
District Horticultural Exhibition, to be held in
the Market Hall. Five Open Classes for Honey.—
Schedules from Hon. Secretary, 19, Grosvenor
Street, Barnstaple.

August 11, at Wye.— Kent Honey Show.
Thirty classes, half of which are open to U.K.
Four Silver Cups and 75 other prizes. Schedules,
Mr. A. Lepper, Wye. Entries close August 1.

August 14 and 16, at Cannock, Staffs.—
Eight open classes for honey, etc Prizes Take
£12. Schedules from J. Bird, Secretary, "Glen-
may," Allport Road, Cannock.

August 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal prizes.
—Schedules from Mr. F. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

August 14, at Iilanelly.— Carmarthenshire
B.K.A. Show, in connection with the Llanelly and
District Horticultural Society's Show. Liberal
prizes (nearly £15) offered for Honey, Wax,
and Appliances. 15 Classes (7 Open).— Schedules
from R. Lloyd Roberts, London Joint, City and
Midland, Llanelly. Entries close August 6.

August 18 and 19, at Coventry.— Worcester-
shire Bee-keepers' Association, in connection with
the County Agricultural Show. Lectures on both
dfiys.— Schedules from Mr. J. R. Ingerthorpe,
Krowle, Warwicks.

August 18 and 19, at Derby.— Derbyshire
B.7C.A. Honey Show to be held on the grounds
of the Derbyshire Agricultural Society. Two Open
Clfisses. Three Cups in Members' Classes.— Secre-
tary, F. Meakin, 37, Pybus Street, Derby.
Ell tries close August 4.

August 25, at Prestbury, Cheltenham.—
Flower, Fruit and Honey Show. Open Class for
single 1-lb. jar of honey. Several classes open to bee-
keepers living within a radius of 12 miles.— Sche-
dules from A. H. Bowen, Coronation Road,
Cheltenham. Entries close August 18.

August 28, at Kounslow.— Hounslow and
District Allotment Holders' Associntion Second
Ai'iiial Exhibition of A'egetables and Fruit. Honey
exhibits nnfier the control of the Twickenham and
Thames Valley B.K.A. Open Classes for single
hoUle and .seetinn.— Schedules from Miss M. Byatt,
" HaT\-thorn," Hanworth, Middlesex.

Saturday, August 28, at Hinckley.-
Leicest<;rshire and Rutland Bee-keppers' Associa-
tion, in connection with Hinckley Flower Show.—
Open Classes for Honey, Sections and Jars. Prizes,
12s. 6d., 7s. 6d., and 46. 6d. in each class. Judge,
J. Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.— Schedules from A.
Kimbrell, Esq., Clarendon Road, Hinckley.
E^'tries rlose August 23.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen open classes In Honey
Section. Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. Entries clos« Novem-
ber 6.

346

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

July 15, 1920.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders lor three or more eomecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " fret of
charge.

FKIVATi: ADVEBTISEMIlirTS.

SPARE NUCLEUS, strong, oe 4 frames, 1920
Queen, 42s.— SHAW, Betula, Parkview Road,
New EMam. g.88

TRONG STOCK ITALIAN HYBRIDS on 10

frames, 1919 Queen, £3 10s.; healthy; pur-
chaser to send box.— SHARPE, Bentinck, Kirkby-
in-Ashfield, Notts. g.89

SPARE six Italian-Dutch Queens, just laying,
splendid lot, 6s. 6d. each.— HILL, Belmount,
Ockbrook, Derby. g.91

OELL, Stock Italian Hybrids, 1920 Queen, 10
O frames, in W.B.C. Hive with lift, 21 sections
full sheets, bees up, £7; £5 5s. without hive.— DR.
LLOYD, Stocksbridge, Sheffield. g.92

EVERAL STOCKS ITALIAN HYBRIDS, war-
ranted healthy, on 6 frames, 1920 Queens, £3;
travelling box 10s., returnable.— SAUNDERS, Nur-
series, Downend. g.94

EX-SERVICE MAN, lost all stocks during five
years' service (12 stocks). Will some kind
bee-keeper oblige with a small Swarm?— J. S.
WATSON, 4, Kimberley Terrace, Soham, Cambs.

g^

THREE ITALIAN HYBRIDS, 10-frame stocks,
vigorous condition, £3 10s. each; box 10s.,
returnable.- MEAD, 27, Godson Road, Croydon.
g^

WANTED, Nos. 2, 3. 6 and 7 of the Bee
World, in good condition.— MANAGER,
B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2.

I^EW STOCKS of Italians on 10 frames, ready
for supering, £4; boxes 12s., returnable.—
HENSLEY, Luton Apiary, Queen's Road, Chat-
ham. g.97

SURPLUS BEES.— Stocks, Nuclei, for disposal
from 35s. for 4 frames, 1920 Queens. State your
requirements.- WHITE, 10, Northern Parade,
Portsmouth. g.99

a MALL APIARY.— Twelve healthy Stocks, 1920
O Queens, 7s. 6d. per frame; 10 Hives, nearly
new, well painted, at half list prices; four new
Conqueror Hives, 576. 6d. each. Section Racks,
Shallow Frames, most drawn out, and other
Appliances. Would prefer to sell as a whole.
Stamp for particulars and appointment to view.—
F. HOOD, Horton, Slough. g.lOO

TWO strong Stocks, 8 frames, filled with brood,
this year Queen, £3; 4-frame Nucleus, 35s.;
boxes 10s., returnable.-COOPER, 15, Overcliffe,
Gravesend. g.lOl

TTALIAN HYBRID QUEENS, fertiles, lOs.,
-l booked to order only; few Virgins, by return,
3s. Satisfaction, or replaced.— JACK TICKELL,
Westbourne Apiary, Cheltenham. g.l02

OWAN EXTRACTOR, perfect condition; first
cheque £4 10s. gets it.— Box 94, B.B.J. Office,
23, Bedford Street, W.C.2.

I^OR SALE, Second-hand all guaranteed clean
exceptionally well made W.B.C. hives, with
oak lege; also combination hivee, £2 each; well-
made shallow frame boxes, 38. each; Queen ex-
clndere, Is. 3d. each.— DAVID HANCOX, Grove
Lodge, Deddington, Oxon. g.38

S

WANTED, one or two Standard Hives; must be
in good condition and guaranteed free from
disease.— State price and particulars, G. (JORDON-
LANGLEY, Station Hotel, Chertsey, Surrey. g.l03

TRONG STOCK of Italians, 6 frames, £2 5s.—
15, Kelvin Avenue, Bowes Park, London.
g.l04

A FEW Al quality Italian Stocks of Bees for
Sale, 6, 8, or 10 frames; fine for heather;
guaranteed healthy. Only letters accompanied by
stamp will be answered.-— CROWE, Merriott, Crew-
kerne. g.l06

IT^INE quality Honey, £10 per cwt. Only
inquiries accompanied by stamp will be
answered.— CROWE, Merriott, Crewkerne. g.l05

TWO STOCKS Dutch-Italian Bees on 9 frames,
ready super, prolific, 1920 Queens, 70s. each, or
85s. with small hives.— POLHILL, Monkwood,
Chingford, E.4. g.l07

SURPLUS 1920 Hybrid Fertile Queens, Penna
strain, immediate delivery, 7s. 6d. each, post
free.— EVANS, Lattiford, Wincanton, Somerset.

g.l08

MAY SWARM on 8 frames for 55e. ; strong,
healthy ; expert's guarantee.— BURFOOT,
Chipstead, Sevenoaks. g.l09

BARGAINS.— Strong Nucleus, 1920 Italian
Queen, 4 combs, 35s.; strong Stock, 10 combs,
Italian 'Hybrids, £3 10s.— ROUND, 38, Arngask
Road. Catford, S.E.6. g.UO

EXTRACTOR, chain gear, 26 x 18, Ripener, 28 x
11, 32s. 6d., f.o.r.— DUTTON, Rhosnessney,
near Wrexham. g.ll9

OF'FER wanted for four supered mahogany
Observation bar-framed and other Hives,
Supers, Bell Glasses, Feeders and other Bee
Appliances.— KIBBLE, 22, Battle Road, Erith,
Kent. g.l21

FOR SALE, Honey Extractor, Ripener, etc., etc.
— AUDEN, " Hillington," Jersey Road, Isle-
worth. g.l20

PURE Bell's or Barron's Leghorn Cockerels, 15
weeks, 10s., carriage paid; basket 10s., return-
able.—HOWLETT, " Sylvabelle," Tring. g.ll7

BEESWAX, pure, for Sale, 3 cwt. packed in
J-cwt. bags, £8 16s. per cwt. net, f.o.r.
London.— Apply, Box 92, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London. W.C.2. ir.g.43

DUTCH VIRGIN QUEENS from imported
stocks, the surplus from the Restocking
Apiaries of the Edinburgh and East of Scotland
College of Agriculture, 3s. each.— AVERY, 13.
George Sqnare, Edinburgh. g.50

TWO SWARMS on frames, one Italian, one
Italian Hybrids, certified healthy by Middle-
sex expert, 50s. each.— E. MACKAY, M.M.B.K.A..
9, Priory Gardens, Highgate, N. g.51

SACRIFICE.— Bees, 20 strong Stocks, 10 frames,
£3 per stock: crate 10s.. returnable; room
wanted.— GTTTINGS, Bleak House, Bleak Hill,
Phimstead Common. r.g.59

WANTED to sell at once, surplus Stocks
healthy Bees, 10 frameis. £4 per stock; pur-
chaser to send boxes.- JEWITT, Hensall, near
Goole, Yorks. g.64

THREE good healthy Stocks of Italian Hybrids,
10 frames, Penna strain. £3 lOs., carriage
paid; lOs. on box. Seen by appointment. (Am
overstocked.)— H. OBORNE, 25, Guest Road,
Bishopstoke, Hants. r.g.71

COLONIES, 50s.; Casts, 32r. 6d.— MRS. FRED
BATCHELOR, Bailey's Farm, near Bendish,
Whitwell-Herts. iFor telegrams, Whitwell-Herte is
counted one word. g.9

July 15, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

347

THREE STRONG STOCKS on 8 frames, 3 gs.
each, carriage paid; boxes 10s., returnable.—
HODSON, Harley Lodge, Enfield. g.60

BUSINESS ADVEBTISEMEITTS.

lid. per word.

prn COLONIES extra prolific Hybrids, in one
•JU lot or separate; 10 combe, 85s.; 5 combs, "558.
Inspection by appointment. Immediate delivery. —
I. E. SWAFFIELD, the largest breeder of bees
and queens on the Cotswolds, Haselton, Glos. g.90

LAZENBEE " ITALIAN QUEENS, fertile lOs.,
by return, virgins 5s.; 9-in. and 6-in.
Frames, 3s. Sd. per dozen.— YOUNG, Hundred
Eims Apiajy, Central Road, Sudbury, Middlesex.

g.lll

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, Italian Hybrids, 1920
Queens, 30s.; box 10s., returnable.— ANTHONY,
34, Knavesmire Crescent, York. g.ll2

HARDY AND PROLIFIC" HYBRIDS, 3-comb
Nuclei, some stores, solid brood, ample
bees, 456. Note.— The reduced list prices for July
are hereby cancelled.— LIEUT. BOWEN, Queen
Breeder, Cheltenham. g.ll3

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 50s.; box charged 10s., returnable;
6-frame Stocks, 70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 90s. Imme-
diate delivery (weather permitting). Italian
fertile Queens, 10s. 6d. English Run Honey and
Sections wanted.— LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary,"
Burgess Hill, Sussex. r.g.ll4

ITALIAN HYBRID NUCLEI, a few left, 96.
frame; very gentle; absolutely healthy; very
strong ; expert's certificate.— REDDIE, Cliff Cot-
tage, Leigh, Essex. g.ll5

VERY strong Nuclei, Italian Hybrids (Sim-
mins'), 4 frames packed bees, brood, stores,
with tested 1920 Queens, guaranteed healthy, 45s.,
carriage paid; box lOs., returnable. g.ll6

ITALIANS.— Choice Virgins, 3s. Immediate.
Stamp.-HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup.

r.gJ23

NUCLEI (good Hybrids), 1920 Queens, 4 frames,
£2 2s.; Stocks, 6 frames, £3 3s.; boxes 7s. 6d.,
returnable.— E. G. WALDOCK, Upwey, The
Mount, Guildford. g.l22

STRONG 8-trame Stocks, brood on all frames,
65s., carriage paid; boxes to be returned. —
MAG SON, Kirkham, Lancashire. g.95

EES.— BROOKS, Carnation Specialist, 9,
Dudley Road, Finchley. r.g.98

B

THREE to six-frame disease-proof, quiet, indus-
trious lots, swarm-raised Queens, 10s. per
frame and returnable box.— BARRETT, Sunnyside,
Cecil Park, Pinner. g.ll8

6-FRAME STOCKS, with 1920 Queens, 60s. each;
travelling box 10s., returnable.- MEGGITT,
Bramhall, Stockport. r.g.49

IMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS, lis. 6d. each;
JL selected Hybrids, 9s.; English, Vs. Safe
delivery guaranteed. Catalogue free.— C. T.
OVERTON & SONS, Crawley. r.g.79

(CHOICE home-reared Italian Queens, 10s. ;
y Vireins, Ae. 6d.; July-September.— MISSES
PALING & PILLANS, Golden Square, Henfield,
Sussex. r.g.82

STRICTLY BUSINESS. - STix packages of
Mavine, 6d.; a Japanned Sprayer, 6s.; "Let
tlie Bees Tell You," 2s. All post paid.— 8. H.
SMITH, 30. Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. g.77

BRITALIANS."— A fine strain of British Bees,
queens mated to selected Penna Italian
drones; 3-frame Nuclei, 47s. 6d.. carriage paid.
Sentl for particulars.- ALUN JONES. Halkyn,
riinfshire. g.a7

QTOP! LOOK HERE!— Having despatched all
O orders I can still spare a number of 3- and
4-frame Nuclei at 45s. and 52s. 6d. respectively,
carriage paid, 7s. 6d. being refunded on box. Also
a limited number of Stocks on 8 frames. Price wii
application. All above are home-reared Italians,
niglily resistant to disease, and splendid honey
gatherers. — HERBERT VALLEY, Apiarist,
i>axilby. Lincoln. r.g.80

STRONG 4-FRAME NUCLEI. Italian Hybrids.
40s., carriage paid; boxes returnable.—
BARNES, 20, Bourdon Road, Anerley. g.83

VIRGIN QUEENS— THE WELSH APIARY
STRAIN.— Hybrid Italian, guaranteed bred
from highly prolific stock, never had " I.W." D. in
apiary, ihe Queens to revitalise your stock, hardy
and virile, 56. each.— LT.-COLONEL WEAVE H
PRICE, Welsh Apiary, Ashgrove, Brecon, S.
Wales. r.&.(J5

4-FRAME NUCLEI, 63e.— PRYOR, Breachwood
Green, Welwyn. g.86

STRONG 3-FRAME NUCLEI, 1920 fertile
Queens, 30s.; box 5s., returnable; Stocks on 8
frames, 60s; boxes 10s., returnable.— W. WOODS,
Normandy, near Guildford. g.53

DOES BREEDING SPECIALISATION PAY—
FOR YOU P— " The queens I have had from
you so far are absolutely ' it." I'm gone on
them. I have recommended several men to have
bees from you."— R. M., 25/6/20. Now does it?—
ATKINSON, Fakenham. r.g.23

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt delivery;
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing stock, August-September.- ATKINSON,
Fakenham. r.g.24

WIGHT" DISEASE, prevention and removal;
advice 5s.— ALFD. EYALL, Kenwood
Apiary, Elcombe. fitroud. r.f J61

PUPILS received by life-long whole-time Bee
Farmer.- Terms on applicAtion to C. B.
BARTLETT, Sandford Mount, Charlbnry, Oxon.
d.ia7

1Q9n FERTILE Golden Italian Queens,
±0^\J guaranteed imported direct from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, 10s. each;
specially selected, 14s.— GOODARE, New Cross,
Wednesfield. f.59

"TSLB OP WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

-l use the solution that cures; 20. per bottle.—

B. PRESSEY. St. Elmo, Couledon. r.d.l49

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
logue from H. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue,
Paisley. r.cJ16

DUTCH BEES, Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthes), Nuclei, Queens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.—Buy direct from Sole Agent, WHYTE, Bee
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire. b.61

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.
E. PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY.

I assume again the direct sale of my queens.
Special offers from July 10 till countermanded.
For queens in lots of 4 at a time £l 8s. Cash
with orders. Payment by cheques or British
Postal Orders. International Money Orders
are not accepted. I do not hold myself
responsible for the queens that are not sent
by me direct to customers. All orders should
be sent direct to me. In May tlic queens
dead in the journey have been less than 1 %
ORDERS BOOKED IN ROTATION.

348

Tfli; BRITISH BEt: JOTJRNAL^ iiily 15, 1920.

HAVE tOtJ READ "THE BBB WOELD"f
If not. why not? Every aumber in itself is
s useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— OfGces : THE APIS CLUB.
Port HiU House, Benson, Ozob.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address :

Signor Gaetano Plana,
Castel San Pietro,
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,

9/- each queen.
Can take no more orders for June & July. Booked up.

, Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B.B.J."
Otfice.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ," and
"B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o Britisii Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.

Cheques payable to ' British ibee Journal."

THE ONIiY CURE ! !

Nothing messy. No spraying.

Clarke s ' I.O.W." CURE

A powder to sprinkle on the floorboard.

What's sirhpler? 3/6 per packet.

Inupdated with testimonials.

G. J. CLARKE, Blythburgh, Halesworth.

HIVi: BOOFS.

Why risk losing your bees througli having leaky
roofs when you can get

ABSOLUTELY WEATHERTIGHT ROOFS?
24 in. X 24 in., 13s. 6d.; 24 in. x 2iO in., 136. 3(1.;
and 20 in. x 20 in., 13s. each; f.o.r. London.
Roofs are galvanised, and also treated by a
special process to prevent condensation. Special
terms for quantities. Order early, and avoid delay
in delivery.

LARMUTH,
MoNAHAN Avenue, Pueley.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

BARGAINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING.

Khaki Serge Riding Breeches, ; ; .

good condition .. .. .. pair l2/6

Bedford Cord Riding Breeches, . i

good condition „ &/6

New Bedford Cord OfScere' Breeches „ 42/-
New Cord Riding Breeches, strapped „ 22/6
Blue Serge Trousers, for Working

Men ,. 12/6

Blue Serge Trousers, as new .. „ 14/-
Blue Serge Trousers, new .... „ 21/-
Khaki Drill Trousers, all sizisis .. „ 7/6
Khaki Drill Jackets, with pockets each 7/6
Army re-soled Boots, all sizes .. pair 12/6

Army Rubber Ground Sheets 72 x 36, brass

eyelets, good condition, 2 for 9/-, 4 for 16/-
Large Canvas Cart Covers about 6ft. square,

with brass eyelets, 7/6 each. These are

useful for making Tents or Camping Outfits.
Black Rubber Combination Suits, all sizes,

complete with Sou'wester, 25/- each; cost

Grovernment 63/-.
New Heavy Black Boots made specially for

outdoor workers, 21/- pair.
Large Australian Wool Blankets, 26/- t)air—

bargains.
New Pull-size Army Gray Wool Blankets, 35/-

Best bargain in Blankets ever offered.

SPKCIAI. OrrER FOR THIS HOT WEATHER:—

Khaki Drill Suits, Officers' quality, complete with pockets, 20/- per suit.
Khaki Drill Suits, another quality, complete with pockets, 14/- per suit.

SACAR'S (Universal) STORES (Dept. 27), ARDWICK, MANCHESTER.

.<^'>^

A Necessity on all Hives all
the Year Round.

SUPER CLEARER.
QUEEN EXCLUDER.
WINTERING BOARD,
&c.

SEND FOR KAT-A-LOG

MEADOWS, Syston, Leicester.

POSITIVE FACTS. June i^th, 1920.

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other inalte I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back of the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in 16 x lo frames.

Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY.
, lllu&lrated Lists free by post.

S. J. BALDWIN* The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent

July 15, 1920. THE BRITISfl BEE JOTTBNAL.

DAD ANT'S
WEED FOUNDATION.

npHIS Foundation is made from
-^ pure Beeswax and guaranteed
free from all disease germs.

Give your bees the BEST, and the
best is DADANT'S.

No acids or other chemicals are
used in the manufacture, and the
makers guarantee that " EVERY
INCH, EVERY POUND, EVERY
TON, is equal to any sample ever
sent out."

We have just received a fresh con-
signnient, and are in a position to
give immediate despatch.

Rear healthy bees on clean, natural
combs.

None genuine without the water-
mark '' DADANT " on every sheet.

Our Catalogue, entitled "Everything for an Apiary,"
is sent post free on Application.

I R. STEELE & BRODIE, |

= Bee Appliance Makers, ^

I WORMIT, FIFE. I

n

it

THE BIIITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 15, 192(3.

£ee'$ Bee Supplies.

^1 In design, material and workman-
-" ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain
the reputation of being your best and
safest investment.

a a a
q Our 1920 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE is yours for the asking. It
contains detailed information on the
most up-to-date hives and appliances
for which the House of Lee is famous.

a a a
fT We regret the necessity of having
" to advise our Customers that owing
to the increased cost of production, all
prices in 1920 price list are subject to
10% increase. The increase will not
apply to orders received before May 10.

•^* Five per cent discount to Members of
THE APIS CLUB.

s
a

§

n
n

S
n

§

JAMES LEE & SON, g

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

LTD.. X{
(Telegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) W

a

RACTERO! '

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of*

" Isle of Wight ' Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES. LTD.,

39, Farringdon Road, London, E.C 1.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176,

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

Sid. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very mitch regret tluU there has been a large increase in the cost of the manufacto e of bw
appliances, and therefore tny prices tuiU be advanced 10% from May iOth. Bookt excepted-

Printed n the Avenue Peebs (L. Upcott Giu. & Son, Ltd.), 66-57, Dechy Lane, London, W.C, and

Published fob the Peopeietoe (W. Hibeod-Hempball), by Siupeis Mabshall, Hauilton.

KBHt A Co., Ltd.. 31 A 33, PAiEBNoaiiB £ow. C

BBnisB Bk JonBNil. and Bee-eekpses' Advibib, July 22, 1920.

i\UG 141^2.

;:rienltiir€
College

No. 1987. Vol. XLVIII

JULY 22, 1920.

IPublished every Thursday, Price 2d.

COmTJEl^tiTS,

PAGE

Troubles op the Publisher 349

A Dorset Tarn J49

Jottings prom Huntingdonshire 550

Royal Show Fund 351

Notes on Bee-keeping 352

Association News—

Monmouthshire B.K.A 353

Twickenham and Thames Valley B.K.A. . . 353

Carmarthenshire B.K.A 353

Glasgow and District B.K.A 354

Correspondence—

The Apie Club 554

The '-' Futtersaf t " Theory 355

Action for Damages Caused by a Bee Sting 355

Swarms 355

Honey Imports 356

Weather Report 356

Notices to Correspondents 356

Bee Shows to Come 356

WRITE FOR

FREE CATALOGUE

WITH

INSTRUCTIONS

FOR BEGINNERS.

AS MY

ARE THE

FOUNDATION OF SUCCESS

SO IS SUCCESS

MADE CERTAIN
BY

MY

E. H. TAYLOR

WELWYN,

HEBTS.

Telephone: 13 WELWYN.

THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL. July 22, 1920.

THE

British Bee JournaE

Office : 2^, Bedford Street, Straad. London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

W -ekly Journal Devoted to
Interests of Bee-keepers.

th«

EdltefT by T. W. COWAIT, F.L.S., &c.,
and J. HEBKOD-HEMFSAIiIi, F.E.S.

OoFraspondeneie : Wbom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc, ehoald be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to AubBcriptiona and advertisements
to be addressed to the *' Manager," B.B.J.

omce.

SabMrlptlons. - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. poflt free in advance; single copied
2J.,or 2id. post free. If a receipt ia required
iy post, a stamped and addressed envel<ype
if.tist be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
v7iU be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-HempsaU by
crossed Cneques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpennjf stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers ia the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM*

You are advised to insist on tbis beintf used when
dealing witb strangers.

Rttles and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it ie requested thai
the Rulee be carefully read over by persona u$ing
the Depoiit System a/ trading.

Goods sliould not be deepatc<hed until notice that
tb« money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of iiie deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is cen-
cluded. If a sale b« effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a cli»rge of tt
per cent, in the £, with a minlmam of 6d., sad
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Oaeh will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
v« return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud,

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and croesed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
W« cannot be reeponsiblS for any loss thai may
occor in transii.

3. Honey on Approval.— All hoaey iriU be sbld
by sample, whica must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In orderinir, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
casih until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as iu Clause 1.

5. Xiees and Oneeus.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. GkK>ds In Transit.— These are at the seller's
dek, t.«., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by tHe vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash In full must be sent with order.

Postage
... Sid.

... 6§d.
... 4d.

2d.

3d.
4d.

3d.

. Id.

5id.
, Id.
. Id.

4^d.
. 2d.

Id.

A Modern Bee Farm ^/O

Advanced Bee Culture

(Hutchinson) ©/-

Beginner'9 Bee Booik (Pellett) 5/*

BtiE-KjiEPnuo sinipi.iFzz:D
FOR The cottager ajvd

SMAIiIiHOIiDER (W. Hbbbod-

HEiMPSALL, F.E.S.) 1/-

BBITISH BEE • XEEPEBS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers 2/6

Cloth) covers 3/6

Dissectible Model of Queen
Bee 4/6

FEBTII.ISATION OF FBUIT
BZ.OSSOSIS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan) -/3

Fifty Years Among the Bees
(Miller) 6/-

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6

Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bangks) -/2

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock) 5/-

nianagement of Out Apiaries 3/-

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hooper, F.R.H.S.) -/6

PBODUCIiTG, PBEPABINO,
EXHZBlTZlfG AlTD JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.)

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-
lett)

Queen Bearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen)

Scientific Queen Bearing
l(DOOlITTLE)

The Bee-keepers' Vade Uecum

(Geary)

Snelgrove's Method of Ite-

Queenlng

The " Townsend " Bee Book ...
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ...
Wilke's Book on Swarming ...

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.

Maeterlinck's Iiif^ of the Bee
The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER EdWARDES)

THE BEE WORI.D (supplied
only to members of Associations
interested in the control and
development of the Apis Cidb,
apart from ordinary members of
the latter), per copy -/8 ... lid.

Britisli Bee Jonmal & Record Offiee,

19, BSt>FO&Il fftUmn, STBAMD, I4OIIDOM, WiOA

2/-

... 3d.

0/6 .

.. Bid.

1/6

.. 2d.

4/. .

.. 3id.

2/6

... 2d.

-/6
2/6

2/- .
1/-

.. Id.
.. 2d.
..2id.
.. Id.

3/6

.. 3d.

2/. .

. 2id.

Jtity 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

849

Troubles of the Publisher.

Publishers of papers in other countries
are up against much the sarne troubles
that we have to contend with here.
Under the heading given above, The
American Bee Journal for July says: —
" Never has the publisher found it imore
difficult to meet the problems of the day
than at present. Every month brings
some rise in price in some commodity that
enters into the making of a magazine."
It goes on to say that owing to these con-
tinually increasing prices — paper is four
times, and engravings cost three times
pre-war prices — many publications have
J, suspended. At the present price the
paper is being published at a loss, but it
is proposed to continue at the same price
for a little longer, when, if prices of raw
materials do not fall, the subscription
will have to be raised.

We can appreciate The American Bee
Journal's difficulties, seeing that we have
similar ones t6 face here, and we trust
their readers and advertisers will prove
as loyal as ours have done. We held on
at old prices until our papers were being
run at an actual loss, and have been most
agreeably surprised, and greatly encour-
aged, at the way our circulation has not
only kept up but increased since prices
were raised. It fell considerably the first
year of the war, but gradually increased,
■ only falling very slightly when the price
was raised. Since then it has gradually
increased, until at the present time the
circulation is as high as it was before
tlie war ; but, on the other hand, our ex-
penses are still increasing, and we have
all our work cut out to make ends meet,
though we hope to continue without
further increase in our charges. The cost
of printing only is over 100 per cent,
higher than in July, 1914. A printing
account that would have been, say, £100
then, now mounts up, with the
various increases, to £220 14s. 2d. In
addition, all other expenses have in-
creased in like propoijtion, with the ex-
ception of cost of paper, which is not con-
tent with a paltry 100 per cent., but is
from three to four times that figure.
We take this opportunity of thanking
our readers one and all for their loyalty
and co-operation, and for the many
letters of appreciation and encourage,
ment we are continually receiving. We
are not only " still going strong," but
going stronger.

A Dorset Yarn,

A week of delightful sunshine. Beea
have been having a fine time at the Violet
Farm ; they seem to have done more in
this fine week than they did in four wet
ones, there is so much for them to collect
just now, as blackberries are in abundance
everywhere. Chestnuts are going brown,
at least the white pollen flowers of the
male blossoms have the appearance of
withering off; their mission in life is
finished, the pollen has been taken to the
female flowers, they may be pollinated by
wind, but bees are with them the whole
time the blossoms last, which proves they
get food from them in quantity. The
fields have another crop of charlock among
the mangel this year, there is a lot in
flower where they have escaped the man
with the hoe, or have grown on again with
so much wet. Bees cannot but store a lot
of surplus now, if weather only keeps fine
for them. They were out in crowds in the
afternoon on Saturday after a damp morn-
ing, up to quite late in the evening.
Several more of the strong stocks show
symptoms of swarming, they were hanging
in dense masses round the side of brood
chamber. Another i>aek of sections and
some shallow bars were added to them, a
piece of wood inserted between the lifts,
which let in the cold, made them move
away from the sides of the case, and get
on with the surplus stores in the legiti-
mate manner ; if they stay round the sides
and it is warm they soon fill it up with
comb and honey. One very strong lot from
a double brood chambered hive, which
swarmed the last day in June, has already
started building outside the brood cham-
ber ; they were put on eight bars with full
sheets of foundation. Two more were
added a day or two after, these are all
finished and the clusters are hanging
round the outside of brood chamber, show-
ing that they must have more room for
stores overhead. Shall give them to-day a
rack of sections with a rack of shallow
bars on the top ; we find that they store
the bars with heather honey when the com-
mon ling is in flower. This is the quickest
time in which I have noticed 10 bars filled,
especially in wet weather. It proves the
teaching of the old writers is right,
" keep your stocks strong for surplus
honey."

Since that strong swarm came out of
the double brood chambered hive two
others have swarmed out, one of them
even larger than the first, the largest
was put on nine bars, the smaller one was
given one of the brood chambers from the
parent hive, with a rack of sections for
them to carry on with surplus. Five un-
finished sections of the parent hive were

350

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 22, 1920.

placed in the centre row, these were full of
honey, but not completely capped; the
next day one could hear the hurrying
movement of bees through the sections.

The large swarm on the nine bars also
had a rack of sections with three full ones
added ; by doing this one has bees up in
the sections at once. This double brood
chambered hive did the best early sections,
the great number of bees could not but
do good work, they are still immensely
strong, and should do a lot of work yet.

This last week two swanns came out on
the same day, one from a black and one a
light-coloured Italian. On turning up
the blacks I was fortunate enough to spot
the young queen, and was able to catch
her and take her away. On going to the
other lot was able to catch the queen as
she came out of the hive. On taking the
Italian queen over to the blacks, they were
just finding that the queen was not with
them, so gave them this light-coloured one;
the results were what I expected, they
balled her at once, many of the blacksi
took flight back to the parent stdck; a
ball of bees as large as a cricket ball kept
rolling round the skep amongst the other
blacks; they kept on getting less till only
the ball was left, these I opened with my
finger, and the light-coloured young queen
was taken back to the hive from whence
she came, the bees had all gone back, and
were in great crowds at the entrance. She
went into the hive in double quick time;
since then have not seen her out. The
deduction I made was that the young
queen was going out on her marriage
flight, the bees were off with her thinking
to swarm and make another colony, but
her rough treatment by the blacks has
not given her a good opinion of the outer
world, she has not since ventured out with
a swarm.

Bees do not do each year as they did
the preceding year, they are never quite
the same. One stock that did exception-
ally well last season has not finished one
lot of sections, another that did not do
anything last year has already filled two
racks of sections, all but the outer ones
were perfect. The raising of their own
queens to carry on is not always a success.

Some queens are very productive. In
taking four bars of brood and the queen
for increase, the latter has now three racks
of sections, the parent has three racks,
neither has swarmed ; if I see them hang-
ing about inside I always lift the outer
case and let the cold in at night. I do
this at the bottom and between the lifts.

This method of increase is better than a
lot of risks ; there is always some risk
from natural swarms going away. One
lot that was in a skep for three hours this
week left it and moved off into a thick

hedge. The same skep was placed on the
top and they all went into it again.
Another lot from which Mr. Tomlinson
took out four bars and the queen when
he was helping me with them, the parent
stock has done nothing yet for surplus,
but the increase has done famous; the
new queen raised in the parent hive has
been a poor breeder, even though the
parent was a good one. This uncertainty
all adds interest, though it does not add
to the banking account, it shows she must
be dethroned and another added to reign
in her stead.

Then the colouring. Some colonies that
were blacks -have gone coloured, drones
are as beautifully marked as the Italians,
showing that they have requeened them-
selves and the young one was mated with
an Italian drone; now the bees are a mix-
ture, some with one band, some with two
bands. Some of the light stocks have thrown
out black drones, they have requeened
themselves, but have mated with a black
drone. All this makes them more interest-
ing. One must keep them a^vay from each
other if they are to be kept true to colour,
— J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

An interesting trial took place at
Steeple Gidding apiary on Friday last
when 700 bees were charged with rolbbery
with violence. The prosecution alleged that
the defendants made a great onslaught
upon their hive, and had forcibly entered
and robbed much honey, after first killing
some 150 sentinels. In answer to the
judge, who asked how it was the presecut-
ing bees were unable to completely with-
stand the robbers, it was explained that
some four weeks back the hive sent out a
swarm, leaving behind six queen cells.
The first princess emerged three days
after the swarm went forth, and being a
very promising virgin was allowed to
destroy the remaining five baby princesses.
The day arrived when she took wing for^.
her mating flight, but mischief having be-
fallen her she did not return. Conse-
quently the colony was queenless. At-
tempts were made to remedy" matters by
building other queen cells, and in the
meantime many bees disheartened by the
loss of their queen, and lingering on the
alighting board, were swallowed by birds
and toads, and the colony in consequence
got too weak to withstand vigorous rob-
bers. It was also declared that several
attempts were made to attract the owner's
attention to the state of affairs, but he
being much occupied for many days, failed
to understand his bees were in distress.
At long last several bees saw him busy in

July 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

351

his garden and succeeded in informing
him that his help was needed, and he at
once came to the rescue, gave them another
queen and a frame full of brood from
another hive, took away the supering
crates, and contracted the entrance to one
bee space. For the defence it was urged
that according to ancient bee law, which
is like the law of the Medes and Persians,
which altereth not, it was considered not
a crime to rob out a colony too weak to
be of any use to itself. The defendants
also stated that the prosecutors were in-
vited to attach themselves to their colony
provided they came loaded with honey,
and assisted in emptying the cells of their
hive and so helped in building up, their
adopted home. On being asked why they did
not wait until such time as other queens
were hatched before deciding on robbing,
they stated that presuming a virgin was
born to-morrow it would he nearly a month
before j'oung bees could be of any assist-
"^nce, and in the meantime it was possible
that wasps would clear out the stock.

The judge, in summing up, said he
thought when there was an abundance of
nectar to be gathered, the prisoners in
the dock ought not to have contemplated
robbing. It might be law, but he would
remind them there was siuch a thing as
being superior to the law ; he would there-
fore pass sentence as follows: — The de-
fendants were to be "Claustered" for two
days, they were to yiela up one frame of
brood, and at least two pounds of honey
to the robbed stock, and be of good be-
haviour for the rest of the season.

The above speaks for itself. It is not nice
to be caught napping, but one does get so
caught at times. Having been very full
up with engagements the last ten days
or so my hives did not receive quite the
same attention as they usually do, and the
weather being cold I did not worry, know-
ing every colony had ample stores. Alas!
that the very stock which was my Al
colony should become queenless. The
mother queen and the swarm she brought
with her are doing well, and doubtless her
daughter would have done equally well
had ^he been permitted to stay. Heavily
supered, I had not looked into the
brood chamber of this hive for some con-
siderable time, otherwise I should soon
have noticed the lack of brood. However,
with a fresh queen I ho|>e they will soon
pull round, but surplus honey will not be
stored by this stock this year beyond an
occasional pound or two.

Those hedgerows covered with bramble
blossom are well visited just now. Bees
are happy sipping nectar from the black-
berry flower ; both pollen and honey are
good.

I wonder is it possible to take a census

of bee-keepers. Would it not be interest-
ing to know which county led, taking size
and population into consideration. One
day last week my churchwarden asked if
I would accompany his wife and himself
to Stratford-on-Avon — he was motoring
there. Being free of engagements for the
day I gladly accepted the invitation. We
went via Oundle, Market Harborough,
Rugby, Leamington, and Warwick, and
returned via Banbury, Brackley, Tow-
cester, Blisworth, Hardingstone, Welling-
borough, and Th\apston, thus passing
through portions of seven counties, a total
distance of 164 miles, and so far as we
could observe, passed only seven apiaries.
One cottage garden had nine skeps stand-
ing wall to wall, and each skep was busy,
others had both skeps and bar frame hives,
a few, bar frame hives only. How motor-
ing has affected the countryside ! The
road from Market Harborough to Rugby
is still as delightful as ever. From Rugby
to Leamington and on to Stratford-on-
Avon quite a different story has to be told.
Stratford-on-Avon to Banbury is still as
charming a road~"as ever — the same cannot
be said of the road through Towcester.
Once a famous old-world road, the jerry-
builder and the motor bus have been busy
de-stroying that truly rural appearance
which is so delightfully restful, speaking
so much of peace.

My concluding remarks must be a
grumble. I wish to state that I cannot
continue to answer letters from brother or
sister bee-keepers unless a stamped ad-
dressed envelope is sent for reply. The
majority of my correspondents have been
good enough to do this ; but not a few
have written asking my advice on various
phases of beecraft without enclosing a
franked envelope. I have generally re-
plied. Now, however, with increased post-
age and increased correspondence I am
bound to state that letters seeking advice
must have at least a stamp for reply or
they will remain unanswered. — E. F.
Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

P.S. — At the time of writing a letter
comes to hand — " my bees are not working
in the supers, what am I to do? " Reply:
— The cold spell we have just had will
have kept the bees in the brood chamber
and consuming stores. These stores will
be replaced before much supering goes on ;
therefore take courage, the section rack,
if the bees are strong and healthy, will
soon be getting heavier, daily. — E. F. H.

Royal Show Fund.

Amount received
Mr. Rowlands

Total ...

£21 3 .5
2 6

£21 5 H

352

THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL. July 22, 1920.

Notes on Bee Keeping.

Ee Eev. Hemming on tanging. He
seems to reveal to us a new suggestion ! —
that bees drink in the sweet sound of
music, and by its effect are stayed for
the time being, thus ignoring the advice
given out by the returning scouts who
were sent out to find a suitable home.
No doubt this is another of his points in
favour of the sersitiveness of the honey-
bee. Perhaps he will suggest to us in
another issue how this (chiming) is
accomplished, one is ever pleased to read
and learn any suggestions put forward
by such an able writer as Rev. Hemming.
I admire his writings for wit and humour.
But he is not as far advanced in revela-
tions as my spiritualist neighbour in^
the next parish — the Rev. Vale Owen,
Orford, Lanes. His church bell is
chiming for evensong as I write these few
lines. This rev. gentleman tells us what
scientists have been trying to solve for
6,000 years, " Life beyond the Veil,"
of birds, of trees, flowers, animals, etc.,
but have never seen in any of his writings
that this fair land is the home of the
honey-bee. . I am afraid, for the time
being, I shall have to be content with the
Apostle Paul's sliare of the vision " That
now we see as through a glass darkly,"
and confine my remarks to bee-life on
mother earth as I know it.

A prospective bee-keeper writes me
that he has a d,esire for bee-keeping,
but knows nothin"- whatever of the craft.
Before making a commencement in bee-
keeping a prospective bee-keeper should
thoroughly study the art by reading up
some good bee-book (it is not wise to
read more than one, as reading a number
often mystifies), in order to master which
the assistance of a friend— an ad«pfc in the
business — should be requisitioned. One
might almost wish that the skill required
might be given to others by writings, but
we know it cannot be; but niijch time,
trouble, and expense may be saved by
watching and listening to the teachings
of others, or by reading their writings.
"Example is better than precept," but
where both precept and exarnple can be
obtained, by following both success must
bo assured, and it is this that makes me
call attention to the good that\ may be
gained by taking a course of instruction
from some apiarist of note. Bv watch-
ing his movements, that delicacy of
handling, in which so many are dofipient,
may easily bo obtained, and bee-keeping
becomes a pleasure rather than a fear,
especially is this so if one can just get
in company with a bee-keeper who
does not mind giving information for
the benefit of others. Tf the pre-
liminaries have been sufficiently mastered.

a hive should be purchased; note, not
two or three, but only one. In the
matter of hives, . do not on any account
purchase one that has not the British
standard size frames, because in my
opinion the standard size frames
are the best up here in the North. The
whole success of the modern movable comb
hive rests upon its interchangeability ;
therefore, if we have two sizes in an
apiary we might almost as well have all
straw skeps, as their interchange-
ability, on account of the different sized
frames, nullifies the advantages of the
modern system. Do not purchase any
hives that the bees have died out in, and
I wish to emphasise this, as it is quite
possible that they have died out from
disease, and it is sure to be a contagious
one, unless you know positively that they
have been starved, or died out from loss
of queen.

With this one hive go through all
details of its management without the
bees, until you have gained a knowledge
of all its parts and uses. Then further
purchases may be made : a stock or
swarm of bees, a smoker and bee-veil. If
yon purchase bees from a distance, lis^ve
them from some responsible and
thoroughly reliable person, as perhaps
only diseased bees may be sent. In that
case all your prospects of bee-keeping will
be destroyed, as well as nearly all the
money you have spent in necessaries
being wasted. For run honey Italian and
Dutch are in preference, but for section
none can beat our native bees, as their
cappings are nice and white and not too
thick, making them easily saleable in the
market. There are many varieties of the
honey-bee now introduced in this country,
but I venture to suggest that all are
liable to disease should they meet with
contagion. Choose a good location for
the hives to stand in, a south-east aspect
is the host, especially if you can proyjde
shade for t^iem during the hot part of the
day : this is very important unless hiyes
are made with double walls all ronnd and
painted a light colour to counteract the
heat. The danger from any hive being
exposed to the sun is that the combs are
liable to break down from its heat in con-
junction with the heat from the bees,
which is a very serious accident — the
queen is apt to be drowned in the honey,
along with a considerable number of her
progeny. If ope desires honey, the best
time to commence bco-kooping is at the
beginning of April with a strong stock;
but if a swarm is purchased, you will have
to wait until Mayor June. If so, you are
very unlikely to get much surplus honey
the same season. The English honey
season is so short, they will only have time

July 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

353

to get suflBcient for their own use for
winter. Of course this does not apply to
heather districts. Sometimes a May
swarm will give a good return if well
fed.

A four-frame nuclei can be purchased
in July, and if stimulated will prove a
good stock for the following year. The
old legend " a swarm of bees in July,
etc." does not apply now under modern
methods. Bees have been known to be
hived on drawn out combs in August, and
turned out a good stock the following
spring. A person suited to bee-keeping
is one who will neglect no opportunity of
attending at the proper time to the wants
of his charges, procrastination must form
no part of his character, that is if he
desires to make it a financial success. —
P. Lythgoe, Padgate, Warrington, Lanes.

Monmouthshire Bee-Keepers*
Association.

A committee meeting was held on
Saturday at the County Hall, Newport,
Dr. Strong presiding. The financial re-
port was presented by the hon. treasurer.
It was reported that a number of swarms
had been dispatched from the re-stocking
apiary at Marshfield, also that the dis-
tribution of the pure Italian nuclei from
Rogiet had been commenced. The dis-
tribution had been delayed owing to the
late arrival of the Government Italian
queens, and the abnormally wet weather
prevailing last month. This delay,
although unavoidable, is regretted by the
Committee. It was decided to support
the Beekeepers' Convention at Gloucester,
which is being held during the last week
in July, and which is open to members of
the Gloucestershire, Monmouthshire,
Herefordshire, Somerset and "Worcester-
shire Bee-keepers' Associations. A letter
was read from Mr. T. G. James, Director
of Education, with- reference to the finan-
cial grant applied for some time ago, and
the hbn. treasurer and hon. secretary
were authorised to reply. The matter of
the bees from Ireland in 1919 season was
again brought up, and it was reported
that certain correspondence relating to
the imatter liad been handed to a member
of the County Council in order that the
latter body should understand that the
Association had no liability. It was de-
cided to support the Agricultural Show
at Monmouth on August 6. The Com-
mittee are very gratefiil to Dr. Strong
and Mr. E. M. Hughes for having placed
gardens at their disposal for demonstra-
tions last month, and to Mr. T. ,G. James
for his kindness in making arrangements
for their meeting room. — L. Morgan
(Mrs.).

Twickenham and Thames Valley
Bee-Keepers' Association.

Threatening clouds did not deter the
members of the Association from muster-
ing in strength on the afternoon of
Saturday, July 10, on the ground on
which it has established its apiary. The
President, Sir W. Joynson-Hicks, Bart.,
M.P., wrote regretting his inability to be
present, but a number of visitors
accepted the invitation to attend, among
whom were the Secretary and the Trea-
surer of the newly-formed Kingston and
District Association. Tea was served by
some of the ladies, and an al fresco meet-
ing followed. The Rev. R. Dixon Box pre-
sided, and at his invitation Mrs. C. D.
Burnet, wife of one of the Vice-Presi-
dents, declared the apiary open. Mr. W.
Herrod-Hempsall was to have given a
demonstration, but the strong wind pre-
vented the opening of the hives, and only
an informal talk was possible. He ex-
posed himself to a running fire of ques-
tions of all kinds, and answered them
with his usual readiness and good humour.
A hearty vote of thanks was passed to
him and to all who -"had contributed to
the success of the gathering. — (Com-
municated.)

Carmarthenshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

T ANKTJAL MEETING.

The annual meeting was held at
Llanelly on Saturday, July 3, when there
was a fair attendance of membei's. A
letter expressing regret at inability to
attend was received from Lady Dynevor,
President of the Association.

The report presented showed that the
Association had had a successful year.
This was in part due to the grant of £75
received from the County Council for
educational purposes, and which enabled
the Association to purchase apparatus for
lantern lectures and to defray the neces-
sary expense of these. It is hoped that
much use will be made of the lantern
during the coming winter, when the ex-
perts of the Association, working under
the direction of the committee, will lec-
tiire in various parts of the county.
During the year a number of apiaries
have been visited and much valuable ad-
vice given, for both foul brood and
" I.O.W. " disease are still with us.

Last year there was no re-stocking
scheme in the county, but this season a
bee re-stocking committee has been ap-
pointed, which has drawn up a scheme
and has made a start by acqufring two
skeps of Dutch bees. It is hoped that
these will provide several nuclei each this
season, and that the experience gained

354

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 22, 1920.

will enable more stocks to be worked in
the future and also that queen rearing
may be carried out. This will enable bee-
keepers to maintain a good strain of bees
throughout the county.

Several members passed the B.B.K.A.
intermediate and preliminary examina-
tions during the year.

Great regret was expressed at the re-
signation of Mr. A. Preston, who, as
secretary, had done so much to develop
the Association. Mr. W. Comery, B.Sc,
was elected secretary in his place. — (Com-
municated.)

Glasgow and District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Visit to Erskine Apiary.

On Saturday, June 26, in glorious
weather, a most interesting visit was paid
to the apiary in connection with the Prin-
cess Louise Hospital for Limbless Sailors
and Soldiers.

Between 50 and 60 members took advan-
tage of the courtesy of Mr. Alec. Steven,
President of the Association, and spent
an instructive afternoon there.

The apiary is part of the training
scheme carried on by the Hospital Com-
mittee on behalf of limbless men.

Here the men are taught bee-keeping, a
carefully graded and extensive scheme of
instruction is systematically pursued.

As soon as a man shows himself suffi-
ciently advanced he is given a stock of
bees to attend to under guidance.

Since the inception of the hospital in
1916 Mr. Steven, the hon. bee master, has
carried out this work and with much suc-
cess, nearly 400 men have received instruc-
tion, some more, some less, but the great
majority sufficient to enable them to make
a start. Letters received from some of
these men testify to the benefit they have
received.

Last year the Ministry of Labour re-
cognised this excellent work by payment
of a grant.

The visitors were shown over the apiary,
many hives were opened for inspection,
and all found to be in a very healthy,
thriving condition. As the place is pri-
marily intended for purposes of instruc-
tion, there were seen different races of
bees, British, Italian, Dutch, Egyptian.
Some slocks were in straw skeps, others
literally in*soap boxes, others, again, of
course, in modern hives.

A visit was also paid to a substantial
little brick built bee house, where almost
everything in the way of appliances were
to be seen. Here the honey is extracted
and the indoor work performed.

During the winter regular series of lec-
tures, fully illustrated, are given, a dis-
tinguishing feature of the latter is the

display of natural colour photography pic-
tures.

During the afternoon Mr. Steven gave
a ten minutes' address, the subject being
" The three factors essential to successful
bee-keeping."

1st. The necessity of having a great
force of bees per stock.

2nd. This force should synchronise with
the period of the honey flow.

3r<i. The proper weather to secure the
harvest.

The first two factors can be controlled
by the intelligent apiarist, the third fac-
tor is, of course, beyond control, but much
could be learned by a study of the pre-
vailing outside temperatures, maximum
and minimum.

The Hon. Secretary drew attention to
the visits arranged for on July 10 and
Avigust 7, a good response being made to
his appeal for subscriptions in aid of the
show of honey, etc., in connection with
the Glasgow and West of Scotland Horti-
cultural Society on September 1 and 2.

At the conclusion a vote of thanks was
accorded Mr. Steven for his kindness. —
P. Bebbington, Hon. Secretary.

fv'^^^^^Sl^ssssii^K^i^^ifiitP^

nmMmmmj^M

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and aJMresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

The Apis Club.

[10227] Your continued support to
the aims of the Apis Cluh have my
keenest appreciation.

Since you have already published the
official report relative to the May Con-
ference, I need only add that the neces-
sary reorganisation for carrying The Bee
World on business lines is steadily pro-
gressing, and although it has necessitated
a delay in the issue of the magazine,
there is no reason why all arrears should
not be cleared directly a sound founda-
tion is established. In the course of a
few weeks a full announcement will reach
your publicity section, meanwhile I should
like to avail myself of your courtesy and
goodwill in thanking the hundreds of
friends whose messages I am unable to
promptly and individually acknowledge,
trusting I may depend on their considera-
tion for this forced dereliction of duty. —
A. J. Abushady.

July 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

355

The **Futtersaft" Theory.

[10228] In Mr, Desmond's excellent
translation of Gerstung's chyle-food
theory, I notice one small (but rather
important) slip. It occurs on p. 243, 22
lines from bottom of second column,
The Bkitish Bee Journal, May 20.

He there writes : " Elder sisters get the
excess" — whereas what Gerstung says is:
" Aelteren Geschwistarn ist Eiweiss
' Brechmittel '." That is: ''To elder
sisters albumen is an ' emetic ' " ["and
they therefore cannot eat it.] The point
is of some interest, as therein consists the
vital difference between Gerstung's theory
and my own modification of it. (See
Bee World, December, 1919.) He leaves
the mechanism of the swarming-impulse
totally unexplained, as far as it affects the
foraging bees. (My edition of Gerstung is
the 1919 one; but it is scarcely likely he
has modified his views on so important a
point during the last few years.)

Thinking that you and Mr. Desmond
may be glad to have your attention called
to this, I send it. — Annie D. Betts.

Action for Damages Caused by
a Bee Sting.

[10229] I send you this little, but
important cutting, as I think every bee-
keeper should know about such a decision
— and the country crying out for more
bee-keepers! — J. Rae, Dumbarton.

Paisley, Saturday.

An action of interest to bee-keepers in
residential districts was heard at Paisley
Sheriff Court to-day when Edward Cook,
manufacturer, 22, Whitehaugh Drive, sued
Robert Walker, draper, 24, Whitehaugh,
for £10, which pursuer stated washis per-
sonal loss as the result of a sting by one
of defender's bees.

Mr. Cook stated that he had been stung
by one of defender's bees when in his gar-
den, and he told Mr. Walker about the
matter. Defender replied that he must
have been touching the bees. Witness
then told defender to take his bees away
from the place. Mr. Walker said he
would not, and witness replied that the
matter would end in Court.

It was not a wasp or a bumble bee that
stung him, but one of defender's. No one
else kept bees in the district. As well as
the sting on the forehead, he had been
stung on the eyelid, and his eye closed at
night.

Cross-examined : Do you know that a bee
will not sting unless fought with?

Pursuer : My experience of bees is quite
the reverse.

Mr. Dykes Brown : Would you know a
wild bee ?

Pursuer : No.

Mr. Brown ; Then it might have been
a wild bee that stung you.

Mr. Wm. Kelso, sanitary inspector oi
the burgh, said he had received complaints
aboiit defender's bees. He thought the
locality was not suitable for the purpose.

Dr. Tallet said he was satisfied that the
stings received by Mr. Cook were bee
stings. A bee left its sting, but a wasp
did not.

For the defence, Mr. Walker said that
Mr. Cook kept a rubbish heap in his gar-
den, and that was a place for wasps and
wild bees. Another bee-keeper said the
defender's garden was a suitable place for
keeping bees. He said it was quite pos-
sible that it was one of his bees, and not
Mr. Walker's, that stung Mr. Cook, for
when a bee left its hive it took to full
flight.

Sheriff Blair said he was satisfied that
this garden was not a proper place to
keep bees, but on the understanding that
defender would dispose of the bees at the
end of the present season, he said it was
unnecessary to assess damages, but found
'defender liable to pay expenses.

[Our correspondent does not say from
what paper the cutting is taken. It is
dated June 20, 1920.— Eds.]

Swarms.

[10230] Has anyone heard of so many
swarms as there are about this year? I
have heard of thirty within two miles of
my house, and my wife and I have taken
and dealt with fourteen — most of them
of about 3 lbs. each — in three weeks; yet
I only know of eleven stocks so near to
me where they could have come from.

On June 3 my wife (aged 61) took a
swarm off a short post which carries the
signal wire on the railway, about 18 in.
from the ground. Just as she had got
most of the bees in the sken a fast pas-
senger train came along, which took her
hat and veil off and blew the skep over,
so she had to start afresh. Having got
them all in again and looking round just
to make sure there were no more about,
she found another swarm on the next
post about 10 yards away. Having but
one skep, she drove them both into the
one, and so made up a lot of about 7 lbs.
When she got home one of my hives had
swarmed, and settled on a standard rose
tree — about 5 lbs. of them — so she took
three swarms in about two hours.

A friend of mine told me he found a
swarm a few years ago on the top of a
thistle — a tall one known about here as
a " Boar thistle." Having nothing to
put them in, he knew not what to do,
so after thinking for a short time, he
took off his shirt, tied up the neck, and
slipped it over the bees, thistle and all.

356

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 22, 1080.

tied a string round the bottom, then cut
the thistle down and took the lot home.
When there he set an old cheese box near
the neck of the shirt, untied the string,
and they aU walked into the box. They
gave 25 lbs. of honey, but, alas 1 the
" Brimstone Pit" ended the liees.

I have never known so many queens to
get lost as this year. I have had two
swarms without a queen, and to-day I
have hived a swarm I took yesterday late
in the evening off a pear iree, but again
I failed to find a queen. They came out
of one of my own hives on June 11, but
returned again. They had eleven brood
bars in the hive, and two racks of shal-
low bars on nearly finished. I cut out
all queen cells, but they came out again
on June 12. There were about 7 lbs. of
them. A friend tells me he had a swarm
come out three weeks ago, but he failed
to find the queen. Three days after he
found her with about twenty bees some
yards away, dead. One of my hives
swarmed about the same time, and I
found the queen and about twenty bees
on the garden about ten yards away.
Can you say why so many queens should
drop?

[We cannot give any explanation
beyond that for some reason the queens
were unable to fly far. — Eds.]

Like Mr. Oldham (10195, June 10) I
find that when some of the bees we now
have make up their minds to swarm they
will do so. I have had a case this year
where one lot swarmed, although they
had ten brood frames, four of which they
had Bot begun to draw out, and two
racks of shallow bars on, so they had
plenty of room, yet out they came. I
find it best to mix two or three of the
small lots together, and let the queens
fight it out. — C. Reed.

Honey Imports. '<=•!'"

Tlie registered value of honey imported
into the United Kingdom during the
month of March was dGl8,963, April
£7,854, May £15,183, and .June £30,493.
— From a return furnished by the Statis-
tical Office, H.M. Customs.

Weather Report.

Westbourne, .June, 1920.

Rainfall, 2 19 in.

Heaviest fall, "89 in.
on 20th.

Kain fell on 10 days.

Above average, -Oyin.

Maximum tempera-
ture, 78 on 2nd.

Minimum tempera-
ture, 38 on 5ih.

Minimum on grfisB, 33
on 5th.

Frosty nights, 0.
Mean maximum, 66 '4.
Mean minimum, 50'8.
Mean temperature, 58 6
Above arerage, 1 "7
Maximum barometer,

30-383 on 1st.
Minimum barometer.

20-755 on 11th.

L. B. BiRKKTT.

"Drone" (Torks).— Yownsf queen not laying.—
The cause of the queen not mating is the
unfavourable weather. If she is not mated and
laying by now it will be advisable to remove
her and give another queen, preferably a mated
one. Pour weeks is a long time, and often
young unmated queens will commence laying
and become drone breeders before that. See
" Seasonable Hints " last week.

iMiRS. Beville (Boxied).— Painting hives.— (1) The
hives may be painted now without harming the
bees, if it is done in the evening. If the paint
is property mixed it will be dry by morning.
The smell will not affect the bees. (2) Use paint.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of is. 6d. is made for notices
(not exceeding 7 lines) in this column, 10 lines
charged 5s. 6d., up to 15 lines Bs., which covers
cost of insertion from order till date of shou>. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

July 20 to 23, at Aberdeen.— Highland and
Agricultural Society. Classes for Bee Appliances
and Honey. Premiums £53 10s. Half of Prize
Money and Silver and Bronze Medals contributed
by the Scottish Bee-keepers' Association.— Entry
forms from John Stlrton, Becretary, 3. George IV.
Bridge, Edinburgh.

July 24 (postponed from 17tli), at Guild-
ford.—&uildford and District Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation. Members and Open Classes. — Schedules and
prize list from Rev. E. C. Pitt-Johnson (Hon. Sec),
Heatherwood, Pirbright, Surrey. Entries closed.

July 28, at Over Wallop, Hants.— Wallop

Horticultural Society. Open Class, single 1-lb.
bottle Light Honey; prizes, 7s. 6d., 5s., as. 6d.—
Hon. Secretary, P. E. Roberts, School House,
Nether Wallop, Hants. Entries close July 24.

July 28, at Blandford.— The Blandford and
District Horticultural Society are holding a Show
of Fruit, Vegetables, Flowers, and Honey in the
Park, adjoining the Crown Meadow, Blandford.
Prizes for honey by the Dorset B.K.A. for mem-
bers of the Association. — Schedules from C. G.
Bone (Dorset Bee-keepers' Association), County
Education Office, High West Street, Dorchester.

July 29 to August 2, at Bolton.— Royal

Lancashire Agricultural Society's Show. £30 prizes
for Honey. Six Classes.— Schedules (stating
Honey Section) from R. O. Bradbury, Secretary,
Derby House, Preston. Entries closed.

August 2, at Bredon.— Annual Show of the
Worcestershire B.K.A. Three open class**. Sche-
dules from Geo. Richings, 42, Barbourne Road,
Worcester. Entries close July 26.

Monday and Tuesday, August 2 and 3, at
Newport.— Monmouthshire Bee-keepere' Aasocia-
tion Annual Show (in connection with the New-
port Allotment Holders' Association). Members
and Open Classes.- Schedules (post free 3d.) from
Hon. Sec, " Underwood," Portakewett, near
Chepstow, Monmouthshire. Entries close
July 26.

August 3, 4 and 5, at Abington Park,
Northampton.— Northants Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Show, in connection with the Municipal
Horticultural Society's Show. Open Classes for
single 1-lb. jar and section.— Schedules from Mr.
H. F. Swann, 41, St. Michael's Mount, Northamp-
ton. Entries close July 30.

August 4, at Shedfleld, Blants, In conjunc-
tion with the Shedfield Horticultnral Society's
Show, Hants and Isle of Wight Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciations, Swanmore and Bitterne Branches.

July 22, 1920. THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

357

Classes for Comb and Extracted Honey.— Schedules
from the Hon. Sec, A. F. Hardy, Esq., Tihe
Palace House, Bishop's "Waltham, Hants.

August 7, at Barnstaple. — Barnetaple and
District HoTticuItnral Exhibition, to be held in
the Market Hall. Five Open Classes for Honey.—
Schedules from Hon. Secretary, 19, Grosvenor
Street, Barnstaple.

August 10, at The Park, Cartmel.— Cartmel
Agricultural Society's 43rd Annual Show. Open
Classes for Comb and Extracted Honey.— Sche-
dules, etc., from W. Dickinson, Secretary, Cark-
in-Cartmel. Entries dose July 28.

August 11, at Wye.— Kent Honey Show.
Thirty classes, ihalf of which are open to U.K.
Four Silver Cups and T5 other prizes. Schedules,
Mr. A. Lepper, Wye. Entries close August 1.

August 14 and 16, at Cannock, Staffs.—

Eight open classes for honey, etc. Prizes Tslne
£12. Schedules from J. Bird, Secretary, "Glen-
may," Allport Road, Cannock.

August 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal prizes.
—Schedules from Mr. F. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

August 14, at lilanelly.— Carmarthenshire
B.K.A. Show, in connection with the Llanelly and
District Horticultural Society's Show. Liberal
prizes (nearly £16) offered for Honey, Wax,
and Appliances. 15 Classes (7 Open).— Schedules
from R. Lloyd Roberts, London Joint, City and
Midland, Llanelly. Entries close August 6.

August 18 and 19, at Coventry.— Warwick-
shire Bee-keepers' Association, in connection with
the County Agricultural Show. Lectures on both
days.— Schedules from Mr. J. R. Ingerthorpe,
Knowle, Warwicks.

August 18 and 19, at Derby.— Derbyshire
B-K.A. Honey Show to be held on the grounds
of the Derbyshire Agricultural Society. Two Open
Classes. Three Cups in Members' Classes.— Secre-
tary, F. Meakin, 37, Pybus Street, Derby.
Entries close August 4.

August 25, at Chester.- Cheshire Bee-
keepers' Association, in connection with Cheshire
Agricultural Society. Several Open Classes. Good
prizes.- Schedules from Thos. A. Beckett, St.
Werburgh Chambers, Chester.

August 25, at Prestbury, Cheltenham.—

Flower, Fruit and Honey Show. Open Cla«s for
single 1-lb. jar of honey. Several classes open to bee-
keepers living within a radius of 12 miles.— Sche-
dules from A. H. Bowen, Coronation Road,
Cheltenham. Entries close August 18.

August 28, at Hounslow.- Hounslow and
District Allotment Holders' Association Second
Annual Exhibition of Vegetables and Fruit. Honey
exhibits under the control of the Twickenham and
Thames Valley B.K.A. Open Classes for single
bottle and section.— Schedules from Miss Ml Byatt,
" Hawthorn," Hanworth, Middlesex.

Saturday, August 28, at Hinckley.-
Leicestershire and Rutland Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion, in connection with Hinckley Flower Show.—
Open Claeses for Honey, Sections and Jars. Prizes,
12s. 6d., 7s. 6d., and 4e. 6d. in each class. Judge,
J. Herrod-Hempsall, F.E. 8.— Schedules from A.
Kimbrell, Esq., Clarendon Road, Hinckley.
Entries close August 23.

Saturday, September 11. — Fforest-Fach
Horticultural Society, Swansea. Three Open
Classes for Honey, extracted and sections. Help
to foster bee cult this end. 1st prizes, 10s.; 2nd
and 3rd in proportion.- Schedules ready from
G. L. Williams, Fforest-Fach, Swansea.

September 22.— Altrincham Show. Several
Open Classes for Honey and Appliances.— Sche-
dules from H. Turner, 1, Market Street, Altrin-
cham.

17ovember 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen open classes In Honey
Section. Schedules from <J«o. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. Entries olo8« Novem-
ber 6.

Special Prepaid AdvertisemeBts.

One Penny per Word.

Will advertiaere plecue read these Rules care-
fully in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade advertisement$ of Bees, Honey, Queeni,
and Bee goodt are not p€rmi$tible at above rate,
but will be inserted at Ifd. per uwrd a$ "BubI-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advsrtiatments. Advertitementt of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of Zs. per iin., or 6«. per inch.

PBIVATB ADTBRTISEMENTS are only in.
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Kuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a bow number is used.

Advertisements must reach ua NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
Hisertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee JovrvMl " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of

charge.

_<
PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

ON SALE, two very strong Stocks of healthy
Hybrids on 10 frames, working in supers,
young Queens, nearly new W.B.C. and Holborn
Hives on legs, sold just as they are advertised,
£5 5s. They are in grand strength for the heather.
-^STOKES, Aller, Langport, Somerset. " g.l25

ITALIAN HYBRIDS.— Strong Stocks on 10
frames, 1920 Queens, £4; ditto, with Hive,
£5 5s.— B.EA, 'Horncliffe, Warlingham, Surrey.

g.l26

EIGHT STOCKS of Bees and Hives, 10 W.B.C.
pattern Hives, 120 Shallow Bars and Boxes.
What offers? Can be seen at any time.— S. WIL-
LIAMS, Danygraig House, Ghysmaerdy Road,
Briton Ferry. g.l27

SELL, four strong Stocks Italians on 10 frames,
1920 Queens, healthy, £3 Ite.; also several
Taylor's No. 10 W.B.C. Hives, £1 10s.— PARKER,
Trevaldwyn, Llandrindod Wells. g.l28

BEES, immune strain, six colonies each on eight
well-filled W.B.C. frames, £3 per stock.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Cash with order. Imme-
diate delivery.— WARD, Stoughton, EmswortJi.

T.g.l29

FOUR strong Stocks of Hybrid Italians for Sale
in serviceable hives, 10 frames, ready to super
immediately; purchaser must remove; £4 10s.
each.— BLENKARN, The Lodge, Burford, Dork-
ing. g.l30

SURPLUS STOCKS healthy Bees, £4; June
Swarms on frames, 50s.— JEWITT, " Hensall,"
Whitley Bridge, Yorks. r.g.131

FOR SALE, a small Apiary of 15 well-made and
painted W.B.C. Hives to take 14 standard
frames with bees on 10 combs, £6 each, hive with
bees. Stamp for particulars.- DOBSON, Hunton
Bridge, Herts. g.l32

SMALL APIARY, nine strong Stocks, five single
and three double Hives, Geared Extractor,
Ripener, Supers, etc., £57 10s. Purchaser to
remove.- PULSFORD, Paignton, Devon. g.l33

WANTED, ten lots Driven Bees, guaranteed
healthy, 10 Nuclei, also 20 young fertile
queens.— LOUDON, Strathaven. g.l72

FOR SALE, two "Rotax Roadlight 267" self-
contained Acetylene Motor Headlights, very
powerful, £6 the pair; one Exhaust Whistle, 10s.;
one Wood-Milne Motor Foot Pump, 40s.— W.
HERROD-HEMPSALL, Old Bedford Road, Luton,
Beds.

358

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

July 22, 1920.

SURPLUS BEES.--Fifteen 8-frame Stocks Italian
Hybrids, Penna and Piana strains, free from
disease, £3 5s., carriage paid; cash or deposit; 10s.
extra for box, returnable. A few 1920 Queens,
'Hybrids, 8s. 6d.; correctly mated Italians, 12s.—
DR. BERNARD, "Glenizla," Upper Deal, Kent.

g.l34

WILL exchange collection of Foreign Stamps in
Album and book " All About Stamps,"
worth £4, for Bees or Appliances.— HOPPER, Kid-
lington, Oxon. g.l35

CAN SPARE a few *-frame Stocks, headed by
Italian Queens, very prolific, £3 10s., carriage
paid. A customer Bays : " Bees are doing very
well. Send three more stocks."— URIAH WOOD,
Arnold, Notts. g.l36

ITALIAN HYBRIDS on 5 frames, 1920 Queen,
carriage paid, £2 7e. 6d.— STJBATTON, Barn
Lane, Kings Heath, Birmingham. g.l3T

SEVERAL strong Stocks of Bees and a variety
of Appliances for Sale. Stamp reply. —
GEORGE, Oak Drive, Oswestry. g.l39

LADY would like to hear of suitable Rooms for
August and September for herself and school-
boy, where she can learn about bee-keeping, in
Scotland.— Box 96, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, ■W.C.2. g.l40

SALE, single-walled Hives, 5s. 6d. upwards;
approval.— HUNT, Bank Street, Somercotes,
Alfreton. r.f.67

FEW STOCKS of Italians on 10 frames, ready
for supering, £4; boxes 12s., returnable. —
HENSLEY, Luton Apiary, Queen's Road, Chat-
ham. g.l41

FEW spare Virgin and Fertile prolific Hybrid
Queens, ex County Re-stocking Apiary, 3s. 6d.
and 76. 6d., post free.— LITMAN, Castle Cary,
Somerset. g.l42

PATHE CINEMATOGRAPH OUTFIT, complete
with mechanism, lenses, stand, lamp house,
arc, spool boxes, etc., in perfect order; sell £40^
or exchange for 10 good Stocks Bees.— AVERY,
Deverill, Warminster. g.l45

FINEST Golden Clover Honey, sample 6d.; also
Hives, Swarms.— NORTH, Cressing, Brain-
tree, Essex. g.l44

FOB SALE, 12 Shallow Frames, 11 drawn out,
one sealed 6 to 7 lbs. honey; just as new; any
reasonable offer taken.— WADE, 82, Mount Street,
Rotherham. g.l49

TTALIAN HYBRID NUCLEUS', 6 frames, 503.;
X two Dutch 1920 fertile Queens, 6s. each.—
LILLE Y, Lamarsh, Bures, Suffolk. g.l46'

THE famous " Jay Smith " Italian Queens.-
One 1919 breeder, imported direct from Vin-
cennes, U.S.A., fine colour, highly disease resistant
and prolific, 25s.— DEIGHTON, High Coniscliffe,
Darlington. g.l48

STOCK healthy Bees, Black Italian Hybrids,
1920 Queen, 10 frames, £4.— PARKER,
Ravenscar, Lyndhuxst Avenue, Mill Hill, N.W.
g.l47

SURPLUS.-Three Stocks of healthy Bees on 8
combs, £4 each, carriage extra.— L. DAVEY,
Mawneys, Romford. g.l53

STOCKS or Swarms on frames for Sale cheap;
never had disease.— VICAR, Worsbro' Bridge,
Barn.sley. g.l50

COWAN GEARED EXTRACTOR, perfect con-
condition, 50s., f.o.r.— Apply, Box 96, B.B.J.
Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand. London. g.l51

1?0R SALE, new light Lincolnshire Honey, finest
quality, £8 8s. per cwt.— WILLIS, New
Leake, Boston. g.l57

STRONG STOCK on » frames, £2 15s.; ditto 6
frames, £2 2s.; two Nuclei, 4 frames. £1 15s.
each; boxes returnable. J gross J-lb. Honey
Bottles, ditto 1 lbs., without caps, £1 10s. Bees
carriage paid.— MATTHEWS, 25, Cray Road,
Crockenhill, Swanley, Kent. g.lS2

SECOND SWARMS, 1920 Queens, Italian
Hybrids, ready for despatch.— Particulars
apply W. P. SIMHTH, Hook Farm, Aldingbourne,
Chichester. g.l54

SACRIFICE— BEES.— Twenty strong Stocks, 10
frames, £3 per stock; crate 10s., returnable.
Room wanted.-GITTINGS, Bleak House, BleaK
Hill, Plumstead Common. g.l56

THE CARMARTHENSHIRE BEE-KEEPERS'
ASSOCIATION invite applications from bee-
keepers in the county for Lectures and. Demon-
strations in Bee-keeping.— Apply to W. COMERY,
Hon. Sec, 16, New Road, Ammanford. r.g.l56

FOR SALE, one 5-frame Nucleus, Dutch Hybrid,
1920 Queen, £2; also three fertile Hybrid 1920
Queens, 5s. each.— ASHWORTH, Redfern, Limps-
field, Surrey. g.l60

SEVERAL STOCKS ITALIAN HYBRIDS, war-
ranted healthy, on 6 frames, 1920 Queens, £3;
travelling box 10s., returnable.— SAUNDERS, Nur-
series, Downend. g.94

BEESWAX, pure, for Sale, 3 cwt. packed in
i-cwt. bags, £8 166. per cwt. net, f.o.r.
London.— Apply, Box 92, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2. r.g.43

SACRIFICE.— Bees, 20 strong Stocks, 10 framee,
£3 per stock; crate 10s., returnable; room
wanted.-r^GITTINGS, Bleak House. Bleak Hill,
Plumstead Common. r.g.59

THREE good healthy Stocks of Italian Hybrids,
10 frames, Penna strain, . £3 10s., carriage
paid; 10s. on box. Seen by appointment. (Am
overstocked.)— H. OBORNE, 25, Guest Road,
Bishopstoke, Hants. r.g.71

THREE STRONG STOCKS on 8 frames, 3 ge.
each, carriage paid; boxes 10s., returnable. —
HODSON. Harley Lodge, Enfield. g.60

BUSINESS ADVERTISEIMCBNTS.

IJd. per word.

PROLIFIC NATIVE NUCLEI, 4 frames, 45s.,
carriage paid.— TROWSE, Bade Road, Nor-
wich. g.l58

NUCLEI, 3 frames, best Italian Hybrids, fertile
1920 Queen, delivery immediately, 35sr; also
fertile Queens 76. 6d., and 6-frame Stocks for
hfeather.— MOORE, 31, iMonmouth Road, Dor-
chester. g.l59

PROLIFIC ITALIAN VIRGINS only, by return
this week, 5s.-Y0UNG, Hundred Elm
Apiary, Central Road, Sudbury, Middlesex. g.l61

FAMOUS Hybrid Cotswold Queens, bred from
hierhest honey yielders, 10s. 6d. each.—
BOWEN, below.

FOR HEATHER HARVEST.— Prime 8-comb
colonies, ready for supers. 936.; 3-comb Nuclei,
45s., by return.— LIEUT. BOWEN, Cotswold Bee
and Honey Specialist, Cheltenham. g.l6a

/I -FRAME NUCLEI, Italian Hybrids, 1920
'* Queens, 303.; box 10s., returnable.— ANTHONY,
34, Knavesmire Crescent, York. g.l63

NORVIC BEE CURE is a necessity; indifference
mcnns loss; quart, 10s.; h gallon, 18s.; gallon,
30s.-TROW'SE, Bade Road, Norwich. g.l38

SURPLUS.-Nuclei, Hybrids, crowded, 1920
Queens, very prolific strain. 30s.; box 10s.,
returnable; immediate.— F. BIGGE, Tyburn, Bir-
mingham. r.g.l45

July 22, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

359

DUTCH NUCLEI, 5-, 4-, S-fram«6. 1920 Queens,
9e. frame; well stocked; box 10s., returnable.
—ANDREWS, 78a, Westgate, Peterborough. g.l64

QUEENS.— 1920 home-bred Italians, delivery by
return, 10s. 6d. each.— G-OATH COTTAGE
APIARY, Endlebury Boad, Chingford. g.l65

FOR SALE, immediate delivery, 10-frame Stock,
£4 7s. 6d.; 8-frame, £3 156.; 4-frame, £2 5s.,
with Penna 1920 Queens. Others cheaper. Die-
count for number of Stocks.— ASHWORTH. Wey-
mouth Street, Warminster. g.l66

ITALIANS.— Few second Swarms, 25s.; 3-fram6
Nuclei, 25e.— H. BOWBEY, Swallowfield,
Berks. g.l67

ITALIAN HYBRID QUEENS.— F'ertiles, 10s.;
virgins, 3s.— JACK TICKELL, Westbourne
Apiary, Cheltenham. g.l68

QUEENS, Italian and English, 1920, 10s.;
Nuclei, strong, 4 frames 50s., 3 frames 40s.,
carriage paid. Stamp reply. — HOLLINGS-
WORTH (First Class Expert), Heanor. g.l69

ITALIAN HYBRID NUCLEI, 8s. frame to clear;
very gentle; absolutely healthy; very strong;
expert's certificate. Splendid Stocks, 1920 Queens,
7s. 6d. bar. Owner overstocked.— REDDIE, Cliff
Cottage, Leigh, Essex. g.l70

NUCLEI, 1920 fertile Italian Queens, 6 frames
brood, 63s.; boxes 7s. 6d., returnable. Satis-
faction guaranteed. Over 36 years' experience.—
J. CLARKE, Mill Road, Marlpool, Derbyshire.

g.m

4-FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 50s.; box charged 10s., returnable;
enframe Stocks, 70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 90s. Imme-
diate delivery (weather permitting). Italian
fertile Queens, 10s. 6d. English Run Honey and
Sections wanted.— LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary,"
Burgess Hill, Sussex. r.g.ll4

VERY strong Nuclei, Italian Hybrids (Sim-
mins'), 4 frames packed bees, brood, stores,
with tested 1920 Queens, guaranteed healthy, 45e.,
carriage paid; box 10s., returnable.- HOWLETT,
" Sylvabelle," Tring. g.ll6

ITALIANS.— Choice Virgins, 3s. Immediate.
Stamp.— HOUSTON, Ellen Villa, Sidcup.

r.g.l23

BEES.— BROOKS, Carnation Specialist, 9,
Dudley Road, Finchley. r.g.98

6 -FRAME STOCKS, with 1920 Queens, 60s. each;
travelling box lOs., returnable.— MEG6ITT,
Bramhall, Stockport. r.g.49

IMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS, lis. 6d. each;
selected Hybrids, 9s. ; English, 76. Safe
delivery guaranteed. Catalogue free.— C. T.
OVERTON & SONS. Crawley. r.?.79

CHOICE home-reared Italian Queens, lOs.:
Virgins, 4«. 6d.; July-September.— MISSES
PALING & PILLANS, Golden Square, Henfield,
Sussex. r.g.82

STRICTLY BUSINESS. — Six packages of
Flavine, 6d.; a Japanned Sorayer, 6s.; "Let
the Bees Tell Ton," 29. All post paid.— S. H.
SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. g.l24

STOP! LOOK HERE I— Having despatched all
ordera I can etiU spare a number of 3^ and
4-frame Nuclei at 45s. and 52s. 6d. respectively,
carriage paid. 78. 6d. being refunded on box. Also
a limited number of Stocks on 8 frames. Price on
application. All above are home^reared Italians,
highly resistant to disease, and splendid honey
gatherers — HERBERT VALLEY, Apiarist.
Saxilby, Lincoln. r.g.80

TRONG 3-FRAME NUCLEI, 1920 fertlie

Queens, 30s.; box Ss., returnable,' Stocks on 8

frames, 608; boxes lOs., returnable.— W. WOODS,

Normandy, jtesr Gaildfoird. g.63

VIRGIN QUEENS-THE WELSH APIARY
STRAIN.— Hybrid Italian, guaranteed bred
from highly prolific stock, never had " I.W." D. in
apiary, the Queens to revitalise your stock, hardy
and virile, 56. each.-LT.-COLDNEL WEAVER
PRICE, Welsh Apiary, Ashgrove, Brecon, S.
Wales. r.&.«5

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, 63e.— PRYOR, Breachwood
Green, Welwyn. g^

DOES BREEDING SPECIALISATION PAY—
FOR YOU?— "The queens I have had from
you so far are absolutely ' it.' I'm gonfe on
them. I have recommended several men to have
bees from you."— R. M., 25/6/20. Now does it?—
ATKINSON, Fakenham. r.g.23

PURE ITALIAN QUJIENS, prompt delivery;
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing stock, August-September.— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. r.g.24

" "T^TIGHT " DISEASE, prevention and removal;

TT advice 6s.— ALFD. RYALL, Kenwood

Apiary, Elcombe, Stroud. r.f J^61

PUPILS received by life-lonj whole-time Be©
Fiarmer.- Terms on application to C. B.
BABTLBTT, Sandford Mount, Oharlbury, Oxon.
d.iafT

1Q*>n FERTILE Golden Italian QneenB.
Lu^iyJ guaranteed imported direct from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, 10s. each;
specially selected, 14s.— GOODARE, New Cross,
Wednesfield. '-M

"TSLB OF WIGHT" DISEASE.- Don't worry;

X use the solution that curee; 3s. per bottle.—

B. PRESSBY. St. Elmo. Couladon. r.d.149

BOZZALLA tested Queens are sold at the price
usiually charged for untested queens.— Cata-
logue from H. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue,
Paisley. r-c.il6

DUTCH BEES, Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthes), Nuclei, Queens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.—Buy direct from Sole Agent, WHYTE. Bee
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire. b.61

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.
E. PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY.

I assume again the direct sale of my queens.
Special offers from July 10 till countermanded.
For queens in lots of 4 at a time £l 8s. Cash
with orders. Payment by cheques or British
Postal Orders. International Money Orders
are not accepted. I do not hold myself
responsible for the queens that are not sent
by me direct to customers. All orders should
be sent direct to me. In May the queens
dead in the journey have been lees than 1 %

ORDERS BOOKED IN ROTATION.

Cartmel Agricultural Society.

43rd ANNUAL SHOW,

The Park, Cartmel,

TUESDAY, AUGUST 10, 1920.

OPEN Classes for COMB HONEY and RUN

or EXTRACTED HONEY.

Entries close July 28th, 1920.

Schedules, Entry Forms, etc., from the Secretary,
W. Dickinson, Cark-in-Carlmel.

360

THE BRITISH B^ JOlTRyAL. July 22, 1920.

HAVB tOtI EBAI> "THB BM WORLD"?
If not, irhj noit Eveiry aumlMr in itself i»
« uMful lit«rar7 work for pr«etic« and refM»ne«.
Bp«cim«B eop7 free.— Offic«a : THB A.PIS OLUB,
Port HIU HooM, Benson, Oxeo.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address:

Signor Gaetano Plana,
Castel San Pietro.
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,

9/- each queen.
Can take no more orders for June & July. Booked up.

Carriage paid in Gxeat Britain. Cash must aocompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe airrival of all Qaeens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B,B,T."
Office.

For the itiutuai convenience of all parties, 11 Signor
Piana has made arrangements that all communicatfOns,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ." and
" B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Jotirnal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.a.

Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

BRITISH BEE-EEEPER'S
GUIDE BOOK.

By T. W. COWAN, F.L.S., &C

" Indispensable for success in bee-keeping."

Upwards of 150 Illustrations, including fine

Half-tone Blocks from Photos.

Paper Covers, 2/6 net; postage 3d.

BBITISH BEE JOURNAL and RECORD OEriCE

23, Bedford Street, Strand. Lonon. W.C.2.
THE

British Bee-Keeper^' A^sodatioil.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. KERROD-HEUPSAIiIi, 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, Iiondoii, W.C.St-

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR. EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper,
Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
i;iINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.G.2.

BARGAINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING.

Khaki Serge Riding Breeches,

good condition, pair 12/6

Bedford Cord Riding Breeches,

good condition „ 9/6

New Bedford COrd Officers' Breeches „ 42/-
New Cord Riding Breeches, strapped „ 22/6
Blue Serge Trousers, for Working

iMen , 12/6

Blue Serge Trousers, as new .. „ 14/-
Blue Serge Trousers, new .. .. „ 21/-
Khaki Drill Trousers, all sizes .. », 7/6
Khaki Drill Jackets, with pockets each 7/6
Army re-eoled Boots, all sizes _.^_pair 12/6

Army Rubber Ground Sheets 72 x 36, brass
eyelets, good condition, 2 for 9/-, 4 for ley-
Large Canvas Cart Covers about 6ft. square,
with brass eyelets, 7/6 each. Those are
useful for making Tente or Campuig Outfits.
Black Rubber Combination. Suits, all sizes,
complete with Sou'wester, 25/- each; cost
Government 63/-.
New Heavy Black Boots made specially for

outdoor workers, 21/- pair.
Large Australian Wool Blankets, 26/- pair-
bargains.
New Full^ize Army Grey Wool Blankets, USl-
Best bargain in Blankets ever offered.

SPECIAIi OFPEB FOB THIS HOT WEATHEB;

Khaki Drill Suits, Officers' quality, complete with pockets, 20/- per suit.
Khaki Drill Suits, another quality, complete with pockets, 14/- per suit.

SACAR'S (Universal) STORES (Deptf 27), ARDWICK, MANCHESTER.

A Necessity on all Hives all
the Year Round.

SUPER CLEARER.
QUEEN EXCLUDER.
WINTERING BOARD,
Ac,

SEND FOR KAT.A-LOG

MEADOWS, Syston, Leicester.

POSITIVE FACTS.

June i2,i^, 1920,

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly pref«r it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out A sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back of the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in 16 x 10 fratnes.

Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY,
Illustrated Lists free by post.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent

July 22, 1920. TflB fiBITISH BEE JOITRyAL. Hi.

^11

DADANT'S
WEED FOUNDATION.

THIS Foundation is made from
pure Beeswax and guaranteed
free from all disease germs.

Give your bees the BEST, and the
best IS DADANT'S.

No acids or other chemicals are
used in the manufacture, and the
makers guarantee that "EVERY
INCH, EVERY POUND, EVERY
TON, is equal to any sample ever

sent out."

We have jiist received a fresh con- g

signment, and are in a position to =

give immediate despatch. §

Rear healthy bees on clean, natural ^

combs. =

None genuine without the water- * ^

mark "DADANT" on every sheet. ^

. g'

Oar Catalogue, entitled ''Everything for an Apiary," E

is sent post free on Application. =

I R. STEELE & BRODIE, I

= Bee Appliance Makers, S

I WORMIT, FIFE. I

ft

w

THE BRITISH BEE JOtTRNAL. July 22, 1920.

tee's Bee Supplies, g

J| In design, material and workman- XX

■" ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain "^

the reputation of being your best and W

safest investment. O

^ ^ 0 g

^ Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA- Q

. LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the fi

most up-to-date hives and appliances M

for which the House of Lee is famous. )lj

a a a ^

fj We regret the necessity of having

" to advise our Customers that owing

to the increased cost of production, all

prices in 1920 price list are subject to

10% increase. The increase will not

apply to orders received before May 10.

•»• Five per cent discount to Mtmbert of
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

fTelegraiiu : Graphicly. Uxbridge. Telephoaa : Uxbridge 181.)

«

RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, mnd preventive oft

" Isle of Wight * Disease.

Non-poisonou( — free from staia

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES. LTD.,

39. Farriacdon Road. LoadoBi E.Cl.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

20-Page 1920 ''WHITE STAR" List,

8|d. POST FREE.

8. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND. HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

J very muek reyref that there has been a large increase in the cost of (he manufaeta. e of bW
appliances, and therefore my prices teiU be advanced 10% from May lOth. Books txupled-

P&INTCD n TBI AyIXUI PftHB (L. UpOOTT QllL & SON. LTD.), 66^7. DsMV LiNI, LONDOIf, W.O., A>P

PoiuaHu ros taa Pbopeirok (W. Hnaoo-HuinAu). by liurKUiL Mabbhau« Bahutoi.
— - Kuf « 09.. Ltd.. U k », PAtiMOKU Bow. 9/3.

British Bei Jottbicai. and Bei-kkbpers' Adtiber. July 29, 1920.

ILIBT^AI^ir of tlie

1921

■^Edited by
TW.Cow&.n.rL.S,
ftnd' J.Herrod—

Hempaall.FES.

M

& Bee -Keepers
Adviser/

cxWeekV JourneJ Devoted to
tnc Interests oj

Bee-Keepers.

No. 1988. Vol. XLVIII

JULY 29, 1920.

{Published every Thursday, Price 2d.

CO m^o^e: i«^rr s.

PAQE

Seasonable Hints 361

Jottings raoM Htjntingdonshiee 361

EnKCOKN Notes 362

Sugar foe Bee Food 363

A Handy Apiaey 364

Carmaethens. B.K.A 365

guildfoed and disieict b.e.a 365

Great Totham Cottage Garden Soeien Show . . 365

PAGE
Ck)ERESPONDENCE—

Late Flowering Limes 366

Troubles of the Publisher 366

Fraternity Among Bee-keepers 367

Two Queens with a Swarm 367

Queries and Eeplies—

Screen for Road 368

Bee Shows to Come 368

We have just received a consignment of

Lewis Superb Snow White Basswood

SEOXIONS

Which we are offering at the moderate figure of
catalogue price, plus 15%.

As this essential branch of Beeware is likely to
increase in price next season we strongly advise our
customers to purchase with a view to the future.

HONEY BOTTLES

lib. actual size.
We are in a position to give prompt delivery^ of
honey bottles. These are of the finest quality.

Price - 1-lb. 55/- per gross,
i-lb. 47/. „ „
Reductions for LARGE quantities.

£• H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 29, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journa!

Office :

I'; Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

Weekly Journal Devoted to
Interests of Bee-keepers.

th«

Edltefl by T. W. COWAJT, F.L.S., &c.,
and J. HERKOD-REMPSALIi, F.E.S.

OoFPespondenoe : Whom to Address.—

AJl matterg relating td the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., shoald be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communicationa and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager." B.B.J.
Office.

SnbMrlptlOIU. - Annual Subscription,
lUs. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2i.,or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
ly post, a stamped and addressed envelope
:«nat be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
vrill be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Honey. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Malfpennp stamps arelpreferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing Uiem.

■ The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers ia uie paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yen are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing witb strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to tave trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit Si/stem of trading.

Goods should not be despatched nntil notice that
the money has been deposited is received Irons
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the p'urchase-money of the articles fi
depoeited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both partiee, and hold the money
nntil we are satisfied that the purchaee is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a chsirge of M
per cent, in the £. with a minlmnm of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Poetal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
v« return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Poetal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Weetmingter Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loss thai may
«ccar In tranaii.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be seat direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing ths order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when -the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will b« dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when tire purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, t.«., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by tbe vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

A Modern Bee Farm

Advanced Bee Culture
(Hutchinson)

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett)

BEB-KBEFZNG SIMFI.XFIED
FOB THE COTTAGER AJND
SMAZiIiHOIiBEB (W. Hebrod-
Hempsall, F.E.S.)

BRITISH BEE • KEEFEBS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. CovfiN)

Paper covers

Cloth covers

Dissectible Model of Queen
Bee

FERTILISATION OP FRUIT
BLOSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan)

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ...

Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks)

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock)

Management of Out Apiaries

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to 'Commercial Fruit
Growling (C. H. Hooper, F.R.H.S.)

PRODUCIKG, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Herrod-Hempsall, F.B.S.)

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-
lett) ... ]

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen)

Scientific Queen Rearing
<Doolittle)

The Bee-keepers' Vade Mecum
(Geary)

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening

The " Townsend " Bee Book ...

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ...

MISCELLANEOUS.

Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee
The Lore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER EdWARDES)

THE BEE WORLD (supplied
only to members of Associations
interested in the control and
development of the Apis Club,
apart from ordinary members of
the latter), per copy

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(TiCKNER EDWARDES)

7/6

6/.
5/.

1/-

Postage
... Sid.

... 64d.
... 4d.

2d.

2/6
3/6

.. 3d
.. 4d

4/6

.. 3d.

-/3
./6 .
-/2 .

.. Id.
.. Id.
.. Id.

5/- .
3/-

.44d.
.. 2d.

-/6

Id.

2/-

... 3d.

0/6 .

.. 84d

1/6

.. 2d.

4/. .

.. 3id

2/6

... 2d

-/6
2/6

2/- .

.. Id.
.. 2d.
..2id.

5/-

.. 3d.

2/. .

. 2id.

-/8
7/6

l§d.
41d.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

2S. bedfobd stbbbt, stband, London. W.at.

July 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTJIINAL.

861

Seasonable Hints.

The weather has on the whole been very
unfavourable for the bees during the
month of July, and we are still hearing of
colonies being short of food. We repeat
our warning of a fortnight ago to keep an
eye on the stores, especially of newly
established colonies, either swarms or
nuclei.

In giving these hints from time to time
we are in somewhat of a difficulty. Con-
ditions vary very considerably in different
parts of the country, and we can only be
guided by those prevailing in our own dis-
trict, and from information given by callers
at the oflfiee, and we feel that our hints
may be quite unsuitable for localities fur-
ther afield — north and west especially. It
would be a great help to us, and also to
many bee-keepers in those parts of the'
country, if some experienced bee-keepers
could give through the Journal, a few
hints that would be suitable to their dis-
trict.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Some of the finest run honey I have
seen this ye>ar was tabled at Lilford Hall
Fete on July 22. Staged at 3s. a pound
jar, it found a very ready sale. As one
wandered through the park and noticed the
wealth of limes in full bloom, one felt it
only needed seasonable weather to give
the bees an opportunity of relieving the
myriad lime blossoms of some of then-
nectar. Alas ! the weather has again
changed. Boisterous, nippy winds are not
the ideal thing in July, and when the
bees are hindered in July it makes not a
little difference to the honey harvested.
However, we hope August-will bring true
harvest weather, and then the bees will
work like fury to get the supers filled.

Have bees a pas.sword? Does each hive
have a password or sign of its own? One
is led to think this to be so, and yet, if
such methods are adopted, how is it
strange bees are not always attacked?
"We all know what a struggle goes on
when robber hops appear at the entrance;
yet a strange bee, if filled with honey,
could gain admittance to almost any hive.
True, the stranger will pause on the
alighting lioard and hesitate to push for-
ward, and maybe one or two sentinels
would come out and challenge her, pass-
ing their antennae over her abdomen as
if to say, " Friend or foe? " and so soon

as they learned the stranger was anxious
to unload her honey-sack permission would
be immediately granted.

A lady living some five miles from here
had three hives of pure Dutch bees, and
every bee was true to type. Being anx-
ious to introduce Italian blood into her
apiary, she asked me to fix her up with
some Italian bees. I did so. Last week,
in looking through her hives, I found
Italian bees in each colony, quite at home
and happy. Often, too, when young bees
leave a hive for their first foraging trip,
if other hives of same colour and pattern
are standing near, it is not unusual for
them, on returning, to enter the wrong
hive and be accepted. It is not so with
drones. Any drone settling on the wrong
alighting board would be instantly de-
spatched, unless the colony within that
hive was queenless or decimated with
disease, in which case drones from other
hives would be welcomed gladly. Why
this should be so is not quite clear. True,
drones assist in a little way in keeping
lip the temperature of the hive, and,
moreover, despite what has been said io
the contrary, give a hand (I suppose one
ought to say leg) in cleansing of the home ;
but why they should be welcomed among
the weak and in great numbers is some-
what of a puzzle to me.

I mentioned a few weeks back that my
notice had been called to what appears to
be a new bee disease. Many readers,
jumping to the conclusion that the
diseased bees were crawling about na^
own grounds, have written to advise me
what to do: — "I see in the B.B.J, you
are troubled with crawlers; use Flavine."
" From the B.B.J. I note you have symp-
toms of ' Isle of Wight ' disease. I have
a certain cure ; sample bottle will be sent
for 2s. 6d." " Keading your Jottings the
other day, I was so sorry to see you were
troubled with disease in your apiary; I
was troubled in the same way, and used
sulphur and Izal and lime, etc.," are
types of letters I have received. Let
me here and now say that so far I have
not had a single crawler in my apiary,
nor any other bee disease. I say this not
boastfully, but with profound thankful-
ness. If you would ask how I manage
this, my first reply would be cleanliness;
second, continuous introduction of fresh'
blood and equability of temperature. If
bees are too hot, ventilate ; if too cold, add
additional covering. The coverings may be
copies of the Daily Mail, Daily News or
the Labour Leader — any newspaper will
do — but don't use Punch. Bees don't like
Punch. They may enjoy the jokes, if
they have time, when by chance they get
imprisoned 'twixt the quilts and the roof;
and if no super cones are available for exit
the wit of Punch may stave off the pangs

3^

THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRITAL. July 29, 1920.

of liunger, but the bees beneath are not
-fep happy about it. Ordinary newspaper
i& more absorbent than the superior
papers on which Punch and the Bystander
and other such papers are printed.

I have frequently remarked on the
neglected white clover blossoms, and this
has been a most remarkable clover year.
Now, however, the mowing machines have
levelled down the first blooms, and the
second crop is flowering. My bees are
quite literally in clover. In fact, the
white clover and bramble blossom are
being worked with great zeal.

Five weeks ago I introduced a virgin
Egyptian queen to half a pound of Dutch
bees on a dnawn-out comb. She mated
with an Italian drone, and her progeny
are now emerging in great numbers.
Already built up to five frames of comb,
there geems littjle doubt but that ten
frames will be needed before the season
closes. I did a similar thing two nionths
ago; the colony is now ready for super-
ing. Bees of colonies built up from nuclei
are much better-tempered than those built
up from swarms, but for gentleness of
temper I take off my hat to Holmewoods,
and since their docility is accompanied
with energy I cannot but praise this strain
of. bee the late Mr. Howard built up with
so much care.

July passes, but despite the cold spells
one sees hosts of flowers gay in field and
hedge. Sneezewort, oxeye, goutweed, bed-
straw, rest harrow, agrimony, tansy, suc-
cory, bugloss, figwort, tormentil, knap-
weed, the vetchlings, clovers, hawbit and
nipplewort are a few which catch one's
eye: while near the stream where the bee
sips and the chaffinch goes frequently to
bathe can be seen meadow sweet, vale-
rian, loose strife and red campion. — ^E. F.
Hemming, The Eectory, Steeple Gidding.

Runcorn Notes.

The Npad "Bee Disease? My kinsman
has christened this peculiar malady a
new disease. Is it? It is new however to
my experience. I have not yet any
theory to offer as to its origin. I will,
with the Editor's permission, give as con-
cisely as possible my observations. I had a
stock with failing queen, so decided to
unite with a swarm. This I procured
from ray kin-sman ; an Italian united in
the usnal way by first taking away old
nneen and running bees on to combs. The
old stock covered only three frames at the
beginning of June. The swarm had been
in the travelling box 48 hours. The
evening the operation was performed was
rather cool, and the bees consequently
lather slow. There were rather more
casualties during transit than usual. All

appeared to be well for a, couple of days,
when crawlers commenced to appear.
These increased in numbers rapi^ily,
despite persistant spraying with weak
syrup strongly medicated with Izal.
From covering eight frames of comb they
had dwindled by half in ten days, and in
a few days after (when on-examination I
found the queen was a virgin laying only
drone eggs, I destroyed them in disgust
and burnt contents of hive, with bees)
they covered hardly three combs.

A few days after I received another
sWarm headed by a Dutch queen. About
half the bees were Dutch and half
Italian. The swarm was not a large one
and was hived on six frames with starters
only. (More of this, perhaps, another
time.) All was going merry as a mar-
riage bell for about four or five days.
Then crawlers, Spraying as before, no
result, bees got worse. My disgust can be
imagined. Isle of Wight disease was, of
course, in my mind. Before destroying
the first swarm I sent about a dozen of
the crawlers to Dr. Helen Goodrich for
bacteriological examination. The report
received was " No Microsporidiosis found,
or any known disease." Swarm No. 2
got worse, and I had had. about decided
it should follow the first, when it occurred
to me, perhaps, as the weather was
decidedly chilly during their transit, that
they were suffering from chill, and that
when the new brood hatched out matters
would mend. So I waited — in vain.
The young bees were as bad as the old,
but the queen being vigorous after the
brood commenced to emerge, the young
bees about kept pace with.th^e casualties,
so that although they did not decrease in
numbers they did not increase. When
these were at their worst I sent some
to Dr. Gk)odrich for examination. The
report reads: "Only three arrived alive,
but in these there is no trace of any known
disease." About this time I read in Mr.
Kettle's article that he had been success-
ful in treating crawling stocks with
Flavine, so decided to try the treatment,
and I am happy to say that five days after
the first spraying all trace of crawlers
had disappeared.

Now as to the exact symptoms the bees
showed. The bees were unable to fly,
owing to apparent paralysis of their
anterior wings ; though they could vibrate
the posterior without difficulty, the an-
terior were immobile. Also, when first
attacked they were very nimble on their
legs. They crawled as much as a do:^n
yards from the hive. Like my kinsman I
observed bees working on Limnanthes
which were unable to fly back to the hive.
Whether they crawled to the flowers, which
were quite near the hives, I am unable

July 29, 1920. THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAIi.

S6S

to say. During the hottest part of the
day most of the affected bees would be
seen crawling up the front of the hive on
to the roof, where they assenifeled in
clusters. Later, those that did not fall
to the ground re-entered the' hive. They
also showed swollen abdomens, which on
examination were found to contain an
accumulation of faeces which they seemed
unable to evacuate. The queer point
about this complaint is that it seems to
affect swarms only. I am assured that
the parent stocks show no signs of
crawlers. A hive standing six feet from
my first affected swarm threw two swarms,
but no symptoms of crawlers have appeared
in these. If the case mentioned by Mr.
•W. Green in B.B.J, for July 15 (10221)
is identical with mine it would seem as
if it is a form of bee-paralysis, sulphur
being a recognised specific for this. —
D. .J. Hejiming, Runcorn, Cheshire.

Sugar for Bee Food.

Bee-keepers requiring a supply of sugar
for feeding should apply at once to the
Secretary of the Committee dealing with
this matter in their respective counties
for a registration form, which must be
filled in and returned to the source from
which it is obtained. A certificate will
then be issued entitling the holder to
14 lbs. of sugar per stock any time frpm
August 1 to December 31, 1920. This
must be presented to the Local Food Com-
mittee, who will issue the necessary cou-
pons for the amount allocated from his
grocer. All needing sugar must register,
lohether registered before or not. The
address from which the registration forms
can be obtained in each county are as
follows : —

ENGLAND.

Wheee to Apply for the Autumn and Winter
Eation of Sugar for Bee-Feeding Purposes.

Bedfordshire. — ^The Director of Education,
Shire Hall, Bedford.

Berkshire. — The Clerk, Berks. County Council,
Shire, Hall, Reading.

City of Birmingham. — A. E. Griffiths, Esq.,
• Parks Department, Council House, Bir-
mingham.

Buckinghamshire. — The Secretary, Bucks.
Agricultural Instruction Committee, Edu-
cation Sub-Office, Kingsbury Square,
Aylesbury.

Cambridgeshire. — The Executive Officer,
Cambs. Agricultural Executive Committee,
10, Trinity Street, Cambridge.

Cheshire.— Tlie Agricultural Organiser, Educa-
tion Department, Reaseheath, Nantwich.

Cornwall.— The Secretary for Education,
County Hall, Truro.

Cumberland.— John Steel, Esq., Cardewlees,

Derby.— F. Meakin, Esq., 57, Pybus Street,
Derby.

Devonshire. — The Agrieultural Organiser,
Devon County Agricultural Committee,
1, Richmond Road, Exeter.
Dorset. — The Director of Education, County
Education Office, West High Street, Dor-
chester.

Durham.— -The Director of Education, Shire
Hall, Durham.

Essex. — ^The Secretary, Essex Education Com-
mittee, East Anglian Institute of Agricul-
ture, Chelmsford.

Gloucestershire. — The Agricultural Organiser,
County Education Office, Shire Hall,
Gloucester.

Hants.— Tlie Director of Education, The
Castle, Winchester.

Hereford. — The Organiser of Agricultural Edu-
cation, Shire Hall, Hereford.

Hunts.— The Clerk to the Education Com-
mittee, County Education Offices, Walden
House, Huntingdon.

Herts. — Frank Lipscomb, Esq., Estate Office,
Woodhall Park, Hertford.

Isle of Ely. — The Education Secretary, Educa-
tion Offices, March.

Isle of Wight.— The Clerk, Isle of Wight
County Council, County Hall. Newport.

Kent. — The Agricultural Organiser, Sessions
House, Maidstone.

Lancashire.— The Director of Education, Edu-
cation Department, County Offices, Preston.

Leicester. — ^The Secretary, Leicester Education
Committee, Agricultural Department, 6,
Millstone Lane, Leicester.

Lincolnshire : —

Holland. — The Horticultural Superm-

tendent. Agricultural Education Committee,

The Agricultural College, Kirton, near

Boston, Lines.

Kesteven.— Mr. S. Greenall, The Manor,

Carlton Scroop, Grantham.
Lindsey.— The Organiser of Horticultural
Education, Lindsey County Council, 286,
High Street, Lincoln.

Middlesex.— The Secretary, Middlesex Educa-
tion Committee, The Guildhall, West-
minster. S.W.I.

Norfolk.— The Secretary, Norfolk Education
•Committee, Shirehall, Norwich.

Northampton. — The Education Secretary,
County Education Office, Northampton.

Northumberland.— C. Mayhew, Esq., 66,
Louvaine Place, Newcastle.

Notts.— The Director of Education, Shire
Hall, Nottingham.

Oxford.— The Education Secretary, The Agri-
cultural Sub-Committee, County Offices,
Oxford.

Rutland.— The Agricultural Organiser, Rut-
land Education Committee, Oakham.

Salop.— The Secretary, Agricultural Committee,
Salop County Council, Kenneth House,
Dogpole, Shrewsbury.

Soke of Peterborough.— The Qlerk, Soke of
Peterborough Education Committee, Com-
mittee Clerk's Office, Peterborough.

Somerset.— The Secretary. Agricultural In-
struction Committee, Agricultural Educa-
tion Office, Cannington Court, near Bridge-
water. . • ii 1

Staffordshire.- The Secretary: Agricultural
Education Committee, Secondary and Tech-
nical Department, County Education Office,
Stafford. ^ „ -, „

Suffolk (East).— The Secretary. East Suffolk
Education Committee, County Hall,
Ipswich. . e,

Suffolk (West). — The County Education Secre-
tary. West Suffolk County Council, Shire
Hall, Bury St. Edmunda.

364

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 29. 1920.

SUEBEY. — The Secretary, Surrey Education
Committee, County Education Offices,
Kingston-on-Thames.

Sussex (East).— The Secretary, Horticultural
Sub-Committee, Agricultural Education
Committee, County Hall, Lewes.

Sussex (West).— The Agricultural Organiser,
County Hall, Chichester.

Warwick.— The Director of Education, County
Education Office, Warwick.

WESTMOBLAND.^The Director of Education,
Lowther House, Kendal.

WOHCESTEHSHIBE.— S. Lcedham, Esq., Webb's
Farm, Lower Bentley, Bromsgrove.

WiLTSHlBE. — ^The Secretary, Agricultural Edu-
cation Department, Wilts. County Council,
County Offices, Trowbridge.

Cabnabvon. — The Director of Education,
County Hall, Carnarvon.

Denbighshiee. — The Principal, Llyssasi Farm
Institute, Dentre, Celyn, Ruthin.

Flint.— The Secretary, Flint Agricultural Edu-
cation Sub-Committee, County Coimoil
Offices, Broughton, Chester.

Glamobgan. — The Secretary, Glamorgan Agri-
cultural Executive Committee, 30, Park
Place, Cardiff.

Mebioneth. — The Secretary, Merioneth Educa-
tion Committee, Education Office, Towyn.

MoNTGOMEEY. — The Agricultural Organiser,
Agricultural Office, Welshpool.

Monmouth. — ^The Director of Agricultural
Education, County Council Offices, New-
port, Mon.

P.\KT OF MR. G. G. DESMOND S APIARY.

Yobkshibe (Three Ridings). — ^The Clerks, Joint
Agricultural Council, Yorkshire Council for
Agricultural Education, County Hall,
Beverley.

WALES.

Anglesey. — ^The Secretary, Anglesey Agricul-
tural Instruction Committee, Shire Hall,
Llangefni.

Bbeoon. — The Agricultural Organiser, Agricul-
tural Office, Builth Wells.

Caedigan. — The Agricultural Organiser, Cardi-
gan Education Committee, Nythfa, Tre-
garon, Card.

Cabmabthen.— The Clerk, Carmarthen Educa-
tion Committee, County Education Office,
Carmarthen.

Pembboke.— The Director of Education, 8, Vic-
toria Place, Haverfordwest ,
Radnob. — Included in Brecon.

A Handy Apiary.

Perhaps no one has an apiary situated
exactly as mine is. From the cottage to
the workshop runs a covered passage, east
and west. On the south side of this the
land rises sharply, and here are the hives
with entrances about four feet below the
ridge of the corridor and ten feet away,
from it, fio that there is a perfectly easy

July 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

365

flight-line to the north, and shelter from
the north wind. The corridor has several
windows from which one can look straight
into the hive-entrances. My wife is seen
ill the enclosed photograph looking from
one of them. The little box under the
uppei window of the cottage has a nest of
tits every year. Though these birds help
themselves to a good many bees during
the winter (and would whether they nested
here or not) they never feed their young
on anything but green caterpillars. —
G. G. Desmond, Sheepscombe, Gloucester-
shire.

Carmarthenshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Report of Council meeting of above
Association, held July "IG at Ammanford,
Mr. Winterbottom in the chair.

On the application of the committee of
the Llangadock Horticultural Show, to be
held on August 21, Mr. Samways,
F.R.H.S., the expert of the Association,
consented to give a demonstration in bee-
keeping at the Show.

It was decided to advertise for applica-
tions for lectures and demonstrations by
the experts of the Association, with a
view to the establishment of new branches
in the more remote parts of the county.

The Secretary was asked to draw the
attention of local secretaries tO' the Pre-
liminary Examination to be held August
14 at Llanelly and to the sugar ration for
autumn feeding.

The Bee Re-Stocking Committee report
that the bees in the Dutch skeps are in
flourishing condition and &re ready for
the formation of nuclei, but delay is ex-
perienced owing to difficulty of getting
delivery of fertile queens.

A vote of sympathy with Mrs. J, W.
Jones, widow of the late Rev. J. W.
Jones, Vicar of Ammanford, was passed.
The Vicar had been a valued member of
the Association since its commencement.
'A long illness prevented his working
among his bees, so that several members
of the Association undertook the care of
them. — ^W. CoMERY, Hon. Sec.

Guildford & District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

This young society was able to stage
some good samples of honey at a show held
at Stoke Park, Guildford, on Saturday,
24th July. The competition in the eight
classes arranged, resulted as follows: —

Open to members of the Association.

Class A. — Three 1 lb. sections of comb
honev: 1st, E. G. Waldock; 2nd, H. J.
Snell.

Class B. — Three 1 lb. glasses of light

run or extracted honey: 1st, J. Fooks;
2nd, Mrs. W. Fawcett.

Class C. — Three 1 lb. glasses of medium
run or extracted honey : 1st, A Cox; 2nd,
A. H. Hamshar,

Class D. — One shallow frame of comb
honey: 1st, J. Fooks; 2nd, E. G.
Waldock.

Open to the United Kingdom.

Class E. — Three 1 lb. sections of comb
honey: 1st, Miss H. Graham; 2nd, H. J.
Snell.

Class F. — Three 1 lb. , glasses of light
run or extracted honey : 1st, E. G.
Waldock; 2nd, H. J. Snell.

Class G. — Three 1 lb. glasses of medium
run or extracted honey : 1st, A. H.
Hamshar; 2nd, H. J. Snell.

Class H. — One shallow frame of comb
honey: 1st, J. Fooks; 2nd, H. J. Snell.

Judge— Mr. C. T. Overton, Surrey
Association expert.

An additional feature of the show was
an observation hive of bees kindly lent by
Mr. H. J. Snell, a beekeeper of over 25
years experience. The trade exhibit of
Messrs. F. A. Brown & Co., of Guildford,
was complete from hives to honey labels.
As the- event waa combined with the
Flower and Vegetable Show of the allot-
ment holders of the town, the visitors were
numerous, and the many enquiries at the
honey t«nt indicated that beeke'eping in
Surrey is making good headway as a busi-
ness, as "well as a pleasant hobby. — Com-
municated.

Great Totham, Little Branted and

Wickham Bishops Cottage Garden

Society.

The above-named Society held a veiy
successful show on July 14, at which the
honey exhibits showed a very great im-
'provement on previous years, both in
quantity and quality. This was due to
the efforts of the Wickham and District
Bee Keepers' Co-operative Association,
and particularly to their able and ener-
getic expert Mr. Hammond. Nineteen
exhibitors staged 51 exhibits out of 69
entries, and the following were the fortu-
nate prize winners : —

Class 79. — 5 sections, 10 entries, 5 ex-
hibits.—Ist, Mr. H. Sayer; 2nd, Mrs.
Boulton.

Class 80. — 1 jar open to all Essex, 13
entries, 11 exhibits. — 1st, Mr, A. C. Tew;
2nd, Mrs. J. Taylor.

Class 82. — 1 jar open to British Isles,
16 entries, 15 exhibits.— 1st, Mr. P. J.
North; 2nd, Mrs. Boulton,

Class 75. — 6 sections, 7 entries, 4 ex-
hibits.—1st, Miss Collins; 2nd, Mr.
Crouch.

Class 76. — 3 bottles honey, 9 entries, 7

366

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. July 29. 1920.

exhibits. — 1st, Mr. Lake; 2iid, Mr.
Croucli.

Class 77. — Shallow frame, 9 entries, 7
exhibits. — 1st, Miss F. Weston; 2nd, Mr.
Crouch.

Class 78. — Best display of honey, 3 en-
tries, 2 exhibits.— 1st, Mr. A. C. Tew;
2nd, Mr. Hammond.

Mr. Alder, Essex County expert, and
Mr. Belsham, Heybridge, kindly acted as
judges. The former gave a very interest-
ing lecture and demonstration on hand-
ling bees, which aroused much interest,
and was greatly appreciated. — Charles
W. CocKBTiRN, Hon. Sec.

mmmmm:

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
.as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Late Flowering Lime.

[10231] Herewith I send some speci-
mens of Tilia j^^tiolaris, the Caucasian
lime tree, which are now (July 26)
bursting into bloom and yielding honey of
excellent quality. You will recollect that
you were good enough to publish a letter
from me on this useful tree on September
14, 1899, in which I called attention to
the possibility of doubling the time
available for the lime-tree honey harvest
by planting this tree. In that year I my-
self planted a number of them, one of
which is now 3 ft. 4 in. in girth two feet
from the ground, and more than 30 ft. in
height. In addition to its utility as a
source of honey the buds of Tilia petiolaris
furnish an excellent vegetable in the
spring. When they, measure about three-
quarters of an inch in length they can be
collected by shaking the branches sharply,
especially soon after rain. They are
cooked like spinach, and are delicious
v/hen subsequently heated with a little
butter or fat. The bark of the branches
i:= tough, and ca-n be iised in the garden
for tying purposes. The propagation ff
the tree is easy, either by grafting on
(stocks of the common lime or linden, or
by cuttings. I have had very few seed-
lings from my trees as yet. — Walter F.
Urid. Addlestone.

[The thanks of beekeepers are due to
Mr, Reid for again bringing this tree to
notice. Tho specimens sent by him are
full of flower, and as we are writing are
filling the room with their fragrance. No

wonder the bees are fond of them. Where
the roadsides are planted with trees they
should have a good proportion of this late
flowering lime among them. They are
both useful and ornamental — more orna-
mental than tome trees we have seen.
Those of our readers who have any in-
fluence in the planting of trees to beautify
parks, roadsides, or other places, should,
use it to get at least some of this variety
included. Mr. Reid finds another point
in its favour, it is not so liable to honey
dew as the ordinary lime. — Eds.]

Troubles of the Publisher.

[10232] It is only fair to the publishers
of the American Bee Journal to say that
they have not raised their subscription,
and that they are not doing so, at any
rate for some months, and that mean-
while they are giving all their subscribers
the option of renewing their subscriptions
at the present rate for as long as they
care to pay for in advance. Whether it
pays to subscribe five or ten years in ad-
vance to secure the paper at a lower
price is a matter of opinion. It certainly
would not pay English people to do so at
present rate of exchange.

I have a sort of recollection of the
B.B.J, subscription being raised some
time ago because of the higher postage
rates. I have no time to look it up now,
but several people have mentioned it .o
me lately, and saying that the stamp on
the Journal is still a halfpenny one. Per-
haps it might be worth while to explain.
Personally, 1 think the price of the
Journal is not high, seeing that it is the
only largely-used advertising medium at,
the present time.

Eeferring to " Notes on Bee-keeping,
perhaps Mr. Lythgoe would cultivate the
Rev. Owen and win a few bee-keeping
secrets. For instance, he might hear
what kind of bees they use and what size
of frames, etc. Anyway, if Mr. Owen
reads the B.B.J. , I shall be surprised if
he does not get a message about bees
soon. I wonder what they say " beyond
the veil " when tbey get stung. — R, B,
Manley.

[The subscription to the B.B.J, and
Record was not raised on account of the
higher postage rates. The rate proposed
for printed papers was dropped, an,d for
the present remains ,the same. We only
issued a warning that if the postage was
increased we should have to add the
amount to the subscription, but the
price of the paper would have remained
unaltered. Our thanks are due to a
number of subscribers who sent cash in
anticipation of an increased postage, and
if anyone has not had this returned it
will be on receipt of a post-card to that
effect,— Eds.]

July 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

867

Fraternity Among Bee-Keepers.

[10233] Though sympathising with his
arisfortunes, I quite fail to understand
what it is that friend Cross wanted but
did not get.

I did not see his " Ad.," but he explains
that he wished to buy and desired no
gift. Well, the "Ad.'' columns of the
B.B.J, are crowded with sellers, probably
in the proportion of 20 to 1 of buyers.
What a simple matter to apply to these
sellers for what he wanted I If these
sellers had more orders than they could
cope with it would be unreasonable to
expect them to apply to him; the initia-
tive should have been on his side, for
oiders should be executed in rotation to
give justice to all.

I wanted nuclei this season, and applied
to some of the many advertisers of them.

In seeking for Italian bees, Mr. Cross
is on the high road to victory over the
plague. (Having no experienae of Dutch
I cannot speak for them; I am satisfied
with the others.) What other advice can
be given than Avoid \the native hee?
But if Mr. Cross wishes this advice
reiterated, or any other hints which
experience of the disease may have given,
he is welcome to my address by applying
for it to the Editor, I suppose, with
stamp for reply. A neighbourly visit I
fear wquld hardly be practicable.

I am always delighted to see and talk
with brother bee-keepers, and wish him
every success. — "Buzz," Isle of Man.

[10234] The letter from " Cross " and
yqur invitation appears to make appro-
priate the story I unfold below, which has
smouldered in my mind for some time. I
would say with you, gentlemen, that my
experience among bee-keepers of all classes
has been that a stronger fraternity exists
than is found in any other craft ; and be-
cause I believe that more good than harm
will result from the relation of a circum-
stance entirely unlike that fraternity, I
give the tale without embellishment and
striqtly according to facts.

A. was a smallholder who joined the
Army in 1915. Until he was sent over-
seas in the following year, his wife carried
on, but finding it impossible to continue,
she gave up the holding, all that A. was
able to do being to intimate hia approval
of the step.

Jtist at that time a bee-keeper, we will
call B., newly arrived in the village, hear-
ing that A. 's wife was disposing of bees,
and having none himself, approached her
with an offer of one pound for the
strongest of twelve stocks. She declined
the offer, and subsequently sold six stocks
"^ fifty shillings each. During the winter

three of the remaining stocks died out
from shortage of stores, but the others
were strong; and as A. had asked that if
possible, the strain should be kept for him,
she suggested to B. that he should taKe
care of these stocks — on his own premises
— on condition that he shared the honey
with her, and that any increase should
be divided equally on A. 'a return. B.
jumped at the offer. A.'s wife removed
to a distant county.

At the end of 1917, having heard nothing
from B. aboutthe bees, she wrote and asked
how they had fared, but received no reply.
Some time afterwards, she mentioned the
matter in a letter to a friend in the
village, who said she believed that B. had
dene very well with the bees. Another
letter failed to meet with any response
from B., and the matter drifted till the
end ot 1918, when she wrote again, but
still there was no response.

Early in 1919 A. returned, and, con-
cluding that it was no use trying to deal
with the matter by letter, made an expen-
sive journey to see B. He learnt from
him that the bees had indeed done very
well the first year, and besides an increase
of three stocks, had provided over half
cwt. of honey. In 1918, however, they
contracted disease, and only one survived
the winter. A. decided not to take over
this hive on B. undertaking, if it re-
covered, ^to send him a nucleus from it.
B. also promised to pack up and despatch
A.'s appliances, mentioning casually that
he had paid out a small sum for cartage
on the stocks sent away when the six were
sold. (He had not packed them, by the
way, A.'s wife having to pay a profes-
sional from a distant village to do this.)
A. ignored the hint, and left. A month
afterwards, not having received the appli-
ances, he wrote to B. rather sharply, and
a fortnight later the appliances arrived,
carriage forward.

Since then, A. has .heard nothing further
from B., nor has he been able to procure
bees on terms which he can afford.

I make no comment, but should like to
hear what brethren of the craft have to
say about the matter. Also, in order that
there may be no suspicion of bias or
malice, I depart from my usual rule and
pseudonymously sign myself. — "Amazed."

Two Queens with a Swarm.

[10235] Can you please find a small
space in your valuable B.B.J, in answer
to Mr. F. Knight's question? On July 1
he said he found two queens in a swarm ;
I found two on Saturday, July 3, in one
small swarm, about 3 lbs. On Tuesday,
July 6, I found five queens in a small
swarm, ahout 2 lbs. or 3 lbs. in. weight. I

368

THE BRITISH BEK JOURNAL. July 29, 1920.

caught all five queens and I have got
them in a match-box. Two and three
queens are very rare in small swarms
round Egham, Surrey, this year, but I
have taken seven queens from two swarms :
average about 5 to 6 lbs, I should think
this is a record, as I have not seen any
of our readers report so many;. one queen
I gave away, the other six I still hold. 1
shall be pleased to hear if any reader can
beat this record for queens in swarms for
their size. Wishing you all a good suc-
cess.— L. TiDBURY,

Screen for Road.

[9906] I want to plant a hedge to
screen a road, and want to put in some-
thing that will grow quick. Some kind
of privet would suit, but I have an idea
that privet blossom is not good for bees,
and mine are quite close to where the
hedge will be, I shall be greatly obliged
if you will advise me on this point, ->r
perhaps some of your readei's could sug-
gest a better shrub. Soil, loam over
chalk. — B, Dunning.

Eeply. — Privet would not hurt the bees,
but the honey from it has a disagreeable
flavour. We should say Myrabella plum
would be suitable. Possibly some of our
gardener readers could suggest something
else.

Bee Shows to Come.

July 29 to August .2, at Bolton.— Royal
Lancashire Agricultural Society's Show. £^ prizes
lor Honey. Six Classes.— Schedules (stating
Honey Section) from R. O. Bradbury, Secretary,
Derby House, Preston. Entries closed,

August 2, at Bredon,— Annual Show of the
Worcestershire B,K.A. Three open classea. Sche-
dules from Geo, Richings, 42, Barbourne Road,
Worcester. Entries closed.

Monday and Tuesday, August 2 and 3, at
Newport,- Monmouthshire Bee-keepera' Associa-
tion Annual Show (In connection with the New-
port Allotment Holders' Association), Members
and Open Clas«ee.— Schedules (post free 3d.) from
Hon. Sec, " Underwood," Portskewett, near
€hepstow, Monmouthshire. Entries closed,

August 3, 4 and 5, at Abington Park,
Northampton.— Northants Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion Show, in connection with the Municipal
Horticultural Society's Show, Open Classes for
single 1-lb. jar and section.— Schedules from Mr,
H. F. Swann, 41, St. Michael's Mount, Northamp-
ton. Entries close July 30,

August 4, at Shedfleld, Hants, in conjanc-
tion with the Shedfield Horticultural Society's
Show, Hants and Isle of Wight Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciationB, Swanmore sad Bitterne Branchee,
Classea for Comb and Extracted Honey.— ^chedulee

from the Hon. Sec, A, F. Hardy, Esq,, Tihe
Palace House, Bishop's Waltham, Hants,

August 7, at Barnstaple.— Barnstaple and
District Horticultural Exhibition, to be held in
the Market Hall. Five Open Classes for Honey,—
Schedules from Hon. Secretary, 19, Grosvenor
Street, Barnstaple.

August 10, at The Park, Cartmel,— Cartmel
Agricultural Society's 43rd Annual Show, Open
Classes for Comb and Extracted Honey. — Sche-
dules, etc., from W. Dickinson, Secretary, Cark-
in-Cartmel. Entries closed.

August 11, at Wye,— Kent Honey Show.
Thirty classes, half of which are open to U.K.
Four Silver Cups and 75 other prizes. Schedules,
Mr, A. Lepper, Wye. Entries close August 1.

August 14 and 16, at Cannock, Staffs.—
Eight open classes for honey, etc Prizes value
£12, Schedules from J. Bird, Secretary, "Glen-
may," Allport Road, Cannock.

August 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal prizes.
—Schedules from Mr. P. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammel
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

August 14, at Iilanelly.— Carmarthenshire
B.K.A. Show, in connection with the Llanelly and
District Horticultural Society's Show, Liberal
prizes (nearly £15) offered for Honey, Wax,
and Appliances. 15 Classes (7 Open).— Schedules
from R. Lloyd Roberts, London Joint, City and
Midland, Llanelly. Entries close August 6.

August 18 and 19, at Coventry.— Warwick-
shire Bee-keepers' Association, in connection with
the County Agricultural Show, Lectures on both
days.— Schedules from Mr. J, R, Ingarthorpe,
Knowle, Warwicks.

August 18 and 19, at Derby.— Derbyshire
B.K.A. Honey Show to be held on the grounds
of the Derbyshire Agricultural Society. Two Open
Classes. Three Cups in Members' Classes.— Secre-
tary, F. Meakin, 37. Pybus Street, Derby.
Entries close August 4.

August 25, at Chester.- Cheshire Bee-
keepers' Association, in connection with Cheshire •
Agricultural Society. Several Open Classes. Good
prizes. — Schedules from Thos. A, Beckett, St,
Werburgh Chambers, Chester,

August 25, at Prestbury, Cheltenham.—
Flower, Fruit and Honey Show. Open Class for
single 1-lb. ja<r of honey. Several classes open tojjee-
keepers living within a radius of 12 miles.— Sche-
dules from A. H. Bowen, Coronation Road,
Cheltenham. Entries close Augus1^ 18.

August 28, at Hounslow,— Hounslow and
District Allotment Holders' Association Second
Annual Exhibition of Vegetables and Fruit. Honey
exhibits under the control of the Twickenham and
Thames Valley B.K.A. Open Classes for single
bottle and section.— Schedules from Mies Ml Byait,
" Hawthorn," Hanworth, Middlesex,

Saturday, August 28, at Hinckley,—
Leicestershire and Rutland Bee-keepers* Associa-
tion, in connection with Hinckley Flower Show,—
Open Classes for Honey, Sections and Jars, Prizes,
12s, 6d., 7s. 6d., and 4e. 6d. in each class. Judge,
J. Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.— Schedules from A.
Kimbrell, Esq., Clarendon Road, Hinckley.
Entries close August 23.

Steptember 8, 9 and 10.— Portsmouth B.K.A.
Honey Show, in conjunction with the Portsmouth
Allotment Holders' Show, at Connaught Drill Hall,
Portsmouth. Six Open Classes. Judge, W. Herrod-
Hempsall, P.E.S.— Schedules from Show Secretary,
Mr. J. Sinnett, 154, Essex Road, Southsea.

Saturday, September 11. — Fforest-Fach
Horticultural Society, Swansea. , Three Open
Classes for Honey, extracted and Sections. Help
to foster bee cult this end. 1st prizes, 10s.; 2nd
and 3rd in proportion.— Schedules ready from
G. L. Williams, Fforest-Fach, Swansea.

September 22.— Altrincham Show. Several
Open Classes for Honey and Appliances.— Sche-
dules from H. Turner, 1, Market Street, Altrin-
cham.

ITovember 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society, Thirteen open classes In Honey
Section. Schedules from Gio. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road, Worceoter. Entries oIom Vovem*
ber 6. ^^

July 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

369

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

On* Penny pT Word.

PRIVATE ADVEBTISEIMCElfTS.

EXTRACTOR, two Standard Frames, not geared,
good condition; offers.— 218, Brownhill Road,
Catford, S.E.6. S-n^

STRONG STOCK healthy Bees, 8 frames, £3 10s.,
with Claustral Hive £4 15s. j several Swarms,
4 to 8 frames, 7s. 6d. per ffame; two Cottage Hives,
256. each.— MRS. BRUCE CULVER, Broomfield
Hall, Swanley, Kent. g.l73

FOR SALE, a few strong, healthy Stocks on 10
bars, guaranteed healthy, £4 10s.— FRANK
SEAMAN, Sibsey, Boston. g.l75

FOR SALE, one 18-in. bevel-geared Extractor,
13-in. Ripener, one Uncapping Table with
trays, knives, etc., 12 crates of drawn^>ut Comb
Supers. Offers.— 14, Mill Road, Salisbury. r.g.l76

SPARE NUCLEUS, on 4 frames. 1920 Queen,
Simmins' strain, 45s.; also strong Stock
Hybrids, on 8 combs, 656.— JEFFERY, Pump House
Road, Barnt Green, Birmingham. g.l77

WANTED, an Italian Stock of Bees in good
straw skep. Give price.— C. GIBSON, Aspen
Ing, Wortley, Leeds. g.l78

FOR SALE, two 4-lb. July Swarms on 6 frames,
37s. 6d. each; two smaller ones on 4 frames,
278. 6d. each, carriage paid; boxes 76. 6d. each,
returnable.— "kNIGH'T, Kenwyn, Truro. g.l79

W"D r\ PATTERN HIVES, never used,
.JJ.V.'. painted white, 10s. and 15s. each.
Honey Press, Foundation, Swarm Catchers, Sec-
tions, etc., at half cost.— THOS. THJRKILL,
Kirkby iMalzeard, Ripon. r.g.181

TWO STOCKS OF BEES, 10 frames, very strong,
ioT Sale, £4 each; one Stock of 8 frames, £3;
guaranteed healthy; carriage paid; boxes, return-
able, lOs.— BISSET, Broadwater, Worthing. g.l82

STRONG, healthy Stocks of Italian Hybrids and
pure Dutch; overstocked.— REV. COOPER,
102, Elers Road, Ealing. g.l83

SECOND-HAND Bee Hives and Appliances, all
in excellent condition, cheap to clear; no
disease; list.— J. MILLARD, Old Churchstoke,
Churchstoke, Mont. g.l84

SURPLUS STOCKS, Italian, vigorous, £4 lOs.,
carriage extra; box returnable.- DR. JONES,
Peatling Magna, Leicester. g.l85

WILL EXCHANGE for this season's Honey
two Hives in first-class condition, with anti-
ewarming chambers and supers to take 20 standard
and 20 shallow frames, painted, and guaranteed
free from disease.— D. M. CUTHBERTSON, Fin-
mere, Buckingham. g.l86

WA. WOODS, Normandy, near Guildford,
• has for Sale, owner leaving, ten strong
Stocks in good hives on standard frames, 10' and
12 in each, four with two racks of shallow frames,
others with one and two section racks, and
excluders to all; three July Swarms in large new
Skeps; two Smokers, Veils, Gloves, etc. Can
remain till end of heather if required. Price
£47 lOs. g.l87

STRONG lO-frame Stocks Hybrid Bees, supers
just removed, with this year's Queens, 55s.,
carriage paid; boxes to be returned.— VINCENT,
132, Croydon Road, Anerley, S.E. g.l88

SIX STOCKS OF BEES on 10 frames. 608. each,
— OXBORROW, Kirby, Essex. g.i89

TT'OR SALE, Light Cambridgeshire Honey, £9 10s.
-L per cwt.; sample 6d.— WELLS & CO., Bowers
Lane. leleham, Cambs. gj.93

SEVERAL Stocks of Hybrid Italians, Penna
strain, 1920 Queens, 10 frames, healthy, £4 10s..
carriage paid; 10s. refunded on box.— HUNT. 14,.
King's Road, Cardiff. g.l90

PROPERTY SOLD, must sell, small Apiary, six
strong, healthy Stocks, supered in new hives,
two 4-frame Nuclei; Extractor, cog geared, only
used one season. Seen by appointment.— Par-
ticulars, W. BARNES, Exning, Newmarket. g.l94

STRONG STOCK, 10 frames, packed bees, brood
stores, £4 4s.; box, returnable, lOs.— MISS
GRAHAM, Woner&h, near Guildford. g.l95

FOR SALE, new Light Lincolnshire Honey, finest
quality, £8 8s. cwt.— WILLIS, New Leake,
Boston. g.l97

USEFUL SUNDRIES TO CLEAR.-Cottage
Extractor, 303. (cost 473.); Queen Excluders,
three 4s. 6d.; three empty Cottage Hives (healthy).
156. eaeh; Wide Ends, 4d. dozen; empty Shallow
Crates, 2s.; Section Racks, 2s. 6d. Particulars,
stamp.— H. BOWEN, Pittville Street, Cheltenham.

g.l98

FEW surplus Virgins, good hybrid strain, price
3s. 6d. — EVANS, Lattiford, Wincanton,
Somerset. g.l99

SPLENDID White Clover Honey, £2 cwt.;
sample 6d.— ALBERT COB, Apiarist. Ridge-
well, Halstead, Essex. g.200

DUTCH CROSS, wonderful workers, two 4-framo
Nuclei, £2 106. each; two 8-frame Stocks,
£3 15s. each.— ALBERT COE, Apiarist, Ridgewell,
Halstead, Essex. g.201

SALE, Observatory Hive, standard, shallow and
sections. Few 1920 fertile Italian Queens,
9s. 6d., by return.— FROST. Sandyford, Stone.
Staffs. g.202

A FEW surplus Stocks Bees for Sale on 8 combs,
price 70S.-HEATHERLAND8 BEE FARM,
Thursley, Godalming. g.203

FOR SALE, eight frames of Bees and Queen,
Italians, carriage paid, box to be returned,
3 gs.— HAGUE, Ribby Road. Kirkham. Lanes.

g.204

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE, Marl-
borough. e.205

FOR SALE, cheap, strong, healthy Stocks, new
4-frame reversible Cowan, Ripeners, Foun-
dation, Wire, Frames, Hives, Electric Embedder,
etc. Particulars, stamp.— GEORGE, Oak Drive,
Oswestry. g.206

EIGHT STOCKS HYBRIDS, 1920 Queens, 10
frames, guaranteed healthy, £2 17s. 6d. each,
£22 the lot; 50 drawn-out Shallow Frames, Is. 6d.
each. Selling owing to removal.- F. HOOD,
Horton. Slough. g.207

STRONG STOCK on 10 frames, with hive com-
plete, 1920 Queen, £5; exchange Indian Runner
Ducks.- WILLIAM JENNINGS, Flackwell Heath,
near High Wycombe, Bucks. g.208

OVERSTOCKED.— For Sale, lH strong Colonies,
six pure Italians and six Hybrids, also two
3-frame Nuclei, 1920 Queens, from Penna's strain;
I have never had disease, all are splendidly strong,
and in fine condition for the heather; £61 the lot,
or near offer, f.o.r.; boxes returnable. Can be
viewed by appointment. — CURTIS HART,
P.R.H.S., Newgate Street, Hertford. g.221

FINEST Golden Clover Honey; sample 6d.—
NORTH, Cressing, Braintree, Essex. g.223

EIGHT STOCKS of Bees and Hivea, 10 W.B.C.
pattern Hives, 120 Shallow Bare and Boxes.
What offers? Can be seen at any time.— S. WIL-
LIAMS, Danygraig House, Ghysmaerdy Road,
BiitoQ Ferry. gJ27

370

THE BRITISH BEE JOTJBNAL. July 29, 1920.

BEES, immuae etrain, six colonies each on eight
well-fiUed W.B.C. frames, £3 per stock.
Satisfaction guaranteed. CasJi with, order. Imme-
diate delivery.— WARD, Stoughton, Emsworth.
^ r.g.l29

SURPLUS STOCKS healthy Bees, £4; June
Swarms on frames, 50s.— JEWITT, " Henaall,"
Whitley Bridge, Torks. r.g.131

WANTED, ten lots Driven Bees, guaranteed
healthy, 10 Nuclei, also 20 young fertile
queens.— LOUDON, Strathaven. g.l72

CAN SPARE a few 6-frame Stocks, headed by
Italian Queens, very prolific, £3 10s., carriage
paid. A customer says : " Bees are doing very
well. Send three more stocks."— URIAH WOOD,
Arnold, Notts. g.l36

SEVERAL strong Stocks of Bees and a variety
of Appliances for Sale. Stamp reply.—
GEORGE, Oak Drive, Oswestry. g.l39

SALE, single-walled Hives, 56. 6d. upwards;
approval.— HUNT, Bank Street, Somercotes,
Alfreton. r.f.67

SURPLUS.— Three Stocks of healthy Bees on 8
combs, £4 each, carriage extra.— L. DAVEY,
Mawneys, Romford. g.l53

SACRIFICE— BEES.— Twenty strong Stocks, 10
frames, £3 per stock; crate 10s., returnable.
Room wanted.— GITTINGS, Bleak House, Bleak
Hill, Plumstead Common. g.l56

THE CARMARTHENSHIRE BEE-KEEPERS'
ASSOCIATION invite applications from bee-
keepers in the county for Lectures and Demon-
strations in Bee-keeping.— Apply to W. COMERT,
Hon. Sec, 15, New Road, Ammanford. r.g.l56

BUSINESS ADVEBTISIIMIUrTS.
IJd. per word.

FAMOUS HYBRID QUEENS, lOs. 6d.; extra
selected, 12s.; August delivery. An excellent
opportunity to obtain high-class breeding stock
from Cotswold out apiaries.— LIEUT. BOWEN,
Queen Breeder, Cheltenham. g.l80

ITALIAN HYBRID QUEENS.— Fertiles, lOs.;
virgins, 36. 6d.— TICKELL, below. g.l92

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, some stores, plenty of brood,
and packed with bees, 40s., carriage paid; box
10s., returnable.- TICKELL, below, v g.l92

FRAMES made up and wired, standard or IJ-in.
shallows, 8s. 6d. dozen; complete with foun-
dation, 166.; drawn shallow combs, wired, drone,
18s. dozen; all carriage paid.— JACK TICKELL,
Westbourne Apiary, Cheltenham. g.l92

PURE ITALIANS, 1920 Penna imported Queene,
6 fram^, 60s., 8, 70s., 10, eOs., carriage paid;
boxes returnable; Hybrids 10s. less; 1920 Hybrid
Queens, 7s.— WADHAM, Gold Street, Cardiff.

r.g.210

HAVE only a few 6-, 8-, or 10-frame Stocks left;
four very fine 1920 Italian Queens to epare;
guaranteed healthy. Stamp reply.— CROWE,
Merriott, Crewkerne. g.l91

A FEW 1920 fertile Queens, dark hybrid, 58.
each.— ASHWORTH, Weymouth Street, War-
minster. - g.l96

FOR SALE, 6-, 8-, or 10-frame Stocks Italian
Beee, 1920 Queen, 10s. per frame; had no
disease.— Box 97, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2. g.a09

FEW STRONG NUCLEI for immediate delivery
(weather permitting), crowded with bees, brood
and stores, 1920 Queens, hybrids; exceptionally
good strain; perfectly healthy; Inspection invited;
3 combs, 40s.; 4 combs, 503.; 6 combs, 60s.; box lOs.
extra, returnable.- STEVENSON, Thames View
Apiary, Flackwell Heath, Bucks. r.g.222

HEALTHY DRIVEN BEES, with Queen, 10s.
per lot, carriage paid; boxes returnable. Casii
with order. Orders in rotation.— PULLEN, Rams- '
bury, Hungerford. r.g.211

VIGOROUS ITALIAN HYBRID. Stocks and
Nuclei, with 1920 Queene, lOS. 6d. frame, car-
riage paid; box 10s., returnable.— ALFD. RYALL.
Elcombe, Stroud. g.212

HYBRID ITALIAN 4-frame Nuclei, 456., car-
riage paid; fine dieease-iesistin^ strain. —
HOWLETT, 138, Seaforth Avenue, New Mialden.

g.213

EXCEPTIONALLY FAVOURABLE VACANCY
occurs under infl.uential management ' lor
thoroughly experienced practical Bee-keeper, pre-
ferably with some business experience; must under-
stand all branches of work and have initiative;
good salary and very attractive prospects. State
full personal qualifications, age, and bee-keeping
experience. Travelling expenses of interview,
London, paid to suitable applicant*. — Box 98,
B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London,
W.C.2. g.214

ITALIAN QUEENS from Penna's queen, virgins
4s., fertile 9s. 6d.: Hybrid Italians, virgins
3s. 6d., fertile 86. 6d.; Hybrid Stocks on 4 frames,
50s.; box, returnable, lOs.- WARD, Deeside
Nursery, West Kirby. ■ r.g.SLd

WANTED, Stevenson Skyscraper Hives; must
be good condition and free from disease;
good price given.— Box 99, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2. r,g.216

1 Q9n FERTILE (Italian Hybrids) Queens;
A.U^j\J wonderful strain; a limited number now
ready; prices, 10s, 6d., selected, others 86. 6d. —
HOSEGOOD, 26, Purley Park Road, Purley,
Surrey. g.217

QUEENS.— 1920 home-bred Italians, delivery by
return, 10s. 6d. each.— GOATH COTTAGE
APIARY, Endlebury Road, Chingford. g.ai8

QUEENS, English or Italian, 1920, fertile lOs.,
virgin 5«., sent by post. Neither etrain had
disease.— JACKSON (Certificated Expert), Post
O'^e, Bleasby, Notts. g.219

STOCKS OF ITALIANS on 10 frames, ready for
eupering, £4; boxes 126., returnable. Money
returned if not satisfied.- HENSLEY, Luton
Apiary, Queen's Road, Chatham. g.220

SURPLUS.— Nuclei, Hybrids, crowded, 1920
Queens, very prolific strain, 303.; box lOs.,
returnable; immediate.— F. BIGGE, Tyburn, Bir-
mingham. r.g.l45

DUTCH NUCLEI, 3-, 4-, S-frames, 1920 Queens.
96. frame; well stocked; box lOs., returnable.
—ANDREWS, 78a, Westgate, Peterborough. g.l64

FOR SALE, iinmediate delivery, 10-frame Stock,
£4 7s. 6d.; 8-frame, £3 15s.; 4-frame, £2 5s.,
with Penna 1920 Queens. Others cheaper. Dis-
count for number of Stocks.— ASHWORTH, Wey-
mouth Street, Warminster. g.l66

QUEENS, Italian and English, 1920, lOs.;
Nuclei, strong, 4 frames 50s., 3 frames 409.,
carriage paid. Stamp reply. — HOLLINGS-
WORTH (First Class Expert), Heanor. g.l69

NUCLEI, 1920 fertile Italian Queens, 6 frames
brood, 636.; boxes 7s. 6d., returnable. Satisl-
faction guaranteed. Over 36 years* experience. —
J. CLARKE, Mill Road, Marlpool, Derbyshire.

g.m

4-FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 50s.; box charged 10s., returnable;
6-frame Stocks, 70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 903. Imme-
diate delivery (weather permitting). Italian
fertile Queens, lOa. 6d. English Run Honey and
Sections wanted.— LBB, " I<ittle Bowden Apiary,"
Burgess Hill, Sussex. r4r'U4

July 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL

371

VERT strong Nnclei, Italian Hybrids (Sim-
mins*), 4 frames packed bees, brood, stores,
with tested 1920 Queens, guaranteed healtliy, 4Se.,
carriage paid; box lOs., returnable.— HO WLETT,
" Sylvabefle," Tring^ g.ll6

EE8.— BROOKS, Carnation Specialist, 9,
Dudley Road, FincWey. r.g.98

B

IMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS, Us. 6d. each;
selected Hybrids, 9s.; English, 7s. Safe
delivery guaranteed. Catalogue free.— O. T.
OVERTON & SONS. Crawley. r.g.79

CHOICE home-reared Italian Queens, lOs.:
Virgins, As. 6d.; July-September.- MISSES
PALING & PILLANS. Golden Square, Henfield,
Suseex. ' r.g.82

STRONG 3-FRAME NUCLEI, 1920 fertile
Queens, 30s.; box 5s., returnable; Stocks on 8
frames, 60s; boxes lOs., returnable.— W. WOODS,
Normandy, near Guildford. g-63

VIRGIN QUEEN8-THE WELSH APIARY
STRAIN.— Hybrid Italian, guaranteed bred
from ihighly prolific stock, never Ihad " I.W." D. in
apiary, the Queens to revitalise your stock, hardy
and virile, 5s. each.— LT.-COLONEL WEAVER
PRICE, Welsh Apiary, Ashgrove. Brecon, S.
Wales. if.&.tfS

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt delivery;
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing stock, August-September.— ATKINSON.
FakenJiam. r.g.24

" TTTIGHT '• DISEASE, prevention and removal;

TT advice 68.— ALFD. RTALL. Kenwood

Apiary, Elcombe, Stroud. r.f.l61

-iQOrv FERTILE Ctolden Italian Queens,
JLu^jyj guaranteed imported direct from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, 10s. each;
specially selected, 14s.— GOODARE, New Cross,
Wednesfield. f.69

"TSLH OP WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

-L UM the eolation that cores; as. per bottle.—

B. PRESSET, et. Elmo, Couledon. r.d.l49

DUTCH BEES. Skeps (as imported from Hans
Matthee), Nuclei, Queens. Illustrated Cata-
logue on request, containing points on manage-
ment.—3ny direct from Sole Agent. WHYTE, Bee
Farmer, Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire. b.61

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.
E. PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY.

I assume again the direct sale of my queens.
Special offers from July 10 till countermanded.
For queens in lots of 4 at a time £1 8s. Cash
with orders. Payment by cheques or British
Postal Orders. International Money Orders
are not accepted. I do not hold myself
responsible for the queens that are not sent
by me direct to customers. All orders should
be sent direct to me. In May the queens
dead in the journey have been less than 1 %

ORDERS BOOKED IN ROTATION.

HAVE TOU READ "THS BBB WORLD "f
If not, why not? Every nnmber in Itsell it
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— OfI5ce« : THE APIS CLUB.
Port Hill HouM, Benaon, Ozob.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Itsily.

Address :

Signor Gaetano Plana,
Castel San Pietro,
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,

9/- each queen.
Can take no more orders for June & July. Booked up.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B,B,J."
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ," and
" B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o Britisli Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C^.

Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."
THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W.'-HERXlOD-HEMFSAIiIi, 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, lK)ndon, W.C.2.

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams BuUdings, LONDON. E.C.2.

POSITIVE FACTS. jum i^th, 1920.

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the bick of the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in i6 x lo frames.

_. «4l Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY,

lUuatrated Lists frte by post.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary.lBROMLEY, Kent.

372

THE BRITISH DEE JOUBNAL. July 29, 1920.

3?i XXX#C#?XXX9^#(#CX#Cj^#CjC#^9^X#C9C#^X#(9^#%9(9C9C#%XXXX

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eamloldn Queens.

We have been appointed sole agents in the United Kingdom for Mr. Jan
Strgar, the famous breeder of pure Carniolan Alpine bees. Queens will be sent
by registered post direct,Jo customers from his apiary, which is the first and
largest in Carniola.

1 Selected and Tested Queen — August delivery, 12s. 6d. post free.
6 „ „ Queens— „ „ £3 0 0,,

Cash with order. Guaranteed Safe Delivery.
Dead queens replaced if returned in original packing 24 hours after their arrival.
So far the pfercentage of loss in transit has been nil.

Q We have tested to our satisfaction these noted bees, and have already
supplied them to several responsible establishments, including the Middlesex
Restocking Apiary.

*** There is no advantage in late re-queening. There is a double gain in
immediately giving your order.

ADMINSON LTD. (^pKrists) BENSON, OXON.

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^XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX)^

insxjrje: your stocks

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in *'Yadil'* Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. sojution in tdpid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

BARGAINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING.

Khaki Serge Riding Breeches,

good condition .. .. .. pair 12/6

Bedford Cord Biding Breeches,

good condition , 9/6

New Bedford Cord Officers' Breeches „ 42/-
New Cord Riding Breeches, strapped „ 22/6
Blue Serge Trousers, for Working

iMen „ 12/6

Blue Serge Trousers, as new .. „ 14/-
Blue Serge Trousers, new .. .. „ 21/-
Khaki Drill Trousers, all sizes .. „ 7/6
Khaki Drill Jackets, with pockets each 7/6
Army re-soled Boots, all sizes .. nalr 12/6

Army Rubber Ground Sheets 72 x 36, brass
eyelets, good condition, 2 for 9/-, 4 for 16/-

Large Canvas Cart Covers about 6ft. square,
with brass eyelets, 7/6 each. These are
useful for making Tents or Camping Outfits.

Black Rubber Combination Suits, all sizes,
complete -with Sou'wester, 25/- each; cost
Government 63/-.

New Heavy Black Boots made specially for
outdoor workers, 21/- pair.

Large Australian Wool Blankets, 26/- pair-
bargains.

New Full-size Army Grey Wool Blankets, 35/-
Best bargain in Blankets ever offered.

SPECZAI. OFPEB FOB THIS HOT WEATHER :-

Khaki Drill Suits, Officers' quality, complete with pockets, 20/- per suit.
Khaki Drill Suits, another quality, complete with pockets, 14/- per suit.

SACAR'S (Universal) STORES (Dept. 27), ARDWiCK, MANCHESTER.

A Necessity on all Hives all
the Year Round.

SUPER CLEARER.
QUEEN EXCLUDER.
WINTERING BOARD,
&c.

SEND FOR KAT.ALOG

MEADOWS, Syston, Leicester.

July 29, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL. in

DAD ANT'S
WEED FOUNDATION.

THIS Foundation is made from
pure Beeswax and guaranteed
free from, all disease germs.

Give your bees the BEST, and the
best is DADANT'S.

No acids of other chemicals are
used in the manufacture, and the
makers guarantee that " EVERY
INCH, EVERY POUND, EVERY
TON, is equal to any sample ever
sent out."

We have just received a fresh con-
signment, and are in a position to
give immediate despatch.

Rear healthy bees on clean, natural
combs.

None genuine without the water-
mark "DADANT" on every sheet.

Our Catalogue, entitled ''Everything for an Apiary,"
is sent post free on Application.

I R. STEELE & BRODIE,

= Bee Appliance Makers,

I WORMIT, FIFE.

71

w

THE BRITISH BEE JPtTRNAIi. July 29, 1920.

ntmtmxiyxmxntmnwxnmxyix^^

tti'% fiee Supplies.

f]| In design, material and workman-
■^ ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain
the reputation of being your best and
safest investment.

a a M
Cf Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE is yours for the asking. It
contains detailed information on the
most up-to-date hives and appliances
for which the House of Lee is famous.

5

I

a a a J4

fj We regret the necessity of having JlJ

" to advise our Customers that owing W

to the increased cost of production, all w

prices in 1920 price list are subject to vli

10% increase. The increase will not M

apply to orders received before May 10. TX

•^* Five per cent discount to Members of cS
THE APIS CLUB. M

JAMES LEE & SON, §

(Telegrams: Graphicly. Uxbridge. Telephone: (Jzbridge 181.) W

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

Telephone: (Jzbridge 181.

LTD.

((

RACTEROI '

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

The cure for, and preventive ofi

*' Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

Post Free. Menley House, Hatton Garden, E.Cl.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

20-Page 1920 '* WHITE STAR" List,

S^d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND. HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manufacture of bee-
appliances, and therefore my prices will be advanced 10% from May 10th. Books excepted.

Peinted by the Avenue Peess (L. Upoott Giu- & Son, Ltd.), 56-57, Dkuey Lane, London, W.C, and
Published fob the Pbopbietoe (W. Herbod-Hempsall), bv Simpein, Marshau, (Hamilton,
Kent & Co., Ltd., SI & 22, Patebnostbb Bow, E.C.

Bbitibh Bib Joubnal and Bn-ERpnts* Adtiskb, August 5, 19^.

I.Ife^

1 ? ]m

No. 1989. Vol. XLVIII

AUC4UST 5, 1920.

iPublished every Thursday, Price 2d.

CO nrrr JB Mr rr s.

PAUK

Earlv Bee-keeping in Herefordshire 373

A Dorset Yarn 374

Notes on Bee-keepino 374

Healthy Bee-keepino 375

Swarm Preventer and Drone Trap 376

Wild Bbe Hunting in Australia 377

Royal Show Fund 377

Correspondence—

rraternity Among Bee-keepers 378

.^ Larger Frames 378

Increasing Stocks in Autumn 379

Bee-keepers' Conference at "The Royal" .. 379

Remedies for Ants 379

Present Day Foundation 379

A Beginner's Experience 379

A Note from Surrey 380

Is This a Record? 380

Prolific Swarming 380

A New Disease 380

Superstition Regarding Bees 381

Introducing Italian Queens to Dutch Bees 381

Bees in "Big Bertha" 381

Notices to Correspondents 381

Bee Shows to Come 381

We have just received a consignment of

Lewis Superb Snow White Basswood

SEOXIONS

Which we are oflfering at the moderate figure of
catalogue price, plus 15%.

As this essential branch of Beeware is likely to
increase in price next season we strongly advise our
customers to purchase with a view to the future.

HONEY BOTTLES

lib., actual size.
We are in a position to give prompt delivery of
honey bottles. These are of the finest quality.

Price - 1-lb. 55/- per gross.

»> 2"lh» 47/- ,, ,,

Reductions for LARGE quantities.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

1\

THE BRrilSH BEE JOITTiyAL. Aug, 5, 1920.

THE

British Bee JournaE

Office : 2', Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

A Vr .-ekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edlte^n hy T. W. COWAIT, P.L.S., &C.,
and J. HERROD-KEIVEPSAIiIi, F.E.S.

Oorrespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All ^matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., shoold be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all basiness communications and matters
relating to subscriptionB and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
OflSce.

Sabsorlptions. - Annual Subscription,
lUs. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2i.,or 2^d. post free. If a receipt ia required
ly post, a stamped and addressed envelope
umst be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounta up to 2a.
Hatfpennjf stamps are preferred.

. Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commiasion
charged by banks for caching them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and most
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogaes to advertisers a the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yoa are advised to insist on this being used wben
dealing witb strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to gave trouble, it it requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit Syttem of trading.

Ooods should not be despatcJied nntil notice that
the money has been deposited ia received from
thia ofGce.

1. aiethod.— When strangers are dealing
together, the pnrchase-money of the articles is
deposited at onr office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
nntil we are satisfied that the pnrcha4se is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, lese a cli»rge of ^

fier cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
he expenses ot Post OfClce Orders and
postage, ftc. Oafih will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
ve return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers end sellers
are eecared against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempeall, and croesed "London
County and Weetminater Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any lose thai may
«ccur in tranait.

3. Eoney on Approval.— All honey will b« aoM
by aample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us wben sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.- These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far aa price,
Ac. go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— Theee are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by tHe vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trana-
action most pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cafih in full must be sent with order.

A Modern Bee Farm

Advanced Bee Culture
(Hutchinson)

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett)

BEE-XEEPZNG SIMFLZFIED
FOB THE COTTAGER AJUH
SIIiIAIiIiHOI.D£R (W. Hebrod-
Heufsaix, F.E.S.)

BBITZSK BEE • XEEPEBS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. CowiN)

Paper covers

Cloth covers

Dissectible Model of Queen
Bee

FEBTZI.XSATZON OF FBUIT
BI.OSSOaiS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan)

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ...

Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks)

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock)

Management of Out Apiaries

Pollination of Fruit In rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hooper, F.R.H.S.)

FRODUCIITG, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Herroo-Hempsall, F.E.S.)

Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-
lett) ]

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen)

Scientific Queen Rearing
i(Doolittle)

The Bee-keepers' Vade Mecum
(Geary)

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening

The " Townsend " Bee Book ...

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ...

MISCEI.LANEOUS.

Maeterlinck's Iiife of the Bee
The Iiore ot the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER EDWARDES)

THE BEE WORI.D (supplied
only to members of Associations
interested in the control and
development of the Apis Club,
apart from ordinary members of
the latter), per copy

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(TiCKNER EdWARDES)

7/6

6/.
5/-

1/-

Poetage
... 8id.

... 6id.
... 4d.

2d.

2/6
3/6

.. 3d
.. 4d

4/6

.. 3d.

-/3
-/6 .
-/2 .

.. Id.
.. Id.
.. Id.

5/- .
3/-

.4id
.. 2d

-/6

Id.

2/-

... 3d.

0/6 .

.. Bid.

1/6

.. 2d.

4/. .

.. 3^d.

2/6

... 8d.

-/6
2/6

2/- .

.. Id.
.. 2d.
.. 2id.

5/-

.. 3d.

2/. .

.. 2Sd.

-/8
7/6

... l§d.
... 4id.

British Bee Jonrnal & Record Office,

3S. BBDFOBD ETrBBBT, STBAND, LONDON, W.Qt.

Aug. 5, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

373

Early Bee-Keeping in
Herefordshire.

One of tlie most interesting subjects for
the study of modern bee-keepers is that
of early bee-keeping, not only in a general,
but in a local sense. Many counties can
lay claim to either some ancient bee-
keeper or writing or custom worthy of
note, if some histoiian oould be found to
undertake the necessary research work.
This has been done for Herefordshire by
Mr. A. Watkins, J. P., F.E.P.S., and the
result of his labours was given in a paper
read for his retiring address as President
of the well-known Woolhope Naturalists"
Field Club, which has its headquarters - 1
Hereford. Mr. Watkins very kindly sent
the paper on to us for publication, and it
was printed in *^ f ull in the Eecord for
July.

, Space — or the want of it — proh^iiils
printing the full text, but we give tho
following extracts : —

That variety of bee known as the hive-
bee is probably indigenous to Great
Britain. I can find no information to the
contrary, and no suggestion that the
Romans introduced it, as they did
pheasants and other fowls. Our local bee
is not quite the same as the varieties
in and about Italy, but identical with the
bee of Northern and Middle Europe.

Records of bees, hives, and honey come
early in the Anglo-Saxon period, and the
Normans did not supply the words bee,
hive, honey, wax, which all come from
roots common to original Teutonic and
Northern European languages. Although
in modern Welsh, the words bee and bee-
hive are Celtic (gwenyn and cwch-
gwenyn), the words for honey and wai
(mel and cwyr) are of Latin origin. This
suggests that in Romano-British days,
Britain produced and traded in both pro-
ducts long before Hengest and Horsa
landed the first of the Engleland and
Saxon invaders in 449 a.d.

It is certainly a fact that in the time
of Domesday, it is the Welsh tenants — as
in Archenfield — who chiefly pay their cus-
tomary rents in honey, and they descend
from the Celts whom the Romans found in
Britain.

RETAININO SWARMS.

In Cockayne's Laecedom, a book of
charms in Anglo-Saxon, there is a charm
for preventing a swarm (ymbe) of bees
going oflF to the woods — obviously from a
hive at the homestead. It gives instruc-

tions: " Take earth, throw it up with
thy right hand from under thy right
foot," and a long formula to be recited,
of which part of the end reads: "Sit
down, victory women, sink to the earth,
never to fly wild to the woods."

BEE LAW.

Let me here touch upon a fascinating
aspect of bee law which goes back even
earlier than Anglo-Saxon times. There is
from the first a fundamental difiference in
English law between wild and domesti-
cated animals. In wild animals their pro-
perty does not lie in man but in the
animal itself, and man cannot acquire a
property -in such animal except by re-
ducing it into his possession. As Black-
stone puts it, "in animals ferse naturse
a man can have no absolute property,
but in such as are of a tame nature and
domestic, a man may have an absolute
property."

The curious thing about bees is that
those in hives partake both of the
domestic and wild nature, while those
established in woods are wholly wild.
When bees swarm, therefore, it is a toss
up whether they settle within their
owner's reach and remain his property,
or make a bolt for it and become either
free, or the property of whoever may
hive them.

Until afte;- the Conquest, honey, being
ijhe only sweet available, was of first
importance, wax was considered indispen-
sable for the candles of church services,
and mead or metheglen (made from honey)
was largely drank. Sugar was unknown
until the first crusaders tasted the pro-
duct from sugar canes growing on the
plains of Tripoli. The use of sugar then
increased until, in 1289, the Household
Roll of Swinfield, Bishop of Hereford,
makes it clear that it had taken the place
of honey in upper-class households, for
(classifi*ed with spices) it was purchased
in quantities from dealers in Hereford
and Ross, and honey is never mentioned.
As surnames in Herefordshire I find
Henry le Meleward, temp. Ed. 1st; John
Honywode, temp. Ed. IV., and, Bee, Honey
and Honey field in recent days. As place
names. Bannister records Honeymoor
Common (Madley) and Huniesmedewe in
the county.

EARLY HIVES.

The earliest bee-hives (rusca) were evi-
dently sections of hollow tree or made
from bark cylinders. But it is clear
that " skeps " of straw or basket work
of twigs (plastered with mud) soon took
their place, and one or other of these
were general until the 18th century.
Southerne's book on bees, 1593 (printed
partly in black letter and the second Eng-
lish book on bees, that of Thomas Hyll,
1568, being the first) assumes the hives

374

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 5, 1920.

to be of straw, but mentions that in some
places they are " made of twigges " plas-
tered over. This last type was not ex-
tinct until my time, and I was fortunate
in taking a photograph in the " eighties "
of hives at the back of the water mill
at Upton (on the Worcestershire border
near Brimfield), woven of strands of wood-
bine anjj coated with cow-dung and mud.
Storifying boxes were used by Sir Chris-
topher Wren in 1654, and described by
Gedde in 1675.

roCAL BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Evans, John, M.D. " The Bees," a
poem in 4 books (3 only published),
Shrewsbury, 1806, 1808, 1813.
Bevan, Edward, M.D. " The* Honey

Bee," London, 1827, 1838.
Jones, J. " The Eclectic Hive," direc-
tions for management of, Hereford,
1843. And the following pamphlets :
Bevan, Edward, M.D. "History and
Management of the Honey Bee," two
lectures, Hereford, 1851.
Glinn, Mrs. H. " Beeswing's Advice to
Bee-keepers," Hereford, N.D. (about
1675) ; 3rd edition, 1877. -
Watkins, Alfred. " Lantern Beading "
(for set of 30 original photographs)
on Bees and Bee-keeping, London, 1st
edition, N.D.; 2nd edition, N.D.
As regards two of the above authors,
Dr. Evans's son became a Canon of Here-
ford Cathedral, and wrote the charming
" Songs of the Birds."

Dr. Bevan was a famous bee-man, and
his book is scholarly, sound, and the most
reliable and best, of its time. He lived at
one time at the Old Friars, Hereford, and
his bees were swept down the Wye in the
great flood of 1852.

The paper closes with a brief historical
sketch of the Herefordshire Bee-keepers'
Association, of which Mr. Watkins was
Secretary for many years.

A Dorset Yarn.'

In North Dorset, at Blandford, last
week, in connection with horticulture,
there was a fine exhibition of honey. The
classes were very keenly competed for, sec-
tions were beautifully finished and clean,
the extracted honey was very attractive
and the colours were varied, some was a
bit thin, but most of it was of great den-
sity. Some was exhibited by farmers'
sons; one of them (Farmer Old) said jt
was taken off before the limes were in
flow. It was, he assumed, from sainfoin,
which in that district grows freely. .It
was the best show of honey I have seen
for several years. So many say they have
very little surplus ; it was nice to meet so
many bee-keepers. The lecture and de-
monstration with bees carried out by Mr.

Herrod-Hempsall was much appreciated
by the bee-keepers of Dorset. In the
meadow by the Eiver Stour one could see
the beautiful woods of, Bryanstone Park.
Some of the trees are of immense girth
and height. Close to the river the soil
has been washed from the roots when the
river has been in flood. The wonderful
way that these roots have crossed and ^e-
crossed each other, and all grown together,
making an uneven floor of growing hark —
to the lover of nature it is most interest-
ing. Many writers assert that there is
as much below the soil as there is in 'the
branches. To see the roots in these woods
that are parallel with the river, one could
not see but that the old writers knew of
this very place. These woods have so
many trees from which bees get surplus
stores — huge chestnuts, cherries, limes,
etc. — that it must be a fine place for
them.

They tell me in these woods there are
many colonies of wild bees ; they have
found the trees that are hollow, they
have been cleaned out by the woodpeckers
at nei^ting ti.ue These sire ng-'jill-vl
birds carry out large pieces that bees could
not, so Nature wills it that the wild bees
should have a home prepared for them.
A few years ago I spent one whole day in
these delightful woods, with its miles of
drives, all beautifully kept and clean.
One never saw a human being, so gi*eat
a space do they cove'.', but all animatod
Nature is here in abundance. Truly this
is sublime. Of course, I kept to the
woods — did not go to the house, which is
said to cover three acres, or the stables,
which seem to cover the same area; but
in the woods one is alone with Nature —
so lofty the trees that the wind is only
in the tops. All seem to accompany ihe
music of thousands of birds and insects, —
J. J. Kettle,

Notes on Bee Keeping.

The weather has been treacherous of
late for our bees up here in the north.
Bad weather means no surplus. Bee-
keepers will find that some of their surplus
honey already stored in the supers will be
taken down by the bees into the brood
chambers, to feed the fast maturing
brood. In addition to this, bees kept
active indoors, and unable to take a
cleansing flight owing to climatic condi-
tions, is a sure source of disease.

Should not be surprised to hear of
another outbreak of disease similar to the
one in 1915, I see that Flavine is
mentioned as a cure for Isle of Wight
Disease. In my case it has been success-
ful during the active season, but the
disease has always returned to the same

Aug. 5, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTrRNAL.

375

hives during the dead season, wiping out
all stocks affected. I am rather inclined
to accept Zander's view, that once a
stock is affected with this malady it is
doomed — that is my experience with it.
We do not seem to hear of a good reliable
remedy as yet, that will effect a cure.
Are we sure that this So called new
disease is not Isle of Wight Disease under
a new guise? Does Isle of Wight Disease
ahoays show the germ matter of spores of
Nosema apis in every case? Our experts
do not seem to be agreed as to symptoms,
there seem to be many conflicting views on
the subject. Cooper, of the Isle of Wight,
told us in 1906, when investigating the
disease, that " the abdomen of the affected
bees is not distended in every case, while
the wings are often twisted back, with a
look of being dislocated." Then he
notices that since they became affected
with " paralysis," dysentery has devel-
oped. '' The most common symptom is
the presence of large numbers of crawling
bees with distended abdomens, in front
of a hive that is affected, and in many
cases the bees are affected long before
this stage is reached." Another report
states "The bees just hatched drag their
legs like the older ones, and some quite
young bees are found outside on the
ground dead." The abdominal distension
appears to result from inability to fly. The
loaded state may be a normal result of
long confinement during winter and wet
weather, and of the preparation of brood
food at other times ; this latter necessi-
tates a consumption of a large quantity
of pollen. The bee always voids its ex-
crement on the wing, even in violent
dysentery the bees seem to make an
attempt to save the comb from their ex-
creta, as the front, inside of the brood
chamber seems to be heavily soiled, more
than the cc^mbs. Evidence was found of
bees being affected with Nosema and yet
able to fly as stated above, and to defe-
cate. In some cases the affected bees
seem to lose control over the sphincter
miiscles of the bowels, so that the combs
and hives are heavily soiled with excre-
ment. Others have noticed that minute
quantities of excrement tipped the abdo-
men of both the worker and drone bees in
affected stocks. Have noticed drones,
especially this summer, in an affected
stock crawl out from the hive and dis-
charge a creamy substance on the flight
board before dropping on the ground.
Dysentery, for this reason, must always
be regarded with suspicion, as it is caused
bv ^n organism which sets up fermenta-
tion in the contents of the bowel.

The fceces from bees, if suffering from
dysenteryj vary in shade from cream to
dark brown. From accounts one can

glean that sometimes the loss of the
power of flight has been gradual, in other
instances it has developed suddenly.
Some bees collapse on the wing, others
make progress by short flights ; again
some try to fly from the alighting board,
jump forward and fall to the ground. In
some cases they seem aware of their in-
ability to fly, so creep towards the top
of the hive to get a better start, and fail
as the others did. Many beekeepers
attach great importance to the outstand-
ing wing as a never failing sign of Isle of
Wight Disease, but it can be found in
stocks in a normal condition, so undue
prominence ought not to b^ given to this
symptom. — P. Lythgoe, Padgate, War-
rington, Lanes.

Healthy Bee Keeping.

Rat! Tat! at the door.
" Queen bee, sir, by post."

"Bring her in. New blood for mother-
less stock," I said, " after two years."
That evening she was placed over plat-
form with trap shut, over feed hole of
honey board with elastic rings over ends
to keep firm. A porous quilt to allow air
of hive to surround her and her small
retinue. Here she remained until next
evening, when, lifting quilt and pushing
lever, I released her. A pleasant hum
sounded from the depths, the cage being
left till the morning, until bees finish
candy, then replaced by a slow feeder of
one's own honey. The hive was left alone
for a week. Pollen carrying began ; hive
working well.

After a week, gently lifting board and
quilts, one found eggs and brood. Some
drone brood, owing to queen not being
able to lay for some time, relieved herself
in this way, which gave the important
item of the drones she would throw in
the following spring, ensuring the large
drone and excellent queens. This impor-
tant re-queening is the essence of good
bee-keeping.

Keeping old blood means mongrels de-
velop. I have not time for rearing queens
at back of hives.

Mv advice. — Start with a good stock,
get large swarms in the early spring. By
so doing increase your stocks ready for
sale. Keep one strong stock for queens,
enabling; you to send out stocks with
young blood.

Use 12-frame hives, made by the best
makers, wide and airv, using wire ex-
cluders, air vent in floor boards, honey
boards and porous quilts. Spraying front
of hives with Rosamond spray three times
a day with dihited Bacterol defies ^1!
disease in hot weather. As little manipu-
lation as possible. Hives well tiered up

376

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

with shallow frames and sections some-
times prevents swarming. Carbolic sub-
duing cloth unrolled over brood just
enough to make them turn keeps clean
air, and dispel moth, with balls of naph-
thaline. This is a huge help.

Queens allowed on double supers, stan-
dard size, is asking for trouble and dirty
honey through too much walking over the
combs. Eemember the word "shallow."
Go to the best breeder for new queens.
You soon get known for your celebrated
stocks. Reducing to three stocks in
winter means clean hives for the spring,
more care and less to worry about, with
interesting winter months clearing up
and getting ready for the next bout at
the time of the song of the thrush, bloom,
and sunshine, which denotes a prosperous
year ahead, with bees and honey in large
demand. — Cyril Tredcropt.

Swarm Preventer and Drone
Trap.

In the days of the English bee,- one
had only to give room a little in advance
of the requirements of the stock, and
swarming would rarely happen. Now,
however, swarming is one of the worst
troubles a bee-keeper has to contend
against. All sorts of suggestions have
been made, and hives with non-swarming
chambers introduced (in these my bees
swarmed before those in ordinary hives
had thought of doing so), but, in spite
of all precautions, they have swarmed out,
leaving an empty super above the brood
chamber, an empty compartment below it,
and three sheets of foundation in the
middle of the brood nest itself.

Swarm catchers are cumbersome and
unsightly, and, besides, it is not the
swarm, but the queen, one has to catch.

The device I use is simplicity itself, and
is one any bee-keeper could contrive for
himself.

A piece of wire queen-excluder is cut
to fit the entrance of the hive; a brass
cone clearer is soldered on to the excluder,
and the wires passing beneath the clearer
are cut away, leaving a way into the
clearer as large as the clearer itself. A
piece of perforated zinc is bent round to
form a tube, and is soldered. The dia-
meter of the tube is the same as the large
end of the clearer. On one end of the
tube a piece of excluder is soldered. The
device is now fitted in front of the hive,
leaving no way for any bee to pass out
except through the excluder. The tube is
quite separate from the rest of the appli-
ance, and is now placed with its open end
over the brass clearer, and is held in
position with a wire hook.

Aug. 5, 1920.

Workers readily pass between the wires
of the excluder. They get used to it in
an hour or twoj their work is not in the
least impeded, no pollen is lost, and I
have been much surprised at the ease and
celerity with which they pass through.

Drones, finding their way barred by the"
excluder, go through the brass clearer into
the tube ; there they are trapped. Any
workers passing through the clearer
escape through ihe end of the tube ; in
fact, the perforated zinc I use is coarse
enough to allow workers to pass through
the perforations.

Should a queen attempt to lead a
swarm, she is trapped in the tube, and
the workers cluster round it. If a swarm

SWARM PREVENTER AND DRONE TRAP.

is wanted, cage the queen, and put her in
a skep close to the entrance ; the skep will
soon be full of bees, and the swarm can
be disposed of as desired. If a swarm is
not desired, cut out the uqeen cells and
put the queen back, cage and, all ; she can
be liberated in the evening; the workers
will follow.

By clearing the tube twice a day (the
drones die if left in the tube till even-
ing), and setting the pure Italian drones
free, and destroying others, I can main-
tain pure Italian drones in my apiary.

Aug. 5, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOTJENAL.

377

The liberated ones find their way into
other hives to which the device is not
attached, such hives being used for queen
raising.

I now fit runners to the entrance
of the hives, and slide the device in, so
that it can be taken in and out with ease.
As bees do most of their house-work at
night, I raise the device a little in the
evening. They can bring out the dead,
and clear any rubbish, but I slide it right
down in the morning. Bees only swarm
during the sunny hours of the day, and it
must be kept closed then. As any drones
are accepted, it does not follow that the
open hives are free from undesirable
drones, but they are exceedingly few in
number.^-L. Glasspole, Altona, Hock-
liffe Street, Leighton Buzzard.

Wild Bee Hunting in Australia.

By J. H. Lawrance.

"When on a prospecting tour in the back
blocks of New South Wales we camped
at a waterhole one day. I happened, to
notice a number of bees coming and going
at the edge of the water. I thought it
would be a good idea to have a day honey
gathering. My mates being agreeable,
we started the next day. Armed with
a feather and a piece of weed that exudes
a sort of milky substance when broken,
we proceeded to the waterhole. Having
selected a bee that was quietly drinking,
I plucked a bit of fluff off the feather, and,
touching it on the sticky weed, stooped
down and placed it on the back of the
bee between its wings. It immediately
rose, and made off in a straight line for
its hive. Being weighted with the fluff,
it could only fly slowly and at a height of
about six feet from the ground, so that
it was easy for us to follow, which we did,
my mates blazing (or chipping) a tree
here and there, so that we could find our
way to the hive when we came for the
honey. We followed the bee for about a
mile to a large hollow tree, where we could
eee the bees going in and out of a spout,
about 15 feet from the ground. Having
marked the tree, we made back to the
waterhole and repeated the process. Alto-
gether we located five hives.

We then went to our camp and got a
horse and cart, taking several kerosene
tins for buckets, also our axes, and then
made our way to the first hive. We soon
had our axes to work, and it was not long
before we had the tree on the totter; a
gust of wind gave it the finish, and down
it fell with a loud crash. We now had
to locate the place where the nest was,
as sometimes it is some distance from
where the bees enter. By putting our

ears close to the trunk of the tree and
listening, we soon found the spot by the
humming noise. We put a deep cut on
«ach side of it, and splitting the centre
out, the honey-comb was exposed. Of
course, the jar of the tree striking the
ground smashed some of the comb, lots
of bees being smothered in honey. We
soon raked it all out with our hands, fill-
ing a couple of our buckets. We got
istung a bit, but stuck to the job until we
finished it. I got a sting on the end of
my nose, which was very painful, also
between my fingers; one of my mates got
a sting in the eye, which made him dance
about for a while. We went on from one
hive to another until we had filled our
buckets. On getting back to camp, we
suspended the honey-comb in bags from
the branch of a tree, putting our big
prospecting dishes underneath to catch
the honey as it drained through the bags.

It was just about this time that we had
a plague of mice; thousands of them
seemed to come quite suddenly. I put a
stick in the mouth of a flour bag to hold
it open. On getting up in the morning I
grabbed it quickly, and found there were
quite a lot of mice inside. I shook them
in front of a little terrier dog belonging
to one of my mates. The dog got tired
of killing them, and at last would let
them run on him ; he must have killed
hundreds in a couple of days. I went
over to where we had suspended our
honey-comb to see how much honey we
had "^got from it. I found the dishes
nearly full, but to my disgust I found a
ring of tails round each dish. The mice
had got to the top of the dishes, slipped
in, and got smothered in honey, only
their tails showing out. I pulled them
all out. We boiled the honey and pre-
served it in tins, but I never told my
mates about the mice.

I may say that the bees are descended
from some originally imported from Eng-
land, and have multiplied and spread
over hundreds of miles of country. The
real Australian bee is much smaller and
has no sting, and is not much sought
after, the hives being very small.

Royal Show Fund.

Amount received
Anon. ...

£21 5 11
.110

£22 6 11

Sugar for Bee Fcod.

EKRVTUM.
In the address given for Denbighshire
" Dentre " should have been " Tentre."

378

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 5, 1920.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
foT the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faiths Illustrations should
he drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Fraternity Among Bee-Keepers.

[10296] May L try to show the con-
tinued existence of Fraternity among
Bee-keepers (10207)? I saw "Cross's"
advertisement, and owe him an apology;
from its wording I thought he was ' ' cadg-
ing." May I suggest that the wording
was unfortunate; the use of the word
" brother " in an advertisement rather
cpnnotes a begging letter."

May I give him my experience?

January, 1918. — Bought two second-
hand W.B.C. hives, but could not get any
bees locally till September, when I pur-
chased two stocks; as they were dead by
January I think I was not treated quite
fairly. This disaster told me I did not
know enough about bees — or bee-keepers —
so I joined the Cheshire B.K.A. (verhum
sap.), and found the Secretary most
encouraging and helpful. Among many
other kindnesses he introduced me to a
member, who sold me a fine stock in July.
1919, at a very low price. I next joined
the Apis Club, and wrote to one of its
members (unknown to me) about the Con-
queror Hive. This bee-keeper, in a large
way, with a great amount of work, has
given me in a series of long letters most
valuable advice, and lent me a score of
the latest and most expensive books,, as
well as hive plans.

My stock wintered well, but, working
for increase, I lost queens in mating, so
had four lots with only one queen that
was laying. I approached the bee master
T got the stock from. He explained he had
eleven nuclei immediately wanted, and
only two new queens mated, so could not
let me have a 1920 queen, but as I was in
diflfiiculties, would part with the queen
from which he was breeding, an excee^d-
ingly fine 1919 queen. He was very loath
to part with combs, but to prevent this
valuable tested queen from running the
risk of my introduction, he suggested I
should buy the three frames she was on at
a most reasonable figure. Whilst I was
trving to get queens I visited the apiary
of a friend, and after explaining the posi-
tion, he offered me a virgin from some

that were being sent him for experimental
work free of cost.

This morning another bee-keeper came
to see me with a virgin of a very good
strain; he had heard from our Secretary
that I was in straits, and hastened to
help. This gentleman came out to see
my bees 15 miles from his home, although
I had known him but a week.

I would like to mention these bee-
keepers' names, but refrain from so doing,
as I feel certain it would be repugnant
to them.

I am glad " Cross " has made a new
start, and hope he will be successful. One
more suggestion : Join the local B.K.A.
and the Apis Club, and he will have no
further doubt as to fraternity among bee-
keepers not only existing, but flourish-
ing.— W. Stokoe.

Larger Frames.

[10237] I did not intend to write on
the subject of larger frames for a few
months, for I wished to see how they
suited on the heather in August, but I
cannot let Mr. E. Manley's statement
that the 14 by 12 frame is a bad and
impractical frame, pass. He will remem-
ber that in a letter, No. 10141, of March
4th last, he recommends Mr. Flashman to
take 10 stocks and test for three years,
and then the results will be worth con-
sideration, and also, further, in letter
No. 10191, of June 2nd, he says he tried a
frame 14 by 11| for two or three seasons in
two stocks, but he found it to be an
utterly worthless frame. If he acted on
the advice given in his first letter, then,
with the practical experience he received
with only two stocks he could not draw the
conclusion which he does. It has been
stated that the Americans have given over
the use of the square frames, but there is
no comparison with these square frames
and the 14 by ll| which I use. To compare
this frame with the American 12 by 12,
the Gallup 11| by 11^, or even with the
Adair, 13| by 11^, is trifling with the
subject, when we consider the difference of
practice and climate of America. If we
had the climate and honey flow of
America, we probably would go in for
much larger frames, such as the Lang-
stroth, of 320 square in. area. As Mr. E.
Manley probably knows, there is much
patient experiment now going on with the
larger frames, and it is not suitable to give
at present the results of such experiments,
but I shall be able and willing to contri-
bute to increase the knowledge of the
value of such frames in the course of a
few months. When I suggested the deep
standard frames I gave the size as 14 by
Hi to fit in a brood chamber 12 in. deep.

Ang. 5, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

379

This has become known as the 14 by 12
frame, and in 6ome cases the manu-
facturers have made the frame actually
that size, which is a pity. That I believed
in the advantage of the 14 by 11^ frames is
evidenced when I state that I made during
last winter 90 new hives, to take in each
11 of these frames, and provided new
frames, but I have only been able to put
20 in use. To do this I have bought 13
swarms; this, with 40 section boxes and
sections, has been a great outlay. So
that the results of my experience will be
practically the behaviour of these 20 lots
of bees, which have come to me from all
directions, and are of various hybrid as
well as pure varieties, so that it should be
fairly conclusive ; but as I said, the
behaviour and result on the heather is an
important question, more so to the
northern bee keepers, who depend on the
heather flow for a profit. It has been
stated that the larger frame is ar mistake
for using on the heather, if so, I will soon
be able to judge for myself. — F. B.
Charlton, Stockton-on-Tees.

Increasing Stocks in Autumil.

[10238] Weak stocks are helped in the
autumn after the honey &ow. Place over
a strong stock a brood frame super, in
this place eight drawn out combs, and a
dummy at each end. These combs will
soon be filled with honey; no excluder
underneath. As soon as they are full with
uncapped honey remove all except the four
in the centre. Do not touch these, but
push up the dummies. Take out the other
four, extract uncapped honey and feed
slowly over the four frames of comb left.

When the time arrives for inspection
of stocks ; find the weak ones ; if an empty
comb just hatched out is there remove it.
Now go to your super, give a puff of
smoke, and gently pull away dummies,
and you will find the queen gone down
and two combs crammed with capped
brood from top to bottom. Place these in
the weak stocks and feed up with honey.

Result in March will be a large number
of baby bees, honey and brood, if the
queen is not confined to one comb ' by
using honey board. — Cyril Tredcroft.

Bee-Keepers* Conference at "The
Royal."

[10239] Many bee-keepers who attended
the recent Royal Show and read your re-
port of the B.B.K. Association meeting
will be pleased by the sensible proposition
by Mr. Richardson, seconded by Mr. Pear-
man, that instead of the usual Council
meeting held at the tent a conference of
bee-keepers be held. Surely this is what is
needed. Many who attended the show

were disappointed. Here is an opportu-
nity for something educational, sociable,
and profitable, which should not be lost
sight of in future shows. We shall be
indebted to the above gentlemen for their
suggestion. — J. Sidney Giles.

Remedies for Ants.

[10240] Three or four months ago we
wrote asking you, or the readers of The
British Bee Journal to give us a remedy
for preventing ants from infesting hives.

We are now pleased to say that, after a
loss of twenty colonies, we have dis-
covered that Cooper's Sheep Dipping
Powder has proved effective>

All our hives stand on bricks, and we
thoroughly sprinkled the powder round the
legs, over and round the bricks, and under
the hives, with the result that ants have
now disappeared and not a sign of them to
be seen.

To yourself and all your readers who
so kindly gave us remedies, we offer our
best thanks. ^

Pretoria. Cairncross & Zillen.

Present Day Foundation.

[10241] One remembers pre-war English,
made foundation, all shades representing
as near as possible real wax. I have known
cases of half-hearted refusal, and one got
the imported foundation, which is excel-
lent, with which to replace the other. I
got, a week ago, a packet of English-made
foundation made by a well-known adver-
tiser, quite honey coloured, and had a
strong aroma of honey. I tried one sheet
with a new queen, and in a very few days
she was on it, completely drawn out filled
with worker brood. This I am keep-
ing in a tin airtight box till my new hive
arrives. The improvement since pre-war
days is greatly marked, which is a great
boon to bee-keepers and breeding of stocks,
as a swarm, fairly large, will develop in
no time. — ^C. Tredcroft.

A Beginner's Experience.

[10242] I should like to give my experi-
ence in starting bee-keeping. After
longing for some years to keep bees of my
own, I ordered two stocks of pure Italian
bees. They arrived at the station on
May 5 in travelling boxes, and made a
great buzz. The weather was rather cold
when transferring the seven frames to
W.B.C. hives, and after placing the
frames in the body box the bees* remain-
ing in the travelling box were shaken on
to the alighting board, some falling on
the ground quickly became numb with cold.
A lady bee-keeper who was assisting me
took some up in her hand and the warmth

380

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 5, 1920.

revived them. Then we gathered up hand-
fuls, breathed warmly on them, and in a
minute or two bees apparently dead were
able to walk briskly into the hive. In this
way we were able to rescue about 200
bees, and got one stock hived with the loss
of less than a dozen bees. The other stock
was transferred much quicker, the bees
remaining in the box after the frames
were transferred were shaken over the
body box and the quilts placed over them
at once. I think Italian bees are just the
thing for lady bee-keepers, miiie are so
quiet and need very little smoking. I
look forward with pleasure every week
for the Bee Journal, which I have read
since the year 1917.

Wishing you success in the extension of
bee craft. — S. John Cookson.

A Note from Surrey

[10243] Bees here have bred very fast
this season, and though I have no fears
of starvation, as yet, there is very little
in supers, except bees, so our hopes are
for a fine and warm August. To give
some idea of how bees are breeding, one
stock on May 1 is now represented by
seven, of which three are working in one
rack of sections each, one in two racks,
one in 20 shallow frames, above brood
chamber. The other two are oh eight
!?rames each, and building up rapidly.
No more swarrtis should be accepted now,
they should be returned to where they
came, from, as there will not be time to
build up to sufl&cient strength for
wintering.

Re your reply to Mr. Dunning, I most
emphatically endorse your remark about
Myrabella Plum, it makes a hedge second
to none, is a quick grower, it is strong,
and will keep back all kinds of cattle,
even the human kind, and makes a thick
screen ; there is no comparison between
it and Privet, which it a very brittle, soil
exhausting plant. Any nurseryman would
supply.

Re letter from Amazed, I strongly
sympathise with A., and am more than
disgusted with B.. but I know such things
are done, I have been bitten myself. Does
A. need any assistance now? — ^W. Mist.

Is This a Record ?

[10244] I am sorry in my letter
(10,223) under the above heading in the
B.B.J, for July 15, the typist made a
mistake. Instead of " 19 combs," it should
be "17 combs of brood in 15 days."
Since writing T have raised another queen
laving al)out the same.

On .Julv 11, when so many swarms were
about, I had a rather unusual occurrence.
Two strong stocks swarmed. One went
back after flying round, presumably

through the queen not coming out. Num-
ber two clustered and were hived. In
this case the fertile queen, which we
found in the hive, was still in the parent
stock, and a virgin came out with swarm.
We have no doubt that the bees were ours,
as they clustered in "exactly the same spot
as one from the same hive a montk pre-
viously. This is, I think, unusual. Can
you supply an answer? Shall be much
obliged if you can give an explanation. —
John W. Earl.

[We cannot given an explanation of the
occurrence without more details. We
think the bees probably came from another
hive. Finding them on the same spot
chosen by a swarm from that hive a month
previously cannot be taken as conclusive
proof that it came from that hive. It is
no unusual occurrence for swarms from
different hives to choose the same spot for
clustering. — Eds.]

Prolific Swarming.

[10245] A bee- keeper living in the dis-
trict has just given me this remarkable
result from one hive of Italian bees, and
I think it may be of interest to your
readers: — May 24, 1920.— Swarm out, full
strength. June 7, 1920. — Smart out, full
strength. June 8, Cast out, full strength.
June 11, 1920. — Oast out, full strength.
June 12, 1920.— Cast out, went back, full
stiength. June 13, 1920.— Cast out, full
strength. — Francis 0. Hale, Purton,
Wilts.

A New Disease.

[10246] Rev. E. F. Hemming, in your
issue of July 1, page 315, speaks of a new
disease among bees, which shows itself in
swarms that are sent away vigorous.

This is not at all an uncommon occur-
rence in some parts of Scotland and
further afield. The appearance of the
bees of the affected swarms does not
materially differ from, that of the bees
of any typical " I.O.W." disease affected
stock, and microscopically they resemble
the true form so closely that on two occa-
sions known to the writer an eminent bac-
teriologist engaged in work connected
with research regarding the cause of
" I.O.W." disease pronounced this to be.
the true form of that complaint.

Many years ago I met with several
cases where swarms, which undoubtedly
left the South of England in a vigorous
condition, showed all the symptoms of
" I.O.W." disease on arrival in Scotland,
eventually dying out, while the apiary
they came from, including the parent
stocks, remained healthy.

Among several nuclei all made from one
stock and sent to different pajts of the

Aug. 5, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

381

country and placed in seemingly quite
healthy localities, one may show the well-
known symptoms of " I.O.W," disease on
arrival, or soon after, while the others,
including the parent stock, remain to all
appearance quite healthy.

Two years ago a friend sent me two
united swarms weighing over 11 lbs.,
which on being released and hived on
foundation in a new hive, almost at once
showed the usual symptoms. They were
all dead in a month, yet the stock the
swarms came from are still going strong.
— G. W. Avery.

Superstition Regarding Bees

[10247] I wonder if any of your
readers can give me information re-
garding certain superstitions regarding
bees.

Kudyard Kipling in " The Bee Boy's
Song," says :

Marriage, birth or buryin',

News across the seas.
All you're sad or merry in,
You must tell the bees.
In another stanza of this poem we
are told that if " you hate where bees
are " they will pine away or leave you :
Pine away — dwine away

Anything to leave you !
But if you never grieve your Bees,
Your Bees '11 never grieve you.
Popular fancy in the past has idealised
the bees into household spirits guarding
the family, and I have heard, that it was
the custom in some parts of the country,
for a young couple to inform the bees,
and request their favour on becoming en-
gaged or married. I should be grateful
for any account of bee superstitions
amongst the country-folk at the present
day. — E. Thurston Hopkins.

Introducing Italian Queens to
Dutch Bees.

[102481 At one of the meetings of the
Cambs. Bee-keepers' Association it was
impressed on me by two bee-keepers of
authority of the great difficulty they had
experienced in successfully introducing
Italian queens to Dutch bees by the ordi-
nary method, the queens being in-
variably thrown out dead. A method was
described to me which proved a success,
but being a rather complicated process I
adopted a more simple plan, which also
proving a success, I herewith give the
method, which may prove useful to others
who may be introducing queens to thp
Dutch strain.

Before the introduction I placed the
usual travelling cages on the top of the
frames in the stock boxes. I then sprayed

between the combs, including the cages
(which stood edgewise) containing the
Italian queens, and also at the entrance,
with a solution of one tablespoonful of
Yadil to a pint of water, this operation
taking about two minutes to each hive.
Out of eight Italian queens seven were
introduced successfully. I am pretty sure
the eighth swarmed and flew away before
I mfide an examination of the frames.

To those who have not used Yadil I
may explain that this disinfectant has a
strong scent — not altogether pleasant to
the human olfactory organs — but this
peculiarity is the reason of my using it;
for the same reason I hai^e adopted it in
adding swarms to established stocks with-
out a failure, which is more than I can
say in dusting the two with flour. — James
Lee, Fulbourne, Cambs.

Bees in "Big Bertha."

[10249] I was quite recently making a
tour of the battlefields, and coming across
the " Big Bertha " used for shelling Paris
— ^which the Germans were evidently
unable to remove in time, so had dis-
mantled and blown up as much of the
heavy mass of machinery as possible — I
was much struck on observing that, "Out
of the strong came forth sweetness," as a
swarm of bees had taken possession of one
part of the death-dealing monster. — H. E.
Broad.

H. G. T. Dyson (Watford).— CoZonies without
brood.— Vfe are afraid the queens have die-
appeared. Possibly the bad weather may have
caused a cessation of brood rearing', but we
should expect to find a few eggs and unsealed
larvae. Can you get a comb containing eggs to
give them? If this is done, and there is no
■queen, the bees will build queen cells. If a
queen is present, stimulative feeding will most
likely cause her to lay.

Suspected Disease

B. J. F. -(Essex).— The bee* are affected with
" I.O.W." disease.

Mrs. Smail (Hayes).— We do not find any disease.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge ol 2s 6d. is made for notice§
{not exceeding 7 linet) in this column, 10 linei
charged 3s. 6d., up to 15 lines 5»., which coven
cost of insertion from order till date ol show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

August 7, at Barnstaple.— Barnstaple and
District Horticultural Exhibition, to be held in
the Market Hall. Five Open Classes for Honey.—
Schedules from Hon. Secretary, 19, Grosvenor
Street, Barnstaple.

382

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 5, 1920.

August 10, at The Park, Cartmel.— Oartmel
Agricultural Society's 43rd Annual Show. Open
Classes for Comb and Extracted Honey. — Sche-
dules, etc., from W. Dickinson, Secretary, Cark-
in-Cartmel. Entries closed.

August H, at Wye.— Kent Honey Show.
Thirty classes, half of which are open to U.K.
Four Silver Cups and 75 other prizes. Schedules,
Mr. A. Lepper, Wye. Entries closed.

August 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Bee-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classes. Liberal prii^ee.
—Schedules from Mr. F. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

August 14 and 16, at Cannock, Staffs.—
Eight open classes for honey, etc. Prizes value
£12. Schedules from J. Bird, Secretary, "Glen-
may," Allport Road. Cannock.

August 14, at Iilanelly.— Carmarthenshire
B.K.A. Show, in connection with the Llanelly and
District Horticultural Society's Show. Liberal
prizes (nearly £15) offered for Honey, Wax,
and Appliances. 15 Classes (7 Open).— Schedules
from R. Lloyd Roberts, London Joint, City and
Midland, Llanelly. Entries close t^ugust 6.

August 18 and 19, at Coventry.— Warwick-
shire Bee-keepers* Association, in connection with
the County Agricultural Show. Lectures on both
days.— Schedules from Mr. J. R. Ingerthorpe,
Knowle, Warwicks.

August 18 and 19, at Derby.— Derbyshire
B.K.A. iHoney Show to be held on the grounds
of the Derbyshire Agricultural Society. Two Open
Classes. Three Cups in Members' Classes.— Secre-
tary, P. Meakin, 37, Pybus Street, Derby.
Entries closed.

August 25, at Chester.— Cheshire Bee-
keepers' Association, in connection with Cheshire
Agricultural Society. Several Open Classes. Good
prizes.— Schedules from Thos. A. Beckett, St.
Werburgh Chambers, Chester.

August 25, at Prestbury, Cheltenham.—
Flower, Fruit and Honey Show. Open Class for
single 1-lb. jar of honey. Several classes open to bee-
keepers living within a radius of 12 miles.— Sche-
dules from A. H. Bowen, Coronation Road,
Cheltenham. Entries close August 18.

August 28, at Hounslow.— Hounelow and
District Allotment Holders' Association Second
Annual Exhibition of Vegetables and Fruit. Honey
exhibits under the control of the Twickenham and
Thames Valley B.K.A. Open Classes for single
bottle and section.— Schedules from Miss iMl Byatt,
Hawthorn," Hanworth, Middlesex.
Saturday, August 28, at Hinckley.—
Leicestershire and Rutland Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion, in connection with Hinckley Flower Show.—
Open Classes for Honey, Sections and Jars. Prizes,
1&. 6d., 7s. 6d., and 46. 6d. in each class. Judge,
J. Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.— Schedules from A.
Kimbrell, Esq., Clarendon Road, Hinckley.
Entries close August 23.

September 8, 9 and 10.— Portsmouth B.K.A.
Honey Show, in conjunction with the Portsmouth
Allotment Holders' Show, at Connaught Drill Hall,
Portsmouth. Six Open Classes. Judcre, W. Herrod-
Hemnsall, F.E.S.— Schedule/? from Show Secretary,
Mr. J. Sinnett, 154, Essex Road, Southsea.

Saturday, September 11. — Fforest-Fach
Horticultural Society, Swansea. Three Onen
Classes for Honey, extracted and sections. Help
to foster bee cult this end. 1st prizes, 10s.; 2nd
and 3rd in proportion. — Schedules ready from
G. L. Williams, Fforest-Fach, Swansea.

September 22.— Altrincham Show. Several
Open Classes for Honey and Appliances.— Sche-
dules from H. Turner, 1, Market Street, Altrin-
cham.

October 5 to 8.— Essex Fruit and Honey Show
at In.stitute of Agriculture, Chelmsford. Open from
12 to 8 p.m. Admission free. Lectures and demon-
strations each dav.— Schedules from G. R. Alder,
7, Biilwer Road. Leytonstone.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen open classes in Honey
Section. Schedules from Geo. Richiags, 42. Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. Entrle« cIom Hovsm-
b«r e.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertisementi of Bees, Honey, Queeni.
and Bee goods are not psrmissihle at above rate,
but, voill be inserted at l^d. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announoementt, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hfrs*
manufacturers can only he inserted at a minimum
charge of Zs. per Jim., or 6». per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be aeeept^d
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNINO for
visertion in the " Journal " the same week.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

SPLENDID White Clover Honey, £10 cwt.;
sample 6d.— ALBERT COE, Apiarist, Ridge-
well, Halstead, Essex. h.26

SURPLUS BEES.— Several Stocks of Dutch Bees,
6 to 10 frames, 8s. per frame, 1920 Queens;
boxes 10s., returnable; three Cottage Hives, 15s.
eaoh.^Cash with order.— A. W. WISKIN, Walpole
St. Andrew, Wisbech, West Norfolk. h.4

A FEW lots of good, healthy Bees on from 5 to 8
standard frames, 8s. per frame, carriage paid.
Travelling box to be returned.— WRIGHT, Water-
works, Sutton Poyntz, near Weymouth. h.5

SURPLUS QUEENS for Sale, Italian-Dutch,
7s. 6d. each; postage 2d.; excellent strain.— F.
HARE, 42, Pinner Road, Watford. h.6

BEES.— A few lots, of good, healthy Hybrids, 6
to 8 standard 'frames, 76. 6d. per frame:
travelling box 7s. 6d., returnable.— "Colewood,"
New Road, Mitcham. h.7

FOUR 8-frame Hybrid Italian Stocks only remain-
ing unsold, guaranteed healthy, £3 5s., car-
riage paid; box to be returned promptly; one pure
Italian Penna 1920 Queen on 8 frames, £4; two
1920 Bybrid Queens, 7s. 6d. each, and one pure
Italian, 9s. Cash or deposit.— D. R. BERNARD^.
Glenizla, Upper Deal, Kent. h.8

THREE strong Stocks Italian Hybrids, with or
without hives, euoers drawn and on ready for
Augnst flow. What offers P— RE A, Horncliffe, War-
lingham, Surrey. h.9

X^OKCi —TWO FOUR-ROOMED COTTAGES,
^OOU. 2^ acres, near Bournemouth, £200 on
mortgage; ingoing, £300, includes 100 head poultry,
houses, runs, incubator, foster mothers, six stocks
bees, horse hoe, plough. Particulars, stamped,
Addressed envelone.— Box No. 100, B.B.J. OfBce, 23.
Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2. h.lO

THREE strong Stocks of Bees. 8 and 6 frames,
£2 10«. and £2, carriage paid.— jMATTHEWS,
25, Cray Road, Crockenhill, Swanley, Kent, h.ll

FOR SALE, Hybrid Italians, strong 10-frame
stock. £3.— NICHOLL, 254, Friern Road, East
Dulwich, S.E. h.l2

SURPLUS.— Two 3-comb Nuclei, 406.; two 6-conib
Stocks, 63s.; four fertile crof\s-bred Queens,
5r. ; travelling boxes returnable. — DAVEY.
Mawneys, Romford. h.21

FOR SALE, five strong Stocks Italian Hybrids,
10 frames, 1920 Queens. £4 each.— W. T.
BRISCOE, Hughenden, near High Wycombe. h.l4

Aug. 5, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

883

OFFERS wanted for 1920 (light) Honey in bulk;
tins to be sent;' sample 6d.— (HOWLETT,
" Sylvabelle," Tring. b.l5

STRONG STOCKS, Hybrids, no disease, two 10
frames, £4 each; one 6 frames, 50s.; carriage
paid; boxes, returnable, lOs.— DAVIES, 40, Black-
heath Park, S.E.3. h.l6

SALE.— Boxes (8 frames), drawn out, S bars,
Observatory Hive (Lee'e), 3 frames, four sec-
tions, feeder.— 51, Lower Mortlake Road, Richmond,
Surrey. h-17

FEW STOCKS of Italians on 10 frames, packed
with bees, £4; boxes 12s., returnable; some
on 13 frames.— HENSLEY, Luton Apiary, Queen's
Road, Chatham. h.l8

THREE STOCKS for Sale, 10 frames, healthy
Italian Hybrids, £4 each; boxes 10s., return-
able.—GIBBS, Carterton, Oxon. h.l9

READY FOR HEATHER.— Reducing apiary.
For Sale, lO-frame Stocks, 1920 Italian Queens,
price £3 15s., free on rail; carriers returnable.—
ASHWORTH, Weymouth Street, Warminster. h.20

FOR SALE, one 18-in. bevel-geared Extractor,
13-in. Ripener, one Uncapping Table with
trays, knives, etc., 12 crates of drawn-out Comb
Supers. Offers.— 14, Mill Road, Salisbury. r.g.l76

WT3 p PATTERN HIVES, never used,
• i3«vy. painted white, 10s. and 15s. each.
Honey Press, Foundation, Swarm Catchers, Sec-
tions, etc., at half cost.— THOS. THIBKILL,
Kirkby iMalzeard, Ripon. r.g.181

A FEW surplus Stocks Bees for Sale on 8 combs,
- price 70s.— HEATHERLANDS BEE FARM,
Thursley, Grodalming. g.203

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE, Marl-
borough. g.205

FOR SALE, cheap, strong, healthy Stocks, new
4-frame reversible Cowan, Ripeilers, Foun-
dation, Wire, Frames, Hives, Electric Embedder,
etc. Particulars, stamp. — GEORGE, Oak Drive,
Oswestry. g.a06

BEES, immune strain, six colonies each on eight
well-filled W.B.C. frames, £3 per stock.
Satisfaction guaranteed. Cash with order. Imme-
diate delivery.— WARD, Stoughton, Emsworth.

r.g.l29

SURPLUS STOCKS healthy Bees, £4; June
Swarms on frames, 50s.— JEWITT, " Hensall,"
Whitley Bridge, Yorks. r.g.l31

SALE, single-walled Hives, 6s. 6d. upwards;
approval.— HUNT, Bank Street, Somercotes,
Alfreton. r.f.67

HAVE only a few 6-, 8-, or 10-frame Stocks left;
four very fine 1920 Italian Queens to spare;
guaranteed healthy. Stamp reply.— CROWE,
Merriott, Crewkerne. r.g.l91

THE CARMARTHENSHIRE BEE-KEEPERS'
ASSOCIATION invite applications from bee-
keepers in the county for Lectures and Demon-
strations in Bee-keeping.— Apply to W. COMERY,
Hon. Sec, 15, New Road, Ammanford. r.g.l56

BUSTKESS ADVERTISEMXirrS.
lid. i>er word.

FOR MOORS.— Grand S-frame colonies, 85s.;
famous Cotswold Queens, 10s. 6d.; healthy
driven lots, 10s. 6d. Lists.- BOWEN, Queen
Breeder, Cheltenham. h.l3

UEENS. — Quiet, hardy, prolific- Italian

Hybrids; fertiles 10s., virgins 43.; satisfaction

or replaced.- JACK TICKELL, Westbouxne Apiary,

Cheltenham. h.23

FOR SALE, 4-frame Nuclei, also 1920 Italian and
Hybrid Queens, from the " Ee-stocking "
Apiaries of Somerset Bee-keepere' Association.—
Prices and particulars from L. BIGG-WITHER,

Birdwood, Wells, Somerset. h.22

THREE 4-frame Nucleus, 16 x 10 frames, 65s.;
four 4-fram6 Nucleus, standard, 52s.; pure
Italian Penna direct Queens, lOs. extra on box,
returnable.— SEAL, Eastcliffe Apiary, Tutshill,
Glos. ^ h^

STRICTLY BUSINESS.— 100 August, imported,
fertile Italian Queen Bees at a reduction to
D.B.'s. " Let the Bees Tell You," 2s. per copy.—
S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge.

h.25

A PARTNERSHIP in Bee-keeping and Bee.
Appliance Business offered to experienced
bee-keeper (lady or gentleman). Opportunity for
big development. Capital essential, £1,000 to
£5,000.— Write, in strict confidence, " Apis," c/o
British Bee Jotien.u-, 23, Bedford Street, Strand,
W.C.2. h.2

PURFl ITALIANS, 1920 Penna imported Queens,
6 frames, 60s., 8, 70s., 10, 80s., carriage paid;
boxes returnable; Hybrids lOs. less; 1920 Hybrid
Queens, 7s.— WADHAM, Gold Street, Cardiff.

r.g.210

FEW STRONG NUCLEI for immediate delivery
(weather permitting), crowded with bees, brood
and stores, 1920 Queens, hybrids; exceptionally
good strain; perfectly healthy; inspection invited;
3 combs, 406.; 4 combs, 50s.; 6 combs, 60s.; box lOs.
extra, returnable.- STEVENSON, Thames View
Apiary, Flackwell Heath, Bucks. r.g.222

HEALTHY DRIVEN BEES, with Queen, lOs.
per lot, carriage paid; boxes returnable. Cash
with order. Orders in rotation.— PULLEN, Rams-
bury, Hungerford. r.g.211

ITALIAN QUEENS from Penna's queen, virgins
4s., fertile 9s. 6d.; Hybrid Italians, virgins
3s. 6d., fertile 8s. 6d.; Hybrid Stocks on 4 frames,
SOs.; box, returnable, 10s.— WARD, Deeside
Nursery, West Kirby. r.g.215

WANTED, Stevenson Skyscraper Hives; must
be good condition and free from disease;
good price given.— Box 99, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2. r.g.216

SURPLUS.— Nuclei, Hybrids, crowded, 1920
Queens, very prolific strain, 30s.; box 10s.,
returnable; immediate.— F. BIGGE, Tyburn, Bir-
mingham. r.g.l45

QUEENS, Italian and English, 1920, lOs.;
Nuclei, strong, 4 frames 50s., 3 frames 408.,
carriage paid. Stamp reply. — H0LLIN6S-
WORTH (First Class Expert), Heanor. g.l69

4-FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, SOs.; box charged lOs., returnable;
6-f rame Stocks, 70s. ; 8-f rame Stocks, 90s. ' Imme-
diate delivery (weather permitting). Italian
fertile Queens, 10s. 6d. English Run Honey and
Sections wanted.— LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary,"
Burgess Hill, Sussex. r.g.li4

CHOICE home-reared Italian Queens, 10s.:
Virgins, 4s. 6d.; July-September.— MISSES
PALING & PILLANS, Golden Square, Henfield,
Sussex. r.g.82

STRONG 3-FRAME NUCLEI, 1920 fertile
Queens, 30s.; box 5s., returnable; Stocks on 8
frames, 60s; boxes lOs., returnable.— W. WOODS,
Normandy, near Guildford. g.53

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt delivery;
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing stock, August-September.— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. r.g.24

" "rrriGHT " DISEASE, prevention and removal;

TT advice 5s.— ALFD. EYALL, Kenwood

Apiary, Elcombe, Sirond. rJt.3

B84

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 5, 1920.

1QOA FERTILE Gtoldea Italian Qneena,
J-i/^U guaranteed import«d direct from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, 10s. each;
specially aelected, 14s.— GOODARB, New Cross,
Wednesfield. f^

"TSLB OP WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

J. use the solution that cures; as. per bottle.—

B. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Conledon. r.d.l49

AVB TOU READ " THH BBB WORLD "»

If not, why not? Every number in Itself !•

s osefol literary work for practice and reference.

Specimen copy free.-Officea : THB APIS CLUB.

PoiTt HiU Honae, Benson, Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.
E. PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY.

I assume again the direct sale of my queens.
Special offers from July 10 till countermanded.
For queens in lots of 4 at a time ^^I 8s. Cash
with orders. Payment by cheques or British
Postal Orders. International Money Orders
are not accepted. I do not hold myself,
responsible for the queens that are not sent
by me direct to customers. All orders should
be sent direct to me. In May the queens
dead in the journey have been less than 1 %

ORDERS BOOKED IN ROTATION.

Would You Winter 100% ?

Then have some of Clarke's " I.O.W." cure

and preventive on the floor of your hives from

now onward. No spraying, simply a powder.

Don't let your bees die.

G. J. CLARKE, Blythburgh, HALES WORTH

JOT DOWMT the deficiencies of your present
equipment and your needs for future improved
working. Then book for " MASKEATK "
(Regd.) Equipment for autumn conetruction.

The MASHEATK IiIST contains an unique
eeriee of Hives unequalled to-day. You should
not enter upon another bee season without them.

" The Hives (Porchless Masheaths) are excellent
in every way, and I am very pleased indeed with
them. 'PORCHLESS!' Yes, every time. Need
I say more ? I will get you to send me two more."
— W. F., June 17, 1920.

The MASHEATH HIVES TAIiK a& soon as
they are delivered.

ATKINSON, ■"^XSiSke"" Fakenham.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address :

Signer Gaetano Plana,
Castel San Pietro.
near Bologna. Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Heinpsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methcxis employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,

9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accomj)any
all orders, which wil be executed in rotation. Guaram-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B.B.J."
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signer
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ." and
" B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.a.
Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAB, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams BuUdings. LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. HI:RROD<HEBI:PSAI.Ii, 23, Bedford
street. Strand, Ijondon, W.C.S.

A Necessity on aU HiTes all
the Year Round.

SUPER CLEARER.
QUEEN EXCLUDER.
WINTERING BOARD,
&c.

SEND FOR KAT.A-LOG

MEADOWS, Syston, Leicester.

POSITIVE FACTS, jum \ith, 1920.

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back of the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in 16 x 10 frames.

i_, ^ Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY.

Illustrated Lists free by post.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent.

Aug. 5. 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAL^ Hi

DAD ANT'S
WEED FOUNDATION.

THIS Foundation is made from
pure Beeswax and guaranteed
free from all disease germs.

Give your bees the BEST, and tlie
best is DADANT'S.

No acids or other chemicals are
used in the manufacture, and the
makers guarantee that " EVERY
INCH, EVERY POUND, EVERY
TON, is equal to any sample ever
sent out."

We have just received a fresh con-
signment, and are in a position to
give immediate despatch.

Rear healthy bees on clean, natural
combs.

None genuine without the water-
mark "DADANT" on every sheet.

Our Catalogue, entitled "Everything for an Apiary,
is sent post free on Application.

I R. STEELE & BRODIE, |

= Bee Appliance Makers, =

i WORMIT, FIFE. I

!▼

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 5, 1920.

n i^^^ tte$ Bee Supplies, a

f|| In design, material and workman- Jl{

ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain W

the reputation of being your best and w

safest investment. O

a a a w

C[ Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA- Q

■^ LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the W

most up-to-date hives and appliances M

for which the House of Lee is famous. Jzj

a a a ^

fT We regret the necessity of having )l^

" to advise our Customers that owing J^

to the increased cost of production, all w

prices in 1920 price list are subject to ^

10%-increase. The increase will not M

apply to orders received before May 10. M

*,* Five per cent discount to Members of o

ThE APIS CLUB. M

JAMES LEE & SON, g

LTD., W

Uxbridge, Middlesex. S

"^ (Telegrams: Graphicly, Uzbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) Yf

6i

RACTEROl '

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of.

" Isle of Wight ' Disease.

Non-poisonous — frea from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MENLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

Menley House, Hatton Garden, E.C- 1.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176,

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

Sid. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS. QUEENLAND. HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

I very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manufacture of bee
appliances, and therefore my prices will be advanced 10% from May 10th. Books excepted.

Printed by the Avenue Press (L. Upcott Gill & Son, Ltd.), 55-57, Drtjev Lane, London, W.C, and
Published fob the Pbopbietob (W. Hebbod-Hempsalx), bv Simpein, Mabsbaix, Hamilton,
£bnt & Co., Ltd., 31 & 38. PiiiaNOSTiB Bow, E.C.

Beitibb Bh Joubnu ahd BtE-EiiPiBa' Adtibu, August 12, 1920.

IJB1:--.A.

EP 1 1 192

No. 1990. Vol. XLVIII

AUGUST 12, 1920.

iPublished every Thursday, Price 2d.

CO XT n? JB If rr s.

PAOE

Seasonable Hints 385

A Dorset Yarn 385

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 386

CoTswoLD Notes ■ 387

Notes on Bee-keeping 388

Honey at the Bletchley Horticultural Show 389

Staffs. Bee-keepers' Association 389

JfENT Bee-keepers' Association — Western

Division 390

Doncaster and District Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation 390

PAGE

More Good Hints 391

Correspondence —

The " Futtersaft " Theory 391

Stray Swarms Free Ride 391

Autumn Breeding 392

"Wanted, An Explanation 392

Action for Damages Caused by a Bee Sting 392

Fraternity Among Bee-keepers 393

Notices to Coerjespondents 393

Bee Shows to Come 393

We have just received a consignment of

Lewis Superb Snow White Basswood

SEOXIONS

Which we are offering at the moderate figure of
catalogue price, plus 15%.

As this essential branch of Beeware is likely to
increase in price next season we strongly advise our
customers to purchase with a view to the future.

HONEY BOTTLES

lib. actual size.

We are in a position to give prompt delivery of
honey bottles. These are of the finest quality.

Price - 1-lb. 55/- per gross.
4-lb. 47/. „ „
Reductions for LARGE quantities.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

THE BRITISH BEE JOTTRNAL. Aug. 12, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Office : 2', Bedford Street, Straad, London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

A Vir-^ekly Journal Devoted to tlie
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edltefl by T, W. COW AIT, P.L.S., &c.,
and J. HERROD-HSmFSAIiI., F.E.S.

Oorrespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communicationB and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SabMrlptions. - Annual Subscription,
IO9. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2 J., or 2id. post free. If a receipt is required
\y post, a stamped and addressed envelope
:itnst be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Honey. — Bemittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cneques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts ifp to 2s.
Hatfpennsf stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing ihem.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or applianoea of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers ia the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yon are advised to insist on tiiis being used wben
dealing with strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched until notice that
the money has been depoeited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both partiee, and hold the money
nntU we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale b« effected, we remit to the seller
the amount depoeited, less a charge of 9)
per cent, in the £, with a minimum ot 6d.. and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque.
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sal© or exchange be not completed,
v« return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers end sellers
are secured against fraud.

a. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "Xondon
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders 8(hould be kept by the sender.
We cannot be responsible for any loss Miai may
iccur in traaali. *

3. Honey on Avproval.— All honey will be mM
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances. — In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queeus.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed caeh will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or Ices of an article on
its journey is borne by tHe vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, tseeept
tuck a$ are sent hy post, is payable by the buyer,
unless oiberwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way. '

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Poetage
... Bid.

... 6^d.
... 4d.

2/6
3/6

.. 3d
.. 4d

4/6

.. 3d.

-/3
-/6 .
-/2 .

.. Id
.. Id.
.. Id.

5/- .

3/-

. 4td
.. 2d

A IVEodern Bee Farm 7/6

Advanced Bee Culture

(Hdtchinson) 6/-

Beginner's Bee Bock (Pellet) 5/-
BEE-KEEPING SIIOPIiIFIED

FOB THE COTTAGER AND

SlVIAI.IiHOI.DEB (W. Hebroo-

Hbmpsall, F.B.S.) 1/. ... 2d.

BRITISH BEE - XEEPEBS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers

Cloth covers

Dissectible Model of Queen

Bee

FERTILISATION OF FRUIT

BI.0SS01VIS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan)

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ...
Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks)
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock)

Management of Out Apiaries
Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hooper, F.E.H.S.) -/e ... Id.
PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.)
Productive Bee-keeping (Pel-

LETT)

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladbn)

Scientific Queen Rearing

i(Doolittlb)

The Bee-keepers' Vade Slecnm

(Qeary)

The " Townsend " Bee Book ...
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ...

MISCEI.USlNEOUS.

Maeterlinck's I>ife ot the Bee 5/- ... 3d.
The I.ore of the Honey Bee

(TioKNER Edwardes) 2/- ... Hid.

THE BEE WORI.D (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... lid.

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(TiCKNER Edwardes) 7/6 ... 4.id.

Britisk Bee Journal & Reciuril Offie«,

38. Bbdfobd eptebbt, stband Lomdox. W.ai.

2/-

... 3d.

10/6 .

.. Bid.

1/6

.. 2d.

4/- .

.. 3id.

2/6
2/6

-2/- .

... 2d.

.. 2d.
.. 2id.

Aug. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL,

885

Seasonable Hints.

Reports from most, districts are to the
effect that the honey season is again a
failure. There is a chance that if fine,
warm weather prevails from now on-
wards, bees may store honey enough for
winter, or, at any rate, a good portion
of the _a;mount necessary. We have not
heard how the heather is blooming, or
the prospects for surplus from that source.
Many stocks have needed feeding con-
tinuously the last fortnight or longer,
land we are afraid that on the whole much
feeding will be necessary this autumn
or many stocks will go under.

Now we have had a few days' sunahine
it is quite likely some swarms will have
issued, and more may do so. The best
method of dealing with them at this late
jeriod is to cut ovt all queen cells and
return the swarm.

Re-queening should be done now as
soon as possible, giving the new queen an
opportunity of laying and getting
thoroughly settled down for the winter
with a fair number of her own progeny.

Great care must be exercised to pre-
vent robbing. Entrances should be re-
duced, especially where colonies are on
the weak side. No honey, comb or syrup
s'^'iuld be exposed outdoors, and the places
where they are stored should be bee-
proof.

May we give a few hints to correspon-
dents and advertisers. We have lately
had several letters addressed to * ' Office,
23, Bedford Street." W« have afore-
time pointed out that we do not
occupy the whole of the building,
but there are half-a-dozen other offices
whose address is 23, Bedford Street.
If the name " British Bee Journal,"
or even " B.B.J. ," is not on the envelope,
how is the postman to know for which
office a letter is intended? Better omit
the name of the street than our name,
for letters simply addressed " British
Bee -Journal, London," are delivered, even
from abroad, and one of these was sent
to " British Bee Journal, England."

To those sending prepaid advertise-
ments we suggest sending in good time,
especially when the advertisement is for
the next issue. The Post Office is by no
means infallible, or the service as good
as in pre-war days. Letters are often
delayed or lost, and it is no unusual
thing for a letter to take three days to
get across London. There is no need for-
us to tell our readers that the conditions

of labour are very different now to what
they were, and if the Journal is to be
printed in time for post on Wednesday, it
must be made up on Tuesday evening,
and advertisements that reach us after
mid-day on Tuesday are too late. Last
week we had nine on Wednesday morn-
ing for insertion in Thursday's Journal,
and it was being printed at the time !

A Dorset Yarn,

In looking round the stocks each day
one cannot help but see how one lot far
exceeds another, how bar after bar is
filled by some natural swarms, and
others only fill half of them in the same
hive. It is all a question of numbers.
Some swarms filled the large.st skeps. One
that Mr. Butson shook in for me when I
was away at Cardiff had to have a box,
so huge was the the cluster. Now this
one had filled the ten bars in a week, had
completed the supers of shallow bars the
next week, lots of them are now capped
over, yet the small lot, with a fine yellow
queen, had only done three bars in the
i.ame time. One could see that they would
be robbed by the strong ones when autumn
came, and when a strong lot of blacks
swarmed out into two clusters the small
Italian lot had about twenty times its
weight of bees added to it to " ginger it
up " a bit. They ran in too fast for me
to catch the black queen, but the next
day, when Squire Tomlinson came up, we
had out the bars to see hqw the fusion of
blacks and yellows had developed. We
found that the blacks were balling the
yellow queen, and the yellows were balling
the black one. I took out the yellow
queen in a box, and put it under the
quilts to keep her warm, taking the
black one away altogether.

The yellow queen was separated from
the colony three hours. The whole of the
bars were sprayed with flavine and sugar,
the queen liberated and also sprayed as
she went down among the bees. The
workers began cleaning her at once,
others began to feed her ; she was in no
hurry to go down among the masses who
had used her so roughly only a few hours
before. It was our opinion that each
would have gone under but for our timely
intervention. On looking at the bars
yesterday, August 6, after nine days'
interval, most of them were complete,
and the yellow queen had got over her
rough handling by the blacks. She looked
a finer queen than she did nine days
before ; whether she had developed more
by having more cells to lay in, or whether
the blacks had fed her more to make up
for rough usage, I can't say. It proves

386

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 12, 1920.

to m-e more than ever it is only the strong
stocks that are profitable.

The other cluster was given to another
lot that had wintered through, but had
never worked up its population. I had
already taken off the shallow bars and
given them to one that was filling up
surplus fast. It is no use leaving on the
weak stocks any surplus racks ; if they
have not gone up in them they will not
late in the seaison.

Another strongp swarm which came out
the last day in June drew out its ten
bars in as many days, but did not go into
sections. I opened the rack and put in a
section that was drawn out and full of
uncapped honey. A few of the bees were
always round this one section, but no
other progress was made. ] put on a box
of standard bars on the top of the
sections. They immediately went into
them and began drawing them out. This
lot were very strong, yet .when evej-y bar
was full of honey and brood they would
not work in the sections, though each
one had full pieces of foundation, yet
when the bars were added with the thick
brood foundation they immediately began
drawing them out. It seems to me that
the bees take to the thick foundation
more readily than the very thin sheets for
sections.

We had another strong swarm that had-
done nothing in sections (these were given
to another strong lot, who filled them
in a week) ; but since the rack has been
taken from them they have begun to
build on the top of the bars up to the
glass covering. It is too late for more
sections, j'et these would do shallow bars.
even though it is August 8, but I do not
want to stock in. more shallow bars, as I
find that the standard bars are much
more useful for extension.

Bees seem to be swarming very late this
season. We had one last Sunday when I
came home from the 10 o'clock Com-
munion service. The beautiful music was
fresh in the mind when the music of bees
in swarming-time gave me something else
to think of. They settled on to a brick
wall. I waited patiently till the queen
settled on the swarm^, and at once caught
her. I took her away. The huge swarm
soon found she was not with them, and
they flew back to the parent hive and laid
about on the big board that Avas in
front, singing quite a difi"erent song to
the one they had all sung so little time
before. They have not been out since.
Another lot swarmed on one of the warm
days this week ; these were pitched in the
front of the hive when nearly dark. I
could not see the queen as she went in
with the rest, and they have nol been

out again, even though it was very warm
yesterday (Saturday, August 7).

We are getting quite a lot of visitors
just now — motors cover such a long way
in a few hours. One car came from near'
Bristol, another from Bath. I seem to
have a good friend somewhere, who is
telling others of "the bees at the Violet
Farm. Sometimes they go in to- the bee
run by themselves, when I am at another
part of the farm. I do not see them
myself, but they are beekeepers who are
not afraid of bees. There is a card in
each hive on which the visitors can read
what progress has been made this season.
This seems to be the best way to keep a
record of what is done by each" colony.

Flowers are really wonderful this
season. Many acres of grass are not yet
cut ; the fields of upland grass which were
cut early are now in full bloom again,
while in many of the fields there is
lucerne and sainfoin, which is in blos-
som. In one fine day the upper cells in
the bars are nearly full. The blackberries
are still in blossom, asparagus has still
the thousands of blossom, the men have
the bees round them as they are working
in the long lines of violets. The aspara-
gus plants are growing between the long
lines of black currants, the great plumes
of feathery foliage 8 and 9, ft. high
covered with the little flowers, while the
red clover seems to be evervwhere, wild
scabious and the ling heather. Bees
should gather a great deal of surplus if
the weather will only be fine. So many
visitors say that there is little honey
gathered in many parts of England, but
I think it is those who only work for
sections ; bees will take to bars much more
readily. — J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

The rain descends and the wind blows
boisterously over the sea as I write, while
an excellent band is trying to bewitch ns
into thinking we are in Italy by playing
" A Day in Naples," but we are in Bourne-
mouth nevertheless, and half the world
seems here with us. Some seem quite -^t
home, others are evidently out of their
element. Not a few, one gathers, are
visiting Bournemouth for the first time.
Many have come with the idea that, what-
ever weather prevailed elsewhere, at
Bournemouth it would be fine and warm.
It is pathetic to see brave lasses shivering
in sponge-cloths and muslins. One sees
taste and refinement side by side with th<»
strangest, mixtures of humanity. It is
cheering to see people, out for enjoyment,
doing the thing in an orderly manner,
but I am always unable to plumb the psy-
chology of those human beings who seem '■•o

Aug. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

887

delight in passing rude remarks concern-
ing everyone more well ordered than
themselves. Life is nothing without
brotherhood, and brotherhood is impos-
sible when those who delight in being
vulgar refuse to fraternise with those who
would enlarge their outlook and build up
their best. A man passes dressed in a
black coat, grey vest, white flannel
trousers, and nigger-brown boots. His
taste has gone awry, but what matters
it; on either arm hangs a girl, ages
about 8 and 10, one blonde, the other as
fair as day — all are as happy as the
weather will let them be. Two leering
Johnnies pass them, and with a smirk-
ing laugh one is heard to say loudly so
that the man may hear, " "What a fool
Jack is to have his wenches spoiling his
sport. I've left mine at home with the
old dutch," and swings round to receive
sympathetic smiles from the crowd ; but
the crowd doesn't smile, and the Johnnie^
smirk their displeasure at our supposed
lack of humour. Such individuals do
not keep bees; did they do so, the little
insects would teach thpm better manners.
I will paraphrase Solomon, and say, " Go
to the bee ye fools, consider her ways,
and be wise."

We motored down here, my warden and
I. Of course, as county after county un-
folded itself, one compared their pastur-
age for bees. Some districts in Buck-
inghamshire were rich with honey
flowers ; others, like the stretches be-
tween Steventon and Newbury, and be-
tween Andover and Salisbury, appeared
to be devoid of any flower of advantage
to bee life. As we entered Dorsetshire
the heather bloom was rich and full,
and rest harrow had literally taken pos-
session of many fields. We hope to re-
turn by another way — maybe the hills
and plains, downs and headlands, will
each reveal a secret which only bee-
keepers understand. My jottings didn't
get written last week. I was too busy,
among other things, returning postal
orders to readers who had misread my
iottingg of a fortnight ago. I was not
proclaiming a certain cure for crawlers,
but quoting a letter I received. If the
gentleman who claims to have this
specific is sure of his ground, his duty is
to advertise his potion in the Journal.
If he has a certain cure, he will not lack
for orders.

Referring to the new disease — if it be
one — I am most grateful to those readers
who have written to me. It appeaj-s by
one and another, samples of these craw-
lers have been sent to bacteriologists of
every university in the kingdom, and in
no case has a trace of any known bee
disease been found. My kinsman's ex-
perience is noteworthy, as showing that

Flavine is the remedy to use. Yet a
lady writes to say she had stocks so
afflicted, and in disgust determined to
destroy them, and 'sulphured them with
that object in view, and instead of dving
they took a new lease of life, and never
crawled again. Poor Virgil 1 "What would
he have said +i " Izal " and " Flavine,''
and " Yadil " and " Bacterol"? He has
sorrtething to say about crawlers, but
then bees emerged from dead oxen, and
crawlers were bees which hadn't fuUj'
grown their wings; but, withal, if every
bee-keeper were as observant as "Virgil,
V this time we should have learnt the

Steeple Gidding.

E. F. Hemming.

Gotswold Notes.

Now that we have reached August — ^the
month of re-queening — a few remarks on
queen introduction may be tim.ely, in view
of this operation always being attended
with more or less risk.

I suppose that, in spite of our ad-
vanced knowledge of bee-keeping, at least
5 per cent, to 10 per cent, of queens given
to queenless stocks are killed, or balled by
hostile bees. ,

Removing a fertile queen and giving a
strange one attended by strange bees, is
only successful when the colony is placed
in the right condition to prevent hostility
to the queen we wish to introduce. Bees
openly hostile always will either kill the
queen outright or ball her so badly as to
render her practically worthless.

When, however, stores are plentiful,
honey is coming in, and the colony has
plenty of sealed brood with young hatch-
ing bees, it will usually accept a queen
given in the ordinary mailing cage "n
which she is liberated by the candy at one
end being eaten away. A full colony in
possession of a virgin queen will quickly .
accept a fertile queen when the virgin is
removed and the candy method of intro-
duction employed. This also applies to
stocks having cells in an advanced stage.

Queens are accepted very readily
when the cells are torn down, and the bees
find themselves hopelessly queenless with-
out means of commencing fresh cell-cups.
And, as a general rule, the stronger the
stock the greater is the risk of getting the
queen killed, unless every precaution "s
taken.

There is a marked difference amongst
colonies in this respect, and the mildest-
tempered ones are frequently very easy
to deal with.

For this reason, in systematically re-
qucening in August or September, the
nucleus plan hag its good points, and,

388

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Aug. 12, 1920.

indeed, is the one I prefer in dealing with
valuable imported queens.

Place two combs of daily emerging brood
— either from a queen-excluded deep
super or the hive you wish to re-queen —
into a small box or hive holding three
frames; add one comb of honey, and, after
shaking in the bees from two other
combs place the cage containing the
queen on the comb and cover up with a
porous cloth or sack. The newly formed
nucleus should be placed beside the stock
we wish to requeen, and its small entrance
stuffed with grass.

About an hour before sunset remove the
plug of grass temporarily to give the field
bees an opportunity of rushing back to
where they were taken from, and the non-
arrival of food-laden bees has a quieting
effect on those that remain.

On the evening of the second day after
formation the grass can be removed alto-
gether, and in about five days the queen
Mill be found amongst the bees, and nine
times out of ten will be laying.

All that is then necessary is to remove
the failing queen, and the ifollowing even-
ing flour both lots and unite them.

A few years ago, when driven bees were
plentiful, and could be had for the driv-
ing, we used these largely for requeening
purposes.

If, during the autumn examination, a
colony was found ^to be weak, with little
brood, the queen was killed, and a day or
two later a young-queened lot of driven
bees was shaken in after dark.

Late casts were most useful for thi''
purpose. This is a sitnple operation, and
rarely caused any fighting. Bees of a
Tiucleus, if shaken off their combs, can
also be united in this wav to any colony
needing a queen without the slightest risk
if carried out altvays at night when the
bees are too sleepy to attack one another,
""^be absence this season of bright sun-
shine and a steady flow has had quite a
noticeable effect on the colour of the
queens bred during the cool and wet
periods. None are so bright in colour as
those raised in May under better condi-
tions, and this vear even oueens from
pure Italian motbers are quite dark, I
And.

Some, also, have waited 19 days before
mating, owing to the low temperatiire
and lack of warm sunshine. As a rule
imported queens do not, sTirvive very long
after introduction. They either swarm
on the first opportunitv or the bees super-
cede tbem, nrobablv due to some defect
can sod bv the long confinement in th«
Tnailing cage.

For this reason I have practically dis-
continued getting oueens from verv long
'■■''Hancos. — A. H. Bowt:n, Ootswold Api-
ai-ies, Cheltenham.

Notes on Bee Keeping.

Apiculture, or bee-keeping as it is
termed by bee-keepers, has made rapid
strides during the last half-century. It
is scarcely credible that even thirty years
ago it was an exceptional thing to sec a
movable comb hive in a cottager's garden.
Now, owing to the exertions of many in
promoting this most useful employment
and greatly to the spread of information
contained in bee-books, and to many bee-
keepers giving a share of their valuable
time in lecturing to promote its advance-
ment, it has spread throughojit these
shores, nay, to many countries far dis-
tant, even to the Antipodes. It has
assumed such extensive proportions that
whereas some years ago no one thought
of sending bees any distance by rail or
otherwise, now they are sent thousands
of miles. Hives of bees have been sent
to Australia and India; in fact, with
modern devices one can hear of bees
being sent successfully to Persia, a
journey occupying over a month, the
greater part of the route being overland
in a very hot climate, a feat unthinkable
in days gone by, owing to the danger of
combs breaking down from heat. Our
forefathers netted a considerable amount
of income from their ancient methods of
bee-keeping; how much more now that
we have foundation -with us, which means
a prolongation of life to our bees— to say
nothing of regulating the queens' laying
capacity. Then we have the extractor,
which has proved itself such a boon in
modern bee-keeping, an appliance iised
for the purpose of extracting the honey
from the combs without any iri^ury that
would impair their future utility in
being refilled by thfe bees with honey. It
was a practice by our old-time bee-
keepers to remove their surplus from the
combs by straining out the honey through
a muslin bag hung up before the fire, and
allowing it to drain into a receptacle
below, the last portion being squeezed
out— a mixture of lacerated brood and
honey. With the honey extractor the
combs, after removal of cappings, can be
relieved of their contents by centrifugal
action, after which, if desirous, they can
be returned to the hive to be filled. There
are many other inventions that could be
mentioned, all a saving of time and labour
for our bees, and in the end an increased
honey harvest to the bee-keeper.

One wishes that our English farmers
would take up the craft as some of our
Colonial farmers do,^notably Australian.
I have been surprised when hearing the
quaint ideas put forward by some of our
farmers here, who deprecate bee-keeping
as being detrimental to their^ crops. In
what manner are they so? The answer

Aug. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

389

has been, " They take the saccharine
matter from the clover, and so rob the
hay of its sweetness." When we come to
examine this in its true light we ask the
question, what is the nectar in the clover
flower produced for? As an attraction,
to the bees and other insects who, whilst
collecting same, carry the pollen from the
male to the female flower, or from the
male to the female portions of different
flowers, and so fertilise them. By this
we obtain the production of seeds, a great
impetus is given the plant in order to
produce them, and they — the seeds — con-
tain the chief elements necessary for the
formation of flesh upon cattle that is fed
upon them. Without the seeds hay would
be, in comparison, of little value. Would
a fanner give as much per ton for hay
that has been threshed for its seed? I
should suggest not. Or would his cattle
fatten a-s well as on seed hay? Certainly
not; any cattle farmer would substantiate
this. Without bees and insects, flowers
would not be fertilised, and would pro-
duce no seeds. If my statement be cor-
rect, then, after all, the bees are a profit
to the farmer, the stock-keeper, and the
bee-keeper ; in fact, the consumers of the
meat reap their share of the benefit. This
also applies to other species of flowers
besides the ordinary clover flower. With-
out bees, apple, cherry, raspberry, cur-
rant and plum would be less productive.
An apple and pear grower of my
acqiiaintance stated that since he had
lost his bees the fruit was more scanty
and the trees not half so productive.
These are things that speak for them-
selves.— P. Ltthgoe, Padgate, War-
rington.

Honey at the Bletchley
Horticultural Show.

• In connection with the above Show the
Bucks County Bee-keepers' Association
held a small honey show on August 2,
1920, at which the honey exhibits showed
a very great improvement on previous
years, both in quantity and quality. An
observatory hive, staged by Mr. A. E.
Warren, proved a trejnendous attraction
during the whole time.

The exhibits were judged by Mr. A. E.
Warren, who made the following awards:

Four 1-lb. Sections. — First, J. Kent,
Milton Keynes ; second, Mrs. Faral Smith
Simpson, Bletchley.

Four 1-lb. Bottles Light Honey. — First,
W. Goom, Bletchley ; second, Col.
A. W. H. Good, Broughton; third, Mr.
Faral Smith.

Four 1-lb. Bottles Medium.— First, J.
Kent ; second. Col. A. W. H. Good ; third,
David Jones, Little Brickhill, Bletchley.

Staffordshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

LICHFIELD AND DISTRICT BRANCH.

The members of above Association suc-
cessfully revived the " Honey and Bees "
section this year at Lichfield's Floral and
Horticultural Societies' Centenary Exhi-
bition, on 2nd and 3rd instant, after a
lapse of many years.

The Exhibition was held in " Beacon
Park," Lichfield, being well supported by
the local bee-keepers, and proved a great
attraction to the thousands who visited
the Show.

The awards were as follows : — -

OPEN TO ALL.

Class 1. — Four 1-lb. Sections of Honey :
1, G. H. Mytton (no other entries).

Class 2. — Four 1-lb. Jars of Light
Honey: 1, E. Jacques; 2, M. Craddock ;
3, G. H. Mytton.

Class 3.2— Four 1-lb. Jars of Granulated
Honey: 1, E, Jacques; 2, M. Craddock;
3, G. Dale.

Class 4. — Four 1-lb. Jars other than
Light Honey : 1, E. Jacques ; 2, G. H.
Mytton; 3, T. W. Stewart.

Class 5. — Shallow Frame of Honey:
Equal 3, E. Jacques and G. H. Mytton.

Class 6. — Beeswax, Not Less than ^ lb. :
1, E. Jacques; 2, M. Craddock; 3, G. H.
Mytton.

The judge, Mr. J. Price, County Ex-
pert, expressed his satisfaction at the
quality of the exhibits, and during the
afternoon gave two interesting lectures
on bees, holding his audience spellbound
while he explained the development of
the bee from the egg onwards, in which
he was greatly assisted by the presence
of two observatory hives, each stocked
with bees. These were honorary ex-
hibits, together with two trophies of
honey, and proved to be a great alitrac-
tion, exhibited by E. Jacques and G. H.
Mytton. Those provided by the former
were headed by ~an Italian queen, im-
ported under the Government Re-Stock-
ing Scheme.

At 3 o'clock and 5 o'clock open-air
demonstrations were given with bees by
the County Expert to crowded audiences,
enabling him. to drive home theories ad-
vanced while lecturing in the " Honey
and Bees " tent.

An interesting educational exhibit was
staged by Mr. J. Price on behalf of the
Staffs. Educational Committee, by whom
he is employed. It occupied two 8-ft.
tables, and contained many interesting
specimens of ancient and modern tee
appliances.

The Silver Medal was awarded to E-
Jacques, and the Bronze Medal to G. H
Mytton, being provided by the Staffi
B.K.A. — E. Jacques, Hon. Sec.

390

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 12, 1920.

Kent Bee-Keepers' Association:
Western Division.

Lecture on Bee-keeping at Worcester
Lodge, Dulwich, .by the kind invi-
tation OF J. H. Harris, Esq.

Dr. C. Courteney Lord, of Orpington,
first class expert of the B.B.K.A., gave an
interesting lecture on bee-keeping.

The weather was fine, and about 40 en-
thusiastic bee-keepers were seated on the
lawn, where one of Mr. Harris's hives was
brought for the demonstration.

The lecturer, who was introduced by
Mr. Harris in a few suitable words, first
explained the advantages of the modern
hive over the straw skep. Stress was laid
on starting with a good standard hive on
the W.B.C. pattern.

Frames were exhibited, wiring and full
sheets of foundation were recommended.

The lecturer then opened the hive, after
subduing the beeg with the smoker, and
the three kinds of bees were shown, great
interest being taken in the queen.

The whole economy of the hive was gono
through, use of pollen, with a short life
history of the bee, from the egg to the
fully developed bee. The lecturer im-
pressed upon his audience that gentleness
and firmness were the chief points to be
remembered in the manipulation of the
hive. The methods of treating bee stings
was gone into, but there was no need for
application, as the bees were in good
humour.

A hearty vote of thanks was accorded
the lecturer for his most interesting and
instructive address.

In proposing a hearty vote of thanks to
Mr. Harris for his kind invitation and
use of his garden and bees for the demon-
stration, Mr. A. E. Barnes, of Anerley,
said it gave him pleasure to accept Mr.
Harris's invitation, and invited all bee-
keepers there, if they did not belong to
an Association, to join the Western Divi-
sion of the Kent Bee-keepers' Association.

Among many reasons why people should
take up bee-keeping —

(1) It is an interesting and healthy
bobby, and a hobby, if managed properly,
that could be made to pay.

(2) Bees should be kept for fertilisation
f^f fruit trees, for al thou grh there are many
agents, there is none so perfect as the
bee.

(3) Honey is not only a sweetening
agent, but a fnod, and if we ran add only
a few pounds of food to the national
supply it is our duty to do so. We want
boe-kftppers to unite and strengthen the
hands of the mother Association CB.BtK.A.)
in research work and obtaining legisla-
tion, both of which are sadly needed in
battling the existing bee diseases, espe-
ciallv the " Jsle of Wight" disease,—
W. E. C. ;6 - . .

Doncaster & District Bee-Keepers'

Association.

An interesting hour was spent at Don-
caster Grammer School aptai-y on July21f
a good company being present.

The feature of the apiary is queen-
raising.

The first item was the " introduction "
of queens. Two Penna queens had ar-
rived from Italy the previous day, and
had been caged in hives for 24 hours.
Both hives had been queenless some days,
and cells removed. With the first, the
cage was opened, and the bees and queen
released on a frame taken from the hive
for the purpose; the bees at once at-
tacked the queen's attendants, and,
though the queen herself was not
attacked, it was( thought advisiable to
cage her for another day. With the
second, the queen was taken without her
attendants and placed on a comb ; the
hive bees immediately caressed and fed
her. and she was deemed " accepted."

Nucleus mating boxes were next shown.
These were made in four compartments,
consisting of 3, 2, 2 and 3 baby frames
respectively. These baby frames are each
8 in. by 4^ in., three just filling a stan-
dard frame, the standard frame being
drawn out in an ordinary hive and filled
with brood. When the nucleus hive is
to be furnished, each baby frame has a
10-in. top-bar attached to it by two thin
strips of tin passing over the top-bar
and tacked to each side of the frame,
the longer edge now being horizontal,
'vhereas it was originally vertical. The
frame, when prepared, is placed among
some queenless bees in a top storey, nnd
those which adhere to the comb are
'placed with it in the nucleus box; the
youne bees remain with the nucleus and
readily accept a virgin or cell. In every
case the yellow queen was easily discover-
able even by the merest tyro.

This method of getting queens mated
had proved a failure, only about 20 per
cent, of the virgins becoming fertile, but
it was thought the extraordinarily bad
season wag mainly responsible for this
want of success. A great number of
drones had been specially reared to ensure
^if-k and true mating.
The method advocated by some Ameri-
can writers, notably Doolittle, Pellett
and Alexander, of mating queens above
" queenright " colonies, was then ex-
amined.

Over a brood-chamber strong in bees,
and having a vigorous, young queen, was
placed a queen excluder; above this a
shallow box, and above this another ex-
cluder. Above this again a further
cihamber, taki^ng ^standard framest con-*
taining stores, sealed brood and bees;
this chamber was divided by excluder

Aug. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

891

division-boards, making queen - proof
chambers one at each side of the hive,
and each containing two standard frames.
The floor of each of these compartments
was carpeted with sacking, so that thera
was no direct communication with the
chamber, below. (The central part of this
top storey was found excellent for raising
grafted cells in carriers.) Bees in the
outer compartments either built out their
nn-n cells or accepted those given, and
these emerged ; but, though there was an
opening to the outer air at the back of
^he hive for each compartment, no queen
had ever been mated in the course of the
three months the experiment had been
tried, nor was a virgin ever found alive
after more than three days from emerg-
ing. When the back holes were kept
closed, the virgin would be discovered
dead, but if the holes were open, she
would disappear or be found dead out-
side. Only in one instance was a cast
observed, though it is probable that
several virgins were lost that way. The
experiment with six compartments m
three very strong hives had every time
been a complete failure.

Doolittle's dictum that "if a virgin
hatched above finds its way into the brood-
rhamber below, the reigning queen is in-
variably superseded by her," was dis-
proved; at least, two virgins somehow
^^t below, but had been promptly ejected
dead.

Next were shown some wonderful photo
graphs taken by the Rev. G. H. Hewison.
secretary to thp Association. A particu-
brly fine microphotograph of the tip of
+1ie bee's sting clearly showed the poison
ducts. Mr. Hewison makes a specialitv
of photomicrography and lantern slides
of bees and their anatomy, and those
shown included the " tip of the tongue,"
showing the capillary hairs at the tip ;
" cpotion through a compound eye," the
" blind louse " of the honey bee and its
wonderful foot, the different legs of the
honey bee, showing the different "tools"
with which each is enuipped, etc. He
also showed a series of photos of hives
from prehistoric times up to date, and
one felt bound to give to Germ an v the
eredit of using the movable comb before
it w-as " invented bv Langstroth."

For part of the lionr the sun very
kindlv disclosed himself.

Truly a crowded hour !

(Communicated.)

More Good Hints.

If it is good to paint the bee-hives white,
then paint the honey tanks black, and
your honey will cure better, can easier
and also save the tank.— Froni the We-'i-
tern "Honey Bee.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

The *' Futtersaft" Theory.

[10250] I am grateful, with all the
readers of the B.B.J. , to Miss Betts for
her correction of my translation of the
Futtersaft theory. Of course, the voung
bees are loaded with albumen by the
elder bees. It is their vomit, and the
young bees cannot pass it up to them
against the stream. The only way out is
through the queen, and this means in the
end, through drones, young queens and
the swarm. Gerstung says : " What the
elder links of the chain cannot use . . .
flows to the younger as superfluity, and
vice versa." And again : " It is appa-
rently carbohydrates or warmth that
flows from the young upwards, and albu-
men and fat that flow from the old mem-
bers to the young." Would it not be ^s''
distressing to the foraging bees as to
anyone else, not to be able to get rid of
their special superfluity because the hive
was already over-warm, and the young
bees required no fat?— G. G. Desmond,
Sheepscombe, Gloucestershire.

Stray Swarm's Free Ride per M.R.
Goods, Ashchurch to Birmingham.

[10251] It may be of interest to some
of your readers, particularly one bee-
keeper somewhere near Ashchurch'
(Gloucestershire), to hear that a swarm
(about 4 lbs.) took possession of a corner
of an open railway truck at Ashchurch,
loaded with sacks of chaff, but which had
previously contained some sugar, and had
a free ride to Birmingham.

About 1 p.m. to-day a friend and my-
self had a 'phone message from the M.E.
Goods Yard (through the Birmingham
Gazette office), saying there was a swarm
of bees in one of their trucks, and if we
"took a hive" down and hived them we
could have same. Needless to say, this
was soon done, and by 2.40 the truck was
"unloaded" without any demurrage
charges.

I do not know if " Nature Notes" in
the Birmingham Daily Moil are intended
to educate the people, but. according to
their issue of Saturday, July 10, I think

392

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 12, 1920.

it was, speaking of fii-st swarms, they
say : " As soon as the first queen
hatches out she leaves the hive with a
lot of the bees to seek a fresh home."
And later, in same article, mentions
" bees and other animals."- Oh, dear !
Birmingham Daily Mail, who is your
writer of these "Nature Notes"? — W.
Goldsmith, Birmingham.

[The last statement is not altogether
incorrect, for though bees cannot be
classed as " animals " they belong to the
" animal " kingdom. — Eds.]

Autumn Breeding.

[10252] It would save many stamps to
bee-keepers if they referred" to my article
about the above item in _Vol. XLVII.,
October 2, 1919, Letter 10006, page 436,
British Bee Journal. I take it a wise
man keeps his Journal, and does not
throw it in the waste-paper basket as
finished, or valuable information is lost
f<^r good, and causes endless trouble to
renew. This valuable little paper is well
worth keeping for reference. Make it
part of your library for winter evenings,
— Oyril Tredcroft.

Wanted, an Explanation.

[10253] Can you, or any of your corre-
spondents excuse or explain the vagaries
of the bees, of this neighbourhood at any
rate, thi> year?

My own experience is as follows, and
several neighbours within a radius of from
half-a-mile to five miles have had more
or less similar ones. From three strong
stocks I took two good swarms before
May 9 ; these were duly hived, and very
quickly established themselves on three,
and eventually nine, frames. They were
fed whenever the weather demanded it,
even after they had made considerable
store.

In due course swarms, as well as the
original slocks, were provided with rac3-s
of sections with full sheets of wax. One
of the original stocks partially filled its
rack; and, acting on expert advice, and
against my own judgment founded on re-
peated experience of an unsatisfactory
description, I put another rack of sections
under the partially filled one — with the
result that the partially filled one was
forsaken uncompleted, and the lower
rack altogether ignored.

The other hives treated their racks of
sections with complete contempt.

All stocks are extremely strong; the
lower frames fyll of brood and honey.
But in one case they had dcliberatelv
filled up nearly all the holes in the quoen
excluder with wax, so as to prevent bees
going up to the sections 1 I have cut

out queen cells several times, fed the
bees when the weather was wet and cold
for any length of time, not unduly
" fussed " over them, which I have been
warned is often an amateur failing; the"
hives are in an ideal place, in a garden
full of fruit trees, as well as lime', privet,
jjcavia and honey-producing flowers;
within 700 yards of the front of the hives
was a large field of white clover; quite
near, the bees were also revelling in a
field of beans.

Tn May our looai expert paid me a visit,
was warm in praise of the " best stocks
he had seen so far," and complimented
me on their care and management. Last
\M ek two large swarms came out, but in
each case I secured the queen and drove
them back, and they settled down hap-
pily, and apparently are working well —
but with no surplus honey results.

I ask, what more could bees desire that
I have not done for them? Yet, if I find
twenty full sections from the four hives
it will be more than the bees at pr^ent
have given me reason to expect.

I read your Journal, as well as the
article on bees in Gardening , every week
with great interest, and shall be most
grateful for any information or criticism.
— Beatrice Grant.

[Our correspondent's experience has
been general. The behaviour of the bees
is due to the unfavourahle season. Had
there been a decent "honey flow" the
bees would have occupied and filled the
sections; they would have had no time to
get into mischief and fill up the queen
excluder. — Ed.]

Action for Damages Caused by
a Bee Sting.

[10254] Be report of action in Paisley
Sheriff Court in B.B.J, of July 22, the
report was in most of the Glasgow papers,
I read it in the Evening Times and also
in some other paper.

I think the Sheriff was very considerate
for the defender, knowing what ground
is usually attached to a house in any
residential neighbourhood. It was a most
unsuitable place to keep bees, and the
defendant was asking for trouble.

Living under similar conditions and
keeping bees, I have them about two miles
out in the country. They annoy no one,
and but for a little trouble in the hiving
season I get on all right.

As I write this I have one eye partly
closed, my nose is increased in size on one
side, and a lump on one cheek. I was out
last night visiting friends when I was
asked to look at som« hives of bees. It
was not possible to get a veil, nor did
I want one for all I had to do, but ere
I was done three bees got home. Stings
don't annoy me, but they might hurt and

Aug. 12, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

393

annoy my next door neighbour, and I
have no right to expose him to that
danger.

We are having one of the worst seasons
on record. With ten stocks I don't think
I could get 30 lbs. of honey from the lot;
some are being fed to keep them going.
■ I was in Dumfriesshire last week holi-
daying, and the same conditions were
holding there. Perhaps the heather will
help. — J. C. A., Grangemouth.

Fraternity Among Bee-Keepers.

[10255] I was quite under the impres-
sion that (10216), July 8, was " writ
sarcastic," and as I am comparatively a
novice should have left it at thai. As,
however, other bee-keepers, including men
of experience, have asked me what I made
of it, I feel that to comment on " Fox-
croft's " letter may help dispel some mis-
understanding from the mind of some
other novice.

I will confine myself to saying that if
" Foxcroft " is quoted correctly and I
were in his place —

(1) I should not be surprised if the
stock were found queenless if all queen
cells were cut out after swarm had issued.

(2) I should expect the friendly bee-
keeper responsible to cycle his nine or ten
miles pretty quickly and produce me a
queen forthwith (and not let the stock
dwindle while he " endeavoured to obtain
or rear me a queen "). '

(3) This beekeeper may be a "live"
one, but the queen and cells are gone, and
unless they are replaced the stock is as
good as dead.

Surely, Mr. Editor, your usual paren-
thetical comra.ent was mislaid by the
" printer's devil." —A. M. Walker.

\We did not see that any comment on
the letter from "Foxcroft" was needed,
and we think our correspondent has mis-
understood his letter. It does not follow
that if all queen cells were cut out the
colony was left queenless. A young queen
had probably emerged from one and was
lost later. — Eps.]

Mrs. Bevillb (Essex).— Transferring from skeps.—
Better leave the bees in the skeps till next
spring. We cannot say how much sugar they
will need, as this will depend on the amount
of honey stored in the combs. An average colony
requires from 25 to 30 lbs. of stores in the combis
for winter. You could take combs from those
that have more than they want and give to
others needing more stores. A standard comb
when full of honey contains about 5 Ibe. We
prefer to leave the ten combs if bees coyer them

all. Close the bees up on to tbe number of combs
they will cover when packing down for winter,
taking out those with the least food.

"CaiJdy" (Yorks).— Softening hard candy for
winter ?/se.— Keep it for a time in a damp place,
first removing iJne wrapping paper. We have
softened it by putting the cakes in a box, cover-
ing with a damp cloth, and closing the box lid.

" Greenfield " (Olanton).— The bees are hybrids,
but there appears to be very little Italian in
them.

Suspected Disease.

E. Mackenzie (Staffs), H. F. (Sheffield).— The bees
are affected with " I.O.W." disease.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of Zs. 6d. i$ made for noticee
(not exceeding 7 lines) in this column, 10 lines
charged 3s. 6d., up to 15 lines 6s., which covers
cost of insertion from order till date of shout. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

August 12, at Taunton.— Somerset Be«-
keepers' Association Show of Honey, Wax, and
Appliances. Seven Open Classea. Liberal prizes.
— Schedulee from Mr. P. J. J. Stacey, 3, Hammet
Street, Taunton. Entries close August 6.

August 14 and 16, at Cannock, Staffs.—
Eight open classes for honey, etc. Prize« value
£12. Schedules from J. Bird, Secretary, "Glen-
may," Allport Road. Cannock.

August 14, at Iilanelly.— Carmarthenshire
B.K.A. Show, in connection with the Llanelly and
District Horticultural Society's Show. Liberal
prizes (nearly £15) offered for Honey, Wax,
and Appliances. 15 Classes (7 Open).— Schedule*
from R. Lloyd Roberts, London Joint, City and
Midland, Llanelly. Entries close August 6.

August 18 and 19, at Coventry.— Warwick-
shire Bee-keepers' Association, in connection with
the County Agricultural Show. Lectures on both
days.— Schedules from Mr. J. R. Ingerthorpe,
Knowle, Warwicks.

August 18 and 19, at Derby.— Derbyshire
B.K.A. Honey Show to be held on the grounds
of the Derbyshire Agricultural Society. Two Open
Classes. Three Cnps in Members' Classes.— Secre-
tary, F. Meakin, 37, Pybus Street, Derby.
Entries closed.

August 25, at Chester.— Cheshire Bee-
keepers' Association, in connection with Cheshire
Agricultural Society. Several Open Classes. Good
prizes.- Schedules from Thos. A. Beckett, St.
Werburgh Chambers, Chester.

August 25, at Prestbury, Cheltenham.—
Flower, Fruit and Honey Show. Open Class for
single 1-lb. jar of honey. Several classes open to bee-
keepers living within a radius of 12 miles.- Sche-
dules from A. H. Bowen, Coronation Road,
Cheltenham. Entries close August 18.

August 28, at Hounslow.— Hounslow and
District Allotment Holders' Association Second
Annual Exhibition of Vegetables and Fruit. Honey
exhibits under the control of the Twickenham and
Thames Valley B.K.A. Open Classes for singls
bottle and section.— Schedules from Miss M. Byatt,
" Hawthorn," Han worth, Middlesex.

Saturday, August 28, at Hinckley.—
Leicestershire and Rutland Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion, In connection with Hinckley Flower Show. —
Oipen Classes for Honey, Sections and Tare. Prizes,
12s. 6d., 7s. 6d., and 4e. 6d. In each class. Jndge,
J. Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.— Schedules from A.
Kimhrell, Esq., Clarendon Road, Hinckley.
Entries close August 23.

September 1 and 2, at Glasgow. — Glasgow
and District Bee-keepers' Association Second
Annual Show, in conjunction with Glasgow and
West of Scotland Horticultural Society.* Open
Classes in Honey Section.— Schedules from Peter
Bebbington, Hon. Secretary, 65, Robertson Street,
Glasgow.

September 8, 9 and 10.— Portsmouth B.K.A.
Honey Show, in conjunction with the Portsmouth
Allotment Holders' Show, at Connaught Drill Hall,
Portsmouth. Six Open Classes. Judge, W. Herrod-
Hempsall, P.E. 8.— Schedules from Show Secretary.
Mr. J. SInnett, 154, Essex Road, Southsea.

394

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 12. 1920.

Saturday, September 11. — Fforest-Fach
Horticaltural Society, Swansea. Three Open
Classes for Honey, extracted and sections. Help
to foster bee cull this end. 1st prizes, 10s.; 2nd
and 3rd in proportion.— Schedules ready from
G. L. Williams, f forest-Fach, Swansea.

September 22.— Altrincham Show. Several
Open Classes for Honey and Appliances.— Sche-
dules from H. Turner, I, Market Street, Altrin-
cham.

October 5 to 8.— Essex Fruit and Honey Show
at Institute of Agriculture, Chelmsford. Open from
12 to 8 p.m. Admission free. I/ectures and demon-
strations each day.— Schedules from G. K. Alder,
7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.

November' 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Classes in Honey
■Section.— Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Roa<d, Worcestej-. Entries close Novem-
ber 6.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Will advertisers please read these Rules care-
fully in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade adierttsements o/ Bees. Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as "Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately ander ttie
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 5s. per Jin , or 5s. per inch,

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or Imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER than
FIRST POST on the ^th of the month for
insertion in the next month's Record.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

TEN 1920 Queens, British-Italian Hybrids, first
croes, 7s. 6d. each— WHITE, Penny Hill,
Holbcach, Lines. h.27

TWO STOCKS good healthy Bees, 8 and 10
frames, 7-*. 6J. frame, carriage paid; box 12s.,
returnable.— BEESON, Southwell, Notts. h.28

1?0R SALE, good Swarms of Bees, Italian cress,
May, June and early July.-STRATTON, St.
Andrew's, Warminster. h.29

BEES.— Few surplus Stocks, fine strain, 703., car-
riage forward.— UNDERWOOD, .Cogenhoe,
Northampton. h.30

GOOD VALUE.— Three Stocks on 5 frames, brood
and stores, covered with becis, s+rong and
vigorous, 50s. each, or £7 5s. the lot, carriage naid;
boxes free: nrolific 1920 Queen, 59.- ALUN JONES,
Halkyn, Flintshire. h.31

I^INEST GOLDEN HONEY, sample 6d.: also
Swarms.— NORTH, Cressing, Braintree, Esi^ex.

h.33

STRONG, ln-althy Stocks of Italian Bees on 10
*'r'inH-' 'nitl strung Swanns, al=f) on frames,
tor Sale.— P.VINE, Dovenden, TenttrJen, Kent.
h.34

OFFERS WANTED.-One Stock of Bees (crosG-
breds) on 8 frames, one Nucleus, 5 frames;
tr!iv.pllinq: bn\r.= reCurr'nble; aI=o 6 lbs. of Wax.—
BTIOWN, 3, Maidens Bridge, Waltham Cross, h.35

TWO strong, healthy. Stocks of Bees for Sale,
plenty of brood and honey, with Hives, £10. —
BEATLEY, 23, Tirlemont Road, S. Croydon, h.36

OTRONG, healthy lO-frame Stocks Hybrid Bees,
O just cleared from supers with this year's
Queens, 50s. each; boxes to be returned.—
VINCENT, 132, Croydon Roa.d, Anerley, S.E. h.37

TWO ihealthy Stocks of Bees for Sale on 10"
frames, £3 each.— BURGESS, Newport
Pagnell, Bucks. h.38

HYBRID BEES, 79. 6d. per frame; splendid
workers; overstocjced. — COOKSON, Beech
Cottage. Longton, Preston. h.39

SURPLUS 1920 Hybrid Fertile Queens-, Penna
strain, 7s. 6d. each, post free. — EVANS, Latti-
ford, Wincanton, Somerset. h.40

FEW STOCKS of Italians and Hybrids, packed
with bees, on 10 frames, £4; boxes 12s., return-
able.—HENSLEY, Luton Apiary, Queen's Road,
Chatham. h.41

SIX STOCKS of healthy Bees for Sale on 6 or 8
frames, £2 10s. and £3.— J. & J. WILLATTS,
20, Howitt Street, 'Hyson Green, Nottingham, h.42

SURPLUS.— Twenty-five Stocks of Bees on 10
frames, crowded mostly, headed' by. yonng
Penna Queens; will sell separate if required £3
per stock.— MASC.\LL, Bridge Foot Apiary, Rad-
winter. Saffron Walden, Essex. h.43

-J n-FRAM-E Stocks Italian Hybrids, 1920 Queens,
-LU crowded with bees, just right for heather,
£3 10s., carriage paid; immediate delivery; crate
10s., returnable.^ANTHONY, 34, Knavesmire
Crescent, York. h.44

BARGAIN.— Strong Stock of pure Dutch Bees,
pure Queen, on eight 16 x 10 frames, plenty
brood, price £4, carriage extra; body box (for
W.B.C.) 103'., returaabla.— FROST, 28, Chatfield
Road, Sheffield. h.45

WANTED, Observation Hive, one frame.— DAY,
St. Asaph, Stevenage. h.46

FOUR STOCKS HYBRIDS, Geared Extractor,
new Frames, 56 lbs. Candy, Metal Ends, Foun-
dation, Observation Hive; £30 the lot, or near
offer. Must clear owing to alterations. Can be
seen any time; any examination.— 44, Ashburnham
Road, W. Greenwich. h.47

STRONG STOCK ITALIAN HYBRIDS, £3, car-
riage paid.— SPILLER, "Cresta," St. Fagan's,
Cardiff. " h.48

TWO STOCKS BEES for Sale, one on 7 combs,
1920 Queen, £2 10s.; other 10 combs, full, Penna

1919 Queen, £4. Purchaser to remove or eend
travelling box.— WILSON, 33, Turney_^ Road, Dul-
wichj S.E. 21. h.53

ITALIAN BEES.— Several strong 10-frame Stocks,
1920 Queens, 8s. per frame; ready for heather;
never had disease; 109. box, returnable,, less car-
riage; immediate delivery.— 13ox 101, B.B.J. Office,
23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2. h.64

A FEW lots of good, healthy Bees on from 5 to 8
standard frames, 8s. per frame, carriage paid.
Travelling box to be returned.- WRIGHT, Water-
works, Sutton Poyntz, near Weymouth. h.5

IT'OUR 8-frame Hybrid Italian Stocks only remain-
ing unsold, guaranteed healthy, £3 5s., car-
riage paid; box to be returned promptly; one pore
Italian Penna 1920 Queen on 8 frames, £4; two

1920 Hybrid Queens, 7s. 6d. each, and one pure
Italian'. 9s. Cash or deposit.— D. R. BERNARD,
Glenizla, Upper Deal, Kent. h.8 f

SURPLUS.— Two 3-comb Nuclei, 40s.; two 6-comb
Stocks, 63s.; four fertile cross-bred Queens,
58.; travelling bexejj returnable, — DAVEY.
Mawneys, Romfopd. h.8l

Aug. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

395

•1 9 STOCKS of healthy Bees on 10 framee, ready
1^ for supering, £3 5s. per lot, and 10s. for
box, returnable. Inspection with pleasure.— F.
HOLLOW AY. Windmill House, Croxby Green,
Herts. r.h.l

READY FOR HEATHER.— Eeducing apiary.
For Sale, 10-frame Stocks, 1920 Italian Queens,
price £3 15s., free on rail; carriers returnable.—
ASHWQRTH, Weymouth Street, Warminster. h.20

IPOR SALE, one 18-in. bevel-geared Extractor,
. 13-Ln. Ripener, one Uncapping Table with
trays, knives, etc., 12 crates of drawn-out C!omb
Supers. Offers.- 14, Mill Road, Salisbury. r.g.l76

Wjy f^ PATTERN HIVES, never used,
.JD.Vy. painted white, lOs. and I5s. each.
Honey Press, Foundation, Swarm Catchers, Sec-
tions, etc., at half cost.— THOS. THIRKILL,
Kirkby iMalzeard, Ripon. r.g.181

A FEW surplus Stocks Bees for Sale on 8 combs,
prico 70S.-HEATHERLANDS BEE FARM,

Thursley, Godalming. r.g.203

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE, Marl-
borough. r.g.205

FOR SALE, cheap, strong, healthy Stocks, new
4-frame reversible Cowan, Ripeners, Foun-
dation, Wire, Frames, Hives, Electric Embedder,
etc. Particulars, stamp.— GEORGE, -Oak Drive,
Oswestry. g.206

HAVE only a few 6-, 8-, or 10-frame Stocks left;
four very fine 1920 Italian Queens to spare;
guaranteed healthy. Stamp reply.— CROWE,
Merriott, Crewkerne. r.g.l91

BUSINKSS ADVERTISBM^ITTS.

lid. per word-

1 QOn FERTILE Dutch Queens, Ss.— EX-SER-
luZi\J VICE MEN'S HORTICULTURAL
SCHOOL, Cherryhinton Road, Cambridge. h.32

SELECT STOCK " direct from famous Ameri-
can breeders, " Moore, Kentucky," " Davie,
Tennessee," " Forehands, Alabama," strains, noted
for honey gathering and disease-resisting qualities.
Strong 3-frame Nuclei, 35s.; 4-frame, 40s.; 6 and
8-frame Stocks, 55s. and 72s.— GEARY, Florist,
Barwell, Hinckley. h.50

ITALIANS.-<!an spare few Nuclei, 3 combs
crowded, 1920 Queens, 25s. each.— BOWREY,
Swallowfield, Berks. li.51

MASHEATH iMEMS.— My visitors greatly admire
your hives. It is fun to hear them say what
fine hives they have— until they see yours, when
one hears no more abotit their own.— M. ATKIN-
SON, Fakenham. h.52

ITALIAN HYBRID QUEENS.— Fertilee, lOs..
virgins, 4s. Satisfaction or replaced.— JACK
TIOKELL, Westbourne Apiary, Cheltenham, h.54

1Q9n FERTILE (Italian Hybrids) Queens.—
j-U^Kj Wonderful strain. A number can now
be had by return; prices, 10s. 6d. selected, others
8e. 6d.— HOSEGOOD, 26, Purley Park Road,
Purley, Surrey. h.55

SURPLUS.— Strong 10-frame Stocks with brood
box, good condition, £4, carriage paid; healthy
Driven Bees with Queen, 10s. per lot; extra strong
lots, 12s. 6d., carriage paid; box returnable.—
E. G. BANHAM, West Meon, Hants . h.56

DRIVEN BEES, strong lots, young Queens, 10s.
per lot; boxes free and carriage paid; cash
with order.— RUSBRIDGE, Newdigate, Surrey.

n.57

FEW 4-frame Nuclei, " Hybrids," 368., boxes
free, carriage paid; Hivee, W.B.C. pattern,
with stock box, 25s.; Queen Excluders, 2s.; Section
Backs, 2s. 6d. Cash with order.— F. SOFTLY,
Letchworth, Herts. li,68

DRIVEN BEES, with Queen, Hybrids, good
workers, 86. 6d. per lot, carriage paid; cash.—
LEIGH, Broughton, Hants. h.59

FAMOUS HYBRID COTSWOLD QUEENS,
10s. 6d. ; specially selected, 12s. ; strong 6-frame
Colonies, 65s. (An excellent opportunity to secure
high-class stock from Cotswold queen-rearing
apiaries).— LIEUT. BOWEN, Queen Specialist,
Cheltenham. h.60

SILVER MEDAL QUEENS.—" Finest I have
ever seen "—vide testimonial. From 7s. 6d. If
interested send postcard for booklet.— EDWARDS,
22, Bart-s. Road, Reading. h.61

DRIVEN BEES with Queen, towards end of
month, 10s. 6d. per lot,- boxes returnable;
spare Queens, 4s. each.— MORETON, Hallow,
Worcester. h.62

STRICTLY BUSINESS.— Imported Italian Fertile
Queens : Special discount to D.B's. Flavine
Candy: Now being made up. Sainfoin Honey;
Now being extracted. Free samples Flavine on
request.- S. H. SMITiH, 30, Maid's Causeway^
Cambridge. Ji.63

ITALIAN QUEENS, pure imported. Us. 6d. each;
safe delivery guaranteed; immediate delivery.
-O. T. OVERTON & SONS, Crawley. r.h.49

ITALIANS.— Choice Virgins, 3s.; also Fertilee.
Particulars, stamp.— HOUSTON, Ellen Villa,
Sidcup. r.g.l25

PURE ITALIANS, 1920 Penna imported Queens,
6 frames, 60s., 8, 70s., 10, 80s., carriage paid;
boxes returnable; Hybrids lOs. less; 1920 Hybrid
Queens, 7s.— WADHAM, Gold Street, Cardiff.

r.g.210

FEW STRONG NUCLEI for immediate delivery
(weather permitting), crowded with bees, brood
and stores, 1920 Queens, hybrids; exceptionally
good strain; perfectly healthy; inspection invited;
3 combs, 40s.; 4 combs, 50s.; 6 combs, 60s.; box 10s.
extra, returnable.— STEVENSON, Thames View
Apiary, Flack well Heath, Bucks. r.g.222

HEALTHY DRIVEN BEES, with Queen, lOs.
per lot, carriage paid; boxes returnable. Cash
with order. Orders in rotation.— PULLEN, Rams-
bury, Hungerford. r.g.211

ITALIAN QUEENS from Penna's queen, virgins
4s., fertile 9s. 6d. ; Hybrid ' Italians, virgins
3s. 6d., fertile 8s. 6d.; Hybrid Stocks on 4 frames,
503.; box, returnable, lOis.- WARD, Deesid©
Nursery, West Kirby. r.g.215

WANTED, Stevenson Skyscraper Hives; must
be good condition and free from disease;
good price given.— Box 99, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2. r.g.216

4-FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 50s.; box charged lOs., returnable;
6-frame Stocks, 70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 903. Imme-
diate delivery (weather permitting). Italian
fertile Queens, 10s. 6d. English Run Honey and
Sections wanted.- LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary,"
Burgess Hill, Sussex. r.g.ll4

CHOICE home-reared Italian QueenB, 10s. ;
Virgins, 4s. 6d.; July-September.— MISSE8
PALING & PILLANS, Golden Square, Henfield,
Sussex. r.g.82

STRONG 3-FRAME NUCLEI, 1920 fertile
Queens, 303.; box Ss., returnable; Stocks on 8
frames, 60s; boxes lOs., returnable.— W. WOODS,
Normandy, near Goildford. g.63

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt delivery;
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing stock, August-September.— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. r.g.24

" T^riGHT " DISEASE, prevention and removal;

Tt advice 63.— ALFD. RYALL, Kenwood

Apiary. Elcombe, Stroud. rJi.S

396

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 12, 1920

1Q9A FERTILS Oold«n Italian Qneena,
XfJ^yj guaranteed imported direct from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, lOs. each;
specially selected, 14s.— GQODAEE, New Cross,
Wedneefield. f.69

"T8LB OP WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

X use the eolation that cures; as. per bottle.—

B. PRESSET, fit. Elmo, Couledon. r.d.l49

AVE YOU BEAD "THE BEE WOELD "»

If not, why notf Bveiry number in Itsell ia

a useful literary work for practice and reference.

Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB.

Port Hill HouM, Benson, Oxoa.

Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire
Bee-Keepers' Association,

The HONEY SHOW of the above Association
will be held in conjunction with the Royal Horti-
cultural Society's Show in the DUTHIE FABK,
ABERDEEIT, on August 19, 20 and 21, 1920.

Exhibitors must send a lis/t of their entries to
the Seceetarv, Edwin R«zin, 20, Belmont Street,
Aberdeen, on or before Saturday, the 14th instant.
He will on application issue to entrants particulars
of the Rules regulating the Show, the Schedule of
Prizes, and Entry Forme.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.
E. PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY.

I assunle again the direct sale of my queens.
Special offers from July 10 till countermanded.
For queens in lots of 4 at a time ;^1 8s. Cash
with orders. Payment by cheques or British
Postal Orders, international Money Orders
are not accepted. I do not hold myself
responsible for the queens that are not sent
by me direct to customers. All orders should
be sent direct to me. In May the queens
dead in the journey have been less than 1 %

ORDERS BOOKED IN ROTATION.

Would You Winter 100% ?

Then have some of Clarke's " I.O.W." cure

and preventive on the floor of your hives from

now onward. No spraying, simply a powder.

Don't let your bees die.

3/6 per packet, post free.

G. J. CLARKE, Biythburgh, HALESWORTH

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address :

Signor Gaetano Plana,
Castel San Pietro.
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Heinpsall has
personally inspected the apiary
«nd methods employed, with whieo
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOR 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,

9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B,B,J,"
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signer
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ," and
" B.K.R," can be addressed to him, c/o Britisii Bee
Journal, 23, Bpdford Street, Strand, L«idon, W.C.a.
Cbeques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
*' Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send (or full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings. LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

w.

HEBBOD-HEUPSAI.Ii, 83, Bedford
Street, Strand, Ijondon, W.C.8-

SEND

MEADOWS,

A Necessity on all Hives all
the Year Round.

SUPER CLEARER.
QUEEN EXCLUDER.
WINTERING BOARD,

&c,
FOR KAT.A.LOG

Syston, Leicester.

POSITIVE FACTS* jum 13/^, 1920.

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly pref«r it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and worliing but a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back of the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in 16 X 10 frames.-

Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY,
Illustrated Lists free by post.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent

Aug. 12, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOtmNAL. iii_

Ijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiim

I DADANT'S I
I WEED FOUNDATION. I

= nPHIS Foundation is made from ^

^ -^ pure Beeswax and guaranteed =

= free from all disease germs. =

= Give your bees the BEST, and the =

= best is DADANT'S. |

^ No acids or other chemicals are =

= used in the manufacture, and the =

= makers guarantee that " EVERY =

I INCH. EVERY POUND, EVERY |

^ TON, is equal to any sample ever =

^ sent out." =

E We have just received a fresh con- =

= signment, and are in a position to =

= give immediate despatch. =

= Rear healthy bees on clean, natural =

= combs. =

= None genuine without the water- =

I mark "DADANT" on every sheet. =

= Our Catalogue, entitled "Everything for an Apiary," =

= /5 sent post free on Application. =

I R. STEELE & BRODIE, |

= Bee Appliance Makers, =

I WORMIT, FIFE. I

TiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiMiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiNniiiiiiiiiininiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin

J^ THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Aug. 12, 1920.

H .(^^^^ Eee's Bge Supplies, g

In design, material and workman- J4

ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain y;^

the reputation of being your best and w

safest investment. O

f a a B

q Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CAT A- w

LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the fi

most up-to-date hives and appliances XX.

for which the House of Lee is famous. Jl^

a 0 a Jl(

fT We regret the necessity of having Jl^

" to advise our Customers that owing J;;^

to the increased cost of production, all W

prices in 1920 price list are subject to O

10% increase. The increase will not o

apply to orders received before May 10. TX

*^* Five per cent discourrt to Members of O

THE APIS CLUB. M

JAMES LEE & SON, g

LTD., n

Uxbridge, Middlesex. S

W (Telegrams: Graphicly. Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 18L) W

c(

RACTEROl "

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The^ cure for, and preventive of,

*' Isle of Wight ' Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MENLEY & JAMES. LTD.,

Menley Honse, Hatton Garden, E.C 1.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

Sid. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS. QUEENLAND. HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manufacture of 6ee
appliaruxa, and therefore my prices will be advanced 10% from May 10th. Books excepted.

PaiNiro BY THB AvBNUB Pbkbs (L. Upcott Gill & Son, Ltd.), 56-57, Deuey Lank, London, W.C, ihd
Pdblishko por ihk Peopbietoe (W. Hkeeod-Hbhpsall), by Sihpkin, Maeshall, iHahiltom,
EufT & Co.. Ltd.. 21 & 32, PAiiKNOBTia Bow. £.C.

British Beb Jotjbnai, and Bn-KBEPSBS' Adyiseb, August 19, 1920.

SEP1319W

No. 1991. Vol. XLVIII

AUGUST 19, 1920.

\Vubliihedi every Thursday, Price 2d.

co:tf'xsEirfi!s,

PAQB

Obitbaey Notice—

Mr. T. Bevan 397

A Dorset Yaen 398

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 399

An Occasional Growl 400

The Season of 1920 , 400

Jottings from S. Wales 401

Visit to West of Scotland Agricultural

■College Apiary 401

Scottish Bee-keepers' Association 401

Bransgore Agricultural Show 402

Honey Imports 402

Weather Report 402

Correspondence—

Fraternity Among Bee-keejers 403

Virgin Queen in Supers — 403

Swarm in a Hedge 403

Action for Damages Caused by a Bee Sting 403

Screen for Road 404

Notes from Wallingford 404

Advice to Beginners 404

Queries and Replies—

Using Foreign Honey for Feeding 405

Notices to Correspondents 405

Bee Shows to Come 405

FOOD FOR BEES.

Owing to the continued bad weather there is a
Hke]ihood shortage this Winter. To prevent loss
of ^Stocks order at once TAYLOR'S renowned

SYRUP

In tins, 71b., 14 lb. and 28 lb. at 1/3 per lb.,

Carriage extra.
We are in a position to supply, without vouchers,

the best

CANDY

made from pure Sugar, plain or medicated, 1/6 lb.
Carriage extra.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

Telephone— WELWYN 13.

THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Aug. 19, 1020.

THE

British Bee JournaE

OfBce

Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.

USTABLIBHED 1873.

A Vr'.-ekly Journal Devoted to
Interests of Bee-keepers.

the

Edlterl by T. W. COWAIT, F.Ii.S., &c.,
and J. HERBOD-HEKEFSAIiIi. F.E.S.

Ooprespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literaxy Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communicationB and matters
relating to subscriptionB and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SnbMriptionS. - Annual Subscription,
lUs. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2i.,or 2^d. post free. If a receipt ia required
ly post, a stamped and addressed envelope
:uTist be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Hemittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Clieques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpennp stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for oommisaion
charged by banks for caching them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the msuiufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogue* to advertisers ia uie paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yon are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing with strangers.

Bules and Conditions lor Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not he despatched until notice that
the money has been depoeited is received from
this ofBce.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
nniil we are sstiBfied that the purchaae is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to (he seller
the amount deposited, less a chsrge of Vi
per cent, in the £,. with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses ot Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
*• return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and eellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheque* must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempeall, and croesed "London
County and Westmingter Bank." The numbers of
ib» Poetal Orders should be kept by the sender.

We cannot be responaible for any loss thai may
sccur in tranalt.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be eoM
by sample, whicii must be eent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
caeh ontil transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queeus.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when ttie purchaee is satisfactorily
completed caeh will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.— These are at the seller'*
ri&k, t.«., any damage to or Ices of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; biit a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it,

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
iuch as are sent by post, is payable b^ the buyer,
unless otiierwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

7/6

6/.
5/.

1/-

Postage
... S^d.

... 6id.
... 4d.

2/6

3/6

... 3d.
... 4d.

4/6

.. 3d.

-/3
-/6 .
-/2 .

.. Id.
.. Id.
.. Id.

5/. .
3/-

.44d.
.. 2d.

A Modern Bee Farm

Advanced Bee Culture

(Hutchinson)

Beginner's Bee Book (PELLsn)
BB£-K£EPZNG SZMFI.IFIi:D

FOB THB COTTAGES AND

SMAIiIiHOIiDBB (W. Hesrod-

Hbmpsaix, F.E.S.)

BRITISH BEB • XEEPEXtS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers

Cloth covers

Dissectible Model of Queen

Bee

FERTILISATION OF FRUIT

BLOSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan)

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ...
Honey Vinegar (Ebv. G. Bancks)
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock)

Management of Out Apiaries
Prevention of Swarming

(Wilkes)

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hooper, F.R.H.S.)
PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

Herrod-Hempball, F.E.S.)
Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladen)

Scientific Queen Rearing

(Doolittle)

The " Townsend " Bee Book ...
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ...

MISCELLANEOUS.

Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee
The Lore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER EdWARDES)

THE BEE WORLD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(TiCKNER EDWARDES)

Britisli Bee Journal & Record Office,

28. Bbdfobd Stebbt, stbans London. W.Ot.

2d.

1/-

-/6

Id.

Id.

a/.

... 3d.

1/6

... 2d.

4/- .
2/6

2/. .

.. 3id.
.. 2d.
.. 2id.

5/.
2/-

. 3d.
2id.

./8 ... lid.
7/6 ... 4Jd.

Aug. 19, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

.397

Obituary Notice.

Mr. Thomas Bevan.
It is with the deepest regret that we
record the death of Mr. T. Bevan, which
occurred suddenly on July 17. Mr. Bevan
was a horticulturist of great experience
and skill, and was well known to a wide
circle of Metropolitan horticulturists. He
was born in 1848, and in the early days
of his horticultural career, which com-
menced in 1862, he spent some time at
the Eoyal Horticultural Society's Gardens
at Chiswick. He received his training in

were his favourite flower). He was a
member of the Council of the Hospital
Saturday Fund, a governor of Brompton
Hospital, and for many years had been
on the Council of the British Bee-keepers'
Association. Mr. Bevan was superin-
tendent of St. Marylebone Cemetery,
Finchley, for 30 years, retiring from that
position about a year ago.

Mr. Bevan commenced bee-keeping 30
years ago, his interest being aroused by
his acquaintance with a Mr. "Ward, of
Highgate, who had about half a dozen
stocks in movable comb hives. He not
only liked honey as a food, but held that
bees were very necessary to the gardener
for fertilising blossoms, masses of which
he produced for decorative purposes.
Though he did not go in for bee-keeping
on a large soale, he derived great pleasure

MR. AND MRS. T. BEVAN.

fruit culture, tree grafting, etc., at the
Municipal Horticultural Establishment at
La Minette, Paris, where he was when the
Franco-German war broke out in 1870.
He was a very acceptable lecturer on both
horticulture and bees, and has acted as
judge at important horticultural shows on
the Continent — Paris, Ghent, Lyons,
Turin, etc. — and had himself also received
several awards, including the gold medals
of the Eoyal Horticultural and Boyal
Botanic Societies. He also received a
diploma and gold medal at the Paris Exhi-
bition of 1900. He was a member of
several horticultural societies, and was for
a long time chairman of the National
Chrysanthemum Society (chrysanthemums

from watching the bees at work on the
various flowers, and planted borage and
other flowers for their use. He kept bees
for the love of them, ten stocks probably
being the highest number he ever had.
More he had not the time to manage, as
the time of year when bees need attention
is also the busiest time of the year for
those producing plants and preparing
places to receive them. He was always
pleased to lend bees and appliances at the
local flower shows, and had some success
as an exhibitor of honey, etc. During a
tour he made in Italy he met some of the
expert bee-keepers there, and brought
home charts and information.
Sometimes the bees would have aa

398

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Aug. 19, 1920.

attack of " swarming fever " just as he
wanted to get away for a holiday, or to
fulfil some engagement, whicli would be
delayed perhaps for two or three days,
until the bees had settled down; but the
joy of possessing a strong swarm seemed
to quite compensate him for the trouble
and inconvenience of hiving them. His
genial personality, experience, and advice
will be missed at the Council meetings by
his fellow-members, by whom he was held
in high esteem. Mr. and Mrs. Bevan cele-
brated their golden wedding on March 13
last, when the photographs which we give
were taken. Mr. Bevan leaves a widow,
son, and daughter to mourn their loss,
and to them we, and all who knew Mr.
Bevan, extend our sympathy.

A Dorset Yarn,

" Will you come and look at our bees?
they are not working in the stipers."
This was from a' lady living at Poole,
who had come five miles on a push-cycle
on Sunday. She looked disappointed
when I said, "I cannot come till even-
ing." Looking at our lot crowded with
bees, some of them were giving off a
great noise with so many bees, she said,
"Mine are not like these, for. numbers
or noise." Looking through her hives
in the evening, there was a fine crowd
of bees, no crawlers about on the ground,
only three bars had brood, there could
not have be/en 4 ozs. of stores in the
whole ten combs. They were a bit too
far from the heather, and with so much
wet, they were staiTing for food ; the
queen could not fill the empty cells,
there was no food to feed her or the
larvae. If this is like other nuclei sent
from the re-stocking centres, in my
opinion it will be a bad winter for bees ;
T advised them to write for a sugar
ration and feed strong.

Late last night, another bee-keeper (a
head gardener) came to me. Would I see
his lot? He had a swarm on the 12th;
his employer advised him to put them in
a new hive and feed up for increase.
They were a fine lot; they had in the
three days built a good bit of comh. I
happened to have five bars ready made
up, and we soon had the bees running
into the hive; -tliey are in the heather
area, so these will get a good lot of
stores.

Ouf lot have done a good week's work.
They arc filling ujd the outer racks of
sections (the.se had been lifted up in early
June to give another over the brood
nest), the three end ones in each are
the last to be finished, but they are now
fiiling and furnishing them. . j lifted to
see if the lower ones were complete. In

all but one instance they were filled, one
that had swarmed twice had not touched
the thin foundation, but of course it had
not the population. Another lot thq^t
had swarmed in June, after it had two
racks of sections given it, has taken
another spell of section filling, and the
bees are finishing off the end ones in the
upper rack — nearly two months without
adding to surplus, it looks as if the new
queen had to fill the bars with young
brood twice, before thei'e were enough
bees to gather any.

The best for production this season is a
stock started with four bars with the
queen and plenty of capped brood in
May. These have never swarmed^' but
have looked as if they would several
times ; each evening they have lined the
outer case with their numbers, there
could not \)o room for them inside the
brood nest and sections, these have com-
pleted two; they have now four others,
ithree ol them partly filled by otther
stocks, but which did not look like com-
pleting them. To keep them from get-
ting too hot, I lifted the front of the
outer case with .an inch strip, also placed
more strips between the lifts at the back,
so that there was a current of air all
round the brood nest; this is a tarred
hive, made of sugar boxes ; if one lifts
the front one must lift the back, or
when there are four racks on top the
lifts will not cover them, as it would not
be level.

A lot with four bars in June has com-
pleted two racks, and has another partly
finished one added to it ; but the most
rapid workers are those with the stan-
dard bars on the top of sections. These
seem to give them an extra incentive to
store up surplus. I was away three days
at Taanton; the extra capped over in
those three fine days was very ifiarked.
It is not all ling heather from which
they get their stores, though there are
a great number of bees on it ; butt many
thousands are on the ragweed, a species
of Senecio, a large-headed groundsel that
is abundant in some pastures — it is the
plant on which the Cinnabar moth lays
her eggs and the caterpillar feeds^ in
suremei*. This plant makes very poor
honey ; according to some writers it is
the worst gathered in the year, but the
heather gathered at the same time gives
the better flavour to the honey, and the
ragweed cannot be found disagree-
able. There are still a lot of male chest-
nut blossoms on some of the trees, but
charlock is in abundance in the fields of
mangel and swedes ; so much wet, it has
been impossible to keep it down by
hceing.

We have not had such good results as

Aug. 19, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOUENAL.

399

last year up to the present, but we shall
do' very well for a wet season. When
bees coiild not work, we have increased
our stocks, and cannot expect to have it
all ways, but so many have had a poor
harvest this year. A visitor from 5Vind-
sor said their harvest always finished in
July. We shall have an extra month of
good weather ; cannot yet tell what the
total yield will be ; we have many stan-
dard and shallow bars that will weigh
up well at , the end.

Bees are rapidly on the increase in
Dorset; one bee-keeper (after five years
ir) India) had one lot in March, 1919,
now he has thirty in skeps and boxes.
Another one writas he has still a lot for
sale ; without a doubt, bees are getting
more resistant to the malady that has
devastated them so long.— J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

From Bournemouth to Cowes is no great
distance, yet it enabled ns to get from
cloudy skies and many showers to blue sky
and cheering sunshine. The Cowes re-
gatta was in progress on our arrival, and,
as it had been in abeyance for five years,
a goodly company of people was there.
The townspeople were overjoyed to see the
place so lively once again, and we entered
into their spirit of elation, but one must
confess one was not quite prepared to
hear an Isle of Wight cleric say, "How
delightful ! I am so pleased to see so
many old Cowes faces once again." Doubt-
less we are all guilty of expressing our-
selves clumsily at times, as when a certain
divine, hoping the spark of love might be
planted in every breast, prayed that the
spark might be well watered from above.
The white wings on the Solent looked gay
and fascinating, but we, or at least I,
could not keep my thoughts from other
wings — those of the honey bee. Here we
were on so charming an island— pleasing
prospects from every point — and yet the
most dreaded disease among apiculturists
bore the island's name. Oowes, Ventnor,
Eyde, Yarmouth, Shanklin, Newport, why
did Microsporidiosis develop its sinister
power midst your fields and gardens?
More hives of bees than inhabitants of
your island have perished since your bee-
keepers first noticed the disease sixteen
years ago. Sixteen years, and still we
are baffled ; not one of ns can put forth a
sure and certain cure. We have discovered
that the protozoan in the chyle stomach is
not Nosema Apis, which is something, but
how one wishes some great mind in your
island woiild discover a specific, and so
wipe out the disease and enable n® to visit
your beautiful watering places with sub-
conscious and conscious pleasure; while at

present we experience a conscious pleasure
and a sub-conscious pain.

We left the island by the Southampton
boat, and landed at that ancient town in
a downpour, and ever since the weather
has been showery, alas! The middle of
August is here; therefore it is not the
least likely we shall get much more surplus
honey. Indeed, we shall be thankful if our
hives have plentiful stores. It is up to all
of us, if the weather does not improve, to
do all we can to stimulate our queens to
lay ! lay ! ! lay ! ! ! Otherwise there will be
many sad hearts before the spring of 1921
is here.

I have been demonstrating a little
lately, and found myself one day in an
apiary of Holmewoods. So recently I
wrote of the good temper of these bees.
Alas! that they should belie their char-
acter on this occasion. From the first
hive I received a sting right between the
eYes;-*lie next hive sent forth a youngster
to puncture the back of my head: "and
another hive resented angrilv any inter-
ference, and six zealous little ladies got
their stings home in various parts of my
visage. The result of this was a face very
like a well-pummelled pugilist's. Poor
things, they meant well, and tl^ought I
meant evil. Considering bees are always
anxious to be busy — dull, damp days -one
after another must perforce irritate them,
and we freely forgive them their little
pricks. One is more pained at the thought
that each sting left behind means one bee
less in the world.

This morning comes a letter asking what
flowers are open for bees in August, the
writer adding that every flower in her dis-
trict seems over. Doubtless much depends
upon the district and the soil, but here-
aboiits I can walk a mile and gather many
different kinds. To cheer up the discon-
solate I will mention some of them, most
of which are worked by bees for pollen
or nectar, or both. There is the brown
Reed mace, the Blue Devil's Bit scabions.
Succory, Blue -bottle, and Giant bell
flower, while purple flowers are a great
show. Betony, Fine-leaved heath, Knap-
weeds or Hardheads, Campions, Field gen-
tians. Crane's bills, Ketchlings, Valerians
and Stork's bill, not forgetting the Willow
herb the bees are so fond of iust now.
White flowers, too, are sprinkled about —
Millefoil, Oxpye, Sneezewort. Mayweed.
Hemlock, Hedge parsley. Water crowfoot,.
Dutch clover, Goatweed. Meadow swoot.
Fumitorv, Great and Stone bedstraw,
Speedwell, and Arrowhead are some of the
plants flowerins; to-day. As for the
vellow flowers, their name is legion ; at no
time in the year does Nature leave us
withoTit vellow flowers. At this time
Tansy and Golden rods, Ragwort and Corn
marigolds, Hawkwecd and Nippleworts,

400

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Aug. 19, 1920.

Hawkbit and Dandelions, Bocket and
Charlock, Hop trefoil and Loosestrife, Tor-
men til and Agrimony, St. John's Wort
and' Melilot hold sway. Some, like Agri-
mony, will soon be over ; others, like Hawk-
week and Charlocli, will continue flower-
ing right into November. It is sur-
prising, to the uninitiated, what a lot of
nectar is found in cornfields. Hidden
from view by the standing corn, flowers
nevertheless make good — farmers will call
them weeds; they are, but not useless to
the farmer who keeps bees — and it is no
uncommon sight to see bees winging their
way to fields of wheat and finding all they
want from the flowers unseen by man,
until the reaper comes swishing along and
reveals the beauties the bees had seen
before us. Let the corn be cleared, and
then we shall walk across the stubble and
sing, with Van Dyke —

' ' For us the fields are new,
For us the woods are rife
With fairy secrets deep and true,
And Heave^l'is but a tent of blue
Above the game of life."

E. F. Hemming.

The Rectory, Steeple Gidding.

An Occasional Growl.

The weather is— TJgh ! rain, rain, and
then more rain. This morning my opti-
mistic neighbour greeted me — " Eh, man!
it's the pride of the morning," at which
time it was teeming down, -and it's still
coming— hard. Well, "it's a long lane,
etc.," but this season beats every previous
attempt at beating the Noah's Ark period,
and the result for surplus in this district
is the worst in my experience.

Many hives hold big stocks of bees, with
barely enough stores to enable them to
live on the "hand to mouth" principle;
and heavy feeding will have to be the
order of the day to carry the stocks
through the coming winter and spring, so
get your requisitions- in for the 14 lbs. per
stock, Government grant, and then yon
will be able to purchase the sugar at the
same rate as if you had no grant !

Yes 1 I'm in the same street as Pat. for
*' I'm agin the Governmint." You have
probably heard of a scheme adopted for
stocking the counti-y anew with bees ; well,
if the so-called Dutch bees that I have
been pestered with are a fair sample cf
their kind, then there must be some bee-
keepers who will agree with my opinion
that they are " dog-goned rotters," for
when they were not busy swarming thoy
carried on developing their leg miiscles ly
holding walking contests — Yes! " over .the
top " too, Mr. Hemming, and I don't
think there's anything new about it either.
As regards the Flavine remedy for

" Isle of Wight " disease, I am pleased to
note some members of the fraternity have
achieved satisfactory results from its appli-
cation ; at the same time, in my case this
summer, it failed to have the slightesTi
effect on a stock thoroughly sprayed on
June 8, 12 and 16, although on former
occasions it appeared to prove beneficial.

The County Bee supply schemes are, in
my opinion, somewhat mixed blessings.
Here in Staffordshire we have an expert
whose time is chiefly occupied in breeding
bees to supp]y~bee-keepers who had lost all
their stocks ; and what homes some of these
have landed at has only been discovered
when too late ! No fault of the expert, but
most discouraging facts ; and, by the way,
he is not one of Mr. Mauley's pet aver-
sions, third class, but first class, although
I suppose he started to climb the tree at
the bottom like some others did. Anyway,
it is gratifying to know he is not spread-
ing Dutch bees about the country, as I
am sorry to note one first class county
expert is doing.

The queen bees imported and distributed
under the Government scheme received by
me have proved quite satisfactory —
although late ; but when compared with
the hoped for delivery of three queens,
ordered and paid for in March, 1919, and
still on order with a noted British queen
breeder of Italians, it was really a light-
ning process. Here I will close, with the
hope that all who read this have had a
better season during 1920 than we have
in this district.- — E. Jacques, Lichfield.

[Our con-espondent has "got 'em bad."
We hope now that the rain has stopped
and the weather generally has improved,
he is. not feeling so " blue," and is looking
at the brighter side. — Ens.]

The Season of 1920.

I fear 1920' must be classed a bad honey
season hereabouts.

The season opened very early. I was
able for the first time in the eleven years
I have kept bees to transfer to clean
hives as early as April 3 — a good month
earlier than usual, and on April 24 I
divided a stock of Italians.

May was generally a good bee month ;
after June 4 we had a cold spell till the
11th. then warm again. July had some
bright days, but was generally bad, and up
toi the present (August 9) August does not
seem to pi'omise anything better.

There has been the most blossom on
everything this year I ever saw, but iho
weather has generally been unfavourable
for the gathering of nectar — especially was
this the cas.p with the limes. Herre we are
surrounded by hundreds of lime trees, and

Aug. 19, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

401

the blossoms were profuse, but no appre-
ciable amount of surplus can be attributed
to this source.

I don't know the experience of other
districts, hut it appears to me, looking
back over a good many years, that the
weather at the time of lime blossom is
seldom favourable.

Referring to my bee notes of 1919, I
find that the bulk of the honey I took
(it was the best year I ever had) was
stored after August 1, most of it between
the 8th and 22nd. There is not much
chance of a like experience this year.- —
RiCHAKD H, Amies, Roydon, Diss, Norfolk.

Jottings from South Wales.

" I say! come to the sea with us, old
boy ; you are a slave to- your bees."

"Ah!" I said, "my garden, in spite

of the' rain, is still full of bloom ; I shall

get the advantage of you by staying here."

"But how," asked my friend.

" Well, by a kiss from the sun for

— pardon,

The song of the birds for mirth ;
One's nearer God's heart in a garden,
Than anywhere else on this earth." —
C. Tkedceoft.

A Visit to the West of Scotland
Agricultural College A iary.

On Saturday, July 31, the members of
the Ayr, Glasgow, Greenock, and Kilmar-
nock I3ee-keepers' Associations visited the
model apiaries of the West of Scotland
Asrricultural College at Kilmarnock. The
party, numbering about 100, were met by
Mr. Joseph Tinsley, who is in charge of
the work, and he and his assistants spent
the afternoon in showing the visitors
round the apiaries and explaining the
various experiments.

Probably the most interesting experi-
ment was in connection with large frames.
The Dadant hive and also Root's Lang-
stroth hive complete were imported from
America, and are being worked in the
apiary, together with the Manloy hive.
It was a pleasiug sight to see these large
frames populated with brood. The hives
were only obtained late in the season, and
it will not be possible to publish any of
the experimental work until next year.

Over 100 colonies of bees were on view,
together with 50 nuclei. Blacks, Italians,
Carniolans, and Cyprians all came in for
a share of admiration. Several very
intei'esting diagrams have been added to
the apparatus, showing the anatomy 4ind
natural history of the bee.

In the votes of thanks which followed
it was remarked that the bee-keepers in

the West were exceedingly fortunate in
having the college to help them. Three
capable experts in charge of apiculture
are now on the permanent staff of the
college, so that bee-keeping will not be in
the background in the future in the West
of Scotland. — Comrminicated.

Scottish Bee-Keepers' Association.

The quarterly meeting of Council, and
annual conference of the S.B.A., was
held in the meeting room during tho
Highland Show in Aberdeen. In the ab-
sence-of the Hon. President, the Duke of
Athol, the chair was taken by Mr. J. J.
Moubray, Lord Lieutenant of Kinross,
wko expressed his pleasure at presiding
over such a large and representative
gathering from all parts of the country.
The Hon. Secretary, Rev. J. Beveridge,
M.B.E., read apologies from the Duke of
Richmond and Gordon, Mr. J. R. Dick-
son, vice-president, and others. The
minutes of last meeting were read and
confirmed. It was reported that since
the beginning of the year six new ass®-
ciations had been affiliated, and the
membership now exceeded 5,000. On
account of the increasing size of the
Association it was resolved to remit to a
special committee the task of preparing
the draft of a revised constitution to be
submitted for consideration at the next
meeting.

The resolution that the Council should
henceforth meet in a different centre
each quarter in order that the various
associations may have an equal oppor-
tunity of sharing in the conduct of
affairs, was unanimously confirmed; and
the next meeting was appointed to be
held in Glasgow in October.

It was also agreed to appoint a new
commibtee to deal with all matters re-
latin e to the subject of bee-keeping for
women ^ Lady Salvcsen and five other
ladies being nominated as the nucleus of
the committee.

REGISTER OF BEE-KEEPERS.

It was reported by the Registrar that
considerable progress had been made
with the Register, which now contains
the names of over 7,000 bee-keepers, with
2.?, 000 hives. As the verification and
supplementing of the registration pro-
ceeds it is estimated that the actual
number of bee-kecp,ers will considerably
exceed 10.000, and' may possibly reach
15,000, with 50,000 hives. The posses-
sion of this Register will enable the
S.B.A. in due time to organise the bee-
keepers systematically in every corner of
the country. At ])resent we have dis-
covered that thei-e is at least one boe-

402

THE BEITISH BEE jaUENAL.

Aug. 19, 1920.

keeper for every six square miles and for
every 1,000 of the population, and one
hive for every 800 acres. But Aberdeen-
shire has the splendid record of a bee-
keeper for every six square miles and for
every 150 of the population, and a hive
for every 200 acres. But so far as is
known, there are no bee-keepers in Shet-
land or in Barra, and in many of the
smaller isles, and only eight in Selkirk-
shire.

The Markets Committee recommended
that the price of first-grade sections and
extracted honey should be 3s. per lb., and
second-grade sections 2s. 9d. The heather
honey price will be fixed later on, and
will be published on September 10.

The Shows Committee was congratu-
lated on the excellent arrarngements for
the annual exhibition which had been so
successful, and which was continuing to
attract the Aberdeen crowds. Special
thanks were awarded to the convener,
Mr. A. A. Blair, and to Mr. Anderson,
of the North of Scotland College, as well
as to the various lecturers and demon-
strators in the Bee Tent, which was in
constant use every day of the Show.

The Education Committee reported
that there was a large number of appli-
cants for examination for the various
certificates, and the full list would be
issued in a day or two giving the suc-
cessful candidates.

The Secretary reported that he had just
received notice from the Board of Agricul-
ture that a sugar-ration of 14 lbs. had
been secured for all who applied to the
local Food Officer specifying the number
of stocks and the retailer selected.

The usual hearty votes of thanks to
Chairman and Secretary brought the meet-
ing to a close.

Examination Results.
Tloneii Judge (eifjht candidates).

John Anderson, M.A.. B.vSc. Aberde,en ;
Henrv Crombie, M.A., Dnnkeld ; James R.
Fenwick. E.B., S.B.A., Perth.

Expert Bee-master Certificate (E.B. ■•
S.B.A.), 16 entries.

James S. Barron, M.A., Wick; Donald
Corrigal, M.A., Rothiemay; James R.
Fenwick. Perth; .Tames K. Greig, Close-
burn; Alexander Low, Newmachar; Miss
M. M.avor, RafFord, Forres; Miss N. Mpr-
ton, Auchedlv, Tarves ; Miss Margaret F.
Pirie, Aberdeen; Alexander W. Ross,
M.A., Rora, Longside; Alec Steven,
Ti.R.A.M., Glasgow.

Ber-mnster Certificate (B.: S.B.A.), 40
Candidates.

Miss Andrina Goudie, Geosetter, Shet-
land; Bryce Wbiteford, Stranraer; .Tohn
CuTinino-ham, Bonbill ; H. M. Stich,
A.R.T.C., and Walter Stich. R.Sc, Pais-
ley; Mrs. Tsa. Valentine, G. Martin, .7.

Webster, R. Harper, Knock, Banffshire;
J. Buie and P. Milne, Cornhill,_ Banff ;
AVilliam Walker, Glentanar; W. Brand,
Hatton ; Henry Dow, Robieston, Huntly ;
Marshall K. Watt and J. L. Archibald,
Aberdeen; John A. Dawson, Laurence-
kirk; Rev. T. F. Best, Broughty Ferry;
D. R. Brown, Kilmanyj^ Alex. Penman,
Peter and Andrew Marshall, Lochgelly ;
J. 0. Anderson and Thomas Christie,
Kinglassie; James Gow and- Thomas
Thomson, Ballingry ; Mrs. E. R. Noble,
Peter Duncan and Lewis Eadie,. Milna-
thort ; David Miller, Kinnesswood and
David McLeish, Scotlandwell, Leslie.

; Honey at Bransgore Hants,
Agricultural Show.

A very creditable display- of honey was
made at the above show, held on August
11. During the afternoon Mr. Bellairs,
the veteran bee expert and lecturer, gave
a very interesting lecture on bee-keeping.
Miss Greening drove a iskep. Mr. L.
Thorpe, the local appliance agent, sup-
plied the bees and assisted.

The Horticultural Society gave prizes in
two classes. The Christchurch and Dis-
trict B.K.A., Branch of Hants and Isle of
Wight B.K.A., of whom Miss Greening, of
Barton Hall, is the hon. secretary, also
gave prizes in two classes. Mr. Bellairs
was judge, and awarded the following
prizes : —

Horticultural Society's Class. — Six sec-
tions : 1, J. Cook; 2, "Hall; 3, Hill. Six
bottles extracted honey (colour not
stated) : 1, Cobb; 2, Hill; 3, Cook.

Christchurch and District B.K.A.. —
Three sections: 1, Cook; 2, Cobb; 3, Fol-
liot. Three bottles extracted honey
(colour not stated) : 1 and 2, Miss Green-
ing and Cobb, equal; 3, Cook. — Commu-
nicated.

Honey Imports.

The registered value of honey imported
into the United Kingdom during the
month of July, 1520, was £2,460-— From
a return furnished bv the Statistical
Office, H.M. Customs.

Weather Report.

Westbotjrne, July, 1920.

Rainfall, 5 "IS in.

Heaviest fall, 1 "08 in.
on .5th.

Rain fell on 17 days.

Above average, 2-83in.

Maximum tempera-
ture, 69 on 15th and
29th.

Minimum tempera-
ture, 42 on 25th.

Minimum on grass, 38
on 25th.

Frosty nights, 0.
Mean maximum, 63*4.
Mean minimum, 55 "2.
Mean temperature, 59 3
Below arerage, 1 •!
Maximum barometer,

30-, 328 on 20bh.
Minimum barometer.

29-581 on 26th.

L. B. BiRKBTT.

Aug. 19, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

403

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by (correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonyrfCbus communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Fraternity Among Bee-Keepers.

[10256] I am sorry my letter has been
the cause of some misunderstanding,
especially with " Bee-keepers of Experi-
ence."

However, Mr. Editor, you are quite cor-
rect in your explanatory note, as you will
gather from the following : —

Swarm Issued May 27. — Parent hive not
examined through pressure of work until
two days later, when a virgin queen was
seen, then all queen cells were cut out by
the " live bee-keeper."

Jnne 19. — Hive again examined when
queen could not be found and no brood
seen ; conclusion qu.eenless, btit in the light
of later events queen was evidently out
on mating flights.

June 30. — Upon examining hive, found
fertile queen and brood in all stages. The
Aveather during early part of June was
cold, and probably the queen would not
risk a previous flight.

Please accept my humble apologies for
not explaining more fully in my first letter,
which I can assure you was noi "writ
sarcastic."

Further, has it occurred to Mr'. W. or
his friends that hive might have been left
queenless with a view to superseding that
particular race of bees? — " Fox croft."

Virgin Queen in Super.

[10257] It may be of interest to your
readers to recount the following: — One
of my hives of hybrid Italians has swarmed
three times this year, and lately showed
signs of great irritation, together with the
presence of very numerous drones. The
hive was opened and the honey chamber
of ten shallow frames found to contain
large patches of drone cells ; a further
oxamination discovered an unfertile queen
in the super, the brood chamber also con-
tained a fertile queen and ten well-fiUod.
healthy frames of brood. The super of
shallow frames was put on May 18 above '
the zinc queen excluder, and has never
been moved since. The combs were well
drawn out by June 10, and no signs of
the drone cells appeared until about a
week ago. How did this unfertile queen

get into the super? Did she possibly
escape through the zinc excluder before
fully grown after leaving her cell in the
lower brood chamber ? — Gordon W. Moore.
[Bee.-i do not grow after leaving the
cells. The queen may have been a small
one, or have found a flaw in the excluder,
or an egg may have been carried into the
super and the queen reared there; in that
case, the queen cell, or the remains of it,
will still be there. — Eos.]

Swarm in a Hedge.

[10258] I have just seen a curious
instance of a swarm having settled in a
hedge and built combs quite 10 ins. long,
and, apparently were contented to remain
there.

The cluster was quite exposed to the
light, sealed brood being on the outside
of the combs. The bees must have been
there a considerable time, and in spite of
the weather having been wet and cold
(nearly to freezing point on two morn-
ings), apparently took no harm.

This has made me wonder whether bee-
keepers as a whole tise too many quilts,
and thus cause excessive swarming. If
bees can live and build comb quite exposed
to the weather, would not bees in a good
hive be better if only a light covering were
put on the top of the frames? I think,
Sir, your opinion on this point would be
appreciated by others besides

EicHARD H. Amies.

[We have often given^our view on the
question of light or heavy covering for
bees. We favour a fair amoxint of cover-
ing during the summer — felt or carpet to,
say, 1 to li- ins. thick. In our opinion,
this tends to keep the temperature among
the combs more even. The wraps absorb
the heat during the day and keep the
bees warm at night. With thin wraps,
and we have seen only a piece of calico
used, the bees are almost roasted by the
sun's rays during the day, and are nearly
frozen during the cold nights. — Eds.]

Action for Damages Caused by
a Bee Sting.

[10259] I am keenly interested in
reference to cutting sent hy J. Rae
(10229), p. 355. Some time ago we had
a case reported in The British Bee
JotTRNAL, where a bee-keeper's bees
swarmed but had not left his grounds;
the second party fetched the bees from
the bee-keeper's hedge. When taken into
Court, the bee-keeper lost the case. I
am interested in such cases. Is the
British Bee-keepers' Association all that
it might be? We want a live Associa-
tion, one to protect bee-keepers in such
cases as the above, and for such purpose

404

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Aug. 19, 1920.

we should have a special fund. I myself
would not object to paying 2s. 6d. per
year, for I think it is a disgrace that we
should stand by and see a brother bee-
keeper go under in such unjust cases as
the above. No other Association would
allow one of its members to suffer in this
way. — J. Pearman.

[So far as the action for damages is
concerned, Mr. Pearman has overlooked
the fact that the B.B.K.A. was "live"
enough to inaugurate a scheme of insur-
ance to cover such cases. Had the bee-
keeper been insured against damage to
third parties, the company would have
paid the damages, or contested the case.
We confess we have very little sympathy
with anyone who fails to take advantage
of the B.B.K.A. insurance scheme, and
is mulcted in damages as a consequence.

The other case was a dispute between
two bee-keepers, and we do not agree
with the judgment given ; but these cases
are so few that we do not see that a
special fund would be of much service.
However, Mr. Pearman is a member of
the Council of the B.B.K.A., and he can
bring the matter up at one of the meet-
ings.— Eds.]

Screen for Road.

[10200] In reply to B. Dunning (9906),
to be effective a screen should be at least
7 ft. high; privet would take a long time
to grow to this height. Young Lombardy
poplars 6 ft. high, planted in October,
would make a screen at once if planted
18 in. apart. Espalier-trained lime trees
would also make a good screen, rather
bett-er than the poplars, if good-shaped
plants could be obtained. The limes
would be planted 6 or 8 ft. apart, accord-
ing to the spread of branches. The cost
of poplars as above would be about 15s.
to 18s. per dozen; the cost of limes would
bo 30s. to 40s. per dozen. Privet could be
})]anted underneath the limes to fill up
any space if there is no wood fence.

Loganberries would make a good and
profitable screen, but would take two years
to get established. — W. Broadhurst.

Notes from Wallingford.

[10261] You ask for the accounts of
various weather conditions in various dis-
tricts. I can give you some idea of those
prevailing here.

Judging irrfm correspondence and
weather reports, T think that this year it
is probable tliat N. Jlerks and neighbour-
hood has had about the worst weather for
bees of anywhere in the country. Feb-
ruary and ]\Tarr'h were very fine — much
too fine and warm; April was cold and

wet throughout. The last half of May was
fine — indeed, May would have been a good
month but for the fact that we had so
many night frosts. However, from the
middle of May till the end of the first
fortnight of June our bees did well on
the whole. We do not get much, ever, at
so early a period here. From June 14
to June 30 no honey was gathered,
and with the exception of about five daya
July was an utter failure — in fact,
the bees did not get enough honey dur-
ing that month to feed the brood. I am
feeding young lots, while the whole plaoo
is simply a mass of white clover and
alsike ! Last year all our honey was got
in August. Perhaps it will be so th'S
year. Let us hope so. There have not
been two fine days together for more than
14 days, and we are in a very backward
state on the land— hay not finished and
corn almost ready to cut. However, with
good weather now for a month or so, we
shall be all right. Harvest must be a
long one, as the corn is badly knocked
about by the very heavy rains.

(1023i) Happy is the bee-keeper who
has plenty of late lime trees in his dis-
trict in a season like the present. Bees
will work on this flower at times when 't
is too cold for white clover to secreto
nectar. One side of a tree, if of any size,
is bound to be sheltered.

(1023) I do not see what there is to be
" amazed " about in this case. There are
rogues everywhere, and some of 'em keep
bees. As a general rule, I believe, bee-
keepers are straighter than most people,
and most of them are willing to be
friendly and do one another a good turn,
but exceptions there are and always will
be. Trust no one unless you know him,
and you will be on the safe side.

(10232) I only made that statement for
your information. I feel sure you under-
stand this. [Quite so. We were pleased
you gave ug the "cue" to mention the
matter. — Eds.]

(10235) The old story again. In bad
weather casts have more often than not
from two to twenty queens. I have knelt
l)y the hive entrance as they have been
coming out, and having closed the entrance
to an inch or so, have killed the queens
as they came out. What is Mr. Tidbury
keeping those virgins in match-boxes for,
I wonder? It would be " a happy re-
lease" to kill them, I should think. —
E. M. Manley.

Advice to Beginners.

[102021 Will Mr.O. Puck kindly state
what trouble is likely to arise to bees from
proximity of hive to a fowlhouse kept on
the intensive system. — " C. E, C,"
Ipswich.

Aug. 19, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

405

Queries reaching this office not later than
FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING will, if
possible, be answered in the " Journal " the fol-
lowing Thursdav. Those arriving later will be held
over until the following week. Only SPECIALLY
URGENT queries will be replied to by post if
a STAMPED addressed envelope is enclosed. All
queries must be accompanied by the name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publica-
tion, but as a guarantee of good faith. Corre-
spondents are requested to write on one side of
the paper only.

Using Foreigh Honey for Feeding

[9907] Last year I started bee-keeping
with two swarms, and fed up in the
autumn with sugar syrup as advised in
the " Bee-keeper's Guide." Result, I lost
both stocks, not through starvation, as
they left 20 lbs. of honey after dying
out. I have grave doubts of the sugar,
so this year I propose feeding up three
stocks (which at the time of writing have
not an ounce of stores) on Australian
honey. I am writing this hoping some
kind bee-keeper will give his experience,
advice, and method in your correspondence
column. — A. E. H. Wasley.

Reply. — If a good quality honey is used
it will be all right. The danger of using
imported honey is that it may have come
from diseased colonies. To minimise this
risk the honey should have water added,
say, three to five ounces to each pound
of honey, and be boiled for 20 minutes,
and when cool be medicated. If any of
our readers have tried feeding with im-
ported honey we should be pleased to hear
the result.

M. T. (Yorks).— Sending bees by train.— It was an
error in judgment for the seller of the bees to
put them\on rail on a Saturday, as this would
certainly mean no delivery until Monday, and
in case of a swarm the bees might starve, or
might be left during- Sunday buried in other
parcels and he suffocated. We should think the
seller would be responsible for loss:

E. H. Oldham (Folkestone).— Uniting beesin Sep-
temher.-It will not be too late. Bring the hives
together as soon as you can. Find the queens
if you can, remove one and cage tlio other.
Putting all the combs in one hive alternately
from each stock will be quite right, but iioth
lots of beee must be floured. Another method is
to place one lot on the top of the other with a
Sheet of paper between. Wihen the bees have
eaten through the paper they will Unite without
fighting.

" Ebor " (Dorset).— Winter stores. — It is not neces-
sary for the 25 to 30 lbs. of stores to be all in
four or five combs. The quantity a comb will
hold was given as a guide in estimating what
stores the bees have. If there is any quantity of
unsealed stores when packing for winter it is
better to extract it. If there is only 2 or 3 lbs.
unsealed the bees will use it up before the cold
weather.

C D. (Haslemere).— Preparinflr for winter.— (1)
If there is any nectar to be gathered the bees
will store it in» the combs as the young bees
leave the celle, but whether they will store enough
for winter we cannot say; it will depend on the
weather and if there is any forage. If they have
not stored enough by the second week in Sep-
tember they must be given syrup in a rapid
feeder to make up the amount needed. (2) If
you leave a rack of sections full of honey a
would probably be enough, coupled with what is
stored in the brood combs, but an examination
of these should be made to be certain that there
is plenty. (3) Better drive the bees from the
skep and unite them to the queenless stock. (4)
The method given is quite right, only flour both
lots of bees thoroughly when uniting.

H. LowTHER (Shropshire).— The insect is a Sawfly.
The bees would most likely fill up as much of
the slots as they could get at, but they could be
easily cleared by heat.

Honey Sample.
H. R. (Catford).— A very nice sample, mainly from
lime. The other sources we cannot determine,
but there appears to be a little from beans.
Suspected Disease.
W. F. Jones (Anglesea).— The bees have " I.O.W."
disease. Spray with one of the remedies adver-
tised for that purpose.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2$. 6d. is made for notieet
(not exceeding 7 lines) in this column, 10 Una
charged Zs. 6d., up to 15 lines 68., which coven
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

August 25, at Chester.— Oheshire Bee-
keepers' Association, in connection with Cheshire
Agricultural Society. Several Open Classes. <3ood
prizes.— Schedules from Thos. A. Beckett, St.
Werbnrgh Chambers, Chester.

August 25, at Prestbury, Cheltenliam.-^
Flower, Fruit and Honey Show. Open Class for
single 1-lb. jar of honey. Several classes open to bee-
keepers living within a radius of 12 miles.— Sche-
dules from A. H. Bowen, Coronation Road,
Cheltenham. Entries close August 18.

August 28, at Hounslow.— Honnslow and
District Allotment Holders' Association Second
Annual Exhibition of Vegetables and Frnit. Honey
exhibits under the control of the Twickenham and
Thames Valley B.K.A. Open Classes for slngl©
bottle and section.— Schedules from Mies M. Byatt,
" Hawthorn," Hanworth, Middlesex.

Saturday, August 28, at Rlnckley.—
Leicestershire and Rutland Bee-keepers* Associa-
tion, in connection with Hinckley Flower Show. —
Open Classes for Honey, Sections and Jars. Prizes,
12s. 6d., 7s. 6d., and 4s. 6d. In each class. Judge,
J. Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.— Schedules from A.
Kimbrell, Esq., Clarendon Road, Hinckley.
Entries close August 23.

September 1 and 2, at Glasgow.— Glasgow
and District Bee-keepers' Association Second
Annual Show, in conjunction with Glasgow and
"West of Scotland Horticultural Society. Open
Cl.isses in Honey Section.— Schedules from Peter
Bebbington, Hon. Secretary, 65, Robertson Street,
Glasgow.

September 8, 9 and 10.— Portsmouth B.K.A.

Honey Show, in conjunction with the Portsmouth
Allotment Holders' Show, at Connaught Drill Hall,
Portsmouth. Six Open Classes. Judge, W. Herrod-
Hempsall, P.E.S.— Schedules from Show Secretary,
Mr. J. Sinnett, 154, Essex Road, Southsea.

406

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Aug. 19, 1920.

Saturday, September 11. — Fforest-Fach
Horticultural Society, Swansea. Three Open
Classes for Honey, extracted and sections. Help
to foster bee cult this end. 1st prizes, 10s.; 2nd
and 3rd in proportion.— Schedules ready from
G. L. Williams, Fforest-Fach, Swansea.

September 22.— Altrincham Show. Several
Open Classes for Honey and Appliances.— Sche-
dules from H. Turner, 1, Market Street, Altrin-
cham.

October 5 to 8.— Essex Fruit and Honey Show
at Institute of Agriculture, Chelmsford. Open from
12 to 8 p.m. Admission free. Lectures and demon-
strations each day. — Schedules from G. R. Alder,
7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.

November 18.— Anuual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Classes in Honey
Section.— Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. Entries close Novem-
ber 6.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertisementn of Bees, Honev, Queeng,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inteTted at lid. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announoements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements ol Hive-
manufacturers can onlv be inserted at a minimum
charge of 58. per Jtw.., or 68. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stocb to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and .Queens
that ar« reared or Imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Jo-urnal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " fre« of
charge.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER than
FIRST POST on the ^th of the month for
insertion in the next month's Recoed.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

7 -FRAME STOCK with 1920 Queen, Natives,
healthy, 459., or near offer; also W.B.C. Hive
with strong Stock on 10 frames, £5.— SOYER,
Granville Road, Sevenoaks. Ih.94

SURPLUS STOCKS, Italian and Hybrid,
vigorous, £4 each; box returnable. — DR.
JONES, Peatling iMagna, Leicester. h.65

CARNIOLAN.— Wanted, at once, fertile 1920
Queen.— J. HENRY WATSON, F.E.S., 70,
Ashford Road, Withington, Manchester. I1.66

FOR SALE, two Stocks on 6 frames, £2 eadh; box
7s. 6d. extra, returna-ble.-^LARKE, Orsett
Hall, Grays, Essex. h.68

HONEY wanted, any quantities up to 5 cwt. ;
tins forwarded.— MIDDLETON, Hardwick
Road, Streetly, Staffs. h.70

BEES, all Penna's strain, 5 to 12-frame Stocks,
30=. to 60s., with Hives 20s. extra.— MIDDLE-
TON, Hardwick Road, Streetly, Birmingham, h.69

1Q9n <MAY) HANSAN MOTOR CYCLE,
xZ/^KJ Villiers 2i, Amac, C.A.V., Albion 2-speed,
aluminium footboards, fitted complete; £68, or
nearest.— J. BLOOM, Temple Gardens, Letchworth,
Herts. h.Tl

SURPLUS 1920 Fertile Queens. Hybrid, Penna
strain, 7s. 6d. each.— EVANS, Lattiford, Win-
canton, Somerset. h.72

SURPLUS ITALIAN STOCKS, 6 frames, plenty
of bees, 65s.; box IO3. extra, returnable. Only
Penna'fl strain kept; never hatl^ disease.— A.
FARROW, Garage, Staplefield Grange, Sussex.

b.75

FIRST-GRADE Clover 'Honey; sample 6d.—
NORTH, Cressing, Braintree, JEssex. h.73

STRONG STOCKS, Hybrids, no disease, two 10
frames', 75s.; one 6 frames, 45s.; carriage paid;
boxes, returnable, 10s.— DAVIES, 40, Blackheath
Park, S.E.3. h.74

STOCK OF BEES in large new skep. Wihat
offers? Stamp for reply; seen any time.— E.
CHRISTIE, Hill View, Oxted Road, Godstone,
Surrey. h.7^

1Q9n ITALIAN HYBRID QUEENS, swarm
JLt/i^U reared, excellent strain, surp^lue through
uniting late swarms, 8s. 6d. each.— ATWELL,
" Brockhurst,"' Cove, Farnborough, Hants. h.77

WHAT OFFERS for one 12-framed Hive, packed
with Italian Bees, also one Skep and one box
full of Italians, and 24 drawn-out Shallow Frames?
-Particulars, A. NICHOLLS, 08, Oxford Road,
High Wyconjbe. h.78

FOR SALE, about 35 Stocks and Swarms of
Hybrid Ligurian Bees on 8 to 10 frames and
under; mostly this year's Queens; excellent
workers.— REV. A. H. iHALLEY, Crathie, Welling-
ton College, Berks. r.h.79

FOR SALE, new Light Lincolnshire Honey,
splendid quality, £8 cwt.— TAYLOR, School-
master, New Leake, Boston. ih.80

EIGHT STOCKS on 10 frames, headed by 1920
Italian Hybrid Queens from same mother as
my 3-frame nuclei, but not purely mated; good,
hardy, disease-resisting stock reared on the East
C^ast; £4 7s. 6d., carriage paid.— E. H. TUNMER,
" Chalfonts," Leiston, Suffolk. r.h.81

EOR SALE, a few 5, 6 and 7-frame Stocks, Italian
_ Hybrids, 6s. per frame; one on 10 frames, 55s.
—MRS. J. E. WALKER, Winthorpe, Newark,
Notts. h.82

FOR SALE, eight W.B.C. Hives and a few Stocks
Bees. Seen only by appointment. Stamp for
particulars.— MISS HINDLEY, Bourton, Dorset.

h.83

CARNIOLANS.— Surplus 4-frame Nucleus for
immediate delivery, 50s., carriage paid; 1920
Queen.— ROBERTS, 50, Otter -Street, Derby. Ih.85

WANTED, B.B.J. September 12, 1918.—
STECHERT, 2, Star Yard, Carey Street,
W.C.2. h.92

TEN 1920 Queens, British-Italian Hybrids, first
cross, 7s. 6d. each.— WHITE, Penny Hill,
Holbeach, Lines. ih.27

BEES.— Few surplus Stocks, fine strain, 70e., car-
riage forward.— UNDERWOOD, Cogenhoe,
Northampton. h.30

HYBRID BEES, 7s. 6d. per frame; splendid
workers; overstocked. — COOKSON, Beech

Cottage. Longton, Preston. h.39

A FEW lots of good, healthy Bees^on from 5 to 8
standard frames, 8s. per frame, carriage paid.
Travelling box to be returned.— WRIGHT, Water-
works, Sutton Poyntz, near Weymouth. h.5

■j O STOCKS of healthy Bees on 10 frames, ready
XiU for supering, £3 5s. per lot, and 10s. for
box, returnable. Inspection with pleasure.— F.
HOLLOWAY, Windmill House, Croxby Green,
Herts. r.h.l

READY FOR HEATHER.— Reducing apiary.
For Sale, lO-frame Stocks, 1920 Italian Queens,
price £3 15s., free on rail; carriers returnable.—
ASHWORTH, Weymouth Street, Warminster. h.20

WT> pi PATTERN HIVES, never used,
• Jj.vy. painted white, lOs. and 158. each.
Honey Press, Foundation. Swarm Catchers, Sec-
tions, etc., at half cost.— THOS. THIRKILL.
Kirkby iMialzeard, Ripon. r.g.Ul

Aug. 19, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

407

BUSZlfESS ADVEBTISEBIENTS.

lid. per word. ^^

MASHEATH MEMO— I am delighted with the
Porchless and Baby Masheath Hive6.— N. C.
-^ATKINSON, Fakenham. h£7

FERTILE Italian Hybrid Queens, lOs— JACK
TIOKELL, Westbourne Apiary, Cheltenham.

h.84

FAMOUS HYBRID COTSWOLD QUEENS,
10s. 6d.; vigorous and prolific. Buy now and
insure against spring dwindling and " I.O.W."
disease. — LIEUT. BOWEN. Queen. Breeder,
Cheltenham. li-86

SUGAR NOW PROCURABLE.— Send 10s. 6d. for
vigorous lot Driven Bees; makes ninety shil-
ling spring stock if ordered forthwith. Specially
packed for Scotland.— LIEUT. BOWEN, Driven
Bee Specialist, Cheltenham. h.86

FLAVINE CANDY.— 61b. packages, 10s. ; postage
Is. 3d. Made in Cambridge under our super-
vision from the best white sugaj.— S. H. SMITH,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.h.87

PURE IMPORTED ITALIANS, 6 frames, 45s.;
Italian Hybrids, 6 frames, 42s.; boxes 7s. 6d.,
returnable; Hybrid Fertile Queens, 6s.— EKINS,
Burntwood, Staffs. h.8S

SURPLUS QUEENS.— Owing to the bad Ihoney
crop I am uniting many nuclei, and can offer
a few good young fertile Italian Queene per return
at 10s. each. If desired they can be had on 1, 2, or
3 combs at 10s. per frame extra. Special note.—
Clients desiring early delivery of my well-known
Nuclei for next season should book their orders
now, as I have been booking for some weeks for
1921.— F. M. CLARIDGE, Copford Apiary, Col-
chester. h.89

A FEW strong 4-frame Nuclei, young Queens,
27s. 6d. each; two lots of Driven Bees, young
Queens, average 3 lbs. per lot, 12s. each; boxes
returnable.— MATTHEWS, 25, Cray Road. Crocken-
hill, Svvanley, Kent.

CRAWLING DISEASE.— Reliable treatment for
curing and prevention; recipe 2s. 6d. — A. W.
-SALMON, Cashfield, Chingford.

DRIVEN BEES, strong, healthy lots, with
Queen, 9s. each; boxes returnable; spare
fertile Queens. 4fi. each.— MORETON, Hallow,
Worcester. h.90

FOR SALE, two 4-frame Nuclei, 27i?. 6d. each,
carriage paid; boxes 7s. 6d., returnable.—
KNIGHT, Kenwyn, Trujo. h.91

QUEENS.— Home-bred fertile Italians, imme-
diate delivery, 10s. each.— OOATH COTTAGE
APIARY, Endlebury Road, Chingford. h.93

SELECT STOCK " direct from famous Ameri-
can breeders, " Moore, Kentucky," " Davis,
Tennessee," " Forehands, Alabama," strains, noted
for honey gathering and disease-resisting qualities.
Strong 3-frame Nuclei, 35s.; 4-frame, 40s.; 6 and
8-frame Stocks, 55s. and 72s. — GEARY, Florist,
Barwell, HinckJey. h.SO

DRIVEN BEES, with Queen, Hybrids, good
workers, 86. 6d. per lot, caorriage paid; cash.—
LEIGH, Broughton, Hants. h.59

ILVER MEDAL QUEENS.-" Finest I have

ever seen " — vide testimonial. From 7s. 6d. If

interested send postcard for booklet.— EDWARDS,

22, Barts. Road, Reading. h.61

HEALTHY DRIVEN BEES, with Queen, 10s.
per lot, carriage paid ; boxes returnable. Cash
with order. Orders in rotation.— PULLEN, Rams-
bury, Hungerford. r.g.211

ITALIANS.— Choice Virgins, 3s.; also Fertiles.
Particulars, stamp.— HOUSTON, Ellen Villa,
Sidcup. r.g.l23

ITALIAN QUEENS from Penna'a qoeen, virgins
4s., fertile 9s. 6d.; Hybrid Italians, virgins
3s. 6d., fertile 8s. 6d.; Hybrid Stocks on 4 frames,
503.; box, returnable. 10s.— WARD, Deeside
Nursery, West Kirby. r.g.SlS

ITALIAN QUEENS, pure imported. Us. 6d. each;
safe delivery guaranteed; immediate delivery.
— €. T. OVERTON & SONS, Crawley. r.h.49

/l -FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
tt Queen, 50s.; box charged 10s., returnable;
6-frame Stocks, 70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 90s. Imme-
diate delivery (weather permitting). Italian
fertile Queens, 10s. 6d. English Run Honey and
Sections wanted.— LEE. " Little Bowden Apiary."
Burgess HiU, Sussex. r.g.U4

CHOICE home-reared Italian Queens. lOs.;
Virgins, 4e. 6d.; July-September.— MISSES
PALING & PILLANS. Golden Square, Henfield,
Suseex. r.g.82

STRONG 3-FRAME NUCLEI, 1920 fertile
Queens, 30s.; box 5s.. returnable; Stocks on 8
frames. 60s; boxes 10s., returnable.— W. WOODS,
Norihandy, near Guildford. S-5S

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt delivery;
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing stock, August-September.— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. r.g.a4

" X/17'IGHT " DISEASE, prevention and removal;

VV advice 5s.— ALFD. RYALL, Kenwood

Apiary. Elcombe. Stroud. r^.3

1QOn FERTILE Golden Italian Qneena,
Lu^yj guaranteed imported direct- from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, 10s. each;
specially selected, 14s.— GOODARE, New Crow.
Wednesfield^ ^ ^-"^

JOT DOWN the deficiencies of your present
equipment and your needs for future improved
working. Then book for "MASHEATH"
(Regd.) Equipment for autumn construction. _

The MASHEATH LIST contains an unique
series of Hives unequalled to-day. You should
not enter upon another bee eason without them.

"The Hives (Porchless Mas. caths) are excellent
in every way, and I am very , : eased indeed with
them. 'PORCHLESS!' Yes. every time. Need
I say more? I will get you to send me two more.
— W. F., June 17, 1920.

The MASHEATH HIVES TALK as soon as
they are delivered.

ATKINSON, %Te'Maker°' Fakenham.

Altrincham Agricultural Society.

ANNUAL SHOW,

Wednesday, September 22.

£2.500 Iir PRIZES.

Silver Cups and Medals for Horses, Cattle, Pigs,

Turnouts, Hunters, Jumpers, Roots, Grain, Butter,

Cheese, Implements, Dogs, Poultry, Pigeons,

Rabbite, and Cavies.

Open Clas&es for Honey.

Increased Prize Money in All Sections.

Prize List mav be had from the Secretary,

HERBERT TURNER,

1, Market Street, Altrincham,
Tel. 174.
Entries close September 4. Double fees, September 8.
Dog entries close September 10.

DAIRY SHOW, LONDON.

OCTOBER 19, 20, 21, and 22.

GREAT EXHIBITION OP DAIRY CATTLE,
PRODUCE, APPLIAirCES, &c.

Entries Close Septembee 6.

Particulars of the Secretary, British Dairy
Farmers' Association. 28. Russell Square. London.
W.C.I.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Aug. 19, 1920.

"TSLB OF WIGHT" DI8EASB.— Don't worry;

JL use tb« eolation that cnres; 2s. per bottle.—

B. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Conladon. r.d.149

HAVE YOU EBAD " THB BBB WORLD "»
If not, why not? Every number In itself it
B nsefal literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Office* : THB APIS CLUB.
Port HiU HoQse, Benson, Oxon.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.
E. PENNA, BOLOGNA, ITALY.

I assume again the direct sale of my queens.
Special offers from July 10 till countermanded.
For queens in lots of 4 at a time £l 8s. Cash
with orders. Payment by cheques or British
Postal Orders. International Money Orders.
are not accepted. I do not hold myself
responsible for the queens that are not sent
by me direct to customers. All orders should
be sent direct to me. In May the queens
dead in the journey have been less than 1 %

ORDERS BOOKED IN ROTATION.

Would You Winter 100% ?

Then have some of Clarke's " I.O.W." cure

aixd preventive on the floor of your hives from

now onward. No spraying, simply a powder.

Don't let your bees die.

3/6 per packet, posf free.

G. J. CLARKE, Blythburgh, HALESWORTH

THE

British Bee^Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. HEBB0D-HI:MFSAI.I., 23, Bedford
street. Strand, lK>ndon, W.C.2.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address :

Signer Gaetano Plana,
Caste! San Pietro,
near Bologna, Italy,

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W, Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with whicQ
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: Augustand September,
9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Brftain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B,B,J,"
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signer
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.B.J," and
" B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAB, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Gel a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
V^INDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

INSURE YOUR STOCKS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in."Yadil" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

DwB

EST CLEARING and
WINTERING BOARD,
SUPER CLEARER, &c.

Necessity for all Bee-Keepers
all the year round.

MEADOWS, SYSTON, LKICEr^TKR,

POSITIVE FACTS. >«. 13^^, 19^0

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back ot the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in 16 x 10 frames.

Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY.

Illustrated Lists free by vost.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent.

Aug. 19, 1920. THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL. ilt

DADANT'S
WEED FOUNDATION.

THIS Foundation is made from
pure Beeswax and guaranteed
free from all disease germs.

Give your bees the BEST, and the
best is DADANT'S.

No acids or other chemicals are
used in the manufacture, and the
makers guarantee that " EVERY
INCH, EVERY POUND, EVERY
TON, is equal to any sample ever
sent out."

We have just received a fresh con-
signment, and are in a position to
give immediate despatch.

Rear healthy bees on clean, natural
combs. '

None genuine without the water-
mark " DADANT " on every sheet.

Our Catalogue, entitled "Everything for an Apiary,"
is sent post free on Application,

I R. STEELE & BRODIE, |

= Bee Appliance Makers, =

I WORMIT, FIFE. I

^uiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiniiiiiniiiiiin

!▼

THE BKITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Aug. 19, 1920.

tee's Bee Supplies. §

In design, material and workman-
ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain
the reputation of being your best and
safest investment.

a a a
Cf Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE is yours for the asking. It
contains detailed information on the
most up-to-date hisies and appliances
for which the House of Lee is famous.

a a a
fj We regret the necessity of having
" to advise our Customers that owing
to the increased cost of production, all
prices in 1920 price list are subject to
10% increase. The increase will not
apply to orders received before May 10.

%• Five per cent discount to Members of
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON, g

LTD., p

Uxbridge, Middlesex. M/

(Telegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) W

g

n

§•

a
a
a
a

n

6i

RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of»

" Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

Menley House, Hatton Garden, E.Cl.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176,

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

S^d. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manufacture of bee
appliances, and therefore my prices will be advanced 10% from May 10th. Books excepted.

PaiNTKD By THB AvKHui Peess (It. Upcott Oill & Son, Ltd.), 66-57, DsuKV Linb, London. W.C, ano

PVBLISHKD rOA TEX PkOP£IETO£ (W. HBKBOD-HEUFBIU.), BV SiMPKIN, MARBHAU., tSAHItTON.

Kui k Co.. Ltd., SI A 33, PATiftMoenE fiow, 1.0.

BbITISH BeB JOTTBNil AND BrK-EtEFSBS' ADTIBSS, AugU«t 26, 1920

2 H^Zb'
culttiraLl

No. 1992. Vol. XLVIII

AUGUST 26, 1920.

[Published every Thursday, Price 2d.

coNrr£3i«x's.

PAGE

Seasonable 'Hints 409

A Dorset Tabn 409

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 410

Convention op Bee-keepers 411

Notes from Gretna Green 412

COTSWOLD Notes 412

Warwicks. Bee-keepers' Association 413

Swarm Preventer and Drone Trap 414

Copies op B.B.J, for Disposal 414

Bees in a Chimney 414

Echoes from the Hives 414

page
Correspondence—

Not«3 and Commenits 414

Prolific Swarming 415

Swarms Affected with " I.O.W." Disease . . 415

A Sweet from the Laurel 415

A Swarm in a London Suburb 416

The Longer Frame 416

Vagaries of Swarma 416

Notes on the Past Season 417

Effect of Weather on Bees 417

, Bees in a Hedge 417

Aluminium Foundation 417

Bee Shows to Come 418

FOOD FOR BEES.

Owing to the continued bad weather there is a
likeUhood shortage this Winter. To prevent loss
of Stocks order at once TAYLOR'S renowned

SYRUP

In tins, 7 lb., 14 lb. and 28 lb. at 1/3 per lb..
Carriage extra.

We are in a position to supply, without vouchers,

the best

CANDY

made from pure Sugar, plain or medicated, 1/6 lb.
Carriage extra.

E, H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

Telephone— WELWYN 13.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUKNAL.

Aug. 26, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journa!

OfBce : 2.', Bedford Street, Strand, Loadon, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

A Vi -'ekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

BdlteA by T. W. COWAKT, F.Ii.S., &c.,
and J. HESBOS-aEiaPSA!.]:., F.E.S.

OoFPespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., Bhoald be
addresBed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business oommunication« and matters
relating to subacriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J-
Office.

9abS4riptiOIlS4 - Annual Subscription,
lOs. lOd. poet free in advance; single copies
2i.,or 2id. post free. If a receipt U required
ly post, a stamped and addressed envelope
nuist be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diflS-
oult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stami»
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for oommission
charged by banks for caching them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers ia the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM^

You are advised to insist on tbis being nsed wbea
dealing. witb strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should rot be despatched until notice that
the money has been d'Cposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— Wihen strangers are dealinsr
together, tthe purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that (he purchase is con-
cluded. If asale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a ci:sirge . of 3^
per cent. In the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expensefl of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Oflice Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
v« retqm the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are e»cured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Oflice) and Cheques must be made payable
to Vf. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The nambers of

, itae Postal Orders should be k«pt by the Modsr.

We eanmoi be respoosibls for any loss tlwi may

sccur ia iranaii.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will b« soU
by sample, wlil&h must be sent direct (o buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
xm when sending casii. If maker accepts, we hold
casih until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queeus.- These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
iJbc., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, t.«., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by tlie vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.- Tbe carriage of all goods, except
such a$ tre »ent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless oiiierwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carnage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Ca&h in full must be sent with order.

Postage
7/6 ... 8Jd.

6/- ... 6id.
5/- ... 4d.

1/-

2/6
3/6

4/6

.. 2d.

3d.
4d.

3d.

-/3 ... Id.

-/6 ... Id.

./2 ... Id.

5/- ... 4id.

3/- ... ad.

1/-

Id.

A Modern Bee Farm

(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Advanced Bee Culture

(Hutchinson)

Beginner's Bee Bode (PiLLBn)
B£E-K£Bf ING SIMPIiIFIED

FOB THE COTTAOBB AKD

SMAIiIiHOIiDBB (W. Hkkrod-

Hempsaja, F.E.S.)

BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'

GUISE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers

Cloth covers

Dissectible Model of Queen

Bee

FERTILISATION OF FRUIT

BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan)

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ...
Honey Vinegar ((Rev. O. Bancks)
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock)

Management of Out Apiaries
Prevention of Swarming

(Wilkes)

Pollination of Fruit In rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hoopee, P.R.H.S.)
PRODUCING, PREPARING.

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

Hebrod-Hempsaix, F.E.S.)
Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. SlADBN) ...

Scientific Queen Rearing

((Doolittlb)

The " Townsend " Bee Book ...
WAX CRAFT (T. W, Cowan) ...

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.

Maeterlinck's Iiife of the Bee
The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNEE EDWARDES)

THE BEE WORLD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy

The Bee Master of Warrllow

(TlCENBR EdWAEDES)

Britisb Bee Journal & Record Office,

2s. bbdfobd strbbt, stbanb Lomdok, yr.ox

•16 ... Id.

2/-

.. 3d.

1/6

... ad.

4/- .
2/6

2/-

.. 3id.
.. Id.
.. 2id.

5/-
2/.

. 3d.
2id.

-/8 ... 14d.
7/6 ... 4id.

Aug. 26, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

409

Seasonable Hints.

We are greatly obliged to those of our
readers who have responded to our request
for particulars as to conditions in other
parte of t(he coTintry. All tey pretty
much the same tale — little or no honey,
and considerable feeding will probably be
jjecessary.

Supers should now be taken off, except
in heather districts. Breeding is in most
cases being still carried on, but where it
has ceased it is advisable to feed gently
in order to stimulate the queen to lay.
Those bees that are reared from now on-
wards will not only survive the winter,
but carry on in the spring until others
are reared to take their place. Old bees
in the autumn mean rapidly dTvindling
stocks in the spring.

Great care must now be taken to pre-
vent robbing. No comb, honey, or syrup
must' be left exposed. Hives should be
opened as little as possible, and not kept
open longer than necessary, or a crowd of
bees will soon be hovering round attempt-
ing to rob, and these will continue their
attempts after the hive is closed and the
manipulator has left.

A Dorset Yarn.

A sudden stop to surplus honey. Top
sections, which were crowded with bees,
are now deserted; in the bars thev go
down during the night, but when the sun
is up in the daytime they are again cover-
ing them. I am not quite sure whether
they are emptying the uncapped cells and
taking the honey down into the brood
chamber. They certainly did this with
some of the sections before I took them off.

The racks of sections below the bars are
beautifully filled, but not of the purest
colour; so many thousands running over
them to the bars above have soiled it
somewhat. I left them late as they had
not finished the two outside rows.

Bees are working their hardest when
weather ig fair; in fact, there are so many
going one way that the staff fetched me
back to the farm with the call, " The bees
are swarming"; but when I came back it
was a sudden burst of warm sunshine, and
they were all hurrying off in one drfection,
and that to the heather, which now is
delightful. All round the Broadstone golf
links there are many square miles of all
three varieties — ^the deep-coloured Erica
einerea, the light-coloured five-cleft heath,

Erica tetralix, and • the common ling,
Caluna vulgaris — making the whole a per-
fect dream of colour. Have never yet
found wild a white form of cinerea, but
have found many clumps of the ling that
are white. Why it should sometimes come
white is one of the peculiarities of nature,
but it is always so; white forms of so many
flowers are found as seedlings, also the
coloured species will throw out sports when
there are the white and coloured forms on
the one plant, but certainly the bees do
well near heather.

I called in to see the secretary of the
East Dorset Branch of the Dorset Bee-
keepers' Association. He had just un-
loaded seven boxes of shallow, with three
or four boxes of standard bars, all filled
and capped with the finest quality honey,
of very fine flavour and of rich perfume.
Mr. Garrett has the finest lot that I have
yet seen in Dorset, and he is only a be-
ginner. He bought the first lot in a box
for 15s. ; now he has a line of hives. Some
of them have a brood chamber with 15
frames. No wonder he has such a lot of
fine honey! These are blacks, and a fine
working lot they are ; two years of de-
lightful work he has had with them. He
knew nothing of them before, but he has
made good with them. A retired business
man, he gets to know and do everything
well. The same success that followed him
in business is following him as a bee-
keeper. He goes miles to see and help
others with their bees. He has the bee
fever badly; his enthusiasm has gained us
SO members in aboiit three months. He
lives in a delightful place, with miles of
heather all round him.

Truly Dorset is a land of " milk and
honey." Yet a distinguished visitor from
Winchester, who had motored down, told
me this was the worst year he had known
for surplus honey. He had in good years
a great quantity of surplus; he used bars,
and extracted as soon as full, and gave
them back again to be refilled. But it is
the fringe of heather that adds to the
success of this part of East Dorset. In
other parts of Dorset, where it is farm
land only, the yield of sxirplus has been
small, as the season was so wet.

Just round here there are fields of
clover, both white and red, with rye
grasses, very beautiful to see, and bees can
get at the white flowers' as they grow with
length of stem trying to keep up with the
long grasses. The flowers want to be well
up to the sun to get the high quality of
necLar, but the many other flowers among
the grass are very inviting to bees. This
second cut of rye grass and clover is owmg
to so much wet, yet it all helps our bees.

When at Taunton's great show on the
r2th I was privileged to meet many bee-
keepers who write to the Jouknal, but

4ia

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL. Aug. 26, 1920.

most distinguished of all was Mr. Cowan,
tlie grand old man of the craft. He looks
well and fit. He spoke at the luncheon
about bees and honey. They know him
and appreciate him down there, as Jie
lived among them.

Mr. Bigg-Wither demonstrated with
bees. Tie had an appreciative audier'CO.
for some time, with bees outside the
screen as well as inside. He had two
hives brought from the re-stocking station
two miles away.

There were two lots of live bees in the
show tent in hives with glass sides, so that
the public could see something of the
wonderful work that is done by these little
creatures. There was not a great show
of honey, but it was of good quality.
There was not nearly so much as at Bland-
ford, but the wonderful stage of bee ap-
liances set up by Messrs. Bradbury was a
sight 'to be seen. The men of this staff
are efficient bee-keepers themselves. Each
can lecture well, and can manipulate them
without trouble, which speaks well for the
teaching of the Somerset Bee-keepers'
Association. — J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

And so it comes to pass that the
brambles which began flowering before
their time are ripening later than usual.
What antics the weather of 1920 has
played with field and hedgerow ! This will
ever be a memorable year. Who could
forget it? The soft summer warmtii of
February and March, the rain and wind
of April, the bewitching glories of May
and June, with a soaking and cold July,
followed by an August that feels for all
the world like October. The oak came out
before the ash, and so we decided the sum--
mer wi^uld be a splash, but it's been a
soak. I remember when I was a very small
boy hearing my grandfather say that oak
and ash wisdom must only be relied on
when February, true to its tradition, filled
the dyke. Should the second month of
the year be dry then oak and ash could
please themselves which first shot forth
their leaves, the summer would be a cold
and wet one. Hereabouts we are being
spared the heavy rains which have fallen
elsewhere, but we have our share of cold
winds and sunless days, and so the bees
are distressed. Tons of nectar waiting to
be gathered and the weather preventing
the eager insects getting it harvested.
Small Avonder their wrath waxes warm.

Bee-keepers must take things as they
are and see to it that their queens con-
tinue to lay for some weeks yet. This is
not going to be so ea^y this year as it
sometimes is, for our friends of the hive

are preparing for a stifE winter. Why, is
not clear. Possibly the autumnal feeling
in the air has misled the bees into think-
ing that we are nearer Christmas than is
the case, or — and I am inclined to think
this the truer conclusion — the little ladies
are scenting a long winter ahead, and pre-
paring accordingly. Despite the weather
some bees are out and gathering nectar
and pollen, which is stored in the brood
chamber, leaving her majesty preciousi
little room for laying.

What do our colonial brethren call that
complaint — if it deserves to be called by
that name — of forsaking hives after a sea-
son or more's occupation? "The Bunk
itis " ? Anyway it is an unpleasant weak-
ness; more of it than usual is prevalent
this year— another item to mark 1020 jis.
a famous, nay, infamous, year for apicul-
turists. Mayhap September will be a
month of sun and softened winds. In the
year 1908, if I mistake not, we had a wet
June, July and August — wet but not cold.
September came in bringing all the beau-
ties of summer with her, cloudless days
and balmy nights, plant life revived, and
even the dog-roses were unable to resist
blooming again.

Most of my hives, however, will be re-
lieved of their supers this week; indeed, I
have already tiaken several oflE. Sonie of
my stocks, especially tlie Egyptian, will
need considerable feeding up, others, like
the Ligurians,- seem full up with stores.
Singularly, the lot I did not super for the
purpose of keeping weaklings supplied,
having some six times yielded up well-
filled frames of brood and store for
strengthening weak stocks, is now on
strike, and has completely emptied the
outside combs. A little attention and
coaxing with good syrup will put the stock
in a good temper again. What is the best
method to adopt in autumn feeding? Per-
sonally I am inclined to think a pint of
syrup given once a week quickly is prefer-
able to slow feeding — other beekeepers do
not agree, I know. Various opinions, too,
obtain with regard to the thickness of
feeding syrups and medication. As touch-
ing the latter some hold that feeding
medicated syrup and candy to healthy
stocks is injurious — others say that pre-
vention being better than cure it is wise
to take precautions in case disease may be
lurking about. We shall get unity among
bee-keepers, but not uniformity. It is
best so. Uniformity stultifies originality
and kills imagination and encourages
fear, which reminds me of a gentleman
not many miles away who asked me to go
and look at his bees. I went. Four whiter
enamelled hives stood on asphalt flooring
facing a high brick wall one yard away.
As I prepared to go and inspect he brought

Aug. 26, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

411

me gloves and gauntlets galore. " No
thanks," I said, " just a veil and I shall
be all right." But he was distressed; his
bees were a furious sort. I must have
gloves, would I just slip on a pair. He
urged me so vehemently that I drew a
pair over my hands, and I might have
just as well .placed my hands in my pocket
— for all the use they left me — the gloves
were thick enough to repel the sting of
an African hornet. I drew them off.
"Prefer stings to those," I said, and
walked towards the hives. He, veiled and
gloved, took refuge in an ' outhouse and
watched me through an aperture covered
with perforated zinc. The first hive was
as strong a lot as I ever wish to see, and
some 40 lbs. of honey was stored in the
supers — no stings. The nest hive revealed
a rack of sections as empty as when first
put on. In opening up the brood chamber
I got a sting, " There now," came a
muffled voice through the veil and zinc,
" I thought so. If only you'd have kept
the gloves on." This hive was "tight."
Every comb below filled with honey and
about ten cells of brood on one frame only.
I brushed the bees off two combs and took
them to the house for extraction, so as to
give the queen room to lay ; but my friend
was obdurate. Extract stores I never ; how
could they live in the winter ? I tried to
explain that unless the queen continued
laying so that young bees could hatch out
the stock would be dead before spring. Too
old to be taught the old gent had his way,
and I left him. He has sent for me
again. I wonder is he wiser? — E. F.
Hejiming, Steeple Gidding.

South Western Counties
Convention of Bee-Keepers.

What is' probably the first general con-
vention of bee-keepers ever held in Eng-
land took place in Gloucester on July 27,
28 and 29,

Thanks to the energy of the Hon. Secre-
tary of the G.B.K.A., the Rev. Edward J,
Bartleet, Quedgeley Rectoiy, Gloucester,
ably assisted by the committee, invitations
to take part in this proposed convention
were sent to the Hereford, Monmouth,
Somerset and Worcester Associations ; and
tlieir respective secretaries met some time
beforehand to arrange details. The 'dea
was very enthusiastically taken up, and
the result was a large and representative
gathering of bee-keepers from all parts of
the above-named counties,

A niost attractive programme had been
arranged, and the weather, departing
from its late usual depressing character,
allowed it to be cavrifid out under favour-
able conditions.

The meetings were held in the Shire
Hall, Gloucester, and at the. first of these
on Tuesday, July 27, the Mayor of
Gloucester presided, and gave the mem-
]^ers, on behalf of the ancient and historic
city, a real hearty welcome. In the course
of a capital speech he said another link in
its history had been forged, by the first
known convention of bee-keepers in this
country being held within its walls. He
himself was not a bee-keeper, he regretted
to confess, but he well knew the absorbing
interest of the craft, and its great
national importance as a most useful and
necessary food producing agent.

Mr, G. W. Bullamore was the first lec-
turer on the programme.

In " The • Evolution of Bee-Keep-
ing, " most ably treated, he gave
the large audience an extremely in-
teresting account of the history of the
honey bee from the earliest times right
down to the present, dealing, en passant,
with "Telling the bees," "Tanging,"'
"Bee hunting," etc., finishing with
modern methods, size of frames, and other
details of interest.

At the close of the lecture he kindly
answered many questions put by the
audience.

In acknowledging a very hearty vote of
thanks, Mr. Bullamore said he hoped that
as a result of the work being carried on
by the Bee-Keepers' Institute he would,
at a later date, be able to deal with pre-
sent day problems and practice as a
sequel to " The Evolution of Bee-
keeping."

After tea, which was as welcome as
usual, many of the members were taken
for a tour of the city, under the able guid-
ance of Messrs. J. W. Barnett and Max
Bellows, who pointed out the various
points of interest connected Avith " Old
Gloucester," others visited Mr. Burtt's
bee appliance factory, and several went to
Quedgeley to inspect the Rev. E. J. Bart-
leet's apiary.

There was a large attendance at the
Parkend Empire Picture House on Wed-
nesday morning, when a cinematograph
entertainment entitled ' ' The Craft of
the Bee Hunter " was given,

A number of children from the County
Schools were present, by arrangemeni
with the County Education Committee.

In the afternoon the president of the
G.B.K.A. (H, Dent-Brocklehurst, Esq,)
most kindly received a large number of
those attending the convention, and he
and his family showed them over his in-
tensely interesting and beautiful house,
Sudeley Castle, Winchcombe, at one time
the home of Katherine Parr, wife of
Henry VIII, The weather wag fine, and

412

THE BEITISH BEE JOTJENAL. Aug. 26, 1920.

a most enjoyable afternoon came all too

quickly to an end.

On Thursday morning a visit was paid
to Gloucester Cathedral. Bishop Frod;
sham gave a most hearty welcome to those
attending, on behalf of the Dean and
Chapter. In the course of a splendid ad-
dress he traced the connection of bees with
religious thought from the earliest times,
quoting many interesting legends, and
showing how bee-keeping was a symbol of
that beneficent power which " shapes our
ends rough hew them as we will."

He subsequently conducted the members
of the convention round the building.

Following this, the members gathered
in the Shire Hall and listened to a lec-
ture by Mr. G. G. Desmond, of the
G.B.K.A., the Rev. E. J. Bartleet pre-
siding. Mr. Desmond said his lecture was
entitled "The Bee as a Seedsman." He
showed that flowers could only be success-
fully fertilised by the pollen of other
flowers. If fruit growers were to have the
best crops it was necessary that they
should plant tr^es which would allow of
cross fertilisation, and also provide the
bees to distribute the pollen. It might
be thought that the bumble bee would be
sufficient to fertilise the fruit blossoms and
other flowers, but they had found that cer-
tain common kinds of bumble bees, in-
stead of taking the pollen from the top of
a flower, perforated the back of the blos-
som and so caused the blossom to fail.
As a result of his experience he would say
that all seedsmen would be well advised
to keep hive bees for the purpose of pro-
ducing seed.

In conclusion, the lecturer advised all
who depended upon fruit and other crops
not to forget the bees. If they provided
an adequate supply of bees they were
bound to enjoy better crops.

It was a splendid lecture, and at its
close Mr. Desmond was heartily thanked.
Mr. Graham Burtt then gave an in-
teresting account of his efforts in helping
to re-stock with bees devastated are^s in
France, and spoke of the practice adopted
by the French bee-keepers.

In the afternoon Col. E. S. Sinnott
presided over a meeting at which the
question of the holding of a future con-
vention was discussed. Opinion was
unanimously in favour. of making the con-
vention an annual event, and the arrange-
ment of details was left to a committee,
tbe suggestion being that a convention
shall be beld in rotation in the five coun-
ties— Gloucester. Hereford, Monmouth,
Somerset, and Worcester — connected with
tbe Sonth-Western Association.

A very cordial vote of thanks was passed
to the T?ev. Edward J. Bartleet (Hon.
Sec. of the G.B.K.A.), together with the

committee, and Mr. E. J. ^Burtt, for the
energetic and successful manner in which
the convention had been arranged and
carried through.

The concluding lecture was given by
Mr. Leedham (Worcestershire), who fur-
nished many interesting and informative
details relative to "Queen Introduction,''
and the conditions under which such in-
troduction was successful or failed.

Questions were afterwards asked and
answered by the lecturer.

So ended an historic and most successful
and helpful convention, which, without
doubt, will have a great influence on the
future of bee-keeping in England. —
(Communicated.) _

Notes from Gretna Green.

The honey season here has been the
worst on record, in fact I have not yet
taken off a single finished section.

Supers were fairly well filled by mid-
June, but are little heavier now in mid-
August. There is just a chance that
heather may save the situation, but only
the strongest colonies, or those made
strong by uniting can be relied on for
surplus.

I note that some bee-keepers are trying
large brood frames at the moors, and ex-
pect they will find out, as in my case, that
brood nest storage is a certainty. I had
the Dadant-Quinby brood frames in use
many years ago, but although noted for
production of enormous populations, re-
sults were not always satisfactory.

This season I worked the large frame
colony on an entirely new system of divid-
ing and re-uniting, with complete success.
The colony still has 80 sections packed
with bees, and its increase two racks also
crammed full. The season of 1921 will
probably make amends for the present
one, and I have prepared by increasing
and improving my stock, discarding na-
tives entirely, and introducing eight dif-
ferent strains of Italian bees of the best
home-reared and imported types. — J. M.
Ellis, Gretna.

Cotswold Notes.

Usually at this period on the Cotswolds,
though not this year I am sorry to find,
the condition of a 10-frame colony is as
follows : —

The two outside combs are solid with
sainfoin honey from top to bottom,
weighing rather over 6 lbs. each; the
inside eight frames have honey and pollen
in the top half and brood in the re-
mainder, except where the queen is an
old one of the Native variety, in which
case she stops laying early.

Aug. 26, 1920. THE BBITISH BEE JOUENAL.

413

So that the eight combs would contain
perhaps 20 lbs. of stores, and it was often
possible to remove one comb of solid
honey and still leave the colony amply
stored.

This year on August 1 in most cases
there was brood in nine or ten combs, but
only a tiny rim of honey.

This rim, however, during the short
period of warmer weather deepened
somewhat, and with the profusion of
late blossoms which still hang on the
^feeding bill may be reduced, to say
nothing of better tempered bees. Just
now bees are collecting a little honey
from charlock, with which the turnip
fields are yellow, and from the willow-
herb that blossoms beautifully in the
plantations. Whenever a still and sunny
day occurs it is a pleasure to work hour
after hour among the bees and scarcely
receive a sting.

Whereas, whilst the late limes blos-
somed and the weather was stormy, bees
were awfully bad tempered, and many
times I have groaned on receiving eight
or ten stings oiJNthe wrist.

For comfort I work with sleeves rolled
up, and, usually speaking; bees object less
to this than any other way I have tried.

Queenless stocks seem to be richest in
• stores on account of having no brood to
feed, which is a proof of the costly pro-
cess of raising young bees.

One point in favour of Native stocks is
that the queens discontinue laying early,
thus conserving late-gathered honey,
whereas Italian bees maintain a full
brood-nest till frost sets in, and in this
way use largely their winter supply.

With regard to situation and manage-
ment—two points which are always being
discussed— I think for successful bee-
keeping location comes first, with know-
ledge afterwards, because the duffer living
in a good honey district will obtain, if
his colonies are strong, much more honey
than a bee-keeper of experience living in
a poor locality.

Indeed, in some parts of this county
village bee-keepers scarcely secure from
each stock more than a rack of sections
per season, whereas a few miles away
two and three racks is the general rule.

Skep stocks are very light in weight, I
find.

June casts are found to be full of lees
and brood, some empty comb and a little
honey — generally unsealed.

Old stocks and early swarms are a
shade heavier, but in each case there are
more bees than anything else.

It seemed a shame to take them up,
because, if fed, the skeppist would have
some excellent young colonies for 1921. —
A. H. BowEN, Cotswold Apiaries, Chel-
tenham.

Warwickshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The annual show was held in connection
with the show of the Warwickshire Agri-
cultural Society at Coventry on Wednes-
day and Thursday, August 18 and 19.
The number of entries was much below
those of last year owing to the poor season,
but though quantity was lacking the
quality left nothing to be desired. Mr.
G. Franklin showed a collection of appli-
ances for which he was deservedly awarded
a first prize. Three observatory hives
were staged, and were a source of interest
to great numbers of people. Mr. T. A.
Denison took all premier honours for sec-
tions, those he showed being of uniform
excellent quality. Unfortunately the show
was spoiled by a steady downpour of rain
during nearly the whole of the first day,
so that it-^as impossible to give a demon-
stration. A lecture was given in the ex-
hibition tent in the afternoon by Mr. J.
Herrod-Hempsall. On the second day the
sun shone in the morning; the demonstra-
tion tent was set up, and lectures were
given to large and interested audiences by
Messrs. J. Herrod-Hempsall and G. Frank-
lin, the well-known county expert. Mr. J.
Herrod-Hempsall judged the exhibits, and
made the following awards : —

OPEN CLASSES.

Class 1, collection of appliances. — 1,
Geo. Franklin, Burton Green, Kenil worth.

Class 2, bees in observatory hive. — 1,
T. A. Denison, Napton, Rugby; 2 and h.c,
C. W. Dutton, Little Packing;ton.

Class 3, display of honey .^No entries.

Class 4, twelve sections. — 1, T. A. Deni-
son ; 2, W. J. Goodrich, Gloucester ; 3,
Miss Edith C. Reynolds, Leamington.

Class 5, twelve jars extracted light-
coloured honey. — 1. W. J. Goodrich; 2,
G. Franklin; 3, T. A. Denison; v.h.c,
A. E. Warren, Bletchley.

Class 6, twelve jars medium-coloured
honey.— 1, W. J. Goodrich; 2, T, A.
Denison.

Class 7, best lib. section. — 1, T. A.
Denison; 2, Miss Edith C. Reynolds; 3,
W. J. Goodrich.

Class 8, best 1-lb. jar of honev. — 1, W. J.
Goodrich; 2, Geo. Franklin; 3,"T. A. Deni-
son; v.h.c, Miss Edith C. Reynolds.

OPEN ONLY TO MEMBERS OF THE WARWICK-
SHIRE bee-keepers' association.

Class 9, twelve sections. — 1, T. A. Deni-
son.

Class 10, twelve 1-lb. jars light-coloured
honey.— 1, H. W. Edwards, Coleshill; 2,
T. A. Denison; 3, C. W. Dutton.

Class 11, twelve jars medium-coloured
honey.— 1, Miss F. J. Verrall, Walsgrave,
Coventry; 2, H. W. Edwards; 3, W. Bay-
liss, Coventry.

414

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Aug. 26, 1920.

Class 12, six sections and six jars ex-
tracted honey. — 1, T. A. Denison.

Class 13; two shallow combs. — No en-
tries.

Class 14, beeswax. — 1, H. W. Edwards;
2, T. A. Denison; 3, Miss J. H. Jackson.

Swarm Preventer and Drone Trap.

Mr. L. B. Glasspole writes: — "I have
received by post from various parts of
the country inquiries as to this. Some
have asked me to make it for them. Will
you kindly mention it in your next issue
that I cannot undertake to make it, or
even to reply to each letter — my time, is
too much taken up ; but, as the illustra-
tion explains itself, any amateur could
make it. I sincerely hope those who have
not received replies will not attribute it
to want of courtesy, but want of time."

Copies of "'B.B.J." for Disposal.

I have B.B.J, (unbound) for about
five years past (one or two numbers
missing), which I shall be pleased to
give to any new recruits to the craft
willing to pay carriage on sam.e, if you
care to insert a paragraph to that effect.

Applicants should send a postcard with
name and address, stating if they have a

preference for any particular year L.

Illingworth, 241, Winchester Road,
Shirley, Southampton.

Echoes from the Hives.

NORTH STAFFS.

If my experience re stores in North
Staffs and North- West Staffs is of any use,
I may say that unless there is liberal feed-
ing hundreds of stocks will die of starva-
tion. I have about 25 stocks, and with-
out exception they have insufficient stores
to last the winter, and I haA^o not taken
a single pound of honey from them ; in
fact, 1 was feeding up to June 27. My
advice to all novices is either to get an
expert or capable bee-keeper to tell them
exactly how their bees are for food, or
look them up thernselves, but they cannot
do wrong if they feed up now for winter.
— W. J. Palmer.

Bees in a Chimney.

A few days since a swarm of bees settled
in the chimney at Hillbury, the residence
of the Ecv. W. Loveband, and so trouble-
some did they become indoors that the
services of some firemen were requisi-
tioned, and they dislodged the intruders
from the chimney by moans of a hose-
pipe.-^From the Dover Telegraph, July 29.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Notes and Comments.

[10263] May I have space for a few
notes in The British Bee Journal again.

Page 400. I may as well say that I have
no aversion for experts of any " class."
I can't stick a man, though, who must
always sign himself " Expert " or " Bee
Master " — i.e., " Tom Jones, third-class
expert." Does your Lichfield " Growler"
get me?

Page 401. That was jolly smart of our
friend C. Tredcroft. No wonder he sent
it on to you. So you do not (10259) have
much sympathy with any one who does
not insure with the B.B.K.A.

Surely this is a very one-sided view
for the Editor of The British Bee
Journal to take, especially as there is
no connection, I am told, between the
two. As I have said before, and Mr.
Pearman is saying now, " We want an
alive association." I want more myself; I
want one that is awake.

So long as the papers flatter the asso-
ciation and the association flatters the
papers, and everybody pats one another
on the back all round, it will be very
pleasant and all that, but for any use the
British Bee-keepers' Association is, as far
as I can see, it might as well be in Hades.

[We are surprised at this outburst
from Mr. Manley ; we gave him credit
for more perspicacity. It would seem he
is following the lead of other detractors
of the B.B.K.A., who make assertions
that it does, and has done, nothing in
any shape or form for bee-keeping, and
then do all in their power to belittle any-
thing it has done or is doing when it is
broiight to their notice. The one-sided-
ness is not with us.

There is no business connection be-
tween ourselves and the B.B.K.A. Nor
do we reap any benefit whatever from
the insurance scheme. If we said we had
very little sympathy with anyone who
suffered damage by fire and was not in-
sured, would any person of average intel-
ligence take it that we had some connec-
tion with an insurance company? The
Association do not even confine the
benefits of insurance against damage to

Aug. 26, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

415

third parties by bee-stings to its own
members and those of affiliated Associa-
tions, which, had they been selfish, they
might have done, though they very
properly charge the small registration
fee of Is. to non-members. In the case
mentioned the bee-keeper could have
secured himself for at the most Is. 9d.,
unless he had more than nine hives, and
Id. extra per hive above that number.
A claim for doctor's fees was paid from
the B.B.K.A. insurance last year.

This is only one thing for which the
B.B.K.A. " might as well be in Hades."
—Eds.]

(9907). Poor chap. You did not lose
your bees through feeding with syrup.
Try "Isle of Wight" disease. It will
be a better guess, I expect. Perhaps I
may warn your correspondent, Mr.
Wasley, as I see you have not done so.
Be very, very careful in feeding honey-
not so much because of disease, but be-
cause it is difficult always to feed honey
without starting robbing, and he might
lose his bees that way, which would be
almost as bad as the other, ^

(10256). Yes; but why not have said
so at first?

It must be very encouraging to live
near heather in a season like this one.
I see Mr. Kettle's bees are working on
it. I may say here that Mr. Kettle is
a little difficult to follow, or many people
seem to find it so. His bees work on all
the year round, except just a little while
about mid-winter, and mostly on rasp-
berries. What sort of a district is Corfe
Mullen at all?

Page 399. Why are we to stimiilate
our queens to lay specially? I advise the
opposite if stocks are strong and queens
are young — as they are in most cases.
Why stimulate your qiieen t-o use up your
winter food before winter comes? — R. B.
Manley.

Prolific Swarming.

[10264] Further to the letter pub-
lished August 5 from Mr. F. C. Hale
(10245), re Prolific Swarming. This
shows a total of six lots from one stock,
but I have found a record which exceeds
it. I have been in the habit of looking
after some bees for a farmer friend for
the last ten years, going a twenty-mile
journey when I can get away from busi-
ness to put things straight, as he is very
busy, and cannot give proper attention.
I left him at Easter with two bar-framie
hives, containing ten frames each of
natives. As they were then very forward
I put section racks on each. Up to
August Monday these had increased to
fifteen stocks, including the original 1wo.
This is not counting one which died of

starvation and two which he failed to
secure, the swarms going to a neigh-
bour's farm. This represents a net in-
crease of sixteen from two hives. I sug-
gested that probably a stray swarm or
so had flown over to their apiary, but
they assure me they have watched every
lot leave the various hives and boxes. —
H. W. Stratton.

Swarms Affected with I.O.W.
Disease.

[10265] I have been a reader of your
Journal for a number of years, and laave
kept bees for over twenty years, and
wonder if you or any of your readers
have had a similar experience to these
I shall try to relate below of the old
stock being apparently immune from
" I.O.W." disease, yet the swarms being
affected.

Last year I lost all my bees except one
lot with "I.O.W." disease. This lot
gave a swarm in May, 1919, from, which
I took several sections, and they
eventually died out. A second swarm
issued, and these died out in the
autumn. The old stock survived again
this season, and a swarm issued from it
which was hived, but in about a week 1
noticed the bees were crawling and the
colony began to dwindle, so I burnt the
lot. A second swarm came out, which I
put back with the old lot, after catching
the queen, and these do not show any
signs of disease yet.

Having tried a number of so-called
cures, I decided not to treat another
stock I got this season which showed
signs of " I.O.W." disease, and after
about a fortnight they recovered, and are
cjoing strong without anytliing being
done. Had I tried a remedy, no doubt
1 should have attributed their recovery
to that.

I have bought rather heavily this year
of swarms and nuclei, but the weather
the past month has been very disappoint-
ing for honey gathering in this part of
the country. — J. Salt. _

A Sweet from the Young Leaves
, of the Common Laurel.

[10266] This is an example which pos-
sibly very few bee-keepers may have
noticed. I do not remember any writer
noticing this fact.

Many years ago in Surrey I noticed
beos working on the under side of the
young leaves of the common laiirel. On
examination T found what I concluded
to be nectar glands, from four to six. dis-
tributed near the base and on each side
of the midrib. Bees were sucking the

416

THE BBITjSHJBjBE_JgUBNAL. Aug. 26, 1920.

contents after piercing the tender
covering.

As I write (August 7) I have many
examples in my garden, as bees are work-
ing on the leaves for the simple reason
that in my district there is an abundance
of sainfoin and white cloyer in flower,
but ants are energetic in collecting the
contents of these glands.

Looking through a lens I notice there
is a tiny aperture which the ants have
made. I enclose a specimen leaf, which
I hope will reach you sufficiently pre-
served to enable you to see the formation
of these glands; and also, may I ask, if
it has come under the notice of any other
b6e-keeperf

I have been told that a preparation of
the leaves of the common laurel is some-
times used in a killing bottle used by
insect collectors, and if so the question
occurs to one that if the sweet is taken
in_ quantity whether it would be of a
poisonous nature? — James Lee, Ful-
bourne, Cambs.

[We have often seen bees working on
the laurels, and the fact has been men-
tioned in the Journal several times.
Ants are also very fond of the sweet sub-
stance which exudes from the underside.
We have used young laurel leaves,
chopped up and put in a corked bottle,
for killing insects. — Eds.]

A Swarm in a London Suburb.

[10267] It may be of interest to you
to know that I took a small swarm or cast
at 12, Hereford Road, Netting Hill Gate,
a very busy thoroughfare.

They had settled and made comb on
some^ Virginia creeper, which is over-
hanging an iron rail fence between the
two houses, and had a comb with brood
about 6 in. long.

I cut the boughs (small) and placed
them in a butter box, cut a piece of glass
to fit, pasted brown paper round bottom.
I then cut the paper and turned
it inwards, so that the returning
bees could get in but not get out. I also
placed a little piece of candy and syrup
in lid of a tin inside. So, you see, have
cheap observation hive. Should be glad
to know proper course to adopt now. —
W. Barber.

[Better i6ry and winter them in the
box, and transfer them to a frame hive
next spring. — Eds.]

^

The Longer Frame.

[10268] Be T^o. 10237. The frame in
use by Mr. Charlton is for all intents pre-
cisely the same frame as the " Adair."
It is a fraction of an inch larger each way,

but not enough to make any practical
difference. It is quite possible for any-
one to find out when an appliance is
thoroughly bad in a very short time.

The United States is a continent, and
"'las within it practically every possible
type of climate.

No, I did not know of much patient
experiment with larger frames. I do
know that 16 by 10 and Langstroth hives
are selling by hundreds in this country.

I am sorry Mr. Charlton has bitten so
deep on 14 by 12 frames. I hope he will
not regret it. He does not say if he is
also trying Langstroth and 16 by 10.

Truly, Mr. Editor^ bee-keepers are a
mixed crowd. Some write to me to say I
have done a good turn to bee-keeping;
others, like yourself, that I have done a
disservice — only some put it stronger.
Others, again, say I was an idiot not to
recommend the Langstroth ; and yet others
that the 16 by 10 is far too small, and the
Ouinby or Dadant-Blatt is the frame, or
the Root Jumbo. Perhaps it would be
no harm for me to say I am not trying
to please anyone. I don't care whether >
they are pleased at all.

It is perfectly obvious to me that the
future frame in this country for com-
mercial use will be either the " Lang-
stroth " or the " Commercial." I have
not and never had any wish to persuade
people to take up a larger frame, though
I strongly recommend it to those who are
not satisfied. A man who supplies bees
on frames would iudeed be foolish to try
and get those who wish to keep to the
standard to change from it. I hope to
supply bees on all sizes of frames, but it
is hardly necessary for me to say that it
is far easier to supply on standards. This
is not an advertisement; I have nothing
to sell this year.

Mr. Charlton bought or made 30 hives.
Well, I have this year bought or made
85— but they are not 14 x 12.— R. B.
Manlet.

Vagaries of fwarrrs.

[10269] , Perhaps the following may be
of interest to some of your readers : —

On June 16 last one of our hives
swarmed ; the swarm was hived the follow-
ing morning after spending the night in
the skep owing to wet weather. This
was a noticeably strong swarm, quite
6 lbs. A fortnight later, June 30, a cast
issued, apparently from same hive. They
settled on the side of a chimney of oui
employer's house, too high for our longest
ladder to reach. Immediately afterwards
it came on to rain; Thursday, July 1 it
poured all day, also most of Friday. Satur-
day was cold and showery, and elthough

Aug. 26, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

417

there were about two or three hours fine,
warm weather on Friday, the bees have
not yet moved. Are they comatose as in
winter? If not, they will surely be hard
up for food ! A second small group settled
at same time on the roof of a coal-shed
near, and they, too, are still quiet (shel-
tered by a slate). We think each group
may have a queen, and as one stock is, we
believe, queenless, we think of throwing
in the smaller group with this, flouring
both lots first. If the larger group on
chimney moves and settles on- a reason-
able place, we shall probably do same with
them.

For about a fortnight the weather has
been too wet and cold for us to open the
brood chambers to see what the various
stocks are doing. This is a hilly district,
with a number of tall trees near hives,
including limes and sycamores, and
swarms have twice this season settled
about 40 ft. from ground, or more usually
in trees unsafe to climb, e.g., Scotch fir.

Would a set of handles such as are used
by a sweep, attached to a skep, be an
effective device for securing these from a
ladder ?

When a swarm lifts and flies away, how
is the bee-keeper to keep them in sight as
the law demands, I believe, having regard
to the rapidity with which they move. —
Violet Hodgins.

Notes on the Past Season.

[10270] I notice you invite comments
on the past season, so will give you a
brief summary of the season in West-
morland.

The spring was late, very col<3, and wet.
Bees that were left to themselves were
slow in gaining strength and were late in
getting up to swarming pitch, conse-
quently swarms were late. Many other
stocks have not even swarmed. Stocks
that were fed early gave good results,
swarming early, queens getting mated,
and building up in goo-d time for the
clover season. This district is not one for
early surplus from fruit, etc., so we rely
mainly upon clover and heather. The
clover season has been a complete failure.
It is many years since we had such a
glorious prospect, with abundance of
clover, but the continual rain and cold
nights have ruined this source of surplus.
The same conditions are in evidence at
present, with the heather just showing
bloom. We still hope for a reward for the
energies of our bees' labours by obtaining
a goodly surplus of heather honey.

The rivers are in flood at the time of
writing. This has been typical of the past
season — two fine days only in July, 29 on
which wo had rain some part of the day.

A poor record for 1920, and sugar at
Is. 7d. per lb. is poor encouragement to
the bee-keeping industry in this district.
— G. C, Kendal.

Effect of Weather on Bees.

[10271] We were wisely told to keep
supers on for autumn. The result — I
found a swarm on a low bush. This, I
take it, was owing to bad weather. Young
queens were hatched, and, having many
drones still in the hive, bees flew out
during a sunny day. I was able to
borrow a big hive till mine arrives — soon,
I hope. Now, on opening the large hive
they left, I found one empty queen cell,
much brood, honey, and drones. The bees
attacked me like nothing I ever saw
before ; but I got supers and quilts on
and covered up, and walked towards the
house simply covered with stinging bees.
My wife said, " Come inside," which I
did, threw off my veil and coat, and filled
the room with bees in all stages. We soon
got them out, and I found I had a good
many stings on my wrists and other
places. So look out during this season.
Don't go through your hive without a
large smoker and large carbolic cloths, or,
my word! you will hear the "zip" of
the angry bees by the thousand, and their
kiss is most warm — too much " vim " in
it ! — Cyrii< Tredcroft,

Bees in a Hedge.

[10272] Last evening a lad came to
me with a message saying that there were
some bees hanging on a hedge belonging
to his father, and would I go and fetch
them away. It appears that cutting
round a field of beans ready for the
machine, they had come upon them.
When I reached the place I found a large
swarm in the bottom of the hedge, with
five large pieces of comb with sealed
brood. These bees must have been there
for some weeks (especially as we have been
having very cold weather and rain). They
were quite open to the elements, and I
regret not having had a snapshot taken
before I got them into a skep. I have
never seen anything like it before. —
Wii. S. Haxpord, West Wratting, Cambs.
August 20, 1920.

Aluminium Foundation.

[10273] Have any of your readers had
any success with the aluminium comb
foundation? I have tried it on several
occasions upon swarms, giving a few
frames of the metal together with those
of wax. Usually the bees have refused to
work the metal foundation at all ; in one

418

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Aug. 26, 1920.

instance, however, they built comb
parallel to the aluminium but only
attached to it by brace comb. In no
instance did the bees build a single cell
upon the hexagonal pattern of the metal.
I have not tried a swarm on metal
foundation only ; possibly with the mixed
foundation the superior attractions of the
wax have handicapped my results. —
Edwakd Turner.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2a. 6d. Is made for notieet
i(not exceeding 7 linet) in this column, 10 lines
charged 3«. 6d., up to 15 lines 5s., which covert
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

Saturday, August 28, at Hinckley.—

Leicefeterehlre and Rutland Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion, in connection witii Hinckley Flower Show.—
Open Classes for Hoiley, Sections and Jars. Prizee,
12s. 6d., 7s. 6d., and Ae. 6d. in each class. Judge,
J. Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.— Schedules from A.
Kimbrell, Esq., Clarendon Road, Hinckley.
Entries close August 23.

September 1 and 2, at Glasgow.— Glasgow
and District Bee-keepers' Association Second
Annual Show, in conjunction with Glasgow and
"Weet of Scotland Horticultural Society. Open
Classes in Honey Section.— Schedules from Peter
Bebbington, Hon. Secretary, 65, Robertson Street,
Glasgow.

September 8, 9 and 10.— Portsmoath B.K.A.
Honey Show, in conjunction with the Portsmouth
Allotment Holders' Show, at Connaught Drill Hall,
Portsmouth. Six Open Classes. Judge, W. Herrod-
Hempsall, F.E.S.— Schedules from Show Se&retary,
Mr. J. Sinnett, 154, Essex Road, Soutiisea.

Saturday, September 11. — Fforest-Fach
Horticultural Society, Swansea. Three Open
Classes for Honey, extracted and sections. Help
to foster bee cult this end. 1st prizes, 10s.; and
and 3rd in proportion.— Schedules ready from
G. L. AVilliams, Fforest-Fach, Swansea.

September 15, at Twickenham.— Twicken-
ham Horticultural Society's Great Vegetable Exhi-
bition. Honey exhibit^' under the control of
Twickemham and Thames Valley B.K.A. Two
Open Cla.sses for Comb and Extracted Honey. —
Schedules from Mies M. Byatt, " Hawthorn," Han-
worth, Middlesex. Entries close September 8.

September 18 to 24.— Grocers' Exhibition,
Agricultural Hall, London. Honey and Bee
Appliance Competitions, open to the United King-
dom. Good prizes. Entrance fee in each class Is.
— Sche<lule of Competitions sent on application,
ref<»rring to this journal, to H. S. Rogers, 31, Queen
Victoria Street, E.C.2. Entries close Sep-
tember 11.

September 22.— Altrincham Show. Several
Open Classes for Honey and Appliances.- Sche-
dules from H. Turner, 1, Market Street, Altrin-
cham.

October 5 to 8.— Essex Fruit and Honey Show
at In.slitute of Agriculture, Chelmsford. Open from
12 to 8 p.m. Admission free. Lectures and demon-
strations e-ach day.— Schedules from G. R. Alder,
7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.

October 19 to 22.— Dairy Show, Agricultural
Hall, London. Open Clas.ses for Honey, etc.— Par-
liculans, Secretary, Dairy Farmers' Association, 23,
Rus.so11 Siiuarc, London, W.C.I.

November 18.— ^jinual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Classes in Honey
Section.— Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42. Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. Entries picvse Novem-
ber 6,

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Renny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l§d. per xoord as " Busl>
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of Zs. per Jin., or 5«. per inch.

PRIVATE ADTERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, art
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number Is used.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to on$
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " frt* of
charge.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER than
FIRST POST on the Zlth of the month for
insertion in the next month's Record.

PRIVATE ADVEKTISEMENTS.

SURPLUS STOCKS, Italian and Hybrid,
vigorous, £4 each; box returnable.— DR.
JONES, Peatling iMagna, Leicester. ih.65

HONEY wanted, any quantities up to 5 cwt.;
tins forwarded.— MIDDLETON, Hardwick
Road, Streetly, Staffs. h.70

FOR SALE, about 35" Stocks and Swarms of
Hybrid Ligurian Bees on 8 to 10 frames and
Nuclei; mostly this year's Queens; excellent
workers.— REV. A. H. HALLEY. Crathie, Welling-
ton College, Berks. ■ r.h.79

EIGHT STOCKS on 10 frames, headed by 1920
Italian Hybrid Queens from same mother as
my 3-frame nuclei, but not purely mated; good,
hardy, disease-resisting stock reared on the East
Coast; £4 7s. 6d., carriage paid.— E. H. TUNMER,
" Chalfonts," Leiston, Suffolk. r.h.81

C1ARNI0LANS.— Surplus 4-frame Nucleus for
^ immediate delivery, 50s., carriage paid; 1920
Queen.— ROBERTS, 50, Otter Street, Derby. Ih.85

WANTED, Second-hand Extractor.-HULBERT,
Chalet, Wanvick Road, Olton, Warwick-
shire. r.h.95

I710R SALE, Second-hand, three W.B.C. Hives,
£1 each, complete; three long iHives to take
15 frames, two lifts and roof lift, £1 10s. each.—
MISS GORDON, We'thersfield, Braintree. h.96

FERTILE August, 1920, surplus Italian Hybrid
Queens, Penna etrain, 6s. each.— THOMAS,
Llansawel Vicarage, Briton-Ferry, Olam h.97

T^EMOVAL SALE.— Strong Stocks healthy Bees
IV in good hives, £5 each hive; deposit; carriage
paid.— MRS. MOATE, Welwick, Hull. h.98

SIX SURPLUS Black English 1920 Fertile Queens
for Sale, 5s. each; vigorous strain; no disease.
—DAVIDSON, Forest Road, Burton-on-Trent. h.99

T.^OR SALE, strong Stock Hybrid Bees on 10
I standard frames.— HARVATT. Beauchief.
Sheffield. h.lOO

SURPLUS.— Four 8-frame Stocks. 60s.; 4-frame
Nucleus. 50s.; boxes 10s.. returnable, or pur-
chaser send own box^s.— WITT, South Ascot, Berks.

Aug. 26, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

419

FOR SALE, new light Lincolnshire Honey, fine
quality. £8 8s. cwt.— SCHOFIELD, Spilsby
Eoad, New Leake, Boston. hJ03

IT'OR SALE, Apiary about 12 first-claes healthy
- Stocks, famous Doolittlo strain; buyer must
remove; inspection any time.^GOLDEN, Leire,
Lutterworth, Letcs. h.l05

PULLETS.— One dozen White Leghorn and
Wyandottes, April birds, lie. 6d. each; crates
and carriage extra.— W. WOODS, Noimandy, near
Guildford. Ii-lO*

F

OR SALE, about 5 cwt. Honey, £8 per cwt.-
F. SEAMAN, Sibsey. h.105

TWO strong Stocks Italian Hybrids, £3 each,
carriage forward.— HANNA, East Knoyle.
Salisbury, hJ.06

OVERSTOCKED.— I have ©till for Sale severaJ
Stocks of Italians and Hybrids, all strong,
with plenty of stores and at reasonable prices, fre*
on rail in W.B.C. hives or travelling boxes as
reqTiired.-<;URTIS HART, F.R.H.S., Newgate
Street, Hertford. h.l07

WANTlgD, two lots Driven Hybrid Italian Bees.
SUTHERLAND, Merchant, Latheronwheel,
Caithness. h.lO»

F

OR SALE, U Stocks very strong and healthy
Hybrid Beee (Italian-English) with W.B.C.

Hives and absolutely all appliances required,
including Honey Extractor, Ripener, and 13
Shallow Racks with drawn combs, the whole in
perfect order; leaving neighbourhood; price for
lot £68.-1. O. PELLY, Epping, Essex. h.l09

TEN good Stocks of Italian Hybrids, all in new
50s. hives, mostly on 11 frames, packed with
ihoney; lowest £50 the lot, or separate £6 per hive.
—GILES, Winston Avenue, Bournemouth West.

h.l32

TWO splendid Stocks Hybrid Italians, 1920
Queens, 10 frames, packed brood, young bees
and stores, very gentle, absolutely healthy, expert's
certificate, owner overstocked, £4.— REDDIE, Cliff
Cottage, Leigh, Essex. h.l33

WANTED, Cheshire's Diagrams.— KENWARD*
Berwyn House, Lewes, Sussex. h.ll2

SURPLUS STOCKS and Appliances for disposal,
property of gentleman giving up bee-keeping.
Particulars, stamp.— HOLM AN, Dunton Green.
Sevenoaks. h.ll3

WANTED, pure Native Englieh Fertile Queen
Bee. State age and price.- D. H. DUE-
RANT, New Eden Apiary, Petersfield. h.ll4

QUEENS, English and Italian, a few
good ones, 7s. 6d. each.— HILLS, Alton.

h.ll5

1920

SELLING OUT small Apiary healthy Hybrids.—
14 lO-framed Stocks, two 8-framed ditto, two
4-framed Nuclei. Offers Invited. Purchaser to
send boxes.— E. G. BANHAM, Westmeon Cycle
Works, Westmeon, Hants. h.ll6

FEW STOCKS of Italians on 10 frames, packed
with beee, £4; boxes 10s., returnable.- *
HENSLET, Luton Apiary, Queen's Road, Chat-
ham. h.ll7

SURPLUS 1920 fertile Golden and Leather-colour
Italian Queens, Penna strain, 10s. each.— J.
PALMER, Longford Farm, near Market Dravton,
Salop. h.ll8

SPECIAL OFFER.— Few surplus 1920 Italian
Hybrid Queens, 4e. ea«h.— A. LONGLEY, 35,
Tharp Road, Wallington, Surrey. h.l21

SURPLUS.— Ten healthy Stocks of Bees on 10
frames, 55s. per etock.— MASCALL, Bridge
Foot Apiary, Radwinter, S. Walden, Essex. h.l23

FOR SALE, a few strong, healthy Stocks on 10
bars, guaranteed healthy, £4 lOe.— FRANK
SEAMAN, Sibsey, Boston. g.l75

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE, 'Marl-
borough. h.l31

BUSINESS ADVEItTISEMSNTS.
lid. p«r word.

FLAVINE CANDY.— 61b. packages, 10s.; postage
Is. 3d. Made in Cambridge under our super-
vision from the best white sugar.— S. H. SMITH,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.h.87

CRAWLING DISEASE.— Reliable treatment for
curing and prevention; recipe 2s. 6d. — A. W.
SALMON, Cashfield, Chingford. h.l20

DRIVEN BEES, with Queen, Hybrids, good
workers, 8s. 6d. per lot, carriage paid; cash.—
LEIGH, Broughton, Hants. h.59

HEALTHY DRIVEN BEES, with Queen, lOa.
per lot, carriage paid; boxes returnable. Casli
with order. Orders in rotation.— PULLEN, Rams-
bury, Hungerford. r.g.211

ITALIAN QUEENS from Penna's queen, virgins
4s., fertile 93. 6d.; Hybrid Italians, virgins
3s. 6d., fertile 8s. 6d.; Hybrid Stocks on 4 frames,
50s.; box, returnable, 10a.— WARD, Deesido
Nursery, West Kirby. r.g.215

ITALIAN QUEENS, pure imported, lis. 6d. each;
safe delivery guaranteed; immediate delivery.
-C. T. OVERTON & SONS, Crawley. r.h.49

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 50s.; box charged lOs., returnable;
6-frame Stocks, 70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 903. Imme-
diate delivery (weather permitting). Italian
fertile Queens, lOs. 6d. English Run Honey and
Sections wanted.— LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary,"
Burgess Hill, Sussex. r.g.ll4

STRONG 3-FRAME NUCLEI, 1920 fertUe
Queens, 30s.; box 5s., returnable; Stocks on 8
frames, 60s; boxes 10s., returnable.— W. WOODS,
Normandy, near Guildford. g.53

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt deliveryj
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing stock, August-September.— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. T.g.TA

" TTfTIGHT " DISEASE, prevention and removal;

TT advice 6s.— ALFD. RYALL, Kenwood

Apiary, Elcombe, Stroud. rJi.3

1Q9n FERTILE Golden Italian Queena.
±%j^J\J guaranteed Imported direct from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, lOs. each;
specially selected, 14s.— GOODARB, New Croea,
Wednesfield. tM

ITALIANS.— Fine Queens from 86.; quick
delivery; stamps.— HOUSTON, Ellen Villa,
Sidcup. h.ll0

MASHEATH MEMS.—" I badly wanted to pinch
those 6-frame chambers (double six Mas-
heath). The whole thing was so nicely made, oneV
mouth waters at sight of a decently made hive.
I'd like to have 'em to show how things can be
made (supplied)."- E. R. at Cambridge Lecture
and Demonstration, February SO.— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. h.lll

420

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Aug. 26, 1920.

SELECT TESTED QUEENS. — Three-banded
leather-coloured Italians, gentle, hardy and
prolific and disease resisting, one year old or less,
right in their prime, 10s. 6d.; also untested 1920
Queens, same price; safe arrival guaranteed.—
THE APIARY, Buckfast Abbey, S. Devon. r.h.l25

ITALIAN Hybrid Queens, fertiles, 10s.— JACK
TICKELL, Westbourne Apiary, Cheltenham.

h.l26

D

RIVEN BEES, four lots. What offers?—
BOOKER, Alfold, BilUngshurst. ih.l27

STRONG 3-rRAME NUCLEI, 1920 fertile Queen,
splendid strain, 256.; case 6s., returnable;
extra brood and bees, 7s. 6d. per frame. Driven
Bees with Queen, 126. 6d.-15s. 6d. per lot; cases 5s.,
returnable.- W. WOODS, Normandy, near Guild-
ford. h.l28

FOR SALE, Natives or Italian Hybrids, a few
Stocks on 8 combs, 80s.; Nuclei, 4 combs, 503.;
Queens, 7s. 6d.; boxes 10s., returnable; carriage
extra; all first-elase ^tock. Some Driven Bees,
middle September, strong lots withi young Queen,
10s.— W. ROBERTS, Ninfield, Battle, Sussex. h.l29

EALTHT DRIVEN BEES, with Queen, 8a. per
lot, carriage paid, to clear; boxes returnable;
cash with order.— PULLEN, Ramsbury, Hunger-
ford. h.130

A FEW 1920 Queens and Nuclei for Sale.— BEE
SUPPLIES & PRODUCTS ASSOCIATION,
LTD., 39, Wandle Road, S.W.17. h.l22

"TSLE OF WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

X use the solution that cures; 2s. per bottle.—

E. PRESSET, St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.d.l49

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.-Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

HONEY FOR FEEDING BEES.— Finest West
Indian, tin of about 60 lbs., 6&s. 6d., carriage
paid 100 miles.— LONDON TRADING AGENCY,
32, St. Mary Axe, E.C.3. r.h.l34

Altrincham Agricultural Society.
ANNUAL SHOW,
Wednesday, September 22.

£2,500 JV PRIZES.

Silver Cups and Medals for Horses, Cattle, Pigs,

Turnouts, Hunters, Jumpers, Roots, Grain, Butter,

Cheese, Implements, Dogs, Poultry, Pigeons,

Rabbits', and Cavies.

Open Classes for Honey.

- Increased Prize Money in All Sections.

Prize List may be had from the Secretary,

HERBERT TURNER,

1, Market Street, Altrincham,
Tel. 174.
Entries close September 4. Double fees, September 8.
Dog entries close September 10.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. HEBBOI>-Hi:JaPSAI.Ii, 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address ;

Signor Gaetano Plana,
Castel San Pietro,
near Bologna, Italy,

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr, W. Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employ ed, with whico
he is perfectly satisfied. '

PRICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,
9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B.B.J."
Oiflee.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Piana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ," and
" B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W,C.a.

Cbeques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
attd Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. Th*
" Bazaar " publishes also practiccil handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
V.INDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON, E.C2.

BwB

EST CLEARING and
WINTERING BOARD,
SUPER CLEARER, &c.

IVIEADO

A Necessity for all Bee-Keepers
all the year round.
V/SS, SYSTON, LKICE-TER.

POSITIVE FACTS. >«. 13^. 920

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back of the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in :6 X lo frames.

, Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY.

Illuatrated Lists free by vost.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent.

Aug. 26, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

BARGAINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING.

Blue Serge Trousers for Working Men 12/6
Blu6 Serge Trousers, as new" .. .. 14/-
New Blue Serge Trousers, best quality .. 21/-
New Holeproof Trousers, highly recom-
mended 18/-

New Bedford Cord Breeches, Officers'

. quality 42/-

New Cord fiiding Breeches, strapped . . 22/e

Khaki Drill Trousers, OfScers' quality . . 10/6
Khaki Drill Jackets with pockets,

Officers' quality 10/6

Khaki Drill Trousers, ordinary .. .. 7/6

Khaki Drill Jackets, ordinary . . . . 7/6
New Blue Drill Overalls, complete with

pockets 12/6

New Oilskin Overcoats, extra quality . . 26/6

Army Waterproof Ground Sheets, 72 x 36, brase

eyelets, slightly soiled, 9/- for 2, 4 for 17/-.

Black Rubber Combination Cyclists' Suits, com-
plete with Sou'wester, 20/-; cost Government
63/-.

New Heavy Workmen's Boots, 18/9 pair.

New Brown Boots, all sizes, 22/6; worth
double.

Ne^ Full-size Australian Wool Blankets, 21/-
each.

New Pull-eize Australian Grey Blankets, 18/6
each.

New Pull-size White Fleecy Blankets, 16/9
pair. '

Selected Army Wool Blankets, all colouns and
sizes, 12/- each.

Heavy Woollen Check Fringed Rugs, new,
22/6 each.

Heavy Woollen Check Motor Rugs, 30/- each.

Now is the time to buy Blanke4,s; they will be very scarce and dear later.
WRITE TO-DAY POR IiIST OF NUMEROUS OTHER BARQAINS.

SACAR'S UNIVERSAL STORES (Dept. 3 ), ARDWICK, MANCHESTER.

STANDARDIZE

BY USING

KENT DEWEY STANDARD FRAMES
AND KENT STANDARD HIVES

WHICH NEVER VARY.
SUPPLIED FROM STOCK. LIST FREE.

LONDON OFFICE:— 39, WANDLE ROAD, S.W. 17.

RACTEROI

'^ FOR BEES *-*

2/9 per Bottle.

99 The_ cure for, and preventive ofi

" Isle of Wight ' Disease.
Non-poisonou8 — free from stain
or unpleasant odour.

MENLEY & JAMES. LTD.,

Post Free. Menley House, Hatton Garden, E.C 1.

BRADBURY, TAUNTON,

FOR QUALITY BEE GOODS.

Illustrated Bee
Guide free.

Telephone: TAUNTON 176.

20-Page 1920 "WHITE STAR" List,

Sid. POST FREE.

S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

I very much regret tfuU there has been a large increase in the coat of the manufacture of bte
appliances, and therefore my prices will be advanced 10% from May 10th. Books excepted.

THE BBITISH BEE JOUENAL. Aug. 26. 1920.

■di

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at

Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods.

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives.

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate

despatch.

CANDY. Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY, Send sugar vouchers

with order.

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION.

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used.

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an

Apiary," post free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appliance Makers,
WORMIT, FIFE.

CeeVBeeSupplies. §

f| In design, material and workman-
ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain

the reputation of being your best and

safest investment.

a a a

Cf Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE is yours for the asking. It

contains detailed information on the

most up-to-date hives and appliances

for which the House of Lee is famous.

a a a
fj We regret the necessity of having
" to advise our Customers that owing
to the increased cost of production, all
prices in 1920 price list are subject to
10% increase. The increase will not
apply to orders received Ijefore May 10.

♦^* Five per cent discount to Members of
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON.

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

(Telegrams: Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

Pbiiiibd bx thb AviNui PBI88 (L. Upcoti Giu & SoK, Ltd.), 65-57, Dedrv Lani, London, W.C, and

PDBLUBIO fOB IBB PaOFBIKTOR (W. HIBBOD-HeMPBALL), n 8IMPKIN, MABSHALL. iHAXILTON.

Kui k Co.. I/ro., OH A tt. Patibnoku Sov. S.0. .1

i

n

\

n
n

BsmiH Bn Jovrku. ino Bn-Enpiu' Aotiskb, September 2, 1920.

OCT 1 0 192

,i*icTaltu[r

OTii^5»

& JBce-JT^ccpcrs
61dviscr.

CV^^ckly Journal Devoted to
the Interests oj

Bce-Kcepers.

No. 1993. Vol. XLVIII

SEPTEMBER 2, 1920.

[PubZis/ied every Thursday, Price 2d.

CO If o? JB irrr s.

PAGE

RovAL Show Fjjnd 421

A Dorset Yarn •. 421

Jottings from iHtjntingdonshire 422

Notes on Bbe-keepino 423

A Brief Report 424

Notes from Norwich 424

Price op Swarms in Germany 425

Twickenham and Thames Valley B.K.A 425

Salisbury and District B.K.A 425

Derby B.K.A '. 426

Guildford and District B.K.A 427

Staffordshire B.K.A 427

New Tear Honey Cake 427

Honey Recipe 427

Correspondence—

Notes and Comments 428

Notes on Laurels 428

Crawling Disease in Bees 428

Foreign Honey Feeding 429

Notes on Notes and Comments 429

High Price for Honey 429

Aluminium Foundation , 429

Swarms Affected with " I.O.W." Disease .. 430

FOOD FOR BEES.

Owing to the continued bad weather there is a
likelihood shortage this Winter. To prevent loss
of Stocks order at once TAYLOR'S renowned

S YRUP

In tins, 7 lb,, 14 lb. and 28 lb. at 1/S per lb.,
Carriage extra.

We are in a position to supply, without vouchers,

the best

CANDY

made from pure Sugar, plain or medicated, 1/6 lb.
Carriage extra.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS-

Telephone— WELWYN 13.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 2, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Office : 2', Bedford Street, Straad, London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edltefl by T. W. COWAN, r.L.S., &c.,
and 3. HERBOD-HEmPSAI.1., F.E.S.

CoFPespondenee : Whom to Address.—

* All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., shoJild be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all basiness commonications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
0/fice.

Sab8<@rlptions. - Annual Subscription,
lUs. lOd. poet free in advance ; single copies
2i.,or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
L<7 post, a stamped and addressed envelope
:(iust be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders ihoold
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for snmll amoonta up to 2i.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in" payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufaeture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers ia the paper.

OUR J)EPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yon are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing with strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched until notice that
the money has be«n deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— Wh«n strangers are dealing
together, i«he purchase- money of the articles is
deposited at oar office. We acknowledge receipt
at the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until w« are satisQed that the purchase is con-
cluded, n asalebe effected. v« remit to the seller
the amount deposited,' less a charge of 2i
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Poet Office Orders ivad
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque.
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
v« return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must bo made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders Khoold be kept by the sender.

We eansAi be retpooaibU for aay leas tfaai Majr
accur in traaaii.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will b« wld
by sample, which must be sesi direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we iiold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.- These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
i&c.. go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.»., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, txctpt
»uch a$ are tent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way..

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

CasJi in full must be sent with order.

Postage

A Modern Bee Farm 7/6 ... 8id.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Advanced Be« Culture

(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 6id.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett) 5/- ... 4d.
BZ:£-K£EPING SIMFIaXFIED

FOB THB COTTAG£R AND

SMAI.I.HOIiI>i:b (W.HEaaon- .

Hempsau., J?.E.S.) 1/- ... 2d.

BBITISli B£B - KEBPEBS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers 2/6 ... 3d.

Cloth covers ' ... 3/6 ... 4d.

Dissectlble Model of Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3d,

FEBTII.ISATION OF FBUIT

BI.OSS0MS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) -/3 ... Xd.

Honey and Health (A. Hops) ... -/6 ... Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rkv. G. Bancks) -/2 ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Comstock) 5/- ... 44d.

Management of Out Apiaries 3/- ... 2d.
Prevention of Swarming

(Wilkes) 1/- ... Id,

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hoopke, F.E.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.
PRODUCIKG, PBEPABING,

EXHlBillNQ AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE <W.

Heeeod-Hempsall. F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Queen Bearing in England ~~

(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Bearing

(Doolittle) ... 4/- ... 3id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CBAFT (T. W, Cov^an) ... 2/- ... 2id.

MISCEIJtANEOUS.

Maeterlinck's Life of the Bee 5/- ... 3d.
The Itore of tne Honey Bee

(Ticknee EnvyAEDES) 2/- ... 2§d.

THE BEE WOBI.D (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Ciub,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... 14d.

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(Ticknee Edwaedes) 7/6 ... 44d.

British Bee Joarnal & Record Offiec,

28. Bbdfobd stbbbt. stbjlnd Londoh. W.at.

Sept. 2, 1920;

THE BBITISH BEE JOUENAL.

421

Royal Show Fund.

The following further donations have
been received: — Mr. Julian E. Lock-
wood, £1 Is. ; Miss Sillar, 5s., bringing
the total to £23 12s. lid.

'A Dorset Yarn.

" We have snow on the hills," wrote a
lady bee-keeper last week. This last week
at our farm has been a wonderful one.
We had a few very cold nights in the week
ending August 21, but this has been a
record one for heat, Thursday and Friday
being very hot.

Bees are filling bars at a record rate.
Yesterday (August 28) they were drawing
out standard bars, a thing I have never
known them do before, unless it was with
driven bees. A mighty swarm which came
in July had seven bars with drawn-out
comb. Ten days back I gave it a box of
eight standard bars of foundation, with
one from another hive that was full of
surplus. The bees have quite drawn out
the one on either side and one side of the
two adjoining. These are very black bees,
but it is the same with the Italians and
the crosses^all seem to be making up for
the long time of wet. Even on the top_
rack of sections one can see -through the
glass cover that the outer cells are being
capped over, and in others the shining
nectar all freshly stored. It is not all
heather, though that is the greater part,
as so many fly in a "bee line" to the
moorland, but they are on raspberries,
violets, and ragweeds, and the honey is
of very fine flavour.

I , wrote a week or two back of the
vagaries of bees. Each week shows me
still more of their preference for the thick
brood foundation in standard bars. One
had two racks of sections that were
finished all but the outer rows. These
were taken off the first week in August,
a rack of sections with full pieces of foun-
dation being placed over the brood cham-
ber, with a box of standard bars over the
sections. They started on the bars at
once, have filled five of them and drawn
out two others, but the sections have not
been drawn out. In another that was
treated in the same way at the same time
the sections were completed first, and they
are doing the bars even as fast as the
other lot that had not worked the sec-

tions. The sections in each were new,
the foundation clean, but very thin, yet
one lot ran through them; the other
worked them out first and filled them be-
fore starting the standard bars.

I have found this year, in some that had
three racks of sections, that a new one
placed between the two lower ones was
filled and capped in a week. In another
hive it was left severely alone, but when
the three were taken oS and the empty
one placed over the brood nest they at
once started on it.' This was a lot
started with four bars of foundation in
May, with nine other bars drawn out.
These have never swarmed, are excep-
tionally strong, and have but a few
drones. This one has still on top of the
rack mentioned two others that other
stocks had not finished.

This method of increase is to me the
best; in neither instance . have they
swanned. The workers rule the hive;
from the outset they knew they would
not swarm, as there was plenty of room
for extension in the empty bars; only a
moderate lot of drones, quite late. Then
they seem to have superseded the old
queen and started with a young one (in
one instance I saw her as she came back
from the marriage flight), so as to make
sure of another good queen for another
year. With bees nothing is left to chance;
all must be made sure that the race shall
be carried on.

It is the same with another lot of this
same natural order — the wasps. I dug
out one nest twice and gave the young
grubs to the fowls, but some that were
away started another nest in the same
hole. They soon had a paper dome as
large as a cricket ball. This I destroyed,
and this week there was another as large
as a tennis ball. They wanted to rear a
few queens to carry on the race for
another year, but this time they are check-
mated, as it is too late, and they have
ceased to try to raise another paper home.
These vagaries of bees all add to the
interest of them, and it proves to me that
the workers rule. When no drones are
raised till late in the season they raise a
young queen ; when drones are raised early
then the workers will it they shall swarm
and found new colonies to carry on the
race.

We have kept careful notes this season
of all the stocks. It is only the strong
that are of any use for surplus, or perhaps
of use at all, because the weak ones are
sure to be robbed out. We had one
cleared out in one day (Thursday) while
at Bournemouth, the first this year; but
the bars are clean, and will do for in-
crease next year. As our acreage of fruit
increases we must of necessity have more

422

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 2, 1920.

stocks of bees in the different areas, as it
is better to have them near the fields than
for them to have to go so far for food.
It is the same with the heather; if the
hives are closer more could be gathered.
It is not wise to have too many in one
place, as they must all go so far for food
at different times. Our lot cannot fill up
the brood chamber with stores from the
raspberries close home, There are about
a million canes now in bloom, and these
will flower till the frost destroys them.
We find that it is not wise to cover down
for the winter too. soon, as they have
swarmed quite late. When the surplus
racks are taken off there is no room for
them. One lot that had a rack of sec-
tions taken away and given to another to
finish has covered the tops of bars with
comb and stores, entirely blocking up the
centre, where the small piece of glass gives
the owner a chance to see them in the long
days of winter. Another lot did not do
anything in sections : after they were taken
away bees were hanging round the en-
trance as if going to swarm (this was a
Taylor hive with no free way all round
the brood box). I gave them a rack of
sections made up of those that were not
perfect, only second grade; now they have
filled most of them.

The seasons are different now; one can-
not work to rule as we do our seed sowing.
If we want our peas in different months
we sow them to allow so many weeks to
develop, but with our bees it is the
weather that alters things for them.
They are now making up for so much
forced inaction, but have a great deal of
" leeway " tO' cover. — J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Yellow dominates the roadside. The
Goldenrod is a very handsome plant,
standing up well above the uncut grasses
of the thicket, while the Eagworts cluster
closely along the ditches and send their
conspicuous heads through the hedges,
looking, in the moonlight, like stars in an
emerald sky. Nearer the roadway are our
old friends the Hawkweed and Catsear,
but more charming than them all is the
Meadow Vetchling which rambles over the
low-cut hedges, literally smothering the
hawthorns with their delicate flowers.
Less conspicuous, but sweeter-scented, is
the Bird's-foot Trefoil. At home in dry
pastures, this little plant provides much
nectar for insect life, and incidentally food
for cattle when in its seeding state. Oh,
yes, there are plenty of flowers about, but
at the time of writing a northerly wind is
blowing, the skies are grey, and the hive-
fronts are not scenes of throbbing life.

Queens in disgust are ceasing to lay; only
a few drones are left, and they chiefly in
queenless hives. The best way to get more
brood is to re-queen. Why a young queen
will cease laying in her own home, and
when introduced to another will begin
depositing eggs in every available cell, is
not quite clear. Maybe in a new home
she is anxious to show what she can do, or
mayhap she has to give a good account of
herself to her new subjects to prevent
being thrown out as an intruder.

Harking back to drones. I was looking
through a friend's apiary ten days ago
and found one colony queenless, and of
course choked with drones. A new queen
was immediately ordered, but lest there
should be great delay in her arrival I
introduced a frame of comb from another
hive containing brood in all its stages.
On looking in a week after, the bees had
legun to build a queen cell, and had also
expelled quite nine-tenths of the drones.
Drones, we know, are stingless, but they
have strength, and since, in this particular
hive, there were as many, or more, drones
than workers, it shows what worker bees
can do. Fancy a thousand women expel-
ling 1,200 men I /

Mr. Editor, I have brought the wrath
of not a few bee-masters (?) down upon my
head for stating- that so far no certain
cure for " Isle of Wight " disease has
been found. I am accused of " stupid
ignorance," a ^' swelled head," " a slave
to ignorant but highly paid officials,"
' ' one ready to swallow any rubbish
written by men sitting in offices with frock
coats who read about but never keep
bees." Poor me! But I'm still smiling.
Others write to say they have a cer-
tain cure and have advertised, but people
don't readily buy — as one writes, " be-
cause I don't happen to be in the inner
circle of the bee-men of the country.','
What is meant by this " inner circle"?
I do not know. Where are its offices?
Who are its members? Not that I want
to join them. Were I a fly, I'd rather
travel round a wheel near the rim than
the hub ; I should see more. But I am a
little bit inquisitive as to that " inner
circle." Can yon enlighten us, Mr.
Editor? [Sorry, we cannot. So far as
we know, it only exists in the imagination
of a few disgruntled and disappointed
folk who would like an " inner circle " —
composed of themselves and their friends.
—Eds.]

To continue my experience with the old
gentleman whom I mentioned last week.
He sent for me again as he was worrying
about the non-laying queen. Perhaps it
would be best if I extracted a frame of
honey to enable the queen to lay. In
course of conversation, however, he men-

Sept. 2, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOUENAL.

423

tioned standard brood frames ready drawn
out lie had stored away from last year.
After satisfying myself they were free of
disease, I placed two of them in the
centre of the brood nest and took two
frames of honey away, to be used for
feeding purposes, covered the rest down
snugly after placing two tablets of Api-
cure on the floor and a crushed naphtha-
line ball on the quilt. A cursory glance in
a few days will soon reveal whether or no
her majesty is laying. On opening hive
No. 3, the number of wasps present told
its own tale. The hive was queenless.
. Strange that in every apiary, with one ex-
ception, which I have examined this sum-
mer at least one hive was queenless. In
this particular hive there were stores of
honey and pollen down below, and some
10 lbs. in the super, but as the colony had
dwindled down to about 500 workers, and
as many drones, I suggested uniting, but
my friend would not agree. He'd get~a
new queen by return of post; he'd tele-
graph straightway, I expostulated that
fertile queens were Aot knocking about in
such prolific numbers th^t they could be
got so easily. " Try and save them then,
if you can ; I should hate to see a hive
and no bees issuing therefrom." I passed
on to hive No. 4. Here wag some queen,
a rack of sections well filled, brood in six
combs, thousands of young bees, and — I
was glad to see this as it happened — a ripe
queen cell on one of the combs. I was un-
decided what to do. Introduce the queen
to the queenless hive and leave the unborn
princess to carry on the colony, or transfer
the frame containing the queen cell into
the queenless hive and leave the live queen
where she was. As the old gentleman
wanted his No. 3 colony sparing, a fertile
queen would be the thing to do it; on the
other hand, the weather was cold and
drones were scarce except in hive No. 3,
and it's pretty certain they would be
turned out on the appearance of a queen.
If, then, the virgin queen was not able to
mate. No. 4 would soon be in a helpless
condition. I decided to transfer the live
queen and request my host to get another
fertile queen as soon as possible in case
the virgin left to No. 4 should never be-
come fertile. I caught her majesty and
placed her in hive No. 3 (a risky thing to
do). She was welcomed with great ela-
tion, but she herself showed fight. It
was most pathetic to see the movements
of the bees in their anxiety to convince
the queen they wanted her to stay. Tlioy
offered her honey, hummed to her, saluted
and what not. My only fear was she
would fly off. So I sprayed her well,
covered the hive down, and left it. I
shall be visiting them again in a few
davs, when I shall be able to know the
result.-^E. F. Hemming, Steeple Gidding,

Notes on Bee Keeping.

Almost immediately after the honey
flow ceases bees will comence to rob where
they have the opportunity — any weak stoci
will be a desirable object for their atten-
tion. We must therefore take preven-
tive measures to stop this inveterate
habit of the bee, for bees are by nature
inveterate robbers. If honey is coming
in plentifully no robbing will be done, but
in such seasons when, from dearth of
blossoms of honey - producing plants,
nectar cannot be obtained, every bee
seems to be possessed with a spirit to
obtain this, or a substitute, in any pos-
sible manner. A bee-keeper who has once
experienced a determined case of robbing
in his apiary will not soon forget it. The
air is alive with angry bees dashing about
here and there in all directions. Matters
appear worse around the entrances of
hives, fighting, stinging, and struggling
taking place, as if their very existence
depended upon the amount of damage
they could do in a given time. The
killed are cast down in hundreds, whilst
all around the combatants are struggling
in each other's embrace. Woe betide any
bee-keeper who attempts to go among
this angry crowd without some protection.
Any living creature would receive a more
than fair allowance of the bees' spite. In
most cases it is usually a fault, or acci-
dent, on the part of the bee-keeper, such
as honey left about, syrup spilt, or hives
carelessly left uncovered. Before robbing
has reached this stage the fact should
have been found out — it may then easily
be stopped ; but when such dimensions
have been reached it is an exceedingly
difficult job to tackle. It is very rarely
an observant bee-keeper has such a mis-
hap of such wholesale robbery, as when
a knowledge is gained of the time of the
year when such is likely to take place
extra precautions are taken. It is to the
bee-keeper's advantage to keep a sharp
look-out after the close of the honey flow,
and until cold weather sets in. Vei'y
little trouble need be taken with strong
colonies, as they are usually in a position
to look after themselves, but in the case
of nuclei or weak stocks narrow the
entrances to about two bee-space width,
and the greatest care must be taken that
no honey, honeycomb (having honey, or
the smell of such attached to it), syrup,
even freshly expelled larvro hanging
around the apiary will sometimes be the
cause of it. Where a hive is being
attacked a tuft of grass laid against the
entrance will often baffle the i'nvaders, as
in attempting to gain an entrance the
besieged can tackle them singly in the
blades of the grass. Glass laid in front
of the entrances, or carbolic acid smeared

424

TEE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL. Sept. 2, 1920.

on the alighting-board and around the
entrance, will sometimes check it; but
where none of these take effect and stop
the strife, throw a carbolised cloth over
the attacked colony, and leave on until
nightfall. This will generally overcome
the attention of the besiegers. Where
this will not answer — and this is exceed-
ingly rare — move the besieged hive to a
cool, dark cellar, fastening in the inmates
with perforated zinc. When returned to
its original stand — say after about two
days' time — the enemy will have forgotten
all about it. Spring, before honey com-
mences,to come in, and autumn, after the
flow has ceased, or in the interim between
the cessation of one species of flower blos-
som, and the commencement of another, is
the time when robbing is likely to take
place. Spring robbing is a mild affair as
compared with aTitumn. If we take the
necessary precautions (" prevention is
better than cure "), keep all colonies
strong, and be sure there are no queen-
less colonies in our apiaries, robbing will
become unknown.

It will be necessary to continue gentle
feeding to ensure plenty of young bees to
carry stocks through the winter, for the
weather is still wet a«id cold, with little
prospects of any change as yet here in
Lanes., and the queens can be kept laying
until about the middle of September
before feeding up for winter. A Cheshire
bee-keeper has been experiencing diffi-
culties in getting his bees to accept
Itfilian queens under the method termed
" direct queen introduction." My advice
to new beginners is to use the cage, espe-
cially when introducing valuable queens.
In my own experience it has been some-
times difficult to introduce queens of a
different race of bees ; they do not so
rendilv take to the queens, and when
introducins; fresh queens of other varie-
tios it is the safest method of introduc-
tion to adopt. — P. Lythgoe, Padgate,
Warrington, Lanes.

A Brief Report.

Honey at last! Bees began storing on
August 22, and have secured more honey
in one week than during the preceding
three months. , -

Strong forces were obtained by uniting
two adjoining colonies on one set of
combs packed with brood, and these com-
posite lots have already two racks of sec-
tions filled with heather honey.

r»iven another week's sunshine, the
honey season of 1920 may turn out a
good one after all. — J. M. Ellis, Gretna,
August 30,

Notes from Norwich.

It may be of interest to know that we
run all our stocks with British standard
frames. I find that ■ with a 12-frame
brood nest full of honey and bees, in early
June, is as much^ as I can conveniently
lift ; for anyone to favour a larger frame —
well, they must be extra strong in body
and mind to pull about such teeming
weights on a hot summer day; surely they
don't lift out -frames one by one in these
larger brood nests. Shallow frames are
too small in size, and require more time
in handling, also make more lumber.

The reason given for a larger frame is
because the queen does not like passing
the top or bottom bar; mine are extra
thick, as, thin ones being too flimsy, I do
not entertain them. The queens, I find,
will take to two storeys of standard
frames easily, making one huge slab of
brood in the middle combs, and stores on
those outside. I took up all my honey
the first week in June, as I did not wish
to encourage the wicked price of sugar to
feed.

Had the weather been any way favour-
able I should have reduced the combs
down to one brood nest of ten or twelve
frames, with the most brood and stores;
they would then winter well.

With a few spare standard, or, if pre-
ferred, shallow frames, one can easily
bruise and lay one on top of frames in
-early spring, if short of stores. Frankly,
I have no use for such large frames; good
queens, if a hive was tiered up with all
shallow frames, would answer just the
isame. I find swarming to be the natu-e
of bees, and, try what one may, the best
is to de-queen after a stock has built up
immensely and shows queen cells. Out
out all queen cells and take away queen,
or cage her. If the stock can spare a
small nucleus with a queen cell, kill the
old queen, make a small nucleus with a
queen cell or two, cut out all queen cells
in the stock, and again in ten to twelve
days. The bees will not have any nursing
to do; they then become all honey workers.
After three or four weeks unite the
nucleus and young queen, which would be
laying, to the stock, which would then
work with double vigour and no farther
swarming. By de-queening, the bees can
clean wp well, or the bee-keeper can, if
he or she wishes to help; I do. The combs
will then be more hygienic. The bees
may be good cleansers; you mtist assi.H
them in this. Our beds would not, be
verv healthy if they were used morning
and night. As a cell so soon gets another
egg after the young boo is hatched, no
wonder bees wish to swarm and build
now, clean homes.

Some talk of queens being forced to lay ;

Sept. 2, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

425

1 cannot understand this. I note some
of mine have as many as seven eggs in
some cells; considering the weather now I
wish they would slacken off. I agree
with Mr. Bowen that imported queens are
not what one would wish; they want
hardening off. I had one small stock that
wintered on candy, quite large slabs on
top ; this was ready to swarm the begin-
ning of April. I fancy this dark Italian
queen must kave kept laying all winter
for them to be so strong. In one apiary
rear here bees have ample stores. I shall
have to feed; this will mean honey ofithe
money earned. As I cannot afford increase
and have no room for more stocks, I shall
rest content with a few, looking for a
brighter season for all next year.- — A.
Trowse, Eade Eoad, Norwich, August 22.

Price of Swarms in
Germany.

A reader of the Gernafian paper " Bienen-
zucht " asked the editor what was the
right price to pay for a swarm. The
editor replied at some length, saying at
last that in June bees were worth two and
a half times as much as honey per lb.,
and in July twice as much as honey.
" Thus," continued the editor, " when
honey is 1 mark per lb., swarms are 25
marks, when honey is 15 marks bees are
37.50 marks, and when honey is 20 marks
— a price that may well be reached this
year — bees in June are worth 50 marks
per lb. — we hold that an average price
of 25 marks per lb. for bees is right at this
time. Bee-keepers with a rich, late honey
flow will easily make use of bees at this
price, given good bloom and good weather
together."

From which it appears that, other things
being equal, heather bee-men are lucky to
be able to buy bees 20 per cent, cheaper
than the white clover man. This year the
white clover has let us down badly. Let
us hope the heather will be more kindly.

Eighteen Days' C.B. — Germany's June
must have been much like our" July.
Teacher Pauls, writing froiq, beautiful old
Marienburg his monthly notes for " Die
Deutsche Bienenzucht," says : — "In the
last week of May the windows of Heaven
were opened and a mighty rain fell, in-
flicting on our bees eighteen days' C.B.
They could only snatch here and there an
hour or so a day to drive their trade in
the wet fields." He goes on to say that
wherever bee-keepers meet their first
word is one of lamentation on account of
the poor sugar ration, which in many
apiaries has caiised a loss of 90 per cent..
This also is very much as in England. —
Q. Q. Desmond.

Twickenham and Thames

Valley Bee-JCpepers'

Association.

By the courtesy of the Hounslow Allot-
ment Association, an exhibition of honey
was held at their annual show on August
28. Mr. A. G. Gambrill, of Richmond,
officiated as judge, and made the follow-
ing awards : —

OPEN CLASSES.

1-lb. section of comb honey. — Mrs. G.
Scott, Hull.

1 lb. jar of extracted honey. — Rev. J.
Morley Davies, N. Devon.

CLASSES RESTRICTED TO MEMBERS OF THE
ASSOCIATION.

Three sections of comb honey. — 1, Mr.
J. Curtis, Teddington; 2, Mr. G. Patter-
son, Isleworth; 3, Mrs. Fox, Twickenham.

Shallow frame. — 1, Mr. J. Curtis; 2,
Mrs. Fox.

Three 1-lb. jars of extracted honey. — 1;
Mr. J. Curtis; 2, Mrs. Fox; 3, Mr. G.
Patterson.

Three 1-lb. jars of granulated honey. —
1, Mr. J. Curtis; 2, Miss, Shaw, Feltham;
3, Mr. G. Patterson.

Messrs. James hee^ & Son, of Uxbridge.
staged an excellent exhibit of hives and
appliances.

During the evening Mr. Gambrill de-
livered an exceedingly interesting and in-
structive lecture on modern bee-keeping,
which was very veil attended.

At the conclusion of the show the honey
in the open classes was sold for the benefit
of Hounslow Hospital.

The Committee take this opportunity
to thank all who contributed to the gift
classes, thus helping to make the show a
success. — M. Byatt.

Salisbury and District
Bee-Keepers* Associatioa.

The second annual honey show of the
Salisbury and District Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation, since the termination of the war,
took place on Wednesday, August 25, at
the "Wardrobe, the Close, Salisbury, by
the, invitation of the Misses Hussey.
There was a large attendance of bee-
keepers, including the Hc^n. Louis Greville,
president of the Association. The honey
and produce were staged in the drawing-
room. Although the season has not been
one tending to quantity, the quality of
the exhibits was adjudged as_ exceptional,
and such as would rank with the best
gathered. The exhibits of Mr. E. C R.
White, of "Winterbourne, who acted as
judge, were very efEective. Mr. J. E.

426

THE BETTISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 2, 1920.

Pinder, of Salisbury, staged a non-com-
petitive display of honey of various colours
and blends wbich was much admired. A
well finished shallow frame super was
shown by Canon Farrer, of the South
Canonry, the Close, while an observation
hive of working bees also attract-ed atten-
tion.

On the lawn, in the afternoon, Mr.

E. H. Young, of Hyde, late secretary to
the British Bee-keepers' Association, who,
in the course of 51 years of activity in the
bee-keeping world has gained considerabje
knowledge of his subject, gave an address
on the subject of " Honey Production."
His address aroused a good deal of inte-
rest.

The Misses Hussey, with the assistance
of Lady Katharine Bouverie, entertained
the company at tea, after which the Hon.
Louis Greville, the president of the Asso-
ciation, distributed the prizes to the suc-
cessful competitors. The -following were
the prize-winners : —

Class 1 (three bottles of light honey). —
1, Mrs. N. Allen, Over Wallop; 2, Mrs.
Penny, Broadchalke; 3, Mr. F. Grinter,
Great Durnford.

Class 2 (three bottles medium or dark
honey). — 1, Mr. F. Grinter; 2, Mr. F. J.
Bates, Morgans Vale; 3, Mr. J. E. Pinder,
Salisbury. ^

Class 3 (three sections of comb honey). —
1, Mr. J. E. Pinder; 2, Mrs. N. Allen; 3,
Mr. F. Grinter.

Cla.ss 4 (one shallow frame). — 1, Canon
Farrer, South Canonry, the Close; 2, Mr.

F. Grinter.

Class 5 (best exhibition of wax). — 1, Mr.

E. B. Hardiman, jun., Bowerchalke; 2,
Mr. J. E. Pinder.

Class 6 (gift class, one section). — 1, Mr.

F. Grinter; 2, Mr. J. E. Pinder.

Class 7 (gift class, one bottle of extracted
honey). — 1, Mrs. N. Allen; 2, ' Mr. F.
Grinter; 3, Mr. F. Miles, Shrewton.

Class 8 (cake, approximately 1 lb., or
half-dozen small cakes, sweetened with
honey).— 1, Miss F. M. Pinder; 2. Mrs. E.
Miles, Shrewton; 3, Mrs. F. Miles,
Shrewton.

Following the distribution of prizes, the
bee-keepers inspected the apiary in the
grounds, where the hives were opened and
the bees examined, and an Italian queen
bee, received that morning from the Min-
istry of Agriculture, was introduced to
one of the stocks.

Votes of thanks to the Misses Hussey,
the Hon. Louis Greville and Mr. E. Young,
proposed by Mr. J. E. Pinder and
seconded by Mr. E. C. R. White, brought
to a close one of the most successful days
tho Afisooiation has experienced.— J. E. P.

Derby Bee-Keepers' Associa-
tion.

Honey Show at Dbeby.

Derby Show, which was held on August
18 and 19, may be^ regarded as a fairly
successful resumption of the event after
the long period of suspension. The entry,
by no means a heavy one, was considered,
satisfactory. Fortunately the services of
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall were secured,
he officiated as judge, lecl^urer, and
examiner of candidates.

The leading features were two displays
of honey staged by Mr. J. Pearman and
Mr. S. T. Durose respectively, the artistic
arrangement of the first-named exhibit
being superb, and Mr. Pearman was
awarded a silver cup, given by W. E,
Ann, Esq. ; the same exhibitor also secured
the Association's cup for the highest
number of points. •

The novices cup, given by Dr. St. John,
being captured by Mr. T. Arnold by a
bare point against his opponent, Mr.
A. A. Chapman.

Appended is the result: — ' _

Open classes : —

One lb. jar of honey. — J. 'Pearman, J ;
Major J. H. Hadfield, 2; S. T. Durose,
3, J. Thomson, 4.

One section. — J. Pearman, 1; S. T.
Durose, 2.

Members' Classes : —

Display of honey. — J. Pearman, 1 ;
S. T. Durose, 2.

Twelve jars light honey. — S. T. Durose,
1; J. Pearman, 2; Miss Simmons, 3.

Twelve jars dark or medium. — J. Pear-
man, 1 ; S. T. Durose, 2; A. A. Chapman, 3

Six jars granulated. — J. Pearman, 1;
T. Arnold, 2; S. T. Durose, 3.

Twelve sections. — J. Pearman, 1 ; S. T.
Dnrose, 2.

One shallow frame. — A. A. Chapman, 1;
A. Pakin, 2; T. Arnold, 3

One sample of wax. — J. Pearman, 1 ;
J. Kirkland, 2; Rev. Ellison, 3.

Novices' class : —

Six jars of honey. — T. Arnold, 1 ; Miss
Riley, 2; A. A. Chapman, 3.

At the close of the show Mr. F. S. Lin-
nell kindly undertook to sell by auction a
portion of the prize honey, the proceeds
being devoted to the funds of the Derby-
.shire Royal Infirmary. His novel style of
dealing with sales for charitable objects
created much amusement. The premier
jar, staged by Mr. Pearman, realised
£2 i9s. 6d., while the mere handful of
jars and sections reached the substantial
sum of £10.

Mr. Linnell, who was subsequently
thanked, replied : "It always gives me the
greatest pleasure to assist any time for
good charitable objects, and you can

Sept. 2, 1920. THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

427

always rely on me helping yoii whenever
occasion arises." — Mr. Editor, I am'
afraid I have trespassed too deeply on
your space in endeavouring to show others
how easy £10 can be acquired.

It is with regret that we have to an-
nounce the death of Mr. J. Hinton. While
on his holidays he contracted a chill fol-
lowed by pmeumonia. An active member
of the Council, and an enthusiastic bee-
keeper, Mr. Ilinton was respected by all,
and our warm^^st sympathv is extended to
his bereaved family.— F. Meakin.

Guildford andlDistrictl '
Bee-Keepers' Association.

A meeting of the members took place
(by kind invitation of Miss D. Y.
Knowles) at Heatherlands Bee Farm,
on Thursday, August 14. About 30 mem-
bers were present, and were conducted
round the apiary and workshop by Miss
Knowles, who afterwards kindly provided
tea. After tea. Miss Knowles read a
paper on " Artificial Swarming," which
was followe'd by a discussion. A very
enjoyable and profitable afternoon- was
spent, and those present were most grate-
ful for the invitation so kindly given.

Staffordshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

LICHFIELD AND DISTRICT BRANCH.

The members of above Association suc-
cessfully revived the " Honey and Bees "
section this year at Lichfield's Floral and
Horticultural Societies' Centenary Exhi-
bition, on 2nd and 3rd instant, after a
lapse of many years.

The Exhibition was held in " Beacon
Park," Lichfield, being well supported by
the local bee-keepers, and proved a great
attraction to the thousands who visited
the Show.

The awards were as follows : —

OPEN TO ALL.

Class 1. — Four 1-lb, Sections of Honey :
1, G. H. Mytton (no other entries).

Class 2. — Four 1-lb. Jars of Light
Honey: 1, E. Jacques; 2, M. Craddock ;
3, G. H. Mytton.

Class 3. — Four 1-lb. Jars of Granulated
Honey : 1, E, Jacques ; 2, M. Craddock ;
3, G. Dale.

Class 4. — Four 1-lb. Jars other than
Light Honey: 1, E. Jacques; 2, G. H.
Mytton; 3, T. W. Stewart.

Class 5. — Shallow Frame of Honey :
Equal 3, E. Jacques and G. H. Mytton.

Class 6. — Beeswax, Not Less than ^ lb. :
1, E. Jacques; 2, M. Craddock; 3, G. H.
Mytton.

The judge, Mr, J, Price, County Ex-

pert, expressed his satisfaction at the
quality of the exhibits, and during the
afternoon gave two interesting lectures
on bees, holding his audience spellbound
while he explained the development of
the bee from the egg onwards, in which
he was greatly assisted by the presence
of two observatory hives, each stocked
with bees. These were honorary ex-
hibits, together with two trophies of
honey,- and proved to be a great attrac-
tion, exhibited by E. Jacques and G. H.
Mytton. Those jirovided by the former
were headed by an Italian queen, im,
ported under the Government Re-Stock-
ing Scheme.

At 3 o'clock and 5 o'clock open-air
demonstrations were given with bees by
the County Expert to crowded audiences,
enabling him. to drive home theories ad-
vanced while lecturing in the " Honey
and Bees " tent.

An interesting educational exhibit was
staged by Mr. J. Price on behalf of the .
Staffs. Educational Committee, by whom
he is employed. It occupied two 8-ft.
tables, and contained many interesting
specimens of ancient and modern bee
appliances.

The Silver Medal was awarded to E.
Jacques, and the Bronze Medal to G. H.
Mytton-, being provided by the Staff*
B.K.A. — E. Jacques, Hon. Sec.

The Grocers' Exhibition.

May we draw our readers' attention to
the Grocers' Exhibition. The entry fees
are low and the prizes eood. Particulars
will be found in " Bee Shows to Come."

New'^Year Honey Cake.

One-third cup shortening, half cup
sugar, one cup honey, one eg:g, two cups
flour, two tablespoonfuls baking powder,
one-third teaspoonful salt, half cup raisins.
Beat together sugar and shortening; then
add the well-beaten yolk of egg, then
honey, flour, and raisins. Sift salt and
baking powder in flour, and add last the
whit'Gof egg and flavouring. — The Western
Honey Bee.

Honey Recipe.

The following may be useful before the
winter is over: —

Unney as a cure for Influenza.

At the commencement of the attack »
cup of yarrow tea with a table-spoonful
of honey in it should be taken morning
and evening, and if comm^eiuced in tim<*
a speedy cure follows. A cold in the head
is generally cured after taking one dose,
and delicate or ailing children, as well
an grown-up p-eople, are greatly bene-
fited by making this their usual drink.

428

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 2, 1920.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to wrife on one
side of the paper only and give their teal name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Notes and Comments.

[10274] You surely must see very
clearly that simply blind backing up of
the B.B.K.A, on your part is not very
convincing. It is very easy to denounce
everyone who does not agrfee with you in
thinking it of use. If you would, instead
of blaming my lack of vision or " perspi-
cacity," or whatever you like to call it,
give us some concrete facts as to work of
really practical and progressive impor-
tance that the B.B.K.A. has done, it
would be of greater help. I have read
reports of the Council meetings for years,
and all I can say is that if anything
worth while is ever done it is not
reported.

However, if you and the B.B.K.A. like
that kind of thing — why, I can just flatter
them like the rest.

I wish to apologise for having written
in such a way as to make it possible for
you to get the idea that I intended to
imply that you supported the insurance
scheme because you were financially inte-
rested. Such an idea never crossed my
mind.

The Secretary of the B.B.K.A., in a
letter to me some months ago, said, that
the history of the Association \?ould be
shortly published in The British Bee
Journal.

If this is so, perhaps we shall- have a
chance to hear of the good works of this
body.

[We make no comment on the 'above.
Judging from some of the letters we have
received since last Thursday our readers
. will make their ow'n. — Eds.]

(10266). I remember about 12 years
ago that the befts worked on vetches or
tares, but not on the flower. It was a
bad season, 1907, I fancy. A small speck
of jet-black saccharine matter exuded
at the base of the leaf, and the bees
spoiled a quantity of honey for mo. It
was as black as tar! Do you know it?

[We have never had hon^y from tares
in any quantity, but it is a dark honey.
We have had honey (?) as black as tar,
but put it down to honeydew. — Eds.]

(10273), It seems that one must face
the fact. I have never seen a sheet of

metal foundation worked on properly
either, and doubt if anyone ever will.
* At Benson (Messrs. Adminsons, Ltd.)
I have seen bees working on the
MacDonald metal comb satisfactorily,
except that the brood seems rather scat-
tered. I should be sorry to have any
shares in the Al. Honeycomb Co. I know
that all the same.

(10271). Is it generally known that a
little neat Izal rubbed over the hands
and wrists almost entirely stops the bees
from stinging? — R. B. ^Manley.

Notes on the Laurel

[10275] Re 10266. TKe chopped leaves
of the common laurel (Prunus Lauro-
cerasus), which has no affinity with the
true laurel, the latter being our bay-tree
(Laurus nohilis), are in common use by
entomologists in their killing bottles. The
lethal agent is hydrocyanic, commonly
called prussic acid. The weak acid,
besides killing the insect, inhibits the
action of saprophytic bacteria, and pre-
serves it until its captor can attend to the
setting. Insects killed in the cyanide
bottle become very brittle and difficult of
subsequent relaxation ; those preserved in
chopped laurel leaves keep relaxed.

The saccharine exudation from the
leaves is not poisonous. Indeed, the ex-
pressed juice of the leaves can itself be
used in reason as a flavouring agent,
otherwise the writer would have been dead .
many times over.

Other species of Prunus are the cherry,
the apricot, the sloe, and all varieties of
plums. The almond, the peach, and the
nectarine belong to the genus Amygdalus,
differing from Prunus only in the wrinkled
surface of the stone. — C. Hanslope
Bocock:, F.E.S.

Crawling Disease in Bees.

[10276] In response to the Rev. Hem-
mings' request for a remedy for crawling
disease, I am advertising in Tse Britis!h
Bee Jottrnal a remedy I have tried for
a considerable period amongst bee-keepers
\^ith success. For some years I have
noticed " crawling " under certain con-
ditions when the symptoms of " I.O.W. "
disease were not present. I have known
such cases certified by experts as
" I.O.W." disease when I was certain it
was not SQ. One case in particular where
the bees had been travelling, and were
confined for two days, produced
" crawlers," and also the same season
produced bees and honey to the extent of
four stocks increase and nearly sixty
pounds of honey. The following season
the stocks were still doing well. — A. W.
Salmon.

Sept. 2, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

429

Foreign Honey for Feeding.

[10277] Our attention has been called
by one of our customers — whO' is a largo
bee-keeper — to the article in your issue of
the 19th inst on " Using Foreign Honey
for Feeding." We have been in the habit
for some time of selling West Indian
honey to this gentleman as well as to
many other people for feeding their bees.
Those who have tried it speak very highly
of its value when used for this purpose.
— The London Teading Agency.

Notes on Notes and Comments.

[10278] Re 10263. Many undoubtedly
agree with you, Mr. Editor, and like my-
self are greatly surprised at Mr. R. B.
Manley's great want of perspicacity.
While' agreeing with him on some points,
such as "experts," and everybody patting
one another on the back, he doubtless
forgets, or does he know the hard, up-
hill struggles of the B.B.K.A. ? and while
preferable to have a more live and instruc-
tive Association, one must not forget it
is not run as a Philanthropic Association.
Where would bee-keeping be to-day in
this country if it were not for the
B.B.K.A.? Maybe Mr. Manley, along
with other detractors, prefers a so-called
live club with a huge debit balance, which
like others would fizzle out after a year
or so.

Be 9907. Mr. Manley would, I venture
to suggest, help the craft if he gave ad-
vice without sarcasm, and while his re-
mark re feeding M'ith honey is good, does
he seriously suggest that to lose a stock
by robbing is almost as bad as " Isle of
Wight " disease, and as to stimulating
queens to lay, does he not yet realise that
a large, young population saves food being
consumed in the winter?

Be 10,268. Large brood frames, Lang-
stroth, Jumbo, Quinby, etc., have been
tried repeatedly in this country but over
a run of years they have generally proved
a failure for 'surplus honey (see also
Gretna Notes, page 412). The Langstroth
hives had a large sale this season, they
were often the only ones available locally,
and there is always a certain amount of
healthy experiment going on amongst bee-
keepers. Mr. Manley is undoubtedly do-
ing bee-keeping a dis-service, as his fol-
lowers will be bound to admit in the
course of time, while those who are ex-
perimenting with large frames should re-
member the British Standard Brood
Frame was brought about by real, live
veterans of the craft after long and care-
ful study, and it is undoubtedly the ideal
frame for surplus honey for the majority
of bee-keepers in this country. — W. F.
Judge.

High Price for Honey.

[10279] I am sure you will be interested
to know the result of the sale of the honey
in the " Hospital Class " at the Derby
Show. Nine jars and two sections made
£10. My first prize jar made £3 19s. 6d.
My section 10s. I do ,not know, but I
should say the price for the jar is a re-
cord.— J. Pearman.

Aluminium Foundation.

[10260] My experience with above has
been exactly similar to that of Mr.
Edward Turner (10,273), in B.B.J, of
26th inst. I got a dozen sheets of the
foundation and tried it with established
stocks (in brood chamber), with swarms
(mixed with sheets of wax foundation)
and in nucleus hives (with sheets of wax
foundation). In every case the bees
absolutely refused to work the metal foun-
dation at all, and in several cases built
comb parallel to the aluminium founda-
tion and united to it by brace combs.

The season has been • a very bad one
here (Co. Waterford), and I shall try the
aluminium again next season, which I
hope will be better. My bees swarmed
most unnecessarily, though I gave them
lots of room ; they were confined to hives
by-bad weather, and so I suppose turned
their energies to rearing queens. — Edwin
B. Jacob.

[10281] As I understand that Mr.
Edward Turner's letter [10,273]. has given
some bee-keepers the impression that
"Aluminium Foundation " is available on
the market, I regret to say it is not.

In the first place it is not intended to
be manufactured of pure aluminium or of
aluminium only, hence the name," Metal
Foundation " is more appropriate.

A consideration of the most economical
type to be produced at the beginning led
to selecting an embossed form, for which
a special mill was designed, and the order
for its manufacture placed in the hands
of a good firm, who promised delivery
within a certain time. On the strength
of this assurance, advertising was done.
Unfortunately, the makers of the mill did
not strictly adhere to the specifications
supplied to them, when great accuracy in
this branch of engineering is vital. The
result was, after long delay and to the
disappointment of everybody, an imper-
fect machine, producing nothing ap-
proaching worker cell foundation ; in fact
the models, produced were much cruder
than the original crude specimens. Im-
mediately this was realised, advertising
was stopped, and only an insignificant
number of specimens were supplied to

430

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 2, 1920.

those who were anxious to experiment. A
circular issued at the heginning of June
by Messrs. James Lee & Son, Ltd., clearly
revealed a growing interest in the metal
foundation, both at home and abroad.
This was even stimulated by the difl&cul-
ties of production.

Every effort to rectify the mill having
failed, preparations are being now made
for the evolution of a different type,
originally hampered by lack of capital,
and it is possible that, after satisfactory
testing, the foundation will be on the
market next season. — -A. Z. Abushady.

Swarms Affected with "Isle of
Wight" Disease.

[10262] AVith reference to. letter 10265
swarms affected with " Isle of Wight "
disease while parent stock remains
healthy, may not the persistent rainy and
cold weather, taken in conjunction with
the fact that swarms, even if being fed,
have no accumulated store of pollen, give
a clue to this peculiar condition.

Honey or syrup supply bees with heat-
producing elements, but pollen is essen-
tial to repair waste tiisue, and thus to
maintain a vigorous vitality.

I would advocate the trial with any
swarms so affected, and which are short of
pollen owing to bad weather, well dusting
tho bees with pea-flour or other pollen
substitute, and the filling of some cells
in portion of comb with the same.

Pollen starvation may be the diagnosis
of the " crawling disease " with which
established stocks — as well as swarms — are
affected. — J. Ballantyne.

Notices to Correspondents.

We are sorry we are obliged to hold
these over till .aext week, as the printers
were u'nable to' set the type owing to a
mishap to the machine.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2» 6d. i» made for noticet
inot exceeding 7 lines) in this column, 10 lines
charged Is. 6d., up to 15 lines 58., which covert
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

September 8, 9 and 10.— Portsmouth B.K..\.
Honey Show, in conjunction with the Portsmouth
Allotment Holders' Show, at Connaught Drill Hall.
Portf5moulh. Six Open Classes. Judge, W. Herrod-
Hempsall, F.E.S.— Schedules from Show Secretary,
Mr. J. Sinnett, 154, Essex Road, Southsea.

Saturday, September 11. — Fforest-Fach
Horticultural Society, Swansea. Three Open
Classes for Honey, extracted and sections. Help
to foster be^ cult this end. 1st prizes, 10s.; 2nd
and 3rd in proportion.— Schedules ready from
G. L. Williams, Fforefit-Fach, Swansea.

September 15, at Twickenham.— Twicken-
ham Horticultural Society's Great Vegetable Exhi-
bition. Honey exiiibit© under the control of
Twiclieniham and Thames Valley B.K.A. Two
open Classes for Comb and Extracted Honey.—
Schedules from Miss M. Byatt, " Hawthorn," Han-
worth, Middlesex. Entries close September 8.

September 18 to 24.— Grocers' Exhibition,
Agricultural Hall, London. Honey and Bee
Appliance Competitions, open to the United King-
dom. Good prizes. Entrance fee in each class Iff.
—Schedule of Competitions sent on application,
referring to this journal, to H. S. Rogers, 31, Queen
Victoria Street, E.C.2. Entries close S«p-
tember 11.

September 22.— Altrincham Show. Several
Open Classes for Honey and Appliances.— Sche-
dules fronr- H. Turner, 1, Market Street. Altrin-
cham.

October 5 to 8.— Essex Fruit and Honey Show
at Institute of Agriculture, Chelmsford. Open from
12 to 8 p.m. Admission free. Lectures and demon-
strations each day.— Schedules from G. R. Alder,
7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.

October 19 to 22.— Dairy Show, Agricultural
Hall, London. Open Classes for Honey, etc.— Par-
ticulars, Secretary, Dairy Farmers' Association, 28,
Russell Square, London, W.C.I.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Classes in Honey
Section.— Schedule® from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. Entries close Novem-
ber 6.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word...

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queent,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word a$ "Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 5s. per iitt^, or 68. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are mlv In-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Que«ns
that am reared or Imported tor sal«, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Orders for three of more eoruecutive insertiont
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of

charge.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNINO for
insertion in the " Journal " the same weefc.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

FOR SALE, about 35 Stocks and Swarms of
Hybrid Liguriau Bees on 8 to 10 frames and
Nuclei; mostly this year's Queens; excellent
workers.— REV. A. H. iHALLEY, Crathie, Welling-
ton College, Berks. r.h.79

EIGHT STOCKS on 10 frames, headed by 1920
Italian Hybrid Queens from same mother as
my 3-frame nuclei, but not purely mated; good,
hardy, disease-resisting stock reared on the East
Coast; £4 7s. 6d., carriage paid.— E. H. TUNMER,
" Chalfonts," Leiston, Suffolk. r.h.81

CARNIOLANS.— Surplus 4-fram6 Nucleus for
immediate delivery, 50s., carriage paid; 1920
Queen.— ROBERTS, 50, Otter Street, Derby, lh.85

SURPLUS STOCKS and Appliances for disposal,
property of gentleman giving up bee-keeping.
Particulars, stamp.— HOLMAN, Dunton Green,
Sevenoakfi. h.U3

Sept. 2, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

431

FOR SALE, D€W light Lincolnshire Honey, fine
quality, £8 8s. cwt— SCHOFIELD, Spilsby
Road, NeAV Leake, Boston. h.l02

FOR SALE, Apiary about 12 first-claes healthy
Stocks, famous Doolittle strain; buyer must
remove; inspection any time.-KJOLDEN, Leire,
Lutterworth, Leics. h-1^

OVERSTOCKED— I have still for Sale several
Stocks of Italians and Hybrids, all strong,
with plenty of stores and at reasonable prices, free
on rail in W.B.C. hives or travelling boxes as
required.-OURTIS HART, F.R.H.S., Newgate
Street, Hertford^ h.l07

FOR SALE, U Stocks very strong and healthy
Hybrid Beee (Italian-English) with W.B.€.
Hives and absolutely all appliances required,
iiicluding Honey Extractor, Ripener, and 13
Shallow Racks with drawn comba, the whole in
perfect order; leaving neighbourhood; price for
lot £68.-1. G. PELLY, Epping, Essex. h.l09

SURPLUS STOCKS.— Strong, healthy Bees,
immediate sale.— JEWITT, Heneall, Whitley
Bridge, Yorks. r.h.l35

FOR SALE (property sold), five Stocks of Native
Bees with Hives, all in good condition, £4
each; a bargain.— POLDEN, The Beeches, Dinton,
Salisbury. h.l37

WANTED. " Little Wonder " Extractor.— Box
No. 102, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street.
Strand, W.C.2. h.l38

COMPLETE APIARY FOR SALE, including 10
Stocks Italian Hybrids, 10 W.B.C. pattern,
five Travelling and two 5-frame Nucleus Hives,
Extractor, Ripener, Shallow Combs, 1 c-wt. Sugar,
and numerous Accessories and Sundries for modern
apiary; never had disease; £65, or near offer; could
be divided. Seen by appointment.— HOWLETT,
138, Seaforth Avenue, New Maiden. h.l39

THREE strong Stocks of Bees on 10 frames,
headed by specially bred 1920 Queens, £3 each;
travelling crate (returnable) and carriage extra.—
NEEDHAM, Hemel Hempstead. h.l41

FIVE HIVES strong, healthy Bees for Sale,
each hive containing at least 30 lbs. of honey;
owner leaving South; £6 hive, or offer.— Broom-
lands, Limpsfield, Surrey. r.h.l42

HEALTHY BEES, 8-frame Stock, 1920 Queen,
55s.— HULBERT, Chalet, Warwick Road,
Olton, Warwickshire. h.l44

FOR SALE, Italian Hybrids, two 6-frame and
two 9-frame Stocks, 6s. per frame; purchaser
to pay carriage.— MRS. J. E. WALKER, Win-
thorpe, Newark, Notts. ih.l45

LARGE EGG STRAIN.— White Wyandotte pedi-
gree Cockerels from 15s. 6d.— MISSES
COATES, Broadheath, Preeteign. r.h.l46

GOOD quality White Clover Honey for Sale,
£8 10s cwt, free tins, on rail; samples 6d. —
BARLOW, Stanley Terrace, Newcastle, Staffs.
^ h.l47

SALE, or exchange for gent's clothing or any-
thing useful, eight Bee Hives in new con-
dition, large quantity of Sections, Frames, Glass,
Boxes, Jars, and all Appliances.- W. BERRf,
Carr Fields Farm, Chorley. h.l48

ITALIANS.— Two Stocks on 10 frames with 1920
Queens (one Hybrids), £3 each; box lOs.; 1920
Italian Queen, 8s.— PEARS, Scotby, Carlisle. h.l49

FOUR HIVES BEES, very strong and healthy,
all frames standard. Feeders, Excluders,
Smoker, Veils, etc., £22 the lot, or £6 per hive
Inspection invited. Carriage forward.— BVKER,
20, Quentin Avenue, iMerton Park. h.l50

TOOK ITALIAN BEES, hive and combs, £6 6e.
—MILLER, Broadway, Haywards Heath. h.lSS

S

HIVES, ETC.— W.B.C, 30s.; Cottage, 203.; Racks,
complete, 86., etc.; no disease; bargain prices;
carriage forward.— MATRON, Croydon Borough
Sanatorium, North Cheam, Sutton, Surrey. h.l57

BUSINXSS ADVURTISCMEITTS.

Isd. per word.

FLAVINE CANDY.— 6lb. packages, 10s.; postage
Is. 3d. Made in Cambridge under our super-
vision from the best white sugar.- S. H. SiMll''H,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.h.87

CRAWLING DISEASE.— Reliable treatment for
curing and prevention; recipe 2s. 6d.— A. W.
SALMON, Cashfield, Chingford. h.l20

^ -FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
TC Queen, 503.; box charged lOs., returnable;
6-frame Stocks, 70e.; 8-frame Stocks, 90s. Imme-
diate delivery (weather permitting). Italian
fertile Queens, 10s. 6d. English Run, Honey and
Sections wanted.— LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary,"
Burgess Hill, Sussex. i.g.UA

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt delivery;
select Italian, exira golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing stock, August-September.— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. t^M

WIGHT " DISEASE, prevention and removal;
advice 6s.— ALP. RYALL, Cottage Farm,
near Camp, Stroud. r.h.l24

1 QOA FERTILE Golden Italian Queen«,
Lu^yj guaranteed imported direct from Italy,
regular supplies every few days, 10s. each;
specially selected, 148.— GOODARE, New Croea.
Wednesfield. i-^9

SELECT TESTED QUEENS. — Three-banded
leather-coloured Italians, gentle, hardy and
prolific and disease resisting, one year old or less,
right in their prime, 10s. 6d.; also untested 1930
Queens, same price; safe arrival guaranteed.—
THE APIARY, Buckfast Abbey, 8. Devon. r.h.l25

ISLE OF WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;
use the solution that cures; 2s. per bottle.—
E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Coulsdon. _ r.d.l49

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.-Cffices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

HONEY FOR FEEDING BEES.— Finest West
Indian, tin of about 60 lbs., 68e. 6d., carriage
paid 100 miles.— LONDON TRADING AGENCY,
32, St. Mary Axe, E.C.3. r.h.l34

SEVEN DAYS SALE OF QUEENS.— For quick
sale the following prices are accepted for
Bowen's famous Queens;— Extra selected Hybrids,
lOe. 6d.; dark Hybrids and Natives, 7s. 6d.; mailed
in rotation.— LIEUT. BOWEN, Commercial Queen
Breeder, Cheltenham. h.l51

FEW surplus 1920 Native and Hybrid Queens,
8s. 6d. each; bargain.— PEARSON & GALE,
Marlboro'. ^-1^

LANTERN SLIDES for Lectures on Bee-keeping.
— <!omplete sets, practical and scientific.
Prints on approval.-REV. G. H. HEWISON (1st
Class Expert, B.B.K.A.), Marr Vicarage, Don-
caster. h.l36

MASHEATH MEMS.—" Your Masheath Hive is
a very good design, and the flat roof I
heartily endorse, having used it for the past forty
years and more."— A. D. C— ATKINSON, Faken-
ham. h.l43

STRONG 3-frame Nuclei, 256., 78. 6d. per frame,
bees and brood, extra stocks; state require-
ments; healthy Driven Bees, lOe. 6d.-12s. 6d. per lot
with Queen; all cases 66., returnable.- W. WOODS,
Firs Apiary, Normandy, near Guildford. b.l&2

432

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 2, 1920.

HEALTHY DRIVEN BEES, very strong, lis.
per lot, also two strong Stocks, £3 10s. each,
or near offer.—." N.," c/o 69, Blythswood Eoad,
Acocks Green. Birmingham. li.l55

ERTILE 1920 QUEENS, Hybrid Italians,

6s. 6ci.; Italians, 8s. 6d.; Penna strain. —

WHITE, Penny Hill, Holbeach, Lines. Ii.l54

ITALIAN HYBRID QUEENS, lOs.; Virgins, 5s.
Sundry Appliances to clear. Stamp for list.—
JACK TICKELL, Westbourne Apiary, Cbeltenham.
h.l56

WANTED, Carpenter experienced in making bee
ihives and appliances.— Box 103, B.B.J. Office,
23, Bedford Street. Strand, W.C.2. h.l58

JOT DOWIT tbe deficiencies of your present
equiijment and your needs for future improved
working. Then book for *' MASHEATK "
(Regd.) Equipment for autumn construction.

The MASHEATH ZiZST contains an unique
series of Hives unequalled to-day. You should
not enter upon another bee season without them.

"The Hives (Porchless Masheaths) are excellent
in every way. and I am very pleased indeed with
them. ' FOItCHIiIISS ! ' Yes, every time. Need
I say more P I will get you to send me two more."
— W. F., June 17, 1920.

The MASHEATH HIVES TAI.X as soon as
they are delivered.

ATKINSON, Pg^^fker"^ Fakenham

Preserve your Bees di^ring
the Winter by feeding with

PINK BACTEROL
BEE CANDY

Manufactured by

HAWKES BROS., LTD.,
— Chelmsford, Essex —

Prices on application.

Altrincham Agricultural Society.

ANNUAL SHOW,

Wednesday, September 22.

£2,500 IN FRIZES.

Silver Cups and Medals for Horses, Cattle, Pigs,

Turnouts, Hunters, Jupipers, Boots, Orain, Butter,

Cheese, Implements, Dogs, Poultry, Pigeons,

Rabbite, and Cavies.

Open Classes for Honey.

Increased Prize Money in All Sections.

Prize List may be had from the Secretary,

HERBERT TURNER,

1, Market Street, Altrincham,
Tel. 174.
Entries close September 4. Double fees, September 8.
Dog entries close September 10.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars fron^

W. HEBROD-HIiaXPSAIX, 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, Iiondon, W.C.2.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address;

Signor Gaetano Plana,
Castel San Pietro,
near fiologna. Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W, Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOR 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September.

9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. GuaraQ-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B.B, j."
Office. -

For the .mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.B J," and
" B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
fournal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W,C,3.

Cheques payable to ' Britisb Bee Journal."

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR,- EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper,

Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" ^azaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

POSITIVE FACTS.

June i^th, 1920.

I am ver pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefsr it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back ot the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in 16 X 10 frames.

Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY.

Illustrated Lists fne by post.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Aoiary, BROMLEY, Kent.

Sept. 2, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

ni

BARGAINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING.

Blue Serge Trousers for Working Men 12/6
Blue Serge Trousers, as new .. .. 14/-
New Blue Serge Trousers, best quality . . 21/-
New Holeproof Trousers, highly recom-
mended 18/-

New Bedford Ck)rd Breeches, OfScers'

quality 42/-

New Cord Biding Breeches, strapped .. 22/6

Khaki Drill Trousers, Officers' quality . . 10/6
Khaki Drill Jackets with pockets,

Officers' quality 10/6

Khaki Drill Trousers, ordinary .. .. 7/6
Khaki Drill Jackets, ordinary .. .. 7/6
New Blue Drill Overalls, complete with

pockets .. 12/6

New Oilskin Overcoats, extra quality .. 26/6

Army Waterproof Ground Sheets, 72 x 36, braes

eyelets, slightly soiled, 9/- for 2, 4 for 17/-.

Now is the time to buy Blankeits;

WKITi: TO-DAY POR I.IST OF

Black Rubber Combination Cyclists' Suits, com-

plete with Sou'wester, 20/- ; cost Government

63/-.
New Heavy Workmen's Boots, 18/9 pair.
New Brown Boots, all sizes, 22/6; worth

double.
New Full-size Australian Wool Blankets, 21/-

each.
New Full-eize Australian Grey Blankets, 18/6

each.
New Pull-size White Fleecy Blankets, 16/9

pair.
Selected Army Wool Blankets, all colours and

sizes, 12/- each.
Heavy Woollen Check Fringed Rugs, new,

22/6 each.
Heavy Woollen Check Motor Rugs, 30/- each,
they will be very scarce and dear later.
KUmEROUS OTHZR BABGAZITS.

SACAR'S UNIVERSAL STORES (Dept. 29),. ARDWICK, MANCHESTER.

STANDARDIZED

BY USING

KENT DEWEY STANDARD FRAMES
AND KENT STANDARD HIVES

WHICH NEVER VARY.
SUPPLIED FROM STOCK. LIST FREE.

LONDON OFFICE:— 39, WANDLE ROAD, S.W. 17.

a

RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of.

*' Isle of Wight' Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MENLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

Menley House, Hatton Garden, E.Cl.

BwD

EST CLEARING and
WINTERING BOARD,
SUPER CLEARER, &c.

A Necessity for all Bee-Keepers
all the year round.

MEADOWS, SYSTON, LEICESTER.

^-| / Of the Author, S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX.

»/- SIMMINS "A MODERN BEE FARM"

POST FREE Nearly 500 pages. A few more copies at 8/-. Any further edition must cost liO% more

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER-

livery much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manufacture of bte
appliances, and thersfortjny prices will be advanud 10% from May 10th. Books ^txupted.

ly

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Sept. 2, 1920.

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at

Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods.

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives,

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate

despatch.

CANDY. Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Send sugar vouchers

with order.

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION.

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used.

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an

Apiary," post free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appli ance Makers,
WORMIT, FIFE.

Tiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^

Eee's Bee Supplies. |

J| In design, material and workman- J4

■" ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain W

the reputation of being your best and w

safest investment. O

0 0 0 w

C[ Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA- Q

LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the M

most up-to-date hives and appliances M

for which the House of Lee is famou?. JlJ

000 )lf

f| We regret the necessity of having

" to advise our Customers that owing

to the increased cost of production, all

prices in 1920 price list are subject to

10% increase. The increase will not

apply to orders received before May 10,

•^* Five per cent discount to Member* of
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

(Telegrams: Graphicly. Uzbridge. TeUphone : Uzbridge 181.) W

PuNrro By thi Avixni Priss (L. Upcott Oux A Bon, Ltd.), 66-ST, Dbusy Line, Lokdon, W.C, axs

PDIUSBIO rOK IHI PROPRIETOa (W. HUBOD-HSHPBiLL), BY filUPKIN, MlBaHiU. iHaMUTOI.

KuT k Co.. Ltd.. U A V, PitakiiotTn Sow. SX3.

Beitish BBS JoCftNAi AND BEK-fcBEPER8' Adviskr, September 9, 1926.

T.WCowB.ti.ELS.|
and' J.Herrod —
HempstxlI.FES.

Adviser.

tCV^ckUr Journal Devoted
the Interests oj

Bce-Keepers.

No. 1994. Vol. XLVIII

SEPTEMBER 9, 1920.

[PubiisTied every Thursday, Price 2d.

CO M^ rr £: If oc s.

PAGE

PoBTAQE ON Newspapers ..; 433

A Dorset Yarn 433

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 434

Notes on Bee-keeping 435

Bee-keeping in Soitth Monmouthshire 436

Surrey B.K.A 437

Glasgow and District B.K.A 438

Mid-Cheshire Farmers' Association 438

Cheshire B.K.A 439

Correspondence—

Bee-keeping Experiences 440

The Season in Northants 440

Foreign Honey lor Feeding Bees 440

The Use of Experts 440

Difficulties of Bee-keeping 441.

The Honey Season 441

Notices to Correspondents 441

Weather Report 442

Bee Shows to Come ^^

FOOD FOR BEES.

Owing to the continued bad weather there is a
likelihood shortage this Winter. To prevent loss
of Stocks order at once TAYLOR'S renowned

SYRUP

In tins, 7 lb., 14 lb. and 28 lb. at 1/3 per lb.,
Carriage extra.

We are in a position to supply, without vouchers,

the best

CANDY

made from pure Sugar, plain or medicated, 1/6 lb.
Carriage extra.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

Telephone-WELWYN 13.

II

THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Sept. 9, 1920.

THE

British Bee JournaE

Office : 2.', Bedford Stxeet, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.,

A Weekly Journal Devoted to th«
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. C0WA3H, F.Ii.S., fee,
and J. Hi:BBOD-BZ:iiIPSAI.Ii, F.E.B.

Ooppespondenee : Whom to Addpess.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, AsBociations, Shows, etc., sho^d be
addreased, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communicationa and matters
relating to aubscriptiona and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SubMFlptions. - Annual Subscription,
lUs. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2J.,or 2id. post free. If a receipt ia required
ly post, a stamped and addressed envelope
:<tri8t be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it ia very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go aatray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cneques and PoEtal Orders. Stamps
may be eent for small amounts up to 2a.
fiulfpennp stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Iriah cheque* can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for conuniasion
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wiahing for prices or
catalogue* to adyerti*era is the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yon are advised to insist on this being ased when
dealing with strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the pTirchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
ot the deposit to both partiea, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchaee is con-
cluded. If a sale bo effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, lesa a clrsrge of Vt
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Oaeh will be forwarded by Cheque.
Poet Office Order, or by Poetal Order ae pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellera
ere secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Poetal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques muat be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers ef
ik» Postal Orders should be kept by the aender.

We oanaot b« retpoa^bU for any Iom (ha* may

•ecor in traii«li.

3. Honey on Approyal.— AM honey will b« aoM
by sample, which niuat be eemt direct (o buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
ufi when sending cash. If maker accept«, we hold
cash until transaction ia satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions aa in CHanse 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will b« dealt wiik
entirely by the parties concerned, so far «e price,
&c., go, and when tiie purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted ae per Clauae 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— Theae are at tiie seller's
TiBk, i.»., any damage to or loss of an article oa
its journey is borne by the vendor: but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it,

7. Carrlase.— The carriage of all goods, cseept
tuck at ere tent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article eent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Postage

A Modern Bee Farm 7/6 ... Sfd.

(To be obtained from tiiis Office only.)

Advanced Bee Culture
(Hutchinson) -. ... ... 6/- ... 6id.

Beginner's Bee Book (PsiXEn) 5/* ... 4d.

BEE-KEEPING SIMPIiIFIED
FOB THE COTTAGER AJTD
SMAIiI.HOI>DEB (W. HsBaon-
Hempball, F.E.S.) 1/- ... 2d.

BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers 2/6 ... 3d.

Cloth covers 3/6 ... 4d.

Dissectible Model of Queen
Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTII.ISATION OF FRUIT
BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hops) ... -/6 ... Id.

Honey Vinegar (Bgv. G. Bances) -/2 ... Id.

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Oomstock) 5/- ... 44d.

Management of Out Apiaries 3/- ... 2d.

Prevention of Swarming
(Wilkes) 1/- ... Id

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hoopbe, F.R.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.

PRODUCING, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Herrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing
(Doolittle) ... 4/- ... 3fd.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening ^.. ... -/6 ... Id,

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.

Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... IJd.

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.

Maeterlinck's Iiife of the Bee 5/- ... 3d.
The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TioKNEE Edwaedgb) ... ... 2/- ... 2id.

THE BEE WORI.D (supplied

only to members of Aesociations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... lid.

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(TiCENEE EOWAEDES) 7/6 ... 4id.

^itish Bee Journal & Record Office,

ae. BBDFOBP arBSBT. drSANI) LOMDOK. 'W.O.t.

S€pt. 9, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

483

Postage' on Newspapers.

It is gratifying to be able to inform
our readers that the new postage rate for
newspapers will not affect either the
" B.B.J." or the Recobd. Neither paper
is registered as a newspaper. The
Record, being a monthly publication,
cannot be registered, and the registration
of the Journal was dropped several years
ago, as we found that under the restric-
tion imposed it was a disadvantage. The
postage rate for printed papers 'has not
been altered, and under that rate we are
still able to post our papers for ^d.

We fully appreciate the kindness of
several subscribers who have sent stamps
for the extra postage they thought would
be due, but it would have been better to
wait until a notice appeared in the
papers, as the cost of posting to us and
the return of the stamps will be a total
of 4d. on each amount.

A Dorset Yarn.

A week of splendid weather. Bees have
done wonders in East Dorset, and it is
not alone at the Violet Farm. At "VVim-
borne market a farmer brought forty-
eight sections ; he said all were put on
the stocks on August 2. These were sold
under the hammer at 2s. 4d. each. One
dairy representative bought all that were
there. All this was from the fringe of
heather which runs from Ringswood to
Wareham. This particular lot came from
Eloxworth, with its seven miles of heath
and its lonely road, of which Thomas
Hardy, the novelist, has written so de-
lightfully. It shows that with co-opera-
tion bee-keepers on the rich farmlands of
Dorset coul-d get another harvest did they
bring their stocks to these miles of heath,
where nectar in many hundredweights is
wasted because there are no little har-
vesters to sip it from these thousands of
tiny bells massed so closely together on
every yard of moorland. It is only those
who are living near that have any idea
, of the millions of bees that work the com-
mon ling heather in August and Sep-
tember. They are out on it every hour
of favourable weather, yet there are miles
where no bee is to be seen, as there are no

houses or hollow trees within the radius
of bee journeys for food. A large lorry
with the stocks of bees planted in this
rich heather county would get many hun-
dredweights of the finest flavoured
honey.

We have had boxes of standard bars
all filled since the heather began. In
others six of the combs are already
capped over; even the sections have had
the outgr ones filled with the shining
liquid. All this is plainly seen with the
glass covering on the top of the racks.
Those that have had the sections taken
away are stilljbuilding comb on the tops
of bars up to the glass. On looking at
the bars below, the outer ones are filled
with honey in cells, and between the
capped brood where the brood has already
perfected its form of pubation, the honey
is being stored. There were many cells
that had the larvae still in the bottom,
but I could not see any eggs in this par-
ticular comb. On lifting off the standard
bars and looking at those below, it is the
same ; the brood chamber is being filled
as fast as the larvae emerge, and yet the
upper standard bars are being filled and
capped over.

We still get a great many visitors. I
sometimes think it is to see if what I
write is strictly true. I never hesitate to
take off the tops and show them that they
are as I have stated. After all the years of
bee-keeping, there is still a lot to learn,
still a lot of variations that make them
interesting as the years go by. Those
that are not bee-keepers, who see the
wonderful work that the bees do, and lift
the great weight of standard bars filled
with honey, and see the sections, rack
after rack, all filled, tier upon tier, go
away singing the praises of the Violet
Farm, and what it will produce. I have
written before, '• What man has done
man can do." There is room foe workers
on the land, fortunes are still to be made
if you stick to it well, harness up the be&s
to production, as well as the horses, give
them plenty of scope to pile up the nectar
that is wasting in every part of our be-
loved land at some seasons of the year.
The harvest of the bees is the best, as
there is so little labour to pay, but with
all other parts of farming there is labour
at high prices; but even after paying the
men, there is a margin that will help to
buy the land that you are renting. Field
after field can be bought, but the bees
do the most towards the purchase, as they
go over all the fields of other farmers for
■ the surplus that they store,

I notice one writer in the " B.B.J."
states that "it is difficult to follow the
yarns." The simple writer feels that he
is indeed honoured that they are read.

434

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 9, 1920.

The writer of .tliem would give up sending
when others take to sending what is more
readable. He places no value on these
yarns; only wants to see the craft car-
ried on to greater perfection; he writes
to encourage, and has no time to
carp at others — life is too short, time is
of too much value. I helieve that there
is a great future before us; it is only
those that stick to it who reap the re-
ward. Mine is but a small farm of fifty
acres, and we employ only ten hands, but
we have managed to buy field after field
until it is all our own, even some of it at
i£70 an acre. If better men won't con-
tribute to the Journal, then the lesser
ones, like myself, must still write the
simple yarns of Dorset. We state what
we see, we write what we know; some
of us have only the lesser talents, others
have the full ten. The great God that
rules the universe has given us an under-
standing heart, and we make as much of
the talents He gives us, so our thoughts
are always pleasant. I think it was Rus-
kin that wrote, " Make yourself nests of
pleasant thoughts . . . none of us yet
knows, for none of us were taught in
early youth, what favourite palaces we
may build of beautiful thoughts."

So we write of what we see, what we
know, and what we think. It must be
the last that others find it " difficult to
follow.' ' The two first are concrete facts
that a long life with Nature in all its
hesit, has given me great facilities of
knowledge. Long years as a director cf
labour, so as to get the most out of the
land, has taught me many things. One
is that it is of no use to fijid fault unless
you can show something better. Many
of us feel that we could do great things,
better than they are done by others. In
my yotmg life I had soon to learn that
the first empire to rule was self. As
Shelley puts it, '^ Man who man would
be, must rule the empire of himself."
In it he must be supreme. One soon finds
that there are many things to which one
ciinnot attain, because one has not the
ten talents, only the five, so the man with
the lesser talents writes the yarns of
Dorset because he who has the ten talents
will not write constructive reada/ble
matter. — J. J. Kettle.

[Numbers of our readers -bell us, both
verbally and by letter, how much they
onjoy the Dorset Yarn. We think all
will enjoy and appreciate this one, which
is, if not the best, one of the best Mr.
Kettle has written. We commend the
latter part to our readers, especially those
who are inclined to be super-critical. Mr.
Kettle has put the matter so clearly and
eloquently that to make any comment
would spoil it. — Eds.]

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Fopulus vult decipi, et decepiatur,
which being interpreted is, " Let the
people be deceived as they wish it." No,
I am not alluding to present day politics,
although probably the policy of some
people is a wish to be deceived even in
affairs of statenienship ; I am, of course,
referring to those who have to do with
bees. This morning I remarked to a lady
interested in, though not a keeper of bees,
that the summer had been a very had one
for honey harvesting. She agreed. "Yet,"
she said, " Miss was telling me yes-
terday she had done remarkably well,
and it's her first year of hee-keeping."
I sought out this fortunate individual and
heard from her own lips an exciting
account of her industry. She worked me
up by saying slie bought her swarm only
last May. The bees set to work at onco
and covered their brood frames verj
quickly. A fortnight after she put oji
a box of shallow frames and a rack of sec-
tions. She looked in last week and there
were still a few bees in the sections, so
she left them alone. I suggested it was
time she learnt something of the state of
the brood chamber. " Would you like to
have a look at them? " she asked. I said
I should. I was led down a long garden
walk bordered with African marigolds,
zinias and godetias, with a hackground of
phlox and shasta daisies, 'neath two or
three arches of roses to a back corner
of asphalt, on which stood the hive. There
were more wasps round the entrance than
I cared to see, while a cluster of guilty-
looking bees before the opening gave me
a shock. I drew in my breath. " What's
the matter? " asked the lady. " I'm
afraid you'll see in a minute," I replied.
" Surely," she went on, "there's nothing
wrong; look at the bees at the entrance."
" Ah," said I, " they are there to make
believe; bees are as artful as spiders.
I fear those ibees are there just to try
fiid deceive any other bees chancing that
way. Watch." I gave them a puff of
smoke; they flew up and off, like naughty
boys out of an orchard at the approach
of the village constable. " I'm afraid
you're robbed out," I said. " No! nol "
my lady replied, " you cannot mean that.
I don't think you quite understand bees;
bees never rob another hive, only wasps
do that." '^Indeed," I responded,
'*' that's interesting, but if you'll allow
mo to look in the hive I think I shall
find both bees and wasps on the rob."
She drew herself up and said, " I prefer
to manage my own bees my own way,
thank you." " Very well," I said, " but
I'm quite sorry for you, really, because I
know you're in for a great disappoint-
"ment." At this her brother appeared and

Sept. 9, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

435

heard the end of my sentence, and asked
the meaning of it. I explained, and he
expostulated. " Mabs, don't be a fool,"
said he, " lefs have the hive open," and
suiting the action to the words he began
by lifting off the roof, and turning to me,
said, '' Several bees up here, one or two
wasps, and about five million earwigs;
what's wrong?" "Tell you when I've
seen the brood chamber," was my reply.
He stood aside and I lifted the "rack of
sections — quite devoid of honey. The box
of shallow frames was in a similar con-
dition, except that there we're signs of
honey having been stored on two combs.
The brood chamber was pathetic. Combs
in every frame had been drawn out, and
not more than four ounces of honey left,
which the wa«?ps and robber beas were
intent upon stealing. Not more than a
dozen dead bees were on the floor ; a
mouse had been in chewing the combs,
and the wax moth was busy. The colony
of bees had gone! Poor woman, she must
believe her eyes, and hereyes were called
upon to relieve her feelings — she wept !
For some little time those naughty bees,
thick around the entrance, had succeeded
ii deceiving her.

Nmv let us turn to the old man's hives
I was writing of last week. Hive three
was, as it were, enjoying a new lease cf
life. The queen was laying vigorously,
and soon the hive will be filled with
young bees. In hive four the queen had
emerged, but so far has not yet mated —
the new fertile queen ordered has not yet
arrived, but if she comes soon it will not
be too late to introduce her. Strange is
the mind of man. My old friend seems
half indifferent as to the fate of hive four
so long as his third hive shows renewed
life.

One thing which surprises some people
who pay me visits now and again is that
- 1 allow gra.ss to grow well up before the
front of the hives. They expect to see
every hive placed upon grass as well cut
as a bowling green. I venture to say
that bees do better if their hives are
somewhat overgrown. I have again and
again noticed that where hives are placed
on a closely cut lawn or asphalt flooring
or such like, the wasp.s will be a pest,
whereas let your hive front be protected
with long grass, aye, and even" weeds,
robbing will not be nearly so evident. I
have a skep behind a rose bush, which
bush has half smothered it. The swarm
I took in early July when just off to fulfil
an engagement, and it has remained
there ever since. Considering the season,
those bees have done famously, and I've
never seen a robher bee or a wasp go near.
All these things are worth noting.

I've had a warm time this past week

tflliiTii5 of! supere, Angor and fttingH were

the order of the apiaiy. One lot was
so furious I was obliged to close down for
another day. Strangely enough, it origi-
nated from the best tempered swarm I
have handled for many a day ; it was
one of the earlfest this year, and has
done better than any stock this season.
Swarms are, of course, generally good
tom.pered, but one -generally notes a few
bees among the cluster rather edgy. I
often think of the first swarm I took.
I was but a youth. My eldest brother
was building up an apiary, and inciden-
tally receiving orders for swarms by every
post. He had to go away on business,
and I saw him maEing anxious excursions
to the hives ; and at last the time arrived
for him to start off, and an expected
swarm had not come out. In his distress
he asked me to take the swarm if it came
out. " Just shake the bees in a skep,
reverse it with one edge on a stone and
leave them; they'll be all right. If the
sun is very hot shade them a bit."
Hitherto I had always kept a safe dis-
tance from his hives, although I was glad
ei.ough to help glaze, or eat, the filled
sections. He had been gone about two
hours when out came the swami. It
settled on a young apple-tree branch.
Covering myself like an Egyptian woman,
I put the skep on the ground, shook the
bees, into it, tossed it over with my foot
and fled — expecting to be pursued by a
thousand angry bees. But not a bee fol-
lowed me, so I took courage and returned
and propped the skep up. No signs of
anger; aiid from that day I have felt
affection for, rather than a dread of. Apis
meUifica. — E. F. Hemming, Steeple Gid-
ding.

Notes on Bee Keeping.

Here in South Lanes one can consider
the honey harvest is no«' over, and which,
to my mind, has proved a poor one ; this
has been my experience. Our bees have
had to use up some of the surplus honey
stored to feed the fast maturing brood.
There have been plenty of nectar-
producing flowers here, such as our bees
like, but the weather has been adverse
for them, confining them indoors. This,
in my opinion, has been the cause of so
much swarming this season, for bees
must work ; idleness forms no part of
their character, whether the work is
indoors or out of doors foraging. With
the voung bees hatching at a rapid
rate they soon' become overcrowded ;
results, queen cells started, and the first
suitable day swarms issue forth. Now
we are about to start another year, and
much depends at this time whether oiir
bees live or die during the rigour of

436

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept, 9, 1920.

winter and come out a prosperous colony
next spring. We must begin (if the
weather continues bad, and the bees are
unable to gather from an outside source)
by stimulating the queens into laying.
From the beginning of August until the
middle of September the queens should
be kept laying; a little gentle feeding
will accomplish this. If the cqmbs in
the centre of the hive are filled with
honey, as in many a case, it will be neces-
sary to extract them, or otherwise give
them to stocks in need of stores, replac-
ing same with empty combs. These will
be readily claimed by the queen for de-
positing her eggs. The young bees
hatched at this season will be of great
benefit to the hive in early spring. The
old bees of a colony die off the first,
leaving the younger members to carry on
the work. Autumn is the time to super-
sede old and failing queens. If a queen
is old and unprolific the colony is bound
to dwindle, as the number of eggs laid
is not in proportion to the natural decay
of its numerous members. A prolific
queen in early summer will lay so many
eggs that the hive will become over-
populated ; this is just what the bee-
keeper wants, and by enlarging the hives
just at that time he has a number of
willing workers to carry in the harvest
from, the hedgerows and meadows. If
an unprolific queen is in the hive, instead
of increasing in numbers as the harvest
time advances the bees, by their inde-
fatigable work in endeavouring to bring
in as much as they possibly can, dwindle
gradually away by the extra exertions
imposed upon themselves, and get less
and less in numbers. As the colony gets
smaller and smaller, its members in pro-
portion seem to relax in their efforts,
and quickly lose heart, becoming an en-
cumbrance in the apiary instead of a
use. When selecting queens, it is well
to have them fromi specially selected
mothers that have shown their
superiority in the apiary. Oueens have
become quite a regular traffic through
post in these days of modern devices.* I
should think, owing to the cold" season we
have had, many queens have died en
route. It is a good plan when sending
queens through post to place a piece of
cardboard over the exposed part of the
wired cage, taking care to leave suffioiont
ventilation ; it conserves the heat. Have
had two queens chilled on arrival, and
on both occasions the cages were too miich
exposed to the cold when travelling.
Queen introdnction is ntjite onsy if cer-
tain precautions are taken when placinp^
her in the hive, or, as it is termed,
" introducing " her. Tf these precau-
tions nre not taken the bees will cer-
tainly kill any strange queen that may

enter. For many years the system
adopted has been caging, especially if she
is a valuable queen. This is performed
by placing the queen in a cage made for
the purpose, and allowing her to remain
thus protected from the assaults of the
inhabitants of the hive for about forty-
eight hours. On the exjiiration of this
time the bees have got acquainted with
her, and when released she will be
accepted by them with the usual tokens
of filial respect. Some bee-keepers con-
tend that caging is not the perfection
of queen introduction, though for a
novice I should say it is the safest plan.
Often, while confined, the queen may
poke a leg through the bars or wires of
the cage ; this is instantly seized by
some of the crowd of angry bees, who
thickly surround the cage containing
her, and it may be torn off, thus damag-
ing the queen. Therefore we must re-
member that with queen introduction a
certain amount of loss is inevitable. —
P. Lythgoe, Padgate, Warrington,
Lanes.

Bee-Keeping in South
Monmouthshire.

The Weather.— Mr. G. K. Chesterton
says in one of his books — I quote from a
not very good memory — "Talking about
the weather is our pagan way of begin-
ning every conversation with prayer.''
This year the weather is about past pray-
ing for. Occasionally we have had two
or three warm days; honey has come in
as we have piled up the supers. Then has
come weeks of rain. Nevertheless bees
have somehow managed to store a moder-
ate quantity. Nine stocks — five spring
count — have given me about 230 lbs., and
I expect at least another 200 lbs. This in
spite of incessant swarming. This year I
have applied the Demaree system after
the event, and it has answered pretty
well, although in some cases the bees
have come out again in a day or two.

The So-called New Disease. — ^Nearly
every apiary about here, including my
own* has had one or more stocks affected,
and I have seen a lot of it. As far as I
know they have all recovered eventually,
some much weakened, others not appre-
ciably so, except one stock, which weis
thought by the owner to be queenless.
Spraying with various substances has
been tried in May. Some of us, myself
included, used flavine accx>rding to Cocker.
The stocks so treated have mostly re-
covered, but those that got over the
trouble most quickly were the ones not
treated in any way! The disease is said
not to be infectious, and it certainly does

Sept. 9, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

437

not appear to be. What, then, can he
the use of spraying with antiseptics?
Possibly the sugar which is generally
added does good by its aperient action.
It is quit-e a mistake to think that swarms
only are affected, although they certainly
aippear more susceptible. I have seen
several stocks and one or two nuclei suf-
fering with the disease. I do not think
it is a new disease -at all. I believe*it
has hitherto heen confused with " Isle of
Wight " disease, and accounts - for the
many reports of cases of that disease in '
st&imer.

The Honey Flows. — To revert to this
subject, the early date honey was of ex-
cellent quality and in fair quantity. The
limes yielded fairly well, and there was
an abundance of white clover, which the
bees worked whenever they had a chance,
which was not often. During the few
hot days last week-end they were chiefly
on bramble flowers. On one of these days
I was visiting two of my stocks which are
at a farm about 2^ miles away. Next to
them was a 10-acre field of alsike and
white clover in full hloom. The whole
field was full of bees, and my heart re-
^ joiced. While I was shaking hands with
myself the farmer arrived with a mow-
ing machine.

Drones. — Where di-d the Rev. 'E. F.
Hemming get that amazing piece of in-
formation that if a drone enters a wrong
hive he is immediately pitched out unless
the hive is queenless? I thought every
bee-keeper knew that strange drones are
tolerated in any hive that is not turning
out its drones. This can easily be verified
at any time during the drone season. —
G. R. Steong, Major, Monmouthshire.

Surrey Bee-Keepers' Association.

The above Association held their annual
show at Guildford on Augiist 25 in con-
nection with the Surrey Agricultural
Society's show. This is the first show
held by the Surrey B.K.A. since 1913, and
was a great success. There were over 90
exhibits, a very good number taking into
.account the bad season. The samples of
honey were well up to the standard.

Present\tion to Mr. F. B. White.

During the afternoon a presentation
was made to Mr. F. B. White, of Redhill,
late secretary and treasurer of the Asso-
ciation, with which he has been connected
since its formation over 24 years ago. The
gift took the form, of a cheque for 30
guineas, and a beautifully illuminated
address expressing grateful appreciation
of .Mr. White's active work in the interests
of apicultuxe in the county of Surrey
for over 24 years, and offering him sin-
cere thanks for his unfailing courtesy and

valuable assistance and advice. They
hoped the accompanying gift might enable
him to enjoy a well-earned holiday and so
regain good health. The address was
signed by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart.
(president), Mr. WilUam Welch and Mr.
Edwin B. Jay, J. P., C.A. (vice-presi-
dents), Mr. A. S. Smith (chairman), Mr.
W. E. Hamlin (secretary and treasurer),
and Mr. C. T. Overton (expert).

Aid. W. T. Patrick, J.P., of Guildford,
a member of the Association's committee,
handed the gifts to Miss White, on behalf
of her father, who was unable to attend
owing t-o ill-health. Aid. Patrick, referred
to the need of increasing food production
after the Avar, which he described as one
of the ftrst planks in the work of recon-
struction. When they considered the
sugar shortage and the fact that thousands
of pounds were sent abroad each year for
the purchase of foreign honey, it would
bt; realised that it believed everyone to
do what they could to help produce a local
supply. He referred to the good fellow-
ship which existed between large and small
bee-keepers, all being ever ready to help
a brother who was in difficulties. The
speaker also made allusion to the valuable
help given to bee-keeping by Mr. White
during his long term of office. He gave a
brief review of the work .of the Associa-
tion. Its activities had been somewhat
restricted by tlie war, but it was hoped it
would now go on with increased vigour.
It ivas proposed to reconstruct the Asso-
ciation somewhat on the lines adopted in
Kent, the county being divided into dis-
tricts. Secretaries for many districts were
needed, and bee-keepers who were willing
to undertake the work were invited to
give their names to the secretary. A
map showing the proposed boundaries of
tbe districts was on view so that any bee-
keeper could see in which one he resided.

Mr. Seth Smith, of Cobham, who has
been associated with the Association as
chairman the whole of its existence, re-
sponded on behalf of Mr. Wliite.

There was only one cup for competition
this year, but at the next show it is hoped
that there will be several trophies, and
that the exhibition will be on a much
bigger scale. This year's cup, for the
member winning the most points, went to
Mr. J. Fooks, of Normandy.

Mr. C. T. Overton was the judge, and
made die following awards: —

Class 1. — 8 entries for 6 1-lb. sections Comb
Honey (free from heather), gathered during
1920 : 1, (Silver Medal and 3s. 6d). Mrs.
Fawcett, of Guildford : 2 (Bronze Medal and
3p. 6d), .1. Fooks. of Normandy; 3 (4s.), E. G.
Waldock. of Guildford.

> Class 2. — 5 entries for six 1-lb. sections of
Comb Heather Honey, gathered during 1919
or 1920: 1 (Bronze Medal and 4s. 6d.), Miss
Unwin, of Churt; 2 (Cerbifioate of Merit and

438

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 9, 1920.

3s. .6d.), M. J Lamboll, of Chiddingfold ; 3
(3s.), A. Seth Smith, of Cobham.

Class 3. — ^5 entries for one shallow frame of
Comb Honey for extracting, gathered during
1920: 1 (Bronze Medal and 4s 6d.), J. Fooks;
2 (10s. order for goods given by Messrs. F. A.
Brown & Co.), E. G. Waldock ; 3 (rack of
sections or shallow frames, given by Mr. A. H.
Hamshar), A. Seth Smith.

Class 4. — 14 entries for six 1-lb. jars of
Medium-Coloured Extracted Honey (free from
Heather), gathered during 1^0: 1 (Bronze
Medal and 4s 6d.), F. A. Brown, of Guildford ;
2 (10s order for goods, given by Messrs. F. A.
Brown & Co.), A. Cox, of Merrow; 3 (Cer-
tificate and 2s. 6d.), H. J. Snell, of Guildford).

Class 5. — 9 entries for six 1-lb. jars of Light-
Coloured Extracted Honey (free from heather),
gathered during 1920 : 1 (Bronze Medal and
4s. 6d.), M. J. Lamboll; 2 (5s.), E.' G. Wal-
dock; 3 (Certafioate and 2s. 6d.), F. A. Brown.

Class 6. — 4 entries for six 1-lb. jars of Ex-
tracted Heather Honey, gathered during 1919
or 1920: 1 (Bronze Medal and 4s. 6d.), M. J.
Lamboll; 2 (5s.), J. Fooks; 3 (Certificate and
2s. 6d.), G. Bullen, of Cobham.

Class 7. — 4 entries for six 1-lb. jars of Ex-
tracted Honey (heather blend), gathered
during 1919 or 1920: 1 (Bronze Medal and
4s. 6d.), J. Fooks; 2 (Certificate and 3s.), M. J.
Lamboll; 3 (3s.). Miss Unwin.

Class 8. — 8 entries for six 1-lb. jars of
Granulated Honey (free from heather)^
gathered any year : 1 (Bronze Medal and
4s. 6d.), H. J. Snell; 2 (Certificate and 3s.), Miss
Whyte Johnstone, of Reigate; 3 (3s.), Mrs.
Fawcett.

Class 9. — ^3 entries for six 1-lb. jars of
Granulated Hohey (heather or heather blend),
gathered any year : 1 (Bronze Medal and
4s. 6d.), A. Seth Smith; 2 (Certificate and 3s.),
G. Bullen ; 3 (3s.), H. J. Snell.

Class 10. — 8 entries for Wax, not less than
1 lb. (may be in 1, 2, or 3 pieces) : 1 (Certifi-
cate and 2s. 6d.), F. B. White, of Redhill; 2
(4s.), H. J. Snell; 3 (3s.), Miss Unwin.

Class 11. — 5 entries for three 1-lb. jars of
Extracted Honey (not granulated), gathered
during 1919 or 1920: 1 (Certificate and 3s.).
F. A Brown; 2 (3s.), 0. St. C. O'Malley, of
Ockham.

Class 12. — 2 entries for three 1-lb. sections of
Comb Honey, gathered during 1920 : 1 (Cer-
tificate and 3s.), W. E. Eustace, of Light-
water; 2 (3s.), R. H. Savory, of Chertsey.

Class 13. — 2 entries for six 1-lb. sections of
Comb Honey (free from heather), gathered
during 1920: 1 (Bronze Medal and 4s. 6d.), J.
Silver, of Croydon; 2 (Certificate and 3s.),
R. H. Savory. •

Class 14. — 2 entries for six 1-lb. sections of
Comb Honey (free from heather), gathered
during 1920: 1 (Ceitificate and 4s. 6d.), M. J.
Lamboll ; 2 (4s.). Miss Unwin.

Class 15. — 7 entries for six 1-lb. jars of Light-
Coloured Extracted Honey (free from heather),
gathered during 1920 : 1 (Bronze Medal and
4s. 6d.), J. Fooks; 2 (4s.), F. A. Brown; 3
(3s.), A. Cox.

Class 16. — 2 entries for one shallow frame of
Comb Honey for extracting, gathered during
1920: 1 (Certificate and 4s 6d.), J. Fooks; 2
(4s.), A. Seth Smith. »

Class 17. — 3 entries for Wax. For the best
exhibit of not ]fi.ss than than 1 lb. of Beeswax,
produced by exhibitor's own bees: 1 (Certifi-
cate and 2s. 6d.), Miss Unwin; 2 (4s.), A. H.
Hamshar, of Wonersh ; 3 (3s.), .J, Silver.

Class 18, — 2 entries for the largest and best
collection of Hives and Appliances, the whole
to be staged by the exhibitor or his ropcesonta-
tive i pnge to b© fixed to each article, and to

include every portion of the exhibit staged :
1 (Silver Medal and 30s.), C. T. Overton &
Sons, of Crawley; 2 (Certificate and 25s.), F. A.
Brown & Co., of Guildford.

The holder of the Silver Cup for the year
will be Mr. J. Fooks, whose points were equi-
valent to 5 first prizes.

Glasgow and District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

By the cx>urtesy of ithe Glasgow and
West of Scotland Horticultural Society an
exhibition of honey, hives jand appliances
was held in conjunction with the Flower
Show ait St. Andrew's Hall, Glasgow, on
September 1 and 2.

Owing to the very poor season only a
few members exhibited; consequently,
some of the prizes were withheld. The
following being winners: —

Three Sections Honey : Mr. Howieson,
1st.

Three Jars Honey: Mr. R. Whyte, 1st;
Mr. J. C. Finlay, 2nd.

Three Jars Granulated Honey : Mr. R.
Whyte, 1st; Mr. J. C. Finlay, 2nd.

Messrs. Austin McAslan staged a very
complete assortment of hives and appli-
ances.

Messrs. Steele & Brodie, Wormit, very
kindly .sent for exhibition hives and a,ppli-
ances; A hive very favourably commented
being their new commercial hive, which
has some novel features.

The President, Mr. Alec. Steven, exhi-
bited a Nicholson observatory hive, which
was the centre of., attraction.

The Hon. Secretary, along with two or
three :nembers, was in continuous atten-
dance to explain the various exhibits and
answer questions. Several new members
were enrolled. — P. Bebbington, Hon. Sec.

Mid-Cheshire Farmers' Association

The twentieth annual show of the above
Association was held at Knutsford on
Wednesday, September 1.

Honey Section.

Considering the wretched season experi-
enced in" the North, the exhibits — 30 —
may be considered very satisfactory.
The honey generally was of very good
colour, consistency, and quality; a
splendid set of sections was put tip by
Mi". W. Emery. The following were the
awards : —

Class 69.— Twelve bottles of run or ex-
tracted honey, gathered during 1920,
approximate weight 12 lbs. : 1, W. H.
Barlow; 2, W. Emery; 3, W. Bradburn.

Class 70. ^Observatory hive with bees
and queen, each cbmb to be visible on
both sides : 3. B. T. Abell.

Cla.ss 72. — Six sections of comb honey,
gathered during ''■ 1920, approximate
woiftht 6 lbs. ! 1, W. Emery; 2, B, T.
Abell

Sepfc. 9, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

439

Class 73. — Twelve bottles of run or ex-
tracted honey, light coloured, gathered
during 1920, approximate weight 12 lbs.
(B.B.K.A. standard of colour) : 1, "W.
Emery; 2, Wm. Burrows; 3, F. H.
Davenport; h.c, F. S. Ireland.

Class 75. — Two shallow frames of
comb honey, gathered during 1920 : 2,
W. Emery.

Class 76. — Exhibit of not less than 1 lb.
of wax, the produce of the exhibitor's
apiary, extracted and cleaned by the ex-
hibitor or his assis'tants; to be exhibited
in pieces similar in size and shape : 1,
W. Emery; 2, B. T. Abell;^3, Wm.
Burrows.

CiSss 77. — Twelve bottles of run or ex-
trat'ted honey gathered during 1920,
approximate weight 12 lbs. : 1, W. H.
Barlow; 2, Wm. Burrows; 3, Mrs. Cros-
land; h.c, B. T. Abell.

Class 78. — Six bottles of run or ex-
tracted honey, fathered during 1920,
approximate weight 6 lbs. : 1, Wm.
Burrows.

Special. — A special prize was awarded
to B. T. Abell for three sets of twelve
bottles of run honey, which arrived too
late to be judged.

The Eev. Canon T. J. Evans and Mr.
A. J. Blakeman acted as judges.

Cheshire Bee-Keepers* Association"

The annual show of the C.B.K.A. was
held in connection with the Cheshire
Agricultureal Society's Exhibition at
Chester on August 25. This was the first
show held at Chester since the war, and
considering the unusually cold and wet
season experienced throughout the
country, and especially in these parts,
the honey .shown was of very good quality.
Some of it was exceptionally light in
colour, and reminded us of some fine
sainfoin honey..we had seen at this show
some years ago. As we expected, the
number of entries was much below the
average. Many bee-keepersi — who had
been keen exhibitors — had just passed
through the worst season in all their long
experience, and had nothing whatever to
show for their labours. But bee-keepers
are always full of hope, and wo are
already laying the foundation for another
season, when we hope to have a real good
time again.

Rev. Canon T. J. Evans, M.A., Knuts-
ford, and Mr. E. P. Hinde, Liverpool,
officiated as judges, and made the follow-
ing awards : —

Best Complete Frame Hive. — F. New-
port, Brookdale House. Tattenhall.

Beginner's Outfit.- -F. Newport.

Twelve sections of comb honey. — One
entry, for which a 3rd prJ7;e was awarded,

B. T. Abell, Stallington Apiary, Blythe
Bridge, Staffs.

Twelve bottles honey. — 1; John Birkett,
Blundell's Lane, Rainhill, Lanes.; 2,
B. T. Abell; 3, J. O. Button, Acton
Nurseries, Wrexham.

Observatory hive, with bees and
queen.— 1, F. Newport; 2, B. T. Abell.

Six sections of comb honey — 1, J. C.
Dutton; 2, B. T. Abell.

Twelve bottles light-coloured honey.-—
1, B. T. Abell; 2, J. C. Dutton; 3, F.
Newport.

Twelve bottles medium-coloured honey.
— 1, B. T. AbcU; 2, J. C. Dutton; 3, T.
Alun Jones, Halkyn, Flintshire.

Twelve bottle dark-coloured honey. — 1.
B. T. Abell.

Two shallow frames of comb honey. — 1,
F. Newport.

Beeswax. — 1, T. Alun Jones; 2, John
Boden, 36 Tunnel Top, Baraton, North-
wich ; 3, J. C. Dutton; reserve, B. T.
Abell ,

Twelve bottles of honey (class 117) open
to members who had not won a first or
second prize at the C.B.K.A. show in
1919—1, Mrs. Frank S. Smith, Pudding-
ton, near Birkenhead; 2, Will Davies,
Pentre, Northop Hall, Flints.; 3, B. T.
Abell.

Six bottles honey (open to members who
had never won a prize before). — 1, Mrs.
Frank S. Smith.

Nearly all the exhibitors had sent in an
entry for the gift class. No entrance fee
was charged, and the honey entered was
given to the Chester Royal Infirmary. — 1,
B. T. Abell; 2, Mrs. F. S. Smith; reserve.
J. C. Dutton,

The lecture and demonstration in the
Association's bee tent, delivered in his
usual most interesting style by the Rev.
Canon Evans, attracted the largest
audience wo have ever seen at the shows
A keen interest is being taken in the
craft, and although the season has been
most unfavourable to start new beginners,
much good seed has been sown at this
show that will bear fruit next season.
The C.B.K.A. 's pamphlet "On the Keep-
ing of Bees " and the B. of A.'s leaflets
nere in great demand.

The show is an ideal rendezvous to meet
old friends, ana also to make new
acquaintances. Bee-keepers are soon
brothers, even without the formality ol
an introduction.

Disease is much less prevalent in the
c/ounty than in past years, and when we
learn of the energy some of our members
have put to the craft, sparing neither
brains nor capital to socuro the finest bees
from both hemispheres, and building them
into most woncjcrful strains, it is no

440

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 9, 1920.

wonder that our bees are healthier, and
our hopes high.

As with many other enterprises, the
(Secretary is the ' pivot " from whom
most of the membei's' energy is radiated,
and our Association is fortunate in having
in Mr, Franklin, of Mouldsworth,, un-
doubtedly one of the finest secretaries in
the kingdom, and the success of the
O.B.K.A. and its shows is due to his able
steering of affairs. T. Alun Jones.

Halkyn.

The Season in Northants.

[10283] If the same season conditions
exist in other parts of the country as they
are here (Mid-Northants), it would be ad-
visable at once to advise rew bee-keepers
to examine their stocks for a properly fer-
tilised queen. I find since June 27 that
no queen has been fertilised out of many
placed in nuclei, and that no queens get
fertilised in the stocks which have
swarmed since that date. These stocks
arc labouring along eithei- without a
queen or with one that is producing
drones. No doubt, the early season gave
us bees. I am afraid the late season will
take a great (toll of many stocks. It has
beep a wicked bee season here, not
nearly enough honey being gathered to
keep the bees going, and in some cases
absolute starvation. — George F. Smith.

Foreign Honey for Feeding Bees.

[10284] In reply to [9907], my bees
have always been fed on imported honey,
and have never had sugar in any form.
I think it is unwise to medicate the
honey when cold, as honey, being so
thick, you would have difficulty in mixing
it. I always boil the honey in bulk and
dilute it afterwards with water (medi-
cated) when required for use. Diluted
honey goes mouldy, and would cause
trouble with the bees. Shake well before
using, and it will mix.

Imported honey is cheaper than sugar,
and honey is their natural food. I stimu-
lated the bees with honey early in the
year, and had my first swarm on June 1.
I have never seen anv trouble with them.
I have never had " I.O.W." or any other
disease in my apiarv,. and I have six
hives to every one I started with this
vear. All combs are covered with bees.
I believe there is plenty of honey for
winter use in every hive, but I have h^d
little or none for myself. — John Hughes.

Bee-Keeping Experiences.

[10285] In 1917 I started bee-keeping.
I bought a swarm of bees, which arrived
about the middle of June, were success-
fully hived, established themselves
strongly, but gave me no surplus. They
wintered apparently well, and were
flying strong early in the spring of 1918.
Then in April came a snowstorm, and
after that every bee was a crawler. (At
the time I sent you some of the bees, and
your diagnosis was^ that they appeared
to have " I.O.W." disease.) I could not
delay treatment, so placed the lot in a
large box, with glass cover, and put thi.«
in the greenhouse. They were sprayed
with hydrogen peroxide, and fed on syrup
medicated with Bacterol, and kept warm.
In three days many were flying again,
and the queen started to lay. What were,
left of them were then hived in a clean
hive — they barely covered two frames of
comb. They worked well, and came
through the winter of 1918-19 success-
fully.

In 1919 I got a five-frame nucleus and
28 lbs. of honey from this stock, and they
wintered principally on their own stores.

In 1920 I formed a nucleus on May 1 ;
on May 15 they were hanging out again.
I just caught the queen as she was off,
and as I wanted to increase stock I
formed another nucleus with her to head
it, which I will call No. 2.

I Was away all June, and though I put
on supers before I went the bees pre-
ferred to swarm rather than work them.

No. 2 swarmed first on Sunday,
June 27, again Thursday July 1, and
again Wednesday, July 7. On July 8 I
cut out fifteen queen cells. The swarms
were very kindly hived for me. The first
one was very strong, and is now working
a rack of shallow frames.

On July 3 the hive formed as a nucleus
in 1919 swarmed.

It seems to me rather wonderful that
there should now be eight lots of vigorous
bees where two seasons ago there was
but a handful of bees threatening to die
out.— M. T.

The Use of Experts.

[10286] Every Association ought to en-
courage bee-keepers to get their certifi-
cate, now we have increased bee-keeping
so much of late.

A man can be the greatest use to begin-
ners by lectures, etc., also giving and re-
ceiving visits. Examination is hard in
parts, and requires study, but is well
worth the trouble.

T heard one say, " Oh I I shall go to
pieces in front of a board of experts."
But why? they will not eat you. Get in

Sept. 9, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOUENAL.

441

the habit of looking a man straight-
forwardly and not shyly. There is a way
to get over this. I always look for the sun-
shine of his smile, and we are soon on
terms. My first exam., with our beloved
editor — (We had not the pleasure, it v.as
Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall. — Eds.) — wh
both sat on the edge of a table. Some-
thing tickled him about me, and we spent
a happy time over many questions of
great interest, and put me at my ease.
Anything he thought I was not certain
about a little help came in a charming
manner. Let them see you are keen and
your troubles are over.

As I was saying great help can be given
owing to confidence in what you say which
is badly needed amongst many. Offer
your help and you become real brother
bee-keepers, — Cyril Teedcboft.

Difficulties of Bee-Keeping,

[10287] I wonder whether any other
bee-keeper is meeting with the same diffi-
culties as myself in this very unsatis-
factory season.

My bees are all very short of stores, and
the queens appear to have struck work
for some time, as there is very little oi
no brood, although plenty of bees and
nice young queens. ,

They must be fed and I need sugar, so
Acting on your valued^ instructions of
July 29, I wrote to the secretary of the
Norfolk Education Committee for the
necessary registration forms, and after
about ten days, having had no reply, I
wrote again pointing out the urgency of
the matter — but I have had no response.

Meanwhile I notice from your advertise-
ment columns that syrup and candy can
be supplied xinthout vouchers. What is
wrong with this sugar business, and why
these apparently unnecessary restrictions?

To save my bees I am feeding back the
honey I had already taken.

Richard H. Amies.

[Our correspondent is not the only
bee-keeper in Norfolk who has had the
same trouble. So far as we can find out,
it is caused by the fact that almost the
whole of the staff at the Education Office
at Norwich are away on holiday, and for
all practical purposes the office has been
closed during their absence. In the mean-
time hundreds of colonies of bees in the
county, are starving as their owners are
unable to get permits for the purchase of
sugar. There appears to have been gross
mismanagement somewhere. The syrup
and candy without vouchers are, no
doubt, made from " free sugar," that is
sugar the Government allowed to be im-
ported free of control, but we are not I
certain if it can be procured now. — Eds.] I

The Honey Season,

[10288] In the County of Stafford we
have had a very poor season this year,
the weather having been wet and cold
all the time, except a few days at Whit-
suntide (and the fi'uit crop is one of the
wors^t on record). Most hives in my dis-
trict have no more honey than will be
required for wintering, and when taken
off its equivalent must be given back in
feeding.

" I.O.W." disease is still progressing,
and threatens to stamp out all the old-
fashioned British bees, but the county
authorities are doing what they can to
raise Italians for re-stocking.

I have been amused, and almost filled
with envy at times when reading Mr.
Kettle's "Dorset Yarn," and have occa-
sionally wondered if it was quite true,
especially when he talked of putting on
supers for gooseberry honey, and for
other flowers which in this district bees
never look at.

Lord ! What a land he must live in
for honey to be flowing in such quanti-
ties. ^'

However, let us not envy him, but wish
him every success, and may next year be
a better one for all of us. — Thos. Harper,
Uttoxeter, Staffs.

S. M. EussEiL (Hants).— Bees frequenting drains,
efc— We cannot say why bees do this. It has
been suggesfted that the salts contained in the
water is the attraction. To keep earwigrs out of
the hives keep them supplied with naphthaline,
powder some amongr the quilts, and -if W.B.C.
hivek place some balls between the brood box
and ooter cover.

H. G. T. Dyson.— Absence of brood.— It is possible
the queens were out of the hive on a matine
fli2;ht wnen you examined them. If there is etill
no brood, it will be better to give them a fertile
queen, fi.Tst examining the combs carefully to
'find and remove any queen that may be present.

" Thames Valley " (Bucks).— Feeding with foreign
honey.— li will be safe if a good quality honey
is used. It should be thinned with 3 or 4 oz. of
water and boiled.

M. Neilson (Ayrshire).— Renson for having hives
in a row.— The only reason is that when in a
row they do not occupy so much ground, and
they are more convenient for working. It is
better to have them in different parts of the
garden to minimise the risk of disease apreading,
if it can be done.

F. E. Ashley (Middlesex).— Fario?/s Queries.— (I) If
the district is so good you p.hould be able to
make a fair increase and also obtain some .surplus
honey. Ton cannot do better than adopt the
method you describe. It is the one followed in
our apiaiy. (2) We use the Porter bee escape,
and'fi'nd no difficulty in getting the bees cleared
out of the supers. Try a wire cloth clearer. _ It
is not advisable to use a roof escape at this time
of year; it may cause robbing. (3) We are

442

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 9, 1920.

afraid not. (4) This will be sent by the B.B.K.A.
<5) The hives should be thoroughly cleaned down
at least once a year (in the spring), and the
floor board should be cleaned when packing up
for winter. If you have no spare hive, use a
box or makeshift to hold the combs temporarily.
^6) We prefer shallow frames.

" Blandford " (Stratford).— (1) The escape board
will anewer all right. (2) Yes, if the colony is
strong.

F. E. S. (Ipswich).— (a) No. (b and c). Yes.

A. €. Fraser (Lines.).— Bees affected with "I.O.W."
disease fall to the ground and are- unable to fly.

E. Short (Cornwall). — We are unable to account
for the bee's sudden fit of bad temper.

Weather Report.

Westbourne, August, 1920.

Rainfall, 1'14 in.

Heaviest fall, '66 in.
on 18th.

Rain fell on 7 days.

Below average, l"61in.

Maximum tempera-
ture, 75 on 14th.

Minimum tempera-
ture, 40 on 20th.

Minimum on grass, 34
on 20th and 31st.

Frosty nights, 0.
Mean maximum, 65 '2.
Mean minimum, 49 ".3.
Mean temperature, 57 2
Below average, 3'3.
Maximum barometer,

30-425 on 29th.
Minimum barometer.

29-511 on 5th.

L. B. BiRKKTT.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2s. 6d. is made for noticei
inot exceeding 7 Una) in this column, 10 lines
charged Zs. 6d., up to 15 lines 6s., which covers
cost of insertion from order till date of show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

Saturday, September 11. — Fforest-Fach
Horticultural Society, Swansea. Three Open
Classes for Honey, extracted and sections. Help
to foster bee cult this end. 1st prizes, lOs.; 2nd
and 3rd in proportion.— Schedules ready from
Q. L. Williams, Fforest-Fach, Swansea.

Sept€m.ber 15, at Twickenham.— Twicken-
ham Horticultural Society's Great Vegetable Exhi-
bition. Honey exhibits under the control of
Twickenham and Thames Valley B.K.A. Two
Open Classes for Comb and' Extracted Honey.—
Schedules from Miss M. Byatt, " Hawthorn," Han-
worth, Middlesex. Entries close September 8.

September 18 to" 24.— Grocers' Exhibition,
Agricultural Hall, London. Honey and Bee
Appliance Competitions, open to the United King-
dom. Good prizes. Entrance fee in each class le.
—Schedule of Competitions sent on application,
referring to this journal, to H. S. Rogers, 31, Queen
Victoria Street, E.C.2. Entries close Sep-
tember 11.

September 22.— .\Itrincham Show. Several
Open Classes for Honey and Appliances.— Sche-
dules from H. Turner, 1, Market Street, Altrin-
cham.

October 5 to 8.— Essex Fruit and Honey Show
at Institute of Agriculture, Chelmsford. Open from
12 to 8 p.m. Admission free. Lectures and demon-
strations each day.— Schedules from G. R. Alder,
7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.

October 19 to 22.— Dairy Show, Agricultural
Hall, London. Open Classes for Honey, etc.— Par-
ticulars, Secretary, Dairy Farmers' Association, 28,
Russell Square, London, W.C.I.

November 18.— Annual Show of tho Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Classes in Honey
Section.— Schediilee from Geo. Richlngs. 42, Bar-
bourne Road, WorccBter. ORntrlea close Novfm-

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word,

Will advertisers please read these Rules care-
fully in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honev, Que€ni,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l§d. per word as " Busl*
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 5s. per Jin... or 58. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMBNTS are' only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Qn6«ns
that aro reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in "The Bee Journal" entitle advertisers t» one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

WANTED, new Run Honey. — WYATT,
Bishopswood, Cliard, Somerset. h.l59

FOR SALE, two strong Stocks of healthy Bees
with brood and stores in 10-frame ihives, £5
each (deposit), free on rail.— C. LITTLE, Chester-
ton, Bicester. h.l60

}70R SALE.— What offers? S«ven Stocks of Bees
in W.B.C. hives, two Stocks of Bees in ekepS-,
May swarm. Can be seen by appointment —N. W.
GURNEY, Hollywood, Buckes Road, Beaconsfield.

h.l61

THREE Pedigree White Leghorn Cocks, 8s. 6d.
each, carriage extra. — W. WOODS, Normandy,
near Guildford . ^ - h.l63

FOR SALE, three strong Stocks' of Hybrids, one
on 11 standard frames, two on 10 each, £5 10s.
and £4 15*. each, respectively. Each stock in
large double-walled hive, free from disease; hives
with bees; carriage paid.— H. HAYTON, Lowca
Lane, Seaton, Workington, Cumberland. h.l64

FEW spare 1920 Italian-Dutcu Queens, 6s. 6d.
each.— J. STONELY, Wrexham. h.l65

SURPLUS APPLIANCES, Books, etc., for Sale,
property of gentleman giving up bee-keeping.
Particulars, stamp.— HOLMAN, Dunton Green,
Sevenoaks. . h.l66

S

ALE. 1920 Queens, one Italian, one Hybrid, 5s.
each.— HEWITT, Balne Avenue, Wakefield.

h.l67

FOR SALE, 14-lb. tin Taylor's Syrup, unopened,
10s. 6d.; also two Zinc Excluders, 16 x 16,
6'lightly use'd, 39.; no disease.— ABRAM, Blaken-
ham Mill, Ipswich. h.l68

STRONG Hybrid Italian Stocks on 8 or 10 frames,
£3 and £3 10s., free on rail.— TEMPLE,
Meads, Eastbourne. - h.l69

SIX STOCKS on 5 frames, Sladen's strain, 1920
Queens. 40s. each, carriage paid; boxes free.—
ERNEST WALKER, Spring Grove, Cobham,
Surrey, ^ h.l70

STRONG STOCK on 8 frames, 1920 Queens,
£2 15s.; liox 1». t<i., rpturn.iblc.—NORMA^.
40, Hownrds Lan*. Putnoy, S.W.15. h.lTl

Sept. 9, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

443

EIGHT-FRAME- STOCK with young Queen,
eplendid strain, £3; two young fertile Queene,
7s. 6d. each; 6-frame Stock, young Italian Queen,
50s.— FURBANK, 1, Whitefriars Road, King's
Lynn. h.l72

SURPLUS.— A few 6-frame Stocks, pure Italian
Penna's strain, 1930 Queens, crowded bees and
brood, 60s.; box 10s. extra, returnable.- FARROW,
Oarage, Staplefield Grange, Handcross, Sussex.

FOR SALE, about 35 Stocks and Swarms o,f
Hybrid Ligurian Bees on 8 to 10 frames and
Nuclei; mostly this year's Queens; excellent
workers.— REV. A. H. HALLEY, Crathie, Welling-
ton College, BerkB. r.h.79

EIGHT STOCKS on 10 frames, headed by 1920
Italian Hybrid Queens from same mother as
my 3-frame nuclei, but not purely mated; good,
hardy, disease-resisting stock reared on the East
Coast; £4 7s. 6d., carriage paid.— E. H. TUNMER,
" Chalfonts," Leiston, Suffolk. r.h.81

SURPLUS STOCKS.— Strong, healthy Bees,
immediate sale.— JEWITT, Heneall. Whitley
Bridge, Yorks. r.h.l35

FIVE HIVES strong, healthy Bees for Sale,
each hive containing at least 30 lbs. of honey;
owner leaving South; £6 ihive, or offer.— Broom-
lands, Limpsfield, Surrey. r.h.l42

LARGE EGG STRAIN.— White Wyandotte pedi-
gree Cockerels from 15s. 6d.— MISSES
COATES, Broadheath, Preeteign. r.h.l46

GOOD quality White Clover Honey for Sale,
£8 10s cwt. free tins, on rail; samples 6d. —
BARLOW, Stanley Terrace, Newcastle, Staffs.

h.l4?

SALE, or exchange for gent's clothing or any-
thing useful, eight Bee Hives in new con-
dition, large quantity of Sections, Frames, Glass,
Boxes, Jars, and all Appliances.- W. BERRf,
Carr Fields Farm, Chorley. h.l48

BUSiNsss advi:rtisz:m£1tts.

lid. -per ward.

FEW surplus Italiaoi Hybrid Queens, fertileo
7s. 6d., virgins 2s., by return.— JACK
TICKELL, Weetbourne Apiary, Cheltenham. h.l74

YOU CAN'T STOP the Masheath talking imme-
diately on delivery !— " Masheath to hand
safely August 30. Very well suited, design, work-
manship, excellent. Thanks for prompt business-
like way you dealt with my order. Bee-keeping
friends are highly impressed. Don't doubt you
will receive further orders from this locality the
very near future."— J. W. That's that.— ATKIN-
SON, Sole Maker, Fakenham. h.l76

GENUINE pure Golden Italian Queens, imported
direct from Penna. Can now supply per
return. lOO due in 14 daye. Prices while they last :
One Queen, 9s.; two, 17s.; three, 24s.; specially
selected, 10s. 6d. each.— GOODARE, Italian
Specialist, New Cross, Wednesfield. r.h.l77

-J ST AND SILVER MEDAL, Sections, Surrey
J- County Show. Entered hurriedly after some
best of crop had previously been consumed
(forgetful beggar!), won in a Masheath 16 x 10
Hive without excluders.— ilTKlNSON, Sole Maker,
Fakeuham. r.h.l75

FLAVINE CANDY.— 61b. packages, 10s.; postage
Is. 3d. Made in Cambridge under our super-
vision from the best white sugar.— S. H. SMITiH,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.h.87

CRAWLING DISEASE.-Reliable treatment for
curing and prevention; recipe 2s. 6d.— A. W.
SALMON, Cashfield, Chingford. r.h.l62

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, SOs.; box charged 10s., returnable;
6-frame Stocks, 706.; 8-irame Stocks, 90s. Imme-
diate delivery (weather permitting). Italian
fertile Queens, lOe. 6d. English Run Honey and
Sections wanted.— LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary,"
Burgess Hili, Sussex. r.g.ll4

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt deliveryi
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro>
duclng stock, August-September.— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. r.g.24

WIGHT '■ DISEASE, prevention and removal;
advice 5s.— ALP. RYALL, Cottage Farm, .
near Camp, Stroud. r.h.l24

SELECT TESTED QUEENS. — Three-banded
leather-coloured Italians, gentle, hardy and
prolific and disease resisting, one year old or less,
right in their prime, 10s. 6d.; also untested 1920
Queens, same price; safe arrival guaranteed.—
THE_ APIARY, Buckfast Abbey, S. Devon. r.h.l25

ISLE OF WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;
use the solution that cures; 2s. per bottle. —
E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.d.l49

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

ONEY FOR FEEDING BEES.— Finest West

Indian, tin of about 60 lbs., 688. 6d., carriage

paid 100 miles.— LONDON TRADING AGENCY,

32, St. Mary Axe, E.C.3. r.h.l34

FEW surplus 1920 Native and Hybrid Queens,
8s. 6d. each; bargain.— PEARSON & GALE,
Marlboro'. Ii.l40

STRONG 3-frame Nuclei, 25e., 78. 6d. per frame,
bees and brood, extra stocks; state require-
ments; healthy Driven Bees, lOs. 6d.-12s. 6d. per lot
with Queen; all cases 6s., returnable; 1920 Fertile
Queens, 69. 6d.-8s. 6d.— W. WOODS, Firs Apiary,
Normandy, near Guildford. h.l52

HEALTHY DRIVEN BEES, with Queen. 8s. per
lot, carriage paid, to clear; boxes returnable;
cash with order.— PULLEN, Ramsbury, Hunger-
ford^ h.l30

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE, "Marl-
borough. • h.l31

INSURS YOUR STOCKS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "YadU" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

444

THE BBITISH BEE JOtJENAL.

Sept. 9, 1920.

Preserve your Bees during
the Winter by feeding with

PINK BACTEROL
BEE CANDY

Manufactured by

HAWKES BROS., LTD.,
— Chelmsford, Essex —

Prices on application.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
ancTSold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Gel a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. Th*
"Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings. LONDON. E.C.2.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address:

Signor Gaetano Plana,
Castel San Pletro,
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific metbods.
Mr. W. Herrod-Heinpsall has
personally inspected the apiar\
and methods employed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PBICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,
9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaram-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B.B.I.''
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Piana has made arrangements that all comcdunicatiohs,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ." and
" B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C^.
Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars froni

W. H£BBOD-H£JIFSAI.I., 23. Bedford

Street, Strand, lK)2idon, W.C.2.

((

RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

The cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

Menley House, Hatton Garden, E.C 1.

DwB

EST CLEARING and
WINTERING BOARD,
SUPER CLEARER, &c.

A Necessity for all Bee-Keepers
all the year roiyid.

IVIEADOWS, SYSTON, LKTCESTKR.

8/

POST FBEE

Of the Author, S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. StlSSEX.

- SIMMINS "A MODERN BEE FARM"

Neiirly 500 pages. A few more copies at 8/-. Any further edition must cost 50% more

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

1 very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the tnanvfactvre of bee
appliances, and thtrefore my prices will be advanced 10% from May 10th. Books excepted.

POSITIVE FACTS, ju?te i^tk, 1920,

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back ot the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in i6 X lo frames.

Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY
Illustrated Lists free by vest.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Aoiary, BROMLEY, Kent.

Sept. 9, 1920. THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL. m_

Cbe Bee Ulorll

(Founded 1919.)

THE Select Committee appointed by the General Meeting
of members of CbC JlplS ClUb^ having decided on the issue
of THE BEE WORLD on business lines, the necessary reorgani-
sation for this purpose had to be completed before the second
volume of the magazine was started. This entailed a good deal of
work which is now successfully brought to a close.

On the 15th of September four numbers of THE BEE WORLD

will be simultaneously issued with the Business Prospectus. All
lovers of the magazine at home and abroad are invited to promptly

give the partisans and sycophants their only answer the maximum

possible working capital for ensuring the prosperity of a broad-minded
and a popular bee review of a national and international importance.

Offices:— Cbe J!pi$ glub, Benson, Oxon, €ugland.

[Annual Membership Fee, commencing June' 1920, lOS. 6d.]

BARGAINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING.

Blue Serge Trousers for Working Men 12/6
Blue Serge Trousers, as new .. .. 14/-
New Blue Serge Trousers, best quality .. 21/-
New Holeproof Trousers, highly recom-
mended .. .. r. 18/-

New Bedford Cord Breeches, Officers'

quality 42/-

New Cord Riding Breeches, strapped . . 22/6

Khaki Drill Troupers, Officers' quality . . 10/6
Khaki Drill Jackets with pockets,

Officers' quality » 10/6

Khaki Drill Trousers, ordinary .. .. 7/6

Khaki Drill Jackets, ordinary .. .. 7/6
New Blue Drill Overalls, complete with

pockets 12/6

New Oilskin Overcoats, extra quality .. 26/6

Army Waterproof Ground Sheets, 72 x 36, braee

eyelets, slightly soiled, 9/- for 2, 4 for 17/-.

Black Rubber Combination Cyclists' Suits, com-
plete'with Sou'wester, 20/-; cost Government
63/-.

New Heavy Workmen's Boots, 18/9 pair.

New Brown Boots, all sizes, 22/6; worth
double.

New Full-size Australian Wool Blankets, 21/-
eaeh.

New Pull-edze Australian Grey Blankets, 18/6
each.

New Full-size White Fleecy Blankets, 16/9
pair.

Selected Army Wool Blankets, all colours and
sizes, 1 2/- each.

Heavy Woollen Check Fringed Rugs, new,
22/6 each.

Heavy Woollen Check Motor Rugs, 30/- each.
Now is the time to buy Blankets; they will be very scarce and dear later.
WRITE TO-DAY FOR LIST OP KUMCEROUS OTHER BARGAIITS.

SACAR'S UNI7ERSAL STORES (Dept. 29), ARDWICK, MANCHESTER.

STANDARDIZE

BY USING

KENT DEWEY STANDARD FRAMES
AND KENT STANDARD HIVES

WHICH NEVER VARY.
SUPPLIED FROM STOCK. LIST FREE.

LONDON OFFICE:-39, WANDLE ROAD. S.W. 1 7.

w

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 9, 1920.

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at

•Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods.

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives.

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate

despatch.

CANDY. Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Send sugar vouchers

with order.

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION.

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used.

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an

Apiary," post free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appli ance Makers,
WORMIT, FIFE.

17=

£ee'$ Bee Sttpplies. s

flf In design, material and workman- X\

^ ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain W

the reputation of being your best and W

safest investment. w

a a 0 w

CI Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA- Q

^ LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the M

most up-to-date hives and appliances M

for which the House of Lee is famous, JX

0 0 0 Q

fT We regret the necessity of having O
1' to advise our Customers that owing J^
to the increased cost of production, all w
prices in 1920 -price list are subject to Q
10% increase. The increase will not ^
apply to orders received before May 10.
•*• Five per cent discount to Memberi of
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

LTD.,

(Telegrama : Grapkiciy. Uzbridge. Telephone: Uzbridge 181.)

PuNTKO 11 THi Atinui Pbias (L. Upcott Gux & Son, Lid.), 66^, Dbom Lake, Lomdo«, W.O., Avs
Poiuaaio fOB tBi'PBOPBiEroB (W. Hkbbod-Hempbiu.), n Simpkiw, Uaiuau, miiUMa,
Kuf k Co.. Ltd.. HAM. PiTiBHOinai Sow. a.a

fiBiTiSH Bbe Jotjrnu. AND Bee-kbepees' Advisek, September 16, 1920

T 1 3 1920

No. 1995. Vol. XLVIII

SEPTEMBER 16, 1920. iPuUished every Thursday. Price 2d.

COrtTMlTfiTS,

PAGE

Examination op Bees 445

A Dorset Yarn 445

HoNEV Imports 446

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 446

De Virginibus ...; 447

Notes from West Herts 448

Echoes from Cornwall 449

Notes prom Gretna Green :. 449

A Pew Remarks from Notts 449

Scottish Heather Honev Harvest 450

Somerset B.K.A 450

Corsham and District B.K.A 451

Correspondence—

Notes and Comments _^ 451

Feeding with Import-ed Honey 452

The Metal Foundation and the Metal Comb 453

Difficulties of Bee-keeping 453

Copies of B.B.J, for DiS'posal 453

Flowers of Sulphur for Bees 453

Notices to Correspondents 454

FOOD FOR BEES.

Owing to the continued bad weather there is a
likeHhood shortage this Winter. To prevent loss
of Stocks order at once TAYLOR'S renowned

SYRUP

In tins, 71b., 14 lb. and 28 lb. at 1/S per lb..
Carriage extra.

We are in a position to supply, without vouchers,

the best

CANDY

made from pure Sugar, plain or medicated, 1/6 lb.
Carriage extra.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

Telephone— WELWYN 13.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 16, 1920.

THE

iritish Bee JournaE

Office: 2.1, Bedford Street, Straad, London, Vf.C.i.
Established 1S73.

A W.^-ekl7 Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edltefl by T. W. COWAIT, F.I..S., &c.,
and J. HERROS-HEMPSAIiIi, F.E.S.

Ooppespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, A88ociation», Shows, etc., Bhoald be
addressed, " Editors, Britith Bet Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

ittl>»erlptionS. - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. poflt free in advance ; single copies
2i.,or 2^. post free. If a receipt is required
Ly post, a stamped and addressed envelope
MUist be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed,' otherwise it la very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in' payment if 6d. is added for oommission
charged by banks for caching them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer oorreapondents wishing for pricss or
catalogues to advsrtisers ia uxe paper:

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

You are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing with strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persont using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goads should mot be despatched until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— Wihen strangers are de^alinsr
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. II a sale be effected, we remit to the lyoller
the amount deposited, less a cir&rge of H
per cent. In the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &o. Oash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post OfBce) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers sf
tk» Postal Orders sihoald be kept by the sender.

W« oanast b« respooslbis for any loss thai ma^

seenr ia irsjurii.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey wiU b« sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In orderin^r. the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash pntil transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Qneeus.- These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carrlase.— The carriage of all goods, sxccpt
such a$ are »ent by pott, is payable b^ the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carnage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash In full must be sent with order.

Postage

A Modem Bee Farm 7/6 ... Bid.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)

AdvancedBeeCnlture
(Hdtchinson) 6/- ... ejd.

Beginner's Bee Book (PiLLErr) 5/- ... 4d.

BBB-KBEPING SIMPIiIFIED
FOR THE COTTAOBS AUD
SMAI.i:.HOI>BBR (W. Hee&OD-
Hbmpsau., F.E.S.) 1/- ... 2d.

BRITISH BEE - XEEFEBS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. CoWiN)

Paper covers 3/6 ... 3d.

Cloth) covers 3/6 ... 4d.

Dissectible Model of Queen
Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTII.ISATION OF FRUIT
BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hops) ... -/6 ... Id.

Honey Vinegar (Bet. O. Bancks) >/2 ... Id.

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock) 5/- ... 4id.

management of Out Aplaxles 3/- ... 2d.

Prevention of Swarming
(Wilkes) • 1/- ... Id:

Pollination of Fruit In rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hoopee, F.R.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.

PRODUCIITG, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Heerod-Hkmpsau., F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Queen Rearing In England
(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing
(Doolittlb) ... 4/- ... 3§d.

Snel grove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.

Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... IJd,

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.

MaeterUnck's life of the Bee 5/- ... 3d.
The liore of the Honey Bee

(TicENER Edw^aedes) 2/- ... 2^d.

THE BEE WORZiD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... lid.

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(TicKNEE Edwaedbs) 7/6 ... 44d.

British Bee Jonmal & Record OffieCf

18, Bbdfobd Stbbst, stbans Lohdov. W.d.'t.

Sept. 16, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

445

Examination ol Bees.

The Ministry of Agriculture informs us
that arrangements exist for the examina-
tion at the Ministry's Bee Disease Inves-
tigation Department of live bees sus-
pected of disease.

Bee-keepers who wish to have specimens
examined should pack them in accord-
ance with instructions given on a form,
a copy of which we give below,
and should answer the questions as fully
as possible. These answers should be en-
closed with the bees, or sent separately
direct to Dr. Helen Goodrich, Department
of Comparative Anatomy, Universit;'
Museum, Oxford, Bees should not be
sent to the Ministry of Agriculture, and
it must be noted that live bees only arc
of any use for microscopical examination ;
dead bees are useless for this purpose, as
decay sets in very rapidly after the bees
nave died. We again advise bees being
sent to Dr. H. Goodrich in preference to
our office. Our time is fully taken up
with other work, and while we are always
ready to give any help, or advice we can,
we are unable to carry out the bacterio-
logical examination with anything like the
skill and thoroughness given at iLo
Oxford University Museum.

MINISTRY OF AGRIGIJLTUEE AND
FISHERIES.

Examination of Live Bees Suspected of

Disease.

History of Stoch from which suspected

Bees were taken.

1. Origin of Stock.

2. Queen. Age. Whence obtained.

3. Has the stock been artificially fedP

4. Approximate amount of honey pro-
duced. Last year. This year.

5. First signs of disease. Symptoms.
Date.

6. Are there other cases of disease in
the neighbourhood?

7. Have you any clue as to when the
queen ceased laying?

8. Any other details.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR DESPATCH OF
LIVE BEES SUSPECTED OF
DISEASE.

1. Boxes for specimens should be stronr
(preferably of wood) and with ventilatio :
holes.

2. Any candy given should be wrapp-'i
in muslin and firmly fixed to the insi ' •
of the box.

3. A piece of muslin nailed across the
box gives the bees something to cling to
during transit,

4. After the bees have been put in, the
box should be closed and tied with string.

5. A label should be tied on, addressed
Dr. Helen Goodrich, Department of Com-
parative Anatomy, University Museum,
Oxford, with the name and address of
sender, crossed through to prevent an
error in the post, on the other side.

6. The details as to history should be
enclosed, or despatched separately.

A Dorset Yarn,

This has been a week of unloading sur-
plus, and Squire Tomlinson, of Wimborue
came up to help. Those stocks that had
not enough stores and were weak in num-
bers were given bai-s of stores and bars
of brood to make up the strength to go
over the long days of winter ; some of them
were immensely strong, a bar from each
would not be a great loss from twelve and
thirteen of them. It is of no use to leave
weak ones at our farm, they are sure to
be robbed out, and die fighting to defend
their stores.

Have had two skeps that wintered well
last winter ' cover two lots of ten bars
each; each of them was placed over the
new bars in May, and when furnished
with brood below and the queen in the
new bars, the skep was again placed on
ten more bars. Last Friday, when taking
stock, the skeps were full of stores, and
the bars below full of brood; the skeps
were taken away and the honey was run
out on Saturday. One of them was
Italians and one Blacks. Have been aim-
ing to get an increased apiary on new
bars; as some of our bars are many
years old, these will aU be used for ex-
tracting next season, and new ones placed
beneath the old.

We had a fine lot of well-filled sections,
but a great many were only partly
finished ; many are left on the stocks, only
the best filled will be sold, the bars were
of great weight. Seme visitors from
Basingstoke came to see the harvest of
honey, veteran bee-keepers. Some bars
were not all capped, proving to them that
the bees were still adding surplus stores
to the hives. All of them have had some
left, partly-filled sections, but where we
robbed them of a bar the winter cover
was placed directly over the brood cham-
ber. Some that were covered up a week
since, the bees have built comb over the
bars, and filled up the space to the glass
in the centre of covering board. This
is better than the usual strips across the

446

THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL. Sept. 16, 1920.

bars, and will give the bee way over the
bars for stores in winter.

Our Wimborne bee-keepers always follow
this plan of wintering with the covering
board with bee space over the bars. Mr.
Biitson has a 3-in. hole cut in the top
for a feeder. One lot of standard bars
that were not capped we have left on for
the winter above the brood nest, to see
what they do next season with such a
quantity of surplus.

The stocks that had wholly sections,
three of which have not swarmed at all
this season, have been the most profitable
this year, as tlie dairies gave me 2s. 6d.
each for them, and we have sold many
of the best at 3s. each.

It was interesting to see where many
of the drones were at this season; they
were all round the sides of the outer
case. AVe have a free way round the
brood chamber; the workers would not
have them in the brood nest to' eat the
honey — they had gone round the outside,
and when the lifts were off they flew away
out in the sunshine, I expect for the last
time, and as the workers would not let
them feed they must soon die. It shows
that the workers do' not kill them from
choice, but keep them away from stores
till they die. Yet at another hive one will
see the workers hauling them away from
the entrance with great pertinacity, as
some of the males are very strong.

We have plenty of food for our bees
close by the stocks. Raspberries are in
flower in many thousands, and they will
be able to fill up the empty cells in quick
time. A visitor from Ireland was sur-
prised to see these all in blossom just now.
The success with bees is where there is
food in plenty for them at all times. In
May ours did well, and I was able to
take out sections from many of the hives
and give them new ones before the whole
rack was complete. In June and July
the rain spoilt the collecting, but this
month of fine weather has been a good
time for our lot.

'' Everything comes to him who waits,"
so the harvest came late in the season for
us, but it was a good one when it came.
Another distinguished visitor the last
Aveek was Mr. W. Herrod Hempsall, the
.secretary of the B.B.K.A.; it was kind of
him to come to the farm on his tour
through the South. — J. J. Kettle.

Honey Imports.

The registered value of honey imported
into the United Kingdom during the
month of August, 1920, was £27,905.—
From a return furnished by the Statistical
Office of H.M. Customs.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Mr. Kettle generally manages to give
us of his best when " the silly season " is
here. I am not so fortunate. In fact,
the season has so affected me that I have
been scribbling some doggerel verse. Per-
haps it will draw a smile. I am in that
condition of having heaps to say, but
am. unable to say it — one has an addled-
brain feeling at times. Phew 1 how hot
it is. Dog days; surely July is upon us?
No, I am wrong. As I look out and see
the stubbled fields, the browning pasture,
the hips and haws dead ripe, and the
trees clothing themselves with the softest
tints of yellow and gold, I know autumn
is near. The bees are almost chirping
with delight. Unless troubled with
robbers, they are sparing every available
worker to go and gather nectar. One
quite small lot which I had got in a box
ready for uniting up gathered 11^ ozs.
in one day. A field of mustard flower is
offering the bees a liberal gathering
ground. Howbeit, I shall feed up, for
the bees, knowing more about it than I
do, keep telling me that we have a
longish winter to face, so I .mustn't fail
them. Dr. Strong, I see, is bringing me
to task about drones which enter wrong
hives being pitched out unless the hive is
queenless. What have I said that ought
not to be said? Surely Dr. Strong is
aware that the only hives which welcome
strange drones or keep their own after
"turning out time" are hives devoid of
a queen, or those decimated by disease.
In an apiary where every colony is
healthy and queened, drone expelling is
done by a system — one hive starts, the
rest follow suit, and drones are littered
about everywhere. At the time of the
year when drones are being bred it is
true a strange drone might be admitted
to another hive, but not without an
escort. Drones pal up — in other words,
drones from one hive pal ^^p with those
of another, and accept invitations to
dine, and thus enter strange hives, but
not otherwise ; bwt I am letting the cat
out of the bag. I said some time back
I had something to say about drones
later on. I must keep it all for one
article; and now for the doggerel: —
Most people keeping honey bees,
Know well the nature of the breed,
That when they're handled by their

boss,
And feel a great delight to tease —
Their owner caring not a toss,
Can smile upon their venomed sting.
As if there scarce were such a thing.
The insects, not to be outdone,
Look round about for painful fame.
Alas! some lady, standing near,
Begins to shout : " Bee in my hair " I

Sept. 16, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

447

Ah, a bee in the bonnet's a bad enough

thing,
But nought to a bee in the hair.

The other day a message came :

Do come and help us clear away

A swarm of bees, which 'neath the

slates
Of a cottage porch have come to stay.
With prodder, smoker, cloth and veil,
I climbed upon the sun-baked roof,
And started prizing up a nail,
And wished my hands were hard as

hoof.
The bees came out in buzzing crowd —
And saw me there on robbing bent,
Said naughty things, showed me their

stings,
" Clear off," I said; and off they went.
Just where they went I could not tell,
Until an awful, fearful yell
Of "Murder! quick! come here! come

here ! !
There's a bee in my hair! there's a

bee in my hair ! ! ! "
Revealed that they had gone to see
A lady farther down. I swear
That a bee in a bonnet, though a sad,

sad thing,
Is nought to a bee in the hair.

" When ere I take my walks abroad "

(That's one of Dr. Watt's remarks),

I find among the honey flies

Some very naughty, gay young sparks.

A lady resting 'neath some trees.

Engrossed in Methuen's latest book,

While o'er a wall a man of bees.

Within his hive just went to look.

A sting or two upon his hands

Produced no tremble, quake or fear.

So out for fun right o'er the wall

Flew bees to try to draw a tear,

That they succeeded all too well,

Is what I'm going to relate.

For after many shrieks and screams

That lady entered " weeping state."

Between her sobs we just could hear

That a bee had got into her hair.

A bee in a bonnet's a troublesome

thing.
But nought to a bee in the hair.

A tennis party once was on,

And balls were flying everywhere.

Then one got lost, and all began

Trying to find its hiding lair.

" It is a thing, well known to most.

That when so e'er a thing is lost.

We seek it ere it come to light

In every cranny but the right."

So many people looking round

Roused the curious mind of a honey

bee ;
And ere the missing ball was found,
That worker — well, of course, for spree,
Just settled, truly, I <ieclarej

Within a lady's auburn hair.
A shout, a cry, a piercing yell,"
The rest — I'd rather not just now tell.
For a bee in the bonnet's a fearsome

thing.
But nought to a bee in the hair.

E. F. Hemming.
Steeple Gidding,

De Virginibus.

Re-queening with virgins is an excel-
lent way of heading a number of colonies
with high-class stock at a very low cost.
The drawback is the uncertainty which is
usually felt as to the ultimate result of
the operation. And yet when the rules of
the game are properly understood, it is
just about as easy to get virgins accepted
as fertile queens.

Some people find it extraordinarily
difficult to introduce virgins to estab-
lished stocks or nuclei. Sladen, whose
book on queen-rearing is the British
classic on the subject, says that it is not
advisable to make the attempt, as too
many virgins get killed.

Formerly I followed Sladen 's practice
of always giving a queen-cell after taking
away a fertile queen. Of late, however,
I have used the virgins almost exclusively,
and find fewer failures than with the
queen-cells.

Re-queening with virgins has one great
recommendation ; you see beforehand
what kind of queen you are giving to
your stock. When a queen-ceW is in-
serted, any kind of queen may come
forth : perhaps a first-grade one, perhaps
only a third or fourth grade. Whatever
it is, you are in a manner committed to
that queen. But by allowing the virgins
to hatch in a nursery, the very best only
need be used, for the quality of the
queens can be seen from the first.

It must be remembered that all virgins
from the same mothet- are not of the
same class by any means. And this is
through no fault of the stock queen. Mr.
Bowen, in " Cotswold Notes," complains
that the bad weather of July changed the
colour of his queens, rendering them
darker than those reared when the
weather was fine. I did not find it affect
mine in that way ; on the contrary I have
this summer bred some of the brightest
Ligurian queens that I have seen. One
example in particular is devoid of mark-
ing of any kind, and is almost the coun-
terpart of an American Golden, except-
ing that the colour is clear lemon yellow
instead of orange red.

The amount of nourishment provided,
and more particularly the amount of heat
during incubation, has, I find, an import-
ant influence on the colour of queens. In
a row of, eay, fifteen queen-pells, the two

448

THE BBITISH BEE JOUENAL. Sept. 16, 1920.

at each end are nearly sure to be the
darkest in colour, the two next them not
quite so dark, while those in the centre
of the row, and consequently in the
warmest part of the hive, are of the
brightest yellow. I have therefore dis-
continued giving long rows of queen-cells,
preferring three rows of ten to two rows
of fifteen. (Which seems to confirm Mr.
Bowen's conclusion, that in warm weather
the queens will be lighter in colour. —
Eds.]

If everything is all right it is the easiest
thing in the world to get virgins accepted
by established stocks. If the stock, the
virgin, and the yreather are all exactly
suitable it is possible to pick the fertile
.queen off a comb, then go to the nursery
and lift a virgin and drop her on the
oomb where the fertile queen was, close
the hive, and at the end of about three
weeks find her a laying queen. I have
not a few fine queens which were intro-
duced in that way,

. But it is not often that all the condi-
tions are exactly favourable, and some
kind of caging is generally necessary.

The best cage is the old pipe-cover.
Put the virgin under this on plenty of
honey and pollen, and leave her for three
days. At the end of this time open the
hive quietly, using no smoke, and see
whether the bees are going to receive her.
If the omens are favourable, let her run
down, and close the hive gently. If un-
favourable, leave her caged and try next
day. In very bad cases it may be neces-
sary to wait till the fifth day before she
will be gladly accepted.

On the day after the queen has been re-
leased, open the hive again as gently as
possible. Do this about the middle of the
day when all the field bees are absent,
and only a few youngsters are at home.
As soon as the queen is glimpsed replace
everything gently, and leave that hive
severely alone for at least a fortnight.

That is where most apiarists go wrong ;
they will hunt up the virgin to see if she
is all right, and by their anxiety produce
the very calamity they are so anxious to
avoid. But if she has been seen the day
after her introduction she will be all
right; if the bees had been going to kill
hor, they would have done so on the first
day. She has been accepted, and barring
the ordinary accidents attending honey-
moons, will be all right if left alone.

It is different with a fertile queen. In
a day or two after her introduction it is
g(>nerally quite safe to hunt her up, to
admire hor, and note how her eggs and
brood are developing. But with a virgin,
any interference from the day when she
is ready for her first mating trip to the
day when she lays her first eggs, ia
usually fatal.

I admit it is very hard at times to keep
from interfering. Particularly so to the
queen-rearer, who has had all his nuclei
and mating boxes filled with virgins, and
sits looking out at the rain and the cold,
gloomy skies, which have kept them in-
doors perhaps for weeks; and who knows
th;t the next post will bring him angry
letters demanding to know why the queen
thit the writer ordered by return of post
dij not arrive at the appointed hour.

] say it is very hard to refrain from
having just one look. Perhaps that vir-
gin there, which has been out to mate for
thret^ weeks, may now be fertilised, and
the means provided of stilling at least
one insistent voice. There is a stealthy
glance, a sharp hi^s, a more or less suc-
cessful attempt at rescue, but the result
is always the san e — a dead virgin outside
next morning.

That in my ex^>erience is the heart of
the problem of successful re-queening
with virgins. It is easy to get them in-
troduced, it is easy to get them accepted.
It is not easy to let them alone, — Hugh
HoTJBTON, Sidcup.

Notes from West Herts.

I' have never known such a bad honey
season in this district as it has been this
year, I have not taken more than three
pounds of honey from all my eleven hives,
and, at the present time, most of the
stocks are devoid of stores. All the
supers have been taken off, and I am feed-
ing as fast a.: the bees will take the syrup
down. Most of the bee-keepers in this
neighbourhood are in the saffle plight, and
only the fortunate have secured any sur-
plus. A friend of mine has even ].)st two
stocks — a late swarm and a fTOvcrnment
nucleus — from starvation. In Scotland 1
think the conditions are just as bad, and
of the bee-keepers I visited while on a
holiday there, all had the same tale to
tell, " no^surplus honey,'' the summer had
been too wet and cold. Nearly every
house c" o.';ftage nenv Aberdeen had some
hives standing in the garden, r.nd, as I
passed in the train up the valleys of the
Dee and Don, through thh beautiful land
of heather, it was the rxception to see a
garden without its nut row of modern
hives. All the bees I paw were blacks, and
I did not notice a s'nglo yellow be."",

I chanced to be wandering through
Barnet Fair on the f^aturday, and, whilst
passing a sweetstuft stall, I noticed a
number of bees sucking the sweet jiice
from the ends of some .sticks of pepper-
mint. Even at 8 p.m,, as it was growing
dusk, there were si '11 some bees and wasps
buzzing round t!u^ sweets. It is curious
how late bees v\ "11 work when there is

Sept. 16, 1920. THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

449

plenty of honey, or other suhstance, for
them to gather. At present the evenings
are so cool and draw in so quickly that
there are very few bees flying from my
hives after 7 p.m., except on very warm
and sunny days.

To-day (Sunday), on the alighting board
of one of the hives, I spied a wasp at-
tempting to carry off the dead body of a
bee, but, the weight was too much, and it
could not rise from the ground. It then
proceeded to cut through the joint, con-
necting the body to the head, with its
strong jaws, and I could hear the latter
snapping as it worked away. After a
short time it had severed the body in two,
and carrying a portion a short distance it
hung upside down by one of its hind legs
from a leaf of a plant while it readjusted
its load with its other legs. At that
moment I. hapiiened to be too eager
endeavouring to watch its movements, and
disturbed the plant from which it was sus-
pended, and it flew up into the air and
l^assed out of sight. — W. H. Needham.

Echoes from Cornwall.

August is rapidly nearing its end, and
yet in these parts practically no surplus
has been secured. Our stocks will have
just about enough to carry them safely
through the coming winter without much
feeding. Swarms have been numerous,
and many are still coming off, far too late
to be of any service as separate stocks,
and returning them to the parent hive
is the most profitable. I have just re-
turned from a visit to a farmer friend
of mine whose stocks I looked over this
morning. The brood chambers were well
stocked with honey, and the greatest
number of bees I have seen, stock after
stock crowded from back to front, a seeth-
ing mass, and oh ! such fiery tempered
little vixens as I have ever met. They
simply delighted in plastering my hands
with stings. My poor hands are about
three times their normal size. For-
tunately, my veil stood me in good stead,
or else, well, I shouldn't be writing this.
If I had bees of that temperament I
should soon be trying experiments I
reckon ; they were simply awful, and as
my friend hadn't been too careful about
the spacing of the frames in the brood
chamber and hadn't looked at them for
the season, the result was combs braced,
etc., and my parting them to get things
a bit more ship-shape did not improve
the bees' tempers, and they were nothing
loth to let me know it.

"I.O.W." disease appears to have
about run its course this way. Has any
brother bee-keeper given Flavino an ex-
tended trial on diseased stocks? and, if

so, with what result? It certainly arrests
the disease temporarily.

Since writing the above, the weather
Las settled in very dull, and as cold as
one might expect in December, and the
bees are keeping indoors.

I notice quite a number of apple trees
blooming again, also arabis in flower ;
everything seems topsy-turvy this year. —
A. D. Bennett, Redruth, August 23.

Notes from Gretna Green.

That one week of sunshine in late Au-
gust filled the hives with heather honey
and averted the menace of a big sugar bill.
The season was rather far advanced to
expect much in the way of surplus, but
had the honey flow lasted a few days more
some fair returns would have been
secured.

In the case of united forces on eight
combs of brood, two racks were filled in
a week, but a sudden change in the
weather left most of the sections in a
partly sealed condition, and in one hive,
where the two racks weighed over 50 lbs.
gross, only 15 sections were fully sealed.
The season has been a very unsatisfactory
one, and the total surplus of six spring
stocks rather less than I have often had
from one. However, matters might have
lieen worse, and as I have increased the
six to twelve strong colonies, 100 per cent,
capital appreciation is some consolation
for the small dividend earned by my bee
stocks in 1920. J. M. Ellis.

A Few Remarks from Notts.

The flow is over in this part of the
country. I say " flow," but as a. matter
of fact, there has not been one here this
season. Strong stocks did well in May,
but since then there has been nothing
doing owing to the bad weather, which has
been one long spell of cold and wet.
Stocks that had nothing in the supers
have had to be fed for some time now.
It has been the worst season I have known
in all my experience, and many bee-
keepers will have a loss on the year's
working.

I can't help envying friend Kettle of
the weather conditions he has been enjoy-
ing in Dorset. If he had had the same
sample that we have here, the bees would
not have stored anything in shallow
combs, let alone sections, for the simple
reason that they have not been able to
get anything to put in them. However,
" Hope springs eternal in the human
brea.st," and we are hoping for better
things next year.

A sharp look-out should be kept for

450

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 16, 1920.

robbing now that bees are flying freely
and nectar is scarce. A gentleman asked
me to go and look at his bees last week
as they were robbing. One stock had
been cleared right out of stores, and the
population reduced to less than half,
through fighting;

This vice is not easy to stop once it
gets real hold, and the best policy is to
" nip it in the hud ' ' by reducing en-
trances according to the strength of the
stock inside. Above all, don't leave even
the scent of any syrup or honey about in
the daytime, and do all the feeding at
dusk. Hives should not be opened in the
middle of the day if it can be avoided.

T have noticed one or two little
" scraps " in my apiary, but nothing of
a serious nature has occurred. I paid
dearly for my experience some years ago,
and am now always on the alert when
the "flow" is declining. — H. Morton
Lowe, Chilwell, Notts.

Scottish Heather Honey
Harvest.

The honey hiarvest this year has been a
most uncertain one. In some districts
there has been a fair crop, but in most
parts of the country the sunless, wet
summer meant the starvation of bees and
the loss of many stocks. There has
seldom been such a good show of bloom,
continuing so long; but the cold nights
prevented the distillation of nectar. Most
of the shows, therefore, have had compara-
tively few entries, and the honey has not
been so fine as usual. On the mountains
and moors heather is most luxuriant in
many places, but the stocks of bees are
not in good trim for storing the honey,
although, perhaps, where the bees are
strong, should the nights be warm and the
weather favourable, sufficient nectar may
be stored to keep the bees through the
winter.

In conFiequence of these facts, there will
be comparativelv little heather honey on
the market. The reports received from
all quarters by the Scottish Bee-keepers'
Association show that the price of iirst-
grade lieather honey in coml) or in jars
will be 42s. per dozen wholesale, or 4s.' 6d.
per pound retail. These are the prices
which can be obtained at the honey depots
in Edinl)urgh, Dundee, and Perth; but,
natui-allv. in some districts where the de-
mand is greater, higher prices will be
expected and may be obtained. By the
end of September a further and fuller
report may be issued. Meantime, Ave fear
that 1020 must be set down as a poor
honey year, as regards both the clover
and the heather harvest.— Communicated.

Somerset Bee-Keepers* Association

The annual show of the above Associa-
tion was held at Taunton in connection
with the Taunton Deane Flower Show,
on August 12.

Owing to the unfavourable season the
number of exhibits was mii<ih smaEer
than usual, but the quality of the honey
shown was in most cases excellent.

During the afternon demonstrations
in the bee tent were given by Mr.
L. Bigg-Wither, lecturer to the Somer-
set County Council.

Mr. T. W. Cowan, F.L.S., P.G.S., and
Mr. L. Bigg-Wither acted as judges, and
made the following awards: —
Open Classes.
Twelve 1 lb. Bottles Extracted Honey.
— 1, W. Peirce, North Petherton, Somer-
set; 2, G. Greedy, West Monkton, Taun-
ton.

Twelve 1 lb. Sections. — No entries.
Single 1 lb. Bottles Extracted Honey. —

1, G. Greedy; 2, J. H. Oldfield, Laughton,
Rotherham; 3, W. A. Withycombe, The
Docks, Bridgwater; 4, W. Peirce; h.c,
E. W. Sherwood, Nether Wallop.

Single 1 lb. Section. — 1, G. Greedy;

2, W. Peirce; 3, Miss M. B. Debenham,
Buckland St. Mary, Chard.

Exhibit of an Educational or Scientific
Nature. — 1, the Rev. G. H. Hewison,
Marr Vicarage, Doncaster.
Classes Open to Members of the Associa-
tion and Residents in Somerset.

Collection of Six 1 lb. Sections and Six
1 lb. Bottles.— 2^ G. Greedy.

Beeswax (not less than ^ lb.). — 1, G.
Greedy; 2, W. Peirce; 3, W. A. Withy-
combe.

Observatory Hive, with Bees. — 1, W.
A. Withycombe.

Two Shallow Frames of Comb Honey. —
1, F. W. Penny, Taunton; 2, G. Greedy;

3, W. Peirce.

Honey Products. — 1, W. Peirce; 2,
W. A. Withycombe.

Three Bottles of Granulated Honey. —
1, W. A. Withycombe.

Six 1 lb. Sections. — 1, H. Hickloy,
Taunton; 2, G, Greedy; 3, Miss M. B.
Debenham.

Six 1 lb. Bottles Extracted Honey
(light or medium). — 1, W. A. Withy-
combe; 2, W. Peirce; 3, Mrs. W. J.
Villar, Taunton.

Six 1 lb. Bottles of Dark Honey.— 1,
W. A. Withycombe.

Novice Classes.

Three 1 lb. Sections— 2, Migs M. B.
Debenham.

Three 1 lb. Bottles. — No entries.

The challenge honey pot, presented by
the chairman of the S.B.K.A., Lieut. -
Col. H. F. Jolly, for the highest aggre-

Sept. 16, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

451

gate of points in the show was won by
G. Greedy.

The special prizes offered by T. S.
Penny, Esq., J. P., open to members of
the Taunton Division only, were won by
G. Greedy, 1; Miss M. Debenham, 2; H.
Hickley, 3. — (Communicated.)

Show at Cannock.

The Cannock and District Horticultural
and Agricultural Society held their 22nd
annual show on August 14 and 16.

The honey classes were well filled with
some 80 entries.

The judges, Messrs. H. C. Barlow, New-
castle, Staffs., and J. Kendrick, Stone,
reported the general quality of honey as
excellent, and several of the exhibits were
the finest they had seen for some years.
The following were their awards: —
Open Classes.

6 lb. jars Light Honey.— 1, M. Par-
trige, Cannock; 2, E. Jacques, Lichfield;
3, B. Warren, Shifnal, Salop.

6 lb. Sections. — 1, G. Evans, Newport;
2, G. Gripton, Bromstead; 3, A. E. War-
Ten, Bucks.

6 lb. jars, Medium. — 1, W. P. Vassie,
Althorne, Essex; 2, A. Berrisford, Can-
nock; 3, G. Mvtton, Lichfield.

6 lb. jars, Dark.— 1, A. E. Warren; 2,
E. Jacques; 3, J. H. Oldfield, Rotherham.

6 lb. jars, Granulated. — 1. M. Partrige;
2, A. E. Warren; 3, H. J. Bryan, Can-
nock.

^ lb. Beeswax.— 1, G. Evans; 2, E.
Jacques; 3, A. Berrisford.

Frame of Honey. — 1, A. Pegg, Cannock;
2, G. Mytton; 3, A. Berrisford.

Honey Cake. — 1, Mrs. J. Halls, Can-
noct; 2, A. E. Warren.

Local Classes.

6 lb. jars Light Honey. — 1, M. Par-
trige; 2, A. Berrisford; 3, A. Pegg.

6 lb. jars, Medium. — 1, H. J. Bryan;
2, M. Partrige.

3 lb. jars, Granulated.— 1, M. Partrige;
2, A. Berrisford.

6 lb. jars of Honey (Special Prize). — 1,
A. Pegg; 2, A. Berrisford.

M. Partrige secured the Staffs. Bee-
Keepers' Association Silver Medal, and A.
Berrisford the Bronze. — (Contributed.)

Gorsham and District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

On August 2.*^ the members were very
kindly invited to tea at Biddestone by
tbe president, Admiral Sir C. Briggs, to
which about seven members responded,
llie president then conducted those pre-
sent round his apiary, and a very inte-
resting time was spent there.

A meeting was afterwards held, when it
was decided to applv for a more suitable
site for the Association apiary.

The members expressed their pleasure
by passing a cordial vote of thanks to
Sir Charles and Lady Briggs for their
kindness.

The next meeting was fixed for Sep-
tember 25. — Communicated.

The EditoTB do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Notes and Comments.

[10269] Before the thunders which
you predict (10274) descend, may I sug-
gest that apologists, or protagonists, if
you like it better, of the B.B.K.A. should
produce a few facts. No doubt it is com-
forting both to you and others to abuse
me, and I really don't mind in the least,
but it seems rather waste of energy and
paper space, doesn't it? The trouble is
that I do not know of anything worth
while that this Association has done.
Does any one else?

One of the difficulties in this matter is
that directly one challenges the "system,
every one who favours it at once makes
it a personal matter. " What good men
the Council are," etc., etc. From this
eternal evasion of the point a mere out-
sider is apt to get the idea that these
men have the whole thing in their
pocket, and mean to keep it there. I
don't say they have ; I merely say that
this is the firm opinion of many, and I
ask for refutation.

The Association is not popular, as wit-
ness its wretched membership. The
greater its popularity the greater its
membership, and the greater its member-
ship the greater its wealth and power.

If you want to see how popular it is,
make the subscription £1 instead of 5s.

However, as I say, just trot out a few
facts about it. It's quite time. We
don't want pious opinions or generali-
ties, but faHs.

Mr. Judge (1926.3). I know nothing
of tbe " hard, uphill struggle of the
B.B.K.A." I should judge they are
pretty close to the bottom of the hill now.
This letter is " just what we do not

452

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 16, 1920.

want." He Bays: " Where would bee-
keeping be to-day, etc." Well, why does
he not say where — — if be kiiows?

The last sentence in his first paragraph
is, I suppose, a cut at the Apis Club ;
but if Mr. Judge is not man enough to
say what he means, I canH answer him.
Next paragraph. Be a large late
stimulated young population saving food.
I know nothing of the sort, and neither
does Mr. Judge or any one else.

I fail to see any difference whatever
between loss of a stock by robbing and
by. " I.O.W." disease, except that rob-
bing usually upsets the whole apiary.

The statement made at the beginning
of paragraph 3 is entirely wrong, and
quite contrary to fact. Even if the
British standard frame was produced
under the circumstances described it is
of no moment, because the bees are quite
diflFerent now.

The British Standard frame is exactly
the opposite in every way from Mr.
Judge's description. I cannot find a
better description than that. — Yours
faithfully, R. B. Manlet.

[Mr. Manley's ideas must be strangely
warped. So far as we are concerned, we
certainly have not abused him, nor did
we suggest for a moment that anyone else
had, or that " thunders would descend
upon him. " We merely refrained from
any comment on his letter as we were cer-
tain our readers would make their own
and come to their own conclusions as to
the value of his opinions, and. whatever
Mr. Manley may do, it is surely possible
to make comments without indulging in
abuse. It is not the least use giving any
"facts," whatever he may mean by that.
We have mentioned just one — the insur-
ance scheme — and all the effect it had on
Mr. Manle^ was to provoke the retort that
the B.B.K.A and ourselves were patting
each other on the back. Mr. Manley and
other critics of the B.B.Iv.A. forget one
thing — that its work has been, and is now,
educational. We do not say that bee-
keeping in this country cannot be further
improved, but to whatever position it has
attained, and it is no mean one, is due
mainly, if not wholly, to the work of the
B.B.K.A., and we do not take the narrow-
minded view that the B.B.K.A._ consists
of a d07>en members of the Council, bntit
means the whole of the affiliated associa-
tions. Educational work docs not lend
itself to a display of fireworks, but this
work is being carried on quietly and effec-
tively by the parent society and the affili-
ated associations. We are quite aware that
Mr. Manley will dub this as futile. The
trouble with him is he has already made
up his mind, and it is closed to anything
anyone may say. He can only argue — to

reason is beyond him. It is only necessary
tO' read the above letter to verify that
statement. ^

The membership of the Association is
still growing, both in direct membership
and affiliated members. Has. Mr. Manley
the remotest idea how large the total is?
His suggestion to test its popularity by
making the subscription £1 is puerile.
No doubt, if that was done, he would be
one of the first to say the Association
wished to exclude the ordinary working-
man bee-keeper.

We have neither time nor space to
traverse all the letter, but we ask our
readers to study it carefully, and not only
this, but all that Mr. Manley has written
regarding the B.B.K.A., and see if they
can find one single helpful suggestion; so
far as we can see, there is nothing but
carping criticism.

Re Mr. Judge's last sentence in first
paragraph of his letter (10278), page 429, •
we did not and do not for a moment take
it as having any reference whatever to the
Apis Club. We have no knowledge that
the club has " fizzled out." It is still
going on, and we hope it will continiie to
prosper. We believe the remark is meant
in general, and does not refer to any par-
ticular organisation. We are extremely
sorry if it has given anyone the impression
of a veiled attack on the Apis Club, or if
it has done it the slightest harm. Needless
to say, had we the least idea it mould have
been taken that way, the blue pencil
would have been used, especially as Mr.
Judge asked us to delete anything objec-
tionable.

Third par from the bottom. Can Mr.
Manley see any difference between an epi-
demic of small-pox and a famine, except
tliat the latter is apt to lead to food riots?

For the rest, we hope that until Mr.
Manley has some practical stiggestions to
make, and will indicate how the means
for carrying them out are to be obtained,
he will not occupy time and space in quite
futile criticism "of the B.B.K.A. or its
work. It is doing no good, even to him-
self.— Eds.]

Feeding with Imported Honey.

[10290] Ee Query 9907, you might be
interested to know that last year I win-
tered four nuclei, of four frames each, fed
with imported honey, and the trial was
an unqualified success, and as 1920 has
been such a bad season I propose feeding
all my stocks on similar food early this
autumn. The honey was boiled, mixed
with water, and medicated, as you advise
in B.B.J, of August 19. The cost of the
honey being so much less than sugar, and
the results so satisfactory, I have no hesi-
tation in recommending it.— C. A. Ekins.

Sept. 16, 1920,

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

453

The Metal Foundation and the
Metal Comb.

[10291] I read with much surprise Mr.
Manley's comments on the metal founda-
tion and the metal comb, which he dis-
misses with a wave of the hand.

Regarding the former, a detailed addi-
tion to my last communication is need-
less. In fact, it was in a sense hardly
necessary, seeing that its contents were
well known to many of your interested
readers. The growing interest of practi-
cal business bee-keepers in the matter,
although they are perfectly aware of what
we have done, despite our small means,
and of what we are still unable to do,
sufliciently shows that we are not gener-
ally thought to be embarking on a mad
adventure. - -

I did not have the pleasure this season
of showing Mr.^ Manley more than two
ordinary specimens — one of which did not
Substantiate his statement, and the other
partly did — for reasons already discussed
in ibe last volume of the Journal and also
in iho Bee World. No data were asked
for; .niid as I did not think he was sufl&-
cientlj. interested in the tests, no serious
discussioii, therefore, was made.

After branding over two years in close
study of tbo artificial comb, and especially
of the metr.i comb, I cannot help saying
that were tbe latter a complete failure in
the brood cl) amber (which is far from
being the ca=r, especially under English
conditions), it ivould still be worth a mine
of gold, in v'ew of its established utility
for surplus hnr.sy. — A. Z. Abushady.

Difficulties of Bee-Keeping.

[10292] I sympathise very deeply with-
your correspondent, Mr. Richard H.
Amies (No. 10287, Journal dated Sep-
tember 9).

B<-t-. -keepers in Preston are experiencing
trouble, but of a difPerent nature to that
lie complains of.

The season has been most unsatisfactory,
and a very small quantity of honey has
been taken from my six stocks. At the
beginning of August, all supers (mostly
empty) were removed from the hives, but
during the month practically no honey has
been stored in the brood chambers, and
I found it necessary to feed with sugar.
Application was made to the Education
Department at Preston, and a form was
provided by them. After declaring the
number of my stocks and returning this
form to them a permit was posted on to
me authorising the Food Controller in
Preston to allocate to me 84 lbs. of sugar.
After requesting me to furnish the name
of my sugar supplier, they sent to me
a blue form, whidi stated that I was to

present the vouchers attached to my
sugar supplier. The vouchers were pre-
sented to the sugar supplier, and I was
informed that the price would be Is. 5d.
per lb.

Now this is the unsatisfactory part of
the business. Free sugar is Is. 5d. per
pound. Any Tom, Dick and Harry can
buy free sugar at Is. 5d. per lb., no
vouchers necessary. A neighbour told
me on Friday, September 11, that his
wife had bought free sugar at Is. 3d.
The price has come down.

Now, Mr. Editor, what was the use of
these Government Forms? I have gained
nothing by spending about Is. in postage
stamps, and lots of trouble and waiting;
on the other hand, I have lost 84 two-
pences, equals 14s., owing to purchasing
before the price came down.

Who, and where is the friend of the
lonely bee-keeper? — Joseph Whitehead.

[The " free ' ' sugar is only hroivn, and
not suitable for bee food. We have seen
some as low as lOd. per lb. All
white sugar — and white sugar only should
be used for feeding bees — is still under
Government control, and for the benefit
of numerous inquirers as to price, can
only be supplied at the price charged to
manufacturers of confectionery, etc..
Is. 5hd. per lb. This may vary to the
extent of |d. either way in different
localities. White sugar for domestic pur-
poses is rationed and subsidised ; the
price is Is. 2d. — Eds.]

Copies of B.B.J, for Disposal.

[10293] I have had many applica-
tions for the unbound volumes of The
British Bee Journal which I offered to
give away, far more than I can possibly
satisfy, and still they come !

Perhaps some others of your readers
may like to follow my lead by oflFering
any back volumes they may happen to
possess if they do not keep them for
reference or binding. It costs nothing
but the trouble of making them, into
parcels and taking them to the post office
or railway station.

Bees are very short of food round here ;
some have not a drop of honey in the
hive. May I warn all readers, especially
beginners, to look well to this matter,
■and to lose no time about it. — L. Illing-

Flowers of Sulphur for Bees.

[10204] Some time back I noticed in
your columns that a bee-keeper recom-
mended flowers of sulphur for " Isle of
Wight " disease. Since then I have seen
an experiment made on the lines advo-
cated, and am sending you the result in
the hope that it may be of some use to

454

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 16, 1920.

others. I may say in passing that I have
been fortunate enough to keep my forty
hives quite free from disease thus far,
but I have a friend who had a hive of
badly -diseased bees. One sunny after-
noon, when most of the healthy bees were
out gathering honey, my friend, with the
aid of the bellows, blew flowers of sul-
phur into the hive. Next day he examined
the colony and found that the queen
and all the diseased bees had been
smothered, only healthy bees now occu-
pying the hive. The hive was cleaned
and a new queen introduced. This took
place about six weeks ago, and since
then there had been no sign of disease,
the bees being quite healthy and, rapidly
increasing in numbers. They now cover
eight combs, with brood in all stages and
no sign of disease. If any of your
readers wish to try this experiment I
should advise them before emitting the
sulphur into 'tlie hive to remove the queen
and only replace her after thoroughly
cleaning out the hive. — T. Rees, Ty'r
Waun Apiary, Carmarthen.

H. A. T. CDerhs.). —Heather honey for winter food.

—Leave the honey: it will be all right. You

cannot extract it without destroying the combs.
" Greenfield " (Glanton). — Using super clearer for

winter cover.— There will be no harm in using

this. Remove the bee escape.
J. Jones (Pinner). — Wintering with empty hrood

chamber below. — We are afraid a brood chamber

would give too much empty space. A shallow

frame box would be better, or the usual 3-in.

eke. It would be an advantage with a strong

colony.
D. Abram (Ipswich).— The Secretary of the Devon

B.K.A. is Mr. R. W. Furse, Woodbury, S.O.,

Devon.
J. Bint (Lines.).— From what you say we judge

the remedy had something to do with it. Better

send some bees to Dr. Goodrich if " I.O.W."

disease is euspected. See Editorial.

Bee Shows to Come.

September 18 to 24.— Grocers' Exhibition,
Agricultural Hall, London. Honey and Bee
Appliance Competitions, open to the United King-
dom. Good prizes. Entrance fee in each class le.
— Schedule of Competitions sent on application,
referring to this Journal, to H. S. Rogers, 31, Queen
Victoria Street, E.€.2. Entries closed.

September 22.— Altrincham Show. Several
Open Classes for Honey and Appliances.— Sche-
dules from H. Turner, 1, Market Street, Altrin-
cham.

October 2 (Saturday), Rochester.— Combined
County. Northern and Midland Division Honey
Show. Masonic Hall, Gundulph Square, Rochester.
11 Classes open to members of K.B.K.A.~W.
Carter, 2 York Road, Rochester, Secretary,
Bntriea closw September 2SS.

October 5 to 8.— Essex Fruit and Honey Show
at Institute of Agriculture, Chelmsford. Open from
12 to 8 p.m. Admission free. Lectures and demon-
strations each day. — Schedules from G. R. Alder,
7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.

October 19 to 22.— Dairy Show, Agricultural
Hall, London. Open Classes for Honey, etc.— Par-
ticulars, Secretary, Dairy Farmers' Association, 28,
Russell Square, London, W.C.I.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Classes in Honey
Section.— Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. JBntries close Novem-
ber 6.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Will advertisers please read these Rules care-
fully in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Hon»v, Que«ni,
and Bee goods are not permissible at abov^ ratt,
but will be inserted at i§d. per uford a$ " BnBi«
ness " Annouru^ments, immediately onder the
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manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 38. per iin., or 6s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are <miv in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclfli, and Qn««n8
that ar« reared or Imported tor sale, art
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra tDfltbe
made if a box number is used.

Orders for three or more corueeutive insertions
In " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to on«
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charge.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on TUESDAY MORNINO for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

PRIVATE APVUBTISEMENTS.

PURE CAMBRIDGESHIRE HONEY for Sale,
£9 per cwt., tins free, carriage paid; sample
6d.— WELLS & CO., Bowers Lane, Isleham, Cambs.

b.l78

THREE good second-hand Hives, 15s. each; odd
Excluders, Is. 6d. each; Section and Shallow
Racks, 2s. 6d.; property of amateur giving up;
stamp.— BOWBN, Coronation Road, Cheltenham.

h.l79

PURE ITALIAN BEES, 6-frame stock, 60s.;
10-frame stock, 90s.; box 10s. extra, returnable.
-FRANK WAKEFIELD, Hindolveston, Norfolk.

h.l80

BARGAIN.— Four Stocks Italian Hybrids, on 10
frames (wired), 1920 Queens, 50s., carriage
paid; boxes 10s., returnable.— F. BIGGE, Tyburn,
Birmingham. h.l8I

FOR SALE, three strong Stocks of Bees in hew
skeps; healthy; £5 the three, carriage paid.—
TAYLOR, Schoolmaster, New Leake, Boston. h.l82

WALLFLOWER PLANTS, Sutton Phoenix and
Blood Red, 25 for Is. 2d.— LINDSAY, Bret-
forton, Honeybourne. h.l83

TTALIAN QUEENS.— Owing to reduction of
X stocke, two 1920 fertile Italian Queens available
for immediate delivery, 6g. 6d. each. — W. B.
TBBOTSON, "Brookhill," Park Road, New
Barnet, Herts. h.l84

SEVERAL Stocks healthy Hybrids for Sale,
£4 10s. each; prolific.- W. JE. AVEY, 9. St.
Mary's Square, Bury St. Edmund's. h.l85

EE BOOKS, MAGAZINES, wanted, especially

Allen, Butler, Cheshire, Huber.— J. MOIR,

Librarian, Scottish Bee-keepers' Association, 64.

Polwarth Terrace, Edinburgh. r.b,I6«

Sept. 16, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

455

WIGHT" DISEASE, prevention and removal;
advice 5s.— ALF. KYALL, Cottage Farm,
near Camp, Stroud. r.'h.l87

WOULD anyone exchange four Buff Rock i-ul-
lets for two ©warms healthy Hybrids in
boxes ?— TUCKER, Shaw, Newbury, Berks. h.l88

FOR SALE, two 1920 Hybrid Italian Queens,
6s. 6d. each.— BADMIN, 33, Girton Road,
Sydenham. h.l89

RAPID FEEDERS, as new, 70b., f.o.r.—
WILLIS & ACOCKS, Sudbury, Suffolk. h.l91

36

ITALIAN HYBRIDS, 1920 Queen, on 10 standard
frames, guaranteed free from disease, £4, free
on rail Attleborough; box lOs., returnable. Stamp
reply.-CO-OPERATIVE BEE CLUB, Codsall,
Wolverhampton. (h.l93

TWO extra prolific Hybrid Fertile Queene, ex
County Re-stocking Apiary, just right for
1921, 8s. 6d. each.— LITMAN, Castle-Cary. h.l94

BEES FOR SALE, strong, on 6 frames, £2; 10
frames, £2 lOs.; healthy.— D. COLE, Amber
Green, Chart Sutt-on, near Maidstone, Kent. h.l95

FOR SALE, 2J cwt. of pure English Honey,
£8 8s. per cwt., carriage paid, for cash or
deposit; sample Is.— SWAIN, Apiary, Belmis-
thorpe, Stamford. h.l96

FOR SALE, three W.B.C. Hives, Extractor,
Supers, and other Appliances, also small
Nucleus (Hybrids), cheap; owner going abroad.—
A. McCABE, 54, Backmarch Crescent, Bosyth,
Dunferciline. h.l97

FOR SALE, a few cwts. Honey.— F. SEAMAN,
Sibsey, Bos'ton. h.l98

TO' BE SOLD, three hives of Bees in bar-frame
hives.- Apply, J. P. WONNE, 50, Sunning-
fields Road, Hendon, N.W.4. h.l99

HONEY, new season's, light colour (28-lb. tins),
£8 8s. per cwt.; sample 4d.— THOMPSON,
Helpringham, Sleaford. h.2O0

TWO CARNIOLAN STOCKS, 8 frames, 1920
Queens, £4.— NEILSON, Cuddesdon, Wheat-
ley, Oxon. h.202

WANTED, new Run Honey. — WYATT,
Bishopswood, Chard, Somerset. h.l59

FOR SALE, about 35 Stocks and Swarms of
Hybrid Ligurian Bees on 8 to 10 frames and
Nuclei; mostly this year's Queens; excellent
workers.— REV. A. H. HALLEY, Crathie, Welling-
ton College, Berks. r.h.79

SURPLUS STOCKS.— Strong, healthy Bees,
immediate sale.— JE WITT, Heneall, Whitley
Bridge, Yorke. r.h.l35

FIVE HIVES strong, healthy Bees for Sale,
each hive containing at least 30 lbs. of honey;
owner leaving South; £6 hive, or offer.— Broom-
lands, Limpsfield, Surrey. r.h.l42

LARGE EGG STRAIN.-White Wyandotte pedi-
gree Cockerels from ISs. 6d.— MISSES
COATES, Broadheath, Preeteign. ir.h.l46

WANTED, Cheshire's Diagrams.— KEN WARD,
Berwyn House, Lewes, Sussex. h.ll2

BUSIKESS ADVEBTISEMZiraS.
lid. per word.

SIX imported Penna Queens, expected Sep-
tember 20, 10s.; two 1920 home-raised Penna
•F'ertiles, 8s.—" PATRICIA," Grammar School,
Doncaster. h.201

QUEENS.— Choice Dutch-Goldens, by return, 7s.,
fertile.— GREEN, Bee-keeper, Laindon, Essex.

ih.203

AUSTRALIAN HONEY FOR FEEDING
BEES.— Cases containing two tins, about
60 lbs. each, 110s. per case; carriage paid 100 miles.
Remittances with orders.— SOUTHWOOD, 95,
Acton Yale, London. r.h.l90

NO SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— Flavine or
Plain Candy, same price, 6 lbs., lOs., postage
Is. 3d. extra; larger quantities by passenger or
goods train. Made in Cambridge, and the
wrappers on the Flavine Candy bear our name and
the maker's address.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. h.l92

MASHEATH MEMS.-" The Masheath has
arrived. It's a joy; a work of art."— A. S.
ATKINSON, Fakenham. h.204

GENUINE pure Golden Italian Queens, imported
direct from Penna. Can now 6up'j)ly per
return. 100 due in 14 days. Prices while they last :
One Queen, 9s.; two, 17s.; three, 24s.; specially
selected, lOs. 6d. each.— GOODARE, Italian
Specialist, New Cross, Wednesfield. r.h.l77

"I ST AND SILVER MEDAL, Sections, Surrey
-L County Show. Entered hurriedly after some
best of crop had previously been consumed
(forgetful beggar!), won in a Masheath 16 x 10
Hive without excluders.— ATKINSON. Sole Maker,
Fakenham. r.h.l75

FLAVINE CANDY.— 61b. packages. 10s.; postage
Is. 3d. Made in Cambridge under our super-
vision from the best white sugar.— S. H. SMITH,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.h.87

CRAWLING DISEASE.-Reliable treatment for
curing and prevention; recipe 23. 6d.— A. W.
SALMON. Cashfield, Chingford. r.h.l62

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 ItaUan
Queen, 50s. ; box charged 10s., returnable;
6-frame Stocks. 70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 90s. Imme-
diate delivery (weather permitting). Italian
fertile Queens. lOs. 6d. English Run Honey and
Sections wanted.— LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary,"
Burgess Hill. Sussex. r.g.L14

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt delivery;
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing stock, August-September.— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. r.g.24

WIGHT " DISEASE, prevention and removal;
advice 5s.— ALF. BYALL. Cottage Farm,
near Camp. Stroud. r.h.l24

SELECT TESTED QUEENS. — Three-banded
leather-coloured Italians, gentle, hardy and
prolific and disease resisting, one year old or less,
right in their prime. 10s. 6d.; also untested 1920
Queens, same price; safe arrival guaranteed.—
THE APIARY. Bnckfast Abbey. S. Devon. r.h.l25

"TSLE OF WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

X use the solution that cures; 2s. per bottle. —

E. PRESSEY. St. Elmo. Coulsdon. r.d.l49

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why notP Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House. Benson, Oxon.

HONEY FOR FEEDING BEES.-Finest West
Indian, tin of about 60 lbs., 688. 6d., carriage
paid 100 miles.— LONDON TRADING AGENCY.
32, St. Mary Axe, E.C.3. r.h.l34

STRONG 3-frame Nuclei, 256., 78. 6d. per frame,
bees and brood, extra stocks; state require-
ments; healthy Driven Bees, 10s. 6d.-12s. 6d. per lot
with Queen; all cases 6s., returnable; 1920 Fertile
Queens, 56. 6d.— W. WOODS, Firs Apiary, Nor-
mandy, near Guildford. h.l52

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE. 'Marl-
borough. Ii,i3i

456

THE BBITISH BEE JOUENAL. Sept. 16, 1920.

ALTRINCHAM SHOW

(FEDERATED)

Wednesday, September 22, 1920

GBISAT SHOW Or HUNTERS, TURNOUTS,
CATTLE, DOGS, ETC., ETC.

JUIilPERS OVER HURDI.es & WATER.

Increased Prize Money in All Sections.
Covered Grand Stands for 2,000 persons.

ntilitary Band.

Show open at 10 o'clock.

Public Luncheon at One o'clock.

Admission to Show Ground, all day, 2s. 6cl.

(including Tax).

Trains from all Stations.

See Railway Company's Bills.

Preserve your Bees during
the Winter by feeding with

PINK BACTEROL
BEE CANDY

Manufachxred by

HAWKES BROS., LTD.,
— Chelmsford, Essex —

Prices on application.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAB, EXCHANGE & MART

Newtpaper,
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
"Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

JOT DOWN the deficienciea of your present
equipment and your needs for fntnre improved
working. Then book for " MASHEATH "

(Eegd.) Equipment for autumn comstiruction.

The MASHEATH IiIST contains an unique
series of Hives unequalled, to-day. You should
not enter upon another bee season without them.

" The Hives (Porchless Masheaths) are excellent
in every way, and I am very pleased indeed with
them. ' FORCHIiESS ! ' Yes, every time. Need
I say more? I will get you to send me two more."
— W. F., June 17, 1930.

The MASHEATH HIVES TAIiX as soon as
they are delivered.

ATKINSON, ""^oggey Fakenham.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address :

Signor Gaetana Piana,
Castel San Pietro,
near Bologna, Italy,

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W, Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiarv
and methods employ ed, with which
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,
9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Gieat Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Gtiaran-
teed safe arrival of all Queens, but not the iatroduction.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B,B,J."
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Piana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ," and
" B.K.R," can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. HERROB-HEMPSAXJi, 83, Bedford
Street, Strand, lK>ndon, W.C.2.

a

RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive off

"Isle of Wight Ditease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MENLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

Menley House, Hatton Garden, E.Cl.

DwB

EST CLEARING and
WINTERING BOARD,
SUPER CLEARER, &c.

A Necessity for all Bee-Keepers
all the year round.

MEADOWS, SYSTON, LEICESTER.

POSITIVE FACTS. June r^^k, ig^o.

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back ot the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in 16 X 10 frames. ,,.^„„„

Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY

Illustrated Lists frte by post.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent.

S^pt. 16, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL. ill

II:'

i SPECIAL OFFER,

I Honey for Feeding Bees.

I QUICK DELIVERY.

I FINE WHITE CLOVER AUSTRALIAN. In cases
= containing 2 tins, each about 60 lbs., 114/6 per case.

I FINEST WEST INDIAN. Gases containing 1 tin about
= 60 lbs., 68/6 per case ; cases containing 2 tins, each

= about 60 lbs., 135/- per case.

^ ALL CARRIAGE PAID (within 100 miles).

= Cash with Order.

I London Trading Agency, ^^ ^^kxT ^^' i

BAR6AINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING.

Blue Serge Trousers for Working Men 12/6
Blue Serge Trousers, as new .. .. 14/-
New Blue Serge Trousers, best quality .. 21/-
New Holeproof Trousers, highly recom-
mended 18/-

New Bedford Cord Breeches, Officers'

quality 42/-

New Cord Riding Breeches, strapped .. 22/6

Khaki Drill Trousers, Officers' quality . . 10/6
Khaki Drill Jackets with pockets.

Officers' quality 10/6

Khaki Drill Trousers, ordinary .. .. 7/6

Khaki Drill Jackets, ordinary . . . . 7/6
New Blue Drill Overalls, complete with

pockets 12/6

New Oilskin Overcoats, extra quality .. 26/6

Army Waterproof Ground Sheets, 72 x 36, braes

eyelets, slightly soiled, 9/- for 2, 4 for 17/-.

Black Rubber Combination Cyclists' Suits, com-

plc'te with Sou'wester, 20/- ; cost Government

63/-.
New Heavy Workmen's Boots, 18/9 pair.
New Brown Boots, all sizes, 22/6; worth

double.
Nefl' Full-size Australian Wool Blankets, 21/-

each..

New Full-size Australian Grey Blankets, 18/6
each.

New Full-size White Fleecy Blankets, 16/9
pair.

Selected Army Wool Blankets, all coloure and

sizes, 1 2/- each.
Heavy Woollen Check Fringed Rugs. new.

22/6 each.
Heavy Woollen Check Motor Rugs, 30/- each.
Now is the time to buy Blankets; they will be very scarce and dear later.
WRITE TO-DAY TOR LIST OP NUMEROUS OTHER BARGAIlfS.

SACAR'S UKIVERSAL STORES (Dept. 29), ARDWICK, MANCHESTER.

^ / Of the Author, S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX.

^/- SIMMINS "A MODERN BEE FARM"

POST FREE Nearly 500 pages. A few more copies at 8/-. Any further edition must cost 50% more

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the tnanvfacivre of bte
appliance*, and thtrefof my pr%C€» will 6« advanced 10% from May 10th. Boole exujitd.

u

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 16, 1920.

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at

Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods.

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives,

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate

despatch.

CANDY. Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Send sugar vouchers

with order.

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION.

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used.

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an

Apiary," post free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appliance Makers,
WORMIT, FIFE.

Tiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin

tee's Bee Sttpplies. g

In design, material and workman- J4

ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain j;^

the reputation of being your best and w

safest investment. w

0 a a Q

C[ Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA- C>

^ LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the M

most up-to-date hives and appliances M

for which the House of Lee is famous. )l(

a a 0 ^

fj We regret the necessity of having ]^

" to advise our Customers that owing W

to the increased cost of production, all w

prices in 1920 price list are subject to O
10% increase. The increase will not-M

apply to orders received before May 10. Q

%• Five per cent discount to Membcri of
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

LTD.,

(Telegrama : Graphidx, Uzbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

PuMRD ly TBI AviifiTi Pbibs (L. Upoott Qfu. & Son, Ltd.). 6&^7, Dbuev Line, Lohdox. W.O.. aji>
PuaLUBU VOB IBB P&OP£inOE (W. HnaOD-HBMFBUX). IX llMPKIM, Mabihaix. IEamutoi.

Kut A Co.. Lio.. oa. * n. Piuuotm Aow. S.O.

Brwish Bkb Journal and BsE-KBEtERS* Adviber, September 23, 1930.

OCT 1 4 1920

«jg^

Adviser.

txWeckly Journal Devoted to
Ihz Interests oj

Bee-Keepers.

No. 1996. Vol. XLVIII

SEPTEMBER 23, 1920. IPublished every ThuTsday. Price 2d.

PAGE

Notice to Advertisers 457

Mongrel Bees 457

I.O.W., OR Crawling Disease— a Uemedy 458

Notes on Bee-keeping .. 459

Lecture at Darenth 459

The Bee (Poem) 460

Notes from Shropshirs 460

Warwick Notes 461

Echoes from the Hives—

Boxhill 461

A Kentish Echo 461

Echo from Hants 462

Fforestfach Horticultural Society 462

Twickenham and Thames Valley B.K.A 463

Portsmouth and District B.K.A 462

PAGE

Correspondence —

H»n€y from Laurel 463

A Kentish Echo .'. 462

The Season in Berk© 463

The Honey Flow in Dorset 464

Showing Honey at the Royal Lance. Show . . 464

Winter Feeding of Bees 464

Excessive Swarming 464

Bees Building Combs in the Open -to5

Bee-keeping in N.E. Yorks 4^5

Feeding with Imported Honey •566

Queries and iReplies-

Queen Emerging through Base of Cell ■>66

Dealing with Wasps ''■f'f>

Notices to Correspondents 457

FOOD FOR BEES.

Owing to the continued bad weather there is a
Hkehhood shortage this Winter. To prevent loss
of Stocks order at once TAYLOR'S renowned

SYRUP

In tins, 7 lb., 14 lb. and 28 lb. at 1/3 per lb.,

Carriage extra.
We are in a position to supply, without vouchers,

the best

CANDY

made from pure Sugar, plain or medicated, 1/6 lb.
Carriage extra.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN,

Telephone— WE LWYN 13.

HERTS.

11

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Sept. 23, 1920.

THE

Irltlsh Bee Journal

Office: 23. Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.

EBT1BLI8BID U73.

A 'W.-ekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAJff. F.I..S.. &c.,
and J. HERBOD-HElklFSAIiIi, F.E.S.

Oorrdspondenee : Whom to Address.—
All matters relating to the Literary Depm^
ment, ABSociatione, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, '* Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all bosinoss oommonications and matters
relating to subscriptionjs and advertisements
< to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
0<fice.

SabMrlptions. - Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. poet free in advance; single copies
2i.,or 2^. post free. If a receipt ia required
ty post, a stamped and addressed envelope
innst be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Nott. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
i^ways be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cneques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amount* up to 2a.
ttftifptnnp stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for caching them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any^ kind, and must
refer correspondents wiahmg for prices or
catalogues to advertisers ia uie paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yon are advised to insist on this being ased when
dealing with strangers.

Bales and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched until notice that
the money has been deposited ie receired from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
iofretber, ihe p>arcfaaBe-money of the articles is
d^joelted at our office. W« acknowledge receipt
of the decMMit to both pariiee, and hold the money
until we are eatisGed thai the purchaee is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 3i
per cent. In the £, with a minimum of 6d.. and
(he expenses ol Post OfKce Orders and
postage, &c. Oaah will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post OflSce Order, or by Postal Order ae pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
w« return the amount d^>osited, after makin«r the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against frand.

2. Deposits.— Pofital Orders (drawn on Oeneral
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempeall, and croesed " London
County and Westminster Bank." The nambers ef
ilM Postal Orders aboald be kept bj ibe SMMier.

We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
eecur in tranalt.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold,
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
ufi when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
caeii until transaction ia saUsfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Cdauee 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clauae 1.

6. Ooods in Transit.— Theee are at the seller'n
dek, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey w borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriase.— The carriage of all goods, except
such at a,re sent by post, ie payable by the buyer,
aniees ctAerwiee agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carnage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Postage

A IVEodem Bee Farm 7/6 ... S^d.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Advanced Bee Culture

(Hutchinson) 6/- ... G^d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pellstt) 5/- ... 4d.

B£B-K£BPXNG SIMFLXFIED
FOR THE COTTAGER AND
SMAI.I.HOZ.DER (W. Hebbod-
Hempsall, F.E.S.) 1/- ... 2d.

BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'
GUISE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers 2/6 ... 3d.

Cloth covers ... 3/6 ... 4d.

Dissectible Olodel of Queen
Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTILISATION OF FRUIT
BLOSSOmS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) ... -/6 ... Id.

Honey Vinegar (Rev. O. Bancks) -/2 ... Id.

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock) 5/- ... 4id.

Mtanagement of Out Apiaries 3/- ... 2d.

Prevention of Swarming
(Wilkes) 1/- ... Id

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hoopkb, F.R.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.

PRODUCING. PREPARING,
EXKISITUTG AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Hekeod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing
(DOOLITTLE) 4/- ... 34d.

Snelgrove's IXethod of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2§d.

Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... lid.

3a:iSCEI.I.ANEOUS.

Maeterlinck's Iiife of the Bee 5/- ... 3d.
The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNKE Edwabdes) 2/- ... 2$d.

THE BEE WORI.D (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... 1 Jd.

The Bee master of Warrilow

(TicKNEB Edwabdes) 7/6 ... 41d.

British Bee Journal & Record OiFfice,

M. Bbdfobd stbbbt. stband London, w.o.1.

Sept. 23. 1920. 'nSE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

457

Notice to Advertisers.

A -few weeks ago we told how our cir-
culation had increased, and was still in-
creasing. This is, of course, eminently
satisfactory from all points of view, but we
find this increase has created a difficulty,
which we must ask our advertisers to help
ns overcome. Of course, the more papers
to pi-int the longer time it takes to get
them off, as there is a limit to the capa-
city of even the' best machine. By our
going to press at the usual time the prin-
ters find it impossible to get the printing
done early enough to get all the Journals
out to . time on Wednesday. We must
therefore go to press a day earlier, and
ask advertisers to let us have their adver-
tisements on Monday instead of Tuesday
morning, or we shall be unable to guaran-
tee their insertion in that week's Journal.
Displayed advertisements should, if pos-
siblo. he sent earlier.

Sugar for Bee Food.

We are informed by the Ministry of
Agi'iculture that the price of sugar for
bee food from September 6 to October 2
is Is. 2d.

Errata.

The following words were dropped by
error from the beginning of paragraph 3,
column 1, page 453: " As to the latter,"
the reference being to the Metal Comb,
not the Metal Foundation, as the meaning
of the sentence would otherwise imply.

Mongrel Bees.

The title of this article seems an un-
kin'd one. AVe are all so fond of bees that
we naturally dislike calling any of them
mongrels. Such bees, however, do exist,
and in very large numbers — in fact, just
as one sees so many mongrel or barn-
door fowls about the country so, too,
docs one see bees that are so crossed and
inter-crossed that to recognise their breed
is an impossibility. Without a doubt,
the importation into this country of many
foreign bees has meant salvation to many
bee-keepers, ^nd most of us are grateful
for the Italians, Dutch, Carniolan, Egyp-
tian, aye, and even Tunisian and Cyprian
queens which have found their way to our

apiaries; it has been all to the good, but
alas! as evil ever follows the good, the
importation of all these various breeds
of bees has produced such hopeless mon-
grels that their owners become first dis-
appointed, then fed up, and ultimately
disgusted with keeping bees. I know that
the owners are themselves to blame, aiid
too often they are of that ilk which do
not welcome advice, .and live on a stock
phrase. " Nature's own way." Forget-
ting that Nature has a habit of running
waste and wild, these individuals pride
tliemselves on their wisdom in giving
Nature fnll play. There ai'e, however,
stranger individuals — those who never
neglect to jjrune their fruit and rose trees,
who continually introduce new blood into
their jioultry pen yet scorn to follow the
same wise path in dealing with their bees.
Wo get our word " mongrel " from the
Anglo-Saxon mang, meaning a mixture;
and, strictly speaking, any animal with
mixed blood in its veins is a mongrei. but
I believe it is generally accepted to-day
that _a mongrel is an animal of many
mixtures. Wo cross our Leghorn hens
witli a Wyandotte cockerel, and call them
first cross, a^d might even go so far as
to cross their p regency with Plymoiith
Rocks, and rlass the resultant chicken as
Wyandotte-I.e;.-hr,rn-Rocks ; but if we go
further than tiiis, what could we expect
but a flock of mongrels? So, too, a dog
of two breeds iri iiis veins is descrihcd as
a first cross; if a hopeless; mixti;re of
breeds, he is rightly described as a mon-
grel. Now thou, a man stai is bee-keep-
ing. He buys a stock of ItaLiins. Later
on, he gets a swarm, which he liives; the
virgin in the parent stock mates, maybe,
with a British brown drone, h'-r progeny
are, of cour?^, crossbred. Later on. she
goes out witli a swarm, leaving a British-
Italian virgin to i;arry on, and she mates,
say, with a Dutch di'one, and stays wl^.ere
she is until the next spring. The time
arriving, she p;oes off to found anotiu-T
colony. The virgin queen she leaves !;ri-
hind mav mate with a British Black, f.r
eve.i a drone from an already hopelesf^iy
mixed breed, in 15 months or so the bet s
of the parent hive are mongrels, yet their
owner will calmly describe them as
Italians. Someone buys his next swarm,
and finds himself saddled with a collec-
tion of bees which disappoint him at every
turn. The r^i^^^dy is education. The
ignorance in tho country concerning bees
is appalling. One talks to quite intelli-
gent bee-keepers who haven't realised that
when a swarm has left a piu'o colony tho
bees of tho parent stock will possibly be,
to say the least, hybrids, unless a pure
fertile queen is introduced. Only tho
other day when I warned a man who still
persists in placing his oldest stock over

45g

THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL. Sept. 23, 1920.

the sulphur pit that he was, in so doing,
killing his youngest queen, he looked up
and said^ " Dang it, I'd never thought o'
that."

However, the only redeeming feature
of that barbarous custom is that the most
mongrel or inbred queen is destroyed.
Legislation is necessary in stamping out
bee diseases one knows, but legislation
ought to be accompanied by education.
Utility bee-keeping should be as .carefully
studied by the masses as rotation of crops.
Please, someone, don't write and remind
me of the " survival of the fittest " — we
want every hive of bees in the country to
ba " fittest." Perhaps if we peg away
we shall . succeed in getting the powers
that be: — 1, To recognise the necessity of
teaching bee craft in our schools j 2, to
encourage frequent re-queening among the
apiaries already in existence with queens
pure and of a good strain, and thus
hasten the day when bee diseases shall
cease to be of the nature of a plague. —
E. F. Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

* I.O.W.' or Crawling Disease;
A Remedy.

I wish to place on record my recent
experience of the above, and what I hope
may prove to be a very simple and effec-
tive remedy for the same.

Early in July of this year, on looking
through one of my stocks, which were
then covering ten combs with brood on
eight, I noticed a considerable number
of bees with dislocated wings, so kept
my eyes open for further developments,
and in about a fortnight the ground in
front of hive was covered with crawling
bees each morning, which died during the
night.

I made up some Flavine solution, and
sprayed bees, brood, combs, quilt, brood
chamber and floorboard at intervals of
four or five days for the next two
weeks. Then thinking the weather was too
chilly to spray, I fed with Flavined syrup
instead, but all to no good purpose, for
each morning the casualties were just as
numerous, so that in about four weeks
thev had dwindled to about four combs
of bees with a small patch of brood in
two combs. Large numbers of capped
brood had failed to emerge on account
of loss of heat, and I feared the stock
would soon be wiped out if something
wns not done quickly.

The queen was a fine-looking hybrid,
twelve months old, but owing to the poor
season had not produced a f?;reat number
of eggs, and should be good for another
season, if she survives. I came to the
conclusion that as this malady appears
to be an affection of the intestines spray-

ing was no use. What they seemed to
need was a laxative , to relieve the
bowels. I thought of various things that
.might be beneficial, and finally resolved
to try an onion.

I have seen it stated that bees have a
great aversion to the odour of onions, but
I have frequently carried out manipula-
tions shortly after eating raw onions
without making them unduly " ratty."
I have also had my onion bed imme-
diately in front of hives without any ill
effects, and have watched bees very
zealously working on the flowering heads
of leeks and onions.

I accordingly took an onion about
3 ozs. in weight, cut it in quarters, put
it into a quart of water, and gently boiled
down to about a pint and a-half, strained
off the liquor, stirred in 1^ lbs. of sugar,
and a level teaspoonful of salt, and just
brought to the boil again. Filled a pound
jam jar with the syrup after Qooling,
tied over with muslin and inverted over
brood nest on August 24, 26, and 28. On
the second day the number of casualties
was greatly diminished, and by the sixth
day ceased entirely, the bees working
with redoubled energy, coming home
loaded with pollen, seeming anxious to
make up for their recent heavy losses.
The two centre combs were filled with
eggs and brood, and the dead brood in
the outer combs was being turned out,
the floorboard being littered with debris,
so I lifted the brood chamber and cleaned
it off.

On the 31st I gave another jar of the
syrup, but have now limited them to
three holes, and intend to keep doing so
for the next two or three weeks to stimu-
late the queen to keep laying until
there is a sufficient niimber to w'inter
with.

It may be said that I am jumping at
conclusions, and that it has not had a
fair trial, but it is getting so late in the
year now that my object is to get this
letter published in The British Bee
.Journal as soon as possible, with the
Editor's kind permission, so that other
members of the craft may test it for
themselves before the aooroach of winter,
and then let us have their verdict.

I, would strongly advise not to feed with
onion syrup too late in the year, when
weather conditions prevail to prevent the
be^s taking a cleansing flifrht.

There is one point Lam dnbi'^us about,
and thnt is, whether the boe<5 will be able
to ripen the onion syrup And sprI it over
without fermentation taking nlnre.

Up to the time of writing, Son+ember S
thero have been no more crawlers, and
the bees are exceptionally h"sv. T will
report on further conditions when I close
down, and also in the spring.

Sept. 23, 1920.

THE BKITISH BEE JOUENAL.

459

I have had it suggested to me that I
should keep this a secret, and place it on
the market to compete with other
" cures "(?), but I prefer not to do so
for many reasons : one is, that it would
be a couple of seasons before I could hope
to gain the confidence of bee-keepers who
were in need of it, during which time
hundreds of colonies may perish which
might otherwise be saved, and I have
reasons to believe there are many bee-
keepers in this country who, like me,
either cannot afford, or don't feel in-
clined, to spend money for a recipe
remedy, or advice in such matters. — T. H.
Witney.

Notes on Bee Keeping.

A Lancashire bee-keeper writes me,
that he is unable to find the queen in
three of his hives, that they are minus
eggs and brood ; he fears they are queen-
less. Not a few hives in spring and
autumn become queenless through being
over-manipulated. It is a bad plan to
excite the bees too much, as oftimes they
are apt to blame the queen for any dis-
turbance that might take place, and ball
her, forming a compact mass something
like the size of a walnut, and thus suflFo
cate her. Have kmown cases wlien bees of
the same hive have fought with one
another after an examination of combs.
No doubt this is also on account of being
attacked by robber bees and wasps, as
notably at this season bees appear to be
most vicious. I have advised this bee-
keeper to make another careful examina-
tion of his stocks, for although there may
be no eggs or larvse present in the hives
yet it is quite possible the bees might be
accompanied by a young fertile queen.

A young fertile queen is very active,
and requires a lot of finding among
20,000 or 30,000 bees. Cessation of brood
rearing is not always a correct indication
that a stock is queenless, especially in a
rainy season like the one we have just
passed through. Upon two occasions this
summer I examined stocks minus brood
and eggs, and was unable to find the
queen, yet at a later date upon examina-
tion I found both brood and eggs. Cells
in the centre of the brood nest having a
highly polished appearance is a sure mdi'
cjition of the presence of a fertile queen,
these having been got ready by the
T\'orkers for the queen to deposit her
eggs in.

Another lover of Nature, after walk-
ing about 15 miles, came to see me. He
wanted to see these interesting little m-
sects he had read so much about in the
bee-books, and was wondering if it was
possible to keep bees in a town. After

hearing his explanation, re locality, I had
to advise him it would prove rather dan-
gerous to passers by if he were to attempt
to keep bees in his locality. One cannot
help feeling for some of our kinsmen in
the towns, when possessed with a desire
to see and experience the practical side
of apiculture, and yet be debarred from
doing so owing to the peculiar position of
their surroundings being unsuitable for
bee-keeping.

The dead season is fast approaching us.
Examine stocks to see their strength; if
weak, unite to other stocks. Strong
colonies always winter better than weak
ones, and come out most profitable in early
spring. Successful wintering means an
abundance of sealed stores, plenty of
young bees, and a young, fertile queen.
Feed up if short of stores as fast as pos-
sible. '\Vhen this has been done place
narrow strips of wood about f in. thick
here and there across the top of the
frames ; when the quilts are laid over these
they form tunnels for the bees to pass
over the tops of the combs. Roofs of hives
should be thoroughly examined before
winter and repaired where found defec-
tive ; dampness is a source of many of the
evils attendant upon bee life. Many bee-
keepers ignore the idea of plenty of pack-
ing on the tops of the frames. They argue
that it prevents the fresh air from reach-
ing the bees in the winter cluster;- I am
of the opinion that the strong atmospheri-
cal pressure surrounding the hives, forcing
its way through the entrances, is sufficient
means of supplying the cluster with the
necessary fresh air to support their exist-
ence: therefore, my advice is, provide
plenty of thick cushions for covering over
the quilts; these conserve the heat in the
hive, which means less work for the bees
in keeping up the temperature, and less
stores consumed. — P. Lythgoe, Padgate,
Warrington.

Lectures at Darenth.

Mr. S. H. Smith, of Cambridge, has
devoted considerable time and thought to
bee diseases during the last six years, and
the Kent bee-keepers who accepted Mr.
W. Wilson's kind invitation to visit and
inspect his apiary of over 100 stocks at
Chalk Croft, Darenth, on Saturday last
heard a lecture altogether out of the
ordinary, and one that gave every bee-
keeper present something to " tack in
his hat." Mr. Smith urged the necessity
of keeping all stocks strong with young,
vigorous queens, both for honey gather-
ing and disease resisting, explained the
Alexander skyscraper system, and gave
interesting accounts of his colonial and
American experiences. Mr. W. Wilson

460

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 23, 1920.

and Mr. G. Bryden (two successful ex-
hibitors of lion.y) gave short addresses,
and Mr. A. Fr / (Gillingham) explained
his Kent Infallible Queen Introducing
Cage. Tea (served in the apiary) was
kindly provided by Mrs. "Wilson, and tiie
usual votes of thanks terminated a most
successful afternoon. — (Contributed.)

The Bee.

I be a Bee — a worker Bee :

Studied by man from antiquity;

That is the reason I write to thee.

Imperfect is my prosody:

Iambus, Dactyl and Trochee,

Are all alike tinknown to me.

I simply rhyme my melody:

For this I make apology.

And now review my history.

in 30 B.C. Virgil sang of me:

His Geor^ic IV. may be known to thee;

It treats of me exclusively.

Pliny, most earnest student, he

Wrote of me voluminously.

His period— 23-79, A.D.

Huber, born in Geneva, 1750;

Most learned as a Naturalist; he

Published a work, " Sur les Abeilles."

Maeterlinck, Modernist though he be,

Wrote a treatise on the Bee,

Full of wise philosophy.

Modern writers there be, devoted to
me,

Allotting much time to controversy.

(I would that they wrote more appre-
ciatively.)

Many study me with profundity:

Discuss my habits most learnedly:

And marvel at my economy.

Foreign blood you can easily trace in
me —

1 came from the East originally —

My mother came over from Italy.

A Queen was she, a Republican me;

A Republican of royal descent, you see,

Considering the good of the com-
munity.

No " Strikes " for me, though a worker
I be:

The success of the hive depends upon
me,

An<3 mine upon it most assuredly.

Ours is a hive of industry :

Ca' canny is scorned unrclc-rftingly ;

Tt conducteth not to prosp.'iity.

When nollon and nectar cea^f to be ;

We kill off the Drones mercilcsslv;

Non-workers receive scant sym}>athy.

T live in a hive specially made for me,

And usually known ns a W.M.C :

Though some bees dwell in a, hollow
tree.

My work, at first, was to feed the
larvae :

After that I became a scavenger Bee,
Cleaning the hive most scrupulously.
Later on, I became a foraging Bee,
Attaining my height of activity,
In the search for nectar in plant and

tree.
Scenting the flowers with my antennae :
Sipping nectar therefrom with avidity :
Carrying it home right merrily :
Storing in combs most delightful to

see:
Making provision for futurity —
That is the work of a foraging Bee.
Honey, from, nectar, distilled in me.
By a process, to many, a mystery ;
Is welcomed by all for its purity.
It is easy to see that I, a Bee,
Labour for others unselfishly :
Please learn the lesson intended for

thee.
My life as a Bee is full of glee ;
Except when men interfere with me :
Tt is chiefly then that I angry be.
Buzzing around most angrily :
Seizing the right opportunity :
I give a thrust at the enemy.
Men sometimes say a bad word to me ;
But I only attack in defence, you

see ; —
They should not intrude injudiciously.
Though normally healthy as a Bee,
Diseases occasionally visit me,
Especially Foul Brood and Dysenteiy.
Death, dreaded by many, has no dread

for me :
I fulfil my life's work conscientiously,
And then " oass out " quite quietly.
Thus, in GocT's most wise. Economy,
I plav my part contentedly:
Fulfilling His Will concerning me.
May this talk with thee, dear reader,

be
Taken to heart most seriously ;
And benefit thee eternallv.
Dictated and signed by me,

A Bee.
-T. E. Peters, Prestwood, Bucks.

Notes from Shropshire.

All bee-keepers who were present at the
Shrewsbury Floral Fete must have re-
joiced to see that the horticultural de-
partment of the Salop County Council
Agricultural Committee have added api-
culture to the other subjects in their
curriculum, and that they afforded a
place in their unique educational exhibit
for the displny of appliances and products
of an up-to-date apiary. In addition to
a fully furnished hive, extractor, ripener,
feeders, etc., etc., an observatory hive
with bees and brood in various stages of
development, and sections in process of
completion, was staged, and attracted

Sept. 23, 1920.

THE BKITISH BEE JOURNAL.

461

much attention. A small but exquisitely
dainty trophy of excellent clover honey
was on view, as well as an array of honey
of various shades and flavours, all care-
fully labelled -^ amongst them being
samples of artificial honey and foreign
honeys, often foisted upon the public as
" pure English." The specimens of honey
comb, beeswax at the different stages of
refining — from the old combs to the
finished article — and the collection of bee
flowers were of exceptional interest, and
reflected great credit upon the Rev.
G. E. H. Pratt, the County Council
expert.

It was welcome news to be told that the
Committee have a small re-stocking
apiary, from which, in spite of the bad
season, some twenty nuclei have already
been sent out to bee-keepers in districts
certified free from disease.

Much good educational work is being
done, I am given to understand, by means
of lectures and demonstrations through-
out the county, and there is the happy
j-rospei-t of Shropshire again taking the
place she once held as one of the premier
honey-producing counties of England. —
Communicated.

Warwick Notes.

I notice you invite bee-keepers to relate
their experiences of the season, so may
I have space for the following brief notes
from Warwickshire?

P'ollowiug the very mild winter we had
an abnormally warm spring. Although
this is an advantage in early honey dis-
tricts, it was the cause this year of the
loss of a great amount of bee life through
excessive excitement.

May in this district was very unlike
itself, and the chilly weather necessitated
continued feeding. We had a beautiful
fine spell at Whitsuntide, and many
Italian stocks that had been breeding ex-
tensively throughout the spring sent out
strong sAvarms.

Bees got very little store from the fruit
blossom. June turned out miserably wet
and cold, and the clover harvest was a
failure. Our main crop, limes and
brambles, was also ruined by the atrocious
weather of July. One came back from
the holiday and found most stocks starv-
ing. One fairly strong lot of nntives, left
packed on eight frames, had dwindled to a
bare four, and not a cell of honey in the
hive; nor, of course, any brood. Con-
stant heavy feeding with warm autumn
syrup has put new life into them. I
packed them down to a crowded three-
frame nucleus and have hopes of winter-
ing them, with care. Another lot of

Italian hybrids, of a friend's, were in the
sanie plight. I had them fed heavily, and
within a fortnight the queen had two
combs packed with brood again. In
general, the season is a failure. There
is opportunity now, however, to get
stocks conditioned for winter, as. the
weather at present is glorious.

Be " Crawling Disease." I had a
stock affected in this way early in the
year. I attribute it to an unusually warm
day following a cold or rainy spell, en-
ticing out young bees who are not yet
able to fly strongly. I differentiated the
symptoms from those of " Isle of Wight "
disease in that the bees had not distended
abdomens, and were profusely covered
with new " down." The dislocation of
wings so often noticed I attribute to the
violent effort to fly, and not to internal
disease.

[Were the bees covered with " new
down " or was it the powdery appearance
of May pest? — Eds.]

Re 10263. Is there ever anything

about which Mr. Manley does not say
something which only reveals the fact
that he is not out to help the industry, but
to hinder it by picking petty, and very
often personal quarrels of absolutely no
value? If Mr, Manley really wants to
do something big for bee-keepers, may I
suggest that he commences really serious
research work in his own apiary, and that
he makes concrete notes on the prominent
Association with which he finds fault, and
reads a paper on both subjects at the
next meeting of the Association? He
would then have the opportunity of open-
ing up a discussion amongst those who
are qualified to make reforms, rather than
obstruct the Journal with matter which
is of no i:se to anybody. — R. Noel

A^ ELINE.

Echoes from the Hives.

nOXHlLL.

The season here (Boxhill), which I sup-
pose is one of . the finest from a bee-
keeper's point of view near London has>
been most disappointing, and although
swarms have been numerous, I have not
been able to take more th^n one-third the
amount anticipated in actufll honey. The
liers onlv had two days on the limes, of
which there are many huge trees round
about, nnd most of the honey obtained
appeared to come from the Brassiea
family and the hawthorn.

There is still (August 29) a small
amount coming in from the second crop
of clover, and also from heather, but my

462

THE BETTISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 23, 1920.

bees must go well over a mile for the
latter, to Ranmore Common, where the
heather is making a wonderful show this
year. Wasps, I am thankful to say, ap-
I>ear to be much fewer in numbers than
last year. — SiANiiEY A. Blbnkarn.

A KENTISH ECHO.

My experience corresponds with your
correspondents, Messrs. Turner and
Jacob. Really these things should have
been tried before being put on the
market. I shall be chary of unnatural
inventions in future.

" A Dorset Yarn " fills me with envy.
The season here has been shocking ; have
had to feed all the summer off and on.
I looked through my six stocks this
morning. Five will require the full ration
to save them ; two stocks that swarmed
and were returned are queenless. For-
tunately, I had two queens on hand when
the plums were in flower ; there was so
much honey in brood nests that there was
little room for the queen to lay. I there-
fore put supers on the strongest, hoping
to get some apple honey, but the bees
simply ignored the apple when in flower.
Full sheets of wax foundation, in many
instances, have not been drawn out.
Only the Italians have been working these
last cold days of August, and they have
been at it as if it were the height of the
honey flow ; the others, including a White
Star queen, have been idling at the en-
trances as if the vats were full and no
more stores were required. — T. F. New-
man, Sidcup.

ECHO FROM HANTS.

From reports I read in the B.B.J. We
in this district are very well off, much
better than those who have no late Dutch
clover or heather for their bees to gather
from. I find about here bees generally
are doing very well during this spell of
summer weather, and very few will want
feeding to carry them through the winter.
T took off twelve good sections to-day, and
put on twelve more that were not quite
saleable. If this weather continues I
think they will finish them off. I noticed
the combs were crammed up with sealed
honey below.

Nuclei with me are doing very well,
but swarms developed crawlers during the
wet time, but are recovering now, fast,
thanks to flavine. Stocks that swarmed
and were kept out have given but little
surplus, but have plenty of stores.

1 am under the mile to the heather, the
edge of the New Forest.

I should like to see more reports from
bee-keepers from other districts in the
B.B.J. — J. Cook, Bockhampton, Hants.

September 11, 1920.

Fforeslfach Horticultural Society.

REPORT OF HONEY CLASSES.

Honey classes were included at this
year's Show, Saturday, Sept. 11, for the
first time in its history, for the purpose
of fostering an interest in bees in a di.s-
trict which has, apparently, only one bee-
keeper in an area of three square miles
or so, to the north-west of Swansea.
Many good exhibits were received from
distant counties, but only one from the
home county of Glamorgan. Much
interest was taken in the exhibits by
visitors to the Show, and the committee
have decided that the honey classes shall
be continued at next year's Show, when
it is hoped Glamorgan bee-keepers will
rally up.

Edward Gibbon, Esq., Clydach-on-Tawe,
ably judged the exhibits, his decisions
being fully endorsed afterwards by
interested bee-keepers, included amongst
whom was friend Boobier, of Bishopstone.

Mr. Gibbon complimented the 1st prize
exhibits as being amongst the finest he
had ever judged. The awards were as
follows : —

Three honey sections. -=-1, J. Morley
Davies, The Manse, Braunton, Devon.

Three 1-lb. pots extracted. — 1, H.
Aubrey Felinfoel, Carm. ; 2, D. J. Grif-
fiths, Reservoir, Felinfoel, Carm.

One 1-lb. gift class extracted. — 1, H.
Aubrey ; 2, A. H. Bowen, Cheltenham.
G. W. Williams.

Portsmouth and District Bee-
Keepers' Association.

The above Association held their second
annual Show in conjunction with the
Portsmouth Allotment Holders' Associa-
tion in the Connaught Drill Hall on Sep-
tember 8, 9 and 10.

The exhibits, which numbered over 50,
showed an increase over last year, and in
view of the scarcity of honey in this dis-
trict this year, the number of exhibits
was gratifying, and the quality was satis-
factory.

An interesting exhibit was staged by
the " Bee Master of Warrilow," and in-
cluded a frame of his " Bat Bees," from
a strain that he has been twenty years
perfecting, and which are imm.une from
" I.O.W." disease; he also included a
case in six parts, showing " The birth
and making of a section," and several
other interesting novelties.

Lieut. G. Boddie, a member of this
Association, exhibited a three-framed
observation hive with bees, which proved
to be one of the attractions of the Show.

Lectures and demonstrations were given
by members of the Association during the
afternoons and evenings, which were of

Sept. 23, 1920.

THE BKITISH BEE JOUENAL.

463

great interest to the thousands who
visited the Show.

The judge, Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall,
made the following awards: —
HONEY CLASSES.
Open to Members.

Best three 1-lb. sections of honey. — 1,
Mr. G. Leverton, Fareham; 2, Mrs. P. E.
White, Portsmouth; 3, Mr. P. E. White.

Best jars extracted honey. — 1, Mr.
P. J. Pannell, Havant; 2, Mr. P. E.
White; 3, Mr. G. Leverton.

Best jars granulated honey.— 1, Mr.

A. J. Steele, West Ashling; 2, Mr. P. E.
White.

Best W.B.C. hive made by a member. —
1, Mr. Steele.

Open to British Isles.

Best three sections of honey. — 1, Mr.
G. Leverton; 2, Mr. P. E. White; 3, Mr.

B. J. Pond, Blandford.

Best jars extracted honev. — 1, Mr.
B. J. Pond; 2, Mr. W. P. Vassie, Essex;
3, Mr. J. Evans, Milton.

Best jars granulated honey. — 1, Mr. E.
Tattersall-Williams, Branton ; 2, Mr.
P. E. Wliite; 3, Mr. A. -E. Warren,
Bletchley.

Best shallow comb for extracting. — 1,
Mr. Baruch-Blaker, Barnham; 2, Mrs.
Baruch-Blaker.

Best tablets of wax 1, Mr. Baruch-
Blaker; 2, Mr. P. E. White; 3, Mr.
Smith, Portsmouth,

Twickenham and Thames Valley
Bee-Keepers' Association.

The second annual exhibition promoted
by the above Association was held at the
Twickenham Horticultural Society's Show
on September 15, at the Town Hall,
Twickenham, and was in every way a suc-
cess.

The exhibits were not quite so numerous
as one would have liked to see them. This
was no doubt due to the exceedingly un-
favourable season. On the whole the
standard was very good.

Messrs. J. Lee & Son, of Uxbridge,
staged an excellent exhibit of hives, etc.,
which was closely inspected by visitors,
who were evidently much interested in
modern bee-keeping appliances.

Mr. A. G. Gambrill, of R-'chmond, de-
livered an interesting lecture during the
evening, and also officiated as judge.

Mr. J. Curtis, of Teddington, was the
most successful exhibitor, obtaining the
silver medal of the B.B.K.A., Mr. C. D.
Burnet, of Twickenham, winning the
bronze medal, and Mrs. Fox, of Twicken-
ham, the certificate of merit.

The following is a full list of awards: —
Open Classes.

Three Bottles Extracted Honey: — 1,

Mr. J. Curtis, Teddington; 2, Green liane
Poultry Farm, Essex; 3, Mrs. Fox,
Twickenham.

Three Sections: — 1, Mr. J. Curtis; 2,
Mr. C. D. Burnet, Twickenham.
Local Classes.

Extracted Honey: — 1, Mr. J. Curtis; 2,
Mr. C. D. Burnet; 3, Mrs. Fox.

Sections: — 1, Mr, J. Curtis; 2, Mr. G.
Patterson, Isleworth; 3, Mr. C. i).
Burnet.

Shallow Frame : — Mr. J. Curtis.

Wax:— Mr. C. D. Burnet.

Granulated Honey: — Mr. J. Curtis.

Home-made Hive Appliance. — Mr. C.
D. Burnet.

M. Byatt, Hon. Sec.

W^^^^

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken oj anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Honey from Laurel.

[10295]— In reply to Mr. Jas. Lee, it is
not the sweet, but the scent, given oflF by
young laurel shoots that is highly
poisonous; it is prussic acid, and the
leaves can not only be used for killing
insects, but I also use them for relaxing
coleoptera and hepidoptera. Strangely
enough, the variegated varieties do not
contain the poisonous elements. — Stanley
A. Blenkarn.

The Season in Berks.

[10296] — The enclosed cutting from this
week's Windsor and Eton Express refer-
ring to the passing season may be of in-
terest.— A. L. Langley,

Bees' Bad Time.

In common with those in other parts of
the country, Berkshire bee-keepers have
secured little honey during the season
which is now at its close. Small quanti-
ties of surplus honey were obtained in
some districts by those who happened to
have their stocks sufficiently strong to take
advantage of the first short flows. Subse-
quently bees were unable on account of
the wet weather to forage properly, or the
temperature was so low at other times
that little or no nectar was secreted. Al-
most continuous rain prevailed while the
limes were in bloom, and bee-keepers were
deprived of the expected yield of honey
from this source. The abnormal weather

464

THE BKITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 23, 1920.

led to swarming, which again prevented
surplus being stored, because the small
supj)lies coming in from day to day were
converted into bees instead of going to tlie
surplus chambers. Only small quantities
of nectar are now procurable, even in fine
weather, and these are being used to meet
current requirements. Few colonies have
more than sufficient stores to last until the
end of the year, and the majority are on
the point of starvation. Some have dur-
ing the past few weeks been found
actually dying for M^ant of food. There
is little jDrospect of weak stocks and
late swarms surviving the winter. ]f
there is no suspicion of disease these small
colonies should be united and fed with
syrup made from 12 lbs. of refined cane
sugar, 8 pints of. water, and a table-
spoonful of vinegar. " Isle of Wight "
disease is prevalent in some parts of the
country. As affected stocks are not likely
to be profitable, it is not worth going
to the expense of feeding them with sugar
at its present high price. They should
therefore be destroyed.

Showing Honey at the Royal
Lanes. Show.

[10297]— I should be pleased if any
other exhibitor at the above Show would
let me know when they received their
honey back by rail. Mine has taken
three weeks to get back, after a good lot
of trouble. Now they say my box was
left on the showground by the railway
company. This is rather funny, as at
most shows all boxes are packed and put
in one heap for the railway company ; and
if that had been done my box should not
have been left behind. When it did come
six bottles were missing from it. My wax
also was packed up with Mr. G. Rose's
parcels, and sent to Liverpool, and I am
greatly obliged to him for returning it to
me. Where my prize cards are I do not
know, but I do know that before I show
there again things will have to bo
managed better. I am not downhearted,
but I like to be treated fairly.— A. E.
Warrrn, Bletchley, Bucks.

[There appears to have been some mis-
management somewhere. Mr. Warren en-
closed a note from the foreman of works
at the Show saying he had found the bo.N
left on the showground, and had taken

it to Lostock Junction and returned it.

Eds.]

The Honev Flow in Dorset.

[l()2m'}^Mr. Kettle (page 434) is mis-
taken in the conclusion he draws from
what T said. He appears to look on it
as a sneor at his position. I do not know
what his position is, and if I did I would
not be such a cad as to sneer at it, I hope.

What I mean is that it would be inter-
esting to know how the perpetual bee-
weather and honey flow in. Dorset (Corfe
Mullen) is accounted for. Perhaps life
is not too short for Mr. Kettle to give an
explanation. Mr. Harper (p. 441) seems
to be a bit puzzled, too. — R. B. Manley.

Winter Feeding of Bees

" [10299]— With regard to the subject of
feeding bees I think perhaps a repetition
of the elementary chemistry of sugar may
be of interest if you can spare the space.

Oane sugar and beet sugar are forms of
sucrose. When sucrose is hydrolysed —
boiled with an acid — it changes to a mix-
ture (called invert sugar) of glucose — dex-
trose or grape sugar — and fructose, fruit
sugar.

Each of these substances interferes with
the crystallisation of the other by lower-
ing the freezing point, and fondant sugar
is the result.

Honey is invert sugar produced by
chemical action in the bee from the suc-
rose in nectar.

Glucose can also be manufactured from
starch by hydrolysis and commercially the
contact agent is a mineral acid. This is
known as brewers' glncose.

Now imported honey has often been
subjected to the addition of brewers'
glucose for the purpose of assisting the
blending and running into jars, and I
venture to suggest that in consequence it
is likely to be detrimental for winter food
for bees.

On the other hand syrup from cane
sugar is sterilised and free from pollen,
and in some districts is more suitable for
wintering than natural stores, especially
where early candying prevents assimila-
tion without the addition of water.

I see that the absence versus the
presence of pollen in the food is being
discussed. I do not want to be conten-
tious, but it seems possible that modern
disease weakens the power of the bee to-
digest pollen rather than sugar.

I have always been at a loss to under-
stand the prejudice against the use of
beet sugar, unless it is due to the cal-
cium hydroxide used in its manufacture.
However, at the present time this last
point does not arise owing to the absence
of beet sugar from our markets. — E. G.
Tremlett.

Fxcessive Swarming.

[10300] — My experience witli rogai-d to
on(^- stock may bo interesting, so I record
•it.

I bought it — an old English Black
strain — last year, and lifted two supers
off it in June. Unlike my other stocks,
which swarmed incessantly, it showed no

Sept. 23, 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

465

signs of swarming till about July 21, when
all enormous swarm issued, and voluntarily
returned at once. The following day it
issued afresh, and I returned half, catch-
ing the queen. The rem.ainder olung to a
dense holly bush, whence I finally ex-
tracted it on July 24 with a second queen,
which I also caught, and returned her
followers.

Again, a huge swarm issued on July 29,
and was returned less its queen.

On August 4 I took it with two other '
stocks to a wide expanse of heather on the
Mendip Hills, and, as the population was
so enoiTnous, gave it three supers.

I visited it on August 8 when bees were
well up in the supers. I however found
a knot of bees outside the entrance on the
ground with a young queen, which I
removed. On visiting the bees again, on
August 15. I found the hive three-quarters
empty. They had evidently realised their
ambition at length about the 12th or so,
and swarmed.

I at once reauoved the supers. On
going through the hive to-day~ I found It
"broodless and obviously queenless,
tenanted by a few haggard and dejected
workers and an over-large proportion of
blousy drones.

Fortunately, I am expecting my third
Italian queen from the Ministry of Agri-
culture. But is it not very unusual for
a swarm to issue so late and for so
strong a stock to collapse so completely,
especially with so much room and with
hundreds of acres of ling under its nose?
— H. W. Kettlem^ell.

Bee-Keeping in N.E. Yorks,

[10301] — You have lately invited bee-
keepers from various parts of the country
to send you reports of the honey harvest.
I have seen no word from N.E. Yorks yet.
Are there no bees or bee-keepers left
about Whitby? During the few warm
days we had before this memorable
August departed I took the opportunity
of visiting the moors while the heather
was at its best.

The first day we walked from Scar-
borough to the once-famous Levisham,
and on to Newton, but saw only two hives
of bees in the twenty-odd miles, though I
hear of a number having been sent from
Malton for the heather harvest. The
second day we left all roads and tracks,
and struck st4-aight across the )noor
towards Goathland. What a wealth of
purple bloom, unbroken for miles, and
never a bee to gather the tons of wasting
nectar! The heather reached to our
waists, and clouds of nollen almost
choked us as we pushed through it.
This is a very lonely and wild district.
No motor-car or cycle has ever approached

it, though as we rested on one of the
numerous prehistoric burial mounds — so
common on the moors — we could see the
long, perfectly straight, strip of Avhite
road where chariots and horsemen
probably enjoyed the very same scenery
as they journeyed from York to Whitby
two thousand years ago. This particular
piece of country seems to have been free
from invasion ever since, as even ib^
trippers and other holiday-makers do not
seem to have discovered it yet. Indeed,
so little has modern life influenced the
very few inhabitants that at one of the
farms we visited none of the family had
ever been to school, and they could
neither read nor write ! This is the
twentieth century !

We eventually made our way 1o T?e
more populous " Esk Vallev, and fin.nllv
home again over the Whitby Moor. We
found several lots of white heather^ of
both varieties now flowering, but no hives
and no bees. I suppose they have suc-
cumbed to the " I.O.W." disease. But
it seems strange that in these moorland
areas the cottagers do not keep a few
hives each, and utilise that great natural
wealth around them. There is a small-
holding not far away, consisting of a sub-
sta-n<-ial little stone cottage and out-
buildings, four or five acres of grassland
and " tillage," and about forty acres of
moor, with heather all round it. It is
difficult for a man to make a living on
it; yet a dozen hives of bees would pay
his rent, which is only £12.

I see the Rev. E. F. Hemming sneaks
ahout the oak being out before the ash.
"Hops the reverse ever occiir? — Jno. B.
T1CKI.E.

Bees Building Comb in the Open.

[10302]— Mr. W. S. Half ord's account
of bees in a hedge is very interesting. We
have had a similar experience in a neigh-
bouring garden. A fortnight ago we were
asked to take away a swann which had
settled on a bough of a tree. The bees
were in an unfrequented part of the gar-
den, and no one had seen them arrive.
We found what appeared to be a large
swarm hanging under a bare and exposed
branch of an elm tree, about ten feet
from the ground. Holding a skep under-
neath, a vigorous shake dislodged some
vei-y angry bees and disclosed good-sized
conibs built on to the branch. Exit the
operator with many stings, and pursued
by a crowd of infuriated beesj

A few days later a skep was tied to the
branch, two long skewers were put right
through skep and combs to support the
latter; the combs were cut away and a
cloth placed over the skep, and tlie bees
were safely removed, this time without

466

any stings being received. They were
then shaken oS the combs and run into a
hive, being given some frames of brood
and honey from another hive. There
were betiyeen three and four pounds of
bees, Italians, with a nice-looking queen.
It would be interesting to know whether
Italian bees, coming from a warmer
climate, are more likely than our native
bees to build in exposed places. Per-
haps some of your readers could give an
opinion.— Emma Heatly, Trottiscliffe.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 23, 1920.

Feeding with Imported Honey.

[10303]— Will you kindly insert the fol-
lowing in your next issue under the head
of correspondence?

Mr. Hughes' letter (10,284) states: —
"I always boil the honey in bulk and
dilute it afterwards with water," and
then continues : " Diluted honey goes
mouldy and would cause trouble with the
bees." Why does he recommend diluted
honey unaer these circumstances, or does
he mean only sufficient is to be made to
feed at once? What is the proportion of
honey to water ?— Vernon R. Dean.

[Mr. Hughes means that the honey is
only diluted when given to the bees. The
amount of water will depend on the den-
sity of the honey. Three or four fluid
ounces to each pound of honey will
generally be sufficient.— Eds:]

Queries reaching thi$ office not later than
FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING will, if
possible, be answered in the " Journal " the fol-
lowing Thursday. Those arriving later will be held
over until the following week. Only SPECIALLY
URGENT queries will be replied to by post if
a STAMPED addressed envelope is enclosed. All
queries must be accompanied by the name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publica-
tion, but as a guarantee of good faith. Corre-
spondents are requested to write on one side of
the paper only.

Queen Emerging Through Base
of Cell.

[99(i3] — I came across a rather curious
case in one of my hives yesterday, and
should like to know if you have ex-
perienced a similar.

I gave a frame of candy and a queen
cell to a weak, queenless nucleus, but the
wasps discovered a side entrance, and,
after a fierce fight, took possession of the
hive, the bees huddling in one corner.
The cell was due to hatch the day after.

but on looking in three days ago I found
the above state of affairs, the cell being
left in the cold, so I concluded it was
chilled, but I left it in, as I intended to
sulphur the few bees and the wasps later.
Yesterday, however, on looking into the
hive I noticed that the queen had eaten
through the ba.se of the Cell, and I found
her, a fine, big virgin, with the dozen
bees left.

I enclose cell for your inspection. It
seems curious that the queen should have
hatched out, in spite of no covering bees,
this very cold weather, also four days
late, yet turn out bright in colour and
large in size. — S. Polhill.

Reply.- — It is the only case of its kind
we have heard of. Of course, the young
queen did not liberate herself, but we
should say either bees or wasps gained
access to the cell by getting into the cell
protector, and, by biting away the wax
at the base of the cell, enabled the queen
to " back " out. There can be no doubt
she came out that "way, for the cell is
intact except for this hole.

Dealing with Wasps.

[9909]— The wasps are doing immense
damage to my bees. Can you recommend
a remedy? They have killed a la to
swarm and extracted all the honey, and
are now attacking the regular hives.
Have narrowed entrances. — A Regular
Subscriber.

Reply. — The following plan is from the
Record for November, 1913. We have
not personally tried it, as, fortunately,
we have never been troubled by wasps to
any extent. It is as folloM's : — "In this
great year of wasps it has been hard to
preserve our bees from their much
stronger and more active foe. With a
weak lot, the mere narrowed entrance is
of little use, and often ends with a great
loss of bees if not a clean rob-out. A late
and very weak cast I have guarded in this
way : Take a strip of f-in. wood, say 7 in.
long, and tack to it a wider strip of ^-in.,
so that it projects about -^ in. Narrow
the entrance to a bee-space or rather more,
and f\x these joined strips of wood on
the alighting board, so that they make a
tube runnino- at right angles to the en-
trance, which is in the middle of it. If
you like you can, of course, close one
entrance of the tube, but I have kept
thom both open. It gives the bees more
freedom, and I can almost say that not
a sinfjlc wasp or robber-bee gets past the
guards in this bewildering ^ and easily
defended passage. I expect, indeed, that
the fact that the portico has daylight at
both ends makes it more puzzling than it
would be if one of them was closed."

Sept. 23, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

467

CoTTespondents desiring an anawer in the next
issue should send questions to reach this office
NOT LATER than the FIRST POST on MONDAY
MORNING. Only SPECIALLY URGENT ques-
tions will be replied to by post if a STAMPED
addressed envelope it enclosed. All questions must
be accompanied by the sender's name and address,
not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee
of good faith. There is no fee for answering
questions.

A. E. S. (Loughton).— Time to cease autumn feed-
ing.—This is one of those things for which a
definite date cannot be fixed. As a rule, it should
be not later tdian the end of September. It may
vary in different parts of the country, and aeoord-
ing to the weather, but we should say under the
most favourable conditions it should not be pro-
longed beyond the first week in October.

D. M. S. CEante).— Moving bees in January.— (i.)
It is not advisable to move bees in the winter, as
the jarring disturbs them. If they must be
moved, then pack as directed in "The British
Bee-keepers' Guide Book," page 119. It will bo
better to move them during the next six weeks
if possible, or leave them until March or April,
(ii.) Adminsons, Lt-d., Port Hill House, Benson,
Oxon. (iii.) We cannot eay; it would depend on
the weatJier. If it was warm they might do it
in a fortnight or three weeks.

Suspected Disease.

W. F. Jones (Anglesea), J. Sheard (Wakefield),
C. Arden (Sheffield), E. iM. Keen (Birmingham).
— In OUT opinion the bees sent were affected with
" I.O.W." disease.

G. S. T. (Denbigh).— (a) There are symptoms of
" I.O.W." disease. Better send some, alive, to
Dr. J. Rennie, Mareschall College, Aberdeen.
(b) The brown mass in cells was pollen, (c) If
there is any quantity of unsealed honey it is
safer to extract it. A little, say, up to between
1 and 2 lbs. will do no harm, ae the bees will
probably use it before it ferments. The danger
from unhealed honey is that it is likely to
ferment. It will not harm the bees if it keeps
sweet.

Bee Shows to Come.

A nominal charge of 2s. 6d. is made for notices
{not exceeding 7 lines) in this column, 10 lines
charged 39. 6d., up to 15 lines 6s., which covers
cost of insertion from order till dati »/ show. Cash
should accompany orders for insertion.

October 2 (Saturday), Rochester.— Combined
County, Northern and Midland Division Honey
Show, Masonic Hall, Gundulph Square, Rochester.
U Classes open to members of K.B.K.A. — W.
Carter, 2, York Road, Rochester, Secretary.
Entries closed.

October 5 to 8.— Essex Fruit and Honey Show
»t Institute of Agriculture, Chelmsford. Open from
12 to 8 p.m. Admission free. Lectures and demon-
strations each day.— Schedules from G. R. Alder,
7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.

October 19 to 22.— Dairy Show, Agricultural
Hall, London. Open Classes for Honey, etc.— Par-
ticulars, Secretary, Dairy Farmers' Association, 28,
Russell Square, London, W.C.I.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Classes in Honey
Section.— Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road. Worcestej. Entries cl<»e Novem-
ber 6.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per Jm., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS.

HIGH-CLASS HONEY (white), in 7. 14 and 28-lb.
tins, 2s. lb.; also in screw-cap bottles. 28s.
dozen, f.o.r.— WHYTE. Bee Farm, Cumbernauld,
Dumbartonshire. h.205

WANTED, set Lantern Slides on Bee-ke«puih.
State description and price.— BRIGHT. Cox-
hill, Lymington. Hants. h.a06

FOR SALE, IJ cwt. fine quality Honey, also
three high-grade Italian Queens, through
having to unite stocks. Stamp reply.— CROWE,
Merriott, Crewkerne. h.207

FOR SALE, two strong Stocks of healthy
Hybrid Italian Bees in Taylor's Hives, nov.
last year, £3 15s.; also June Swarms on 6 and 7
frames, £2, carriage paid; box 10s., returnable.—
JAYS, Bellavista, Pour Marks, Alton, Hants. h.208

OVERSTOCKED.— I have still a number of
splendid Colonies of Italians and Hybrids for
Sale, 1920 Queeus, and of Penna's strain, with
W.B.C. hives or travelling boxes, as desired. They
are on 10 frames each, with ample stores, and I
guarantee safe delivery and reasonable prices. —
Inquiries to CURTIS HART, F.R.H.S., The
Gardens, Tolmers. h.209

THREE-FRAME NUCLEUS, 25s.; young Fertile
Queen, 5s.— FURBANK, 1. Whitefriars Road,
King's Lynn. h.211

WANTED, imported 1920 Carniolan Queen.—
Particulars to HARRISON, Shaw House,
Witheral, Carlisle. h.213

1 Q9n FERTILE ITALIAN HYBRID, Simmins'
i-iJAi\J strain, 8s. 6d.— WILLIAMS, 17, Aveling
Park Road, Walthamstow, E.17. h.212

PURE ITALIAN BEES, 6-frame stock, 60s.;
10-frame stock, 90s.; box 10s. extra, returnable.
—FRANK WAKEFIELD, Hindolveetone, Norfolk.

h.214

WANTED, genuine pure British Honey, prefer-
ence slight heather blend, fully ripe;
samples. — GRIMSHAW, Queen's Buildings,
Rawtenstall. h.215

1Q9n HYBRID Italian fertile Queen, 7s. 6d.
^-0^\J by return of post.— LILLEY, Lamarsh,

Bures, Suffolk. h.216

TWO surplus 1920 Queens, one pure Italian, one
Banat Origin, 7s. 6d. each.— HARPER, 39, St.
James iRoad, Watford. h.217

IGHT" DISEASE, prevention and removal;

advice 5s.— ALF. RYALL, Cottage Farm,

near Camp, Stroud. r.h.l87

FOR SALE, about 35 Stocks and Swarms of
Hybrid Ligurian Bees on 8 to 10 frames and
Nuclei; mostly this year's Queens; excellent
workers.— REV. A. H. HALLEY, Crathie, Welline-
ton College, Berks. r.h.79

WANTED, Cheshire's Diagrams.— KENWARD,
Berwyn House, Lewee, Sussex. h.ll2

468

THE BEITISH BEE JOUKNAL.

Sept. 23, 1920.

BEE BOOKS, MAGAZINES, wanted, especially
Allen, Butler, Cheshire, Huber.— J. MOIR,
Librarian, Scottish Bee-keepers' Association, 64,
Polwarth Terrace, Edinburgh. r.h.l86

BUSXITESS ADVEKTISEMEITTS.
Ijd. p€r word.

ITALIAN QUEENS.— Signer Penna is sending us
a few selected Fertile Queens, which we can
offer at the unusually low rate of 7s. 6d. each.
Orders in rotation. Supply very limited. —
PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. h.221

PORCHTLESS BABY MASHEATH received.
More than satisfied. Workmanship certainly
a revelation. Glad I had the porch attachment;
will be very useful. It certainly is ' nobby.* " —
R. R., 14/9/20. A dead cert. No mistake either. —
ATKINSON, Sole Maker, Fakenham. h.219

SURPLUS QUEENS from driven bees, all this
year's rearing, mostly black stock, 5s. each per
return.— OLARIDGE, CJopford, near Colchester.

h.220

SACRIFICE.— Must be sold. Forty Fertile 1920
Black and Hybrid Queens, 5s. each; delivery
by return.— PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough.

h.222

MASHEATH ME.MIS.— " They 6»eem beautifully
made and finished."— H. T. B.— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. h.210

AUSTRALIAN HONEY FOR FEEDING
BEES.— Cases containing two tins, about
60 lbs. each, 110s. per case; 1 tin 56s., carriage paid
100 miles. Remittances with ordejs.— SOUTH-
WOOD, 95, Acton Vale, London. r.h.l90

O SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.-Flavine or
Plain Candy, same price, 6 lbs., 10s., postage
Is. 3d. extra; larger quantities by passenger or
goods train. Made in Cambridge, and the
wrappers on the Flavine Candy bear our name and
the maker's address.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. h.2l8

GENUINE pure (Jolden Italian Queens, imported
direct from Penna. Can now supply per
return. 100 due in 14 days. Prices while they last :
One Queen, 9s.; two, 17s.; three, 24s.; specially
selected, 10s. 6d. each.— GOODARE, Italian
Specialist, New Cross, Wednesfield. r.h.l77

FOR TWOi WEEKS ONLY.— To clear, 40 Fertile
1920 Black and Hybrid Queens, 5s. each;
delivery by return; unique bargain.— PEARSON &
GALE, Marlborough. li.223

"I ST AND SILVER MEDAL, Sections. Surrey
J- County Show. Entered hurriedly after some
best of crop had previously been consumed
(forgetful beggar!), won in a Masheath 16 x 10
Hive without excluders.— ATKINSON, Sole Maker,
Fakenham. r.h.l75

CRAWLING DISEASE.— Reliable treatment for
curing and prevention; recipe 2s. 6d.— A. W.
SALMON, Cashfield, Chingford. r.h.l62

4 -FRAME NUCLEI, headed by 1920 Italian
Queen, 50s.; box charged lOa., returnable;
6-frame Stocks, 70s.; 8-frame Stocks, 903. Imme-
diate delivery (weather permitting). Italian
fertile Queens, 10s. 6d. English Run Honey and
Sections wanted.— LEE, " Little Bowden Apiary,"
Burgess Hill. Sussex. r.g.U4

PURE ITALIAN QUEENS, prompt delivery;
select Italian, extra golden, rare honey-pro-
ducing Block. August-September.- ATKINSON.
Fakenham. r.(r.24

TTAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
■*-L If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB.
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

"TSLB OF WIGHT" DISEASE.— Don't worry;

X use the solution that cures; 2s. per bottle.—

E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.d.l49

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE, 'Marl-
borough. 11.131

Australian Honey for
Feeding Bees.

CasfS containing two tins, about 60 lbs, each,
110s. per case, 1 tin 56s., carriage paid 100
miles. Remittances with orders. —

SOUTHWOOD, 95, Acton Vale , London.

AYRSHIRE AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.

Sixty-Sixth Annual Show of DAIRY and
FARM PRODUCE ; also BUTTERMAKING

COMPETITION at
KILMARNOCK, ""''' * 22nd October.

Special Competitions for POTATOES,

VEGETABLES. FRUIT AND HONEY.

Also ALLOTMENT HOLDERS' CLASSES and

HOME BAKING COMPETITIONS.

Total Premiums - £S00. Entries close, Friday.

Stb October. Premium Lists on application to — ■

JOHN HOWIE, Sec, 58, Alloway St.. Ayr.

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address :

Signor Gaetano Piana,
Castel San Pietro.
near Bologna, Italy.

All Queens are roared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W, Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiary
and methods employed, with yrbicb
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOR 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,

9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of all Qneens, but not the introduction.
Bees dead upon arriral must be sent at once to " B.B.J."
Office.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signor
Piana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ." and
" B.K.R." can be addressed to him, c/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.a.
Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

THE

British Bee-Keepers' AssociatioD.

Insure now against loss by
damage done through bee
stings. All particulars from

W. HERBOD-EEMPSAXXi, 23. Bedford
Street, Strand, lK)ndoii, W.C.8>

Sept. 23, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Ill

Preserve your Bees during
the Winter by feeding with

PINK BACTEROL
BEE CANDY

Manufactured by

HAWKES BROS., LTD.,
— Chelmsford, Essex —

Prices on application.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazacu' " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.Z.

BARGAINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING.

Blue Serge Trousers for Working Men 12/6
Blue Serge Trousers, as new .. .. 14/-
New Blue Serge Trousers, best quality .. 21/-
New Holeproof Troupers, highly recom-
mended 18/-

New Bedford Cord Breeches, Officers'

quality 42/-

New Cord Riding Breeches, strapped .. 22/6

Khaki Drill Trousers, Officers' quality . . 10/6
KLaki Drill Jackets with pockets.

Officers' quality 10/6

Khaki Drill Trousers, ordinary .. .. 7/6

Khaki Drill Jackets, ordinary .. .. 7/6.
New Blue Drill Overalls, complete with

pockets 12/6

New Oilskin Overcoats, extra quality .. 26/6

Army Waterproof Ground Sheets, 72 x 36, braes

eyelets, slightly soiled, 9/- for 2, 4 for 17/-.

Now is the time to buy Blankets;

WBITE TO-DAY TOR LIST OF

Black Rubber Combination Cyclists* Suits, com-
plete with Sou'wester, 20/-; cost Government
63/-.

New Heavy Workmen's Boots, 18/9 pair.

New Brown Boots, all sizes, 22/6; worth
double.

New Full-size Australian Wool Blankets, 21/-
each.

New Full-eize Australian Grey Blankets, 18/6
each.

New Full-size White Fleecy Blankets, 16/9
pair.

Selected Army Wool Blankets, all colours and
sizes, 1 2/- each.

Heavy Woollen Check Fringed Rugs, new,
22/6 each.

Heavy Woollen Check Motor Rugs, 30/- each.

they will be very scarce and dear later.
NUMEBOUS OTHUR BARGAINS.

SACAR'S UNIVERSAL STORES (Dept. 29), ARDWICK, MANCHESTER.

8/

POST FREE

Of the Author, S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

' SIMMINS "A MODERN BEE FARM"

Nearly 500 pages. A few more copies at 8/-. Any further edition must cost 50% more

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manvfacture oj bre
appliancea. and therefore my prices will be adrave^ed 10% from May 10th. Boots exct.pied.

ii

RACTERO! "

mJ crko orrc MLmA

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

The cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleassuit odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

Post Free. Menley House, Hatton Garden, E.C 1.

DwD

EST CLEARING and
WINTERING BOARD,
SUPER CLEARER, &c.

Necessity for all Bee-Keepers
all the year round.

IVIEADOWS. SYSXON, LEICESTER.

POSITIVE FACTS. >«. 13/ Mg-

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer It to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back of the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in i6 X lo frames.

Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY

Illustrated Lists free by vast.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Aoiary, BROMLEY, Kent

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 23, 1920.

Illilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitini^

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at

Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods.

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives,

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate

despatch.

CANDY. Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Price 1/6 per i-lb.,

carriage extra.

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION.

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used.

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an

Apiary," post free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appliance Makers,
WORMIT, FIFE.

Telegrams :—" Bees, Wormit." Telephone •.—28 Wormit.

^IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Nil nil mill lllllllll III IIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIilllilllllllllllllllllllllilili

n i«^^. " Cee's Bee $uuplie$* s

^ In design, material and wor
-" ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still

workman- fX

retain W

the reputation of being your best and w

safest investment. O

a a 0 w

C[ Our 1920 ILLUSTRATED CAT A- w

LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O

contains detailed information on the M

most up-to-date hives and appliances M

for which the House of Lee is iamous. "^

a 0 a W

fj W^e regret the necessity of having Jl(

" to advise our Customers that owing W

to the increased cost of production, all w

piices in 1920 price list are subject to O

10% increase. The increase will not *^

apply to orders received before May 10. M

**• Five per cent discount to Members of }^

THE APIS CLUB. M

.o<g><g>.cgxg>o-

JAMES LEE & SON,

(Telegramt : Graphic ly, Uzbridge.

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

Telephone: Uzbridge I8i.)

LTD.,

antt^n^tcnn^iiiiirnntttrnritt^titrttnttntditnritrtcrrtttctr

PaiNTED BY THi AvENUi Prms (L. Dpcoti Giu. A SoN. LTD.), 55-67, Deury LiNi, London, W.C, aii»
Pdulisuio PCS THE Propbiktob (W. Hirbod-Hempsau,), by SIUPKIN, MiBtHlU., HlHUTOa,
Kent k Co.. Ltd.. 31 A SI. PtTiRNOiTiK Bow, B.O.

British Br Jotibnai, and Bn-EBPiB«' Adyibu. S^iember 30, 19eo.

L. ! Ir? f-^ A H^ Y of th <

OCT 2 3 1920

otHK^m.

& JBce-x^ccpcrs
Adviser.

ovWeekly Journal Devoted ^ol/^^tr(x^J
^ the Interests oj r-^^ ^^-^
Bcc-Kcepers.

'ice:.

No. 1997. Vol. XLVIII

SEPTEMBER 30, 1920.

IPublished every ThuTBday, Price 2d.

Honey v. Sugar for Winter Feeding 469

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 469

A Swarming Problem 470

Notes on Bee-keepino 472

The Crocus 473

Grocers' Exhibition 474

British Bee-keepers' Association 474

Sheffieid and District B.K.A 475

PACK

PAOI

Correspondence—

De Virginibus— and Othars 476

Introduction of Virgins 476

Mongrel Bees 477

Bees in a Tree 477

Comes from Other Hives 477

Novelties for 1920 478

Bee Shows to Come 478

FOOD FOR BEES.

Owing to the continued bad weather there is a
Hkelihood shortage this Winter. To prevent loss
of Stocks order at once TAYLOR'S renowned

SYRUP

In tins, 71b., 14 lb. and 28 lb. at 1/3 per lb.,

Carriage extra.
We are in a position to supply, without vouchers,

the best

CANDY

made from pure Sugar, plain or medicated, 1/6 lb.
Carriage extra.

E. H. TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

Telephone— WELWYN 13.

11

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 30, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Office: 23, Bedfoo-d Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAJT, P.L.S., &c.,
and J. HEBItOD-I]:E3y[PS'AI.I., F.E.S.

Correspondence : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Subscriptions. — Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance ; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — ^Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money.— Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamp.s
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashii:)^ them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yon are advised to insist on this being nsed wben
dealing with strangers.

Bales and Conditions for Depositing

In order to sane trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be oarejully read over by persons usinff
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched until notice that
the money Jias been deposited is received from
this office. '

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the de^posit to both partie©, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the .seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2J
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after makiag the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are soeured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Clie<iue9 must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hcmpsall, and crossed " London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.

We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval. — All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances. — In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hoia
casli until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, snbject to
conditions as in Clauso 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will bo dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
nsk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such OS are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be ireturned, each party to the trans-
action mus't pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Postage

A Modem Bee Farm ... ... 7/6 ... 8id.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)

Advanced Be« Culture
(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 6id.

Beginner's Bee Booik (PiiiLiTT> 5/- ... 4d.

BEE-KBBPIN6 SIMPI.IFIED
FOB THE COTTAGER AUD
SMAU^HOIOIEK (W. HCBBOD-
Hkmpsall. F.E.B.) !/• ... 2d.

BRITISH BER - KEEPERS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers 2/6 ... 3d.

Clotli coTers 3/6 ... 4d.

Dissectible Model of Queen
Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FEBTII.ISATION OF FRUIT
BIK>SSOMS BY BEES (I. W.
Cowan) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hops) ... -/6 ... Id.

Honey Vinegar (Riv. O. Bancks) •/2 ... Id.

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock) 6/- ... 4Sd.

Prevention of Swarming
(Wilkes) 1/- ... Id,

Pollination d Fruit In rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hoopir, F.B.H.S.) •/6 ... Id.

PRODUCING, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEB PRODUCE (W.
HebbiOD-Hehpsall. F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing
<Dooi,itti,») ... 4/- ... 3Jd.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening ./6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.

Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... l^d.

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.
THE BEE WORI.D (supplied

only to members of Aesociationfl

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... l^d.

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(TiCKNEB EOWABDES) 7/6 ... 4id.

Britisk Bee Jonmal & Record Office,

St, BiDFORD ffrnsm. stkand Loiisoir. W.at.

Sept. 30, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

466

Honey v. Sugar for Winter
Feeding.

We have always been an advooate for
leaving bees their own natural food,
honey, in preference to extracting every
bit of honey possible from both supers and
brood chamber and feeding back sugar-
syrup in its place. "We notice in Glean-
ings in Bee Culture for September the
editor is at one with us on this point,
but his notes are headed " Good Honey,"
etc. This qualification should be noted;
better good sugar-syrup than inferior
honey. Owing to the hieh price of sugar
many bee-keepers are buying imported
honey, which is cheaper than sugar, for
feeding purposes, but iwe would warn
them to get a frood-quality honey. Editor
Eoot says : " There is no greater foolish-
ness in all bee-dom than to extract honey,
or extract too close, and feed sugar-syrup.
When honey was relatively higher-priced,
almost two to one, there was some justi-
fication for feeding syrup, but now that
sugar-syrup is more expensive than honey
the good bee-keeper will of course let the
bees have their natural food. It will be
admitted probably that sugar-syrup is the
equal, if not the superior, of good honey
durinq the coldest port of the winter,
irhcn there is no hrood -rearing, but after
that starts, in February and March for
outdoor-packed hives, honey is unques-
tionably better. Honey, as we now know,
contains vitamines and other essential
elements that neither sugar-syrup, nor
even combs of pollen, contain." What we
cannot quite understand in the passage
just quoted is why, if there is no greater
foolishness than to extract honey and feed
syrup, there is any justification for so
doing when honey is dearer than syrup.
The relative prices of the two can make
no difference to their relative value as
fogd for bees. We say the good bee-
keeper will always, if possible, let the
bees have their natural food.

Further on in the same article an in-
stance is given of an extensive bee-keeper
who fed sugar-syrup to one portion of his
bees in the autumn, another portion being
allowed their natural stores, honey from
all kinds of sources. Both lots were
packed the same for winter, and came
through all right till March. The spring
was very bad, and bees were confined to
their hives for a month or six weeks.
The sugar-fed bees died out almost en-
tirely, while the bees with natural stores

came through in fine condition. The
sugar-fed bees could not raise brood owing
to the unsuitability of sugar-syrup for
that purpose, and the bees spring-
dwindled.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

The season of 1920 is over for bee-
keepers. A new year for apiarists is just
about to begin. Now? Yes, now! Wo
must begin to make preparations for next
year's honey flow. Bees will be packed
down with bee ways or Rymer boards on
the top of the frames, a nice cake of
candy will be slipped under the quilt
which may need renewing once or twice
before spring feeding commences. Those
stocks which had no, or scarcely any,
stores should be united up to stocks of
strength in numbers and honey. Wires
across the entrances will prevent mice
entering the hives. All signs of wax moth
should be removed, apiciire on the floor-
board, and napthaline balls in the
quilts will do more than a little towards
keeping the bees happy and healthy.

Jusit at this tim^ hees get demoralised,
dLsgracefully so at that. I extracted a
box of shallow combs a week ago, and,
after extraction, placed them back for the ,
bees to clear ivp. Alas! every bee in the
apiary smelt out that honey, and the hive
in which the extracted combs were be-
came a castle besieged on all sides. Ex-
perience makes fools wise, so never again
do I give extracted combs to a stock, un-
less it Ije at night, to bo removed in the
m.orning. This particular hive lost all
too heavily in its endeavour to keep rob-
bers at bay. Not till I had covered the
hive with sacks soaked in carbolic did
the besiegers cease their warlike and
thieving intentions.

Apart from the purple clover bloom and
mustard there is very little nectar about ;
our friends, the knapweed, and rest-
harrow are running to seed. The weather
has been windy and wet, with occasional
fine days these two weeks last past.
Nights are decidedly nippy, but when one
reads of snow in Westmorland and floods
in Cheshire, one feels thankfiil that the
weather has pennitted the bees to take a
flight most days. In a few days' time the
ivies will be in full bloom, and when the
days are warm everv drain of nectar will
bo extracted and the blossoms fertilised,
so that the seeds may be ready for the
pigeons in winter. But although 8ep-
teniber has, like its two preceding months,
disnppointed us this year as far as our
honey gatherers are concerned, it has its
usual beauties. The tinted hedges, the
variegated trees, the brilliance of the

470

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 30, 1920.

ampelopsis and Virginia creeper, the soft
brown earth where the ploiiglis are busy
just now, all add their charm to Septem-
ber. Newly-ploughed fields are, more-
over, smothered with rooks and daws and
starlings. Already birds are coming back
to us from Norway and Sweden, while
swallows and martins are preparing for
their cross-continent flights to where in
a warmer atmosphere the older birds may
shed i.heir feathers and re-plume them-
selves for another spring. Each year
brings its outstanding features. What I
have noticed particularly this past summer
is the large number of weasels, snakes and
herons. Weasels are a blessing ; they prey
on rats and mice, and a weasel or two
in the vicinity of the apiary will keep
marauding mice at bay — not so snakes.
In 1917 I saw no snake; in 1918 one;
in 1919 one, but this year I have seen
scores. They are timid creatures, and
soon dash oflF at the sight of human beings
unless they are in a particularly com-
fortable spot, and it happens that beneath
a hive is such a spot. I am not sure how
many bees a snake would want for a good
meal, but judging by what a toad will
consume, I imagine that a snake would
soon polish oflF a hundred, so if you go
near a hive and hear a hissing noise com-
ing from underneath, a stick had better
be used for breaking the reptile's back.
Does the ash ever come out before the
oak? is a question asked in last week's
JouBNAL. Yes, it did in 1917, biit not in
1918. In 1919 the oak and ash had a
neck and neck race, and I think the ash
won by a few hours; but singularly, the
elms, which are generally well clothed
long before oak and ash have hidden their
branches behind green tracery, were left
behind, and were the last trees to cover
their winter nakedness. This year, the
elms were unusually early, while the ash.^
■were remarkably late. So far as my ob-
servation goes, oaks come out each year
with little variation^ — at the most three
or four days — ^while the ashes seem to de-
pend altogether on February's weather,
and the elms are guided by the dryness
or wetness of the winter season. When
elms are late in flowering they hold their
leaf till late in the autumn ; ashes, when
out late, fade off early, and when out
early liold tenaciou.sly to their leaves until
forced by autumnal gales to let them go.
The only fault I have to find with Nature
in there is »o much of it. One cannot
keep pace with the lessons she is continu-
ally teaching iis, so one must concentrate
on one sul)jix-,t; and if I notice the earli-
noss or lateness of trees, the wealth or
moagronoss of flowers, it is beeause they
have something to do with the honey
flow. So while I am making candy, clean-

ing section racks, overhauling empty
hives, and other things to do' with an
apiary, I shall be watching the drooping
of the lime and poplars, as these trees,
like the cypresses, exude a sugary sub-
stance of which the bees are very fond. —
E. F. Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

P.S. — Referring to onions as a remedy
for bee diseases. This has been known
for some time. A year ago I remarked
that bees worked onion and leek flowers
as a tonic. That excellent antiseptic,
Yadil, is produced chiefly from garlick,
and no bee-keeper should be without it.
— E. F. H.

A Swarming Problem.

A short time ago you were kind enough
to answer some questions of mine about
dividing my stock of Italian bees; per-
haps the sequel may interest you — the
sequel, that is, so far as it has developed.

My bee adventures seem never to end,
but always to leave something "to be
continued in our next."

If you remember, I was leaving home
in the middle of April, and as I found
a good many queen cells started, and
drone brood formed, I was afraid the bees
might swarm in my absence. So I cut out
queen cells and put on a rack of sha,llow
combs. I hoped the bees would work in
this, and with your approval I was going
to use it to divide the stock on my return.

I came hom.e on Tuesday, April 27, and
was obliged to be out the whole of the
following day. My annoyance on my
return at being told that the bees had
meanly taken advantage of my absence
to swarm was turned to relief when I
heard that after clustering on a shed
for a quarter of an hour they had gone
back to the hive. Now they must be
ready for division, I thought, and the
next day I gathered an astonishing
amount of apparatus round me and pre-
pared for the fray.. But there seemed to
be so few bees in the rack and so few
stores below (much less than when I went
away owing to the bad weather that had
intervened) that my inexperienced heart
failed me, and I decided to leave the
decision to Nature and wait for a swarm.
Nothing happened that day ; I waited
in vain for " the scene of joyful enthu-
siasm which rarely fails to communicate
itself to the bee-keeper," so graphically
described in the text books. I was has-
tily summoned to witness it on Friday,
but my own enthusiasm soon departed
when after a mad dance in the air the
bees draped themselves on the front and
logs of the hive and finally went in.
I was now as keen on getting that

Sept. 30, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

471

natural swarm as I had been previously
on making an artificial division ; and on
Saturday I hardly stirred from the gar-
den. My patience was rewarded w^hen
the bees came out onoe more, and this
time clustered on the post supporting an
espalier pear. They were nice and lo\^-
— and I do dislike wobbly ladders — and
the only question was whether the post
would prove too firmly fixed to shake. I
was immersed in my bee library, weigh-
ing the relative merits of brushing the
bees down, or smoking them up, when
the problem was solved for me. The post
may have been immovable — the bees were
not — and back to the hive they went.

This was getting past a joke, and that
afternoon I went to take counsel of a
more experienced bee-keeper. But his
bees were a steady and self-respecting lot.
All he could say was, that they had be-
haved so, perhaps three or four times in
a quarter of a century — and mine had
done it three times in four days 1 How-
ever, he was sure the bees would swarm
properly the next day if the weather
was suitable. ,

- Sunday was showery and overcast, not
at all inviting for bees. Still I didn't
dare go out, but hovered over my flock
till 1.30, and as they were quite quiet,
then T went indoors for an hour. At
2.30 I came out once more — to see the
all-too-familiar sight of a hive wreathed
in bees. By now I was desperate — I
couldn't contemplate spending the rest
of my natural life glued to one spot wait>-
ing their pleasure — and I decided to
divide them whether the time were propi-
tious or not. I rushed indoors for my
appliances, and coming out with the col-
lection saw a cluster of bees up a pear
tree. Evidently, in addition to those on
the hive, a swarm had gathered there
during my hour off guard. They were
much too high up for my taste, but with
someone to hold the ladder I got them
into a skep. Now I made a mistake.
The swarm wasn't big, and partly to in-
crease its size, partly because I had
read that hees wouldn't forsake brood, I
decided to add a couple of combs from
the parent hive. But a sharp shower
came on, and I was hvirried, and — with-
out noticing, I put in a comb with a
qtieen cell on it. You can guess the
sequel. On the Monday I was shocked by
an " S.O.S." call to my beautiful new
hive that I thought I had established so
nicely. While the swarm was in the air
an agitated gardener (who hates bees)
came running to say that the parent hive
was swarming also. Two .swarms at once!
Only those hands as raw as myself can
sympathise with the hectic hoTir that fol-
lowed. I fled from one swarm to the

other, syringing each with water, afraid
to lose sight of either, and in the inter-
vals opened the two hives. The new one
hadn't much in it, and the offending
queen cell was soon out. But the other
had six or eight ripe queen cells. As I
watched, one' princess came out, and
others seemed ready to do so. I cut out
about half a dozen, but didn't dare to
be too drastic in case I left this hive
qucenless; and a high wind was blowing
all the time, which made manipulation
awkward, and made me afraid of chilling
the brood; and then, too, I didnt like
to leave my two swarms too long, so my
examination wasn't very thorough. When
it was over I turned my attention to the
swarms. The cast from the original hive
was up a fairly high apple tree, but I was
getting inured to ladders, and took it in
a skep all right. The other swarm was
mast conveniently placed on another low
espalier in just the sort of place to en-
courage a beginner. I hadn't anotlior
skep, but I used the half of one of those
double " pilgrim " travelling baskets in
vogue ten or twenty years ago. I placed
the two swarms on boards near their re-
spective trees, and went in to a well-
deserved dinner. Now, Mr. Editor, I
should be glad of your comments on what
followed. I planned that in the evening
when returning the swarm to its hive, I
would add the cast to strengthen it, at
the same time removing the old queen
and lotting the virgin go in, to ensure the
stock having a young queen. Was this
idea all right? (Yes.— Ens.). All the

afternoon I kept an eye on the swarm
and the cast in their respective basket and
skep, into both of which the old bees left
drew in nicely. Then T left them for an
hotir and a half. Before 5.45 I went out
to hive them — and found the skep empty !
I was never so sold in my life. I could
understand the cast flying off if they
had done so before, but isn't it very un-
usual for it to have left the skep? They
could not have done so in a mass, but
must have come out and re-clustered after
4.15; and as the gardener does not leave
till 5.30 it is a marvel how they could
have done so unseen. I am quite sure
that they did not trickle back to the
parent hive during the afternoon.

[It is not unusual for a swarm or cast
to abscond. — Eds.]

I should be very glad, if, in addition
to telling me what you think of this, you
would also let .me know whether it is a
common occurrence for bees to return to
the hive so often before swarming, and
whether Monday was not very soon for
a cast to issue, even counting from the
previous AVe<Inesday when the swarm first
came out? My bees are becoming a by-

472

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 30, 1920.

•vvord in the family, wiio are inclined to
regard tlieni as pests rather than pets^ —
all we can say in their favour is that if
they don't give much honey they give a
novice plenty of opportunities of prac-
tice.—M. T.'

[It is not unusual for a cast to come
out. only a few days after a swarm has
issued. Much depends on previous con-
ditions. If these are normal the cast
visually comes out about the ninth day
after the swarm, but should the weather
be unfavourable for swarming when that
event is due, i.e., about three days before
the first virgin is due to emerge, jand the
swarm is delayed for perhaps three or
four days, it follows the cast will most
likely to come out only four or five days
after the swarm, if the weather is suit-
able. In the above case the old queen
was unable, or unwilling, to go out with
the swarm, and thus delayed the event
some days. She might eventually be
lost or deposed, and the swarm issue with
a young queen. The second swarm,
headed by another young queen, would
normally follow in about three or four
days. — Eds.]

Notes on Bee Keeping.

A knock at the door. " Heigh, bi

shai-p, master. " "Why, whatever "

"Oh! mon, a bee-f eight, folk wi yeads
like Pat said th'edjog looked like — a
pin-cushnon wi pins stuck in rung road! "

"But " "Oh! do come win yo?

Piccs flyin' abate in aw d-erections.
Women skarking like jays, as if some-
body were sticking um like a pig. Such
a mess as I ne'er seed afure; they flyin'
in thouses an sheds, folk conna hoppen
their durrs and windurrs, but they flyin'
abate th'inside o't' hou-fes everyweer. " I
arrived on the scene, and found it
exactly as my friend had stated. It Avas
the old familiar song of robbing. Angry
bees were dashing about in all directions;
they had cleared out the poor man's lamb
• — a new beginner, with only one stock,
this suffering from " I.O.W." disease,
and bees too weak to defend themselves
against intruders. Once the bees become
accustomed to plunder, so far as they are
concerned, "necessity knows no law" —
they must have honey, or a substitute,
at all costs. Hence the bees entering
people's houses during an attack. We
were busy removing the cause, when a
voice tang out : " Ayr dun yo gerum
inside thive, mester, in fost place, before
yo start tacking thoney from um? "
" Well, you see, we purchase bees estab-
lished on drawn-out comb — thoso come to
Us in a travelling box, and are trans-
ferred into our own hive — or we some--

times purchase a swarm in a receptacle,
usually a straw skep or swarm box. Upon
arrival we place them in a position where
we intend the stock to stand, and leave
them there until about an hour before
sunset. If we were to leave them in a
place other than where we intend the
stock to stand for any length of time,
the bees will mark the spot, and should
we move them again more than two yards
per day (and then only when the bees
have been flying for the day), quite a
number will be unable to locato their
homes, and be lost." " Oh! But ha dun
thev find their road whoam tut th'ive?
■ — they must be summut like pigins."
" Yes, there is no doubt that bees, like
pigeons, find their way home by land-
marks. The compound eyes of the honey-
bee are set well ap&rt. The ocelli, er
simple eyes (three), on the forehead be-
tween the twO' compound eyes, can be
easily noticed through a strong magnify-
ing glass, and these, according to experts,
are able to see objects at a long distance.
Now, coming back to the question of
hiving, we then start to prepare a mov-
able comb hive for their reception, filling
up with frames of foundation — that is,
sheets of bees'-wax impressed by means
of a machine with the shape of the base
of the natural cells." " Ob! But what
dun yo mean bi a stock or swharm o'
hees? " "A stock is the term used when
bees have already founded a home, with
comb and brood attached, and a swarm
of bees is a company which migrate in a
body, leaving the -parent stock, Avith a
view to finding a suitable home." '' Well,
I see — nai ayr done you ger a swhatm o'
bees int' hive? I should think a chap
stonds er good chonce o' gerrin stung t'
dee-ath — it's a quare job, I'm sure."
" When a stock of bees decide to send out
a swarm, members of that stock who' in-
tend to form part of the migrating body
fill their honey-sac with honey from the
cells in the hive, to last them about four
or five days, and in this condition, gorged
with honey, they are usually happy and
less inclined to sting you, but if the bees
have been hanging abont a week or more
before hiving takes place, they are usually
very vicious and difficult to handle, owing
to all honey having been consumed in
their honey-sac. Now, in the matter of
transferring the bees from the travelling
box to empty hive, as mentioned, the
bees will have to be brought into a state
of subjection. To accomplish this, the
bees nnist be frightened, which is a dif-
ferent procedure than frightening other
members of the animal kingdom. It was
discovered that when smoke was blown in
among the hees, they were at once thrown
in a state of great commotion, and in this
condition they would gorge themselves

Sept. 30, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

473

with honey, rendering them almost harm-
less. An appliance known as the
'smoker' accomplishes tliis. We then do
what is required gently and quickly,
cover up, and leave the bees to gather

nectar " " Nectar I AVhat's that?

Is it summut as grows on trees? "
" Nectar is the product of flowers, and is
met with in varying* ways and quanti-
ties, in all flowers fertilised by insects,
and is produced by Nature as an induce*
ment for insects to visit these flowers,
that they may, by their instrumentality,
be rendered cajiable of the reproduction
of their species. It is supposed by some
botanists that not only is the nectar pro-
duced for this pnrjiose, but also for
nourishing the seeds in their early youth.
The ground for this supposition lies in the
fact that many flowers produce nectar
even after they have been properly ferli
lised." " O-oli ! Well, I'm sure I'm much
obliged to yo for yore inflamation; it's
gerrin' tay time, and mi bally's trovibling
mi abit, so I'll say good-day to yo, mester,
and 'ope to see jo agin some day, and
ha ajiother talk abaat bees; maybi ast
tack it int yead, start misell some day,
and want yore advice; so good-day,
mester."

Our questioner leaving us, wo cleared
up the appliances and returned home,
feeling it was a day not spent in vain.

[I fancy, somehow, I shall be hearing
again from my Lancashire friend, giving
his experience " re bees." W^ith your
kind permission, I will communicate same
to your readers. — P. Lythgoe.

Padgate, Warrington, Lanes.

The Crocus.

Who is the happy man or woman who
has crocuses in flower and bees not far
off? How much greater is his happiness
if he realises just what is taking place.
So I wi'ite in the hopes of adding to the
ha])piuess of some.

Let us imagine a bed of crocuses of
mixed colours. Here is the first to flower
tho beautiful golden yellow ; next comes
.the rather large flower of the purple,
and the white comes about at the same
time; but always the yellow first. Here
they are all ablow in tho sun.

The structure in each kind is much the
same; six eolourod jjetals all joined to
form a narrow tube which is lost to sight
at tiie bottom among the leaves. On tlireo
of these petals and growing from tliem
are the three stameus with short, whito
stalks, and the most l)eautiful arrow-head
anthers. It is these anthers which pro-
duce and hold the pollen so much sought
after by the bees in these early days of
the year. Right in the centre of the
flower is the stigmia, a gorgeous golden

brush. If we press it gently it will
divide into three chief rays, each of them
branched again.

Who knows the crocus seeds and fruit?
We buy the flattened corms of the crocus
in the autumn to plant, not seeds. After
the flowers are over in the spring we
hurriedly knot up the crocus leaves to
make the bed look tidy and make room
for the next flowers to bloom. Let ns
watch one plant for a week or two when
the flower is over. If the seed has '•' set,"
as the gardeners say, we shall see, as the
leaves wither, a small white pyramid push-
ing up among them. Taller it grows until
io is hoisted up on a stalk a couple of
inches long. This is the fruit — a capsule.
Later it becomes dry and splits length-
ways, showing six rows of pinkish seeds.

How have the seeds been " set? " If
we pick a crocus flower we shall find
that the brush-like stignna grows from a
long, white stem which passes down the
centre of the flower and is not joined to
anything at the bottom. But if we pull
up a plant and then trace the stigma
down we shall find that the white stem
of the stigma passes underground and is
joined to a tiny white pyramid which
is the immature fruit. The seeds are in-
side this, but have not yet been fertilised,
and so are not ready to grow.

AVe will stand in the hot sun and watch
the bees on a magnificent purple crocus.
Here one comes all yellow with pollen on
its underside and flies straight on to the
brush-like stigma in the centre. This
forms a good alighting place. The clever
flower wants some of the pollen grains
brought on the hairy body of the bees, and
has provided it.self with a brush as the
best means of getting some.

For a moment we will leave the bee
and follow the doings of the pollen grain.
Soon it begins to push forth a white tube,
which makes it look rather like a seed
pushing out its first tiny root. But this
pollen tube is hollow, and the contents
of the pollen gxain pass down into it.
Longer and longer it grows, working its
wiay down through the stem to which the
stisma is attached and which is also
hollow until finally it reaches that under-
ground pyramid. Hero it winds about
until at last it reaches an opening in
one of the ininiature seeds or ovules.
Then the contents of the pollen tube pass
into the ovule, fertilising it and turning
it into a seed, which later will be capable
of growing into a new c-rocus plant.

How quickly this pollen tube must
crow ! Cro<us flowers are so short-lived !
The third dav generally sees them fallen
over on to their side in such a way that
the tube of the petals is bent and would
not allow the pollen tube to pass. Must

474

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 30, 1920.

the pollen tube then have g»own some
three or four inches in half as many days ?

W© left the bee on the stigma, allow-
ing th^ flower to steal its pollen. Al-
though it wants the pollen for its bee-
bread it can spare a few grains for so
important a piirpose as the fertilisation
of the seeds. It soon leaves the stigma
and crawls to the anthers where it bnsies
itself in collecting more pollen. If when
it was ready to leave the flower it climbed
hack to the stigma it would probably
leave there some of the flower's own pollen
which in the present stage of our know-
ledge we believe to be less good for fer-
tilisation than the pollen brought from
another plant. Fortunately then, for the
fiower, the bee finds it easier to climb
up one of the petals, and it thus leaves
the flower witheut touching the stigma
again.

It is a curious fact that in the purple
and white crocuses the stigma is ripe be-
fore the pollen, while in the yellow ones
the pollen is ripe first. But in either
ease this lessens the chances of a stigma
receiving polien from the same flower or,
as botanists say, of being self-pollinated.
— I. H. Jackson, Warwick.

[Those who are thinking of growing
crocuses for early pollen for bees in the
spring should plant the bulbs now. — Eds.]

Grocers' Exhibition.

As a whole this exhibition is the best
for some years, but, so far as quantity is
concerned, the same cannot be said of the
honey department. It was, however, a
most creditable display, taking into con-
sideration the very unfavourable season.
The position allotted to it was not a very
good one, and the honey did not show to
the best advantage. The task of judg-
ing was no easy one, especially in the
class for light honey, in which almost
every exhibit was worthy of a prize. Two
trophies were staged, two veterans of the
show-bench, Messrs. Pearman and Bryden,
competing, th© former taking premier
honours with a well-balanced and neatly
staged exhibit. Wax was a very good
though small class. There were only two
colonial exhibits — one of honey and one
of wax. The honey was a very fair
sample. The wax -was not so good. The
only appliance staged was a wax extractor
designed bv Mrs. Willis, of Beeswing, Sud-
bury. Tlife judge was Mr. J. Herrod-
Hempsall.

LIST OP AWARDS.

Class 04. Complete outfit for beginner.
— No entry.

Class 65. Trophy or display of honey,
to bo viewed from the front only.— 1 and
silver medal B.B.K.A., Mr. J. Pearman,

Derby; 2, Mr. G. Bryden, Star Hill,
Rochester.

Class 66. 12 1-lb. sections gathered in
the current year (not heather). — 1 and
bronze medal, B.B.K.A'., Mr. G. Bryden;
2, Mr. J. Pearman; 3, Mr. W'. J. Goodrich,
Gloucester; 4, Mr. A. F. Knight, Kenwyn,
Truro; 5, Mr. J. Silver, Croydon.

Class 67. 12 1-lb. jars light-ooloured
honey. — 1 and certificate, B.B.K.A., Mr.
G. Bryden; 2, Mr. W. J. Goodrich; 3, Mr.
J. Pearman; 4, Mr. T. M. Taylor, Newen-
den, Kent; 5, Mr. W. Trinder, Edwin-
stowe, Notts; v.h.c. Major Hadfield,
Alford, Lines, Mrs. Essell, Beven Knoll,
Worcester.

Class 68. 12 1-lb. jars medium-coloured
honey (free from heather).—!, Mr. L. W.
Matthews, Crockenhill, Swanley: 2, Mr.
G. Bryden; 3, Mr. W. J. Goodrich; 4,
Mrs. Essdl; v.h.c, Mr. C. H. Rose,
New Maiden.

Class 69. 12 1-lb. jars granulated honey
(of any year). — 1, Mr. W. J. Goodrich; 2,
Mr. J. Pearman; 3, Mr. G. J. Flashman,
Shenley, Herts; 4, Mr. A. E. Warren,
Simpson, Bletchley.

Class 70. Beeswax, not less than 3 lbs.,
in cakes suitable for retail counter trade.
— 1, Mrs. F. Harris, Sibsey, Lines; 2, Mr.
J. Pearman; 3, Mr. G. Scott, Brandes-
burton, Hull; 4, Mr. W. J. Goodrich;
v.h.c, Mr. J. L. Davey, Spalding, Lines.

COLONIAL HONEY

Class 71. 12 1-lb. jars granulated honey.
— 2 (silver medal), Mr. C. Vailliancourt.

Class 72. Beeswax, 3 1-lb. cakes, judged
for quality of wax only. — 3 (diploma),
Mr. C. Vailliancourt.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The monthly meeting of the Council was
held at 23, Bedford Street, Strand, Lon-
don, W.C.2, on Thursday, September 16,
1920.

Mr. W. F. Reid presided, and there
were also present : — Miss M. D. Sillar,
Messrs. G. Bryden, G. S. Faunch, G. J.
Flashman, G. -R. Alder, W. H. Simms,
J. B. Lamb, J. Herrod-Hempsall. Asso-
ciation representatives, H. L. Stroud
(Essex). R. R. Baibbage (Middlesex), E. J.
Waldock (Hants.), E. Watts (Herts.),
W. E. Hamlin (Surrey), W. M. Valon
(Staffs.), and the Secretary, W. Herrod-
Hompsall.

Letters of regret art; inability to attend
were road from Messrs. T. W. Cbwan,
C L: M. Bfcles, F. W. Harper, W. San-
derson, G. Thomas, E. Burnett and Sir
Ernest Spencer.

The Chairman referred feelingly to the
loss of one of the oldest members of Coun-

Sept. 30, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

475

cil, Mr. E. Bevan, and a vote of sym-
pathy to the widow and family was passed.

The minutes of the previous meeting
were read and confirmed.

The following new members were
elected: — Mrs. E. F. Elias, Mrs. Stock-
ley, Sister Mary of Ipswich, Mrs. W.
Maxwell, Miss M. Heard, Lieut. -Col.
H. W. Kettlewell, Messrs. T. Elston, A. P.
Thomas, H. M. Stich, H. E. Read, E. J.
Batten, F. Colbum, F. H. Dwyer, S. G.
Kayas and W. M. Valon.

The following nominations of represen-
tatives on Council were accepted : —
Devon: R. W. Furse; Kent: C. P.
Jarman.

The report of the Finance Committee
was presented by Mr. Bryden, who stated
that the receipts for July were £48 7s. 2d.,
and the bank balance on August 1 was
£159 12s. 5d. Payments amounting to
£90 12s. 5d. were recommended.

The Herts. Associa.tion applied for a
Preliminary Examination, and the same
was granted.

Reports on Preliminary Examinations
were presented, and it was resolved to
grant certificates to the following: — Mrs.
K. Mcllroy, Mrs. Mappin, Mrs. A. Hol-
man, Mrs. A. Goodrich, Mrs. Painter,
Mrs. N. Joshua, Misses M. L. Barter,

C. M. Holmes, D. M. Cooper, M. Hodg-
kins, E. Mead, D. Adam, H. Adam, K.
Oapewell, S. Fox, E. Beard, R. Laurens,
R. Tamplin W. Miller-Hallett, E. Ben-
dall, E. Fisher, C. Dyson, M. Billing-
hurst, M. Alden, D. Watson, A. Hether-
ington, I. Rutherford, K. Miller, E. Watt,
M. Bindley, M. Tait, K. Anear, J. Frost,

D. Butterfield, K. Wilmot, M. Wray, D.
Welti, V. Browning;, N. King, I. Ruys,

C. Bandiun, K. Woitsley, H. Lambert,
M. Meakin. Rev. E. J. Phillips, Rev. E.
Chilcott, Rev. B. H. Tyi-whitt-Drake,
Rev. C. H. Whitfield, Messrs. C. Walker,

E. Allcock, W. Armor, H. Ward, J. W.
Oadman, J. Piokston, G. E. Cox, K.
Dawson, W. Hodgson, G. G. Ray, H. J.
Sawver, E. C. Scott, W. F. Hayward,
M. k. Watt, W. Hamilton, F. J. Hay-
man, M. Kale, A. F. Bircli, J. Enoch,
J. Winterbottom, P. C. Guthrie, H.
James, T. Morris, W. Comery. H. Aubery,

D. J. Griffiths, P. H. Bray,' W. J. Cook,

F. .Jefferies, E. J. Hawkins, A. E.
Goodead, W. Trinder, C. Wellings, P.
Ryan, R. Harris, W. H. Barnacle, J. W.
Earl, J. Humphries, G. W. Harrison,
W. H. Smith, E. Jeffery, F. Watson, S.
Williams, J. O. Quale, A. W. Austin,
J. C. Anderson, W. E. Sandars, J. B.
Leighton, T. Stanley, H. P. Young, W. E.
Parsons, A. Collett, P. J. Franklin, G. H.
Brooks, J. L. Tickoll, C. M. Rickards,
J. Merrick, P. Slddmore, W. Pullen, H.
Lanchbury, W. J. Bailey, P. Lennard,

A. Holman, T. H. Clarkson, J. Pugh,
J. D. Stafford, W. H. Cook, H. B. Wis-
dom, F. W. Wibberley, H. Slack, A.
Green, W. Davidson, G. Bannister, S.
Milton, R. Roberts and J. Bannister.

Arrangements were made for the
autumn conversazione to be held on Thurs-
day, October 21, 1920, Dairy Show week,
in the Central Hall, Westminster, to com-
mence with a reception by the Chairman
and Council at 2 p.m. At 3 p.m. Mr. G.
Bryden will give his experience of bee-
keeping in Italy. Tea will be provided
for members and friends at 4 p.m., and
at 5 p.m. Mr. J. Price will speak on
" The Production of Heather Honey."

Arrangements were made for the Inter-
mediate Examination to be held on the
last Friday and Saturday in November.

A letter was read from the Aberdeen-
shire Association re examinations. After
some discussion the maJtter was deferred
till the November Council meeting.

Next meeting 'of Council, Thursday,
October 21, at the Central Hall, West-
minster.

Sheffield and District Bee-Keepers*
Association.

A show of honey and wax was held at
the Weston Park, Sheffield, in connection
with the Exhibition of Allotments Pro-
duce, on September 9, 10 and 11. There
was an excellent display of exhibits, and
the staging was extremely well carried
out. The Rev. G. H. Hewison, of Marr,
Doncaster, acted as judge of the exhibits,
and he gave lectures and demonstrations
in the bee tent each day. The lectures
were well attended and much appreciated.

In class 5 there was a splendid display
of comb honey, which well merited first
prize and the award of a silver medal.
The sections exhibited were uniform and
perfect.

Class 8 consisted of a magnificent dis-
play of over 60 lbs. of honey and wax,
in different forms, and reflected great
credit on the exhibitor and well merited
the medals awarded.

Mr. Garwell showed an observatory
hive of three frames fnot for competi-
tion), and this created much interest
amongst the visitors to the show.

Some 36 feet of bench space were
allotted for the bee-keeping prodiicts, and
the space was well occupied. Mr. Gar-
well and other members of the Associa-
tion spared no pains to make the show a
success. One interesting part of the
exhibition was a splendid display of appli-
ances. Everything necessary for bee-
keeping was on show, including a com-
plete W.B.C. hive.

Some photomicrographs of parts of the

476

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 30, 1920.

honey bee, taken by the Eev. G. H.
Hewisou, created much interest, and. were
much appreciated.

The show altogether was a great suc-
cess, and reflects much credit for the work
done by the members of the Association.
List of Awards.

Class 1 : Six bottles of extracted honey.
— 1, Mr. W. Bashforth (also bronze
medal); 2, Mr. P. Ridge; 3, Mr. C. M.
Hansell.

Class 2 : Six bottles of granulated
honey.— 1 and 2, Mr. W. Garwell; 3,
Mr. P. Ridge.

Class 3 : One-pound bottles of extracted
honey. — 1, Mr. W. Garwell; 2, Mr. P.
Ridge: 3, Mr. W. Bashforth. Gift class.
All exhibits in this class to be given to
the Children's Hospital.

Class 4 : Heather honey. — No entries.

Class 5 : Twelve .sections of comb honey.
— 1 and silver medal, Mr. W. Garwell.

Class 6 : Six sections of heather honey.
—1, Mr. W. Garwell.

Class 7 : Two shallow frames of honey.
— No entries.

Class 8 : Display of comb and extracted
honey and wax. — 1 and gold medal, also
a silver medal from the City of Sheffield
Corporation for a most meritorious ex-
hibit, Mr. W. Garwell.

Class 9 : One-pound cake of wax. — 1,
Mr. W. Garwelf; 2, Mr. P. Ridge; 3,
Mr. F. P. Tyas.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by corresponderits. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

De Virginibus— and Others.

ri'Oyn-l] I am afraid Mr. Houston is
doing the craft a disservice by advising
the rerqueening of full stocks with virgins.
It is a very serious thing for a stock to
be without a laying queen for any length
of time. Mr. Houston says, " if the stock,
the virgin, and the weather are exactly
right, a safely introduced vii'gin may, in
about three weeks, be found a laying
queen," the inference being that, under
unfavourable conditions, the period will
be longer. Tt will be found that Italian
virgins nearly always take longer to mate
than natives, and this militates against
the system, to which must be added the
risk of loss through mating. Criticism is

of little use without construction, there-
fore I would suggest the older method,
when a stock is to be re-queened, of
making a nucleus from that stock, stand-
ing them close together, and giving that
(the nucleus), the virgin, allowing the old
queen to hold the stock together until the
virgin is mated and tested, then join up
again. Mr. Houston's "great recommen-
dation " is here just as valuable, with the
added advantage of being able to test the
queen for purity of mating, with no break
of brood rearing in the stock.

Be Colour of Queens A newly-sealed

queen cell, given to a small nucleus, will
always, in cool weather, produce a darker
queen, but as this has no colour effect on
her progeny it is" of little consequence,
unless reared for sale. The moral is evi-
dent : do not use small nuclei.

(10,278) I, like Mr. Manley, cannot
grasp Mr. Judge's remark, that a large
young population saves food in the win-
ter. Perhaps Mr. Judge will amplify.
Also regarding size of frames; if Mr.
Judge' means exactly what he says, I am
in agreement with him, that standard
frames are ideal for surplus honey, but I
prefer the 16 by 10 for brood. I ani
pleased to read the Editorial comment
that Mr. Judge's remarks did not refer
to the Apis Club; I am afraid a great
many readers, myself included, thought
otherwise. Am I correct in presuming
that the writer is not the genial member
of -the Kent B.A.? (Yes. It will be
noticed the initials are F. W. not G. W.)

Metal Gomhs, pp. 453.- — Several users of
the Macdonald combs have complained
that the brood is scattered in these comhs,
and that the queen will not oviposit in
the cells traversed by the sustaining wires.
I am inclined to put most of the blame
on the queen. I enclose a rough photo-
graph of a oomb of " aluminium brood,"
which I think you will agree is fairly
compact. — Gilbert Barratt.

[The photograph shows a comb well
filled with brood. A comb at this oflBce,
given by Dr. Abushady, has also evidently
been filled compactly with brood, but we
notice the cells traversed by the sustain-
ing wires have not been used. This is not
so marked in the photograph, though
there are indications that these cells
would probably be used last, nearly all
the cells on one wire, and about half on
another not being used. — Eds.]

Introduction of Virgins,

ri03(}5] i was pleased to read the
article " De Virginibus " by Mr. Houston
in the B.B.J, of September 16. The direc-
tions given for the introduction of virgins
are good, and may be relied upon to give
excellent results. Mr. Houston says that

Sept. 30, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

477

to leave the hive severely alone for at
least a fortnight after the virgin has heen
introduced " is the heart of the problem
of successful re-queening with virgins."
This is a sine qua non, as I can vouch for
by my own experience, though my
methods are slightly different. I have
found two which have given quite satis-
factory results; they are as follows: —

1st Method. — After feeding the virgin
with honey, she is put in a cage by her-
self for 36 hours over the feed hole. At
the end of that time she is released,
first of all making sure that the hees
are favourably disposed. An examina-
tion is made the next day, and after
finding the virgin, the comb on which
she is found is well sprayed with thin
syrup before replacing in the hive. This
last procedure may be superfluous, but
I use it as an extra precaution. The
hive is then left entirely alone for a
fortnight, or longer, if the weather con-
ditions are unfavourable.

2nd Meihod. — ^^The virgin is placed in
an ordinary travelling and introducing
cage with candy. The colony to which
she is to be introduced is then opened
up and about a dozen nuiise bees (the
very youngest) are picked from the
comb and placed with the virgin in the
cage, which is then placed over the feed
hole and the hive closed. The bees re-
lease the virgin by eating through the
candy. An examination is not made
until the weather conditions have been
favourable, and have lasted sufficiently
long to give full opportunities for the
necessary flight. In determining the
requisite length of time the following
are taken into consideration: —

(1) First week after introduction
not to be taken into account.

(2) If weather conditions tinsatis-
factory during the second week, leave
•well alone.

(3) If weather conditions are
favourable during the second week,
examine at noon on the sixth or
seventh day of that week. Prior to
this examination taking place the bees
are sprayed through the tops of the
frames. I have found that if the vir-
gin has not been out for her flight,
this spraying keeps the bees busy
whilst the examination is taking
place, and thus tends to avert a cala-
mitous consequence.

T. W. Wilkinson.

Mongrel Bees.

[10B06] I would like to congratulate
Mr. Hemming: on his article " Mongrel
Bees." It is pure common sense all
through. The extent to which bees have
become mongrels is deplorable. The con-

trol of mating is, of course, the crucial
point. It would be most interesting, I
think, if some of the queen breeders in
England could give their views on this.
It seems to be so usual for queens to mate
with another variety of drone that per-
haps we must allow that the queens
actually prefer a drone of another variety
or that the choice is on the side of the
drones. What do you think about this
yourself ? •

[Our impression is that queens prefer,
at any rate, a drone from another hive, ,
and possibly of another variety, judging
by the number of hybrids or '' mongrels '"
there are. — Eds.]

I can only say how sorry I feel for
poor Mr. Aveline. There seems little else
to be said. He should comfort himself
with the reflection that your humble
correspondent is in such a state of mental
disability that " reason is beyond him."
I am sure he will find comfort in that.
R. B. Manley.

Bees in a Tree.

|"10307] A friend of mine had a colony
of bees in a cavity of an old ash tree, and
as our experience in inducing them to
leave their home for a skep may be of
interest to other bee-keepers I send you
these details.

Swarms from the old ash tree were
very frequent, and as my friend was
unable to catch any of them he asked me
to try and get the colony out of their
home. First I fixed a stand near the
hole in the trunk and placed on it a skep,
the opening being directly opposite the
bees' outlet from the tree. After a week's
interval there came a swarm from the
tree and made its home in the skep. This
was then put in a W.B.C. hive and the
skep replaced as before. A fortnight
later the whole colony migrated from the
ash tree to the skep, and all are now
safely housed in W.B.C. hives.-— T. Rees,
Ty'r AVaun Apiary, Carmarthen.

Combs from Other Hives.
Intoxicated Bees-

The following cutting may be interest-
ing and amusing.— E. W. Franklin,
Mouldsworth.

The Black Spot.

[The Department of Agriculture, says
a Central News message from Washington,
has received a report from a farmer in
Fairfax County, Va., that he is experieno-
ing considerable trouble with his bees.
They have tired of their regular work
of filling honeycombs, he says, and from
pure devilment have dropped on the
ground under his apple trees and there

478

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 30, 1920.

made themselves drunk by consuming the
oozing juice of decaying fruit. The far-
mer anticipates a serious financial loss
owing to his bees' behaviour this year.]

How doth the busy little bee

Go posfting to perdition — ■
The only U.S. native free

To mock at Prohibition !
From sea to sea no human thirst

Affronts that sober scheme ;
Only the bee is on the burst

And breaks Columbia's dream.

How strange that in th^t land of drought

Our old industrious model
Should take to drink and lie about

Too screwed to fly or toddle!
With all his labours unbegun

He snores beneath a tree
(Forgive an unintended pun)

As drunk as drunk can be.

O Massa Johnson (Pussyfoot),

Ere next you cross our border,
You'd better hustle round and put

Your own aflairs in order;
To all the birds, from rook to wren,

St. Francis preached with ease —
Before you tackle us again

Convert those horrid bees ! — Lucio.

From the Manchester Guardian,
August 14, 1920.

Novelties for 1920.

The '' Willis " Wax Extractor.
This useful extractor has been designed
by Mrs. Willis, of Beeswing, Sudburv. It
is intended more especially for those hav-
ing only a small amount of comb, etc., to
deal with, and it is claimed that it will

r

extract the wax from the toughest brood
combs with about three-quarters of an
hour's boiling. With softer wax it re-
quires no boiling at all, but simply sim-
mering.

Simplicity itself, it consists of a per-
forated basket which, after being filled

with old broken comb, is fastened down
in a container filled with soft water and
allowed to boil until wax is dissolved.
Thereafter nothing remains to be done
but to lift off cake of wax from surface
when cooled, and empty basket of refuse.
The price is 33s., from L. Willis,
Beeswing, Sudbury, Suffolk, or E. H.
Taylor, Welwyn, Herts.

Bee ShoYTS to Come.

October 2 (Saturday), Rochester.— Combined
Ck>unty, Northern and Midland Division Honey
Show, Masonic Hall, Gundulph Square, Rochester.

11 Classes open to members of K.B.K.A. — W.
Carter, 2, York Road, Rochester, Secretary.
Entries closed.

October 5 to 8.— Essex Fruit and Honey Show
at Institute of Agriculture, Chelmsford. Open from

12 to 8 p.m. Admission free. Lectures and demon-
strations each day.— Schedules from G. R. Alder,
7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.

October 19 to 22.— Dairy Show, Agricultural
Hall, London. Open Classes for Honey, etc.— Par-
ticulars, Secretary, Dairy Farmers' Association, 28,
Russell Square, London, W.C.I.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society, Thirteen Open Classes in Honey
Section.— Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar--
bonrne Road, Worcester. Entries close Kovem-
ber 6.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Will advertisers please read these Rules care-
fully in ordier to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per Jire., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A cha/rge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVERTZSEOMENTS.

FOUR STOCKS ITALIAN HYBRIDS, 1920
Queens, guaranteed healthy, two on 10
^/ frames, £4 each; two on 6 frames, £2 10s. each,
„■' including travelling boxes and carriage paid. —
JAMES GLADDING, London Road, Copdock,
Ipswich. ih.224

BEE HIVES, Bottles, Extractor, and other
Appliances for Sale; all good stuff. Send
.stamp for list.- JAMQES GLADDING, London
Road, Copdock, Ipswich. h.225

VACANCY for permanent situation ocoure for
good Carpenter thoroughly experienced in
hive-making and bee carpentry generally; m^ust
be capable of acting as Foreman.— Box 103, B.B.J.
Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.

h.l58

Sept. 30, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

479

BEES EOR SALE, very strong stock, warranted
free from disease, 10 frames, price £4, car-
riage extra— Forest Lodge, Penselwood, Bourton,
Dorset. ^ ^•^•^'

FEW vigorous 1920 Fertile Queens, 10s.; Dutch
Hybrids— H. WILCOX, 46, Lyndon Road,
Olton, Warwickshire. D..2ZS

EITHER HONEY wanted for cash.— A.
GORDON ROWE, 28a, Moy Road, Cardiff.

h.S29

H

FIVE good Stocks, pure Italian and Hybrids,
1920 Queens, in hives with supers, etc., new
extractor. What offer?— "W.," " Rowstock
King's Road, Horeham. h.226

i/'\-FR\ME STOCK, healthy Hybrids. £3; hive
1\J lOe. extra.— TUCKER, Shaw, Newbury,
Berks. ^.255

TWO pure 1920 Italian Queens for 17s. 6d., 9s.
each.— HOLLINGSWORTH, 1st Clase Expert,
Heanor. ^•^'^

LARGE HONEY PRESS, Stand and Tank, 32s.;
worth 708. — McLOUGHLIN, Littlethorpe,
Ripon. h-238

HIGH-CLASS HONEY (white), in 7, 14 aaid 28-Ib.
tins, 2s. lb.; also ia screw-cap bottles, 28s.
dozen, f.o.r.— WHYTE, Bee Farm, Cumbernauld,
Dumbartonshire. h.205

FOR SALE, about 35 Stocks and Swarms of
Hybrid Ligurian Bees on 8 to 10 frames and
Nuclei; mostly this year's Queens; excellent
workers.— REV. A. H. HALLEY, Crathie, Welling-
ton College, Berks. r.h.79

WANTED, Cheshire's Diagrams.— KEN WARD,
Berwyn Hous«, Lewes, Sussex. hua

BEE BOOKS, MAGAZINES, wanted, especially
AUen, Butler, Cheshire, Huber.— J. MOIR,
Librarian, Scottish Bee-keepers' Association, 64,
Polwarth Terrace, Edinburgh. r.h.l86

BUSZITESS ADVIiBTZSEMEirES.
Ifd. per word.

ITALIAN QUEENS.— Signer Penna ie sending us
a few selected Fertile Queens, which we can
offer at the unusually low rate of 7s. 6d. each.
Orders in rotation. Supply very limited. —
PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. h.221

HONEY 9d. PER LB.--Choicest Colonial Honey,
in original cases, two tins 60 lbs. each In
case, 9d. lb. on rail Liverpool; cash with order. —
AYSCOUGH, 3, Duke Street, London Bridge,
S.E.I. Est. 1899. h.232

SAVE YOUR BEES.— Finest Australian Honey,
two 60-lb. tins, 112s., carriage paid lOO miles,
elsewhere 2e. less, carriage forward; cash with
order.— SUNUT, LTD., Australian Merchants,
New Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge, S.E.I.

h.233

MASHEATH MEMS.— "I am more than satis-
fied with the Masheath— I am very well
pleased."— W. G. ATKINSON, Fakenham. h.234

ITALIAN HYBRIDS.— Few small Stocks in boxes
with young Queens, 12s. 6d.; Driven Bees with
ditto, 8s. 6d.; Queens, 6s.— BOWREY, Swallowfield,
Berks. h.z36

AUSTRALIAN HONEY FOR FEEDING
BEES.— Cases containing two tins, about
60 lbs. each, 110s. per case; 1 tin 56s., carriage paid
100 miles. Remittances with orders.— SOUTH-
WOOD, 95, Acton Vale, London. r.h.l90

WIGHT" DISEASE, prevention and removal;
advice 5s.— ALP. RYALL, Cottage Farm,
near Camp, Stroud. r.hJ87

SACRIFICE.— Must be sold. Forty Fertile 1920
Black and Hybrid Queens, 5e. each; delivery
by return.— PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough.

h.222

NO SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— Flavine or
Plain Candy, same price, 6 lbs., 10s., postage
Is. 3d. extra; larger quantities by passenger or
goods train. Made in Cambridge, and the
wrappers on the Flavine Candy bear our name and
the maker's address.— S. H. SMITH. 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. h.218

GENUINE pure Golden Italian Queens, imported
direct from Penna. Can now supply per
return. lOO due in 14 days. Prices while they last :
One Queen, 9s.; two. 17s.; three, 24s.; specially
selected, 10s. 6d. each.— GOODARE, Italian
Specialist. New Cross, Wednesfield. r.h.l77

FOR TWO' WEEKS ONLY.— To clear. 40 Fertile
1920 Black and Hybrid Queens, 5s. each;
delivery by return; unique bargain.- PEARSON &
GALE, Marlborough. h.223

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself ia
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Cfficea : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House. Benson. Oxon.

ISLE OF WIGHT " DISEASE.— Don't worry ;
use the solution that cures; 28. per bottle.—
E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.d.l49

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE. Marl-
borough. r.h.l51

ITALIAN QUEENS

Direct from Italy.

Address ;

Signor Gaetano Plana.
Castel San Pietro.
near &>logna, Maly.

All Queens are reared by the most
up-to-date and scientific methods.
Mr. W, Herrod-Hempsall has
personally inspected the apiarv
and methods emp>loyed, with whiclt
he is perfectly satisfied.

PRICES FOB 1920.

Fori Fertile Queen: August and September,
9/- each queen.

Carriage paid in Great Britain. Cash must accompany
all orders, which will be executed in rotation. Guaran-
teed safe arrival of a\l Queens, but not the introductiofi.
Bees dead upon arrival must be sent at once to " B.B.J."
Oifice.

For the mutual convenience of all parties, II Signer
Plana has made arrangements that all communications,
orders and remitances of the readers of " B.BJ," aiKi
" B.K.R." can be addressed to him, e/o British Bee
Journal, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W,C.a,
Cheques payable to ' British Bee Journal."

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W. HEBBOD-HEMPSAIOi, S3, B«d2ord
Street, Stnad, Irfiiidoa, W.C.a.

480

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Sept. 30, 1920.

liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiii^

I SPECIAL OFFER. 1

I Honey for Feeding Bees. |

I QUICK DELIVERY. |

1 FINE WHITE CLOVER AUSTRALIAN. In cases =

= containing 2 tins, each about 60 lbs., 114/6 per case. =

= FINEST WEST INDIAN. Gases containing 1 tin about 1

= 60 lbs., 68/6 per case ; cases containing 2 tins, each =

= about 60 lbs., 135/- per case. ^

E ALL CARRIAGE PAID (within 100 miles). §

= Cash with Order. ^

= So great has been the demand for our Honey that there has been some =

= little delay in delivering the Australian variety. We beg to apologise ^

^ to those of our customers who have had to wait for their goods. The ^

= trouble has now been rectified and we can promise immediate dispatch. ^

I LONDON TRADING AGENCY, 32, ST. MARY AXE, E.C. 3. 1

insure: yoxjr stocks

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "Yadil" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

AYRSHIRE AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.

Sixty-Sixth Annual Show of DAIRY and

FARM PRODUCE ; also BUTTERMAKING

COMPETITION at

KILMARNOCK, ""''' * 22„d October.

Special Competitions for POTATOES,
VEGETABLES. FRUIT AND HONEY.

Also ALLOTMENT HOLDERS' CLASSES and
HOME BAKING COMPETITIONS.

Total Premiums - £500. Entries close, Friday,

8th October. Premium Lists on application to —

JOHN HOWIE, Sec, 58, Alloway St.. Ayr.

JOT DOWir tli« deficienciefl of yottr prewnt
equipment and your needs for future improved
working. Tliea book for "MASHEATH"
(Begd.) Equipment for autumn conetruction.

The UASHEATH I^IST contains an unique
eeries of Hives unequalled to-day. You slionld

not enter upon another bee season without them.

"The Hivea (Porchless Maaheaths) are excellent
in every way, and I am very pleased^ indeed with
them. ' POBCKIiESS 1 ' Yes, every time. Need
I say more? I will get you to send me two more."
— W. F., June 17, 1920.

The MASHEATH ZCIVES TAIiX as soon as
they are delivered.

ATKINSON, P'S Maker?'' Fakcnham.

Sept. 30, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

Preserve your Bees during
the Winter by feeding with

PINK BACTEROL
BEE CANDY

Manufactured by

HAWKES BROS., LTD.,
— Chelmsford, Essex —

Prices on application.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Nevoapaper,
Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
"Bazaar" publishes also practiccil handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams BuUdingt, LONDON. E.C.2.

BARGAINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING.

FOR 14 DAYS ONLY TO CLEAR.

Khaki Drill Jackets, as new, all sizes, 7/6
Khaki" Drill Jackets, Officers' quality, 10/6

Best quality new full size Fawn Australian
Blankets, 42/- pair.

Beet quality new full size Grey Australian
Blankets, 35/- pair.

Best quality Officers' Bedford Cord Riding
Breeches, 42/- pair.

Best quality Officers' Cord Riding Breeches,
strapped, 25/- pair.

Good quality Cord Riding Breeches, 10/6 pair.

Dark Heavy Tweed Overcoats, suitable fanners,
etc., 25/- each.

Best quality new Army Puttees, 4/6 pair.

Good Blue Serge Trousers, suitable for work-
ing men, 12/6 pair.

Good Blue Serge Troueers, as new, 15/- pair.

Now Blue Serge Trousers, best quality obtain-
able, 21/- pair.

Khaki Drill Trousers, as new, all sizes, 7/6
pair.

THOUSANDS OP OTHER BARGAINS

each. . ,^,^

Khaki Drill Trousers, Officers' quality, 10/6

pair.
Cardigan Jackete, as new, 8/6 each.
Bath or Carriage Sponge, large size, to clear,

1/6 each.
New Holeproof Trousers, everlasting wear,

18/6 pair.
New Blue Trousers, all sizes, 16/6 pair.
New Officers' Poplin Soft Collars, 4/- dozen.
New Officers' Khaki Collars, 4/6 dozen.
New Striped Union Shirts, best quality, 8/6

New indigo Blue Serge Ladies' Skirts, 15/6

As new Indigo Blue Serge Ladies* Skirts, 8/6
each.

SEND rOR LISTS TREE.

SACAR'S ARMY SURPLUS STORES (Dept. 29), ARDWICK, MANCHESTER.

8/

Of the Author, S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

- SIMMINS "A MODERN BEE FARM"

POST FREE Nearly 500 pages. A few more copies at 8i-. Any further edition must cost 50% more

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very nrnch regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the tnanvfactvre of bee
applianeet, and therefore my prices will b* advanced 10% from Hay 10th. Books excepted.

((

RACTEROl "

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of.

" Isle of Wight Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

MKNLEY & JAMES, LTD.,

Menley House, Hatton Garden, E.C 1.

UwD

EST CLEARING and
WINTERING BOARD,
SUPER CLEARER, &c.

MEADOWS. SYSTON, LEICKSTER

Necessity for all Bee-Keepers
all the year round.

POSITIVE FACTS. >«. 13 /. ^^o

I am very pi ea^ed with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly preftr it to any othermake I have, and have
eone the leneth of missing two sheets of other new foundaticn, and working out a sheet of yours placed
I them at thi back of the h.ve. Full sheets have not sagged in the '-^^ -^tifhfLuy? R.' a MANLEY.

Illustrated Lists free by vost.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent

even
behind

IV

THE BBITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Sept. 30, 1920.

FOUR FIRST PRIZES. I

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR |

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at =

Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods. ^

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives. =

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate =

despatch. =

CANDY. Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding ^

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Price 1/6 per i-lb., |

carriage extra. =

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION. §

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used. =

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an =

Apiary," post free on application. =

R. STEELE & BRODIE, |

Bee Appliance Makers, =

WORMIT, FIFE. |

Tefegrams : — " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormit. =

^nlllllllllllllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIMIilinnillllllllNIIIIIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIM

ttt's Bee Supplies. "

^ In design, material and workman-
■^ ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain
the reputation of being your best and
safest investment.

a a 0
Cj Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE is yours for the asking. It
contains detailed information on the
most up-to-date hives and appliances
for which the House of Lee is famous.

fj We regret the necessity of having
" to advise our Customers that owing
to the increased cost of production, all
prices in 1920 price list are subject to
10% increase. The increase will not
apply to orders received before May 10,

•»• Five per cent discount to Members of
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

(Telegranu : Graphicly, Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.)

Puiinn) H TBI Ayimui Prisb (L. Ufoott Qill A Son. Ltd.), 66-67, Druev Lixt. Lovdoii, W.O.. a«»
PvMJBHaB roB THi Pboprictoe (W. Hirioo-Hkhpbul), by giMPXiii, Ifftrf'A'V iHiiiaToa.
Eui k Oow. LtB.. m A aa. PiTiRMonu Sow. B.a

;i__---?iri»AT?YoftT

British Bn Jov&nu. and Br-erpirs' Adyisib, October 7, 1920.

1 - 1920

^glWO^L

TWCow6.n.FL.:
j<j' J.Herroc
Hempanll.r

& JBce-JTXcepcrs
Adviser.

is^ekly- Journal Devoted to
the Interests oj

Bcc-Kcepers.

No. 1998. Vol. XLVni

OCTOBER 7, 1920.

[PubltsAed ererj/ Thwiiay, Price 2d.

oo>faDJE:ivx<s.

PAGB

Seasonable Hints 481

A Dorset Yarn 481

Jottings pbom Huntinodonshieb 482

Jottings , '. 483

Mems. prom Monmouthshire 484

Bee-keeping Instruction 484

Miner and Tapestry Bees 485

Aluminium Combs 485

Notes on Stocks 486

Experiences with Queens in 1920 486

Wintering 487

PAOB

Scientific Wintering *^

Bee Driving in Sark 488

Echoes from the Hives 489

iM'onmouthshire Bee-Lepers' Association — 489
Correspondence—

Bee Notes from South Devon 490

Treating " I.O.W." Disease 490

A Line from Lincolnshire 490

Young Bees for Wintering 491

Notices to Correspondents 491

FOOD FOR BEES.

Owing to the continued bad weather there is a
likelihood shortage this Winter. To prevent loss
of Stocks order at once TAYLOR'S renowned

SYRUP

In tins, 71b., 14 lb. and 28 lb. at 1/3 per lb.,

Carriage extra.
We are in a position to supply, without vouchers,

the best

CANDY

made from pure Sugar, plain or medicated, 1/6 lb.
Carriage extra.

E. H, TAYLOR, WELWYN, HERTS.

Telephone— WE LWYN 13.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 7, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Office: 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.

ESTABLISHETD 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T, W. COWAIT, P.L.S.. &c.,
and J. HERBOD-KI:MFSAX.Ii, F.E.S.

Correspondence ; Whom to Address,—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Subscriptions. — Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance ; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a, printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — ^Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Eemittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for. cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM*

Yoa are advised to insist on this beintf nsed wiien
dealing wltb strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully re>ad over by persons usinff
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— -When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase- money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2J
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed " London
Oounty and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Foetal Orders ahonld be kept by the eender.

We cannot be responsible for any toes that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hoia
caish until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risic, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cafth In full most be sent with order.

Postage

A Modem Be« Farm V/6 ... 8id.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Advanced Bee Culture

(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 6§d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pnxsrr) 5/- ... 4d.
BBE-XEBPINO SIMPI.XFIED

FOR THB COTTAOBB AlfD

SMAIJUaOIiBBB (W. Heerod-

HrapBiOL, F.B.8.) 1/- ... 2d.

BRITISH BEB • KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers 2/6 ... 3d.

Cloth covera 3/6 ... 4d.

Dissectibla Model of Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTILISATION OF FRUIT

BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (I. W.

CowiN) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hon) ... •/6 ... Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rit. O. Bamoks)' -/2 ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Combtock) ... 5/- ... 4^(1.

Prevention of Swarming

(Wilkes) 1/- ... Id

Pollination of Fruit In rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hooprb, P.R.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.
PRODUCING, PREPARING,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

HERaOD-HKUPBALL. F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... Sd.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. SiADBN) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing

(DOOLlTTLt) 4/- ... 3§d.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening ./6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2ifd.

Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... l§d.

MISCEI.I.ANE0U8.
THE BEE WORI.D (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apib Glvm,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... lid.

The Bee Master of Warrllow

(TicKNgR Edwardib) 7/6 ... 4id.

British Bee Jonrnal & Record Office,

tt. BxDrojp 9nMm. stkand Lomsow. w,at.

Oct. 7, 1920.

'mB BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

481

Seasonable Hints.

Syrup feeding should, as a rule, be now
finished, but as in most matters connected
with the keeping of bees, it is open to the
bee-keeper tx> iise his discretion. If the
weather is, warm and .appears likely to
continue so, sj'rup may be continued for
a week or ten days longer. It should be
given warm — almost hot — and, of course,
in the evening. If put in the feeder hot,
and the feeder itself covered with plenty
of wrapping, the bees will take it doAvn
rapidly, and ripening and sealing will be
facilitated. Make the syrup thick, rather
under than over the regulation half pint
of water to every pound of sugar.

The reason for ceasing syrup feeding
now is that mainly owing to the advent
of cold weather, the bees will not seal it
over. Unsealed syrup, or honey, Avill do
no harm to the bees if it keeps sweet, but
during the damp weather of autumn and
early T\inter unsealed stores take up
moisture from the air and are then
likely to ferment. There is, before very
cold weather comes, still warmth enough
inside the hive to enable yeast germs to
grow, and it is feeding on the thin fer-
mented stores during the winter, when it
is too cold to permit a cleansing flight for
perhaps several weeks at a stretch, that is
harmful to the bees.

It is not yet too late to unite where
necessary, but it should be done at the
earliest opportunity. Two weak colonies
in separate hives do not stand much
chance of wintering successfully, or, if
they do survive, are so weak in the follow-
ing spring as to be worthless, so far as
honey production is concerned, that
season. If the two weak lots of bees and
stores are concentrated in one hive they
will make a fairly strong col«ny, with
more than double the chances of "winter-
ing, and coming out strong in the spring.
The probability is that ere the next
seas<m is far advanced the colony may be
again divided and each division give a
good account of itself.

Entrances should still be kept narrow.
About two inches for a strong oolony, less
for weak ones, or, if there are signs of
robbing, down to one bee spax;e.

A Dorset Yarn.

With a week in the west country, one
was able to see the extensive fruit farms at
Topsham, near Exeter ; to see the rich,
red soils of Devon, and what it will
grow. It was an object lesson to the
East Dorset grower to see the fields ft
raspberries in blossom and fruit, with
the bees flying eagerly to the lines of
flowers. At the Denver nursery and

fruit farm many of the newest and finest
raspberries have been raised ; it is only
those that see these large fields of flower-
ing rasps in September who can have any
idea of the immense amoiint of late food
that can be stored away in the brood
chamber for winter use by .bees. There
are acres of plums, apples and pears, to-
gether with fields of gooseberries and cur-
rants, and every conceivable berry that
is grown for food, including the black
raspberry from America. The owner of
this farm is one of Nature's noblemen.
His productive fields, with the immense
wealth of young trees, for this season's
dispersal, in addition to the permanent
plantations, are among the finest I have
ever seen.

At Messrs. Rohert Veitch's nursery
there were many plants from different
parts of the world, and which are not
hiardy farther north. In the south and
west they withstand the elements. One
saw a large bush of St. John's Wort from
China full of blossom, covered with bees,
as were some of the magnolias. This
firm's Exeter branch was like a botanic
garden — to the bee-keeper it was an ob-
ject lesson in plants that bees delight in.
Many of the pea-flowering trees of
Australia were there in bloom, as were
many of the order of Leguminosa, so
m.uch sought after by bees. Then the
herbaceous flowers had bees in great num-
bers, especially the perennial asters ;
these, with golden rod, seem to be a great
source of enrichment to the hive boo, as
well as other bees and flies.

In some parts . near the wilds of Dart-
moor there were bees, but for miles and
miles there was not a bee to be seen,
though the sun shone out in lall its autumn
splendour.

It was our first visit to Devonshire — a
truly wonderful holiday. Where the
waters of the River Dart meet, between
the Two Bridges Hotel and Holme Chase,
running between immense stones, with
primitive bridges made with huge flat
stones placed over big ones to form a way
over the river when in flood ; all showed
that man had used the material at hand
to master the river, and make it amenable
to his will. This seems to be a favourite
spot for tourists, if the number of cars
there was an index of popularity. We

482

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 7, 1920.

passed in the car the road that showed
Buckfastleigh ; the driver told me of
Buckfast Abbey as we went along. One
would have liked to see the bees there,
but it all takes so miich time ; we were all
one day, as it was, we simply told the
driver to motor us to the chief places
of interest, and it took such a long time,
one seems to want to spend days on the
m.oor and in the forests surrounding it
to get the full enjoyment of such grand
moorland and sylvan scenery.

There were pev)eral parties Ion foot,
and one had a sleeping van. This seems
to be the best way to do Dartmoor
thoroughly, as there are so few places
where one can sleep at night. We made
Exeter our base, it was an easy distance
to the Devon coast from Exmouth to Tor-
quay; all the West country we saw was
very pleasing, and the memory of a week
in the West, with its old history, its old
churches, its old customs, and the cheery,
hospitable people, will be a long time
before it passes from the mind of the
Dorset fruit grower. — J. J. Kettle.

[The " Dorset Yarn " this week will
supply the answer to several inquiries,
and explain its absence from our last two
issues. Mr. Kettle has been taking a
well-earned holiday, and revelling in the
beauties of fair Devon, and, we hope,
incidentally gleaning material for further
yarns. Eds.]

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

A thousand rooks or so have settled in
some elm trees overhead, and are holding
one of their mysterious meetings; what
they are all saying I would dearly like to
know. It seems that one leading rook
makes a suggestion and the audience
voices its unanimous approval, or, per-
haps, disapproval. One thing is certain,
they are very happy. The shortening
days, the tinted trees, the harvested corn
do not disturb their peace of mind, they
go on caw-cawing away oblivious of
threatened coal strikes, strife in Ireland
and aught else that is disturbing the
peace of the world. When they have
finished their meeting, they will be
joined by as many Jackdaws and twice
their number of Starlings, and wing away
to clear up the grubs on some stubbled
field, or to gobble up the wireworms,
earth worms and other creepy crawlios
which the moving plough reveals to their
vigilant eyes. The rook belongs to the
crow family, but is distinguishable from
a crow by its lustrous plumage and its

scabrous face. Some rooks stay round
about the rookeries in winter, others move
farther south, and already one notices
many which have come down from Scot-
land, and are halting awhile before wing-
ing their way to counties south of the
Thames. Soon the grey crows will be
with us; wo shall then know that our
brethren north of the Tweed are feeling
the bite of winter. Virgil makes mention
of rooks and their gregarious ways. I
wonder if they chattered to him when
among his bees. Yesterday I went
through six of my hives and a score of
rooks settled overhead to watch, and a
great cackling went on. Whether they
were laughing at me, or offering me
I advice, I know not. Maybe the vision of
a man with his head and face veiled
amused them ; perhaps they thought I was
partially encaged and a fit object for
mirth. Be that as it may, as I closed
down the sixth hive, and made tracks for
the house in response to the luncheon
bell, my black onlookers departed and I
was sorry.

St. Francis of Assisi must have been a
very happy man, since birds of all degrees
sought his company, and he must have
found rooks interesting. Are they bene-
ficial to the farmer? Do they do more
harm than good? In England we say the
good they do more than compensates for
the damage to bean and pea crops, and
the few seeds they consume at sowing
time; but in Scotland they have little or
no praise for them. Now, what did they
see as I went from hive to hive? The first
hive I opened was well supplied with
stores, and the queen, cheered by the
genial weather and the incoming honey,
was laying vigorously; how one loves to
see frames of brood in early October I I
gave .them a bee way and covered them
down for the winter. Hive two was full
of bees, and brood in three combs, but very
short of stores. I am still feeding this
colony with syrup. Hive three was in
excellent heart, plenty of young bees, and
about 25 lbs. of stores. I shall slip a cake
or two of candy under the quilt later on.
The fourth hive welcomed my appearance,
but yet were rather cross, and small
wonder, for as I lifted the first frame of
comb the bottom bar adhered to the floor
board. One knows, of course, what this
usually means — ^wax moth. I lifted the
whole brood box from the floor board and
found that the larvae of the wretched
moth were everywhere. I scraped and
scrubbed the board and cleaned the bars
of each frame, and if ever bees showed
their gratitude these bees did. If you
want to know how bees feel Avhen their
hives have l)een made comfortable after
being compelled to ^exist in discomfort,
compare it to the feeling of ease that is

Oct. 7, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

483

experienced by an invalid who has just
returned to a newly-made bed after lying
in discomfort for a while. In my fifth
hive the same trouble was met with, but
in a lesser degree — this stock had also
much brood, but little store. At the sixth
I had an angry reception, and a dozen
stings was my reward for looking in to see
all was well. It was — bees, and stores and
great plenty. This is my star stock.
Despite the bad season, this colony has
given me some 50 lbs. of surplus, and so
full are the combs down below that they
have even found a way into the space
between the brood chamber and outer
wall, which they have filled with comb,
mostly drone. I should say there is forty
pounds of store here, so I shall possibly
get a few more stings when I go to borrow
a little for a weaker stock. This is all
the rooks saw; I hope they took it all in.
October opened well, and how one hopes
the whole month may be a " St. Luke's
Summer." The opening of the wild mus-
tard and the third crop clover heads is
proving a valuable asset to bee-keepers,
and this past week pollen and nectar have
been coming in as fast as at any time
during the summer, and one feels very
thankfifl. The early morning mists are
very beautiful, biit our hive friends wish
they would vanish an hour earlier than
they do.

What a pest earwigs are ! Is there any
remedy other than the iron shoe?
Naphthaline balls will keep them away
from the quilt, but not from the inter-
stices between the lifts. Powdered mus-
tard will clear them from these secreting
places ; but one does not like using it where
bees are — it may be harmless enough.

We shall be very careful to see our hives
are weatherproof; I find Pluvex roofing
felt excellent for roofs. No, I've no
interest in its manufacture. I have fre-
quently mentioned " Yadil " in my jot-
tings and I hear that I do it because I
have shares in the company manufactur-
ing it. I have not. and don't even know
the proprietors of this valuable antiseptic.
Out in the garden I am sowing borage
seeds, propagating the African box thorn,
planting crocus bulbs, transplanting seed-
ling hollyhocks and anchusas, thinking
as the work progresses of the little insects
who visit all these flowers at one time or
another. Radishes planted six weeks ago
will be early in flower, so also will be the
turnips. Autumn is here, and already we
are looking forward to spring. Meanwhile
let us be prepared— nsinpc the intervening
months cleaning and refixing racks, get-
ting ready sections and frames, which will
be wrapped away in newspaper until
needed for next year's honey flow. — E. F.
Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

Jottings.

Other gambols. Mid-July found me
with a great many small colonies, and the
prospect of an alarming sugar item if
those were to be preserved. The weather
was still very fitful, with little or no sun;
a few days would have made such a differ-
ence then. August came in, and I gave it
up as a bad job; but the next fortnight
more honey was stored in most of my hives
than I had previously secured, and all
were thus able to receive a substantial
addition of natural stores, with a welcome
decrease in the sugar bill. I don't remem-
ber getting honey in August to this extent
before. Colonies were ready in numbers
for the few shining hours. I don't think
we had a hot night at all. Four small
apiaries in a half-mile triangle came out
very curiously; four colonies on one side
had ample stores and a good few sections,
two at an end got hardly anything, and
the other point have enough to live on.

I visited a lady beginner somewhat out
of my distance, who feared she had
diseased brood. I thought this serious
enough to warrant the visit. I had a
lovely cycle ride, with spurts of sunshine.
Half-way on I had to take cover on a
friendly stile, with a convenient tree and
bank, as it had not forgotten how to rain.
We were able to get on after half an hour
or so, and were quickly taking in the possi-
bilities o^ a splendid clover crop, red and
white, on one side, and miles of heather
on the other — a sight few of us can often
see. I think.

On reaching my destination I found one
colony which looked as if it was enjoying
fhis prospect, and in spite of two racks
and a shallow box were laying on the front
in hundreds, stopping what air there was
to be found — at least, so I thought. The
doubtfuls contained nothing more than a
nicely developed but unfertile queen. And
what vicious beasts they were ! The brood
in the bottom was all drone, but the cells
in the shallows, where her majesty was
found, contained eggs, seeminglv perfect,
but an interval was apparent; if this was
so she must have lately mated. However,
as they were in disgrace on account of
their vicious behaviour, it was decided not
to prove this, and arrangements were made
to re-queen them.

I have recently successfully introduced
four Italians, two in large colonies and
two in nuclei. One nucleus developed a
second batch of queen cells during the
period before the queen was released, ond
T was relieved to find her laying all right:
the others did not make this apparent
safeguard, while the new-comer was in the
cage, so even here nothing is certain.

Another colony where a oast was appa-
rently safely returned lost its queen after

484

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 7, 1920.

a spell of drone laying, so it is obvious, if
we interfere with their arrangements we
must duly examine to verify all correct, or
no honey is the result, and perhaps no
colony in another case.

A. H. Hamshak.

Mems. from Monmouthshire

I feel it my duty to begin this by*

g,pologising for my appalling writing,
which has caused one or two errors to
appear in my recent notes. Someone has
thrown away the copy of the Journal con-
taining them, but " early date honey "
should read " early dark honey," and
" cases of ' Isle of Wight ' disease,*'
cures of ' Isle of Wight ' d'sease."

I seem to be somewhat at cross-purposes
with Mr. Hemming. I certainly under-
stood him, so I think would anyone else,
to say tliat a strange drone was promptly
pitched out of any hive that was not
queenless, before the general drone
slaughter.

Of course, I am aware that a hive whjch
has turned out its own drones will not
acce^it those from other hives. As for the
stuff about drones "palling up" and
" escorting " each other — come, Mr. Hem-
ming, you surely do not expect to be
taken seriously I

I wish the bees here were forecasters of
the weather as Mr. Hemming's are. Here
they are obviously unable to foretell bad
weather even a few- hours distant. Time
after time this year swarms have issued
during a bright spell, followed by torren-
tial rain before tboy could be hived. In
fiowie cases where the swarm was not
Keen to issue, they liave hung in a half-
drowned condition for days together. I
think that in the national interest the
Rev. E. F. Hemming should present one
of his stocks to the Royal Meteorological
Society.

During the past season I witnessed an
incident which I have never seen de-
scribed, and which must, at any rate, be
sufficieritly rare to be worth recording. I
was hiving a swarm headed bv a laying
queen; not seeiug her run in, I looked at
the skop, and found her sitting on the
side. Just as I was going to pick her up-
sh ? took Aving, and was at once liotly pur-
sued by a drono. This went on for about
five minutes, and then the queen rested
on a Iraf. The drone evidently missed
hfr, and then flew away. To anticipate
possible criticisms, T wonld repeat that tho
qiieen Avas certainly a normal fertile
qiieon ; she was a native, and, I think, a
iniO queen, but of this T an; not sure, a's
the stock originated as a SAmym that came
out of a trep at the end of May. T could
not see what race the drone was, but it

was a droiie. Editorial coinments wpi^ld
be interesting.

[The drone must have made a mistake.
Possibly the queen was not wearing her
/wedding-ring, or whatever symbol bees
use to denote the married state, or the
drone did not notice it. So far as we
know, a queen remains always faithful
to her first mate, and never takes
another.— Eds.]

On reading the notes from other eouii-
ties I think this must be a very highly-
favoured district. ■ It is true we do not
get sections filled from wallflower blossom,
nor frames — or bars, as it now seems
fashionable to- call them in the Journal —
from Christmas roses. But we have a fine
show of nectar-yielding blossoms tlirough-
out the season. It may be of interest to
mention some of the diief of those grow-
ing within easy reach of my own hives :
Fruit blossoms in plenty, sycamore, vast
quantities of hawthorn (why do the bees
only want this about one year in five?),
birdsfoot trefoil, holly, Dutch clover,'
limes, and blackberries. Five miles away
I have two hives which have the run of
fruit blossoms, trefoil, clover, and heather
—both JE. cinerea a.nd Calluna vvlqaris.
This year the bell heather has yielded
most. The stock of natives, referred to
above, although beginning as a 3-lb.
swa»m late in May, is now on two brood
chambers, and has yielded 24 lbs. of ex-
tracted honey. The"sAvarm which came off
m July was returned, the brood being
put at the top, a la Demaree, and a young .
queen hatched out and mated there. After-
wards the two brood chambers were put
together with the young queen.— G. R.
Strong, Magor, Monmouthshire.

Bee-Keeping Instruction

AT THE GORDON INSTITUTE, WELL HALL.

Residents of Eltham and the surround-
ing district will be interested to leam
that a series of bee-keeping lectures and
demonstrations are to be given at the
Gordon Evening Institute, Grangehill
Road, Eltham, during the winter months,
to be followed by a summer course at
©ulham Apiary, New Eltham. Mr.
W. H. J. Prior has been appointed in-
structor by the Education Authority of
the London Couhty Council. The lectures
will be free and afford an unique oppor-
tunity to those interested to acquire both
technical and practical knoAvledge of the
subject. The winter meetings will be on
tho second Tuesday in each month, com-
mencing October 12, at 7.30 to 9 p.m
Inquinee should be made of the Re-
sponsible Teacher, Mr. E. C. Pierce, at
the Institute, or of Mr. Prior, Culh'ara
Main Road, New Eltham. '

Oct. 7, 1920.

THE BETTISH BEE JOUENAL.

485

Miner and Tapestry Bees.

I was very much interested in the Rev.
E. F. Hemming's account of miner and
tapestry bees, and I am sending the fol-
lowing from Goldsmith's " Animated
Nature." I trust it may be of interest
to my fellow bee-keepers and lovers of
nature : — ■

" The ground-bee builds its nest in the
earth, wherein they make round holes, five
or six inches deep; the mouth being nar-
row and only sufficient to admit the little
inhabitant. It is amusing enough to ob-
serve the patience and assiduity with
\\hich they labour. They carry out all
the earth, grain by grain, to the mouth of
the hole, where it forme a little hillock —
an Alps compared with the power of the
artist by which it is raised. [I have seen
hundreds of these little hills on a sandy
bank, and I can only describe them as ex-
tinct volcanic craters in miniature. — W.]

" Sometimes the walks of a garden are
found undermined by their labours, some
of the holes running directly downward,
others horizontallv beneath the surface.
They lay up in these cavities provisions
for their young, which consi.st of a paste
that has the appearance of corn and is of
a .sweetish taste.

" The leaf-cutting bees make their nests
and lay their egges among bits of leaves,
very artificially placed in holes in the
earth, of about the length of a toothpick-
case. They make the bits of leaves of a
roundish form, and with them line the
inside of their habitations. This tapestry
is still further lined by a reddish paste,
somewhat .sweet or acid. These bees are
of various kinds; those that build their
nests with chestnut leaves are as big as
drones, but those of the rose-tree are
smaller than the eommon bee.

"The wall-bees are so called because
they make their nests in walls, of a kind
of silky membrane, with which they fill up
the vacuities between the small stones
Avhich form the sides of their habitations.
Their apartment consists of several cells,
placed end to end, each in the shape of a
woman's thimble. Though the web which
lines this habitation is thick and warm,
yet it is transparent and of a whitish
colour. The substance is supposed to be
spun from the animal's body; the males
land females are of a size, but the former
are without 'a stincr. The mason bees
make their colls with a sort of mortar,
made of earth, which they build against
a wall that is exposed to the sun. The
mortar, which at first is soft, sooji becomes
as hard as stone, and in this their eggs
are laid. Each nest contains seven or
eight cells, an egg in every cell, placed
regularly one over the other. If the nest
remains unhurt, or wants but little re-

pairs, they make use of them the year
ensuing, and thus they often serve three
or four years successively. From the
strength of their houses, one would think
these bees in perfect security, yet none
are more exposed tlian they. A worm
with very strong teeth is often found to
bore into their little fortifications and
devour their young.

"' The wood bee is seen in every garden.
It is rather larger than the common
queen-bee ; its body of a bluish-black,
which is smooth and shining. It begins to
appear at the approach of spring, and is
seen flying near walls exposed to a sunny
aspect. This bee makes its nest in some
piece of wood, which it contrives to scoop
and hollow for its purpose. This, how-
ever, is never done in trees that are
standing, for the wood it makes choice of
is half rotten. The holes are not made
directly forward, but turning to one side
and having an opening sufficient to admit
one's middle finger, from whence runs the
inner apartment, generally twelve or fif-
teen inches long. The instruments used
in boring these cavities are their teeth.
The cavity is usually branched into three
or four apartments, and in each of these
they lay their eggs, to the number of ten
or twelve, each separate and distinct from
the rest. The egg is involved in a sort of
paste, which serves at once for the young
animals' protection and nourishment.
The grown bees, however, feed on small
insects, particularly a louse of a reddish-
brown colour, of the size of a small pin's
head."

There are three other kinds of bees I
have heard of — -^he poppy bee, carding bee,
and orange-tailed. Could some reader
versed in the order Hymenoptera kindly
enlighten me on these. I have" studied
Lepidoptera, and have a fine collection of
these, but I am very much delighted with
the hive bee and those of the same order.

W.

Aluminum Combs.

In commenting on the aluminium comb,
]\Tessrs. Root supply useful information so
far as their own experience goes, and
from reports to hand. In dealing with
foul brood in the metal combs the article
.states : — ■" We boiled the combs for 15
minutes and found that was not long
enough, so we just kept on. After three
hours we fount? the* cocoons, and most of
the decayed matter, stayed right in the
colls, and they certainly were far from
clean, and surely could not be rewaxed in
tint condition. " Steam at high-pressure .
bloAvn on the combs removes most of the
cocoons in time, but not all. In handling
the combs we note some of the edszes of
the cells were bent. In some colonies we

486

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 7, 1920.

used aluminium combs entirely, in others
some aluminium and some drawn combs'.
Except during a few weeks in summer,
when conditions are most favourable, the
queens do not do as good work as in the
drawn combs, but lay their eggs very
scatteringly."

" It is noted that where the two kinds
of comb were used together with an
aluminium comb in the centre no eggs
were deposited in it, and where only
aluminium combs were used the colonies
dwindled. In the spring and fall the
combs are too cold and the brood is
chilled. The beps refused to store syrup
in cool weather, but stored in the drawn
combs."

" We have learned of some jvho are
objecting that the combs get too hot. The
Editor of the Australian Bee-keeper
said that he had no use for metal combs,
as they frequently have temperatures of
from iOO deg. to 120 deg. Fahr. in the
shade, and he felt the metal would become
so hot as to cook the brood, just as it has
done in some parts of our own country. " —
A. W. Salmon, Cashfield, Chingford.

Notes on Stocks.

I was distressed to see how many stocks
are starving owing to want of food. In
my district the weather is like mid-
summer, but an eye has to be kept on the
brood box. Where good honey can be
bought, one ought to take advantage of
this, as it means a great lift-up if fed
slowly,

I found it a vpry great advantage to
leave my supers of shallow frames on and
leave the hive entirely alone except for a
look under quilts now and then. After a
warm day one seeg numbers of bees again
in the supers, after having tnken what
there was into the brood combs. I saw
new brood hatchinnr and tbon flving. and
the supers are now black with bees. Later
T took off tbe top one, which I found un-
capoed. and the large super is getting
well filled. T am not saying tbis out of
nure brag, but bep-keppers wont to know
how some people do thines, pnd pick up
hints thfit another time mav be useful.

Also, in the sprinpf T hope to get some
f?ood swarms, to let those who are in want
have them. I have one larfre stock left-
for this. I am nursinor another larjre one
which has to go to Sootlnml earlv sprinc.
^o far, bv the look of thiTi<TS, T have all
hone to pull it throufrh this winter. T
sold some good stocks this la^t season, and
hear good results of this hardy strain.
When the fine weather broke out a large
,swnrm issued from one of the hives to
mv deliqrht. and T hivpd it, and jrlad to
say it is doing well, but no supers on.

Feeding slowly with honey has a wonderful
effect.

It would interest many if people wrote
more about the condition of their bees —
far more than about bee-keeping we have
heard so much about. Just at this time
we are going through a bad time, and
suggestions help a great deal. Here is
one : I re-queened in July, eight queens in
all, by the platform method, and it seems
to have stimulated the hives to a high
pitch. I did this in case of a bad winter, -
and it's repaid me tenfold. I also sold
queens to apiarists, who are delighted at
results, as the swarming was so bad it
weakened the stocks to a great extent. —

C. TkBD CROFT.

Experiences with Queens
during 1920.

The past season has been a remarkable
one in many ways, and more especially so
with regard to the behaviour of queens.
Practically no virgins have mated in the
district around here since the latter part
of June — ^a serious matter ; and with many
bee-keeprs it is to be feared it means
queenless hives this winter unless taken in
hand at once. In my own apiary it was
a fairly frequent thing to find that the
queens were unable to fly, and for the
swarms to settle all over the grass and
adjacent hives; one particular hive seemed
to have a fatal attraction, no less than
three swarms from other hives having
made it their destination, the queen natu-
rally being balled, and eventually requir-
ing to be replaced, owing to the excite-
ment caused. This hive, however, har-
vested a bumper crop of about one hun-
dredweight.

I tried in some cases to induce reluctant
virgin queens to take a flight, after re-
maining some three weeks in their hive,
by gentlv causing them to leave their
comb. The result was not, however, suc-
cessful, as they did not usually return.
We had a number of fine days when drones
were flying, but still the queens refused
to make their dehvf.

More peculiar still has been the tragic
fate of many of the imported Italian
queens. These all arrived safelv in good
condition, though they were over long in the
mails, seven days being the average. They
were in every case successfully introduced
to nuclei, and afterwards later introduced
by the newspaper method to a queenless
hive; for the length of nearly a week the
hive was not touched, and when examined
was practically always found perfectly
satisfactory, the queen laying well and the
bees quiet. A second examination durine;
the following week finding matters still all
rieht, the hive was left some weeks, when
in many cases, instead of the pure Italian

Oct. 7, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

487

queen, a virgin was to be found, and often
of another colour. The hives had not
swarmed during the interval, but it- was
evident that the Italian was superseded
for some reason. I might add my bees
were almost all pure Italians, so that it
was not a case of strange races refusing
to unite. It would be interesting and of
practical value to hear some other experi-
ences. I felt I must have lost my knack
with bees this summer until I read in the
B.B.J, of others reporting trouble . The
honey crop was good, and hives are very
strong, but many have had to be doubled
up owing to the trouble with virgins.

C. HOGAN.

Boxford, Suffolk.

Wintering.

When wintering bees I quite agree that
they do better with more ventilation than
the usual W.B.C. type of hive allows.
The following is a method which I adopted
several years ago, and I think it has been
the means, together with the other usual

October the brood chambers are lifted
on to the usual 3 in. ekes. The ekes them-
selves have several holes about 1 in. in
diameter bored in each side, these holes
being covered with perforated zinc.

I very seldom have any mildewed
combs. — L. BiGG-WiTHEE, Birdwood,
Wells.

Scientific Wintering.

It has been said that the present season
is the most anxious time of the year for
the bee-keeper. This is to a great extent
true ; and does it not therefore behove
every one, from the large bee-farmer down
to those who, like the writer, keep one or
two hives as a hobby or scientific amuse-
ment, to inquire carefully into the state
of affairs most likely to result in
thoroughly efiicient wintering?

I do not propose to harp upon the old
maxim, " Have your stocks strong." To
my mind anyone who, avoidably, keeps
weak stocks at any period, is not worth
wasting any advice on. The first point I

VENTILATING FRAME.

precautions, of materially reducing the
number of uncontrolled swarms, at least I
have had far fewer swarms from my hives
since I adopted it. At the end of April
or early in May, according to the season,
the brood chamber is lifted on to a special
frame one inch high with perforated zinc
sides, as shown in the accompanying
rough drawing. The outer cover is also
lifted and rests on the projections marked
" A," slats of wood are cut which just fit
the openings between the floor board and
the bottom of the outer cover. During
the very hottest weather I keep these
openings open night and day, but
generally I close them each evening. The
slats of wood are fixed in a moment by
means of three buttons on the sides of the
floor board, and if a spell of cold weather
comes the openings can be kept shut
during the day-time as well.

This plan of raising the brood-chamber
allows a free current of air to pass below
the combs without the slightest draught.
By slightly smearing the perforated zinc
with vaseline, I am not troubled with any
propolising. These frames are removed
when taking off the supers, and early in

will deal with is the matter of store and
its arrangement. A strong stock in a good
season, after removal of supers, will
arrange itself perfectly for wintering. As
brood-rearing gradually diminishes, and
ripened honey is removed to the top half
and outsides of the frame of comb, the
centre will consist of evipty cells. Thus
heat is transmitted with facility through-
out the winter cluster, without hindrance
by solid slabs of honey. Now, when
autumn-feeding, this must bo borne in
mind. Aim at getting the top half of ten
combs well filled, and not to have six
combs solid with sealed store. This can
be done by continually placing an empty
comb from the outside, to the centre,
immediately below the middle of the rapid
feeder, where, naturally, the bees will
store first. Remember that with the
syrup spread over so large an area it will
need to be kept very warm to assist
evaporation. A thick cork-dust quilt will
keep in the warmth and let out the
moisture.

There is a lot of nonsense written about
candy. I entirely disagree with anyone
who says that it is in any way harmful

488

THE BEmSH BEE JOUENAL.

Oct. 7, 1920.

during winter. Your correspondent, Mr.
Tremlett, ably gives us the true nature
of candy (fondant sugar). Notice that it
is invert s^tgar and of exactly the same
chemical composition as honey — only in
another physical form. Now, if a slab of
candy is placed over the brood nest, the
bees nearest to it gradually " paint " its
under side with moisture, reducing a
minute quantity at a time to the con-
sistency of honey. The liquid is then
passed down to other bees of the clustori.
Mrv. Simmins wrongly says that candy so
placed' causes undue stimulation. "What
difference is there between the process I
have just described and the gradual un-
capping and absorption of naturally-
stored honey by the top bees of the
cluster? By all means use candy on top
to make up for shortage of natural stores.
But — don't put it on warm in the depth
of winter.

A large number of bee-lteepers make the
mistake of disturbing the bees too early
in the year. Except where fruit trees are
the source of the main crop, it is never
advisable to break up the winter cluster
before the end of March, or later if a
severe winter. Watch Nature. Directly
crocuses are well out, daffodils iust bloom-
ing, and the catkins show powdery yellow-
green masses in every hedgerow, the bees
will commence carrying in such quantities
of pollen that the colony, to protect the
brood, ceases to hibernate of its own free
will. Then is the time to put on your
slow feeder, three holes at most, and keep
it warm. I always make a little flannel
case, after the style of a tea-cosy, for
mine.

I see no advantage in having a wider
winter entrance than 6 ins., but a great
disadvantage in a narrower one. See that
the slides are wedged sufficiently tight to
prevent any animal pushing them apart.
Beware of those bright, frosty days.. My
ideal hive would have a sort of Venetian
blind attachment for the porch, so that
only diffused light can enter; but some-
thing of the sort may easily be extempor-
ised. A strong stock might lose forty
per cent, of its population by being
tempted out on such a day.

With regard to the double chamber for
wintering, there is one great danger. In
all j)ro]>ability the top (■liam])er is solid
Avith honey. IJF the stork has been so
strong as to have it filled with brood in
Augtist. the queon will certainly stop lay-
ing in it by the end of that month, Avhen,
in any case, it will become clogged with
store. This is, I think, inevitable. T
should like to hear of a queen who could
continuo laying in two sets of combs in
September. She would in all probability
be laying strongly down below, but this

would only force the bees to store more
above. The wet-blanket type of influence
of a solid chamber of honey dividing the
winter cluster is obviously undesirable. If
one could manage to get queens to con-
tinue laying in the top set, the arrange-
ment would be somewhat better, but in
any case it seems to me that it militates
against tJie formation of a compact
cluster.

Mr. Lythgoe is quite right about thick
cushions, but he omits to say that they
must be porous. The air forced in at the
entrance clearly cannot get out through it
unless fanned by the bees — it must get
out through the top. A couple of thick
cork-dust cushions will ensure a warm, but
constantly fresh, atmosphere. — R. Noel

AVELINE.

Bee Driving in Sark.

I have just had my first experience of
bee-keeping in Sark, one of the smallest
and certainly the most beautiful of the
Channel Isles. Bees are not allowed to be
imported froxn England owing to the
" Isle of Wight " disease; therefore, when
I came here I hoped to obtain a stock
from Guernsey. I failed in this, how-
ever, and was on the point of giving up
hope when a friend in Sark told me there
was a strong colony in a hollow tree in
her garden, which I could have if I could
manage the somewhat difficult task of
driving them. Although I had been an
amateur bee-keeper for three years, I had
had no experience of this, so, feeling that
discretion was the better part of valour,
I called in the aid of an expert from
Guernsey. Like all true lovers of bees,
he was ready to give every assistance to
a fellow-craftsman (or should I say
woman?) and to share his knowledge and
experience with beginners. He was also
a man of resource. He looked at the tree,
which was about 10 ft. in height, he ex-
amined the hole through which the bees i|i
great quantities were going and coming,
and then he started operations. He first
of all sawed off the upper part of the
stump (for it was little else, the head of
the tree having been blown off some time
previously), and thus exposed the combs.
lie then drilled a hole about 2 ft. lower
down, and, having slung a skep over the
top, proceeded to smoke the bees out of
the hollow into the skep. This metJiod
not l)eing altogether satisfactory, owing to
the bees running down below the smoke-
hole, it was decided to cut down the tree.
,\ few strokes of the axe proved that, for-
tunately, it was hollow right down to the
ground, and the work of felling it was
soon accomplished. It was then divided in

Oct. 7, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

489

two, lengthways, and the whole of the
nest was thus exposed. The skep, with
what bees had already clustered there,
was now placed where the tree had stood,
and the severed halves were, with the aid
of an interested spectator, shaken in fi'ont
of it. It was not long before the bees
had taken possession of the skep, and when
they were fairly settled down they were
hived in the usual way.

On examining the trunk, I found it had
been hollowed out about 8 or 9 ft., and
the combs, which were three in number,
were each 6 ft. 3 in. in length! There
was a fair amount of brood, but no honey
— indeed, had there come a spell of bat!
weather, the stock, which was strong and
included a large contingent of drones,
would have fared very badly.

Although the bees were now safely
housed, our troubles were not yet over.
There is a tradition that some years ago
a donkey was stung to death in the island,
and ever since then there has been a feel-
ing of great suspicion towards our little
friends. I am not sure of the facts of the
donkey's death, but I do know that, for
some reason or other, I could not get my
stock conveyed the two miles to its present
site. We wete not to be beaten, however,
and one evening, after the somew-hat agi-
tated insects had all retired for the night,
we carried it ourselves and deposited it
in a comfortable position under a hc()2e
at the back of my cottage. An roue who
has ever helped to carry a strong st^ck of
bees, hived in a full-sized hive, two >ine^
tip hill, clown dale, over stiles and across
a stream, will apnreciate the difficulties
with which we had to contend, and wbuh
we overcame; and now it is with the
grreatest satisfaction I watch my bee«
busily at work on the innumerable flowers
all around.

E. Wedgwood.

Echoes from the Hives.

mahlbokough, wilts.

"nuring the past month the weather con-
ditions have been almost ideal for feeding
bees and getting them in good condition
for winter ((uarters. With the exception
of occasional low night temperatures, we
have had nothing to complain of in this
district. We have even noticed a certain
amount of honey being gathered, probably
from charlock or dwarf thistle.

It is straTige how a warm spell of
weather enlarges the brood-areas of the
hives as nothino; pIsp ran : especially is this
noticeable with Italian bees, who seem to
make a change for the better in the first
h»urs of warmer weather.

We should be afraid that the winter

mortality among cottagers' bees and some
others would be very heavy this year,
owing to the almost total absence of
natural stores, and the difficulty ex-
perienced by these people in feeding their
skeps and " boxes."

Honey still commands high prices owing
to its extreme scarcity. A good section
3s. 3d. retail, and extracted honey 2s. 9d.
per lb. jar. — C. L. N. Pe.\rson.

Monmouthshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The second annual show of the
M.B.K.A. (in conjunction with the New-
port Utility Show) was held at Newport
on August 2 and 3.

Much gratification was felt at the large
number of entries and the excellent quality
of the exhibits.

Mr. W. O. .Tones, Lisvane, near Cardiff,
fir.st-class expert, acted as judge^ and
made the following awards : —
Members' Classes,

Four jars extracted honey (light). — 1,
Dr. Strdng; 2, Mrs. Lusty; 3, Mr.s.
Llewelyn Morgan.

Four jars extracted honey (medium). —

1, Dr. Strong; 2, Mrs. Lusty; 3, Mrs.
Llewelyn Morgan.

Four 1 lb. .sections.— Dr. Strong.

Two 1 lb. sections. — 1, Miss E. Reese;

2, Dr. Strong.

^ lb. beeswax.— 1, Mrs. Lusty; 2, Dr.
Strong.

Open Classes.

Four jars extracted honey. — 1, Mrs.
Llewelyn Morgan; 2, Mrs. Bennett; 3, Dr.
Strong.

One shallow frame.— 1, I>r- Strong: 2,
Mrs. Lusty.

Honeycake.— 1, Miss Parsons; 2, Mrs.
Lusty.

One jar honcv (to be given to the hos-
pital).—1, Mrs. "Llewelyn Morgan; 2, Mrs.
Arnold.

Open-air demonstrations were after-
Avards given by Dr. O. E. Strong, assisted
by Mrs. iJewelyn Morgan, also by Mr.
O. R. Lusty and Mr. A. T. Young.

The stock used for the demonstrations
was given bv IMr. G. R. Llistv. to be after-
Avards sold for the benefit of the Newport
Hospital. The thanks of the Association
are due to TMr. .7. K. Price (secretary of
the Newport Allotment Holders' Associa-
tion) for his hrlp and co-operation, also
to Mr. W. O. Tones for kindly acting as
judge. — J. M. M.

490

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 7, 1920.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of arMnymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Bee Notes from South Devon.

[10308] The season lias not been a very
good one so far as honey is concerned.
There was a promise of a good yield from
the fruit bloom, but the weather pre-
vented the bees from taking advantage of
this, and the swarming fever took posses-
sion of the bees, in fact it has been what
may be termed a swarming season; and
very little honey stored in the supers, no
doubt through the nights being so cold.
Most of the swarms I have come in contact
with have made up well, and are now well
provided -with ample stores for the winter
and in some cases filling a rack of sec-
tions. Where I am living is on the border
of Dartmoor, with heather just a mile off,
stretching for miles over the Haytor
Downs, so that has helped us. The
heather has been glorious this season, and
since that has been in bloom the weather
has been just about right. I took off
21 1 lb. sections of almost pure heather
honey from a June swarm on Septem-
ber 25, and the bees are still busy,
although I saw by the Daihj Mail one day
this week that bees are practically starv-
ing in some parts of Devon. I think the
heather has saved us in this district. T
am also pleased to say that "I. O. W."
disease is not so prevalent as it was.

T hope the writer of the Dors.et Yarns
will not stop his weekly notes owing to
adverse criticism by one or two readers.
I. myself, have many times envied him
his well stored racks of sections, and
would very much like to pay a visit to his
Violet Farm.

I may say we have suffered very much
in the past from the " I. O. W." disease,
many apiaries being entirely wiped out.
There arc not 40 stocks now where there
used to be 200, and, a lot of bee-keepers
who have lost all their stocks are afraid
to start again. Perhaps the swarming
season has been a blessing in disguise, as
T knoAv of several who have started again
this year with a trial stock a^d, so far,

they are doing well, plenty of stores for
the winter.

The remedy we are relying on here is
Izal; that seems to keep it in check.

I hope Mr. T. H. Witney will give his
further experience on the onion cure.

I only wintered two stocks last year;
this year I am wintering seven, and have
taken just over 60 sections, hoping for a
good season next year. — A. Godsland,
Bovey Tracey.

Treating "I.O.W." Disease.

[10309] It may be of interest to your
renders to knoAv of the successful use of
"Yadil " (garlic) in cases of "I. 0. W."
disease. It broke out very badly in this
neighbourhood last winter. A member of
our association lost all his bees — 20
hives. A check seems to have now been
put on the spread of the disease, by
constantly spraying the healthy bees with
" Yadil," using it in the proportion of
one teaspoonful to a pint of water, or
applying it with a throat-sprayer, so as
to produce a fine, misty spray.

The dummy boards should be taken out.
the frames spaced and the bees on them
sprayed with this mixture. "Yadil"
should also be used in the feeding
syrup and the candy — 1 oz. to each
pint of syrup or lb. of candy.

A cottager near here noticed lately that
his bees were not able to fly, but fell to
the ground ; he sprayed them with
" Yadil " and also .gave it in the syrup ;
they are now quite well and strong, after
treating them in this way for three weeks.

It is a good plan to spread quick-lime
on ground underneath and round the
hives.

"Yadil " is an antiseptic, and has also
the property of subduing bees. — F. E.
Butler, hon. sec, Kilkenny (Ireland) and
District Bee-keepers' Association.

A Line from Lincolnshire.

[10310] T should like to say how much
I enjoy reading the notes and articles in
your jotunal, they are so very instructive
to a novice in bee-keeping. I started last
year with one hive; I have now five, but it
is difficult to manage them properly and to
make the most profit from them without
someone to examine them and to tell one
exactly how to go on, but I follow the ad-
vice given in the " B.B.J." I love bees
and flowers, and should like to know how
to manage them a little better.

I notice most bee-keepers have been
troubled with more swarms than usual — ►
so have I. From the one stock in the
spring I have had eleven swarms; when
I had four I thought I had enough for

Oct. 7, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

491

the present, so I kept putting them back
into one or other of these four. I have
only had one full rack of eight shallow-
frames (full of honey). The swarm which
produced it I took about a mile away and
placed it by a seed clover field, and it
did well ; the others which I kept at home
made nothing.

I am pleased to see a note in the
Journal from my native county, left
12 years ago. Dear old Shropshire ! I
have not forgotten the old Salop toast :
" All friends round the wrekin." I used
to go to the Shrewsbury show regularly up
to fiften years ago, the most wonderful
(■for the want of a better word) thing in
Shropshire. If you have never been, sir,
do go next year to the show and the beau-
tiful quarry.

We hear nothing about bees in this
part. I wonder where my nearest bee
neighbour is, or expert. I should like
him to pay me a visit this autumn, and so
tell me how to go on.

I noticed what I thought to be robbing
going on in one hive which I thought was
a strong stock, so I opened it and found
the top of the frames covered with mag-
gots (presumably the wax moth maggot),
and what few bees were left were between
the last comb and division board. I
should like the advice of your expert,
when to look for it and how to stop it,
etc. — James Meekle, Dowsby, Bourne,
Lines.

[We strongly advise you to join the
Lines. Bee-keepers' Association, and yoH
will then get in touch with the local
-expert, and other bee-keepers. The secre-
tary is Major Hadfield, Hamilton House,
Alford, Lines. The maggots would be wax
moth larvae. Keep a look out for them in
the combs any time when manipulating,
and destroy them ; also look over any
stored spare combs occasionally. The
moth may be seen in the summer
furing the evenings flying near tl^"^
entrance of the hive, looking for oppor-
tunity to deposit eggs in some crevice con-
taining litter from the liive. It resembles
an ordinary clothes moth in colour, but is
a darker shade, mottled a little, and is
about twice the size. — Eds.]

Young Bees for Wintering.

[10311] Be 10304. Mr. Barratt, I
think, will agree that a large population
does not consume the amount of food re-
quired for a much smaller stock, so I
assume he is querying the use of the word
" young."

Young bees are naturally more desirable
apart from the question of food, and my
observations go to show that a stock with
a large proportion of young bees are more
restful during the winter months, whereas

with older bees some of them will come
out during somewhat unfavourable
weather (a few of which never return).
It is a pleasure to reply to reasonable
critics, and I trust my remarks are clear.
As regards Standard Frames, my wording
was somewhat unfortunate; what I meant
to convey was the " British Standard
Frames " are ideal for brood-rearing, but
do not overlook the fact that I said for
the majority of bee-keepers, and spread
over a period, while I admit that in the
hands of real experts and those who (or
their assistants) are constantly present in
the apiary, the position may be reversed
as against larger frames, while situa-
tion, flora and strain of bees are, of
course, dominant factors.

It is regretted my remarks were taken
as an attack on the Apis Club ; needless to
say it was not an attack on any single
institution, and I trust no harm will
result. The Editor's remarks, I think,
should clear away any misapprehension on
this point. — W. F. Judge.

Correspondents desiring an answer in the next
issue should send questions to reach this office
NOT LATER than the FIRST POST on MONDAY
MORNINO. Only SPECIALLY URGENT ques-
tions will be replied to by post if a STAMPED
addressed envelope is enclosed. All questions must
be accompanied bv the sender's name and address,
not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee
of good faith. There it no fee for answering
questions.

Mi83 M. Clifford-Browne (Cards.).— Price of
honey.— The price recommended by the B.B.K.A.
is &. 9d. per lb. for extracted honey and 3b. 6d.
per section.

S. McKaye (St. Beee).— We think the bee is a mal-
formed worker.

Honey Sample.

" B." (Penietone).— The honey is .good in colour and
flavour, but is rather thin; worth 2s. 6d. per lb.
retail.

Bee Shows to Come.

October 5 to 8.— Eeeex Fruit and Honey Show
at Institute of Agriculture, Chelmsford. Open from
12 to 8 p.m. Admission free. Lectures and demon-
strations each day.— Schedules from G. R. Alder,
7, Bulwer Road, Leytonstone.

October 19 to 22.— Dairy Show, Agricultural
Hall, London. Open Classes for Honey, etc.— Par-
ticulars, Secretary, Dairy Farmers' Association, 28,
Russell Square, London, W.C.I.

November 18.— Annual Sh<^ of the Worc«st«r
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Classes in Honey
Section.— Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. Entries close Kovem-
ber 6.

492

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 7, 1920.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Advertisements must reach lis NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on MONDAY MURNING lor
irtsertidti in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE AI>VEBTIS'X:nii:ifTS.

WANTED, HONEY PRESS; purchase or
exchange poultry. —W. WOODS, Normandy,
near Guildford. j.l

WANTED, Stock of Driven Bees with Queen,
also one Queen.— MACLULLOCH, Mount
Park, Gourock. j.2

FOR SALE, three e^pare Queene, 1920, slight cross,
biit meetly Native, all to profit up to date,
6s. lOd. each; also 4-frame Nucleus, 35e.— HAY,
Forest Lodge, Woodlands, Consett, Durham. j.3

SECOND-HAND Hives and Appliances for Sale
cheap. Please send P.O. for particulars.—
CLIFFORD DE KUSEL. S.P.B.A., Allerton
Poultry Farm, Liverpool. j.4

EIGHT COTTAGE HIVES, good coadition, no
disease, £6 10s. the lot. Otther Accessories.—
MATRON, Croydon Sanatorium, North Cheam,
Sutton, Surrey. j.6

FOUR HIVES BEES, very strong and healthy,
all frames standard. Feeders, Excluders,
Smoker, Veils, et<;., £22 the lot, or £6 per hive.
Inspection invited. Carriage forward.— BAKER,
20, Quentin Avenue, Merton Park. j.7

WANTED, threo driven lots of Bees, Golden
or pure Italian.— T. JELLINGS, 8, Stoke
Green, Coventry. j.8

HONEY EXTRACTOR, good condition, working
order, 386.— NORTH, Creesing, Braintree,
Essex. • j.aJ

FOR iSALE, ten 1-lb. bottle© of pur© Heather
Honey, 326. lot, carriage paid.— 'JOHN RUDD,
Dufton, Westmorland. ■ j.9

SURPLUS QUEENS from driven bees, all this
year's rearing, mostly black stock, Ss. each per
return.— CLARIDGE, Copford, near Colchester.

h.220

H

EATHBR HONEY wanted loj- cash.— A.
GORDON ROWE, 28a, SToy Road, Cardiff.

h.225

FIVE good Stocke, pure Italian and Hybrids,
1920 Queens, in hives with sapere, etc., new
extractor. What offer?— "W.," " Rowstock,"
King's Road, Horeham. h.226

HIGH-CLASS HONEY (white), in 7. 14 and 28-lb.
tine, 2s. lb.; also in ecrew-cap bottles, 28s.
dozen, f.o.r.— WHYTE, Bee Farm, Cumbernauld,
Dumbartonehire. h.205

FOR SALE, about 55 Stocks and Swarme of
Hybrid Ligurian Bees on 8 to 10 frames and
Nuclei; mostly this year's Queens; excellent
workers.— REV. A. H. BALLEY, Crathie, Welling-
ton College, Berks. r.h.79

WANTED, Cheshire's Diagrams.— KENWARD,
Berwyn House, Lewes, Sussex. h U2

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.—OfBcca : THE APIg CLUB,
Port Hill House. Benson. Ozon.

BUSIITIISS ABVERTISEMENTS.
IJd. per word.

MASHBATH .MEMS.— "The Masheath is a
delight to manipulate, and flat roofs a
blessing.— M. A."— ATKINSON, Pakenham. j.lO

SAVE YOUR BEES.— Finest Australian Honey,
two 60-lb. tins, 112s., carriage paid lOO miles,
elsewhere as. less, carriage forward; cash with
order.— SU NUT, LTD., Australiaii Merchants,
New Hibernia Chambers, London Bridge, S.E.I.

h.233

AUSTRALIAN HONEY FOR FEEDING
BEES.— Cases containing two tins, about
60 lbs. each, llOs. :per case; 1 tin 56s., carriage paid
100 miles. Remittances with orders.— SOUTH-
WOOD, <>5, Acton Vale, London. r.h.l90

WIGHT" DISEASE.— Prevention and removal.
Advice 5s.— ALP. RYALL, Cottage Farm,
near Camp, Stroud. j.5

NO SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— Flavine or
Plain Candy, same price, 6 lbs., 10s., postage
Is. 3d. extra; larger quantities by passenger or
goods train. Made in Cambridge, and the
wrappers on the Flavine Candy bear our name and
the maker's address.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. h.218

GENUINE pure Golden Italian Queens, imported
direct from Penna. Can now supply per
return. lOO due in 14 days. Prices while they last :
One Queen, 99.; two, ITs. ; three, 24s.; specially
selected, 10s. 6d. each.— GOODARE, Italian
Specialist, New Cross, Wednesfield. r.h.l77

"TSLE OF WIGHT" DISEASE.-Don't worry;

-I use the solution that cures; 2s. per bottle.—

E. PRESSEY, St. Elmo, Coulsdon. r.d.l49

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE. 'Marl-
borough. r.h.151

HONEY FOR FEEDING BEES.-Flnest West
Indian, tin of about 60 lbs., 688. 6d., carriage
paid 100 miles.-LONDON TRADING AGENCY.
32, St. Mary Axe, E.C.I . j.l2

DAIRY SHOW

AGRICULTURAL HALL,
ISLINGTON, LONDON, N.

Patron : H.M. THE KING.

October 19, 20, 21 and 22

(TUESDAY TILL FRIDAY.)

Great Exhibition of Cattle, Goats,
Poultry, Pigeons, Dairy Produce, New and
Improved Inventions, Butter Makers' and
Milkers' Contests, Cheesemaking, Poultry
Trussing, and Fruit Bottling Demon-
strations.

Inclusive Prices of Admission. — -Admis-
sion on Tuesday, October 19, from
10 a.m. to 6 p.m., 3s. (the Gilbey Hall and
the Poultry and Pigeon Department will
not open until 1 p.m.): and from 6 to
10 p.m.. Is. 6d. On Wednesday, Octo-
ber 20, from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m., 3s.; from
1 p.m. to 10 p.m., 2s. On Thursday, from
10 a.m. to 10 p.m.. Is. 6d., and on Friday,
from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m.. Is. 6d. The
Exhibition will he closed on Friday at
9 p.m. for the removal of the Exhibits,

Oct. 7, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

Finest Grade New [Zealand | Honey

(Amber)

For Bee Feeding. Guaranteed Pure.

Cases, each 2 601b. nominal Tins. 95/- per cwt.

Carriage paid.

Cash with order or on receipt of goods.

N.B. We are already supplying Beekeepers'

Associations throughout the Country and shall

be pleased to quote references.

The Bristol and Dominions Producers'
Association, Ltd., Bristol.

AYRSHIRE ABRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION.

Sixty-Sixth Annual Show of DAIRY and
FARM PRODUCE ; also BUTTERMAKING

COMPETITION at
KILMARNOCK, ^''' * 22nd October.

Special Competitions for POTATOES,

VEGETABLES. FRUIT AND HONEY.

Also ALLOTMENT HOLDERS* CLASSES and

HOME BAKING COMPETITIONS.

Total Premiums - £500. Entries close, Friday,

Sth October. Premium Lists on application to —

JOHN HOWIE. Sec, 58, AUoway St.. Ayr.
THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
■cientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W. HERROD-HEMPSAXXi, 23. Bedford
8tr««t, Strand, l^ndon, WXJ.S.

Preserve your Bees during
the Winter by feeding with

PINK BACTEROL
BEE CANDY

Manufactured by

HAWKES BROS., LTD.,
— Chelmsford, Essex —

Prices on application.

The products of the Apiary, of
Fouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newtpaper.
Get a Copy— Thurtdsy and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogae, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

Of the Author, S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX.

- SIMMINS "A MDDERN BEE FARM"

8/

POST FREE Nearly 500 pages. A few more copies at 8/-. Any further edition must cost 50% more

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free,
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

1 very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manvjaciure of bte
appliances, and therefore my prices will b* advanced 10% from May 10th. Books txeefded.

a

RACTEROI

*-^ FOR BEES •■^

2/9 per Bottle.

99 The cure for, and preventive of.

" Isle of Wight* Disease.
Non-poisonous — free from stain
or unpleasant odour.

BACTEROL LIMITED
Post Free. 19/25. Brooktide Rd., Highgate, N.19.

DwD

EST CLEARING and
WINTERING BOARD,
SUPER CLEARER, &c.

A Necessity for all Bee-Keepers
all the year round.

MEADOWS, SYSXON, LEICESTER.

POSITIVE FACTS. >«. 13//, 19^0

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other make 1 have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind, them at the back of the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in 16 X 10 frames.

Yours faithfully. R. B. MANLEY,

llliiatrated Lists free by vast.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent

IV

THE BEITISH BEE JOtJENAL.

Oct. 7, 1920.

\ji

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at

Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods.

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives,

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate

despatch.

CANDY. Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Price 1/6 per i-lb.,

carriage extra.

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION.

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used.

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an

Apiary," post free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee App li ance Makers,
WORMIT, FIFE.

Telegrams :— " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormit.

-I

17=

£ee'$ Bee Supplies.

f]| In design, material and workman-
ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain

the reputation of being your best and

safest investment.

0 a 0

CJ Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
LOGUE is yours for the asking. It

contains detailed information on the

most up-to-date hives and appliances

for which the House of Lee is famous.

0 0 0

f] We regret the necessity of having
" to advise our Customers that owning
to the increased cost of production, all
prices in 1920 price list are subject to
10% increase. The increase W\\\ not
apply to orders received before May 10.

*»• Five per cent discount to Members of
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

(Telegram*: Craphicly. Uxbridge. Telephone: Uzbridge 181.)

Printbd by the Avenue Press (L. Upcott Gill & Son, Ltd.), 55-67, Drurv Lane, London, W.C, and
Published for the Proprietor (W. Herrod-Hempsall), by Simpkin, Marshall, Sahilton,
Kent & Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, Paternoster Row, E.C.

,x.

fiBlTiifi Bit JovttHL ARS Bn-KmiK«' AOVIBU, October 14, 1920.

NOV 1 2 1920 '

No. 1999. Vol. XLVni

OCTOBER 14, 1920.

IPublished every Thuraday, Price 2d.

coi^frTEsivrrs.

PAGE

The B.B.K.A. Conversazione 492

A Dorset Yarn 493

The Joys and Sorrows of an Inspector 494

Notes on Bees 495

Notes from the West 496

Street and Glastonbury Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion 497

Essex Fruit and Honey Show 498

Lecture at Kingston 498

Echoes from the Hives 499

Honey Imports 499

PAGE

The Harvesters (poem) 499

Correspondence—

Supersedure of Queens 499

Onions and " I.O.W." Disease 600

Origin of the " Isle of Wight " Disease . . 501

Is Poppy Pollen Injurious? 501

Feeding with Imported Honey 502

Beee Building in the Open 502

Queries and Replies—

Bees not Transferriag Themselves 502

Do not LOSE YOUR BEES for the

sake of giving them a cake of our
PINK

SOFX
OANDY

Made from guaranteed Pure Cane
Sugar, medicated or plain.

Price 1/6 per lb. Carriage or postage

extra.

E, H. TAYLOR, LTD., WELWYN, HERTS.

THE BKITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 14, 1920.

THE ^

British Bee Journal j

Office: 23. Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2!
Established 1873.

A, Weekly Journal- Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAIT, P.I..S.. fee,
and J. HERBOD-HEMPSAIiI., F.E.S.

Correspondence : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Subscriptions.! — Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance ; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, othetwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money.— Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
ih payment if 6d. is added for commissioti
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advettisets 'in the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Ton are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing with strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons usinff
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods ehould not be despatched until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this ofiBce.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2J
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. . By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

T> ^: deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Fost Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." Tbt, nnmbers of
•lie Postal Orders ahonld be kept bgr tbe sender.

We canpot be, responsible for any loss that may
occur iu transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hoiu
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, e-ubject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted a® per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash la foil most be sent with order.

Postage

A Slodeim Bee Farm 7/6 ... S^d.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Advanced Bee Culture

(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 6}d.

Beginner's Bee Book (Pnxin) 5/- ... 4d.
BBE-KEEPZNO SIlkCPliiriED

FOB THE COTTAGER AJTD

SMAIOiHOIiBEB (W. Hibiiod-

Heupsau.. F.E.S.) 1/- ... 8d.

BBITISB BEB ■ XEBPEBS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers 2/6 ... 3d.

Clotihi covers ~ 3/6 ... 4d.

Disseotible Blodel ot Queen

Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FEBTII.I8ATI0N OF FBtTIT

BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

CowAN) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hops) ... -/6 ... Id.
Honey Vinegar ('Bit. Q. Banoes) •JSt ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

Ooustock) 6/- ... 4id.

Prevention ot Swarming

(Wilkes) 1/- ... Id.

Pollination of Fruit In rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit

Growing (C. H. Hoopbe, P.R.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.
PBODITCIirO, PBBPABIITO,

EXHIBITIKG AKB JUDG-

IKG BEE PRODUCE (W.

Hebkoo-Hiupsaix, F.E.S.) ... S/- ... 3d.

Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. SiLADiH) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing

i(Doolitile) 4/- ... 3id.

Snelgrove's Method ot Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.
Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... l§d.

MISCEI.Z.AKEOUS.
THE BEE WORI.D (supplied

only to members of Associationa

interested in the control and

development of the Apis (Xvt,

apart from ordinary memben of <i

the latter), per copy ./a ... lit.

The Bee blaster ol Warrllow <

(TiOTNiB Edwakois) 7/6 ... 4id'.

Britith Bee JonnuJ & Recard Office,

91. BxoFOKD anacm. snuio) Lomoar. W.di.

Oct). 14, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOUKNAL.

493

^^?^EV

"mMiMmmm

The B.B.K.A. Conversazione.

For a number of years before the war
the conversazione during " Dairy Show
Week " Avas a fixture eagerly looked for-
ward to by many bee-keepers, and the
Council of the B.B.K.A. is anticipating
a very good attendance next Thurs-
day. In the notice of the meeting a new
feature is introduced, viz., " A reception
by the Chairman and Council will be held
from 2 p,.m. to 3 p.m." One of the
pleasures and advantages of these gather-
ings is the meeting of old friends and
making the acquaintance of new ones, but
a difficulty in the way of. the latter has
been the short time available — generally
during the hour for refreshment — to
obtain introductions. This was brought
forward at the last council meeting and
discussed, the result being that it was de-
cided to set apart an hour for a true
" Conversazione " — a meeting for conver-
sation— during which the Chairman and,
Council will be pleased to effect as many
introductions as possible, and it is hoped
many bee-keepers will be able to have ful-
filled a desire to meet and talk with some
other momlior of the craft whose name
may have boon long familiar. The hour's
reception will be quite informal; just an
hour for a gossip on bee matters, so
pleasurable to bee-keepers of either sex.

A Dorset Yarn,

Our bees have been out on the farm
a good time this week. As we dig up
the new rasps for distribution, they are
all around us — it has been a week of
warm weather, though wind has been east-
ward a good part of the time. They
have been working the late flowers freely,
even violets having had a share of them
this week; it is advantageous to have the
blossoms close to the hives, they do
not go far away in catchy weather. One
likes to see them out on the flowers look-
ing for food; then they do not get the
robbing fever. We see them on the ivy
in great numbers, and when we look at
the front of the hives as the sun is warm,
there seems as many about as a month
ago.

My friend. Squire Tomlinson, has ex-
tracted for me during my holiday in the
West country a very heavy weight of
honey, bub he had to bring me back some
op the bars that would not yield up the
weight of heather honey; it was all in

new bars and new foundation; Even
though uncapped, it would not run out
of the cells; one can cut it like cheese,
in junks, but it would only very slightly
run from the halved cells. I conclude
these aae ali from th^ ling heather. Manjy
of these bars were only put on in August,
yet the bees filled some of them solid
with heall&er honey, but the greater
part gave up the harvest when in the
extractor.

Bees are advertised in our local news-
paper to be sold at the different farm
sales. I went over to one last Wednes-

V in the Isle of Purbeck, where the
farmer and bee-keeper died in the har-
vest field, Avhen turning the lines of corn
— the last of his- race — on the farm his
ancestors had lived for 150 years. His
bees sold for low prices, but his stock of
appliances fetched good figures. He must
have had a lot of bees at one time to
have had such a lot of honey bottles and
jars, with boxes of sections. I had never
met him, but his name was well known
in Dorset. He lived on one of the small
farms, miles from the railway station,
with only a track across the heath, far
away from the tcwn. Unless he went to
market, he would see but little of other
men; but there are many like him, who
live out their time in quiet content.
His herd of cows sold well — £40 and £50
each. They were very wild; they had
never seen so many people at one time
before. It was the loneliest farm I had
ever seen; even the bees (they were all
blacks) resented strangers — so many com-
plained of being stung by them. I had
no wish to import to our farm bad-
tempered bees, so left them for the bee-
keepers of the Wareham area. They may
have been made dll-tempered by thoise
who wished to see them before the sale.
They seemed rather small black bees to
what I had from that area once before.

Mr. Dorey, another small farmer a few
miles away, said his bees were all brown
ones; he had sold some stocks in the
spring, but his sections had not been
filled so well as other years. It miist be
in these isolated areas that the blacks
have kept true to colour ; but colour does
not matter to the bee-keeper if they are
good workers — it is the same with bees
as with men. " A man may hide his real
self from you in every other way, hut he
cannot in his work." So with bees. The
beautifully-finished sections, with snow-
white cappings, are the points that tell —
the finished work, as Ruskin points out,
that shows the real genuine worker.
Colours are not material; so' long as the
bees are good workers, and not too bad-
tempered.

Mr. Garret (the East Dorset secretary)
had some of the "whitest capped, .shallow

494

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Oct. 14, 1920.

and standard combs I have ever seen.
His bees were from these isolated places
in the Wareham area. I have referred
visitors to the same area for bees as they
come to the farm. We do not sell bees,
nor hives, nor appliances; we write of
bees because we like them — because we
see the great good they do, the income
that they bring in. We believe our-
selves in the gospel of work; we have
always the bees as an object lesson.
Goethe wrote " work is character," and
bees have always been held out as an
object lesson for work. In many of the
cheques we get in payment for goods
there is a skep hive on them; to the bee-
keeper it appears a good ornament for
a cheque. It is a good one for the farmer,
as work is the only way to get the great
harvest from the soil. " The harvest is
(really) great, and the labourers are few.''
Many farms of 150 to 200 acres have only
two hands employed on them — just a
carter and cowman — beside the farmer.
We have written before that " pleasure
comes from toil, not from self-indulgence
and indolence." Many people ^-^y,
" Ruskin did not know what he was writ-
ing about," but we know it to be a real
pleasure to see the results of work. In
the summer the yields of fruit, and in
autumn and winter the results from the
fields of violets, when one inquires the
number packed in one day — 79 dozen, and
84 dozen another time. All this shows
the value of work. Even though one
draws out of the bank £20 for labour
each week, on a small farm of fifty acro'i,
the results give pleasure, in that one
can reclaim another field from gorse and
heather, and give employment to others,
even at the high price labour now is
paid.

J. J. Kkttle

The Joys and Sorrows of
an Inspector.

It was some weeks after the lamentable
expedition in the killing line, set out to
some length in No. 1986 of the B.B.J.;
and I was enjoying myself in idleness in
my garden, where the sunshine, the hum
of bees, and time were gradually remov-
ing from my memory the soreness caused
bv this expedition. As distance lends
enchantment to the view, so docs time
work, and as time goes on we forget most
of what we have gone through.

While I was soaking thus in idleness the
Boy came and handed to me a large enve-
lope which the postman had just delivered
for me. Across the top of it was, in large
letters, " On His Majesty's Service."

As I had, unfortunately, forgot to in-
clude some considerable source of income

when sending in my statement of income,
I felt very uneasy when I opened the enve-
lope. However, it proved to be from the
Ministry of Pickled Cabbages and Shrimps,
and was an invitation to me to become an
inspector under the Bees' Pestilent Disease
Act.

My natural modesty will not allow me
tO' quote fully from the letter, but suffi-
cient to say, as the above Act was on its
trial, they were extremely anxious to ap-
point the right persons as inspectors, and
they had watched my attempts to clear my
district of diseased bees, and were sure
I would be an example to anyone further
appointed, and if I would kindly fill -n
the enclosed form they would send me an
official appointment in due course. To
hide my blushes from the Boy, I examined
the form. Fortunately I had been vacci-
nated in my tender childhood, also I knew
the date of my birth, so I would have no
difficulty in filling in those particulars,
and others of an equally interesting nature
to someone in authority. I communi-
cated the nature of the letter to the Boy,
who was waiting as usual to give assist-
ance— or advice. It was generally advica
and he was delighted with the idea of
having a free hand, in our expeditions;
no need to avoid the village constable, or
we could paralyse him to impotency.

So I filled in the form and gave it to
the Boy to post. In going to do so, I saw
him pass bv the stable and heard him tell
the stableman that the master was going
to be appointed an inspector. " What
of? " asked the stableman, somewhat
anxiously, " surely not of horses? "
"No," answered the Boy; "only of
bees." Oh, beesl " said the stable-
man, "they can take care of them-
selves; " and I said, " The Boy can take
care of him." So, as everyone seemed
satisfied, I dismissed the matter from my
thoughts, until the day arrived when my
appointment came to hand, after which it
took several days to consider it and become
accustomed to the feeling of authority.
But the Boy could not let this continue,
for, as he said, the bees were in a terrible
state with disease, and we must be up and
doing something. So we sallied forth—
not, as before, loaded with ladders, saws,
and other things, but simply armed with
the majesty of the law — to inspect the
stocks of bees and advise on their treat-
ment or destruction. We passed several
fairly latge apiaries of bees, but these
could wait, for our objective was the cot-
tage of Widow White, who I thought stood
in need of some useful advice, to keep her
bees healthy.

Before her cottage there was a large
pond, where several children were catch-
ing unpleasant things and putting them
in glass jars. Some had young frogs

Oct. 14, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

495

which they had caught in the surrounding
wet hei'bage; others had newts, and some
had various kinds of M'ater-beetles with
cruel jaws.

The Boy wished to stop and assist in
filling the bottles, but I reminded him we
were on official business and could not
delay, and so we arrived at Widow Wliite's
cottage, where, after knocking, she came
to the door, whereupon we stated our
business. She cordially invited us in to
rest, awhile, if we could spare the time
from our arduous labours, so we followed
her inside and into her best room, where,
after carefully wiping the chairs, she
invited us to sit down. She then put on
the table some glasses and a bottle of
elderberry wine. Here was bribery and
corruption very early, and this I shall have
to guard against. But she was a motherly
old lady, and her (elderberry wine was
good. She was very entertaining, and told
us how long she had kept bees and what
she knew about them. She said she knew
■all about bees, and she also laiew me.
This I could not deny, for I also knew, I
think, every fruit tree she had in her
garden; but still I think there was no
need for her to say she knew me.

After resting awhile, and the Boy had
looked hard at the bottle for some time
without effect, we told the old lady we
wished to see her bees, so we followed her
into the garden, where she had three hives.
With slow step and with dignity I in-
spected them from various positions, and
then asked the old lady if she had seen
any sign of disease among the bees, but
she said she had not. I informed her
that one important sign was what was
known as crawling, which they did when
unable to fly. And as there were a
number of bees on the ground crawling
about, and making curious jumps, I con-
sidered it was likely that they had disease
among them, but she said they were only
young bees trying their wings. T thought
it very natural that if thev had disease
she would try to hide this fact from me,
the official inspector of bees. So I lifted
the roof of what I considered the smallest
hive, to see if they were crawling about
inside. I took off also the quilts, when I
soon saw they were crawling. Trium-
phantly I turned to point out this fact to
my companions, but I only saw the old
ladv disappear into her cottage M-ith a
loud bang of the door, and the Boy I then
saw two fields away, and still running
stroncc. Although it had been a fine day.
thp sun became suddenly overcast, a dense
cloud seemed to be around me. Tt wa?
only when somethino- hit me under the
eve and stabbed with red-hot sting, and
others found other tender places, that T
realised that they were bees — and mad
ones. I dropped the quilt suddenly, and

witliin ten seconds I was laid on my face
on the bottom of the pond with a foot of
water above me. The majority of the
bees that had chased me there went back
to the hive, where they swaggered up the
flight board to tell their sister's how the
long-legged thing had run. I lay there
until 1 remembered the things the children
had been fishing out of that pond. I knew
not what horrors there were in the pond,
so I came to the top and into daylight
again. The baffled bees which still re-
mained flying round the pond did not seem
to know me, or they despised me so much
they took no further notice of me, and I
was allowed to crawl out of the pond and
join the Boy without further molestation,
and so we sadly went home. No doubt
this is how we both felt, although I could
not see any signs of sadness in the appear-
ance of the Boy. F. B. Charlton.
Stockton-on-Tees.

Notes on Bees.

Of all the studies of insect life that have
been man's chief object of attraction, the
honey-bee heads the list, notwithstanding
that the earth is teeming with millions
of other insects of various species. What
is it that drew man's attention in this
particular direction? Is it because of the
musical hum we hear, or is it that the
student has placed himself, or herself, at
some time or other in the flight of these
little foragers and received a fair amount
of their sting? I am rather inclined to
think that the chief reason of so much
attention given to Miss Apis lies in the
same objective, one of old, that we read
about in the Book of Holy Writ had
when he " put forth his staff to refresh
himself," namely honey. Our little
friend the honey-bee belongs to that
branch of the animal kingdom termed by
entomologists " nrticulata," as all its
parts are joined, or articulated, and
having no internal skeleton. Unlike
other members of the animal kingdom, it
also forms one of the class of insecta
which breathe the air through a complica-
tion of tubes, branching all over her body.
The openings to these tubes are called
spiracles, and are situated along each
side of her bodv; they are fringed with
hair, to exclude any dust or foreign
particles from entering, other than matter
in a liquid form. It will be seen by this
that it is not a wise plan to give th^ bees
too much liquid, when spraying against
disease, as many of the bees are liable to
be suffocated by the liquid entering these
tubes. Its sub-class is the true insects,
or Hp.rapoda (i.e., six-feet), and this sub-
class is noticeable by their having three
divisions to the body — head, thorax, and

496

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 14, 1920.

abdomen. Its order is Hymenoptera, or
membranous wings, of whicb the bee has
four. Members of this order, with few
exceptions, are peculiar by their action in
respecting and caring for their young,
which at first are quite helpless. Its
tribe, or family, is called Apidoe ; all
insects of this family , feed their young
upon pollen, or a mixture of honey and
pollen, and all of this family have the first
joint of the two posterior legs widened
out, which, together with the fringe of
stiff hairs attached thereto, form a kind of
receptacle in which they carry pollen and
propolis to their hives. Bee-keepers call
this recei^tacle their pollen-basket. The
curious part about the bee when out col-
lecting pollen is its manner of keeping
to one species of flower, not on a coltsfoot
and then on a box-tree, but keeping to one
particiilar species of flower, until they
return back to their hives. One some-
times wonders whether. they have reserve
cells, to disgorge their honey and pollen
gathered from the many different kinds of
flowers, and whether it is necessary to be
kept separate. One thing we feel sure
about, that honey in its natural state is
already in a condition for absorption iTito
the system, and requires no digestion, as
it has already gone through a form of
digestion in the bee's honey-sac, ready
to feed the immature brood. — B. Lythgoe,
Padgate, Warrington, Lanes.

Notes from the West.

The active season in the apiary is now
oven. Each stock has had its autumn
ration of thick syrup, winter passages
have been provided over the tops of
frames, quilts fitted closely, covered with
a good chaff cushion quilt, and all made
snug and comfy in dry, weather-proof
hives. So our bees will need very little
attention till next spring.

We now have a little leisure to look
over our notes for the past season, and a
short account of each stock should be
made on a post card and placed under the
top cushion or quilt in the hive for refer-
ence when another season opens. One's
memory may be relied on whon the apiary
consists of only a few stocks, but if it
reaches to a dozen or more I find it a
great help to adopt this card system.

Like all other reports this season (with
the rare exceptions of that from friend
Kettle and a few others favourablv situ-
ated down South), the bees in this part
have done badly. During my " Twenty
years among the Bees " this is the
first season that my apiary cash account
has shown a balance on the wrong side,
but as T have a few more stocks goioig
into winter quarters than I had in the

spring, the account really should not be
confined to this season alone. Owing to
the unsettled weather, we had no oppor-
tunity of testing the honey-gathering
qualities of the various bees in the apiary.
All stocks are now headed with 1920
queens, and consist of purely mated
native, native mated to Italian drone,
home-raised Italian, White Star Italian,
and Penna imported Italian. On the
season's work I note the following
remarks :—

a. I took surplus honey from one hive
only. This was a stock of natives.

b. The progeny of my " Britalian
Bees " (native queen mated to Italian
drone) are as gentle and easily handled as
any pure variety.

c. Home raised Italians vary greatly in
temper. One such stock was the most
vicious I have ever handled, while others
are tame as flies.

d. The best stock of autumn workers is
headed by an imported Penna queen.
These were busy carrying pollen into their
hive during some cold days in September,
when not a bee ventured forth out of any
other hive in the apiary.

e. Virgin queens greatly varied in the
age at which they were fertilised. Some
started laying at seven days old, while
others went as long as 24 and 25 ,days.
Evrn the late-mated ones are promising
well. Out of 21 virgin queens in nuclei
and stocks at about the same time, three
only were lost on their mating flights, and
one only had failed to mate.

f. One stock of Italians is evidently
much less hardy than anjs other stock I
have. Their hive is in rather a shady
part of the apiary, where the sun at this
time of the year shines but little o» them.
These bees come out of their hive, and the
cold air seems to chill them. Scores ■ of
them may be seen some days amongst the
dew-laden grass in front of their hive, and
once down they have no emergj to rise
again. The sight of these bees has more
than once caused me some imeasiness, and
anyone who has once lost all his bees
through Mirrospnri(J,iosis will understand
why. Yet they showed no other symptoms
of that dread disease. There was no
dysentry, no dislocated wings, and no dis-
tended abdomen. I collected some of them
into a box, which was taken indoors, and
the warmth soon made them quite lively
again. However, to relieve myself of any
further anxiety regarding them I sent off
a queen-cage full to the Department of
Comparative Anatomy, Oxford, and was
very pleased to receive Dr. H. Goodrich's
reply in about seven days, which was as
folows : — " Report on bees received Sep-
tember 25, 1920. No Nosema found." It
was all I wanted to know, and my mind
was at ease.

Oct. 14, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUKNAL.

497

After all, the loss of many bees at this
critical time is sure to tell on the pros-
perity of this stock, and I canot hope to
find them in the spring as strong as other
stocks which have acted normally. Is it
possible that some of the ca^es of crawl-
ing, etc., mentioned in the Journal lately,
with symptoms similar to, but not identi-
cal with, " Isle of Wight " disease, are
due to soft, unacclimatised • bees of a
foreign variety'?—!. Alun Jones, Halkyn,
Flintshire.

Street and Glastonbury
Bee-Keepers' Association.

ANNUAL MEETING.

The annual meeting was held at Port-
way House, Street, on September 20. The
Secretary's report showed that . the
number of stocks of bees in the district
had doubled, there being 45 last year,
compared with 90 this year. Surplus
honey taken last year was 750 lbs., this
year only 300 Ibsi. Extracted honey sold
at '2s. 9d. a lb., sections afc 3s. each.
Memlfers were recommended this year to
charge 3s. for extracted and 3s. 6d. for
sections. Last year tons of honey were
wasted for want of bees to gather it. This
year tons were Avasted for want of sun-
shine to enable the bees to gather it.

THE HONEY SEASON

was the worst we have known. The county
secretary informed us that we had to go
back to ' 1888 to find such a bad season ,
and even that was believed to be not quite
so bad as 1920. The best " take " from
one hive this year was 34 lbs., compared
with 281 lbs. last year. There was never
a good honey week the whole season. The
bees were never a})lp to store surplus on
more than three or four consecutve days.
May was the best honey month, as usual.
AU the honey gathered after June 6 was
eate?^ by the bees during the poor
weather of Jiily, August and September.
Feeding will be necessary for all swarms
that came off after Jjine 6.

" THE " ISLE OF WIGHT " niSEASE

still claims its victims. Five remain-
ing stocks of the English bees in different
parts of the district were affected in the
spring, and by this time are believed to
be all dead; we hope the disease has gone
with them. In two cases the disease
showed ip rtalian-English crosses. Tbey
appear to have now recovered. The
pure Italians have not shown any sign of
the disease. If we wish to keep bees at
all it appeal's to be necessary to have
TtaJians, or sojiio strain capable of resist-
ing disease. The Italians are quite suit-
able for this country, giving a larger yield
of honey in fine weather, although in poor
seasons like this ooe the English strains
do better. They are gentle to handle,

but care should be taken to prevent them
getting crossed with unsuitable strains,
or the result may be a remarkable cross
bee quite capable of giving the bee-keeper
unpleasant surprises. Some of our mem-
bers have made a speciality of increasing
from selected strains and supplying others
whose bees had died out, at prices vary-
ing from 30s. for the smallest nucleus up
to ^6 for the beet stocks that changed
hands in the spring. To keep the strain
pure a number of queens were ' imported
direct from Italy, and some have been
obtained through the Ministry of Agricul-
ture, the County Council Horticiiltiural
Committee have also helped, and we have
had some nuclei supplied through the re-
stocking scheme of the Somerset B.K.A.
In the spring there were not sufficient
bees to go round, but now we have a
supply more than equal to the demand.

STRAY SW'ARMS.

Several were seen, and some captured
in the early part of the summer. Our
oldest bee-keeper (age 90 years) had a
remarkable experience, he had one of the
largest apiaries in the neighbourhood
when the " Isle of Wight " disease came
some five years ago, and ho mourned the
loss of every bee. One night this year he
had a happy time in dreamland, and saw
in a vision a swarm of bees coming into
the garden and " pitching " on the apple
tree. He told the dream to his grand-
childi-en at breakfast time. About 11
o'clock he went into the garden and
Avas heard shouting " The bees are
coming! " and, to the astonishment of
everybody, they settled in the exact place
that he ha-d described at breakfast.
Another stray swarm was secured bj'- our
youngest member, who never dreamed of
such a thing happening. Another
member told how he had kept an empty
hive out for years to attract a swarm, but
he had never been favoured.

A NEW THEORY

as to how the " Isle of Wight " disease
is spread. A good deal of experimenting
has been done by bee-keepers in Street
to try and find out how the disease is
spread. We have been endeavouring to
prove that the main cause of the spread
of the disease is owing to queens matijig
Avith drones from diseased hives, the
queen carrying back the infection to its
own liiA'e. In six cases Avherp there was
evidence of the queen mating with a
drone from a diseased co]ony the stock
began to show .signs of the disease a month
after mating. The experijnents haie
extended over some years, hut the th<^ory
is very difficult to ])rove. owing to mating
taking place high in the air. T^ast year
a clean queen Avas introduced to ^ very
badly affected stock, the bees dying by
thousands daily. A month after they

498

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Oct. 14, 1920.

were nearly better, but only about one-
twentieth part of the bees remained. For
ten months after there were slight symp-
toms of the disease, and then they
appeared to recover completely, and are
now vigorous, and apparently perfectly
healthy. This summer, when short of
food, some combs of honey were given
from a hive in which the bees had died
of " Isle of Wight " disease, without
doing any harm. They are being
watched • with much interest, and not a
crawler has been seen for the last sixteen
weeks^ "We do not recommend this treat-
ment. One of our members tried it this
year, but Aveather conditions were un-
favourable, and all the bees were dead
three weeks after the introduction of the
clean queen, and a valuable queen was
lost. We recommend destroying a stock
as soon as the " Isle of Wight " symptoms
are apparent. It is much more economi-
cal than trying remedies to save. It
clears out the disease and the drones
which might spread it to other stocks.
Breed only from those stocks that appear
to he immune. Some members have
adopted this method, and for its size we
do not know of a district in England with
so large a number of healthy stocks. At
the present time we do not know of a
diseased stock. The secretary will be
glad to give any available information on
the strains of bees that are capable of
resisting the " Isle of Wight " disease.

A profitable time was spent with ques-
tions on bee-keeping in general, and so
pleased were the members with the
answers that Mr. Bigg-Wither was asked
to come to Street during the winter and
give a public lecture. We look forward
to this lecture and to a better season next
year, when the bees will have an oppor-
tunity of showing what they can do.—
Edwin I. Walter, Portway House,
Street, Somerset, hon. secretary.

Essex Fruit and Honey Show.

The above show (inaugurated by the
Essex Education Committee) was held at
the Institute of Agriculture, Chelmsford,
from October 5 to 6, the management of
the fruit section being conducted by the
Essex Fruit Growers' Federation and the
honey section by the Essex Bee-keepers'
Association, whilst the Committee ar-
ranged for lectures to be given by the staff
of the Institute each day. — Special credit
was duo to Miss E. Jameson, who was in
charge of the Microscopical Department,
for an excellent set of slides of the
anatomy of the honey bee, and also for
slides of bee diseases. These proved im-
mensely attractive to interested bee-
keepers, few of whom possess a really

good microscope, and the opportunity of
using a dozen high-powered instruments
was one not to be missed. The exhibits
both of fruit and honey were of excellent
quality, and clearly demonstrated the
possibilities of Essex both for the fruit-
grower and bee-keeper. The exhibits of
honey were judged by Mr. Q. B. Alder,
assisted by Mr. C. Winn, of Hornchurch,
and the county bee inspector, Mr. G. E.
Alder, jun., the awards being as follows : —

Complete and inexpensive beehive. — 1,
J. Lee & Son, Ltd., Uxbridge; 2, L.
Andrews & Co., Peterboroiagh.

Observatory hive, with bees. — 1, F. M.
Claridge, Copford; 2, C. H. Aubrey,
Chelmsford.

Six 1-lb. sections comb honey. — 1,
C. H. Aubrey; 2, O. Crouch, Heybridge.

One 1-lb. section. — 1, O. Crouch; 2,
A. C. Tew, Tiptree.

Six 1-lb. jars extracted honey. — 1, Miss
G. M. Darrington, Wendon; 2, F. M.
Claridge; 3, A. C. Tew; v.h.c, G. A.
Taylor, Ongar.

Three 1-lb. jars extracted honey. — 1,
Miss W. A. Hope, Hatfield Peveril; 2, L.
Belsham, Heybridge; 3, Mrs. Low, Broom-
field.

Six 1-lb jars granulated. — 1 and 2 and
B.B.K.A. certificate, F. M. Claridge; 3,
L. Belsham.

One 1-lb. jar extracted. — 1, F. M.
Claridge; 2, 0. Crouch.

Trophy class. — 1, A. C. Tew.

Beeswax, about 2 lbs. — 1, L. Belsham;
2, F. M. Claridge

Interesting or useful exliibits. — 1, A. C.
Tew; 2, F. M. Crouch.

Honey cakes. — 1, Miss Bott, Chelms-
ford .

The silver medal of the B.B.K.A. was
won by Mr. F. M. Claridge, and the
bronze by Mr. A. C. Tew.

The observatory hives were greatly ap-
preciated by visitors each day, Mr.
Claridge showing his Golden Italians,
which were fiying very freely the whole of
the time of the show, whilst the other
observatory hive, containing blacks, had
but very few bees flying. — Communicated .

Lecture at Kingston.

A lecture, arranged by the Surrey Edu-
cation Committee, on "Wintering Bees,"
was given by Mr. G. W. Judge, Secretary
of the Kent B.K.A., in the lecture-hall of
the Kingston-upon-Thames Public Library,
on October 4. The lecturer dealt very
fully and clearly with his subject, and
illustrated it with a number of excellent
lantern slides. At the end of the lecture
many questions were asked and answered.
On the motion of Mr. B. Carter, Hon.
Secretary of the Kingston District B.K.A.,

Oct. 14, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

499

a hearty vote of thanks was accorded the
lecturer for his very interesting and in-
formative lecture. — B. Carter.

Echoes from the Hives.

YORKSHIRE.

The reports published of the honey har-
vest from counties from all points of the
compass tell the same tale of woe, and
Yorkshire can also join in the same strain
so far as the early bloom and clover har-
vest is concerned, but the heather crop will
prove one of the best for years, and bee-
keepers who took the trouble and expense
of moving stocks to the moors will be
rewarded with ample winter stores and
surplus honey. It is very rare that bees
will draw out comb and fill sections,
but 1920 has proved an exception, the
continued weeks of ideal weather giving
them the opportunity. Had Mr. Tickel
(10301) traversed the district, Pickering,
Saltersgate, Levisham, Goathland and
beyond to the sea 20 years ago, he would
have seen hundreds of hives, but disease
has taken a very heavy toll, and the now
high expense of cartage, either road or
rail, makes one think twice of the venture,
for it is a sporting chance whether one
recovers out-of-pocket expenses. From 30
years knowledge of heather seasons
I can count the good ones on the fingers
of one hand, so I trust by 1026 the work
of the re-stocking scheme will be rewarded
by seeing all the old sites and stands occu-
pied, and this glorious vale of Pickering
again ringing with the merry hum. —
W. E. Richardson.

Honey Imports.

The registered value of honey imported
into the United Kingdom during the
month of September, 1920, was £34,947.—
From a return furnished by the Statistical
Office of H.M. Customs.

The Harvesters.

Yonder in the misty valleys,

They are gathering up the corn.

Here among the barren hillocks,
Toil begins at early morn.

From the purple heather patches,
Wafted on the moorland breeze,

Comes the drowsy note of humming,
Joyful song of busy bees.

They must fill their golden coffers.
For the cold, dark months ahead;

Patient workers, never ceasing,
Till the light of day has sped.
V. I. W.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Supersedure of Queens.

[10,312] It is possible that my ex-
perience may help to elucidate some of
the points raised in Mr. Hogan's letter
re queens being apparently superseded
after having been successfully introduced.
Owing to an error in manipulation
towards the end of the August 1919 honey
flow, three stocks were found with no eggs
but only brood in an advanced stage, and
the queens so altered as to be unrecog-
nisable from the description given in the
tallying cards. After a terribly disap-
pointing season, a grand honey flow set
in here the beginning of August, and
having successfully prevented swarming,
the stocks were so strong that, honey
poured in; however, needing more room,
the fatal mistake was made of giving
them an empty box next to the brood nest,
and, the flow suddenly stopping, breed-
ing decreased to an unprecedented extent.
The untoward weather looking likely to
continue, their winter box of food stored
above was given to them (this box bciiu';
filled with honey with the exceptio.i of
two combs in the centre), and within a
week those queens wiere laying in the
upper box and had changed their form
and colour marvellously, in spite of the
indifferent weather prevailing. These
identical stocks were in fine fettle in the
spring, overflowing with bees in two stock
boxes, and were taken over from us with
others by Mr. Hogan'.

I do not suggest for a moment that
bees will not supersede newly-introduced
queens, as I have had them do it — they
know more than we do as to the super-
qualities needed in their mother-queen,
and it is well never to argue with them,
but re-queen early enough to allow them
to settle in well before the winter; but
food necessarily plays such an important
part that its disposition may lead to mis-
leading conclusions. It must not be for-
gotten that, unlike British Blacks, Italian
bees are exceedingly prolific and on that
account have often literally little or no
food in their breeding quarters, taking it
all above, which is excellent to a point,
but needs careful manipulation and fore-

500

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 14, 1920.

thought on the part of the bee-keeper in
our uncertain climate, as unless the queen
is practically confined it is good-bye to
the harvest and safe wintering.

With reference to the fertilisation of
virgins, Mr. Hogan will find that it is
impracticable, in this country at any rate,
to expect to get them fertilised after
such a long period has elapsed since
hatching, as there would be no chance for
them unless under a long spell of settled
weather, and that certainly has not been
our luck the last few seasons — it is far
better to cut the loss.

By the way, I am interested to hear
that Mr. Hogan has also had success with
the nuclei-neAvspaper method of intro-
duction of queens. It is an extraor-
dinarily safe and simple method, and
allows of queen introduction in any
weather and at any time of the year when
bees are on the move without de-queening
first, and to any sort or condition of
stocks, large or small, without interrup-
tion of the work of the largest hive for a
single hour; and, not least, it enables a
queen to be introduced to a stock in a
swarming condition, when experts know
that it is the most difficult thing to get
them to accept one not of their own
" making." I have never had a failure
by this method, always bearing in mind
an evidently fundamental bee-]aw, that
the bottom of the hive is their castle, and
on the manipulation of this depends their
welfare and the beekeeper's harvest.

Far from bees " doing nothing invari-
ably," I venture to suggest that they fall
into line with other livestock as to
uniformity and stability of action if run
on Liieir own lines, as acting on certain
premises I was enabled to deliberately
oust " I.O.W." disease from the apiary,
prevent swarming with ease, and make a
large number of nuclei and yet pull in a
good harvest, averaging 1^ cwt. per stock
in a fortnight's flow. — L. Willis, Sud-
bury, Suffolk.

r Onions and "I.O.W." Disease.

[lO.SlS] On September 24 two of my
stocks suddenly developed crawling to an
alarming extent. No. 1 stock was
originally a black stock of good strain
re-qucened with a Plana queen obtained
from Ministry of Argiculture on July 4
last. No. 2, an Italian stock, which had
i-aised a new queen from eggs from No. 1.
All stocks (five in number) were in new
brood nests, now frames, and fresh
foundation, and had been thoroughly
Flavined and fed up with thick syrup. 1
at oncp resolved to try the onion treat-
ment, with the result that all crawling

ceased in three days, during which time
the weather has been fine and warm, the
bees flying freely, and can occasionally be
seen carrying in pollen.

In treating these crawling stocks I used
" shallots " instead of onions, and had
that failed I should have tried garlic; and
instead of boiling in a large excess of
water I simply stewed in a covered sauce-
pan for several hours ,,iust covering the
chopped up shallots with water. The
resultant extract was a thick syrup
whioh when mixed with- thick " autumn "
syrup did not alter its consistency, so the
syrup will no doubt be sealed over. As
to whether this is merely a. temporary
relief or a permanent cure time alone will
tell us, and it is to be hoped that all who
try the treatment will keep their treated
stocks under observation and report
results.

I may say, here, thg,t I collected a
nixmber of the crawling bees and sent them
to Dr. Helen Goodrich, but, unfortu-
nately, they arrived dead, so no examina-
tion was possible.

As allyl sulphide, the pungent in-
gredient of the onion tribe, is volatile at
steam heat, and Mr. Witney in his experi-
ment reduced the volume of his extract
25 per cent, by boiling in an open vessel
(note difference in flavour betwixt a raw
and ))oiled onion) one rather doubts as to
whether the allyl components are re-
sponsible for the cure? If this is so, the
comparison drawn by Mr. Hemn^ing
between " Yadil " and the onion treat-
ment hardly holds good. And, further, 1
scarcely think that the active medicinal
properties ■ of plants are found in the
nectar secreted in the flowers, otherwise
honey would be a very dangerous food. I
should be inclined to think that the
cure (?) is rather due to some easily
assimilated organic sulphur compound,
but I don't wish to dogmatise.

If more cases of successful treatment
are reported, would it not be worth while
lor the B.B.K.A. to take the matter
up? I would suggest the issue of a form
describing method of treatment, followed
by a list of pertinent questions to be
answered by those adopting the treatment.
These forms could be sent to secretaries of
affiliated associations to be issxied to
members. The association secretaries to
be rosponsible for issuing and forwarding
the fiHed up forms to the B.B.K.A. The
results could ■ then be tabulated, sum-
marised, and a report issued. This would,
of course, take time, ns treated stocks, if
thev survived, would require to be
poriodirally reported upon. In the mean-
time brief interim reports might be pub-
lished in various Bee Journals. — C.
JIaurison, Hayle, Cornwall.

Oct. 14, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOUENAL.

501

Origin of the " Isle of Wight
Disease."

[10314] I should like to suggest a
theory of the origin of " Isle of Wight "
and crawling disease, on which the letter
(No. 10,282, page 430, September 2) by
Mr. J. Ballantyne and the article by
Mr. T. H. Witney (page 458, Septem-
ber 23) have some bearing.

On reading the report published by the
Medical Kesearch Committee on Vita-
mines or the Accessory Food Factors, and
being struck by the fact that the life of
the animals experimented with could not
persist without the absorption of such sub-
stances, I began to wonder whether bees
were dependent on one or all of these
factors for their normal growth. To this
question I could get no answer, until a
paper was published in the Journal of
the American Chemical Society* which
showed that pollen was a source of the
anti-neuritic factor, the water soluble A..
Knowing this, it was not difificult to sur-
mise that bees probably make use of this
substance, and that if they are deprived of
pollen signs of malnutrition would soon
appear.

The effect of depriving bees of pollen is
indicated by Mr. Ballajntyne, who in his
letter quotes 10,26.5 and propounds the
theory that want of pollen is the cause
of crawling disease, while Mr. A. W.
Salmon, in letter 10,276, quotes another
case where the bees could not obtain
pollen and were affected with the same
paralytic disease.

Experiments with mammals show that
the result of depriving them of the anti-
neuritic factor is a form of paralysis, and
in the case of man is the eastern disease
called beri-beri.

It is thus possible that the paralysis
which afflicts the bee when deprived of
pollen ia really due to its being deprived
of the anti-neuritic vitamine just as
paralysis ensues when the animals experi-
mented on are deprived of food contain-
ing this factor.

As regards the disease itself, I gather
from the articles in the B.R.J, that
the crawling disease is a preliminary
to " Isle of Wight," which, however, is
occasionally cured of itself if the weather
is good enough for the bees to forage and
bring in pollen. " Isle of Wight." the
advanced stage, seems to be present when
the bees have eaten the pollen and cannot
digest it owing to paralysis. In such a
case they would fall an easy prey to bac-
terial affection, which might account for
the presence of bacteria very often re-
ported present in bees suffering from this
disease.

If this vitamine theory is corect, the

* J. J. Willamen, J.A.C.S., 42, 549-584.

remedy for the crawling disease is to pro-
vide the bees with such food containing
the anti-neuritic factor as they can easily
absorb. Thus, as Mr. Ballantyne sug-
gests, pollen, or a pollen substitute, should
always be available, but it is to be noted
that the pollen substitute must contain
the water-soluble A. Whether peaflour
contains it I do not know. Mr. Witney
found the onion sj'rup was successful in
curing the disease and ascribed the bene-
ficial effect to its laxative power. It is
quite likely, however, that onion juice is
a source of this anti-neuritic factor, so
that he might just as well have used the
juice of the apple, pear, peach or prune.

The theory sketched out above points to
a line of research work which should be
carried out as soon as possible by the Bee-
Keepers' Association, or by some, similar
body.

Such a research would have for its aim
the following objects : —

(1) The ascertaining of which of the
three food factors, anti-neuritic, anti-
rachitic and anti-scorbutic are necessary
for the well-being of the hive of the honey
bee.

(2) The result of depriving hives of any
one of these factors.

(3) The value of honey as a source of
these factors.

It is pointed out that if honey be shown
to contain a fair content of the anti-
rachitic factor (though this is unlikely)
it would soon approach the value of its
own Aveight of cream or cod liver oil. —
•T. S. Dick, 6, Blendon Terrace, Plumstead.

Is Poppy Pollen Injurious?

[10315] I have seven stocks, and all of
them are in a very poor way as regards
stores and will take a great amount of
feeding up. I have only had 2\ lbs. of
honey this season, and everyone about
here is much the same. Our honey flow
is entirely dependent on fruit blossoms,
and clover, and the weather here up
north, at that time, was worse than hope-
less. In fact, I had one colony of pure
Italians to feed in July, or they would
have starved. The queen, which is a pure
" Penna," laid at such a rate, and, no
food coming in of any consequence, that
they could not food-J;he young larvse, so
they began tearing them out of the cells
and throwing outside before I found out.

One of our hives swarmed five times,
but the bees did not cluster properly, and
then returned back to the original hivo.
The last time they went back I got the
old queen out with throe combs of brood
and bees, and placed them in a new hive
and all went serenely afterwards, and the
new queen started laying straightaway;

502

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Oct. 14. 1920.

but why they kept going back I cannot
imagine, as they gave no one chance to
hive them whilst out. Perhaps some of
your readers may have had some similar
case.

I wish we had some of those raspberry
canes about here which seem to bloom so
prolifically down in Dorset.

Can anyone tell me, please, whether the
pollen from poppy flowers has any
injurious amount of opium in it which
could affect the young bees' food? I have
a bod of the flowers and bees seem very
fond of them, and seem to get a large
amount of pollen from each flower. I
have stood and watched them pack their
legs until they could hardly move about. —
Edwyn Brighton, Bolton-le-Sands.

Feeding with Imnorted Honey.

[10316] With further reference to
letters 10284 and 10303, Mr. S. H. Smith,
of Cambridge, in his book " Let the
Bees Tell You " recommends feeding
diluted unsealed honey (one honey to
three of warm water), in order to keep up
the flow during the season for filling sec-
tions. This is very different from your
recipe of 3 or 4 fluid ozs. to each pound
of honey, and as in the former case the
honev is unsealed one would think that
less dilution, not more, would be advisable.
Of course, the time of year makes a differ-
ence, but does not account for ozs. being
suitable in one case and pints in the
other. — Vernon K. Dean.

[The conditions dealt with in the two
cases are quite dfferenk In spring and
summer feeding for the purpose of stimu-
lating, or keeping up, brood rearing, the
syrup or honey should be very much
thinner than for autumn feeding, how
much thinner is a matter for the judg-
ment of the bee-keeper. — Eds.]

Bees Buildinj* in the Open.

[10317] Mr. Halford's-and Mrs. Emma
■Heatly's swarms in the open were com-
mon occurrences last season. I've had two
similar cases. 1 was called to hive a
swarm for a friend during his absence.
I-:; was shown to me very late in the even-
ing on a gooseberry bush. After giving
them a shake, I found a fairly large piece
of comb fixed in the bush, and two smaller
pieces had fallen with the bees into the
skep. This was due to the weather being
S3 wet. They were first discovered that
morning before ten o'clock, settled, so they
must have swarmed the day previous, and
I hived them about six o'clock in the even-
ing. They had evidently been there about
.",0 hours, and compelled to discharge their
load of honey, which was made into wax.
Another lot had settled under the lap of
another hive's roof, and they were hiving

themselves in this roof through a knot-
hole. The hole was so small, and bees a
massive swarm, they took some time to
enter. When I discovered them I saw
what appeared to be a small cast, which
were covering a piece of comb about 2 in.
deep. The rest were in under the roof,
which also had comb drawn out.— B.
MuNDY, Bangor House, Lampeter.

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the paper only.

Bees Not Transferring Themselves.

[9910] Early in June, 1919, I pur-
chased a swarm of bees from Messrs. J.
Lee, and, unfortunately, hived them in
a large skep, thinking that after their
journey they would need nursing. On
July 10, a month after being hived, a
large cast issued at 4 p.m., and were lost.
I then put the skep over a bar-frame
hive, and nothing further occurred. This
spring L thought that the queen would
transfer herself, the bees filled out the
foundation, and stored a good deal of
honey, but on June 4 they swarmed with-
out my being awere of it, and fell to the
lot of a neighbour.

On the 10th three casts issued, and
were hived, and have made one good
stock. On July 5 I drove the bees from
the original skep, but did not see the
queen, and an examination three weeks
later showed that she was still in the
skep. So I drove them again, but did
not see the queen, and on looking at the
end of a week she was still in the skep.
It was evident that drastic measures
would have to be taken, so the bees were
once more driven out of that skep, and
all the comb taken out. I did not see
the queen. The best of the brood I placed
in a smaller skep over the frame hive.
And I trust that the queen is in the bar
frame hive.

Anyway, she is not in the original skep,
which reposes in my study! This shows
that we cannot always go by the book, and
that some bees and some bee-keepers need
really good fool-proof devices. — G.
Grylls, Honiton.

When the above letter was in type, but

Oct. 14. 1920.

THE BEWISH BEE JOUENAL.

608

before it was published, we received the
following further letters from Rev.
Grylls :—

" The ■queen I wrote about is still in
the skep over queen excluder. She must
have been among the combs I put back.
I am going to drive her for the fourth
time, as I can't believe in her trans^
ferring herself. Any hints from you in
B.B.J, would be welcome."— G. Grills.

" I found on driving the bees for the
fifth time that the queen was still in the
skep ! She is small, and had passed
through the wires. I should like to know
if there are, or if you have had other
examples of bees refusing to transfer
themselves? If the queen has not trans-
ferred herself to-day I am going to cut
out the combs and put the best, brood in
the stock box, separating from the bar
frames with a piece of queen excluder."- —
G. Grylls.

Reply. — ^We have never had any diffi-
culty in transferring bees from skeps to
frame hives by this method. It appears
to be just one of those instances proving
the truth of that old saying : " Bees do
nothing invariably." Why the queen
refused to take possession of the lower
combs in the first instance we cannot say.
The trouble following was due mainly to
the smallness of the queen. This caused
her to be overlooked in the first instance
and, later, when she was found and placed
on the lower combs, enabled her to pass
through the queen excluder back to the
skep — and brood. Another cause was the
lateness of the season — the amount of
brood V would be diminishing instead of
increasing.

A better plan than putting the brood in
the small skep after the first driving
would have been to fix it in standard
trames, it could then have been put in the
standard brood chamber, and the skep re-
moved entirely. In our early bee-keeping
days we have at different times saved
large quantities of brood by this method
when driving bees for cottagers. The
comb containing brood was, of course, no
use to them, and would have been thrown
away. "We were allowed to cut it out
after driving the bees, it was then
wrapped up warmly, taken home, and at
once fixed up in standard frames. Our
method was to have a board a little larger
than a standard frame. Across this three
of four pieces of tape or string were laid:
these were long enough to go right round
the frame from top to bottom and tie in
a knot. A frame was then laid over the
strings and it was entirely filled with the
comb. As large a piece as possible was
first put in, the top edge being cut level
to fit the underside of the top bar. Pieces
of comb were then cut to fill up the re-
maining spaces, the whole being wedged

as tightly as possible into the frame. The
strings were tied tightly round, and the
board and frame lifted together into an
upright position, and the frame of comb
gently lowered into the brood box. Of
course, a little brood is destroyed, and
the combs when finished off by the bees are
somewhat rough. They should be ex-
amined every day for a iew days to see
that no pieces of comb fall. The string
may be left for the bees to gnaw away, or
be removed as soon as the comb has been
fixed by the bees. The latter course is
preferable. The conibs should be placed at
the sides when packing down for winter,
and can then be removed the following
season, the comb cut out of the frame, and
a sheet of comb foundation put in its
place.

Bee Shows to Come.

October 19 to 22.— Dairy Siow, Agriculiural
Hall, London. Open Claeses for Honey, etc.— Par-
ticulars, Secretary, Dairy Farmers' Aseociartion, 28,
Eussell Square, London, W.C.I.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Eruit, Eoot and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Claeses in Honey
Section.— Schedulee from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Boad. Worcester. Sntrles close Novem-
ber 6.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Will advertiiers pleate read these Rules care-
fully in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per Jin., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNINO for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVEKTISESIENTS.

EXTRACTOR, not geared, Eipener and Wax
Extractor, all in good condition, £3 lOs.; also
home-raised Italian Queen, 1920, 68. 6d.— 73. St.
John's Park, Blackheath, S.E.3. j.l3

BEES, HIVES, ETC., for Sale. Send stamp for
li.st.-JAMES GLADDING, London Road,
Copdock, Ipswich. r.j.l4

WANTED, Stock Driven Bees, Italians pre-
ferred, or Bees without queen.— Weight and
particulars, GILL, West Street, Boston. j.l6

504

THE BBITISH BEE JOUKNAL.

Oct. 14, 1920.

J?OR SALE, light coloured Cambridgeehire
Honey, in 28-lb. tins, £9 per cwt., On rail;
sample 6d.— W. BARNES, Exning, Newmarket.
JA5

PURE LIGHT CAMBRIDGE HONEY (guaran-
teed), 14-lb. tine, 30s.; 28-lb. tins, 57e. 6d., car-
riage paid.— YOUNO, 42, James Street, Cambridge.
r.j.17

"TXTANTED, at once, dozen tall Honey Jars, about

T V 10 or 12 ins. Jiigh, aicrew tops or tie downs.—

Price to KNIGHT, Kenwyn, Txuro. jJ8

Ij^OR SALE, six -Bee Hives, bar frames, sections,
etc., also about 49 lbs. Flower Honey in sec-
tions or jars.- Apply, L. HENDERSON, Patli
Head, Blaydori-on-Tyne. j.l9

BEESWAX, pure, for Sale, 5 cwt., packed in
§-cwt. bags, £8 16s. per cwt. net, f.o.r.
London.— Apply, Box 104, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, W.C.2. . r.j.20

COG GEARED HONEY EXTRACTOR and
quantity of various Bee Appliances for Sale;
^11 in good condition.— W. DRURY. 6. Smithfield
Road. Gleadless. Sheffield. j.21

BROTHER BEE-KEEPERS with spare time
wishing to commence in the Retail Fish
Business write J. W. ELVIDGE. Wholesale Fish
Merchant, Grimsby. r.h.239

TWO surplus 1919 Queens, Hybride, 3s. 6d. each.
—BARNES, 20, Bourdon Road, Anerley. j.22

HEATHER HONEY, 1 cwt., 2s. 6d. per Ib.-r-
WOODS, Normandy, Guildford.

HEATHER SECTIONS, one gross required, for
cash.— GORDON ROWE, 28a, Moy Road.
Cardiff. h.229

WANTED, Stock of Driven Bees with Queen,
also one Queen.— MACLULLOCH, Mount
Park, Gourock. J.2

SECOND-HAND Hives and Appliances for Sale
cheap. Please send P.C. for particulars. —
CLIFFORD DE KUSEL, S.P.B.A., Allerton
Poultry Farm, Liverpool. j.4

SURPLUS QUEENS from driven bees, all this
year's rearing, mostly black stock, 58. eacih per
return.— CLARIDGB, Copford, near Colchester.

h.220

H

BATHER HONEY wanted for cash.— A.
GORDON ROWE, 28a, Iloy Road. Cardiff.

h.229

HIGH-CLASS HONEY (white), in 7, 14 and 28-lb.
tins, 23. lb.; also in screw-cap bottles, 28s.
dozen, f.o.r.— WHYTE. Bee Farm. Cumbernauld,
Dumbartonshire. h.205

HAVE YOF READ "THE BEE WORLD "P
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy f ree.MJffices : THE APIB CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

BUSINESS ADVEBTZSEMEirrS.
IJd. per word.

ITALIAN QUEENS.— Signer Penna is sending us
a few selected Fertile Queens, whidh we can
offer at the unusually low rate of 7s. 6d. each.
Orders in rotation. Supply very limited.—
PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. h.221

MASHEATH iMiEMS.— " I am very well pleased
with all you have sent me.— H. E. S."—
ATKINSON, Fakenham. j.23

CRAWLING DISEASE.-Reliable treatment for
curing and prevention; recipe 2s. 6d.— A. W.
SALMON, Cashfield, Chingford. r.h.l62

AUSTRALIAN HONEY FOR FEEDING
BEES.— Cases containing two tins, about
60 lbs. each, 110s. per case; 1 tin 56s., carriage paid
100 miles. Remittances with orders.- SOUTH-
WOOD, 95, Acton Vale, London. r.h.l90

WIGHT" DISEASE.— Prevention and removal.
Advice 5s.— ALP. RYALL, Cottage Farm,
near Camp, Stroud. j.5

NO SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— Flavine or
Plain Candy, same price. 6 lbs., 10s., postage
Is. 5d. extra; larger quantities by passenger or
goods train. Made in Cambridge, and the
wrappers on the Flavine Candy bear our' name and
the maker's address.— S. H. SMITH, 30. Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. h.218

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE. 'Marl-
borough. r.h.l31

DAIRY SHOW

AGRICULTURAL HALL,
ISLINGTON, LONDON, N.

Patron: H.M. THE KING.

October 19, 20, 21 and 22

(TUESDAY TILL FRIDAY.)

Great Exhibition of Cattl«, Goats,
Poultry, Pigeons, Dairy Produce, New and
Improved Inventions, Butter Makers' and
Milkers' Contests, Cheesemaking, Poultry
Trussing, and Fruit Bottling Demon-
strations.

Inclusive Prices of Admission. — Admis-
sion on Tuesday, October 19, from
10 a.m. to 6 p.m., 3s. (the Gilbey Hall and
the Poultry and Pigeon Department will
not open until 1 p.m.) ; and from 6 to
10 p.m., Is. 6d. On Wednesday, Octo-
ber 20, from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m., 3s. ; from
1 p.m. to 10 p.m., 2s. On Thursday, from
10 a.m. to 10 p.m., Is. 6d., and on Friday,
from 10 a.m. to 8 p.m., Is. 6d. The
Exhibition will he closed on Friday at
9 p.m. for the removal of the Exhibits,

Finest Grade New Zealand Honey

(Amber)

For Bee Feeding. Guaranteed Pure.

Cases, each 2-60 lb. nominal Tina. 95/- per cwt.

Carriage paid.

Cash with order or on receipt of goods.

N.B, We are already supplying Beekeepers'

Associations throughout the Country and shall

be pleased to quote references.

The Bristol and Dominions Producers'
Association, Ltd., Bristol.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W.

EEXXOD-HBBICPSAUL, 93, Bedford
Street, Btmad, Ijondon. WX;.S>

Oct. 14, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

JOT i)OWN ihe deficiencies of your present
equipment and yonr needs for fntore improved
working. Tlien book for " MASHBATK "
(Begd.) Equipment for autumn construction.

The MASHEATEC UST contains an unique
series of Hives unequalled to-day. Yon should
not enter upon another bee season without them.

" The Hives (Porchless MaeJieaths) are excellent
ill every way, and I am very pleased indeed witli
them. * POBCHIiIiSS I ' Yes, every time. Need
I say more ? I will get you to send me two more."
— W. F., June 17. 1920.

Tiie MA&HEATH HIVES TAI.X as soon as
they are delivered.

ATKINSON, Pffi'Ker?" Fakenham.

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.

Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
*' Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings. LONDON. E.C.2.

BARGAINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING.

FOR 14 DAYS ONLY TO CLEAR.

Best quality new full size Fawn Australian
Blankets, 42/- pair.

Beet quality new full size Grey Australian
Blankets, 35/- pair.

Best quality Officers' Bedford 0>rd Riding
Breeches, 42/- pair.

Beet quality Officers' Cord Riding Breeches,
stra<pped, 25/- pair.

Good quality Cord Riding Breeches, 10/6 pair.

Dark Heavy Tweed Overcoats, suitable farmers,
etc., 25/- each.

Best quality new Army Puttees, 4/6 pair.

Good Blue Serge Trousers, suitable for work-
ing men, 12/6 pair.

Good Blue Serge Trousers, as new, 15/- pair.

New Blue Serge Trousers, best quality obtain-
able, 21/- pair.

Klhaki Drill Trousers, as new, all sizes, 7/6
pair.

THOUSANDS OF OTHCR BAltGAIKS

Khaki Drill Jackets, as new, all sizes, 7/6
Khaki' Drill Jackets, Officers' quality, 10/6

Khaki' Drill Trousers, Officers' quality, 10/6

pair.
Cardigan Jackets, as new, 8/6 each.
Bath or Carriage Sponge, large size, to clear,

1/6 each.
New Holeproof Trousers, everlasting wear,

18/6 pair.
New Blue Trousers, all sizes, 16/6 pair.
New Officers' Poplin Soft Collars, 4/- dozen.
New Officers' Khaki Collars, 4/6 dozen.
New Striped Union Shirts, best quality, 8/6

New indigo Blue Serge Ladies* Skirts, 15/6

each.
.\s new Indigo Blue Serge Ladies' Skirts, 8/6

each.

SI:ND FOR I.ZSTS FREE.

SACAR'S ARMY SURPLUS STORES (Dept. 29), ARDWICK, MANCHESTER.

8/

POST FREE

Of the Author, S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX.

- SIMMINS "A MODERN BEE FARM"

Nearly 500 pages. A few more copies at

Any further edition must cost 50% more

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very much regret that there haa been a large increase in the cost of the manvfactvre oj bte
appliances, and therefore tny prices will be advanced 10% from May 10th. Boohs excepted.

6i

RACTEROf "

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive off

"Isle of Wight * Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

BACIEROL LIMITED

19/25, Brookside Rd.. Highgate, N.19.

POSITIVE FACTS. >«. 13 /M930

I am very p1ea=ed with the (oundarlon. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the lergth of missing two sheets oi other ntw foundaticn, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back oi the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in Ihe least in i6 X lo frames.

Yours faithfully, R. B. MANLEY,

Illustrated Lists free by vast.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent

IV

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 14, 1920.

I FOUR FIRST PRIZES. I

^ Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR ^

= PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at =

^ Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods. =

= Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives. =

= BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate ^

= . despatch. =

^ CANDY. Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding =

I with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Price 1/6 per i-lb., |

^ carriage extra. =

I Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION. |

= Absolutely pure. Once used, always used. =

= Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an §

^ Apiary," post free on application. =

I R. STEELE & BRODIE, |

= Bee Appliance MakerSy =

I WORMIT, FIFE. |

= Telegrams : — " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormit. =

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin

Cee's Bee Supplies. "

f^ In design, material and workman-
■^ ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain
the reputation of being your best and
safest investment.

0 0 0

^ Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA-
■^ LOGUE is yours for the asking. It
contains detailed information on the
most up-to-date hives and appliances
for whkh the House of Lee is famous.

0 0 0

f] We regret the necessity of having
" to advise our Customers that owing
to the increased cost of production, all
prices in 1920 price list are subject to
10% increase. The increase will not
apply to orders received before May 10.

•»• Five per cent discount to Members of
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

^ (Telegram*: Graphiclj, Uxbridge. Telephona : Uxbridge 181.) W

Peintbd by the Avenue Press (L. Upooti Gill & Son, Ltd.), 55-57, Drcev Lane, London, W.C, and
Published for the Proprietor (W. Hbrkod-Hempsall), bv Sihpkin, Marshall, Sauilton.
Kent A Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, Paternoster Row. E.C.

:t^

fiBitiBB fin JooMU. mb fin-KfeKMBfl' At>vl6KB, October ^, 1^^.

[MOV 1 4 1920

No. 2000. Vol. XLVIII

OCTOBER 21, 1920.

IPublished every Thursday, Price 2d.

coMrrrEMrrrs.

PAGE

A Simple Sermon 505

Obituary Notice, Eev. G. C. Brtjton 505

A Dorset Tarn 505

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 506

CoTSwoLD Notes 507

Winter Jottings ■ 508

Honey Bees as Pollenisers and Spray Injury 508

Weather Report 514

Correspondence —

Onions and " I. O.W." Disease 511

A Robbing Baffle 512

Queenless Bees Storing Honey 512

A Gk>od Report 513

Bee Notea from Devonshire 513

Italians and " I.O.W.," or Crawling Disease 514

Queens for Disposal 514

Combs from other Hives 515

Notices to Correspondents 516

Do not LOSE YOUR BEES for the

sake of giving them a cake of our

PINK

SOFX
OANDY

Made from guaranteed Pure Cane
Sugar, medicated or plain.

NO VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

Price 1/6 per lb. Carriage or postage
extra.

E. H. TAYLOR, LTD., WELWYN, HERTS.

11

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 21, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journai]

OfBce: 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2i
Established 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAJT, F.L.S., &c.,
and J. HEBROS-HEaiFSAIiIi, F.E.S.

Correspondence: Whom to-Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee, Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Subscriptions.' — Armual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance ; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Hou. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money.— Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpennt/ stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yon are advised to insist on this being nsed when
dealing with strangers.

Boles and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that'
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatclied until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing'
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2J
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
S? . ^Kt: ^^-^ ^^^ ^^1' be forwarded by Cheque.
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
lerred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

p£; ^ffl^^^^^^-T^*^' Orders (drawn oa General
*J? \xr ^^'^' a?^ Cheques must be made payable
r^ !;• H^rS^Hempsall, and crossed "London
ii?i^ BLf'^.'^^^.f**'™^?^'' Bank-" The numbers of
iht> Poetal Orders ahoald be kept by the e«iui«r

We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances. — In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hoia
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each parity to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

=ra:

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Caah la fall must b« sent with order.

Postage

A Modern Bee Farm 7/6 ... 8id.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)

Advanced Beo Culture
(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 64d.

Beginner's Bee Boob (Pnxin) 5/- ... 4d.

BEE-KEEPING SISI;BI.IFIED
FOB THE COTTAGER AND
SMAJLIIHOI.DEK (W. Hebroo-
Hbhpsux, F.E.8.) 1/. ... 2d.

BRITISH BES • KEEPERS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowam)

Paper covers 2/6 ... 3d.

Cloth) covers 3/6 ... 4d.

Dissectible SCodel of Queen
Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FERTIIiISATION OF FRUIT
BIK)SSOBIS BY BEES (T. W.
Cowan) ./a ... id.

Honey and Health (A. Hopi) ... -/6 ... Id.

Honey Vinegar (Rbv. G. Bancks) -/2 ... Id.

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Comstock) 5/- ... 4id.

Prevention ol Swarming
(Wilkes) i/. ... id

Pollination of Fruit In rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hoopee, F.R.H.S.) -/e ... Id.

PRODUCING, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
HBRaoD-HEUPSAU, F.B.8.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Queen Rearing in England
(P. W. L. Sladbn) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientiflc Queen Rearing
KDoolittle) ... ... 4/. ... 3id.

Snel grove's Method of Re-
Queening ./6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/8 ... 2d

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.

Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... lAd.

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.

lure of the Honey Bee 2/- . . 2k&

THE BEE WORI.D (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apia Clue,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 , , IJd

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(TiCKNEB Edwaedes) 7/6 ... 4Jd.

British Bee Joamal & Record Office,

M. Bbdfokd 9rBxsr. btband Lokdov. W.OU.

Oct. 21, 1920.

THE BKITISH BEE JOURNAL.

505

A Simple Sermon.

There's only one method of nieetin' life's

test :
Just keep on a-strivin' an' hope for the

best.
Don't give up the game an' retire in

dismay
'Cause hammers are thrown when you'd

like a bouquet.
This world would be tiresome, we'd all get

blues,
If all the folks in it held just the same

views ;
So finish your work; show the 'best of your

skill.
Some folks won't like it, but other folks

will.

If you're leadin' an army, or buildin' a

fence,
Do the most that you can with your own

common sense.
One small word of praise in this journey

of tears
Outweighs in tlie balance 'gainst cartloads

of sneers.
The plants that we're passin' as common-
place weeds
Oft prove to be just what some sufferer

needs.
So keep on a-goin' ; don't stay standing

still.
Some' people won't like you, but other

folks will.

—(From Tit-Bits, May 29, 1920.)

Though the above is not strictly bee-
keeping, we think no apology is needed
for its appearance in oiir columns. It is
a sermon that everyone may apply to their
own circumstances. After the seasons of
1919 and 1920 the first three lines are an
ospeoially good motto for bee-keepers.
They are an optimistic class of people, j^nd,
no matter how bad a season may be,
always hope for a good one next time.
To those who have only commenced during
the past year, and have had no honey, but
instead have had to spend a considerable
amount of money in order to give their
colonies some chance of survi^ang the
winter, we would say follow the advice
given in the aecond and third lines, and
don't 'be discouraged to the extent of
giving up in disgust. We have had the
little poem on our desk for several months,
and a glance through it those times when
things do not go quite as one could wish
have often given us encouragement. No
doubt it will do the same for others, and
therefore we pass it on.

Obituary Notice.

REV. G. C. BRUTON.

It is witli extreme regret that we have
to record the death of the Rev. G. C.
Bruton, M.A., for nearly 25 years Vicar
of Great Hay ward, Stafford. For the last
iew months he had not been in his usual
state of health, and on September 20 he
went to Birmingham to undergo an opera-
tion by the specialist, Dr. Balling. For
a few days he seemed to be progressing
favourably, but on the 4th inst. the sad
news was received that he had passed
away through heart failure.

Naturally of a hardworking disposition,
the calls on his time were many. The
Staffordshire Bee-keepers' Association
loses a very good friend. He was
honorary secretary and treasurer from
1902 to 1911, and has been a member of
the general committee up to the begin-
ning of this year. Amongst his other
labours, apart from his many activities iti
the church, he was chairman of the
Stafford Board of Guardians and the
Rural District Pension Committee, and
was also secretary of the Cannock Chase
Golf Club. The funeral took place on the
Pth inst., at Great . Haywood, and was
attended by the representatives of many
public bodies, amidst the general regret of
his parishioners. — W. Griffiths.

A Dorset Yarn.

There is still a lot of matter to be
written about hives for bees. During the
last six years I have been at farm sales
where bees as well as cows were for sale;
one cannot but see the diversities of hives:
some are small and some very large. If
one judges by results, the large hives give
the finest harvest; some hives are far too
small. Then some are heavy and cumber-
some, others are flimsily built with mate-
rial too thin to take nails well, so they are
full of cracks that open in very hot
weather and let in the wasps and robber
liees, and the occupants of the hives have
to keep at home to defend their stores,
instead of gathering surplus. A well-made
hive is a great asset to the bee-keeper, and
where the hives are well made, then the
buyer at these sales is assured that he can
take them easily away. Where it is ea.sy
in summer to take out combs of bees with
brood and queen and place in a travelling
box, it is not so easy in winter to move
bees from crazy-built hives. If the brood
chamber is lifted and placed into a new
case, there is sure to be a lot of bees left
on the old board, which will soon die of
exposure. It seem«i bad business to keep '
bees in old hives that are not sound, yet
one sees so many of them in these crazy-
built monstrosities. My opinion, judging

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Oct. 21, 1920.

by results, is that the larger built hives
are preferable to small ones. Of course,
they must cost more, but the invest-
ment is a good one if the harvest is
greater. By having them on the large
side it is much more easy to add the sur-
plus racks in summer; if the brood cham-
bers are of a good thickness, the space all
round will add to coolness in summer, and
tend to keep it drier in winter, as the air
circulating round the brood box dries up
any damp that may get there. Beside
this, in the honey flow one can have the
brood frames in greater numbers. I am
not an advocate of a larger frame, but add
extra ones in the breeding time so as to
get the most bees when the surplus honey
is stored. My friend Mr. Garret had \
this year 15 bars in the brood chamber,
with two lifts of ten standard bars above
(these were Blacks from the Wareham area,
as written of last week). These can be
reduced in winter by division boards down
to the standard ten frames. Now, in the
small hives the manipulation in summer
is more difficult, as shallow bars of ten in
the racks, as sold by dealers in bee appli-
ances, require quite a lot of space; it is
impossible to get one on the small hives
which are sold at a low figure. Some of
them will only take a very small section
rack, yet a rack that has a fillet tacked on
the side to make it just cover the ten bars
is what is in general use, but they won't
go inside some of these small hives that I
have bought at sales of bees. So much
was written on this subject by able writers
a few years hack, they will perhaps bear
with me in touching on it again, but to
get a small hive that will not take the
numerous section racks and boxes of shal-
lows is not to advance commercial bee-
keeping. Of course, I do not want it to
be assumed from this that bees will not
do good work in them; I know they will.
I remember in years gone by, when I
supered with two rows of sections in a
bloater box and covered up the space over
bars with a piece of board, in these crazy
l)oxes the bees did well, they finished the
sections completely. (Necessity is the
mother of invention.) It was a year for
good surplus. All the racks I then had were
in use, so gave them the bloater boxes to
work in, and they did them well; but they
would have done better had they had the
whole of the bars covered. That comes
l)ack to the subject, the larger hives are
of greater advantage to the bee-keeper;
the well-built ones are easily laced down,
the entrance inside the hive can be made
secure, the frojit of case made safe, and
the bees can be carried with safety any
distance.

On our farm the bees were out in the
early part of the week in groat numbers;
they were on the Limantheg and rasps ; all

seem to be strong in flight, and no crawlers
round the hives; must assume that all is
well with them. Many of them have a rack
of only partly filled sections on them ; some
stayed on last winter; the honey they
gather is the best food for them. One of
them has left on a hex of standard bars to
see how they shape out with so much
stores. Another has a rack of shallows,
with six of them full; these did a rack of
sections before the shallows were added.

On the land it is harvesting flowers, and
sending away fruit trees in great numbers;
each day some, the most in one day three
load§, one whole truck (rail) to one man
last week. I hope others have had the
same harvest of young fruit trees as we
have had. I advised the planting of
gooseberries and currants in years gone by ;
and gave details of procedure; one cannot
always foretell " a dead cert," but this
year the demand is very heavy. It all
adds to income, it all gives greater plea-
sure tO' the worker; that is the greatest
thing in life, pleasure and happiness.
This comes of simple faith, simple living,
and love of all things in rural life.— J. J.
Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Never before, one would think, has so
much honey been stored, and so much
brood reared in October. The ivies are
alive with bees ; so, too, are the evening
primroses. Out in the meadows are
buttercups, which are determined to
cheer us before winter comes along with
his breath of ice. Charlock is blooming
afresh, or rather young plants are begin-
ning to hloom on land turned up not more
than six weeks ago. Not all the honey
being stored, however, is gathered from
plants and trees ; not a little is being
taken by craft and subtlety, by thieving
or borrowing. Let it be said in justice
that even in October bees will give up
robbing when a whole field of nectar —
charlock, mustard, or clover — is near.
How green the countryside still is I How
beautiful ! What days of joy ! The soft,
warm air, the tempered sunshine, the
scented zephyrs, and, besides all this, the
morning beauties — mist and dew pearls.
This morning, typical of many this
month, I had to go to a neighbouring vil-
lage ; a slight fog enveloped the land-
scape, and on every hedgerow spiders had
been biisy overnight in suspending be-
tween twig and twig ten thousand ham-
mocks, wherein ten thousand fairies
might sink to rest. Here and there the
geometric spiders had traced between
hedge and bank their wondrous gossamer
gates to fairy land. Methinks the fairies
go to rest in the sunshine, for when the

Oct. 21, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

507

sun arose these fairy hammocks vanished
at the magic touch. On my return
trees full of starlings were making merry
with their friends. What strangest songs
they sing ! Mimicks all, they would be
nightingales and throstles, finches and
huntings if they could. Since that is de-
nied them, they do their best, and sing
away when most birds have laid aside
their music till another year. The
wonders are not over, for chalk-hill-blues
are flitting about, and red admirals go
winging away as if the year were young.
The alder is beginning to purple-paint its
leaves, the elms and ashes are choosing
saffron, and soon, in the language of the
poet, " every common bush will be afire
.with God." How monotonous bricks and
mortar are compared with this, how
deadly dull hard pavements, housed
streets. How distracting the noise and
bustle ; how noxious the soot-filled atmo-
sphere of city and town ! Moreover,,
with all we have are the bees, humming,
working, singing, striving, interesting us
day by day, making us ever wiser as we
older grow, so small and slight — a hun-
dred would scarcely weigh down a half-
penny piece — yet they can be for ever
teaching us something new. I've met a
man who claims that his bees understand
whatever he says to them. A few years
ago I would have laughed. To-day I am
wiser ; I envy him his intuition. Last
•week a bee followed me into the house
and sat down to tea with me. I took her
up and placed her outside the window ;
she came back to me. I turned round
and placed her on my desk ; she crawled
down the desk front, across the floor, and
up my leg, and again reached my hand.
I placed her on a plate and shifted my
position ; she walked once round the
plate, then off and straight to me. Why
this persistence? I wish I could divine
what the little creature wished tO' say.

Dare I now state a paradox? i.e., that
encouraging robbing sometimes prevents
it. A hive of mine seemed particularly
attractive to the wasps. I closed the
entrance to little more than one bee
space, but, alas a dozen wasps appear-
ing on the scene at once so cowed the
defence that the robbers had a walk-over
Bees hate wasps, but it is extraordinary
how they will associate with their enemies
when there is plunder to be shared. In
.went the wasps, and in went robber bees.
An occasional wasp was evicted minus a
leg, or a wing frayed, and possibly a
wasp's head would appear minus the
body. So, too, one or two bees were
hustled, dying, down the alighting board,
but the robbing proceeded apace. " Hero
goes," said I to myself, and I drew out
the two slides and threw the whole en-
trance open. This puzzled the attackers

more than the defenders. In a very short
time sentinels were set along the whole
entrance, and when robbers arrived they
saw a solid phalanx of bees in battle
array. An attack was made, but never
did English long-bowmen repel the French
cavalry in the days of Crecy, Agincourt,
and Poitiers more easily than these sen-
tinels those wasps and bees who came to
pillage and plunder. This does not always
work, for in another hive, to the inhabi-
tants of which I gave the same oppor-
tunity, broke down on their left and
right wings, and a forcible entrance was
made. The worst of wasps is they are not
content wii-h informing their sisters in
their own colony of abounding sweets,
but in some mysterious way impart tba
news to their neighbours of another nest.
This being so, we harden our hearts, and
every queen wasp we see seeking snug
quarters for winter we kill. I regret to
say that when a small boy I often caixght
a wasp, extracted its sting, and then,
after clipping its wings, teased it, and
laughed at its fruitless endeavours to
puncture some portion of my anatomy.
Strangely enough, the cruelty of the sport
never struck me. When in time I
realised the barbarity of my youth, I felt
a desire to make it up by sparing .wasps
from well-deserved death. Now, for the
bees' sake, be their majesties the queen
wasps never so beautiful, I feel unable
to suffer them to live. — E. F. Hemming,
Steeple Gidding.

Gotswold Notes.

I, too^ — like your correspondent on page
486 of Oct. 7 — have often been struck
by the frequency with which foreign
queens are superseded, and think the fol-
lowing may be some of the causes respon-
sible for this peculiarity : —

1. The duration taken by the queen in
the mails. — A long period of confinement
resulting in some defect to the queen's
laying capacity, which the bees resent.

2. Age of queen when selected for
mailing. — A full-grown, tested queen
would not travel so well as a younger one.
As a rule, for long journeys, the younger
the queen the better.

3. Conditions of weather. — Few queens
are found thrown out if a period of good
bee weather follows introduction.

During a stormy spell this year I found
two American queens cast out of strong
nuclei Avhich had readily accepted thom,
and the queens had been laying strongly.

On investigation, I found they were
almost Avithout stores of any kind. One
way of reducing this risk is to introduce

008

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 21, 1920.

imported queens to small nuclei only, as
they are easier to please than full colonies.

As regards settling bees down for the
winter, most bee-men have their particular
notion of how this should be done.

Personally, I like some squares of sack-
ing with two sticks underneath, and a
couple of newspapers pressed tightly down
by the 10-in. lift, which is telescopic.

AH draught is excluded, and, as the
paper dome is slightly higher in the
centre, any rain which may leak through
the roof trickles away down the sides.

One notices skeps covered Avith all sorts
of articles, such as slates, old bags, sauce-
pans, and earthenware pans; but to my
mind the best and warmest covering of
all is a straw hackle.

Everyone knows how even in tempera-
ture and cosy a thatched cottage is as
compared to the modern, flimsy, slated
one.

A straw hackle does not harbour mice,
because it is much too draughty.

A. H. BowEN.

Cotswold Apiai-ics, Cheltenham.

Winter Jottings.

I liave been unable to write my winter
notes till now owing to seeing to the com-
forts of the hardy Ehode Island Red
poultry for the winter; also studying the
latest ideas of three-colour photography
for lantern slides next year.

Now for the bees. As I stated, I took
off large supers of capped honey on
Septemijer 25, which helped me to
feed three large stocks slowly. I had seen
large numbers of autumn-hatched bees fly
during this fine weather and work on the
autumn flowers, sunflower and Michael-
mas daisies. A great many wasps were
killed owing to closing up the entrance
a bit, and soon were rolling down the long
alighting boards with two or three bees
hard at it.

I have had large wired boards made this
year which are over the bees, and flock
quilts with feed hole cut ready for candy.
If a cold spell comes I close up the
entrance to 8 inches, and on goes the
" Silver " entrance.

The weather here fS. Wales) is wonder-
ful. Very mild, and even hot at times.
I am readj'^ for any turn, and hope we
shall have a good winter, not too mild,
as if the bees have plent}- of honey stored
cold weather is much the better.

Let me advise : Don't be downhearted
at finding little honey after the flow, keep
your supers on if mild, warm weather
is about. You will find they start storing
again after breeding for the winter.

None of my bees are touching a quilt,
plenty of room for bees and queen under

the wired board, about which I have
heard some amusing remarks during this
year. One said, " Oh, he must have no
bees under his quilts." But if he had
seen on March 16 combs crammed with
bees, he would have been rather surprised.
I wish luck to all bee-keepers, as we
don't know what's ahead of us, as the
weather is rather like the world, upside
down, at the moment of writing. — Cyril
Tredcboft.

Honey Bees as Pollenisers.

By Susan M. Howard, in Massachusetts

Report, State Board of Agriculture.

Treating the subject as a fruit grower
as well as ta bee-keeper enables the writer
to appreciate the inestimable value of the
honey bee as a polleniser of certain grains,
small fruits, vegetables, and tree fruits.
The discussion is attempted in plain terms
without resorting to confusing botanical
technicalities. The writer will feel amply
repaid if the article is stimulative of even
a minor inquiry into the ways of bee
nature.

To-day the honey bee is more and more
considered an invaluable ally of the
farmer. The orchardist and small fruit
grower consider their colonies as a part
of their equipment, and their use as much
a factor in the success of horticulture as
is cultivation, application of fertilisers,
the growing of cover crops, pruning,
spraying, and the like. To the farmer,
especially if he be a fruit grower, a honey
crop may be regarded as secondary, or
as a by-product, while to the bee-keeper
it is the primary product. Thus, while
the ultimate aims .of the horticulturist
and bee-keeper may be different, yet they
are interdependent.

While the orchardist may profit by the
visits of bees from near-by apiaries, or
from a wild colony in a tree, roof, or
chimney, yet the uflcertainty of their ser-
vice is so great that the forehanded fruit
grower provides a sufficient number of
colonies at hand and among his trees. In
this connection it may be said that it is
not absolutely necessary to place the colo-
nies actually in the orchard; yet they
should be not far distant. Furthermore,
the location of the bees should not prevent
satisfactory cultivation.

As a factor of the importance of bees
near by an orchard, it may be cited that
the distance at which bees gather pollen
is limited, seldom exceeding one half mile,
which emphasises the desirability of bees
at close range. On the other hand, bees
will forage for honey at a greater distance,
up to about thre^ miles from the hive.
Nevertheless, they prefer frequent 'and

Oct. 21, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

509

short trips. Thus, if a radius of three
miles be allowed — that is, a diameter of
six miles — the area of the circle would be
28 square miles, or 18,080 acres, a part of
which territory would be imperfectly
worked. It should be remembered that
bees foraging for honey frequently serve
as the bearers of pollen in cross-pollina-
tion, as well as bees foraging for pollen
alone. It is this search of the bees for
their food which j^rompts their inestimable
service to the fruit grower. The means
and mechanism of their operation, though
mechanical yet intricate, is referred to
below, Being mechanical, it might be
accomplished by man at great expense and
with exceeding labour, but this is gene-
rally recogfiised as impracticable from the
commercial standpoint. Bee labour is far
cheaper than human labour.

This expensive process of hand pollina-
tion is exceptional, and only one case is
reported. In this instance the process was
resorted to by a cucumber grower to whom
the sting of the honey bee was seriously
poisonous. The process, however, is ex-
ceedingly old, and according to Herodotus
is known to have been practised five cen-
turies before the Christian era. IMuch the
same imethod is to-day reported as that
used by this cucumber grower who has re-
sorted to hand pollination, and who em-
ploys the tip end of a quill feather, by
which he, transfers the pollen of one floAver
to the sensitive pistil of another. In con-
trast to this laborious method, the far
more common practice of the growers of
cucumbers imder glass is to utilise a
colony or more of honey bees in their
greenhouses. Thousands of colonies of
bees are thus used in the hothouses
around Boston and in Massachusetts.
Unfortunately, too, many or most of these
are sacrificed, as the growers make little
or no effort to isave the colonies which
have served them so faithfully in the
tropical climate of the greenhouse — con-
ditions averse to their well-being.

THE FUNCTION OF THE HONEY BEE IN THE
TRANSFER OF POLLEN.

It is far from the purpose of this paper
to enter the vast and intricate field of
hybridisation, involving the proldems of
plant selection, improvement, and the pro-
duction of new varieties. Neither can the
details of the life history of the honey bee
be given in detail, which is as unlimited
and wonderful a field as are the intricacies
oi the plant world, yet it is desirable to
make clear the relation and service of tlie
honey bee to the setting of our common
fruits and vegetables.

It should be remembered that in most
plants the setting of the fruit involves a
sexxxal process. In plants, in contrast to
animals, the same individual may- bear
both sexes, or the sexes may be apart in

different individual flowers. More in
detail these may be grouped under three
headings : —

1. Both Sexes in One Flower. — Some
plants produce perfect or bisexual flowers,
that is, those in which both the male and
the female organs of the flower, the stamen
(male) and the pistil (female), are
complete within the flower. As an ex-
ample. Parson's Beauty strawberry may be
cited.

2. The Sexes Separated in Individual
Flowers. — Other plants bear flowers which
are individually staminate (male) and pis-
tillate (female). Yet both sexes appear on
the same plant, as, for instance, in the
squash, melon, and cucumber.

3. The Sexes Sepai-ated in Individual
Flowers which are Borne on Different
Plants. — As a further modification of the
second class, there are also plants which
produce only staminate (male) blossoms
throughout the entire plant, and are
s]5oken of as male trees or plants. Others
produce pistillate (female) blossoms
throughout the entire plant, and are
spoken of as female trees or plants. Others
of these are found in the willows and
poplar. The Sample strawberry is pis-
tillate (female).

It at once becomes apparent in recog-
nising that most of our fruits and vege-
tables involve a sexual process, or the
union of the pollen and germ of the egg,
that there must be some means of union,
especially in the second and third classes
of flowers, where the two sexes are respec-
tively separated either in individual
flowers or in individual flowers on sepa-
rate plants. From practical experience,
moreover, it is generally conceded that the
honey bee is the most important of the
many agents in this service. Other in-
sects render their service as well, but their
!^ervice cannot be depended upon. Their
numbers are uncertain and fluctuating.
They may be absent at the very time when
tliey are most needed, as. for instance, at
the" height of apple bloom. Thus it is
claimed that the honey bee is first and
foremost the most important, and that it
should be provided and conserved by the
farmer.

Since there are differences in pollen,
however it might be contended by some
that the wind is active in transferring the
pollen from tree to tree or blossom to
blossom. To be sure, some pollen is lighter
than others and easier carried by the wind,
but in the provisions of nature pollen
which is light and transferable on the
breezes is designed so to be carried, and
trees which bear it are usually wind pol-
linated, those which are actually indepen-
dent of insects. The pines furnish an ex-
ample. Observations are not infrequent
where the air has been seen filled with

510

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Oct. 21, 1920.

millions of pollen granules drifting with
the wind. But among the fruits and
vegetables the pollen is usually more
heavy and inclined to be sticky or viscous,
as is the case with the pear. This heavy
pollen, in order to be transported, is de-
pendent upon the service of some insect,
usually the honey bee, and is capable of
being carried by the wind to a very
slight, if any, extent. In the case of
apples, too, experiments have been con-
ducted which tend to prove that little or
no pollen in the apple orchard drifts on
the wind.

The service of the honey bee, alluded to
in transferring pollen, may be regarded
as performed unconsciously or uninten-
tionally while seeking for nectar or pollen
in the flowers. In procuring the nectar,
for instance, which flowers dependent upon
the services of insects usually produce in
abundance, there is a secretion in the
nectary or honey-cup at the base of the
flower. The bee, for illustration, dusts
off particles of pollen, which become en-
tangled in her hair. Then the bee. in
quest of more nectar, flies to another
blossom, and in the course of her search
for nectar therein leaves some of the pollen
on the female organ of the blossom
(pistil). Thus, almost mechanically pnd
accidentally, the function of the bee has
been performed in this vital operation.
Finally, the pollei lodged on the sensitive
pistil germinates much as does seed, and
sends forth or projects a slender growth
or thread, which' gradually finds its way
down through the pistil and reaches the
true female element or ovule which is vir-
tually the embryonic seed. Here, there is
a fusion of the male and female elements,
which, when it occurs, perfects the process
known as fertilisation, wherefrom results
a perfect seed.

Many plants are sterile to their own
pollen, and require pollen from another
source. Furthermore, self-fertilisation is
thought to tend to weaken the offspring,
nnd in contrast crossing or cross-fertilisa-
tion is thought to result in greater
strength and productivity. Moreover,
flowers are generally constructed to favour
cross fertilisation and to prevent perpetual
self-pollination.

From the standpoint of the plant, the
results of crossing become apparent, ospe-
ciallv in the second generation. Thus the
"Baldwin apple blossom may be fertilised
bv Dollen from a Porter apple. Tbo re-
sulting apple will develop as a Baldwin,
yet one or more of its seed, when olanted,
may produce a varietv differing in manv
respects from its parent. Thus the bees
mav serve t/O make new crosses and to
increase varieties. There is also another
feature, namely, the apple reauires five
independent fertilisations for complete re-

sults. The lack of even one of these may
impair its vigour and change its appear-
ance, resulting in an imperfect develop-
ment or malformed fruit. Incomplete
fertilisation also explains the dropping of
apples, and suggests that the more com-
plete service of bees might avoid this con-
sequent loss.

Some light may be thrown on the de-
pendence of flowers on bees by a few con-
crete examples. An experiment was con-
ducted in which 100 clover blossoms were
covered with netting in order to exclude
bees, with the result that not a single seed
was produced. Similarly, 100 blossoms ex-
posed to the visits of bees produced, in
contrast, 2,720 seeds, showing conclusively
the need of bees in seed setting in clover.

With the apple, 2,586 blossoms were
covered and the entrance of bees pre-
vented, with the result that only three
apples matured.

It is not uncommon to observe from four
to six bees eagerly at work gathering
honey and pollen in a single squash blos-
som. The writer has noted eight bees
simultaneously in a squash blossom;
within an hour twenty-eight bees- were
counted flying from the same blossom.

The number of flowers a bee will visit
may vary according to the amount of
nectar being produced. A bee can visit
ten tO' fifteen flowers a minute, yet she
will remain longer on a flower if the
nectar is flowing freely. In that case she
would secure her load without visiting as
many flowers.

In attracting bees to a flower, there are
several stimulative factors, namely, th^
nectar and pollen, colour and odour. The
multiplicity of trees in full bloom increases
the attraction. Nevertheless, high colour
or extreme fragrance do not always induce
the bees to visit, for the lilac and helio-
trope are neglected, while some of the less
conspicuous flowers prove enticing.

Besides the nectar in the flower, bees
are in search of pollen as a food. This is
a highly nutritious STibstance, supplying
nitrogen and phosphorus — two needed
elements in animal economy. To be sure,
this pollen is provided vastly to the ex-
cess of the actual needs of bees, but its
seeming over-production may be explained
on the ground of an effort on the part of
the plant to ensure poljination.

It bias been claimed that the honey bee
sucks iuices from fruits. Although bees
are observed commonlv on fruits, yet it is
certain that the bee does not puncture a
sound fruit, as has been supposed. When
fruits are. worked by bees, an openinp- has
previously been made bv some bird or
wasp or by decay. Thus the bees take up
the work begun by another or afforded them
through some other agency. Manv orchard-
ists have mentioned this to the writer.

,Oct. 21, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

511

who at the same time give due credit to
the bee foi* the good she accomplished. It
has also been the writer's privilege to
dispel this idea through experimentation,
and by reference to high authorities, who
refute the charge against the bee. It
should be borne in mind that thejaws of
the bee are smooth and rounding, and
quite unfit to make an opening in a sound
fruit. On the other hand, the jaws of the
wasp are perfectly equipped for punc-
turing and opening fruit. In order to
substantiate that bees are unable tO' punc-
ture sound fruit, the writer has suspended
a sound but over-ripe peach and pear in
front of the entrance to a colony. These
nevertheless remained untouched, even
during a scarcity of oectar in the fields.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Onions and "I.O.W." Disease.

[10318] With reference to my previous
letter I have not much tO' report. I ex-
amined the stock in question on September
10, when they were covering four combs
with brood in four, when I ceased feeding.
September 21, covering five combs, brood
in three. October 14, covering six combs,
with small patch of brood in two. I have
not seen a crawler since my last report;
they appear to be perfectly healthy, and
no dislocated wings. I am very pleased
to read of Mr. Harrison's success with the
onion treatment, and, although he used
shallots instead, it seems to me that we
are on the right track.

I am not educated up to the point of
namin? the component parts of an onion.
What I look for is results. It is suffi-
cient for me to call an onion an onion,
and, whatever name we give it, Ave cannot
rob it of its valuable curative properties,
although often despised for its odour. I
don't think its virtues are dissipated by
boiling, the difference in the flavour be-
tween a raw onion and a boiled one being
that the components are held in solution,
and when preparing a dish of boiled onions
for our own consumption we should always
take the liquor as well, to reap the full
benefit.

I think it is quite possible that the
medicinal properties are present to some
extent in the nectar as well as the plant.
I quite agree with Mr. Dick, inasmuch
that I might have obtained the same result
by using the juice of either of the fruits
named. As a matter of fact, when I was
casting about in my mind for a likely
remedy, I thought of syrup of figs, but
decided to try an onion first.

As regards the vitamines theory, does
it occur to Mr. Dick that if the stomach
and bowels are congested with an accu-
mulation of indigestible pollen, the bee
would suffer from malnutrition, and
paralysis would ensue the same as if
pollen was withheld altogether.

I very much appreciate the " Jottings "
of the Eev. E. F. Hemming, but I don't
quite- agree with his postscript of Sep-
tember 30. He says the onion has been
long known as a remedy for bee diseases.
I should like to know by whom, and, if so,
why is it not common knowledge?

I have kept bees since May, 1908, have
read every copy of The British Bee
JcuRNAL since that date, also several of
the text-books, but don't remember see-
ing it mentioned as a remedy. I remem-
ber the " Jotting " alluding to onions, but
would our reverend friend have us believe
that when he sees a bee alight on an onion
blossom that he knows it has gone there
for a tonic? Similarly, I suppose he
knows it would go to the horehound when
suffering from a cough, and so on through-
out the whole vegetable kingdom for all
its ailments.

To follow that argument, they would
never need the aid of man to nurse them
back to health, and " Isle of Wight "
disease would be unknown.

I am not disputing the idea that bees
may have a wider knowledge of medical
botany than us poor humans, but I am
under the impression that bees get to work
on that particular flower that is bearing
nectar or pollen most abundantly at the
time, according to their requirements. I
decline to class the onion as a tonic, or
garlic as an antiseptic, but that both
would act primarily as a laxative. From
all the evidence that has been publishe<l
on the subject, it seems that " Isle of
Wight " disease is neither infectious nor
contagious, for swarms have been hived on"
combs which have been occupied by
diseased bees and remained healthy;
stocks have been fed on honey from
rliseased stocks, and stocks have remained
healthy when kept in close proximity to
otliors which have died out with the com-
plaint.

In my humble opinion it is due to indi-
gestible pollen that is either naturally
present in some particular flower, or is

512

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Oct. 21, 1920.

rendered so by certain climatic conditions.
The microscope might reveal this if some
of the pollen grains- were taken from the
intestines of a diseased bee, providing the
characteristics have not been destroyed by
partial digestion.

If indigestible pollen is the cause, Ave
can hardly prevent it ; but the best we can
do is to fi7id an antidote to administer to
the bee, and a disinfectant to render the
hive sanitary. I cannot think an anti-
septic would serve both purposes any more
than washing in Izal or Flavine would cure
constipation in human beings. — T. H.

WiTNBY.

A Robbing Baffle.

[10319] One of my hives being attacked
by a few robbers, I made an effective
" baffle " from the outside of a matchbox
by cutting away the centre part of one
side and placing it in front of the
entrance, between the two slides. I
thought the idea might be useful to
others. Possibly a larger army of robbers
might need liatf the matchbox cover cut
away — lengthways — so as to bring it closer
to entrance.

I am feedine; my bees on cheap Aus-
tralian honey, but now I see in your issue
for September 30 you warn readers against
inferior honey. How is a novice to tell
if it is " inferior " ? And can you tell
me if it will keep — if opened — until the
spring? I have Wo tins, one M-zi-opened.
Or will it be likely to ferment? I could
not help wishing yovir warning had
appeared a bit enrHer, as feeding is nearly
over now !

I heqan feeding them on brown free
sugar until I saAv you told a correspondent
that it was unsuitable. I notice you say
feeding may be continued during the first
week in October " under the most favour-
able weather conditions." Does this mean
rrarm weather, or dry weather? My hives
are veri/ short, and I wish to do it as long
as possible. Can I make candy from Aus-
tralian honey?

I w^as much interested in Dr. Strong's
experiences regarding the so-called new
disease, namely that the hives not .sprayed
recovered quicker than the sprayed
hives. Tjast l^fay one of my hives started
" crawling " badly. Some of them had
the " down." on them of Mav sickness,
and some of the brood m'jis chilled. They
were sprayed with " Yadil " solution and
then fed with honey. It was nearly two
weeks before the crawlers disap^peared, so
when another started in Jxine I did no
spraying, but fed them at once, putting
a chopped onion in the syrup, as I had no
" Yadil," and they were Q+iite all right
the next dav. T lost a whole hive that
was " Yadil" sprayed in October last

year — much, too late, I suppose? I cannot
help thinking that a water spray at any
time viust chill them, and that a syrup
spray is betten. Mr. Kettle's interesting
experiences last spring seem to point to
his generous syrup spraying being really
the cure, and preventive, and not the
Flavine, as your correspondent, Mr.
Witney (September 23, page 459) found
spraying with Flavine solution and feed-
ing with Flavined syrup both useless, and
now places his faith on onion syrup. —
(Miss) A. Parker, Leigh, N. Finchley.

[When we made the note re inferior
foreign honey we had not Australian
honey in mind. Some of that is very
dark, and the flavour too strong for fable
use, but qui be suitable for bee food. What
we were thinking about was some of the
cheap foreign stuff, containing a fair ad-
mixture of whole or dismembered bees and
other insects, and various other undesir-
able ingredients. We cannot say if it Avill
keep. If it was properly ripened and is
kept covered up it will not ferment.

Re feeding in early October, it s better
if the weather is both warm and dry, but-
we do not generally get the combination
in this month. It is warmth that is most
necessar}'; the bees then are active,
and though they may not be able to leave
the hive in wet weather, they are active
enough to ke^p up the heat and ventila-
tion of the hive, and thus " ripen " and
seal the stores. We do not know of a
satisfactory method of making candy from
honey alone. Soft candy may be made by
kneading honey into castor sugar, but
only a very little honey would be" needed.
The proportion of honey might be in-
creased by heatng it until it became
thicker, being careful not to burn
it.— Eds.]

Queenless Bees Storing Honey.

[10320] During my 50 years' ex-
perience of bee-keeping, some things I
have seen would quite upset the theory of
men, more expert men than T am, and yet
most likely both of us would be correct.
It is many years since I discovered
that drones had the entre into any hive.
I keep rather a large number of hives, and
have repeatedly seen the drones go from
one hive to another, and yet when I men-
tioned the matter I was considered ? ? ?
On one occasion I was told of a swarm in
my old pit field. When I got there the
boys had lighted a fire under the bush
and the swarm was in two parts. I took
the largest. Later in the day, from the
action of the bees, I judged the queen
was missing. I then took the smaller por-
tion, which was not easy, it being in the
middle of a thick thorn l)ush, and put the
two together. By this time it was getting

Oct. 21, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

513

dark, and while I was looking at the hive
Her Majesty walked from the back to the
front ; putting my finger doAvn she walked
on it. I at once introduced her to the
entrance, but she took wing. It was too
dark to follow the flight. Early next
morning I searched for her, and found her
inside th© roof of an open apiary (bee
house) with a small number of bees.
Getting a glass-lidded box, she was
secured and replaced in the hive. A few
hours after she was discovered in the
orchard, and again replaced. There is no
doubt she was the right queen, because
in each case the bees were running about
wildly, and were ^pacified at once on her
re-introduction. This swarm was probably
the largest I ever had.

On the following day there M'ere indica-
tions that the queen was again missing,
but as they were in a straw skep I could
not examine them. In a few days they
were settled and working. At the end of
July I foimd them very heavy, a few days
later indications of attempted robbing.
I immediately broke the hive up, and
found hardly any bees, but the hive was
full, and finished with virgin comb and
honey. No brood had ever heen> in any
cell and. only about a dozen irith pollen.

I think for a qiieenless colony to pro-
duce a full hive of honey is an experience
quite alone.

Your readers need not doubt Mr.
Kettle's word. I have visited his farm
and can confirm what he savs. His dis-
trict is better than mine, although mine
is good. My first swarm this year, which,
unfortunately, I lost, came out April 14.
The cast from it May 9, which has done
Avell, although it was small. Have lost
several storl\'t after swarming through the
queen being either lost or unfertilised.
My supers, etc., are full, but nearly all
with Ling honey. The spring honey was
used up by the bees for food during the
wet weather. — A. Lkwis.

[We do not recollect ever before hear-
ing of a swarm of bees settline; down,
building comb, and storing it with honey
after losing its queen, and the ex-
perience of Mr. Lewis, who was well-
known to the bee-keepers of 30 years ago,
must be unique. If anvone has had nny-
thincr similar we shall be pleased to hoar
it,— Eds.]

A Good Report.

ri0321] I have seen frequent reports
in The Bee -Tofknal as to this being a bad
season for honey. It might be of interest
to your readers to hear that in this dis-
trict this has been the best season for
honey I have known. Probably this is
accounted for by the fact that we have
had a considerable quantity of white

clover, which continued to flower for a
long time. I have now four stocks of bees,
new swarms this year, the first of which
swarmed on ]\Iay 16, and I hived them on
bare foundation in hives which have had
bees that have died of " Isle of Wight "
disea,se. These, I must say, I cleaned
thoroughly. The brood frames I boiled
and used again; the super frames, with
drawn-out comb, I put in as they were.
All four stocks have worked well, and ap-
psar to be in good condition for the
winter. Until now I have had great diffi-
culty in wintering stocks, almost always
losing them from the " Isle of Wight "
disease. I have one stock that has a few
pounds of unsealed honey in the super
still. Would you kindly tell me if it would
he advisable to remove this honey, or will
they be able to winter in the super? Also,
I have one hive the drones of which are
still alive and were flying as recently as
Sunday, Sept. 26. 'Thinking it "was
queenless, I investigated it on Saturday,
Oct. 2. I found the queen on the centre
comb with sealed brood, but as far as I
could see there were no' eggs. Could vou
account for this? — C. Noble.

[If the super is still full of bees, yon
might leave it on; but if almost deserted,
remove it and extract the honey. It can
be used up at once for domestic purposes,
ov fed back to the bees. It is impossible
to account for all the vagaries of bees.
Though drones are as a rule killed off in
the late summer or early autumn, some-
times a queen-right colony will ailow
them tO' live almost into the winter. —
Eds.]

Bee Notes from Devonshire.

[10.32-2] "Nothing beats the art of
m.an, barring the bees," but the past
summer has beaten both men and bees by
its vagaries. Spring found hives, which
had been closed down Avith ample stores
for the winter, .strong and flourishing. In
many cases colonies had more honey
stored in the supers at the end of May
than they had two months later; nuclei
almost invariably have had to be fed to
keep them from starvation, while not a
few strong stocks have " gone west " in
the absence, or through the neglect of
their owners. A prominent bee-keeper,
who secured nearly a quarter of a ton of
honey from six hives last year, has not
obtained one-sixth of that total fronr
eight hives this season, and has been
obliged to convert more than that weight
of sugar into syrup for bee food. These
results are all the more deplorable in
view of the great revival in bee-keeping
caused by the Kc-stocking Scheme
inaugurated by the Agricultural Depart-
ment last year. Many novices, and some

514

THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Oct. 21, 1920.

of the old hands at bee-keeping, will
probably abandon the pursuit in disgust
or despair. A bad season like the past
one, however, has some compensations ; it
will weed out those undesirable people
who only possess bees, or keep them merely
for what can be obtained from them — or,
in other words, for filthy lucre, and not
for the love of the craft. It has also
afforded opportunities for trying new and
old methods of swarm prevention and
control, of queen introduction and of the
uniting of stocks and nuclei for which in
a more normal season there would be
neither leisure nor necessity. And, last
of all, it has given to the writer, at least,
the unique experience of a stock swarm-
ing twice during a day's demonstration
at a local agricultural show. Unfortu-
nately, owing to the too common practice
adopted by a few selfish bee-men of set-
ting out infected hives and combs to catch
stray swarms, a recurrence of " Isle of
Wight " disease in the county must be
chronicled, as a climax to a season in
which the honey harvest, speaking
generally, has been almost nil. — " OuTis."

Italians and

*I.O.W." or Crawling
Disease.

[10323] I have always understood that
pure Italians are great disease resist-
ing bees. I have purchased two very
strong stocks from a very reliable person :
the bees seemed quite healthy when I
bought them, but I only had them a week
or ten davs when I noticed two or
three crawlers. I sprayed them with
" Bacterol," also gave them syrup, medi-
cated with " Bacterol "; but they got from
bad to worse. Now thev are one mass of
crawlers. I cannot understand this state
of affairs, as they were placed in new
hives from the start, and there has been
no trace of disease in this strains. I have
five other stocks alongside of the diseased
ones, and thev are still healthv; they have
resisted the disease for more than a month
now, and can find no other trace of disease
in this neighbourhood. Perhaps some
kind reader of this most valuable paper
might be able to throw some light on this
.subject. I have been a bee-keeper for
several years: also a regular subscriber to
this journal for ten or twelve years, and
have found some very valuable informa-
tion from the past issues. — D. G. S.
HooKF.n, Aldington, Hythe, Kent.

[Ttnlian be^s as a rule do resist " Lsle
of Wight " disease better than natives,
but neither they nor any other race are
immune. As the other colonies are appa-
rently healthv, it Avill be advisable to
destroy the diseased one, rather than risk
infertinm the lot while tryine; to cure
it.— Eds.]

Queens for Disposal.

[10324] Will you kindly allow me
through you, or any responsible reader of
your valuable journal, to offer to any ex-
Service man, or men, or two deserving
bee-keepers, two 1919 Italian queen bees.
They are very prolific and produce fine
workers. It will be a pleasure to pass
them on, post free, on reliable ■ recom-
mendation.— H. Ceo WE,. The Manse,
Merriott, Crewkerne.

Weather Report.

Wbstbournb, September, 1920.

Rainfall, 2 34 in.

Heaviest fall, '75 in.
on 15th.

Rain fell on 11 daya.

Above average, 'ISin.

Maximum tempera-
ture, 71 on 3rd.

Minimum tempera-
ture, 40 on 13th.

Minimum on grass 35
on 13th.

Frosty nights, 0.
Mean maximum, 63*7.
Mean minimum, 48 '9.
Mean temperature, 56 3
Above aTorage, 0"2
Maximum barometer,

30-329 on 11th.
Minimum barometer.

29-477 on 18th.

L. B. BiRKKTT.

Combs from Other Hives.

THE SOUL OF THE HIVE.

There are many curious facts about the
bee world known to those who are in con-
stant contact with it, and of these not
all, only the thoughful, are sympathetic.
One of the startling facts of bee life is
that it possesses a community soul, an
intelligence which does not belong to the
bee as an individual, but is the gathered-
up life of the whole. The bee as an indi-
vidual has little will power, or only in a
very restricted sense; it makes no deci-
sion, it initiates nothing, it is merely a
fraction, a part of the whole, and life
itself passes from it if, by accident, it
is long kept from the hive. It is only the
ready slave, mechanical almost in its sub-
missiveness to a general conisciousnesa
which resides in the whole, the corporate
soul; and, in a way we cannot even guess
out, deliberates, makes decrees, adapts,
re-fashions, and in all the grave episodes
of the hive acts with decision. The deci-
sions are not always infallible and fault-
less; mistakes are made sometimes which
bring loss and even death to the whole ; but
whatever it is, without question, with a
common impulse, every bee of the com-
munity acts upon it. So the .movements
of the queen are regulated, the swarms
take place, and the divisions of labour
come about by what seem® to our alien
intelligence a presiding personality made
up of a united consciousness, the spirit
of the hive. These are facts of nature wo

Oct. 21. 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

515

can notice and be aware of only as the
mathematician is of a fouth dimension ;
we touch the dark edge of a world we
shall never enter.

ALBINO DRONES.

Abnormalities occur in all forms^ of
nature, and bees are no exception. I saw
some drones this sximmer with white eyes,
like pearls set in their head, and it gave
them a most weird and uncanny appear-
ance. The owner thought it some new
species of insect come to life in his hive;
it took him some time to be assured
it was only one of the freaks which come
and go in the animal world. Apparently
the drones could see with their white eyes,
but probably, like most abnormal crea-
tures, they felt uncomfortable, as happy
as a fox without its tail, or the caged bird
with its wings clipped. Some of the
drones were sent to the small museum of
the British Bee-keepers' Association in
Bedford Street, where such funnyosities
are welcomed.

SOCIAL EEBELS.

The domestic bee has not lost entirely the
vagrant habits of his distant and primi-
tive ancestors. All who have kept bees
have noticed how readily sometimes they
will forsake a new hive, with frames of
foundation standing ready, all looking so
cosy and homelike, and betake themselves
to an old tree trunk, the inside of a roof
or a church tower, where, amidst cobwebs
and dust, they build their combs and seem
to be happy. They feel, especially at
swarming time, the call of the open, and,
like gipsies or like children, prefer the
free life of the world outside to the more
artificial one of the hive, be it ever so
much more comfortable. I heard of a
swarm at Jevington this summer which,
though duly housed in a proper hive and
with everything provided a bee could wish
for, refused to stay there; they took flight
again and settled deep in the hollow of a
dead tree trunk on the edge of the church-
yard. The lady owner of the swarm sent
for the wise bee-man of the village, and
he, with smoker, tried to compel them to
Jeave their chosen home. But they were
obstinate bees, and refused to budge. At
last the smoking became so vigorous, for
the bee-man was equally obstinate, that
the tree trunk, which was dead wood, took
fire, and flame and smoke arose. Only
after this, and when buckets of water had
been poured down, did the bees capitu-
late; it was the combined onslaught of
three plagues — smoke, fire and water. So
they were carried off in triumph and re-
placed in their despised home, and there,
after their wanderings and the unhappy
experience of the tree-trunk, they sub-
missively settled. — Rev. A. A. Evans (from
the Sussex County Herald).

Up-to-Date Bee Hivts.

Swarm Settles on Handley-Pagk
Aeroplane.

Bees have always been renowned for
their industry, but up to yesterday their
enterprise might be doubted. Now there
can be no question of it. A swarm made
its appearance at the entrance of one of
the Handley-Page hangars, Wynberg, and
flying round for a few minutes spied an
open strut fitted in the top main plane.
They thereupon entered the plane itself,
settling between the two layers of fabric,
apparently having decided that they
would have a free flight in South Africa's
largest areoplane rather than tire them-
selves on their own wings.

The foreman fitter, Mr. Askew, was of
a different opinion though, and securing
a piece of smouldering canvas placed it
below another opening in the plane. A
tremendous buzzing ensued, and the bees
cheated out of their free flight and new
home poured out of the wing in frenzied
haste and settled on a neighbouring pine.

They were captured by the mechanics,
and are now safely housed in a hive which
was speedily constructed. Those supersti-
tiously inclined will say that this unique
occurrence augurs well for the success of
commercial aviation in South Africa. —
From the Cape Argus.

More Good Hints.

If you want to keep your smoker going
good, point the nose of it to the wind
each time you set it down, and you will
always have a good smoke when it is
needed.

If you don't want the foundation to
sag, then run it in the frames out in the
sun — if it isn't too hot — and then all the
sag will be out of the wax before you
imbed the wires.

If one wants to make a success of the
bees, then keep them healthy ; that's half
the battle, and it isn't hard if you don't
mis up the honey and combs; also clean
them up when they should be and don't
put it off.

You will find it will pay to use the
Jumbo size smokers ; they fill easier and
hold fire much longer.

The hardest job some bee-keepers havo
or at least the job they make the hardest
work of, is lighting the smoker. This is
the first thing to instruct the beginner in.
Take a small bit of light cotton rag (if
it is greasy so much the better) or a bit
of oily waste; got it burning thoroughly,
all afire, then drop it in the smoker (be
sure the grate of the smoker is clean, so
there will bo good draft). Then drop in
another small rag. ; when this is also wc'l

516

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 21, 1920.

afire, put in all the burlap you need, but
don't crowd it down, for this will obstruct
the draft. In using a smoker all day,
empty out the ashes often enough to keep
a good draft. — A. E. Lusher, Pasadena,
Cal. From the Western Honey Bee.

|3^^^^?di4te»ys^^

W. Evans (Buck©). — Using granulated honey as
candy. — ^^The honey would nead to be very hard
to be used in this way; it would then answer,
but if soft or at all inclined to run it would not
be wise to put it over the bees. It could be
stiffened by the addition of castor sugar.

Late mating.— A queen might mate now if there
are drones and there was a day warm enough.

Bee Shows to Come.

Novemtoer 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Ftuit, Boot and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Classes in. Honey
Section.— ScJiedulee from Geo. Richinga, 42, Bar-
boame Boad, Worcester. Entries close XToveixf
ber 6.

Twickenham and Thaifies Valley
Bee-Keepers' Association.

Winter and Spring Programme.

XAKTIUCN I.E1CTURES OK BUE-KEEPING

will be delivered by

W. HERROD HEMFSALL, F.E.S.

(Expert and Lecturer to the British Bee-keepers'

Associa'tion), on

Monday, October 25, W20, at 7.30 p.m.,
At St. STEPHEN'S PARISH ROOM, HOUNSLOW
(Near L. & S.W. Railway Station and Trams),
"The Hive as a Home."

Monday, November 15, 1920, at 7.30 p.m.,
At St. STEPHEN'S PARISH ROOM, HOUNSLOW
(Near L. & S.W. Railway Station and Trams),
"The Hive as a ractory."

Wbdnesday, December 15, 1920, at 7.30 p.m..
At ST. PETER'S HALL, STAINES,
(Near L. & S.W. Railway Station),
" Bee-keeping for Profit."

.Monday, January 17, 1921, at 7.30 p.m..

At WESLEYAN CHURCH SCHOOL HALL,

TEDDINGTON

(Near L. & S.W. Railway Station and Trams),

" Elementary Bee-keeping."

Tuesday, iMarcii 15, 1921, at 7.30 p.m..

At the LIBRARY LECTURE HALL,

TWICKENHAM

(Near L. & S.W. Railway Station and Trams),

" The Opening Season."

Tuesday, April 12, 1921, at 7.30 p.m.,

At the LIBRARY LECTURE HALL,

TWICKENHAM

(Near L. & S.W. Railway Station and Trams),

" Queen Bearing."

Entrance Free.

All persons interested in Bees and Bee-keeping
are invited to attend.

Hon. Sec. : Miss M. Bvatt, Hawthorne, Hanworiii,
Middlesex.

Special Prepaid AdvertisemeBts.

One Penny per Word.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVEBTISEMEirrS.

BEES, HIVES, ETC., for Sale. Send stamp for
list.-JAMES GLADDING. London Road,
Copdock, Ipswich. - r.j.l4

BEAUTIFUL new Somerset Clover Honey
(guaranteed) for Sale in 28-lb. tins, £3 per
tin, carriage paid, and tins free.— WYATT, Keats
Cottage, Buckland, Chard, j.25

HAVING to unite stocke, have four 1919 pure
Italian Queens for disposal, 7s. each, if four
taken; two Hybrids, 4s. each.— OROWE, Merrrott,
Crewkerne, j.26

SALE, Raspberry Canes, Superlatives, 10s. per
100, carriage paid; 50, 69. 3d.— HUNT, Bank
Street, Somercotes, Alfreton. j.27

PARE QUEEN, 7s. 6d., Taylor's Hybrid, 1920.—
GILL, 44, West Street, Boston. j.28

S

COWAN'S HONEY BEE."— Three copies
wanted by students for forthcoming
examinations, on loan or purchase.— JUDOE, Shep-
herd's Lane, Dartford. j.29

W

ANTED, long, also small. Honey Jars for
show purposes.- W. ION, Healing, Lines.

j.30

PURE LIGHT CAMBRIDGE HONEY (guaran-
teed), 14-lb. tine, 30s.; 28-lb. tine, 576. 6d., car-
riage paid,— YOUNG, 42, James Street, Cambridge.

r.j.17
I '. ^ — ■ —

BEESWAX, pure, for Sale, 5 cwt., packed in
J-cwt. bags, £8 16s. per cwt. net. f.o.r.
London.— Apply, Box 104, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand. W.C.2. r.j.20

BROTHER BEE-KEEPERS with spare time
wishing to commence in the Retail Fish
Business write J. W. ELVIDGE. Wholesale Fish
Merchant, Grimsby. r.h.239

HAVE YOF READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself la
a useful literaJTT work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy f ree.-Offices : THE APIi OLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

BUSINESS ADVEBTISEMENTS.
lid. per word.

ITALIAN QUEENS.— Signer Penna is sending ns
a few selected Fertile Queens, which we can
offer at the unusually low rate of 7e. 6d. each.
Orders in rotation. Supply very limited.—
PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. h.221

MASHEATH MEMS.— With Masheath Hives yOu
will introduce pleasure, profit, and pride in
your bee-keeping.— ATKINSON, Fakenham. j.31

NO SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— Flavine
Candy, made in Cambridge and the wrappers
bear our name and the address of maker; a sample
cake sent post paid for le. 6d.— S. H. SMITH. ,30,
Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. r.j.32

Oct. 21, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

CEAWLING DISEASE.— Reliable treatment for
curing and prevention; recipe 2s. 6d.— A. W.
SALMON, Cashfield, Chingford. r.h.l62

AUSTRALIAN HONEY FOR FEEDING
BEES.— <5ase8 containing two tins, about
60 lbs. each, llOs. per case; 1 tin 56s., carriage paid
100 miles. Remittances with orders.— SOUTH-
WOOD, 95, Aoton Vale, London. r.h.190

WIGHT" DISEASE.— Prevention and removal.
Advice 5s.— ALF. RYALL, Cottage Farm,
near Camp, Siroud. j.S

NO SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— Flavine or
Plain Candy, same price, 6 lbs., lOs., postage
Is. 3d. extra; larger quantities by passenger or
goods train. Made in Cambridge, and the
wrappers on the Flavine Candy bear our name and
the maker's address.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. h.218

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE, Marl-
borough. rh.l31

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W. HEBltOD-EBXCFBAZJ;, 33, Badtord
Street, Strand, lK>ndoiu W.C.S.

Finest Grade New Zealand Honey

(Amber)

For Bee Feeding. Guaranteed Pure.

Cases, each 2-60 lb. nominal Tina. 95/- per cwt.

Carriage paid.

Cash with order or on receipt of goods.

N.B. We are already supplying Beekeepers'

Associations throughout the Country and shall

be pleased to quote references.

The Bristol and Dominions Producers'
Association, Ltd., Bristol.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

INSURS YOUR STOCKS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "Yadil" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

8/

Of the Author, S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD. SUSSEX.

- SIMMIRS "A MODERN BEE FARM"

POST FREE Nearly 500 pages. A few more copies at 8/-. Any further edition must cost 50% more

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

,/ very much regret that there has been a Urge increase in the cost of the manvjacivre oj bee
appliances, and therefore my prices will b« advanced 10% fr<m May 10th, Books txeepted.

a

RACTEROI "

The cure for, and preventive ofi

*■ Isle of Wight Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

BACIEROL LIMITED

19/25. Brookside Rd.. Highgate, N.19.

June I3^/^ 1920.

POSITIVE FACTS.

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other make 1 have, and have
ven eone the leiiEth of inissirg two sheets of other new foundaticn, and work.ng out a sheet of yours placed
ehind them at the back of the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the '«='^;,^;^3'f\ifi,jJ,°/"^'^|; mANLEY.

Illustrated Lists free by vast.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLEY, Kent

IV

THE BKITISH BEE JOtJENAL.

Oct. 21, 1920.

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at

Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods.

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives.

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate

despatch.

CANDY, Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Price 1/6 per i-lb.,

carriage extra.

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION.

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used.

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an

Apiary," post free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee App li ance Makers,
WORMIT, FIFE.

Telegrams : — " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormit.

:TI

tee's Bee Supplies. |

^H In design, material and workman- J^
■" ship, Lee's Bee Supplies still retain YY
the reputation of being your best and W
safest investment. O

^ ^ M g

C[ Our 1930 ILLUSTRATED CATA- Q
^ LOGUE is yours for the asking. It O
contains detailed information on the M
most up-to-date hives and appliances XX
for which the House of Lee is famous. "^
a 0 a ^

f[ We regret the necessity of having
" to advise our Customers that owing
to the increased cost of production, all
prices in 1920 price list are subject to
10% increase. The increase will not
apply to orders received before May 10.

•»• Five per cent discount to Members of
THE APIS CLUB.

JAMES LEE & SON,

LTD.,

Uxbridge, Middlesex.

(Telegrams: Graphiciy. Uxbridge. Telephone: Uxbridge 181.) W

Printed by the AvENtig Press (L. Upoott Gill & Son, Ltd.), 56-57, Drurv Lane, London, W.O., and

PDBLISnKD POR THE PROPRIETOR (W. HbrROD-HeMPSALL), BY SiMPKIN, MABBHALL. HAMILTON.

Kent &, Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, Patkenobtbe Row. E.G.

-al

British Beb Jottenal and Bee-keepers' Advisee, October 28, 1920.

NOV 2 2 1920

'W' tdited by
'^ TWCow6.n.ELS.
„Rnd' J.Herrod —
I HempsallJES.

2S

^

& JBce-JT^cepcrs
Adviser.

oiWeckV Journal Devoted
the Interests oj

Bce-Kcepers.

No. 2001. Vol. XLVIII

OCTOBER 28, 1920.

[Published every Thursday, Price 2d.

CO ]»f rr E3 KT rr s.

PAGE

Death op Dr. C. C. Miller 517

The Daikv Show < 517

A Dorset Yarn 51"

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 518

Jottings 519

The Apiary op King Manuel op Portugal — 520

CoTswoLD Notes 522

Notes on Bee-keeping S22

Sermons in Stones 523

A Bee-keeper's Alphabet 524

PAGK

British Bee-keepers' Association Conver-
sazione 524

Glasgow and District B.K.A 525

Salisbury and District B.K.A 526

Correspondence—

Queen and Drones 526

Queenless Bees Storing Honey 526

Poppy and other Bees 527

Queries and Replies—

Amoant oL Candy for a Foodless Colony . . 527

Bee Shows TO Comb ,.-• 527

Do not LOSE YOUR BEES for the

sake of giving them a cake of our

PINK

SOFT
OANDY

Made from guaranteed Pure Cane
Sugar, medicated or plain.

NO VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

Price 1/6 per lb. Carriage or postage
extra.

E. H. TAYLOR, LTD., WELWYIM, HERTS.

11

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 28, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Office: 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

A. Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAK, F.I..S., &c.,
and J. herrod-hx:ivi:ps'AI.i., F.E.S.

Correspondence : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Subscriptions. — Annual Sub-scription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance ; single copies
2d., or 2-^-d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money.— Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

You are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing witb strangers.

Boles aDd Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatcheid until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing-
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold th« money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If n sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2J
prr cent in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
•ire secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on Gencml
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
lo W. Hprrod-TTempfiall, and crossed "London
Toiiri'v arid W<>ai tningt^r P^nV " Thn rnrob.fr" of
the Postal Orden «honId l>e kepi hj tlie Moder.

We cannot be respdhslble for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.- All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be seat direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hoiu
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Sees and Queens.- These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Caah in fall must b« sent with order.

Po«tage

A IKEodem Be« Farm 7/6 ... 8id.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)

Advanced Beo Cultnro
(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 6id.

Beginner's Bee Boole (Pcixirr) 6/- ... 4d.

BEE-KEEPING SXIIIPI.IFIED
FOR THE COTTAGES AKD
SMAXIiKOIiDEB (W. HcaKOD-
Hkupsau,, F.E.S.) 1/- ... 2d.

BRITISH BEE - KEEPEBS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowin)

Paper covers 2/6 ... 3d.

Cloth covers 3/6 ... 4d.

Dissectible Blodel o< Queen
Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FEBTXI.ISATION OF FBtTIT
BI.OSSOaiS BY BEES (T. W.
CowiN) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hon) ... -/6 ... Id.

Honey Vinegar (Bkv. O. Bancks) -/2 ... Id.

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
COMSTOCK) 5/- ... 4id.

Prevention of Swarming
(Wilkes) 1/- ... Id

Pollination ol Fruit In rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. E. Hooper, P.R.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.

PRODUCING, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
HGBaOD-HEMPSALL. F.E.8.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L Sladbn) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing
(DOOLITTK) 4/- ... 3Jd.

Snelgrove's Bffethod of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.

Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... lid.

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.

liure of the Honey Bee 2/- ... 2id.

THE BEE WORX.D (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis OLVt,

apart from ordinary members of

the tatter), per copy -/8 ... l^d.

The Bee Master of Warrllow

(TiCKNEE Edwaedis) 7/6 ... 4id.

Frltish Bee Joaroal & Record Office,

23 BEDFORD 8TBKJKT. STEAND LOHDOV, W.O.J

Oct. 28. 1920.

'mE BKinsH BEE JOUBNAL

517

Death of Dr. C. G. Miller.

We were exceedingly sorry to hear of
the death on September 4 of this gi'and
old man of bee-keeping — the Sage of
Marengo, he has been aptly called the last
few years. Dr. Miller was in his ninetieth
yeai'. We hope to give a fuller obituary
notice at an early date.

The Dairy Show.

This is almost tlie last show of the
year, and as at most of the shows that
have been held during the season, the
honey was of first-class quality, the
sections were exceptionally good, but
the entries were small. The staging

also left much to be desired. The space
allotted was somewhat cramped, and the
arrangement of the exhibits was very
pooT. The two trophies were at one
end of the table, and were crowded up
at tlie base with the wax, Colonial honey
and exhibits of an interesting nature.
The two latter were staged in such a
higgledy-piggledy fashion, it was almost
impossible to ■distinguish the exhibits
one from the other. The jars and sec-
tions on the staging were not spaced to
the best advantage ; some, notably the
sections, were crowded close together,
while a little further along there were
spaces of from one to almost two feet
botwceii the rows of jars. The appear-
ance <if the whole exhibit would have
been improved 50 per cent, had this mat-
ter received attention, and the staging
been placed in the centre of the table with
a Trophy at either end. We are afraid
that unless the honey section of the
Show is managed better, and with a little
less " red i^pe,'' the few bee-keepers
who do exhibit will give it up in disgust ;
in fact, some have already decided to do
so. Two of the exhibits were overlooked,
and were not staged until Wednesday,
when the exhibitor noticed their absence
and they were found under the table.
Another grievance is the system of
withholding some of the prizes unlass
there are a certain number of entries in
th-> class. In our opinion this should be
left to the discretion of the judge, and if
an exhibit is, in his opinion, worthy of
a pri;^e, it should be awarded, no matter
how few the entries. Mr. J. Price, of
Stafford, judged the exhibits, and made
the folldwing awards: —

r_' l-!b. Jars Tiight-coloured Extracted

Honey (13 entries). — 1, Mr. J. Pearman,
DerbA-; 2, Mr. J. Birkett, Rainhill,
Lanes.; 3, Miss M. Shaw, Hereford; 4,
Mr. N. Allm, Over Wallop, Hants.

12 1-lb. Jars Medium-coloured Ex-
tracted Honey (6 entries). — 1, Mr. G.
Bryden, Rochester; 2, Mr. J. Pearman;
third iind fourth prizes withheld.

12 Jars Dark-coloured Honey (3 en-
tries).—1, Mr. G. Bryden; 2nd and 3rd
withheld.

12 Jars Granulated Honey (4 entries).
— 1, Mr. J. Pearman; 2nd and 3rd with-
held.

12 Sections, Other than Heather (6
entries). — 1, Messrs. Robson & Cisford,
Riding Mill, Northumberland; 2, Mr. J.
Peai-man ; 3rd withheld.

Display of Honey (2 entries). — 1, Mr. J.
Pearman; 2, Mr. G. Bryden.

Wax : 2 lbs. in Two Cakes (6 entries).
— 1, Mr. J. L. Davey, Spalding; 2nd and
3rd withheld.

Wax: 3 lbs., Suitable for the Retail
Ti-ade (4 entries). — 1, Mr. J. L. Davey;
2nd and 3rd withheld; reserve, Mr. J.
Pearman.

Interesting Exhibit (4 entries). — 1, Mrs.
L. AVillis, Beeswing, Sudbury, Suffolk ;
2nd and 3rd withheld; reserve, Mr. J. H.
Miller, AVnlderslade, Chatham.

Colonial Honey : Three Vessels or Tins
as Imported (I entry). — 1, gold medal.
The New Zealand Honey Producers' Asso-
ciation.

A Dorset Yarn,

Have just ha(d a letter. " It seems
impossible that combs in sui-plus racks
should be filled entirely by heather honey
to the exclusion of that from other
flowers " Yet that is exactly how they
have been at the Violet Farm. My friend.
Squire Tomlinson, will bear me out that
this is so. I would like my correspon-
dent to read old Oarlyle ; he wi'ote,
" Know that ' impossible,' where truth
and mercy and the everlasting voice of
Natuie order, has no place." We have
combs so solid that they can be cut into
cubes like sugar, and very little lioney
will run, even though the weather is
wai'm. Some of the combs extracted

o'''S'ly, but others would not yield to the
will of the operator.

Certainly the bees are con.servative, in
that they follow certain flowers very
closely when the honey is in full flow.
The writer of the Dori^et yarn cannot
tell why it is so, but he has repeated
laany times. There are stranger things
i.i heaven and earth than was ever
diram'd of in man's philosophy. We
have watched the bees this last week
going over flowers of bardv fuchsias;

518

THE BBITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Oct. 28, 1920.

they ai'e a long time on each individual
flower. The pollen of these is very
thick and sticky ; it must take them a
bug time to clear off the basket-carriers
after it is put on them, yet they are
always on them at this time of the year
— they are close to the hives.

A clerical 'bee-keeper came over • last
Friday to see the farm. He tells me that'
he has paid his way and covered the
initial cost of this year's extra expendi-
ture on extending his area with fruit,
.Sowers, and vegetables, hut with his
bees, owing to the wet summer, he has
not made any extra return in honey.
His stocks of bees, however, h-ave in-
creased to eight, so he is solvent. He has
a great value in the strong stocks that
have built up since August. Like all
optimists, he anticipates a surplus season
next year — '' Man in his time plays many
parts." This parson, when the War be-
gan, unlike many other younger men in
the Church, took up arms; he has led
his company " over the top " in the
battlefields of France. Ite seems to be
one of the class of men that has made
things hum ; plenty of energy, a beautiful
house, delightful gardens, rich, deep soil,
things groTv luxuriously, he gets the ut-
most out of the soil. He is a worker, he
has plenty of "hot air," like the rest
of his fraternity, but he is a doer, as
well as a talker.

Saturday, October 23, we had warm
southerly winds. Bees wore everywhere
about the farm, they did not seem to
mind that the leaves were falling off
tiees, for flowers are plentiful. What
they find in the fields just now seems to
be of poor quality, but they seem to
extend the comlbs above the bars, thongh
only in some of this late-built comb is
there honey. The shallow oombs that
were uncapped when the wealth of sur-
plus was taken off have had the greater
part taken out, but those that were
sealed over are left intact. These are
over a very strong lot, so we must assume
that they have plenty of stores, they all
make a great deal of humming -when the
sun gets through the clonds.

Bees are still booming. Have just had
a letter, the writer of which would like
stocks by the hundred. If the area is
rich in big trees that bees delight in, it
will be all right for the owners, but it
entirely depends on the farmer's fields.
If it is all grazing, there will not be so
much honey as in fields where clover is
run up for cutting; as we find the crim-
son clover gives the most just at the
time that bees are building up their
population, then when the weatlh of nec-
tar is ready the stocks have plenty of
workers to gather it.— J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Two teams of horses were wending their
way leisurely along the lane, while at
the end stood a youth propping open a
rusty-hinged gate, through which the
horses tifrned into the field. In a few
minutes they were hitched on to a couple
of ploughs, and with a ' ' Blossom,
Smiler, Duke, Flower," the plough-
man set them going along the furrow,
turning over the stubble and up the
sweet, brown earth, revealing insect life
of many species. I wanted a woi"d with
William, so I accompanied him up and
down the field while we conversed on
everything except the one thing I had
come to talk about. William is some-
what garrtilous, but always interesting,
and was never more so than on this occa-
sion. -Fieldfares, starlings, pigeons,
rooks, daws, buntings, sparrows, robins,
were there, and William had something
good to say about them all. Fieldfares
ate berries, so he said, that might poison
human beings. " Starlings? why 'em
saves- a farmer many a'eartache; but for
'em no seed ould ever get the chance to
sprout, them insectes would eat it all.
Pigeons ates corn, I know's they do,
but I'll warrant they ates ten worms to
every nip o' wheat; rooks? lawk! master,
Avireworms 'as no chance when they's
about, the same wi' daws; buntings are
main fond of whitee things, _wliat they
be I don't know, but I do know they
hatches into crawly things ; sparrows be
a bit of a nuisance when harvest is on,
but I reckon they think they earh their
whent since they helps it to grow by a-
swallering slugs and such like, what eats
wheat off soon as it's up; as for robins,
bless their purty breasts, all's good
they does — friendly too, baint 'em ? Sits
on the plough betimes and watches for
their tit-bits to turn up." Thus Wil-
li.am talked away. At last I got an oppor-
tunity of speech. I had heard William
talk of beos his old master had 50 years
ago, and I wondered if I could: gain any
knowledge as to the methods of bee-
keeping in this part, half-a-century back.
Bee! oh, the magic of the word I No
sooner did I mention it tban William
commanded his horses to- stop. I ex-
plained I did not wish to hinder him and
the plonghing, but William said he was
on piece work, so he felt able to stop for
a breather, " besides, the horses are all
of a batther," he added; "what were'e
going to say about bees? " I asked
whether his master of old kept them in
skeps otr boxes; did he resort to the
sulphur pit ; did he import bees or
qreons, etc? " He didn't do any dn't,"
said William. His hives were " fine

Oct. 28, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

519

houses with three rooms in — one room for
breeding, one for a pantry for their-
selves, the other was a pantry for the
master," William explained, and I
gatihered that his master used Nutt's
collateral hives. A centre ibrood nest,
a storage chamber on the left, and a sur-
plus chamber on the right. " How," I
asked, " was the queen kept out of the
, pantries? " " Soft enough, sir. Just
got some dairy winder wire and punched
holes just big enough for the little 'uns
what does all the work to get through,
and sticks a piece across the doorways,
and there you are." I next asked what
weight of surplus honey was taken on
an average fro'm each hive, and Wil-
liam stated it to be about ten stone.
My next query was, what did they do
with swarms? William grew excited.
"Swarms! never had many, only what
'e wanted. Master alius used to say
keep plenty of bees in each hive, and
stop 'em swarming 'cept when you wants
t(j make another stock. Alius bought
fresh queens and kings, too, did the
master." "Now, William," I said,
" iwhy do you keep ialking of 'king '
bees when you know there are only
iqueens, workers and drones? " " No
kings in hives, sir! I wonder master
don't rise from his grave and confound
you, you and all your bees, and you never
seen a king yet? Smiler, Blossom,
Flower, get on with it," and the team
went on and left mo .standing thei'o. I
stood until the team returned, when Wil-
liam stepped from his ]ilough-handles for
a moment, and with the paddle-liandle
smote the palm of bis hand and thus de-
livered himself: "Next spring, if I'm
spared, if you come for I when you're

among yer king ■ well,- I'm danged !

now then, Duke, come hither; whoot
wha," and William was off again warmed
almost to anger, or was it righteous in-
dignation, at my scepticism. I think
I know what William means — of which
more anon. Dr. Sti'ong, I fear, will be
ai gry with me when I say that William
after all, is more right than wrong.

Now for a few " Jottings." If Mr.
Witney will consult the British Beb
Journal of a year ago he will see refer-
ence is made to onions beino; worked as
remedy for bee diseases. His recent ex-
perience is valuable as proving the
potency of this vegetable where weakly
bees are concerned.

The bees are still busy with the ivies,
and not a few are engaged in extracting
what nectar they can from the late
brambles. Italians are doing amazingly ;
if there is nectar within five miles worth
gathering thev will find it, and five miles
as the crow flies is less than five miles as I

the bee flies. Bees strike a zigzag course
as they rush through the air. This
movement is a great help to them — the
weight of their body assisting the rapid
movement of the wings. How inquisitive
they get at this season of the year! A
new gate, a new fence, or even fresh
rose bushes must be examined by the
little ladies; they're worse than cats for
nosing over anything new in October.
If we light a fire for burning weeds they
must come and have a look; and despite
their dislike for smoke, some will fly into
it, perhaps to learn its nature, so as to
warn friends. Soon they will start their
games, using warm days in wintor for
their pranks ; they must be busy e'ther
afc work or at play, and the season of
play is here. — E. F. Hemming, Steeple
Giddinar.

Jottings.

A Useful Tip. — Wlien the bee-lover is
away, an effective, if somewhat defective
and unkind manner of treating a strong
colony i came across the other day. A
gardener, anxious to mow around the
hive, took the precaution of stuffing the
entrance with grass overnight. This
method was perhaps better from one point
of view than one permitting light to enter
the hive; while if all had been as planned,
and the poor bees liberated early, one
might liave forgiven a really nervous cul-
prit. But the day of action happened to
be a wet one, and at twelve-thirty the
job was in abeyance, and so were the
bees ; how long and whether, they would
have remained so until the weather
changed I did not find out; at any rate,
my business was an examination, and I
profeiTed them buzzing around, which
they were only too pleased to do. Now,
gardeners, even Nature, responding to
your expert aid, needs air.

An Unread BooJc.—l also saw some very
strong colonies at another place, all short
of stores though; and as the owner
thought in one or two cases it must be
six years since the combs were placed
there, or examined, it seems to refute
some of our " essentials," to health, such
as changing combs, spring cleaning, and
the many accidents that occur to the
queen — except squeezing in this case, as
it was impossible to move the frames,
which were cemented to the sides of the
hive, and the top bars would not stand
the strain of removal. The hives only
had an eighth of an inch spacing divided ;
I was told they were hives from a promi-
nent maker, but I think this must have
been a libel at some stage. I fancy I

520

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 28, 1920.

oould see our "Inspector" burning this
lot, with half an excuse.

Yet Another Frame. — I made an
acquaintance with another frame, and as
it is supplied with the re-sk>cking nuclei,
I suppose it is new. A saving of ends is
effected; this is about all I could see in
it. The shoulders extended some three-
fifths of the length, and a quarter of an
inch bee passage between combs made a
welcome relief and air passage to the
oth<3i-wise wooded outlook. A set would
effectively keep the liees out of the supers
with the addition of the zinc, while if
one wants to have an examination, a
chisel or other lever is all that is neces-
sary to separate the frames,, when a grip
will be found possible. If I were a share-
holder I should move thalt they be ■ re-
turned, and my letter says the bees are
to be " Italians, or at least have an
Italian queen." There are two sides to
an agreement. — A. H. Hamshae.

The Apiary of King Manuel
of Portugal.

Most of our readers will proba:bly be
aware that King Manuel of Portugal is
one of the craft. We believe theilkis-
tration of his apiary given on another page
is the first to be published.

Mr. A. G. Gambrill, the veteran bee-
keeper of Richmond, holds the appoint-
ment of " Master of the King's Bees " to
King Manuel of Portugal, and is here seen
at the royar apiary at Fulwell Park. An
excellent position was chosen for the hives
which face due South. The wall at the
back of the hives is about 15 ft. high, and
provides an excellent shelter during cold
winter weather. There is a path at the
back from which the hives can be manipu-
lated. On the left hand there is a row of
tall trees (not seen in the picture), which
during hot weather provides plenty of
shade on sunny afternoons. Having, in
his long career of over fifty years among
bees worked with every conceivable type
of hive, Mr. Gambrill regards the W.B.C.
as the best workable, and as he was given
an entirely free hand, had no hesitation
in supplying hives of that make.

King Manuel decided to keep bees when
the sugar shortage began, and started with
one hive at the end of April, 1918. This
was supered the first week in May, but on
June 18 a big swarm came off, which was
.secured. A second hive was suggested, but
they were then hard to obtain ; transit

was also' uncertain. In the emergency
four frames of comb, with adhering bees,
and containing queen cells, were taken
from the parent stock and put in an eight-
frame travelling box, the perforated zinc,
closing a 3-in. entrance, was opened for
flight, and so they Avent merrily along,
rearing their queen. Other frames of
foundation were added as required, and
when the second hive did arrive, on. July
8, there was a splendid lot on eight coinbs
to transfer from the makeshift.

To return to the parent stock. When
the four combs with queen cells were taken
out, all the others were carefully exa-
mined, and all the remaining queen cells
destroyed, an extra super was put on,
and the swarm run back the same night.
A third super was put on later, and by
careful manipulation — putting the end
sections to the centre, and the centres to
the ends, etc., and presently taking away
21 finished sections, so reducing to two
supers, subsequently removing another 21
sections, thus leaving one super for the
bees to complete — 63 well-finished sections
Avere handed to^ their Majesties on their
return from their summer sojourn.

Both the King and Queen are greatly
interested in the bees, and are frequently
present during manipulation, asking in-
formation on every point.

As will be seen, there are four hives,
which his Majesty has decided shall be
the limit in number. On May 3 this year
two .strange swarms settled in the grounds
within an hour or so of each other. One
swarm selected the pear tree on the wall
at the exact sjjot where the smoke is seen
issuing from the smoker. This swarm
took a long time to secure. A skep was
fixed above the cluster, which was gradu-
ally smoked and feathered up.

Now in his sixty-fifth year, Mr. Gam-
brill does very much active work, land has
charge of several other apiaries, including
Rothschild's, making weekly visits in the
season to Streatham, Upper Norwood,
Wimbledon, Putney, Barnes, Hampton
Wick, Teddington, and many other places,
as well as special visits, by request, in
several counties. It is interesting to note
that he has opened no less than 583 hives
in this season. He is a tower of strength
to any association, and in one season
secured eight members for the British
Bee-keepers' Association. To his near
neighbours, the Twickenham and Thames
Valley Association, he acts at judge and
lecturer, and has secured this Association
several members this year. Mr. Gambrill
fills up his winter time with other hob-
bies, being a well-known society enter-
tainer and a public lecturer on general
subjects.

Oct. 28, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

521

522

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Oct. 28, 1920.

Gotswold Notes.

CYPBIAN BEES.

May I be permitted to make a few notes
on this variety of bees indigenous to the
Island of Cyprus, which have been col-
lected from time to time as the result of
personal management of Cyprian colonies?

Of Cyprian bees the Guide Book says :
" As far as appearance goes, they are cer-
tainly the most handsome bees cultivated.
They are extremely prolific, excellent
honey gatherers, etc."

My first experience was in 1914, when
I had two colonies — one headed by a pure
queen, and the other by a Cyprian-Native
cross.

That season was a good one for honey,
and during the honey flow, both stocks
being strong, filled up their outside
combs with honey.

This, however, disappeared at a fast
rate as soon as the flow came to a close.

Finally, having given no surplus and
having no winter stores, both stocks had
to be fed to carry them over the cold
months.

This season, foTir more queens were im-
ported early in the summer. Two were
dead on arrival, but the remaining two
queens were introduced to strong colonies
of hybrid Italian bees. These queens
appeared rather smaller than Italians, but
very similar as regards colouring.

Thev laid continuously as long as the
hybrid bees could bring in sufficient stores
to maintain brood-raising; the brood
being evenly placed over the entire comb
space, and in the centre frames of comb
reached the top and side bars, so that
hardly any cells were available for honey.

The just hatched bees are quite golden,
but smaller in size than young pure
Italians. They darken off considerably
on reaching maturity.

Several times during the season when
a large percentage of Cyprian bees had
become foragers, the colony was in danger
of starvation, and continuous rapid feed-
ing appeared to do little more than keep
them breeding strongly.

As regards temper, this varies some-
what.

"When smoked the bees make a peculiar
hissing sound. They cling closely to their
combs, and if open honey is available so
that thev can fill thomselves their temper
is not disagreeable.

Otherwise, they sting savagely when-
ever a comb is moved.

In order to strengthen one colony I
added 3 lbs. of driven bees in a manner
which would have been quite successful
with any other " common or garden "
stocks.

A tremendous battle was in progress

during the night and almost every bee
had been killed and thrown outside.

To sum up, I believe the summer
climate is too cool, and the days during
which bees may work too few for Cyprians
to be profitable here, and their colouring
is not pronounced enough to render them
of much value to the bee-breeder who
requires light stock for breeding purposes.

"Whether the half-breeds produced by
the union of Cyprian and Natrv^e or
Italian drones would prove more produc-
tive from a honey-producing point of-
view I am at present not able to say. — •
A. H. BowENj Cotswold Apiaries,
Cheltenham.

Notes on Bee-Keeping.

The duties of the mother bee, miscalled
the queen, are of paramount importance
in a hive, in fact she is the life ; the
success or non-success of the colony rests
entirely upon her fertility or non-fertility.
Each of the many thousands of workers
or hundreds of drones owes its existence
to this bee; she is the mother of the en-
tire colony. Remove a mother bee from
a hive, and the workers soon giVe evidence
that there is something wrong within ;
although there is only one bee in a, hive
that has the power of reproduction, yet
we sometimes find that yi^hen a hive has
lost its queen, and is without the means
of rearing another, one can see and hear
of the worker bee or certain of the
workers usurping the functions of the
queen and commencing to lay eggs ; but in
every such case these eggs only produce
drones; these bees are termed " fertile
workei-s." Wliether the drones thus pro-
duced are capable of mating is a
moot jjoint, and has yet to be satisfac-
torily determined. I am strongly of the
opinion that they can not fertilise any
young queen Owing to the unnatural way
they come into existence. The workers also
have not been, and cannot be fertilised by
the drone, as the organic structure differs
from that of a young queen ; thus, as
stated, the eggs laid produce drones, as
a consequence the stock, unless provided
with a queen, will die out.

It is an easy matter to detect their
presence in a hive upon examination.
Although a hive may be queenless, eggs
will be found in both worker and drone
cells, ibut not laid in such a condition as
with a. fertile queen regularly in one
large patch, but scattered about here and
there, very rarely in close proximity, not
more than four or five cells being used
in one particular place. Even in cells
occupied by eggs, they are not laid in a
uniform manner, here an egg may be
stuck on the side of a cell instead of its

Oct. 28, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

523

natural position on the bottom; perhaps
the next cell has four or five eggs in.
The latter circumstance is sometimes ob-
served where a prolific queen is in the
hive and there are not sufficient bees to
cover the number of eggs she is capable of
laying. The eggs in this case will be found
in both drone and worker cells at times
whcsn it is not natural for drone eggs to
be laid. The drones produced from fer-
tile workers are much smaller than drones
from a fertile queen, no doubt on accouut
of their cramped condition in so small
a cradle as a worker cell. The best method
of getting rid of these pests is to unite
the colony to a strong stock having a
fertile queen, the workers then will soon
destroy any fertile worker present. Some-
times caging a fei'tile queen in the hive
for two or three days will cause the de-
struction of fertile workers. It is the
best policy never to allow any colony to
become queenless without a means of
rearing another queen, in which case fer-
tile workers will become unknown. T -ree
that one of your readers deprecates these
notes as being stale, and that " it would
interest many if people wrote more about
condition of their bees." It becomes a
dilficult matter sometimes to discuss your
bees during the dead season, when thej'
are seldom eeen out of doors. Perhaps
it would " interest many " to know that
these notes are not written for the
"many," who- are well versed in bee-
keeping, but for the benefit of new bo-
ginners or would-be beginners. Judgijig
from the many letters received from vari-
ous quarters, these notes have not been
written in vain. One bee-keeper may
think that he is better serving the craft
by giving the experience of his own
bees, another by discussing bee-keeping in
general. If all were sowers there would
bo no' reapers.

Criticism is good providing it is given
ill the right spirit; and not like the
spirit of the "Elder Brother" that we
have seen given from time to time in
these columns, as^d which is only harmful
to the craft. — P. Lythgoe, Padgate, War-
rington, Lanes.

Sermons in Stones,

It is the end of a very bad honey
season, and the bees need a great deal of
feeding if they are to wintei:^ well. More-
over, I cannot feed all my hives at once,
because it means conveying syrup about
a mile and a quarter, and I have a fair
number of hives.

I can send up a hundredweight of
syrup by the carrier in 28 lb. tins, and
have done so once or twice, but as tfce

weather gets colder I find it more con-
venient to take a smaller quantity with
me, and then I can give it to the bees
warm. This means that I must feed
fairly late in the evening, so as to run no
risk of teuipting the unfed to rob the fed.

I\Iy bee-farm is in a somewhat exposed
place, and as I am not always at hand,
especially in bad Aveather, I keep a brick
on the top of every hive to be sure that
the roof shall not be blown oS during a
gale.

I know that a more approved plan would
be to drive in a stake by the side of each
hive, and hang a brick to this with the
rope going over the roof. In this case
no moisture would collect under the brick,
and no earwigs and other vermin Avould
find shelter. But then my bricks would
tell no tales on misty autumn evenings
when I am racing the daylight to get all
my synip distributed. As it is, one
glance at the rows of hives tells me where
to feed.

My nuclei, I am sorry to say, have
needed feeding practically all the summer,
and these were the first this autumn to
be, as Mr. Simmins would say, " fed
solid." They were fed until they could
take no more, and they told me so by
leaving the syrup in the feeder. Then
each Avas supplied with a good lump of
candy and the brick on each hive was
placed sloping up the left-hand side of tbe
roof. These will only need the candy re-
newing occasionally.

Next the weaker stocks were fed
" solid," and since thev have more
combs and more bees, and can therefore
store more food, they will need no candy
until the spring, and can be left undis-
turbed. Their brick lies on the topmost
part of the roof, with its greatest length
at right-angles to the front of the hive.

At present the strong stocks which are
short of stores are taking their turn at
the syrup, and their bricks slope upwards
on the right-hand side of the roof. This
is the position in which the brick and
roof can be removed most quickly.
And, lastly, I am glad to say, there are
a few strong stocks which have sufficient
stores to carry them through until candv-
time next spring, and the bricks on the
roofs of these lie on the top. but with the
greatest length parallel to the hivo front.

One thing which often strikes me as T
read the Joiirnnl is the fact that manv
bee-keepers give some good plan which
thev have adopted, but have quite for-
8;otten where thev first heard of it, and
have come to think of it as their own.
A case in point is the " newspaper "
method of uniting bees. I think that it
adds greatly to the interest of the article
if we quote the classics. We take a good
thing from this writer and a good thing

524

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

from that, and gradually build up a
system of bee-keeping which is best suited
to our own circumstances, but let us try
to keep in touch with our benefactors. At
one time I had a number of hives which
I named after the bee-masters whose
various methods I was trying. There was
the Doolittle hive for " shook swarming,"
the Simmins hive for " plumping," the
Miller hive for nucleus formation, the
Sladen hive for queeivrearing, and
others. Noav, my system is a Doolittle-
Simmins-Miller-Siaden, etc., system!

But my " Sermons in Stones " plan
belongs to none of these, but is given by
E. R. Root in the " A.B.C. of Bee Cul-
ture " under " Record-Keeping of Hives."
The sermons in this article are very much
more complicated than mine, as slates are
used instead of bricks, and on these slates
records are kept throughout the yearv. I
prefer to have my records all together in
a book which I can carry home Avith me
and study at my leisure, but Root's
article will give many a useful hint, and,
like all the rest of the book, is well worth
careful study.— I. H. Jackson, Warwick.

A Bee-Keeper's Alphabet.

A is All the members of the British
B.K.A.

B's the Bees — without them there is
nothing more to say.

C, of course, is clover. How we wel-
come the first flower !

D's the Dutch bees. Once we glowed,
but now we glower.

E must be the Editors, whom we greet
one and all.

F's the Frame; and, may I ask, "Do
you use large or small? "

G's the Goldenrod wo look for when the
summer flowers are bv.

And our Hopes of Honey dwindle and
«ur sugar bill is High !

I is (speak it low) the Isle of Wight —
that dread disease;

In the Journal, though, some writers
say they cope with it , with ease!

K's for Kettle. Every Thursday how
to read his varus we run !

L's for Limes." I've planted fifty; but
their blossoms cloud the sun.

M's for Mice. Look out in winter!
Keep your combs well wrapped away.

N's the Nucleus, but the weather often
spoils the mating day.

O is Onions. Shades of Butler! "Let
not breath of garlic smell.".

P is Packing in the Winter. Is it bad
or is it well?

Q's the Queen, and on Her Highness
hangs our hope and hangs our fear;

Oct. 28, 1920.

So Research I we look to thee, and to
our breeders far and near.

S, the Swarm which once we longed
for, but now makes our Soul to mourn,

Or it might be Sting, except that these
we view with lofty scorn !

T is "Telling." Yes, we'll "tell"
them. There are things ,we do not know ;

Understanding comes but slowly, and in
safety we would go !

Vs the View we take of labour. Shall
we work for fame or pelf?

But the Worker bee shall teach us — -
" Each for all and none for self,"

X must stand for our 'Xcitement when
we read of perfect cures.

Y is Yadil ousting Izal, H. perox.,
which hives insures.

Z the Zuzz, Zuzz, Zuzz, which tells us
by its note what our pets need.

May the Zuzzers live for ever, and their
keepers have God-speed !

— I. H. Jackson, Warwick.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Conversazione, October, 21, 1920.

The conversazione was a most suc-
cessful one, nearly 200 persons being pre-
.sent. A goodly number turned up for
the reception between 2 and 3 o'clock,
and had the pleasure of meeting the
veteran chairman of the Association, Mr.
T. AV. Cowan, who was remarkably w«ll
and fit, despite advancing years and the
long journey. A nunuber of well-known
bee-keepers were present, and a pleasant
hour was spent. A 3 p.m. Mr. Cowan
took the chair, and called on Mr. G.
Biyden to give his impressions of bee-
keeping in Italy during a short tour in
that country during the summer, which
he did, as follows : —

EXPERIENCES IN ITALIAN BEE-KEEPING.

Mr. chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen, —

I thank you for your very kind recep-
tion, and trust that these few remarks on
Italian bee-keeping will be some compen-
sation for your kindness. My experiences
were gathered from the different apiarists
when on a visit to Northern and Southern
Italy, where I went with our friend Mr.
W. Herrod-Hempsall, whose previous ex-
perience in that country was of very great
assistance, though not sufficient to pre-
vent us from being put under arms and
guarded like murderers on one of the
frontiers — an experience I am not likely
to forget for a considerable time.

You are all aware of the time which has
been allowed for my paper and remarks.
I consider it much too short, but the
Council thought it would give the audi-

Or^t. 28, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

525

ence more time to get out of me what
they want exactly, and I expect you will
hear me calling on our chairman for pro-
tection before I am finished.

I have no intention of taking up your
time with our voyage, or the time which
we spent in the large cities and their
surroundings, as they may not be of very
great interest to this meeting, although
well worth a visit by anyone who likes
travel and sight-seeing.

Paris was our first night out — and we
were bachelors gay at once in gay Paree —
but my prime intention was to pay a
visit to L'Apicultore, which we did the
jiext day. It was situated in the centre
of a mound of trees and contained about
twenty hives, all of different shapes and
sizes, with the entrances to be seen at
both back and front, top aucl sides. The
bees also were of an experimental mix-
ture as well as the hives. I have seen one
or two apiaries in this country quite as
bad, but none worse, so we put off little
time there in search of knowledge —
though I am informed that the French
are of a very scientific nature, at a table
conference. However, I hope to see a
little more of the French apiaries shortly,
and should I have the honour of again
appearing before you I may be better
instructed to deal with them and their
methods.

The next apiary of importance which
we visited by appointment was that of
Signer Enrico Ijozzalla, of Crevacuore.
Nothing was left undone which could add
to our comfort and knowledge of bee-
keeping. Apiary after apiary was thrown
open for our inspection.

He is a man full of youth and buoy-
ancy, with a keen eye to business, carrying
on large woollen and paper factories,
growing his own timber for the manufac-
ture of paper, the Acacia being one of his
favourite trees, as it provides both pollen
and nectar in abundance for his bees_ and
pulp for his paper inills. It is very pro-
lific in its growth, and yields nectar after
the third year. He did with pride point
to some of these trees which he planted
forty and fifty years ago.

No time was lost in getting to work,
and we first went through hive and appli-
ance factory, where we found them busy
making queen cages, nucleus hives,
frames, etc. The wiring of the frames
puzzled them very much, but that was
soon overcome by Mr. Herrod-Hempsall
showing them his practical method of
wiring. After that we were joined by his
expert, Angelo Zanini, his two assistants,
and an interpreter of great abilitv,
Clerici Gustavo, and then went to the
home and export apiary where I first
caught sight of Italian bee-keeping.

Words fail to express how I felt at the
first sight of those beautiful mountain
insects. There are about 400 stocks and
nuclei in this apiary, and w^e were soon at
work in the fine sunshine. At once
Signor Zanini proved himself master of
the bees. During the examination of
stocks or nuclei no veils — or protectors, as
they are called there — or smoke were used
by anyone, and seldom were we stung.
On opening the first stock hive I was
amazed to find that no quilts were used
as coverings. " Regina " was soon found
and examined, also the combs, which were
full of brood and honey. Here he found
the large moth on the face of the brood,
just under the capping, but 7 failed to
detect this enemy in her devastations as
only by practical experience can one dis-
cover where she is in hiding.

Drone breeding was very extensivelv
carried on here for mating the virgin
queens in the nuclei, which were brought
in from the out-apiaries.

(Tn he confinurd.)

Glasgow and District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The first of a series of winter lectures
on bees and bee-keeping was held in the
Royal Institute, West Regent Street,
Glasgow, on Friday, 15th instant, the
President, Alec Steven, Esq., E.B.,
S.B.A., presiding.

There was a large gathering of members
and friends to meet the following gentle-
men : —

John Anderson, Esq., M.A., B.Sc,
E.B., vS.B.A.

J. n. Langlands, Esq., E.B., S.B.A.,
President.

J. W. Moir, Esq.. E.B., S.B.A.,
Treasurer.

Mr. Langlands gave an interesting
address on " Hives and Appliances,"
illustrating his remarks with some very
clever pieces of apparatus of his own
design.

Mr. Anderson paid iiarticular attention
to the " Survival of the Fittest," which,
as he explained, was specially applicable
tn bers in relation to disease.

Afr. Moir followed with some of his own
" Bee-Keepins Experiences." which were
verv entertaining.

A vote of thanks was heartily accorded
the lecturers.

The first of the monthlv Bee Talks
which are being arranged will take place
on Friday, 29th instant, at the Presi-
dent's house. Due notice will be given.

A Social Evening (Whist Drive) will be
held on Fridav, November 12, at
" Reid's " Tea Rooms, Glasgow. — Pkter
Bebbington, Hon. Secretary.

526

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Oct. 28, 1920.

Salisbury and District Bee-
Keepers' Association.

Mr. J. J. Kettle is to give an address
to bee-keepers at Church House, Crane
Street, Salisbury, at 7 p.m., on Wednes-
day, November 3. Subject : " Profitable
Bee-keeping on a Fruit and Flower
Farm." Readers of Mr. Kettle's yarns
will know he is well qualified to deal with
his subject, and a pleasant and profitable
evening may be anticipated.

The Edito-rs do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of nood faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Queen and Drones.

[10325] Whilst in the hay-field on
July 8, about 3.30 p.m., I heard a loud
buzzing, and a large cluster of bees
dropped at my feet. Being a bee-keeper,
1 stooped down to look at them, and, found
they were drones. On examining them I
discovered a young queen in their midst.
I picked her up and confined her in a
matchbox. Having a queenless stock on
hand, I put her in a cage and introduced
her. On examining the hive later I found
it full of young bees (Italians).

Have any of your readers ever heard of
such a curious incident? — H. Wright.

Queenless Bees Storing Honey.

[10326] In reference to. Mr. A. Lewis's
contribution [10320] and your invitation
for otber bee-keepers' experience on the
above subject, it reminds me of the late
Mr. Broughton-Carr's words: "Bees do
nothing invariably."

I have been a bee-keeper 40 ycar^s, and
have hud experience on two occasions of
queenless bees working well, but generally
they are listless and hopeless.

Tliree years ago a friend of mine went
away for his holiday in July, and asked
me to look after his bees in his absence,
and I did s^o, but one Saturday afternoon
he liad to come home for something and
found that one stock had swarmed ; he
had no time to spare, as he must go back
by the next train, so he callc<l at my
bouse and said there was a swarm, and

as he had nothing ready I could have
them for fetching.

1 was away at an allotment where 1
keep five stocks, not having sufBicient space
at home, and my wife sent me word — it
was nearly 7 j).m.— but I went home, got
a skep, veil, a cheese-cloth and some
string, and went to my friend's garden
where I found the swarm in a damson
tree»- I borrowed a ladder and fixed it as
near as I could, but disturbed the bees a
little; and as the tree was not very rigid
some got on the wing, but I got perhaps
three-fourths of them, and as it was get-
ting latB I covered them up at once with
the cheese-cloth and came down, tied
them up, and left a portion behind. Of
course, I ought tO' have let them settle,
gone up again and got the remainder, and
let them remain until the next day, but
being rather late on Saturday evening 1
wanted to finish with them, and I took
them to a frame-hive on my allotment and
put them on five sheets of foundation and
one built-out comb. In a week I examined
them, and found the combs beautifully
built out, but there was no brood or eggs
to be seen.

I concluded they might have a virgin
queen, so left them another week, by
which time the combs were filled up with
honey, some of them good enough for
show, but no' brood. During the following
week I tried to get a queen, and heard
of a friend having a cast; but as it was
tlic end of July, I told him they would
do him no good, and would have to le
fed up, and he sold them to me. I united
them by placing his bees on three combs
in a small hive, close by my sw^arm, and
in a few days they were united, and
there was soon plenty of brood. The next
year they filled two racks of sections.

Another case in my experience occurred
a number of years ago.

I was much pleased tO' see Mr. Lewis's
confirmation of the (to me) wonderful
' ' Yarns ' ' from Mr. Kettle, whose experi-
ence must be so different to mine. Here
in Stalfordshire bees sometimes get a little
honey from gooseberry blossom or from
garden flowers, but it is so insignificant
that to talk of putting supers on seemed
very strange. Bees seldom store honey here
until hot weather comes in May or Juno,
and then only a little at the top of the
combs, when supers may be put on if
swarms are not wanted. Occasionally we
get a little "honey flow" from fruit
blossom or the hawthorn, but only on the
average aboiit once in eight or ten years.
The clover and limes in a goqd year yield
well for 12 or 14 days, but more often
about a week in my locality — this year
the limes yielded four days, clover not
ai all. It is then time to extract, and

Oct. 28, 1920.

THE BErriSH BEE JOUBNAL.

527

I am always glad if the ibees can store
suiBcient or nearly so in the brood nest
foi- winter. I have taken as much as 70 lbs.
frojn good hives in a favourable season,
bu t am always satisfied with an average of
about 30 lbs. per hive.

This year I had but very little, and
have had to feed up pretty extensively.

1 am hoping for a good season next
year. — Thos. Harper, Uttoxeter.

Poppy and Other Bees.

[10327] The " Popjn/ hee" belongs to
the leaf cxitters, genus Megachile,
Latreille. " Curding bee " to the genus
Bombus, those who plait filaments of
moss, etc., to form their nests.

Orange-tailed Bee. — The large black
species, with orange tail, is Bombus
lapidarius, derbarnellus, or Pesithyrus
rupestris ; the last-named is parasitic
upon the former. A carnivorous bee that
bores with its " teeth " is not known to
modern scientists. — M. E. Bott.

[10328] In reply to " W.'s " inquiries
(p. 485) re popjiy bee, carding bee, and
orange-tailed bee, I presume the second-
named is Bomhiis agrarium, the carder
bee, so named because of the way in
which it weaves or cards the moss of whicli
its nest is lined. As the population grows,
the nest is enlarged, the bees Forming a
eh;iin from the entrance to the growing
moss, passing the pellets backward to he
mixed with wax, or rather, pseudo wax,
to withstand the weather. The orange-
tailed bee is possibly Apaihus riii?re>itis;
as its name indicates, it is without affec-
tion for its progeny, it never rears its own
young, but deposits its eggs in the nest
of Bombus lajndarius, of which it is a
parasite. Almost immediately after im-
pregnation the young queens retire into
the nest of B. lapidarius to hibernate.
I'he male and female are of similar
colour, the drone being the brighter of the
two. The queen is much larger, and the
three last segments of both are orange-
coloured. The poppy bee I have no know-
ledge of by that name.

In " Notes on Bees," p. 496, your
correspondent remarks that it is curious
that bees confine themselves to one variety
of flower when gathering a load of pollen.
If grains of pollen from different flowers
are examined under the microscope, they
will be found to be of different shape,
density and structure, and if gathered
indiscriminately by the bee, would not
knead compactly ^gether for safe carriage
in the corbiculse. There are no special
cells in the comb, as suggested by your
correspondent, as may be seen if a cell of

pollen is cut open, the different layers
being pressed down and of many colours,
the necessity for distinction, as above, not
arising. — G. Barratt.

Amount of Candy for a Foodless
Colony.

[9911] I have been asked several times
exactly how niueh candy or .syrup it is
necessary to give to a foodless stock to
ensure safe wintering?

For example,' a friend of mine has
bought driven bees and hived two lots
in one hive on drawn-out comb, no stores,
it is too late for syrup, and he wishes to
know how many cakes of candy would
carry them through?

I have suggested in case of syrup not less
than 20 lbs. sugar making about 32 lbs.
by weight of syrup, and not less than
24 lbs. candy, and I should like to know
if you think this correct?

Of course it is Hot proposed to put
24 lbs. candy on toil of hive, but to put
two pounds at a time and add more when
exhausted ; the bee.'^, of course, take the
caiuly down and .store it, and the driven
lot ha\e got through 4 lbs. this week
already, doubtless stored. . — Geo. M.
ROSLTNG. -

Rei'ly. — The amount you have sug-
gested is correct. At the rate the bees
are taking the candy down they are, as
you say, converting it into a liquid form
and storinn; it in the comb.

Bee Shows to Come.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Classes In Honey
Section.— Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. XSntries clos« ICovem-
ber 6.

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Gel a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooict by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Baildingt, LONDON, E.C^.

528

THE BKITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Oct. 28, 1920.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Will adveTtiiCTB pleate read these liulea care-
fully in order to save trouble, as they will be
strictly adhered to.

Trad« advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under tbe
Private Advertisenvents. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per iin., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Sees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNINO for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more cortsecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADV£BTISXf]VC£irTS.

OOTS' AUTOMATIC EXTRACTOR, will

extract both sides four shallow frames in one

operation. Particulars, stamp. What offers?—

BOLES, Heathfield, Holsworthy, .Devon. j.3J

TRONMONGER'S ASSISTANT (27), Apis Club
-L- member, 9i years' ironmongery- (agricultural,
general, etc.) and bee-keeping experience, seeks
situation Avith ironmonger doing bee appliance
trade; undertake management bee department if
desired. — Box 105, British Bee Jocbnal Office. 23,
Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. j.34

TRONG PLANTS.— 20 Eorget-me-Nots, 40
Limnanthes, Is. 6d. — LITMAN, Castle Cary.

j.35

S

STRONG and well-made Garden Baskets, 36. 6d.,
4s. 6d., 5s. 6d.; post 9d.— LITMAN, Basket
Maker, Castle Cary. j.36

IF YOU INTEND to launch out next season you
may need an Assistant. Ex-Officer, who sine's
demob, has taken iniensive course of apiculture
with view to starting iwofessionally, needs employ-
ment to gain further experience; has thorough
grounding, including commercial queen rearing,
handy with any tool, knowledge I.C. engines. Do
anything.— Box 106, British Bee Journal, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, W.C.2. j.38

HONEY TINS.— Six round 28 lbs., three square
28 \b9., one round 14 lb. What offers?—
HASTINGS, 28, Dovey Road, Moseley, Birming-
ham. j.40

3. CWT. pure Heather Honey. Offers invited.— W.
4 WOODS, Normandy, near Guildford. j.44

EXTRACTOR, geared, good condition, £2; also
Hive, used one season, 25s.— Full particulars,
CONISBEE, Markyate, Dunstable. j.43

BROTHER BEE-KEEPERS with spare time
wishing to commence in the Retail Fisli
Business write J. W. ELVIDGE, Wholesale Fish
Merchant, Grimsby. r.h.239

BEES, HIVES, ETC., for Sale. Send stamp for
list.-JAMES GLADDING, London Road,
Copdock, Ipswich. r.j.l4

1)URE LIGHT CAMBRIDGE HONEY (guaran-
teed), 14-Ib. tine, 30s.; 28-lb. tins, 576. 6d., car-
riage paid.— YOUNG, 42, James Street, Cambridge.

r.j.l7

BEESWAX, pure, for Sale, 5 cwt., packed in
J-cwt. bags, £8 16s. per cwt. net, f.o.r.
London.— Apply, Box 104, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, W.C.2. r.j.20

BUSINESS ADVERTISEMENTS,
lid. per word.

R LITMAN having purchased one of the Somer-
• set Re-stocking Apiariee, can book strong
Nuclei for delivery May and June, 1921. All Stocks
headed by imported or home-reared from proved
prolific queens, Plana, Penna, and Bozzalla strains.
Doolittle and Sladen's methods employed rearing.
Delivery in strict rotation, with tested or untested
Queens as desired. Avoid disappointment. Book
now. £1 with order, balance when ready.— Castle
Cary, Somorset. j.37

O SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— JFlavine

Candy, made in Cambridge, and tne
wrappers bear our name, 6 lbs., lis. 3d., postage
paid; larger quantities. Is. 6d. per lb., carriage
extra; sample Is. 6d., post paid. — S. H. SMITH,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge.

BEAUTIFUL CANDY, 6 lbs., 10s. 6d., delivered.
— BOWEN, Coronation, Cheltenham. j.39

MASHEATH MEMS.-" The Baby Masheath has
been most useful.— Rev. A. L. W."— ATKIN-
SON, Fakeaham. j.41

A WELL-ESTABLISHED FIRM wishes to hear
of bee-keepers who would guarantee to supply
them with Nuclei iMay-June next.— Box 107, B.B.J.
Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. j.42

HAVE YOr READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not. why not? Every number in itaelf is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House. BenBon, Oxon.

AUSTRALIAN HONEY FOR FEEDING
BEES.— Cases containing two tins, about
60 lbs. each, UOs. per case; 1 tin 568., carriage paid
100 miles. Remittances with orders.— SOUTH-
WOOD, 95, Acton Vale, London. r.li.l90

WIOHT" DISEASE.— Prevention and removaL
Advice 5s.— ALF. RYALL, Cottage Farm,
near Camp, Stroud. j.5

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & OALE, iJTarl-

borough. rh.131

Finest Grade New Zealand Honey

(Amber)

For Bee Feeding. Guaranteed Pure.

Cases, each 2-60 lb. nominal Tins. 95/- per cwt.

Carriage paid.

Cash with order or on receipt of gooda.

N.B. We are already supplying Beekeepers'

Associat- ens throughout the Country andsball

be pleased to quote references.

The Bristol and Dominions Producers'
Association, Ltd., Bristol.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recogniied centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W. HESBOD-HSSEPSAIA, 33, Bedford
StrMt, Strand, XiOiidoii, WX>.tt>

Oct. 28, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

BARGAINS IN SURPLUS CLOTHING

FOR 14 DAYS ONLY TO CLEAR.

Beet quality new full size Fawn Australian
Blankets, 42/- pair.

Beet quality new full size Grey Australian
Blankets, 35/- pair.

Best quality Officers' Bedford Cord Riding
Breeches, 42/- pair.

Best quality Officers' Cord Riding Breeches,
strapped, 25/- pair.

Good quality Cord Riding Breeches, 10/6 pair.

Dark Heavy Tweed Overcoats, snitable farmers,
etc., 25/- each.

Best quality new Army Puttees, 4/6 pair.

Good Blue Serge Trousers, suitable for work-
ing men, 12/6 pair.

Good Blue Serge Trousers, as new, 15/- pair.

New Blue Serge Trousers, best quality obtain-
able, 21/- pair.

Khaki Drill Trousers, as new, all sizes, 7/6
pair.

Khaki Drill Jackets, as new, all sizes, 7/6

each.
Khaki Drill Jackets, Officers' quality, 10/tt

Khaki Drill Trousers, Officers' quality, 10/6

pair.
Cardigan Jackets, as new, 8/6 each.
Bath or Carriage Sponge, large size, to clear,

1/6 each.
New Holeproof Trousers, everlasting wear,

18/6 pair.
New Blue Trousers, all sizes, 16/6 pair.
New Officers' Poplin Soft Collars, 4/- dozen.
New Officers' Khaki Collars, 4/6 dozen.
New Striped Union Shirts, best quality, 8/6

each.
New Indigo Blue Serge Ladies' Skirts, 15/6

each.
As new Indigo Blue Serge Ladiee' Skirts, 8/6

eaah.

THOITSANSS OF OTHER BARGAZITS. SUND FOR I.ISTS FREE.

SACAR'S ARMY SURPLUS STORES (Dept. 29), ARDWiCK, MANCHESTER.

^3 / Of the Author, S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

^/- SIMMINS "A MODERN BEE FARM"

POST FBEE Nearly 500 pages. A few more copies at 8.'-. Any further edition must cost 50% more

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

/ very much regret that there has been a large increase in the cost of the manufacture of bee-
appliances, and therefore my prices will be advanced lOyi from May 10th. Books excepted.

((

RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of.

" Isle of Wight * Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

BACIEROL LIMITED

19/25, Brookside Rd., Highgate. N.19.

POSITIVE FACTS. >«. 13/^. 920

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missmg two sheets of other new foundaticn, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back oi the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in i6 X lo frames.

Yours faithfully, R B. MANLEY.

Illustrated Lists free by voat.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Aoiary, BROMLEY. Kent.

Bee-keeping Simplified

FOR THE COTTAGER AND SMALLHOLDER.

By W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, F.E.S.,

Author of " Producing, Preparing, Exhibiting and Judging Bee Produce."
Price Is. net. Post Free 1/H

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL OFFICE, 23, Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C

iv THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL. Oct. 28, 1920.

FOUR FIRST FRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at

Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods.

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives.

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate

despatch.

CANDY. Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Price 1/6 per i-lb.,

carriage extra.

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION.

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used.

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an

Apiary," post free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appliance Maker Sf
WORMIT, FIFE.

Telegrams : — " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormit.

. BE^E^ OANDY.

WE are now able to supply CANDY OF OUR
OWN MAKE from guaranteed Pure White
Refined Cane Sugar. In 1-lb. boxes with glass tops.
It can be had plain or medicated with either " Yadil'*
or "Bacterol."

PRICES.
71b. 11/-, postage 1/3

141b. 21/6, postage 2/6

281b. 42/-, postage 5/-

1121b. £8 8s., packed free, carriage

forward.

BEE FOOD SUGAR VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex.

Printed by the Avbnci Prebb (L. Upoott Gill & Son, Ltd.), 66-67, Drury Lan«, London, W.O., *nd

PUBLIBHID FOB THl PrOPRIROR (W. HbRROD-HbMPBALL), BY SlUPEIN, MARSHALL. IHAUILTON,

Kent & Co.. Ltd.. SI & 3Z, Patbrnobtu Bow. £.C.

BbriSh Bsb Jotjhnu. and Bes-kebpkks' Adviser, November 4, 1920.

DEC 7-1920

No. 2002. Vol. XLVIII

NOVEMBER 4, 1920. ' IPublished every Thursday, Price 2d.

CO N^rr e: M rc s.

PAGE

Obituary Notice 529

The Cause of " Isu of Wight " Disease 531

A Dorset Yarn 533

Jottings from Hunhngdonshire 553

Cotswold Notes 534

Queens on Strike 535

Echoes from the Hives 536

PAGE

British Beb-keepers' Association 536

c0rrespondbnce>—

"I.O.W."' and Other Diseases 537

Plants for Bees 538

An Appreciation from Scotland 538

Re Hives 538

Queries and Replies —

Missing Queen 539

OWING to the FALL in the COST OF SUGAR
WE ARE IN A POSITION TO SUPPLY

PINK (MEDICATED OR PLAIN)

SOFT
OANDY

Made from Guaranteed Pure Cane Sugar.

NO VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

1/5 per lb. (71b. parcel post free, 11/-)
(101b. do. do. 15/6)

E. H. TAYLOR, LTD., WELWYN, HERTS.

11

THE BSlfiSH BSB JOtJfiNAL,

Nov. 4, 1920.

British Bee Journai

Office : 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.

£STABLI8HED 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAN, F.L.S., &c.,
and J. HERSOD-UEUUPSAZiIi, F.E.S.

Correspondence : Whom to Address.—
All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to "subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed- to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Subscriptions. — Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yen are advised to insist on tbis being nsed wben
dealing with strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched until notice that
the money has been deposited Is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase- money of the articles is
depositod at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchaee is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2i
per cent, in the £. with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses ol Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be nude payable
to W. Herrod-Herapeall, and crossed " London
County and Weetmlnster Bank." The nxtmberB of
♦he Postal OM»ni Rhould be kept by tiie aender.

We cannot be responsible for any Iosa that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hoiu
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller'*
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval t>e returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Caah In fnll most be sent with order.

Postage

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(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Advanced Be« Cnltnro

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roB t:Kb cottaqeb ajtd

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COHSTOCE) &/' ... 4id.

Prevention of Swarming
(Wilkes) 1/- ... Id,

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tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hoopbb, F.R.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.

PROBTJCINO, PBEPABINO,
EXHIBITIKO AJTD JUDG-
ING BEB PBOBITCE (W.
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(F. W. L. Sladin) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Bearing
<DO0LITTLl) 4/« ... 3id.

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Queenlng •/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.

Wilke's Book on Swarming ... 1/- ... lid.

MISCEIJ^AKEOXJS.

The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TicKNER Edwardes) 2/« ... 3d.

Iilfe of the Bee (Maeterlinck) ... 5/- ... 4d.
THE BEE WORIiD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... Ifd.

The Bee Master of Wariilow

(TiccNEB Edwardis) 7/6 ... 41d.

British Bee Journal & Record Office,

23, bbdford stbsjct, STBAin) LowDON, W.at.

Nov. 4, 1920.

i:as BBrrisEt bee joubnal.

529

Obituary Notice.

THE LATE DR. C. C. MILLEE.

It was with sincere sorrow that we re-
ceived the sad news of the death of this
veteran bee-keeper at the ripe age of
89 vears.

OA'er and above his current expenses, his
boarding at times not exceeding 35 cents
a week. After teaching for a short time
Dr. Miller studied medicine, graduating
from the University of Michigan, and
taking his M.D. degree at the age of
twenty-five. After settling down to prac-
tice, he says, " It di-d not take more than
a year for me to find out that I had not
sufficient health myself to take care of
that of otliers," so, with much regret,
he gave up his profession.

In 1857 he married Mrs. H. M. WliitQ,

THE LATE DR. C. C. MILLER, OF MARENGO, U.S.A.

Dr. Miller was born on June 10, 1831,
at Ligonier, Pennsylvania, lost his
father at the age of ten years, and by
working in a store for two years he ob-
tained enough to enable him to go to the
village school, and by teaching supported
himself before graduation at Union Col-
lege, Schenectady, New York, at the age
of 22. He then supported himself by
doing any sort of work, and was able to
graduate with a surplus of some $70

and spent some years in teaching vocal
and instrumental music, and was for
several years Principal of the Marengo
public school. Dr. Miller had a natural
talent for music, and his musical com-
positions were simple and delightful, and
we were much charmed with his playing
and singing when we visited him at
Marengo. He spent about a year as
music agent, and helped to get up the
first Cincinnati Musical Festival in 1873,

530

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 4, 1920.

The three following years he worked for
the Mason & Hamlin Organ Co. in
Chicago, but his love of the country in-
duced him to give up his work and take
charge of a school at Marengo at a salary
of $1,200 a year.

His wife died in the spring of 1880,
and in the fall of 1881 he married Miss
S. J. Wilson, whose sister. Miss
Emma W. Wilson, has assisted him with
his bees ever since. His first commence-
ment with bees was in 1861, and we can-
not do better than give in his own words
what he wrote to lis in 1909 about his
experience. He said: —

" When I was a little chap I found a
bumble-bees' nest, from which small be-
ginning a large and flourishing apiary
never grew. Indeed, it was not till I was
thirty years old that I undertook again
to do anything in the way of management
of bees. At that time my wife captured a
runaway swarm, and hived it in a sugar-
barrel. With not the slightest thought of
ever becoming a practical bee-keeper, I
became quite interested in the little
creatures. The first number of a bee-
journal ever published on the conti-
nent, the American Bee Journal, ap-
peared at the beginning of that year,
1861, but it never occurred to me to in-
quire whether such a thing was in exist-
ence. I did, however, get hold of
Quinby's book in the course of time, and
made hives after the instructions there
given. They were box-hives, for at that
time the book had nothing to say about
movable combs.

" Of course, the bees were blacks. Five
years later I got my first Italian queen.
Whatever may be the case in England,
there was such a marked difference be-
tween the work of the blacks and the
Italians that for a number of years I
made the effort to weed out all black
blood. But that is not an easy fhi
and there has never been a time whev I
had none but pure Italians. Indeed, for
some years I gave up trying to keep pure
yellow blood, and bred from the colonies
that gave me the biggest yields, what-
ever the colour; and the best yielders
generally had more or less black blood in
them.. As a result, I now have bees that
are hustlers, and I feel sure that under
the same conditions they will store more
honey than any bees I formerly had,
either yellow or black. Alas, that by
the side of every rose there is likely to
be a thorn ! Along with the hustling
disposition there has been developed a
temper that makes the bees veritable
little demons to sting. If I had it to
do over again, I would stick to pure
Italian blood in the hope of having

gentler bees. I have now some pure
Italians, purporting to be of the best
strains, but they don't begin to store
like my vicious hybrids bred for storing.

" It would be a long story to tell of all
the successes and failures of those first
years — perhaps the failures would make
a longer story than the successes, even
if not so interesting. Winter losses were
heavy, so heavy, in fact, that in spite
of buying colonies at times, at the end
of eleven years I liad only two colonies.
These two were the survivors of fifty
that went into winter quarters the pre-
vious fall. But as I was only playing
at the business I didn't care.

" One reason for some of my failures
was" that my business kept me away fromi
home, with only an occasional chance in
some years to see the bees. In 1876 I
determined to give myself a chance to
do better, and for the sake of living
where my bees were, accepted the charge
of the Marengo public schools at a salary
of $1,200, less than half I could have had
by staying away. Just how rich a man
I shoiild have been if I had not made
that change I cannot tell. But I suppose
I should have died years ago in spite of
making more money. I'm still alive —
that's a good deal; and I have had, and
still have, the happiest kind of life —
and that's a good deal more.

" In 1878 I gave up teaching, and
since then have been nothing but a bee-
keeper. The largest number of colonies
I kept never exceeded 400, in four
apiaries. For the past few years I have
run only two apiaries, and the coming
year expect to have only one.

" Unfortunately, I had a poor loca-
tion, white clover being the only thing
upon which I could depend for surplus,
so I cannot boast of such big yields as
some others. In late years, however, fall
pasturage has helped a little. The
greatest trouble with white clover is that
some years it will bloom abundantly but
yield no nectar. One year, instead of
getting a crop of honey, I had to feed
my bees with 2,800 lb. of sugar to keep
them from starving. I'll give you my
three best years.

" In 1882, from 174 colonies, I took
16,549 lb. of comb honey. In 1903, 124
colonies gave 18,150 lb., increasing to
284. The best colony gave 275 lb. (300
sections). Last year, 1908, with 129
colonies, I took 19,480 sections (I did
not weigh them). That was not so bad,
considering that all the work in the
apiary and most' of the other work were
done by a man of seventy-seven and a
none too strong woman, my sister-in-
law. Miss Emma M. Wilson, who has
been ray assistant for twenty-six years.

Nov. 4, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

531

" One's interest in bee-keeping never
dies. I have just as keen a relish in
studying bee-problems to-day as I had
forty-eight years ago. Just the same
enjoyment in reading the bee-journals,
and I feel pretty well acquainted with
quite a number of the writers in the
B.B.J. Best wishes to all its readers and
writers."

Dr. Miller had a good many ups and
downs, but was always an optimist, and
by bee culture alone was able to support
his family. He had one son, who, how-
ever, took no interest in bees. Dr. Mil-
ler's experience and erudition caused
him to be frequently consulted, and his
advice was eagerly sought by a great
many bee-keepers, who called him " The
Nestor of American Bee-keeping." He
was well known to our readers by his
writings, which were conversational,
terse,- and to the point, often tinged
with the fun his good nature was unable
to suppress. He was the author of " A
Year Among the Bees," 1885; "Bee-
culture," 1901; "Forty Years Among
the Bees,' 1902; and " Fifty 'Years
Among the Bees," published in 1911.
He was a regular contributor to the
American Bee Journal since 1894,
managing the Question Department of
the Journal, and to Gleanings, where,
since 1890, he contributed the depart-
ment " Stray Straws," which was con-
tinued until last November, when, owing
to failing health, he had to give them
up. "A Thousand Answers to Bee-
keeping Questions,' as answered by him
in the columns of the American Bee
Journal, were compiled by M. G. Dadant
and published in 1917. Dr. Miller has
been a valuable contributor to the bee
journals for many years, and owing to
his worthy character was held in high
esteem by all who knew him. His whole
life was one of unselfish helpfulness, and
we esteem it a jn'ivilege to have been per-
sonally acquainted with him for so many
years. In recognition of his loss the fol-
lowing resolution was unanimously
passed at a largely attended meeting of
the members of the British Bee-keepers'
Association in London on October 21 : —

" The British Bee-keepers' Association
desire to record their sorrow at the news
just received of the death of Dr. G. C.
Miller, at the age "of 89 years, who by
his work and writings ha^d done so much
for bee-keeping, and by his personalty
had endeared himself to those with whom
he came in touch. They also desire to
record their sense of the loss sustained
by the world of bee-keepers Avho A^alued
his advice, and to extend to Mrs. Miller
and family their deepest sympathy in
their bereavement."

The Cause of *' Isle of Wight"
Bee Disease.

IMPOBTANT RESULTS BY INVESTIGATORS AT
ABERDEEN.

We had the pleasure of attending, by
invitation, the meeting of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh, held on Monda\^,
November 1, and hearing Dr. John
Rennie and his collaborators read a
series of papers, illustrated by micro-
photographic lantern slides, on the work
accomplished in their search for the cause
of '■ Isle of Wight " disease "in bees. That
great interest is taken in this work was
proved by the large audience of scientific
men and women present, which included
some of the most noted personalities in
the medical profession.

For some years past an investigation
has been conducted by Dr. John Rennie
and his collaborators. Miss Harvey and
P. Bruce White, B.Sc, under a speci-il
Joint Committee of the University and
the College of Agriculture at Aberdeen,
o^ the cause of " Isle of Wight " bee
disease. The funds necessary to finance
the investigation have been provided
equally by A. H. E. Wood, Esq., of
Glassel, Aberdeenshire, and tlie Develop-
ment Commissioners. In describing the
work the investigators made the impor-
tant announcement that an organism
had been discoA'ered which they con-
sidered had been proved to be the causal
agent in this disease. The authors stated
that this disease had been known in bees
in this country since 1904 at least, and it
was still highly prevalent throughout the
United Kingdom. Since 1907 investiga-
tions have been going on in England, and
for a shorter period in Scotland. Eight
years ago certain English workers
claimed that the causal organism was a
protozoan, named Nosema apis. It was
due to Anderson, of Aberdeen, to stato
that he was the first to call in question
this hypothesis, and more recent work
from the Parasitology Laboratory at
Aberdeen, under the joint committee
above referred to, had shown Nosema
apis to be a harmful parasite to bees,
but not causally related to " Isle of
Wight " disease. This disease had up
till now remained an unsolved problem.
The papers read by the Aberdeen Bee
Researdi staff revealed the existence of
a hitherto unknown type of parasitism
in bees of a remarkable kind. In " Isle
of Wight " disease the respiratory sys-
tem of the bee was invaded by an ex-
tremely small mite. It belonged to a
senus known as Tarsonemus. 'This vn-a-

632

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 4, 1920.

ture, which was specialised in structure,
was bred within the bees and was confined
to an extremely limited but very impor-
tant region of its breathing system.
Within the space of a few cubic milli-
metres scores of these creatui'es might be
found in all stages of development, some-
times packed in dense columns so as effec-
tively to cut off the air siipply from the
surrounding organs. The detailed
pathology described in Mr. White's paper
proved the destructive character of the
parasites' habits. Thousands of bees had
been examined from large numbers of
stocks throughout the country, and it
had been found that every stock reported
by reliable bee-keepers or certified by
the investigators themselves as suffering
from the disease harboured this para-
site. Similarly, every individual bee
known from its stock history and indi-
vidual symptoms to be suffering from
this disease was likewise found to con-
tain these pai"asites and to exhibit the
internal disorders which caused the dis-
abling symptoms. The investigators
stated that they were now able to diag-
nose the disease in its earliest stages
while the bees were capable of flying and
foraging. Infection appeared to occur
mainly in the hive, the conditions of the
cluster making this comparatively easy.
Mites have been obtained from the out-
side of the bee apparently on their mi-
gratory passage. The Tarsonemes in-
cluded several species destructive to
plants, and there were some which have
been found in malignant growths in man
and in animals. The bee Tarsuneme in
its structure appeared to be more closely
allied to these last.

The discovery is most important to bee-
keepers, and it would appear that at long
last the casual agent of this pest has been
run to earth. Other investigators will
now have an opportunity of confirming or
refuting the conclusions of the investiga-
tors at Aberdeen. P<^rsonally, after hear-
ing the papers and seeing the magnificent
microphotographic lantern slides prepared
and shown bv Dr. Rennie, in which not
only had individual parasites been
separated and photographed, but the
trachea was shoAvn in all stages of infec-
tion, and the life history of the mite from
the egg to the perfect creature could be
clearly seen in formation. It seems that
the mite infests the trachea of the thorax
only, entering by the spiracle. Here
breeding takes place until eventually the
trachea becomes partially or wholly
choked. In the latter rase the bee dies
at once, while in the former the bee is
able to crawl, but as it cannot fill its air
sacs it is unable to fly. lu such cases the
faeces are not evacuated, as normally

this is accomplished when the bee is on
the wing, hence the congested condition
of the bowels and consequent staining of
the combs, hive front, and the alighting
board, symptomatic of "Isle of Wight"
disease.

Interesting experiments of blocking up
the thoratical spiracles with wax were de-
scribed, and by this means all the usual
symptoms of " Isle of Wight " disease
were produced. The work is to proceed,
and we sincerely hope that the investiga-
tors will be able to find a cure for the
newly-discovered mite.

Many bees from different countries out-
side Great Britain had been examined,
and so far Tarsonemus had not been found
in these. All the evidence hitherto
obtained points to the parasite in bees
being peculiar to this country. This coin-
cided with the general testimony regard-
inq; the hitherto insular character of
" Isle of Wio-ht " disease. The name of
" Isle of Wight " disease had long been
regarded as unsatisfactory, and it
appeared that Acarine disease would be
more appropriate. In view of the ereat
practical interest shown by Mr. A. H. E.
Wood, of Glassel, in the work of the re-
search and of bee-keeoing generally, the
director of the research proposed to desig-
nate the new species " Tarsonemus woodi."
The investigators recorded their very high
appreciation of the support of bee-keepers
throughout Great Britain and also the
Ministry of Agriculture in supplving bees
and other assistance so essential for the
successful conduct of the research.

We would here like to pay tribute to
the thoroughly conscientious and pains-
taking work of Dr. Rennie, on behalf of
the ci'iaft. He has continued the work,
exploring all possible channels, to find the
cause of the disease, and as each proved
to be wrona: he patiently began all over
again until at last he has apparently suc-
ceeded. His unselfish work, extending
over several years, also refutes the state-
ment made so many times bv irresponsible
persons that no investigation had been
undertaken.

We cannot conclvide without placing on
record the patriotic spirit of Mr. A. H. E-
Wood, without whoso financial support
the work would not have been possible.
We are the more pleased to do this, as
owins: to his unobtrusive method of help-
ing the craft, not only in this case but in
many other ways, and extending over
many years past, his generositv is known
onlv to a few. We can assure bee-keepers
that thev owe a deep debt of gratitude to
this gentleman for the interest he take.s
and the invaluable assistance he has ren-
dered to tho craft.

Nov. 4, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

533

A Dorset Yarn.

In going through the beautiful gardens
when in the West Country, I was struck
by the number of bees that were on the
malvas and verbenas. They seem to like
the beautiful hybrid mah-as just as much
as the old varieties. The old tree mallow,
also the wild native one with rosy pink
flowers, has always been sought for by
bees, but the beautiful coloured ones of
modern times are delightful to see, and
bees visit them freely. The verbenas are
very beautiful, though I think the old
ones that were first brought over from the
temperate parts of America were sweeter
than the ones that are grown to-day7 but
bees seem to like them. I do not know if
much is got from them, or if they are only
attracted by the colour and sweetness
when there is nothing else handy that
suits them better.

Some of the species are considered to
(be very old. It was known to the old
Greeks as the sacred herb, Juno's tears,
and dovewort, supposed to be one of the
flowers dedicated to the Goddess of
Beauty. Venus the Victorious wore a
crown. of myrtle interwoven with verbena,
though the old name by British writers
was vervene or vervain.

" A wreath' of verbene heralds wear,
Among our garlands named."

It was looked on as an emblem of super-
stition. Old Pliny, who wrote on nearly
everything, and was not always right,
wrote that the Druids made use of it in
magical arts : —

" Dark superstition's whisper dread
Debarr'd the spot to vulgar tread ;
For there, she said, did fays resort."

It has been said that the ancient
Druids held their power through the
superstition of the people. Pliny, in his
natural history, says they extracted the
juices of this and other herbs by bruising
and steeping them in wine for potions and
salves. But this is getting away from the
subject of bees; 'tis said in Germany this
is a favourite flower with the bride, and
in olden times thev used to wear a chaplet
over the veil, as if to put her under the
protection of Venus Victorious.

A favourite flower in boyhood's days was
the hollyhock. It has a single flower in
the shape of mallows, and bees are always
visiting this in summer just as long as
they bloom. They seem to like the single
floAvers more than the big double ones ; in
the double flowers the pollen stamens are
converted into extra petals, so one must
Assume that it is mostly pollen that is got
from this plant, but Smith writes that —

" From the hollyhock nectaries
The humble bee, e'en till he faints,
will sip."

This is also a very old plant. Pliny
speaks of this flower in the fourth chapter
of his 21st book, " As a rose growing on
stalks like a mallow.' This flower was
at one time a great favourite, but of late
years, with so many other introductions,
it has lost its old favour. In some old
gardens the single ones seed and have
alwaj's a fine lot of flowers for the Fees in
their season. Old Pliny's description of
them was very good as they were then,
but, of course, years have added to the
size and colour of the flowers ; where they
do well they are noble units of the floral
kingdom, for bees, as well as beauty in
the world of flowers.

Saturday, October 30, brought us a
southerly wind, and the bees were excep-
tionally busy ; they were on ivy flowers on
the house. The big-leaved one, " ETedera
regnerana," has big flowers, and one can
see the tongues of bees going over them
quite plainly. This is close to the hives;
not one was to be seen in the fields — only
close round the house were they seen. —
J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

How wonderful creation is 1 November,
and still the coiintry is clothed in .sum-
mer garments. Roses blossom in the
gardens and dandelions in the fields. Day
by day the sun struggles through the
fog, and bathes the landscape with fire.
Dew pearls and gossamer threads are
evei'ywhere, the sun warms them, and
they seem to vanish. As these vanish
the bees appear, and make merry while
the day is warm, and, moreover, they
come buzzing around one telling of some-
thing amiss. One investigates, and finds
that owing to the late hatching of brood
an immense amount of store has been
consumed, so cakes of candy had to be
given where one hoped it would not be
needed for some time. Robbery is still
not unknown, Italians being great sinners
in this respect. Strange that a nucleus
of Italians should succeed in wearing
down the resistance offered by a strong
stock of Dutch bees, and rob them out.
I hope all bee-keepers will carefully ex-
amine the stocks this autumn, for it will
be found that some colonies which a
month ago had stores in plenty are now
running short. None of us will forget
1920 ; it has been altogether the strangest
year for bees some of us remember.
Everybody is looking hopefully forward to
1921— to "a practical bee-keeper 1921 has
already begun. Failure to see that
stocks deficient in stores — and quite the
majority will be found to be short — are
provided with candy in plenty will cause

534

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 4, 1920.

sad hearts at a later date. It is wise,
too, to kill the queen wasps which have
found their way into the coverings over
the brood nests. I opened seven hives
this morning, and found qtieen wasps in
each one. Within their little bodies they
carry whole colonies of wasps, which
will try the patience of bee men next
year, and, rememberng that queen wasps
make their nests within easy distance of
their hibernating places, it will be seen
how important it is to destroy these
pests.

One stll sees a little brood in vigorous
hives, but it is doubtful whether m.uch
more will be raised until next February
or thereabouts. Last winter one of my
queens began depositing eggs early in
January; but I'm not expecting a repeti-
tion of this, as I fear the weather will
not be quite mild enough. Referring to
Dr. Strong's playful banter that I should
present a stock of my bees to the Meteoro-
logical Society to enable that august
body to forecast the weather, I may say
that last year I was consulted by an
expert in meteorology as to how he
might be able, by watching bees, to de-
cide what weather the little insects were
expecting. I have once or twice re-
marked that, in my opinion, while bees
can sense the average condition of the
weather for a season ahead, they are not
able to tell what the weather of the
morrow will be ; as instance (this Dr.
Strong has remarked) the issuing of
swarms during a short sTJell of sunshine
on a very showery day. We all know
that if our bees were shipped over to
Australia that they would very soon
cease any attempt at storing surplus,
sensing ahead that the winters would
not be severe and the honey flow cease,
as in this country. Judging merely by
the honey harvest this season, one would
say the winter would be very short, and
spring flowers apjDear with the first
month of the New Year ; but we know
that had the weather allowed it our honey
flies would have hives overflowing with
surplus. Think of the comb building
which has gone on this summer and the
amount of comb space the workers de-
manded in the brood chamber for storing
the nectar, which the inclement weather
prevented their harvesting. It's an ill
wind that blows no good, and no doubt
weakling stocks in trees, towers and roofs
will not survive the winter ahead of us.
This may help the bee diseases bill and
save much cyanide of potassium. There
is an element of danger if this happens.
Swarms escaping the vigilant eyes of
bee-keepers may choose the very spots
where the defunct colonies lived, and so
become diseased. This does not, however,
always happen. I know of one case

where bees in an ash tree were badly
afflicted with " I.O.W. " disease, and be-
came so decimated that wasps came along
and finished the colony. The next year
a swarm took possession, cleared out all
dead bees and litter, and set to work to
establish itself, and so far those bees have
been very vigorous, throwing out two or
three swarms a season, some of which
have been taken, and have done well.
For my part, however, I never take a
strange swarm unless it be to destroy it.
A friend of mine once took a stray swarm
which settled in a garden hedge, and
hived it. Within a week the dread
symptoms manifested themselves, and
within three months the whole apiary —
eleven stocks — had succumbed.

How true it is bees do nothing in-
variably. Last week I was looking
through a few hives of a friend, and
found one stock had made a delightful
bee way of wax walls over the top of the
frames. Evidently there appears now
and again, even among bees, an inven-
tive genius who outlines the scheme which
others follow.

I shall have to throw a book at the head
of that compositor. He omitted a whole
line of my Jottings last week. Doubtless
he would often like to do the same to
me — bad writing, overlinin-g, and the
rest must make him feel angry, so will
just cry quits. — E. F. Hemming, Steeple
Gidding.

Gotswold Notes.

May I be permitted to give some details
of a scheme which I think has certain
possibilities for increasing the honey yield
in some of the varied localities in which
bees are kept.

Among B.B.J, readers there must
be many experimentalists, and to these I
commend this plan, or such modifications
of it as necessary for one's own particular
locality or circumstances.

It is, however, a sound, workable idea,
and especially suited to out-apiary
management.

The essentials are as follows: —

(1) A supply of early queens, or, as an
alternative, a supply of ripe cells.

(2) Extracted honey production should
be worked for, and the hives should have
interchangeable brood chambers, and
supers of deep or shallow frames. Hives
of the " W.B.C." type would be ideal.

(3) Localities where late flows pre-
dominate, such as from limes, charlock,
or the late variety of white clover, which
yields well into August, and the heather.
Fruit honey is, of course, helpful in build-
ing up the bees strongly.

Between mid-May and June 7, accord-

Nov. 4, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

535

ing to the season, strong ten-comb colonies
are split ud into three divisons, each
division being placed in a separate hive
and stood one on each side of the parent
colony.

The divisions are then numbered 1, 2,
and 3. The old queen should be taken
with one of the moved portions, and each
of the two fresh nuclei should have their
entrance stuffed with grass to prevent the
return of all the field bees to their parent
colony.

The queenless nuclei, or 2 and 3, should
then be given a fertile queen.

These queens are on loan only for the
purpose of producing a large population
on the assumption that when properly sup-
ported three queens will lay more eggs
than one, no matter how young or
vigorous she may be.

It is therefore necessary to make the
little nuclei feel as self-supporting as pos-
sible by ensuring that the combs contain
some stores, and a fair proportion of
emergijig brood, and that they are dum-
mied up tightly during the first ten days
of their existence.

If the nuclei are formed, say, about
May 23, young workers from the new
queen will be flying in great numbers five
to six weeks later, or proportionately
earlier if made in mid-May. As soon as
each division is full Avith brood on ten
combs you can proceed.

Remove the queen from No. 1, set an
excluder and sheet of paper over the
frames of No. 2, then place the entire
brood chamber on top, at the same time
givii*g a super of shallow frames to accom-
modate the surplus field bees.

If there is settled warm weather this
large population will soon require a second
shallow super, besides filling the upper
brood combs with honey as fast as the
young beer, emerge.

The upper brood-nest should be opened
or propped up for ten minutes occa-
sionally, because unless the drones are
allowed to escape many will die ; and the
excluder becoming clogged will seriously
impede the passage of honey-laden
workers.

No. 3 division can now be united to the
tiered colonv, putting the brood chamber
on top of all the supers already in posi-
tion.

The population is now at its strongest
just at the ri2:ht time, the laying queen
in the lower brood chamber keeping up a
constant supply of bees, and at the same
time it restricts the area of brood when
the season is past its prime.

If the weather is stormy the work of
adding each storey of brood can be delayed
till it appear.? that honey is being
rapidly gathered, when both chambers can

be added at one operation to ensure a
heavy force of fielders.

The queens, which become spare on the
hrood-chambers being de-queened, can be
introduced to newly-formed nuclei, or
otherwise saved till wanted for autumn
re-queening.

There is practically no swarming with
this plan, and to keep a large force of
bees intact is one of the essential elements
of the successful production of surplus.

It would be interesting to hear the
views of bee-keepers on the idea outlined
above. — A. H. Bowen, Cotswold Apiaries,
Cheltenham.

Queens on Strike.

Whatever is the matter with queens
thi.-, season? Frequent references have
been made in the Journal to hives being
found to be queenless, but no satisfac-
tory explanation appears to be forth-
coming of what seems to be largely
epidemic. Perhaps, if readers would give
their own experience, it might help to-
wards a solution; at any rate_ here is
mine and some others.

About the third week in August I
united two stocks, one a very strong one,
headed by a fine young queen ; the other
rather weak and the queen past her best.
The method adopted was the brown-paper
one: the stocks united quite peacefully,
and all appeared to be well. The old
queen was, of course, removed before
uniting, and both hrood chambers con-
tained a fair amount of brood. I had
previously ascertained that the young
queen was there alright.

After enjoying a three weeks' holiday,
I opened up the hive, to find no brood
whatever, no eggs, and no signs of a
queen. A second examination revealed
exactly the same thing. I thereupo,!
sought the advice of our local expert, •< nd
tf>gether Ave went through the hive, on
two separate occasions without any sj'tis-
factory result Several further searches
failed Kr discover any trace of her majesov,
and I then vvrote a friend in Kent, ask-
ing if by chance he happened to have a
spare queen. He replied that ho had been
through his hives, and fouijd exactly the
same state of affairs obtained: and other
beekeepers to whom he mentioned the
matter complained that they were in a
similar plight,, several of their hives
hoinp; evidentlv OTieenless.

To my surprise, T received a card a
few days later from the local expert to
say that, after my experience, he had
been through his hives, and also found no
trace of brood or eggs, and suggested that

636

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Nov. 4, 1920.

apparently the queens had all " gone on
strike."

However, my Kentish friend wrote me
a fortnight since that he had disposed of
a nucleus, and, as the purchaser required
it for strengthening purposes^ and, there-
fore, did not want the queen, I could
have her if I would go over and take hev.
On my visit, we went very carefully
through all his hives, but found no queens,
OT trace of them, in any but the nucleus
referred to. I brought away the royal
lady, as my friend said he should not
worry about the other hives; having seen
the bees carrying in pollen until quite
recently, he thought that, after all, tlie
queens might be there — -if not, he shoulJ
obtain some direct from Italy in the
spring. Is the carrying in of pollen an
infallible sign, Mr. Editor, that a queen
is "at home"? [No, it is not an in-
fallible sign that the queen is there. —
Eds.] Before introducing her into my
hive, however, I went through it again,
lest, j>erchance, I might still have made a
mistake. This final examination placed
the question beyond all reasonable doiibt,
and on Sunday week I introduced her.
Nothing has been seen of her having been
thrown out, and it is now tolerably cer-
tain that the hive iWJs queenless, and
that the new queen has been accepted. I
have not opened up to see, as I had
already packed it up for ohe winter, and
merely lifted the quilt sufficiently to with-
draw the cage. The springtime will
continue the story.

Last year in October, T had plenty of
brood in the hive; this year there is none,
and no young bees. Successful winter-
ing, therefore, does not look very hopeful.

Altogether, among the beemen T have
mentioned, some dozen to twenty hives
are apparently queenless this autumn.
What is the explanation, and what can
have happened to all the queens?

Since writing the above I have had an
interesting chat with one of the prize-
winners at the Dairy Show, and he also
stated that queenless hives had been quite
a common thing in his district this season.

A. E. C.

Echoes from the Hives.

BEE NOTES FROM BUCKS.

, T have seen frequent reports in the
" B.B..T." as to this being a had season
for honey Bucks has fared very well
with strong stocks in the early part of
the season. A fair quantitv of extrncted
honey and sections were obtained. There
were not many beekeepers in this sleepy
district up to this last season, but I am
pleased to say I have enrolled over 20 new
members for the Bucks B.K.A., and

hoping for another 20 in the spring.
Wake up, Bucks!

I must say it has been a bad time to
start with swarms, I did not get them
until late June and early July, hut I hope
to pull them through. Some started with
stocks of Italians, which have done very
well. They are out-and-out good workers.
I have not seen any " I.O.W." disease in
my district this season, I am pleased to
say. A, E. Wabren,

Simpson, Bletchley.

British Bee-Keepers*
Association.

The monthly meeting of the Council was
held at the Central Hall, Westminster, on
October 21, 1920. Mr. T. W. Cowan pre-
sided, and there were also present: — Miss
M. D. Sillar, Sir Ernest Spencer, Messrs.
W. F. Reid, H. Jones, A. G. Pugh, G. J.
Flashman, W. H. Simms, J. Herrod-
Hempsall, G. W. Judge, G. Bryden, and
G. E. Alder. Association representatives :
E. Ff. Ball (Bucks), Col. H. F. Jolly
(Somerset), J. Price (Staffordshire), W.
E. Moss (Leicestershire), G. Thomas (Cam-
bridge), W. E. Hamlin, E. G. Waldock
(Surrey), R. R. Babbage (Middlesex), F.
W. Frusher (Lines), J. Pearman (Derby),
H. P. Whistler, and the secretary,
W. Herrod-Hempsall.

Letters of regret at inability to attend
were read from Messrs. C P. Jarman and
C. L. M. Eales.

The minutes of the previous meeting
were read and confirmed.

The following new members were elec-
ted: — Lady A. Donaldson, Miss H. Adam,
Miss D. Adam, Messrs. J. Jackson, W. C.
White, J. Hill, H. F. Swann, and Capt.
Christie-Crawford.

Reports on preliminary examinations
were presented, and it was resolved to
grant certificates to the following : — Mrs.
^. Lusty, Misses E. Taunton, L. Meek,
M. Garstang, D. Imray, O. Corsar, M.
Gubbbns, F. Walkington, E. Moller, M.
Blanch, F. Williamson, E. Sikes, M.
Alford, L. Hake, Rev. M. Yate Allen, Dr.
W. T. Henderson, Messrs. J. J. Hogbin,
W. Wilson, J. F. Clarkson, J. Henry, R.
H. Just, J. E. Giles, J. Watson Eggle-
stone, R. Casson, W. E. Deacon, R. Todd,
M. T. Todd, C. H. Jones, C. F. Davies,
C. Tredcroft, 0. E. Howell, C. Godfrey,
G. H. Seamen, G. F. Stapleton, J. H.
Landin, W. B. Towler. A. Cant, T. J.
Sharpe, and Sergt. E. Hodson.

Payments amounting to .£6 were recom-
mended.

Next meeting of Council November 18,
1920. At 23, Bedford Street, Strand,
London, W.C.2.

Nov. 4, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

637

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the oviniona expressed bjj correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and gire their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

"I.O.W." and Other Diseases.

[10320] From the con-espondencey re-
cently published on the subject of
" I.O.W." and other crawling diseases, it
Avould appear that these complaints have
again - become very prevalent in this
country. As in many districts, the honey
flow has failed and starvation will pro-
bably result, the prospects of successfiil
wintering are very black, and many good
results of the re-stocking schemes will be
nullified.

Many alleged cures for "I.O.W."
disease have been brought forward, but
considerable scepticism should be shown
in accepting these, until it has been
proved, by careful experiment and micro-
scopical examination, that those cases in
which cures are claimed are cases of ti'ue
"I.O.W." disease, and also that the so-
called cures would not have occurred with-
out any treatment whatever.

In many cases under observation, where
severe crawliner symptoms were noted
together with dislocated wings and other
symptoms, the stocks have recovered with
out any medical treatment. Other cases
have been fed with syrun containing one
of the advertised antiseptics, but no
anpreciable difference was noted between
these and the rases in which plain sugar
syrup- was .used.

Though the use of nntiseptics will pro-
bably have good results as a preventive
measure, there is. so fnr as can be seen,
no evidence to show that these are of
value in the ciiring of bees already
attacked by disease.

From the detnils of the cases recently
oublished in " B.B.T.," it appears pro-
bable that, where cares have been claimed,
these have been dx/e to the hatching out
of healthy voung bees, and not to the
restoration to health of the bees affected
by disease.

This can readilv be proved bv the re-
oueenine of the s+ork immediatelv on the
aprtearance of disen=e — a black queen
beinpf rpplaced bv a golden, and virf
vrrx/i, thus ensuring a marked difference
of the colour of the old and young bees.
Although a reliable remedy for these

diseases would 'be of the greatest value
to the beekeeping fraternity, of far greater
importance is the determination of the
conditions under which bees can be kept
free from disease.

A great amount may be learned by
careful observation of the conditions of
the stocks in which disease has appeared,
and experiments should be carried out to
determine whether the disease shows
itself cin ai-tificiallly reproducing ?these
conditions in healthy stocks.

Durinar 1020 some of the conditions
favourable to disease have been deter-
mined, and tho symptoms produced in
previousl;^ healthy sti.cks on reproducing
these conditions. Unfortunately, the
space available does not permit of the
full details of these cases, and general
outlines only can be given.

The experiments which have been
carried out during several years show the
great importance of properly-reared
oueens of a relia'ble strain in which
Italian blood lareely predominates. This
strain must not be inbred to any extent,
otherwise the disease resistancy deterior-
ates verv considerablv.

A prolonged period of queenlessness. or
the nse of non-prolific queens (resulting
in the presence of a laro-e proportion of
oil bees> must be avoided.

Indiscriminate swarming must 'be pre
vented, as this results in the isolation of
the older bees, and the swarms are
therefore very subiect to the disease.

Stocks from which the swarms have
hepu produced may remqin oueenless, or
witb "unmated oueens, for a long period
during had wenther, when the rondition<i
fgi'onrable for disease are again obtained.
Though the disease is most noticeable
dnrinor the summ^'r and autumn months.
tb<^ chief losses occur during the winter,
wl'en, in manv cases, the stocks consist of
old hoes of poor disease-resisting aualities.
These losses are lar.qelv prevented bv
intensive bvood-prodnction in the autumn,
thus eTiSuring both the presence of healthv
voung bees which have done no anpre-
ciahle work, and which are absolutelv
necessary for satisfactory wintering: and
the phcr>nre of old worn-out bees, as these
are killed off by the work entailed in
raising the largo amount of l^rood.

The nrcience of these oM heos is not
(Irsirahlr in anv case, as, in addition to
their being of verv slin^ht use for winter-
incr nurnnses, the" are liahlo to dvsenterv.
•'^ O.W." disease and similar complaint?
Tht^ presence of a lorse nercentage of
old bees i<: a no«itive danger, as there is
a great probabilitv of their causing
dvsenterv, etc.. to spread to the other
occupants of the hive.

.\. M. StuRgks, rheshire.

538

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Nov. 4, 1920.

Plants for Bees-

[10330] Four years ago a friend gave
me a small quantity of trailing thyme.
This thyme grows very close to the
ground, or will cover rocks very quickly.
I use it as a border to the garden, and
during the summer it spreads about 4
to 6 ins. over the path. It blossoms in
July, continuing in full bloom for about
a month, with a mass of tiny pink blos-
soms. The bees simply revel in it, and
to walk down the garden when it is
out and the sun is shining would gladden
the heart of any bee-keeper, the mass
of pink bloom, looking like heather^ is
simply humming with joyous life.

I have just been cutting it back from
the path, and have got about two bari-ows
full that I could dispense with. It
seems such a pity to dry and burn it,
when it might be useful to readers of
The British Bee Journal. If any
county secretary would care to have and
distribute some to their members I
should be pleased to forward some on,
plus carriage ot postage. — A. Musto,
Norton, Stourbridge, Worcs.

An Appreciation from Scotland.

[10331] 1 feel I must write to let you
know how much I appreciate the writings
of our friend Eev. Hemming.

It would be difficult to say whether
it is the artistic temperament or poetic
sentiment which is the ruling passion
of his nature. The exquisite way in
which he describes his surroundings
makes each of his writings a beautiful
poem, and reminds me of the delicious
little paper, the Country Side, which is
now, I am sad to say, extinct. Although
I do not give in to him in some of his
arguments, such as "tanging," I thor-
oughly enjoy his beautiful language and
soulful expression.

As regards "tanging," I have always
understood that bees 'have no ears, and
if you were to blow an engine whistle
beside the hive I do not think it would
make one atom of difference to the bees.
I was almost going to say "if you fired
a cannon," but a cannon makes vibration
both in the air and earth, and they cer-
tainly would not like that.

I would not like to even jar the hive
or stamp my foot beside it without
having my veil on. Oh, no!

If I M'cre to breathe in the entrance
T would get the same effect, perhaps
worse.

I may state here that the bees I had
examined at your office for "I.O.W."
disease have been destroyed.

During the time I was waiting for
a reply I had the entrance closed up,
but somehow the bees managed to get in,
as I had i!iot time to look to them at

the moment. The whole of the honey
was taken to the other hives, and the
combs were torn to a great extentj but
I am glad to say that none of the others
are affected in the slightest degree, all
liealthy and full of vigour. I did not
know about the " onion cure " at the time
of my trouble, or I should certainly have
put it into practice. If this was so well
Ivnown as our friend Hemming says, why
is it not mentioned in any of our latest
text-books?

It is decidedly a common-sense propo-
sition all through. For example, what
would be the good of rubbing embroca-
tion on one's arm for appendicitis?

As this is an internal trouble it must
have internal treatment. I do not think
that external spraying is as necessary
as the attention to the internal organs.

To my mind, the only way to beat down
the disease is to. stop the introduction of
foreigners, Avhieh are certainly weaken-
ing the vitality of our own bees, and to
have recourse to the onion at the first
suspicion, as it seems to- be the best cure,
from a common-sense point of view, that
M'e have ever had. — Joseph C Wood,
Dalbeattie, N.B.

Re Hives.

[10332] I m interested in what Mr.
Kettle states about small hives. It is a
matter I noticed the year before last,
and I at once ordered the large 12-frame
hives which have been most successful.
Ijarge colonies that can well protect them-
selves and excellent for wintering down.
This year I experimented with a large
swarm in a Tickner Edward hive, and
am most pleased with it. It is of a stent
make, cosy in summer and warm in
winter. A good idea is the glass dummy ;
one can see when to put the supers on,
and when bees are on the eleventh comb,
One can see by dropping the back without
disturbing the bees, but it is important
not to keep it open too long as bees don't
like the light. I have a large hive with
21 in. between supers and outer casing
which is a great boon.

Regarding Italian bees and " Isle of
Wight " disease, I have no love for the
pure Italian. Give me a well-known
hybrid which will stand any kind of
weather and disease. Regarding , this
disease, if only bee-keepers would keep
a standard frame with tin troughs filled
with warm " Bacterol " and place it in
th y brood nest. It gives oflf fumes, and
bees also value it, and one can soon see
the difference. I tried it on a friend's
hive which had crawlers, and it took no
time to right things. The entrance was
closed up, and wire cloth board over
brood, so they could get air, with a vety

Nov. 4, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

539

fine cheese-cloth quilt over it. I should
advise every bee-keeper to have one of
these splendid inventions. I sincerely
hope this advice will he taken note of,
as I am only too willing to help all I can.
Regarding " Bacterol," always spray
outside hives or inside when warmed. I
like "Bacterol," as it's a pure medi-
cine one can take oneself if needed.
Giving bees unnatural stuff, the smell of
which in their food they don't like, does
no good. Giving vinegar in syrup makes
me .smile. Where on earth do bees get
vinegar or melted sugar in their natural
life ?

A CORRECTION.

Three-colour process for lantern slides
in photography (.p. 508) is incotrrect, as
a slow exposure has to be made so as to
get three negatives fitting truly tO' each
other. Landscape and still life can only
be taken with tJie beautiful real natural
effect of colour on the tliree-coloured posi-
tives, which are transiparent, cutting clean
out the ultra violet rays, which is the bug-
bear of photography.— C. Tredcroft.

Queries reaching this office not later than
FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING will, if
possible, be answered in the " Journal " the fol-
lowing Thursday. Those arriving later will be held
over until the following week. Only SPECIALLY
URGENT Queries will be replied to by post if
a STAMPED addressed envelope is enclosed. All
queries must be accompanied by the name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publica-
tion, but as a guarantee of good faith. Corre-
spondents are requested to write on one side of
the paper only.

Missing Queen.

[9^12] I shall be very grateful if you
can tell me where I went wrong in the
following, also what I can do against the
wasps.

I had a medium-sized swarm early in
August, which I decided to re-queen with
a Government Italian queen, which I was
daily expecting.

The queen arrived a fortnight later.
I took out a good frame of brood, and
some of honey with the bees on them, and
put them on a new stand. Next day I
put the Italian queen over them in the
travelling cage. This hive I will call A.

The old bees were left on the old stand
with a couple of empty combs, combs with
honey, and the laying queen, as I wanted
to keep her in case I failed in introducing
the Italian queen ; or, if I succeeded. I
want-ed to give her to another bee-keeper.
This hive I will call B.

I was successful in introducing the
Italian queen, and so commenced moving
hive B 2 ft. a day, preparatory to uniting
to hive A. Wasps were very troublesome,
but all hives appeared to be keeping them
at bay. About the fourth day I notijjd
that the bees, which had been flying freely
from hive B, had suddenly stopped doing
so, SO' that evening I examined the hive.
To my dismay I found the floorboard
covered with dead bees and wasps, every
scrap of honey gone, and the remaining
bees and queen half starved.

In a very short time I had them all
sprinkled with warm syrup, and had a
bottle feeder over them. I closed the
entrance to one bee-way, instead of 1 in.,
with a piece of glass in front of it, and
seme dry grass at each side of the glass.

The next day the bees were flying well
once again ^ but about 12 o'clock I found
the queen with about a dozen bees some
2 ft. from the hive. I put her back in
the hive, right into the cluster.

About five o'clock that afternoon I
again found the queen out with some bees,
some 12 ft. from the hive. This time, as
there was no brood in the hive, I put in
a comb with a small patch of brood from
another hive, and put the queen on this.
I also opened the entrance to about 3 in.,
and covered same with perforated zinc.

Three days later I took the zinc off
again and gave an entrance of one bee-way
only, and two davs after this I examined
the hive again, but the queen had dis-
appeared, and I failed to find her dead or
alive. I do not think the bees had killed
her, as each time I found her outside the
hive they were perfectly friendly with her,
and appeared to he guarding her, sur-
rounding her as though they were feeding
and cleaning her. But why wouldn't she
stav in the hive?

I have now united hives B and A: there
was barely a quart of bees left in the
former.

My bees are all having a vcrx bad time
with the wasps, and T have had to fasten
up this hive (A) with perforated zinc to
save them. T have tried hay. glass, car-
bolic, the long passage, as given in the
JouRNAT., but nothing stops them, and for
everv wasp killed bv the bees I should say
two bees lose their lives.

I am catchinjr a^reat numbers in traps,
but T cannot find their nests, as, although
T have tried bv flonrins; the wasps. T
cannot follow their flight owinsr to trees.

Bv the wav, T have tranped a gre^t
number of large wasps. Would these be
" ■''rone" wasns or ciueens?

T have not taken an ounce of honev from
mv three hives +hi<; season, and shnll have
t^o f<>ed them all, as thev have hnrdlv anv
stored. T have not heard of anyone

540

THE BEmsH BEE JOUKNAL.

Nov. 4, 19'20.

taking surplus this year iu this neighbour-
hood, and fancy all will have to feed their
stocks. — Anxious, Montgomeryshire.

Eeply. — We are unable to account for
the behaviour of the queen. There is no
doubt the hive had been robbed out^ and
this probably had something to do with
it. It was not througli any fault of yours
except that the nucleus could have been
formed close by the old hive and thus
saved moving it later.

We don't know what other measures you
can take against the wasps beyond closing
the Jiive entirely during the day and
allowing the bees to fly towards evening,
when the wasps are not flying so much,
but for this you would need a "Claustral"
chamber or other means of giving plenty
of ventilation.

The large wasps may be queens ; they are
much larger than the workers.. The
drones are a little larger than workers,'
and may he distinguished by the length
of the ant-ennse, which are much longer
than those of qiieens or workers.

Bee Shows to Come.

November 18.— Annual Show of the Worce9t«r
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Koot and
Honey Society. Thirteen Open Claeses In Honey
Section.— Schedules from Geo. Bichings, 42, Bar-
bourne Boad, Worcester. ZSntrles close Novem-
ber 6.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as " BusU
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per Jirt., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVEBTISEaWINTS.

G

OOD GLAZIER'S DIAMOND, perfect, 8s. 9d.—
HUBBARDE, North Kilworth, Rugby . k.46

FOR SALE, three June Swarms in boxes with
storee, pure Italians ,with wao Queens. What
offers or exchange for poultry ?—MURCH, Ring-
more Road, Shaldon, Teignmouth. k.47

T^ANTED, 28 Ibe. or 56 Ibe. good quality English
T T Honey. State lowest price, carriage paid.—
D. IJT. CUTHBERTSON, Finmere. Buckingham.

r.k.50

OO LBS. of pure Heather Honey in coml), 2s. 3d.
*J^ lb.; 2 dozen 1-lb. canons pressed Heather
Houey, 2s. 3d. each.— W. WOODS, Normandy, near
Guilaford. k.48

LANTERN SLIDES supplied for Lectures on
Bee-keeping, practical and scientific. Also
i!iulargem©nts for demonstration purposes. Prints
on approval.— REV. G. H. HEWlSON, Marr
Vicarage, Donoasier. k.51

WANTED, eingle and double Conqueror Hives;
must be good condition and Simmins' dimen-
sions.—BLACK, Fernhill Heath, Worcester. ^ k.62

APIARY of 26 strong, well-stocked Hives foi
Sale, also ail Stores and Appliances; owner
going abroad.— GORDON, Tedfola. Billingshurst,
Sussex. _ k.53

ADVERTISER wishes to buy for delivery next
June quantity 3-frame Nuclei, Italian or
Hybrid. — Write, S'tating number can supply with
price. Box 108, B.B.J. Office, 23, JBedford Street,
Strand, W.C2. k.54

BEESWAX for Sale, guaranteed pure, 3J cwt.
What offer?— HIGH TENSION CO., 64,
Belvedere Road, London. k.55

BROTHER BEE-KEEPERS with spare tijne
wishing to commence in the Retail Fish
Business write J. W. ELVIDGE, Wholesale Fish
Merchant, Grimsby. r.h.239

PURE LIGHT CAMBRIDGE HONEY (guaran-
teed), 14-lb. tins, 30s.; 28-lb. tins, 67s. 6d., car-
riage paid.— YOUNG, 42, James Street, Cambridge.

r.k.43

BEESWAX, pure, for Sale, 5 cwt., packed In
J-cwt. bags, £8 16s. per cwt. net, f.o.r.
London.— Apply, Box 104, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, W.C.2. r.j.20

BUSINESS ADVEKTISEIBXENTS.
l^d. per word.

MASHEATH MEMS.— " Herewith cheque for
Masheath Hive. I never felt so happy in
paying for anything I possess.- A. S."— ATKIN-
SON, Fakenham. k.56

ELITMAN having purchased one of the Somer-
• set Re-stocking Apiaries, can book strong
Nuclei for delivery May and June, 1921. All Stocks
headed by imported or home-reared from proved
prolific queens. Plana, Peuna, and Bozzalla strains.
Doolittle and Sladen's methods employed rearing.
Delivery in strict rotation, with tested or untested
Queens as desired. Avoid disappointment. Book
now. £1 with order, balance when ready.— Castle
Cary, Somerset. j.37

NO SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— Plavine
Candy, made in Cambridge, and tne
wrappers bear our name, 6 lbs., lis. 3d., postage
paid; larger quantities. Is. 6d. per lb., carriage
extra; sample Is. 6d., post paid.— S. H. SMITH,
30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge.

EAUTIFUL CANDY, 6 lbs., lOs. 6d., delivered.
— BOWEN, Coronation, Cheltenham. j.3«J

B

HAVE YOF BEAD "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why notP Every number in itself i«
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE API* CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

AUSTRALIAN HONEY FOB FEEDING
BEES.— Cases containing two tins, about
60 lbs. each, llOs. per case; 1 tin 568., carriage paid
100 miles. Remittances with orders.— SOUTH-
WOOD, 95, Acton Vale, London. rJi.190

Nov. 4, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

ill

WIOHT" DISEASE.— Preventioa and removal.
Advice 58.— ALF. EYALL, Cottage Farm,
near Camp, Stroud. j.5

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliancee for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE, Marl-
borough. rh.l31

JOT DOWN ibe deScieneies of yoar present
equipment and your needs for future improved
working. Then book for " MASHEATK "
(Regd.) Equipment for autumn conetrnction.

The MASHEATH IiIST contains an nnlqne
series of Hives unequalled to>day. Ton should
not enter upon another bee season without them.

" The Hives (Porchless Maeheaths) are excellent
in every way, and I am very pleased indeed with
them. ■ PORCHIiESS I ' Yes, every time. Need
I say more ? 1 will get you to send me two more."
— W. F.. June 17. 1920.

The MASHEATH HIVES TAZiK as soon as
they are delivered.

ATKINSON, ^"s^MSker"" Fakenham.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W. HEXBOB-HXUPSAIiXi. 93, B«4ford
Btrest, Strand, ZK>ndon, W.C.8.

Finest Grade New Zealand Honey

(Amber)

For Bee Feeding. Guaranteed Pure.

Cases, each 2-60 lb. nominal Tins. 95/- per cwt.

Carriage paid.

Cash with order or on receipt of goods.

N.B. We are already supplying Beekeepers'

Associations throughout the Country and shall

be pleased to quote references.

The Bristol and Dominions Producers'
Association, Ltd., Bristol.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR. EXCHANGE & MART

NewBptiper.
Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams BnildiH*. LONDON. E.C.2.

1920 — QUEENLAND LIST — 1921

In reply to many requests coming in for our Premier White Star Queens for the Season 1921, we

beg to state that early delivety may not be offered, as a certain number of orders have been

carried over (by request) from previous season for first 1921 delivery, in consequence of the

unfavourable weather for queen-mating.

Our Premier White Star Nucleus Stocks

will be offered as usual, and at former price ; but the charges for Queens have been revised, and
include the offer of well-bred and selected Virgin Queens of this renowned strain.

Full Queenland Descriptive Circular 4d., The Revised List only (to those having 1920 List, 2d..

post free,
Of S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HE.\THFIELD, SUSSEX.

Bees and Beekeeping Appliances. Catalogue free.
EDWARD J. BURTT. MANUFACTURER. GLOUCESTER.

1 very much re/ret that there has been a large increase m the cost of the manufacture oj bee-
appliances, and therefore my prices will be advanced 10}c from May 10th. Bocks excepted.

a

RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

2/9 per Pottle.

Post Free.

The cure for. and p.eventive of.

■■ isle ol Wight" Uiuease.

Non-poisonoua — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

BAC.EROL LIMITED

19/25. BrooktiJe Rd , Highjate. N.19.

POSITIVE FACTS.

June 1 3///, 1920.

I am very pleased with the fountlation. The bees undoubtedly pr^ftr it to any other malie I have, and have
even Eone the lenEth of iriissmg two sheeis ol other new foundation, and wcrking out a sheet of yours placed
behind them «l the back ol the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in 16 x 10 frames

Yours faithfully. R B. MANLbY.

Illustrated Lists free by vast.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Aoiary, BROMLEY, Kent

ir THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Nov. 4, 1920.

li

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at

Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods.

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives.

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate

despatch.

CANDY. Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Price 1/6 per i-lb.,

carriage extra.

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION.

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used.

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an

Apiary," post free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee App li ance Makers,
WORMIT, FIFE.

Telegrams : — " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wprmit.

ETi

gggggglgggggilglggggggggl^lglgl^ggglggggggeggg

1

BE^E^ OANDY.

WE are now able to supply CANDY OF OUR
OWN MAKE from guaranteed Pure White
Refined Cane Sugar. In 1-lb. boxes with glass tops.
It can be had plain or medicated with either " Yadil "
or "Bacterol."

PRICES.
71b. 11/-, postage 1/3

141b. 21/6, postage 2/6

281b. 42/-, postage 5/-

1121b. £8 8s., packed free, carriage

forward.

BEE FOOD SUGAR VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex.

PSINTBD BY THB AVBNDi PeKSS (L. TJpOOTI GiLL & SON, LTD.), 65-67, DeUE* LaNB, LONDON. W.C., AND

Published fob thi Pbofrietok (W. Heeeod-Hempball), bv Bihfein, Mabbhall. iHamuton,
Kent & Co.. Ltd., SI & 32. Paiebnobtib Sow. £.0.

Bbitisb Beb JouENAi AND Beb-kbepeeb' ADVISEE, November 11, 1920.

No. 2003. Vol. XLVni

NOVEMBER 11, 1920. IPublished every Thursdav, Price 2d.

COmiHEi^tTS.

Using Antiseptics

British Bee-keepees' Association Conver-
sazione

A Boeset Yarn

Jottings from Huntingdonshiee

Weathee Report

Do Bees "Do Nothing Invariably"

A Day with a Hon. Disteict Seceetaev

Notes from East Somerset

PAGE

541

541
542
543
544
544
546
547

FAOB

Notes from Gretna Green 548

North Lincolnshire Notes 648

Bee-keeping in Staffordshire 549

Kent B.K.A. Show at Rochester 549

Correspondence —

A Few Notes 550

Thanks to 'Mr. A. H. E. Wood 551

Queries and Replies—

Scientific Wintering 551

Notices TO Correspondents 551

OWING to the FALL in the COST OF SUGAR
WE ARE IN A POSITION TO SUPPLY

PINK (MEDICATED OR PLAIN)

SOFT
OANDY

Made from Guaranteed Pure Cane Sugar.

NO VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

1/5 per lb. (71b. parcel post free, 11/-)
(101b. do. do. 15/6)

E. H. TAYLOR, LTD., WELWYN, HERTS.

11

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 11, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Office : 23, Bedford Street, Strand. London, W.C.2.

ESTABLISHBO 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAIT, P.L.S., &c.,
and J. HEBROD-KE3VEFSAI.Ii, F.E.S.

Coppespondence : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SubSCPiptions. — Annual Subscription,
lOs. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult 'to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Eemittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM*

Yon are advised to insist on this being ased when
dealing with strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carejully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatcJied nntil notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing'
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
ot the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2J
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Foetal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Foetal Orders (drawn on General
Fost Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and croesed " London
County and Westminster Bank." The Dombers of
ihe Postal OtdeM nhould be kept by the Bender

on i

.?1

We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances. — In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hoia
casb until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt witt
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Caoh in fall most be sent with order.

Postage

A Modem Be« Farm 7/6 ... 8^d.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Advanced Bfl« Culture

(Hutchinson) 6/- ... 64d.

Beginner's Bee Booik (PtLLcrr) 5/* ... 4d.
BEE-KEEPING SIUEPIilFIED
FOB THE COTTAGER AND

sacAij:aioi.DEB (W. hiskod-

HsMPSiLL, F.E.S.) 1/- ... 2d.

BRITISH BEE • KEEPEBS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers 2/6 ... 3d.

Cloth covers ~ 3/6 ... 4d.

Dissectible Slodel of Queen
Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FEBTIIiISATION OF FBT7IT
BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.
CowAN) -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hops) ... •/& ... Id.

Honey Vinegar (Bev. G. Bances) •/2 ... Id.

How to Keep Bees (Anna B.
Oomsiock) 5/- ... 4id.

Prevention of Swarming
(Wilkes) 1/- ... Id,

Pollination of Fruit in rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hoopee, F.R.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.

PRODUCING, PREPARING,
EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.
Hebkod-Hempbux, F.E.S.) ... 2/- ... 3d.

Queen Rearing in England
(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 ... 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing
i(Doolittlb) ... 4/- ... 3id.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.

Wilke's Book on Swarming ... l/- ... Ifd.

iaiSCEI.IiANEOUS.

The Lore of the Honey Bee

(Tickner Edwardes) 2/- ... 3d.

Life of the Bee (Maeterlinck) ... 5/- ... 4d,
THE BEE WORLD (supplied

only to members of Aesociationa

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 ... lid.

The Bee Master of Warrllow

(TioENSB Edwardis) 7/6 ... 41d.

British Bee Jonmal & Record Office,

ss, bbdfobi) strbkt. stsxki) loxdom. w.at.

Nov. 11, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

541

Using Antiseptics.

The following from the Daily Express
of October 5 sent iby their Paris corre-
spondent is interesting: — -

" keep changing the antiseptic.

microbes' acquired taste for poison.

Medicine has mad© another step for-
ward with Professor Charles itichet's
treatise on the employment of antiseptics.

Experiments prove that microhes which
aro intended to be destroyed by the use
of antiseptics slowly become accustomed to
whatever liquid is u&,ed. It is necessary,
therefore, says the Professor, to change
the antiseptic fairly often.
' In fact, as soon as a certain antiseptic
appears to be successful, it is time to use
another."

It is quite likely the above theory will
hold good in the treatment of bee dis-
eases. In fact, it was put in pi'actice
about three years ago when Dr. Annie
Porter was investigating the " fsle of
Wight " disease. Our rea^ders will doubt-
less recollect that two powders, the com-
position of M'hich was never miade known,
•were used alternately for a couple of
weeks each. It is well known that human
beings can become so accustomed to the
use of drugs that they can take with
impunity a dose that, would be large
enough to cause the death of two or three
persons who were not in the habit of
taking them. In treating bees, we have
repeatedly advised a change of remedy
when the one being used has apparently
ceased to have any effect. It is a " tip "
ivell worth keeping in mind.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Conversazione, October 21, 1920.
(Continued from page 525.)

After a great deal of inspection and
examination we found a few hives with
large frames. These we closely examined,
and found them very well filled both with
brood and stores, but on questioning
Signer Zanini as to their use, his only
reply was "No good, no good; we are
making W.B.C. hives and British stan-
dard frames, which suit xis best." He had
one hive of his own design -with a frame
made half-moon shape at the bottom, like
an inverted skep. 1 was very much im-
pressed with this hive, as I could see one
or two excellent points in it viz. : —

Bees could at once reach the frames and

ascend to either side without waste of
time.

All particles of loose comb, pollen, or
dead bees drop into a recess and pass out
at the entrance below, and so keep the
hive perfectly clean inside. Very little
propolis was used in any of these hives.

We were now taken right away into the
country, where Signer Bozzali had one of
the finest mansions I have ever visited.
Oranges, lemons, figs, fruit of every kind
were growing in abundance. Here was
another eye-opener — an apiary for pro-
duce alone, of about 100 stocks, all in
splendid working order, with nectar
coming in from alfalfa, sainfoin, clover,
acacia, etc., etc.

A great many of these hives were worked
on the double brood chamber system, hut
without queens, so that the combs were
soon filled with honey and sealed over.
These are then taken away and stored for
food for the stocks which had to be used
for making up nuclei and rearing of
queens.

It has been, and is, said here that
Italians do< not cap or seal the comb honey
so well as the blacks or hybrids, but I saw
as fine a sample there of comb honey as
any ever produced by the blacks or hy-
brids in this country.

On another day we were taken to his
mountain apiary, which was situated
8,000 ft. to 10,000 ft. above the sea-level,
and very close to the snow, which was
rapidly melting under a strong sun.

This apiary being much later than the
others, some of the hives had not been
spring-examined until that day. It was
rather amusing to watch Signer Zanini,
while examining the stocks, throw out
' ' Eegina " as no good ; they do believe in
young queens, and do not keep them longer
than the second year.

Paper quilts were used on these moun-
tain hives, with .slabs of slate two inches
thick to cover the quilts. On the top of
the cover of the hive they had also large
slabs, to keep them from being blown away.
It was astonishing to see how these bees
had come through the winter in this
Arctic region. Most of the food had been
consumed, and new honev was being
stored, gathered from different sources,
except the acacia. Some of the mountains
were purple with wild rhododendrons (bees
work on these with profit), while other
flowers bloom in profusion.

The apiary at Sianor Bozzalli's family
residence was next inspected. It was im-
po.ssible tO' be out of sight of boos here, as
they were placed in the garden, round
the house, on the top of the walls, and
everywhere else possible.

On one of the terraces we had an exhi-
bition of nuclei making with natural queen
cells, which were carefully selected from

542

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 11, 1920.

combs containing more than one, and
whei'e any doubt existed as to the fertility
of a cell it was soon opened and the larva
inspected, so that he had very few failures
with the nuclei. Inspection would be
made seven days later, when it was ex-
pected to find not less than 80 per cent,
of the young queens hatched, mated, and
laying. I should have mentioned here
that the nuclei were securely fastened and
transported to the home and export apiary
for convenience, and mating of the virgin
queens.

When Signor Zanini was satisfied with
the fertility of a queen she was marked
for export with her batch.

Other apiaries were visited in the Swiss
locality, but these were not of the pro-
gressive character of Signor Bozzalli's,
the majority being kept for surplus only.

Next, on to Signor Piana's, at Castel
San Pietro, where we visited two or three
very attractive apiaries kept by this gen-
tleman. These were run on very diffe-
rent lines from those previously men-
tioned. Both natural and artificial queen
rearing was adopted here. Mostly large
frames were used, such as the Langstroth
17f by 9J. These were made in two
parts, so that they could be divided into
the nuclei boxes when queen mating was
carried out. We examined a great many
nuclei and stocks, also his queen rearing
apparatus, ■ and found them all in good
order. This gentleman was very methodi-
cal and practical in his manipulations, no
smoke or protector being used.

The weather and scenery were beau-
tiful, the strong sunshine compelling us
to retire to our bedchambers from 2 to
3 p.m., but we made good our investiga-
tions during the evening, when the bees
Avei'e hard at Avork, which they continued
\intil very late.

I have already exceeded my time,
ladies and gentlemen, but I think you will
be interested to hear of our visit to that
important breeder of bees Signor Penna,
of Bologna.

Here we found a large and scientific bee-
breeder keeping about 1,000 nuclei and
stocks for queen rearing and exportation.
Honey was also produced in large quan-
tities, but that was mostly used for feed-
ing purposes, as sugar was at a premium,
and could not be got in many places.

A grafting house and two large labora-
tories were erected near the apiaries to
deal with the larvse of selected queens;
also shaded open sheds for brood rearing,
with t)C) colonies of bees on 16 to 20 frames
in each box.

Nine stocks were used for " Calabrone,"
or drone rearing, with three stocks for
queens.

We also viewed his extracting house,
^^■hh. a storage room underneath for run

honey, which was kept solely for feeding
purposes.

These commodious premises included a
storage house for comb honey which was
chiefly used for nuclei feeding ; another for
appliances, feeders, dummies, etc. ;
another for hives with a repairing sliop
attached; and, lastly, a transport and
mailing depot.

After inspection of these magnificent
premises we were taken to a queen mating
apiary, with 650 nuclei hives. Many of
these were opened for our benefit, much
to our satisfaction, everything being car-
ried out in a thoroughly progressive and
scientific way which left no doubt in our
minds as to his ability as a great bee-
master in a great bee country.

Just one little incident to finish with.
We were asked tO' select any of tlie hives
for examination before leaving the apiary.
Mr. Herrod-Hempsall at once selected one
about 20 yards away. Mr. Penna opened
it up. Withdrawing one frame of comb,
he discovered the bees balling the queen.
His assistants were called and ordered to
run for " Fune FUMO ' ' (a rope of
smoke) — the only time I saw smoke used.
This was brought, but not before Mr.
Herrod-Hempsall had the ball of bees on
the ground, whipping them with some long
grass, thus delivering the queen which
Mr. Penna picked up, but on examining
her she got away. " Regina would soon
come back." We waited in vain, so we
went fui'ther down the apiary. Then Mr.
Herrod-Hempsall told me to go to number
so-and-so hive and get that stray queen. I
did so, much to the astonishment of Mr.
Penna. who, thanking me, exclaimed.
" Great, good man, Herot-Hempsall ! "
(To he continued.)

A Dorset Yarn.

A bee-keeper of Buckingham, writing
of cherries and 'bees, asks if I have noticed
bees , getting stores off their many thous-
ands of flowers ; another writes to me for
the hest varieties to plant for profit. It
is difficult to advise, as in some districts
all varieties do well, in others the Morello
and May Duke a.Te the only ones to regu-
larly crop. .^We ihave the Elton. Black
Eagle, Waterloo, Gov Wood and Napo-
leon, Isut the weight of friiit has never
been great, although the blossom, has
always been very free; yet in the woods
the wild chen-ies bloom and fruit freely
round about here. Bees seem to work very
freely all kinds of fruit blossoim, the
Morello lias always given a crop, and
there is nothing more beautiful than the
double blossoming cherries that are now
in conimerce — I remember seeing them at

Nov. 11, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

543

Col. Tinker's beautiful grounds at Chew-
Ion Glen, in Hants. The able gardener,
Mr. Weaver, is enthusiastic in getting all
that is beautiful to grow for th© pleasure
of the owner; he is successful with them
all, but his bees always go under each
year. I have started him two years in
succession from our lot, but at the great
autumn show at Bournemouth he said
they had gone under again ; yet the area
seems to be an ideal one for bees, the
woods are full of the wild cherries. These
fruits are veiy oldi ; I had read somewhere
tliat it was the favourite fruit of one
Mithradates the Great (a century befoxe
the birth of our Saviour Chi'i'st), who tried
to crush the Eoman power in Asia. The
Roman generals, Placcus, Lucullus and
Porapey were sent to crush him; when
these generals come back to Rome they
brought with them branches of these
pontie cherries that were grown by the
eastern monarch, as some of the trophies
of war. In that war 155,000 men fell ; all
that we have at this time to show for this
ruthless slaughter are the cherries. Books
tell us . and pictures show us how well
the bees in that countiy gather surplus
honey. The Old Book tells us that the
Wise men came from the East; now we
have our men who soldiered in the East
having the Eastern bees — these bees came
from the race that fertilised the cherries
of Mithradates the Great, who was sup-
pose.d to be the ablest monarch of the
East, a master of twenty languages, but
whose chief pleasure was the cultivation
of cherries.

John Evelyn, one of our clever writers
on bees, states that " wine from cherries
mixed with honey makes a fine conditum
for the stomach," Some critics may think
this is digressing from the subject of bees,
still it is answering letters of bee-keepers
that keep us froan getting tired of writing.
There is plenty more to write of cherries,
but I hope the men who want to plant
cherries, will not " put all their eggs in
one basket." If it is cherry country then
it is all right, if you can wait for your
returns. If you are young, then you will
get the blossoms for your bees, and fruit
to sell, for weight of fruit only comes
when the trees are large, the first few
years it is not very heavy.

Was away four days of last week, and
did not see the bees out till Saturday,
then they were out in great numbers. They
seemed to have the robbing song, yet I
could' not see which one they wore clear-
in;:-; out (it might be my neighbours), but
the hurried flight and shrill tone was like
the song of robbers. The Dorset Executive
of the County B.K.A. met at Wimborne
on Saturday. Mr. Garret showed some of
his delightful honey which was gathered
when the bell heather was in bloom. It

has a blond of other flowexs, gixdng it a
delightful taste. He also said that the
ling heather honey was impossible to get
out of the combs with the extractor.

The question of lectures was discussed
to give all the teaching to young begin-
ners in the winter; then when the bee
season is booming all will be ready.
Arrangements for bees and Italian queens;
an attractive label for Dorset honey, so
that all our county members who sell their
surplus shall have as good a name as we
have for our butter. Though late in hav-
ing a county association, we want to make
up for lost time. — J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Jack Frost has been busy these past
three nights, and together with the gor-
geous sunshine of the day has succeeded
in giving the elm leaves a saffron tint.
Some have fallen and mingled with those
of the ash and chestnut, and strewed
the way with their beauties, and as one
walks abroad at night the smell of decay-
ing leaves, and the rustle beneath one's
feet is good for nose and ears. 'Tis well
Jack Frost has busied himself amidst the
branches and twigs if only to remind the
stately elms, and the statelier oaks, that
as a sailor takes in sail before the storm
so, too, Nature has ordained they should
shed their sails befoi'e the hurricanes ot
winter sweep o'er the land. It has been
a perfect day to-day. The sun rose in
chariots of fire, dispelled the lingering
mists, and set the wrens and blackbirds
singing as if April were here. The lark,
too, was unable to resist the call of space
'neath clear blue skies. He rose and sang
to a golden world. The strifes of men
distress him not. He sings at the gate
of heaven, unconscious of what some
men of the world are doing be-
neath. He sees the plodding plough-
man, following his team up field and
down ; he sees the shepherd calling
to and counting his flock ; he eees
the hedger slashing away at hawthorn,
bramble, alder and privet — cutting into
autumn and leaving the marks of winter
behind him. He hears the drone of the
thrashing drum, and sees the flakes of
steam and smoke lazily rising and vanish-
ing away. Yes, he sees all this and sings
away ; but he does not see old George, of
seventy years and sis, shivering before a
coalless grate, nor " owd Andrew,"
screwed up with rheumatism, praying that
strikes and unrest may cease, nor Mary
Cotts, nigh distracted because with bits of
wood and no coal she cannot get the oven
hot enough to bake the bread. He sings
away, and I ask myself why he has stayed

544

THE BEmSH BEE JOUENAL.

Nov. 11, 1920.

so long in his resting-place, wliy has he
not, in common with the rest of his kind,
flocked southward, leaving this neighbour-
hood for his kinsfolk of a northern clime?
Could he answer me he would say that
the mellow autumn had bidden him linger,
and the warm, soft sunshine had enticed
him to stay. He was happy, and so also
the bees. At ten o'clock they came out
in great numbers, scarce able to contain
themselves with delight. Of course where
the master was they'd be if they could.
I saw a few blocks; they come to fly
around and look on, and as a block falls
to the ground a few settle on it and say
something with their wings — in praise of
my work, or condemnation, I cannot tell.
I go and do a little clipping of a privet
hedge, they come in scores to watch me
work, while they're at play. They settle
on nettles, chickweed, groundsel, any-
thing just to pretend they are busy, too.
A few decide that they would try to make
toe run — youngsters they. The game com-
mences, first on« comes full flight at the
back of my neck, then one comes bang
against my cheek, ^ but I go on clipping
away, and they, finding they have failed
to frighten me, come and settle on my
shears, one even walks up my sleeve to
investigate. Puzzled no doubt— wondering
whether shears are wings and such like
things. I love to watch bees at play, they
make me laugh more than a pair of kit-
tens. The unmistakable hum, too, is in-
fectious. By wings or spiracles, or both,
I cannot say, but anger, work, play, dis-
tress are all expressed by each particular
hum. Can I describe them? Tsing,
harshly sounded, is anger, tsang is dis-
tress, oown (two syllables) is play, while
umm is work. It is between two and
three o'clock when they decide to return
to their hives, and what crowds there are !
My entrances are only open a two-bee
space, so it is quite a time before all have
joined their cluster, happy and thankful
that November has, so far, belied its
name. — E. F. Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

Weather Report.

Westbotjrne, October, 1920.
Rainfall, .3 '63 in.
Heaviest fall, -84: in

on 31. St.

Rain fell on 11 days.

Below average, •47in.

Maximum tempera-
ture, 72 on 9th.

Minimum tempera-
ture, 38 on 24th and
30th.
ftlinimum on grass 29
on 30Lh.

Frosty nights, 0.
Mean maximum, 59*4.
Mean minimum, 47 '2.
Mean temperature, 53 3
Above average, 4"0
Maximum barometer,

30-394 on 26th.
Minimum barometer.

29-423 on 31st.

L. B, BiRKBTT.

Do Bees **Do Nothing

Invariably " ?

{By L. Willis.)

If bees " do nothing invariably," as the
slogan goes, then bee-keeping can only
be hobbied, as fluke harvests are a lean
proposition to the smallholder. But it
cannot be so — all nature gives it the lie,
as the further we go, and the deeper we
delve in our puny efforts to correlate cause
and effect, the more indubitably do we
find that all is governed by law and order.
If we wish, therefore, to subordinate any-
thing to our own ends, it is up tO' us to
find out these ruling influences. Particu-
larly is this the case with live stock, as.
" life " permits of no mistakes; live stock
does not argue in such case, it simply
turns up its feet — and the smallholder is
a poorer, if not a wiser, man. If a plank,
therefore, can be thrown down giving a
footing, it may be that wider investiga-
tion will lead to a firm platfomi for the
use of those under the necessity of making
a profit from bees, and it is in this hope
that I venture to lay before the readers
of the British Bee Journai/ some notes
of experimental work carried out in our
apiary, neither scientific nor bacterio-
logical, but sheer ly practical, by which I
was enabled to get control over stocks to
a degree beyond expectation, even in the
short time there was an opportunity of
continuing and verifying such experi-
ments.

My plank is the cult of the " bottom of
the hive," and it is truly remarkable how
bees approximate in their actions if this is
borne in mind.

I stumbled on the first hint of this
several years ago through having 18
nuclei about the apiary towards the end
of the season when robbing tentatively
starhed, and as there were also between
40 and 50 strong stocks, it was a contin-
gency I did not care to face, so, although
the nucleus queens were valuable, it was
decided to chance joining them up to' the
stocks that evening. This was done, some
at the bottom of the stocks and some at
the top, with excluders and paper in be-
tween. When examined some fortnight
later, a curious fact showed itself —
those introduced at the bottom were com-
fortably installed and laying, as were also
the old queens at the top as if nothing
untoward had happened ; but of those in-
troduced at the top the greater percentage
had been sent "West." Since then I
have introduced a number of queens by
this method to large stocks without first
de-queening. De-queening not only means
a large amount of work to the operator,
even given weather suitable in all respects
(and how often do we get that about the

Nov. 11, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

545

time re-queening is nec5essajry ?) , but it also
means an incalculable amount of unneces-
sary and disorganising anguish to the bees,
and it is in running counter to their
happiness and well-being that we cannot
hope to get them to contribute to our
benefit with any degree of certainty.

The nucleus method of introduction also
gives the advantage of enabling the queen
to be tested and sized up before introduc-
tion to a stock ; I have found the largest
stock sheer crazy with delight when, after
eating through the paper, they have found
a fine young laying queen installed in the
seat of honour ; it is a pictvire to see such
a stock in its abounding energy and re-
newed vigour. The Alexander method of
letting all the old Bees fly from a nucleus
and then caging the young queen for a
bit is the simplest and safest to employ ; in
about a week's time she is fairly started,
and whenever required can be united by
laying newspaper over the nucleus, and on
this putting an excluder ; then the stock
it is wished to re-queen is placed over the
paper and excluder, the old queen being
again " excludered " above with super
box or boxes in between. We always
tried tO' time the breaking through of tho
bees to fall at night, when the suspicions
of bees are at their lowest ebb, and any
excitement would not be noticeable at the
front of the hive before the stock operated
upon could look after itself ; for this
reason we joined up at dusk, and also
ari'anged the thickness or pricking of the
paper so that they should neither break
through in an avalanche nor hang fire too
long. With the help of a few medicated
cloths and Porter boards the largest stock
can be prepared for uniting without bee
loss or distress to the operators when the
amslgamation takes place. Although we
have joined up stocks with six and more
stock boxes, it is better in general practice
not to have the stock in more than four
boxes : this can easily be arranged in ad-
vance if the queen is down below by
" Portering " any excess boxes a day or
so previously and driving the bees into a
tensporarily closer compass, always remem-
bering that if the stock to be joined up
is a strong one, and particularly if driven
down, an extra box or two should be put
on the top of the newspaper and excluder
over the ^nucleus before uniting, or the
bees confined above will smother before
they can get through.

Our method of preparing the stock to
be united was as follows : — At that time
of the season queens were confined in two
boxes. In the afternoon tlie excluder M^as
slipped oft- and a Porter-escape board sub-
stituted, on which was placed the upper
two boxes, which were covered over with
a medicated cloth well held down.
Some hours later at dusk all upper parts

of the hives were Temoved, and, our outer

body boxes being only of " lift " height,
all boxes were exposed to easy lifting.
Everything being loosened earlier when
the stocks were prepared this was done
without the slightest suspicion being
raised. After seeing that the paper on
the nucleus was still intact, the upper
two boxes on the stock were gently and
swiftly lifted on to the nucleus, and
another Porter escape-board put on to the
one already covering the boxes with the
queen, thus confining any stray bees which
would soon find their way down ; the medi-
cated cloth was then drawn from the boxes
on the nucleus and a queen excluder placed
thereon; the remaining boxes with the
old queen were then placed on the top of
this. The bees left on the floorboard
being mostly old and sentinel bees, vfeve
not thrown at the entrance, but covered
over with a roof and faced into a liedge,
a frame with a little honey in it being
put against the inside back ; in the morn-
ing those that had not already flown back
were shaken in front of the joined-up stock
if it were seen that the topped bees had
broken through the paper.

The next morning, if through, the two
top boxes with the old queen were slipped
off qiiickly and quietly on to a spare stand
with entrance slides closed temporarily,
and taken back, when the old bees flying
back to their old stand, it was a very
simple a-nd easy matter to de-queen, even
in trying weather, as the bees being gentle
and " comparatively few she was found
usually very quickly. The hive having
been left with a medicated cloth over the
top and extra excluder withdrawn, it
was then a simple matter to return the
boxes with brood.

Befo}'e we found out how very simple
a matter it was to slip top boxes on to a
spare hive without disturbing the stock
below, and to caiTy them back for exami-
nation behind wind screens, the old queen
was left on top for five days or more if
the' weather was not propitious; but it
v/as found that in practice it was better
to slip her off next morning when they
were well united, as in very large stocks
there was a danger of the bees decamping
with tho young queen; especially may this
be the case if it has been found impossible
for some time before the uniting to
examine the old stock for queen cells.

Tn very small stocks or nuclei it is never
safe to leave two queens, as it is expecting
the impossible from bees— they cannot
keep pace with one queen let alone two.
But here again, the curious ascendancy^
of the bottom of the hive over bees'
actions was exemplified, as in several in-
stances where small lots were joined to-
gether on account of scarcity and ten-

546

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 11, 1920.

dency to robbing, it was the top queen that
was killed, not the new one introduced
at the bottom, although both were young.

Before uniting a queenless or laying-
worker lot, of icourse, it is always advis-
able to put them into a more normal state
of mind by giving them a comb or two of
(^gs and broody with a laying- worker the
precaution was also taken of " excluder-
ing " her above with a box in between,
when the bees did the needful.

That is, broadly, our method of queen
introduction, and it takes longer in the
telling than the doing, but it made us
independent of the weather and enabled
us to go on re-queening stocks without the
loss of one valuable day. Its value cannot
toe computed therefore in the prevention
of swarming.

{To he continued.)

A Day with a Hon. District
Secretary.

Bang I Bang ! on the front door. Break-
fast time, " Hello! who now?" A small
boy, match box in right hand, note in left,
match box containing three bees; note
asking What is it? send p.c. and
oblige. " All right, Sonny, I'll attend to
it, good, moi-ning." A case of May Pest,
these bees swarmed eight days after.

The Secretary, a market gardener, pick-
ing peas, with two others, buvsy getting
orders for local shops. 9.30 a.m. Motor oar
comes down the road. " Hey! Mr. Jones,
I want you." Mr. Jones: " Yes, sir,
what can I do for you? " " Well, my
fcees have swarmed, and I wish you would
run over and see to them for me. I know
you are busy, I'll take you in the car and
bring you back." " Thank you, sir, I'll
just change, and be back with you in five
minutes." " No, come as you are, you
will be just the same." Off with a full-
blown Brigadier-General, driving fiA'e
miles out; home again at 11 o'clock. A
real gem, that man, not a better to be
found, a pleasure to help him, he knows
how to condescend, etc.

Dinner 12 o'clock, my wife is nothing if
not punctual. 12.15. Another banging.
No peace for the wicked ! This time a lad
with a message from the 'phone.

" Mrs. Dryhams l)ees have swarmed,
can you go at once? " " Oh, yes." Bike
this time, a good old pre-war Swift. Just
ready to start, another light, tap ! tap !
This time a gentleman. A man who calls
himself a professor- in apiculture, in a
great hurry. " Get a move on, Mr. Jones,
can you come and hive a SAvarm of bees?
They have settled on a tree in the street,
and I'm afraid people will get stung."
" OhI yes. I'll come at once." Hived
Mr. Professor's bees, while he stood and

looked on. Poor fellow. I pitied him,
could not hive his own; he is not an ex-
pert, but a professor. Off to Mrs. Dryhams.
Yes, the bees had swarmed and settled in
a lovely place, on a Dorothy Perkins
rambler rose trained to some lattice work
in a town garden. Yes, a garden, not a
back yard. The only way to hive these,
drive them up with a carbolic cloth; I
never cari'y a smoker; too clumsy, cannot
get them in the pocket. I drove them up
to the top, and they hived themselves;
finished at 3.30; home again.

Tea at our house is four o'clock. Don't
forget, if I'm not at home I'm out, Mr.
Editor. You'll find a cup of tea there at
that time always, if ever you come to
Babiestone. You'll find a hearty wel-
come, don't forget.

4.30. Back door this time. Mr. Boots!
Here, half-time! What is the matter with
you."

Yes, Mr. Secretary is getting " fed
up " by this time. " Come on, my bees
are having a nice game with me, I've
hived them tAvice, and' they are out
again.^' " Umph! "

Went back close to Mrs. Dryham's place
and gave them two combs of brood and
eggs, then they settled down like kittens
to noAv milk. With many thanks from
Mr. Boots, I left him scratching his head.
He'll not trouble me again if he can help
it. I do like him, he is in earnest, got a
severe attack of " Beeitis."

Home again on those peas, must have
them off for to-morrow morning, peas are
short, and making a good price. That
Boy again with another 'phone message.
" Three swarms up at Acorn Rectory, will
you kindly go up as they are hanging on
the 'phone! " " Who, the bees, my
lad? " " No, sir, some one at the
Parson's." " All right, tell them I'm
coming." Another five miles trip, good
old Swift! Three hills to climb (and we
have some hills round Babiestone).

Yes, there were three swarms in a clus-
ter, or rather in a heap, on the ground,
the combined Aveight eleven pounds thir-
teen ounces. " What can you do with
these, sir, you cannot get them all into'
one hive, and, Avhat makes it worse, t\A^o
SAA-arms belong to my gardener, and one to
my daughter ; is it possible to separate
them? My daughter's are Italian, and
the gardener's something else, and it is
getting late. 7.30, Summer time."
" Well, I'll try and separate them," and
separated they were. The lady had her
Ligurian queen, but a mixed lot of
Avorkers. The gardener had two queens
and a mixed lot of workers, all don© Avitli-
out a sting; they were a good tempered
lot. I suppose they had taken a leaf out
of their owner's book. " Patience makes
the gardener," and his bees were very

Nov. 11, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

547

patient. And I do think a parson
must have patience. Preaching to the
same people every Sunday, and Matins
and Evensong every day. Both were
satisfied, and I, your humble, was, with a
five mile run home, singing, " When you
come to the end of a perfect day."

This last little incident found its- way
into some of the London dailies, as well as
the local Press at the time.

Now, Mr. Editor, these names and
places are not correct, other names are
put in the place of the original, but the
incidents are all perfectly true and as they
occurred. Now, when people ask what is
the B.B.K.A. doing, or the Sheepshire,
or Hopshire, or some other B.K.A., for
apiculture? let them have a day with a
District Secretary, and see what is done
by our Hon. General Secretaries of these
" do-nothing " Associations. In future
they will close up their little mouths, and
wonder how much is done for the love of
the thing, and they Avill be dumb for ever-
more. My district reaches from my
house nine miles north, eight miles west,
and south as far as I care to go to get
new members. To the east I have the
rolling sea carrying commodities for our
breakfast, dinner, and tea.

Our members number twenty-eight, and
only two of them have kept bees more
than two years. — Tom Jones.

Notes from East Somerset.

I have intended sending you a few
i*' Note^ ' ' from this district for some
weeks, but my spare time has heen prac-
tically nil — 'hence they have not arrived
before.

I don't suppose a season opened with
such promise and possibilities as did
1920. Beautiful weather, temperature
all that could be desired, and stocks
simply romped away, and filled up both
with brood and stores in next to no time.
Too many were caught napping, and
swarms began to issue before supers were
anything like ready. I had my record
early swarm in 20 years of bee-keeping
on April 29, but alas ! never a year ended
so disastrously. Everywhere comes the
same cry — "My bees hadn't one cell of
food." I venture to say that more
stocks will go under this winter from star-
vation than from the " Isle of Wight "
disease, unless well-made, soft candy is
continually supplied — I say well made,
because so much candy is boiled so hard
that I have failed to break it with a
hammer. Bee-keepers seem to forget to
use the thumb-nail test, and that the bees
have to go out for water before they can
make any use of candy.

Queens seeni to have kept at laying

rather moi'e than usual; I have found
stocks with not a cell of food, yet with
plenty of eggs — that was in the early
days of October, during the best spell
of weather we have had this year.

Honey is conspicuous only by vs
absence in our district. I only know of
two bee-keepers who have taken anything
worth noting. But feeding has been quite
the order of the day. It's been a very
costly business, too. I first fed down with
sugar syrup, but later got some of the
New Zealand honey and gave them that.
I found that after boiling it slowly for
(half an hour, and giving it warm, they
took it down very rapidly and sealed it
much quicker than with sugar syrup.
Owing to feeding for such a long time,
consequent on stocks being so short, most
colonies started breeding in earnest. All
my stocks have 1920 queens, and they did
show some hustle. It was a sight to see
in my garden during the last seven weeks
thousand of bees on the wing, bringing
ia pollen of every hue, from white to
smutty purple. Many times I have seen
twenty to thirty pollen-laden bees trying
to enter at the same time. They miist
have gathered quite a lot of honey, too,
as many days they were on the wing for
eight hours, sometimes more; most en-
trances have had to be enlarged. If there
is one thing I would: like to emphasise
more than any other it is young queens
and good, roomy hives of W.B.C. pattern.
Neither costs too much, and are a good
investment. Our friend, Mr. Kettle, has
very beautifully given us the same hint,
and I should like to say right here and
now how much I personally enjoy his
'' Yarns." My mother, who is a native
of Corfe Mullen, knows the district well,
and loves to read of what is happening
near where her father kept bees, nearly
a century ago. One is glad, too, that the
" Isle of Wight " disease is not so viru-
lent as it was, and I often wonder what
" cure " can claim the victory. There ia
no real cure, I think, only what one might
call a " reliever." In the early days I
tried Epsom salts, Dioxogen, and Izal,
but the bees went. Now I have
tried and kept my bees continually in
tc>uch with " Flavine " ; and though we
are not yet out of the wood, and mustn't
shout too soon, yet I am glad to report
not a sign of the disease in my apiary at
all. One cannot help admiring the way
Mr. Smith gets to work and ti-ys to help
stamp out the disease. I believe he is a
real bee-keeper.

My notes are getting rather long ; before
I close, hovv'ever, I want to speak a word
to those who are novices, or who are
contemplating bee-keeping in the New
Year. Invest in some good books and

548

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 11, 1920.

get thoroughly conversant, as far as pos-
sible, during the winter months, with the
idea of how and what to do in connec-
tion with your hobby, and do not be so
ignorant andl helpless when your hees
arrive; thten you won't buy a skep and
transfer the bees from a nucleus travel-
ling box to it like someone did. that
didn't read books but thought bees oouldl
live only in skeps. — R. Litman, Castle
Gary.

Notes from Gretna Green.

Be " Isle of Wight " Disease.

Looking over my back volumes of the
B.B.J. I find that " Isle of Wight " dis-
ease became menacing so far back as 1907.
Research specialists got to work on the
subject, and in due course we were told
that the cause was Nosema apis.

By to-day's B.B.J. I perceive that these
savants were utterly wrong, for other
scientists have discovered that Nosema
apis is innocent, can, in fact, plead an
alibi, as " Isle of Wight ' ' disease is caused
by quite a different miscreant.

In a few years time new scientists will
doubtless allocate the blame to yet another
microbe, and so on ad infinitum.

This hide-and-seek business is rathei
interesting, but neither the learned men
or the Government pamphlets on the sub-
ject have produced any cure for the
disease.

It may be said that discovery of the
cause inust precede the finding of a cure,
but this view of the matter is scarcely
correct.

Disease has been prevalent for a dozen
years, and the orthodox dictum of "No
cure! destroy all affected stocks! " has
been followed in many cases to the ex-
treme limit of sulphuring the entire
apiary year after year.

Those unfortunate persons must needs
buy in a fresh stock of healthy bees each
season, and the problem waiting solution
is why the change of ownership should, so
affect these healthy stocks that they die,
or have to be destroyed within a year of
changing hands?

In one such case the bee-keeper is a
veteran who has record crops of honey to
his credit, but his losses through " Isle of
Wight " disease total over 300 colonies.
I regret to learn that even Mr. Wood's
model apiary at Glassel has suffered
severely — another instance of the success-
ful honey producer being unable to master
this disease.

I make no comment on the legion of
" cures " and " treatments " suggested in
these columns unless to remark that the
latest specific, "onions," may at least do

some good in the way of inducing tears
over the thousands of victims sacrificed
on the " no cure " altar.

The pity of it is that a remedy has been
available for some time among really com-
petent and practical bee experts.

The ' ' expert ' ' who cannot keep his own
apiary clear of disease is in line with the
good woman whose claim to be an
authority on child-rearing was based on
the fact that she had " buried ten of
them " !

May I venture to suggest that such
practical men as Allbon, Atkinson, Smith,
Simmins, and Silver tell British bee-
keepers, through the B.B.J., just how
their respective apiaries are kept free from
"Isle of Wight" disease.

Mr. Robertson, of Steele & Brodie, is
another who has solved the problem, and
it is significant that these well-known
beemen all hold identical views on the pre-
vention and cure of the malady. — J. M.
Ellis, Gretna, Carlisle, November 4.

North Lincolnshire Notes.

This year has been the Avorst for honey
that I have experienced. Stocks that
were strong very early in the season did
the best, and the honey was of fine quality,
also sections. This was proved by the
prizes taken a,t local shows. No honey
seemed to be gathered after the end of
June. The forward stock gave me from
40 to 70 lb. of honey, whereas others gave
no surplus.

Respecting nuclei, they have been fed
•all the summer right up to now, second
week in October. Where there were
young queens the stocks have responded
well to the feeding. Queens have been
laying right up to now. A few days ago
I noticed bees bringing in large loads of
poll en.

This is the state of things all over
the district. On my rounds "experting "
I find some stocks have done well, and
others nothing. On my autumn round
many beekeepers were surprised when I
pointed out to them that their stocks had
no food for the winter.

Many make the common mistake of
taking off surplus, and covering down for
winter right away without examining the
brood box as to the amount of stores for
winter; also to make sure the stock is
queen-right.

I am sorry to say " Isle of Wight "
disease is with us in various parts of this
district, and we are having strange ex-
periences Avith it. But all that is another
story. We intend to " carry on " and
hope for better times.— W. loN, Healing,
Lines., October 30.

Nov. 11, 1920.

THE BBinSH BEE JOURNAL.

549

Bee-Keeping in Staffordshire.

expert's report on the penkridge apiary.

The following I'eport on the Penkridge
re-stocking apiai-y by the County Bee
Expert (Mr. Joseph Price) was presented
to Staffordshire Education Committee : —

' ' I am pleased to report that, despite
the unfavourable season, the bees at the
lapiary have done well. From the 16
stocks of Italian and Dutch bees that
wintered, I have secured So natural
swarms and casts, and lost two small
Dutch ones, which came off and decamped
during my absence. I have received 51
queens (Italian) from the Ministry of
Agriculture, and all have been successfully
introduced except two, which were more
dead than alive when they arrived. I
have made 80 nuclei, 67 of which have
been despatched to shareholders. Every
shareholder has had the chance of taking
a nucleus, but for various reasons some
prefer to wait till next season. There-
fore, I propose uniting these surplus
stocks, taking into winter 16 stocks as
last year. During this year 330 sheets
of foundation have been drawn out into
combs. This has been a most difficult job
this wet season, and could not have been
done without the help I obtained from
ex-Service naen and others. I have raised
over 60 Italian queens, but owing to the
inclement weather half of them either
failed to mate or were !ost during their
mating flight. This summer the apiary
has been visited by several members of
the Bee Committee, all of whom I think
were satisfied with the work. The expert
of the Ministry of Agriculture, Mr. W.
Herrod-Hempsall, paid a visit in June,
and reported that he was very satisfied
with all he saw. I am pleased to report
that to date, September 2, all the stocks
are healthj^, and there has not been the
least sign of any disease. Unfounded
rumours have, however, from time to
time been in cii'culation that the ' Isle
of Wight ' disease has broken out at this
apiary. This statement I have flatly con-
tradicted, but the report seems to have
gained ground among the bee-keepers in
the south of the county, possibly because
it has not been possible this year to
arrange a day for receiving visitors at
the apiary. At a meeting of the South
Staffordshire Bee-keepers' Association on
June 14 it seems to have been accepted as
common knowledge. I at once wrote to
the Secretary of this Association asking
him to contradict this statement. There
is no foundation of any sort for alleging
that now or at any time has there been
any sign of disease at the Penkridge
apiary. During the season I have re-
ceived reports of nuclei supplied from
this apiary both during last season and
the present season , and I am pleased to

say many have done exceptionally well,
whilst not one stock has succumbed to
disease.

" EoDBASTON Apiary. — ^The one stock
of Italians received at the Farm Insti-
tute in April has now increased to three.
All are quite healthy and strong and
should winter safely."

The report was approved, and it was
decided to forward a copy to^ the Secretary
of the South Staffordshire Bee-keepers'
Association.

Attention was drawn by the Director
(Sir Graham Balfour) to a statement as to
the oirculation of unfounded rumours
concerning an outbreak of " Isle of
Wight" disease at the apiary, and it was
resolved to issue to the Press a paragraph
contradicting the rumours.

It was decided, on the recommendation
of the Agricultural Education Committee,
that a county scheme for instruction in
bee-keeping ancj for the apiary at Penk-
ridge be drafted by the Director and the
Bee Expert.

Kent Bee-Keepers* Association.

SHOW AT ROCHESTER.

A large num'ber of visitors were
attracted to the Masonic Hall, Eochester,
by the magnificent show of honey
staged there. In spite of an unpro-
pitious season from the bee-keepers'
point of view, over 150 entries were
made in the competition, and in the
opinion of the judge, Mr. W. Herrod-
Hempsall, F.E.S., the standard reached
was a very good one. More mis-
takes than usual were made in the grad-
ing of the honey, but the granulated
honey, wax, and sections were particu-
larly good. Some of the cakes sweetened
with honey were good, but it is never
advisable to use fruit in the making, as
the cake is more liable to drop. The
majority of the samples of candy were
very good indeed, and the appliances
were well made.

In opening the show, Mr. H. M. Cobb
said it was always a pleasure to be asso-
ciated with the society which carried on
such useful work. Last year the show
was held in a small i-oom, and he prophe-
sied that this year they would want more
space. He would not prophesy this year,
but he would urge the committee to pro-
cure the Corn Exchange for next year's
show and ask the Mayor of Rochester to
open it. He was confident that the
members would support it. The exhibit
of honey, etc., sent by the disabled sol-
diers in training at Eynsford was most
interesting, and although he did not
know whether the standard in the com-
petition classes was higher this year — it

550

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Nov. 11, 1920.

had been a bad season foi' bees — tbey
iha-d done extraordinarily well.

Mr. G. W. Judge voiced the thanks
of the association to Mr. Cobb tand to
the committee which had worked hard
to stage all the exhibits. The quality of
the honey was excellent, but they must
look to the ftiture and secure 350 com-
petitors for next year.

During the afternoon music was played
by the Gundulph Orchestra, and tea was
served under the direction of the Ladies'
Social Committee. Mrs. A. Fry dis-
tributed the prizes to the following : —

KENT members' CLASSES.

Six sections.— 1, Mr. T. M. Taylor; 2,
Mr. G. Bryden.

Six jars light.— 1, Mr. G. Bryden; 2,
Mr. W. Wilson ; 3, Mr. M. J. Hammond.

Six jars medium. — 1, Mr. G. Bryden;
2, Mr. T. M. Taylor; 3, Mr. W. Wilson.

Three jars granulated. — 1, Mr. W.
Wilson ; 2, Mr. G. Bryden ; 3, Mr. G. R.
Allen.

Two shallow frames. — 1, Mr. G. Bry-
den.

Home-made hive. — 1, Mr. E. H.
Miller.

Home-made appliances. — 1, Mr. R. H.
Miller; 2, Mr. G. Bryden.

One section. — 1, Mr. G. Bryden.

One jar light.— 1, Mr. G. Bryden; 2,
Mr, W. Wilson; 3, Mr. L. W. Matthews.

Beeswax.— 1, Mr. G. Biyden ; 2, Mr.
A. E. Barnes; 3, Mr. R. H. Miller.

Bee candy. — 1, Mr. A. E. Barnes; 2,
Mr. R. H. Miller; 3, Mr. A. Fiy.

NORTHERN DIVISION CLASSES.

Three sections.— 1, Mr. G. Bryden; 2,
Mrs. Kennedy.

Three jars light.— 1, Mr. G. Bryden;
2, Mr. W. Wilson; 3, Mrs. Kennedy.

Three jars medium. — 1, Mr. G. Bry-
den; 2, Mr. W. Wilson; 3, Mr. J.
Reader.

Three jars dark. — 1, Mr. G. Bryden;
2, Miss Heale.

Three jars granulated. — 1, Mr. G.
Bryden ; 2, Mr, W. Wilson ; 3, Mr. S. J.
Barnwell.
, Two shallow f i-ames. — 1, Mrs. Kennedy.

One jar light.— 1, Mr. W. Wilson; 2,
Mrs. Kennedy; 3, Mr. A. Fry.

One section. — 1, Mrs. Kennedy.

Obsei-vatory hive. — 1, Mr. G. Bryden.

Articles of food. — 1, Mrs. Kennedy;
2, Mr. G. V. Cooper.

Honey cake.— 1, Mrs. G. Bryden; 2,
Mrs. G. R. Allen ; 3, Mrs. R. G. Bryden.

Trophy.— 1, Mr. G. Bryden; 2, Mr. W.
Wilson.

Beeswax.— 1, Mr. R. H. Miller; 2, Mrs.
Kennedy.

Two jars (novices). — 1, Mr, W. Thomp-
son; 2, Mr. G. Hoare.

Two jars light. — 1, Miss E. Heatly.

CUP WINNERS.

The winner of the Biyden Cup was
Mr, G. Bryden with 33 points, the run-
ners-up being Mr, R. H. Miller (13
points) and Mr, W, Miller (12 points).
The Wilson Cup for members of the
Northern Division was won by Mr. G,
Bryden with 27 points. The runners-up
were' Mrs. Kennedy (23 points) and Mr.
W. Wilson (16 points).

Amongst those who contributed to the
prize fund were : — Mrs. Kennedy, Gil-
lingham, 6s. ; Mr, W. Wilson, Darenth,
£1 Is.; Co-operative Society, Ltd., Gil-
lingham, 10s. 6d. ; Mr. C. Spurge, Gil-
lingham, jam dish; Mr. R. Palmer, Gil-
lingham, bowl; Mr. A. Ride, Gilling-
ham, hyacinths; Mr. D, Kennedy, Gil-
lingham, s>a.fety razor; Direct Boot Sup-
ply Co., Gillingham, slippers; Mr, H.
Hubbard, Gillingham, tennis shoes ; Mr.
H. G. Croneen, Gillingham, honey
server; Mr. F. White, Gillingham,
tumblers ; Mr. Stevens, Gillingham,
sender; and Mr. Brown, Gillingham, jam
dish.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by corresponderits. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

A Few Notes.

[10383] Your report of the results of
the investigations at Aberdeen are
exceedingly interesting, and the results
themselves should prove most important.
There is one question of very great
moment that it is possible may be able to
be answered at once. It is this : Has it
been determined at all yet for how long a
period the Tarsonem will live outside the
body of the bee? If only a short time
many things will be explained with regard
to the symptoms and effects of " Isle of
Wight " disease.

It looks at least as if there may sbon
be some definite treatment. Let us hope
this will be the case.

It may interest you and your readers
to hear that a small patch of the annual
sweet clover grown in my garden from
seed procured from the A.l. Root Com-
pany, and planted at the end of April,
has been in full blossom since the end of
June, and is even now (November 6) daily

Nov. 11, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

551

visited by crowds of bees. It seems a
wonderful plant. I hope soon to send
you on a photo or two of it. I am
endeavouring to get a little more seed for
rext year.

With regard to Mr. Tredcroft's letter.
My own experience has been the, reverse
of his. I find that while a pure Italian
of a leather colour or three-band type,
will not be affected at all, the hybrid is
exceedinglj' prone to crawling. A pure
Italian queen and a comb of pure
(hatching) Italian brood will usually effect
a complete cure.

Bacterol may be a good thing. I never
used it, and I hope I never shall need
to — or any other drug — hut I fail to see
that there is anything '" naitural " in
dosing bees with it any more than there
is in vinegar. I never used vinegar, so
cannot speak about it with any cer-
tainty. At the same time, I might ask
Mr. Tredcroft " Where on earth do pigs
get milk and barley meal in their natural
life?"

This has been a curious season alto-
gether. I mean as to the behaviour of
bees. I've never known such strange
antics with queens. Vide (9912).

I may say I beg to differ from the sen-
timents expressed by Mr. Wood in his
last paragraph in every particular. If
it bad not been for the " foreigner " my
belief is there would have been no bees
in this country at all at the present time,
and, consequently, no bee-keepers. —
EoBT. B. Manley.

Thanks to Mr. A. H. E. Wood.

[10334] The good news published in
your issue of 4th inst. respecting
" Isle of Wight " disease is great indeed,
and bids to mark one of the most im-
portant discoveries in connection with
our craft. But do not let us forget what
we all owe to Mr. Wood for his unobtru-
sive but effective help which you refer to
so well. There are few of us who have
not had serious losses from ' ' Isle of
Wight " disease, and every member of
the craft must wish to thank him. This
I suggest may be best done through your
journal, and after a week or two the
total of " thanks " printed in the ordi-
nary course.

Now we must have patience while a
cure is found for the dread disease. — T.
Knight.

Bee Shows to Come.

IToveinbcr 18.— Annual Show of th« Worcester
City and County Chrysanthemum, Fruit, Root and
Honey Society Thirteen Open CUaaes in Honey
Section.— Schedules from Geo. Richings, 42, Bar-
bourne Road, Worcester. Entries close Ifovem-
ber 6.

wrnSr^^

Queries reaching thit office not later than
FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING will, if
possible, he answered in the " Journal " the fol-
lowing Thursday. Those arriving later will be held
over until the following week. Only SPECIALLY
VROENT queries will be replied to by post if
a STAMPED addressed envelope it enclosed. AU
queries must be accompanied by the name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publica-
tion, but as a guarantee of good faith. Corre-
spondents are requested to write on one side of
the paper only.

Scientific Wintering.

[9913] Mr. Nqel Aveline, in his inte-
resting article in the Journ.\l of the 7th
Oct., recommends two thick cork-dust
quilts. Is no other covering to be used
except the ticking on the frames, or do
the cork quilts function equally well ,with
blankets on the top? Where can' these
quilts be obtained ?— Vernon De.a.n.

Reply. — We prefer to use two or
three thicknesses of hlanket under the
cork-dust cushions. The cushions are
easily made at home. Make a bag a
little larger than the inside of the hive,
and fill it with cork-dust, which may be
obtained from a fruiterers. It is gene-
rally used for packing grapes. It is
better not to stuff the bag too tightly,
or the cushion will not fit down nicely.

Correspondents desiring an answer in the next
issue should send questions to reach this office
NOT LATER than the FIRST POST on MONDAY
MORNING. Only SPECIALLY URGENT ques-
tions will be replied to by post if a STAMPED
addressed envelope is enclosed. All questions must
be accompanied by the sender's name and address,
not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee
of good faith. There is no fee for answering
questions.

Beginner (W. Bromwich). —Qwecn thrown out.—
We cannot account for the dead queen thrown
out of the hive. Under the circumstances you
had better look through the hive if there is a
warm day; it is just possible there may be
another queen in the hive. If not, you might try
introducing one, if you can get it. A better plan
will be to unite with another stock that has a
queen. If you have not another etock, you might
be able to purchase a nucleus or small colony
with a queen,

O. H. C. (Wolverhampton).— Moi'in(7 bees.— Tou
mav move the bees half-mile any time now.

552

THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Nov. 11, 1920.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Advertisements must reach ua NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEaOENTS.

LIFE INSURANCE IS A SOUND INVESI-
MENT— Will fellow members of the craft
write for prospectus to H. iM. EOWE, Park Road,
Chilwell, Representative for " Royal," " Scottish
Temperance," etc.? k.66

-j 3. CWT. NORFOLK HONEY, granulated, 28-lb.
±4 tins. Offers invited.— G. ASHTON, Lodge
Road, Eeltwell, Norfolk. k.66

PLATE-GLASS MIRROR, Shelves, and polished
Mahogany JF'rame for trophy, one " Miller "
Feeder, new, about 12 lbs., quantity iirst qnality
Wood for hive making.— Particulars, SOAL, Brook
Road, Prittlewell, Essex. k.63

NO BEE GARDEN complete without "Willow
Herb," plant now, 12, 2s. 3d.; second-hand
Hive, 15&. ; excellent Shallow Crate®, 2s. ; Excluders,
Is. 6d.— BOWEN, Coronation Road, Cheltenham.

ic.ol

BEE APPLIANCES FOR SALE. — Geared
Extractor, Hives, etc. List on application.-
WRIGHT, Lydiate Ash, Yardley, Birmingham.
__^ k.60

FINEST EXTRACTED HONEY, £10 per cwt.;
sample 5d.— DUTTON, Terling, Witham,
Essex. k.59

il CWT. fine Light Honey for Sale, 28-lb. tins;
±2 sample 6d. What offers?-<!HA'RLES
COOPER, Ashen Hall, Clare, Suffolk. k.57

OOD GLAZIER'S DIAMOND, perfect, 8s. 9d.—
HUBBARDE, North Kilworth, Rugby . k.46

FOR SALE, three June Swarms in boxes with.
stores, pure Italians ,with 1920 Queens. What
offers or exchange for poultry?— MURCH, Ring-
more Road, Shaldon, Teignmouth. k.47

OO LBS. of pure Heather Honey in comb. 2s. 3Cl.
*J.iJ lb.; 2 dozen 1-lb. cartons pressed Heather
Honey, 2s. 3d. each; 2J dozen Heather Sections.
39s. per dozen.— W. WOODS, Normandy, near
Guildford. k.48

WANTED, eingle and double Conqueror Hives;
must be good condition and Simmiris' dimen-
sions.—BLACK, Fernhill Heath, Worcester. k.52

BROTHER BEE-KEEPERS with spare time
wishing to commence in the Retail Fish
Business write J. W. ELVIDGE, Wholesale Fish
Merchant, Grimsby. r.h.239

PURE LIGHT CAMBRIDGE HONEY (guaran-
teed), 14-lb. tine, 30s.; 28-lb. tins, 57s. 6d., car-
riage paid.— YOUNG, 42, James Street, Cambridge.
____^__ r.k.49

BEESWAX, pure, for Sale, 5 cwt., packed in
J-cwt. bags, £8 I63. per cwt. net, f.o.r.
London.— Apply, Box 104, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bed-
ford Street, Strand, W.C.2. r.j.20

BUSUTESS ADVERTISEIMENTS.

lid. per word.

WANTED, Man, single, to help with bees and
spare time odd jobs.— Full particulars in
first letter, ALLBON & CO., Sunnyside, Hitchin.

k.58

BE PREPARED FOR 1921 HONEY SEASON.—
Hives, Brood Boxes, etc., made to your
requirements. Our 12-frame W.B.C. Hive is for
honey production; no nails used; is substantial;
all work screwed.— Quotations from H. GILLAM,
56, Sackville Road, Bexhill. k.64

NO SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— Flavine
Candy, made in Cambridge and the wrappers
bear our name, 6 lbs., 10s. 6d., postage paid; larger
quantities Is. 6d. per lb., carriage extra.— S. H.
SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. k.62

MASHEATH MEMS.— "Hivee received in
perfect condition. I am very well pleased
with everything. I should be proud of them had
I built them."— G. D.— ATKINSON, Fakenham.

k.67

RLITiMAN having purchasedi one of the Somer-
• set Re-stocking Apiariee, can book strong
Nuclei for delivery May and June, 1921. All Stocks
headed by imported or home-reared from proved
prolific queens. Plana, Penna, and Bozzalla strains.
Doolittle and Sladen's methods employed rearing.
Delivery in strict rotation, with tested or untested!
Queens as desired. Avoid disappointment. Book
now. £1 with order, balance when ready.— Oastle
Cary, Somerset. j.37

AVE YOF READ "THE BEE WORLD"?

If not, why not? Every number in itself ie
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

WIGHT" DISEASE.— Prevention and removal.
Advice 5s.— ALP. RYALL, Cottage Farm,
near Camp, Stroud. j.5

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE, "Marl-
borough. rh.l31

BEE TENT FOR SALE.

MESSRS. ALFRED SPAIN & SON will Sell
by Auction, at the " Chestnuts," Meopham
'•(five minutes from Railway Station), S.E. & C.R.,
on Thursday, November 18, at 11 o'clock. Surplus
rurniture and Effects, including a

BEE MANIPULATING TENT

and a quantity of
BEE REQUISITES AND APPI.IANCES.

On View Day of Sale.

Catalogues, 3d. each, of the Auctioneers, at their
Estate Offices and Sale Rooms, 36, New Road,
Gravesend.

Golden Italians that ARE Golden

A PURE MENDELIAN BREED for honey-
gathering and beauty. No other bees compare with
them.

My breeder Queens are given no fancy names.
Their bright golden progeny proclaim their worth.

Apiaries greatly enlarged to meet the demand.
Avoid disappointment— book early. Queen® and
Nuclei, prompt deliveries. List, stamp.

E. COOMBER,

Breeder of Superior Golden Bees,

64, Ronald Park Avenue,

WESTCLIFF-ON-SEA.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of ntember-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

W. BERJtOD-SBMPBAXJCi, S3, Bedford
Street, Strand, Z«ndoii, WjC.S.

Nov. 11, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Ill

Finest Grade New Zealand Honey

(Amber)

For Bee Feeding. Guaranteed Pure.

Cases, «ach 2-60 lb. nominal Tins. 95/- per cwt.
Carriage paid.

Cash with order or on receipt of goods.

N.B. We are already supplying Beekeepers'

Associations throughout the Country and shall

be pleased to quote references.

The Bristol and Dominions Producers'
Association, Ltd., Bristol.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newapaper,

Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaeu' " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings. LONDON. E.C.2.

INSXJKIE YOUR STOCKS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now phiced within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "Yadil" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Symp.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brocliure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.Cl.

1920 — QUEENLAND LIST — 1921

In reply to many requests coming in for our Premier White Star Queens for the Season 192 1, we

beg to state that early delivery may not be offered, as a certain number of orders have been

carded over (by request) from previous season for first 192 1 delivery, in consequence of the

unfavourable weather for queen-mating.

Our Premier White Star Nucleus Stocks

will be offered as usual, and at former price ; but the charges for Queens have been revised, and
include the offer of well-bred and selected Virgin Queens of this renowned strain.

Full Queenland Descriptive Circular 4d., The Revised List only (to those having 1920 List, 2d.,

\ post free,
or S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HE.'\THFIELD, SUSSEX.

For Christinas Gifts, You can get the books of the best authorities in this and other
countries, and also the leading American and foreign bee-journals, from

E. J. BURTT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER.

For the convenience of beekeepers I am printing a special list of these. Send a postcard for it.

1-^ 'RACTEROI"

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of.

" Isle of Wight " Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

BACIEROL LIMITED

19/25. Brookside Rd., Hishgate, h.l9.

POSITIVE FACTS.

June 13/^, 1920.

I am very pleased with the foundation. The bees undoubtedly prefer it to any other make I have, and have
even gone the length of missing two sheets of other new foundation, and working out a sheet of yours placed
behind them at the back of the hive. Full sheets have not sagged in the least in 16 X 10 frames.

Yours faithfully. R. B. MANLEY.

Illustrated Lists free hy voet.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Aoiary, BROMLEY, Kent

Jv THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL. Nov. 11, 1920

-I

FOUR FIRST PRIZES. I

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR |

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at =

Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods. ^

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives. =

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate =

despatch. =

CANDY. Safeguard your bees from starvation by feeding ^

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Price 1/6 per i-lb., |

carriage extra. =

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION. |

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used. =

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an S

Apiary," post free on application. =

R. STEELE & BRODIE, |

Bee Appli ance Makers, =

WORMIT, FIFE. |

Telegrams : — " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormit. =

m

mm^mmmmm^^mmmmmmmmmmmmmm^m^mm^^

BE>E> OAIVDY.

WE are now able to supply CANDY OF OUR
OWN MAKE from guaranteed Pure White
Refined Cane Sugar. In 1-lb. boxes with glass tops.
It can be had plain or medicated with either " Yadil '*
or "Bacterol."

PRICES.
71b. 11/-, postage 1/3

141b. 21/6, postage 2/6

281b. 42/-, postage 5/-

1121b. £8 8s., packed free, carriage

forward.

BEE FOOD SUGAR VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex.

m

Feinted by the Avknui Pekss (L. Upooti Gill A Son, Ltd.), 65-67, Drtiry Lani, London, W.O., *nd
Published vok ihb Pkopeiitos (W. Hberod-Hbhpsall), bv Siupein, Mibbhall. jHahilton,
Ebni & Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, Patbbnobtib Bow, £.0.

British Bee Journal and Bee-keepers' Adviser, November 18, 1920.

DEC 2 1 1920

^W^i^L

T.WCowt^n.TL-5.

^.

^s3^Wc^

Herrod
Hempsixll

FES.

& Bce-Jr2Lcepers

Adviser.* ^"^^/of^^

d^cekly Journal Devoted to //„ ^^/-on^*^^
^ the Interests oj r^ "^"^-^
Bee-Kccpers.

':¥S£SMn

No. 2004. Vol. XLVni

NOVEMBER 18, 1920.

^Published every Thurtdav, Price 3d.

coN^rcEzifrrs.

PAGE

The CUuse op " I.O.W." Disease 553

Civic Honours for a Bee-keeper 553

A Dorset Tarn 553

Honey Imports 554

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 554

Do Bees " Do Nothing Invariably " 555

Notes from the West 557

1920 Notes 558

Prosecution for Selling Syrup as Honey 559

page

South Staffs, and District Bee-keepers'
Association 560

Pbterboro' and District Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion 561

Correspondence —

Disease in U.S.A 562

Queries and Replies—

Bees Queenle&s in Late Autumn 563

Temperature for Opening Hives 563

Notices to Correspondents 563

OWING to the FALL in the COST OF SUGAR
WE ARE IN A POSITION TO SUPPLY

PINK (MEDICATED OR PLAIN)

SOFX
OANDY

Made from Guaranteed Pure Cane Sugar.

NO VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

1/5 per lb. (71b. parcel post free, 11/-)
(101b. do. do. 15/6)

E. H. TAYLOR, LTD., WELWYN, HERTS.

11

a^HE BBITISH BEE JOtJBNAL.

Nov. 18, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Offic«: 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

A, Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWJUT, F.I..S., &c.,
and J. HERBOD-HEIIXPSAIiIi, F.E.S.

CoFPespondenee : Whom to Address.—

All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Subscriptions. — Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance ; single copies
2d., or 2^A. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — ^Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money.— Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques dnd Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in flie paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM*

Yoa are advised to insist on ttiis being nsed when
dealing with strangers.

Rules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatched until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing:
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
nntil we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2i
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
•are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Foetal Orders (dtawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed "London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
Ibe Postal OEdoM shosld be kept bj Ihe sendier.

We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will b« sold
by sample, which mnst be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hoia
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

' 6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action mi^t pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Caah in foil must be sent with order.

Postage

A Modem B«« Form 7/6 ... Bid.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Advanced Boo Culturo

(HuTCHiNaoN) 6/> ... 6id.

Beginner's Beo Book (PiLun) 5/« ... 4d.
BEB-XEEPINO SIMPI.inED

FOR THE COTTAOER AND

SSEAUIiaOIiBER (W.HlBBOD-

HmiFSALL, F.£.^S.) !/• ... Sd.

BBITISH BEB • XEEPEBS'

017IDE BOOK (T. W. Cowur)

Paper covers ^ S/6 ... 3d.

Cloth coveo-s 3/6 ... 4d.

Disseotible SKodel of Qneen

Bee 4/6 ... 8d.

FEBTII.ISATI017 OF FBUIT

BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

CowAN) .,. -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hopi) ... -/6 ... Id.
Honey Vinegar OBkv. O. Banok^ -/a ... Id.
How to Keep Bees (Ahma B.

Comstock) 5/- ... 4id.

Prevention ol Swarming

(Wilkes) 1/- ... Id.

Pollination ol Fruit in r«la-

tion to Commercial Frnit

Growing (C. H. Hoopbe, F.B.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.
PBOBUCIKG, PREPABIKO,

EXHIBITUrO Ain> JUBO-

IKG BEB PROBTTCE (W.

HlRBOD-HlMPBALL, F.S.S.) ... 8/- ... 3d.

Queen Rearing in England

(P. W. L. Sladm) 1/6 ... 2a,

Scieutiilo Queen Rearing

l(DO0LITTI.l) 4/> ... 3id.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 3/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.

Wilke's Book on Swaxming ... 1/- ... l§d.

MISCEI.I.AKEOXTS.

The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNEE Edwardes) 2/- ... 3d.

Iiife of the Be« (Maeterlinck) ... 5/- ... 4d.
THE BEE WORI.D (supplied

only to membcirs of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Ci.ni,

apart from Oiidinary members of

the latter), per copy -/S ... lid.

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(TicKMiB Edwabdu) 7/6 ... 41d.

Britisli Bee Jonmal & Record Office,

n. BiDFOu) BTunr, sniAMD Lomear. w.at,

Nov. 18, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

653

The Cause of " Isle of Wight '
Disease. '

The announcement by Dr. Rennie of the
cause of "Isle of Wight" disease, as
given in our issue of November 4, has
aroused widespread interest, as evidenced
by the more or less lengthy reports given
in almost all the daily and other papers.
There are still several things to be deter-
mined, and no doubt there will be criti-
cism; in fact, there has been some
already. One of the things on which
further informiation would be welcomed
was mentioned by Mr. Manley in his
letter last week (10,333, page 650), in
which he asks how long Tarsonemus
Wcfodi will live outside the body of the
bee. Another problem is how long the
mites live after the death of their host,
and in a short letter we have from Mr.
J. Pearniian he asks a very important ques-
tion, " Are the Tarsonemes found in the
queen?" These and other queries will no
doubt be cleared up in due time. We
understand it Is thought that the mites
only live a short time after the death of
the bee.

If Dr. Rennie's theory that this mite is
the cause of the disease is correct, and
so far we see no reason to doubt it, many
puzzling things that have occurred in con-
nection with the disease will be explained.

It must not be assumed that investiga-
tion is at <an end ; the discovery of the
mite is only one step. In following 'this
up, other factors may be found having a
more or less important bearing on the
disease. The next step, it seems to us,
is to find some means or method, or both
combined, for scotching these micro-
scopical pests, and we may be certain
this matter has received some attention,
and now that the probable oause of the
disease has been determined we imagine
the most difficult part of the problem has
been solved, and it will not be long ere
we are able to deal effectively with the
scourge.

We also congratulate whoever thought
of the name " Acarine " disease " for the
malady. " Micros,poridiosis " is too long
and difficult for the ordinary bee-keeper —
too much of a mouthful, if we may use
the phrase — nor is it correct in the light

of the new discovery. " Isle of Wight "
disease is also too long, and in the opinion
of a number of bee-keepers, especially
those resident there, a^ppears to be an ill-
deserved slur on the island. " Acarine
disease " is short, easily remembered, and
gives a correct impression of the origin
of the disease. No doubt in a short time
this name will be generally used to desig-
nate what is now usually known as the
" Isle of Wight " disease.

Givic Honours for a
Bee-Keeper.

We are pleased to note that Mr, E.
Watson has been elected Mayor of St.
Albans. We are sure all bee-keepers will,
with us, wiah hirn a successful year of
ofl&ce, especiially those residing in the
county of Hertfordshire, where he
resuscitated the old Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation and worked indefatigably for
many years as the hon. secretary. Hav-
ing placed it on a sound basis, owing to
pressure of other duties and none too
robust health, he had, last year, to depute
his duties to other shoulders. Mr. Wat-
son was also for several years an ener-
getic (member of the Council of the British
Bee-keepers' Association.

A Dorset Yarn,

Asparagus has come into some of the
criticisms by readers of the British Bee
JouKNAL, as if I had stated what was
not a fact. Have just read two very
delightful books, " Flowei-s and Unbidden
Guests," by Kerner, and "Fertilisation
of Flowers," by 'Muller, both of thejn
are very much given to detail, in the
matter of fertilisation. The latter gives
a brief paragraph on asparagus, which, for
the benefit of your readers who have not
yet read these very fine books, I venture
to give in MuUea-'s own words : ' ' Honey
is secreted and lodged in the base of the
corolla. wholly visited by Hymen-
opterous insects, Apis melifica stands
first ; these flowers are very small and bell
shaped, the male flowers ai'e the largest;
they have a joleasant scent, al^ hang down-
wards like small bells." There are some
flowers that seem to be neither male or
female, and are called hermaphrodite.
When there arc lines 200 yards long with
thousands of flowers, they must be n
great boon to bees in the months they are
in bloom : they are easy to grow, can be
bought of any market grower, or seed
can be purchased of your favourite seeds-

554

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 18, 1920.

man for a few shillings. We grow ours
alternately with black currants, but if
grown by the acre let the lines Ibe sown
Ox- planted 3 ft. apart, they do better
than in raised beds ; only on wet ground
is it advisable to have the beds raised,
but on well-drained lands we have always
found it best to plant on the flat, with
potassia salts (or kainit) and sulphate
of ammonia. In two years the growth
will be vigorous, each year after the very
best will realise good prices, with plenty
for home consumption as well. In order
that the plants should do well each year,
do not cut the edible pieces tog late in
summer. As soon as peas come in liber-
ally horticulturists do not use asparagus,
tlipy know that the more liberal the
growth of feathery foliage, the better re-
sults the following season ; the more of
this sumimer's growth allowedi to perfect
its flowers, the more of these pendulous
sweet-scented bells that give off the nec-
tar that bees like to gather.

The same writer gives lengthy para-
graphs on the varieties of thyme, so much
sought after by bees, though miany think
that the honey tastes strongly of this pun-
gent herb. This plant has also three varie-
ties of blossom, some hermaphroditic
flowers, others seem to be partly male and
partly female, while others are perfect
female flowers, whidh produce such quanti-
ties of seed. I remember once, when lay-
ing out a new vegetable garden on a
gentlemen's estate, there was a difficulty
in getting edging for tlie paths. A 5s.
packet of common thyme was sown, and
the plants used as edging for the paths;
when these grew well and flowered freely,
bees were always on them, and the wealth
of surplus honey at that time was very
marked.

We had the bees out most days this last
week ; they have robbed out one of the
blacks, which were very strong, and also
had a rack of half-filled sections. It
was a hive that was bought last winter,
the entrance was very large, quite an
inch .deep. We find it better to have
a bee way nearly across the front,
but only deep enough to let out the
drones, not deep as was this particular
one. My friend in Wimborne says the
same; they had robbed out one that he
had given a new Italian queen from
Penna's. — J. J. Kettle.

Honey Imports.

The registered value of honey imported
into the United Kingdom during the
month of October, 1920, was ^14,234.—
From a return furnished by the Statisti-
cal Office, H.M, Customs.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

The charming weather still lingers. On
yonder upland one sees the first sown
wheat well vip in its rows of emerald
green ; indeed, it began to sprout before
the harvest in the next field had been
cleared. Thus do the green and the
golden meet together, and seed time and
harvest kiss each other. Each day un-
folds some new beauty of colour and
shade. The sun rises clear from clouds,
one day like a massive sunflower, another
like a luminous blood-red rose. This
morning, however, there were two clouds
of haze stretching across the eastern hori-
zon, and between them stretched a belt
of gold. This belt, viewed through the
delicate tracery of a white elm's branches,
gave the appearance of tinselled lace
beset with gems of topaz illuminated by
an unflickering fire. It was a morn of
wonderful warmth, and the bees came out
between eight and nine. Clumps of fever-
few in full blow offered pollen to those
bees who wished to gather the bloom dust
from these flowers, but the majority
went off to the woods with t"he hum of
work, and I watched many come back
loaded, so much so that they fell as they
attempted to strike the alighting board.
In and out as if 'twere May rather than
November ; they are very excited over it
too. One soon discovers the cause of
this elation, a rotten bough had broken
off, and opened out a store of honey
within a tree. The bees who had stored
it there had but a small hole through
which to enter, so that guarding was not
difficult, but when a ga^p as large as a
football is made defence is hopeless. I
note the tree bees are Italians — one of
my lost swarms, maybe. I feel some sorrow
for them, as I realise that in a very short
time their small store will have been
taken frftm them, and they, poor things,
left to starve.

I went to visit an apiary some five
miles distant yesterday. Alas ! the tale
that has to be told. Colonies which a
month ago were going strong, queens
laying, ample stores, clean hives, etc.,
were now evidently queenless.

What means all this failing and dis-
appearing of queens? I' mi rapidly coming
to the conclusion that we have yet
another disease to baffle us — a disease
which attacks the mothers of the hive.
It is logical enough. Most" bee diseases
we know of attack queens lost; now it

Nov. 18, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

555

seems there is one which attacks queens
fi:r.st. This queen's evil — ^disease or no
disease — has shown itself evei'Ywhere this
year; the columns of The British Bee
Journal prove it. If disease there be,
how are we going to deal with it? All
one knows of it, so far, is that it gives
the queen a desire to leave her home and
kindred and return no more. 0 !
Ptolemy, Hiva, Linnaeus, "Virgil, Savon,
Woods, Nutt, Cheshire, Root, Carr,
Cowan, have none of you ought to say of
this? Doctors Goodrich, Alexander,
Abushady, Lord, Strong, can you en-
lighten us? Miss Betts, most diligent of
all researchers, what say you? We fight
" I.O.W." disease, foul brood, and the
like, and keep it at bay, but Nostrce
Bcgincc, if they go under we despair.

My experience with this apiary set me
looking once more through my own.
Yes, one queen has gone, loads of honey,
much gathered from flowers, much
sneaked froim a skep over the hedge which
a farmer had established there, bees run-
ning about like penned sheep when a dog
appears. Several queen wasps in the
hive, and welcomed as if, forsooth, the
bees hoped that one of themi might be
able to carry on the colony. This gave
me another thought. The large number
of queen wasps about is phenomenal. Can
it be that these have forced an entrance
into the hives and sought out and killed
the queen? If so, we may rest in our
beds sadder and wiser men. Why haven't
we sought out and destroyed the wasps'
nests? The answer in my case is I did
a lot of seeking, but found very few
nests. Where all the wasps came from
I knew not. Mysterious hiding places
had they, and they knew it. Well, there
it is, a queen disease, or queens slain by
wasps.

The sun is seting now, and the blue sky
turns grey. Out west clouds of flaky
white are tinged with red — the colour
deetpens and extends ; the south-western
sky becomes aflame; there's a tinge of
frost in the air ; old William passes, and
exclaims, " fine day to-morrow." Soon
the blinds will fall and the lamps be lit,
but not before tea is taken with the fire-
light, which, with the twilight and the
homelight, make autumn evenings so full
of peace. Darkness is falling fast. I
have a service to-night — Armistice Day —
after it's over, supper and bed. May be
I'll dream of queen wasps crawling over
me, entering through the window, the
keyhole, through the floor — like Bishop
Hatto's rats — everywhere. I'll mind not,
but I should like to know what has be-
come of all those queen bees which have
left their homes to dwindle and perish. —
E. F. Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

Do Bees "Do Nothing

Invariably " ?

(By L. Willis.)
(Coniitihued from page 546.)

It is simple enough to prevent swarming
earlier in the season, but " come " July
(and then owing to the bad weather, bee-
keepers generally have to- stand by and
see their stocks playing the fool, and con-
trol going into thin air), willy-nilly the
bees will, nay, apparently, irmst prepare
for re-queening as the call of their nature
for a young vigorous queen grows impera-
tive, and appalling masses of drones are
raised to further this end. Whether it is
a swarm or a stock which has been pre-
vented from swarming is indifferent — ■
prepare they will with desperate energy.
I have cut out cell after cell persistently
from swarms hived earlier, only to find at
long last a travesty of a queen, and a
fiendishly tempered stock, and I doubt
whether in nature ibees ever take over a
previous year's queen. But fulfil their
necessities, and that stock, if manipulated
with forethought and reason, will give up
all idea of swarming and show an excel-
lent sheet when a honey flow comes on.

Taken all round, the beginning of July
i^ roughly about the time when, if swarm-
ing is allowed, the swarmed stocks get
their new queens in full swing. Why re-
queen later and run counter to them?
Well and good the necessity to have
plenty of young bees at the fall to
carry over a stock, but who that has had
a stock re-queened early July, and one
interfered with in this respect in late
Aug^ist or September, can for a moment
doubt the evidence of their eyes. The
for/ner stock overflows with hees, and has
a goodly portion of eggs, young brood and
food, and an uninterruptedly laying
queen, and, not least, the stock is in a
most happy and contented frame of mind,
well bedded-in to meet the dangers ahead;
the less said about the other from a small-
holder's point of view the better — it is
restless and vicious, unsatisfied and fear-
ful ; and in the spring the stock re-
ffiieened in its natural season leads every
time, and keeps the lead.

Nor cAn Al queens be reared so late —
not qiieens that can head a seven-storey
hive with success and distinction. Ye
gods ! the specimens we have bought
late in the season. The "bees, while not
daring to kill them, have wildly
attempted to raise cells, and that
in September, showing sheer hopelessness,
so much so that we killed the apologies
and joined the stocks up. Why re-queen
out of nature's time? The bee-keeper
cannot do it and pi-ofit. While out-of-
season breeding can be done to a point
with larger live stock for an extra and

556

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 18. 192Q;

added profit, I suggest it cannot be done
to that end with bees, because bees pecu-
liarly depend upon the outside tem-
perature and floral seasons, and
also because they semi-hibernate —
and don't drop plumib sudden into
that state either, as if they had gone
off into -a faint, bvit gradually slow down
to their winter's rest, and interrupting
this is to interfere with their vitality
and well being. Artificially-raised queens
at abnormal times of the year are
anathema to any apiary run for profit;
they are a sheer waste of time and money,
not to speak of the health and happiness
of the bees, and are a back number. An-
other point, you can raise queens in the
season by nuclei, by de-queening, by
brood skied, but none will give the large,
long, shining beauties produced under
natural happy swarming conditions ; such
a queen will head a many storied hive and
stock it with bees for wintering, and an
overflowing of young life in the spring,
right on to her last lap when her race is
nearly done, and it is for the youngsters
to carry on. It is well to keep a stock
or two for this purpose and get them to
the swarming point, but never let the bees
start swarming out — it is infectious. To
see an Italian apiary on the move is in
the nature of a nightmare or harlequinade
(it depends upon the state of your pocket
which view you take) ; it is almost impos-
sible to move for bees; in. and out each
others' hives; in the air, the hedges, the
grass; and, by the way, it is not extra-
ordinary that some of the old queens
should not exactly be high fliers, bless
'em, after their strenuous endeavours, and
considering they are almost played out.

Another thing I have found to seriously
upset stocks is autumn syrup feeding.
There are few seasons, very few indeed,
when autumn feeding is necessary if a
stock lias been manipulated apprecia-
tively right through from the commence-
ment of the season ; and with the bugbear
of our unsettled weather, it is wise to
ir.anipulate stocks that at no time are
thev so placed that it is Impossible for
them to carry on, and the wintering obli-
gjations should be carried in mind from
the first to the last operation. It is not
natural for bees to store a large quantity
of liquid when the temperature does not
admit of a honey flow, and the bees are
forced into an abnormal activity, to their
detriment, with the winter almost upon
them, and I suggest that by so feeding
we place them in an artificial and
thoronsrhly wrong position ; quite apart
from the fact that syrup, even if they got
the opportunity to thoroughly seal it,
unlike Nature's ordained food, lacks valu-
able constituents. The difference again

between stocks wintered on their own food
and wintered on syrup bears no compari-
son in quick building up in the spring.
Admitted that the bee-keeper has to get
his stocks overflowing with bees in the
spring if he is to have a suocessiful sea-
son ; but I have found candy fulfil this
requirement without placing a hive in
a.i abnormal condition and damp excite-
ment ; it also guards against the strongest
stock being overdrawn on its requirements,
for the stronger the stock the more danger
there is of this as our uncertain spring
develops. Especially is this the case after
the first fine snap when the bees, thinking
their summer has come, breed all out;
then the seeds of disease and loss can be
spread broadcast in an apiary, if, as is
so often the case, a bad spell follows.
For this reason latterly we did not remove
their winter feeding-boards until the
danger was well passed and they were
fairly started, so as to enable us to re-
candy within 24 hours of a break.

A further point in favour of letting
them prepare for winter naturally and
quietly is the absence of robbing. I have
no hesitation in saying that that is a far
more insistent and ever-present problem
than is disease, when running on a larger
scale. A good tip, by the way, to enable
one to control the entrances iwithout in-
commoding large stocks is to cut out the
middle of each slide from the centre for
a matter of 5 or 6 in. and tack across a
piece of fine perforated zinc; especially is
this useful in the autumn when they have
also the wasps to face, as in the evening
and early morning, w'hen their activity is
at such a low ebb, the largest stocks can
be put on one bee space or so without
detriment ; and they also winter finely
with such slides as direct draught is
eliminated. The flush side of the slide,
however, sihould be turned inside the hive,
as otherwise it forms a kind of trap and
makes the bees disagreeable.

It is recognised that unless a bee-
keeper prevents swarming he cannot make
good, for to get a certain return it is
necessary to run for two harvests; the
first, the nuclei, he can count on ; the
second depends on a later honey flow, as
no honey may he taken from the apiary
in the first part of the season; as other-
wise the shadow of profit not the sub-
stance is grasped, as with from four to
six nuclei per stock to provide for, and
also uncertain weather periods ahead, it
is a suicidal policy to utilise the first-
fruits elsewhere and expect the stocks
to be in such condition that advantage
«an be taken of a later honey flow. A
late honey flow turns up in most years,
and the thing is to be ready for it.

{To he continued.)

Nov. 18, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

557

Notes from the West.

We so very rarely hear of "a good
report" for the past season that the
writer under that heading, on page 513,
has made us rather ciirious to know where-
about he or she is located. But quite
possibly the address has been purposely
left out — ^lest all the hives in the kingdom
found their way there by next season.
The" district seems to be such a " bee-
keepers' El Dorado ' ' that, only for the
housing problem, the " noble " writer
would soon have a multitude of brother
—and sister — beekeepers about him. But,
really, I think it would be most desirable,
for more than one reason, if writers to
the bee papers allowed a short (if not a
full) address to follow their names.

With good prolific strains of bees as we
now have, and are likely tO' have in the
future, the use of double brood-chambers
has many advantages. The bee guides
and " periodicals of this country and
America contain a good number of them,
but there is one that I have not seen
mentioned in any book or magazine, and
that is, the way it can be used by the
apiarist as a means of

DRONE CONTROL.

All advanced beekeepers are now con-
vinced that the male element plays an
important part in the apiary, and we
often wish that we could have better con-
trol over our drones. I do not mean to
suggest that what I am about to write
has solved the problem, but it is a short
step in the desired direction, so I shall
try to explain what acted very satisfac-
torily with me diiring the past season.
Of course, drones from other apiaries are
beyond our control, but where we are
fairly isolated (as in my own case), we
can expect good results from the plan.
We generally decide in the autumn what
stocks we intend using for queen-rearing,
and also for drone-rearing. It is a good
plan to insert a comb with drone cells
in the centre of the latter stock or stocks
before packing down for winter. This
will be Titilised in the production of early
drones from the selected drone mothers.
At the same time, all drone comb — as far
as practicable — should he removed from
all the other hives, as it would be nothing
but waste to allow those colonies to raise
a number of unnecessary drones. But.
do what we will, they are sure to be found
more or less in each' colony, so that it
becomes our task to arrange their home
in such a way that they are not allowed to
fly durino: the time our young queens are
out on their mating trips. Drone traps
at the entrances have been tried, and

" found wanting." They hinder the
traffic so much that they have long ago
been discarded in the up-to-date apiary
as worthless toys.

All stocks should be built up in the
spring as equally as possible, by uniting
weak lots and giving combs of hatching
brood from the extra strong to those in
need of them, so that all will be ready
for additional room at about the same
time. The date of our queen-rearing
operations is fixed in advance, so that,
about a week before our queens are due
to hatch, we take steps to make sure that
no undesirable drones are free. We now
adopt Alexander's plan of providing each
of these stocks with an extra brood-
chamber — and with a W.B.C. hive this is
an easy matter. The work should be
done in the evening, when no drones are
out. Moving the stock box to one side,
or to the back of the stand, we place the
new brood box on the floor-board. The
new box is already fille-d Tvith frames of
drawn-out comb or full sheets of founda-
tion, one of which is taken out from the
middle. We now examine the old stock
box, and find the comb on which the queen
is. This we carefully examine, and shoxild
there be any drones on it, we brush them
— every one — back into their hive, and
also cut out any drone cells that may be
in this comb. If the comb contains
young brood and eggs only, all the better.
We now place it carefully in the space
in the new brood box, which is then
covered with a sheet of queen excluder.
The combs in the old brood box are now
closed together, so as to make room on
the outside for the frame taken out of
the new chamber, and it is then fixed
on the new box over the excluder, and
all covered up. We now have the queen
below, where she will have plenty of room
to exercise her ovipositing powers, and
this chamber will be quite all right for
a time. Periodical attention should,
however, be given to the top chamber.
All the drones and drone brood were left
here, and if the stock persisted in rear-
ing them in large numbers — as they some-
times will — there is a danger of the ex-
cluder being clogged up, so we must do
something to rid this chamber of as many
of its imprisoned drones as possible.
fTTow will the bees persist in roaring
drones with the queen below that is, be-
yond) the ^ggs lalrea'dy laid? — Eds'.I
In about five to seven days' time, about
noon on a warm sunny dav, the quilt is
drawn back a little from the ends of the
frames, and a drone-trap placed over the
opening. The older drones will soon be
attracted by the light and the warmth,
and they make for the opening. In about
an hour the trap may be removed, and

558

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Nov. 18, 1920.

its contents destroyed. One trap can be
used on two or three hives during the
same day. The hive roof should, of course,
be "off iwhile the trap is on. My traps
are inexpensive boxes, long 'enough to
cover the width of the brood-chamber.
They are divided into two compartments
by a iboard, just wide enough to allow
the light to descend, and for the drones
to ascend from the lower to the upper
storey. The front of the upper compart-
ment is covered with a Wilkes's wire
excluder — shallow frame size — and the
contrivance answers the purpose well.
When the traps have been in use, it is
well to look over the combs in the upper
storey the same evening, in order to
destroy any queen cells that may have
been formed. The few remaining drones
will not be eager to fly then, but may be
quite ready to enter the trap when it is
next put on in a few days. If we use
some of these combs to form nuclei, care
should be taken to' brush back all drones
into the hive, and also to cut out all
unhatched drone-brood. By the time the
combs in th^ lower chamber are fully
occupied by the queen, and the boxes have
again tO' be reversed, the first batch of
- young queens will — in an ordinary season
— be all mated to drones that have been
flying in great numbers from the hives
selected for that purpose. With this
little extra trouble, many apiarists could,
in a few seasons, greatly assist in the
eradication of bee disease by breeding
and mating their queens from the fittest
and best stocks only.

The present-day tendency of the craft
is to breed for prolificacy of queen. 'i, ias
we can see from the majority of adver-
tisements and testimonials exhibited by
many breeders. The real goal of bee-
keeping, viz., the prodnction of honey,
seems with them xo be a secondary matter.
There is a great danger of this tendency
being overdone — at the cost of stamina
and hardiness in the stock produced. The
softest bees in my apiary to-day are the
progeny of a queen which I valued greatly,
as she was from a first-class breeder.
This mav be due to in-hreedinq. While
the hardiest bees are some of my own
rearing from vigorous mothers mated to
selected unrelated drones.

T. Altjn Jones,
Halkyn, Flintshire.

[The point in the last paragraph does
not receive the attention it should. It
does not by any means follow that a large
•population, the pi'ogeny of a very pro-
lific queen, will store honev in proportion
to the numlber of b-^es in the colony, and.
as Mr. .Tones rightly says, the real goal
of beekeeping is honey production.—
Eds.]

1920 Notes.

Single walled hives are chiefly used in
our apiaries, and the following is our
method of wintering these. Two dum-
mies are put into each brood chamber,
two brood chambers standard size depth
if possible, failing that one standard and
one shallow. Eight frames in each, quilt
over all, then newspaper tucked into eke
or lift on top, a little hay spread over all,
then more newspaper and much hay, but
not enough to touch the roof. Straw is
better, but as it takes two loads to winter
all our socks down I consider it too ex-
pensive nowadays. Where a single brood
chamber is used for winter I prefer to
have an eke or shallow super underneath.
Entrances are closed to about two
and a half inches long, in front of this is
put perforated zinc with bee space
entrances cut out, saw-tooth fashion, thus
preventing mice from geting in that way,
and stocks can be left at out apiaries per-
fectly safe on that score.

French bee-keepers sometimes use an
interesting contraption for their en-
trances, and quite a sound idea. They
have a strip of metal with small close
corrugations (about a bee-space corruga-
tion, really) and this they slip in the
entrance, thus preventing mice froni
getting into the hive. Perhaps one of our
appliance dealers will put one on the
market.

From letters received, I think bee-
keepers experienced some trouble in get-
ting their extracting supers free from un-
capped honey, or cleaned up this autumn,
owing to the cold weather. In these
cases our method is to put the super to
be cleaned underneath the brood cham-
ber and not on top, removing it when
empty. Two or three can be put under in
this way provided the stocks are strong
enough.

Two interesting experiences occurred
this year, the first in No. 3 apiary. A
very small swarm came out of a strong
stock, leaving the old clipped queen
behind and 90 per cent of the bees. One
virgin had hatched out which they had
with them, and there were not other queen
cells in the stock.

In the autumn a similar thing hap-
pened with a supersedure virgin just as
some local visitors arrived. It took some
considerable time to find out which stock
they came from by the flour method, as
there were over a hundred stocks in that
apiary, and the floured bees imitated
the example of the " Wandering Jew."
This swarm also was a " pea nut" one.
Mating of Queens. — Mr. Sladen has
been experimenting in Canada in regard
to the mating of young queens with hand-
picked selected drones and resulting im-

Nov. 18, 192Q.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

659

perfect matings, ascribing this, so far as
I could gather, to the hand-picked drones.
From my own experience, I should think
it more probably to be due to the strong
winds he experienced at that time. 1919
was a terror in that respect, and this last
season has tried to cap it. We did not
commence queen rearing in I'eal earnest
this year until August was well in, and
struck lucky on September 10, getting
quite a number mated. If bee-keepers
owning microscopes would like me to send
them " sports" during the. season, will
they please send a stamped addressed
queen cage, with no candy, the candy hole
not to be nailed down, but open, so that
fresh candy can be inserted quickly? We
really haven't the time to do anything
that means a lot of fuss, and I think
many can realise that, yet at the same
time are ready to do what we can.

Bee Spacings. — -When first getting out
py design of hive, which afterwards
turned out to be nothing else but a dupli-
cate of one brought out by the late Mr.
John Howard I decided to ignore
the conventional beo space. First I
arranged for | in. to 1 in. depth under
the frames on the floor-board. This is
now getting quite common. Instead of
giving ^ in. space at the ends of
the frames I give rather more, the
dimensions across the hive being 14 and
9-16ths to 14| in. I have not found this
to produce any extra brace comb, but
that the 14^ in. dimension must not be
exceeded. This "extra space, although
very little, is of great assistance in the
rapid manipulation of frames of bees, and
results in quite a saving of time, a great
consideration where a number of stocks
have to be examined. — G. Thomas, Bur-
well, Cambs.

Prosecution for Selling Syrup
as Honey.

I enclose a cutting fi'om the Eaxtern
Daily Prcxs of November 1, which, if you
will publish in The British Bee Journal,
will be of interest to bee-keepers I am
sure. It just shows what some of the
foreign so-called honey is made of, and
sold -at 2s. 8d. per lb.

I have had, for the season, a very fair
yield of all Al quality honey, 13 cwt. 5 st.
from 2.5 hives, spring count, increased to
35 stocks, packed down. Have sold 82
stone, mostly to private customers, in
7-lb. tins, some to local dairies in 1-lb.,
5-lb., and 5-lb. pots, but none at
2s. 8d. per lb. Every one of the 35 stocks
I have packed down with as near 25 lb.
of food' as I could judge, most of them
with a shallow box of nine frames on

the top of brood body, which, I think,
makes the best winter passage. I have
fed 200 lbs. of sugar to make up the
balance of 25 lbs. of food per stock,
which I ordered in August and obtained
the first week in September, and had to
pay Is. 5^d. per lb. for it.

AH my stocks except two have a young
queen, which I reared and introduced in
July ; every one was accepted. I did not
look in after introducing queens until
supers were taken oif the latter part of
August. I judged by outside appear-
ances. The exchange of queens was car-
ried out in the middle of the day, when
bees were busy.

At another date I will give you the
method I adopted of re-queening ; but
this letter, I am afraid, you will think
is too long now. — Richard Ling, Briston,
Melton Constable.

BEFORE THE MAGISTRATES.

East Dereham, Friday.

(Before Messrs. A. G. Copeman (who pre-
sided), T. Bedford, G. Brett, T. B. F.
Daniel, A. Huston, and W. Wilson.)
Henry Walden, grocer, High Street,
Dereham, was summoned for selling
honey adulterated with at least 70 per
cent, of starch s/jrup and cane syrup.

Mr. W. B. Barry (Middleton), "inspec-.
tor under the Food and Drugs Act, prose-
cuted, and Mr. B. H. Vores appeared
for the defendant, who pleaded guilty.

Mr. Barry sa.id the honey was sold as
Californian honey, but it consisted
largely of syrup, which was not a con-
stituent of honey. It was artificially
sweetened with saccharin, and was prac-
tically an artificial product. He under-
stood the defendant had a warranty
from the people who supplied him, but
unfortunately he did not take advice in
time, and the warranty was not available
as a defence.

In evidence Mr. Barry said on Sep-
tember 11 he purchased at defendant's
shop 2 lbs. of honey at 2s. 8d. He pro-
duced the certificate of the Public
Analyst, which stated the sample sub-
mitted to him contained at least 70 per
cent, of starch syrup and cane syrup,
and that the proportion of genuine honey
in the sample was at the most 30 per
cent., and it might be much less. The
mixture had been artificially sweetened
by the addition of saccharin.

Mr. Vores said unfortunately the de-
fendant was ignorant of the law with
regard to the warranty he had got, and
he therefore had a good defence which
was cut out simply by accidental circum-
stances. It was purely a matter of mis-
fortune on his part.
Edwin Watts, of the Standard Health

560

THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Nov. 18, 1920.

Food Co., Ltd., who sold the honey to
defendant, deposed in effect that on the
invoice he gave a guarantee that the
honey was pure. He subsequently wrote
a letter to the defendant to the same
effect. His firm purchased the stuff as
Californian honey, but they were let
down in the matter, and were taking
proceedings against the man who sup-
plied it. So far as the defendant was
•concerned, he was perfectly innocent,
and no reflection should rest upon his
character in the town, and any expenses
attached to the case witness's firm would
be glad to meet.

The Chairman said when the defendant
took these things he ran the risk, and he
should be fairly satisfied that what he
sold was genuine. He would have to
pay £1 inclusive.

South Staffordshire and District
Bee-Keepers' Association.

ANNUAL ASSOCIATION SHOW.

The members of the above Association
held their Annual Show of Bee Produce
and Bee Appliances at St. James' School,
Eve Hill, Dudley, on Saturday, Octo-
ber 30, 1920.

The show was opened by the Mayor of
Dudley, T. W. Adshead, Esq., J. P. Mr.
A. B. Whitehouse presided, and in intro-
ducing the Mayor, said they were very
grateful to him for coming to open the
show, especially considering he is so
fully occupied as the chief citizen of the
borough, a large employer of labour, and
connected with so many philanthropic
works. The exhibits were not so numerous
as in some years, in consequence of the
unfavourable season for honey gather-
ing, and the attendance was not so large
as formerly, caused undoubtedly by the
difficulties of railway travelling through
the miners' strike. The object of the
Association was to produce honey. For
many years this article has been largely
imported from foreign countries, wealth
leaving this country and enriching
others. The Association was out to pro'-
duce our own honey, and thus benefit
the community.

The Mayor, in opening the show, said
the Secretary had called upon him
several times before to be present at the
Christmas dinner at the institution of
which he was master, but bees were out
of his experience ; he could not say any-
thing about them. If he had been asked
to say something about bedsteads he
would have been in a better position.
He had sought information from the dic-
tionaries and encyclopaedias, hvH found
nothing very enlightening. He was

pleased to know that the object of the
Association was to produce an article of
food which was so largely imported, and
so necessary; it would not only produce
wealth to them^ but to the country, and
help in the matter of transport. He
should be pleased to help the Association
in its endeavours.

The Judge, Mr. Calishaw, of Cannock,
said the difiicult part of the judge's work
was not that there were so many exhibits
in consequence of the bad season, but the
quality. Every exhibit was worth a
prize. The ladies he would recommend
not to put so much colouring ingredients
in the cakes.

The prizes for the exhibits were as
follows: —

Class 1 — Section Honey. — 1, Mr.
Cheshire; 2, Mr. Hildreth.

Class 2. — Light Run Honey. — 1, Mr.
Cheshire; 2, Mr. Griffiths; 3, Mr.
Hildreth.

Class 3. — Dark Run Honey. — 1, Mr.
Cheshire; 2, Mr. Hildreth; 3, Mr.
Thompson .

Class 4. — Granulated Honey. — 1, Mr.
Cheshire; 2, Mr. Hildreth.

Class 5.— Bees Wax. — 1, Mr. Cheshire;
2, Mrs. Thompson; 3, Mr. Griffiths.
Class 6.— Bee Candy.— 1, Mr. Hildreth.
Class 7. — Wired Brood Frame. — 1, Mr.
Hildreth; 2, Mr. Cheshire.

Class 8. — Best Wired Shallow Frame. —
1. Mr. Hildreth; 2, Mr. Cheshire; 3, Mr.
Thompson.

Class 9. — Best Exhibit of a Practical

Nature 1, Mr. Hildreth.

Class 10.— Best Cake.— 1, Mrs. Thomp-
son; 2, Mrs. Griffiths; 3, Mr, Cheshire.

A vote of thanks was passed to the
Mayor and to the Judge for thpir services
rendered.

Tea was provided in the Parish Hall,
after which a meeting of the Association
members was held. Mr. Whitehouse,
President, said he was a small bee-keeper
of a few years' standing. He knew a
little about bees through seeing his
brother with his bees, and the war caus-
ing a shortage of sugar, he determined
to commence i)ee-keeping to help to meet
the want. The first and second years he
had been fairly successful, but recently
he lost his stocks through ." I.O.W."
disease. In looking at the matter from
a poor man's view, the loss of stocks
through " I.O.W." was a very serious
matter to him, and he thought the Asso-
ciation ought to adopt some method to
assist the bee-keeper in his loss. Mr.
Price, Stafford County Expert, perhaps
would be able to enlighten them on the
suhject.

Mr. Price said he did' not see how this
could be arranged at the present time;

Nov. 18, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

561

it was a big question, and required a lot
of safeguards. Mr. Price then addressed
the meeting, taking for his subject " My
Visit to the Apis Club," and said: " The
Club was instituted for the purpose of
bringing bee-keepers together in all parts
of the world with a view to discussing
matters in modern bee-keeping, and for
experimental and educational work. For
this purpose the Bee World, the official
organ of the Apis Club, was printed.

Dr. Abushady, the originator of this,
is an Egyptian by birth, who studied
medicine in this country, and practised
for some time at Hurst Hill, near Bilston,
nearly three years ago. Shortly after
leaving this district, owing to ill-health,
he closed his home and laboratory at
Ealing, and went to live an open-air life
at Benson. This was where I visited
him. It is at present the headquarters
of the Apis Club. I have never seen such
an enthusiast before. He has put all his
energy into the subject, and, despite his
ill-health, he is establishing an apiary of
considerable size. There are 90 stocks of
bees, which are used for commercial, ex-
perimental and training purposes. I was
greatly surprised to see everything in
such splendid order ; it was a .treat to
walk round the apiary with such an
interesting companion as the Doctor.
Apart fromi the enormous amount of work
required in preparing and editing the
Bee World, dealing with vast correspond-
ence connected with the Club, and work
among the bees, the Doctor has turned
his attention to inventing a metal comb
which promises to supersede anything yet
attempted. His experiments with this
comb are wonderful, have been neces-
sarily costly ; but it is pleasing to see
that he has been able to invent a comb
which undoubtedly will have a great
future. I frankly admit I never expected
to see such self-sacrifice as the Doctor
and his English wife are making for the
sake of uplifting the craft of bee-keeping
and placing it on a higher plane. A
scheme of shares of the Apis Club has
been arranged, whereby funds can be
provided for the further development of
inventions and research and the distribu-
tion of the Bee World. It now rests
entirely with bee-keepers themselves
whether these two valuable assets are to
be held in abeyance for want of support.
I therefore appeal to all bee-keepers to
do their best to help forward the good
work."

The Secretary, giving an address on
" The Objects of the Association, and
Suggestions," said the objects were in-
struction, sociability, and helpfulness.
Referring to bee literature, he strongly
recommended the Bee World as being

thoroughly alive to the bee-keeper's
interest. It was attractive, well printed
and illustrated, and served a double pur-
pose in helping themselves and provid-
ing funds for the Apis Club. He also
referred to the establishing of an Asso-
ciation library of bee literature contain-
the best known books on bees, to demon-
strations at the summer meetings for the
benefit of the new members, and to the
advice of experts in visiting members'
apiaries. He also referred to the social
side of the Association, forming a bond
of union amongst bee-keepers, asking
questions, comparing notes and receiving
advice, and suggested that the Associa-
tion should consider some scheme whereby
it could help those members who have
sufl'ered loss by the " I.O.W." disease,
either by a fund established or approach-
ing an insurance company for that pur-
pose. He wanted to make the Associa-
tion a live, attractive, and useful organis-
ation, helpful to each other and the com-
munity at large.

Votes of thanks to Mr. Egginton, Sedg-
ley, for the loan of his specimen hives,
to" the Chairman, Mr. Price, and the
Secretary terminated a very successful
gathering. — W. J. Walton, 10, Burton
Road, Dudley, Hon. Sec.

Peterborough and District Bee-
Keepers' Association.

BEE RE-STOtJKING SCHEME.

A general meeting of the subscribers of
the re-stocking scheme in connection with
the Peterborough, Huntingdonshire,
Oundle and District Bee-keepers' Associa-
tion was held at the Bedford Hotel,
Peterborough, on October 16. Present :
Mp,. p. C. Clarke (in the chair), Lady
]\Iargaret Proby, Messrs. Andrews (ex-
pert), Arbon, Captain Constable, Messrs.
Jackson, F. Jackson, Landin (treasurer),
Lilley (trustee), Oliver, Paul,.B. Towler,
G. F. Stapleton and Cant, with the
Secretary (Mr. G. H. Seamer).

The accounts were read by the Secre-
tary, and in moving their adoption the
Chairman said he thought the scheme had
proved an unqualified success. The
amount standing to the credit of the
scheme, allowing for the stock on hand in
the Association's apiary at Ne^va-'k (at a
very low valuation), was £26 10s. 4d.~

Mr. Clarke said he thought the meet-
ing would agree that this was very satis-
factory, especially in view of the very
reasonable terms on which subscribers had
obtained their nuclei.

A discussion followed as to the future
of the re-storking scheme. The Secretary
briefly outlined its inauguration and
objects. Mr. L. Andrews did not seem to
favour the continuance, and mentioned

562

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 18, 1920.

the question of additional capital. He
doubted whether the scheme would be a
commercial success. Captain A. J.
Constable objected to the phrase " com-
mercial success." As he understood it,
the scheme was never intended to come
within the scope of a commercial enter-
prise, but was brought into existence with
the definite object of ensuring that
members were supplied with a nucleus of
hybrid bees, to replace those destroyed
by the " Isle of Wight " disease, and
later, if there was any surplus, this could
be disposed of to non-members at a reason-
able figure, and so encourage bee-keeping
throughout the district. He thought the
scheme had still a useful future in front
of it, and the present membership of the
Association and re-stocking scheme ought
to be greatly increased by propaganda
work during the coming winter.

Lady Margaret Proby shared this view,
and was greatly in favour of the continu-
ance of the scheme. She thought it would
be an unwise step to close down at the
present time a scheme which has been
so successful, and suggested that if
members wished to purchase another
nucleus in the coming spring, by all means
let them be able to do so. If they did
not actually require the stocks for their
own use, they could sell them to their
richer friends, or give them to cottagers,
and so spread the bee-keeping industry
throughout the villages. What she would
like to see would be that the ^30,000
worth of imported honey per month should
be supplied by our own apiaries from the
nectar which was in such abundance
throughout the country. (Applause.)

Captain Constable proposed that the
question of the maintenance of the re-
stocking scheme should be left over until
the annual meeting in January. This
was seconded by Mr. G. Jones (Glinton),
and carried unanimously.

A hearty vote of thanks was accorded
the Chairman for presiding, and Mr.
Clarke briefly replied.

The re-stocking scheme was instituted
owing to the disastrous outbreak of " Isle
of Wight " disease amongst the stocks
throughout the country. The Food Pro-
duction Department of the Ministry of
Agriculture decided during 1918 to import
a number of Dutch stocks and Italian
queens. The Peterborough re-stocking
scheme, through the Horticultural Sub-
Committee of the Peterborough Educa-
tion Committee, were fortunate in
obtaining six of the former stocks in
skeps, and 12 Italian queens. An apiary
was established in the nursery gardens of
Peterborough Co-operative Society at
Newark in April, 1919, under the
management of Mr. L. Andrews. Sixty
ladies and gentlemen became subscribers

to the scheme, and during 1919 fourteen
of these were supplied with nuclei of
hybrid bees. Each nucleus consisted of
three combs headed by a queen reared
from the Government stocks. During the
year 1920 the remaining 46 members
have each received a nucleus, whilst
several stocks and queens were purchased
by non-members. There still remain on
hand 12 stocks to be wintered, which are
available for breeding in the coming
spring. The number of frames of comb
drawn out and occupied by bees was 324,
fifty-four of which form the 12 stocks on
hand. A number of extra drawn-out
combs were also obtained. The total
receipts have been igllO 15s., and the ex-
penditure ^112 Is. 2d. The stock on
hand (fixed and live) amounts to
^28 5s. 6d. It is hoped that a number of
lectures will be given during the winter
in Peterborough and district, so that a
larger number of persons will take up this
most interesting and profitable hobby.
Mr. G. H. Seamer, of " Grace Dieu,"
Waterloo Road, Peterborough, secretary
of the Association, wall be glad to give any
information as to membership, purchase
of stocks, etc.

The Editors do not hold themselvea retpontibte
for the opinions expressed hy correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on on*
aide of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Disease in U.S.A.

[10335] I see from reading your Jouii-
NAL, bee-keepers in England are having
trouble with a disease you call " Isle of
Wight " disease. Judging from the brief
symptoms you give in answer to A. C
Eraser (Lines), viz., bees affected with
•' Isle of Wight " disease fall to the
ground and are unable to fly. From this
description it appears to be a similar dis-
ease to one which affected bees in my
apiary about 10 years ago, and from
which they recovered. I gave the disease
a different name at the time, and called
it partial paralysis, because only the wings
were useless, the legs and other parts
could be used, even the generative organs
of the queens, so brood rearing went on.
Other symptoms that were observable with
the affected bees were that after falling

Nov. 18, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

563

tL> the ground they ran off in a hurry to
get somewhere, and apparently driven by
pain would climb up blades of grass or
straws, and after exhausting themselves
cluster in small bunches, and eventually
die. My loss from colonies dying clean out
was about 5 per cent., the loss from colo-
nies more or less affected, but that even-
tually recovered, was greater. I would
like t-o know if my description of partial
paralysis tallies with your ' ' ' Isle of
Wight " disease; if so I might say some-
thing in the line of treatment. — Wm.
Belshaw, Route 2 Everett, Wash., U.S.A.

[The symptoms given above are identi-
cal with those of " Isle of Wight " disease.
In addition the abdomens of the bees are
generally swollen, and the intestines full
of undigested pollen. There is often also
heavy soiling of the combs, and both in-
side and outside of the hives, though this
symptom is not so prevalent now.' — Eds.]

Qutriei reaching thi$ office not later than
FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING toill. if
foiaible, be antwered in the " Journal " the fol-
lowing Thur$dav. Tho$e arriving later will be held
over until th« following week. Only SPECIALLY
URGENT queries will be replied to by post if
• STAMPED addressed envelope is enclosed. All
queries must be accompanied by the name and
address of the sender, not necessarily for publica-
tion, but as a guarantee of good faith. Corre-
epondents are requested to write on one side of
the paper only.

Bees Queenless in Late
Autumn.

[9914] One of my stocks is queenless,
the bees having " balled " her through
late manipulation. A dealer informs me
he cannot supply queen through lateness
of season, and in any case she would prob-
ably die through post as the weather is
not conducive to safe travel. The stock is
strong, and well provided with stores for
safe wintering. Would same live through
■winter queenless and be immune from
disease? The only colony I haA-e to which
bees could be united is a June swarm in
a box. These woidd have to be driven, I
presume, for uniting purposes. Taking
into consideration the coldness of the
weather and circumstances as stated,
what would you advise to enable me to
retain stock safe through the winter?

(2) Newspaper Method of Uniting. —
Having been out of touch with bee-keep-
ing during the last five years, 1 do not
understand the meaning of " newspaper

method" of queen introduction, nor
"brown paper" uniting, and w^ould be
glad of an explanation and advice
through the columns of your valuable
Journal. — D. H. W^rLKiNSON.

Reply. — Our advice is to unite the box
hive of bees to the queenless colony and
winter both together. In the spring the
queen may be confined below by a queen
excluder, '^and the box removed later as
described on page 150 of the Guide
Book.

(2) The newspaper method is used for
uniting two colonies of bees, not for queen
introduction. It is a very simple and
safe method. A sheet of newspaper is
spread over the tops of the frames in
the loTA-er brood chamber, and the colony
to be united stood on the top. The bees
bite through the paper and unite peace-
fully.

Temperature for Opening Hives.

[9915] Could you let one have a defi-
nite rule for temperature at which it is
safe to open and examine hives? As late
as your last week's issue, andi again in
The Times yesterday, one reads of the
desirability of examining hives for stocks
of food. Uudoubtedly the weather has
been fine, but an examination is the last
thing I should think of at this time of
the year. — G. W. M.\lcolm.

Reply. — Hives should not be opened
with the teni'perature under 60 deg. F.
Better " let the bees tell you," and only
open hive.s when the bees are flying. Jt
is very unwise to open them at this time
of year unless absolutely necessary.

Correspondents desiring an answer in the next
issue should send questions to reach this office
NOT LATER than the FIRST POST on MONDAY
MORNINO. Only SPECIALLY URGENT ques-
tions will be replied to by post if a STAMPED
addressed envelope is enclosed. All questions must
be accompanied by the sender's name and address,
not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee
of good faitlL There i$ no fee for answering
questions.

E. B. G. (Sussex).— Plain or medicated candy.— It
is wiser to medicate the candy, as a precautionary
measure again6»t disease. For an average colony
leave the entrance about 4 in. wide.

G. L. B. (Ray ne).— Wintering with shallow combs
over brood chamber.— Jt the shallow combs
contain stores leave them on. If candy is
needed it can be given on top of the shallow
combe, or you might fit up a shallow frame to
cont-ain candy.

" Beginner " (Beeston).— Acarine disease is the
name proposed for what has hitherto been known
as " Isle of Wight " disease.

564

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 18, 1920.

Special Prepsdd Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trad* advertiBvmentM of Beeg, Honey, Queens,
and Bee aoodi are not permissible at above rate,
but wUl be interted at l^d. per word at " BubI-
ness " Announcements, immediatoly under ttie
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufa^iturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of Ss. per iin.. or 5s. pet inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven B«ee, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade term». A charge of 6d. extra will be
mads if a box number is used.

Advertisements mutt reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING for
insertion in the "Journal" the same week.

Orders for three or more amsecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE AiDVEBTISEfllOINTS.

FOR SALE, 84 Heather Sections. What offers?
—MIST, Pirbright Junction, Brookwood,
Surrey. k.73

WANTED, Swarms, headed toy Carniolan

Queens, May and June delivery. State

■price.— ANTHONY, 34, Knavesmire Crescent,

lork. k.7&

PURE LIGHT ENGLISH HONEY, 66-Ib. tin,
£5 14s. 6d., carriage paid; eample 6d.— T.
TUDOR, JUNR., 20, Spring Cottage, Little Dray-
ton, Salop. k.Tl

BACK NUMBERS B.B.J., 1903-1915, aleo Illus-
trated Dutch Bee Journals, to clear.—
ARCHER, 64, Kingston Road, Oxford. k.70

CORRESPONDENCE Courses in Bee-keeping.—
H. E. NEWTON, Hobart Road, New Milton,
Hants. r.k.69

EXTRACTED HEATHER HONEY, splendid
flavour, 1 cwt. What offers?— GARRETT,
Broadstone, Dorset. k.68

EE'S GEARED EXTRACTOR, 48s.; one not

geared, 55s.; excellent condition.— NORTH,

Cresang, Braintree, Essex. k.79

HIVES.— A limited number of strong, sound and
interchangeable, free from " I.O.W.," two
lifts, brood chamber, 10 frames, metal ends, wired
and new wax in each, roofs lined with zinc or iron,
price 35s., free on rail; cash with order.— FOSTER
& CO., Heath Side, Hillingdon Heath, Middlesex.
k^

I LOVE MY HONEY, but— O.U.B's. ! (oh! you
bees !). In other words, the bees have first call
on any honey produced. However, we can offer a
limited quantity of fine Sainfoin Honey to con-
noisseurs at 36s. per 14-lb. tin, carriage paid in
Great Britain.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Cause-
way, Cambridge. k.76

BROTHER BEE-KEEPERS with spare time
wishing to commence in the Retail Pish
Buelnesfl write J. W. ELVIDGE, Wholesale Fish
Merchant, Grimsby. r.h.239

PURE LIGHT CAMBRIDGE HONEY (guaran-
teed), 14-lb. tine, 30s.; 28-Ib. tine, 67e. 6d., car-
riage paid.— YOUNG. 42, James Street, Cambridge.

r.k.49

-i 3 CWT. NORFOLK HONEY, granulated, 28-lb.
J- 4 tins. Offers invited.— G. ASHTON, Lodge

Road, Feltwell, Norfolk. k.65

O O LBS. of pure Heather Honey in comb, 2s. 3a.
O^J lb.; 2 dozen 1-Ib. cartons pressed Heather
Honey, 2s. 3d. each; 2J dozen Heather Sections,
39s. per dozen.— W. WOODS, Normandy, near
Guildford. k.48

IFE INSURANCE IS A SOUND INVESI-

MENT.— Will fellow members of the craft
write for prospectus to H. IM. LOWE, Park Road,
Chilwell, Representative for " Royal," " Scottish
Temperance," etc.? k.66

FOR SALE, three Jurne Swarmft in boxes with
stores, pure Italians ,with 1920 Queens. What
offers or exchange for poultry ?—MURCH, Ring-
more Road, Shaldon, Teignmouth. k.47

BUSXITESS ADVEBTISEmOElTTS.
IJd. per word.

BEES AND QUEENS FOR I921.-Send for oui
new Illustrated Catalogue, free on applica-
tion.—PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. k.77

WELL-ESTABLISHED FIRM wishes to hear

of bee-keepers who would guarantee to supply

them with Nuclei May-June next.- Box 107, B.B.J

Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. r.i.42

IMPORTANT !— In spite of the increased cost of
sugar, appliances and carriage, we aje offer-
ing our celebrated 6-frame Stocks at reduced
prices. New Illustrated Catalogue free on iappli-
cation.— PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough, k.77

MASHEATH MEMS, are speaking testimohy to
the merits of the Masheath Hives, the
cheapest combined with best value in first-class
equipment to-day. Try them, and have conviction.
—ATKINSON, Fakenham. k.80

WAKE UP!— Next spring will soon be here,
and then you'll be mad because yon did not
order our noted 6-frame Stocks early enough to
ensure early June delivery.- PEARSON & GALE,
Marlborough'. k.77

NO SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— Flavine
Candy, made in Cambridge and the wrappers
bear our name, 6 lbs., 10s. 6d., postage paid; larger
quantities Is. 6d. per lb., carriage extra.— S. H.
SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. k.76

TMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS FOR 1921.—
X List on application.— PEARSON & GALE,
Marlborough. k.77

FIRST PRIZE CANDY, 6 lbs. lOs. 6d.— BOWEN,
Apiaries, Cheltenham. k.74

FIRST AGAIN!— Send for our large Illustrated
Catalogue of Bees and Queens for 1921, free
on application.— PEARSON & GALE, Marl-
borough. k.77

WIGHT" DISEASE.— Prevention and removal.
Advice 6s.— ALP. RYALL, Cottage Farm,
near Camp, Stroud. j.5

BE PREPARED FOR 1921 HONEY SEASON.—
Hives, Brood Boxes, etc., made to your
requirements. Our 12-frame W.B.C. Hive is for
honey production; no nails used; is substantial;
all work screwed.— Quotations from H. GILLAM,
56, Sackville Road, Bexhill. k.64

AVE YOU READ "THE BEB WORLD"?

If not, why not? Every number in itself la
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices .- THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House. Benson, Oion.

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliancea for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & OALE, 'Marl-
borough. rh.131

Nov. 18, 1920.

THE BBmsH BEE JOURNAL.

ui

Displayed Advertisement Rates.

British Bee Journal or Bee-keepers' Becord.

Full page

Half page ...

One-Miird page

Quarter page

1^ in. across page
1 in across page ...
^ in. across page ...
1^ in. single column
1 in. single column
^ in. single column

Discoimt for a series of consecutive displayed

advertisements : — Six insertions, 2^ per cent. ;

Twelve insertions, 5 per cent. ; Twenty-six,

15 per cent. ; Fifty-two, 50 per cent.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
•eientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,

£ s.

d.

. 4 0

0

2 10

0

. 1 16

0

. 1 12

0

. 1 7

0

. 0 18

0

. 0 10.

0

. 0 15

0

. 0 10

0

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•3, B««fera
StaMit, MranA, Jboadoa. WjCS.

Honey

Finest Grade New Zealand

(Amber)

For Bee Feeding. Guaranteed Pure.

Cases, each 2-60 lb. nominal Tins. 95/- per owt.
Carriage paid.

Cash with order or on receipt of goods.

N.B. We are already supplying Beekeepers'

Associations throughout the Ci)nntry and shall

be pleased to quote references.

The Bristol and Dominions Producers'
Association, Ltd., Bristol.

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

fiAMAR^ EXCHANGE & MART

Newtpapcr.

Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
"Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for hill catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams BuUiUbss, LONDON. E.C.2.

1920 — OUEENLAND LIST — 1921

In reply to many requests coming in for our Premier White Star Queens for the Season 1921, we

beg to state that early delivery may not be offered, as a certain number of orders have been

carried over (by request) from previous season for first 1 921 delivery, in consequence of the

unfavourable weather for queen-mating.

Our Premier White Star Nucleus Stocks

will be offered as usual, and at former price ; but the charges for Queens have been revised, and
include the offer of well-bred and selected Virgin Queens of this renowned strain.

Full Queenland Descriptive Circular 4d., The Revised List only (to those having 1920 List, 2d.,

post free,
Of S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

For Christmas Gifts. You can get the books of the best authorities in this and other
countries, and also the leading American and foreign bee-journals, from

E. J. BURTr. STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER.

For the convenience of beekeepers I am printing a special list of these. Send a postcard for it.

ti

RACTEROI "

FOR BEES

2/9 per Bottle.

Post Free.

The cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight * Disease.

Non-poi«onou8— free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

BACIEROL LIMITED
19/25, Brooktide Rd., Highgate. N.19.

CANDY

S.

Made in our own factory by bee-keepers for bee-keepers.
6 lbs. post free 9,6
Guaranteed from Pure White Refined Cane Sugar.
Miss Chester-Master's Patent Candy Box, 4/6 each. Postage extra 96.

J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, DR0MLI:Y, lillNT.

IV

TSE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 18, 1920.

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR

PRIZES at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at

Aberdeen, thus testifying to the superiority of our goods.

Order now and ensure your bees wintering in good hives,

BOTTLES. We hold a large stock and can give immediate

despatch.

CANDY. Safeguard your .bees from starvation by feeding

with our FAMOUS BEE CANDY. Price 1/6 per i-lb.,

carriage extra.

Sole Agents for DADANT'S WEED FOUNDATION.

Absolutely pure. Once used, always used.

Large illustrated catalogue, entitled, " Everything for an

Apiary," post free on application.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appli ance Maker s,
WORMIT, FIFE.

Telegrams : — " Bees, Wormit," Telephone :— 28 Wormit.

17=

m

BE^E^ OANDY.

WE are now able to supply CANDY OF OUR
OWN MAKE from guaranteed Pure White
Refined Cane Sugar. In 1-lb. boxes with glass tops.
It can be had plain or medicated with either " Yadil "
or "Bacterol."

PRICES.
71b. 11/-, postage 1/3

141b. 21/6, postage 2/6

281b. 42/-, postage 5/-

1121b. £8 8s., packed free, carriage

forward.

BEE FOOD SUGAR VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

JAMES LEE & SON. Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex.

Pkintbd lY THi Atinci Peibs (L. Upooit Gill & Son, Ltd.), 66-57, I>bde» Lani, London, W.O., and

PcnUHIfi rOK TBI PEOrEIROB (W. HlBEOD-HCMFSiLL), Vt glUPKIN, MiEBHUX, fliHUTOM,

Kmt k Co.. Ltd., SI A 33, PitiKXOinm Bow, B.C.

BBitiBH Bkb Jotienal and Bee-keepees* Advisee, November 25, 1920.

DEC 2 1 1920

iira.1

^EE JO^

"** T.WCow6.n.t.L
md*^ J.Herrod
Hempsall

FES.

& JBcc-Kccp
Adviser.*

CV^ekV JourneJ Devoted
the Interests oj

Bee-Keepers.

O/A

^^^Mc

Cx

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No. 2005. Vol. XLVni

NOVEMBER 25, 1920. IPublished every Thurtday, Prlc« 8d.

coi«'x<e:i¥'Xs.

PAGE

Reviews 565

British Bee-eeepees' Association's Convee-

SAZIONE 565

A Doeset Tarn 565

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 566

Bo Bees " Do Nothing Invariably " 567

Jottings 569

Bee Notes from Derbyshire 569

Notes prom Oretna Green 570

B.B.K.A. Library 570

Scottish BEE-KEEPEtis' Association

Sheffield and District Bee-keepers' Association

Staffordshire Bee-keepers' Association

Salisbury and District Bee-keepers' Association

Wiltshire Honey (Poem) , .

Correspondence—

Queens on Strike

The Significance of Acarine Disease

Intelligence of Bees

Plants for Bees

PAGE
571
571
572
572
573

573
574
574
575

OWING to the FALL in the COST OF SUGAR
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u

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Edited by T. W. COWAJT, F.L.S., &c.,
and J. HEBBOD-HZIlCPSAUi, F.E.S.

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Nov. 25, 1920. THE BEITISH BEE JOUBKAL.

565

Reviews.

• The Lure of the Hive. — This little bro-
chure is a lecture that was delivered at
the annual meeting of the Leicestershire
and Rutland Bee-Keepers' Association, on
March 13, 1920, by the Chairman, H.
Clark, Esq. Mr. Clark has succeeded in
compressing a lot of information into the
one lecture, it is also given in a most in-
teresting fashion, and is a model of what
a lecture on bee-keeping in general should
be. The booklet is a good investment for
anyone who is commencing to give lectures
on bee-keeping, giving an excellent idea oi
the lines on which such lectures should be
framed. It is also suitable for those who
are intending to take up bee-keeping and
need some elementary instruction, and
those who are already bee-keepers will find
some good advice and useful hints in it.
The booklet consists of 22 pages, and may
be obtained from the publisher, P.
Stevens, Printer, 7a, Slawson fetreet,
Leicester. The price is 4d., by post 5d.

Bee Diseases and their Treatment. — This
brochure of 16 pages is issued by Messrs.
Clement & Johnstone, Ltd., the proprie-
tors of " Yadil," and those who are
using, or intend to use this remedy will
do well to send for a copy. In addition
to the instructions for the use of " Yadil "
in the treatment of bee diseases, some use-
ful information and advice on general
management is given.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Conversazione, October 21, 1920.
(Continued from page 542.)

At the close of Mr. Bryden's paper a
discussion followed, for nearly half-an-
hour questions being asked and answered.

Mr. Rae, who had also been to Italy
and visited some of the queen breeders'
apiaries, made a few well chosen remarks,
in the course of which he told an interest-
ing story of his visit to the Penna apiaries
at Bologna. Signer Penna i-emarked to
him, " Would you like to see me take my
tonic? " and baring first one arm and
then the other, applied ten bee stings to
each forearm. This, he said, he did regu-
larly, as he found the application of the
stings kept him free not only from rheu-
matism but from most other ills as well.

Mr. Cowan said that bee-keeping in
Italy thirty years ago was very crude,

bees being kept in boxes and other recep-
tacles. Of late years there had been a
great improvement, and those who had
gone in for large apiaries and queen-
breeding had adopted modern methods.
The bee-keepers in the more out of the way
places, however, still kept their bees in the
old manner, swarms being hived in boxes,
and generally left on the spot where they
were hived.

An interval of an hour was allowed for
tea, conversation, and an examination of
several new appliances which were on
view, including a hive designed by Mr. D.
Fielden, and a wax extractor designed by
Mrs. Willis.

Mr. Cowan again took the chair at
six o'clock, and called on Mr. J. Price to
give his paper on " The Production of
Heather Honey."

(To he continued^.)

A Dorset Yarn.

Those of us who till the soil for a liveli-
hood have to take stock of the numerous
units we grow to see which gives us the
greatest return. In areas where apples,
pears, plums and cherries do well, the
chief labour spent is harvesting and
marketing the luscious fruit, and having
standard trees, cattle can feed among
them the greater part of the year. With
this system of fruit farming, when the
trees have size and plenty of wood, most
years the return should be a paying one,
as cattle can get enough to feed, and in
three years should be worth £30 to £60
each. There should be a good harvest for
bees at blossoming time, but trees do not
do well when the grass is growing on top
of the roots. When the trees are young,
grass should not be allowed to grow round
them for ten years, then they would be
able to fight for themselves.

At the Violet Farm the greatest re-
sults come with apples and other tall
trees, in the long lines of black currants,
gooseberries, and raspberrries, even when
there are thirteen, and some weeks
fifteen, men and boys to be paid on the
50 acres farmed. Those who till the soil
know it is a race for the mastery. Nature
tries her utmost to cover the soil with
plants of no service to the cultivator; he
wants the units which are of service to
grow well. It is continually warring
against Nature, and this is a costly item ;
the results, however, are well away beyond
the area of grass orchards, but it all de-
pends on tilling the soil well. Work the
soil well, and the increase in crops will
be greater, the lines of fruit bushes will
be of greater value to bees as well. We
keep on extending ; it is obvious we should

566

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Nov. 25, 1920.

not do so if the results were not good.
No one knows better than I the great
value of TrifoUum Incarnatum for bees,
so much so that we have sown a field we
have recently bought, which is close to
the bees, so that they should have a good
time when it is in bloom. We shall cut
this each day for cows and horses, but
there will be a large area left for the bees.
Though they will get &, lot of nectar from
this field, and so add to the value of the
harvest, the results per acre will be much
on the wrong side compared with bush-
fruits and flowers. Where the black cur-
rants yield fruit to the value of ten
pounds eadi line, a seven acre field of
these alone is considerable.

Then there is the harvest of flowers be-
tween the lines; the man who keeps bees
with limited capital, as we began with,
need not hesitate to plant up areas of
bush fruits and raspberries; if planted
12 ft. to 15 ft. from row to row, so that
the intervening space can be worked with
horse labour, then the cost will not be so
great per acre, as the horse can go
through the lines of crops in summer,
which will make the soil better for the
crops and destroy the weeds. The hand
labour will be between each plant in the
lines, which ought not to be very arduous
and costly; but the results to the bees
will be tremendous, the nectar gathered
from gooseberries being very great. Bees
are an absolute necessity to the perfect fer-
tilisation of these fruits. Kerner writes :
"The honey is easily accessible." No
wonder so many bees are on them at
flowering time. Kerner's list of insects
on them includes Apis mellifica very
abundantly, all sucking." In his wonder-
ful works on insects and flowers he gives
all that visit them, but in this particular
fruit, " Bihcs grossulariata," not one of
them carry pollen ; this is a proof that
honey in abundance can be had from lines
of gooseberries.

Beekeepers cannot always sow crimson
clover by the acre to help the bees, but
they can plant up a few lines of goose-
berries, which will boon grow into money,
particularly if the cuttings are planted
in the lines they are to occupy per-
manently ; buy some few hundred one-year
^rees for a start, and then gradually ex-
tend each year, so when fruiting, as you
extend, the weight of fruit each year will
be doubled. It is only the first year or
two that you will have to wait for the
fruit, but if the spaces are all filled with
vegetables — potatoes, onions, cauliflowers,
etc. — thes^ will bring in the necessaries of
life until the bushes come in with their
weight of fruit ; then the pleasure of fruit
farming is at the full, or "the flood," as
Shakespeare puts it; then the young bee-

keeper and fruit farmer begins to learn.
He will find that some varieties of goose-
berries are susceptible to the American
mildew. If he is wise he will shun those
kinds as he would a " plague," for plague
it is to the man who gets it. " Winham's
Industry " is the worst to get it that I
know of ; some varieties never get it,
others hardly ever have a fruit touched
with it, some never ; the ones we keep
extending are " Careless Keepsake,"
"Whitesmith," "Warrington," "May
Duke," and a few others. I do hot know
their name, but these are very productive.

It is most interesting to the student of
Nature to read Kerner's description of
these flowers. " the anthers dehisce when
the flower opens ; the .styles have not as
yet attained their full length, nor have
the stigmas developed their papillae; since
the flowers mostly hang down perpendicui
larly and the stamens stand around, and
on a level with the stigmas, self-fertilisa-
tion can as a rule not take place, even in
default of insects' visits."

Perhaps I am going in strongly with
horticulture, Mr. Editor, but I want to
infuse others with love of fruits and
flowers. He who grows gooseberries well
and can let them ripen will find some of
them very nice eating indeed; some of
them when ripe are not so sweet. You
learn the lessons of culture and harvest
as you progress with each acre you ex-
tend J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

" AcARiNE." Blessed word. Begone
_microsporodiosis with your spores, plan-
onts, meronts, and all your sinister
.appendages. Cheer up, ye keepers of
bees. Isle-of-Wight, island of beauty,
balmy breezes, ozone air, jewel in the
Channel sea, no more shall we besmirch
your fair name. We lose our bees
through carelessness, they die of starva-
tion; we don't like to own up, so we salve
our conscience with those three familiar
letters, "I. O. W." Now we must, to
be in the fashion, frame our mouths
to say " Acarine." A stock is queenless
and perishes, we rub our hands, and look
wise, and murmur " Acarine, Acarine,'^
and the uninitiated gasp at our scien-
tific knowledge and go away wondering
whether it is some juice of oaks our bees
have taken and died of, or have the bees
been feeding on acorns themselves, or
some mites which batten on the fruit of
the oak? 'Tis a lovesome word, Mr.
Editor, it has a musical sound; it sug-
gests a Psalm tune in the major key, and
yet it will produce an acataleptic effect
on many minds. Some will imagine the
word has connection with acatharsia, and

Nov. 25, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

567

reasoning by induction, and knowing
nothing of the physical structure of the
bee, will conclude the great bee disease is
heart weakness, I wonder if old "William
knows anything about it? Why here he
is. " William," I say, " do you know
what ' Acarine ' means? " " Acarine,
master — I knows what an acre be, and an
aker-staS, and an acarus, but that ther
' ine ' puzzles I. Only 'ine ' I knows owt
about is margarine, and that's foul
enough stuff betimes." " Why, William,"
I explain, " it's the new name of the
' Isle-of-Wight ' disease." William grows
wise and laughs, and rising to the occa-
sion, says, " Acarine, ump, suppose I
must accept it, 'twill help ye to accelerate
your bees, when you have access to the
hives. Accuse 'em of laziness the'll
accost you, get accustomed to 'em and
the'll be in accord with 'ee. What d'ye
say to that, master? Carried with
acclamation'? " " Steady, William," I
say, " or I'll have to propose you as a Par-
liamentary candidate." William smiles
and becomes sedate. " Acarine, well, I'm
done, what d'you want wi' bee diseases
for. Never was when old master kep 'em.
Healthy, why they was always topping.
Fed 'em with beer and sugar in an elder
stick in winter, that's the way to keep 'em
healthy. Tell 'ee what I thinks o' yer
' Acarine,' it's no disease at all, just weak-
ness caused by bad 'ousing; however, you
fancy chaps what keeps bees, you must
'ave fancy names, and if yer must 'ave
bees what gets ill, we'll, call it ' Acarine,'
must have a name for't, and Acarine's as
good as acorn, or any other ac — something
or another."

Why not startle the country by having
posters emblazoned from John o' Groats
to Penzance, " What is Acarine? Join
the British Bee-keepers' Association
and find oiit." At our next conver-
sazione why not have a huge bill stretch-
ing o'er the entrance to the Central Hall :
" ACARINE, it's Cau.se and Cure " ? We
might startle the West End, at any rate.
I can see crowds looking at it wonder-
ingly. Methinks I hear someone ask a
policeman its meaning, and. the all- wise
bobby saying — " Something sweet, I
should say, sugar substitute, or something
of that, granulated saccharine, maybe."
The crowd enters the hall, and we rope in
a few more tliousand enthusiasts. Good !
Withal, I welcome the name, and en-
dorse the Editor's remarks. Now it has
come along let us use it, and not abuse it;
we might even use it as a charm. What
do you say to a bee-keeper's badge, tri-
angular in shape, the word forming a kind
of " Abracadabra," and as we conquer the
fell disease, we might have an X put
through it, to notify it has been crossed
out. Further we might spend our winter

evenings in making acrostics and ana-
grams, and thus so familiarise ourselves
with the word that we will never mention
the disease as " Isle of Wight."

It is one of Hood's November days, fog
and damp. " No sun no moon, no morn,
no moon, no proper time o' day, no fruits,
no flowers, no sunny hours, no t'other side
of way," etc. We must not complain.
The first half of the month was beautiful
beyond words, and if the latter days of
November are cold and chilly, we have
Acarine to think about.

A blaz E
C ommo N
A gent I
R epai R
I nerti A
N epoti C
E neci A.

But, enough. Let us now see that our
section racks are cleaned ready for next
spring, and Aca — No, I- won't write it
again. — E. F. Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

Do Bees **Do Nothing
Invariably " ?

(By L. Willis.)
(Continued from page 556.)
I suppose it can be taken as agreed
that the question of the greatest varia-
bility of bees has turned on their treat-
ment of that lodestar of every stock — the
queen; and if, for the sake of the argu-
ment, we admit the feasibility of the fact
that there is one spot in the hive, viz., the
base^ where, if they find a queen installed,
they will accept her as the reigning unit,
is it without the region of probability that
the whole economy of the hive may
revolve round just that position? Is it
out of the bounds of possibility, for in-
stance, that we have gone astray in forc-
ing upon bees our notions of hygiene and
ventilation? If this has not occvirred to
the reader, let him try that much-lauded
stunt for prevention of swarming, of put-
ting a box of iinworked foundation, or
practically empty frames below; and as,
during our short season, we are favoured
with a good few samples of indifferent, if
not positively bad, weather, the experi-
ment will be indelibly fixed in his mind
by studying such a stock under the per-
sistently varying conditions. In glorious
weather they will do some drawing-out in
it, so they will in a hedge, with great
waste of laudable endeavour. But what
will be found if the weather is indifferent?
If the hive is really strong, whole crowds
of bees laro clustered on these combs (if the
stock is not what you would call a strong

668

THE BETTISH BEE JOUENAL.

Nov. 25, 1920.

one, the combs look like a London street
in a sudden downpour). Hal they are
drawing out I But are they? Go to that
stock in one week, or two weeksj and still
there are floods of bees — and, napoo, un-
dra-wn-out and mostly broken founda-
tion. I have displaced a really good-
sized swarm from such a box. Are they
slacking? It is puerile to suppose so.
But if it is postulated that bees are
insects ; that insects must have heat to
breed : and that heat rises : might it not
lie in the scientific economy of such heat
that we can control the bees and place
them in such a position that, bad weather
nevertheless, while serving their own ends
they will also serve ours? Is it out of
the bounds of possibility that the bees'
ideals of overcrowding and ventilation
may differ materially from our theoretical
findings, and that in manifestly running
counter to them we place them in an im-
possible position, and one often even
beyond their wit to circumscribe or
remedy? To make wax they hang in
solid clusters; in swarming they hang
thousands deep ; leave a space in a box,
and if they have the bees they jam it up
to suffocation ; they glue up every joint
or crack. Why should we presume that
unless in the hive they have a hurricane
whirling round them, and vast and, to
themi, icy caverns yawning below and
above, they must be a prey to all and
every disease germ? Hateful word! The
normal human being does not go about
eaten up with the dread of the diseases
ever around; kept fit, even in an iin-
healthy environment, the vast majority
escape. And so do the bees — if they are
Tcept fit. The whole being of insects is
wrapped in heat, and in the sun they
prosper. Then, if the sun cannot be
given them overhead, give it them in
their bodies and let their hives radiate
the sun; give them queens bred in sun-
shine, lapped in sunshine, abounding with
the health and vitality the sun gives, and
you will not have to deplore the insist-
ence of "Isle of Wight" or any other
disease. But even so, with disease about
it is hopeless to dream of immunity if
their wbole being is thrown out of gear
continually. To give the strongest stock
too much emptiness, especially at the
bottom, is asidng for trouble in our
treacherous weather, as stocks can be
directlv landed into the crawling diseases
and foul brood by ill-advised manipu-
lations, as I have bitterly ^ experi-
enced. It is just here lies the
difficulty of bee-keeping in this climate.
What may be done with impunity
to the well-being of the bees one
day becomes an overpowering menace the
next day, with the added impossibility of

the bee-keeper being able to lift a finger
to minimise the damage. Owing to this
changeability it is imperative at no season
to place them at a disadvantage, as by so
doing their resistance, as a matter of
course, becomes undermined.

At the same time as experimenting with
the empty box below principle I also ex-
perimented in letting queens roam free in
various-conditioned stocks. Here was to
be the Eldorado of wondrous honey takes.
She wonld lay illimitable brood in the
boxes, and bees always store honey near
brood! They do. But a good bouncing
queen is a pretty spry proposition, and
the bees' policy must be one of "follow
my leader " ; and as it is in the nature
of bees to run up, up she goes, wandering
from comb to comb in a more or less ver-
tical direction, and the heat obtained
from the concentrated energy and cluster-
ing of the bees, which from the bottom
of the hive could be directed to the eco-
nomical working of the u^hole hive, is
gradually withdrawn and dissipated, and
often losing the necessary insistent touch
with their queen, cells are raised below,
and it is a sorry harvest the bee-keeper
will get. In point of fact, if the weather
is indifferent it will be a lucky circum-
stance even to be able to winter them
safely, let alone get a surplus. The going
and coming of such stocks, strong though
they may be, is not a pretty sight; there
is none of that dear excitement, that wild
and happy flow, but a disheartening un-
certainty and restlessness. Very different
is their bebaviour wben in close touch
with their queen immediately on entering
the hive. Even human beings, coming
home from work tired and wearv, laden
with good things, feel a bit of sinking at
the heart if the board is bare and the
hearth cold; and the bees' life and work
depend upon satisfied instinct. Keep
th^ queen breeding below, and do not let
her dissipate the energies of the bees;
at certain times tof the year she will need
two boxes, at other times one; and give
brood in every box you raise nbove the
excluder, for nuclei seven or eight combs,
for honev one or two, i.e., if vou have
plenty lof drawn-out combs and food to
plav about with, and the experience to
estimate witb safety the strens;th and
cppabilities of the stock; the "long
chance " must never be taken with brood.
Sure it is the bees' natural instinct to
store honey where brood is against neces-
sities, and this natural instinct can be
utilised by the bee-master to secure a
hitherto undreamed of harvest.

Doubtless, honey from stock boxes re-
quires a little different treatment for
market than that extracted from supers,
I but it is a fallacy to suppose it does.

Nov. 25, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUKNAL.

not keep or cannot be made as attractive
as any other. We have had no trouble in
either keeping it or placing it on the
market in two- to four^hundredweight
casks at tip-top prices, getting repeat
orders.

(To be continued.)

Jottings.

Antiseptics and Feeding. — To assist the
use of an antiseptic when disease attacks,
would it not be more effective if less of this
is used as a so-called preventative, some
of these antiseptics can hardly have the
effect of a tonic on the bees, and what
object can be gained in dosing healthy bees
I can never see. All these tilings, to my
mind, lower vitality, and in conjunction
with no attempt at introducing fresh
blood into our apiaries, can only in time
lay bees open to attack. The same thing,
although not injurious exactly, applies fco
placing on candy when the colony is known
to possess ample stores. There is a great
tendency on the part of bee-keepers to use
this as an essential rather than as an emer-
gency aid. Bees will rest more on sealed
stores, and eat less, which should mean less
waste matter to dispose of when the cold
snaps arrive and go again. This means
more health.

Page 539.— I usually read Mr. C. Tred-
croft's letters with interest, there is gener-
ally something to think about. It is un-
fair to ask, " "Why use ' Bacterol? ' " if
Nature does not provide this as food or
medicine bee-wards. I dare say syrup,
which is generally given because the bees
are short of "natural stores," would le
just as good without, but I think a touch
of vinegar gives an aromatic flavour to
these artificial stores ; but I am no chemist.

Guildford Dis. S.B.K. A.— On Novem-
ber 15 an interesting address was given
by Mr. Judge, of Kent, who is appoinced
lecturer on bee-keeping under the Count j
Council of Surrey.

Alderman W. T. Patrick acted as chair-
man, in the absence of Lt.-Col. J. A. C.
Younger ; other apologies for absence were
also read. The audience numbered about
forty.

The subject chosen was " Wintering
Bees," which, judging by the numb?r of
questions at the conclusion, proved to be
most interesting and instructive, especia-
ally candy making. Mr. Judge, during
the course of his remarks, touched on the
recent conclusion arrived at regarding
" Isle of Wight " disease, and gave as his
opinion that we are entitled to an answer
or an explanation by the Agricultural
Board, of their previotis solution and re-

port, which we should no doubt get. But
for this we must " wait and see."

By the way, my crude letter written in
191' and entitled "Experiences and
Guesses," comes very near to the experi-
ences of to-day. I remember, how knocked
out I felt when Mr. Crawshaw, I think it
was, explained how the intestines were so
expanded and ruptured that it was impos-
sible for the bee to recover, and then on to
the days when the Eev. Mr. Hollis claimed
the Dioxygen cures. What an uproar this
caused at some places, but this reads
simple now, and really one wonders if we
are not very near a cure, as well as a
palliative. It may be recalled that I said
Izal caused accelerated breathing, thus set-
ting free this mucous accumulation. Mr.
Tredcroft, page 538, also draws attention
to the immediate result noticeable by the
use of " Bacterol " fumes, and who will
doubt, _ or fp,il to recognise, the fume of
an onion.

Personally I still stick to mv first love,
Izal. I have saved a friend's skep stock
badly affected this summer by spraying
with it. — ^A. H. Hamshae.

Bee Notes from Derbyshire.

Perhaps if I give a few extracts from
my diary as regards the weather during
the past bee season, or summer, it might
be of interest to readers of the Bee
Journal in years to come; the sunny
days stand out so conspicuously by their
absence all the way along till September
and October.

I started my diary in February, and I
see there were six sunny days in that
month. The 17th and 18th were very
warm days — thermometer 56 deg. Fah. in
the shade — bees working for pollen on cut
flowers in cemetery, such as mimosa,
daffodils, lillies and tulips. I also lifted
one hive off the stand and put ten combs
of honey under it that bees had died of
"Isle of Wight" disease in five months
before ; fastened hive up for three days to
keep them from flying out next day (went
on all right). March 4, saw a queen wasp
flying to-day ; was very warm ; had a trip
to see my hive on moor. Bees flying
freely, but not a bit of pollen to be got
about there yet. Spring cleaned the hive ;
queen had just laid her first patch of
eggs. March 21, a hot sunny day, ther-
mometer 60 deg. Fah., followed by a
sultry day; bees doing their best on palm,
flowering currant and foal foot flowers. I
find there were four sunny days in March,
on five other days the sun shone a bit
more or less, while the remainder made
March a mixed up medley of all sorts.

570

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 25, 1920.

An old farmer, some eighty years old
now, told me ten or twelve years ago that
a mixed up March, meant a mixed up
summer. Verily it bas been all too true
for bee-keepers.

On March 31 bees were on gooseberry
and Victoria plum. While a " Noah's
Ark," north and south, in a "mackerel"
sky at ten at night denotes rain, see what
follows it.

April 7, damson trees have been in full
bloom a day or " two, but bees have no
chance, always wet ; in fact, it was dull
and wet for fifteen days, then came on a
thunderstorm to send us some rain. Two
sunny days followed that lot, and if ever
anyone was glad to see sunshine we were
in Derbyshire at that time. I think one
other (Sunny day was about all we got in
April. On the 15th it rained, three
showers per hour all day, and wet showers
too. I should say it was the wettest,
dullest April in the memory of man.
Highest thermometer 55 deg.

May did not come in much better. On
the 8th I wrote : " I don't know when I
will be able to see inside a beehive again,
there has been no fit day for five weeks."
May 15th, got a look in a beehive to-day.
Lifted the hive off top, that I put the
ten combs under in February. They had
fetched all the honey out and queen had
laid in five combs ; brood in eight combs,
eggs in twelve — a very good lot — been
wintered with 3-ply wood^for quilt, dead
down on frames, and a few old Daily
Mails on top — a great saving with
calico so dear. A "Noah's Ark" east
and west to-night betokens better
weather.

May 20, we seem to have struck a bit
of bee weather at last, for a week tem-
perature rises from 60 deg. till it gets to
75 deg., then it gradually dies away again,
and then turns out the hottest day this
summer about hero. Boes did a bit on
sycamore, May bloom, and raspberries
that week. I caught twenty queen wasps,
and I have only seen one worker wasp
about here this year. I daresay the wet
July finished the rest off. We had six
sunny days and five part-sunny days in
May ; bees just gathered barely enough to
keep brood nest going.

(To he continued.)

B.B.K.A. Library.

Major Ellison has kindly lent for a time
two books on bee-keeping by F. Gerstung,
" Immenleben Imkerlust " and " Der
Bien und seine Zucht. " Both are printed
in German, and may be seen at the library
by anyone interested.

Notes from Gretna Green.

While looking through back volumes of
the B.B.J. I was struck by the fact that
the regular contributors of ten years ago
are entirely absent from the Journal
of to-day. It is scarcely credible that the
former -nTiters can have died out en
masse, and I would like to know why these
able bee-keepers have with one accord
ceased to support the British Bee
Journal.

Personally, I miss most of all
" D. M. M.," and no doubt many old
subscribers will re-echo my wish that men
like Macdonald and Woodley could come
back once more. As regards the present
day B.Bi.J., my candid opinion is that far
too much valuable space is wasted on
matters entirely alien to the craft.

I have noticed an occasional protest on
this subject, and the complaints are en-
tirely justified. The B.B.J, is, or should
be, a medium for the exchange of views
and experiences by bee-keepers, and its
limited space ought not to be curtailed by
any irrelevant matter. If my views are
correct we should, every one of us, when
contributing to our Journal, write \as
bee-keepers and solely about bees.

A regrettable feature is the absence of
Scottish contributors to these columns,
and I wish some of my countrymen would
let us know how they fared during 1920.

I understand, there has been a good
honey season in the Highlands, but not
one North Country beeman has sent even
a brief note to the B.B.J. Is there no
" Elisha " capable of taking up the
mantle dropped by " D.M.M." ? Here in
the South- West our season was almost a
failure, and the supers filled in early June
were needed to stave off starvation during
the following lean time. The real honey
flow came in late August, but no sections
were ready for removal until September —
a unique occurrence. I have had sections
filled in May, but never before had to wait
until September for the first sealed
section.

My average for honey actually sold was
in 1919 ^6 7s., and this year £2 7s. per
colony. Next season the average may be
^10 — or perhaps as many shillings— such
is the beautiful i;ncertainty of bee-keep-
ing in our variable climate. But then, if
the returns from apiculture were as sure
and certain as, say, the income-tax de-
mand our craft would be deprived of half
its charm. — J. M. Ellis, Gretna, Carlisle,
November 20.

[Though this article is dated Novem-
ber 20, it did not reach us until Tuesday
morning. We have therefore no time to
write and comment on it this week, — Eds.]

Nov. 25, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

671

Scottish Bee-Keepers' Association.

The autumn quarterly Council meeting
was held in the Christian Institute in
Glasgow, the Rev. R. MacCowan, of Kil-
tarlity, Inverness-shire, and, later, the
President, Mr. J. H. Langlands, of Dun-
dee, occupying the chair. There was a
very large attendance, representative of
every part of the country. It was re-
ported that the public meeting held in
Glasgow the previous evening had been
a great success, and it was resolved, when
practicable, that such meetings should be
held in connection with each Council
meeting. The Treasurer reported that
the finances were in a satisfactory condi-
tion, there being a balance in hand of
£16, in spite of the outlay of over £50
in connection with the show at The High-
land in Aberdeen in July. He was
authorised, if necessary, to draw upon
the reserve funds until the Ministry of
Agriculture grant fqr this year is paid.

The Propaganda Committee reported
on the work that was being done in form-
ing new associations in various parts of
the country, and expressed satisfaction
that the possession of the Register of
Bee-keepers made it possible for our
representatives, for the first time, to
approach individual bee-keepers in areas
where no associations at present exist.
The prospects of a considerable increase
in the number of associations and
branches are very good.

The Registrar, Miss Beveridge, re-
ported that we had now a record of 8,000
bee-keepers in Scotland, with 28,000
hives, and it seems likely that when all
the reports are in the total number of
bee-keepers will approach 15,000, with
probably 50,000 hives. The reports from
some districts are all in, and in these dis-
tricts we find one bee-keeper for less than
four square miles and for every GOO of
the population, and one hive for every
740 acres. Aberdeenshire leads the way
both in actual number of hives and in
proportion to its size and population.

The Education Committee reported that
a considerable number of lectures had
already been arranged for the winter and
chat the sets of lantern slides were in
great demand. There were three dif-
ferent sets with lecture notes. The slides
were sent out by parcel post free of any
charge to Associates or Secretaries of
Associations or to experts or bee-masters.
Only the return postage need be paid.
The number of candidates for the .
various certificates had been greater than
the Committee anticipated, and, on the
whole, a high standard of proficiency had
been reached. The President then pre-
sented the certificates that had been I

gained since last meeting to the success-
ful candidates who were in attendance.
The librarian reported that the library
was in a flourishing condition, and that
the arrangement had been much appre-
ciated whereby books are sent out postage
free, only the return postage being paid
by the borrower. In this way a very
considerable educational influence is
being exerted. Gifts of valuable books
had been intimated by Dr. Ross, Loch-
gilphead, and Rev. R. MacCowan, Kil-
tarlity, and the donors were heartily
thanked. Gifts of books or lantern slides
will be miTch appreciated for adding to
the collections. The Librarian was
authorised to issue a new catalogue.

The Markets Committee reported that
the honey harvest had, on the whole, been
a very disappointing one. Testimony
was borne to the value of the markets
leaflet issued indicating the market value
nf honey, for these had enabled the mem-
bers in most cases to sell their honey
locally to advantage, and the depots had
received very few consignments to dis-
pose of.

It was resolved to appoint a Special
Committee to suggest such revision of the
constitution as might seem desirable, and
to' submit any proposed changes to the
various Federated Associations. A scheme
of insurance of hives will be considered
at the next meeting of Council, which was
appointed to meet in Cupar, Fife, in
January next.

Votes of thanks to the Chairmen and
Hon. Secretary were heartily given at
the close of a most successful meeting. —
T. Beveridge, Hon. Sec.

Sheffield and District Bee-Keepers*
Association.

The monthly meeting of the Associa-
tion was held in the Lecture Hall, Shef-
field University, on Wednesday, Novem-
ber 10, the chair being occupied by Dr.
W. Harwood Nutt.

All available seating accommodation
was taken up, over 200 being present to
hear a lecture by the Rev. G. H. Hewi-
son, M.A., on " The Life History of the
Honey Bee," illustrated with photo-
micrograph lantern slides, the result of the
lecturer's own work. Over 80 slides were
used to illustrate the lecture, showing
some wonderfully clear pictures of the
bee's anatomy, as seen through the micro-
scope. The Chairman, in thanking the
lecturer, said he was delighted to see the
wonderful pictures that the lecturer had
produced, and he thought that scientific
men such as the lecturer should be a great
acquisition to the bee-keeping indu.stry.
Mr. Hanscll, in proposing a vote of

672

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Nov. 25, 1920.

thanks to the lecturer, said he thought
the lecturer had enjoyed himself as much
as his hearers; he seemed to revel in his
subject, and he had great pleasure in
proposing a hearty vote of thanks to
him. Mr. Helliwell seconded the vote of
thanks. The meeting terminated with a
vote of thanks to the chairman for pre-
siding and to the Council of the IJni-
versity for use of the Lecture Hall and
lantern, proposed by Mr. W. Boshforth
and seconded by Mr. C. Haynes. — (Com'
municated.)

Staffordshire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

A meeting of the above was held on
Saturday, November 6, in the Technical
Buildings, Stafford, with a good attend-
ance. The primary object of the gather-
ing was to consider a report of a special
committee which had been appointed to
consider the financial status of the
Association. The committee recom-
mended that there be a Finance and Show
Committee of six appointed, also that the
subscription rate should be slightly
altered to read, " Subscriptions shall be
5s., and cottagers 2s. 6d."; also they sug-
gested that the annual drawing be aban-
doned for the present. The whole of the
recommendations were adopted. It is
hoped that these slight alterations, which
will not inflict any hardship on members,
will enable the Association to pay its way
each year and keep a reasonable balance
in hand for any eventualities.

In connection with the above meeting a
small exhibition of honey was held: there
was a good entry of first-class honey,
which was highly creditable to the
members, but at the county shows mem-
bers do not exhibit who can stage good
stuff at local shows. Is it nervousness, or
lack of a sporting spirit? Perhaps next
year, with the County Agricultural Show
at Burton, and the Eoyal at Derby, we
shall see a greater appreciation of the
value of the show bench as an advertising
medium. Tlio prize winners on Saturday
last numbered two or three new exhibi-
tors who held their own with the best.
Mr. J. H. Mytton and Mr. J. Price
judged the exhibits and awarded the
prizes as follows : —

Class 1. — Light Honey (open to all
members) : 1, Geo. Evans; 2, G. W.
Buttery, 3, Geo. Gripton ; v.h.c, T.
Lawton: h.c, A. Cheshire; c, J. Taylor
and B. Warrender.

Class 2. — Granulated Honey fopen to
all members) : 1, Miss Caperwell; 2, A.
Cheshire; 3, J. Swanwick.

Class 3. — Sections fopen to all members
within a radius of five mies of Stafford :
1, Miss Capewell.

Class 4.— Light Honey: 1, G. W.
Buttery; 2, T. Lawton; 3, J. Taylor;
v.h.c. Miss Capewell; h.c, W. Griffiths
and J. W. Crosby.

Cass 5. — Other than Light Honey : 1,
Miss Capewell; 2, T. Lawton; 3, J. W.
Crosby.

Class 6. — Granulated Honey: 1, Miss
Capewell; 2, J. W. Crosby.

Class 7. — Beeswax : 1, Miss Capewell;
2, W. Griffiths.

Class 8. — Useful or Interesting Exhi-
bit : 1, W. Griffiths, for an " improved
Staffordshire nuclei hive and carrier ";
2, J. W. Buttery, for a " hive tool "; 3,
Miss Capewell, for nightlights made from
beeswax.

A honey judging competition was held.
The honey siamples,^ of a very close order
except one, which reminded the embryo
judges of an old friend of their child-
hood "castor oil," were primarily judged
by Mr. J. Herrod-Hempsall, and the
scrutineers awarded certificates of merit
to Messrs. W. Griffiths, J. H. Mytton
G. W. Buttery, W. Friend, B. Warrender
and T. Cowleshaw.

Mrs. Leighton, whom we expect to see
in the near future as holder of the certifi-
cates of the B.B.K.A., kindly presented
the prizes awarded, and a vote of thanks
to her and our chairman, Mr. J. H.
Mytton, brought to a close a meeting that
will be long remembered by those present
for its geniality and good fellowship. —
W. Griffiths, Solway House, Silkmore,
Stafford, Hon. Sec.

Salisbury & District Bee-Keepers'
Association.

LECTURE BY MR. J. J. KETTLE.

" Practical Bee-keeping on a Flower
and Fruit Farm " was the subject of an
interesting lecture delivered by Mr. J. J.
Kettle, F.R.H.S., of Corfe Mullen,
Dorset, to a meeting of the Salisbury
Bee-Keepers' Association held at the
Church House, on Wednesday, Nov. 3.
Mr. I. T. Rule presided over a small at-
tendance of those interested, and briefly
introduced the speaker. Mr. Kettle
divided his lecture into two parts, in the
first of which he dealt with the beneficent
influence of bees upon a friiit and flower
farm, while in the second he touched upon
the practical details of bee-keeping, and
gave some sound advice to his hearers.
Under the first heading he spoke of his
own personal experience in the keeping
of bees upon a fruit farm, and dilated
upon the satisfactory financial results
accruing from careful and systematic
management. Proceeding to deal with
bee-keeping generally, he urged his
hearers never to buy small or cheap hives,

Nov. 25, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

578

and said he had never in his life found
anything apparently cheap to prove so in
the long run. To anyone starting bee-
keeping he would say — buy a good hive
to begin with ; if there was a good swarm
he would be able to buy another in the
following year. It was important to take
measures to minimise dampness, which
caused a lot of bees to perish. Good
brood chambers were necessary, and they
should never hesitate to buy fresh ones.
New brood chambers should be provided
for every swarm if possible. The bees did
much better in a dry than in a wet sum-
mer. "Whether the bees stung or not
depended upon how the person went to
work. Any unnecessary " jolting "
should be avoided, and it was unwise to
approach them in wet weather. The
lecturer illustrated his remarks with an
explanation of the various parts and
working of a beehive, and his address,
which lasted upwards of an hour, was
followed with the closest attention. At
the close he answered questions, and was
accorded a hearty vote of thanks, upon
the motion of Canon Farrer, seconded by
Mr. J. E. Pinder, who urged that here
was an outlet for the energies of some un-
employed ex-service men, and that every
facility should be afforded them for ac-
quiring land for the purpose of bee-keep-
ing and flower and fruit farming in com-
bination. Mr. Kettle, he said, had shown
what could be done by the individual in
this respect. The extension of this
opportunity to ex-service men would also
enable them to compete with their honey,
fruit and flowers against the tons of
foreign produce of this kind which was
coming into the country. {Commumcatcd.)

Wiltshire Honey.

Within this jar a golden magic lies,

A sweet enchantment woven on the loom

Of fragrant summer, when the clover

bloom
Gleams rose and pearl beneath the Wes-
tern skies.
Whoso its scented wizardry shall feel,
May watch the spendthrift sunset as it

spills
Its dusty amber o'er the dreaming hills,
Until the stars, in trembling beauty, steal
Above their folded peace. And he shall

hear
The little sighing winds that nightly creep
About the upland pasture, while more

near,
The drowsy bees hum faintly, half asleep,
O'er one last flower ere they turn for

home . . .
Home, where the hives loom white across

the gloam.
— E. G. MooEB, Sliema, East Grinstead,

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on ons
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrationt should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Queens on Strike.

[10336] On reading A. E. C. (page
535) in the Journal for Nov. 4, which I
look forward to very keenly every Thurs-
day, it occurs to me some of your readers
might like to have my experiences as a
novice this season. Unfortunately for my
bees, my wife presented me with a copy
of "A Modern Bee Farm," in which I
learnt a lot of, to me, new methods, and
I was soon fired with enthusiasm to try
" Plumping " with one out of my four
stocks. I gave it a two weeks' trial the
middle of April, with the result I used
up about 12 lbs. of sugar and got the
brood in the two hives operated upon
badly chilled, from which they have never
properly recovered, owing to weakening
of the stocks and shortage of honey. It
has been a very bad season here, and T
have had the greatest difficulty to keep
my stocks at all, and am much afraid
two of them will go under this winter.
But what I more particularly wanted to
say was one of my hives (not operated
on as above) threw out a dead queen on
April 21, and I examined the stock and
found no queen cells. Ten days later I
again examined, and found there was a
queen, but no eggs. A week later still
no eggs, so I put in a comb of eggs from
another stock, but no queen cells were
formed, so I killed the queen and put in
an Italian which had just arrived, and
she was accepted.

Then there is my third stock ; they were
going along splendidly, and had covered
ten frames of comb by May 1. These I
wished to transfer to commercial frames,
so I put the brood box on top of a box
of twelve frames of foundation (commer-
cial). A week later I lifted top box, and
found they had not touched the founda-
tion in lower box, and on examining the
brood frames found no eggs.

A week later still no eggs, so I took the
queen away and gave her to a neighbour,
who told me she was no good, being a
virgin.

Now in both these stocks the bees had
evidently, for some reason best known to

574

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

Nov. 25, 1920.

themselves, superseded their queens, and
the virgin had been unable to mate. Both
of the superseded queens were good
queens, and only one year old.

I was much surprised to notice drones
in my weakest stock as recently as the
third week in October, and I killed over
a dozen, as they oame out for a fly round.
Can you tell me why these were allowed
to go in and out unmolested?

[If there is a queen, and she is mated,
we do not know. It is impossible to
account for all the vagaries of bees. — •
Eds.]

I have not put candy over the brood
frames of my stocks this autumn, but
have fed solid with syrup instead. Does
the Rev. Hemming mean that owing to
the brilliant weather last month they will
have consumed an abnormal amount of
their stores? — W. B. Ibbotson

The Significance of Acarine
Disease.

[10337] Whilst endorsing your tribute
to the painstaking research of Dr. Rennie
and his colleages and the notable example
of Mr, Wood in furthering the cause of
science and education, may I be allowed
to observe that it is rather premature to
make definite critical comments on the
brief announcements so far published?

Although it is to be appreciated that
representatives of the bee Press were in-
vited to attend the meeting of the Royal
Society of Edinburgh on November 1,
when Drs. Rennie and White and Miss
Harvey made their communications, it is
rather unfortunate that no detailed re-
port for publication has so far been sub-
mitted to the bee Press, where it is bound
to receive the highest appreciation. This
is, of course, due to various formalities;
and until these are brought to a close, we
have patiently to reserve our comments.
_ The notes which you have already pub-
lished from different correspondents
amount either to hasty judgments without
full knowledge of the facts of the case, or
to some detached questions analogous to
those answered by former researchers, and
which no doubt are equally answered by
our present investigators. Such criticisms
and question, I repeat, are premature and
your space is better served for the time
being by the treatment of other important
subjects. — A. Z. Abushady.

[We see no reason why some comments
on the discovery made by Dr. Rennie and
his colleagues should not be made at this
stage. We have not assumed there is noth-
ing further to be done, on the contrary we
gave our opinion last week that the dis-
covery of Tarsonemus Woodi is only one

step. We are quite aware there-is a possi-
bility of other agents that may cause, or
assist in causing, " Isle of Wight " dis-
ease being discovered, but if comment is
withheld until finality is reached, it will
never be made, or at that stage would be
superfluous and useless. We have no
doubt further details of the investigations
will be published, that they are not avail-
able just now is due, as Dr. Abushady
says, to various formalities. — Eds.]

Intelligence of Bees.

[10338] I have heard much of the in-
telligence of bees, but one's own experi-
ence is of more value than any amount
of vague hearsay information. May I
relate two little incidents that speak for
themselves ?

Last Friday morning I was busy getting
vegetables for our Women's Institute
Market, when I noticed the persistent
buzzing of a bee near me. I was at some
distance from the hives, near a patch of
golden rod, long since over, and there was
really nothing to attract a bee, especially
as the morning was cold and cheerless.
But the little creature came nearer and
nearer, and there was a little note of
insistence in its buzz,' like a tiny S.O.S.
call. It followed me about, until at last
I went for veil and gloves, saying to my
sister, " I am sure there is something
wrong with the bees, and. they have sent
for me."

I have three hives. Nos. 1 and 2 I had
examined only two days previously, and
given them candy and extra quilts. But
No. 3, the strongest of all, has plenty of
stores and quilts, and I had almost re-
solved to leave it alone. But the trouble
was there.

As I lifted the roof I saw that mice
had been trying to make a nest by pulling
the quilts to pieces, and, looking down, I
saw one of the marauders, while I could
hear the other racing widly round the
brood chamber. The poor bees were in
an awful state, but I soon got rid of the
intruders, who had not really had time
to do more than nibble a little wax, and
make holes in two quilts.

But if the little "queen's messenger"
had not called me, whatever would they
have done?

The following day a bee followed me
down our drive — a much greater distance.
This time the call was more like that of
the Man of Macedonia, " Come over and
help us ! " — nothing like the insistence of
the first. So I proceeded to insipect the
hives, and found this state of things in
No. 1:— "

Some time previously a goose quill had
been inadvertently dropped between the

Nov. 25, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUENAL.

575

brood chamber and the back of the hive.
I found that the bees had dragged it to
the front, and there it had stuck in the
little groove at the entrance, and was
blocking up the way, and, I expect,
materially hindering the ventilation. A
group of bees stood outside, evidently
discussing the situation; another group
had settled on the quill end, and others
were walking up and down the feathered
tip, evidently at their wits' end to know
what to do next. Their perplexity was
so real that it was almost comic, and I
could not help laughing at them. But I
managed to dislodge and remove the
obstacle, and their contented and satisfied
humming when I finally covered them
down and left them was very pleasant to
hear.

Who sent the messages, and who taught
the messengers that I was the one to
whom they must come for help? It is
true that I have most to do with them,
but my sister helps me sometimes. — E.
Bbandford Griffith, Northiam, Sussex,
November 8.

Plants for Bees.

[10339] My letter in the B.J. of Novem-
ber 4 has brought me a shoal of letters,
and I shall endeavour to supply all the
applicants.

To those who receive the " Thyme," I
wish to point out that each rooted spray
will grow and spread out from 4 to 6
inches during the following year, so that
a little, with judicious separation and
planting, will go a long way. To make a
border, tuck it in between the stones, or
brick, or whatever is used for edging the
path, and it will, in the following year,
cover these with a carpet of green and
blossom in a rich blaze of colour; it can
then be kept in bounds as required. For
rock work it is best planted near the top,
as it then spreads downward.

In addition to the " Thyme " I plant
a good strain of " Canterbury Bells."
The bees work these well, and apparently
get a lot of food from them. It is best
to plant the seed as early as possible in
the spring, and if possible plant out into
their permanent position from the seed
bed.

My experience shows me that they
resent moving, especially in the spring
of the year in which they should bloom.
As the blooms die pinch them off, and they
will continue to bloom nearly all the
summer.

I hope that those who receive the
" Trailing Thyme " will be as successful
with it as I have been. They will then
not regret having received and planted
it. — ^A. MusTo.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertiiementi of Beet, Honey, Queent,
and Bee goodt art not permiiiihle at above rate,
but will be ingerted at lid. per word at " BusU
ness " Announcementt, immediately auder tlie
Private Advertitementt. Advertiaementt o/ Hive-
manufacturert can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of it. per iin., or 6<. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readen having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Be«s, Nuclei, ami Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertiaementt, and can only be accepted
under trade termt. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a boio number it used.

Advertisementt mutt reach ut NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNINO for
insertion in the " Journal " the tame week.

PRIVATE ADVERTISHnCBNTS.

PURE LIGHT ENGLISH HONEY, three 14-lb.
tins, 88s., single tin 30s., carriage paid: eample
6d.— KILLICK, Effingham, Surrey. k.82

PURE LIGHT CAMBRIDGE HONEY (guaran-
teed), 14-lb. tins, 30s.; 28-lb. tins, 57s. 6d., car-
riage paid.— YOUNG, 42, James Street, Cambridge.
- r.k.84

GOOD ENGLISH HONEY, granulated, 28-lb.
cans, 2s. per lb., carriage paid: sample 6d. —
PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough.

SAINFOIN HONEY, scarce and getting scarcer.
Our first customer was the Editor of the
B.B.J., and he says " it is Al." 14-lb. tins only,
carnage paid, 36s. cash.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. k.95

FOR SALE, a few dozen finest quality Sections
of Honey (glazed), 369. per dozen, carefully
packed on rail, carriage forward.- W. WOOBLEY,
Beedon, Newbury. k.83

NO BEE GARDEN complete without Willow
Herb, 12, 2s. 6d.— BOWEN, Apiaries, Chelten-
ham. k.85

EXTRACTOR, Comb Cleaner, Ripener, Excluder,
£3 lOs. the lot.— 21, Brunswick Street, Teign-
mouth. k.86

NOW BOOKING ORDERS, delivery January,
February, March, £2 sittings of Eggs and
Day-old Chicks (Barron's), White Leghorns, Brown
Leghorns; White and Fawn and White Runner
Ducks, White Wyandottes, sittings 10s. 6d. to
359. a dozen. Chicks double— MRS. M. ANDER-
SON, Poultry Dept., Hermitage Poultry Farm,
High Hurstwood, Sussex. Manager : Miss M. D.
Sillar. k.93

NE GROSS Sections Honey.— Offers to C. P.
HAWKES, Swaffam Prior, Cambs. k.87

BROTHER BEE-KEEPERS with spare time
wishing to commence in the Retail Fish
Business write J. W. ELVIDGE, Wholesale Fish
Merchant, Grimsby. r.h.239

CORRESPONDENCE Courses in Bee-keeping.—
_ H. E. NEWTON, Hobart Road, New Milton,
Hants. r.k.69

HIVES.— A limited number of strong, sound and
interchangeable, free from " I.O.W.," iwo
lifts, brood chamber, 10 frames, metal ends, wired
and new wax in each, roofs lined with zinc or iron,
price 35s., free on rail; cash with order.— FOSTER
& CO., Heath Side, Hillingdon Heath, Middlesex.
r.k.78

BACK NUMBERS B.B.J., 1903-1915, also Illus.
trated Dutch Bee Journals, to clear. —
ARCHER, 64, Kingston Road, Oxford. rJt.70

O

576

THE BEinSH BEE JOUBNAL.

Nov. 25. 1920.

"I 3. CWT. NORFOLK HONEY, grannlated, 28-lb.
±4 tins. Offers invited— G. ASHTON, Lodge
Road, Feltwell, Norfolk. k.65

LIFE INSURANCE IS A SOUND INVESI-
MENT.— Will fellow members of tlie craft
write for prospectus to H. M. LOWE, Park Road,
Ohilwell, Representative for " Royal," " Scottieli
Temperance, etc.? k.66

BUSIITESS ADVJBBTZSBMIIlfTS.
lid. per word.

TMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS FOR I921.-List
1. on application.— PEARSON & GALE, Marl-
borougii. - r.k.88

NO SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— Flavine
Candy, made in Cambridge, 6 lbs., 10s. 6d.,
post paid. Plain White Sugar Bee Candy, 6 lbs.,
96. 6d., post paid.->S. H. SiMITH, 30, Maid's Cause-
way, Cambridge. k.96

BEES AND QUEENS FOR 1921.— Send for our
new Illustrated Catalogue, free on appli-
cation.—PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough, r.k.89

WANTED, best quality English Honey. Please
state prices.- HILES, " The Homestead,"
Kidderminster. r.k.92

NSURE A GOOD HONEY CROP next year by

purchasing one of our noted 6-frame Italian

Stocks. Illustrated Catalogue free on application.

—PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. r.k.90

MASHEATH MEMS.—" Been painting the Mas-
heath. Man, it's a grand bee-box F The
longer I look at it the more convinced I am that
it is absolutely 'it.' It ought to sell like hot
cakes. A man with any pride in his apiary hae
only to see it to purchase.— A. L."— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. r.k.97

I IMPORTANT !— In spite of the increased cost of
sugar, appliances and carriage, we are offer-
ing oj^ celebrated 6-frame Stocks at reduced prices.
Catalogues free on application.— PEARSON &
GALE, Marlborough. r.k.91

3 -FRAME ITALIAN-BLACK NUCLEI.-Should
have some ready delivery April. Best book
now. Want to exchange 14 or more section racks
for sballow frame crates.— GILBERT HOLMES,
The White Cottage, Hythe, Southampton. k.94

A WELL-ESTABLISHED FIRM wishes to hear
of bee-keepers who would guarantee to supply
them with Nuclei May-June next.— Box 107, B.B.J
Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. r.j.42

FIRST PRIZE CANDY. 6 lbs. 10s. 6d.-B0WEN.
Apiaries, Cheltenham. k.74

THE NORTH OP SCOTLAND COLLEGE OF
AGRICULTURE.

"TTlT'IGHr" DISEASE.— Prevention and removal.

TT Advice 6s.— ALP. RYALL, Cottage Farm,

near Camp, Stroud. r j 5

BE PREPARED FOR 1921 HONEY SEASON.—
HiveSj Brood Boxes, etc., made to your
requirements. Our 12-frarae W.B.C. Hive is for
ihoney production; no nails used; is substantial;
all work ecrewed.— Quotations from H. GILLAM,
56, Sackville Road, Be.\;hlll. r.k.64

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offfcee : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.-PBARSON & GALE. Marl-
borough. r.h.l31

The Governors invite applications for an
Assistant Lecturer in Bee-keeping at a commencing
S'alary of £100 per annum, with a war bonus at
present of £123 178. 6d. per annum.

Thirty copies of letter of application, giving full
particulars of training and experience, together
with thirty copies of not more than three testi-
monials, should be lodged with the undersigned not
later than December 18, 1920.

Further particulars may be obtained on appli-
cation to —

WILLIAM MURISON, Secretary.

41J, Union Street, Aberdeen,
November 17, 1920.

Finest Grade New Zealand Honey

(Amber)

For Bee Feeding. Guaranteed Pure.

Cftses, each 2-60 lb. nominal Tina. 95/- per owt.

Carriage paid.

Cash with order or on receipt of goods.

N.B. We are alreadj supplying Beekeepers'

Asaooiations throughout the Country and shall

be pleased to quote references.

The Bristol and Dominions Producers
Association, Ltd., Bristol.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
"Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams Buildings, LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. HEBKOD-HEMPSALIi, 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, Iiondon, W.C.S.

Displayed Advertisement Rates.

British Bee Journal or Bee-keepers' Record.

£ 6. d.

Full page ... ... 4 0 0

Half page 2 10 0

One-third page 1 16 0

Quarter page 1 12 0

1^ in, across page 1 7 0

1 in across page 0 18 0

2 in. across page 0 10- 0

1^ in. single column . . .. 0 15 0
1 in. single column .. 0 10 0

^ in. single column 0 6 0

Discount for a series of consecutive displayed

advertisements ; — Six insertions, 2^ per cent. ;

Twelve insertions, 5 per cent. ; Twenty -six,

15 per cent,; Fifty-two, 30 per cent.

Nov. 25, 1020. THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL. jji

"American Bee Journal'' specification Tested three banded Italians.

DIRECT from ITALY.

^^ — F . May & June July & Aug. Sept.

^^/.LEM^s-^ 13/- 12/- 10/- each.

Sole Agent : H. M. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue, PAISLEY, Scotland

1920 — QUEENLAND LIST — 1921

In reply to many requests coming in for our Premier White Star Queens for the Season 192 1, we

beg to state that early delivery may not be offered, as a certain number of orders have been

canied over (by request) from previous season for first 1921 delivery, in consequence of the

unfavourable weather for queen-mating.

Our Premier White Star Nucleus Stocks

will be offered as usual, and at former price ; but the charges for Queens have been revised, and
include the offer of well-bred and selected Virgin Queens of this renowned strain.

Full Queenland Descriptive Circular 4d., The Revised List only (to those having 1920 List, 2d..

post free,'

Of S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

For Christmas Gifts. You can get the books of the best authorities in this and other
countries, and also the leading American and foreign bee-journals, from

E. J. BURTT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER.

For the convenience of beekeepers I am printing a special list 0/ these. Send a postcard for it.

6i ^^^^ |1 ^^'T^ r^ T^ ^^^ Tf " The^ cure for, and preventive of,

""'*■ ■m^B.»«mB •• jgjg q{ Wight ' Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain
^ ^ or unpleasant odour.

„ , rUK DhLb BACiEROL LIMITED

2/9 per Bottle. Post Free. 19/25, Brookside Rd. Highgate, h. 19.

p^ "RACTERO!

^^ A "VTT^^LJ^ Made in our own factory by bee-keepers for bee-keepers.

t.A\ r\ Jl Y 6 lbs. post free 9 6

^^^* .^ X ^ ^Li^ -^ Guaranteed from Pure White Refined Cane Sugar.

Miss Chester-Master's Patent Candy Box, 4/6 each. Postage extra gd.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary. BROMUE^Y. RENT.

Bee-keeping Simplified

FOR THE COTTAGER AND SMALLHOLDER,

By W. HERROD-HEMPSALL, F.E.S.,

Author of " Producing, Preparing, Exhibiting and Judging Bee Produce."
Price Is. net. Post Free 1/li

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL OFFICE, 23, Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL. Nov. 25, 1920.

I FOUR FIRST FRIZES. I

= Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR PRIZES =

= at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at Aberdeen, thus =

= testifying to the superiority of our goods. Order naw at catalogue =

= prices and save money. =

j SOFT BEE CANDY. |

= Have you tried our- Famous Bee Candy ? If not, you should send =

= for a trial order now. It is made from PURE WHITE CANE =

^ SUGAR and is PERFECTION. ^

I PRICES— I

= 1 lb. at 1/5, postage 9d., 6 lbs. at 9/6 post free, =

E 10 lbs. at 15/6 post free. ^

= Can be had medicated or not, as required. =

I R. STEELE & BRODIE, |

= Bee Appliance Makers, =

I WORMIT, FIFE. |

S Telegrams : — " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormit. ^

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin

pppppppppgggiipggngg^^g^ngygigsgmggggggggg

BE^E^ OANDY.

W

E are now able to supply CANDY OF OUR
OWN MAKE from guaranteed Pure White!

1 Refined Cane Sugar. In 1-lb. boxes with glass tops.
It can be had plain or medicated with either " Yadil "
or ''Bacterol."

PRICES.
71b. 11/-, postage 1/3

141b. 21/6, postage 2/6

281b. 42/-, postage 5/-

1121b. £8 8s., packed free, carriage

forward.

BEE FOOD SUGAR VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex.

m

m

1

Feinted by the Avenue Peess (L. Upcotx Qill & Son, Ltd.), 65-57, Druev Lane, London, W.C, and

Published fob the Peopeietoe (W. Hkrrod-Hempsau), bv Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton,

Kent & Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, Pateenostee Eow, E.C.

BBniSH B» JotrBNii and Bei-ecepebs' Advibeb. December 2, 1920.

and* J.Herrod
Hempackll

FES.

& JBee -Keepers ^^^ 0,7^
Adviser/ T''?^?s/

cCV^ekly Journal Devoted to i/^^^/anr/ ^
the Interests oj r4^ '^°'''^t "
Bce-Kccpers.

No. 2006. Vol. XL VIII

DECEMBER 2, 1920.

[PubZisAetf eoeri/ T/iursdatr. Frlc« 8d.

coKTrrEsifrrs.

The B.B.J, and its Contribtjtoes 577

British Bee-keepers' Association Conversazione 578

Monthly Meeting op Council 579

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 580-

Do Bees Do Nothing Invariably 581

Bee Notes from Derbyshire 582

Jottings of a Black Country Beginner 583

Cotswold Notes 584

page

A Correction 584

Impudent Theft from Bee Hives 585

Correspondence —

Onions and " Isle of Wight " Disease 585

The Aberdeen Discovery 586

Surrey Bee-keepers' Association 586

Notices to Correspondents 587

OWING to the FALL in the COST OF SUGAR
WE ARE IN A POSITION TO SUPPLY

PINK (MEDICATED OR PLAIN)

SOFX
OANDY

Made from Guaranteed Pure Cane Sugar.

NO VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

1/5 per lb. (71b. parcel post free, 11/-)
(101b. do, do. 15/6)

E. H. TAYLOR, LTD., WELWYN, HERTS.

u

THE BfirnSH BEE JOtJBNAL.

Dec. 2, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journai

OfGce: 23, B«df<xrd Str«eit, Strand, London, W.C.9.
ESTiBUBHID 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAJT, F.Ii.S., &c.,
and J. HEBBOS-KEIUPSAIJ:.. F.E.S.

Corpespondence : Whom tolAddress.—
All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

SubsePiptions. — Annual Subscription,
lOs. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money.— Remittances can
'be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for oommission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested ux the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in uie paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM*

Yon are advised to insist on this being used when
dealing with strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules he carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatcJiad until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. SCethod.— When etrengers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
ot the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchaee is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2i
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Ofilce Orders aJid
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after maklni; the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on Gtoneral
Post Office) and Cheques most be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempeall, and crossed " London
County and Weetmineier Bank." The numbers of
ihe Poetai Oadan ahomld be kept by tike Mnder.

We cannot be responsible for any lose thai may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, wliich must be seat direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— la ordering, the time
allowed for completinj; the order to be stated to
us when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hola
cash until transaction is satisfaciorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the smreliafie is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods In Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by tlie vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriase.— The carriage of all goods, except
siuh as art tent by post, is payable b:^ the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
api^roval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Caoh la foil most be senl with order.

Postage

A. Modem B«« Farm 7/6 ... 8id.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Advasoed Be« Caltur*

(HuToaiNBON) 6/- ... Bid.

Beginner's Bee Book (Piixm) &/• ... 4A.
BEE-KEEPING SIKCPZaXFIXD
FOR THE COTTAGEK AlTD
SMAIJ^HOUDEIt (W. HiKAOD-

HmPBiLL, F.E^.) 1/- ... 2d.

BBZTISK BEXS • KEEPEBS'
GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Oowili)

Paper covers ~ 3/6 ... 3d.

Clo^ covers 3/6 ... 4d.

Dlsseotlble Uodel of Qne«n

Bee 4/6 ... 3d.

FEItTXI.IBATION OF F&UIT
BI^SSOMB BY BEES (T. W.

COWAM) - ... -/3 ... Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hon) ... -/6 ... Id.

Honey Vinegar (Bsv. G. Bamok^ •/2 ... Id.

How to Keep Bess (Amha B.
Ooustook) 6/- ... 4id.

Prevention ol Swarming
(WlLKKB) 1/- ... IJd.

Pollination oS Fruit In rela-
tion to Commercial Fruit
Growing (C. H. Hoona, FJI.H.S.) -/6 ... Id.

PRODUCIKG, PKBPABING,
EXHIBITUerG AJffD JUDG-
ING BES PRODUCE (W.
HBBaoo-HuiFBAiX, F.E.S.) ... S/- ... Sd.

Queen Rearing In England
(F. W. h. SuDiN) 1/6 ... Sd.

Solentlflo Queen Rearing
(DooLinu) ... 4/- ... 3^.

Snelgrove's Uethod of Re-
Queenlng -/6 ... Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book ... 2/6 ... 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) ... 2/- ... 2id.

]aiSCEIJ:.ANEOU9.

The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER Edwaedes) 2/- ... 3d.

Iilfe of the Bee (Maeteblinoe) ... 6/- ... 4d.
THE BEE WORI.D (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Aru Olus.

apart from ordinary memben of

the latter), per copy ... .„ -/S ... li^.
The Bee llaster ol Warrllow

(TioEXCB Edwabsu) _. ... 7/6 ... 4.id.

British Bee Jonrnal & Record Office,

as. BBDrOKD STKKSr. STEAJND LOXBOV. W.Ot.

Dec. 2, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOUKNAL.

677

The B.B.J, and Its

Contributors.

In his " Notes from Gretna Green " in
the JouKNAL last week Mr. J. M. Ellis
ma-de sevei-al remarks upon which we
take this opportunity to comment.
Mr. Ellis says: "I was struck by the
fact that the regular contributors of
ten years ago are entirely absent from
the Journal of to-day." On looking back
through our files we miss only one or two
outstanding names among those who may
fairly be described as " regular contribu-
tors," and who are still living. Some
have passed away, and others who ten
years ago were in or just getting past their
prime are by now feeling the weight of
years. This would be so in the ordinary
course of events, but, in addition, the last
few years have been so strenuous and full
of anxiety for all that most of us have
" aged " considerably more than, would
have been the case had times been normal.
Is it, then, to be wondered at that some
of these veterans of bee craft no longer
feel equal to the task of contributing as
regularly as they used to do, or even at
all. Some we know have had reluctantly
to give up the greater part of their bee-
keeping as well. It is not every bee-
keeper who has the virility of the late
Dr. C. C, Miller.

Comparing the list of contributors of
ten years ago with those of the present
time, we find that in 1909 the contribu-
tors numbered 66, and in 1919 206. Mr.
Ellis <3ays " The British Bee Journal is,
or should be, a medium for the exchange
of views and experiences by bee-keepers."
Looking at it from that standpoint,
surely there maist be at the present time
a more liberal exchange of views, etc.,
with 206 contributors than ten years ago
with 66.

Mr. Ellis also contends " that far too
much valuable space is wasted on matters
entirely alien to the craft," and, further
on, he has " noticed an occasional protest
on this siibject, and these complaints are
entirely justified." "We do not know who
has appointed Mr. Ellis a judge on this
matter, and we do not in the least agree
with him. We grant that every line, or
even every article, is not absolutely de-
voted to matter that is " solely about
bees," but to say that they are " entirely
alien to the craft " is a " terminological
inexactitude," We take it most, if not
all, of the articles Mr. Ellis has in mind

are -tho.se referring to the cultivation of
fruits and flowers; but without flowers
bees could not exist, and " no flowers, no
fruit." They are all so dependent one
upon the other that no apology is needed
for publishing such articles as those by
Mr. C. H. Hooper, Mr. J. J. Kettle, Mr.
A. H. Harwood and others. Is a love of
Nature alien to the craft, and are we to
cut out all reference to its beaiities, to
the delights of a spring ramble in country
lanes, with their myriads of flowers in
and by tlie hedgerows and orchards with
their masses of bloom, and later through
the meadows carpeted with clover, or by
fields red with sainfoin, under sweet-
smelling lime trees, or over the moors,
with their rolling masses of purple
heather, and with it all the almost ever
present hum of the bees?

We trow not, for your true lover of bees
also loves all these, not only for their
beauty, but because they speak of the
bees, and, far from being alien to the
craft, are an absolute necessity to it.
Had all writings but those " solely about
bees " been barred from the pages of The
British Bee Journal in years past, many
of the charming writings of " Lord'-
wood " would have been lost to our
readers. We have had occasional pro-
tests, but also numbers of letters of
appreciation. If those who protest had
to conduct this, or any other paper
they would know it is quite impossible
to suit every one, and for ourselves we
may say we are not going to try. The
fact that at the present time the number
of readers of The British Bee Journal
is highef than at any previous time in its
history is proof that the matter provided
is not distasteful to them. We do our
best, and, to quote from the poem., " A
Short Sermon," in our editorial of Octo-
ber 21, " Some folks won't like it, but
other folks will." We suggest our readers
and contributors pin that poem up where
it may be constantly seen, and bear in
mind another couple of lines it contains :
" The plants that we're passin' as com-
mon place weeds, Oft prove to be just
what some sufferer needs." The moral
is plain.

We share the regret of Mr. Ellis at the
absence of contributions from Scotland.
We are anxious to help bee-keepers all
over the country, but so far south we are
somewhat out of touch with conditions
prevailing in the far north, and it would
be a great help to many bee-keepers there
if some of our Scottish friends would give
their experiences from time to time. We
sincerely hope this matter will be rectified
during the coming season. We also hope
that more of our many Irish readers will
let us know of the prospects and progress
of bee-keeping in the sister isle.

578

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAIi.

Dec. 2, 1920.

British Bee-Keepers'
Association.

Conversazione, October 21, 1920.
(Continued from page 542.)

MR. PEICE'S LECTUEE.

Tlie subject I have to deal with to-day
is " The Production of Heather Honey.''
Many beekeepers are not interested in
it because they do not live where the
heather grofws. Others are interested
because they live in heather, districts, and
they are in a position to secure two crops
o: honey in one season. It is not every-
one who can get heather honey. To be
able to secure good heather honey you
must be prepared to use your skill, and
work to a system. It requires more skill
and better management to secure surplus
heather honey tlian it does to secure the
ordinary honey in the summer time. In
some of the bee men we have some of
the greatest fanatics. One man said his
method was to shake his bees on to racks
of sections and if they did spoil a few
that would not be serious. But what
happens to the brood and what happens
tO' the bees on returning home?

There is a system of sending bees to
the moors on shallow frames. The heather
hive consists of nine shallow frames, and
arrangements made for supers later. I
am afraid that larger frames than the
Standard have no chance among the
heather bee men. In the majority of
Cases, and especially where there are
Italian queens at the head, the brood nest
is blocked with honey from top to bottom.
If you use a larger frame than the stan-
dard it will not be successful. .

The heather blooms at a season of the
year different to other blooms. It is un-
natural for the-bee to secrete wax or to
produce combs so late in the year. If a
queen has been laying all the season she
cannot be expected tO' continue brood-
rearing late in the autumn. We can
rectify the matter of comb-building some-
what, and a great many prominent bee-
keepers secure their drawn-out combs
during the summer time. Sections which
do not come up to show standard are ex-
tracted and used for the heather.

There are a good many dangers in con-
nection with heather-honey production,
especially to those who have to cart their
bees long distances. In the counties of
Durham and Northumberland there would
be few beekeepers were it not for the
facilities of sending bees to the moors.
Th chief dangers in carting bees are bad
packing, and bad roads, often resulting
during hot weather in smothering the
bees. With insufficient ventilation bees
packed overnight will be smothered before
next morning. They find a considerable
number of queens have been accidentally

killed, and stocks return queenless. Then
there is the danger of diseases, and in the
northern counties this practice has facili-
tated their spread. This will be so in the
future, because there are some places
where there are 400 stocks together.
Farmers will take Is. per hive standing
room. If there are any diseased stocks,
and robbing is set up, the disease is spread
to a considerable number of districts.

Motor transport and proper hives will
go far in overcoming these difficulties. I
have not seen a proper hive manufactured
by our appliance makers, and many do
not come up to my expectations.

I have here a model of a hive which may
be of interest, and the hive is well adapted
for carting bees to the moors.

However ornamental gable roofs may be,
they do not serve any useful purpose in
cartage.

The hive was made tO' half scale !by a bee-
keeper who is a tailor by trade, and
shows the method of securing it for trans-
port tO' the moors. In moving the bees
it is necessary to have a ventilated frame
over the bees, or a light quilt and venti-
lation in the floor. I find that not to
much harm results from cold as from over-
heating.

Some of, the hives in use at the moors
are most interesting, but the W.B.C. is
not the hive for this purpose. In the
majority of cases hives better adapted for
transport are used. Northumberland bee-
keepers use a hive with nine standard
frames. On the top of the brood nest
they place a rack of sections, and on the
top of that the ordinary quilt, with feed-
hole open, and covered by a piece of per-
forated zinc.

You will have noticed in my remarks
that heather-honey production does re-
quire a lot of skill and some system. What
iisually happens is that immediately after
the ordinary flow the queens stop laying;
consequently, when the bees are brought
home there are not sufficient io winter.
It is often necessary to' replace the old
queen before taking the bees to tlie moors,
and to slow feed to get sufficient brood
to occupy the combs.

I have seen good heather honey many
times, and I have seen honey which has
been termed heather honey. In some dis-
tricts anything is palmed off as heather
honey. Good heather honey is not dark.
The pure honey is, however, strong, and
does not suit everybody's palate. It is
interesting to know that there are not
many countries from which it is possible
to obtain pure heather honey. At Can-
nock Chase I have been able to obtain a
few samplesl

It is no use at all for beekeepers
to take bees to the heather when
there are only a few acres. Hundreds of

Dec. 2, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOUENAL.

679

acres are necessary. Pure heather honey
does not granulate, nor can it be ex
ti acted. There is a practice of disposing
of honey in what they call "supers of
honey," i.e., in boxes weighing 7 to 14 lbs.
The boxes are placed in the hive and the
bees build combs 3 in. thick filled with
honey.

Mr. Judge asked if any particular race
of bees was most suited to heather-honey
production. The lecturer stated that at
the present time there were very few
blacks. The Italian and the hybrid had
done very well this year.

Mr. Thomas asked if the floorboard ven-
tilation was ever clogged with propolis.
Mr, Price stating this did not occur if the
ventilator was placed near the entrance.

Mr. Bryden inquired if the lecturer had
any experience of using queenless bees for
heather-honey production? Mr. Price
said he had not.

Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall said re the
granulating of heather honey, he was
taken to task some time ago because he
stated in an article in the Bee World that
pure heather honey would not granulate,
and he had several samples of granulated
honey sent to him as pure heather, but in
every case an examination of the honey
showed the presence of pollen grains from
clover and other sources as well.

He also noticed some of them smiled
rather audibly at the suggestion of usino;
queenless bees for honey production. He
had lived long enough to realise that
there was yet much to learn with regard
to the practice and science of bee-keep-
ing, and it was just as well to be quite
certain that one was qiiite conversant with
all methods of bee-keeping before regard-
ing any question, or suggestion, as foolish.
As a matter of fact, as stated bv Mr.
Rrvden in his paper, they found in some
apiaries in Italy it was a regular practice
to de-queen the stocks at the commence-
ment of the honey flow, keepiua; them
queenless while it continued, and the
system answered well. The average yield
of honey per hive in Italy was aboiit
42 lbs.

IMr. J. Herrod-Hempsall said that when
doing expert work in Lancashire, where
many bee-keepers regularly moved their
bees to the moors, he found it was the
practice to endeavour to have the
combs in the brood chamber fully occu-
pied either by stores or brood, and
it was better to have young brood
in preference to that just on the
point of emerging from the cells. In the
latter case the honey was put in the cells
as sooii as the yoimg bees were out instead
of being stored in the supers, while if
the brood was young the cells were occu-
pied, possibly whilst the flow from the
heather lasted, and the honey had to
be placed in the supers. Did Mr. Price's

experience show that was sound. Mr,
Price said that was so.

Mr. G. Thomas said, in reference to Mr.
J. Herrod-Hempsall's remarks about
moving hives containing young brood, if
those who moved to the heather had any-
thing like his experience of moving bees
by train, they would find most of the
young larvae dead at the joxxrney's end.
He found it necessary under these condi-
tions to travel in the van with the bees,
and now and again sprinkle water on the
canvas used foT covering the frames. If
this was not done the young larvae died.

Mr. Prior asked if it would not be pre-
ferable to convey bees to the moors on
standard frames, and then rediice them
to shallows. The lecturer pointed out
that this was impracticable, as there
would be no means of taking care of the
brood in the standard frames.

In reply to a further question from Llr.
Judge, the lecturer stated that the sub-
soil was an important factor in heather-
honey production, and the higher the alti-
tude the better.

Mr. P-earman said he never experienced
any difficulty in moving his bees. He
simply took the top quilt cff and piit a
cheese-cloth in its place.

The usual votes of thanks broiight a
very successful meeting to a close.

MoxTHLY Meeting of CorxciL.

The monthlv meeting of Council was
held at 23. Bedford Street, Strand, Lon-
don, ■W.C.2, on Thursdav, November 18,
1920.

Mr. W. F. Reid presided, and there
were also present Miss M. D. Sillar,
Messrs. G. Bryden, G. S. Fanuch, G. 'E.
Alder, G. W. Judge, G. J. Flashman, J.
Herrod-Hempsall. Association represen-
tatives :R. P. Babbage (Middlesex^ E. G.
W,aldock and W. E. Hamlin (Surrey),
C. P. Jarman (Kent), E. Watts (Herts),
W. M. Valon (Staffs.), and the Secretary,
W. Herrod-Hempsall.

Mr. A. L. C. Fell was elected a mem-
ber of the Council in place of the late
Mr. T. Bevan, on the proposition of Mr.
W. E. Hnmlin, seconded by Mr, E. G.
Waldock. Mr. G. Bryden was elected on
the Exhibitions' Committee in place of
the late Mr. T. Bevan.

Letters of regret at inability to attend
were read from Sir Ernest Spencer,
Messrs. A. G. Pugh, F. W. Watts. W. H.
Simms, F. W. Harper, W. Griffiths, and
Rev. E. J. Bartleet.

The following new members were
elected : — Miss L. W. France, Miss C. L.
Peck, Messrs, G. Ord. C, T. Sanctuary,
AV. Wilson, and B. R. Sandwith.

The report of the Finance Committee
was presented by Mr. Bryden, who stated
that the receipts for September were

580

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 2, 1920.

£8 10s. 6d., for October £19 Is. 6d. ; the
bank balance on November 1 was
£104 15s. 9d., payments amounting to
£4 8s. were recommended.

The report on Preliminary Examina-
tion in Lincolnshire was received, and it
was resolved to grant the certificate to
Mrs. M. L. Gill.

Arrangements were made for Insurance
in 1921 upon the usual terms.

The matter of conditions for Final Ex-
amination were postponed to the next
meeting of Council.

It was resolved, upon the application
of the requisite number of members of
the Council, to hold a special general
meeting on December 16 at 6 p.m. to con-
sider the raising of the annual subscrip-
tion of members, and to alter the rules
with regard to plural voting.

A letter was received (from the Royal
Agricultural Society of England stating
the conditions which they were prepared
to offer for the Honey Competition in
1921. It was resolved that, owing to the
state of the finances, it would not he
possible to hold an exhibition at the
Royal Show in 1921. The matter of an
Exhibition elsewhere was referred to the
Exhibitions Committee.

Next meeting of Council December 16,
1920, at 23, Bedford Street.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

This week I shall devote the space at
my disposal to replying to many queries.
Some addressed to ' me through the
columns of this Journal, others through
the post. First, I am asked, do I seri-
ously believe in tanging? Yes, I thought
I had proved to the satisfaction of most
beekeepers that tanging with an instru-
ment giving forth a good tone has an
immediate effect on swarming bees. The
theory that bees are stone deaf has surely
been long ago exploded. It is not neces-
sary for insects to have ears to hear
any more than it is necessary to have a
nose wherewith to smell. The organ of
hearing enables us to be sensible of the
vibrations which take place in the atmo-
sphere. The auditory nerve conveys
these vibrations to the brain. Bees in
like manner are sensible to vibrations
which are not beyond their sympathetic
system, by which I mean that there may
be terrific sounds, the vibrations of which
are too violent for such tiny things as
bees. But the ringing of a bell disturbs
the tone of the swarm, aud cither half
paralyses the little creatures that they
fall in a disorganised condition to the
ground, or it attracts them by its insist-
ence. From close observation T have
formed the opinion that tanging dis-

turbs their rhythm of flight. Older bees
get so annoyed they make for the tanger.
If an after-swarm, or cast, be tanged,
the bees seem helpless and sink to the
ground unless they can rest on a bush
before reaching terra firma. If one is
fortunate to be on the spot when a swarm
is issuing, a bell rung as one stands
behind the hive will bring the swarm back
to its home. It is certain bees can hear
a bell as easily as they can hear a piping
queen, or, if joxi like it better, feel the
vibrations of both.

Another question I have been asked is,
where would I, if I had an acre of ground,
place my bees if a vein of clay ran
through about half way, the other half
being sandy-; gravelly soil? Well, pro-
viding aspect and shelter were equal, I
shoiild place my hives on the sandy soil,
as being dryer and warmer.

Question 3 is : Do I always adopt
direct introduction when giving new
queens to stocks? My answer is :' No, not
always. Foiir times this year to queen-
less stocks I have placed new queens
among the distressed bees, and each time
has ixer majesty been welcomed with
great joy; but taldng out a queen and
introducing another within 48 hours is
a different matter. Then an introduc-
ingr cage comes in handy. It is not suffi-
cientlv well known that when bees show
inclinations to ball an introduced queen,
crushing one or two bees, drones for pre-
ference, if done early in the season, and
painting the queen with the juice of the
crushed bees, will generally deceive the
very elect.

Now I come to the query by W. B.
Ibbotson in last week's B.BJ. I am
asked Avhether I mean that owing to the
brilliant weather last month bees will
have consumed an enormous amount of
their stores? Not exactly; what I meant
to sav was that, owins; to a large amount
of brood reared in October, a quantity
of stores was needed to feed the grubs
and set them going when out of their
cells. Most of trs this year, I think, saw
stores vanish at an unusual rate last
month. This autumn has been so excep-
+ ''>nal. One of the most striking things
about bees is that often the weaker can
overcome the stronger. Early in October
I got a few pounds of driven bees from
an amateur bee-keeper in the county,
hived thorn, and began feedinjr with
syvup. After a week of syrup feorlinrr T
gave them a couple of rakes of candy and
covered them down. Three days ago, the
weather beins: warm and the bees out
flvino:, \ looked through some of my
stocks to se<» if they needed any more
candy, and was surjirised to find the
rakes in this driven stock scarcelv
touched. A closer examination revealed

Dec. 2, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

681

an amount of stores in what were a month
ago empty comt,s. To my mind, every
stock in my apiary was stronger than this
little lot, and yet it was obvions that
much robbing had been done to get those
combs filled in October. I intended say-
ing a word or two with regard to Mr.
Ellis's remarks in last week's B.B.J.,
but, having a cold and feeling somewhat
muddled, I will hold them over — " Thank
goodness! " says the compositor. — E. F,
Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

Do Bees **Do Nothing

Invariably " ?

(By L. Willis.)

(Continued from page 556.)
It would possibly be of interest to give
a bird's-eye survey of the manipulations
which we employed broadly covering a
stock for the season: — Having been win-
tered in two stock-boxes, when the iirst
glorious spell is with us, they are given
a clean floor board and stock-boxes. To
the bottom box is given the brood in the
more advanced stage, not forgetting
generous supplies of food and pollen at
each side; in the top box is placed the
rest of the younger brood also with good
supplies ; the overplus of food is taken
out and stored for use in the apiary,
and empty drawn-out combs inserted, as
the queen will always make for the top
box and there is plenty of heat arising
from the necessary work going on below
to send her along in fine style. They
are then left till the time estimated when
they will require a third box ; the brood
is again arranged as before, and the third
box is placed above the excluder with all
spare fraanes of comb containing young
brood and eggs ; in 10 days this can be
utilised for queen introduction, and this
process can be repeated until no more
nuclei are required. By allowing the stock
always, to keep the more advanced brood
they never are allowed to get danger-
ously deficient in bees to carry on. As
it is not advisable to re-queen till July,
Ishould no futrther nuclei be requi|red,
the extra brood can be raised, periodi-
cally examining for queen cells. Gener-
ally speaking, manipulations can be ex-
tensively and qtiickly carried out before
the end of June ; after that, it is best to
close down the first harvest and run for
the second, so disposing of the larger
stocks that only top manipulations need
be attempted should the weathAr prove
airocious.

The spare hive stunt by the way is a
very useful medium for examining nuclei

when necessary during a bad spell. Fitted
up with drawn combs and a little honey
they can l^e left on the site, taking any
flying bees and preventing the slightest
suspicious disturbance; we employed two,
so that the first emptied while the second
nucleus was being examined, and this
prevented any fighting and robbing. This,
however, cannot be employed with a large
stock except at peril of robbing being
set up ; we have done it by lowering their
top boxes on the empty hive, but it is not
to be advised.

When re-queening is due, tke nucleus
to \<hich the stock is to be joined is over-
hauled and combs arranged for occupa-
tion by a very large colony which will
push the queen on at a smart pace. After
the fifth day of joining up, weather per-
mitting, this box is examined to see if
she is " O.K.," and a full box of ad-
vanced brood again put below (of course
making sure there are no queen cells in
it), the queen in her box going second,
and she is allowed to keep these two boxes
till roughly the beginning of August.
Should' the weather, however, delay this
operation, the queen will have plenty of
scope in the one box for the time being.

Approximately at the beginning of
August (or middle August if a flow is
on) she is again excludered in the bottom
box to enable the stock to be easily and
quietly wintered without further neces-
sity for manipulations should the weather
be very unfavoiiraible, and the rest of the
brood is distriKuted in the upper boxes for
surplus. It is advisable to allow no box
on the hive without its quota of
brood and food as this has a large effect
on the surplus and breeding. The winter
box of food is prepared solid with food
and stored, if all sealed, right at top.
" Portering " takes place as required,
but before the last couple or so of surplus
boxes are cleared, and when the flow for
surplus is well over, as conditions permit,
the queen excluder is lifted and a couple
of combs of eggs are put into the centre
of the wintering box and this is lowered
without further examination of the stock ;
at the same time the combs used for
surplus have the " Porter " escape board
placed under them. Managed in this way,
there is none of the anger and depression
usually experienced when depriving the
bees of their spoils ; in fact, the bees in
our yard appeared wild with delight at
having suddenly thrown open to them
ancl their queen without barrier an
Eldorado of honey, and their actions
showed that far from feeling that they
had been robbed, they regarded " overy-
thinr; in the garden as lovely."

When the surplus hoxes were taken
off, the escape was also withdrawn from

582

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 2, 1920.

the board, and the hole covered by a piece
of glass.

We medicated all boxes and floor-
boards with Ayles'' " Isle of Wight "
cure; although we have not found this
either cure or prevent the disease, we
have found it a very good sanitary niedi-
cant for the hives. It would appear to
be wise never tO' let bees be hived on un-
treated wood ; under repeated breeding
wood seems to be very infective judging
frami larger stock. Ayles' cure, being of
the nature of creosote, makes other medi-
cation superfluous, and it lasts for some
time. Veterinary Izal, in solution, was
also used to dip the cloths and tools in
when . manipulating.

Owing to the fact that in our second
extended outbreak of " Isle of Wight "
disease, it was noticed that those stocks
which went under most approximated
to the Blacks, many near-crossed Italians
in the same rows escaping, the apiary
was completely Italianised, and no stock
allowed beyond a first cross, and by run-
ning with and not counter to their
natural instincts, we were not troubled
with the disease. An Italian virgin, by
the way, crossed with acclimatised
drones, cannot be beaten for honey pro-
duction and disease resistance, and the
cross is very gentle to handle.

Three harvests cannot be run for in
our uncertain weather, and many small-
holders come to grief just there. You can
run for nuclei (or stocks) and honey Mnth
certainty of success, but you cannot also
run for queens. The fertilisation of a
large number of queens requires gorgeous
and settled weather, and if this fails, the
nuclei you have on hand are practically
worth nothing. Head your nuclei with
selected Italian queens — obtained early
during the natural swarming season
they are glorious creatures, and you
will not have to complain any
more that bees give only fluke har-
vests. Raise a few first crosses for
your own use but leave out queen-
raising on a large scale for your own re-
queening and the nuclei if you have to
run for immediate and certain profit. All
years give us good spells before the end
of June, and most at least one honey flow
later; but for successful queen rearing
you must have gorgeous weather at
specified times I

There is another thing that should be
given the serious consideration of the
smallholder, and that is that owing to
the uncertain weather bee-keeping is a
very^ h,eavy and onerous occupiation at
particular seasons if the stocks are to be
worked to his ends, and it is not in the
multiplicity of stocks that profit lies;
larger profits can be obtained from

25 stocks, having regard to personal ex-
pert labour, than can be taken from
treble the number.

Such in outline has been my method of
stock control by which I was enabled to
forecast results with a considerable de-
gree of accuracy even though still experi-
menting. Surely a most fascinating and
profitable field of investigation will be
(opened as others confirm and amplify
kindred experiments, till the day comes
when it is indisputably proved that bees,
like all else in Nature, are stable in
their actions under given conditions, and
a solid path is beaten out for struggling
smallholders.
" The little more, and how much it is;

The little less, and wha,t worlds away ! ' '

Bee Notes from Derbyshire.

(Continued from page 570.)
June came with three warm days, and
on the second the stock I had put those
ten combs of honey under swarmed,
although the queen had the run of
twenty combs, and the stock supered
with another ten brood combs, which
they all but covered. The queen
had brood and eggs on eighteen of the
twenty, but somehow I lost her over
the swarming. I did not see them come
out, land I did not find them till 6.30
although I commenced to look at 3 o'clock.
I saw then they had swarmed, and as I
wanted increase, I split the brood up into
four lots leaving two combs on which to
put the sAvarm back. I noticed the queen
cell had hatched out, but left no queen
cells on the two combs I gave the swarm ;
but I found out after I had given them
the hatched-out queen. I never saw my
queen run in with the ST;\^arm ; but bees
ran in so fast 1 concluded she was all
right. Two days later they were acting
as if they had lost their queen. I looked
but could not find her, bought another
and put her in; they killed her. I was.
a long time before I found the virgin
after, that ; I was beginning to think it
was a fertile worker that was in. Queen®
mated so badly, it was nine weeks before
T got a queen to lay right in that hive
again ; but events since have caused me
to think it was that virgin that killed my
laying queen when I returned the swarm.
I got three young queens to lay out of the
four nuclei I made. Two stocks are very
gentle, but the others, well, one needs a
gas mask on and armour plating, they are
veritable demons. I can see an interest-
ing time coming next summer if they are
lucky enough to get over winter, and of
those 100 lbs. of clover honey that I feel
sure will be running about here. After
the two honeyless summers we have had

Dec. 2, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

683

here, surely we Stall get a chance next
time. I tliougiit what honey that big lot
of bees were going to get. The nucleus
got the honey on the heather ; the, swarm
dwindled down on to three coTnbs and
needed feeding; a three frame nucleus
that I wintered beside them built up
into a strong stock, swarmed on June 23,
and that swmrm wouldn't stop in the
hive, every time I went to the garden it
was hung on a hedge somewhere, and
sometimes out all night; but eventually
it settled down to work ; then the queen
got into the super, laid three or four
combs full of eggs, then I put her below
and put excluder between ; that caused
them to fight, never knew it before, but
they killed a basin full, about all that
were in the super ; but didn't they pack
the combs with brood after tlitat, and they
got quite strong. They put 30 lbs. of
honey in the super on the moor, and the
brood combs were solid slabs of honey.

I said I made four lots of that firs'
.swarm. Three of the queens got mat«d
on June 17, the other got lost on mating
trip, and I had my first experience of a
fertile worker. Being only a few bees I
could very well see it was no queen that
kept laying a few eggs. They killed me
three virgin queens, and the little drones
were flying about before I could lay that
lady by the heels. I was always looking
for her, and I spotted her trying to lay
and killed her. There were no more eggs
after that, and as I had a queen in a cell
that the bees had held in for four days I
put it between the combs, and they have
been all right since. I had put a frame
of comb in a glass hive with two cells to
see how queens went on. They did do
some quahking to one another, but the
bees kept one in the cell. I thought I was
going to get two queens in that way, but
the other flew and got lost while I was
cutting this cell off.

I may say here I found a good way of
re-queening a hive through' using that
glass hive. They were wanting some bees
for a bee lesson at school, so I put a oomib
and bees in this glass hive and ran a
virgin queen a week old in to them. They
accepted her at once. Well, an hour after
I thought why not re-queen in that way,
so the next time I had a hive to re-queen,
T killed the old queen, put a comb of bees
into the glass hive. Half an hour later
I ran ,in the new queen, a laying one, and
tlie same night returned it to the parent
hive, and it is going on grand.

It has been a catchy time to get queens
mated, some never got mated ; some went
three weeks. One T had in a matchbox
ready to put into a niicleus at night, and
days had been dull, when about 1 o'clock
on August 10 the sun came out bright,
I thought this queen will miss a good day

if I don't liberate her, so I shot the match-
box open under the combs, and, would
you believe it, that queen got mated that
afternoon^ for the next days were dark
and dull, and on the fourth day I found
a patch of eggs 6 in. across. I have kept
queen bees various periods in matchboxes
this year, by just smearing a drop of
honey on the edge outside so they can
lick it. One laying queen lived two weeks,
and I was going to re-qiieen a colony with
her when I accidentally let her drop off
the table on to the floor, but it killed her,
she died the same night.

{To he continued.)

Jottings of a Black-Country
Beginner.

From our little mis-named district,
famous in industry, I observe that very
little information appears in The British
Bee Journal; threfore I offer this list
of observations in an attempt to fill the

gap.

Needless to say, we, in common with all
districts, have marked down 1920' as a
dead-letter year as far as apiarists are
concerned.

Since September, however, the weather
gods have attempted to compensate us for
a vilely-wretched summer. "With the ex-
ception of a few frosts, fogs and rainy
daj's, we have, indeed, felt the full benefit
of St. Luke's little summer.

During the week I have strolled over a
near-by hill, known as the " Wren's
Nest ' ' — owing to the curious shape it
possesses, caused through limestone exca-
vations.

The mildness of the weather can be
judged from the fact that on this high
beauty-spot, daisies, dandelions, butter-
cups, pit-mound " dog daisies," and a
yellow flower (perhaps Mr. Editor will give
correct technical names for the last two
mentioned from the specimens enclosed?)
were found growing.'

Yes, and behold! yesterday, in the
shelter of my solitary hive I found a ven-
turesome strawberry blossom !

Considerably interested in beekeeping, as
I have been for some time, I was unable
to embark on this pleasurahle hobby until
this autumn, as I have only been a few
months demobilised.

Yet I have offered these notes, Mr.
Editor, because I have faith enough to
l)clipve that the beginner has more time
to study detail than his more busy brother.
Mj stock of hybrid Italians increased from
four to six frames of comb from August
ending till the first week in Octoljer,
when her ladyship finished her season's
work. Through various causes, syrup

584

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 2, 1920.

feeding was unavoidably prolonged until
the end of October.

The busy mites are now snugly packed
down beneath a new calico quilt, four
pieces of woollen blanket and a 6-in. thick
cork-dust pillow.

As Mr. Hemming has recently com-
mented, this assuredly is the bees' play-
time.

In the few hours' daily sunshine they
make miniature circular tours, teasing
their sisters by alighting pell-mell, ever
filled with playful, over-brimming activity.
Surely my flock are chiefly youngsters, for
such demonstrations are the natural out-
let of exuberant youth.

During one fine afternoon I slightly
lifted the portion of the quilt on which
the candy rested to see if more supplies
were needed. Combs were drawn out
fuller, apparently, than when I last
looked, the inmates of the hive appeared
to be quite cosy and active.

Since I last peeped in (some weeks ago),
Mr. Editor, I notice that the bees have
hnilt from one comb -to the other, in two
places, both half-way down the frames.

As my spacing is correct, must I undo
their handiwork?

In conversation with the District Sec-
retary, Mr. "Walton, yesterday, and Mr.
E. H. Hipkins, I gathered that high hopes
were entertained in all places locally of
successful winterings

This, coupled with the fact that disease
is practically extinct in this district, gives
U3 every confidence that the year 1921
will be one on which we can mark in
flaming letters that . glorious word
' ' Forward ! "

James Cassbll, Gaston,

[The twigs were too crushed and
withered for identification. One appeared
to be a variety of Senecio, very similar
to the common groundsel (Senecio vul-
garis), which is one of the species. The
other we were unable tO' indentify at all.
The little brace comb can be removed
when spring cleaning.]

Gotswold Notes.

IS THERE A " BETTEE BEE?"

My answer, backed by experience, is
Yes! Perfection, or anything approaching
it, has not yet been reached, but just as
the desire for improvement becomes keener
so will the standard of bees be gradually
raised.

The " Isle of Wight " disease proved
this. No bee-keeper appeared satisfied
with the disoasp-resistant qualities of
Blacks, or its faculty for rapid reproduc-
tion.

Hence the importation of Italians,
which undoubtedly, for better or for worse

to the bee industry, have stemmed the
tide of disease, with the result that
healthy bees are now almost as numerous
as ever.

Without going over the pros and cons of
existing races, I do not think the average
weight of honey obtained yearly during
the last three or four seasons has been
anything like so heavy in this locality as
was the case prior to 1914.

By this I mean the yield from individual
colonies, not collectively.

Whether this is due partly to disease,
the result of changing from natives to
Italians, or to the indifferent seasons, I
cannot with certainty say.

Before we can maintain a high standard
in honey production, there are still some
very undesirable characters in existing
strains which must be got rid of. For
example we do not want bees that convert
the last drop of honey into brood; raising,
brood for brood's sake.

Many colonies raise brood far in excess
of their ability to store honey with which
to feed it.

This is the root of excessive swarming.
With one or two foreign races when kept
in England the proportion of bees attend-
ing brood to those actually foraging is so
unequal, and the total quantity of honey
collected so nominal, that they rarely, if
ever, are able to give a surplus.

Generally speaking the mildest tem-
pered bees do not excel at honey-gather-
ing. Often they are easily set upon and
robbed.

Bee for bee, blacks appear to gather the
most honey during the average short Eng-
lish summer.

Queen for queen, Italian queens produce
the most brood, starting earlier, and con-
tinuing long after black queens have nor-
mally ceased laying in the autumn.

By getting a cross between the two varie-
ties, and running them for honey only in
somie more or less isolated district, it
should be possible to separate a finer strain
for honey than anything we have had.

It costs no more to keep a good strain,
while the results are infinitely greater. —
A. H. BowEN, Cotswold Apiaries, Chel-
tenham.

A Correction.

Signor Plana writes us : — " I am very
surprised in reading on page 542 of The
British Bee Jourjnal, ' Next on to
Signor Plana' s at Castel San Pietro . . .
Both natural and artificial queen-rearing
was adopted here.' I never adopted
natural queen-rearing. I rear my queens,
following the most up-to-date methods,
as described by Phillips. I hope you will
rectify the mistake as early as possible."

Dec. 2, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

585

Impudent Theft from Bee
Hives.

At Sudbury, before the Mayor (Major
A. Goat), Alderman H. Alston, Mr. A.
Hitchcock, and Mr. E. W. "Warner.

Ernest Daniel Bareham, 18, ex-soldier,
and Edward Byford, 19, mat-maker, of
Sudbury, were charged with stealing two
hives of bees, eleven brood frames, and
2- lbs. of honey sugar, value £5, the pro-
perty of Ernest William King, grocer, of
8, Market Hill, Sudbury, on the 8th Nov.

Prosecutor said he occupied a garden
in Acton Road, and there kept four hives
of bees. He last saw the hives on Sun-
day, the 7th Nov., when all were com-
plete. On the 9th Mr. Clubb made a
statement to him, and in consequence he
went to the police, and, with Sergt.
Smith, visited the garden. On arrival
he found two. of the hives had been dis-
mantled, eleven of the brood frames had
disappeared, the hives had been pulled
to pieces, and the parts scattered about.
In one of the hives a carton of honey
sugar, containing about 2 lbs., had been
taken away. He identified the carton
of sugar by the manner in which the
sugar had been consumed. He had looked
at it on the Sunday.

Fredk. R. Clubb, engineer, of 32,
Queen's Road, said he occasionally
assisted Mr. King with his bees. On the
8th Nov. ^e saw the hives, which were-
then apparently all right. Next morning
at 8 a.m. he went through the prosecu-
tor's garden on his way to work, and
noticed that two of the hives were dis-
mantled. He at once informed the
prosecutor.

Police-Sergt. Geo. Smith said that he
and P.O. Digby visited No. 5, Metcalf's
Yard, East Street, and saw Bareham.
At the police station he showed him the
box and frames, and told him Mr. King
had identified the frames. Bareham
said: "The box and what is inside are
my property. The bees I got off a twig
in Burndon Wood last May. I brought
them home and put them into this box.
The frames I got from Dupont's. De-
fendant was searched, and on a handker-
chief found in his pocket witness found
some bee stings, which were quite fresh.
He pointed these out to the defendant,
who said, " I got them two or three days
ago when I was after some bees in a
tree. I understand bees. I have been
getting honey from trees on Ballingdon
Hill."

Witness then saw Byford, who, in the
presence of Bareham, said they had been
after honey from trees, for which they had
had permission. He knew nothing about

Mr. King's bees. Next morning, assisted
by P.O. Digby, he took casts of the foot-
prints he had covered up. He sent for
Byford, showed him the casts, and
examined his boots. One of the casts
corresponded with his left boot, and when
he pointed this out, he said: " They are
alike." Witness had kept bees all his
life, and with regard to the frames he
had never seen frames wired like them.
P.O. Digby gave corroborative evidence.
The Mayor said the Bench were per-
fectly satisfied that the cast of the foot-
print taken by Sergt. Smith correspqnded
exactly with Byford's boot; but for that
there would have been no evidence
against Byford. With regard to Bare-
ham, they had come to the conclusion
that the frames belonged to Mr. King.
They had taken into consideration that
this was the first offence of the de-
fendants, and each would have to pay a
fine of 30s.

Onions and " Isle of Wight "
Disease.

[10340] With your kind permission I
should like to give my experience with the •
above cure. In August last I had two
stocks of bees, one very strong, the other
fair, which I decided to take to the
heather about four miles away. I took
them on the 18th, and after three or four
days the weather took a turn for the
better. They had about three weeks of
splendid weather, and as there was a fine
bloom they did well. I went to see them
several times, when they were working
hard and were to all appearances healthy.
I did not fetch them back until Septem-
ber 23. We got there about dusk and so
could not see very well, but, however, we
got them made secure, but not before
noticing many dead bees on the ground
which I did not like to see. After bidding
the farmer a cheery good night we sped
on our way home, arrived there all safe,
and the next morning there were a great
number of dead bees cast oiit of the
strong stock. Later in the day, which
was a very fine one, bees were crawling
about in scores, and the other stock was
affected also.

At this stage I must tell you that this
is nothing new to mo, a.? my bees have
been wiped out three times with " Isle of
Wight" disease, and once with foul

586

THE BEITTSH BEE JOUENAL.

Dec. 2, 1920.

brood, and was thinking that the fifth
time had come, when looking at the
B.B.J . for September 23, I saw Mr.
Witney's " onion cure." I tried it at the
first opportunity, which was the 25th.
The worst stock I tried first, as the other
was not so bad. I put on a half pint of
warm syrup in the evening, and the bees
Wiere, as I thought, taking it down fast;
but on looking next morning I found that
they had only taken about half. How-
ever, in the evening the feeder was quite
empty — that was Sunday. I put on
another bottle on Monday evening, which
was empty by Tuesday. Up to that time
there seemed to be no fewer crawling bees,
but by the Wednesday there was a great
falling off, and by the end of the week not
a crawling bee to be seen, so I treated the
other stock with like results.

I have tried nearly all the so-oalled
remedies, but they have all failed,
and bees have always died out, so
if my bees get through the winter,
which I hope they will, I shall have Mr.
Witney to thank. I, like Mr. Witney,
have been looking for a cure for some
time, and do not remember seeing any
mention of onions in the B.B.J, at any
time. If it has I should like chapter and
verse. If anybody has known they must
have been hiding it under a bushel. Mr.
Witney, as soon as he has found what
we hope will prove a good thing, like an
honest man has let others know and
not kept it to himself, for which, I for
one, am very thankful. Now, Mr. Editor,
I hope you will find a corner for this, my
first letter, to the B.B.J., of which I have
been a reader for the last 35 years, and I
hope that it has still a long life before it.
All being well I will report again in the
spring. — Sam Teale, Greenside Warm
Lane, Yea don, near Leeds.

The Aberdeen Discovery.

[10341] May I be permitted to draw
your attention to the fact that the
essence of my letter, published in your
last issue on the Aberdeen discovery is
contained in the statement that "it is
rather previoture to viahe definite criti-
cal comment.'! on the brief annonncements
.so fat published "?

I doubt that you will find any of your
readers advancing the strange suggestion
that comment should be withheld " until
finality is reached " ; and T feel confident
that if you will re-examine my condensed
letter [10337], with an appreciation that
every word in it is deliberately meant,
you will do me justice by finding quite a
different interpretation and that your re-
marks are therefore inapplicable.

It is but fair to the researchers and

much in the interest of accuracy to with-
hold " definite critical comments " until
the full facts of the case are published,
which I understand will shortly be done
in the Proceedings of the Boyal Society
of Edinburgh, of which reprints may also
be available. You, personally, are of
course in a different position, since you
have attended the meeting of the R.S.E.

Some bee-keepers are wondering why
an apioultural discovery of this signifi-
cance has not been announced to a bee-
keeping conA^ention under the auspices
of the Aberdeenshire B.K.A., for in-
stance. Need I say that there is not the
least doiibt that Mr. Wood is as keen as
any enthusiast to raise the scientific
status of bee-keeping societies? Possibly
he would have arranged with Dr. Rennie
and his colleagues for such a convention
to be held and to which interested scien-
tists would have been invited, were it
not that the Z^niversity of ■ Aberdeen have
had also a say in the matter.

The one thing which I personally regret
is that not sufficiently detailed a report
has been supplied to the Bee Press in the
first instance, so that at least some provi-
sional helpful discussions, which we are
all anxious to have, may not have been
delayed. After all, the industrial signifi-
cance of the discovery is far greater
than its scientific one. What the scien-
tific and lay Press have said and will say
about it will not compare with the esti-
mation which it will continue to receive —
whatever its prospective merits may be — -
from the bee-keeping fraternity. — A. Z.
Abu SHADY.

[We have nothing to add to or retract
from our footnote to Dr. Abushady's
letter last week, we see no reason why
comments should not be made, and fail
to see what comments Dr. Abushady takes
objection to. — ^Eds.]

Surrey Bee-Keepers' Association.

GUILDFORD AND DISTRICT BRANCH.

As it is desired that all parts of the
county should share in the work and pri-
vileges of the educational efforts of the
Association, it is hoped to hold a meeting
at Cranleigh with the idea of forming a
branch there, or at least making the
attendance at a lecture successful. Would
any bee-keepers interested, or that could
get. others, kindly send a card in the first
instance to A. H, Hamshar, Wonersh,
Guildford. Members are asked to help
to make this a siuccess, and to look out
for the lecture announcement. An
attendance must be guaranteed, and if
the branch can be formed first, this should
bo beneficial to all concerned. — A. H.
Hamshar.

Dec. 2, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOURNAL.

587

CoTTeapondents desiring an antwer in the next
is$ue should send questions to reach this office
NOT LATER than the FIRST POST on MONDAY
MORNINO. Only SPECIALLY URGENT ques-
tions will be replied to by post if a STAMPED
addressed envelope is enclosed. All questions must
be accompanied by the sender's name and address,
not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee
of good faith. Thert it no fee for answering
questions.

S. F. Bower (Bncke).— Making soft candy.— The
recipe we use is as follows : — Use a bra~6 or
enamelled iron pan, put in one pint of water,
allow to boil, then stir in 6 lbs. of loaf or best
white crystallised cane sugar, set the pan beside
the fire (not on it), and stir occasionally until
the sugar is all diss-olved. Then add one-half
teaspoonful of cream of tartar, and place the pan
on a brisk, fire; stir without stopping until the
masa begins to boil. Allow to boil for half a
minute or so, then withdraw from the fire, and
with a spoon 3irop a small quantity on a cold
plate. If the sugar does not sticTi to the finger
when pressed into it and withdrawn it ie boiled
enough. If sticky it must be "boiled another
minute, and again tested. If you have a sugar
boiler's thermometer boil until the temperature
reaches 235 deg. Fahr. When boiled sufficiently,
allow it to stand without stirring until the finger
may be kept in it without scalding, then stir
briskly until the mixture stiffens aM turns
white. Before it is too etiff to run freely, pour
into suitable moulds or boxes. Any medicine
should be added while stirring.

IR. Steven (Ayrshire).— Do bees draw out founda-
fion?— Our own opinion is that they do, but
some prominent bee-keepers hold that bees
utilise the foundation, as a foundation only, and
build on it.

"W. H. HuLTON (LeeAe).— Cheshire's diagrams.—
These were drawn on an enlarged scale from the
illustrations in Cheshire's " Bees and Bee-keep-
ing," and have been out of r>rint for some years.
We do not know of any others. Lantern slides
may be hired from the British Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation. For particulars apply to the Secretary.

Honey Sample.
Miss E. R. (Essex).— The honey is a good sample,
and though there is a slightly peculiar flavour,
to us it is not unpleasant. So far as quality goes
it is suitable for bee food, but as there is a
suspicion of disease where it was produced, it
must be boiled before using for that purpose.
The thick ihone.y containing much pollen will be
suitable for spring feeding if diluted with water.

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Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trad« odverHsements of Beet, Honey, Queent,
and Bee goods are not uermissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at lid. per toord as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under tbe
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manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 3s. per itn., or 6s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Sees, ZTuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
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PRIVAT£ ADVEBTISEiMIlNTS.

DRAWN-OUT WIRED COMBS, healthy, with
metal ends, 2 dozen standard, 2l9. per dozen,
and 5 dozen shallow, 18s. per dozen; 50 new
Standard Frames, wedged top bar, made up, wired
and fitted with W.B.C. ends, for 2l6.; quantity of
other apparatus. Particulars on request.— F'.
HOOD, Horton, Slough. k.99

FOR SALE, cheap, five good hives Beee, chain-
geared Extractor, etc., £15; to be removed by
purchaser.— G. SARGAN, Ravenfield, Rotherham,
Yorks. k.lOO

TRISH HONEY, 14 lb. 286., 28 lb. 53s., 56 lb.
-1- 1069.; also Section Honey, 30s. and 33s. dozen.
— S. CRAWFORD, Apiaries, Castlederg, Co.
Tyrone. fc.ioi

WANTED, Second-hand Hives, W.B.C, Taylor's
or "Overton's. State price.— Box 109, B.B.J.
Office, 23, Bedford Street, W.C.2. k.l02

OBSERVATORY HIVE wanted, second-hand, to
hold three frames and sections; modem
pattern; revolving and feeder.— " Y.," " Monken
Hadley," Braintree. k.lOi

PRIME HAMPSHIRE HONEY, in 28-lb. tins,
50s. per tin, free on rail, carriage forward.—
TRUEMAN, Harroway Road, Andover. k.l04
J

SAINFOIN HONEY.— We have J ton of this
fine Honey, put up in nominal 14-lb. tins,
which were sent us by a honey buyer who failed
to pay for his order. These packages average
14^ lbs. gross weight, and we offer tihem at 33s.
each, carriage paid.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. k.l05
. — J

PRIZES!— To encourage the others. Prizes! If
you are a D.B. and have followed the methods
outlined in "Intensive Bee-keeping" and in "Let
the Bees Tell You," you may have obtained
100 lbs. or more of honey in 1920, in spite of the
poor season. Let us hear from you before Decem-
ber 16.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cam-
bridge. k.l06

WANTED, Handy Man who understands bees,
lion^es, and can do rough joinering. State
wages expected.— YOUNG, 42, Jamee Street, Cam-
bridge. kJ07

THE BBmsH BEE JOtJBNAL.

Dec. 2, 1920.

PUEE LIGHT CAMBRIDGE HONEY (guaran-
teed), 14-lb. tins, 30s. J 28-lb. tins, 57s. 6d., car-
riage paid.— YOUNG, 42, James Street, Cambridge.

r.k.84

GOOD ENGLISH HONEY, granulated, 28-lb.
cans, 2s. per lb., carriage paid; sample 6d.—
PEARSON & GALE. Marlborough.

— , — . — __(

NOW BOOKING ORDERS, delivery January,
February, March, £2 sittings of Eggs and
Day-old Chicks (Barron's), White Leghorns, Brown
Leghorns; White and Fawn and White Runner
Ducks, White Wyandottes, eittinga Ifls. 6d. to
35s. a dozen. Chicks double.— MRS. M. ANDER-
SON, Poultry Dept., Hermitage Poultry Farm,
High Hujstwood, Suseex. Manager : Misa M. D.
SiUar. . k.93

NO BEE GARDEN complete without Willow
Herb, 12, 2s. frd.— BOWEN, Apiaries, Chelten-
ham. k.85

BROTHER BEE-KEEPERS with spare time
wishing to commence in the Retail Fish
Bu6inee6 write J. W. ELVIDGE, Wholesale Fish
Merchant, Grimsby. r.h.239

CORRESPONDENCE Coorees in Bee-keeping.—
H. E. NEWTON, Hobart Road, New Milton.
Hants. r.k.69

HIVES.— A limited number of strong, sound and
interchangeable, free from " I.O.W.," two
lifts, brood chamber, 10 frames, metal ends, wired
and new wax in each, roofs lined with zinc or iron,
price 35s.. free on rail; cash with order.— FOSTJER
& CO., Heath Side, HiUingdon Heath. Middlesex.

r.k.78

BACK NUMBERS B.B.J.. 1903-191S, aleo Illus-
trated Dutch Bee Journals, to clear.—
ARCHER, 64, Kingston Road. Oxford. r.k.70

LIFE INSURANCE IS A SOUND INVESI-
MENT.— Will fellow members of the craft
write for prospectus to H. iM. LOWE. Park Road,
Chilwell. Representative for " Royal," " Scottish
Temperance," etc.? k.66

BUSXJTESS ADVSSTISIiinXJBirTS.
lid. per word.

TMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS FOR I921.-List
-1- on application.— PEARSON & GALE. Marl-
borough. r.k.88

HONEY FOR FEEDING BEES.-Finest West
Indian. Case of one tin, 56 lbs. net., 6l6. 6d.;
case of four tins, each 7 lb. net, 35s. 9d.; carriage
paid 100 miles.— LONDON TRADING AGENCY,
32, St. Mary Axe, E.C.3. Tel. : Avenue 3883. k.l08

NO SUGAR VOUCHERS NEEDED.— Flavine
Candy, made in Cambridge. 6 lbs.. 10s. 6d.,
■post paid. Plain White Sugar Bee Candy, 6 lbs.,
9s. 6d., post paid.^S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Cause-
way, Cambridge. t.96

BEES AND QUEENS FOR I921.-Send for our
_ new Illustrated Catalogue, free on appli-
cation.— PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough, r.k.89

WANTED, best quality English Honey. Please
state prices.— HILES, " The Homestead,"
Kidderminster. r.k.92

T?NSURE A GOOD HONEY CROP next year by
J-i purchasing one of our noted 6-frame Italian
■"^S^^-^ Ji^"^*^^*«d Catalogue free on application.
-PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. r.k.90

FIRST PRIZE CANDY, 6 lbs. Ifle. 6d.-B0WBN
Apiaries, Cbelbeniuun. ](.74

MASHEATH MEMS.—" Been painting the Mas-
heath. Man. it's a grand bee-box F The
longer I look at it the more convinced I am that
it is absolutely ' it.' It ought to sell like hot
cakes. A man with any pride in his apiary has
only to see it to purchase.- A. L."— ATKINSON.
Fakenham. r.k.97

IMPORTANT 1— In spite of th^ increased cost of
sugar, appliances and carriage, we are offer-
ing our celebrated 6-frame Stocks at reduced prices.
Catalogues free on application.— PEARSON &
GALE. Marlborough. r.k.91

A WELL-ESTABLISHED FIRM wishes to hear
of bee-keepers who would guarantee to supply
them with Nuclei May-June next.— Box 107. B.B.J
Office. 23. Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. r.j.42

WIGHT" DISEASE.— Prevention and removal.
Advice 68.— ALP. RYALL. Cottage Farm.

near Camp. Stroud. r.j.5

E PREPARED FOR 1921 HONEY SEASON.—
Hives, Brood Boxes, etc.. made to your
requirements. Our 12-frame W.B.C. Hive is for
honey production; no nails used; is substantial;
all work ecrew^'^.— Quotations from H. GILLAM,
56, Sackville Ri/d,d, Bexhill. r.k.64

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Otfces : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House. Benson, Oxon.

SURPLUS HIVES and Appliances for Sale, good
condition, cheap.— PEARSON & GALE. Marl-
borough. r.h.l31

Finest Grade New Zealand Honey

(Amber^

For Bee Feeding. (juaranteed Pure,

Cases, each 2-60 lb. nominal Tins.
95/- per cwt. Carriage paid.
Cash with order or on receipt of goods. -

N.B. We are already supplying Beekeepers'

Associations throughout tihe Country and

shall be pleased to quote references.

The Bristol and Dominions Producers'
Association, Ltd., Bristol.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper,
Gel a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send (or full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HO«SE, Breams BuUdings, LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. HEBBOD-HEMPSAI.I., 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, Irf>udon, W.C.8.

Bee. % 1920. THE BRITISH BEE JOtJBNAL.

" American Bee Journal '' specification Tested three banded Italians.

DIRECT from ITALY.

^^ IP < May & June July & Aug. Sept.

^%/aE>At^^ 13/- 12/- 10/- each.

Sole Agent : H. M. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue, PAISLEY, Scotland

1920 — QUEENLAND LIST — 1921

In reply to many requests coming in for our Premier White Star Queens for the Season 192 1, we

beg to state that early delivery may not be offered, as a certain number of orders have been

carried over (by request) from previous season for first 1921 delivery, in consequence of the

unfavourable vreather for queen-mating.

Our Premier White Star Nucleus Stocks

will be offered as usual, and at former price ; but the charges for Queens have been revised, and
include the offer of well-bred and selected Virgin Queens of this renowned strain.

Full Queenland Descriptive Circular 4d., The Revised List only (to those having 1920 List, 2d.,

post free,

Of S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

For Christmas Gifts* You can get the books of the best authorities in this and other
countries, and also the leading American and foreign bee-journals, from

E. J. BURTT, STROUD ROAD, GLOUCESTER.

For the convenience of beekeepers I am printing a special list of these. Send a postcard for it.

(t ^^^ Jt ^^IT^ ^^ ^^fc ^^\ W " "^M "^""^^ ^°'* *"*^ preventive of»

■ * « m ■ •• jg(g jjf Wigj^f Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from staia
or unpleaseuit odour.

rUK DhiiliO BACTEROL LIMITED

2/9 per Bottle. Post Free. 19/25. Brookside Rd.. Highgate, N.19.

RACTEROI

^^ A "V T T^ *^7^ Made in our own factory by bee-keepers for bee-keepers.

■ ^ /\ r\ ■• jf 6 lbs. post free 9,6

^"^~ *^ ^ ^ ^^ ^" Guaranteed from Pure White Refined Cane Sugar.

Miss Chester-Master's Patent Candy Box, 4/6 each. Postage extra gd.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLELY, RENT.

INSURC: YOUR STOCKS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "Yadil" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue, W.C.I.

iv THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Dec. 2, 1920.

FOUR FIRST FRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR PRIZES
at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at Aberdeen, thus
testifying to the superiority of our goods. Order now at catalogue
prices and save money.

SOFT BEE CANDY.

Have you tried our Famous Bee Candy ? If not, you should send
for a trial order now. It is made from PURE WHITE CANE
SUGAR and is PERFECTION.

PRICES—

1 lb. at 1/5, postage 9d., 6 lbs. at 9/6 post free,

10 lbs. at 15/6 post free.

Can be had medicated or not, as required.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appliance Maker s,
WORMIT, FIFE.

Telegrams :— " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormlt.

Iggggggggggmmgggggggggggggggggggggigggigi

BE^E^ OANDY.

WE are now able to supply CANDY OF OUR
OWN MAKE from guaranteed Pure White
Refined Cane Sugar. In 1-lb. boxes with glass tops.
It can be had plain or medicated with either " Yadil "
or "Bacterol."

REDUCED PRICES:
lib. - 1/5 per lb.
61b. - 9/6, post free.
lOIb. - 15/6, post free.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex.

i^y^y^gggggggy^yyygyyyyyyyyggggggyyyyy

Printed bv the Avenue Press (L. Upcoit Gill & Son, Lid.), 65-57, Drurv Lane, London, W.C. and

Published fob the Proprietor (W. Herrod-Hempsall), by Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton,

Kent <fe Co., Ltd., 31 & 32, Paternoster Row, E.C.

1.1T

BsitiSH Bn JODBNAL iHD Bh-krpiu' Aotisu, December 9, 1920.

No. 2007. Vol. XLVIII

DECEMBER 9, 1920.

[Published wery Thur$dav, Price 2d.

coitrviEnrrs,

PAGE

Review 589

A Dorset Yarn 589

Jottings prom Hdntingdonshire 590

Bee Notes from Derbyshire 591

Notes from Gretna Green 592

Jottings 595

A Few Moke Notes 593

Mv German Bee Journal 594

A Visit to the Home op the " Wild White "

Clovee 594

PAQB

Worcestershire Bee-keepers' Association .... 596

North Devon Bee-keepers' Association 596

Correspondence —

Tarsonemus Woodi 597

Disease or What? 697

Answers to Few Notes, November 11 — 597

Native v. Foreign Bees 598

The B.B.J, and its Contents 598

Queries and Eepues —

Book Wanted 599

OWING to the FALL in the COST OF SUGAR
WE ARE IN A POSITION TO SUPPLY

PINK (MEDICATED OR PLAIN)

SOFT
OANDY

Made from Guaranteed Pure Cane Sugar.

NO VOUCHERS REQUIRED.

1/5 per lb. (71b. parcel post free, 11/-)
(101b. do, do. 15/6)

E. H. TAYLOR, LTD., WELWYN, HERTS.

u

THE BB7TISH BEE ' JOURNAL.

Deo. 9. 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Office : 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, ■W.C.2.
Established 1873.

Weekly Journal Devoted to
Interests of Bee-keepers.

the

Edited by T. W. COWAIT, F.Ii.S., &c.,
and J. HEBROD-HEiBXPSAZ.!., F.E.S.

Coprespondenee : Whom tolAddress.—
All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Showi, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, British Bee Journal,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Subscriptions. — Annual Subscription,
lOs. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Order* should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money.— Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commisBion
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested iii the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in uie paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM*

You are advised to insist on this being used
when dealing with strangers.

fillies and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Goods should not be despatclied until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
tliis office.

1. Method.— "When etrangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2J
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order ae pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and cro«>sed " London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.

We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit. "^

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
ue when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed casih will be remitted ae per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
risk, t.e., any. damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are $ent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Postage
A Modern Bee Parm .. 7/6 .. 8id.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Beginner's Bee Book (Peilbtt) 5/- . . 4d.
BBE-KBEPIITG SIMFI.XFXED

FOR THB COTTAGER A2XI>

SMAI.I.HOIiI>ER (W. Hebbod-

Hempsall, P.E.S.) 1/- .. 2d.

BRITISH BEE - KEEPERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers 2/6 .. 3d.

Cloth covers 3/6 .. 4d.

Dlssectible Model of Queen Bee 4/6 . . 3d.
FERTII.ISATION OF FRUIT

BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) .. .. -/3 .. Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) .. -/6 .. Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. G. Bancks) -/2 .. Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

(Comstock) 5/- .. 4id.

Prevention of Swarming

(Wilkes) 1/- .. 14d.

Pollination of Fruit in relation

to Commercial Fruit Growing

(C. H. Hoopee, F.R.H.S.) .. .. ./6 .. Id.
PROBUCING, PREPABIITG,

EXHIBITIITG AKD JUDG-

IKG BEE PRODUCE (W.

iHereod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) .. ..2/- .. 3d.
Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladbn) 1/6 .. 2d.

Scientific Queen Rearing

(Doolittle) 4/- .. 34d.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6. .. Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book . . 2/6 . . 2d.
WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) . . 2/- . . 2^d.

MISCBI.I.AirEOUS.
The Lore of the Honey Bee

(Ticknee Edwaedes) 2/- .. 3d.

life of the Bee (Maeterlinck) .. 5/- .. 4d.
THE BEE WORIiD (supplied

only to members of Aeeoclations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the latter), per copy -/8 .. IJd.

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(TiCKNEB Edwaedes) 7/6 .. 44d.

BritisH Bpp Journal & Recor»l Offic«,

23, BEDFORD STREET. STRAND, W.C.2.

Dec. 9, 1920.

THE BBmSH BEE JOUfiNAL.

Review.

Some Bee Diseases, by Joseph Tinsley.
Bulletin 96 of the West of Scotland Agri-
cultural College. A brochure of eight
pages devoted to the brood diseases of
bees. Mr. Tinsley has made a study of
this subject, and in the booklet gives
some very good advice on the treatment
of affected stocks. It is printed on good
paper, and some excellent illustrations
from photographs are given.

A Dorset Yarn,

I ventured last week to write of lines
of gooseberries for marketing fruits and
food for bees when in blossom, but did
not state that the time to plant was
October to March, but cuttings should all
be in by the end of the year. If inserted
in the soil in November nearly every one
will root and develop. We have some
where the lower buds were removed at
the time of insertion, only three or four
buds left on the top ; these make plants
from beneath which it is easy to clean
out weeds. Any small piece will grow,
and without taking out the base buds
beneath the soil ; these soon grow into
huge trees, by sending up strong growths
from the base, which will give off plenty
of flowers for the bees, with plenty of
green fruit for early sale.

It is the same with black currants.
Any small pieces will grow into fine fruit-
ing bushes in two or three yeai-s ; the
latter gives off some of the finest berries,
which always find a ready sale and realise
good prices. One small plot of an acre of
Baldwyn's Black Champion gave eleven
dozen the first year of picking, thirty
dozen the next year, and each year since
sixty to ninety dozen have been gathered.

Then look at the flowers for the bees;
even though they do not work these so
asiduouisly as the gooseberries, they are
with them the whole time they are in
bloom. Korner says it is " principally the
hive bee," but we have the big bumble
bee, Bombus Tcrrestris, on them even
up till late in evening, when our bees
have gone to their hive'^ homes till
another morning sun warms the atmo-
sphere again ; this fruit has been more
sought after than in years gone by. The
big Boscoop Giant berry, with its thin
skin, makes such delightful preserve,
where rnany^ of the old varieties, if off
old trees, yield such small berries, with

tough skins, and make inferior jam com-
pared with the other variety. About 100
cuttings were sent me in 1912 ; these have
extended to four-fifths of a seven-acre
field, by taking off the pieces that had
fruited, and extending line after line;
these bushes fruit on the young wood.
By taking out the piece that has already
fruited, it gives these strong vigorous
growths plenty of room to develop the
next season and keep the tree dwarf and
vigorous. Plenty have been sent to other
beekeepers who came back from the war,
it would be interesting to the readers if
some of them would give the B.B.J, an
epitome of their success.

As I have said before, the small plot
of land that has the bees gives by far the
greatest share in the profits of the land,
because bees work without wages. The
bee-keeper who does not give them plenty
of room to extend their stores in the
honey flow is not wise to his own in-
terests. The flowers of black currants
are not showy flowers to attract bees, so
it must be the honey scent of the blossoms
that lures the bees to them. Kerner says
" the honey is on the floor of the calyx,"
yet some varieties have flowers which
look very graceful ; the racemes are all
pendulous and look like coloured
lilies of the valley that are built the
wrong way ; most growers can name any
variety by its blossom, es they all vary
somewhat when in flower. Kerner states
" that both stigma and anthers are alike
ripe at the opening of the flowers " (the
naturalist will know that this is very dif-
ferent with other fruits, where the male
organ is perfect before the female part
has perfectly developed), so every bee
that enters a flower to get the honey
assists in the perfect fertilisation of each
individual blossom, and so ensures per-
fect berries and seeds. Imagine lines 200
yards long with millions of flowers and
millions of bees. These flowers would fer-
tilise themselves without the bees, but
see the amount of honey that would be
wasted if not harvested at the right
time. The old Book states " the
labourers are few;" it is so in the floral
kingdom, so few bees to gather the har-
vests of honey. Wasted are these de-
lightful sweets that enrich our land, and
which would enrich the tiller of the soil
did he extend the easily grown small
fruits in our own beloved land.

I enclose a letter of this week, which is
a sample of many sent me since my
address has been in the Journal from
the Salisbury meeting. Were it not for
such as this I should long have finished
writing of bees, but as long as I can
boom bees and bee-keeping by my small
contributions to the B.B.J., and they are
appreciated, I will send cm some, even if

590

THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Dec. 9, 1920.

not regularly each, week; but you can
always hold mine over for others of more
importance.

There is no one who regrets more than
myself that the contributions of Mac-
donald are so seldom seen now in the
JotntNAi,. His teachings are clear and
to the point; he gives one the impression
that he is a teacher of mathematics. In
the old days of music, the musician with
four letters after his name could not
teach music as could the schoolmaster ; he
coUld teach how to get at- the different
intervals correctly. Those who have read
the talented Scotsman, as I have, must
realise that he is a fine teacher. The
Westmorland writer enters the arena so
seldom now ; am sure you would not
crowd them out did they send ; the more
writers the greater interest to the
readers of the Journal. I have nothing
to gain by writing. I sell no bees ; I sell
no hives, or appliance of any description ;
have never been paid for any yarns sent.

It is because in every village there are
tons of honey that are never harvested ;
experience proves that nothing gives so
great return on the farm as bees; they
get their own food. It is not so of pigs
or poultry; the cost for food is so great,
though it has dropped 5s. this last week.
The return of poultry, after one has used
what eggs are required in the house, is
very small; while with bees, and boxes of
thirty-six sections at 2s. 6d. each brings
in such a lot more than do huge loads of
cabbage and other vegetables, or even a
whole van load of gooseberries. Bees are
the best on the farm for profit, as the
outlay is so small. This is why I boom
bees as much as possible, that others may
buy up their holdings, that they sliould
have the great pleasure to be got out of
rural life, as we have at the Violet Farm.
— J. J. Kettle.

[The letter referred to by Mr. Kettle,
like numbers that we receive, expresses
the writer's pleasure and thanks for the
useful information given. — Eds.]

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

It was a great pleasure to read the
account of your correspondent, E. Brand-
ford Griffith (10338), regarding the in-
telligent way her bees let her know of
distress in the hives. It goes to prove
how the little insects do try to draw our
attention when they need our help, and
yet many people smirk at the idea. When
I related a similar experience some
months ago a few sceptics took upon
themselves to write sarcastic letters to
me ; in fact, if I remember rightly, it was

this article of mine which brought the
very irreverent sneer, " 'Tis time you
burst your shell of skin and hatched your-
self a Cherubim."

Last summer I was demonstrating at an
apiary a few miles from here, and as I
was addressing the company on bee-keep-
ing generally, well away from the hives,
one or two bees came and buzzed about
me in a friendly way, yet sounding the
obvious note of distress, and were in-
sistent. On one lady remarking, " Won't
they sting you? " I replied that I did not
fear, as I was sure there was something
amiss in the hives which was causing dis-
trees. This remark brought forth a titter
and a scoff frqm a man who kept bees, so
he said, before I was born. However, as
in course of time we got among the hives,
the third hive opened revealed a queenless
stock, loads of drones, wax moths, and
a couple of mice. When we know.bees as
we ought to know them, we shall at once
recognise the S.O.S. signals of these in-
telligent insects.

Let me now refer to Mr. Ellis. I am
one who reads Mr. Ellis' articles with
much interest. He has often given very
wise hints as to the managing of bees,
and I am grateful to him. Withal, I
nevertheless feel that I am meant to come
under his lash when he castigates with
" far too much valuable space is given to
matters entirely alien to the craft." His
use of the word " alien " is unfortunate,
as it suggests something opposed to or
foreign to the craft, and it is safe to say
nothing of that nature has ever found its
way into The British Bee Journal. I
hold no brief for Mr. Kettle, Mr. Har-
wood and others, but I have no hesitation
in saying that, like myself, they are en-
couraged by many, many appreciative
letters from all parts of the United King-
dom. Mr. Ellis would perhaps be sur-
prised if he knew the number of British
Bee Journal readers who have written
asking me to always add a few Nature
notes to my jottings, and still more sur-
prised when I tell him quite half of these
requests come from Scotland. I hate
saying anything that may savour of con-
ceit, but I must say that it was a Scottish
schoolmistress who, about a year ago,
asked if I was a regular contributor to
The British Bee Journal; if so, she
would take the Journal regularly. She
had just seen a copy in the house of a
friend. A gentleman in Wiltshire has
just written me in the same strain. Some
of the letters one has are pathetic. From
Croydon way a cripple writes to say he
is confined to one room most of his aays,
which room looks out across a railway line
on to the back of a row of houses, and the
only bit of country he sees is a few vir-

Dec. 9, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

691

ginia creepers and an old clump of
Michaelmas daisies, with an odd coltsfoot
which struggles to live on the railway
bank. He loves bees and the country,
and The British Bee Journal is one of
his joys ; he almost smells the violets when
he reads the Dorset Yarn, and does hope
I shall go on bringing the countryside — to
use his own words — " to my windowsill."

Occasionally when, for unavoidable rea-
sons, I have been unable to send up any
Jottings, scores have written to scold me
for depriving them of pleasure, or have
solicitously inquired if my silence meant
ill-health. Editors, too, of periodicals
have written to encourage me, and if any
reader has thought I have demanded too
much space in the Journal I can assure
him that if I thought only of myself
" Jottings from Huntingdonshire " would
be frequently conspicuous by their
absence. A discharged soldier, who had
been badly wounded, wrote me in the
summer to ask if I could give him ad-
vice, as he wished to get a living from
fruit farming and bee-keeping. I referred
him to Mr. Kettle, and no doubt he wrote
to the owner of the violet farm and many
others, too, and, without doubt, Mr.
Kettle's delightful, instructive and inte-
resting yarns are often inspired by in-
quiries from British Bee Journal
readers — and that's that.

It is blowing a gale to-day, and any
tenacious leaves clinging to elm and beech
have been stripped, leaving branches and
twigs bold and bare, yet -still beautiful.
The bees, wisely, are staying indoors, for
the first time since October 9. Even a
fortnight ago, when Jack Frost dug in his
teeth o' nights 10 degrees deep, the days
were so sunny and warm that the bees
came out to frqlic and play, sagaciously
returning before getting chilled. Soon
will be out the Christmas roses, winter
aconite, snowdrops, crocuses, and thus, by
the time the true winter season com-
mences, we see harbingers of spring. —
E. F. Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

Bee Notes from Derbyshire.

(ConMnued from page 583.)
There were some very cold nights in
the first fortnight of June, the ther-
mometer registering as low as 44 deg.
at 7 a.m. for five mornings in succession.
I was afraid I was going to get some
chilled brood in my nuclei, but I never
noticed any, though it was very foggy
and frosty, taking all potatoes off in the
valley. We got five good honey days
from 14th to 19th, then it was a regular
wet day on 20th, ending up with one of
the most brilliant sunsets I ever saw on
these hills. I thought then it was no

forerunner of any settled weather. We
got a few more days in . June, when bees
did little work, but no more honey went
into the supers. There were four sunny
days and nine part sunny days in June.
It was a good month for bees growing
into good stocks; they just kept the brood
nest going. Clover fields were a sight
for bloom, but all in vain for bees.
July came in a Tartar — wind, rain and
cold, thermometer at 48 deg. at 10 a.m.
on the 5th, and for five days the sun
never shone for a minute. It came out
an hour or two in the afternoon on the
6th, and caused my hive among the
heather to swarm. I went up next day
with another nucleus lot and found the
swarm in a bush, been out all night in
the rain. Keturned swarm to the hive,
and brought queen away a la Manley,
left a virgin in, and destroyed all queen
cells. On 14th I went again and cut ten
more cells out. I said: "Now you will
swarm no more. I've got you set now."
But had I? No, on the 15th I went up
again, and if they weren't hung out in
the same bush, on the same twig. Had
been there at least three days, and, what
was more, they had raised five more queen
cells. One young queen, no better than
a worker bee, was running about.
Another popped out of the cell while I
was looking at it, two more cells I pulled
out. One looked like a natural cell. The
queen from this was like a full queen,
and it has turned out a good mother. I
wish I had left it to take care of the
hive, but, thinking the young qnoen had
gone out to mate when they swarmed, I
tried it again. Well, it was in five weeks,
did not mate, so killed it, and joined
them xip to another lot on August 11 be-
tween 3 and 4 in afternoon. It came on
dark while I was doing it for half an
hour. I could hardly see a bee; combs
oF two hives all opened out, could not see
to put them together. I thought I'm
all right if it suddenly comes on to rain,
but, for one good thing, the bees kept
quiet. I believe they thought night had
come. Well, they joined up without
killing a bee — a ticklish job, where there
were 18 combs crowded with bees. I
thought, " I'll crowd you on to 11 combs
and put on sections: you'll about fill
two racks with heather honey." But
honey did not come into the heather till
the 23rd. I think thev had lost heart
by then, for although the queen was only
five weeks old, they built queen cells for
swarming rather than fill the sections;
s.> I took them off, a sadder and a wiser
man. Being five weeks withotit a lay-
ing queen ruined that hive for getting
heather honey. They filled brood combs,
that was all. Had the young ciueen got
mated when she was a week old, things

592

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 9, 1920.

might have been different. Did those
bees realise she was no good, made them
persist in rearing young queens as they
did? I think they must have had some
idea of it.

Limes opened out their first buds on-
July 15, and were in bloom for a month,
but I only saw bees work on them a
little on two days. I said they would
be over before the clover, but both these
and all other flowers kept in bloom a
long time. It was dull and wet, windy
and cold, day in and day out, ending
up with a frosty morning on the 31st, a
good clear day and a thunderstorm at
night, with a beautiful rainbow — a sign
of better weather. There have been a
lot of rainbows. I saw three one day —
morning, noon and night. There were
only two sunny days, and only seven
days the bees worked in the whole month.
No wonder there is no clover honey about
here. Not half the hay was cut, either,
and I know some lay out five weeks. The
highest the thermometer registered was
68 deg. at 8 p.m. on the 3lst. It was
round about 50 nearly the whole month.
{To he continued.)

Notes from Gretna Green.

Eeferring to the Editorial Notes in
to-day's issue (December 2), the ab-
sence of contributions from Soot-
land and Ireland is conclusive proof that
there is something seriously wrong.

Candid comments. — I wish to say that
my criticisms are not inspired by ill-feel-
ing towards any British Bee Journal
contributor, and no one need take offence
from any remarks of mine. Its title page
proclaims the British Bee Journal to be
a journal devoted to the interests of bee-
keepers, and not to farming, horticul-
ture, or market gardening.

There are numerous and bulky weekly
publications on these subjects, but there
is only one ; British Bee Journal, and
why should its few pages be invaded by
matter that is fully treated elsewhere?
I admit at once that fruit and flowers
are intimately connected with apicul-
ture, and, within reasonable limits, ad-
missible in these columns.

Mr. Kettle's article on fruit culture
and tilling the soil (page 566) is excel-
lent, and thoroughly practical, but what
is his definition of a "weed"?

I take it to be a plant in the wrong
place, and even Mr. Kettle's choicest
violets would be merely weeds in a wheat
field.

And contributions on tillins: the soil
are as much out of place in the British
Bee Journal as one of those £60 bullocks
would be running amok in Mr. Kettle's

apiary. I know that Mr. Kettle is a
good beeman, and we all want to hear
more of his bee-keeping experiences, but
only a few can appreciate those hints on
soil tillage.

I note that the next-door contributor,
Mr. Hemming, has a rod in pickle for
me, so I'll get my blow in first.

Why, why, will the rev. gentleman
punctuate his writings with quotations
from " Garge," "William," and other
local worthies?

Thinkest thou beekeepers resemble
chickens and must have their " forage"
mixed with " chaff " to ensure due ex-
ercise in extracting the useful grain?
iSeriously, though, if all correspondents
confined their remarks to essential mat-
ters, there would be ample room for the
increased number of contributors. The
letter from Mr. Thomas (page 558) is a
model one, so' clear and lucid, yet devoid
of any superfluous matter. Contribu-
tions from the commercial type of bee-
keeper are more in evidence than for-
merly, and this class of writers should
be encouraged in every way.

It will surely be conceded that the
professionals are best qualified to advise
on honey production and kindred matters.
And it must also be admitted that these
practical men have in their own way
mastered "I.O.W.," while theoretical
scientists, after years of research, have
done no more than determine one cause
of the disease.

J. M. Elms.

Gretna, December 2.

[We do not suppose anyone has taken
offence at Mr. Ellis, but if he criticises
either other contributors or ourselves he
must expect, and probably does, to be hit
back. He appears to make a mistake com-
mon to many readers — namely, that the
British Bee Journal, or, it may be, any
other paper, should be run on lines to suit
their own particular views, but it cannot
be done. Every paper one reads contains
something that might very well be taken
exception to, as not being in exact accord-
ance with the object for which tbe paper
is supposed to be published. We take
daily papers to get the latest news, and
find a column, more or less, devoted to a
love story — for that is what most serials
are — which we never read. There are
papers devoted to that class of literature
available. As we pointed out last week,
and Mr. Hemminsc emphasises in this
week's " Jottings," the cultivation of
flowers is not alien to beekeeping, for a
judicious selection of flowers, especially
in the early spring, will help the bees
considerably, and if both flowers for the
bees and fruit for the beekeeper can be
secured so much the better. We have not
" wasted " any space on farming, or yet

Dec. 9, 1920.

THE BBmSH BEE JOUBNAL.

693

on market gardening as such only. There
have been very little cultural direction for
growing cabbages and turnips. On the
other hand, the papers that do deal with
these things, give very little information
on the cultivation of flowers specially for
bees, though many do devote a column
to beekeeping — perhaps some of their
readers may write to the editors and sug-
gest that too much space is "wasted"
on bees, a subject entirely alien to gar-
dening.

Bee-keeping is a serious business, but
that is no reason why a little humour
should not be introduced at times. Most
of us have had or seen humorous inci-
dents, and their relation is provocative
of good humour, and we welcome an anec-
dote at times in the dialect of " Garge."
" William," or any other worthy in whose
quaint sayings there is most likely much
hidden wisdom, which it will not harm
the reader to " scratch " for. Heaven
forbid that we settle down tO' a deadly,
dull monotony of serious and scientific
matter only.

We are waiting to hear how the prac-
tical beekeepers have mastered " I.O.W."
disease. We shall then be in a position
to judge how much, or how little, they
owe to the theoretical scientists. We
have grave doubts whether anyone has yet
discovered a reliable remedy that would
answer in the hands of beekeepers
generally. — Eds.] -

Jottings.

A Useful Capture. — ^Working at a privet
hedge the other day, I was suddenly in the
midst of attacking wasps, and had to re-
treat, luckily without a sting on the flesh,
and I prefer half-a-dozen bee-stings to one
from a wasp. I returned to the attack,
and by the -aid of some cyanide, always
kept handy, quickly laid them low. I
plugged them up with a saturated rag,
and dug them out the next day. After
exploring two mouse galleries I was just
giving it up as a bad job when I found a
third which proved successful ; the fumes
had settled all the fliers, but had not quite
reached the rest, and I was kept busy
pinching and beating 45 qtieens ; I allowed
three to escape. The wasps have had a
good set back this year, and Nature has
endeavoured to put this right with a most
remarkable autumn. We must all pay
them special attention next spring.

Do Bees Compete? — ^Pour colonies close
up to assist the wintering as they are
small, have been behaving more like April
times, out of the hives at a most furious
rate, and carrying exceedingly large loads
up to the end of October. Curiously three

other colonies, a few yards away have -
been more staid and autumn-leisure like.
Although busy, hardly a sound was notice-
able, while with the others, early and late,
there was one continual hum, and they
have advanced from doubtful winter
numbers to medium stocks, and with ordi-
nary luck should come out worth the extra
care and nursing.

After a few days partial confinement the
bees are up and doing. They are clearing
out the pollen, dust and accumulations of
rubbish, and already are anxious to make
a new start ; lately there seems hardly any
winter rest for man or bee. Watch the
stores! — A. H. Hamshae.

A Few More Notes.

" British Bee Journal," November IS,
Editorial. — Yes, Mr. Pearman is right
enough, but it seems to me to go much
further than that. Wherever a disease is
caused by any parasite which is com-
municable from one bee to another
hereditarily, as may be the case here, is
it not a fact that the drones are a dan-
gerous medium for the spread of the
disease?

Page 555. — Does Mr. Hemming mean
that he was looking through his bees to
see if the queens were all safe anywhere
near November 11? I suppose it must
have been some time before. If not — — !

Patje 657. — If people in such districts
as that do give their addresses they
should engage a private secretary first as
a precaution.

Page 558. — Mr. Jones' last paragraph
is one of the most valuable I have seen
for some time. A queen breeder should
be a honey producer, too, and if he does
not run for honey in his queen-rearing
apiary, all his queens for use as mothers
should come from out apiaries run for
honey, - and should be the queens
of the best honey producing stocks.
I've seen enormously prolific queens
whose bees do not get honey at
all beyond just sufficient for their immc
diate needs. Bright golden are often
bad offenders in this way. But please
understand I am not condemning golden
bees as a class. I have not had enough
experience of them.

1920 Notes. — It would be interesting to
hear why straw in Cambridgeshire is more
expensive than hay. Whichever is cheaper,
it must be a nice little job to clean up
after packing or unpacking. Why not
chop it up into chaff, and use it in a
trayP

I see my friend Mr. Ling has been
having a good time again. He must have
a fine district and fine bees, and also he

594

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 9, 1920.

miust " know how." I bought in Reading
the other day some " honey " at lO^d.,
just to see what could be got for the
money. It was quite eatable, qr so they
said here. I can't eat honey myself, so
I'm not a judge. I should say there were
other things in it besides honey. It said
pure honey outside

(10555).— In Mr. E. E. Root's little
book " Diseases of Bees," you see de-
scribed much the same thing. Mr. Koot
puts the weakness which this disease ex-
hibits in the United States down to the
dryness of climate. Also to the strength
as disease resisters of the dark, or
leather-coloured Italian. He may be

right, or . But, any way, please note

the italics. — R. B. Manlet.

My German Bee Journal.

By G. G. Desmond.

The leading article apostrophises the
heather for joining all the other flowers
■ in this sixmmer's strike against the un-
happy bee-father. In East Prussia and in
the free state of Dantzig, Erica has some-
what unbent and yielded a middling har-
vest. Nevertheless the West Prussians
can get scarcely any of this much-appre-
ciated sweet, by reason of the intervening
corridor, while to the corridor itself im-
port is downright impossible — " as for
smuggling the honourable bee-keeper has
no talent." It is not the only intimation
I have had that the boasted Free State of
Danzig is surrounded by one of the most
insurmountable trade barriers in Christen-
dom. Some bee-keepers rejoice in a late
harvest from seradella, a plant much
grown in Germany, but unfortunately boy-
cotted in England.

Important to our bee-keepers and all are
the words of this editorial on how to put
bees away for the winter. A well-packed
stock in a hive that holds the heat, and
has only a narrow inlet for air, con-
sumes 6 or 7 lbs. of honey between October
and the middle of March, while in a cold
or draughty hive it will need from 14 to
15 Jbs. On the other hand a too narrow
entry is warned against by the announce-
ment that it has been scientifically proved
that the bees require nearly six times as
much oxygen in winter as in summer.

The best home method advocated for
wax-extraction is to tie up the old combs
in bags, boil these for ten minutes at a
time, then take them out and squeeze them
on a draining-board under a flat board
hinged thereto, returning them to the
cauldron in preparation for further squeez-
ings.

Honey seems to be selling in Germany at
1,200 marks per centner, say 12s. per" lb.

wholesale. One pound glasses cost 150
marks per hundred, and a geared extrac-
tor costs 400 marks, which must seem to
the German very much as £24 would seem
to us.

The ill-health of bees is a problem there
as here, and the father of modern German
bee-keeping. Parson Gerstung, has a long
article in which he describes the swarm,
with its rest from chyle-production and the
sweating-out of adipose in the form of
wax, as a necessity of healthy life. The
stock that is prevented by the greedy bee-
keeper from swarming perishes by self-
poisoning, as an inactive man does bv the
over-accumulation of uric acid.

A Visit to the Home of the
"Wild White" Seed Glover.

The Gloucestershire Bee-keepers' Asso-
ciation ended a series of "Field days"
held during the past summer by arranging
a visit to Mr. G. C. Swaffield's apiary on
July 24 last.

The weather smiled qn the occasion, and
a number of members availed themselves
of the opportunity to see simultaneously
the apiary of one of the leading "West
Country honey producers and the Cots-
wold Farm, whence the seed of our cham-
pion English honey plant is distributed
far and wide. Mr. Swaffield is among the
few apiarists in these islands who have
the courage to depend on apiculture for a
livelihood, and his visitors were not dis-
appointed in their expectation of finding
him aiming at the evolution of a honey-
making bee of the highest type, in an
apiary run 'on the most up-to-date
methods.

The location proved to be an ideal one —
a sheltered dip amongst the rolling up-
lands of the Cotswold country; on all sides
stretched field after field of white clover
in luxuriant bloom, five hundred acres
of it!

The plant is not the usual white, or
Dutch, clover of more or less temporary
ley, btxt is the genuine perennial wild
white clover of the roadside, specially
cultivatod for seed by the owner of that
land, Mr. Wood, of Haselton. This
gentleman, realising the value of bees as
pollenising agents, originally invited Mr
Swaffield to establish his apiary in the
parish. Now the apiary and the fields of
seed clover have become a practical illus-
tration of the mutual service and advan-
tage that beo-keeper and seed-grower can
be to each other.

In the photo, of the gathering Mr.
Wood, .Tun., is seen on extreme left. Mr.
Swaffield is holding the brood-frame, and

Dec. 9, 1920.

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

595

Colonel Beale-Browne (whose apiary is re-
puted a model one) is looking over his
shoulder. Other, less courageous, mem-
bers remained out of range of the camera
— and of the bees ! but it can be seen from
the headgear of those among the hives,
and from their expressions, that there was
no need to take cover ; indeed, the bees
were apparently of uniformly amiable dis-
position, although many were cross-bred
Italians. This season has been chiefly de-
voted to re-establishing and multiplying
colonies, for Mr. Swaffield, in common
with most apiarists of military age, had
till lately been serving his country abroad,
and his apiary suffered accordingly. " Isle
of Wight " disease, too, took toll during
his absence, and he returned to one stock

there should be no difficulty in securing
pure mating or the cross desired.

The hives in use are of a very handy
and compact pattern, square, with flat
roofs, which, being covered with zinc and
white-painted, are weather-proof and cool.

Several stocks were examined, and a
friendly rivalry developed amongst the
audience, both in diagnosing the state of
a hive before manipulation and in spot-
ting queen-cells as frames of comb were
lifted out. Late swarming had been the
order of the day here, as throughout the
district, and, in addition to those which
had been returned, some 50 were to be
seen in various stages of development into
colonies.

After inspecting cell bars, and other

Bee-keepers at Mr. Swaffield's Apiary,

of healthy bees ! By purchases and
natural swarms he had at the end of July
increased to some 90 colonies and nuclei,
several headed by pure Italian mothers.
Mr. Swaffield, however, favours Carnio-
lans, and as an illustration of the capabili-
ties of that race, exhibited a colony headed
by an imported Carniolan queen, which
early in June had been but a small
nucleus. In the interval it had, unaided,
developed into a ten-frame stock, and
was, in addition, working in its super.
Next season three varieties are to bo
tried — pure Carniolan, Italio-Camiolan,
and Carniola-Italian — the location afford-
ing such unique facilities for isolation that

queen-raising apparatus in the bee shed,
the company adjourned to the village
school room for tea, most hospitably pro-
vided by the host and hostess, to whom, in
conclusion, a hearty vote of thanks and
good wishes was passed with acclamation.
Might not many county associations
adopt similar methods to promote inter-
course and mutual education among their
members such as these field days provide?
A few, as the columns of The British
Bee Journal show, do already organise
them, and next season, perhaps, may see
an extension of the practice, to the all-
round benefit of our craft. — (Communi-
cated.)

596

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 9, 1920.

Worcestershire Bee-Keepers'
Association.

The Honey show held at Worcester on
November 18, in conjunction with the
Worcester Chrysanthemum Society's
Show, was an innovation which it was
intended to inaugurate in 1914, but
which had to be abandoned owing to the
outbreak of the war. Nevertheless, dur-
ing the war, the Chrysanthemum Society
held gift shows, at which honey was a
notable feature, and raised by means of
these shows some £300 for the Infirmary
and other war relief -work.

The Honey show on November 16 was
a decided success, and its inauguration
is fully justified from the fact that entries
were attracted from all parts of the
country — Northumberland, Lincoln,
Devon, Wales, etc., etc. — and the exhi-
bition of honey was undoubtedly the
finest ever seen in Worcester, and will
doubtless result in its being . in future
the annual show of the Worcestershire
B.K.A., under whose auspices it was held.

Dr. W. E. Moore Ede officiated as judge
(in the absence of Mr. Jos. Price, of
Stafford, a former pillar of the W.B.K.A.,
who was prevented at the last from
coming), and must have had a difficult
task in judging such excellent samples.

Appended is the list of the awards : —
Open Classes.

I. Display of Honey and Bee Products:
S. Leedham, Bromsgrove, 1; A. B. More-
ton, Hallow, 2.

2 (gift class). One 1-lb. Jar of Honey
(liquid): W. J. Goodrich, Grloucester, 1;
A. H. Bowen, Cheltenham, 2; J. Birkett,
Lancashire, 8.

3 (gift class). One 1-lb. Jar of Granu-
lated Honey : Mrs. G. Scott, Hull, 1 ;
S. Leedham, 2; H. W. Taylor, Earl's
Croome, 3.

(The prizes in Classes 2 and 3 were :
1st, 20s. ; 2nd, lOs. ; 3rd, 5s.)

4. Six Sections: A. R. Moreton, 1;
Hon. Mrs. Britten Kenswick, Worcester,
2; W. J. Goodrich, 3.

5. Six Jars Ijight Honey : A. H. Bowen,
1; S. Leedham, 2; W. J. Goodrich, 3.

6. Six Jars Medium or Dark Colour :
D. J. Griffiths, Llanelly, 1; A. E. Warren,
Bletchley, 2; Mrs. Shinn, Malvern, 3.

7. Six Jars Granulated Honey : A. H.
Bowen, 1: Mrs. Sheill, Royston, Herts,
2: A. E. Warren, 3.

8. Beeswax, 1 lb. : H. W. Taylor, 1;
Mrs. G. Scott, 2; J. L. Davey" Spald-
ing, 3.

9. Honey Cake: S. Leedham, 1; A. E.
Warren, 2; Miss Essell, Worcester, 3.

10. Honey Sweetmeat : No entry.

II. Honeyed Fruit Jelly: Mrs. Shinn,

12. Medicated Candy: A. H. Bowen,
1; W. J. Goodrich, 2; A. R. Moreton, 3.

13. Interesting and Instructive Ex-
hibit : S, Leedham, 1.

Novice Classes.

14. Three Sections: O. Taylor, Earl's
Croome, 1; A. C. Shinn, 2.

15. Three Jars Light Honey : Miss
Essell, 1; D. Lindsay, Honeybourne, 2;
0. Taylor, 3.

16. Three Jars Medium or Dark Honey :
D. Lindsay, 1; Miss Essell, 2; Miss
Jacomb, Henwick, 3.

17. Three Jars Granulated : 0. Taylor,
1 (only one entry).

18. Beeswax, ^ lb. : 0. Taylor, 1; Mrs.
Joshua, Malvern, 2; D. Lindsay, 3.

Classes Open to W.B.K.A. Members
Only.

19. Six Sections: A. R. Moreton, 1;
Mrs. Shinn, 2; Mrs. T. L. Walker,
Knightwick, 3.

20. Six Jars Liquid Honey : S. Leed-
ham, 1 ; Miss Johnson, Tewkesbury, 2 ;
Miss Essell, 3.

21. Six Jars Granulated : Mrs. Shinn,
1; Miss Johnson, 2.

Special prize for greatest number of
points gained on whole schedule, 1st, 2nd
and 3rd prizes counting 3, 2 and 1 points
respectively : S. Leedham.

George Richingsj F.R.H.S.
Hon. Sec.

North Devon Bee-Keepers'
Association.

We are pleased to siay that this young
Association is " getting a move on " in
the right direction, ixnder the able presi-
dent, the Rev. J. Morley Davies, and the
energetic Hon. Sec. Mr. E. Tattersall
Williams, and a good working council.

On Saturday, November 27, an in-
teresting lecture on Bees was given in
the Town Hall of that incomparably
beautjiful spot, Lynton. There was a
very gratifying number of bee-keepers
and would-be bee-keepers present.

In the unavoidable absence of the Rev.
J. Morley Davies, who sent his apologies,
Mr. Sanger Tucker took the chair, and
briefly explained the objects of the Asso-
ciation's work, and then introduced the
lecturer, Mr. J. Tattersall Williams. The
lecturer was greatly handicapped by not
having received the lantern slides which
had been ordered in good time, but was
fortunate in having ahout a dozen fine
slides of his own apiary showing different
aspects of working, swarming, etc. At
the close of the lecture, which was greatly
enjoyed, several questions were asked and
some amusing anecdotes of the early ex-
periences of bee-keepers were related. A
collection was taken to help defray ex-
penses, and a vote of thanks to the
lecturer and chainnan brought a pleasant
evening to a close. — Communicated.

Dec. 9, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

697

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice voill be taken of anonymous r.ommunieations,
and correspondents are requested to write on ons
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarilj/ for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrationt should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Tarsonemus Woodi.

[10342] The research work of Dr. Ken-
ni) and his collaborators is of such vital
interest to all bee-keepers, that a full
account of these operations given in the
form of a contribution to the pages of the
Bbitish Bek Journ l vrould be most wel-
come. The question to which they have
addressed themselves appears to be at the
root of all steady progress and success in
bee-keeping, and the circumstance that the
conclusions reached differ so widely from
those hitherto supported by the Ministry
of Agriculture and other authorities, calls
for further information than that as yet
generally known. Particulars and pre-
cise answers to the following questions
immediately strike one as desirable: —

If the " Isle of Wight " disease is caused
by a mite " Tarsonemus," how do they
explain the rapid spread of the disease
during the epidemic of recent years to
quite isolated apiaries? When Nosema
spores are fed to apparently healthy bees,
why does the stock produce unmistakable
signs of " Isle of Wight " disease? Why
can Nosema be obtained from the majority
of stocks showing symptoms of " Isle of
Wight " disease yet seldom found in
healthy colonies?

Tarsonemus has not been found in bees
outside Great Britain, while in Germany
and Switzerland Nosema is recognised as
the causative agent in "Isle of W'ght "
disease. If Tarsonemus is really the
cause here, what and why is Nosema? —
W. F. Judge.

Our own experience in examining hun-
dreds of bees for Nosema apis is not in
accordance with Mr. Judge's statement
that it can be obtained from the majority
of stocks. We found that in the majority
of bees from stocks showing all the familiar
symptoms of " Isle of Wight " disease,
Nosema could not be found. Further in-
vesti^jation is needed, and will doubtless
be undertaken, not only by Dr. Rennie
and his colleagues but by others who are
interested.

In the House of Commons, on November
8, Mr. Munro, in reply to Lieut. -Col. A.
Murray (C.L., Kincardine and Western),

said that the recent investigation by Dr.
Rennie and his colleagues at Aberdeen
University into the cause of the "Isle of
Wight " disease of bees had now been con-
cluded. It seemed probable that the true
cause of the disease had now been ascer-
tained. He understood that further inves-
tigation would be directed towards pre-
ventive and remedial measures.

Disease or What ?

[10343] Reading the weekly article by
the Rev. E. F. Hemming in which he
suggests that there is possibly a new
disease attacking our queens makes one
tremble for the bee-keeping industry if
such is the case. The revd. gentleman
said a month ago the queens were laying
well, but now the colonies appear queen-
less. Surely the majority of queens have
practically ceased to lay now, and unless
he took out and examined every comb (a
thing neither he or any other practical
bee-keeper would do the second week in
November) he cannot say for certain th©
bees are queenless.

The instance he quotes in his own
apiary was the usual symptom of queen-
lessness, one would like to know if it is
possible the queen was balled through late
manipulation.

I inspect and pack down a great num-
ber of stocks to winter, but I did not
find more than a usual number queenless,
and then mostly cases where the stock
swarmed late in the season.

Be the crawling disease in swarms re-
sembling "Isle of Wight" disease he
mentioned some time ago, but on bees
being sent for examination the verdict
was, no germs of " any known disease."
This is quite possible in the light of Dr.
Rennie' s new discovery, but having had
eight swarms from one apiary which
showed these symptoms, I was so con-
vinced it was the same old trouble I de-
stroyed the lot, and I fear before the
winter is out the parent will be wiped
out or much diminished. — L. Andbbws,
Peterboro'.

X'Answer to Few Notes,
'■ c November 11.

[10344] I am much interested in Mr.
Manley's few notes in which he asks a
question which I will try to answer. Mr.
Manley's ideas are full of sunshine, and
sometimes tickle me to death. I can well
see him smile as he writes, saying to him-
self, " that's one for him."

Regarding this question, I am one of
those curious people who know that if one
coddles animals they get delicate. Take
a crofter cow, she has her calf in the
open under a hedge, perhaps in the snow.
Look at the prize breeders, two men to

598

THE BEITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Dec. 9, 1920.

look after each cow or bull, oil cake,
douches, and made fat. As a result they
are delicate.

Now for bees. Same thing. And
I quote my ideas. I believe in the
spring in running bees so you don't have
to keep on manipulating combs. I find
my combs full of brood and honey, no
sugar feeding, just uncap a little honey
every other day without disturbing bees.
This lasts almost into May. When there
are plenty of early blossoms and the bees
are left all, the first swarm appears. That
swarm is hived, or returned, the hive is
inspected, queen cells are attended to.
And by then the honey flow has begun.
On go supers tiered up, if warm open
vents in floor board — that is to say, if
hive does not want cleaning. Things go
on till autumn without manipulation, only
to catch the old queen, before autumn
breeding, to re-queen, so as to keep new
blood for coming winter. Spray entrance
of hives with warm " Bacterol " during
the day. Lifting quilts and blowing in
some carbolic air through a subjugator till
they hum keeps off moth and the like, and
cleans the air. Using cheese cloths for
subjugating is a healthy item. By this
way one can keep one's bees healthy.

Regarding Italian leatherjackets, one
is allowed to run what bees one likes.
With the hybrid I have used up to now
1 have never had a crawler. Only once
from a stock arriving with braced combs,
these produced Qripples, which were
turned out. Foundation soon put things
right). Now, Mr. Manley, have I put
things right? As, perhaps, I am doing
what the French say, " Qui s 'excuse
s' accuse." — C. Tredcroft.

Native v. Foreign Bees.

[10345] I would like to know if the
illustrations of heather and ling, Figs. 112
and 113 in "British Guide Book" are
correct, for what you call common ling in
England we call heather here, and vice
versa. I have noticed all through the re-
ports in the B.B.J, for some time back
that this seems to be the general rule
throughout England.

I am living in a place where there are
thousands of acres of heather, namely.
Grey Galloway, the land of Crockett, and
ling is always the first to bloom. Oiir bell
heather does not bloom until the middle
of August. As I am not versed in botany
I would much appreciate your advice on
the question.

I notice Mr. Robt. B. Manley's opinion
differs from mine as regards foreign bees.
I do not think the humid climiate of the
British Isles is at all suitable for foreign
bees.^ Fancy people bringing Italian,
Cyprian, Egyptian, and other races to a

climate such as this. Our own bees are so
much crossed with these races that we are
scarcely able to trace any signs of our own
hardy blacks.

Does it not consist with reason tha-t
bees belonging to a climate sudh as Italy,
where the fountains reflect aU the various
colours of the rainbow in the radiant sun-
shine, and the butterflies Vanessa Cardui
and Atalanta come out and fly around
in winter, are not suitable for a cold, grey
climate such as this?

I wonder if Mr. Manley has read the
notes on Cyprian bees by Mr. Bowen, and
" Mongrel Bees " by Mr. Hemming in the
B.B.J'soi October "28, and September 23,
1920, respectively.

How would we Briti^ers be able to
withstand our climate if we were crossed
and re-crossed with Italians, Egyptians,
or any of the other races farther East?
I trust Dr, Ronnie's discovery will lead
to the final summing up, and the ultinnate
defeat of the dread disease, and that
bee-keepers will be content to be a little
less greedy, and gradually work back to
the almost extinct pure British black bee
which the Creator has put in the place
most suited for it. — Joseph C. Wood.

[The illustrations are quite correct.
Common ling {Calluna vulgaris) is com-
monly called heather in England.— Eds.]

The B.B.J, and Its Contents.

[10346] I congratulate the editors of
our darling little paper on the able de-
fence they have jDublished in reference to
the contents of The British Be-e Jour-
nal. I have been astonished and grieved
at the criticisms sent in by Mr. Ellis.
Just before I sat down to write this I
was reading the British Printer, a
particularly technical paper, and yet
within its pages are always to be found
some very dainty and delightful literary
and artistic gems, quiet oases in a wilder-
ness of wheels and hustle. So it is, and
so, I hope, it always will be with our own
little paper. I have never kept bees,
and yet I look forward with keenest anti-
cipations to the arrival of my Journal
from week to week. This has been going
on now for quite ten years, and I have
gained a ispecial education thix)iigh the very
fact that our paper is something more, some-
thing vastly better than -a grimly tech-
nical weekly, devoted to business only.
The rigid utilitarian is generally short-
sighted. I have no doubt but that far
better champions than I am will write to
you in support of your wise policy.
Voices from Violet Farm and from
Steeple Gidding will make themselves
heard 1 If a motto were wanted for our
paper, I should like the front page of it

Dec. 9, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

599

to bear the words " Quicquid agunt
ape8." — F. DE SiLVA.

[We tliank our correspondent for liis
appreciation, the more so as we know he
takes great interest in the Journal, and
in the past we have received valuable
criticisms and suggestions, some of which
we have been able to act upon to tbe
advantage of both the paper and its
readers. — Eds.]

The Season on the East Coast.

[10347] Now that all is, or should be,
snug and quiet within the hives, I, as a
reader of fourteen years' standing, find
time to attempt a first contribution to the
Journal.

In this part of the country the season
has been only moderate. My apiary is only
2^ miles from the East Coast, and there is
practically no barrier to break the force
of the icy-cold and piercing winds.
Nevertheless, the bees started well, and
by the end of the first week in May I was
able to deliver a nucleus, headed by a
young queen, and from the end of the
third week of that month until the end
of June nuclei were made and queens
mated and tested well, and it looked like
being a bumper season. But, alas ! from
then until the end of August mating days
were few, and for every queen I got mated
I lost two. A few stocks I worked for
honey towards the end of the season, and
my best stock gave me three three-frame
.nuclei and 41 lbs. of honey. One neigh-
bouring bee-keeper, four miles distant,
working solely for honey, did well, but the
majority can only report takes up to
about 40 lbs. or swarms and weak stocks
this autumn. Generally, feeding has had
to be resorted to, although I have only
had to feed two of my thirty-one stocks,
and all went to winter with that best of
all packing — abundance of bees.

One day, perhaps, I will again trespass
on your space if I have your permission,
and relate some of my failures and suc-
cesses since my brother, aged 14, and T,
at the age of 15, pooled our savings and
bought our first stock. — E. H. Tttnmer.

Book Wanted.

[9,916.] I should be greatly obliged if
you would tell me where I could obtain
a copy of the paper entitled " The Plants
and Flowers most worthy of Cultivation
as Honey-producers," by W. Ingram,

Esq., and price of same; also would you
tell me if there is a later edition than
the second of " The British Bee-keepers'
Guide Book," by T. W. Cowan, Esq., as
this seems to be the only one they have at
the local library. Also could you please
give me the address of the A. I. Root Co.
— R. Williams.

Reply. — We do not know the book men-
tioned. Can you give the publisher's
name? Or, perhaps, some reader can give
the information.

The Last edition of "The British Bee-
keepers' Guide Book " was the twenty-
third, and there are only a very few
copies of that left. So your library is a
long way behind the times.

The A, I. Root Co., Medina, Ohio,
U.S.A.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

AdveTtisement$ mtut reach ut NOT LATBB
than FIRST POST on MONDAY UORNINO lor
insertion in the " Journal " the tame vpetk.

PBIVATE ASVEKTZSIiMIlirrS.

APIARIST seeks employment for 1921.— Box 110,
B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street. Strand,
London, W.C.2. k.l09

URE ENGLISH 'HONEY (liquid), in lA-\b.\
28-lb., 56-Ib. tins; sample 6d.— W. CHAN-
NELL, Grove Apiary, Histon, Cambs. k.lll

WILLOW HERB " completes the bee
garden; twelve 2s. 6d.— BOWEN, Cotswold
Apiaries, Cheltenham. k.ll3

LIMITED Quantity famous pure (guaranteed)
Lincolnshire Light Honey (granulated),
28-lb. tin, carriage paid, 60s.; 6-lb. tin, 16e. 6d.,
carriage paid; tins included; sample 6d. —
CHARLES CUBLEY, Gedney, Holbeach, Lincoln-
shire. K.115

3H0ZEN 1-lb. glass jars Heather Honey, 2s. 6d.
lb. and carriage; also good Cycle, £3 17s. 6d.—
W. WOODS, Normandy, near Guildford.

WANTED, Handy Man who understands bees,
horses, and can do rough joinering. Stat©
wages expected.— YOUNG, 42, Janies Street, Cam-
bridge. r.kJlT

TWO HIVES, fitted brood and shallow frames,
rack sections, excluder; good condition;
removing; guaranteed; 15s. each and carriage. —
OCCUPIER, 8, Foxhouse Street, Blackburn. k.U8

FOR SALE, cheap, five good hives Beee, chain-
geared Extractor, etc., £15; to be removed by
purchaser.— G. SARGAN, Ravenfield, Rotherham,
Yorke. k.lOO

IRISH HONEY, 14 lb. 28s., 28 lb. 53s.. 56 lb.
106s.; also Section Honey, 30s. and 33s. dozen.
— S. CRAWFORD, Apiaries. Cajstlederg, Ck).
Tyrone. k.l01

\

OBSERVATORY HIVE wanted, second-hand, to
hold three frames and eections; modem
pattern; revolving and feeder. — " Y.," "Menken
Hadley," Braintree. k.105

URE LIGHT CAMBRIDGE HONEY (prnaran-
teed), 14-lb. tins, 30s.; 28-lb. tins, 67s. 6d., car-
riage paid.— YOUNG, 42. Jamea Street. Cambridge.

r.k.S4

600

THE BBinSH BEE JOtJBNAL.

Deo. 9, 1920.

PRIMD HAMPSHIRE HONEY, in 28-Ib. tins,
50s. per tin, free on rail, carriage forward.—
TETJEMAN, Harroway Road, Andover. k.l04

SAINEOIN HONEY.— We havjB i ton of thii
fine Honey, put up in nominal 14-lb. tins,
whi&li were sent us by a honey buyer wbo failed
to pay for his order. Tbese packages average
14J lbs. gross weigiit, and we offer tihem at 33a.
eacli, carriage paid.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. k.l05

WANTED, Handy iMan wJio understands bees,
horses, and can do rough joinering. State
wages expected.— YOUNG, 42, James Street, Cam-
bridge. k.l07

GOOD ENGLISH HONEY, granulated, 28-lb.
cane. Is. lid. per lb., carriage paid; sample
6d.— PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough.

NOW BOOKING ORDERS, delivery January,
February, March, £2 sittings of Eggs and
Day-old Chicks (Barron's), White Leghorns, Brown
Leghorns; White and Fawn and White Runner
Ducks, White Wyandottes, eittinga 10s. 6d. to
358. a dozen. Chicks double".— MRS. M. ANDER-
SON, Poultry Dept., Hermitage Poultry Farm,
High Hurstwood, Sussex. Manager : Miss M. D.
SiUar. k.93

CORRESPONDENCE Courses in Bee-keeping.—
H. E. NEWTON. Hobart Road, New Milton,
Hants. r.k.69

HIVES.— A limited number of strong, sound and
interchangeable, free from " I.O.W,," two
lifts, brood chamber, 10 frames, metal ends, wired
and new wax in each, roofs lined with zinc or iron,
price 358., free on rail; cash with order.— FOSTER
& CO., Heath Side, Hillingdon Heath, Middlesex.

r.k.78

BUSINESS AliVERTlSEMENTS.
lid. per word.

TMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS FOR I921.-List
1 on application.— PEARSON & GALE, Marl-
borough. r.k.88

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy.— Ad drees,
E. PENNA, Bologna, Italy. Prist List for 1921
on application. r.k.i^

BEE BOOKS FOR CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.—
You can get the Books of the leading
authorities in this and other countries from E. J.
BURTT, Stroud Road, Gloucester. Special List
free on receipt of a poetcard. k.l20

LAVINE AND BEE CANDY, made in Cam-'

bridge, 6 lbs., 10s., post paid.— S. H. SMITH,

30, Maid's Causeway, Cambridge. k.llO

ADVERTISER is open to supply 3-frame Nuclei,
May-June. No nuclei despatched till three
frames are crowded with brood and bees. Hybrid
or pure Italian Queens. Terms, £1 with order,
balance when ready. Nuclei supplied on depoeit
with " B.B.J." if nreferred. Guaranteed healthy.
—Box 111, B.B.J. Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand,
London, W.C.2. k.ll2

KEEP IN TOUCH with modern bee-keeping
thought by reading the bee-keeping journals.
I shall be pleased to book orders for " Gleanings
in Bee Culture," 7s. per year; "The American Bee
Journal," lOs. per year; " L'Apiculture Francaise,"
3s. 6d. per year, each monthly and post paid.—
E. J. BURTT, Stroud Road, Gloucester. k.ll9

BEES AND QUEENS FOR 1921.— Send for our
new Illustrated Catalogue, free on appli-
cation.—PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough, r.k.89

HONEY FOR FEEDING BEES.-Finest West
Indian. Case of one tin, 56 lbs. net., 61s. 6d.;
case of four tins, each 7 lb. net, 359. 9d.; carriage
paid 100 miles.— LONDON TRADING AGENCY,
32, St. Mary Axe, E.C.3. Tel. : Avenue 3883. k.l22

9

S. SECURES 6 lbs. superb Candy.— BOWEN,
Apiaries, Cheltenham. k.ll4

WANTED, best quality English Honey. Please
state prices.- HILE8, "The Homestead,"
Kidderminster. . r.k.92

ENSURE A GOOD HONEY CROP next year by
purchasing one of our noted 6-frame Italian
Stocks. Illustrated Catalogue free on application.
—PEARSON & GALE. "Marlborough. r.k.90

MASHBATH MEMS.—" Been painting the Mas-
heath. Man, it's a grand bee-box I The
longer I look at it the more convinced I am that
it is absolutely 'it.' It ought to sell like hot
cakes. A man with any pride in his apiary haa
only to see it to purchase.- A. L."— ATKINSON,
Fakenham. r.k.97

IMPORTANT !— In spite of the increased cost of
sugar, appliances and carriage, we are offer-
ing our celebrated 6-frame Stocks at reduced prices.
Catalogues free on application.— PEARSON &
GALE, Marlborough. r.k.91

A WELL-ESTABLISHED FIRM wishes to hear
of bee-keepers who would guarantee to supply
them with Nuclei May-June next.— Box 107, B.B.J
Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. r.j.42

WIGHT" DISEASE.— Prevention and removal.
Advice 58.— ALP. RYALL, Cottage Farm,
near Camp, Stroud. r.j.S

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy f ree.— OMces : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

Finest Grade New Zealand Honey

(Amber)

For Bee Feeding. Guaranteed Pure,

Cases, each 2-60 lb. nominal Tins.

95/- per cwt. Carriage paid.

Cash with order or on receipt of goods.

N.B. We are already supplying Beekeepers'

Associatiiins throughout the Country and

shall be pleased to quote references.

The Bristol and Dominions Producers'
Association, Ltd., Bristol.

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper,
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
" Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogne, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breams BnUdings, LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

Tlie recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. HEBKOD-HEMFSAI.I., 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, Xondon, W.C.S.

Deo. 9, 1920. THE BBIUSH BEB JOtmNAli. m

"American Bee Journal'' specification Tested three banded Italians.

DIRECT from ITALY.

. «p . May & June July & Aug. Sept.

^^LLEW^e^'' 13/- 12/- 10/- each.

Sole Agent: H. M. STICK, Riccartsbar Avenue, PAISLEY, Scotland

1920 — QUEENLAND LIST— 1921

In reply to many requests coming in for our Premier White Star Queens for the Season 1921, we

beg to state that early delivery may not be offered, as a certain number of orders have been

carried over (by request) from previous season for first 1921 delivery, in consequence of the

unfavourable weather for queen-mating.

Our Premier White Star Nucleus Stocks

will be offered as usual, and at former price ; but the charges for Queens have been revised, and
include the offer of well-bred and selected Virgin Queens of this renowned strain.

Full Queenland Descriptive Circular 4d., The Revised List only (to those having 1920 List, 2d.,

post free,

Of S. SIMMINS, QUEBNLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

C( ^f^^ ^ ^^l*T^ W^ IPfc i^^k If " The cure for, and preventive of.

*' Isle of Wight " Disease.
Non-poisonous — free from stain
^ _ or unpleasant odour.

rUK dLLo BACIEROL LIMITED

2/9 per Bottle. Post Free. 19/25, Brooktide Rd., Highgate, N.I9.

RACTEROI

^^ A "V T "W^ "IL^ Made in our own factory by bee-keepers for bee-keepers.

■ ^ iC\ |\ 11 X ® *•*** p°^' f^*^^ ®'6

^"^"' "^ ^ ^ *^ ^" Guaranteed from Pure White Refined Caue Sugar.

Miss Chester-Master's Patent Candy Box, 4/6 each. Postage extra 9d.

S. J. BALDWIN. TKe Apiary. BROMUtlY. RENT.

SAVE MONEY this winter by making up your own
hives. Particulars of wood cut ready to make up
into hives will be sent free on receipt of a post card.

E. J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER

SEASON 1921.

We have now amalgamated our Apiaries and are in a position to supply to time

ITALIAN QUEENS AND NUCLEI (Speciality)
COMMERCIAL (16x10) 3 and 4 frame NucleL

Before you place your order you would be well advised to write for our new Illustrated
Catalogue, which will be sent to any address post free for the asking.

LOCKWOOD & MANLEY, THE MODEL BEE FARMS, HUNSTANTON, NORFOLK

rr THE BBITISH BEE JOUENAL. Dec. 9, 1920.

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR PRIZES
at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at Aberdeen, thus
testifying to the superiority of our goods. Order now at catalogue
prices and save money.

SOFT BEE CANDY.

Have you tried our Famous Bee Candy ? If not, you should send
for a trial order now. It is made from PURE WHITE CANE
SUGAR and is PERFECTION.

PRICES—

1 lb. at 1/5, postage 9d., 6 lbs. at 9/6 post free,

10 lbs. at 15/6 post free.

Can be had medicated or not, as required.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appli ance Maker Sy
WORMIT, FIFE.

Telegrams : — " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormit.

IggggggilgglgUgggUgggggglgggragggggggggg

BE^E^ OAIVDY.

WE are now able to supply CANDY OF OUR
OWN MAKE from guaranteed Pure White
I Refined Cane Sugar. In 1-lb. boxes with glass tops.
It can be had plain or medicated with either " Yadil "
or "Bacterol."

REDUCED PRICES:
lib. - 1/5 per lb.
61b. - 9/6, post free.
101b. - 15/6, post free.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex.

Feinted by the Avenue Press (L. TJpcott Gill & Son, Ltd.), 55-57, Drury Lane, London, W.C. and

Pdblibbed fob the Proprietor (W. Herrod-Hempsall), by Simprin, Marshall, Hamilton,

Kent & CJo., Ltd., 31 & 32, Paternoster Eow, E.C.

ivx s:i ^ s CLC iTL UL 6 e ttM

Bimia Bn J9VtMU. MB Bu-xciriM' A&vibib, December 16, 1920.

ilttxral

' e^jra

jlBEE JO^^

ted

rTL3.

0/A,

TWCowi>.n.J
and' J.Herrod —
Hempstxll.FES.

ce,.

JB c e -KTc e per s
Adviser.* -7 7^/«rc/c.

xV^ekly Journal Devoted to //^ '^(/•Aftv '"
the Interests oj

Bcc-Kcepcrs.

'^^/c
^^'^g^"

No. 2008. Vol. XLVIII

DECEMBER 16, 1920.

iPubHshed tvery Thuridav, Prlc* 2d.

coN^rrEi^rrs.

PAQE

Reviews 601

A Dorset Yarn 602

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 602

Bek Notes from Derbyshire 603

Notes from Gretna Green 605

The Season in Aberdeenshire 606

Swarm in a Hedge 606

CoTSwoLD Honev (Poem) 609

A Dorset Yarn (Poem) 609

PAGE

Correspondence—

A Few More Notes 607

Peculiar Behaviour of Bees 608

Acarine Disease 608

" Acarine Disease " or " Acarinus " ? 609

Combs from Other Hives—

The Bee-keeping Parson 610

Deadly Bees *ll

Notices to Correspondents 611

We should like to take this opportunity of wishing
our numerous customers and all those interested in

THE^ BEE . INDUSTRY

H

♦ ♦ ♦ >wV ♦ ♦ ♦

and a Prosperous Honey Season in

1921.

Xmas is a season of giving presents, and the Bees
should not be forgotten. A Cake of Taylor's Pink Candy
will ensure for them a happy and contented Xmas.

E. H. TAYLOR, Ltd., ""Si'

u

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 16, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journal

Office : 23, Bedford Street, Strand. London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to the
Interests of Bee-keepers.

Edited by T. W. COWAH, P.Ii.S., fee,
and J. HEBROD-KIUIIXPSAX.Ii, F.E.S.

Coprespondenee : Whom to Address.—
All matters relating to the Literary Depart-
ment, Associations, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, Britith Bet Jouriud,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office,

Subscriptions. — Annual Subscription,
10s. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^d. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money. — Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred,

Scottish or Irish cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editors are not directly or indirectly
interested in the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in the paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTEM.

Yon are advised to Insist on this being used
when dealing with strangers.

Bules and Conditions for Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of irading.

Gk)ods should not be despatched until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from'
this office.

1. Method.— When strangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2J
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, &c. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order as pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount depofiited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud.

2. Deposits.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and crossed " London
County and Westminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.

We cannot be responfiible tor any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.- In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
ue when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions as in Clause 1.

5. Bees and Queens.— These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purchase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted as per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
iTisk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejecteo
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of alLgoods, except
such as are $ent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Postage
A Modern Bee Farm .. 7/6 .. 83d.

(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Beginner's Bee Book (Peilbtt) 6/- .. 4d,
BEE-KEEFIlfG SIMFIiZPIBD

FOR THB COTTAGER AND

SMAI.I.HOZ.DER (W. Hebros-

Hbmpsall, F.E.S.) !/• .. 2d.

BRITISH BEE - KEEFERS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers 2/6 .. 3d.

Cloth covers 3/6 .. 4d.

Dissectible Model of Queen Bee 4/6 . . 3d.
FERTIIiISATION OF FRUIT

BI.OSSOMS BY BEES (T. W.

Cowan) -/3 .. Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hopk) .. >/6 .. Id.
Honey Vinegar (Eev. Q. Bancks) -/2 .. Id/
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

(Comstock) S/- .. 4id.

Freventiou of Swarming

(Wilkes) .. 1/- .. lid.

Pollination of Fruit in relation

to Commercial Fruit Growing

(C. H. Hooper, P.R.H.S.) .. .. -/6 .. Id.
FRODUCING, FBEFARIKG,

EXHIBITIITG AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

iHerrod-Hempsall, F.E.S.) .. ..2/- .. 3d.
Queen Rearing in England

(F. W. L. Sladen) 1/6 .. 2d.

Snelgrove's Method of Re-
Queening -/6 .. Id.

The " Towrnsend " Bee Book 2/6 .. 2d.

WAX CRAFT (T. W. Cowan) .. 2/- .. 2Jd.

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.
The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TiCKNER Edwardeb) 2/- .. 3d.

Iiife of the Bee (Maeterlinck) .. 5/- .. 4d.
THE BEE WORIiD (supplied

only to members of Associations

interested in the control and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the laUer), per copy -/8 .. IJd.

The Bee Master of Warrilow

(TiCKNER Edwardes) 7/6 .. 4§d.

Brititb Bee Journal & Record Office.

23, BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, W.C.2.

Dec. 16, 1920.

THE BBmsH BEE JOUBNAL.

601

Reviews.

Dadant System of Bee-keeping , by C. P.
Dadant (Hamilton, Illinois, IJ.S.A.,
" American Bee Journal ' ' Office, price one
dollar), — This book is by the well-known
editor of the " American Bee Journal,"
who has been in the bee business since he
was 18 years of age. His father, C.
Dadant, emigrated from France in 1863,
and settled near Hamilton, and commenced
with two colonies of black bees. From
these two colonies came the establishment
which is now supporting a number of
families, and has made them pecuniarily
independent. A group consisting of Mr.
Dadant, his three sons and son-in-law, all
in the business, are shown on page 3, and
look a happy, sturdy company, wlio are
certainly, by their appearance, a splendid
advertisement for bee-keeping, so far as
its healthfulness is concerned. The author
of this book gives his experience in honey
production for more than half a century,
and as more than 60 tons of honey have
been produced in the Dadant apiaries in
a single year by the system described, we
can gladly recommend the book as show-
ing how more honey can be obtained with
less labour. Of course the results men-
tioned are not obtained in one apiary, for
the Dadants have a number oi out
apiaries, the methods of working which
are described by M. G. Dadant in " Out
Apiaries and their Management," which
we reviewed in our Journal of May 13
last, page 229.

Some Observations on European Foul
Brood, by G. F. White. — We are indebted
to the author for a reprint of his article,
which appeared in the July and August
numbers of the " American Bee Journal.'
In this he refers to the more detailed
account of his work in connection with
this disease, in Bulletin 810, which we
have already noticed in the B.B.J., for
June 3, page 265. Dr. White states that
as this disease occurs least in Australia,
Denmark, England, Germany, Switzer-
land, Canada 'and the United States, it
cannot be attributed entirely to climatic
conditions, nor to the kind of food ob-
tained by the bees. The course of the
disease is affected somewhat by the quan-
tity of food obtained, and by the season
of the year. The disease is frequently
referred to as " foul brood." In the
United States -it was called " black
brood," for a while. The writer thinks
that "stinking foul brood" and "sour

brood ' are also names for this disease. It
is infectious, and is caused by a germ
named Bacillus pluton. Worker, drono
and queen larvae are all susceptible to in-
fection, but the ^dult bees are not. The
germ lives longer than either the one thar.
causes Nosema disease or the virus tlmt
causes sac brood, but not nearly so h i g
as the one that causes American Icul
brood {Bacillus larvce). Dr. White (in-
siders that from " the technical viewpoiiit
much has yet to be found out about Eiu'.)-
pean foul brood. For practical purposes
it can be said that sufficient information
has been gained to make it possible for
the bee-keeper to devise a treatment for
the disease which will be logical, efficient
and at the same time economical.

A Study of the Behaviour of Bees in
Colonies Affected by European Font
Brood, by Arnold P. Sturtevant (Bulletin
804, Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, Washington, D.C, price five
cents). — The author describes the experi-
ments carried out in a small, isolated
apiary, which had been previously used in
frv.lt pollination studies, and had no re-
cord of disease. Careful observations
were made and diagrams are shown of the
progress of the disease. The conclusions
come to are that European foul brood is
an infectious disease, the primary invader
being Bacillus pluton. The variation in
the appearance of the diseased larvte '
after death is due to the presence of
secondary invaders. It was noted in apiary
practice that the first brood of the year
usually escapes with little loss. During
the first five to seven days the spread of
the disease in a colony after infection is
slow, after which the increase is rapid
under favourable conditions. The criti-
cal time, therefore, to detect the
disease and start treatment is early
in its course, thus making condi-
tions favourable. Italian bees were
found to resist infection better than
hybi'ids, and showed more ability to over-
come the disease. This was largely due to
their more vigorous house-cleaning char-
acteristics rather than a natural resistance
or immunity to the disease. As a rule re-
queening is necessary in the treatment of
European foul brood, except possibly in
the strongest Italian colonies, which show
only slight infection, and the stronger the
colony the more rapid was the recovery.
A heavy honey flow tends to prevent in-
fection from gaining a foothold, and tends
to eliminate the disease if present before
the start of tlic heavy honey flow. Euro-
pean foul brood is a disease of weak colo-
nies, and it was found to be difficult to
infect any but very weak colonies during
the heavy honey flow. Therefore colonies
kept strong up to the time of the honey

602

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 16. 1920.

flow run very little danger of contracting
foul brood.

Control of American Foul Brood, by E.
F. Phillips (Farmers' Bulletin 1,084,
Bureau of Entomology, U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, Washington, D.C., price five
cents). The greater part of this bulletin
consists of descriptions of the disease
given in previous bulletins issued by the
Department, and contains the various
remedial measures employed, emphasising
the fact that it does not pay to treat colo-
nies that are considerably weakened by
disease, drugs being declared useless.

A Dorset Yarn,

" We dream of a land of sunshine,
But we live in a land of snow."

These lines we have often sung in the
old entertaining days, and this morning,
December 12, our fields are white with
snow, only a thin sprinkling, enough to
show that winter is with us; the dream
of simshine was through reading of the
traveller Humbolt, who wrote so delight-
fixlly of the wonderful flora of South
America, the tropical heat, the gorgeous
coloured butterflies, its bees and ants,
the snakes and birds; a wonderful con-
trast to find the fine snow blowing in the
open window this iSunday morning.

Our bees have only been seen on the
wing once this week. A visitor came to
see them last week, or at least he saw
some on the wing, and was astonished
that they should be about in December.
On lifting the felt covering off the top
(we have a small peep of glass to see
them in winter) none could be seen
at all, but on taking ofE the cover of
case for more light, they were tO' be seen
lower down in the brood chamber. They
had such a lot of stores in the brood
chamber that they had not got to the
top of the bars, where others were already
in great numbers.

We have over the wood top of brood
chamber, first a thick piece of felt, same
as placed beneathi stair carpejts. This
seems to conserve warmth. I do not know
how others have found this material
answer. We have had narrow strips of
new Brussels carpet. We use it now; it
lasts many years, but the thick piece of
felt keeps the top very warm. I was try-
ing to teach our visitor how much more
income he could make with bees than
with pigs. He had bought of us two
young ones in the spring. He had sold
thf-m fat the first week in December. All
the profit he had made was 26s. He had
the manure for his garden, but his brick
pigsty had cost him £281 He has a long
way to go before ever he will have a
rttum on pigs, I showed him a stock

of bees which had given me three racks
of sections, of 21 each, making 63 in all,
of which 40 were sold at 2s. 6d. each,
the remainder at Is. 6d., excepting some
of the outside, which were very imper-
fectly filled and were given back to the
weak hives, and at the end of the sea-
son there were two stocks, at least of
the value of £4 each, where his pigsty
was empty and he had only 26s. to get
more stock (that would only buy one,
they are always a low price in winter
months). He was moaning at the high
prices of feeding stuffs for pigs and
poultry. (I know lof one large poultry
farmer who buys white oats to the value of
^680 at threshing time, so as to have some
of the best.) He is inclined to try bees
next season. He saw his bill for feeding-
stuffs would not be heavy, as bees would
go everywhere gathering the nectar from
other people's land. He has had an
adventurous life— at sea from boyhood
till 50, captain of a tramp steamer carry-
ing British goods to the South Sea Islands
and Australia, bringing back raw ma-
terial, till war made him a food-transport
captain, when his ship was torpedoed.
He has built himself a bungalow in which
to end his days; a singular man, all his
life without the loving hand of woman,
e will finish his life, alone. Among us
are all sorts and conditions of men, every
one to his fancy and happiness, one can-
not help thinking he is missing a lot. —
J. J. Kettle.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

Huntingdonshire luckily comes in that
wonderful belt of the East Midlands which
has a small rainfall, and consequently an
unusual amount of sunshine. This means
that while in some parts of this fair isle
oiie dare hardly look in one's hives after
mid-October, here, especially under glass
quilts, one may with impunity take ad-
vantage of an exceptionally warm day in
Novemiber when the bees are out busy,
playing, or reconnoitring or robbing some
luckless colony in a tree, for a peep within
the hives; of course, one would not take
out every comb, or any one of them for
that matter, although I have done that
on a November day without ill results.
Thirteen months ago I was taking funera.1
duty at a village in the county when I
was asked to look at the coverings of a
couple of hives, the owner being a novice
at bee-keeping, and he was not sure
whether the quilts were suflBcient for win-
tering. One of these hives was past
words, warped boards, cracks and gaps
everywhere, and impossible to make
weather proof. As the owner had another
hive handy, I decided to risk transferring
the frames of comb from the bad to the

Dec. 16, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

60C

good hive, being perfectly sure that did
the bees stay where they were they could
not survive the winter. Needless to say
the bees were surprised, and one or two
got their stings home, but they were
manifestly grateful when the transference
to a clean draughtproof hive was com-
pleted. The colony came through and
swarmed early.

Last winter, too, one of my goats sent
a hive of ten frames hurtling across the
lawn, the brood chamber landing upside
down. When the hive was reset, and the
half-stunned bees were swept up and re-
turned, I f pa red the worst, but the worst
didn't happen — all went well.

To get back to my opening remarks — it
is not difficult to diagnose a queenless
stock in November, and when one sees all
the symptoms of queenlessness in the
eleventh month of. the year where four
weeks or so previously the queen was lay-
ing prolifioallv one is justified in conclud-
ing that something very unusual has hap-
pened, and when one hears and reads of
other bee-keepers having similar experi-
ences one naturnlly concludes that either
a disease is stalkino- around which attacks
queen bees, or that several queen wasps
force an entrance into the hive and attack
her majesty within ; killing and perhaps
eating her.

Speaking of queenless stocks brings to
my mind a question asked at the British
Bee-keepers' Conversazione the other day.
When England experiences an ideal sum-
mer and the honey flow of August
promises well, a much greater quantity of
honey will be stored if strong stocks are
deprived of their queens for two or three
weeks. In fact, it is only by making
vigorous colonies queenless for a week or
two that one can get a fair idea as to the
immense amount of honey 50,000 bees can
gather in a given time. A lady bee-
keeper whom I know, last year deprived
one of her stocks of a queen for the whole
month of June — ^the amount of honey
gathered was amazing. Personally, if our
seasons were not so variable I should
always do this to every stock marked
down for requeening. Queen introduc-
tion to these stocks is easy ; that is if her
majesty be fertile. Virgins are apt to
show fight in direct introduction. This
often annoys the bees, and if they have
no drones (they usually, but not always
have) she is expelled unkilled.

To many inquirers, I have not forgotten
my article on " King Bees," it will be
turning up one of these days. I am
afraid Mr. Ellis, " William," will figure
in it. To other inquirers " William " is a
real live man. Easily embarrassed, he
nevertheless is a walking encyclopaedia.
Born in the days when schools were scarce,
and schooling scarcer, he hasn't received

any education, and to use his own words,
" Ain't 'ad no eddication, so baint no
scholard." Yet he is a man of keen
observation and an amazing memory, an
extraordinary command of language when
he warms up, and a devoted lover of
nature. Animals instinctively know him
as a friend ; birds in winter all know
where he lives ; and when he speaks to
bees and calls them " my hearties " he
quite believes they understand what he
says, and perhaps they do. — E. F.
Hemming, Steeple Gidding.

Bee Notes from Derbyshire.

{Continued from page 592.)
August came in windy and wet the first
week. For weeks prevailing wind had
been S.W. to W., and N.W., and no
quantity .. of honey seems to come
with the wind there. We had a few days
of lovely bee weather in the first three
weeks, but no honey seemed to come.
Heather was a purple mass by the 15th,
but honey lingered. The 17th was a good
bee day, but the five following days were
very cold, bees would hardly go out. The
betting would have been 100 to 1 agair!=;t
the heather; it looked such a forlorn
hope. But on the 23rd, wind in the
north, honey begain to come, and the
more the wind worked round to the N.F,.
the faster the honey came, although the
days were dull. From Augiist 23 to
September 14 the bees hardly over
lost an hour, except on September 1 and
2. As I came home from work on the
morning of September 24 there was a
mackerel " Noah's ark " out North and
South. When I went out about S at night
there was a black one in same direction.
That denotes calm, fine weather, and has
it not been so for nine weeks? There
have not been four windy days, the most
ideal time for bees I ever knew; if it had
come in June and July, what clover
honey would have been got. I
think it was somewhat similar in 1SS9,
that good honey year. But if it has been
ideal bee weather, it has been bad har-
vest weather — such foggy nights corn
would not dry or ripen. There were nine
sunny days and seven part sunny days
in August, the highest temperature on
the 13th— 67 deg.

September came in a bit wet, but it
soon dried up, and bees were at it again
hard as ever; but with it keeping so dull,
bees two miles or so from the heather
did not seem to find it at first. I was
bothering all one Sunday ; thought bees
would die for want of something to eat.
The next Saturday they were hanging
out, with a rack of sections full up. I
put a fresh rack on, and lifted the

004

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 16, 1920.

Cluster of bees on top, and they were
Roon busy at work in them. Seven years
ago I did well on the heather. Six years
ago was a better year, but I had no bees
there. I think I have done as well this
year as seven years ago. From two hives
I have taken three dozen well-filled sec-
tions, about 20 partly filled, from one
hive about 30 lbs. in shallow fram.es,
from another about 10 lbs. I intended
showing sections at the Grocers' Exhibi-
tion, but judge my surprise when I saw
the schedule and found all heather classes
cut out. I had never heard a word be-
fore aboait it. The heather was a purple
mass for a whole month; the flow lasted
till the 14th, ten days later than in 1906,
and it was late that year. Some years it
is over a week earlier than it started
this year. It was a great gamble taking
bees up this time; it seemed such a for-
lorn hope. It was August 16 when I took
them, but those slabs of honey in the
brood combs is a sight worth gambling
for. On September 3 I wrote : " A good
bee day on the heather, after two drizzly
days; not much sun, biit very warm and
stiJL" This heather season will be re-
membered for its dull, still days, and N.
to N.E. winds prevailing for over three
weeks. • On the 8th the sun came out very
hot for two hours in the morning, then
it was dull again. While thousands were
sweating and broiling, trying to see the
St. Leger run, I was enjoying myself in
loneliness among the heather bloom and
the bees; and didn't it smell that day!
The wind south, and bees had got the
gallop on proper. With it being dull I
could see them coming down on the wind
fifty yards away from the hives — a per-
fect hailstorm of bees for hours. And
couldn't I see racing there? Of course
1 could, and they roere all winners, too.
My racecourse, not the grassy sward of
Doncaster Moor, where struggling
humanity was trying to get glimpse of
one winner trying to get to a winning-
post first. (I know, for I've been there
twice, what a turmoil it is. My work-
mates who went this time said I had the
host day's outing.) No, for a racecourse
my bees h<id the whole of Beeley and
Harwpod Moors, a mass of purple heather
stretching out for a mile or more on
three sides of the hives; and didn't I
enjoy the Sport! In all my heather ex-
perience I never saw it look more beau-
tiful; such spikes of l)loom, some from
« to 9 inches long, and to keep in full
bloom such a long time. T picked heather
in bloom for ten weeks, and such a variety
of colour. It ran through all the shades
fiom white to a blood-red. The last to.
bloom was a double-bloom kind. I never
knew there was a double bloom till I
came across a patch late this season of

a heliotrope colour. Friend Kettle
thought there was no white Erica. I
have come across both the cinerea and
the tetralix in white.

One never seems to tire of roaming
about these moors when they are in
bloom, as one is always coming across
something interesting. I found a spray
of heather one day with five spikes of
bloom on, the four outer spikes purple,
the centre pure white. From a distance
I thought it was a root of white heather
(and white is rarely seen on Beeley
Moors) ; but no, it was simply the white
spike. I think it was friend Hemming
who said how bees visited cornfields for
honey. I think I solved that problem
for him while on the moors on St. Leger
day. On the moors in places there are
cornfields and clover fields sandwiched in
among the heather. I came across a tur-
nip field — or, rather, it should have been
turnips — but it was a mass of bloom in
three colours. There were charlock
yellow, dodder white, over a foot high,
and a pink flower that grows in a solid
knob — it looks a soliH knob of pink. Up
there they call it " goose tongue," but
I have always known it as " willow
weed." No, it's not the famous willow
herb. I know that, so I got off my bike,
and as I had two hives of bees not a
quarter of a mile from that field (these
were over two miles from the hives on
Beeley Moor) I thought it would be inte-
resting to see how many bees were work-
ing on that lot. I stood looking over the
wall a long time before I saw a bee at
all. At last I spotted one ; but what was
it following so persistently among that
sea of bloom? Not a bee on the charlock,
dodder or willow weed. Still this one
bee was humming contentedly among all
these flowers ; but from where I stood 1
could not se^ what it was working, so
I got over the wall, and this bee was
following a little pink flower that grew
on a kind of bindweed, which by the way
it stuck to it must be a good honey plant.
Sometimes it would be twined around the
pink knob on the willow weed, and though
petals of both flowers were as near alike
as could be, it never touched the willow
weed, so I left it that day, but with the
intention of visiting that field again the
first time the sun shone. Sunday, Sep-
tember 12, was the most glorious bee day
of the whole heather season ; the sun
shone in a cloudless sky the whole day.
With the thermometer at 68 deg. and the
wind south, I went on my wanderings
again. First I tried the moor that was
burnt off last year. The young heather
has grown about 3 inches this year, and
it was in bloom even so small, a perfect
hum of bees in it. Then I tried among
the trees and rhododendrons on the bog ;

Bee. 16, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

605

■ no matter, wherever there was a sprig of
heather in hloom the bees were on it.
Then I knew at the back of the hives
200 yards away was an oat field, with
clover coming into bloom among it. There
were a few bees on it, while beyond it
was this field of weeds, so I got over the
wall at the other end of it from where
I got into it the previous day. There
was more dodder than ever here. I
thought, " Oh. my, if this was a honey
weed, what a feast for bees ! " I did
see a bee on it, that's certain, but it did
not seem to be making much fuss over
it. The charlock, over 2 feet high in
places, contains no honey at this late
season ; not a bee on it. There were a
few humming that beautiful tune that
tells one they are happy and contented,
but they were following that little pink
flower on the bindweed. I thought, now
if that was as thick on the ground as
the dodder there would be a hum. No
doubt in places it grows thick enough,
and, without a doubt, it is a good honey
plant. There it grew on strings about
a foot long ; the seed, when dry, is just
like onion seed. Since then I have come
across it on the next garden to mine
5 feet high up some pea rods, and I know
Bedfordshire onions grew just there last
vear, so I guess it came in the seed : but
I can't say the onion seed came from Bed-
fordshire. The wind was south on only
six days the whole of August and Septem-
ber. There were six sunny days, and ten
other days the sun shone more or less.

On September 26 I was taking a last
look at my bees on the bog when I heard
a rustle among the leaves under a tree,
and out walked a little hedgehog.
" Hello," I said, " what are you after? "
He had evidently been before, as he
seemed to know the run ; he walked
round about one hive front, then he went
to the other, and commenced to eat the
dead bees lying about, making quite a
feast of them. I watched him eat about
a dozen, then he walked on a little
further into the sunshine and curled up
to go to sleep ; quite amusing.
(To he continued.)

Notes from Gretna Green.

Candid Comments. — I don't in the
least mind being severely criticised, but
see no reason to retract my deliberately-
expressed opinions on "waste." l\rr.
Kettle, for instance, has given us a lot
of information on market gardening dur-
ing 1920, this week's yarn and the pre-
vious one being very instructive on the
subject. Yet his contribution this week
ends up with the admission that bees are
more profitable than pigs or poultry, cab^

bages and other vegetables, or even van-
loads of gooseberries. If bees " are the best
on the farm for profit," and Mr. Kettle
wishes to " boom bees as much as pos-
sible," he should talk bees and explain
his methods of working them to best
advantage.

Possibly our Editor won't agree with,
me, but I feel sure that the majority
of British Bee JouKNAii readers would
prefer to hear Mr. Kettle on honey pro-
duction rather than market-garden pro-
paganda.

[We are in a better position than Mr.
Ellis to judge what the majority of our
readers prefer. We are under the im-
pression that we receive more letters on
the subject than Mr. Ellis or anyone else.
—Eds.]

As regards the Editorial comments I
may point out that there is no compari-
son between the British Bee Journal and
our daily newspapers or technical
weeklies.

These are more or less bullty papers
and have ample space for various sub-
jects which can be read or passed over
at discretion.

But the British Bee Journal is a very
small paper, and if the subjects men-
tioned get too mTich space allotted to
them it is evident that legitimate matters
must suffer. In fact, I have before me a
letter from the Editor referring to the
amount of " copy " on hand, some of
which had been held up siTch a long time
that it had become out of date and could
not be used. How can our Editor recon-
cile this "slaughter of the innocents"
with the constant publication of more or
less irrelevant matter in these columns?

[The British Bee Journal is a techni-
cal weekly, and we repeat that the sub-
jects treated are relative to bee-keeping.
We may say that the letter Mr. Ellis
refers to was a private one written some
time ago in reply to a complaint from
him that one of his articles had been
held over. It does occasionally happen
that an article is held over for one that
in our opinion is of more importance,
and possibly for one or two weeks we

'nv have a lot more copy than we can
use, then by the time there is room some
of the matter is out of date. Our regular
weekly contributors nattirally come first.
—Eds.]

" Tiile of WiaM " Disenae. — The remedy
lies in better bees — and better bee-keep-
in o;. I submit that practicnl men have
solved the problem on these lines, and if
the scientists can find anv better way
their efforts will be appreciated. Per-
sonally I have no hesitation in saving
that S. H. Smith has done more to com-
'^it. " Tsle of Wiffht " disease than anv
scientist, and if anv bee-keeper has failed

606

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 16, 1920.

with the Flavine methods let him say so
frankly.

The question is whether Smith and
other practical men have been invited to
give their views in the British Bee
Journal, and, if not, why?

[This is our business. The question
savours of impertinence, and such ques-
tions we do not answer. — Eds.]

Heather Honey Froduction. — I ex-
pected to see some comments on the paper
read by Mr. Price, and hope to give my
own experiences later on, when time per-
mits. AVhatever the reason, heather
men are seldom heard from nowadays.
Dr. Moore Ede (page 596), the " Medi-
cus " of former times, should be able to
give some useful information on the use
of divisible hives at the moors.

Although our bees are hibernating at
this season, bee-keepers should be very
much alive in these pages discussing ways
and means of working their apiaries to
the best advantage when the days come
for honey-gathering. — J. M. Ellis.

Gretna, December 9.

The Season in Aberdeenshire.

G. R. CRUICKSHANK.

In response to the request of the
Editor for contributions from the North
of Scotland, and as a sop (a very small
and imperfectly cooked one) to Mr. J. M.
Ellis, of Gretna Green, I have pleasure
in giving a few notes on the 1920 season
from Aberdeenshire. In spite of adverse
circumstances in the shape of the con-
tinued presence of " I.O.W." — I beg
pardon, Acarine — disease and the abnor-
mally bad season, the Aberdeen and Kin-
cardine Bee-keepers' Association continues
to prosper exceedingly, and is probably
the largest and most prosperous in the
kingdom. This is primarily due to the
tact, enthusiasm, and goodwill of Mr.
Wood, of Glassel, President of the Asso-
ciation, and secondly to the work of the
various District and Branch secretaries,
most of whom give their work and time
ungrudgingly to further the aims of the
Association.

The Association is also blessed in the
number and skill of its experts, among
whom I may mention Miss N. M. Robin-
son, Glassel, and Mr. D. M. Maodonald,
who, although now retired from the ranks
of the teaching profession, is still rjoinrj
strong, and did a large amount of expert
woi-k both this year and last year,
although his facile pen has been rusting
recently.

The year 1920 may at once be written
down in the annals of northern bee-
keepers as surely the worst on record from

a honey-producing point of view. It
began auspiciously with bees taking in
pollen on February 23 (this in my own
apiary), and matters went on hopefully
through spring and early summer. Bee-
keepers looked forward to a fairly good
season. Stocks were, on the whole, strong
(when free from disease), and ready for
the clover, which begins to be available
in Aberdeenshire in an ordinary summer
about June 21. But " the best laid
schemes o' mice an' men," and, may I
add, with little need of apology to
Burns — bees — "gang aft agley."

About the end of June forward stocks
caught the swarming fever. This was
specially marked in some districts. One
careful bee-keeper, in describing the state
of matters to me, said: "I never had
higher hopes of a good .honey crop, but
now, after a fortnight of swarming, why,
I don't know where I am." Other
apiaries showed similar tendencies, and
the mad dance ended more or less dis-
astrously both for bees and. owners. Pos-
sibly this upheaval was caiised partly by
mismanagement of the stocks on the part
of the owners, who failed to keep a little
ahead of the requirements of the bees ;
but the bees did not sense the weather
even twenty-four hours ahead, and went
further out of their reckoning even than
the weather forecasts issued to the daily
papers. The weather broke down in the
beginning of July, just when there was
a rich profusion of white clover showing
in the fields. All through July the
weather remained cold, dull, and cheer-
less, with so low a temperature that for
days on end bees did not venture far
from the hives to gather honey, and I
expect that owing to the continued low
temperature, which was often only about
50 deg. Fahrenheit, there was only a
very limited secretion of nectar in the
white clover. Moreover, a chill, persis-
tent north-westerly wind kept blowing,
and the hours of sunshine and warmth
were few and far between.

(To he continued.)

Swarm in Hedge.

I have pleasure in enclosing two
photos of a " swarm " which have
been in the hedge for at least six weeks.
The bees had built several large combs,
some of which contained brood, but very
little honey. The hedge was a very thick
thorn one, and almost hid the bees from
.sight, hencd the owner (Mr. Jones, seen in
the picture) did not know anything about
them until he noticed one day when pass-
ing along some small pieces of comb which
had got detached and fallen to the

Dec. 16, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

607

ground. As Mr. Jones did not feel equal
to tackling them, he sent to see if I could
help him, which I gladly did, and for the
benefit of readers of the British Bee
Journal, I give my " modus operandi."
Having made a portion of the hedge level
on top I placed a skep, supported on four
flat battens, over the bees, leaving two
stems just long enough to reach inside
the skep. Next I cut away the branches
around the bees, and began "driving"
in the ordinary way. It was delightful
and interesting to those who were watch-
ing to see how quickly the little creatures
marched up, using the two stems I had
left for them. During the process I had

A Few More Notes.

[10348] I quite agree with the re-
marks of Mr. J. M. Ellis in last week's
issue. Less about horticulture, and more
about bee-keeping, is what I should like
to read on taking up B.B.J. I greatly
miss the contributions of D. H. M. Back
numbers, many of them, are invaluable,
and I have much of the contents of them

Mr. Jones Indicating the Swarm.

to take ofE one or two of the outside
combs, which were breaking away, and
to my surprise " her ladyship " was on
the second comb. She never attempted
to fly; I took her off very quietly and
gently placed her in the skep. Now,
how the swarm survived the awful wet
weather we had for weeks I cannot
imagine.

To-day it is reposing in a W.B.C.

hive on nine combs, Mr. Jones very

kindly making me a present of them for

my trouble (?); it was really a pleasure.

Alex. Carson, Aintree.

[We are sorry the other photo, was
not suitable for reproduction. — Eds.]

indexed up in a note-book for handy
reference, but lately very little has
appeared worth noting.

With so many new bee-keepers, reprints
of the articles by the late Editor,
" Hints for Novices," would be useful to
many.

We have a Bee-keeping Association in
Kent which has, I think, swarmed and
swarmed like an Italian stock, and I
fancy has suffered accordingly. A
monthly periodical is issued, announcing
shows, etc., which comes to hand after
these have taken place. There is no
expert who systematically visits in spring
and autumn the members' hives, and I

608

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 16, 1920.

do not know how its members, so many
of them beginners, are to be assured in
good time that their hives are in good
condition or not!

This season has been a trying one, a
glut of honey quite early crowding out
brood chambers, and little or none since ;
Italian queens introduced and disappear-
ing shortly afterwards; sugar prices pro-
hibitive, with permits for large amounts
from a Government which wants to un-
load its stocks; and now a mild winter,
during which bees are rapidly consuming
candy at Is. 6d. per lb.

I commenced the season with three
stocks. One died with F.B., but with
natural and artificial increases got up
to 13, but, limiting, have closed down
with seven stocks of Italian and two
English, which I hope will pull through
and do well next season.

Although I did not get a great lot of
honey this season I got a splendid crop
of all kinds of fruit, especially apples,
which was quite the exception round here,
and I put it down to the useful work
done by my bees in the early spring. I
visited the Kent Honey Show in the
summer, but was disappointed with the
exhibits; I suppose increased railway
rates have something to do with the poor
show. An exhibit I was intending to
show, for fixing on W.B.O. ends, has
now been improved on, and has been
registered at the Patent Office by Mr.
Hodson, of Appledon, Kent. I think it
a good suggestion that contributors, when
commenting on their season's work,
should notify their locality. — Eev. H.
Newman, Kennardington Rectory, Kent.

Peculiar Behaviour of Bees.

[10349] I record the following pecu-
liar behaviour of a stock of Italian
hybrids that I purchased this last June.
Perhaps some other readers of the B.B.J.
have had a similar experience and can
give an explanation of this most un-
usual occurrence?

The stock, which was a six-frame one.
came by rail, and was immediately '/n
arrival transferred from the travelling
box to a W.B.C. hive. While transfeir-'^jg
the frames I looked for the queen, but
could not find her. There were large
patches of brood, but no sign of any eggs.
Thinking I had possibly overlooked her
in the quick examination made of the
combs I put a feeder on, and decided to
examine again in a week's time. The
weather being bad, it was impossible to
open the hive for about a fortnight.
When I did no trace of the queen could
hq found, but three queen cells had been
built, all on one comb; two were m n

patch of worker brood and one in a patch
of drone. I wrote the firm from whom
the stock was obtained that it was queen-
less; they immediately dispatched a fer-
tile queen, which I put over the feed
hole, in the travelling box, after pre-
viously cutting out the queen cells. Two
days later I found the queen dead in
front of the hive. A government queen
happened to be sent me at that time. I
introduced it the same way as the other,
over the feed hole. This one also was
found dead in front of the hive. A
virgin of my own was then put in by the
direct introduction method, but this also
proved a failure, the dead queen being
found the following morning. As a last
hope I intended to add a comb of eggs
from another stock. Before this was
done, however, a stray swarm settled in
one of my pear-trees. This I captured
and that evening added to the queenless
stock. This was done without any pre-
vious preparation whatever; there was no
attempt at fighting, and the queen, who
must have been a fertile one, was
apparently accepted, for within a very
short time breeding was going on apace,
and when they were packed down for the
winter there was an abundance of stores
in the brood chamber but very little sur-
plus. The ways of bees are truly
mysterious. I suppose there must have
been some method in their madness, the
madness being probably caused by the
vile weather we experienced at that time.
— H. E. Newton.

Acarine Disease.

[10350] Let us welcome the late dis-
coveries of Dr. Rennie. There seems no
doubt that he is on the right track, so
many peculiarities of the disease are
understood now to the bee-keeper by the
important results of his investigations.
With regard to the earlier Nosema
apis theory as the cause, once again it
should teach us not to take anything for
a fact, however great a man the dis-
coverer may be, till it is proved a fact
by our own reason and practice. So with
this; now let Nosema apis die with
the name " Isle of Wight " disease. ^ It
is my opinion the disease is slowly dying
out, perhaps because it has not such
masses of weak, inter-bred bees to feed
on; in any case, it has a hard subject
to deal with in the hybrid Dutch-Italian.
We find the disease now not so fatal.
Still, I have no doubt whatever that it is
the old malady, whatever fancy name we
call it — crawling disease or what else. The
qiieen is the last to be affected, we have
read. But why does a young queen help

Dee. 16, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

609

so in putting things right, and why is
it that it is mostly swarms with the old
queens which give way to disease? The
answer without doubt is the queen.
Speaking of queens and their relation to
disease, we have to remember they have
different structure and habits to the
worker; therefore they perhaps do not
show the same symptoms as the worker,
which is the case. As we now know, the
diseased worker is prevented from flying
because of the air sacks and spiracles
being choked by the tarsonemus mite.
She can only discharge the faeces when
on the wing, so it is plain to see her
doom. But it is different with the queen;
she has muscular action independent of
the pressure of the air sack, so that she
needs not to fly to discharge the fseces.
So it is seen the queen has much more
hopes of living on, but is it not probable
she may be infested with germs of dis-
ease, and still breathe on, becoming a sort
of germ carrier for the colony? We can
now understand better how the spray has
been so successful, the bee gets the
remedy direct to disease-laden air sacks
by breathing it in vapour form. I my-
self have had the most success with spray-
ing over and between the combs with
Yadil, and closing down again after the
bees are properly stinred up and breath-
ing hard. I fail to see how feeding can
do good unless through the evaporation
of the syrup while in the comb. In fact,
I think medicated candy may do harm
by giving the bees cause to fly in un-
favourable weather. May I be forgiven
if I have made the same mistake as some
I have criticised in my remarks, by being
too definite in my statements. But as
a young bee-keeper who has had to fight
the disease almost the whole time I have
kept bees, and in spite of the present
2-oz. honey season have still a bit of the
bee-fever left, may I be excused? Also,
for touching on this important siibject,
disease? What more important subject
can Dr. Abushady find? I am sure we
all are expectantly waiting for the full
report from Dr. Rennie's investigations,
but in the meantime we cannot let it
alone. — Bernard Toavler, Peterboro'.

**Acarine Disease" or "Acarinis"?

[10351] With reference to the pro-
posal to change the name of " Isle of
Wight" disease to " Acarine disease," it
would be more convenient to use the one
word " Acarinis " instead of alwavs
having to repeat the word "disease."—
"W. B. WALLArE.

Gotswold Honey.

A wonder here, for in this tiny jar
The essence of a thousand acres rests,
Urged by our hundred million distant

star
From fountains of a million floral breasts.
Comes splendid June— behold the happy

ibees
With merry hiim the amorous dew imbibe
Of sainfoin, sweetest of the clover tribe^
With wild white clover of wide-spreading

leas.
The purple beckons, where the children

climb
Up to blue heaven on the common's slope ;
Some few enthusiasts trace the scented

hope.
And prime each vessel with a dash of

thyme,
Lift but the cap to all this summer bliss.
The peerless captive greets you with a

kiss.

G. G. D.

A Dorset Yarn.

FROM KENT.

Oh, for an apiary in Dorset fair !
Near Violet Farm, or roundabout there.
Where hees (so they tell us) huy land,

or pay rent.
Alas! Mr. E., it's not so in Kent.

There nectarous flowers in bright array
Bloom in sweet sequence day by day;
The honey-flow lasts six months of the

year,
Keepers of bees of success never fear.

Sections are worked from centre to rim,
Cappings snow-white, full up to the

brim,
Supers are piled up, one, two, and

three.
Squire T. removes them ; love only the

fee.

The raspberry flowers in the autumn

late,
Wliile virgins fly, and ne'er miss their

mate.
Golden swarms issue, and instantly

settle,
Without tanging pots, or rattling a

kettle.

At the end of the season full stores are

then found ;
(No feeding makeshift at eighteen the

pound).
So all is contentment, with industry

rife.
Dear Dorset Yarner, how I envy your

life !

Wrens.

610

THE BBITI8H BEE JOUBNAL.

Dec. 16, 1920.

Combs from Other Hives.

The Bee-Keeping Parson.

A Way to Solve a Tragic Waqeb

Difficulty.
By Tickner Edivardes.
The country parson of olden days, as
pictured for us by Goldsmith— clad in a
dirty overall, and giving his pigs their
wash just before hastening to church — ^has
always struck me as an unseemly, even a
repulsive figure. But if, as some believt
is now inevitable, the church clergy must
either find some additional means of live-
lihood or starve, the only solution, in
rural districts at least, appears to be the
adoption of some kind of farming pursuit
easily carried on in the intervals of paro-
chial duty.

As the Bishop of Willesden suggests, it
may be possible for the town clergy to en-
gage in educational work during their
spare time, and thus eke out their all too
slender stipends. But this is not practi-
cable in the country. What the rural
clergy need is a clean, honest, not over-
laborious occupation, which they can turn
to at odd hours of the week-day, and upon
which they can depend for, say, an addi-
tional hundred pounds a year. If this
could be assured, we should hear no more
about the poverty of the clergy, in coun-
try districts at least; and an end would be
made to a public discussion alike offen-
sive to every parish priest whose heart is
in his high calling, and degrading to the
whole body of the Church.

What can a country parson do in this
matter? Must he wallow in pig-sties, oi
get his black clothes hopelessly fluffy in
clamorous poultry-pens, or dig for dear
life m a potato-patch? These things may
be good and profitable enough, and I know
several parsons who do succeed by these
means in turning a starvation into a liv-
ing wage, in spite of the ancient ecclesias-
tical embargo on such work. But it is
neither good for a clergyman nor for the
dignity^ of his calling to be seen about his
parish in miry raiment, carrying buckets
of pig-wash or carting garden produce to
the railway station.

There is a means of additional liveli-
hood which every country vicar and curate
may at once take up— ^an occupation light,
clean interesting, undeniably profitable,
which if carried through on business lines
will not fail to add the " little more "that
makes all the difference between uncer-
tainty and surety in the yearly task of
making ends meet.

As a life-long dweller in the country,
and one specially interested in the craft,
1 have always wondered why the parsons

do not all keep bees. The vicarage gar-
den is generally an ideal place in which
to establish an apiary. Properly man-
aged and installed, bees should need prac-
tically no attention at all during half the
year, and the little they do require while
the honey season lasts can be bestowed
upon them at odd times in the day.

As to the profit, there is no question. We
have only to look at the market prices for
honey and wax nowadays to realise that
there must be money in it for someone.
And this someone need never be the
middleman.

Bee-keeping is essentially a local indus-
try. Every country district can and ought
to supply only the consumers in its imme-
diate area. The trouble in recent years
is that the supply of village-produced
honey has steadily decreased, and so the
local demand has been as steadily throttled
almost to exinction.

This almost universal neglect, however,
of what was once an important rural in-
dustry surely provides the underpaid
country parson with a way out of his pre-
sent difficulties. Why cannot the coun-
try clergy become the bee-masters of our
villages? Apiculture is a pursuit hal-
lowed by the ages. The old religious
houses all had their garden-nooks full of
beehives, and honey was regularly sold by
the monasteries, the wax being used to
make altar candles. Some of the most
famous bee-masters in early times were
monks. The latter-day village priest would
therefore be only following one of the
most ancient traditions of his church if
he revived the practice of bee-keeping as
an adjunct to clerical revenue.

Only — to come down to hard ma£ter of
fact — it must always be remembered that
honey and wax production constitute a
business, and must be taken up in a prac-
tical business-like way. The craft must
be learnt, like any other craft worth learn-
ing.

And how is the hard-working, homekeep-
ing country parson to pick up the neces-
sary knowledge? Above all, how is he to
find the small but indispensable amount of
capital wherewith to make a beginning in
the craft? Well, here is a practical sug-
gestion, and I respectfully commend it to
the Bishop of Willesden and his co-digni-
taries in the Church. Let each diocese
employ a competent instructor in apicul-
ture, give him a bee-van equipped with
all needful appliances for demonstration,
and let him go the round of the village
parishes, supplying the requisite informa-
tion and assistance to incumbents and
others willing and ready to take up the
pursuit.

And let there be a loan available from

Dec. 16, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

611

the Diocesan Fund to all who need it, for
the provision of the necessary equipment
and live-stock, repayable by easy instal-
ments out of future profits. If this plan
were carried out systematically through-
out the country, I believe that it would
not only help materially to change a state
of affairs which is nothing less than a
tragic scandal, but it would end in saving
for the people tons of valuable sweet food
which, for want of bees to gather it, is at
present going to waste. — From the Daily
Chronicle.

Deadly Bees.

Dr. J. 0. Beven reports in the Lancet
published to-day a terrifying experience
of a doctor, his wife and daughter in
Ceylon. When climbing the rock fortress
of Sigiri the party were attacked and
badly stung by rock bees, and forced to
undertake a dangerous descent while still
being tormented. Two of the sufferers
collapsed, manifesting unexpected and
alarming symptoms which suggested some
special poison in the bees' venom.

In a short time the patients recovered,
but the incident has attracted the atten-
tion of experts, who incline to the view
that the rock bees' poison, while contain-
ing formic acid, like the venom of ants
and ordinary bees, has in addition a
peculiar toxic substance which produces
severe shock. It is probable, also, that
repeated stings confer immunity upon the
person stung — a statement that awaits
proof by some devoted naturalist who will
submit to the experiment. — From the
Daily Dispatch, October 23;.

Mes. Andrews (.Bucks).— Using old candy.— The
candy that was bought last year will not have
lost any of its nutritive qnalitiee. If it was
medicated the medicine may have lost its power,
or the candy may have become too hard. Id
the latter case we have found that keeping the
hard candy in a damp atmoephere for a short
time will remedy the defect.

E. WiLLOTJGHBY (Lincs.).— l/siwff Creosote inside
hives.— The creosote is good for preserving the
wood, and may act as a disinfectant to some
extent, but the smell is very objectionable to
bees. It will almost all pase off after some
months, but there always appears to be a little
odour left, which will be stronger in the presence
of warmth.

P. L. Danoae (Surrey).— t78tn£7 sealed comb honey
for feeding.— The combs may be laid over the
feed hole instead of candy, but provision must
be made for the bees to have access to the whole
of both faces of the comb— say, a raised grid of
wire, or wire netting, under it, covering the
whole with a box. A little contrivance we hope
to illustrate next Week would be useful for the
purpose.

Suspected Disease.

P. J. D. (Prescot).- We failed to find either
Nosema or Tarsonemus in the bees sent.

Displayed Advertisement Bates.

Britiah Bee Journal or Bee-keepers' Record.

£ 8. d.

Full page 4 0 0

Half page 2 10 0

One-third page 1 16 0

Quarter page 1 12 0

1^ in. across page 17 0

1 in across page 0 18 0

^ in. across page ... 0 10 0

li in. single column ... .. 0 15 0
1 in. single column 0 10 0

^ in. single column 0 6 0

Discount for a series of conseculive displayed

advertisements : — Six insertions, 2^ per cent. ;

Twelve insertiona, 5 per cent. ; Twenty-six,
15 per cent. ; Fifty-two, 30 per cent.

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at IJd. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 5s. per iin., or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach ut NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Jourruil " the same w*ek.

PKIVATE ASVEltTXSZlMBlfTS.

GOOD GLAZIER'S DIAMOND, perfect, 86. 9d.—
HUBBORD, Northkilworth, Rugby. k.l32

WANTED, Geared Extractor, two-frame, rever-
sible; also Uncapping Knife. Depoeit.— Box
112, B.B.J. OfBce, 23, Bedford Street, Straiia,
W.C.2. k£31

WHITE LEGHORNS (Barron's 6train).-Sit-
tings of Eggs, 12s. 6d.; delivery January,
February, March.— MRS. HOWARD LEE, Bowden,
Burgess Hill, Sussex. r.k.130

TWO 20 lbs. splendid Honey, heather blend,
guaranteed, screw-cap bottles, also 20 lbs.
Sainfoin Honey, screw-cap bottlee, 26. 8d. lb., car-
riage paid passenger train; boxes returnable.- .\.
WILLMOTT. Apiarist, Higham Ferrers, Northants.

k.l25

BEE-KEEPER wanted to take charge of apiary
of 24 hives immediat-ely.— GORDON, Tedfold,
Billingshurst, Sussex. kJ.34

OUR ALLIES.— In the Department de la Meuse
alone the Huns destroyed, plundered, or stole
25,000 bar-frame hives and 15,000 skepe of bees.—
SMITH, Cambridge. k.l25

WANTED, Handy Man who understands bees,
horses, and can do rough joinering. State
waees expected.— YOUNG, 42, James Street, Cam-
bridge. r.kJlT

FOR SALE, cheap, five good hives Bee©, chain-
geared Extractor, etc., £15; to be removed by
purchaser.— G. SARGAN, Ravenfield, Rotherham,
Torkfl. k.lOO

IRISH HONEY, 14 lb. 28s., 28 lb. 53s., S6 lb.
1069.; also Section Honey, 303. and 33a. dozen.
— S. CRAWFORD, Apiaxles, Castledorg, Co.
Tyrone. kJ01

612

THE BKITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 16, 1920.

WILLOW HEEB" completes the bee
garden; twelve 23. 6d.— BOWEN, Cotswold
Apiariee, Cheltenham. k..ll3

OBSERVATORY HIVE wanted, second-hand, to
hold three frames and eections; modern
pattern; revolving and feeder. — " Y.," "Menken
Hadley," Braintree. k.lo,>

PURE LIGHT CAMBRIDGE HONEY (guaran-
teed), 14-lb. tins, 303.; 28-lb. tins, 57s. 6d., car-
riage paid.— YOUNG, 42, James Street, Cambridge.

r.k.84

PRIME HAMPSHIRE HONEY, in 28-lb. tins,
50s. per tin, free on rail, carriage forward.—
TRUEMAN, Harroway Road, Andover. k.l04

SAINFOIN HONEY.— We have i ton of thia
fine Honey, put up in nominal 14-lb. tins,
which were sent us by a honey buyer who failed
to pay for his order. These packages average
141 lbs. gross weight, and we offer them at 33s.
each, carriage paid.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. k.l05

GOOD ENGLISH HONEY, granulated, 28-lb.
cans, Is. lid. per lb., carriage paid; sample
6d.— PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough.

» I

NOW BOOKING ORDERS, delivery January,
February, March, £2 sittings of Eggs and
Day-old Chicks (Barron's), White Leghorns, Brown
Leghorns; White and Pawn and White Runner
Ducks, White Wyandottes, eittings 10s. 6d. to
35s. a dozen. Chicks double.— MRS. M. ANDER-
SON, Poultry Dept., Hermitage Poultry Farm,
High Hurstwood, Sussex. Manager : Miss M. D.
Sillar. k.93

CORRESPONDENCE Couiees in Bee-keeping.—
H. E. NEWTON, Hobart Road, New Milton,
Hants. r.k.69

BUSINESS ABVERTISEMIiNTS.
Isd. per word.

IMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS FOR I921.-List
on application.— PEARSON & GALE, Marl-
borough. r.k.88

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy.— Addre&s,
E. PENNA, Bologna, Italy. Prist List for 1921
on application. r.k.xisi

BEE BOOKS FOR CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.—
You can get the Books of the leading
authorities in this and other countries from E. J.
BURTT, Stroud Road, Gloucester. Special List
free on receipt of a postcard. k.l20

I

FLA VINE BEE CANDY, made in Cambridge and
the wrappers bear our name, 6 lbs., 10s., post
paid.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's Causeway, Cam-
bridge. k.l24

9ar>l-j -qSnoJoqiJBM 'aiVQ ? NOSHVad

— "1861 JOj suMnJ) puB ssag; jo enSoi'EiBg. q(
po'jBj'jsnn.i Aiau mo joj ^luo a'flVOXSOd GNHO

"TT7IGHT" DISEASE.— Prevention and removal.

TT Advice 5s.— A LP. EYALL, Cottage Farm,

near Camp, Stroud. r.j.5

ENSURE A GOOD HONEY CROP next year by
purchasing one of our noted 6-frame Italian
Stocks. Illustrated Catalogue free on application.
—PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. r.k.l28

CARNIOLAN, or Camiolan-Italian crosses, are
famous honey producers. Book now, Queens
or Nuclei. Isolated apiaries for pure mating.—
SWAFFIBLD, Camiolan Specialist, Libertus Villas,
Cheltenham. k.l33

IMPORTANT !— In spite of the increased cost of
appliances and carriage, we are offering our
celebrated 6-frame Stocks at reduced prices. Cata-
logue free on application.— PEARSON & GALE,
Marlborough. r.k.l29

KEEP IN TOUCH with modern bee-keeping
thought by reading the bee-keeping journals.
I shall be pleased to book orders for " Gleanings
in Bee Culture," 7s. per year; " The American Bee
Journal," 10s. per year; " L'Apiculture Francaise,"
3s. 6d. per year, each monthly and post paid. —
E. J. BURTT, Stroud Road, Gloucester. k.lW

ONEY FOE FEEDING BEES.— Finest West

Indian. Case of one tin, 56 lbs. net., 61s. 6d.;

case of four tins, each 7 lb. net, 359. 9d.; carriage

paid 100 miles.— LONDON TEADING AGENCY,

32, St. Mary Axe, E.C.3. Tel. : Avenue 3883. k.l22

S. SECURES 6 lbs. superb Candy.— BOWER,
Apiaries, Cheltenham. k.ll4

9

MASHEATH MEMS.—" Been painting the Maa-
heath. Man, it's a grand bee-box f The
longer I look at it the mole convinced I am that
it is absolutely 'it.' It ought to sell like hot
cakes. A man with any pride ia his apiary haa
only to see it to purchase.— A. L."— ATKINSON,
Pakenham. r.k.97

A WELL-ESTABLISHED FIRM wishes to he^r
of bee-keepers who would guarantee to supply
them with Nuclei May-June next.— Box 107, B.B.J
OfBce, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. r.J.42-

EES AND QUEENS FOR 1921.— Send for our
new Illustrated Catalogue, free on applica-
tion.—PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. r.k.l27

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and rofexenco.
Specimen copy free.— Otfcee : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

Finest Grade New Zealand Honey

(Amber)

For Bee Feeding. Guaranteed Pure.

Cases, each 2-60 lb. nominal Tins.

95/- per cwt. Carriage paid.

Cash with order or on receipt of goods.

N.B. We are already supplying Beekeepers

Associati )ns throughout the Country and

shall be pleased to quote references.

The Bristol and Dominions Producers,
Association, Ltd., Bristol.

The products of the Apiary, of
Pouhry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAR, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper.
Get a Copy— Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
*' Bazaar " publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
ViINDSOR HOUSE, Breams BuUdioss, LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers' Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. HEKBOX>-HI:MCPSAI.Ii, 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, I«iidon, W.C.S.

r>ec. 16, 19^0. THE BBITISH BBB JOtJBNAL. m_

" American Bee Journal '' specification Tested three banded Italians.

DIRECT from ITALY.

^^ HP < May & June July & Aug. Sept.

^%/a.EMe^'' 13/. 12/. 10/- each.

Sole Agent : H. M. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue, PAISLEY, Scotland

1920 — QUEENLAND LIST — 1921

In reply to many requests coming in for our Premier White Star Queens for the Season 1921, we

beg to state that early delivery may not be offered, as a certain number of orders have been

carried over (by request) from previous season for first 1921 delivery, in consequence of the

unfavourable weather for queen-mating.

Our Premier White Star Nucleus Stocks

will be offered as usual, and at former price ; but the charges for Queens have been revised, and
include the offer of well-bred and selected Virgin Queens of this renowned strain.

Full Queenland Descriptive Circular 4d., The Revised List only (to those having 1920 List, 2d..

post free,

Of S. SIMMINS, QUEENLAND, HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

(t ^^^ ^ ^^1^^^ r* 1^% ^^V W " The cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight" Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain

or unpleasant odour.

rUK DILIl.b BACIEROL LIMITED

2/9 per Bottle. Post Free. 19/25, Brooktide Rd.. Highgate. N.19.

RACTEROI

^^ J^ ^.TT*\^^^ Made in our own factory by bee-keepeis for bee-keepers.
• ^ /\ ^U 11 jf 6 lbs. post free 8 6 10 lbs. post free 13/6

^^^ *^^ ^k^ "^ Guaranteed from Pure White Refined Cane Sugar.

Miss Chester-Master's Patent Candy Box, 4/6 each. Postage extra 9d.

S. J. BALDWIN. The Apiary. BROMLEIY, RENT.

SAVE MONEY this winter by making up your own
hives. Particulars of wood cut ready to make up
into hives will be sent free on receipt of a post card.

E. J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER

WHY ¥%UY from ^>

ORRY I/RITAIN'S fl

HILE r^EST ■

INTERING ? JL^EES ^^

LARIDGE,
OPFORD,

Near
OLCHESTER.

1921 Enlarged Price List Now in Print, Make Sure of Your Copy.

F. M. CLARIDGE, COPFORD, Near COLCHESTER.

THE BRITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Dec. 16, 1920.

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR PRIZES
at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at Aberdeen, thus
testifying to the superiority of our goods. Orcler now at catalogue
prices and save money.

SOFT BEE CANDY.

Have you tried our Famous Bee Candy ? If not, you should send
for a trial order now. It is made from PURE WHITE CANE
SUGAR and is PERFECTION.

PRICES—

1 lb, at 1/5, postage 9d., 6 lbs. at 9/6 post free,

10 lbs. at 15/6 post free.

Can be had medicated or not, as required.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appli ance Makers,
WORMIT, FIFE.

Telegrams :— " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormit.

r.l

BE^E> OANDY.

WE are now able to supply CANDY OF OUR
OWN MAKE from guaranteed Pure White
Refined Cane Sugar. In 1-lb. boxes with glass tops.
It can be bad plain or medicated with either " Yadil "
or "Bacterol.**

REDUCED PRICES:
lib. - 1/5 per lb.

61b. - 9/6, post free.
lOIb. - 15/6, post free.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex.

jyNNNggglilgggyyyyyNNNN^

Printkd b^ the Avknuk PiiFsa (L. Upcott GiLi/ & Son, Ltd.), 55-57, Drury Lane, London, W.C. and

PUBLISHLD FOP TDg PROPRIETOR (W HeRR OD-HEMPSAtL). BV SiMPKlN. MARSHALL. HAMILTON,

Kbnt & Co.. Ltd., 31 & 32, pATERNOBirR Row, E.C.

luiTiafl See J'otJtiNAL and fiEB-KEEPERs' Advisee, IJecemW 2I, i^j().

liegd

TW.C<

ow&.n
Herrod
Hempsall.

Cknd

FES.

adviser/ W'i'^MT.

o^ckly Journal Devoted ^o //^y<n,iJ-
the Interests oj ^^^013.]^^

Bce-Keepers.

No. 2009. Vol. XLVIII DECEMBER 23, 1920. \TuhU»)iti every ThuTBday. Price 8d.

CO >f rr js N rr s .

PAGE

Review 613

Vitamines 613

Jottings from Huntingdonshire 614

Bee Notes from Derbyshire 615

North Cheshire Notes 616

The Dawn of Knowledge 616

Tanging ^ 617

A Correction Accepted 618 .

paob
British Bee-keepers' Association—

Monthly Meeting of Council 619

Special (Jeneral Meeting 619

Surrey Bee-keepers' Association 619

Somerset Bee-keepers' Association 620

Correspondence — •

"Candid" Critics 620

A Bee-keeper's Oood Fortune 620

Producing Heather Honey 621

The Production of Heather Honey 622

We should like to take this opportunity of wishing
our numerous customers and all those interested in

THE^ BEE • INDUSTRY

H

♦ ♦ ♦ ^\ ♦ ♦ ♦

and a Prosperous Honey Season in

1921.

Xmas is a season of giving presents, and the Bees
should not be forgotten. A Cake of Taylor's Pink Candy
will ensure for them a happy and contented Xmas.

E. H. TAYLOR, Ltd., "Si!'

ii THE BBrilSH BEE JOtTfiNAL. Bee. 2^, 1020.

^^S L'CUs^

# '

" American Bee Journal '' specification Tested three banded Italians.

DIRECT from ITALY.

^^ mm " May & June July & Aug. Sept.

^^^/iLEW^e^" 13/- 12/- 10/- each.

Sole Agent : H. M. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue, PAISLEY, Scotland

1920 — QUEENLAND LIST— 1921

In reply to many requests coming in for our Premier White Star Queens for the, Season 1921, we

beg to state that early delivery may not be offered, as a certain number of orders have been

carried over (by request) from previous season for first 1921 delivery, in consequence of the

unfavourable weather for queen-mating.

Our Premier White Star Nucleus Stocks

will be offered as usual, and at former price ; but the charges for Queens have been revised, and
include the offer of well-bred and selected Virgin Queens of this renowned strain.

Full Queenland Descriptive Circular 4d., The Revised List only (to those having 1920 List, 2d.,

post free,

Of S. SIMMINS, QUEENLANJ), HEATHFIELD, SUSSEX.

(i v*^^ A ^^I^V^ W^ 1^\ ^^\ V " The^ cure for. and preventive of>

"^'"" ' ■-■*«»■ "Isle of Wight Disease.

Non-poisonous — free from stain
or unpleasant odour.

FOR BEES BACIEROL LIMITED

2/9 per Bottle. Post Free. 19/25. Brookside Rd.. Highgate, N.19.

RACTERO!

^^ A '^ y -w-^ "w^ Made in our own factory by bee-keepers for bee-keepers.

§ ljL I^ I J jL 6 ^^^- P°=^ ^^^^ 8'® ^^ ^^^' P^s^ ^"""^^ 15/^

^■•^« ^^ * ^ ^^ ^" Guaranteed from Pure White Refined Cane Sugar.

Miss Chester-Master's Patent Candy Box, 4/6 each. Postage extra gd.

S. J. BALDWIN, The Apiary, BROMLE,Y, HENT.

SAVE MONEY this winter by making up your own
hives. Particulars of wood cut ready to make up
into hives will be sent free on receipt of a post card.

£• J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER

INSURE YOUJR STOCKS

AGAINST "I.O.W." AND OTHER INFECTIONS.

Science has now placed within reach of every Apiarist a safe
and certain preventive of infection in "Yadil" Antiseptic.
For SPRING FEEDING "Yadil" may be added freely to Syrup.
For DISINFECTING Bees and Combs a five-per-cent. solution in tepid water
should be used with a fine spray.

ASK FOR GREEN LABEL.
Our Bee Brochure sent Free on Application.

CLEMENT & JOHNSON, 19, Sicilian Avenue* W.C.I.

Dec. 23. 19120.

THE BRKISH BEE JOUKKAL.

613

Review.

Wintering Bees in Canada, by F. W. L.
Sladeii (Bulletin No. 43, Dominion of
Canada, Department of Agriculture,
Ottawa). The author, who is well known
in this country by his work and residence
among us, and is now Dominion apiarist,
discnsbes in this bulletin the proiblem of
the preservation of bees during winter in
Canada, much of which is equally applic-
able to this country. He says the long
and cold winter in many parts of Canada
is not so hard on bees as might be
imagined, and in some respects wintering
is easier than in a mild country like Eng-
land, or in the Southern States. This is
because the ibees rest more completely dur-
ing the winter in Canada. Few condi-
tions are more trying to bees than those
encountered in i;he British Isles during
February, March and April, when they
wear themselves out and die by hundreds
in raising a little brood and flying out to
visit the - early flowers in the chilly,
changeable weather. The same conditions
occur in Vancouver Island. In most parts
of Canada wintering bees is much easier,
as their rest continues undisturbed until
some time in April, after which the long,
warm days come quickly and enable the
bees to breed up fast and become strong
in a short time. Mr.. Sladen says that
the requirements for succes-sful wintering
are : —1st, Strong, that is tO' say, populous
colonies consisting mainly of young bees ;
2nd, an abundant supply of wholesome
stores in tlie combs; and 3rd, adequate
protection from cold. By young bees ho
means those that have done little or no
field work, but they should have liad at
least one flight before winter. He thinks
these bees should be raised principally in
August and early September, which can
be attained by having in the hive a queen
raised not later than the middle or end
of July. For winter stores he thinks
clover honey excellent, and bees will also
winter well on alsike and buckwheat
honey, while dandelion and some of the
honeys gathered late in the season have
proved unwholesome. Unripe honey, fruit
juices and lioney-dcw are verj^ injurious.
For protection he recommends the four
colony winter case, which takes four hives
en bloc, usually back to back. It uses less
material per colony, than cases made to
take only one or two hives, and each
colony is wiarraed on two sides by its
neighbours. Mr. Sladen advises, in pre-

paring for wintering in this way, to bring
the colonies together gradually, so as not
to lose bees during the shifting. Care
must be taken to have the flight holes
in the cases opposite the entrances of the
hives, and at least a foot apart. The
space between hives and cases can be
packed with day leaves or planer shav-
ings. By this method breeding begins
earlier than when the bees are wintered
in the cellar. Wintering in cellars is fully
discussed, but it is not applicable to our
country where the changes of temperature
in winter are so great and so sudden.
Anyway, the pamphlet gives a good deal
of information useful to bee-keepers m
other countries. The illustration shows
the colonies of bees wintered on the prin-
ciple described, embedded in snow.

"Vitamines": A New Scientific
Term Popularly Explained.

From a WeeJdy Bulletin of General Ser-
vice Issued by the Ministrt/ of Agriculture.

The word " vitamine " is much used
nowadays in treatises on the feeding of
animals. Doctors, teo, have begun to use
the expression in connection with human
nutrition, and it may be opportune to
attempt a popular explanation of the
term.

It is now some time since men of science
turned their attention to nutrition, with
the result- that considerable advances have
been made in knowledge. It is on the
basis of these discoveries that the existing
law regulating the sale of feeding stuffs
was framed. We know, for example, what
ingredients of food go, in the main, to
the formation of muscle, or meat, and
what constituents serve simply as fuels,
supplying the energy necessary for carry-
ing on the machinery of life. A living
being is to some extent like a steam en-
gine deriving energy from fuel. On this
basis foods can be classified, and for long
it .was thought that the value of a food
could be .assessed merely on the basis of
the percentage composition of such sub-
stances as " albuminoids," and " carbo-
hydrates," names, which, roughly corre-
spond to flesh-forming substances and fuel
providers.

Practical men, however, have never been
satisfied completely with this classifica-
tion. They find that certain foods, for
example, linseed, have a value above that
expressed in terms of their chemical
analyses, and this opinion is reflected in
market prices. Linseed cake .generally
commands a higher price than other varie-
ties. This fact has not escaped the notice
of scientific men, and an explanation has
long been sought. It is not suggested

614

M:fi BUmsS BSE JOtBNAL.

Bee. ^3, 19'iO.

that the discoveries connected with, the
presence of vitamines in foods provide
an explanation of all the facts known to
practical men, but it is undoubted that
new facts have been discovered which go
to show that the value of foods may de-
pend on the presence of substances other
than the regulation albuminoids, carbo-
hydrates, etc. Now what are these new
discoveries? They consist in the finding
in nearly all natural foods, i.e., in un-
cooked fruits, seeds, herbage, etc., of small
quantities of accessory food substances —
substances which are essential to the
healtfiy growth of animals. The best-
known example relates to human nutri-
tion. It has long been known that the
disease of scurvy can be prevented by the
use of lime-juice. So undoubted is this
fact, that a law was introduced in the
last century to compel the carrying of
lime-juice on all ships. It has now been
discovered that lime-j nice (and many other
raw natural products) contain a certain
substance — a vitamine — ^and that if this
substance is absent from diet scurvy
appears. Again, we now know that the
disease called beri-beri is caused by eat-
ing rice wiiich has been polished, i.e., de-
prived of its husk. The husk contains a
vitamine which, it may be noted inciden-
tally, can be extracted and kept in a test
tube. Now these vitamines cannot be
classified as albuminoid, carbohydrate,
etc., and yet they are definite chemical
substances produced by living plants, and
there is some evidence to show that ani-
mals cannot manufacture them. Butter
contains a vitamine which the cow obtains
from fresh vegetable food. She herself
cannot elaborate it.

It has been said that the vitamines so
far discovered regulate health. In their
absence a definite disease occurs. But
there is also reason to believe that vita-
mines may affect the amount of growth.
Recent experiments with pigs have shown
that a much heavier animal is obtained
when a diet containing the vitamine pre-
sent in butter is given. This vitamine is
present in whey and pigs fed on whey,
plus substances not containing the butter
vitamine, make much better growtJi than
pigs fed only on substances from which
this vitamine is absent.

Enough has been said to show that the
science of nutrition has taken a new
aspect. We can no longer regard only the
gross amount of albuminoids, carbo-
hydrates, etc. ; we have now to consider
the possibility that certain foods may
possess specific values which are indepen-
dent of the amount present in a diet.
Knowledge of this subject is in its in-
fancy. It is hoped that the investiga-
tions, which have already hegnn at the

Reading Dairying Institute, will be taken
up at other institutions supported by th«
Ministry of Agriculture.

* * *

The above is interesting to bee-keepers
in view of the question as to whether
honey or sugar is the better for winter
stores for bees. During the many pro-
cesses in the manufacture of sugar the
vitamines are destroyed. The same thing
will, of course, happen with honey used
for bee food when it is boiled as a pre-
caution against disease. It therefore fol-
lows that the honey stored by the bees
themselves is, with few exceptions, the
best winter food.

Jottings from Huntingdonshire

The wind is blowing from the east,
curling up our toes and touching our
backs with the tip of an ice block. Snow
has fallen in powdery flakes, and the sun
has hidden his face for three days. One
goes forth and looks about the hives.
The snow has drifted here and there, and
one hive entrance is blocked with snow ;
it is cleared away, and one wonders, is
all well within. Seven and twenty degrees
of frost is a big jump down from a tem-
perature which a day before was about
40 degrees. Well, we have stood it, and
so, too, will the bees. One, however,
naturally wonders whether an extra quilt
or two may not be needed, but dare not
lift t]je roof to see. The show on the hive
roofs is serving a good purpose while
Jack Frost is king ; when it begins to
thaw it is best to brush the roofs clear.
For the bees' sake, there is naught we
would not do. Hive them well ; feed
them when necessary, help them to resist
all their various enemies. Not for shar-
ing their spoils alone do we do all this.
Their intelligence, order, civilisation
appeal to us, and there is no bee lover
who has not felt, in one of those deep
psychic moments we all experience in our
life time, that he would love to descend
into the body of a bee and educate the
little insects up to the knowledge of man .
The Christmas season reminds us that
God has done all this, and more, for us.
The full force of the doctrine of the In-
carnation is never so distinctly felt as
when we feel like this towards our bees,
and the veriest sceptic could not believe
that this feeling springs from anything
other than love. The past history of the
bee loses itself in far-off ages, ere man
appeared upon the earth ; when giant rep-
tiles found this island of ours a pleasant
spot for their ponderous wanderings ;
when monsters, long since extinct, grazed
upon the valley slopes of the Severn,
Thames, Tvne, Trent, Humber and Tees,

Dec. 23, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

615

and all their many tribixtary streams,
Bees then lived in pairs, then in schools,
then colonies, forced to this last by the
same reason that compelled men to live
in crowds — offering greater resistance to
their foes. Their ancient colonies were
sometimes large enough to keep at bay
every enemy save the hornet and the
robber fly. and, like the Jungle ant, were
able to drive all the mighty beasts of the
forest before them. As time went on
they became more docile, and allowed
themselves to be handled and accommo-
dated by man. Of all wonderful things
the bees are continually manifesting there
is nothing more moving than their swarm-
ing and settling near to their parent hive,
and thus making it possible for their
owner to take them, hive them, and use
them for his interest and profit. We all
know that bees, ere swarming, send forth
scouts to select an ultimate resting place
should their owner not provide them with
a home ; but first the trustful, con-
scientious little creatures must cluster
near their master's home; he has the first
claim on their services, and providing he
or anyone like him can give them a
suitable place for their activities, they
are willing to stay and work themselves to
death in the common cause. Yes, dear
bees, this is a most unselfish trait in your
characters, and what an example to us
you are ! but if we only could, by some
great miracle, elevate you to an ideal —
that killing is wrong save in self-defence,
and that robbery is a crime — you would
be happier, and so should we.

The voice of the Creator also speaks to
us through the message and meaning of
Christmas, bidding us look up, realising
that eschewing evil is to make ourselves
happier and to give our Maker joy. As
bees' misdeeds hurt us, so must our mis-
deeds hurt Him who gave us a picture of
Himself in the person of that babe who
lay in a manger while the angels sang
and the Syrian stars looked down upon
a troubled world. Soon the bells will be
a-ringing — their message is, " Good Will
to Men and Peace." — E. F. Hemming,
Steeple Gidding.

Bee Notes from Derbyshire.

(Continued from page 605.)
October. — Examined most hives. Some
had finished breeding for the year, while
others had brood on three combs I think
I have seen the most perfect comb of brood
this summer it will ever be my lot to see.
It was built out to the wood all round,
and brood in every cell but the five in
each top corner. The queen, ono of
Sladen's Goldens.

Not much for bees this month about
here, but they seem to keep finding pollen
from something." Isle of Wight " disease
has cleared a great many out again round
about here the past summer, but, so far,
my eight lots look like wintering. On
October 23 I went a cycle ride, down
Trent-side way, and what a lot of com
out then, whole fields of barley to lead,
and some to cut, but the nice sunny days
that followed would enable them to get
it. There seems to be very few bees that
way; my informant said he did not think
there was a bee left in five villages round
Normanton-on-Trent. My old friend Mar-
shall, at Norwell, had got eight good lots,
and, what is more, he had taken some good
clover honey this year. Ther ' ' Isle of
Wight " disease takes some reckoning up.
At '^oodhouse three years ago a stray
swarm took residence " in a hive. The
combs were stained and full of dead bees.
Thev cleaned it out themselves, stored it
and wintered, cast two swarms the next
summer, and got a lot of honev. This
year they have taken 12 stones of honey
from the lot and sold three swarms. Now
+hpv have five lots, and the mistress told
me the bees had cleaned all the hives out
themselves. It is really amusing, when
^ne reads and sees what some people have
done in the way o'f disinfecting hives; it
makes one wonder is it all necessary?
October has been out and out the best
month of the year, only wet on four days,
thirteen sunny days, and two part sunny :
no wind, only one good drying day, bad
for corn drying: and such foggy nights:
wind south on only four days, the prevail-
ing wind seems to be east to south-east
Temperature 65 des:. Fah.

November 5. — British Bee .Jouu-ntal just
to hand. Sorrv to see the death of Dr.
MiHer in it. Having read a deal of his
writinp's. one seems to have lost a very
flociri friPTid. Clover blooms freelv here
some seasons with nothina; in it. the same
as he says. T lav down on a little mound
one sunny afternoon in July when ono
would have thought clover would yield
honev freely. It was white over with
heads, and three or four bees were busy
in them. How long one had been there
I cannot say, but I kept my eye on it
twenty minutes, and it went round hun-
dreds of heads in that time. Then I lost
it, but it did not fly toward the hives
then. I cannot think when there is a good
flow on from clover that it takes bees all
that time to load up.

November 7. — A lovely sunny dav for
time of year. I took a cvclo ride round
by Hardwick Hall. Could see plentv of
ivy in bloom, but a bit too cool for any
bees to be at work on it. I also saw six
fields of corn that wanted leading yet.
What a long dra\Yn-out harvest this vcar.

616

THE BBIUSH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 23, 1920.

from starting in some counties in July
till November, and quite green now it is
cut. In many places it is killing the
clover with the stocks standing on it so
long.

" Cotsvvold Notes," page 534, Mr. Bowen
wants some bee-keepers' ideas of his view.
It would be all right to get strong stocks
like that, but one cannot extract Al
equality honey oiit of C3 brood combs. If
it was to come bad weather till all the
brood hatched out, then take them off, all
well and good, and if it did that the bees
might swarm in spite of you. I daresay
I shall give it a trial in 1921, if we live to
see. Let's hope it will be one of those
years when ismall stocks get a lot, and
large ones a lot more.

North Cheshire Notes.

My notes must now have a new heading
as I no' longer live at Runcoa-n. I shall be
unable, therefore, to say what effect the
chemical fumes of that district have on
bees. So far as my experience has gone,
they were not beneficial. My two swarms
developed " crawling " badly, an-d, despite
a temporary recovery made such little pro-
gress that I decided on ohanging my loca-
tion, to scrap them, and start afresh next
year. Being now right in the country I
hope to' do better, and am looking forward
to 1921 as an ideal bee year.

Tie Acarine disease. Dr. Rennie's dis-
covery, to my mind, solves one puzzle; at
least, it had been a piizzle tO' me, viz.,
the reports one sometimes reads in the
British Bek Journal of bees which had
been insufficiently sulpliured recovering,
and being apparently cured from crawling
disease. The sulphur fumes had been
strong enough to asphyxiate the mites. We
want a lot more information yet on craxol-
ing diseases. To my mind, every case
of crawling is not due to the same cause.
We should like to know how infection is-
spread. Do the mites leave infected bees
o:i their visits to flowers, and afterwards
attach themselves to other bees visiting
the same flowers? That once established
they breed very fast is easily understood
by any one who has had experience of
other members of this family, i.e., so-called
red spider in greenhouses, and the red
mite of poultry, which under favourable
circumstances increase in a short time by
hundr<^ds of thousands, and for such small
individuals do an incredible amount of
damage. Acarine disease being an in-
fection of the air passages, would indicate
some kind of inhalation as a remedy.

I am inclined to agree with my kinsman
in regard to " Tanging." I am quite
sure bee.s can hear. What is hearing but
the convevancn of sound vibrations to the

ibrain? Most animals have a special organ
for the purpose, and as far as we know
bees have not, unless those wonderful
antennce serve that purpose as well as
others. I knew a man who was stone deaf,
but who could hear vehicles approaching
him from behind by the vibrations con-
veyed through the ground to him when
walking along a road. I have noticed
that certain noises seem to annoy bees,
for instance, sci'apin^ a sjiade with
another near their hives will often cause
them to leave their clu&ter in the winter
if the weather is <mild. — D. J. Hemming,
Appleton, Cheshire.

The Dawn of Knowledge.

Bij A. Z. Abushddy, F.B.M.S., Editor,
" The Bee World."

I cannot think of a better title than the
foregoing for a brief commemorative
article of what has truly been described
as an epoch-making discovery on adult bee
diseases.

As I listened and profited by the. most
instructive lecture by Dr. John Rennie
the week before last at the Horticultural
Section of the Ministry of Agriculture to
a gathering of bee-keepere, I realised more
than ever the great significance of the
new addition to our knowledge. No stu-
dent of pathology and piarasitology, apart
from a practical bee-keeper, could have
thought otherwise.

The learned researcher, in a non-iassum-
ing manner, gave a good outline of the
work done at Aberdeen, and though
speaking scientifically, he left no' front
open for attack from any practical bee-
man. Several questions were asked and
cleaily answered, and whatever might
have been said outside the meeting room,
no member, of the gathering had the
slightest ground for questioning the dis-
covery when given the opportunity to
criticise on the basis of the data sub-
mitted.

Years ago, almost all brood diseases
were known as " foul brood." Scientific
research, chiefly in America, gradually
helped to clai^sify these diseases regarding
which we know at present a good deal,
thanks to the work of Dr. White and
others.

It is now the turn of adult bee diseases.
In tlie light of the new discovery, the
Bee Press should take the lead in educa-
tion and restrict the terminology of these,
according to our knowledge, to : (1)
Nnsema disease, and (2) Acarine disease.
Disabilities simulating in outward symp-
toms one or the other of th© foregoing
diseases, but due to other causes such as
senile decay, bad bee-keeping, etc., have
to be denied the usiial misnomers.

Dec. 23. 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

617

When the work of Dr. Graham Smith
and his colleagues was first questioned,
Nosemci apis was regarded by the scep-
tics as an innocent organism, noitwith-
standing the fact that an epideanic, on
the 'decline, would have wiped out the un-
fit, leaving comparatively immune strains,
and als^o regardless of the variable course
which a bee disease is bound to take in
the fluctuating population of a hive or
an apiary. It was again due to the work
of Dr. White in America that the patho-
genicity of Nosema Apis was confirmed.
Dr. White, undei- American conditions,
w'ith well-bred bees to deal with, finds the
disease generally a mild one. . It does
not follow that it is entitled to similar
qualificatiions here. Let us not foi'get
also the attention given within late j^ears
to selective breeding in this country, in
addition to the beneficial importation of
bees of reputable strains. Fiu'thermore,
we should remember the effect of climatic
conditions, as in the case of flora, on the
behaviour of micro-organisms. Although
I still submit that there is nothing in the
work cxf Dr. Rennie or any other re-
searcher to disprove the findings of Dr.
Graham Smith and his colleagues,
or to encourage us to believe that
should the stamina of our bees
-be appreciably lowered in future, we need
not fear, in the absence of legislation, an
ej^idemio of microsporidiosis, I equally
submit that possibly a double infection in
many cases has been missed in the past,
and that we know now definitely the caTisc
of an infectious disease presenting general
symptoms similar to those of Nosema
di'iease.

The ocular proof of the tracheal lesions
and the bold assertion vouched for that,
although the disease in some cases may
pass off, the rule is malignancy ; also the
fact that the disease is not limitedi to
any part of the coiuitiy and can be diag-
nosed at a very early stage, open a field
for prevention by education of the bee-
keeper, and by isolation or destruction of
the stock when breeding is at an end, tis
advised by Dr. Rennie. The future is sure
to have greater aids in store.

The details submitted, not being for
publication lantil the full report appears
shortly, one can hardly say more at pre-
sent except to repeat the grateful thanks
due to the men who toiled so patiently'
and silently in order to serve the truth
and save an industry. No .jury would be
entiled to give a verdict without being
acquainted with the facts of the case on
which to judge. Prejudgement is no ser-
vant of the truth. Those who want to
criticise without having had an oppor-
tunity to attend last week's or the Edin-
burgh meeting, and before the appearance

of the full reports have no moral right to
do so. Again, obvious questions that have
already been answered in the report will
serve no purpose at present, as etiquette
prevents the i-esearchers frorri answering
them. General comments are quite a dif-
ferent thing, and will help to stimulate
interest.

The advance in our knowledge regard-
ing adult bee diseases is sure to have a
helpful effect in relation to legislation
as it is bound to dissipate many fears.
Whether legislation will be introduced in
the near future or otherwise, it was most
gratifying to learn officially that, if in^
troduced, a representative industrial ad-
visory committee would be set up. Of
course, theie are men of sincere convic-
tion who oppose legislation ; and although
the weather-cock opportunist, who uncon-
ditionally appeals for legislation one day
and opposes it on the following for the
dear love of notorious and cheap self-ad-
vertising, is bound not to be missed, there
is no doubt that last week's meeting of
bee-keepers presented on the whole that
harmonious spirit of fraternity land a
keen desire to learn of which some of us
have for so long dreamt.

Tanging.

This is a subject which has been dis-
cussed often enough, but is by no means
worn out, because, so far, no clear evi-
dence has been produced to enable it to be
settled definitely. At jiresent, I think T
am right in saying that the most weighty
arguments favour the contention that it
is la distorted custom connected with the
legal ownership of swarms.

The Rev. E. E. Hemming, however,
comes boldly out to support the belief that
direct effect on swarming bees is the basis
of the practice. In the course of his
argument he says, " the theory that bees
are stone deaf has surely been exploded
long ago." Does not the real truth lie
more in the other direction ? All the oldei
writers were convinced that bees could
hear, although they admitted that they
could not by any means locate the organs
of hearing. They based their belieif on
the varying sounds emitted by bees under
different conditions. If the subtle dis-
tinctions which must be made between
those varying sounds is possible to bees,
they surely must possess organs of hear-
ing at least as elaborate as our ovau,
which can scarcely detect the difference.
The more modern investigator, however,
tends to the belief that specialised sense
of hearing does not exist in insects, and
that touch and scent, both of which are
kadmittedly highly developed and have
definite and obvious organs, is very highly

618

THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

Dec. 23, 1920.

specialised. Any bee-keeper who has
united stocks with and without scented
syrup must be satisfied, even withowa
demonstration of special organs, that the
sense of smell is highly developed and,
indeed, the rapidity with which bees dis-
cover the honey in special flowers is in it-
self proof.

Another, and to my mina, more weighty
argument, is the fact that in bees, par-
ticularly, hearing is not necessary. A
bee lives on flowers, which, as far as we are
aware, produce no sounds, and can be dis-
covered only by the aid of sight, smell,
touch and taste, and the only possible use
for la sense of hearing would be the sexual
one, as enabling the drones more readily
to find the flying queen. But drones, we
know, have highly developed eyes and
special ^ development of antennse, almost
conclusively proved to be organs or scent
and touch. I am aware a theory has lately
been put forward that antennse are anala-
gous to wireless telegraphic instruments,
and the immense development of these
organs in the males of many species, such
as those moths which have specially
developed faculties for "assembling" to
virgin females, has ingeniously been
likened to the aerial of a receiving sta-
tion. But to my mind an insuperable
difl^cultyin connection with this theory is
that aerial waves are broken by contact
with solid bodies, and it is essential that
an unbroken wave ocean extends between
the sending and receiving instruments. Is
it conceivable, then, that a female shut in
a box without clear communication with
the outer air can send out waves which
shall be collected by an apparatus situated
at some distance with numerous interven-
ing objects to break the waves?

Coming directly to the subject of tang-
ing. Is there any real evidence in favour
of its effectiveness? Have swairms never
decamped in spite of it? Have swarms in
full career across the countryside been in-
duced to settle by someone on the line of
route ringing a bell ? Surely the fact that
in most cases when an issuing swarm is
tanged it settles, will not be taken as evi-
dence, for it is the rarest exception for a
prime swarm, at any rate, to fly off with-
out first clustering? All our great bee-
masters take the view that it is useless.
As Langstroth says: " Many who have
never practised tanging have never had
a swarm leave without settling."

Jnst one more point, which I have
noticed and which, I think, has not been
mentioned before. Many writers have
stated that swarms frequently issue on
Sundays, and have argued that the ring-
ing of church bells induces them to do so.
Tan tlie two notions be reconciled? Does
thn ringing of chi^rch bdls cause the bees

to swarm, and the ringing of a bell behind
the hive bring them back? If the sound
draws the bees towards it, surely the Sun-
day swarms ought to converge on the

sacred edifice?

* * « * *

Concerning the remarks of Mr. Ellis and
the Editorial upon the number and
quality of contributors to the Journal. It
is true, alas, that death has robbed us of
some able bee writers. Friend Smallwood
of the pleasant, if not always, mark you,
relevant "Blurts," for example, but I do
not think this accounts for the undoubted
change in the personnel of contributors.
Surely the war is quite sufficient reason?
Sooner or later after its outbreak, one
after another was obliged to discontinue,
and the Editors know best how difficult it
would have been to fill the eighteen pages
of reading matter which were then pos-
sible, with adequate substitutes. Having
once given up the habit of writing for the
Journal, it is not easy to form it again.
In my own case, after my return from
the East, I had practically to start my
career over again, with much heavier
handicaps and hostages to fortune than
when I first ventured forth to earn a
living by the sweat of my brain. Hence
it is seldom I can find time, for " buck-
shee ' work, much as I enjoy doing it.

This sudden breaking off of a number of
practised hands was bound to make a
hiatus which cannot be soon filled, as in
normal times it would be, by the gradual
coming forward of new and experienced
men. This would account for the falling
off in quality which Mr. Ellis seems to
detect. I am not sure, however, that he
is right. I would ask him to remembei
that the longer one's experience of bee
reading, the less likely one is to be in-
terested in new writing, as it is only here
and there facts emerge which are new to
us or are put in new and arresting
fashion. I confess that I often read for
weeks without finding anything fresh to
me. I do not expect it, and I think allow-
ance must be made for this when judging
the past and present. After all, it is
chiefly for the beginner that the JouKN^ii
exists, and having in our early d.ays de-
rived full benefit from it, we must be con-
tent that others are reaping the same ad-
vantage. It is pleasant to hear that the
number is greater. — Herbeiet Maoe.

A Correction Accepted.

Z?e British Bee Journal, Page 584.
Mr. Bryden writes us expressing regret
for his statement that both natural and
artificial queen rearing was carried on at
Castel San Pietro. What he saw was the
home apiary of Signor Pjana, aud very

Bee. 23, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

619

easily recognised that he had adopted
" Doolittle's " method as his system of
queen rearing. Through his very imper-
fect knowledge of the Italian language
he misunderstood) Signer Plana, that his
out apiaries were conducted on the
natural swarming principle.

He did not have the pleasure of inspect-
ing the out apiaries, so could not give a
definite decision from what he did not
actually see, otherwise the statement
would, not have heen made. Mr. Bryden
wishes to express to Signer Piana his sin-
cere gratitude for his kind interest shown
to him when on his visits.

British Bee-Keepers*
Association.

The monthly meeting of the Council was
held at 23, Bedford Street, Strand, Lon-
don, W.C.2, on Thursday, December 16,
1920.

Mr. W. F. Reid presided, and there
were also present: — Miss M. D. Sillar,
Sir Ernest Spencer, Messrs. G. Bryden,
G. R. Alder, G. J. Flashman, J. Herrod-
Hempsall, J. B. Lamb, W. H. Simms;
Association representatives, R. R. Bab-
bage (Middlesex), E. G. Waldock (Surrey),
C. P. Jarman (Kent), and the Secretary,
W. Herrod-Hempsall.

Letters of regret at inability to attend
were read from Messrs. T. W. Cowan,
A. G. Pugh, F. W. Watts, A, L. C. Fell,
J. Pearman, C. L. M. Eales, G. Thomas,
and A. J. Blakeman.

The following new members were
elected : — Messrs. E. Lee and W. Low.

The Cumberland and Westmorlaodi
Association nominated Rev. D. Jones and
Lancashire Mr. F. H. Taylor as their
representatives, and both were accepted.

The report of the Finance Committee
was presented by Mr. Bryden, who stated
that the receipts for October were
£19 Is. 6d., for November £49 4s. lid.
The bank balance on December 1 was
£149 12s. 8d. Payments amounting to
£88 6®. 6d. were recommended.

The reports of the Examining Board for
lecture test for final certificate were pre-
sented by Mr. Bryden and the chairman,
and it was resolved to grant certificates
to Mrs. M. K. Hodson, Miss A. D. Bells,
Messrs. D. Y. Knowles and E. D. Lowes.

Mr. J. Herrod-Hempsall moved, and
Mr. G. J. Flashman seconded, and it was
carried: "That the lecture test be
eliminated from the examination for
Final Certificate."

A letter was read from the manager of
the Grocers' Exhibition giving the terms
under which they would arrange for the
annual show to be held at the Grocers'
Exhibition at the Royal Agricultural

Hall, Islington, London, N., from Sep-
tember 17 to 23, 1921, inclusive. It was
resolved to accept the same.

A letter was read from the Ministry of
Agriculture asking the Council to nomi-
nate two representatives to serve on the
Bee Advisory Council now being set up
by the Ministry. Proposals were made
and a ballot taken, when Sir Ernest
Spencer and Mr. G. Bryden were declared
elected.

Next meeting of Council Thursday,
January 20, 1921, at 23, Bedford Street,
Strand, London, W.C.2.

SPECIAL GENERAI, MEETING.

After the Council meeting a special
general meeting was called for the pur-
pose of considering :

(a) The increase of subscription to
10s. 6d.

(b) To eliminate plural voting.

There was a good attendance, and
numerous letters of regret at inability to
attend were read, the majority of the
writers expressing their agreement w'th
both proposals.

After a lengthy discussion, in which
the chairman pointed out that the value
of money having decreased considerably,
and expenses mounted up enormously, it
was impossible to carry on at the old rate
of subscription ; also that most societies
had raised their fees long ago, it was re-
solved that the annual subscription be
raised to lOs. 6d., vice-presidents to two
giiineas, and life members to ten guineas.
That plural voting be eliminated and the
rules altered accordingly.

Surrey Bee-Keepers' Association.

(Guildford District.)

The usual room in Ward Street Insti-
tute not being available, the monthly
meeting of the Guildford Division of
Surrey Bee-keepers' Association was held
on Wednesday, December 8, at 7 p.m..
in the Grand Jurv Room, County and
Borough Halls, Guildford. Mr. G. W.
Judge gave an interesting lantern lecture
on " Diseases and Enemies of Bees."

The chair was taken by Councillor H. G.
Herbert, and the lantern was very
efficiently operated by 'Master Reginald
Patrick.

Although a very thick fog deterred
many from attending the meeting, the
room was fairly filled.

The lecture was very much appreciated,
particularly that part of it which was
devoted to the newly-n^med " Acarine "
disease, Mr. Judge's direct and clear
methods of explanation being exactly
what were required for a suhieot of this
kind. — F. M. Falshaw, Avondale, Stocton
T?oad. Guildford, District Hon. Sec.

620

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 23, 1920.

Somerset Bee-Keepers* Association.

FKOMB DISTRICT. ,

An instructive lecture on bee-keeping
-Avas given at the Ked Triangle Hut on
Monday evening, November 2^, 1920, by
Mr. L. Bigg-Wither, first-class expert
British Bee-keepers' Association and
County Lecturer on Bee-keeping.

The lecture was given under the auspices
of the County Bee Sub-Committee (Somer-
set Agricultural Instruction Committee),
and was illustrated by lantern slides.
There was a good attendance. Chairman,
the Rev. G. Hugo Heynes. During the
lecture Mr. Bigg-Wither mentioned the
important discovery made by Dr. John
Bennie and his collaborators, and stated
all bee-keepers were greatly indebted to
A. H. E. Wood, Esq., of Glassel, Aber-
deenshire, for the great financial assist-
ance and deep interest he has taken in
the work of research, and of bee-keeping
generally, and also to the Ministry of
'Agriculture for their assistance.

Questions were asked after the elose of
the lecture, which lasted about one hour
and a half, and were answered tO' the de-
light of all present.

A hearty vote of thanks was accorded
to Mr. Bigg- Wither for his interesting
lecture. — E. G. Hawkins.

The Editors do not hold themselves responsible
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice will be taken of anonymous communications,
and correspondents are requested to write on one
side of the paper only and give their real name
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

" Candid" Critics.

[10352] I see, Mr. Editor, you arc again
taken on the carpet for not running our
Journal to suit all ; the end of that per-
fect day will never arrive. All that
appears does not appeal to me, but I do
not say it should not be printed; there
are others who thoroughly enjoy reading
it. Your old readers miss the enjoyable
articles of Lordswood, the practical notes
of Wm. Woodley, the pithy " Extracts
from the Hut" of " Extractor " and many
others that we mourn the loss of ; what,
then, is to take their places? Not such
a.i-tioles as " How I Took My Firet
Swarm," "How to Take off Surplus," or
oven' the lengthy quibbles in rcgiard to
Rize of frames. Again, I say, this, no
doubt, suits some, but not "all; if much

of this is skipped there is still a good
twopennywortix left. I and many others
would miss our " Dorset Yarn." Many
times I liave fancied myself working be-
sides those lines of gooseiberries and lis-
tening to the glad song of the bees, and,
knowing the winter helps one all the more
to appreciate his labour of love, many
were extremely sorry when friend Kettle
took the hump before.

Then the Rev. Hemming' s ai-ticles help
us to look on Nature in a new light and
to couvSider every flower as the bee-keeper's
friend. Bee-keepers will be better if they
will only findi what source their bees are
gathering their income from, noting the
dates thereof and taking an interest in
all related subjects .ind items outside the
hive, but to tell us all these things are
" alien " (horrible word) to bee-keeping
fairly takes my breath away. Get on
Brothers Kettle, Hemming, Harvvood,
etc., we do not all envy but appreciate
your capabilities. — H. Hill, Ockbrook,
Derby.

A Bee-Keeper's Good Fortune.

[10353] I have again joined the frater-
nity of bee-keepers, or rather I have
been forced to do so. Having lost my
stocks through absence from home during
the war, I had decided to " wait and see "
foa* an opportunity of restocking. How-
ever, the unexpected liappened, as fol-
lows:— On Whit-Monday, my family being
aAvay on holiday, two little boys came
and said that thexe was a swann of bees
in the street ; going with them I found
a swarm of black bees in a low, thick
hedge. I cut away all the small twigs
until I had them nearly all on one thick
stem, which I cut off with pruners, and
gently laid it with adlhering bees close
to a skep which I had propped up with
stones to receive thom. Meanwhile a
crowd had collected, and I received (from
a respectful distance) plenty of woll-
moant, but not expert, advice, gratis.
Soon all the bees were in the skep, and
at night were iruii into* a clean hive, and
I again felt the exhilaration of being a
proprietor of bees. A few weeks later a
boy came to say that some bees were in
my garden hedge. These were a mere
handful, a cast, T^ut I put them in a
clean Iiive and fed them well, so that
though it rained continually they pros-
pered. But more bees were to follow.
Early in August a young man came to
the door and announced, " Our field is
full of bees! " so I went with him, and
sure enough the field was alive with
bright yellow Italian bees which had not
clustered on my arrival, but soon did so
in the hedge; they were a very fine, big

Dec. 23, 1920.

THE BBITISH BEE JOURNAL.

621

lot, and must have come a long way, as
I can only hear of black and Dutch bees
in this neighbourhood. Again did his-
tory repeat itself, and I secured anothsr
swarm, this time Dutch, which I joined
to the black cast, being short of a clean
hive, and the Dutch queen was thrown
out. Again I was called, and took an-
other stray swarm which a neighbour
thought were his, so I handed them over
and helped him to hive them and look
tlii'ough his stock. I am now the proud
possessor of thxee good stocks of bees,
which I have fed continually owing to
the wet season. I would, in the coming
season, like to increase my colonies, and
am planning a big hive on the " Wells "
perforated dummy system. I have made
two thin three-ply perforated wood dum-
mies. I have rea^d and admired Mr. Wells'
letters in your old Journals wherein he
replies very patiently to some heckling
critics. Is Mr. Wells' pamphlet procur-
able now? Woidd it be wise to make so
large a hive on the W.B.C. plan? AVhat
merits, if any, hav© Dutch bees? I am
informed that they swai*m too much. I
have seldom (you will thank goodness)
trouhled you with questions, so hope that
facL may palliate this rather long letter,
which I -will conclude by subscribing my-
self— " AVooDLANDS," Derbyshire.

[Dutch bees are very prolific and too
much given to swarming, so' far as our
experience goes, preferring to swarm
rather than work in supers. When they
do store honey in supers the comb is well
built, and the cappings white and even.
Mr. Wells' pamphlet is out of print; his
hives were double-walled. We trust your
good fortune will continue. — Eds.]

Producing Heather Honey.

[10354] Being a bee-keeper of twenty
years' experience, and a regular heather-
going bee-keeper, I regret that Mr.
Price's lecture on " The Production of
Heather Honey " was so short. When I
saw the heading in the British Bee
.Journal I had hopes of learning some-
thing more. Now, will Mr. Price tell us
when to start to prepare our stocks for
the moors? My own experience is tliat
we have to begin to prepare at the swarm-
ing period, namely, the middle of June,
l)y forming neuclei of four frames of comb
with a young queen, and working them
up until they the packed with young bees
and brood about the last week of July
or the first week of August. These stocks
are then just right for the heather which
is just beginning to bloom, and, given a
spell of fine weather, they give a good
account of themselves. Much depends
upon the way the bees are packed for
travellinsr, also the method of travelling

to the moors. I have taken bees by train,
motor and cart, and I prefer carting, as
you go as you please. I begin to fasten
my bees up as soon as they cease flying
for the day — that is, close the entrances.
Hives are made secure a week or two'
before. After the entrance has been
securely fastened with perforated zinc,
and no bees can escape, they are loaded
upon a flat cart, and the journey of
twenty odd miles begun. We are travel-
ling all night, get to the moors about day-
break, and unload the hives to allow the
bees to cool after the jolting joiirney on
the road. Now, Mr. Price, how "much
scalded brood have you found in hives
properly packed on a flat cart after they
have got to the moors in comparison to'
that found in hives after the rapid jour-
ney of. train or motor?

I should say it is absolutely necessary
to replace the old queen with a young
one before going to the moors. For one
reason, the old queen has been breeding
heavily during the season in the lowlands,
but on being transported to the high-
lands the difference in climate affects her
so much that she stops laying, probably
thinking that winter is come, owing to
the change of atmosphere, especially if
the bees are taken from a 400' ft., to 1,300
ft. above sea-level; that is the reason why
I suggest nuclei made in June, one has
a young queen laying, and bees just
coming right for the honey flow.

Some bee-keepers pack all the combs of
matiiring brood into their hives when
going to the moors. It is a mistnl-e. If
bees are sent upon six combs of brood,
and two of honey with a young queen,
you will get better results than by send-
ing one with ton combs packed with
brood and an old queen, as the change
stops the old queen from laying, the brood
hatches out. and there are ten empty
combs to fill in the brood nest before you
get one section.

Mr. Price says it is interesting to know
that there are not many countries from
which it is possible to obtain pure heather
honev. Is there one country where it is
possible? I think nearly "all moors in
England have another good honey-pro-
ducing flower beside the ling. I refer to
the wild thyme. It blooms at the same
time as line. 1 have seen bees working
it on the Cheviots and on the Durham
moors when the ling has been in full
I)loom. Good heather honov is selling at
fis. 6d. a section in Newcastle at present.

Producing heather honev is more of a
gamble than a surety. Rome vears you
may set a few pounds, but often none,
but we never get downheoTted. always
looking forward and hoping that the next
year will be a good heather year. -Tust as

622

THE BKITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 23, 1920.

an instance, I will mention two cases that
came under my notice this season, one
being a bee-keeper of twenty years, and
the other just a beginner who hardly
knew a bee from a wasp. The man of
experience sent five hives packed with bees
and brood and ten combs each, and never
got any honey worth mentioning. The
beginner, who got two casts in July, sent
them to exactly the same place and got
twenty-five good sections and eight combs
well stored for winter. — H. Harmee,
Sunniside Swalwell.

The Production of Heather Honey

[10355] On page 579 of Mr. Price's lec-
ture I observe a paragraph which speaks
about pure heather honey. Did any per-
son ever see piire heather or clover honey ?
I have not yet discovered a pure honey
from any one source. Has Mr. Price dis-
covered pure heather honey? If so, I will
be pleased to receive a sample of same,
but I think he means pure honey with
heather predominating.

But the point I want to bring out is
that this is the second time it has been
printed in your Journal that heather
honey does not granulate. I have put a
good quantity through my hands, and my
experience is that heather honey does
granulate; but, of course, I cannot speak
of pure heather, as I have saidl I have
not seen same. What I speak about is
knoMTi as heather honey. I think the
article is rather misleading.

[What Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall said,
and has been printed in the Journal, was
that pure heather honey does not granu-
late, not that heather honey does not.
The latter may be, and usually is, " pure
honey with heather predominating." Mr.
W. Herrod-Hempsall has a sample of
almost, if not quite, pure heather honey
which has been in his possession for eleven
years, and has noi yet granulated. — Eds.]

Now he says, " It cannot be extracted.'"
I don't know what he means by extracted,
but it can be extracted by pressure, which
is the only way as yet to my knowledge
I have on my premises 2 cwts. of such
treated honey in bottles, and I can tell
you it is grand. The only thing that T
fail to get out of it is the small
air buibbles which do not rise to
the top but remain throughout the
whole bottle. There are other prac-
tices for disposing of heather honey.
The practice Mr. Price speaks about dis-
posing of honey by supers in boxes weigh-
ing from 7 to 14 lbs., and combs 3 in.
thick, is a very old practice unless for
pressing purposes. Grocers will not have
this class of honey for two reasons. People
are not buying a skep as they used to do
long ago, and it is a sticky mass to parrel

and deal with if cut and sold per pound.
It is now sold either in bottles or in
1-lb. sections.

The best heather honey is collected from
hills of the blue whinstone over 800 ft.
from the level of the sea, and with a dry
soil. That heather is of a congealed livery
substance with a fine aroma and flavour.
Hills below that level are not sO' good, but
hills above and helow 800 ft. of a marshy,
wet disposition give a heather honey. I
would not say inferior, but it is not so
congealed nor so jjriHiant, and the flavour
and the aromia are not quite so strong.
When testing the two together, to me they
are quite distinct in appearance and
flavour. I cannot describe exactly the
flavour of the marshy ground honey, the
nearest I can describe it is that it has
a slight mossy flavour. — " An Able Bee,"
Edinburgh.

["It cannot be extracted," means the
honey cannot be extracted from the comb
by centrifugal force in the usual manner.
The air bubbles are characteristic of
heather honey. It is so dense and gela-
tinous the air cannot rise. The quality
of all honeys is, we believe, affected by
the climate and soil where the flowers
which produce it grow. — Ens.]

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

One Penny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at IJd. per toord as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under the
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PRIVATE ADVERTISEMENTS are only in-
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PRIVATE ADVERTZSZSMISITTS.

FINEST WILTSHIRE HONEY, 3 cwt., in tins;
aroma, grain and flavour perfect; eamples 6d.
— MEiLISSA, 1, Belle Vue Road, Saliebury. k.l36

HEATHER HONEY, finest quality Scotch, in
7, 14 and 28-lb. tins, 24s. 64., 48s., and 956.,
carriage paid; also high-class White Honey.—
WHYTE, Bee Farm, Cumbernauld, Dumbarton-
shire. r.k.l37

ERICA CARNEA, the heather that blooms_ in
February, dwarf bushy plants, pow showing
bud, quite hardy, 4s. dozen, post free.— S. E.
LYTLE, Dunbryan, Formby, Lanes. r.K.138

COERE8PONDENCE Courses In Bee-keeping.—
H. E. NEWTON, Hobart Rood. New Milton.
Hants. r-kW

Dee. 2a. 19-20.

THE BBITISH BEE JOUBNAL.

623

WHITE LEGHOENS (Barron's 6train).-Sit-
tiags of Eggs, 12s. 6ci.; delivery January,
February. March.— MES. HOWAED LEE, Bowden.
Bujgess Hill, Sussex. r.k.l30

WANTED, Handy Man who understands bees,
horsee, and can do rough joinering. Stale
•wages expected.— YOUNG, 42, James Street, Cam-
bridge^ r.k.ll7

FOR SALE, cheap, five good hives Beee, chain-
geared Extractor, etc., £15; to be removed by
purchaser.— G. SAEQAN, Eavenfield, Rotherham,
Yorka. k.lOO

IRISH HONEY, 14 lb. 28s., 28 lb. 53s., 66 lb.
106s.; also Section Honey, 30s. and 33s. dozen.
— S. CRAWFORD, Apiaries, Castlederg, Co.
Tyrone. k-lOl

PRIME HAMPSHIRE HONEY, in 28-lb. tine,
50s. per tin, free on rail, carriage forward. —
TRUEMAN. Harroway Road, Andover. k.l04

SAINFOIN HONEY.— We have } ton of this
fine Honey, put np in nominal 14-lb. tins,
which were sent us by a honey buyer who failed
to pay for his order. These packages average
14i lbs. gross weight, and we offer them at 33s.
each, carriage paid.— S. H. SMITH, 30, Maid's
Causeway, Cambridge. k.l05
.,

NOW BOOKING ORDERS, delivery January,
February, March, £2 sittings of Eggs and
Day -old Chicks (Barron's), White Leghorns, Brown
Leghorns; White and Fawn and White Runner
Ducks, White Wyandottes, sittings 10s. 6d. to
358. a dozen, Chicks double.— MRS. M. ANDER-
SON, Poultry Dept., Hermitage Poultry Farm,
High Hurstwood, Sussex. Manager : Miss M. D.
SiUar. k.93

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IJd. per word.

IMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS FOR I921.-List
on application.— PEARSON & GALE, Marl-
borough. r.k.88

FLAVINE BEE CANDY, made in Cambridge,'
and the wrappers bear our name, 6 lbs. 10s.,
post paid.— S. H. SMITH, 30. Maid's Causeway,
.Cambridge. k.l39

LET THE BEES TELL YOU."— Third edition
now ready. Price, paper 2s. 6d., cloth
4s. 6d. The proceeds will go to the relief of bee-
keepers in the devastated districts of France.—
S. H. SMITH, 30. iMaid's Causeway, Cambridge.

k.l4C

MASHEATH HIVES are made by their designer
and originator, M. ATKINSON, The Bee
Park, Fakenham, who will be pleased to reply to
all inquires. r.k.l41

ITALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy.— Address,
E. PENNA, Bologna, Italy. Prist List for 1921
on application. r.k.j^

ENSURE A GOOD HONEY CROP next year by
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Stocks. Illustrated Catalogue free on application.
—PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. r.k.l28

BEE BOOKS FOR CHRISTMAS PRESENTS.—
You can get the Books of the leading
authorities in this and other countries from E. J.
BURTT, Stroud Road, Gloucester. Special List
free on receipt of a poetcard. k.l20

WIGHr- DISEASE.
Advice 6s.— ALF.
near Camp, Stroud.

-Prevention and removal.

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r.j.5

BEES AND QUEENS FOR 1921.— Send for our
new Illustrated Catalogue, free on applica-
tion.—PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. r.kJ27

IMPORTANT!— In spite of the increased cost of
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celebrated 6-frame Stocks at reduced prices. Cata-
logue free on application.— PEARSON & GALE,
Marlborough. ricJ.29

KEEP IN TOUCH with modem bee-keeping
thought by reading the bee-keeping journals.
I shall be pleased to book orders for " Gleanings
in Bee Culture," 78. per year; " The American Bee
Journal," 10s. per year; " L' Apiculture Fran^aise,"
3s. 6d. per year, each monthly and post paid. —
E. J. BUETT, Stroud Road, Gloucester. k.119

A WELL-ESTABLISHED FIRM wlehe* to hear
of bee-keepers who would guarantee to supply
them with Nuclei May-June next.— Box 107, B.B.J
Office, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. r.J.42

9SI-3I-I -iiSnoJoqiJBK 'aiVO ^ NOSHVaj

— "TZei JOj su^anf) puB SMg; Jo anSoi^iv^ ci
P9;gj|snni Man jno joj Xino ggyaxSOJ aNgO

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Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
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The products of the Apiary, of
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THE

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The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. BEBBOD-HEMPSAUli, 23, B«dford
Street, Strand, ^ndon, W.C.3.

1921

For HARDY ENGLISH-BRED ITALIAN QUEENS

LOCKWOOD & MANLEY,

The Model Bee Farm, HUNSTANTON, N. NORFOLK.

Our queens are bred Irom moihi rs wh; se stocks have givin heavy surplus in the bad season
of 1920, and only drones from similar, though unrelated queens, are permitted flight.
Send for our Illustrated Catalogue of Queens, Swarms and Nuclei.

624

THE BBmsH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 23, 1920.

— - "7 am in hopes thai some of us will one day be boasting that ive have subscribed to "ZZ

= the BEE WORLD from the first number." — John Anderson, Esq., M.A., B.Sc. =

^ The Hon. Gen. Secretary to the APIS CLUB has 1

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71

IT

Dec. 2a. im).

THE BKmsH BEE ^fOtJRNAL.

ui

€m B€€ m®MM

BENSON,

ON^Sj^HiK

" The paper is unique, high in tone, and free from extraneous matter and recrimi-
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(2) That the founder of the BEE WORLD gave towards
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JOURNAL would immediately accelerate our progress ;

(4) That in view of the easy terms arranged, it is im-
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^' We are not in the habit of doing any advertising for anybody, not even for ourselves, ~

zg: in the reading columns, but we believe this magazine should be sustained." ^

ri — The American Bee Journal. it:

I ^bc api0 eiub, BENSON, OXON, ENGLAND. I

JT THE BBIUSH BEE JOURNAL. Bee. ^3, im.

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= 1 lb. at 1/5, postage 9d., 6 lbs. at 9/6 post free, =

= 10 lbs. at 15/6 post free. =

= Can be had medicated or not, as required. S

I R. STEELE & BRODIE, |

= ^ee Appliance Makers, =

I WORMIT, FIFE. |

= Telegrams :— " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormit. =

^^m^m^^m^mm^mmmmmm

WE are now able to supply CANDY OF OUR
OWN MAKE from guaranteed Pure White
Refined Cane Sugar. In 1-Ib. boxes with glass tops.
It can be had plain or medicated with either " Yadil "
or " Bacterol."

REDUCED PRICES:
lib. - 1/5 per lb.
61b. - 9/6, post free.
101b. - 15/6, post free.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex.

I I I I I I I TTTyR^^^^^^^ayNNNNNy^N II 11 I 8 I I I I I ■ I J

PaiNTED BY THE AviNUB PeB88 (L. UpOOTT GlLi. & SON, LlD.). 65-57, DeDEY LuIB, LONDON, W.C., AND

Pdbluhid fob TEX PaopaiCTOB (W. Here od-Hehpsall), by Sihpein, Maeshaix, 'Hamilton.
Kent & Co., Ltd., SI & Z2, Patebnostbe Row, E.G.

Bbitibh Bee Joubnju. and Bie-erpirs' Advises, December 30, 1920.

jlBEE JO^^

ryFTMed \^ ,

^ |T.WCowt>.n.i:L.S.| "N
^nd'-J.Herrod— '^^
Hcmpsall.FE5.

& JBee^Kccpcrs
Adviser.

o^V\^ekKr Journal Devoted to ,

the Interests oj

Bce-Kccpers.

OM

''^^/c

ce^

Sti

<^</St

W£^^.

No. 2010. Vol. XLVIII

DECEMBER 30, 1920.

iPubU$hed •vTy Thundav. Prlo« 9d.

coffrrjBivrcs.

PAGE

Seasonable Hints 625

A Dorset Yarn 625

Honey Imports 626

Notes prom Grbttna Green 626

The Season in Aberdeenshire 627

The Drone .... in 1920 628

Wit and Wisdom on the Cotswolds 629

Novelties for 1920 630

PAGE

Correspondence—

Native v. Foreign Beee 630

Experience witli Swarms in Ireland , 631

Tlie B.B.J, and its Contributors .' 632

The Production of HeatJier Honey 633

Re-Queening, Acari, etc 633

Norwich Notes and Notions 634

Peculiar Behaviour of Bees 634

Combs from Other Hiveb—

Dr. Cummings and Hie Queen Bees 634

We should like to take this opportunity of wishing
our numerous customers and all those, interested in

THE^ BEE . INDUSTRY

H

Bappv new year

and a Prosperous Honey Season in

1921.

This is a season of giving presents, and the Bees
should not be forgotten. A Cake of Taylor's Pink Candy
will ensure for them happiness and contentment.

E. H. TAYLOR, Ltd.. ""Si'

u

THE BRmSH BBS JOURNAL.

Dec. 30, 1920.

THE

British Bee Journai

Office: 23, Bedford Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.
Established 1873.

A Weekly Journal Devoted to
Interests of Bee-keepers.

the

Edited by T. W. COWAlf, F.I..S., ftc,
aad J. HKBKOD-HEKPSAIiIi, F.E.S.

Correspondence: Whom tolAddress.—
All matters relating to the Lit^ary Depart-
ment, AssociationB, Shows, etc., should be
addressed, " Editors, Britith Bet Joterrud,"
and all business communications and matters
relating to subscriptions and advertisements
to be addressed to the " Manager," B.B.J.
Office.

Subscriptions.'— Annual Subscription,
lOs. lOd. post free in advance; single copies
2d., or 2^. post free. If a receipt is required
by post, a stamped and addressed envelope
must be sent, otherwise a printed receipt
will be enclosed along with the paper.

Note. — Cheques and Postal Orders should
always be crossed, otherwise it is very diffi-
cult to trace them if they go astray.

How to send Money.— Remittances can
be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall by
crossed Cheques and Postal Orders. Stamps
may be sent for small amounts up to 2s.
Halfpenny stamps are preferred.

Scottish or Irish- cheques can only be taken
in payment if 6d. is added for commission
charged by banks for cashing them.

The Editctrs are not directly or indirectly
interested iii the manufacture or sale of bee-
hives or appliances of any kind, and must
refer correspondents wishing for prices or
catalogues to advertisers in uie paper.

OUR DEPOSIT SYSTERi.

You are advised to insist on this being used
when dealing with strangers.

Bttles and Conditions (or Depositing

In order to save trouble, it is requested that
the Rules be carefully read over by persons using
the Deposit System of trading.

Gtoods should not be despatched until notice that
the money has been deposited is received from
this office.

1. Method.— When ©trangers are dealing
together, the purchase-money of the articles is
deposited at our office. We acknowledge receipt
of the deposit to both parties, and hold the money
until we are satisfied that the purchase is con-
cluded. If a sale be effected, we remit to the seller
the amount deposited, less a charge of 2J
per cent, in the £, with a minimum of 6d., and
the expenses of Post Office Orders and
postage, SSc. Cash will be forwarded by Cheque,
Post Office Order, or by Postal Order ae pre-
ferred. If a sale or exchange be not completed,
we return the amount deposited, after making the
same deduction. By this means buyers and sellers
are secured against fraud. -

2. Depoelts.— Postal Orders (drawn on General
Post Office) and Cheques must be made payable
to W. Herrod-Hempsall, and eroesed " London
County and Weatminster Bank." The numbers of
the Postal Orders should be kept by the sender.

We cannot be responsible for any loss that may
occur in transit.

3. Honey on Approval.— All honey will be sold
by sample, which must be sent direct to buyer.

4. Bee Appliances.— In ordering, the time
allowed for completing the order to be stated to
U9 when sending cash. If maker accepts, we hold
cash until transaction is satisfactorily completed,
when the amount will be remitted, subject to
conditions a« in Clause 1.

5. Sees and Queens.- These will be dealt with
entirely by the parties concerned, so far as price,
&c., go, and when the purcliase is satisfactorily
completed cash will be remitted ae per Clause 1.

6. Goods in Transit.— These are at the seller's
nsk, i.e., any damage to or loss of an article on
its journey is borne by the vendor; but a rejected
article must be properly packed and returned by
the same means as was used in sending it.

7. Carriage.— The carriage of all goods, except
such as are sent by post, is payable by the buyer,
unless otherwise agreed. If any article sent on
approval be returned, each party to the trans-
action must pay carriage one way.

Books for Bee-keepers

NOW IN STOCK.

Cash in full must be sent with order.

Postage
A Modern Bee Farm .. .. 7/6 .. SJd.
(To be obtained from this Office only.)
Beginner's Bee Book (Pellett) 5/- 4d.

BBE-KEEFUTG SIMPI.IFIBD

POB THB COTTAGBK ANO

SMAU:.HOI.I>BR (W. Hebrod-

Hempsall, F.B.S.) .. .. .. 1/- ., 2d.

BRITISH BBS - XBBPBBS'

GUIDE BOOK (T. W. Cowan)

Paper covers 2/6 .. 3d.

Cloth covers 3/6 .. 4d.

Bissectible Model of Queen Bee 4/6 . . 3d.
FBBTII.ISATION OP FBUIT

BI.OSSOMS BY BEBS (T. W.

Cowan) ./3 .. Id.

Honey and Health (A. Hope) .. -/6 .. Id.
Honey Vinegar (Rev. Q, Bancks) -/2 .. Id.
How to Keep Bees (Anna B.

(Comstock) 5/- .. 45d.

Prevention of Swarming

(Wilkes) I/. .. lid.

Pollination of Pruit in relation

to Commercial Pruit Growing

(C. H. Hooper. F.R.H.S.) .. .. -/6 .. Id.
PRODUCING, PBEFABIITG,

EXHIBITING AND JUDG-
ING BEE PRODUCE (W.

iHerrod-Hempsau,, F.E.S.) .. .. 2/- .. 3d.
Queen Bearing in England

(P. W. L. SiADEN) 1/6 .. 2d.

Snelgrove's Method of Be-

Queening -/6 .. Id.

The " Townsend " Bee Book .. 2/6 .. 2d.
WAX CBAPT (T. W. Cowan) .. 2/- .. 2id.

MISCEI.I.ANEOUS.
The Iiore of the Honey Bee

(TicKNBB Edwardeb) 2/- .. 3d,

Iiife of the Bee (Maeterlinck) .. 5/- .. 4d.
THE BEE WOBIiD (supplied

only to members of Aseoclations

interested in the comtrol and

development of the Apis Club,

apart from ordinary members of

the laUer), per copy -/8 .. liA,

The Bee Master oi Warrilow

(Tickneb Edwabdes) 7/6 .. 4id.

British Bee Joornal & Record Office,

23, BEDFORD STREET, STRAND, W.C.3.

Dec. 30, 1920.

THE BRITTSH BEE JOURNAL.

625

Seasonable Hints.

At the end of the year we almost in-
voluntarily glance back with our mind's
eye on the happenings during its passage.
To bee-keepers the past season has, in
general, been one of disappointment.
Those who can remember say it has been
the worst for* 50 years.

The ranks of those engaged in the
craft have been depleted. The death of
the veteran, Dr. Miller, is a world-wide
loss. Among those with whom we were
more intimately acquainted, and who
have passed over, we miss Mr. J. N.
Smallwood and Mr. T. Bevan.

In spite of the bad season, the craft
has advanced. Bee-keepers are more
numerous, and our knowledge has been
extended. The scourge of the past few
years, known as " Isle of Wight " disease,
appears to be definitely on the wane in
•jihe south of the country, but heavy losses
are still reported in the North of England
and in Scotland. The year will be
memorable for the discovery by Dr.
Rennie of Tarsoneinus icoodi as the
probable cause, or one of the causes of the
disease. No doubt we shall learn more of
this mite during the next year.

We hoped to have seen legislation to
deal with bee diseases in force before the
end of the year, but the wheels of Govern-
ment Departments move slowly, and
though the proposed Bill has not been
much heard about lately, it is not by any
means dead, and may be on the Statute
Book before the new year is far advanced.
We are afraid the mortality among bees
this winter will be heavy, not from
disease, but owing to a shortage of stores.
It is now possible to get sugar without
the trouble of vouchers, and though the
price is very heavy compared with that
of pre-war days, money spent in buying
sugar to keep the bees alive will be a good
investment. Any colony about whose
supply of food there is the least doubt —
and there must be many such — should be
kept supplied with candy, renewing the
supply as it is exhausted. If there is any
suspicion of disease about, the candy
should be medicated, but do not mix any
flour with it at present.

See that the bees are kept dry; should
the quilts become damp, replace them with

dry ones, and, if possible, remedy the
defect that has caused the dampness. Do
not forget that nothing is more penetrat-
ing than half-melted snow. In dry and
frosty weather snow is a protection from
the cold, but as soon as a thaw comes it
should be removed from hive roofs, or it
will probably make the inside of the hive
both cold and damp. Hive entrances
should also be protected from the light re-
flected from snow, especially when thf'
sun shines, or many bees may be tempted
out, to their destruction and the weaken-
ing of the colony. Protection should also
be given against the depredations of mice
and tits, and for this there is nothing
better than a piece of small meshed wire
netting secured over the entrance. Mice
may find arn entrance through the venti-
lation hole in the roof, or the roof may
be slightly displaced by wind, giving them,
access to the quilts. Coconut shells, or
small tins filled with fat, and hung about
a little distance from the hives, will give
tits food and occupation apart from
molesting the hives.

Do not forget the main point to watch
from now, until bees are able to forage
freely, is the food supply. Having made
this secure, we hope all our readers will
have a prosperous season in 1921.

A Dorset Yarn,

A letter from a county Durham bee-
keeper queries of increase without natural
swarming. This has so often been dealt
with in the Journal it seems a waste of
space to go over the same ground again.
In May and June strong stocks were
divided by taking out four or five combs
of brood and bees and with them the
queen, place them in a new brood box, or
one that has been thoroughly cleaned ;
add bars of new foundation firmly wired
in, or other bars of comb that have been
used for extraction the previous year ;
the parent stxjck having all queen cells
but two cut out, and other bars added to
make up the number. This was done in
several stocks this year, only one of which
swarmed after division. My friends
demur at leaving two queen cells, but one
can never be sure that each cell has a
perfect queen, if both come out at once
the workers have plenty to do drawing
out fresh cells that they let the two
queens fight it out rather than swarm at
that time, that is as we found it the busy
time this summer. This seems to be the
least trouble in getting increase without
swarming; only bees do not always act
the same each year. One of my neigh-
bours had a swarm come out with the
queen from the new box the following day
after division, she was put back again,

626

THE BBITISH BEE JOUBKAIi.

Dec. 30, 1920.

the following day being wet she had to
stay there, and did not risk another try
on at swarming.

" Would it do to poit on a second body
box on a stock of ten frames with full
sheets of foundation? " The same writer
says he has no drawn-out combs. We
did this with several stocks this year ;
some we put on top, some underneath,
the brood chainber. Where the combs
were drawn out the queen soon took pOiS-
session ; those underneath were entered
first.

To me, it seems best to try all ways of
increase as a means to an end-' — ^that is
surplus honey. If bees swarm of them-
selves they do not stop at one swarm, but
will give off several if the queen cells are
left intact.

This last season we have tried several
ways to get sections filled up qviokly, ^ave
placed them over the brood chamber with
another box of standard bars over them
after the sections were started. We
always try to get sections filled as quickly
as possible, as they sell best in summer
when so many visitors are in Bourne-
mouth. Have tried all methods advanced
by writers of books, as well as ways
advanced by writers in the Joxjenal, to
build up population quickly ; the extra
brood box of combs with a good queen
seems to be the best means to do so ; even
though the workers fill the tops of combs
with honey, they leave a space for the
queen to lay eggs in the brood circle.
She only laid one lot ; after the brood had
developed the workers filled the cells with
honey after the young bees had left them.
The divided stocks gave me the most sec-
tions, and as I previously stated only one
of them swarmed. I hope this has been
made clear to our Co. Durham reader ;
will write him when time is more free.

Our bees were active on two days last
week ; they were dragging out some of the
old ones that had gone under in the week
of frost. I notice the fowls eat up these
as soon as they are on the ground (they
are never so eager to get near the
entrance in sumimer). Only saw bees on
the wing once, and that was on Christmas
Day at noon after church ; but the ball of
bees under the peephole of glass were all
in motion, so conclude that all is well
with them — J, J. Kettle.

Honey Imports.

The registered value of honey imported
into the United Kingdom during the
month of November, 1920, was £8,187. —
From a return furnished by the Statistical
Office, H.M. Customa,

Notes from Gretna Green.

CANDID COMMENTS.

I don't know what proportion of pre-
sent-day B.B.J, readers were subscribers
when Mr. W. B. Oarr was editor; but I
do know that the regular contributors
under the old regime are with one excep-
tion entirely absent from the Journal
of to-day.

[Comparing the list of contributors of
1909 with that of 1919, we find seven.
Mr. Ellis forgets himself. — Eds.]

I have a distinct recollection of Mr.
Oarr stating that the main strength of
the B.B.J, lay in the fact of its contri-
butions being " written by bee-keepers for
bee-keepers." The leading contributors
then, Mr. Macdonald and Mr, Woodley,
did indeed " write as bee-keepers, and
solely about bees," for the interesting and
instructive articles by these truly able men
are quite free from any " irrelevant
matter." Their energies were not diffused
lOver horticulture, arboriculture, and agri-
culture, but concentrated solely on apicul-
ture.

The writings of " D. M. M." are a per-
fect mine of information on bee-keeping,
the results of his own experience and
gleanings from the bee literature of other
lands. The two leading contributions of
the present day Journal are more versa-
tile and cater for those interested in other
"cultures" than apioulture, and the
question is whether such " side lines " are
desirable in " a journal devoted to the in-
terests of bee-keepers." On page 605 I
suggested that the .majority of B.B.J.
readers would prefer to hear Mr. Kettle
on honey production rather than on
market gardening.

The editorial note suggests the exact
oontraiy, and also runs contrary to the
views expressed by Mr. W. B. Carr. In
the coming year let us hear less of horti-
culture and more about better bee-keep-
ing. I see no reason why really practical
men, such as Atkinson and many others,
who are rarely heard from, should not be
invited to contribute oft>ener to The
British Bee Journal. The veteran
Simmins, a former contributor, might be
asked for contributions justifying his
assertion that given certain treatment
" no apiary and no colony need ever be
lost through 'Isle of Wight' disease."
And why should Smith not be asked to
give his views on the subject also?

These su'^gestions of mine may be per-
tinent, but they certainly are not, or
meant to be, impertinent. My views may
not be acceptable to some readers, and
they wiU doubtless send letters of protest
to our editor and others. I attach little
importance to such missives, written suh

Dec. 30, 1920.

THE BBinSH BEE JOURNAD.

627

rosa and probably by " nature lovers " or
non-beekeepers.

In fact, the only reader wbo has openly
challenged my views actually admits that
he has never kept bees ! (Page 598.)

I scarcely think this entitles him to
criticise me, unless, perhaps, in the
Gilbertian sense that a person who had
never been to sea was best qualified to be
" ruler of the King's Navee."

But I don't expect to find any practical
bee-keeper finding serious fault with the
suggestions put forward in this apd re-
cent contributions of mine. — J. M. Ellis.

[We did not intend our note on page
605 to boar the interpretation Mr. Ellis
puts upon it. It is one of those things
that should have been worded better.
Taken in conjunction with the whole of
the preceding paragraph, it certainly
would convey that impre&sion. What we
meant was that we are naturally more in
touch with our readers than Mr. Ellis,
and therefore in a better position to judge
whether they prefer articles on the culti-
vation of flowers for bees to be published,
or consigned to the waste-paper basket.

The point at issue is not whether the
writings of this or that contributor are
correct (was it not Mrs. Malaprop who
said, "Comparisons are odorous"?), but,
as stated bv Mr. Ellis in his first letter on
the subject (page 570), whether articles
telling what flowers are best to grow for
bee forage and for profit to the bee-
keeper are " entirely alien " to bee-keep-
ing, we say they ore not, and to that
opinion we still hold. Bees and flowers
are too dependent one upon the other
to be in any way alien to each other.
One writer may tell how and when to
grow forage for the bees, and what are
the most useful flowers for the purpose,
and another may tell how to manage the
bees to take full advantage of the forage
provided, but no matter how skilful the
bee-keeper may be, his efforts will not
avail if there is a lack of flowers, for
without them bees are useless.

We adhere to our note on p«ge 606.
That matter is our business. We do not
doubt the good faith of Mr. Ellis, and
though he may have had no intention of
being impertinent, the paragraph was so
tactless as in our opinion to amount to
that. It is not within the province of
Mr. Ellis to catechise us as to whom we
have a&ked for contributions, or why we
have, or have not done so. In reference
to a remark in the first paragraph of his
notes on page 592, we may say that so far
as the writers he mentions, and others
also, our relations with them are perfectly
cordial.

We suggest this matter should now drop.
Mr. Ellis has had his say and made his
protest. We see no reason for altering

our policy, and those who enjoy Mr.
Kettle's and other writers' articles, and
find in them information that is of value
to bee-keepers, may be certain such
articles will still find a place while the
writers continue to send them. Probably
in another ten or twenty years, whoever
may have the honour of occupying our
chair, will be receiving letters bemoaning
the loss of such writers as Kettle, Hem-
ming, etc., and asking that their articles
should be reprinted !

With reference to the suggestion to
invite Mr. Simmins to justify certain
statements, as to treatment in order to
escape "Isle of Wieht " disease, possibly
he may find time to do so some time in the
near future. We notice in a con-
temporary Mr. Ellis says that " prac-
tical bee-keepers working on common-
sense lines have found a remedy and suc-
ceeded in mastering ' Isle of Wight '
disease," and also that these methods
" have kept my small apiary free from
any loss since 1918." Will Mr. Ellis give
these methods for the benefit of our
readers? We venture to say they will
reach a far greater number of bee-keepers
t\an t^ey will in the columns of a news-
paper, and be more acceptable to them
tliac this controversy. — Eds.]

The Season in Aberdeenshire.

(Continued from page 606.)
Right on to the end of July the
weather conditions were most unfavour-
able both to bees and to the secretion of
nectar. Dav succeeded day, dull, cool,
and sunless with cold winds often blowing
and the temperature several degrees below
normal July weather. There were in all
only some six or seven days which coiild
be really designated " bee weather,"
although the afternoons sometimes bright-
ened up, and bees took full advantage of
the few hours left to them. No " slackers "
and no " ca' canny " policy with them !
All through East Aberdeenshire and the
North-East of Scotland generally white
clover was unusually abundant, and had
the weather been right a good harvest
would have been reaped.

Taken all over the results may bo put
as follows: — Very few colonies gave up to
SOlbs. surplus, and many good stocks
managed up to between 30 and 401bs. ;
fair stocks registered about 201bs., and
many gave no surplus at all. Late
swarms and the parent stocks which gave
tbem will require feeding to pass the
winter safely.

August came in with little improve-
ment in weather, although on the whole
the temperature was a little higher, but
the honey flow from white clover was over

628

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 30, 1920.

with probably the poorest hoUey harvest
on record. Heather districts had practi-
cally a similar tale to tell, and only about
one-third of a 2:ood seasons' crop of heather
sections materialised by the middle of
September, which month was notoriously
wet and foggy, keeping both farmers and
bees in enforced idleness. Much damage
■vfis caused to corn crops by excessive rains
followed by thick fogs throughout Septem-
ber. Since then the season has been a
remarkably mild and open one.

Reference has been, repeatedly made in
'B.B.J, during the past season to the
large number of queens lost on mating
flights. In the coxirse of a month's tour-
ing work for the Aberdeen and Kincar-
dine Association I found this loss very
serious in some districts, especially so in
the more exposed localities. In one apiary
where I " drummed " five skeps, three
were without queens or brood, and had
dwindled greatly since they had swarmed
six weeks previously.

I.O.W. disease, although still pre-
valent in several districts, seems to be
losing its grir* somewhat, and cases where
stocks had thrown off the incubus and
were healthy and vigorous, are on the
increase. Indeed, some apiaries that had
more than onoe been almost destroypd are
now carrying on successfully. We all look
forward to brighter prospects next year.

The Drone .... in 1920.

Before the year closes may the writer
be allowed to add to the records already
made by others, his personal experience?
Even if it comes, as it were, as a tale that
is told, and from a novice withal, it may
suggest direction for observation to others
more adept at manipulation. That implies
that these notes are offered in complete
humility of spirit.

Be it known to all men by these presents,
that ...

In a south-west corner of Staffordshire,
in the beautiful borderland that opens
upon the Severn valley and the rich
Shropshire countryside, right in the heart
of tbe Albrighton Hunt, lies a garden-
just a villa garden — from the pathways of
which one looks out across miles of im-
dulatirtg aerieultural lands. There is the
location of the novice's hives, and round
about, in great profusion, all the nectar-
yioldino' plants of value, in their season.

I commenced the 1920 season during the
fbird week in Anril. with a splendid ten-
frame stock of hybrids sent to me by a
well-known breeder, as headed by a 1010
nueen. and likely to swarm very early.
The hive, capable of carryins; twelve
standard frames in the brood chamber,
was made up to its full frame capacity

when the bees were installed. It was good
to see how those bees went to work. With-
in ten days they had drawn out, and fully
occupied the additional combs, and supers
were added to give room. In a fortnight
they had from 15 to 20 lbs. of honey in the
shallow combs. They were left at that,
and watched.

There appeared to be a huge pre-
ponderance of drones, and upon okjca-
sions when it seemed a swarm might issue
drones were flying in great numbers.
They crowded the alighting board, and
the emtralnce and madte! pandemonium
about the hive stand. My observations
of those days led me to the conviction
that the drones were to some extent
masters of the situation. The foragers
seemed greatly disconcerted. Coming
from the hive they had difficulty in
getting ' away. Eeturning they had
greater difficulty in effecting entrance
with their loads. Many, many loads
were lost then. The little balls of golden,
yellow, and grey pollen lay aboiit all over
the place.~*^I believe that to the worker
bees, as to my intelligence, the drone was
an intolerable muisance

Eventually, the swarm issued, and I
had hopes. The swarm was secured, and
hived, and has made excellent progress,
having apparently settled down to winter
thoroughly tucked in in something ap-
proximating to its own natural way.
That hive is a special one of my own
construction — patented — and now in the
hands of Dr. Abushady.

But those drones still persisted with
their methods in the parent hive, and as a
consequence no less than five istrong casts
emerged, at proper intervals, after the
prime swarm had been taken. After the
first cast I used every means I could
devise to trap drones. Whole areas of
drone-brood, capped and uncapped, were
destroyed, and only one queen cell out
of four found was' left to mature. By
the aid of an excluder, when signs of
swarming were in evidence, I managed to
trap and drown some thousands of drones,
and it appeared the only way. I sought
to enlist the aid of the bees themselves
by removing the honey surplus, but they
had been before me: they had reduced it
to one quarter. Of course, I took tliat
away.

Had I had a stock of qiieetis to fertilise
no one could have desired better speci-
mens than tbp really beautiful dtones I
was blessed with.

Tu my case, to sum un, drones had a
riotous season, which had its effect tinon
tbe boney storage, and evidenced itself in
at least one other undesirable way.
Rjghtlv or wrongly, I have formed the
conclusion that during 1020 nature has
boon at het- VfigaHes with the beeS aS

Dec. 30, 1920.

THE BBinSH BEE JOUBNAL.

629

with other creatures. Try as we might,
we could not adequately control this
drone preponderance. Everyone seems to
have some comment upon the excessive
number of male creatures in some direc-
tion or other. Poultry-keepers, I under-
stand, are complaining of the number of
cockerels hatched as out of all propor-
tion to pullets. I have myself been for-
tunate this year in purchasing a valu-
able pedigree Shorthorn bull, from well-
known breeders, an opportunity which
would not have occurred had the sex of
the animal been different.

But the most unpleasant feature of the
drone's activities is one for which I shall
keep close watch in future. After one
period of disturbance, such as I have
described, I saw upon the alighting
board a worker bee in trouble; there was
a pi^otuberance fro<m the exitremity of
the abdomen which I regarded as excreta.
Pouncing upon her, I carried her care-
fully indoors, and placed her under a
powerful microscope. Imagine my con-
sternation at finding there the genital
organs of a drone !

No, Sir. That bee was an ordinary
worker, she was not a young queen.
A. G. Channon-Davies.

Woodcote,

Wightwick,

Near Wolverhampton.

Wit and Wisdom on the
Gotswolds.

I have often been much amused at the
sayings of cottage bee-keepers, and in
the attached have related a few of them;
thinking you might like them for the
British Bee JotrRNAL.

He shuffled to the old wall and looked
over up the crooked village street.

We had just come from the bee-gar-
den, where a row of skeps stood along
the edge of the path.

" Noa," he said, scornfully, " I never
'ave fed 'um an' I beant a-goin' ter
begin now at seven ty-vour. As I says
ter the missus, if they dies wen I takes
nuthin', where 'ud they be if I did?
Look at that there ' cut ' (skep) now.
He've got no honey I'll be bound, an' tha
wampses be alius a-goin' in an' out. I
can't stop the varmints nowhow. Now,
'spose I fed 'um what 'ud I be doin'—
Feedin' the wampses — course I 'ud."
* * *

I cycled through the village in search
of bees to drive. A friendly skeppist
directed me to call on " owd David,
'cause 'e've got a sight o' bees in 'is
gardin."

Arrived at the gate of his cottage,

" owd David ' ' came down the garden
path, the two black patches on the knees
of his corduroy trousers Jooking strange
in the sunshine.

" Noa, sur, I doant want my bees
driiv. I alius takes 'em myself, I does.
I likes ter be ke-ind ter my beesl I
nllus stifles 'em, then I knows wat be-
comes on 'em."

* * *

The old countryman looked in distress.
One eye closed up, and the other nearly
so, so that to open either fully required
the helj) of thumb and forefinger.

His mountainous cheek told its own
tale. He had been stung I This was how
it came about.

" One o' them bee-men came ter I
an' told I as if I'd let 'im put 'is bees
in my gardin they 'ud fert'lise the blos-
soms, an' we 'ud 'ave more fruit, more
gooseberries, more broad be-eans. So I
looked at 'im, then I says, ' That's wat
we wants, bring 'um 'ere, and put yer
boxes along yon 'edge.' Well, 'e brought
'um on a ke-art, an' we put 'um along
under the 'edge, 'e used ter look at 'um
a lot, I thought, 'e called it ' maniper-
la^hion,' blowing of 'em with 'ee's
bellis. I said 'twas messin' 'em about!
Well, wen the fruit was ripe we started
to pick it by 'em. We wasn't ther' long.
They come out arter I, an' kiched I on
me fe-oice. Talk about more fruit! We
couldn't pick what we did 'ave!

" So I goes down ter the police-station
an'arsts fer two summonses. They looks
at I, an' says, ' What d'yer want ter take
two summonses fer? ' ' Well,' I says,
I 'ad two stings, didn't I? Look at me
fe-oice ! '

" Noa, I beant a-gwine ter 'ave no more
bee-boxes in my gardin — not if I 'nows

it."

* * -x-

I pulled up outside the cottage with a
^iflo-oar load of boxes ready to begin
bee-driving. Already I could hear the
deep, heavy hum of bees as they flashed
over the wall. Some unusual commotion
seemed to be in progress, so I inquired
of the cottager's wife the reason.

" Aye, maister, 'tis a sad job," waving
her hand in the direction of the church,
lying in a dip in the village, " all the
marning they've bin at it, a-terrifying
of 'em. The passon's bees be on the ram-
pace! 'E kips them wooden bee-boxes:
an' e an' 'is man be aJlus a-robbin' of
'em. 'E makes 'em that powerful — then
'o goes an' robs 'em o' their 'oney. As
I says ter Jones (her husband) them
boos baint a-gwine ter stop robbed long.
Xo. that thoT baint, I'll be dazzed.
They turns to an' robs oum. T'other

630

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Bee. 30, 1920.

night Jones plastered up round the 'oles
o' our skips with a bit of summut, but
that didn't stop 'em ; not it ! They be
that daring — goes in an' drags ourn out,
an' makes off with the 'oney. I believe
they sucks qur bees dry. I'll give the
passon a bit o' my mind — that I will —
as soon as ever I daps eyes on 'im."
^A. H. Bo WEN.

Novelties for 1920.

CANDT FEEDING BOX.

Miss H. C. Master, of Morton Grange,
Thornbury, Gloucester, has invented a

the glass cover, and the bees will once
more have free entry into the box.

According to the sample sent to us for
inspection and as shown in the drawing,
the entrance to the bee escape a is always
open, land it appears to us that the candy
granules will tend to choke the escape.
As the escape is only required when the
hole b is closed, it might be an advantage
to so construct the slide c that it covers
the escape entrance when the hole h is
open and uncovers it when the hole h is
closed. Or possibly a separate slide could
be provided for controlling the entrance
to the escape.

The Master Candy Feeding Box.

new appliance, of which we give an illus-
tration. It consists of a candy feeding
box having a bottom fitted with a Porter
bee escape a and formed with a hole h
that is controlled by a slide c. Extend-
ing across the box above the bottom are
lengths of wire d adapted to support a
cake of candy, and a glass cover e is
arranged to slide in grooves formed in
the walls of the box.

The appliance is particularly suitable
for use by inexperienced persons, and will,
no doubt, be welcome to nervous bee-
keepers, for one can see at once when a
fresh cake of candy is required, and by
manipulating the slide c so as to close
the hole b, which is, of course, normally
open to allow bees access to candy in the
box, the bees will in due course pass down
through the bee escape a, and when all
the bees have in this way left the box
the glass cover e can be withdrawn and
a fresh cake of candy placed in the box
in comfort, and without risk of stings
or disturbing the bees. The slide c can
then be again withdrawn, after replacing

The EditoTB do not hold thetnselveB reiponaibl*
for the opinions expressed by correspondents. No
notice uiill be taken of anonymotis communications ,
and correspondents are requested to write on on»
side of the paper only and give their real nam*
and addresses, not necessarily for publication, but
as a guarantee of good faith. Illustrations should
be drawn on separate pieces of paper. We do not
undertake to return rejected communications.

Native v. Foreign Bees.

[10356] In reference to Mr, Wood's let-
ter (10,345) I would like to say that I
think we are a little at cross purposes. In
speaking of "Italian" bees I always
mean the Italian variety, that is the bees
with three yellow bands, which are origi-
nally indigenous to Italy. It may be
that they have been bred for many
generations in our climate, or even a much

Dec. 30. 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

631

colder one. I cannot speak with any cer-
tainty of bees from queens imported from
Italy, since I have never had such a thing.
I have bred pure Italians myself, and
bought them from other English bee-
breeders, and also from bee-breeders in
the United States. I do not think Mr.
Wood will contend that bees bred for many
generations in the Northern States of
America, can be described as delicate or
unsuited to our climate.

I recognise, of course, that it is neces-
sary for breeders in this country to pro-
cure a certain number of queens from
Italy in order to have the means of breed-
ing an acclimatised strain of Italian bees
here, but I believe it a great mistake to
import numbers of Italian queens and
send them direct to thousands of English
bee-keepers. It is a policy I am unable
to understand. More especially does this
appear to me to be the case when one con-
siders the terms on which business is done
in queens between this country and Italy.

I>o your readers ever consider the rate
of exchange in these matters? Looking
at the paper to-day I find that the Italian
exchange is about 98, which means that
a pound sterling will buy nearly 100 lira
or four times the normal rate. Therefore
for every queen an Italian queen breeder
sells at 10s., let us say, he gets £2 worth
of Italian currency. But I may be told
that the payee cannot buy much with his
100 lira — well perhaps not, but he can
buy as much with 10s. sterling as he can
with 50 lira paid to him by one of his own
countrymen. It would be interesting to
know what the charges for queens are in
Italy.

However, post-war conditions have left
the exchanges in an extraordinary condi-
tion all over the world, and I find if I buy
a queen in America I have to buy dollars
at about $3.40, because while Italians are
ready, and indeed careful to price their
goods in sfeiiing, Americans take jolly
good care to do nothing of the sort.

Beyond all this is the fact that, as Mr.
Wood says, if you want to weaken your
strain of bees, purchase from a semi-tro-
pical climate.

If I might venture to put my finger into
such a very hot stew, I would suggest that
possibly what Mr. Ellis (p.- 592) means is
that it is a mistake that such a very large
proportion of the space of the B.B.J, is
devoted to subjects alien to the business
of bee-keeping, such as " Jarge and Wil-
liam," gardening, doggerel rhymes, etc.
But myself I fully appreciate the fact that
you, sir, as editor should, and no doubt;
do, know the stuff that sells best, which
is, after all, the thing. An editor puts
into a paper as far as he can what the
bulk of his readers like. For instance if

business fruit growers liked to read all
about bees, rabbits, poultry, etc., why I
suppose the editor would put it in, and
the " Fruitgrower " would change its
character accordingly. — R. B. Manley.

Experience with Swarms in
Ireland.

[10357] I notice in Tee British Bee
Journal that you recently expressed a
wish for notes, etc., from Ireland, and
possibly two experiences that I had this
last year might be of interest to some of
your readers. Both these experiences
were in connection with swarms. The
first were not my bees, but belonged to
a friend of mine, who telephoned to me
that the bees had swarm^ed in the absence
of the owner. I went and got these bees
with difl&culty, as they had swarmed on
the hough of an oak tree some 25 ft.
high, and hived them. This was early in
July last. They were put into a hive
with ten frames, with full foundation in
same, and they had these drawn out
within a ' week, being a very strong
swarm ; I should imagine it weighed 6
or 7 lbs. ' Three racks of sections were
put on, and at the beginning of Septem-
iser about forty-five good sections were
taken from this swarm. A little later in
September I examined this hive again,
and found that they had over 30 lbs. of
honey in the brood chamber to winter
upon. At the time it was a complete
mystery how these bees were doing so
well, as, to start with, it was a very late
swarm, and there were two other stocks
in the same^ garden within a few feet of
them that were doing nothing at all on
account of the exceedingly bad weather in
the district. The whole year was bad
from the very start. The fruit blossom
was practically a failure, as it was very
wet and cold at the time the blossom was
out. The clover was not much, better, as
there was so much rain. We also get in
this district a very fine crop of black-
berries, but this was also poor this year
on account of the rain and cold. I ex-
amined the other two stocks at the same
time, and found that they required a con-
siderable amount of feeding for the
winter. When I heard of this swarm first
I thought it was most probably from one
of the other stocks in the garden, but on
examination of these stocks I found that
this was not so. althoiigh they were the
same kind of bees — pure Italians — and
therefore it was a mystery where they
cam« from. However, just about this
time the owner heard by accident that a
swarm of pure Italians had been lost in
July from quite close by, and not only
had they lost the swarm, but the hive
they came out of had been robbed of prac-

632

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 30, 1920.

tically every particle of honey that it con-
tained. Without a doubt I think this
solves the mystery of how the swarm gave
such a fine surplus and stored such a large
amount of honey in so short a time.

I am only a beginner with bees, having
kept them only for two or three years,
but I have spoken to several experienced
bee-keepers about this matter, and I have
not yet heard of anybody who has had a
similar experience of a swarm robbing
the stock that they swarmed from, and I
should be much obliged if the editor would
put a footnote to this letter, and let me
know if this is a common occurrence.

[It is not at all a common occurrence.
—Eds.]

Another interesting experience that I
had with my own bees was a stock that
were in a large hive with about fifteen
frames, which swarmed in the middle of
July last. As just at this time there had
been a considerable amount of rain, I
did not know they had swarmed until I
received a message from somQ friends of
mine who live about two miles distance
away that there was a good swarm of bees
in their apple loft. I went to this place
and found that this swarm had taken
possession of an old hive with ten frames
of comb which had been put away
in the apple loft. The previous year
the bees in this hive had died from "Isle
of Wight " disease, and the whole hive
and frames of comb had been put in the
apple loft and forgotten.. This hive had
about 25 lbs. of lioney in the combs. I
took the whole lot home and immediately
examined this large Hive, and found that
it had swarmed a few days previously.
Without a doubt these bees had swarmed
from this hive, as they were hybrids, and
I do not know of anybody else who has
bees of this kind within the immediate
vicinity. The swarm was a very good one,
and covered ten combs, and they had not
to be fed at all for winter, as they had
ample stores. They showed no signs
whatever of disease from being put into
a diseased hive, and I believe they are
absolutely all right. To me, at any rate,
the above two experiences are of consider-
able interest ; first, what bees will do
where robbing is concerned, and secondly,
the question of bees taking possession of
a hive that was diseased. Naturally, I
shall watch this hive closely next spring.
It has been a very bad year in this dis-
trict on account of the reasons mentioned
before concerning the weather.

I must say, in again referring to the
article in which you invite correspondence
from Ireland, and also certain articles in
your paper not altogether bee articles, as
a very keen beginner I should be very
sorry not to see such articles as are
written by Mr. Kettle and others every

week. They are of great interest to me
from the horticultural point of view, as
well as bee-keeping. — J.S.D., Sth. Co.
Dublin.

The B.B.J, and its Contributors.

[10358] Since the matter appearing
in The British Bee Journal has lately
become the subject of criticism, perhaps
a few candid remarks from an old reader
may not be unwelcome. Whether you
print the whole or only portions of this
letter, or consign it to the waste-paper
basket, I shall not quarrel with your
judgment, but I wish to write quite
frankly.

'I shall not waste time praising the good
qualities of The British Bee Journal.
It is sufiicient to state that I have taken
it regularly for 20 years, and intend to
go on doing so.

While fully admitting the merits and
interest of the writings of Mr. Kettle and
others which go outside the limits of bee-
keeping proper, and recognising that
they may be of considerable value to
many readers who combine, or contem-
plate combining, bee-keeping with other
kindred pursuits, I must confess that I
personally prefer The British "Biee
Journal of 20 years ago, with its articles
by Messrs. Woodley, Loveday, D. M. M.,
and others, with occasional extracts from
American bee papers by such masters of
the craft as the late Dr. Miller and G. M.
Doolittle. Their writings were mostly
confined to the practical apiculture, and
were full of good things equally interest-
ing to the novice or the advanced bee-
keeper.

The really weak point of The British
Bee Journal to my mind, however, does
not lie in its excursions into market-
gardening, fruit culture, etc., but in its
apparent readiness to print almost any
communication received. Here, I know,
I am on dangerous ground. The British
Bee Journal needs and deserves all the
support it can get, and it is not unlikely
that some persons might cease to take
the paper if their letters were not printed.
The Editors have to consider all this.
We sometimes get letters propounding
wild theories about diseases and other
difficult questions, or opinions from abso-
lute novices as to the merits of this or
that hive or race of bee. Such matter
could well be left out. I do not wish to
see unorthodox theories excluded, nor un-
known writers muzzled, and beginners'
letters are worth printing when they have
sornething interesting to relate, but
nothing should be inserted unless it pos-
sesses a certain intrinsic value or interest.
T refrain from giving examples, as I think
the sort of thing I am criticising will be
quite clear both to you and your readers.

Dec. 30, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAt.

633

Because I have confined myself to what
I consider defects in The British Bee
JouBNAL please do not regard me as an
unfriendly or hostile critic. The British
Bee Journal has far more good points
than weak ones L. Illingworth.

[We appreciate and quite under-
stand Mr. lUingworth's criticism. Some
of the letters and articles published
we do not like, but if we consign
them to the waste-paper basket we
should at once be accused of muzzling
writers with whose ideas or theories we
do not agree. We do not want the
Journal to be a reflection of our own
opinions only, but to give all a chance as
far as possible. We will bear our corre-
spondent's remarks in mind, but we can-
not promise to exclude all the matter he
takes exception to. We do not by any
means print all we receive, even if other-
wise short of '' copy." We have a decent-
sized file of unpublished manuscript. —
Eds.]

[103503 I don't for a moment suppose
that a little superficial clamour would lead
you to put your blue pencil through the
interesting nature notes interapefsed
through the communications of some of
your best contributors; but, lest you
should be adversely influenced by such
criticism, I write to remind you that many
of your readers would be greatly disap-
pointed to miss the touch of human or
general kinship with nature, which not
Only brightens the articles, but enables
one to enter into an appreciative contact
with the writer's mind. — Frank T. Paul.

The Production of Heather Honey.

[10360] I expected someone more able
to write than myself to make some remarks
on Mr. Price's lecture on heather. In
the first place, he states that the queen
stops laying after the honey harxiest is
over, which in my district is about Sep-
tember 15. So. if she was to lay up to this
date, they would make good bees for win-
tering; but my experience is that she is
crowded out of empty cells to lay in as
soon as the honey flow is on, filling every
cell with honey as the bees emerge, with
only a small patch of bj-ood at the end of
the harvest.

But what struck me most was the state-
ment by sTich an authority as Mr. Price
that pure heather honey does not granu-
late, when, as a matt-er of fact, I have
.never seen a sample of pure heather that
would 710^ granulatie if not heated. I
may say that I have been a bee-keeper
for thirty-nine years on a large scale, and
with thousands of acres of heather to work
on (and I always have some bees amongst
the heather, where they <»n have nothing

else to work on) ; also, I have won scores
of prizes for heather honey at the best
shows over England, and against .some of
the best Scotch exhibitors, such as Mr.
McNally, etc. I am not boasting of this,
but merely to prove that I know some-
thing of what I am writing about. What
made me write this was that it was very
misleading to buyers of pure heather
honey. I shovild like to see a word on
this by bee-keepers in heather districts. —
J. Berrt, Llanrwst, N. Wales.

[Mr. Berry is well known to all bee-
keepers as a producer and exhibitor of
heather honey, in which class he has won
a number of prizes. Anyone who can beat
him on the show bench with heather honey
may pride themselves on the achievement.
His opinion, therefore, carries weight.
We believe that Mr. W. Herrod-Hempsall
first stated that pure heather honey does
not granulate (see our note to letter
10355, page 622), and Mr. Price, in his
lecture, agreed with him. We are open
to conviction, and should be pleased if
Mr. Berry could send us a sample of pure
heather honey that has granulated. — Eds.]

Re-Queening, Acari, etc.

[10861] I should like to tender a word
of advice to those who may contemplate
the de-queening of their stocks in order
to secure increased surplus to be careful,
or they may defeat the very end which
they have in view.

I agree that it is quite necessary to
exercise some form of brood-control at
the time of the honey-flow, especially with
Italians, whose tendency to make brood-
production keep pace with the gathering
of store is their great defect. But of all
the known ways of effecting this, de-
qneening the stocks is, in my experience,
the very worst, and in my own apiaries I
have repeatedly seen a stock which had
previously been working splendidly " down
tools " immediately on being de-queened,
and refuse to do another stroke of work
till provided with a laying mother.

There is now a vast amount of Italian
blood in the country, and I rather suspect
that the imperative, need for checking the
brood during the honey-flow, if a surplus
is to be obtained, is not so well under-
stood as it might be, where Italians are
concerned. It might not therefore be a
bad thing if during the dead season you
could open your columns to a good discus-
sion of the best means of effecting this
without discouraging the bees.

[We shall be very pleased to have any
articles or letters on the subject. — Eds.]

With regard to the new theory of the
causation of " Isle of Wight " disease,
some of oT^r friends seem a little prema-
ture in taking it for granted that every

634

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

Dec. 30, 1920.

case of crawling is due to acari, and that
our old friend Nosema has nothing what-
ever to do with it. It is quite possible
that paralysis of the wings and consequent
inability to void faeces may be due to both
acari and Nosema, and, indeed, to other
causes at present undiscovered. So it is
no use jumping to conclusions j we must
simply wait and see.

" Bees do nothing invariably." I do
not believe it. It is merely the house of
refuge for the " expert " who tries to
cover up his failure by attributing it to
the perversity of the bees rather than his
own lack of skill. A writer in the Ameri-
can Bee Journal recently put it more to
my taste in something like the following
words: " Bees invariably react in exactly
the same way to a precisely similar set
of conditions." That is a basis upon
which science can build. — Hugh Houston,
Sidcup, Kent.

Norwich Notes and Notions.

[10362] I offer a suggestion to foimda-
tion makers — ^^why not coat a thin wood
material such as used for dividers in sec-
tion racks with wax with the usual worker
cell impression? This would mean a
stiffer foundation with less wax used. The
adivantages would be many, no wiring
needed, no sagging, a flatter and stronger
comb would be the result ; this means
much when one extracts from standard
frames, also no breakdowns in combs
when handling or travelling.

[This has been done some years ago.
Other materials also have been used as a
base for comb, but none of them have
been a success.— Eds.]

If the wood material were cut the size
of frames and sold, also a metal roller
with the worker impression iipon it, one
could utilise his or her wax and make
their own foundation these winter
evenings.

I have one Italian stock I could say a
lot about. This istands by itself, and for
the last seven or. eight years I must have
had forty to fifty generations, all close in-
breeding, and I can assure you that it
is the best all-round bee I have had or
seen, and this is saying something after
all the strains I have tried. One strain
I bought some years ago from a noted
breeder was a Carniolan and Italian cross ;
this was the " stingiest " stock I have
ever handled. A cross between two gentle
strains makes a savage one. Dutch I have
discarded long ago; Dutch and Italian
cross are nearly as bad as the Carniolan
and Italian cross.

In writing about perpetual honey flows,
is it not a case of robbing sometimes?
One of my Italian stocks did well in late
October, stored enough for the winter

from somewhere. Some folks get perpetual
"money" flows; the only perpetual I
get is from my Percy with his " Perpetual
Mobile " on the violin, it's a case of the
sharps running after the flats ; anyway,
I must be content as a " natural."

I have seen Australian honey retailed in
Norwich at Is. per lb. ; mine I sell at 2s.
I have not a good pitch for getting honey,
but I find that bees from a bad pitch do
exceedingly well when they are removed
to another one; they revel to make up
for lost time, as it were.

The chiildren are counting upon Christ-
mas ; the bee-men are looking for the New
Year, and it's my sincere wish to all for
a bright and prosperous one for them and
the bees. — A. Teowse, Eade Road, Nor-
wich.

Peculiar Behaviour of Bees.

[10363] Re letter No. 10349, I would
suggest to Mr. H. E. Newton that the
reason the fertile queens were cast out
was that an unfertile queen had hatched
in his six-framed stock, and she was the
culprit. If the bees had balled the
strange queens no doubt their wings
would have been frayed very much.

When the swarm was united to the
stock no doubt there were enough bees to
defend their own queen.

I had a similar case this season, but
only lost one fertile queen before I found
the culprit, which was a qiieen very little
larger than a worker, and I had hunted
through the stock very closely before in-
troducing the fertile queen. — Richard
Ling, Lime Tree Apiary, Briston, Norfolk.

Combs from Other Hives.

Dr. Gummings and His Queen
Bees.

According to Lord Frederick Hamilton,
Dr. Cummings, the celebrated preacher
of the Victorian era, was a great bee ex-
pert. One day he called to show Lord
Frederick's mother four queen bees of a
new breed, each bee travelling in a small
paper bag.' After displaying his trea-
sures, being an absent-minded man, he
slijTped the bags into his tail-coat pocket,
and shortly afterwards leaned against the
mantelpiece.

The queens, resenting the pressure,
stung for all they were worth. The grim
parson, whose specialty was to foretell the
end of the world at aja early date, yelled
with pain, and skinned round the room,
to the great delight of the young
Hamilton s, who were accustomed to see
him in all his glory in the pulpit. — From
News of the World, October 2, 1920.-

Dec. 30, 1920.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

635

Special Prepaid Advertisements.

On« Penny per Word.

Trade advertisements of Bees, Honey, Queens,
and Bee goods are not permissible at above rate,
but will be inserted at l^d. per word as " Busi-
ness " Announcements, immediately under tlie
Private Advertisements. Advertisements of Hive-
manufacturers can only be inserted at a minimum
charge of 5s. per Ji/u, or 5s. per inch.

PRIVATE ADVMBTISEMENTS are only in-
tended for readers having Surplus Stock to
dispose of. Driven Bees, Nuclei, and Queens
that are reared or imported for sale, are
Trade Advertisements, and can only be accepted
under trade terms. A charge of 6d. extra will be
made if a box number is used.

Advertisements must reach us NOT LATER
than FIRST POST on MONDAY MORNING for
insertion in the " Journal " the same week.

Orders for three or more consecutive insertions
in " The Bee Journal " entitle advertisers to one
insertion in " The Bee-Keepers' Record " free of
charge.

PRIVATE ADVBRTISEMENTS.

HEATHER HONEY, finest quality Scotch, in
7, 14 and 28-lb. tins, 24s. 6d., 43s., and 956.,
carriage paid; al6o high-class White Honey.—
WHYTE, Bee Farm, Cumbernauld, Dumbarton-
shire. r.k.l37

EEICA CARNEA, the heather that blooms in
February, dwarf bushy plants, now showing
bud, quite hardy, 4s. dozen, poet free. — S. E.
LYTLE, Bunbryan, Formby, Lfancs. r.k.l38

CORRESPONDENCE Coursfls in Bee-keeping.—
H. B. NEWTON. Hobart Road, New Milton,
Hants. r.k.69

WHITE LEGHORNS (Barron's strain).— Sit-
tings of Eggs, 12s. 6d.; delivery January,
February, March.— MRS. HOWARD LEE, Bowden,
Burgess Hill, Sussex. r.k.l30

WANTED, Handy Man who understands bees,
horses, and can do rough joinering. Stale
wages expected.— YOTJN6, 42, James Street, Cam-
bridge. r.k.ll7

NOW BOOKING ORDERS, delivery January,
February, March, £2 sittings of Eggs and
Day-old Chicks (Barron's), Wliite Leghorns, Brown
Leghorns; White and Fawn and White Runner
Ducks, White Wyandottes, sittings Iflfl. 6d. to
35s. a dozen. Chicks double.— MRS. M. ANDER-
SON, Poultry Dept.. Hermitage Poultry Farm,
High Hurstwood, Sussex. Manager : Miss M. D.
Sillar. k.93

PURE LIGHT CAMBRIDGE HONEY (guaran-
teed), 14-lb. tins, 30s.; 28-lb. tins, 57s. 6d., car-
riage paid.— YOUNG, 42, James Street, Cambridge.

r.k.l45

BUSINESS ABVEBTISEMENTS.

lid. per word.

TMPORTED ITALIAN QUEENS FOR I921.-List
J. on application.— PEARSON & GALE, Marl-
borough. r.k.88

DEVONSHIRE.— Old Cottage with large garden,
£100; Symonds Yat, two plots land, 1 acre
and i acre. Herefordshire, seven-roomed Cottage,
4 acre land. All vacant and freehold. Ideal bees.
Particulars, stamp.— SMITH, 117, Gt. Hampton
Street, Birmingham. r.k.l42

ARTISTICALLY Illustrated Catalogue in con-
nection with Dutch Bee.s and Bee-keeping sent
free on request, containing information about
queens, management, etc., making it an interesting
booklet.— WHYTE, "The Bee Farm," Cumber-
nauld, Dumbartonshire. r.k.l44

MASHEATH HIVES are made by their designer
and originator, M. ATKINSON, The Bee
Park, Fakenham, who will be pleased to reply to
all inquires. r.k.l41

TTALIAN QUEENS direct from Italy.— Address,
JL E. PENNA, Bologna, Italy. Prist List for 1921
on application. r.k.jjsi

ENSURE A GOOD HONEY CROP next year by
purchasing one of our noted 6-frame Italian
Stocks. Illustrated Catalogue free on application.
—PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. r.k.l28

BEE BOOKS FOR NEW YEAR PRESENTS.—
You can get the Books of the leading
authorities in this and other countries from E. J.
BURTT, Stroud Road, Gloucester. Special List
free on receipt of a postcard. k.l20

WIGHT" DISEASE.— Prevention and removal.
Advice 6s.— ALP. BY ALL, Cottage Farm,

near Camp, Stroud. r.k.l45

BEES AND QUEENS FOR 1921.— Send for our
new Illustrated Catalogue, free on applica-
tion.—PEARSON & GALE, Marlborough. r.k.l27

IMPORTANT !— In spite of the increased cosi of
appliances and carriage, we are offering our
celebrated 6-frame Stocks at reduced prices. Cata-
logue free on application.— PEARSON & GALE,
Marlborough. r.kJ.29

KEEP IN TOUCH with modern bee-keeping
thought by reading the bee-keeping journals.
I shall be pleased to book orders for " Gleanings
in Bee Culture," 7s. per year; " The American Bee
Journal," 10s. per year; " L'Apiculture Francaise,"
3s. 6d. per year, each monthly and post paid.—
E. J. BURTT, Stroud Road, Gloucester. k.ll9

A WELL-ESTABLISHED FIRM wishes to hear
of bee-keepers who would guarantee to supply
them with Nuclei May-June next.— Box 107. B.B.J
OfBce, 23, Bedford Street, Strand, W.C.2. r.J.42

9ZV^-i -qSnoJoqiJ^K 'aiVO V NOSHVaj

— 'IBei JOj su^anj) puB sa-ag jo anSoiBju,^ c^
pa^yjisnni Man mo Joj Xiuo gavcKLSOd qf?gb

HAVE YOU READ "THE BEE WORLD"?
If not, why not? Every number in itself is
a useful literary work for practice and reference.
Specimen copy free.— Offices : THE APIS CLUB,
Port Hill House, Benson, Oxon.

The products of the Apiary, of
Poultry and Farm Stock, of
the Fruit and Vegetable
Garden can be Advertised
and Sold through

THE

BAZAAB, EXCHANGE & MART

Newspaper,
Get a Copy — Thursday and Saturday 3d. The
"Bazaar" publishes also practical handbooks by
experts. Send for full catalogue, post free from —
WINDSOR HOUSE, Breanu BnUdiiigi, LONDON. E.C.2.

THE

British Bee-Keepers* Association.

The recognised centre of practical and
scientific bee-keeping in Great Britain.
Particulars and conditions of member-
ship may be obtained from the Secretary,
W. HEIUtOD-HEMFSA!.!.. 23, Bedford
Street, Strand, Aoadoji, W.C.2.

636

THE BRinsa BEE JOUENAL.

Dec. 30, 1920.

1921 IS COMING.

The following Unsolicited Reports may help you to ensure success, by using
the Premier White Star Pedigree bees and queens.

Safe arrival of Queens and Nuclei guaranteed. Any queen lost from a Nucleus
within three weeks from dehvery we guarantee to replace.

HUGE SUCCESS IN IRELAND.

" I shall come to you again for bees next
year. The Nucleus you sent me was a huge
success." E. O'B.

Killiney, Co. Dublin.

" WHITE STARS " ON TOP : IMPORTED
ITALIANS A BLANK.

" The ' White Star ' queen has done well.
She has twelve 16 x 10 frames and twenty-four
Standard frames. At present she is keeping to
the 16 X 10 frames, the next (Standard chamber)
is filling with honey, and the third nearly all
sealed. My imported Italians have done
nothing." Rev. R. D.

Maam, Co. Galway, 1920.

GOING AHEAD.

" The Nucleus vou sent me is a very fine lot.
Already they are on seven combs." (July 3.)
Cedar Road, London. W. C.

SPLENDID LOT X ONLY ONE DEAD.

" The Nucleus is a splendid lot, and I am
delis-hted with them. I only found one dead
bee." _ J. R.

Aintree, Liverpool.

SWARMING "CONDITION— EARLY APRIL.

" When doing expert work for the Cheshire
Association I saw a ' W.S.' stock — such a lot
as I never saw before. It was_ in early April,
1919, and they were at swarming point — abso-
lutely bunged up with bees and brood."

Bowdon. H. B.

FIVE WEEKS— A STRONG STOCK.

" The ' W.S.' Nucleus you sent me five
weeks ago is going strong, and, in spite of
inclement weather, and little attention through
illness, it is now a good strong stock."

Teddington, August 1, 1920. J. L. N.

APRIL 12 : READY FOR SUPERING.

" The * W.S.' queen I got from you last year
has done splendidly. She has wintered well,
and is ahead of any I have got, or any I have
seen around here. I am extra well pleased with
her." _ _ J. S.

Tarbolton Station, Ayrshire.

" W.S." STAND FAST; DUTCH,
ITALIANS, NATIVES, GO UNDER.
" I am very pleased with the ' White Star '
Nucleus I had last year. It has wintered
splendidly, and going ahead very fast. I have
lost eight other stocks this spring — Dutch,
Italians, and Blacks." C. L. W.

Knutsford.

HOW TO FIGHT " LO.W.'; DISEASE.

"The ' W.S.' queen sent me in July I gave
to a stock that had dwindled to three frames
of bees. In a month she had banished all
traces of ' LO.W.,' and filled eight Standard
frames solid with sealed brood. I have put
them into winter quarters — ^ten frames packed
with bees : a long way my best stock."

Sheffield. G. B.

" W.S." NUCLEUS BUSIjEST AND

STRONGEST.

" The Nucleus you sent me June 23 is the

strongest and busiest lot of bees^ I have, and

never think of weather conditions. I am

speaking to friends daily about them."

Ormskirk, August 27, 1920. T. R.

ONLY RESISTANT BEES.

" Disease has emptied this district of native
bees. I turn to you as the only source of
resistant bees, so far as my experience goes.
In my home district also disease has been rife,
and none but stocks with ' W.S.' blood survive
in my apiary there." H. E. L. V.

Rhyl, N. Wales.

OUT OF THIRTY STOCKS— THREE
" W.S." ALONE SURVIVE.

" It may interest you to know that out of
thirty stocks in the spring of 1916 only three
have survived the ' I.O.W.' disease — the only
stocks I had of the ' W.S.' blood."

W. V. s.

Penrith, Cumb., September 5, 1917.

A CANDID CONFESSION— ANOTHER OF
THOSE MYSTERIES.

" I must make a confession. I put the
'White Star' queen in a diseased 'I.O.W.'
hive, treating it with Izal, as' you advise, just
to see whether you were right. Well ! you
ought to see them; they are almost the
strongest hive I have now. It was aljnost
cruelty to put her in such an attenuated hive.
. She is a marvel." E. W. B.

Winchcombe.

ONE "W.S." QUEEN— ONE SEASON-
FIVE STOCKS, AND 142 LBS. HONEY.
" I think the ' W.S.' are the most prolific
bees I have ever had, I have five stocks and
142 lbs. of honey for the season from one
queen." ~ L. Q.

A WEAK FOUL-BROOD LOT
REGENERATED, AND— 100 LBS.
" The second ' W.S.' was introduced to a
verv weak lot affected with foul brood. Never-
theless, she built them up to a very strong
colony, and gave 100 lbs. In spite of the foul
brood, this became the strongest colony I had."
Isle of Man, November, 9, 1900. L. Q.

JUST WALKED OVER DISEASE.

" I introduced the ' W.S.' queen in June last
(1914), and, although the stock was badly
smitten with foul brood, they came on all
right. Now during this last winter I have
lost all my hives (nine), except this one, with
' Isle of Wight ' disease, and they arp working
well, with no sign of either disease."

April 7, 1915. H. A. N.

EXCEEDS 500 PER CENT. INTEREST.

" We have now twelve stocks to winter, be-
sides selling one, out of the two three-frame
Nuclei supplied June 20 last year." (August 15,
1917.) Mias B. D.

Quainton, Bucks.

Full Queenland List 4d., Revise only 2d., of S. Simmins, Queenland, Heathfield, Sussex.

Dec. 30, 1920. THB BBITI8H BEE JOTJBNAL. m

" American Bee Journal '' specification Tested three banded Italians.

DIRECT from ITALY.

^^ W . ^^ May & June July & Aug. Sept.

^^/LLEW^e^"- 13/. 12/. 10/- each.

Sole Agent : H. M. STICH, Riccartsbar Avenue, PAISLEY, Scotland

Ct ^"^ ^ ^\ ^1^ IP* ^^fc ^^V W W The^ cure for, and preventive of,

" Isle of Wight " Disease.
Non-poisonous — free from stain
^ ^ or unpleasant odour.

rUK DC.Jb.0 BAC7EROL LIMITED

2/9 per Bottle. Post Free. 19/25, Brookside Rd., Highgate, N.19.

RACTEROI

*i^ COD nurc JL^

^^ A "VyT^"^^ Made in our own factory by bee-keepers for bee-keepers-

■ ^ /-\ r\ Jl j[ 6 lbs. post free 8/6 10 lbs. post free 13/6

^™^" 1^ X ^ A^ ^k Guaranteed from Pure White Refined Cane Sugar.

Miss Chester-Master's Patent Candy Box, 4/6 each. Postage extra 9d.

S. J. BALDWIN. The Apiary. BROMLET. RENT.

SAVE MONEY this winter by making up your own
Jnves. Particulars of wood cut ready to make up
into hives will be sent free on receipt of a post card.

E. J. BURTT, Manufacturer, GLOUCESTER

- - THE - -

BRITISH BEE JOURNAL.

ESTABLISHED 1873.
THE NEW VOLUME COMMENCES JANUARY 6th.

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL is supplied direct from the Office every week, post free
for One Year, lOs. lOd. ; Half Year, 53. 5d, ; Three Months, 23. 9d. (payable in advance).
Posted on Wednesday evening in time for delivery on Thursday.

Money Orders and Cheques should be made payable to W. Herrod-Hempsall and crossed "London
County Westminster and Parr's Bank."

(To be filled up by Intending Subscribers, cut out, and returned to the OflBice.)
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*FleaM stat« whether Mr., Mrs., or Miss, etc.

It will consitkrablu facilitate our publishing arrangements if subscriptioni< are dated from the beginning oj
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as possible,

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"BRITISH BEE JOURNAL" or "BEE-KEEPERS' RECORD," 1/8 post free.

Brituh Bee Journal Office, 23 Bedford St., Strand, London, W.C.2

THE BRITISH BEE JOURNAL. Dec. 30, 1920.

;il

FOUR FIRST PRIZES.

Our HIVES and APPLIANCES were again awarded FOUR PRIZES
at the Highland Agricultural Society's Show at Aberdeen, thus
testifying to the superiority of our goods. Order now at catalogue
prices and save money.

SOFT BEE CANDY.

Have you tried our Famous Bee Candy ? If not, you should send
for a trial order now. It is made from PURE WHITE CANE
SUGAR and is PERFECTION.

PRICES—

1 lb. at 1/5, postage 9d., 6 lbs. at 9/6 post free,

10 lbs. at l'5/6 post free.

Can be had medicated or not, as required.

R. STEELE & BRODIE,

Bee Appli ance Makers,
WORMIT, FIFE.

Telegrams :— " Bees, Wormit." Telephone :— 28 Wormit.

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WE are now able to supply CANDY OF OUR
OWN MAKE from guaranteed Pure White
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It can be had plain or medicated with either " Yadil "
or "Bacterol."

REDUCED PRICES:
lib. - 1/5 per lb.
61b. - 9/6, post free.
101b. - 15/6, post free.

JAMES LEE & SON, Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex.

PaiNTBo BV TH« Av«K UB Prebs (L. Upoott Giu. & Son, Ltd.), 55-57, DatiRy Lane, London, W.C, and

PCBLIBHID FOB THI PnOPaiETOK (W. HbB& 0D-HeMP8ALL), BY giMPKIN, MABBHAU. HAHILTOM.

Kent & Co.. Ltd.. SI A 32. Patebnobteb Bow. E.C.

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