MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY, Received ^Xz-^t-*> L3.j.£. Accession No.. .OL c2-. ( / / & Given by Place, *^.*flo book OP pamphlet is oratopy wiithout the permission to be pemoved from the Iiab- of the Tpustees. • HYMENOMYCETES BRITANNICI " Pleniorem dabit lucem futura aetas." X , . ISrttanntct BRITISH FUNGI (H YMENOM YCE TES ) BY REV. JOHN STEVENSON AUTHOR OF ' MYCOLOGIA SCOTICA ' HON. SEC. CRYPTOGAMIC SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND WIT PI ILLUSTRATIONS IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. II. CORTINARIUS— DACRYMYCES WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS EDINBURGH AND LONDON MDCCCLXXXVI All Rights reserved HYMENOMYCETES. ORDER I.— AGAEICINI. GENUS V. — Cortinarius (cortina, a veil). Fr. Epicr. p. 255. Veil arachnoid, distinct from the cuticle of the pile us, superficial. Hymenophore continuous with the stem. Gills persistent, arid, changing colour, pulverulent with the spores which fall off slowly. Trama fibrillose. Spores globose or oblong, here and there apiculate, somewhat ochraceous on white paper. Growing on the ground in woods, putrefying. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 335. The most natural of the genera of Agaricini, but not easily defined by artificial characters. The veil and the gills present the chief marks of distinction. The gills generally become cinnamon-coloured. Very rare or altogether wanting in hot countries, but generally abundant in northern woods. All autumnal. They present a very different appearance in different stages of growth, and in the various stages according as they are moist or dry. It is necessary, therefore, to examine species both in their earlier and later stages. Some Flammulce resemble them, but can scarcely be confounded with them. Tribe I. PHLEGMACIUM (<^e'7A*a, clammy moisture). Par- phiegma- tial veil arachnoid. Pileus equally fleshy, viscous. Stem firm, cium- dry. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 336. f CLIDUCHII (C. cliduchus. KAeiSoCxo?, *tXei's, a club ; ex«o, to have). Partial veil superior, pendulous in the form of a ring from the apex of the nearly equal or clavate stem. * Gills pallid then clay -colour. VOL. II. A AGARIC1NI. Phlegma- cium. XL. Cortinarins (Phlegmaciitm) fulgens. One-third natural size. ** Gills violaceous or purplish then cinnamon. *** Gills yellow, cinnamon, ferruginous (not at first whitish or violaceous). **** Gnis olivaceous. ft ScAURl (C. scaurus, club-footed). Bulb depressed or turbinate, mar- ginate. Stem fleshy, fibrous, cortina commonly inferior, arising from the margin of the bulb. Pileus equally fleshy. Gills somewhat sinuate. The margin of the bulb is a kind of cir- cularly split volva. In many instances it has been observed conjoined with the cover- ing of the pileus, in others free and volva- ceous. Hence the stem is never sheathed with the universal veil, nor at the first, as in the next group, extended, and scarcely ever farinaceous or clothed at the apex, but like group ** of Amanitas at first enclosed within the pileus and bulb, which are applied to each other like two small balls. The im- pression on the bulb around the stem arises from the margin of the pileus pressing upon it at first. There are a few species which are intermediate between Scaur i and Clidu- chii, the pileus at first embracing the stem to the very base, whence the bulb is nearly wanting, but the base itself is marginate. * Gills whitish, then clay-coloured or pale cinnamon. ** Gills violaceous, dark blue, purplish, at length cinnamon. *** Gills ferruginous, tawny or yellow. **** Gills olivaceous. "t"rf ELASTIC!. Cortina simple, thin, fugacious, medial or inferior. Stem at the first extended, somewhat thin, never marginato-bulbous or sheathed, but rigid-elastic, externally somewhat cartilaginous, polished, shining, naked at the apex, at length most frequently hollow. Pileus thin, often hygroph- anous. * Gills whitish, then clay-coloured or dirty-cinnamon. ** Gills violaceous, purplish, flesh-coloured. *** Gills pure ochre, tawny, or ferruginous. **** Gills olivaceous, fuliginous. t CLIDUCHII. * Gills pallid then clay-coloured. 1. C. triumphans Fr.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, yellow with a tinge of brown or ochraceous when moist, yellow when dry, variegated at the disc with minute adpressed spot-like scales or wholly naked, fleshy, not very thick, convexo-plane, ob- tuse, regular, margin even, not bent inwards ; flesh alike of pileus and stem compact, white. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more thick, solid, firm, attenuated from the ovato-bulbous base, striate, yellowish-white, adorned with tawny scales arranged in many circles (or rings) ; the partial cortina superior, woven, somewhat ringed. Gills emarginate, crowded, CORTINARIUS. 3 6 mm. (T. I'm.) broad, with a small decurrent tooth which ends Phiegma- fin in determinately in a continuous mealy white zone, densely veined at the sides, plane, whitish or inclining to very pale bluish grey, at length clay-colour and somewhat cinnamon. Large, splendid, from its zones of scales recalling A. Vittadinii. The scales readily fall off. A smaller form occurs in dry birch woods. In grassy ground. Rare. Sept. Spores ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 12-16 x 5-6 mk. K. ; pruniform, punc- tate, 12-13 nik- (?• Name — from the stem resembling a triumphal column. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 4. Hym. Eur. p. 336. Icon. t. 141. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1263. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 445. A. sublanatus Huss. ii. t. 22. 2. 0. claricolor Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more broad, yellow, unchangeable, wholly fleshy, convexo-flattened, and at length depressed, at the first everywhere, soon only round the margin veiled with superficial, silky-pruinose, villous down, then wholly smooth, even,/6>r the most part however broken into scales. Stem solid, hard, white, wholly clothed as far as the superior cortina (above which it is white-mealy) with white scaly flocd or lax down, but when full grown the cortina and scales alike disappear, otherwise sometimes curt, bulbous, sometimes elongated and conico-attenuated or cylindrical ; flesh of the pileus and stem white. Gills sometimes emarginate, almost free, some- times adnate, crowded, at the first whitish then clay-colour, the edge unequal. Very changeable in form, but always very robust and compact. Interme- diate between C. triumphans and C. turmalis. In a var. the gills are at first slightly bluish-grey. In mixed woods. Glamis, &c. Sept.-Nov. Spores pruniform, nucleate, 11-12x6-8 mk. C.B.P. ; 12x6 mk. IV. P. Name — clarus, clear ; color, colour. Of pure colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 5. Hym. Eur. p. 336. Icon. t. 141. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 1541. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 446. Quel. Grev. t. 102. f. i. 3. C. turmalis Fr. — Pileus yellow-tan, most frequently darker at the disc, not changeable, compact, convex then plane, very obtuse, even, smooth (sometimes obsoletely piloso-virgate), when young veiled with pruinate but very fugacious villous down, soon naked, viscid; flesh white. Stem sometimes 7.5 cent. (3 in.), sometimes 15 cent. (6 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.), thick, solid, very hard, rigid, cylindrical, here and there attenuated at the base, shining white when dry, when young sheathed with a white woolly veil, naked when full grown. Cortina entirely fibrillose, superior and persistent in the form of a ring, at length ferruginous with cium. 4 AGARICINI. Phiegma- the spores. Gills variously adnexed, rounded or emarginate, even decurrent with a tooth, crowded, serrated, white then clay-colour. Densely crowded in large heaps. Dependent on the weather. The flesh is not so hard and compact as that of C. claricolor, wherefore the pileus is never broken into scales. The gills never turn bluish-grey. The mealy andfloccose covering is a universal veil ; in C. triu.mph.ans it is concentrically tawny- scaly, in C. claricolor, white-woolly-scaly, in C. turmalis, white-woolly, soon naked. In mixed woods. Glamis, &c. Sept.-Oct. Spores '8-9x5 mk. K.; 8x5 mk. W.P. Name — turma, a troop. From its habit of growth. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 5. Hym. Eur. p. 336. B. & Br. n. 1774. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 447. 4. C. sebaceus Fr. — Pileus 6-12.5 cent. (2^-5 in.) broad, uni- colorous, pale, of the colour of tallow, equally fleshy, convex then rather plane, commonly very repand, viscid, smooth, but at the first covered over with a whitish pruinose lustre ; flesh white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm.-2.5 cent. (X-i in.) thick, solid, stout, compact, never bulbous, often twisted and com- pressed, slightly fibrillose, pale white. Cortina delicate, fuga- cious, adhering only to the margin of the pileus. Gills emar- ginate, not crowded, connected by veins, 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, clay-colour or pallid cinnamon, paler at the sides. The flesh of the pileus is not compact at the disc and abruptly thin at the circumference, but equally attenuated towards the margin. The flesh of the stem is white. The gills never turn bluish-grey. Taste mild. In mixed woods. Glamis, &c. Sept.-Nov. Spores pale cinnamon, Fr. Name — sebum, tallow. From the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 7. Hym. Eur. p. 337. Icon. t. 143. f. i. B. & Br. n. 1542. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 448. Grevillea, t. 83. ** Gills violaceous, &>£. 5. C. varius Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, bright ferruginous-tawny, compact, hemispherico-flattened, very obtuse, regular, slightly viscid, even, smooth, the thin margin at first in- curved, appendiculate with the cortina; flesh firm, white. Stem curt, 4-6 cent. (i%-2% in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more thick, bulbous, absolutely immarginate, compact, shining white, adpress- edly flocculose, the superior veil pendulous. Gills emarginate, thin, somewhat crowded, at first narrow, "violaceous-purplish, then broader and ochraceous-cinnamon, always quite entire. Variable in stature, but the habit and colours are always unchangeable. It varies with the stem taller and somewhat equal, the pileus yellow-tawny, and the gills dark blue. CORTINARIUS. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Name — vtir/'its, changeable. /•>. Monogr. ii. p. 8. Hym. Enr. p. 338. Berk. Out. p. 183. C. Hbk. n. 487. Ag. .SV/^. /. 42. 6. C. cyanopus Fr. — Pileus 6 cent. (2)4 in.) broad, at first date-brown-livid, then tan and opaque, fleshy when unfolded, flattened, obtuse, regular, viscid in rainy weather, in fine weather dry opaque and even, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (l/2 in.) thick, solid, firm, ventricoso-bulbous, but always immarginate, above the bulb attenuated upwards, naked (neither fibrillose nor mealy) and white, violaceous above. Gills at first adnate, then emarginate, broad (6-8 mm., 3-4 lin.), not much crowded, in the same cluster intensely violaceous and pallid bluish-grey, soon changing colour to cinnamon, edge unequal. The pileus when young is hemispherical, not embracing the bulb but the apex of the stem, the cortina extending from the closely involute margin to the apex of the stem. The stem when young is ovato-bulbous, when full grown depressed and oblique (somewhat rhomboid) at the base, more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, soft and spongy. The gills are less crowded than those of its allies. The flesh of the stem in its earliest stage is dingy white, variegated purple-violaceous above, that of the pileus dingy white, when full grown wholly white. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores 10x5 mk. IV. P. Name — xvai/os, dark blue; TTOV?, afoot. From the colour of the stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 9. Hym. Eur. p. 338. Berk. Ottt. p. 184. C. Hbk. n. 488. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 449. Quel. Grev. t. 102. /. 2. A. glaucopus Sow. t. 223. 7. C. largus Fr. — Pileus 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) broad, commonly date-brown-tawny, fleshy, compact at the broad disc, thin at the circumference, convexo-flattened, very obtuse, slightly viscid on the surface, adpressedly silky-fibrillose when dry, commonly rivuloso-squamulose, sometimes fibrillose towards the margin; flesh wholly fibrous, firm, whitisJi-bluish-grey, becoming white when exposed to the air. Stem solid, sometimes shorter, slightly bulbous, 6 cent. (2^ in-) long, commonly elongated, 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick and equal, often curved and ascending, wholly fibrillose, the superior cortina pendulous, above which the stem is pruinose, white tinted viola- ceous; flesh same as that of pileus. Gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, crowded, 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, at first bluish-grey-clay-colour, then cinnamon. Somewhat crespitose. The pileus when young is sometimes violet such as is here and there observed round the margin of lull-grown specimens. When bruised the stem is sometimes bloody. 6 AGARICINI. Phiegma- In pine woods. Herefordshire. Sept.-Oct. cium Name — largns, large. Fr. Morwgr. ii. p. 10. Hym. Eur. p. 339. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 76. Quel. Grev. t. 103. f. i. 8. C. Riederi Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, ochraceous, compact, campanulato-expandecl, obtusely umbonate, even, glu- tinous, shining when dry; flesh watery. Stem 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) long, solid, clavate, lilac-silky and tawny-fibrillose. Gills adnate, rather thick, eroded, lilac then cinnamon. Pileus slimy when moist, obsoletely streaked. Allied to the Myxacia. In pine woods. Herefordshire. Sept.-Oct. Name — After Rieder. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 339. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 76. Quel. Grev. t. 104. f. i. *** Gills yellow, cinnamon, 9. C. saginus Fr. — Pileus 10-12.5 cent- (4- 5 in-) broad, yellow, fleshy, plano-convex, irregular, repand, viscous; flesh soft, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more thick, solid, somewhat bulbous, fibrillose, light yellowish, naked at tlie apex. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious, not very conspicuous. Gills truly decurreJit, S-io mm. (4-5 lin.) broad, attenuated at both ends, dingy pallid then cinnamon, eroded at the edge. Very gregarious, somewhat caespitose. In woods. Hereford, &c. Name — sagina, corpulence. From its size. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 12. Hym. Eur. p. 340. Grevillea, vol. v. /. 56, vi. /. 92. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. 'f. 1882, p. 216. 10. C. russus Fr.— Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, unicolorous, rufous, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, viscid, smooth at the disc, innately fibrillose round the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stuffed then hollow, attenu- ated upwards, not bulbous, often curved-ascending, soft, ad- pressedly fibrillose, pale-white, delicately pruinate at the apex. Cortina very tender, fugacious. Gills obtusely adnate (scarcely perceptibly rounded), 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad, crowded, con- nected by veins, rufous-ferruginous. Well distinguished by its coppery-rufous pileus, bitter nauseous taste, and by the softyfe/z being -whitish-Jiesh-colour. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores 8x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — russus, red. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 13. Hym. Eur. p. 341. C. Hbk. ?i. 489. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 450. Worth. Smith, Trans. Woolh. Cl. 1870, /. i. CORTINARIUS. **** Gills olivaceOUS. Phlegma- ciuni. 11. C. anfractus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, dark olivaceous, becoming fuliginous- tawny, equally fleshy, but at length very irregular at the thin bent in margin, even, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) and more thick, clavate, immarginate, ascending, fibrillose, very dingy, violaceous at the apex, here and there hollow within. Cortina superior, but not in the form of a ring. Flesh whitish, obsoletely violaceous at the apex of the stem. Gills emarginate, distant, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, crisped, olivaceous-fuliginous. The pileus is always zoneless, but it varies fuliginous when moist, when dry yellowish-olivaceous, with tiger-spots. It is often pitted and depressed round the margin, which is at length lobed. It varies regular. In woods. Rare. King's Cliffe, &c. The whole plant when young is covered with a white volva. M.J.B. Spores 6x4 mk. W.P. Name — anfractus, bent, waved, repand. Of the margin of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 14. Hym. Eur. p. 341. Berk. Out. p. 184. C. Hbk. n. 496. Quel. Grev. t. 104. f. 3. tf SCAURI. * Gills whitish, then clay-coloured, &c. 12. C. multiformis Fr. — Pileus unicolorous, light-yellow, clay- yellow, tawny, &c., fleshy, regular, convex then flattened, very obtuse and at length depressed, for the most part very viscous, even, smooth. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, about 12 mm. (Yz in.) thick, solid, equal or attenuated, somewhat smooth or adpressedly fibrillose, naked (not pruinose), white then yellowish, with a somewhat marginate bulb. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious, white. Flesh white, at first compact then soft, that of the pileus at length slightly yellow. Gills emarginate, free or with a small decurrent tooth, very thin, crowded, tense and straight, not broad, serrulated, atjirst white, then clay-colour. Very changeable. Odour and taste mild. It is distinguished by the colour being by no means violet and not hygrophanous, by the white flesh, and by the crowded serrulated gills being at the first whitish. According to the state of the atmosphere it is very viscid or somewhat dry, then often sprinkled with the universal white veil, the thin margin deflexed. The pileus often varies spotted, and when taller streaked with fibrils ; moreover lacunoso-sulcate, &c. The bulb is about 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick. In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. I have seen the bulb so margined as to give the impression of a volva like that of A. pantherinus. M.J.B. Spores ochraceous, Fr. ; pruniform, nucleate, punctate, 5-6x2-3 mk. C.B.P.; 7x4 mk. W.P. Name — multus, 8 AGARICINI. Phlegma- forma. Very various in shape. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 15. Hym, Eur. p. 343. cium. Berk, Out. p. 184. C. Hbk. n. 491. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 451. Quel. Grev. t, 104. f. 4. A. turbinatus Sow. t. 102. 13. 0. napus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fuliginous, then date -brown -tawny, fleshy, convexo- plane, obtuse, even, smooth, glutinous, the regular margin bent inwards j flesh com- pact, white, with a horny line (hymenophore) next the gills. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. (*4 in.) thick, solid, equal, ascending, smooth, firm, white, at length becoming yellow at the base, inserted in an obconic, acutely and obliquely marginate bulb. Gills emarginate, somewhat distant, broad, crisped, whitish- fuliginous, hyaline at the sides. It differs conspicuously from species near to it in the broad, crisped, some- what dista?it, whitish-fuliginous gills. In pine woods. Hereford. Oct. Name — napus, a turnip. From the bulb. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 16. Hym. Eur. p. 343. Grevillea, vol. xii. /. 41. 14. C. talus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, of a yel- lowish dirty colour, becoming pale, margin somewhat olivaceous, yellowish, fleshy, thin, equal, convexo-plane, even, smooth, vis- cous ; flesh watery, dingy pallid-whitish, with hyaline spots, and variegated with a horny line next the gills. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) thick, solid, equal, cylindrical (not oblique), becoming smooth, marginato-bulbous at the base, pale. Gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, beautiful straw-colour or ochrey- pallid, scarcely changing colour. Very pretty, very much allied to C. turbinatus, but quite distinct in its colours. The bulb is small, somewhat round, marginate. In woods. Epping Forest. Oct. Name— talus, an ankle bone. From the swelling at the base of the stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 17. Hym. Eur. p. 344. Icon. t. 145. f. 2. Grevillea, vol. xiv. p. 38. ** Gills "violaceous, &*c. 15. C. glaucopus Fr. — Pileus dingy yellow, tan-tawny or clay- colour, very fleshy, at first bent inwards, then flattened and unequal, somewhat repand, slightly viscid, rarely even, commonly floccoso-scaly, often marked with a raised fuscous-blackish zone round the margin ; flesh compact, white. Stem solid, very stout, at first in the form of a bulb (2.5 cent., i in.), and marginato- bulbous, fibrillose, woolly, chiefly at the apex, at length elongated (7.5 cent., 3 in.), the bulb vanishing, but the base remaining CORTINARIUS. 9 marginate, more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, azure-blue-pallid ; Phlegma- internally pale azure-blue, becoming yellow at the base. Gills ° rounded and emarginate, crowded, sometimes crisped, azure-blue, at length cinnamon. Very changeable and variable. The above is the earlier form. Later it appears in great troops and is very robust. Pileus compact, very large, un- dulated and tiger- spotted, ochraceous or becoming tawny, when young regular and convex, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, at length flattened and depressed, 20 cent. (8 in.) broad. Stem somewhat equal, marginate at the base, white or yellowish, fibrillose and striate, naked at the apex. Flesh alike of the pileus and stem yellowish, that of the stem dark yellow below. Gills sinuate, with a small decurrent tooth, 12 mm. (y, in.) broad, somewhat crowded, bluish-grey then clay-colour and somewhat cinnamon. In pine woods. Frequent. Aug. -Oct. Spores sphceroid- ellipsoid, 8-9x5 mk. K. Name — yAavKo?, pale blue; Trou's, a foot. With pale blue stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 18. Hym. Eur. p. 344. Berk. Out. p. 184. C. Hbk. n. 492. £. Mycol. Scot. n. 452. Quel. Grev. t. 104. / 5. Ag. Scheeff. t. 53. 16. C. calochrous Fr. — Pileus tawny, yellow round the margin, compact, convex, then plane, obtuse, viscid, guttate, commonly stained with soil; margin short, regularly involute, when un- folded often flexuous ; flesli very white. Stem curt, 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, solid, firm, marginato-bulbous, bulb very de- pressed, otherwise equal, fibrillose, yellowish, never becoming dark blue. Cortina marginal, fugacious, yellow. Gills emargin- ate, crowded, serrated, of a beautiful dark blue-purple. In woods and pastures. Frequent. Name — KaAo?, beautiful ; xP^s. colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 19. Hym. Eur. p. 345. Berk. Out. p. 185. t. 12. /. 3. C. Hbk. n. 493. Quel. Grev. t. 105. /.i. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 453. 17. C. caerulescens Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.), and more broad, dingy yellow, somewhat clay-colour, but varying fuscous- yellowish, &c., equally fleshy, convex, at length plane, obtuse, regular, even, rather smooth, but often streaked with fibrils, vis- cid, when dry shining or opaque ; flesh violaceous, growing white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. (%. in.) thick (the bulb more than 2.5 cent., i in. thick), solid, equally attenuated upwards from the marginate bulb, firm, at first fibrillose, of a charming violet colour, then naked, becoming pale, whitish. Cortina fibril- lose, fugacious. Gills somewhat adnate, slightly rounded, thin, very crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, at first beautifully and in- tensely azure-blue, then purplish, at length dingy-cinnamon. When young the plant is here and there wholly azure-blue. The bulb is here 10 AGARICINI. Phlegma- and there obliterated with age, always white beneath. Neither the gills when cium. bruised nor the flesh when broken ever change colour (intensely azure-blue), but the gills become purple and at length cinnamon. Odour scarcely any. In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Spores subellipsoid, 9-10x5-6 mk. K. ^amz—ccEruleus, azure. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 19. Hym. Eur. p. 345. Berk. Out. p. 185. C. Hbk. n. 494. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 454. Quel. Grev. t. 105. /. 3. A. calochrous b. Letell. t. 6y..—Sch(eff. t. 34 (not good). Vent. t. 32. /. 1-3. 18. C. purpurascens Fr. — Pileus 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, bay-brown or date-brown-olivaceous, then tawny-olivaceous, tiger- spotted, and often depressed round the margin, which is at first inflexed then repand, marked with a raised fuscous zone, fleshy, compact at the disc, obtuse, repand, variable, smeared with dense gluten, but opaque when dry; flesh wholly azure-blue. Stem solid, thick, bulbous, wholly fibrillose, intensely pallid azure-blue, darker when touched, bulb somewhat marginate. Gills broadly emarginate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more broad, crowded, azure-blue- clay, then cinnamon, violaceous-purple when bruised. Readily distinguished from species near to it (especially C. glaucopus) by its gills soon changing colour and becoming spotted -with purple when touched. The primary form is curt, robust, very compact, juicy, azure-blue-purplish when touched. There is another form, in dense beech woods, somewhat caespitose, the longer stem somewhat twisted, pileus undulated, as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) broad, toast-brown then clay-colour and at length cinnamon with the spores. Gills at first bluish-grey-purplish ; otherwise as above. In mixed woods. Common. Sept.-Nov. The marginal zone is not constant. M.J.B. Name— from the gills becom- ing purple when bruised. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 20. Hym. Eur. p. 345. Berk. Out. p. 185. C. Hbk. n. 495. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 455. Quel. Grev. t. 105. /. 2. ' * C. subpurpurascens Fr.— Pileus tawny-fuliginous, becoming pale, not compact, obtuse, at length very much dilated and undulato-flexuous, viscous, obsoletely streaked with fibrils, some- what spotted ; flesh soft, whitish (very faint azure-blue), un- changeable. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. (l/2 in.) thick, at length hollow, somewhat cylindrical, marginato-bulbous at the base, fibrillose below, naked above, smooth, slightly striate, pale azure-blue or whitish. Gills sometimes emarginate, almost free, sometimes decurrent,/C. Phlegma- cium 28. C. decolorans Fr. — Pileus 4-6 cent. (iX-2K in-) broad, wholly persistently yellow, fleshy, convex then flattened, somewhat gibbous, equal, even, smooth, viscous ; flesh thin, firm, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long-, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, equally attenuated, shining wJiite, smooth above the somewhat persistent medial cortina. Gills sinuato-adnexed, crowded, thin, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, juiceless, purplish then soon cinnamon. The gills are unchangeable when bruised. Easily mistaken for a thin form of C. varius, differing, however, in the thinner unicolorous pileus, in the stem being more slender, externally rigid, polished, without a bulb, and smooth with exception of the cortina. In fir woods. Epping Forest. Oct. Name — de, and coloro, to colour. From the gills changing colour. Fr. Afonogr. ii. p. 31. Hym. Eur. p. 351. Grevillea, vol. xiv. p. 38. 29. C. porphyropus Fr.— Pileus 4-7-5 cent. (1^-3 in.) broad, livid-light yellowish or clay-colour, unchangeable when touched, fleshy, very thin at the margin, convexo-plane, obtuse, even, innately streaked, viscid ; flesh thin, soft, whitish, soon becoming purple-lilac when broken. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed, at length hollow, somewhat bulbous or rather equally attenuated from the thickened base (sometimes equal), fragile, externally and internally violaceous-lilac, soon becoming pale, even whitish, but soon becoming violaceous-lilac again when touched. Cortina inferior, fibrillose. Gills rounded or emarginate, somewhat crowded, rather broad (4-8 mm., 2-4 lin.) purplish then watery cinnamon, becoming purple again when touched. It approaches C. purpurascens, but the gills are crowded in that species. In woods. Coed Coch, 1871. Oct. Name — irop^vpeos, purple ; TTOV?, a foot. From the stem becoming purple when touched. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 31. Hym. Eur. p. 351. B. 6^ Br. n. 1351. 30. C. croceo-cseruleus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.), or a little more broad, lilac or faintly violaceous, fleshy but thin, convex then plane, obtuse or gibbous, even, smooth, viscous ; jlesh watery, pallid. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, hollow, somewhat equal (some- times attenuated downwards), 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, even, smooth, naked, fragile, whitish. Cortina white, fibrillose, fuga- cious. Gills attenuated or broadly emarginate, with a small very thin decurrent tooth, plane, somewhat distant, lilac then clay-saffron. i6 AGARICINI. Phlegma- cium. Spores saffron, cinnamon. The flesh is unchangeable in colour, but other- wise the plant becomes very slightly purple when touched or broken. In woods. Laxton Park, Norths. Oct. Name — croceus, saffron ; cceruleus, azure. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 32. Hym. Eur. p. 352. B. & Br, n. 1543. Ag. Pers. Ic. and descr. t. i.f. 2. Bucknall, Brist. Nat. Soc. Proc. vol. iv. t. 3. f. 3. *** Gills pure ochre, tawny, &C. 31. C. papulosus Fr.— Pileus 6-9 cent. (2^-3K in-) broad, honey-tan-colour at the circumference, always darker (ferrugin- ous or fuscous) at the disc, fleshy, at first convex, obtuse, then plane and at length depressed (disc here and there gibbous), smooth, viscid ; the cuticle breaking up into minute, granular, fuscous patches when dry; flesh white, thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (Yz-\ in.) or a little more thick, solid, firm, wholly fleshy within, equal or thickened at the base, densely fibrillose, but quite naked at the apex, white. Cortina inferior, very fugacious, white. Gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, slightly joined behind, but at length separating from the stem in older specimens and forming a spurious collar, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, at the first pallid, soon ochraceous, at length very pale yellow-cinnamon. There are forms with the stem longer, here and there flexuous and hollow. In woods. Durdham Down, Bristol. Glamis. Oct.-Nov. Name — papula, a pimple. From the minute granular patches on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 33. Hym. Eur. p. 352. Bucknall, Brist. Nat. Soc. Proc. vol. iv. /. *$. f. i. •*#*# GUIs olivaceous, fuliginous. No British species. Myxacium. Tribe II. MYXACIUM (juv|a, mucus). Universal veil glu- tinous, hence the scarcely bulbous stem is also viscous. Pileus fleshy, somewhat thin. Gills adnate, decurrent. (Certain Phleg- macia having the fibres of the cortina slightly viscid by gluten from the pileus must not be confounded with the Myxacia.} Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 354. t COLLINITI (C. collinitus, besmeared). Stem floccoso-peronate, the flocci at first covered with gluten. CORTINARIUS. ff DELIBUTI (C. delibiitus, besmeared). Veil entirely viscid, hence the Myxacium. stem is not floccoso-peronate but only viscid, acquiring a varnished appear- ance when dry. e Gills whitish, then clay-coloured. t Gills at first violaceous, dark blue, or reddish. *** Gills at first ochraceous or cinnamon. t COLLINITI. 32. C. arvinaceus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, orange-tawny, fleshy, soft, convex then soon flattened, at length reflexed and undulated, even, smooth, viscous (not glutinous), glistening when dry, margin slightly striate when in full vigour. Stem tall, as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long, 12 mm. (yz in.) thick, solid, equal, silky- viscous, never broken up into scales, white. Cortina soon fibrillose and fu- gacious. Gills adnato-decurrent, very broad (12-18 mm., ]&-% in.), even at the sides, somewhat distant, crenu- Jated at tJie edge, at first straw-colour then brigJit ochraceous. Spores plentiful, of the same colour as the gills. Cortina not in the form of a ring. Perhaps too nearly allied to C. collinitiis. In beech woods. Bristol. Oct. Blaize Castle, XLI. Cortinarius (Myxacimii) collinitns. One - fifth natural size. Name — aruina, grease. Greasy, viscid. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 36. Hym. Eur. p. 354. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 42. Bucknall, Brist. Nat. Soc. Proc. vol. iv. t. 5./. i. Ag. Krombh. t. 73. f. 16-18. 33. C. collinitus Fr. — Pileus orange-tawny, fleshy, not com- pact, convex with the margin bent inwards then expanded, obtuse, clothed with a thick cuticle, which in wet weather swells into persistent orange-tawny gluten, shining when dry, margin even. Stem solid, firm, elongated, exactly cylindrical, at length soft, for the most part covered over with z.floccose and glutinous veil, which is commonly broken ttp into concentric scales; near the apex the gluten is continuous with the glutinous cuticle of the pileus and forms an entirely viscous fugacious ring, colour variable, violaceous, white, even yellowish. Gills adnate, some- what crowded, whitish-bluish-grey or clay-colour then cinnamon. There are numerous forms departing from the type : b) pileus repand, stem inclining to fuscous: Batsch f. 197. c) small, pileus pallid yellow or straw- VOL. II. B 1 8 AGARICINI. Myxacium. colour, stem concentrically light yellow-scaly, gills white, d) very small, pileus date-brown-fuscous, stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) In woods. Common. July-Nov. Spores ferruginous, Fr. ; 9x6 mk. W.G.S.; 12-14x6-7 mk. K. Name — collino, to besmear. From the gluten. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 36. Hym. Eur. p. 354. Berk. Out. p. 186. C. Hbk. n. 501. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 458. Ag. Bull. t. 549, 596. Ventur. t. 32. f. 4-6 (abnormal). Buxb. C. iv. /. 9. 34. C. mucifhius Fr. — Pileus livid-clay, when dry tan, opaque, somewhat fleshy, campanulato-expanded, smeared 'with separat- ing hyaline gluten, margin striate. Stem attenuated downwards, soft, viscid with the floccoso-scaly fugacious veil, white or inclin- ing to azure-blue. Gills adnate, distinct, clay-colour then watery cinnamon. Odour sweet. Intermediate between C. collinitns and C. elatior, so allied to the former that it was long considered a variety. It differs especially as follows : i) stem spongy, attenuated downwards, white : 2) pileus thinner, campanulate then expanded, at length reflexed and repand, the membrana- ceous margin striate : 3) colour of pileus livid-clay, when dry tan, opaque : 4) the gluten of the pileus thin, hyaline, fluid, not forming a thick persistent brightly coloured pellicle : 5) odour sweet. Gills clay then cinnamon. There is nothing of a violaceous tint in the whole plant. On the ground. Hereford, &c. Oct. Name — tmicus, fluo, to flow. From its being covered with mucus which flows off and disappears. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 37. Hym. Eur. p. 355. Icon, t. 148. f. i. Grevillea, vol. xi. /. 70. Quel. Grev. t. io8./. 4. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1881, /. 35. 35. C. elatior Fr. — Pileus about 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, commonly livid-light yellow when damp, dingy ochraceous when dry, slightly fleshy only at the disc, cylindrical or bullate then campanulate, afterwards flattened and somewhat reflexed, the disc above the stem obtuse, even, otherwise membranaceous and longi- tudinally plicate-wrinkled at the sides, fragile, slightly viscous. Stem 12.5-17.5 cent. (5-7 in.) long, 12 mm. (Yz in.) and more (5 cent., 2 in.) thick, commonly attenuated at both ends (especially at the base), longitudinally fibrous, clothed with somewhat vis- cous, whitish, torn up scales, rarely becoming violet. Cortina viscous, fugacious. Gills adnate, linear, at first 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, at length broader (as much as 2.5 cent., I in.), somewhat distant, connected by veins or wrinkled at the sides, always dark, brown-cinnamon. The colour of the pileus varies whitish, tan-fuscous, date brown, violaceous- brown, black, whitish round the margin, grey with the margin violaceous. Gills violet-brown in Sowerby's fig. In mixed wroods. Common. Sept.-Nov. CORTINARIUS. 19 Name— elatus, tall. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 37. Hym. Eur. p. 355. Icon, t, Myxacium. 149. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 186. C. Hbk. n. 502. *S. Mycol. Scot. n. 459. Sow. t.9. 36. C. grallipes Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, ferruginous when moist, when dry ochraceous-tan, opaque, almost membrana- ceous with exception of the disc, with a prominent often acute umbo, campanulate then flattened, even, hygrophanous, slightly viscid (not glutinous). Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then liollow, wholly equal, but flexuous, tough, fibroso-striate, viscous, yellowish-tawny, ochraceous when dry, naked at the apex. Gills wholly adnate, with a decurrent tooth, 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, plane, attenuated in front, crowded, even at the sides, clay-colour then ferruginous. The habit is that of C. hinnuleus, but it is viscous not torn. Among grass near trees. Ashton Park, Bristol. Oct. Pileus very slimy when wet ; veil fugacious, cobweb-like, pale, whitish brown ; spores dark ferruginous. W.G.S. Name — grallce, stilts; pes, a foot. Long- stemmed as if on stilts. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 38. Hym. Eur. p. 355. Saund. & Sm. t. 27. 37. C. livido-ochraceus Berk.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, livid-ochre, somewhat membranaceous, plane, viscid, margin not striate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, ft thick in the middle, beau- tiful violet, ochraceous at the base, stuffed with cottony fibres, attenuated at either end, somewhat scaly, striate above the fugi- tive veil. Gills somewhat adnexed, broad in front, moderately distant, cinnamon, the extreme margin pale. Pileus quite smooth, shining, covered with a thick subcartilaginous skin, the margin very thin ; edge with a few indistinct fragments of the veil. In- odorous. Nearest to the smooth-stemmed form of C. collinitus. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. An undoubted specimen has been gathered with the margin of the pileus striate. Spores lemon-shaped, 13-15x6-8 mk. C.B.P. Name — livid-ochre in colour. Berk. Out. p. 186. Eng. Fl. v. p. 89. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 356. C. Hbk. n. 504. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 460. ft DELIBUTI. * No British species. ** Gills at first violaceous, &>c. 38. C. salor Fr. — Pileus grey, bright violaceous round the in- flexed margin, at length of the same colour, when young obtusely conical or parabolic, soon campanulate and at length flattened with a broad umbo on account of the compactly fleshy disc, thin 20 AGARICINI. Myxacium. towards the circumference, small in comparison with the stem, even, smooth, thinly viscous, fibrillose towards the margin when dried ; flesh continuous, white, becoming yellow (or faintly azure- blue). Stem 4-7.5 cent. (i>^-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the base, 12 mm. (*4 in.) at the apex, solid, conico-attenuatedfrom the bulbous base, gradually elongated, white, but when young covered to the apex with the azure-blue glutinous veil, when old becoming pale, softer. Gills adnate, distant, distinct, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, quite entire, at first pale grey with the edge vio- laceous or bluish-grey, when full grown grey-clay-colour or cin- namon. In proportion as the stem becomes more elongated, the bulb becomes less in size. The stem is white externally and internally, but when young it is blue with the glutinous veil. Very distinguished, firm. In woods. Coed Coch. Name — salitm, sea. Sea-colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 40. Hym. Eur. p. 357. Icon. t. ISO./, i. B. & Br. n. 1878. Quel. Grev. t. io8./. i. 39. C. delibutus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, light- yellowish^ fleshy, thin, especially towards the margin, convex then flattened, obtuse, at length somewhat depressed, viscid with hya- line gluten, and slightly silky-fibrillose when the gluten disap- pears. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed or hollow upwards, equally attenuated from the slightly bulbous base or somewhat equal, elastic, viscous as far as the scanty, fibrillose, fugacious cortina, when dry even, smooth, var- nished, yellowish white, snow-white at the apex. Gills adnate, at length rounded or slightly emarginate, more or less distant, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, serrulated pallid or often crisped at the edge, at the first dark blue, or violaceous-dark blue^ then clay, cinnamon. The pileus and especially the gills vary in the colour being more or less in- tense. Taste at first watery, then slightly pungent. It loves grassy and rather damp places. On the ground. King's Lynn. Spores 7x5 mk. W.P. Name — delibuo, to besmear. From the gluten. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 41. Hym. Eur. p. 357. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 97. Quel. Grev. t. io8./. 2. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 216. 40. C. illibatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (r~2 in-) broad, yellow, disc darker, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, at length plane and somewhat u))ibonate, with a viscous pellicle, even, smooth ; flesh white, very thin at the circumference. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, only 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed then soon hoi- CORTINARIUS. 21 low, soft, slightly attenuated upwards, smooth, viscid, white, com- Myxacium. monly with reddish dots upwards. Cortina superior, fibrillose, very fugacious. Gills adnato-decurrent, arcuate, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, thin, crowded, quite entire, flesh-colour then clay, cin- namon with the spores. Much smaller and thinner than C. delibutus, &c., and without any violet colour. In woods. Coed Coch. Name — illibatus, unimpaired, entire. Perhaps from the gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 42. Hym. Eur. p. 358. B. & Br. n. 1879. Gills at the first ochraceous or cinnamon. 41. C. stillatitius Fr.— Pileus scarcely 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, even, smooth, clothed with azure-blue gluten, which is at first continu- ous with that of the stem, fuscous-ttvid when the gluten separates in the form of drops, and at length grey-white ; flesh soft, watery, hygrophanous. Stem 5 scarcely 7.5 cent. (2, 3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, very soft, wholly equally attenuated, at first sheathed with thick azure-blue gluten which is extended into the cortina, naked at the apex. Gills emarginate, scarcely crowded, distant rather, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, dark cinnamon. Odour none. The gluten disappears with age. Rather allied to the Col- liniti, but the veil is by no means floccose. The gills are almost those of C. elatior. Among dead leaves. Uncommon. Pileus striate near the margin. Gills with a whitish ragged margin. W.G.S. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, uniguttate, yellowish, 8x6 mk. K. Name — stillo, to drip. Dripping. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 42. Hym. Eur. p. 358. C. Hbk. n. 503. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 216. Saund. 6° Sm. t. 3. 42. C. pluvius Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (l/2-i in.) broad, pale yellow - tawny when moist, ochrey-tan and opaque when dry, slightly fleshy, at first somewhat globose, then convex, commonly gibbous, when more fully grown and moist slightly pellucid- striate, hygrophanous, viscid and shining in rainy weather ; flesh thin, of the same colour. Stem more or less elongated to as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.), 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, at first stuffed, then hollow, soft, equal or slightly attenuated upwards, even, naked or obsoletely viscid with whiter silky spots. Cortina white and entirely fibrillose, slightly covered over with slime, soon fugacious. Gills adnexed, separating, ventricose, crowded, light yellowish or at the first whitish, then ochraceous. 22 AGARICINI. Myxacium. The pileus in the earliest stage is covered over, especially round the margin, with a very thin, silky, white film. Taste at first watery, then acrid and pungent. In woods. Lea, Gainsborough. Glamis. Sept.-Oct. Name — pluo, to rain. From being viscid in rainy weather. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 43. Hym. Eur. p. 359. B. 6° Br. n. 1267. S. Mycol, Scot. n. 461. Ag. Batschf. 190. Inoloma. Tribe III. INOLOMA (Iff, a fibre ; Aoyta, a fringe). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 216. Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first silky with innate scales or fibrils, flesh continuous, not hy- grophanous. Veil single. Stem fleshy, somewhat bulbous. Species very distinguished. There are Te- lamonice which resemble Tnolomata, but they differ from them by having the pileus smooth, moist, then torn (whereas the Inolomata become smooth), or by being sprinkled over with white superficial fibrils, and by possessing a double veil. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 359. XL II. Cortinarius ^Inoloma) cal- listeus. One-fourth natural size. * Gills at first white or pallid. ** Gills, as well as the veil and stem, •violaceous. *** Gills or veil cinnamon, red, or ochraceous. (C. subferrugineus and C. armillatus are apt to be sought for here.) **** QiHs or ven dark, fuscous, olivaceous. * Gills at first white or pallid. 43. C. argentatus Fr. — Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, silvery- shining, disc becoming pale, at the first silky-lilac round the margin then dun -coloured, fleshy, convexo- plane, at length broadly gibbous, silky-even becoming smooth ; flesh whitish. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 12 mm. (yz in.) and more thick, solid, attenuated from the (scarcely bulbous) base, smooth, silvery- white, at length becoming yellow at the base, internally white. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious, adhering only to the margin of the pileus, pallid. Gills emarginate, crowded, slightly serrated, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, pallid then watery cinnamon. Odour -weak. There is a smaller form in pine woods. The stem is bulbous when short. CORTINARIUS. 23 In woods. Epping Forest. Oct. inoloma. In ' Hym. Eur.' Fries describes the smell as somewhat strong, but not foetid. Spores pruniform, dotted, 10-11 mk. Q. Name — argentum, silver. Silvered. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 46. Hym, Eur, p. 360. Grevillea, vol, xiv. p. 38. Ag. Krombh. t. 2. /. 27. ** Gills, as 'well as the veil and stem, violaceous. 44. C. violaceus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad, dark violaceous, sometimes purplish-violet, truly fleshy, convex, then flattened, regular, obtuse, villous, the innate persistent villous down for the most part rimoso - squamulose, margin at first involute ; flesh soft, deeper in colour. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, stout, remarkably bulbous, spongy, soft, at first tomentose, then fibrillose, dark violaceous, internally violaceous-cinereous. Cortina woolly, azure-blue, then ferruginous with the shed spores. Gills somewhat adnate, firm, distant, connected by veins, broader than the flesh of the pileus, dark almost black violaceous, then coloured with the cinnamon spores, but again violaceous when these are rubbed off. Inodorous. Very handsome. It is easily distinguished from its allies by the colour being always dark azure-blue externally and internally, by the •villous- scaly pileiis, and by the distant gills, In woods and open ground. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 12-13x7-8 mk. K. Edible, excellent, resem- bling Agaricus campestris in flavour. Name — violaceous, of a violet colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 46. Hym. Eur. p. 360. Sv. dtl. Sv. t, 58. Berk. Out. p. 187. C. Hbk. n. 505. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 462. Hussey i. t. 12. Ag. Sv. Bar. t. 288. Hcd-w.fil. Obs. t. 4. Bull. t. 250? 45. C. cyanites Fr. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, at first dark blue, soon becoming pallid azure-blue or livid-fuscous, fleshy, soft, convex then flattened, obtuse, silky, becoming even and smooth, never floccoso-squamulose ; flesh azure-blue then whitish, here and there reddish when broken. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the base, 12-18 mm. (/4-% in-) at the apex, solid, very bulbous, fibrillose, azure-dark blue, lilac when touched, also azure-blue within, but reddish blood -colour on contact with the atmosphere, and when com- pressed pouring out a watery vinous-reddish juice. Cortina fibrillose, azure-blue. Gills rounded, crowded, thin, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more broad, commonly beautifully dark blue. A magnificent species. Var. major : pileus and stem compact, turning red more slowly, gills somewhat distant, cinereous-dark blue. In wood. Reading. 24 AGARICINI. Inoloma. Name — Kvavos, dark blue. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 47. Hym. Eur. p. 360. Icon. t. 152. f. i. B. & Br. n. 1544. 46. C. albo-violaceus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, violaceous- white, fleshy, convex, broadly wnbonate or rather gibbous, dry, not moist, beautifully innately silky and becoming even; flesh juiqr, azure-blue-white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, solid, firm, clavato-bulbous or conico-attenuated, 1-2.5 cent, (^-i in.) thick, externally and internally white-violaceous, white- villous, fibrillose above with the cortina, and often with the white veil in the form of a zone at the middle. Gills adnate, scarcely emarginate, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, somewhat distant, some- what serrulated, of a peculiar cinereous -violaceous colour, at length cinereous-cinnamon with the spores. Inodorous, insipid. The fibrils on the stem are longitudinally adpressed as in Ag. geophyllus. There is a larger form with the well-formed pileus obtuse. In woods. Forres, &c. Sept.-Oct. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 6-9 x 4-5 mk. K. ; pruniform, 10 mk. Q. Name — albus, white ; violaceus, violet. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 49. Hym. Eur. p. 361. Icon. t. 151. f. 3. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1883, p. 31. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 55. 47. C. camphoratus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, at first lilac, then changing colour (becoming white, yellow, &c.) but not hygrophanous, truly fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, at first silky then becoming smooth ; flesh azure-blue. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (J4-1 in.) thick, solid, soft, bulbous or obclavate, when young with a woolly sheath, violet, but internally white at the base. Cortina fibrillose, azure- blue, at length cinnamon with the spores. Gills at first arcuate, commonly adnato - decurrent, but varying emarginate, thin, crowded, at the first intensely azure-blue, then becoming purple. Odour foetid and exceedingly penetrating, wholly peculiar, and different from the goat smell of C. traganus. In woods. Fine shade. Spores ochraceous-cinnamon, Fr. ; 9x6 mk. K. Name — camphoratus, strong-scented. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 50. Hym. Eur. p. 362. Icon.t. 152. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1128. C. Hbk, n. 506. *** Gills or veil cinnamon, Q^c. 48. C. traganus Fr.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, very fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, dry, at first silky, becoming even, //^-purplish, soon becoming pale, at length becoming smooth and yellowish internally and externally. Stem 7.5-12.5 CORTINARIUS. 25 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (/4.-1 in.) thick, the villous base inoioma. however very bulbous, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) thick, solid, spongy, at first silky, then fibrillose, violaceous then whitish, internally deep saffron-ochraceous. Cortina continuous with the silky covering of the pileus, pallid violaceous, then cinnamon with the spores. Gills emarginate, broad, distant, distinct, firm, saffron-ochraceous, at length cinnamon, somewrhat crenate at the edge. Readily distinguished by its very fcetid odour, and by its thick distant gills being at the first saffron-ochraceous. In pine woods. Forres, &c. Aug.-Sept. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 8-10x5-6 mk. K. Name — tragits, a goat. With goat smell. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 51. Hym. Eur. p. 362. B. & Br. n. 1499. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 463. Ag. Schceff. t. 56. Var. finitimus Weinm. — Pileus silky, at length smooth, lilac, as is the stem, which is yellowish and mottled within, but not saffron-coloured nor brown. Smell not at all that of the typical form, but pleasant though peculiar, resembling that of gum just beginning to ferment. Forres. Name—jlnitimus, nearly related. Weinm. p. 155. B. & Br. n. 1499. S. Mycol. Scot. sub. n. 463. 49. C. tophaceus Fr. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, £77/d5?#-tawny, opaque, not becoming pale, compactly fleshy, thin towards the margin, hemispherical, everywhere villoso-squamu- lose, varying slightly silky and shining ; flesh soft, 'white, strong- smelling. Stem solid, bulbous, villoso-squamulose, tawny, the fibrillose veil of the same colour. Gills broadly emarginate, 12 mm. (yz in.) and more broad, distant, of the same colour, at length tawny-cinnamon. Commonly springing up in a dense band, somewhat csespitose, but also solitary and then larger, in form, stature, and villoso-squaimdose covering of pileus, appearing like C. violaceus, only that species is of an entirely different colour. Odour not remarkable. It glitters from its golden colozcr. In woods. King's Lynn. Spores ellipsoid or subglobose, 6-8 mk. C.B.P. ; 7x5 mk. W.P. Name — tophus, tufa, a volcanic rock of an earthy texture. Of the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 52. Hym. Eur. p. 363. Quel. Grev. t. 109. f. 2. * C. redimitus Fr. — Pileus thinner, obtusely umbonate, sbin- ing, golden, streaked with innate fibrils ; flesh white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, slightly thickened at the base, 12 mm. (yz in.) thick, solid, internally soft, fibroso-striate, yellowish. Gills ad- nate, with a small decurrent tooth, light yellow then tawny. In mixed wood. Glamis, 1875. Oct. Name — redimio, to wreathe round, 26 AGARICINI. Inoloma. encircle. Perhaps of the fibrillose streaking. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 52. Hym. Eur. p. 363. Icon, t. 153. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1545. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 464. 50. C. callisteus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, yellow- tawny, not hygrophanous and not becoming pale, fleshy, thin, especially at the bent-in margin, convexo- expanded, scarcely umbonate, rather smooth, silky towards the margin, but com- monly broken up into minute innate squamules ; flesh yellowish- white. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, clavato-bulbous, equally attenuated upwards, 12 mm. (% in.) and more thick at the base, solid, remarkably fibrillose or striate, externally and internally firm and yellow, rhubarb-colour, soft and spongy only at the base. Cortina marginal, fibrillose, fugacious, yellow- tawny. Gills wholly adnate, adnexed behind mutually and to the stem with flocci, plane, somewhat distant, distinct, 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, thin, quite entire, yellow-tawny. Odour none. Very remarkable. The figure of Saunders and Smith repre- sents it admirably as regards stature and characters, but departs from it in the ferruginous colour. In woods. Rare. July. The colours are nearly those of A. aureus. M.J.B. Spores 8x6 mk. W. G.S. Name — /caAos, beautiful. Very beautiful. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 53. Hym. Eur. p. 363. Berk. Out. p. 187. C. Hbk. n. 507. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 465. Saund. dr5 Sm. t. 3. A. validus Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 84. 51. C. Bulliardi Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, dark rufescent, bay-brown-blood-colour becoming pale, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, dry, commonly smooth, but also wholly fibrillose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, fibrillose, variegated blood-red downwards as is also the ovate bulb, white at the apex. Cortina fugacious, whitish. Gills adnexed, with a decurrent tooth, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, somewhat crowded, purplish then ferruginous, crenulated at the (whitish) edge. Flesh whitish, but that of the stem rufescent at the base. Readily distin- guished by its cinnabar bTilb. Stature small but firm. Strong smelling. In mixed woods. Bristol, &c. Sept. Name — after Bulliard. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 53. Hym. Eur. p. 363. Berk. Out. p. 187. C. Hbk. n. 508. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 466. Quel. t. 9. /. 3 (departing from type). Ag. Bull. t. 431. /. 3. 52. C. bolaris Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- C1"2 m-) ar>d more broad, light yellow-red, or pale, smooth or variegated with innate, ad- pressed, spot-like, red scales, rarely of one colour with continuous scales, fleshy, convexo-plane, obsoletely umbonate ; flesh very CORTINARIUS. 27 firm, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) Inoloma. thick, stuffed, sometimes hollow, hard, equal, pale, beautifully variegated with saffron-red, adpressed, fibrillose scales, white at the apex, sometimes continuously scarlet. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious, saffron -red. Gills commonly decurrent, arcuate, sometimes adnate, even emarginate, crowded, at first pale then dark cinnamon. The stem varies straight, curved and elongated and flexuous. Very elegant. Sometimes solitary, sometimes somewhat caespitose. In beech woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Name — /SwAos, a clod ; dim. jSwAaptov ; /SuSAn/os, made of clay, i.e., of brick. Perhaps in allusion to the red colour. When young like a red clod. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 54. Hym. Eur. p. 364. Berk. Out. p. 188. t. 19. f. i. C. Hbk. n. 509. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 467. Grevillea, t. 79. Ag. Pers. Ic. Pict. t. 14. f. i. #*** GUIs or veil dark, fuscotts, olivaceous. 53. C. pholideus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, fawn- colour, becoming pale, at length somewhat cinnamon, fleshy but thin, convex then flattened, somewhat umbonate and depressed round the umbo, scaly and squarrose with innate, piloso-fascicu- late, crowded, fuscous-blackish fibres, which are fewer towards the margin; flesh pallid. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) thick, solid, attenuated upwards (sometimes shorter and clavato-bulbous), scaly as far as the somewhat annular cortina with fibrillose, crowded, somewhat concentric, fuliginous-black scales; above the universal cortina even and pallid violaceous, furnished with a spider-web cortina (double veiled). Gills somewhat emarginate, crowded, thin, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, at first violaceous then clay-colour, at length dark cinnamon with the spores. Very distinct and very beautiful ; readily recognised by the gills being at the first violaceous, and by the pileus and stem being squarrose with fuliginous- blackish scales. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores subsphaeroid, 6-7x5-6 mk. K. Name — <£oAi?3 a scale. Scaly. Fr. Mo?wgr. ii. /. 55. Hym. Eur. p. 364. Berk. Out. p. 188. C. Hbk. n. 510. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 468. Ag. Alb. & Schw. t. 12. /. i. 54. C. sublanatus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, fawn-colour, then becoming tan -fuscous, at length becoming ferruginous, slightly fleshy, campanulate then expanded, um- bonate, clothed with innate, floccose, fuscous sqtiamules; flesh comparatively thin, whitish. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, solid, 28 AGARICINI. inoloma. conico-clongated or clavato-bulbous, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the base, clothed to the middle with fuscous down con- tinued into a fibrillose cortina which does not form a zone, at the apex slightly violaceous, naked. Gills adnate, broader behind, scarcely crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, olivaceous-yellowish, at length cinnamon. The squamules on the pileus are less compact and not so much crowded as those of C. pholideus. In woods. Rare. Oct. Spores ovoid-pruniform, dotted, 10 mk. Q. Name — lana, wool. Some- what woolly. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 55. Hym. Eur. p. 364. Berk. Out. p. 188. C. Hbk. n. 511. Ag. Sow. t. 224. Hussey ii. t. 22. 55. C. arenatus Fr. — Pileus pale yellowish- fuscous, fleshy, convex, at first gibbous, granulose withfloccose squamules. Stem clavato-attenuated, sheathed beyond the middle, fuscous-squamu- lose, even at the apex, pallid. Gills emarginate, ventricose, some- what crowded, yellowish-cinnamon. Closely related to C. sublanatus ; when young also olive, not easily distin- guished from forms of C. pholideus which have changed their colour, but the gills are never violaceous. In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Spores 6-7x4-5 mk. VV.P. Name — arena, sand. .From the granulose pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 365. Berk. Out. p. 188. C. Hbk. n. 512. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 469. Hussey i. t. 72. Ag. Bull. t. 586. 56. C. penicillatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more broad, ferruginous - fuscous, becoming tawny when dry, thin, slightly fleshy, convex, minutely umbonate, dry, densely fioccoso- scaly, scales innate, dark, ferruginous-fuscous ; flesh very thin, of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, fragile, squamose almost to the apex with adpressed, fuscous-ferruginous, concentric scales, paler than the pileus, paler and adpressedly silky at the very apex. Gills separating, plane, somewhat crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, dark brown. Placed here on account of the innately squamulose pileus and its affinity with species in this section, but its stature is quite that of the Dermocybce. In pine woods. Cabalva. Sept.-Oct. Spores pruniform, rough, 7-8 mk. Q. Name — penicillum, a painter's brush. Pencilled. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 56. Hym. Eur. p. 365. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 77. CORTINARIUS. 29 Tribe IV. DERMOCYBE (Sep/m, skin ; KvM, a head). Pileus Dermocybe. thinly and equally fleshy, at first silky with somewhat innate villous down, but becoming smooth when old, dry and not hygropha- nous. Flesh watery when moist or coloured. Stem equal or attenuat- ed, externally more rigid, elastic or brittle, internally stuffed or hollow. Veil single, fibrillose, forming a zone in C. caninus. A natural group, easily distinguished from Inolomata by the thinness and substance of the pilcus and by the stem; and from the following subgenera by the pileus not being moist or hygrophanous, and by its short floccose or atomate cover- ing, its brighter colour, &>c. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 366. The species of this subgenus are very changeable, and not easily de- fined on account of the changeable colour of the gills. It com- prehends two primary types ; first that of C. anomalus with the flesh of the pileus white, and secondly that of C. cinnamomeus with the flesh scissile and coloured. Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 57. XLIII. Cortinariits (Dermocybe) cinnamomeiis. One-third nat- ural size. * Gills at first whitish or pallid. ** Gills at first violaceous, becoming purple. *** Gills brightly cinnamon, red, yellow. coloured. Elegant. **** Olivaceous, veil dingy pallid or fuscous. Pileus not torn into scales. Stem and fibrillose cortina * Gills at first whitish or pallid. 57. C. ochroleucus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pale-white, fleshy, especially at the disc, broadly campanulate then expanded and somewhat gibbous, delicately and slightly silky, then becom- ing smooth, even; flesh firm, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, ventricose, naked, white, fibrillose at the apex with the cortina. Gills broader behind, adnexed, then separating-free, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, crowded, clay-colour then ochraceous. Odour none, taste remarkable, bitterish, not unpleasant. B. larger and more robust. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.), somewhat obtuse, ochrey-white. Stem as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, attenuated upwards. Gills adnate, pallid clay then cinnamon. 30 AGARICINI. Dermocybe. In mixed woods. Rare. Oct. Name— o>xp°s> yellowish ; Aeu/cds, white. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 57. Hym. Eur. p, 366. Berk. Out. p. 189. C. Hbk. n. 513. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 470. Brig, t. 3 1./. 1-4. Ag. S chaff, t. 34. 58. C. decumbens Fr. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i}4 in.) broad, sometimes entirely white, sometimes yellowish, shining, by no means hygrophanous, fleshy, firm, convex then plane, gibbous then obtuse, even, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in.) long, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed, at length hollow, ascending, clavato- bulbous downwards, smooth, white. Cortina fugacious, white. Gills adnexed, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, thin, white then clay-colour, and at length ochrey-cinnamon with the spores. Pileus silky-shining with a fibrillose pellicle, though smooth. In woods. Epping. Name — from the decumbent stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 57. Hym. Eur. p. 366. B. &> Br. n. 1775. 59. C. tabularis Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, clay or fuscous-clay becoming pale, equally fleshy, not compact, convexo-plane, broadly gibbous, at length becoming remarkably plane, at first veiled with very thin, white flood, silky near the margin, then wholly smooth; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, stuffed, at length hollow, tough, elastic, attenuated from the base or equal, erect, sometimes floccoso-scaly, sometimes even, somewhat smooth, white, becom- ing pale. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills somewhat emarginate, crowded, thin, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, whitish then clay-colour. Sometimes the pileus is slightly concave, retaining water, and then the flocci are broken up and collected in the form of a zone round the margin. At the first the gills more rarely but slightly and very fugaciously incline to bluish-grey. A form has occurred with the gills at length ferruginous. Larger, paler, and smoother than C. anomalus to which it approaches. In woods. Common. Sept.-Oct. Name — tabula, a flat board or tablet. From the flat pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 58. Hym. Eur. p. 366. Berk. Out. p. 189. C. Hbk. n. 514. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 471. Bull. t. 431. /. 5. 60. C. camurus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pallid fuscous-hoary, not hygrophanous, but becoming pale, pallid yel- lowish, umbo deeper in colour, very unequally fleshy, somewhat compact at the disc, but membranaceous almost to the middle, with a broad, obtuse, often oblique umbo, when dry rimosely in- cised; flesh white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) CORTINARIUS. 31 thick, somewhat hollow, equal, always ascending or twisted, even, Dermocybe smooth or fibrillose below, externally and internally white, naked and silvery -shining at the apex. Gills variously adnexed on account of the oblique pileus, sometimes broader behind and wholly adnate, sometimes almost free, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, thin, grey-clay-colour, then watery cinnamon and some- what fuscous, quite entire and of the same colour at the edge. Odour somewhat rancid, but taste not remarkable. Different from all neighbouring species in being remarkably fragile. In mixed woods. England. Glamis. Oct. yia.me—camtirus, crooked. Of the stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 59. Hym. Eur. p. 367. Icon. t. 154. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1546. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 472. Bull. t. 431. /. 4. 61. C. diabolicus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, at fast fuscous and crusted with grey, then smooth and fuscous- yellowish, fleshy, thin, hemispherical, obtuse, then gibbous, dry, fragile, at length cracked. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, commonly thin, 4 mm. (2 lin.) (but occurring as much as 10 mm., 5 lin.) thick, stuffed, attenuated downwards, smooth, pale, bluish-grey at the apex. Cortina fugacious. Gills adnate, separating, some- what emarginate, somewhat crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more broad, firm, very pale bluish-grey then soon whitish, at length clay-colour. Inodorous. A singular species, placed here on account of its colours. When old it might be readily taken for C. raphanoides. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Name—" Called diabolicus because it holds a doubtful place among all the sections of this subgenus." Fr. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 60. Hym. Eur. p. 367. Berk. Out. p. 189. C. Hbk. n. 515. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 473. ** Gills at first violaceous, becoming purple. 62. C. caninus Fr.— Pileus 7. 5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, variable in colour, fuscous, brown, £c., equally fleshy, not compact, firm, not cracked, convex then becoming plane, obtuse, at first in- crusted or hoary with silky villous down round the margin ; when full grown becoming smooth; flesh white, at length somewhat yellowish. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 12 mm. (% in.) thick, stuffed, spongy internally, at length hollow, thickened at the base, somewhat bulbous, often white- villous, pale - white, vio- laceous at the apex. Gills emarginate, somewhat distant, thin, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, bluish-grey or purplish then cinnamon. The pileus is commonly brick-rufescent when old even becoming tawny 32 AGARICINI. Dermocybe. when dry. The veil in the perfect state is double, the inferior one fibrillose or scaly clothing the greater part of the stem, and terminating near the apex in an annular (white or fuscous) zone, above which the stem is slightly villous and cortinate. Allied to C. tabularis as to stature, and distinct from C. anomalus in the stem being sheathed, veiled and adpressedly fibrous, somewhat annularly zo?ied above, and in the pilens being fuscous then rufescent. In mixed woods. Common. Sept.-Nov. Spores subsphseroid, 8-10 x 7-8 mk. K. Name — cants, a dog. Of doubtful meaning. Applied to various common plants. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 60. Hym. Eur. p. 368. Berk. Out. p. 189. C. Hbk. n. 516. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 474. Saund. & Sm. t. 15. Ag. Buxb. C. 4. t. 22. Bull. t. 544. f. i. 63. C. myrtillinus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pure fuliginous, hoary-silky with dense fibrils, never rufescent, fleshy, thin, tough, gibbous then becoming plane ; flesh when moist watery fuscous, when dry white, violaceous at the apex of the stem. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, externally tough, slightly bulbous, white-silky, whitish. Cortina scarcely manifest. Gills adnate, somewhat dis- tant, of a beautiful amethyst-azure-blue^ scarcely changing colour, never becoming purple. The pileus is not at the first so convex as that of C. anomalus. The colour and habit are so like those of Ag. midus, that those who say that that species is furnished with a veil seem really to have had this before them. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1875. Rannoch. Sept. Name — myrtus, myrtle. Of colour (my r feus), chestnut-brown. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 61. Hym. Eur. p. 368. B. & Br. n. 1547. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 475. Bolt. t. 147. 64. C. anomalus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, fuliginous then rufescent, becoming hoary with separating fibrils, at length yellowish, but not hygrophanous, fleshy, thin, remark- ably convex, then expanded and gibbous ; flesh watery when moist, white when dry, not scissile. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, attenu- ated from the base, slightly sheath ^^ fibrillose or somewhat scaly, violaceous above, whitish below, of the same colour internally, at length becoming pale, somewhat yellow. Gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, more or less violaceous, bluish-grey-purplish, at length cinnamon. Very thin, inodorous, more or less gregarious. Cortina coloured. There is a more slender variety in pine woods, with the stem thin, equal, smooth, and flexuous. In woods. Common. Aug.-Oct. CORTINAR1US. 33 The colour (even of the gills) is very changeable. Spores ellipsoid-sphseroid, Dermocybe. 8-9x6-7 mk. K. Name — a, 6/u.aAo?, even. Irregular, anomalous. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 62. Hym. Eur. p. 369. Icon. t. 154. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 190. C. Hbk. n. 517. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 476. Ag. Bull. t. 431. /. 2. 65. C. spilomeus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rufescent or clay-colour, not hygrophanous, somewhat fleshy, convex then expanded, gibbous, becoming smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, thin, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat equal, white- lilac and beautifully variegated 'with rufous or tawny scales, furnished with a white cortina at the apex. Gills adnate or emarginate, crowded, narrow, thin, quite entire, bluish-grey or violaceous, becoming pale, at length watery cinnamon. Very elegant, commonly caespitose. The scales on the stem are like those of C. pholideus but with the colour of those of C. bolaris. In woods. Uncommon. Spores subsphaeroid, 8-9 x 7-8 mk. K. Name — c. 82. C. torvus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, brick- colour, fleshy but thin with exception of the disc, convex, margin at first bent inwards, then wholly flattened, obtuse, somewhat fragile, even or broken up when dry, pierced with dotted points when old, at first sprinkled with hoary squamules and fibrils, and marbled with the same hoariness when it becomes smooth ; flesh whitish when dry, dingy. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (K-i in.) thick, solid, pierced by larvas, and at length spongy, when young short and bulbous, then elongated and somewhat equal, when perfect sheathed to the middle and ringed with the adnate veil, above which it is more equal and pale violaceous, when young furnished with a villous cortina, then fibrillose ; below the white spreading ring wJiitish, fibrillose and in fullest vigour floccoso-scaly, white-villous at the base. Gills somewhat adnate, thick, distant, plane, fragile, very broad (6-12 mm., 3-6 lin.), at first violaceous, soon purplish-umber, at length dark cinnamon, edge quite entire, at length veined at the base. Striking, commonly robust. It is difficult to describe the ground colour of CORTINARIUS. 41 the pileus ; date-brown, brick-colour, copper-brown. There is a variety (in Telamonia. drier weather) with the gills rufescent-flesh-colour. Small forms changed in colour occur. The pileus like that of C. scutulatus, elatior, £c. varies pitted- wrinkled and ribbed from the centre. In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Name — torvus, savage. Growing in wild places. Fr, Monogr. ii. p. 74. Hym. Eur. p. 376. Icon. t. 157. / i. B, & Br. n. 1353. C. Hbk. n. 524. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 485. Bull. t. 600. /. Q.R.S. Kalch. t. 21. /. i. 83. C. impennis Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, at first abnost umber, then brick-colour, changing colour and dingy, somewhat equally JZesfty, very obtuse, convex, smooth, when young silky only round the margin, at length cracked ; flesh pallid. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent- (1A~1 in-) thick, solid, cylindrical^ scarcely bulbous, not clothed with scales, pale, becom- ing violet at the apex and internally azure-blue, girt towards the apex with a white zone formed of the veil, and furnished with a cortina (of the same colour). Gills at first adnate, then emar- ginate, distant, rather thick, at first intensely and brightly vio- laceous and somewhat purplish, but immediately changing colour and becoming watery ferruginous. The pileus does -not become hoary. Approaching C. torvus in colours, but much inferior, certainly different in the stem not being sheathed with the veil, in the pileus being smooth, &c. In a young state the colour is almost that of Ag. butyraceus. Among dead leaves. Bomere. Name — penna, a feather. Without feathers. Smooth, contrasted with C. plumiger. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 75. Hym. Eur. p. 376. Icon. t. 157. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1880. 84. C. plumiger Fr. — Pileus fuscous, somewhat olivaceous when moist, brick-tan when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, conical when young, then campanulate, with a broad obtuse very prominent umbo, when more expanded as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.), and often cracked, dry, clothed with dense white floccoso- plumose scales, which are sometimes erect and squarrose, some- times (after showers) adpressed and silky. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the base, 10 mm. (5 lin.) at the apex, solid, remarkably clavate, pale, internally watery whitish. Veil floccoso-scaly on the stem, somewhat in the form of a ring at the apex, shining white. Gills adnate, scarcely crowded broad, at first violaceous, soon of a watery then of a pure cinna- mon, edge quite entire, of the same colour or clay. Handsome. 42 AGARICINI. Telamonia. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1875. Sept. Name — plumiger, feather-bearing. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 76. Hym. Eur. p. 377. B. & Br. n. 1550. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 486. Quel. Grev. t. 112. f. 2. 85. 0. scutulatus Fr. — Pileus comparatively small, at first Purple -umber or brick- fuliginous, very hygrophanous, brick- colour when dry, somewhat fleshy, at first ovato-globose, then campanulato-hemispherical, obtuse, at first white-silky round the margin, then naked, but riiiulose in the form of innate squamules, varying lacunose-wrinkled ; flesh thin, violaceous. Stem some- times 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, some- times 12.5-15 cent. (5-6 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) thick, solid and rigid, cylindrical or bulbous at the very base, externally and internally intensely violaceous, at length becoming fuscous, white- villous at the base, somewhat rooted, occasionally ascending, sheathed and somewhat ringed with the white veil. Gills adnate, rarely emarginate, more or less distant, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, violaceous then purple, white-serrated at the edge when young, at length cinnamon. Odour strong of radish. Assuming various forms. Veil "white; when in fullest vigour there is not only a superior ring, but there are also many zones from the floccose scales being arranged concentrically as in C. triumphans ; commonly with a simple ring above and clothed with sparse fibrils, occa- sionally quite denuded. There are, moreover, variations with the stem hol- low at the apex and the pileus umbilicate — with the pileus umbonate, more even, &c. In moist woods. Foxley, Cabalva. Sept.-Oct. Name— scutula, diamond, lozenge-shaped. From the markings on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 76. Hym. Eur. p. 377. Icon. t. 158. /. 2. Grev- illea, vol. xii. p. 77. 86. C. evernius Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, purple- b ay -brown, brick-colour when dry and becoming isabelline-hoary when old, very hygrophanous, thin, &\mos\. fleshy -membranaceous, conico-campanulate then flattened, obsoletely umbonate, when young here and there adpressedly silky with the fibrillose white veil, but commonly smooth, at length rimosely incised and torn into fibrils, very fragile ; flesh very thin, of the same colour. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 12 mm. (l/2 in.) and more thick, stuffed, soft, equal or attenuated downwards, slightly striate, viola- ceous, becoming pale, squamulose and obsoletely zoned with the adpressed veil. Gills adnate, ventricose, very broad (1-2.5 cent., Yz-\ in.), distant, violaceous-purple^ becoming pale, at length cinnamon. Odour not remarkable. Changing colour "very much. It is analogous with CORTINARIUS. 43 C. elatior in stature, but there is plainly no affinity between them from the Telamonia. absence of a glutinous veil, and from the very different colours. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores subspheeroid-ellipsoid, 8-12x5-7 mk. K. Name — evepnj?, (epi-o?, sprout) sprouting. Growing tall. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 77. Hym. Eur. p. 377. Berk. Out. p. 191. C. Hbk. n. 525. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 487. Sow. t. 125 (departing very much from the type). Quel. Grev. t. 112. f. 3. 87. C. quadricolor Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pallid yellow, then somewhat tawny, shining when dry, slightly fleshy, conical then flattened, umbonate, smooth, at length pierced or spotted, radiato-striate at the margin ; flesh thin, of the same colour. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, thin, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal, flexuous, slightly rigid, fibrilloso- striate with the adpressed veil, violaceous-whitish, the veil above collapsing in the form of a zoned oblique white ring, at length vanishing. Gills adnate, distant, broad, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.), but thin, white-serrated at the edge, sometimes dark violaceous, some- times purplish then cinnamon. Very much allied to C. hinnuleus, but the colours are different. In woods. Coed Coch. Blaize Castle, Bristol. Oct. Name — quadricolor, of four colours. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 84. Hym. Eur. p. 378. B. & Br. n. 1663. Bucknall, Brist. Nat. Soc. Proc. vol. iv. t. 5. /. 2. Ag. Schceff. t. 303. Stem and veil reddish or yellow. 88. C. armillatus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, red- brick- colour, truly fleshy, but not very compact, at first cylindrical, soon campanulate, at length flattened, dry, at first smooth, soon innately fibrillose or squamulose ; flesh dingy pallid. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, firm, remarkably bulbous (bulb 2.5 cent., I in. thick, villous, whitish) and fibrillose at the base, when old striate and rufescent-pallid, internally isabelline. Exterior veil woven, red, arranged in 2-4 distant cinnabar zones encircling the stem; partial veil continuous with the upper zone, arachnoid, reddish- white. Gills adnate, slightly rounded, distant, at first pallid cinnamon, at length very broad (12 mm., l/2 in.), dark ferruginous, almost bay-brown. Odour of radish. A very striking species. From the pileus not being hygrophanous, at the first smooth and at length torn into fibrils or squamulose, it might easily be taken for a species of Inoloma. The cortina itself is paler than the zones. It differs from all others in these zones. In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. 44 AGARICINI. Telamonia. The rings are usually somewhat oblique. Spores ellipsoid, 10-12 x 6-7 mk. K, ; pruniform, nucleate, rough, 10-12x5-7 mk. C.B.P. Name — armilla, a ring. Ringed. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 78. Hym. Eur. p. 378. Icon. t. 158. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 192. B. & Br. n. 1354. C. Hbk. n. 526. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 488. 89. 0. hsematochelis Fr. — Pileus fuscous-brick-colour (pallid), fleshy, thin, gibbous, silky-fibrillose. Stem solid, thickened but not bulbous, attenuated upwards, encircled with a rufous zone, becoming fuscous internally. Gills adnate, crowded, somewhat narrow, pallid cinnamon. In woods. Coed Coch. Oct. Name — aVa, blood ; xe'^v?. the chest. Girt with a red zone. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 378. B. 6-= Br. n. 1273, 1354. Hussey i. t. 19. Ag. Bull. t. 527. f. i. Paul. t. in. 90. C. limonius Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, but often smaller, tawny-lemon-yellow, ochraceous yellow and opaque when dry, very hygrophanous, truly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, even and smooth when moist, rimosely incised when dry ; flesh of the same colour, not scissile. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, fleshy, solid (but often pierced by larvae), equal or sometimes attenuated, sometimes slightly thickened, at the base, where it is at length deep saffron, floccoso-scaly with the light-yellow veil, and here and there with a floccose ring at the apex, of the same colours as the pileus. Gills adnate, more rarely emarginate, distant, for a long time yellow to light-yellow, at length tawny-cinnamon. Odour none. There is scarcely a manifest affinity with any other species than C. psammocephalus. The floccose ring is often awanting, but from the scales of the stem it is manifestly a species of Telamonia. In pine woods. Rare. Name — lemon-coloured (Citrus Litnonum). Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 80. Hym. Eur. p. 379. Icon. t. 159. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 192. C. Hbk. n. 527. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 489. Quel. Grev. t. ii2./. 4. Ag. Holmsk. Of. 2. t. 40. 91. C. helvolus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent., 2-3 in. (in smaller specimens 2.5-5 cent., 1-2 in.) broad, dark tawny-cinnamon, very pale yellow when dry, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, smooth, becoming even, margin, which is at the first furnished with a cortina, regularly be?it inwards. Stem 5-20 cent. (2-8 in.) long, firm, solid, rarely pierced, somewhat equal, not tense and straight, fibrillose, girt above with an an- nular, narrow, ferruginous-margined zone formed of the woven veil. Gills remarkably emarginate, 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, distant, CORTINARIUS. 45 thick, somewhat veined at the base, opaque, tawny, then dark Telamonia. cinnamon. The stem in the largest form is 20 cent. (8 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, attenuated at the base; intermediate, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick ; smaller, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, attenuated from the base, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick at the apex. Flesh slightly tawny. Stem at length fuscous- ferruginous externally and internally. In mixed woods. Coed Coch. Glamis. Sept.-Oct. Name — helvolus, pale yellow. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 85. Hym. Eur. p. 379. B. 6^ Br. n. 1355. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 490. Bull. t. 531. /. i (except white flesh). 92. C. hinnuleus Fr. — Pileus pallid tawny-cinnamon, becom- ing pale, shining when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, campanulato- expanded, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, sometimes depressed in the centre, even, smooth, often pierced with dotted points ; flesh of the same colour. Stem 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) long, stuffed, but commonly pierced by larvae, equal or attenuated downwards, rigid, dingy tawny and sometimes fuscous, but white-silky with the adpressed silky veil and white-zoned above with the woven veil. Gills more or less emarginato-adnexed, distant, but thin, the edge, which is of the same colour, acute and quite entire, S-io mm. (4-5 lin.) broad '(semiovate when smaller), connected by veins, plane, saffron-tawny. Varying much in stature. Stem sometimes short 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, sometimes 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, sometimes elongated 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and flexuous. It departs from all the others in this group in the white veil. The above is the earlier form in birch wood. B. later among poplar. Stem at length hollow, wholly fibrous, internally dark tawny, externally pale with the silky fibrils, ring obsolete ; but the pileus (somewhat membranaceous, conico-expanded, acutely or obtusely umbonate, darker, yellowish when dry and at length rimosely torn) is silky round the margins. Gills adnate, distinct, opaque, slightly tawny then cinnamon. Very small form, stem 12 mm. (yz in.), gills very broad. In mixed woods. Common. Sept.-Oct. Name — hinnuleus, fawn. Fawn-coloured. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 86. Hym. Eur. p. 380. Berk. Out. p. 192. C. Hbk. n. 528. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 491. Sow. t. 173. Quel. Grev. t. H3-/. i. 93. C. gentilis Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (K-i in-) broad, tawny- cinnamon, yellow when dry, very hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, conico-expanded, then flattened, acutely umbonate, rimosely in- cised, varying somewhat silky ; flesh thin and of the same colour. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, slender, equal or attenuated at the base, often curved, fibrillose, of the same colours as the pileus when moist and dry, never becoming pale. Veil forming an annular zone, 46 AGARICINI. Telamonia. oblique, sometimes arranged in many zones, sometimes floccoso- scaly below the ring, yellow. Gills aclnate, thick, very distant, plane, connected by veins, quite entire, tawny-cinnamon. Gregarious. The stem is commonly more tense and straight than others of the same stature. The gills are of the same colour as the pileus in the primary state ; they do not change colour when dry, like the pileus and stem, where- fore the fungus is remarkably of the same colour when moist, but when dry of different colours, the pileus and stem being yellow. Spores have been observed somewhat clay-coloured on a black ground. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Spores subsphasroid-ellipsoid, 8-9x5-6 mk. K.; pruniform, nucleate, slightly rough, 10x6 mk. C.B.P. Name— -gentilis, national, as opposed to exotic. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 87. Hym. Eur. p. 380. Icon. t. 159. /. 2. Br. Bath Trans- act. 1870, p. 72. C. Hbk. n. 529. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 492. GrevilZea, t. 84. /• 3- 94. 0. helvelloides Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (Yz-i in.) broad, ferruginous, becoming tawny when dry, somewhat membrana- ceous, convex then flattened, umbonate (obtusely or acutely), smooth, somewhat striate when moist, when more fully grown cracked and squarrose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, very much undulated and flex- uous, somewhat ferruginous and without any whiteness. Veil yellowish, silky round the margin of the pileus, and somewhat in the form of a ring at the apex of the stem, above which the stem is white-silky and glittering. Gills adnate, very thick and exceed- ingly distant, rather broad, distinct, at first violaceous-umber (never purplish), edge white-floccose, soon however of one colour umber-cinnamon, at length ferruginous. Quite inodorous. The pileus varies fibrillose when young ; sometimes bul- late, rarely conical : it varies also in colour. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Name — Hel-vella-like. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 87. Hym. Eur. p. 380. Icon. t. 139. f. 3. B. (Sr5 Br. n. 929. C. Hbk. n. 530. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 493. •*#•*# $fem becoming fuscous, &>€. 95. C. punctatus Fr. — Pileus hoary-umber (tan), somewhat membranaceous, conico-convex, smooth, at length even, pierced. Stem somewhat fistulose, equal, slender, undulated, fibrilloso- striate, yellow-fuscous, girt with a pallid fuscous zone from the fugacious veil. Gills adnate, very distant, quite entire, brown- cinnamon, Primary form : pileus 12 mm. (yz in.) broad ; stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, scarcely beyond 2 mm. (i lin.) thick ; gills almost 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad. Very CORTINARIUS. 47 much allied to C. gentilis, distinct in the colour of all its parts, and in the Telamonia. convex, obtuse or obtusely umbonate pileus. Commonly also thinner, very flexuous, like C. helvelloides. In pine woods it occurs larger, somewhat cin- namon, pileus at length fibrillose, gills sinuato-adnexed and less distant. In woods. Locality not recorded. Name— punctus, a puncture. Pierced. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 382. Monogr. ii. p. 91. B. & Br. n. 1551. II. — LEPTOPHYLLI. * Stern whitish, pallid, &^c. 96. C. triformis Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, remark- ably hygrophanous, fawn-colour when young, then yellowish or honey-colour, isabelline when dry, unequally fleshy, thin at the margin, convex then plane, obtuse or slightly gibbous, superficially fibrillose or becoming smooth, at length pierced-dotted, always even, opaque. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, somewhat bulbous, stuffed, spongy internally, fragile, rather smooth, pallid, ringed upwards with the woven veil, the ring dis- tant and white. Gills adnate, ventricose, somewhat emarginate, 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, connected by veins, somewhat distant, thin, watery honey-colour, then watery cinnamon. The pileus varies in colour, at first brownish or livid-yellowish, dingy tan when dry. The gills are of one colour. In woods. Alresford, Hants. Name — tres, three ; forma, form. From its assuming three distinct forms, of which the above (Sch&fferi) is the type. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 73. Hym. Eur. p. 382. Schceff. t. 247 ? Grevillea, vol. xiv. p. 38. ** Stem inclining to violet, &>c. 97. C. periscelis Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, lilac, white- silky, hygrophanous, campanulate then convex, umbo fleshy, otherwise somewhat membranaceous. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, equal, straight, fibrillose, of the same colour as the pileus, somewhat ringed with the woven fuscous veil, becomingfuscous when dry, white-villous at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, narrow, pallid then dark ferruginous. Peculiar, rather perhaps belonging to the fuscous series. In bogs and under beech. Bowood. Name— irepunceAis, a garter. From the ring. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 383. Berk. Out. p. 193. C. Hbk. n. 531. 98. C. flexipes Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (y£-i in.) broad, at first 48 AGARICINI. Telamonia very dark date-brown-fuscous, also inclining to violaceous, but becoming pale, very pale yellow in dry weather, tan when old, slightly fleshy, at first conical and acute, then expanded and acutely umbonate, at length depressed round the umbo, hoary - fibrillose, at length denuded, torn when old ; flesh thin, of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, then pierced, equal, flexuous, floccoso-scaly below the woven sufficiently manifest white ring, pallid, 'viola- ceous throughout or at least at the apex. Gills adnate, slightly distant, broad, purple or umber-violaceous, then at length cinna- mon, whitish at the edge. When old almost like C. evernius, with which it agrees in the variation of colour. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Name— -flexus, bent ; pes, a foot. From the flexuous stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 84. Hym. Etir. p. 384. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1881, /. 36. Grevillea, t. 113. ./. 3. 99. C. flabellus Fr. — Pileus 18 mm. (^ in.) broad, olivaceous- fuscous, tan when dry, somewhat membranaceous, commonly acutely umbonate, at first conical, then flattened, at first covered with white superficial separating scales, silky when dry, and at length rimosely incised, torn into fibrils ; flesh very thin, paler. Stem 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, sometimes short, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, in the typical form elongated (7.5-10 cent., 3-4 in.), stuffed then hollow, equal, undulated and flexuous, Jloccoso-scaly, pallid, becoming violet at the apex. Veil white, inferior, giving rise to the scales on the stem, terminating in a ring, which is sometimes perfect and entire, sometimes woven and oblique. Grills adnate, crowded, linear, narrow, dark violaceous, then cinnamon, at length ferruginous. Growing in troops. Odour strong, somewhat of radish. Ring often awanting. In woods. Coed Coch. According to Fries's earlier description the umbo is commonly obtuse and vanishing. Name— /fofo'//^, a small fan. Meaning not apparent. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 85. Hym. Eur. p. 384. B. & Br. n. 1881. *** Stem and pileus tawny, ferruginous. 100. C. psammocephalus Fr. Wholly tawny-cinnamon. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fleshy, thin, convex then plain and at length umbonate and revolute, broken up into mimite furfuraceous squam- ules. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, at CORTINARIUS. 49 length hollow, somewhat attenuated, sheathed with the continuous Telamonia. squamulose veil, from which proceeds a fibrillose cortina. Gills sinuato-adnate, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, at length darker, umber-cinnamon. Odour none. Internally it is of the same colour (not white as in Bulliard's fig.) ; the pileus and stem become pale and somewhat golden when dry. No distinct ring. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Name — i^a/u/uos, sand ; xe^aXrj, head. From the furfuraceous squamules on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 80. Hym. Eur. p. 384. Berk. Out. p. 193. C. Hbk. n. 532. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 494. Bull. t. 531. /. 2. 101. C. incisus Fr. — Pileus tawny-ferruginous, opaque, slightly fleshy, variable in form, sometimes very acutely, sometimes obso- letely umbonate, convexo - expanded, naked when young, then (especially in dry weather) torn into fibrils or scales, but even and shining when scorched by the sun. Stem sometimes curt, 2.5 cent, (i in. long), 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, sometimes elongated 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.), somewhat stuffed, flexuous, wholly fibrous in moist places, fibrillose, not polished externally. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, cinnamon-ferruginous. Not much smell. Growing in troops, somewhat caespitose. The pileus is commonly tawny-ferruginous, but when young also date-brown, olivaceous- fuscous, &c. It differs from G. gentilis, &c. , in the colour being darker, ferru- ginous, and especially in the somewhat zoned white veil. In woods. Loughborough. Spores ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, uniguttate, 9-12x6 mk. K. Name — incido, to cut into. From the cracked pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 88. Hym. Eur. p. 384. Icon. t. i6o./. i. B. & Br. n. 1272. Ag. Bull. t. 586. /. 2. 102. C. iliopodius Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (r~2 in-) broad, cinnamon, tan when dry, slightly fleshy, conical then expanded and for the most part acutely umbonate, at the first silky with hoary fibrils, becoming smooth when full grown. Stem here and there short, commonly elongated, stuffed, flexuous, equal, elastic, sheathed to the middle with the white veil which becomes even and silky, and cortinato-ringed where the sheathing ends, naked and fibrilloso-striate at the apex, internally saffron-cinnamon. Gills adnate, slightly distant, thin, cinnamon. Very protean, and there are individual forms which can scarcely be defined. It is distinguished, however, from others by its opaque cinnamon colour, that of the stem often becoming fuscous, by the stem being externally somewhat cartilaginous and paler, by the white veil, and by i\ie gills being more crowded and thin. In mixed woods. Common. July-Nov. VOL. II. D 50 AGARICINI. Telamonia. Name — iXv?, mud ; wous, a foot. From the dirty stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 88. Hym. Eur. p. 385. Berk. Out. p. 193. C. Hbk. n. 533. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 495. Ag. Bull. t. 586. /. 2. A.B., t. 578 partly. *#** Stemfloccoso-scaly, 103. C. hemitrichus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, dark fuscous, fuscous-tan when dry, umbo commonly persistently dark, somewhat fleshy, convexo - expanded, sometimes acutely, sometimes obtusely umbonate or wholly obtuse (in largest speci- mens even umbilicate on account of the hollow apex of the stem), sometimes wholly, sometimes round the margin elegantly white- fibrilloso-ctirled with erect flocci, the fibrils however superficial, even, never torn. Stem 4-6 cent. (i>£-2^ in.) long, at the very first hollow, equal, thick, firm, scarcely ever flexuous, pallid fuscous, white-flocculose below the medial ring which is woven, shining white, not rarely membranaceous and reflexed. Gills adnate, but ventricose at the base, hence they appear rounded, very crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, quite entire, clay-colour, at length cinnamon. Odour none, taste not unpleasant. Pileus stiff, scissile. It becomes ad- pressedly fibrillose when the flocci are flattened, and becomes smooth when these are wiped off by showers. The colour resembles that of C. castaneus when dry. In smaller forms the fibrils of the pileus are shorter, and the ring less conspicuous. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 7x5 mk. K. Name — 0pi£, hair. Partially hairy. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 89. Hym. Eur. p. 385. Icon. t. 160. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 930. C. Hbk. n. 534. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 496. 104. C. stemmatus Fr.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (i>£-2 in.) broad, date-brown when moist, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, fragile, hoary - silky round the margin when moist, fibrillose when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, stuffed then fistulose, equal or slightly attenuated at the base, often curved, soft, externally and internally ferruginous- date-brown, paler and becoming silky-even at the apex. Gills adnate, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, narrower behind, date- brown, opaque. Distinguished by the pileus being hoary-silky round the margin, and by the very crowded, narrow, date-brown gills. It occurs under two forms : the earlier with the stem floccoso-squamulose and somewhat ringed ; and the later with the stem naked, the veil being wiped off. Allied to C. uraceus, but in that species there is no trace of a woven veil even in its earliest stages. In moist woods. Lyne, Sussex. Name — ore>/om* a wreath. From the silky marginal band. Fr. Monogr. ii. CORTINARIUS. 5 [ /. 89. Hym. Eur. p. 385. Icon. t. 160. /. 3. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 68 Telamonia. (ringless form). 105. C. paleaceus Fr. — Pileus fuscous when damp, dingy when dry, very hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, conical then expanded, acutely or obtusely umbonate, at first silky with superficial squamulose white villous down (veil), becoming smooth, opaque ; flesh of the disc of the same colour, almost none at the sides. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slender, toughish, undulated on the surface, externally and inter- nally fuscous, paler when young, white-villous at the base, here and there squamulose with white flocci, and white-ringed at the apex. Gills adnate, broad, crowded, at first pallid-whitish, at length cinnamon. Odour weak. Commonly acutely umbonate. It differs from C. iliopodius in the stem not being tawny within, and in the veil being floccoso-scaly not be- coming even. In beech woods. Cabalva. Sept. -Oct. Name — palea, chaff. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 92. Hym. Eur. p. 386. Icon. t. 160. f. 4. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 77. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1883, /. 31. Quel. Grev. t. 113. / 5, t. 114. /. 4. Tribe VI. HYGROCYBE (typfo, moist ; smooth or only covered with white superficial fibrils, not viscous, but moist when fresh, changing colour when dry, flesh very thin or scissile ; rarely more compact at the disc. Stem slightly rigid, not sheathed ; cortina thin, fibrillose, rarely collaps- ing and forming an irregular zone on the stem. Quite distinct from Telamonia, but only by the -veil. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 386. I. FIRMIORES. Pileus somewhat fleshy, convex or campanulato - convex then ex- panded, obtuse or at length gibbous, mar- gin at first incurved. Stem (for the most part) attenuated upwards. * Stem white, cortina of the same colour. . ** Stem and gills commonly inclining to violet. In various species of the former sec- tion there is a fugitive tinge of violet at the apex of the stem. * Stem and somewhat obsolete veil yellow or rufous. head). PlleUS Hygrocybe. XL V. Cortinarius {Hygrocybe) castaneus. One-third natural size. 52 AGARICINI. Hygrocybe. **** Stem inclining to fuscous ; cortina of a pallid dirty colour or white (not yellow) ; gills dark. II. TENUIORES. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, conical then expanded, umbonate, umbo acute or more rarely obtuse and vanishing (the opposite is the way of the Firmiores), margin at first straight. Stem somewhat equal or attenuated at the base. ( The thinness of the pileus is only relative to its size. ) * Stem white. ** Stem inclining to violet or reddish. *** Stem yellowish, commonly becoming pale. **** Stem inclining to fuscous. I. — FIRMIORES. * Stem white, cortina of the same colour. 106. 0. subferrugineus Fr.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) , ferruginous or watery cinnamon, more or less hygrophan- ous, when dry sometimes shining and tawny, sometimes becom- ing pale, unequally fleshy, abruptly more compact at the disc, convex then expanded, obtuse, here and there flexuous, firm but not rigid, even, smooth ; flesh scissile, dingy, isabelline-white. Stem variable in stature, commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, more or less bulbous, attenuated upwards, adpressedly fibrillose, externally rigid and somewhat cartilagin- ous, pallid, internally soft, saffron - yellow at the base. Veil entirely fibrillose and marginal only, not sheathing, very fuga- cious. Gills remarkably emarginate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, more or less crowded, opaque, at first pallid, soon watery then dark ferruginous. Among heaped rotting pine-leaves the stem is stout, very inflated, spongy. Odour that of the Inolomata, taste unpleasant. There are many forms definite as to colour, but scarcely to be defined by description. It differs from C. ar- meniacus in the opaque colour, in the fleshy obtuse pileus, in the stem not being elastic, in the veil not collapsing. &c., and from C. bivelus in the simple veil, the smooth and hygrophanous pileus (watery ferruginous when moist, becoming tan-ferruginous when dry), &c. In woods. Coed Coch. Sept. , rust-colour. Somewhat ferruginous. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 93. Hym. Eur. p. 387. B. & Br. n. 1275. Quel. t. H3-/. 6. Ag. Batschf. 186 (not good). 107. C. armeniacus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, tawny-cinnamon when moist, ochraceous when dry, rigid, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex and flattened, broadly and ob- tusely umbonate, even, smooth, not viscid, here and there slightly striate at the margin; flesh somewhat of the same colour, scissile. Stem commonly 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) thick, stuffed, conico-attenuated, fibrillose, white, externally rigid and CORTINARIUS. 53 somewhat cartilaginous, internally spongy, hence elastic, wholly Hygrocybe. white. Cortina simple, white, somewhat sheathing, collapsing and commonly leaving an adpressed (not annular) zone on the stem. Gills adnate, at length slightly rounded, always crowded, rather broad, at first pallidly then tawny cinnamon, shining. Handsomest in pine woods. Firm, bright, changeable. Pileus soon destitute of white fibrils. There is a remarkable variety (falsarius) in which the pileus is paler, light yellowish, white when dry. On heaped rotting leaves in moist places the stem becomes very much swollen, among damp mosses it is longer and more slender. In pine woods. Uncommon. Oct. Spores ellipsoid, nucleate, 4-5x2-2% mk. C.B.P. Name — from likeness in colour to Apricot (Primus Armeniaca). Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 94. Hym. Eur. p. 387. Berk. Out. p. 193. C. Hbk. n. 535. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 497. Ag. Schceff. t. 81. 108. C. privignus Fr.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, the ground colour fuscous, but becoming hoary-pale with a very thin white film, pallid-tan when dry, slightly and unequally fleshy, convex then flattened (even reflexed and undulated), obtusely umbonate, without striae, dry, but remarkably hygrophanous ; flesh hygrophanous. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, sometimes attenuated from the base, sometimes equal, most frequently twisted, silvery-pale, here and there white-silky with the veil. Gills adnate, broad, not crowded, distinct, at first watery, then opaque cinnamon, serrated and \vhite-fimbriate at the edge when perfect. Very fragile, strong smelling, but scarcely acrid. The most remarkable of the group. In pine woods. Woolhope Foray, 1885. Oct. Spores pruniform, punctate, 8 mk. Q. Name—flrivigmes, a step-son. Re- lation not apparent, but the plant being fragile occupies a singular position in the group. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 95. Hym. Eur. p. 388. Grevillea, vol. xiv. p. 38. 109. C. duracinus Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, when moist watery brick-colour, tan when dry, always opaque, fleshy, plane with a broad obtuse umbo, and with a singular elevated ridge round the margin caused by the margin being at first sharply and regularly bent inwards to the breadth of half a line, at which stage it is clothed with white silkiness, and afterwards becoming flattened, when it is naked and even ; cuticle hard, rigid, fragile. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) thick, solid, hard, somewhat bulbous but rooted at the attenuated stem-like base, externally even, smooth, and rigid, with a thick cartilaginous rigid separable cuticle (the fragments of 54 AGARICINI. Hygrocybe. which when it breaks up become revolute), pale-white. Cortina appearing only as a silky narrow white zone round the very mar- gin of the pileus. Gills adnate, moderately crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, watery cinnamon, even at the sides. No trace of a fibrillose cortina has been observed in any stage of its growth. In pine woods the stem is not bulbous, but attenuated downwards. In old pastures beside stumps. Dun, 1876. Scone, 1877. Oct. Name — durus, hard ; acinus, berry. Hard. From the coating of the pileus and stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 96. Hym. Eur. p. 388. B. & Br. n. 1776. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 498. Quel. Grev. t. 115. f. i. — Sch&ff. t. 221. 110. C. dilutus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at first bay-brown, even watery brick-colour, tan when dry, in either state opaque, somewhat fleshy, convex then expanded, umbonate (umbo thin, vanishing), smooth when the veil is rubbed off. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, slightly attenuated from the base, externally not cartilaginous - polished, white - silky, then becoming smooth, opaque, whitish. Gills deeply emarginate, very ventricose, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, crowded, pale cinnamon, not shining. Inodorous. Veil white, often collapsing into spots on the stem or forming spurious zones, and on the pileus forming a white-silky zone round the mar- gin. Wholly soft and fragile, and thus readily distinguished from the much more robust C. armeniacus with which it agrees in colours, so that it was formerly taken for a thinner form of that species. In woods. Rare. Not recorded since the time of Bolton. Name — dilutus, diluted, watery. Of the colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 98. Hym. Eur. p. 389. Berk. Out. p. 194. C. Hbk. n. 536. Grevillea, t. 85. /. 2. -var. Ag. Bolt. t. 10. ** Stem and gills commonly inclining to violet. 111. C. saturninus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) even 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, dark bay-brown somewhat umber when damp, soon becoming pale, brick-colour, changing colour very much, unequally fleshy, campanulate when young, then ex- panded, obtuse, even, smooth (or when young superficially silky round the margin with the veil) ; flesh violaceous then whitish, thin at the circumference. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (Yz-\ in.) thick, occasionally shorter and bulboso-ventricose, firm, stuffed, internally spongy, thickened downwards, fibrillose, deep violet, but becoming white. Cortina inferior, abundant, white. Gills rounded-adfixed, very broad (8 mm., 4 lin.), crowded, thin, fragile, purplish when young, at length watery ferruginous. CORTINARIUS. 55 Somewhat crespitose. It varies in stature, sometimes much smaller. Cor- Hygrocyle. tina remarkably fibrillose, lax, not forming a zone. Manifestly allied to C. armeniacus ; they might be easily confounded when this is old and changed in colour. In grassy places. Woolhope Foray, 1885. Oct. Name — saturnine, gloomy. Of the dark colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 99. Hym. Eur. p. 390. Grevillea, "vol. xiv. p. 39. 112. C. imbutus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, toast-brown then pale yellowish, somewhat unequally fleshy, convex, obtuse, even, smooth, obsoletely hoary- fibrillose towards the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3*in.) long, not 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, equal, sometimes twisted, becoming even, scarcely fibrillose, whitish, pale violaceous at the apex, of the same colour internally. Cor- tina white, adhering to the margin of the pileus and to the apex of the stem, fugacious. Gills rounded, somewhat distant, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, with narrower and shorter ones intermixed, at the first dark bluish-grey or violaceous- cinereous, never purplish, then watery cinnamon. Flesh dingy, manifestly violaceous only at the apex of the stem. It ap- proaches C. subferrugineus in the same way as C. saturninus approaches C. armeniacus. In woods. Dinmore. Name — imbuo, to soak, stain. Perhaps from the dyed flesh. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 100. Hym. Eur. p. 390. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 109. 113. C. castaneus Fr. — Pileus fuscous-chestnut, scarcely becom- ing pale when dry, but shining, umbo becoming black, paler at the circumference, slightly fleshy, but firm, almost pliant, cam- panulate then flattened, not or only obtusely umbonate, often irregular, even, smooth. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, somewhat fistulose (when young also stuffed), tough, externally cartilaginous, slightly fibrillose with the veil, otherwise smooth, even, somewhat equal, pallid violaceous or pal- lid rufescent, unchangeable when dry. Cortina entirely fibrillose, scanty, white. Gills adnate, but varying emarginate, crowded, thin, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, edge whitish, violaceous then fer- ruginous. Gregarious, even caespitose, polymorphous, always very small. The pileus is often obsoletely white-silky round the margin with the cortina. Spores dark ferruginous. In woods, £c. Common. July- Oct. Odour none ; taste like Marasmius oreades. M.J.B. Name — castaneus, chestnut. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 101. Hym. Eur. p. 391. Berk. Out. p. 194. C. Hbk. n. 537. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 499. Ag. Bull. t. 268. 56 AGARICINI. Hygrocybe. *** Stem and somewhat obsolete veil yellow or rufous. 114. C. coins Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, brown- rufescent, brick-colour paler and shining when dry, somewhat fleshy, small in comparison with the tall stem, campanulate when young, then convex, obtusely umbonate or wholly obtuse, well- formed ; flesh of the same colour, dingy whitish when dry. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick below, only 4 mm. (2 lin.) at the apex, stuffed, almost solid, eqtially attenuated up- wards, encircled with the blood-red mycelium at the base, which is sometimes rooted, stiff, naked, not cartilaginous but remarka- bly Jibrillose longitudinally and throughout, scissile, tense and straight, coloured with fibrils of the same colour as the pileus, but paler than the pileus. Cortina entirely fibrillose, tawny-reddish. Gills adnate, scarcely sinuate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, plane, firm, tough, rather thick, scarcely crowded, veined, dark cinnamon, paler when young. Spores ochrey-cinnamon. Mycelium fiery-saffron-yellow. Hym. Eur. In woods. Blaize Castle, Bristol. Oct. Spores pruniform, 8-9 ink. Q. Name — colus, a distaff. From the remark- ably fibrillose stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 102. Hym. Eur. p. 391. Bucknall, Fung. Bristol, pt. vii. p. 3. 115. C. renidens Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, fer- ruginous-tawny when damp, ochraceous when dry, here and there becoming pale only at the disc, slightly fleshy, firm, convexo- plane, obtuse or gibbous, very smooth, shining j flesh thin, scissile, paler. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (i)4~3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, firm, stuffed, exactly equal, externally somewhat cartilagi- nous, wholly dissolvable however into fibrils, of the same colour as the pileus, yellowish-pale, then tawny. Cortina laxly fibrillose, fugacious, yellow. Gills adnate, but also separating-free, some- what crowded, entire, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, at first pallid cinnamon then tawny. Spores dark ochraceous. Odour weak, by no means that of radish. Re- markably hygrophanous. Its nature is that of C. armeniacus, but it is smaller, and is readily distinguished by its brighter colour, and especially by the yellow cortina. The pileus is sometimes umbilicate from the hollow apex of the stem. In shady woods. Highbeach, Epping. Name — renideo, to shine back. Glistening. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 103. Hym. Eur. p. 392. Icon. t. 162. f. i. Grcz'illea, vol. xi. p. 70. — Paul. t. 54. f. i, 2? CORTINARIUS. 57 **** Stem inclining to fuscous, &>c. 116. C. uraceus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, when moist umber or brown, sometimes inclining to olive, somewhat shining, when dry (when young brick-colour) commonly tan or isabelline, slightly fleshy, conical then campanulate, then expanded and umbonate or obtuse, when moist even, smooth, when dry at length somewhat fibrillose ; flesh fuscous, darker in the stem. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, slightly tubular, stuffed then hollow, cylindrical, exactly equal, ftrm,Jibril- loso-striate (the striae paler), but becoming even,fusc0us, naked and becoming pale at the apex, sometimes inclining to olive, at length becoming wholly fuscous-black, internally of the same colour. Cortina superior , fibrillose, fuscous, but rarely conspicuous. Gills adnate, ventricose, firm, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more broad, distant, cinnamon-brown, the edge sometimes quite entire and of the same colour, sometimes white and fimbriato-serrated. The slight margin of the pileus is incurved. There are variations which cannot be noted. In pine woods. Dinmore. Spores pruniform, granulated, 8-9 mk. Q. Name — vpa£. a mouse. Mouse- coloured. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 112. Hym. Eur. p. 393. Icon. t. 162. f. 3. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 77. 117. C. jubarinus Fr. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (ij4-3 in.) broad, splendidly tawny-cinnamon and shining, somewhat fleshy, cam- panulato- flattened, obsoletely umbonate, when larger and old depressed in the centre, often repand and undulated, at length reflexed, fragile, even and smooth at the disc, when young silky towards the margin with the veil, when old innately fibrillose under a lens. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, when larger 12 mm. ()4 in.), when smaller 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, at first stuffed, then hollow, fibrilloso-striate, externally and internally pale tawny, paler at the base and (naked) apex. Gills adnate, somewhat dis- tant, 2-6 mm. (1-3 lin.) broad, distinct, tawny-cinnamon^ the edge which is quite entire of the same colour. At first sight very like C. cinnamomeus, but differing in the fugacious, fibril- lose, white -veil. The pileus is not velvety-villous as in C. cinnamomeus. It may also be confounded with C. incisus on account of its colours, but it differs from that species in the surface being scarcely hygrophanous, always polished and entire, although the pileus is rimoso-incised at the margin. In woods. Coed Coch. Name— _/«for, radiance. Shining. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 105. Hvm. Eur. p. 393. B. & Br. n. 1883.— Bull. t. 431. /. i. 58 AGARICINI. Hygrocybe. II. — TENUIORES. * Stem white. 118. C. rigens Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~ 2 m-) ar>d more broad, opaque and tan-clay-colour when damp, tan-whitish when dry, fleshy, thin, when young campanulate and lax, then convex, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even, smooth ; flesh slightly firm, white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) thick, stuffed, furnished with a remarkably cartilaginous bark, elastic, rigid and tough, rooted, smooth, even, naked, pale when moist, white when dry. Cortina scarcely manifest. Gills adnate, some- what decurrent, distant, very broad (6-10 mm., 3-5 lin.), distinct, watery clay-colour, then pallid cinnamon. The stem varies much in stature, sometimes equal, thickened sometimes downwards sometimes towards the apex, which is then hollow, even fusiform. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Oct. Spores pruniform, granulated, 8-9 mk. Q. ; 7x5 mk. W.P. Name— rigeo, to be stiff. Stem rigid. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 107. Hym. Eur. p. 395. B. &" Br. n. 391. C. Hbk. n. 539. S. My col. Scot. n. 500. 119. C. Reedii Berk. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, persistently brown, conical then expanded and strongly umbonate, smooth, shining, disc areolate, margin splitting ; flesh pallid. Stem 4-5 cent. (i/4-2 in.) long, solid, fibrilloso-striate, slightly bulbous, white. Veil fibrillose, evanescent. Gills ascending, attenuated behind, free, broad, ventricose, white or pallid, then cinnamon. Tasteless and scentless. Allied to C. leucopus. Among moss and beech mast. Hayes, Surrey. May. Name — after Reed. Berk. Ottt. p. 194. C. Hbk. n. 538. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 395. Hussey ii. /. 45. 120. C. leucopus Fr. — Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, very pale yellow, tan when dry, somewhat fleshy, conical then expanded and umbonate, even, smooth, moist but not viscous. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, rather thick, equal or slightly attenuated upwards, soft, shining white, furnished with a cortina at the middle. Gills adnexed, separating, crowded, ventricose, thin, pallid then cinna- mon, the edge which is quite entire of the same colour. With the habit of C. pluvius, but not viscid. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. CORTINARIUS. 59 Name — \evic6<;, white ; TTOU'?, a foot. White-stemmed. Fr. Motiogr. ii. p. Hygrocybe. 108. Hym. Eur. p. 395. Berk. Out. p. 194. C. Hbk. n. 540. .$. Mycol. Scot. n. 501. Ag. Bull. t. 533. f. 2. 121. C. scandens Fr.— Pileus when moist at first tawny-ferru- ginotts, then honey-colour, tan when dry, umbo becoming tawny, somewhat meinbranaceous, slightly fleshy at the umbo, which is sometimes acute sometimes obtuse, conical when young, 12 mm. (/4 in.) broad, broader (2.5 cent., i in. and more) when flattened, smooth, slightly striate at the margin; flesh yellowish. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, thickened at the apex, always attenuated at the base, very thin, somewhat awl-shaped, _/fcrtt0z/.y, soft, even, yellowish, but at first sight, from the adpressed fibrils, and when dry shining whitish. Cortina thin, fibrillose, white. Gills adnate, thin, somewhat distant, narrow, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, attenuated in front, tawny- cinnamon, the edge which is quite entire of the same colour. The colour varies in intensity with the age of the plant. The umbo is some- times obsolete. The base of the stem is always white. Like C. obtusus. In pine wood. Forres. Oct. Name — scando, to climb. From the long-drawn wavy stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 108. Hym. Eur. p. 396. Icon. t. 163. f. i. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1883, p. 31. ** Stem inclining to violet or reddish. 122. C. erythrinus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent, (i-i^ inO broad, bay-brown-rufous\j\\e.n moist, becoming tawny when dry, slightly fleshy, conical then convex, regular, umbonate, the obtuse or obso- lete umbo darker, even, smooth ; flesh when moist somewhat of the same colour. Stem 4-7. 5 cent. (i/4~3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal, rarely thickened at the base, straight or ascending, smooth, but striate with the adpressed fibrils, shining, silvery-white, violaceous and often pruinate up- wards. Cortina superior, fibrillose, white. Gills slightly adnexed, thin, somewhat distant, ventricose, at first pallid, then pale cin- namon. In woods. Coed Coch. Oct. Name — epvfydj, red. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 109. Hym. Eur. p. 396. B. & Br. n. 1665. 123. C. decipiens Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, shining, not very hygrophanous, bay-brown, shining and brick-colour when dry, umbo always darker, fleshy-membrana- "eous, campanulato-expanded, acutely umbonate, at length de- pressed round the umbo, smooth, margin when full grown slightly 60 AGARICINI. Hygrocybe. striate and at length innately torn. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, then fistulose, exactly equal, sometimes tense and straight, sometimes flexuous, but the surface not undulated, fibrillose, pallid, pale rufescent or with brick- coloured spots, somewhat brick -colour internally, externally covered over with a pallid separable ctiticle. Cortina fibrillose, white, very fugacious. Gills adnate, more or less crowded, thin, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, brick-colour-ferruginous. It approaches C. castaneus. It belongs to this series though the stem does not incline to violet, but is only reddish-white. There is a remarkable variety with paler pileus, flexuous and smooth stem, and less crowded gills. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept. Name — decipio, to deceive. Beguiling, cheating. Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 109. Hym. Eur. p. 396. B. & Br. n. 1129. C. Hbk. n. 541. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 502. Hoffm. Ic. t. 9. f. 2. Grevillea, t. 114. f. 3. 124. C. germanus Fr.— Pileus almost 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, remarkably hygrophanous, fuscous when moist, clay-colour when dry, opaque, somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate when expanded, fragile, somewhat silky, but not torn into squamules and not striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, somewhat fistulose, equal, but often twisted, smooth, silvery-pale, somewhat lilac. Cortina fibrillose, fuga- cious. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, broad, watery cinnamon. Strong-smelling. In pine woods. Logic, Forfarshire. Oct. Name — germanus, full brother. Closely related to those next it. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 109. Hym. Eiir. p. 397. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 217. Quel. Grev. t. 114.^ 2. Stem yellowish, commonly becoming pale. 125. C. detonsus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 m-) broad, bright yellowish when moist, tan when dry, somewhat membranaceous, conical then expanded, somewhat umbonate, slightly silky then rather smooth, striate to the middle when moist, even and slightly silky when dry ; flesh thin, whitish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed then fistulose, equal or attenuated upwards, soft, smooth, pale, the yellowish colour deeply struck into the flesh. Gills adnate, ventricose, distinct, somewhat distant, quite entire, unicolorous, at first bright yellowish then brick-cinnamon. Fragile. The umbo is at first acute, gradually vanishing, sometimes darker. Stature almost that of C. decipiens. It occurs much larger with the stem yellowish-brick-colour. CORTINARIUS. 6 1 Among moss in woods. Glamis, 1875. Sept. Hygrocybe. Name — detondeo, to shear. Shaven, smooth. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. no. Hym. Eur. p. 397. B. &> Br. n. 1552. .S. AlycoL Scot. n. 503. 126. C. obtusus Fr.— Pileus 1-4 cent. (j£-iX in-) broad, at the first bay-brown-ferruginous, soon cinnamon, "when dry either (according to age) becoming pale-ochraceous or tan -'whitish, somewhat membranaceous, conical then campanulate, at length expanded and obtusely umbonate, smooth, striate at the margin. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, at first spongy-stuffed, soon hollow, comparatively thick, curved, flexuous (not undulated), attenuated at the base, fragile, sprinkled with adpressed white silky fibrils, otherwise rather smooth, tan-yellowish when moist, whitish when dry. Gills adnate, ventricose, somewhat distant, very broad, rather thick, the shorter ones narrower, connected by veins, tawny-cinnamon, white-fringed at the edge. Spores somewhat ochraceous. Gregarious. Strong-smelling. Cortina entirely fibrillose, whitish ; pileus when young here and there rendered hoary silky by the cortina, commonly smooth, but torn when dry. Umbo vanishing. It is very changeable in stature, but the colour is constant, though it changes so much with age and the state of the atmosphere that it requires long familiarity with the plant to enable one to distinguish individual specimens in different conditions. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Oct. Name — obtusus, obtuse. From the umbo. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. in. Hym. Eur. p. 397. Icon. t. 163. f. 3. B. &" Br. n. 1274. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 504. 127. C. acutus Fr. — Pileus honey-colour to very pale yellow and somewhat shining, tan or white when dry, with a silky appearance, somewhat membranaceous, conical then campanulate, then expanded, umbo acute and of the same colour, at length depressed round the umbo, striate when moist, obsoletely fibril- lose round the margin when young, smooth when full grown ; flesh very thin, of the same colour. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistnlose, slender, equal, flexuous, white-fibrillose, at length smooth, of the same colours as the pileus when moist and dry. Cortina adhering to the margin, fibrillose, white. Gills adnate, thin, crowded, more distant as the pileus becomes more expanded and sometimes free, lanceolate, ochraceous-cinnamon. Sometimes scattered, sometimes growing in troops. The habit is that of Galera, but remarkable for its acute umbo. In fir and mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores ellipsoid-oblong, nucleate, 8-9x3-4 mk. C.B.P. Name — acutus, acute. From the umbo. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 112. Hym. Eur. p. 398. Berk. 62 AGARICINI. Hygrocybe. Out. p. 195. C. Hbk. n. 542. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 505. Quel. Grev. t. 112. ' *#*# .sV^z inclining to fuscous. 128. C. Junghuhnii Fr.-Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, shining cinnamon when damp, tawny when dry, slightly fleshy at the disc, otherwise thin, convexo-plane, umbonate with a papilla, when damp striate to the middle, under a lens somewhat velvety with thin, sparse, white, persistent fibrils. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, externally pale brick-colour, internally darker, externally shining and ad- pressedly fuscous-fibrillose, quite equal or attenuated and whitish at the base. Veil obsolete, inclining to fuscous. Gills adnate, ventricose, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, thin, veined at the base, saffron- brick-colour. Odour none. In woods. King's Cliffe. Aug. Spores 8 mk. B. 6= Br. Name — after Junghuhn. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 113. Hym. Eur. p. 398. B. 6s Br. n. 1130. C. Hbk. n. 543. 129. C. milvinus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (lA-i in.) broad, olivaceous-fawn-colour, becoming hoary-tan and opaque when dry, membranaceous with exception of the disc, conical then convex, obtusely or obsoletely umbonate, when full grown striate to the middle and beautifully wreathed at the margin with white squamules, somewhat silky when dry; flesh very thin, of the same colour, not scissile. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, equal, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, somewhat fistulose, curved, but never flexu- ous, even, somewhat naked (not scaly), pallid fuscous, here and there with white silky spots. Veil obsolete, except in the form of the wreath encircling the margin of the pileus. Gills adnate, connected by veins, somewhat distant, very thin, scarcely ventri- cose, watery ferruginous, becoming olive. Scented. A marked species, growing in troops after heavy rain. In woods. Wrotham, Kent. Oct. Name — milvus, a kite. Of the colour of a kite's back. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 114. Hym. Eur. p. 399. B. 6* Br. n. 1553. Quel. Grev. t. 114. f. 6. 130. C. fasciatus Fr. — Pileus i cent. (ft in.) broad, somewhat membranaceous, conical then expanded, the acute umbo blackish, brick-colour at the circumference, smooth, slightly silky and becoming pale when dry. Stem sometimes 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, straight, sometimes elongated 7.5-10 cent. GOMPHIDIUS. (3-4 in.) and flexuous, fistulose, undulated on the surface, smooth, Hygrocyi not furnished with a cuticle but wholly fissile into fibrils, pallid fuscous, at length cinnamon-fuscous. Gills adnate, slightly ven- tricose, thin, but truly distant, distinct, 3 mm. (1% lin.) broad, cinnamon. Spores cinnamon. On account of its colours it is like C. Jlexipes, but in its whole nature it is nearest to C. acutus. In pine woods. Dinmore, &c. Sept.-Oct. Umbo very acute. M.J.B. Name—fascia, band; fillet. From the stem splitting into bundles of fibres. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 114. Hym. Eur. p. 399. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 78. B. & Br. n. 1884. Quel. Grev. t. 114. f. 5. >e GENUS VI. — Gomphidius (7°W°S, a wooden bolt or nail). Gomphidius. Fr. Epicr. p. 310. Hymenophore decurrent on the stem. Gills composed of a mucilaginous membrane, scissile, continuous at the acute edge, pruinate with the blackish fusiform spores. Veil viscoso-floccose. Grow- ing on the ground, fleshy, putrescent, pileus at length turbinate ; gills de- current, distant, soft. A small genus, with great differ- ences among the species, intermedi- ate by its habit between Cortinarius and Hygrophorus. Fr. Hym. Eur. P- 399- Universal veil glutinous, at first terminating on the stem in a floccose ring or fugacious cortina. The gills often admit of being detached and stretched out into a continuous . . . XL VI. Gomphidius mscidus. membrane. Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 149. One-fifth natural size. 1. G. glutinosus Fr.— Pileus 5-12. 5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad, purple-fuscous, often mottled with black spots, fleshy, convex, obtuse, at length plane, even depressed, even, smooth, very glutinous; flesh thick, about 12 mm. (}4 in.), soft, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, about 12 mm. (% in.) thick, solid, whitish, thickened and externally and internally yellow at the base, viscid with the veil, fibrillose or varying with black 64 AGARICINI. Gomphidius. scales. Cortina often woven in the form of a ring, but soon fugacious. Gills deeply decurrent, distant, distinct, branched, quite entire, mucilaginous, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, at first 'whitish, then cinereous, clouded with the spores. Trama none, wherefore the gills easily separate from the pileus. Taste watery, mouldy. Odour not marked. In woods, chiefly pine. Common. July-Nov. Spores oblong, uniguttate, 18-23 x 6-8 mk. K.; 16-17 x 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — gluten. Glutinous. Fr. Monogr. \\.p. 149. Hym. Eur.p. 399. Berk. Out. p. 196. C. Hbk. n. 579. S. My col. Scot. n. 506. Ag. Schceff. t. 36. Sow. t. 7. Fl. Dan. t. 1247. Letell. t. 547. Krombh. t. 62. f. 18-20. Corda ap. Sturm, xi. t. 51. Var. roseus. — Pileus rose-colour. Stem white, attenuated and rosy flesh-colour internally at the base. Very distinguished, constant, always smaller. Spores oblong, 20-22 x 6 mk. K. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 150. Hym. Eur. p. 400. C. Hbk. n. 579. S. My col. Scot. n. 506. Krombh. t. 63. f. 13-17. Saund. & Sm. t. 8. 2. G. viscidus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more broad, fuscous-rufous, compact, at first campanulate, then ex- panded, umbonate, slightly viscous, shining when dry; flesh yellowish. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more long, 12 mm. (l/z in.) thick, solid, equal or attenuated at the base which is rhubarb-coloured internally, scaly-fibrillose, not very viscous, yellowish. Cortina very evidently floccose, not glutinous, woven in the form of a ring, but readily falling off. Gills deeply de- current, distant, the shorter ones adnexed to the longer, not truly branched, at first paler, somewhat olive, at length fuscous- purple, clouded with the spores. Hymenophore descending between the gill plates. Odour not unpleasant. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. July-Oct. In Hym. Eur. Fries describes the gills as truly branched, while in Monogr. they are described as above. Name — viscidus, viscid. Spores 16-17 x 6 mk. W.G.S. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 150. Hym. Eur. p. 400. Berk. Out. p. 196. C. Hbk. n. 580. S. Mycol. Scot. ?;. 507. Ag. Linn. — Schceff. t. 55. Krombh. t. 4./". 5-7. Pers. Ic. dr° descr. t. 13. f. 1-3. 3. G. gracilis B. & Br. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, pale vinous brown, clothed with dingy fuliginous gluten, at length spotted with black. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. (i% lin.) thick, slender, flexuous, pale, sprinkled with minute white scales above, virgate below (with the remains of the slime), yellow at the base. Gills decurrent, arched, forked, thick, obtuse, of a watery dingy white. PAXILLUS. The gluten on the pileus dries especially round the margin into black spots, Gomphidius. or forms a narrow irregular black border. The gills are clothed under a lens with short tomentose hairs. Distinguished from other species by its slender, thin, and delicate habit. In fir woods. Frequent. July-Oct. Spores oblong, elliptic, 24x9 mk. with a nucleus at either end. B. &> Br. ; fusiform ellipsoid, 15 mk. Q. Name — gracilis, slender. B. & Br. n. 698. Berk. Out. p. 196. /. 12. f. 7. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 508. Fr. Hym. £u>: p. 400. G. stillatus C. Hbk. n. 581. GENUS VII. — Paxillus (paxillus, a small stake). Fr. Gen. Paxiiius. Hymenom. p. 8. Hymenophore continuous with the stem, decurrent. Gills membranaceous, scissile, somewhat branched and here and there anastomosing behind, distinct from tJie hymenophore and readily separ- ating from it. Spores dingy whitish or ferruginous. Fleshy, putrescent, pileus at first with the margin in- volute then continuously and gradu- ally unfolded and dilated, indeter- minate. A natural genus, but its extent is not yet properly determined. There are several species of Tricholoma and Clitocybe, which apparently ought to be transferred to it. It is analogous to Boletus in respect of its gills easily separating from the pileus, but to Polyporus in respect of its indefinite growth. Most of the species seem to be edible. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 400. It comprehends two typical sections which are manifestly dis- tinct, the one that which has P. lepista for its type, the other (Tapinia) that which has P. involutus tor its type. The former always grow on the ground, but the Tapinia^ occur both on the ground and on trunks ; the former have the pileus entire, the latter more or less dimidiate, or altogether lateral and sessile. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 115. Trib. I. LEPISTA (P. lepista}. Pileus entire, central. Spores dingy, only in P. panceolus with a tendency to ferruginous. Trib. II. TAPINIA (Tan-etvow, to depress). Pileus commonly excentric or resupinate. Spores ferruginous. VOL. II. E XL VII. Paxillus involutus. One-fourth natural size. 66 AGARICINI. I. — LEPISTA. 1. P. giganteus Fr. — Tan-white. Pileus fleshy, comparatively thin, depressed then piano- infundibuliform, soft, margin in- volute, then spreading, smooth, sulcate in the form of small channels. Stem solid, obese, smooth. Gills somewhat decurrent, very crowded, here and there branched and anastomosing, whitish then tan-colour. Large. The pileus is smooth when moist, flocculose or rivulose when dry, easily splitting from the margin to the stem. Hymenophore not horny. Very remarkable, very distinct from A. maxiimis. In meadows and woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Pileus 4-14 inches broad, fleshy, often splitting at the margin, broadly infundibuliform, the base of the funnel sunk into the stem with no trace of an umbo, dirty white with an ochraceous tinge, minutely adpresso-squamulose to the naked eye, sometimes guttate ; the whole surface under a lens clothed with a fine matted silkiness ; margin grooved, the grooves shallow. Gills close, forked, yellow-white, as broad as the flesh of the pileus. Stem 2^-3 inches high, nearly 2 thick at the base, firm, fleshy, elastic, quite solid, sub- bulbous, sometimes attenuated upwards, minutely but conspicuously pubes- cent, when bruised dirty rufescent. Odour strong like that of M. oreades. M.j.B. Name—giganteus, of gigantic size. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 401. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. 509. Ag. Sow. t. 244. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 118. Sv. at 1. Sv. t. 86. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 33. Out. p. no. Letell. t. 682. Quel. t. 3.7. 3. A. maximus C. Hbk. n. 95. 2. P. lepista Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more broad, dingy whitish, sometimes (young) compactly fleshy, sometimes (full grown) thin, piano-depressed, obtuse, without strics, but rimuloso-squamulose towards the circumference, dry, the involute margin commonly undulato-flexuous ; flesh white. Stem some- times curt, 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more, attenuated downwards, sometimes elongated to 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.), equal, always blunt at the base, about 12 mm. (% in.) thick and more, solid, compact, spongy-elastic, and at length pierced by larvas and hollow, whit- ish, sometimes rufescent or inclining to fuscous, white-villous at the base. Gills deeply decurrent, somewhat branched but simple at the base, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, very crowded, quite entire, dingy white, at length darker. The cuticle of the stem is somewhat horny, continuous with the hymenophore and similar to it. Solitary and sporadic, very changeable. Odour mealy, somewhat rancid, approaching that of A. prunulus, to which it is somewhat allied. In woods. Slough. Spores reddish, then becoming fuscous-pallid. Fr. Name — lepista, a pan. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 116. Hym. Eur. p. 402. Icon. t. 164. /. i. B. &> Br. n. 1554. Ag. Sterb. t. 19. C. PAXILLUS. 67 3. P. paradoxus Berk. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, deep Paxiiius. rufous-umber or yellowish-brown, fleshy, compact, in some cases subexcentric, convex or pulvinate then plane, scarcely depressed, often lobed and sinuate at the margin, dry, adpressedly tomen- tose, not shining. Stem 4 cent. (i)4 in.) and more long, YO~YO in- thick and when bulbous thicker, solid, bulbous or attenuated at the base, fusiform, somewhat rooted, adpressedly fibrillose, other- wise even and smooth, the cuticle most frequently breaking up into squarrosely revolute flaps, yellow, sometimes with a dingy pur- plish tinge. Gills truly decurrent, distant, the alternate ones broader, ^-^ in., entire at the edge, connected by veins at the base and in some cases anastomosing to form pores towards the margin, yellow then golden, reddish when bruised. Stem variable in stature. No trace of a veil. Flesh soft, juicy, dingy white, slightly rufous under the cuticle of the pileus, becoming yellow at the base of the stem. Taste and odour scarcely any. In woods. Wrekin, Salop, 1875. Sept. Spores ovate, oblong, of medium size, lurid ochraceous. Kalchb. 16-17 x 6 mk. , with a nucleus at each end. W.P. Name — napdSo^ov, contrary to expec- tation or rule. From its having features contrary to normal Agaricus, under which Kalchbrenner placed it. Berk. Ag. Kalchb. Fung. Hung. t. i6._/~. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 244. Grevillea, vol. iv. p. 118. 4. P. panseolus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 in.) broad, whitish, fleshy, thin, convexo- plane then somewhat depressed, even, smooth, moist, the thin margin involute; flesh becoming black. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, stuffed, striato-fibrillose, rufescent, thickened downwards. Gills slightly decurrent, crowded, narrow, at length watery-ferruginous. The whole plant is at first whitish, then the stem is rufescent, and the gills in the end become cinnamon. The gills are separated from the hymenophore by a horny line, and readily separate from the pileus. Spores watery ferrugi- nous, in which it approaches the Tapiniae. * spilomseolus. — Pileus spotted as with drops, and, as well as the slender stem, yellowish-white. Gills at length watery ferru- ginous, horny-grey at the base. Among fir-leaves. Stoke Poges. The spotted pileus and dingy spores at once distinguish it from any Tricho- loma with which it might be confounded. The stem is sometimes incrassated at the base, sometimes quite equal. B. & Br. The var. only is British. Name — TravaioAos, all-variegated. Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 117, 310. Hym. Eur. p. 402. B. & Br. 11. 1666. Hoffm. Ic. t. io./. i. 68 AGARICINI. Paxiiius. II. — TAPINIA. 5. P. involutus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, ochrey-ferruginous, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane then depressed, for the most part central, at the first pubescent, soon becom- ing smooth, somewhat viscid when moist, shining when dry, obtuse and villous round the margin which is at first closely involute, when more fully grown extenuated and acute ; flesh compact, pallid. Stem 5-7. 5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (%-i in.) thick, fleshy, solid, firm, thickened upwards, more rarely at the same time bulbous at the base, naked, dingy yellowish, commonly spotted. Gills decurrent, rather broad, branched and forming pores behind, when young arcuate, crowded, pallid, at once spotted when touched, at length extended, ferruginous. Commonly large, obese, readily distinguished by the pileus being villous round the very involute margin, by the gills anastomosing and forming pores at the base and being dingy-spotted when touched, Pileus more rarely excen- tric, darker in colour in wet, and paler in dry weather. It varies lobed and scaly. In woods. Very common. June-Nov. Edible ; highly esteemed in Russia. Spores ferruginous, Fr. ; ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 8-16x6 mk. K.; 5x6 mk. W.G.S. Name—invotuttts, rolled inwards. From the involute pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 118. Hym. Eur. p. 403. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 75. Berk, Out. p. 195. /. 12. f. 5. C. Hbk. n. 547. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 510. Hoffm. Ic. t. 10. f. 2. Ag. Batschf. 61. Ventur. t. 42. /. 6, 7. Schceff. t. 72. Bull. t. 240, 576. f. 2. — Klotsch. Bar. t. 391. 6. P. leptopus Fr. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX~3 in-) broad, fus- cous-yellowish, always excentric or lateral, at length depressed but gibbous in the middle, fleshy, thin, dry, covered with dense down, soon torn up into dense villous scales, which are fuscous or yellowish ; flesh yellow. Stem very short, scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.), somewhat incurved, attenuated downwards, yellow within. Gills simple behind, decurrent but not anastomosing, tense and straight, crowded, very narrow, yellowish, then darker, but not spotted when touched. Changeable in stature and form. A remarkable species, with the habit of P. involutus, from which it is readily distinguished by having the gills simple (not anastomosing) at the base. On the ground about stumps, &c. Forres. Glen Tilt. Ken- more. Aug. Name— XCTTTO?, thin ; TTOV?, a foot. Thin-stemmed. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 403. Icon. t. 164. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 1666*. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 511. A. filamen- tosus Fr. Monogr. ii. 118, 311. B. & Br. n. 1276. 7. P. atrotomentosus Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) and more PAXILLUS. 69 broad, ferruginous, compactly fleshy, excentric, plano-infundibuli- Pa.xillus. form and sometimes wholly lateral and ascending, dry, rivuloso- granular on the surface, sometimes also slightly tomentose, the thin margin involute ; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (>2-i in.) thick, solid, elastic, somewhat equal, not tuberous, curved-ascending, rooting, covered over with dense, soft velvety down, which is umber-blackish or inclining to violaceous. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, branched at the base, somewhat anastomosing, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, yellowish, easily separating from the sulcate hymenophore. Commonly solitary. Robust, firm, often very large. The pileus is variable in form. The gills do not form pores like those of P. involutus. Sometimes lateral, but marginate behind. On pine-stumps. Rare. Aug.-Nov. Spores somewhat clay-colour, paler than those of P. involutus. Fr. ; ellip- soid-spheroid, subhyaline, 4-6 x 3-4 mk. K. Name— ater, black ; tomentum, down. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 119. Hym. Eur. p. 403. Berk. Out. p. 195. C. Hbk. n. 548. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 512. Ag. Batsch f. 32. Paul. t. 33. /. 2, 3. Nees.f. 175. 8. P. panuoides Fr. Wholly dingy yellow. — Pileus about 4 cent. (i% in.) long, fleshy, sessile or extended behind and at the first resupinate, soon conchate dimidiate and obovate, at length broadly expanded undulato-lobed and often imbricated, surface pubescent then becoming smooth, somewhat rivulose; flesh equal but thin. Gills decurrent to the base, anastomosing behind, branched, crowded, crisped, yellow. Very variable in size and changeable in form. On sawdust, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 4-6x3-4 mk. K. ; 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — Panus ; etSos, appearance. Panus-like. Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 120. Hym. Eur. p. 404. Berk. Out. p. 196. /. 12. /. 6. C. Hbk. n. 549. .S. Mycol. Scot. n. 513. Merulius Sow. t. 403. 9. P. fagi B. & Br. — Crisped, pallid upwards, orange beneath. Gills crisped, orange. Remarkably gregarious. Forming a wide crisped mass of great beauty, very different in appearance from P. panuoides, which is confined to fir or sawdust. On a beech-stump. Coed Coch. Name— -fagus, beech. B. & Br. n. 1961. AGARICINI. Hygro- phorus. XL VIII. Hygrophoruspratensis, One-third natural size. GENUS VIII. — Hygrophorus (i>yp6s, moist; €>&>, to bear). Fr. Gen. Hymen. Hymenophore continuous with the stem and descending un- changed as a trama into the gills. Gills acute at the edge, clothed with the hymenium which turns into a waxy mass, and not membranaceous. Spores globose, white. Growing on the ground, pii- trescent; pileus viscid or watery, gills often branched. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 405. This genus differs from the central one of Agaricus in the manifest trama, the substance of which is similar to that of the pileus; from Lactarius and Russula by the trama not being vesicular, but somewhat floccose with granules intermixed ; from Cantliarellus, its nearest ally, by the sharp edge of the gills. The Cortinarii, Paxilli, and Gomphidii are at once distinguished from it by their coloured spores and the changing colour of their gills, as well as by other marks. From all the other genera of Agaricini it is distinguished by a mark peculiar to itself — viz., by the hymeneal stratum of the gills changing into a waxy mass, which is at length removable from the trama. This altogether singular character is specially remarkable in H. caprinus, coccineus, murinaceus, &c. Hence the gills seem full of watery juice, but they do not become milky like those of the Lac tar ii. Monogr. \\. p. 121. I. LlMAClUM (Umax, a slug ; slimy). Fr. Syst. Myc. p. 31. Universal veil viscid, with occasionally a floccose partial one, which is annular or mar- ginal. Stem clothed with scales, or more frequently rough with dots above. Gills adnato-decurrent. * White or yelloivish white. ** Reddish. *** Tawny or light yellow. **** Olivaceous-umber. ***** Fuscous-cinereous or livid. II. CAMAKOPHYLLUS (/cajixapa, a vault; <£v'AAoj/, a leaf; from the shape of the gills). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 98. Veil none. Stem even, smooth or ribril- lose, and not rough with dots. Pileus firm, opaque, moist in rainy weather, not viscous. Gills distant, arcuate. * Gills deeply and at length obconically decurrent. ** Gills ventricose, simiato-arcuate, or piano -adnate. HYGROPHORUS. 7 I III. HYGROCYBE (%>o?, moist; KV^, a head). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 101. Hygro- Veil none. Whole fungus thin, watery succulent, fragile. Pileus viscid phorus. when moist, when dry shining, rarely floccoso-scaly. Stem hollow, soft, not punctate. Gills soft. Most of the species brightly coloured and shining. This group presents the type of the genus, and clearly differs from the A gar id; from the rest of the Hygrophori it might easily be separated as a genus by itself. h Gills decurrent. ' Gills adnexed, somewhat separating. I. — LlMACIUM. * White or yellowish white. 1. H. chrysodon Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, white, shining when dry, but commonly yellowish with minute adpressed squamules at the disc, light yt\\Q\\-flocc2tlose at the involute mar- gin, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, viscid; flesh white, some- times reddish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 12 mm. (Yz in.) thick, stuffed, soft, somewhat equal (sometimes, however, irregularly shaped or thickened at the base), white, with minute light yellow squaitniles, which are more crowded and arranged in the form of a ring towards the apex. Gills decurrent, distant, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, thin, white, somewhat yellowish at the edge, sometimes crisped. Odour not unpleasant. There is a manifest veil, not woven into a continu- ous ring, but collected in the form of floccose sqiiamides at the apex of the stem and the margin of the pileus. Var. leucodon with white squamules. In woods. Rare. Name— xpvcros, gold ; oSou's, a tooth. From the yellow tooth-like squamules. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 123. Hym. Eur. p. 405. Berk. Out. p. 197. C. Hbk. n. 550. Ag. Batsch f. 212. Gonn. & Rab. viii.-ix. /. io._/~. i. Var. with shin- ing white pubescence B. & Br. n. 1356*. 2. H. eburneus Fr. Wholly shining white. — Pileus fleshy, sometimes thin, sometimes somewhat compact, convexo-plane, somewhat repand, even, very glutinous in rainy weather, margin soon naked. Stem sometimes short, sometimes elongated, stuffed then hollow, unequal, glutinous like the pileus, rough at the apex with dots in the form of squamules. Gills decurrent, distant, veined at the base, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, tense and straight, quite entire. Odour mild, not unpleasant. Very changeable. The veil is absent, unless the very plentiful gluten which envelops the stem be regarded as a universal veil ; margin of the young pileus involute, only at the first pubescent, soon naked. The stem is soft internally, at length hollow, attenuated towards the base. In woods and pastures. Frequent. Sept. -Oct. 72 AGARICINI. Hygro- Edible. Spores subsphseroid, irregular, 5-6 mk. K. 74x5 mk. W.G.S.; phorus. subellipsoid, 6x4 mk. C.B.P. Name — ebur, ivory. Ivory-white. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 123. Hym. Eur. p. 406. Berk. Out. p. 197. t. 15. /. 4. C. Hbk. n. 551. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 514. Gonn. &• Rab. t. u. f. 5. Ag. Bull. t. 551. f. 2. Viv. t. 17. Schceff. t. 39. Krombh. t. 61. /. 11-14. Buxb. iv. ^. 30. /". 2. 3. H. cossus Fr. — Pileus 4 cent. (ij£ in.) broad, yellowish- white, disc somewhat ochraceous, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, glutinous, shining when dry, margin naked; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, varying elongated, 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) thick, varying thin, stuffed, soft, somewhat equal, furfuraceous and rough with dotted points upwards, white or becoming tinged with yellow. Gills adnate, decurrent, distant, connected by veins, firm, white. Veil none. It differs from H. eburneus in the pileus being yellowish, in the margin being at the first naked, and especially in its unpleasant odour of goat- moth. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Name — from its odour of goat-moth (Phalcena cossi}. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 124. Hym. Eur. p. 406. Berk. Out. p. 197. C. Hbk. n. 552. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 516. Ag. Sow. t. 121. 4. H. penarius Fr.— Pileus tan-colour, opaque, fleshy especially when young, at first umbonate, then very obtuse, hemispherical then flattened, even, smooth, commonly dry, margin at first in- volute, exceeding the gills, undulated when flattened ; flesh thick, hard, whitish, unchangeable. Stem curt, 4 cent, (i^ in-) or more long, about 12 mm. (% in.) thick at the apex, solid", compact, hard, attenuated at the base into a fusiform root, ventricose to the neck, again attenuated upwards or wholly fusiform-attenuated, pale- white, smeared with tenacious easily dried slime, scabrous; flesh firm, but externally more rigid, cuticle somewhat fragile. Veil not conspicuous. Gills adnato-decurrent, acute behind, distant, thick, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, veined, tan inclining to pale. Odour pleasant, taste sweet. The fusiform root is as long as the stem. In mixed woods. Stoke Poges. Edible. Name — penus, food. For food. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 124. Hym. Eur. p. 406. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 48. B. & Br. n. 1778. Ag. Schce/. t. 238. Sow. t. 71. 5. H. pulverulentus B. & Br. — Pileus about 8 mm. (l/3 in.) broad, shining white, pulvinate, viscous, the involute margin tomentose. Stem 18 mm. (tf in.) 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, nearly equal, attenuated at the very base, wholly powdered HYGROPHORUS. 73 with rose-coloured meal. Gills decurrent, thick, obtuse at the Hygro- edge, whitish. phorus- Allied to H. eburneus, but the rose-coloured meal with which the stem is covered separates it from all other species. Among pine-leaves. Glamis, 1876. Nov. A small but very beautiful species. Name— pulvis, dust ; pulverulent. B. &» Br. n. 1667. 5. Mycol. Scot. ?t. 515. ** Reddish. 6. H. erubescens Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) and more broad, white becoming everywhere red, fleshy, gibbous then convexo-plane, viscid, adpressedly dotted with squamules or be. coming smooth, sometimes wholly compact, sometimes thin towards the margin whicli is at the first naked j flesh firm, white. Stem sometimes short, robust, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick and attenuated upwards, sometimes elon- gated, 10 cent. (4 in.) long, equal or attenuated at the base, solid, flexuous, with red fibrils, dotted with red upwards. Gills decurrent, distant, soft, white, with red spots. Veil none. The ground colour is white, as it is also internally, but it every- where becomes red and the pileus often rosy-blood-colour. Handsome, grow- ing in troops, commonly forming large lax circles. In pine woods. Hereford. Spores ellipsoid, very obtuse at both ends, 8-10x4-5 mk. K. Name— erubesco, to become red. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 125. Hym. Eur. p. 407. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 65. Quel. t. n. f. i. Grevillea, -vol. vi. p. 71. Ag. Kalchbr. Ic. t. i8./. 2. 7. H. glutinifer Fr. — Pileus rufescent, whitish round the margin, fleshy, convexo-expanded, thin with exception of the disc which is at length broadly gibbous, with a glutinous pel- licle, disc wrinkled-dotted. Stem stuffed, somewhat elastic, ven- tricose downwards, with a viscous veil, of the same colour as the pileus, white-squamulose at the apex. Gills arcuato-decur- rent, rather thick, shining white. Gregarious, mild, variable in stature. In woods. Penzance. Fries considers it different from A. aromaticus Sow. t. 144. Berkeley (B. &•" Br. n. 2019) thinks it is probably the same. Name — gluten, fero, to carry. Gluten-bearing. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 407. Epicr. p. 322. B. & Br. n. 2019. Ag. Bull. t. 258, 539. f. B. *** Tawny or light-yellow. 8. H. arbustivus Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, slightly tawny-brick-colour, paler round the margin, opaque, fleshy, con- 74 AGARICINI. Hygro- vexo-plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, viscid, streaked with innate phorus. fibrils, but wholly smooth, even. Stem 4 cent. (i% in.) long, 12 mm. ()4 in.) thick, solid, equal, incurved, with white mealy granules at the apex, smooth at the base, pale white, externally more rigid and polished, internally somewhat spongy, hence elastic. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, distant, thick, white. Odour and taste not unpleasant. It differs from all neighbouring species in the mealy free (not innate) white granules at the apex of the stem. In structure it is nearest to H. pratensis. In woods. Colleyweston, &c. Dec. Perhaps edible. Nsane—arfastum; a plantation. Found under trees. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 126. Hym. Eur. p. 408. B. & Br. n. 932, 1013. C. Hbk. n. 556. 9. H. discoideus Pers. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in-) broad, pale yellowish inclining to pale, the disc always darker somewhat fer- ruginous, slightly fleshy with exception of the firmer disc, on its first appearance campanulato-convex, margin inflexed, then rather plane and somewhat obtuse, and at length depressed at the disc, even, smooth, very glutinous; flesh of the same colour as the gills. Stem 4-5 cent. (i}4-2 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal or attenuated upwards, very soft (texture fibrous, separable), Jlocculose, viscid, pale-white, with white dots at the apex. Veil entirely glutinous, rarely terminating somewhat in the form of a ring on the stem. Gills at first adnate, somewhat crowded, then decurrent, distant, moderately thin, soft, pale, yellowish-white. Gregarious, here and there forming rings. In later autumn it occurs with the pileus clay-coloured, disc ferruginous, stem elongated, at length hollow. In grassy places. Laxton Park, Norths. Oct. Stem dotted all over with viscid granules. B. &•= Br. Spores ellipsoid- sphaeroid, 5-6x4-5 mk. K. Name— SMTKOS, elSos. Disc-shaped. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 127. Hym. Eur. p. 408. B. &" Br. n. 1558. Ag. Pers. — Gonn. & Rab. viii.-ix. t. lof. 4. •*#** Olivaceous-umber. 10. H. limacinus Fr. — Pileus 4-6 cent. (il/,-2% in.) broad, disc umber then fuliginous, paler round the margin, fleshy, con- vex then flattened, obtuse, smooth, viscid ; flesh rather firm, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (y2 in.) thick, solid, firm, ventricose, viscous, flocculose, fibrilloso-striate, roughened with squamules at the apex. Gills adnate then decurrent, somewhat distant, thin, white incli?iing to cinereous. Veil entirely viscous, not floccose. Intermediate between H. olivaceo-albus HYGROPHORUS. 75 and H. agathosmus, differing from the former in the stem being squamulose at Hygro- the apex, and from the latter in the manifest veil being cortinate. phoms. In woods among damp leaves. St Leonards. Oct. Name — Umax, a slug ; slimy. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 129. Hym. Eur. p. 409. B. & Br. 7i. 1277. Saund. err5 Sm. t. 28. Ag. Scop. 11. H. olivaceo-albus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (:~2 inO broad, olivaceous-fuscous, becoming pale, especially towards the margin, which is at the first naked, fleshy, at first acorn-shaped, then expanded, umbonate, and at length depressed round the umbo, wholly even, smooth, glutinous; flesh thin, white. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, equal or attenuated at the very \>2JS>e,squaimdose and spotted with the fuscous veil, which is in the form of an adnate sheath, viscid, but the ground colour is white ; veil terminating near the apex in the form of a ring above which the stem is even, shining white. Gills decurrent, distant, broad, simple, connected by veins at the base, always shining white. Margin somewhat striate when old. Scattered throughout the summer in rainy weather, not enduring cold, and hence very different in its nature from H. hypothejus, which is allied. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Spores 4x7 mk. W.G.S. Name — from the olivaceous pileus and white gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 128. Hym. Enr. p. 410. Berk. Out. p. 198. C. Hbk. n. 558. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 517. Ag. Brig. t. 5. f. 1-3. 12. H. hypothejus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, at first smeared with olivaceous gluten, cinereous, when the gluten disappears, becoming pale and yellowish, orange or rarely (when rotting) rufescent, fleshy, thin, convex then depressed, obtuse, even, somewhat streaked ; flesh thin, white then becoming light yellow. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) and more thick, stuffed, equal, even, viscous, but rarely spotted with the veil, at length hollow. Partial veil floccose, at the first cortinate and annular, soon fugacious. Gills decurrent, distant, distinct, at first pallid (even whitish), soon yellow, sometimes flesh-colour. Very protean, changeable in colour and variable in size. Stem not scabrous. There is no trace of the veil when the plant is full grown. Appearing after the first cold autumn nights, and lasting even till snow. In pine woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores subellipsoid, 8-9x4-5 mk. K.; 12x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — vn6 • 0etov, sulphur. From the sulphur-colour under the gluten. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 128. Hym. Eur. p. 410. Berk. Out. p. 198. C. Hbk. n. 557. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 518. Ag. Krombh. t. 72. f. 24, 25. Gonn. fir" Rab. t. lo.f. 5. Sow. t. 8. Alb. & Schw. t. 10. f. 4. Buxb. C. iv. /. 21. 76 AGARICINI. Hygro- 13. H. cerasinus Berk.— Pileus 4-6 cent. (iX~2X in.) broad, phorus. pa|e umj)er t|ien grey, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, often more or less wavy, sometimes depressed, viscid, shining when dry, margin minutely tomentose. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, solid, white, attenuated below, punctato -squamulose above. Gills decurrent, broad, white, tinged with pink, sometimes forked, very distant. Smell like that of cherry-laurel leaves. Somewhat gregarious. The minute white down at the margin of the pileus is divided into little linear heaps by the pressure of the gills in the early stage of growth. In woods, fir, &c. Rare. Oct. Name — from its smell of cherry-laurel (Prunus laurocerasus}. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 12. Out. p. 197. C. Hbk. n. 553. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 519. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 410. *### Fuscous-cinereous or livid. 14. H. fusco-albus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fuscous then cinereous, fleshy, moderately firm, convexo-plane, even, smooth, viscous, margin white-floccose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) thick, solid, equal, when dry white-floccose at the apex. Gills decurrent, broad, rather thick, snow-white. Stature and veil those of H. chrysodon, but the veil is somewhat annular, floccose not squamulose. Among moss. Gwrwch, 1881. Remarkable for its distinct floccose veil. M.J.B. Name — from \h& fuscous pileus and -white gills. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 410. B. & Br. n. 1962. Ag. Jung. Linn. v. t. 6. f. i. 15. H. agathosmus Fr. — Pileus 4-6 cent, (i j£-2>£ in.) broad, livid-grey, unicolorous, dotted with minute, raised, crowded, vis- cous, pellucid, whitish papillce, fleshy, convex then plane, gibbous, viscous, margin at first involute and villous, soon unfolded and naked, at length reflexed and undulated ; flesh soft, watery, whit- ish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) and more thick, solid, firm, at length soft (also hollow), equal or slightly thickened downwards, somewhat Jibrilloso-striate, not viscous, roughened as if mealy upwards with white punctiform squamules, which at length become cinereous. Partial veil not conspicuous. Gills decurrent, distant, soft, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, quite entire, somewhat veined at the base, shining white. A very remarkable species. Odour chiefly when older sweet, of anise. Lasting into late autumn. The pileus when luxuriant is much larger and HYGROPHORUS. 77 flexuous. The stem varies curved, flexuous, &c. The squamules take the place Hygro- of the veil. phorus. In fir woods. Forres. Glamis. Sept.-Nov. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, hyaline, 8x5 ink. K. Name — aya06?, good ; ocr^rj, scent. From the agreeable scent. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 129. Hym. Eur. p. 411. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 520. Gonn. & Rab. viii.-ix. /. n./i 4. 16. H. mesotephrus B. & Br. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, white, disc brown, convex, somewhat hemispherical, viscid, striate, the extreme margin often remaining quite even ; flesh white, hygrophanous. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed with a fibrillose pith, slender, flexuous, attenuated at the base, white, viscid, floccoso-granulated at the apex. Gills shortly decurrent, moderately broad, ventricose, rather distant, pure white. A very delicate species, allied to H. fusco-albus, but with a very different habit. In age the lower part of the stem is slightly stained, but by no means squamose. In woods. Rare. Bo wood. Spores 9 mk. long. B. & Br. ; elliptical, pruniform, 10-12 mk. Q. Name — /xe'cro?, middle ; Tempos, ash-coloured. From the dark disc. B. &•= Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2. vol. xiii. /. 15. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 198. C. Hbk. n. 555. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 411. 17. H. livido-albus Fr. — Pileus livid, unicolorous, fleshy, thin, obtuse, even, smooth, viscid, margin naked. Stem stuffed, slender, equal, rather even. Gills decurrent, distant, distinct, shining white. It differs from H. eburneus not only in the livid colour but also in the slightly viscous pileus as well as stem being even, smooth. It approaches the Ca marophylli. In woods. Street. Oct. Name — from the livid pileus and -white gills. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 412. Monogr. ii. p. 131. B. & Br. n. 1357. Ag. Fl. Dan. t. 1907. f. 2. II. — CAMAROPHYLLUS. * Gills deeply and at length obconically decurrent. 18. H. caprinus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) and more broad, at first blackish-fuliginous, or blackish, at length cinereous- fuliginous, but varying azure-blue, £c., fleshy, at first conico- convex, often with a prominent acorn-shaped umbo, then flattened or depressed, obtuse, somewhat repand, at the first slightly viscid, streaked with fibrils; flesh soft, fragile, thin towards the margin which is at length repand. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4 78 AGARICINI. Hygro- cent, (i^/z m') and rnore thick, solid, equal or attenuated down- phorus. Wards, at length soft, often hollow and fragile at the apex, exter- nally in a remarkable degree longitudinally fibrillose, fuliginous, pubescent and whitish at the base. Veil none. Gills remarkably decurrent, exceedingly distant, very broad, thick, quite entire, at first white, at length waxy-soft, becoming glaucous. A most distinct species, in habit to be compared only with Ag. elixus. The gills are sometimes altogether eaten away by slugs. In pastures. Bath. Glamis. Oct. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 6-8x4-5171!:. K.; ellipsoid, guttate, 10 mk. Q. Name — caper, a goat. From the streaking of the fibrils. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 131. Hym. Eur. p. 412. B. &•= Br. n. 1278. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 521. Ag. Scop. — Krombh. t. 72. f. 21-23. 19. H. leporinus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 m-) broad, yellow- rufescent, varying fuscous, equally fleshy, convex, gibbous, equal, fibrilloso-floccoset opaque. Stem short, stuffed, firm, rigid, atten- uated commonly downwards, more rarely upwards, flbrillose, pallid. Gills decurrent, pale yellowish. Its appearance is wholly that of H. pratensis. In woods and on downs. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Spores pale umber. M.J.B. Name— lepus, a hare. From the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 412. Berk. Oiit. p. 199. C. Hbk. n. 559. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 522. Ag. Schceff. t. y.-$.—Batt. t. 9. / B. 20. H. nemoreus Fr. — Pileus somewhat orange, equally fleshy, convex then expanded, gibbous and at length depressed, some- what smooth. Stem stuffed, firm, squamuloset fibroso-striate, attenuated at the base. Gills decurrent, thick, distant, somewhat of the same colour. In woods. Stoke Poges. Dec. Spores white. B. & Br. ; ovate-spherical, punctate, 5-6 mk. Q. Name — nemus, a grove. Found in wooded groves. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 413. B. 6^ Br. n. 1668. 21. H. pratensis Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (!~2 in-) and more broad, somewhat pale yellowish, compactly fleshy especially at the disc, thin towards the margin, convex then flattened, almost tur- binate from the stem being thickened upwards, even, smooth, moist (but not viscous) in rainy weather, when dry often rimosely incised, here and there split regularly round ; flesh firm, white. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, 12 mm. (^ mO and more thick, stuffed, internally spongy, externally polished-evened and firmer, attenuated downwards, even, smooth, naked. Gills remarkably HYGROPHORUS. 79 decurrent, at first arcuate ', then extended in the form of an inverted Hygro- cone, very distant, thick, firm, brittle, connected by veins at the Phorus- base, very broad in the middle, of the same colour as the pileus. Very protean. Veil none. The flesh of the pileus is formed as it were of the stem dilated upwards. The typical form resembles the Cantherelli. Every- where becoming light yellow-tawny, but varying with the stem and gills pale- white. In pastures. Common. Aug.-Nov. Edible; very little distinctive flavour. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 6-iox 4-6 mk. K. ; 5x4 mk. IV.G.S. Name — pratum, meadow. Found in meadows. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 132. Hym. Eur. p. 413. Sv. ail. Sv. t. 30. Berk. Oiit. p. 199. C. Hbk. n. 560. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 523. Hussey ii. /. 90. Ag. Pers. — Fl. Dan. t. 1735. f. i. Grev. t. 91. Krombh. t. 43-/~. 7-10. Bull, t. 587. Forms departing from the type : Bolt. t. 56. Sow. t. 141. Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 28. f. i. Brig. t. 22. * H. cinereus Fr. — The thinner pileus and gills cinereous, margin at length striate. Stem white. Otherwise as in H. pratensis. Spores ovoid-spherical, 6 mk. Q. Name— from the cinereous colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 413. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 30 (two upper Jig.) B. & Br. n. 1561. .S. Mycol. Scot. n. 523. * H. pallidus B. £ Br. — Pileus pallid, infundibuliform, mar- gin undulated, deflexed. Stem dilated upwards, fibrilloso-striate. Gills distant, decurrent, branched, pallid. Coed Coch. Oct. B. &> Br. n. 1356*. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 413. 22. H. fcetens Phill. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark brown, somewhat fleshy, convex then becoming plane, smooth, at length broken up into squamules. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, attenuated downwards, shining, clothed with transversely arranged fibrous scales, paler than the pileus. Gills decurrent, distant, rather thick, somewhat of the same colour as the pileus or paler, somewhat glaucous-pruinose. Fragile. Very fcetid, nauseous. The odour is very similar to that of Thelephora fastidiosa. Not at all viscid. On the ground. Shrewsbury, 1878, 1884. Nov. Nearly related to H. micans. B. & Br. Name— -fastens, stinking. Phill. Grevillea, vol. vii. p. 74. B. & Br. n. 1780. 23. H. virgineus Fr. Wholly white. — Pileus fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, moist, at length depressed, cracked into patches, floccose when dry. Stem curt, stuffed, firm, attenuated at the base, externally becoming even and naked. Gills decurrent, distant, rather thick. Flesh sometimes equal, sometimes abruptly thin. Commonly confounded 8o AGARICINI. Hygro- with H. niveus, but it is more difficult to distinguish it from white forms of H. phorus. pratensis. It is distinguished chiefly by its smaller stature, by the colour being constantly white, sometimes becoming pale, by the obtuse pileus being scarcely turbinate, at length cracked into patches andfloccose when dry, and by the gills being thinner, &c. In pastures. Common. Aug.-Nov. Taste like Marasmius oreades. M.J.B. Edible ; delicious when broiled or stewed. Name — virgo, a virgin. From the purity of the colours. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. 413. Berk. Out. p. 199. C. Hbk. n. 561. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 524. Price/. 41 (ochrey-white). Ag. VVulf. in Jacqu. Miscell. 2. /. 15. /. i. Sow. t. 32. Grev. t. 166. Gonn. & Rob. t. 10. /. 3. Bull. t. 188. Batt. t. 12. /. H. — Batschf. 200 (a very small form). 24. H. ventricosus B. & Br. White.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fleshy, unequal, convex. Stem 6 cent. (2% in.) long, 12 mm. (yz in.) thick in the middle, solid, at length partially hol- low, attenuated at the base and apex. Gills deeply decurrent, narrow, sometimes forked. Often tinged with red from the growth of a little Fusisporium. Among grass. Coed Coch. Name— venter, the belly. From the ventricose stem. B. & Br. n. 1777. 25. H. niveus' Fr. Wholly white. — Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat inembranaceous, and without a more compact disc, hence truly nmbilicate, campanulate then convex, smooth, striate and viscid when moist, not cracked when dry ; flesh thin, everywhere equal, white, hygrophanous. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, even, smooth, tense and straight. Gills decurrent, distant, thin, scarcely connected by veins, arcuate, quite entire. Thinner, tougher, and later than H. virgineus, &c. Being hygrophanous the pileus is shining white when dry. Very tender forms occur. In pastures. Common. Sept.-Oct. Name— niveus, snow-white. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. 414. Berk. Out. p. 199. C. Hbk. n. 562. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 525. Ag. Scop.— S chaff, t. 232. Krombh. t. 25.7. 1-3. 26. H. Wynniae B. & Br. Lemon-yellow, hygrophanous. — Pileus thin, umbilicate, or somewhat infundibuliform, striate. Gills decurrent, narrow, thin. Foetid when decayed, losing much of its lemon colour when it parts with its moisture. Resembling Ag. mollis Bull., but on a smaller scale. On chips, old stumps, £c. Coed Coch, &c. Name — after Mrs Lloyd Wynne. B. & Br. n. 1781, 1962*. Sm. Card. Chron. Oct. 1878, /. 476. fig. Clitocybe xanthophylla, Bresadola Fung. Trid. fig- HYGROPHORUS. 8 1 27. H. russo-coriaceus B. & Br.— Pileus about 12 mm. (l/2 in.) Hygro- broad, ivory-white, fleshy, convex, slightly viscid. Stem 18 mm.- Phorus- 2.5 cent, (i^-i in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slender, solid, thickened upwards, smooth, pure white. Gills decurrent, arched, broad, thick, very few and distant, with a few shorter ones inter- mixed. Known at once by its persistent delightful odour, like that of Russian leather or Potentilla atro-sanguinea. In pastures. Rare. Oct. Spores 11x6 mk. W.G.S. Name— from its odour of Russian leather. B. & Br. n. 332. Berk. Out. p. 199. C. Hbk. n. 563. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 526. Ft: Hyvi. Eur. p. 414. Saimd. tir" Sm. t. 28. f. 2. 28. H. micaceus B. & Br.— Pileus 12-8 mm. ()4-*4 in.) broad, hemispherical, at first light yellow then becoming cinereous, wrinkled, micaceous. Stem 18 mm. (^ in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, solid, granulated, light yellow then brown downwards. Gills decurrent, pallid umber. Mycelium white. The whole plant turns dark brown when dry. When young it looks like a small specimen of Leotia lubrica. On clayey soil. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Name — mica, grain, granule. From the micaceous pileus. B. dr" Br. n, 1779. ** Gills itentricose, sinuato-arcuate or plano-adnate. 29. H. fornicatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high and broad, white or pallid livid, fleshy, but thin, campanulate then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, somewhat repand, viscid, even, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid or hollow at the very apex, compact, firm, tough, equal, somewhat undu- lated, smooth, shining white. Gills sometimes almost free, some- times slightly adnexed with a small decurrent tooth (sinuato- adnexed\ thick, ventricose, distant, distinct, exceeding the margin, white. The structure of the stem and pileus is that of H. pratensis, but it is wholly white, and the attachment of the gills is plainly different. It has occurred with the stem fuscous-squamulose at the base. In pastures. Holme Lacy, Herefordshire. Batheaston. Oct. Name—forn/x, a vault. Arched. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. 414. B. £r= Br. n. 1420. Krombh. t. 25. f. 4, 5. 30. H. distans Berk.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, white, with a silky lustre, here and there stained with brown, somewhat fleshy, plane or depressed, viscid. Stem white above, cinereous VOL. II. F 82 AGARICINI. Hygro- below, and attenuated, not spotted. Gills decurrent, few, very phorus. distant) somewhat ventricose, pure white then tinged with cine- reous, interstices obscurely rugose. Often umbilicate. Remarkable for the few and distant gills. In woods. Rare. King's Cliffe. Name — from the distant gills. Berk. Out. p. 200. /. 13. f. i. C. Hbk. n. 564. Fr. Hym. Enr. p. 415. 31. H. Clarkii B. & Br. — Pileus livid-cinereous, convex, some- what umbonate, viscous, margin even. Stem hollow, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnate, broad, when larger nearly 12 mm. (Y2 in.) broad, distant, thick, white. Fragile. In pastures. Street. Perth Fungus Show. Sept.-Oct. Name— after J. A. Clark. B. 6= Br. n. 1358. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 527. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 415. 32. H. metapodius Fr.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iK~3 in.) broad, cinereous-fuscous, compactly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, at first even and slightly shining, then silky and squa?nulose, irregu- lar; flesh 12 mm. (y2 in.) thick, pallid-grey, reddish when broken and at length becoming black. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 12 mm. (/4 in.) and more thick, stuffed, attenuated downwards, unequal, ascending, smooth, cinereous, reddish internally. Gills variously adnate (for the most part arcuato-decurrent behind, or broadly emarginate), distant, thick, veined, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, grey-white. Odour of new meal, taste mild. In respect of its flesh being compact, red- dish when broken and at length becoming black, and its thick juicy gills, it is very analogous with Russula nigricans. There is a var. paradoxa appearing among taller mosses; stem elongated to 10 cent. (4 in.), wholly fusiform, pileus smaller, regular and villous, gills obconico-decurrent as in H. pratensis. In old pastures. Street, 1871. Glamis, 1876. Aug.-Nov. Name — from the stem (TTOVS) being as it were upside down (//.era). Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 135. Hym. Eur. p. 415. B. &" Br. n. 1359. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 528. 33. H. ovinus Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fuscous, slightly fleshy, companulate then expanded, somewhat umbonate, at first slightly viscid and even, then dry and squamulose, at length revolute, undulated, rimosely incised; flesh only 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, rigid-fragile. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, somewhat stuffed, somewhat equal or slightly thickened at both ends, curved or twisted, compressed, smooth, slightly shin- HYGROPHORUS. 83 ing, pallid. Gills arcuato-adnate, decurrent with a tooth, distant, Hygro- thick, as much as 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, connected by veins and p occasionally divided, grey then rufescent, the thin edge quite entire. Very much allied to H. metapodius, odour almost the same. The flesh is the same except in being thinner and rigid-fragile. In a larger var. the pileus becomes black and the stem fuscous-black. In pastures. Uncommon. Sept. Name — ovis, a sheep. Woolly, squamulose. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 135. Hym. Eur. p. 415. Berk. Out. p. 200. C. Hbk. n. 565. S. My col. Scot. n. 529. Hussey ii. t. 50. Ag. Bull. t. 580. 34. H. subradiatus Fr. — Pileus varying in colour, white, livid, disc fuscous, &c., somewhat membranaceous, slightly fleshy at the disc from the apex of the stem being dilated, otherwise quite membranaceous, but moderately tough and somewhat irregularly shaped, convex then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, hygrophan- ous when moist, radiato-striate from the translucent gills. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulo.se, equal, attenu- ated at the base, twisted, ascending, smooth, pale, white at the base. Gills plane but deeply decurrent with a tooth, ventricose, somewhat thin, distant, connected by veins, white. Allied to the thinner forms of H. pratensis, but differing very widely in the attachment of the gills. In old pastures. Glamis, 1874. Sept. Name — sub, and radiatus, rayed. From the character of the striae. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 136. Hym. Eur. p. 416. B. & Br. n. 1670. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 530. Ag. Schum. * H. lacmus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, lilac then becoming pale, fragile, slightly fleshy at the disc, otherwise membranaceous, piano-depressed, occasionally at the same time umbonate, unequal at the circumference, radiato-striate when moist, when dry even, shining, commonly smooth, but occasion- ally fibrillose or squamulose on the disc. Stem elongated to 5 cent. (2 in.) and more, stuffed then hollow, often twisted, smooth, somewhat shining, narrowed at the base and apex. Gills plano-decurrent, thin, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, connected by veins, somewfhat distant, cinereous. In the same habitats as H. subradiatus. In pastures and heathy places. Coed Coch. Loch Maree, &c. Sept. -Oct. Name — lac, varnish. Shining. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 136. Hym. Eur. p. 416. B. &> Br. n. 1780. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 530. Fl. Dan. t. 1731. /. i. 35. H. irrigatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (:~2 in-) broad, livid, 84 AGARICINI. Hygro- becoming dingy white as the gluten separates, slightly fleshy, fragile, campanulate, expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, viscous. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, flexuous, tough, equal, smooth, -very viscous, livid. Gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, somewhat distant, distinct, fragile, rather thick, scarcely connected by veins, either wholly white or grey. Very variable, sometimes much larger. The gills are less juicy than those of H. unguinosus, with which it must not be confounded. In grassy places and fir woods. Laxton, Norths. Glamis. Oct.-Nov. Name — irrigo, to wet. From its watery texture. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 137 (irriguus). Hym. Eur. p. 416. Icon. t. 168. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 1280. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 531. Ag. Pers. 36. H. Houghtoni B. £ Br.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) broad, bright coloured, convex, at length depressed in the centre, striate, very viscous. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 6 mm. (J4 in.) thick, transversely undulated, very viscous, tawny-light yellow. Gills decurrent, thin, pale yellowish. Odour foxy. The stem is sometimes tinged above with blue. The gelatin- ous coat is extremely thick, and at length separates and forms a cup in the centre. Among grass. Preston, Salop, 1872. Oct. Name — after Rev. William Houghton. B. & Br. n. 1360. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 416. II I. — HYGROCYBE. * Gills decurrent. 37. H. Colemannianus Blox. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- C1-2 m-) broad, reddish timber, paler when dry except in the centre, somewhat fleshy, at first somewhat campanulate, at length ex- panded, strongly umbonate, when moist striate and slightly viscid. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, brittle, fibrous, nearly equal, somewhat silky, white, very slightly tinged with umber. Gills deeply decurrent, rather broad, distant, interstices veined and rugose, umber but paler than the pileus. In grassy places. Twycross, Warwickshire. Spores 6x8 mk. B. &> Br. Name — from W. H. Coleman. Blox. — Berk. Out. p. 200. B. S-3 Br. n. 701. C. Hbk. n. 566. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 417. 38. H. sciophanus Fr. — Pileus 1-4 cent. (%-il/2 in.) broad, very hygrophanous with a peculiar deep tawny or rather vivid HYGROPHORUS. 85 brick but opaque colour, becoming pale when dry, becoming white Hygro- when older, thin, slightly fleshy at the disc, otherwise membran- Phorus- aceous, hemispherical or obtusely campanulate then expanded, always obtuse, slightly viscid, even at the disc, remotely and pellucidly striate to the middle, regular, torn when older. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (i/4~3 in.) long, hollow, wholly equal, always thin, scarcely more than 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, flexuous, even, smooth, slippery, never tense and straight, tawny yellowish, but paler than the pileus, even becoming white. Gills attenuato-adnate^ at the first slightly ascending, then plano-decurrent, distant, commonly distinct, of the same colour as the pileus, or sometimes inclining to rose-colour. Very elegant, densely gregarious, fragile. In habit and opaque tawny colour it is like H. pratensis, but is thin, fragile, juicy, with the pileus some- what repand, and the gills thin and plano-decurrent. The stem is never tense and straight as in H. conicus. There is a var. with the pileus date-brown. In mossy places. Perth. Spores very pale clay-coloured. B. & Br. Name — cricid, shade ; euVw, to appear. From its shaded colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 137. Hym. Eur. p. 417. Icon. t. 167. /. i. B. 6-= Br. n. 1560. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 532. Ag. Fl. Dan. t. 1845.7. 2- 39. H. laetus Fr.— Pileus reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, tawny, shining, not becoming pale, slightly fleshy, almost mem- branaceous at the margin, convex then flattened, obtuse, slippery, even or slightly pellucid-striate round the margin ; flesh thin, of the same colour as the pileus and paler. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, thin, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow or rather fistulose, equal, tough, even, very smooth, slippery, tawny. Gills somewhat decurrent, distant, thin, somewhat connected by veins, for the most part flesh-coloured, but varying whitish, fuliginous, &c. The stem is here and there undulated and darker at the apex, in which it approaches H. psittacinus. It departs from all the others in this group in the toughness, especially of the stem. Appearing in troops. In pastures. Frequent. Spores nearly globose, 8 mk. B. & Br. ; ovoid pruniform, 8 mk. Q. Name— Icetus, joyful, pleasing. From the bright colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 138. Hym. Eur. p. 417. Icon. t. 167. /. 2. B. & Br. n. 702. Berk. Out. p. 200. C. Hbk. n. 567. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 533. Ag. Pers. 40. H. vitellinus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (j4-i in.) broad, «/r\.\'&\v^\\.,fibroso-striate. Gills attenuato-free, ventricose, thin, somewhat crowded, varying white, light yellow, &c. Very easily distinguished from all neighbouring species by its juicy and fragile substance, &c. Viscid when moist, shining when dry. It is smooth even when dry. The primary colour depends upon the weather. It has the singular character of the flesh becoming black when broken, but in some forms (springing in dry weather) it is unchangeable. The following forms may be noted : a) coccinea, scarlet and shining, gills yellow, often reddish at the base : b) lutea, pileus and gills yellow — neither becoming black : c) pileus reddish or tawny, gills yellow : d) sulphured, pileus bright light yellow-sulphur- colour, sometimes greenish, gills often whitish — both becoming black when broken : e) squalida, pileus livid or fuliginous-light yellow : f ) tristis, pileus at the first fuliginous, soon shining black — both of their own accord becoming wholly black. In pastures. Very common. July-Nov. Pileus 2.5-6 cent. (1-2% in.) Stem varying very much in length and thickness. Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 10-11 x 6-8 mk. K. ; n x 6 mk. W. G.S. Name — from its conical shape. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 142. Hym. Eur. p. 419. Berk. Out. p. 202. C. Hbk. n. 573. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 540. Ag. Scop. — Sch&ff. t. 2. Fl. Bat. t. 310. Bull. t. 50 (524. /. 3. var. tristis). Batsch f. 28. 49. H. calyptraeformis B. £ Br. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, 18 mm. (^ in.) broad at the base, pink, becoming pallid, thin, acutely conical, lobed below, moist when unexpanded, striate under a lens, minutely innato-Jibrillose. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more long, hollow, the walls fibrous within, remarkably smooth, slightly striate, brittle, often splitting longitudinally, white. Gills acutely attenuated behind, very narrow, distinct, rose-coloured at length pallid. The gills are often almost evanescent behind. The stem is pure white, except within the pileus where it has often a roseate tinge. Very distinct from H. conicus. It does not turn black when bruised. 90 AGARICINI. Hygro- In pastures. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. phorus. I have found several specimens larger than described by Berkeley, quite as large as full-sized H, conicus which it resembles very much in shape. Spores 3x4 mk. W. G.S, Name—calyptra, a hood ; forma, form. From its shape. Berk. Out. p. 202. Trans. Woolh. Club, t. 21. /. 4-6. C. Hbk. n. 576. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 541. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 420. 50. H. chlorophanus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, com- monly bright sulphur-yellow, sometimes however scarlet, not changing colour, somewhat membranaceous, very fragile, at first convex, then plane, obtuse, orbicular and lobed, and at length cracked, smooth, viscid, striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, round, rarely compressed, wholly even, smooth, viscid when moist, shining when dry, wholly unicolorous, rich light yellow. Gills emarginato-<7<^;m/, very ventricose, with a thin decurrent tooth, thin, distant, distinct. Very much allied to H. conicus, but never becoming black, and otherwise certainly distinguished by its convex, obtuse, striate pileus, by its even and viscous stem, and by its emarginato-frce, thin, somewhat distant, whiter gills. Like H. ceraceus in appearance. In grassy and mossy places. Common. Aug.-Oct. Spores pruniform, 8 mk. Q. Name — xAwP°s, greenish-yellow ; of colour generally, pale ; 4>aCvu>, to appear. From the pale yellow colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 143. Hym. Eur. p. 420. Icon. t. 167. f. 4. B. & Br. n. 933. C. Hbk. 7i. 574. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 542. Hoffm. Ic. t. 5. f. i. 51. H. psittacinus Fr. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, for the most part yellow tinged with green, slightly fleshy, campanu- late then expanded, umbonate, smooth, very glutinous when young, slightly viscid when more fully grown, becoming pale but not changing colour and not torn. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, but often bent, even, toughish, greenish, at least at the apex. Gills adnate, but very ventricose, rather thick, broad, somewhat distant, most frequently green. The colour of the pileus and stem is very variable, when full grown for the most part yellowish, but varying brick-colour, reddish, whitish, most frequently with a greenish tinge. In the toughness of the stem it approaches H. Icetus. Easily distinguished by the greenish gluten with which it is smeared, and which persistently tinges the apex of the stem. It varies very much in size. In pastures. Common. Aug.-Oct. In some stages of growth it is exceedingly tough. Spores ellipsoid-sphae- roid, 7-8 x 5-6 mk. K. ,-6x7 mk. W. G.S. Nsune—psittacits, the ringed green parrot. From the colours. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 143. Hym. Eur. p. 420. Berk. Out. p. 202. C. Hbk. n. 575. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 543. Hussey i. t. 41. Ag. Schceff. t. 301. Sow. t. 82. Grev. t. jjf.— Biill. t. 545. /. i. Ventur. t. 42. /. 1-3. Batt. t. 2 1./. E. HYGROPHORUS. 9 1 52. H. unguinosus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, Hygro- smeared luith dense fuliginous gluten, slightly fleshy, campanulate Phorus- then convex, obtuse, even, or at length rimosely incised. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, commonly atten- uated at the base and apex, unequal, somewhat compressed, glu- tinous, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnate, but very ventricose, distant, thick, broad, connected by veins, shining white, becoming glaucous, soft. Inodorous, very fragile, appearing chiefly in later autumn. The fuligi- nous colour is unchangeable. The tough fuliginous gluten on rhe pileus distils in drops. It differs sufficiently from H. irrigatus in its larger stature, in its watery substance, in the gluten, and in its ventricose separating gills. In woods and pastures. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Name — unguinosus, oily. From the gluten. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 144. Hym. Eur. p. 421. Icon. t. 168. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 202. C. Hbk. n. 577. S. My col. Scot. n. 544. 53. H. nitratus Fr. Fuscous-cinereous. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, becoming pale, scarcely fleshy, very fragile, convex, obtuse or depressed in the centre, at the first slightly viscid, soon floccu- lose, then squamiilose and rimosely incised, irregularly shaped, somewhat repand. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, but often twisted, and at length somewhat compressed, fragile, externally polished, smooth, whit- ish, woven with thick crisped fibres. Gills broadly emarginate, very broad, as much as 18 mm. (^ in.) broad (obliquely ovate), distant, thick, mucid-soft, connected by veins, whitish then becom- ing glaucous. The above is the larger and rarer form. B. The smaller form is the com- moner. Pileus 1-2.5 cent, (/^-i in.) broad, viscous when young and moist, even, fuscous, but soon dry and rimoso-squamulose, cinereous. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, 2-6 mm. (1-3 lin.) thick, unequal, commonly compressed and undulated, sometimes yellowish. Gills at first wholly adnate, even with a decurrent tooth, then ventricose and glaucous, but broad and thick, as if smeared. Widely removed from all others by its strong nitrous odour, and by the colour being by no means bright. As regards substance and structure it agrees well with H. coccineus, and affords the best example of the generic character ; the gills are thick, juicy, and the hymenium, which is waxy soft as if composed of fat, is as easily rubbed off from the trama as if it were fat. Very changeable in stature according to locality. In pastures. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name — nitrum, nitre. From its nitrous odour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 421. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 545. H. murinaceus Fr. Alonogr. ii. p. 145. Berk. Out. p. 203. C. Hbk. n. 578. * H. glauco-nitens Fr. — Pileus olivaceous-black or fuliginous, 92 AGARICINI. Hygro- phorus. becoming- pale, streaked with fibrils. Stem equal, shining. Gills becoming glaucous. Stiff. It seems to be a young state of H. nitratus, scorched by the sun, but it is reckoned distinct by Persoon and others. Odour the same, but weaker. In mixed woods. Pass of Killiecrankie. 1877. Aug. Name— glaucus, glaucous ; nitens, shining. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 421. B. 6" Br. n. 1671. S. My col. Scot. n. 546. Ag. Batschf. 192. Lactarius. GENUS IX. — Lactarius (lac, milk). Fr. Epicr. p. 333. Hymenophore continuous with the stem. Gills unequal, mem- branaceous-waxy, slightly rigid, milky, acute at the edge. Spores globose, white, rarely yellowish. Fleshy fungi, growing on the ground (with two exceptions}, putres- cent, pileus depressed, gills adnato- decurrent and often branched. A very distinct genus and easily recognised. Pileus in some species zoned which is peculiar to this genus. Watery milk is never a normal fea- ture of the genus, but where it does occur it is owing to the dampness of the station where the specimens have grown. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 421. The nearest allies to the Lactarii are the Russules, which are at once distinguished by their want of milk. The genus includes some species which are edible and delicious, while others are exceedingly poisonous. The best mark of distinction of species is the nature of the milk. Tribe I. PIPERITES (piperitis, pepper-wort). Stem central. Gills un- changeable, naked, not changing colour and not pruinose. Milk at the first white, (commonly) acrid. * TRICHOLOMOIDEI. Pileus -viscid -when moist, margin at first in-volute, tomentose. ** LIMACINI. Pileus -viscid when moist, pelliculose, margin naked. *** PIPERATI. Pileus -without a pellicle, hence absolutely dry, most fre- quently unpolished. Tribe II. DAPETES (daps, food). Stem central. Gills naked ; milk at the first deeply coloured. XL IX. Lactarius subdulcis. One-third natural size. LACTARIUS. 93 Tribe I II. RUSSULARES. Stem central. Gills pallid then changing colour, Lactarius afterwards darker, glancing when turned to the light, at length white-pruinose. Milk at the first white, mild or from mild turning acrid. * Pileus at the first viscous. * Pileus unpolished, squamulose, villous or pruinose. *** Pileus polished, smooth. Tribe IV. PLEUROPUS. Stem excentric or lateral. Growing on trunks. TRIBE I. — PIPERITES. * TRICHOLOMOIDEI. Pileus viscid when moist, &>c. 1. L. scrobiculatus Fr. — Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) and more broad, yellow, commonly zoneless, fleshy, but not compact, at first convex, umbilicate, at length infundibuliform, obtuse, with agglutinated villous down, very viscid when moist, margin in- volute, bearded, at length when old unfolded and almost naked ; flesh lax, whitish, but commonly becoming yellow when broken. Stem 4-6 cent. (1^2-2% in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more thick, stout, often stuffed when young, but soon remark- ably hollow, equal, light yellow, pitted with broad roundish spots, smooth, somewhat viscid, pubescent at the base. Gills adnato- decurrent, thin, crowded, quaternate, whitish. Milk plentiful, at first white, soon sulphur-yellow when exposed to the air. Very acrid, odour not unpleasant. Pileus sometimes as much as 30 cent. (12 in. ) broad. The pileus becomes pale in open places, and is sometimes zoned. In very watery places when broken it occasionally becomes azure-blue-purple, milk white, soon serous. On the ground. Bristol. Spores subsphaeroid, echinulate, 11-12x8-10 mk. K. ; subglobose, 6-8 mk. C.B.P. Name — scrobis, a trench. From the pitted stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 152. Hym. Eur. p. 422. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 42. Ag. Schceff. t. 227. Krombh. t. 58. f. 1-6. B. milk watery white becoming violet. Barla t. 18. / 3-6- 2. L. torminosus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, pallid flesh-colour, laxly fleshly, somewhat fragile, obtuse, de- pressed, becoming even, viscid when moist, somewhat zoned, with a white-fibrillose beard at the margin and towards the margin which is at first involute ; flesh pallid. Stem 6-9 cent. (2^-3^ in.) long, 18 mm.-2.5 cent, (^-i in.) thick, stuffed soon hollow, equal or attenuated downwards, delicately adpressedly tomentose or becoming smooth, even or obsoletely pitted, dry. Gills adnato-decurrent, 2-3 mm. (i-iK lin«) broad, very thin and crowded, unequal but rarely connected by branches, paler than the pileus. Milk white, unchangeable, acrid. Inodorous. It frequently varies pale-ochraceous. It also occurs with the 94 AGARICINI. Lactarius. pileus wholly white and tomentose Sow. t. 103. In another form the pileus is smooth, zoneless, white. In a variety the pileus is at length excentric, whitish, cracked in a tesselated manner, margin spreading, naked. In mixed woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores subsphceroid, echinulate, 6-8 mk. K. ; 9x6mk. W.G.S. Name — tormina, gripes. Causing gripes. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 153. Hym. Eur. p. 422. Sv. dtL Sv. t. 28. Berk. Out. p. 203. C. Hbk. n. 582. S. MycoL Scot. n. 547. Ag. Scheeff. t. 12. Fl. Dan. t. 1068. Sv. Bot. t. 184. Bull, t. 529. /. 2. Krombh. t. 13. f. 15-23. Ventur. t. 30. f. 2. Barla t. i8./. 7-10. Harz. t. ii. 3. L. cilicioides Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, flesh- colour inclining to fuscous, fleshy, convex then flattened and depressed in the centre, everywhere tomentose, viscous, zoneless, margin involute, fibrilloso-woolly ; flesh not very compact, yellow- ish-white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, firm, stuffed, somewhat hollow only when old, equal, even, pruinato-silky under a lens, pallid, never pitted or spotted. Gills decurrent, crowded, branched, white inclining to yellow. Milk acrid, 'white or light yellow-white. The stem is dingy, not of a pure colour as in L. torminosus, £c. Inter- mediate between L. torminosus and L. turpis. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Name— /aAuaoi/, goat's-hair cloth ; etSos, appearance. Fr. Monogr. \\.p. 154. Hym. Eur. p. 422. Berk. Out. p. 203. C. Hbk. n. 583. S. MycoL Scot. n. 548. Ag. Schceff. t. 228. Krombh. t. 58.7. 11-13 var- B- & Br. n. 1887. 4. L. turpis Fr. — Pileus large, as much as 30 cent. (12 in.) broad, olivaceous inclining to umber, fleshy, rigid, convex be- coming plane, disc-shaped or umbilicate, at length depressed, innato-villous at the circumference or wholly, covered over with tenacious gluten, zoneless, sometimes tawny towards the margin, at length entirely inclining to umber; margin for a long time involute, at the first villous, olivaceous-light-yellow, then more or less flattened, at length often densely rivuloso-sulcate ; flesh com- pact, white, then slightly rufescent. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (iK~3 m>) long, 1-2.5 cent. (}4-i in.) and more thick, solid, hard, equal or attenuated downwards, even or pitted and uneven, but not spotted, viscid or dry, pallid or dark olivaceous, ochraceous-whitish at the apex. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, much crowded, forked, white straw-colour, spotted fuscous when broken or bruised. Milk acrid, white, unchangeable. Gregarious, rigidly and compactly fleshy ; habit almost that of Paxillus involutes. It varies with the stem hollow, and the pileus somewhat zoned. In woods, roadsides, &c. Common. Sept.-Nov. LACTARIUS. 95 The pileus varies in size from about 7.5-30 cent. (3-12 in.) Spores Lactarius. sphasroid or subsphceroid, uniguttate, echinulate, 6-8 mk. K. Name — turpis, base. From its ugly appearance. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 154. Hym. Eur. p. 423. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 60. Berk. Out. p. 203. C. Hbk. n. 584. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 549. Ag. Weinm. — Fl. Dan. t. 1913. Krombh. t. 69. f. 1-6. Harz. t. 60. 5. L. controversus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, fleshy, compact, rigid, at the first convex, broadly umbili- cate, when fuller grown somewhat infundibuliform, oblique, on emerging from the ground dry, flocculose, whitish, then with rain smooth, viscid, reddish, with blood-coloured spots and zones (especially towards the margin), margin acute when young, closely involute, more or less villous ; flesh very flrni. Stem commonly 2.5 cent, (i in.) long and thick, sometimes however 5 cent. (2 in.) long and then manifestly attenuated towards the base and often excentric, solid, obese, even but pruinate and as if striate at the apex from the obsoletely decurrent tooth of the gills, wholly white, never pitted. Gills decurrent, thin, very crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, with many shorter ones inter- mixed, but rarely branched, pallid - white -flesh - colour. Milk white, unchangeable, plentiful. Odour weak but pleasant, taste very acrid. Allied to L. piperatus. In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Spores echinulate, 8x6 mk. W.G.S. Name— contra, against; mrto, to turn. From its becoming at length infundibuliform. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 155. Hym. Eur. p. 423. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 29. B. & Br. n. 1282. C. Hbk. n. 585. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 550. Trans. Woolh. Club, i868,/^. Ag. Pers.— Vittad. t. 37. Ventur. t. 51. / 1-4. Barla t. i8./. i, 2. Bull. t. 538. Batsch f. 201. Krombh. t. 56. /. 5-7 (var.) 6. L. pubescens Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, whitish passing into flesh-colour, fleshy, rather plane, depressed in the centre, then broadly infundibuliform, quite zoneless, even, dry, becoming smooth at the disc, shining, margin involute, fibrilloso-pubescentj flesh thin but flrni, pliant, white, or flesh- coloured in the cuticle, unchangeable. Stem short, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 lin.) thick at the apex, attenuated downwards and sometimes compressed, stuffed, soft internally, even (not pitted), commonly pruinato - pubescent when young, but commonly becoming smooth, flesh-colour then white. Gills adnate or slightly decurrent, crowded, quaternate, narrower than the flesh of the pileus, pallid, slightly flesh-coloured. Milk white, unchangeable, not plentiful. Inodorous, taste very acrid. It is like a poor form of L. controversus, but is very distinct. 96 AGARICINI. Lactarius. Among pebbles. Loch Kenord, Aberdeenshire. Name — from the pubescent margin of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 155. Hym. Eur. p. 424. B. &° Br. n. 1282. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 551. Grevillea, t. 76. f. 2. Ag. Krombh. t. 13. f. 1-14. Var. margine-tomentoso B. & Br. — Pileus clothed with fine matted down, margin tomentose. Stem nearly equal, 3 cent. (iX m-) l°n&> about 10 mm. (5 lin.) thick. Odour pungent. In pastures. Aboyne. Aug. B. & Br. n. 1015. C. Hbk. n. 586. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 551. Krombh. t. 13. _/] i, 2. ** LIMACINI. Pileus viscid when moist, pelliculose, &c. 1. L. insulsus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, yellowish-brick-colour, fleshy, not very compact, deeply umbilicate and at length infundibuliform, rigid, zoned (especially round the margin), smooth, with a somewhat separable viscid pellicle, mar- gin naked ; flesh firm, pallid, somewhat zoned under the pellicle. Stem stuffed when young, but varying hollow when old, most frequently curt and attenuated downwards, 4 cent. (i}4 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, rarely lengthened to 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and then equal, thinner, smooth, even or more rarely pitted - spotted. Gills decurrent, very crowded, forked at the base, 2 mm. (i lin.) or little more broad, whitish, becoming pale. Milk white, unchangeable, acrid. Its stature and size are those of L. deliciosus, but the colours are paler ; the milk when the plant is old is often watery (not coloured) ; otherwise when wounded it does not change colour as L. deliciosus does. In mixed woods. Common. Aug.-Oct. Spores globose, pallid. Fr. Name — insulsus, insipid, tasteless. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 157. Hym. Eur. p. 424. Berk. Out. p. 204. t. 13. f. 2. C. Hbk. n. 587. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 552. Krombh. t. 12. /. 1-6. Hussey, i. t-59- 8. L. zonarius Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, pallid orange or pale yellowish to deeper yellow, fleshy, convex becom- ing plane, then depressed, somewhat umbilicate, margin thin, naked, long involute, at first even, smooth, with a closely adnate pellicle, viscid, beautifully zoned most frequently towards the margin, at length — and at the first at the circumference — min- utely ruguloso-flocculose ; flesh compact, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, equal, or 2.5 cent, (i in.) and attenuated down- wards, 1-2.5 cent- (X-1 inO thick, firm, solid, elastic, spongy- soft internally, even, smooth, dry, white then yellowish, unspotted, pale upwards. Gills rounded -adnate and adnato- decurrent, LACTARIUS. 97 arcuate, thin, narrow, somewhat crowded, branched, scarcely Lactarius. broader than 2 mm. (i lin.), whitish, at length becoming dingy yellowish, becoming dingy or even somewhat asruginous when bruised. Milk white, unchangeable, acrid. Pileus sometimes deeply umbilicate. Like L. insulsus, but well distin- guished from it by its compact substance, &c. It varies in having the stem hollow, the walls of the cavity at first white, then ochraceous-tawny, and also in the pileus being flexuous, smooth, zoneless. In woods. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Spores minutely echinulate, almost globular, 7 mk. W.G.S. Name — zona, a zone. Zoned. Fr. Alonogr. ii. p. 158. Hym. Eur. p. 425. Berk. Out. p. 204. C. Hbk. 71. 588. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 553. Fl. Bat. t. 825 middle Jig. Ag. Bull. t. 104. Vaill. Par. t. 12. /. 7. 9. L. blennius Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, pallid olivaceous or c. 14. L. flexuosus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, lead- grey or violet-grey, becoming pale, zoned or zoneless, fleshy, convex, becoming plane, depressed, somewhat repand, margin at first and for a long time bent inwards, at length spreading, erect, dry, at the first smooth, somewhat shining, then rimdoso- scaly, unpolished, opaque ; flesh hard, grumoso-compact, white. Stem 5-9 cent. (2-3% in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more thick upwards, solid, obese or equally attenuated downwards, not rarely excentric, here and there somewhat lacunose, not however pitted, pallid grey, the apex whitish, the base somewhat yellowish. Gills adnate, somewhat horizontal, thick, distant, 2-3 mm. (i- i>£ lin.) broad, connected by branches, light yellowish, at length becoming whitish-flesh-colour. Milk white, unchangeable. Remarkable ; hard, firm, very acrid. Under a lens the stem is clothed with very delicate adpressed down. There is a form roseo-zonatus Post, approaching L. flexuosus almost as Gomphidius roseus approaches Gomphidius glutinosus. Fr. Icon. t. 169. f. 3. In pine woods, £c. Haywood Forest. Rothiemurchus. Glamis. Oct. 100 AGARICINI. Lactarius. Edible according to some, but doubtful from its very acrid taste. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, uniguttate, 6-8 mk. K. Name—faxus, a bending. Flexuous. From the margin of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 163. Hym. Erir. p. 427. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 45. S. Mycol. Scot, Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 73. Ag. Schceff. t. 235. Harz. t. 43. 15. L. pyrogalus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, cinereous-grey, at length becoming dingy yellow, firm, fleshy, convex becoming plane, margin very soon spreading, depressed, under a lens delicately grumoso -uneven, smooth, in rainy weather moist but not viscid, somewhat zoned ; (flesh somewhat thin, but grumoso-firm, white). Stem 4 cent. (l% in.) and more long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, stuffed then soon hollow, often attenuated downwards, even or here and there delicately grumoso- tubercular under a lens, smooth, pallid-white, somewhat dingy. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, somewhat distant, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more broad, light yellow-wax-colour, the colour rich, inclining to ochraceous. Milk plentiful, white, unchangeable, very acrid. Pileus dry in fine weather. Allied to L. flexuosus, but smaller and thinner. There is a var. like L. fuliginosus with the pileus zoneless and tan-colour, not fuliginous, and the gills yellow and distant. In woods and pastures. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Poisonous. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, echinulate, 6-10 mk. K. ; sparingly echinulate, white or with a suggestion of ochre, almost globular, 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — nvp} fire ; yaXa, milk. From the milk being extremely acrid. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 163. Hym. Eur. p. 427. Berk. Out. p. 205. C. Hbk. n. 594. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 558. Ag. Bull. t. 529. /. i. Krombh. t. 14. /. 1-9. 16. L. squalidus Fr. — Pileus pallid lurid, compact, convexo- plane, umbilicate, dry, smooth, zoneless ; flesh white, sprinkled at the margin with saffron-yellow dots. Stem solid, equal, smooth, pallid brown. Gills adnate, narrow, yellowish. Milk whitish, sweet. Its affinity is not clear. Krombholz compares it with L. fuliginosus, but its stature is that of L. pyrogalus, &c. , and the pileus is smooth. In moist places. Scotland, 1875 I locality not recorded. Name — squalidus, dirty. From the dingy colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 428. B. & Br. n. 1556. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 559. Ag. Krombh. t. 40. / 23-25. 17. L. capsicum Schulz. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, chest- nut, paler at the disc, compact, pulvinate, dry, margin closely involute; flesh yellowish, becoming fuscous on exposure to the air. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, whitish, striate with tawny or rufescent fibres. Gills adnato-decurrent, some- what crowded, tawny, somewhat orange. Milk white, acrid. LACTARIUS. I O I Very robust. The gills are described as anastomosing. Lactarius. In wood. Dumfries, 1884. Sept. Name — probably from the taste being hot like that of Capsicum. Schulz. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 428. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 73. 18. L. chrysorheus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, somewhat flesh-colour, with darker zones or spots, fleshy, firm, umbilicate then infundibuliform ; flesh white, bright sulphur-yel- low when broken. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long-, 1-2.5 cent. (/4-i in.) thick, rigid, stuffed then soon hollow, equal, even, deli- cately pruinate under a lens, dry, 'white, changing colour only when old. Gills decurrent, very thin and crowded, narrow, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pallid-yellowish, not truly changing colour and not pruinose. Milk white then bright sulpJiur-yellow (golden), very acrid. It is easily distinguished from all neighbouring species by the change of colour in the flesh and milk. Pileus when dry sprinkled with thin, whitish lustre, at length darker. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Margin of pileus wavy, involute, and minutely downy when young ; flesh firm, crisp ; gills slightly forked ; stem downy at the base. M.J.B. Name — XpvVos, gold ; pew, to flow. From the yellow milk. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 165. Hym. Eur. p. 428. Berk. Out. p. 206. C. Hbk. n. 597. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 560. Ag. Bolt. t. 144. Krombh. t. 12. f. 7-14. 19. L. acris Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, cinereous-fuli- ginous, sometimes darker sometimes paler, fleshy, firm, rigid, irregular, often excentric or emarginate on one side, at first con- vex then plane, at length obliquely infundibuliform, moist rather than viscous, scarcely zoned, here and there spotted ; flesh white. Stem about 4-5 cent. (1/^-2 in.) long, 12 mm. (K in.) or a little more thick, stuffed then hollow, attenuated downwards, often oblique, ascending or curved, pallid, at length fragile. Gills somewhat decurrent, thin, somewhat crowded, somewhat divided behind, at first pallid, then yellow-flesh-colour. Milk white, soon reddish, plentiful. Strong-smelling, acrid. Very different from L. fuliginosus, which is of the same colour, but approaching L. pyrogalus. In woods. Rare. Aug.-Nov. Spores echinulate, yellow, 6x8 mk. W. G.S. Name — acer, sharp. From the acrid taste. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 164. Hym. Eur. p. 428. Berk. Out. p. 207. C. Hbk. n. 596. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 561. Ag. Bolt. t. 60. Batsch f. 68. Batt. t. 13. E. 20. L. pergamenus Fr. White. — Pileus fleshy, pliant, convex 102 AGARICINI. Lactarius. then piano-depressed, repand, zoneless, slightly wrinkled, smooth. Stem stuffed, smooth, changing colour. Gills adnate, very nar- row, horizontal, very crowded, branched, white then straw-colour. Milk white, acrid. Very much allied to L. piperatus, but differing in the stem being stuffed, at length softer internally, elongated (7.5 cent., 3 in.), unequal, attenuated down- wards and here and there ascending, quite smooth ; in the pileus being thinner, pliant, elastic, most frequently irregular and excentric, for the most part flex- uous, at first convex (not umbilicate), then rather plane, the surface very smooth, but unpolished and wrinkled in a peculiar manner ; and in the gills being adnate, not decurrent, very crowded, very narrow (scarcely 2 mm., i lin. broad), always straight and horizontal, not arcuate or extended upwards, soon straw-colozir. The flesh is very milky, but the gills are sparingly so. In woods. Haywood Forest, &c. Oct. Spores subglobose, rather irregular, 6-8 mk. C.B.P. Name — pergamenus, pergamena, parchment. From its toughness and parchment-like appearance. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 166. Hym. Eur. p. 430. Grevillea, vol. xi. /. 71. Ag. Swartz. — Krombh. t. 57. f. 1-3. Batsch f. 59. 21. L. piperatus Fr. — Pileus 10-22.5 cent- (4-9 in-) broad, white, fleshy, rigid, umbilicate when young, reflexed (margin at first involute) at the circumference, when full grown wholly in- fundibuliform, for the most part regular, even, smooth, zoneless ; flesh white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) thick, solid, obese, equal or obconical, even, obsoletely pruinose, white. Gills decurrent, crowded, narrow, scarcely broader than 2 mm. (i lin.), obtuse at the edge, dichotomous, arcuate then all extended upwards in a straight line, white, here and there with yellow spots. Milk white, unchangeable, plentiful and very acrid. Compact, firm, dry, inodorous. The pileus becomes obsoletely yellow when old. Although the gills are spotted with yellow, they do not change to straw- colour like those of L. pergamenus. In mixed wood. Common. Aug.-Oct. When bruised changing to umber. M.J.B. Said to be edible, but very acrid. Spores not echinulate, generally with an apiculus, 5x6 mk. VV.G.S. Name — piper, pepper. From the acrid taste. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 166. Hym. Eur. p. 430. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 27. Berk. Out. p. 205. C. Hbk. n. 598. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 563. Ag. Scop. — Fl. Dan. t. 1132. Barla t. 22. /. 1-5. Harz. t. 39. Krombh. t. 56. f. 1-4. Bull. t. 200. Paul. t. 68. f. 3-4. 22. L. vellereus Fr. — Pileus 12.5-17.5 cent. (5-7 in.) broad, white, fleshy, compact, convexo-saucer-sliaped, the margin for a long time sloping downwards, innato-pubescent, dry, zoneless. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2.5-4 cent. (i-i)4 in.) thick, stout, solid, equal, covered over with innate, very thin pubescence. Gills arcuate, adnato-decurrent, rather thick, acute at the edge, some- LACTARIUS. 103 what distant, rather broad (4 mm., 2 lin. and more), connected by branches (but not dichotomous), pallid, watery white. Milk white, scanty, very bitter. Large, hard, rigid. The pileus tends to become pallid reddish-tan. Very much allied to L. piperatus. On being broken it sometimes changes to pallid sulphur-yellow, but after a time becomes white again. Easily confounded with Russula, delica. In woods. Common. Sept-Dec. Spores hardly echinulate, 4 x 8 mk. IV. G.S. Name — vellus, fleece. From the pubescence. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 167. Hym. Eur. p. 430. Berk. Out. p. 206. C. Hbk. n. 599. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 565. Hussey \. t. 63. Ag. Klotsch Fl. Bor. t. 469. Bar la t. 22.. f. 6-8. Krombh. t. 57. /. 10-13. Sow. t. 104. 23. L. exsuccus Smith. — Pileus clothed with adpressed down, fleshy, depressed, with an involute margin. Stem very short, white, clothed with adpressed down. Gills decurrent, con- nected by veins, and forked, white, shaded with verdigris. Whole plant rigid and brittle, milkless. In woods. Uncommon. Considered by some to be a var. of L. vellerezts. It must be regarded as a distinct species, but I retain it among Lactarii only in deference to the opinion of others. Spores covered with spines, almost globular, 9 mk. W. G.S. Name — ex, succus, juice; juiceless. Sm.Journ.Bot. 1873,^.336. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 566. L. vellereus var. exsuccus. Fr. Hym. Eicr. p. 430. Berk. Out. p. 206. C. Hbk. n. 599. Ag. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. /. 31. 24. L. scoticus B. £ Br.— Pileus depressed-tomentose then smooth, the involute margin tomentose ; flesh firm. Stem somewhat unequal, smooth, somewhat flesh-colour. Gills thin, scarcely branched. Milk persistently white, acrid. Odour pungent. Among moss. Aboyne. 1862. Name — Scottish. B. 6^ Br. n. 1783. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 564. TRIBE II. — DAPETES. Milk at first deeply coloured, Qr^c. 25. L. deliciOSUS Fr.— Pileus 5-15 cent. (2-6 in.) broad, orange- brick-colour, becoming pale, fleshy, when quite young depressed in the centre, margin naked, involute, then piano-depressed or broadly infundibuliform with the margin unfolded, smooth, slightly viscid, zoned (zones sometimes obsolete) ; flesh soft, not compact, pallid, coloured at the circumference only by the juice. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (r~2 mO and more long, about 2.5 104 AGARICINI. Lactarius. cent, (i in.) thick, stuffed then hollow, at length fragile, equal or attenuated at the base, spotted in a pitted manner, of the same colour as the pileus or paler. Gills somewhat decurrent, crowded, narrow, arcuate, often branched, typically saffron- yellow, but becoming pale and always becoming green when wounded. Milk aromatic, from the first red brick-saffron. The pileus becomes pale in various degrees, often greenish ; it occurs also cinereous, fuscous-zoned, &c. In woods, chiefly pine. Common in some localities. July- Nov. Edible ; when young and fresh one of the most delicious of fungi, and from its orange-coloured milk it cannot be mistaken for any other. Spores white. , Fr. ; sphaeroid, echinulate, 7-8 mk. K. ; 6 mk. W. G.S. Name — from its delicious flavour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 168. Hym. Eur. p. 431. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 6. Berk. Out. p. 206. C. Hbk. n. 600. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 567. Husseyi. t. 67. Ag. Schceff. t. ii. Fl. Dan. t. 1751. Sv. Bot. t. 173. Letell. t. 632. Viv. t. 13. Barla t. 19. Vittad. t. 42. Krombh. t. u. Harz. t. 10. TRIBE III. — RUSSULARES. * Piletts at the first viscous. 26. L. pallidus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad, flesh- colour or clay-colour to pallid, somewhat tan, fleshy, umbilicato- convex, depressed, obtuse, margin broadly and for a long time involute, smooth, viscous, zoneless ; flesh pallid. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, about 18 mm. (^ in.) thick, somewhat equal, stuffed then hollow, even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills somewhat decurrent, arcuate, rather broad (3-4 mm., i>2-2 lin- and more), somewhat thin, crowded, some- what branched, whitish at length of the same colour as the pileus. Milk white, unchangeable. Taste somewhat mild. Stature that of L. deliciosus, but more lax in texture and always pallid. There is a var. with the pileus inclining to fuscous. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores echinulate, almost round, 8 mk. W.G.S. Name — from the pallid colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 169. Hym. Eur. p. 431. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 61. Berk. Out. p. 207. C. Hbk. n. 601. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 568. Ag. Pers.— Krombh. t. 56. f. 10-12? 27. L. quietus Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, fleshy, de- pressed, obtuse, margin deflexed, smooth, at the first viscid, somewhat cinnamon, flesh-colour, disc darker, somewhat zoned, soon dry, somewhat silky, opaque, becoming pale; flesh white then rufescent. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long-, 12 mm. (% in.) and more thick, stuffed, spongy, smooth, rufescent, at length LACTARIUS. 105 beautifully rubiginous. Gills adnato-decurrent, somewhat forked Lactarius. at the base, 3-4 mm. (i/4-2 lin.) broad, white then soon brick- rufescent. Milk white, unchangeable, sweet. Abounding in milk. Soft, not so obese and fleshy as L. pallidus. The pileus is sometimes of one colour, rufescent. In woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Margin of pileus delicately downy. Stem bearing strong pressure without breaking, when old less firm. Odour oily, and somewhat like that of bugs. M.J.B. Spores papillose, 8x5 mk. W.G.S. ; spherical, echinulate, n mk. Q. Name — quietus, mild. From the taste. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 169. Hym. Eur. p. 431. Berk. Out. p. 207. C. Hbk. n. 602. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 569. L. pallidus Satind. & Sm. t. 16. Ag. Krombh. t. 40. /. 5-7. 28. L. theiogalus Fr.— Pileus 4-6 cent. (il/2-^A in.) broad, rufous-tawny, fleshy, thin, convex when young, then depressed, at length infundibuliform in the centre, margin more or less thin, rather broadly deflected, even, smooth, viscous, shining when dry, zoneless j flesh whitish. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in<) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal, even, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnato-decurrent, about 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, thin, crowded, pallid then rufescent. Milk white the?i sulphur-yellow. Slowly acrid, inodorous. Var. B. pileus zoneless, dry, gills becoming intensely yellow. Bolt. t. 9. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Name — Oeiov, brimstone ; yd\a, milk. From the sulphur-yellow milk. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 170. Hym. Eur. p. 432. Berk. Out. p. 206. C. Hbk. n. 603. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 570. Ag. Bull. t. 567. f. 2. Krombh. t. i.f. 23, 24. Barla t. 20. f. 14-16. Paul. t. 71. • 29. L. vietus Fr. — Pileus 4-6 cent. (il/2--2% in.) broad, flesh- colour or livid-grey, becoming pale, somewhat papillate becoming plane, then umbilicate, at length somewhat infundibuliform, margin somewhat deflexed, even, smooth, at the first viscid, opaque, slightly silky when dry ; flesh whitish. Stem 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, attenuated upwards or somewhat equal, stuffed then hollow, even, smooth, dry, somewhat of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, somewhat crowded, somewhat flaccid, scarcely broader than 2 mm. (i lin.), whitish. Milk white then somewhat grey. Small, thin, soft, fragile, changeable in form. Slowly acrid, odour weak, somewhat pungent. The gills become at length yellowish. In grassy woods. Stoke Poges. Glamis. Oct. Name — vietus, shrunken, withered. From its appearance. Fr. Monogr. 106 AGARICINI. Lactarius. ii. p. 171. Hym. Eur. p. 432. Icon. t. 170. B. dr5 Br. n. 1672. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 217. 30. L. cyathula Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 inO broad, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, umbonate, at length piano-depressed, umbo often vanishing, viscid in wet weather, soon dry, always very opaque, when in full vigour even, rufescent-brick or flesh colour, somewhat zoned, when dry becoming pale, livid or flesh-clay- colour, hoary -tan, rimoso-rivulose; flesh white- flesh- colour. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2-10 mm. (1-5 lin.) thick, stuffed, internally spongy-soft, equal, round, even, smooth, pale, at length whitish. Gills decurrent, very crowded, thin, scarcely reaching 2 mm. (i lin.) in breadth, linear, white-flesh-colour then yellowish. Milk white, unchangeable^ acrid. Growing in troops, for the most part very thin and very small, but larger, firmer, and darker specimens occur. Allied to L. vietus, but remarkable for its stature, thinness, and mode of growth ; easily distinguished by the white milk being zinchangeable when the gills are wounded, by its having at the first scarcely any odour, but a strong smell of bugs when withering or half- dried. It varies with the pileus zoneless, not umbonate. In woods. Rare. Aboyne, &c. Aug.-Nov. Name — cyathula, a little cup. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 172. Hym. Eur. p. 433. B. ir1 Br. n. 1016. C. Hbk. n. 604. .S. hlycol. Scot. n. 571. ** Pileus unpolished, squamulose, 31. L. rufus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, bay- brown-rufous, fleshy, umbonate when young, soon depressed with an umbo, and at length infundibuliform, wholly zoneless, dry, at the first Jlocculoso-silky, but soon polished, smooth, somewhat shining, margin involute when young, somewhat whitish-tome?i- tose; flesh not compact, pallid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 12 mm. (yz in.) thick, stuffed, somewhat fragile, equal, obsoletely pruinate or wholly smooth, rufescent, but paler than the pileus, white -pubescent at the base. Gills adnato - decurrent, crowded, about 3 mm. (i% lin.) broad, quaternate, scarcely branched, ochraceous or pallid then rufescent. Milk white, unchangeable. Odour none. Taste -very acrid, stinging. The colour of the pileus when older or dried passes into cinnamon-rufous. There is a smaller var. which must be carefully distinguished from L. subdulcis ; very bitter. In pine woods. Common. June-Nov. The umbo is remarkably persistent and, distinct even when most deeply infundibuliform. Very poisonous. Spores globose, white. Fr. ; subsphasroid, 8 mk. K. ; scarcely echinulate, almost round, 5 mk. W.G.S. Name — rufus, LACTARIUS. 107 red. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 173. Hym. Eur. p. 433. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. n. Berk. Lactarius. Out. p. 208. C. Hbk. 11. 605. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 572. Hussey i. t. 15. Ag. Scop. — Krombh. t. 39. f. 12-15. — Paul. t. 22 bis. 32. L. helvus Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, pale yellowish-brick-colour, becoming pale, fleshy, fragile, at first con- vex, then flattened, somewhat unibonate, the surface wholly broken up into granuloso-squamiiloseflocci; flesh soft, of the same colour as the pileus but paler. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (l/2 in.) and more thick, stuffed, or stuffed then hollow, moder- ately firm but soft, equal, brick-colour inclining to pale, every- where slightly pruinate, and somewhat tomentose at the base. Gills decurrent, crowded, in groups of 8, often dichotomous, 2-3 mm. (i-i>£ Hn.) broad, fragile, at first whitish, then some- what flesh-colour, at length yellowish. Milk scanty, somewhat acrid, white. Odour weak, sweetish ; taste commonly mild. It occurs most frequently in marshes with watery juice, not coloured. Very much allied to L. rufus. In fir wood. Grantown, Morayshire. Aug. Spores sphaeroid, echinulate, 6-7 mk. K. Na.me—belvus, pale yellowish ; dun -colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 174. Hym. Eur. p. 433. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. i88i,/. 36. Ag. Krombh. t. 40. /. 17, 18. 33. L. mammosus Fr. — Pileus grey-fuscous, truly fleshy, at the first convex, actitely umbonate, depressed on the umbo at length vanishing, soft, everywhere clothed with depressed down, dry, zoneless, the margin involute, white-pubescent. Stem moder- ately short and thick, stuffed then hollow, firm, pubescent, white inclining- to pale. Gills adnate, crowded, whitish, then pallid ferruginous. Milk white, slowly acrid. Small, firm, inodorous. In woods. Holme Lacy, 1879. Name — mamma, a breast. Breast-shaped. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 174. Hym. Eur. p. 434. Icon. t. 170. f. 2. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 98. Quelet t. n./. 6. 34. L. glyciosmus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, grey, brick-colour, fuscous, most frequently passing into violet, zone- less, convex becoming rather plane, acutely papillate, then de- pressed, the papilla vanishing, delicately innato-squamulose or unpolished, opaque ; flesh white, acquiring at last a slight tinge of the external colour. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (:~2 m>) l°ng» 4~% mm- (2-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, somewhat equal, even, pubescent, light yellowish, becoming tawny when bruised, sometimes somewhat silvery-whitish, especially at the apex. Gills arcuate becoming 108 AGARICINI. Lactarius. rather plane, adnato-decurrent, 1-2 mm. (/4-i lin.) broad, thin, often connected by branches, crowded, straw-colour, becoming in the end tawny-flesh-colour or somewhat ochraceous. Milk white, somewhat mild, at length acrid. Strong-smelling, with a sweet-spirituous pungent odour, which distinguishes it from all others ; rigid, fragile, variable in stature, resembling L. vietus, but sufficiently distinguished from it by the pileus being absolutely dry, and by the gills being very crowded, straw - colour - ochraceous, and not spotted when wounded. The milk is sometimes unchangeable, sometimes becoming bright straw-colour-green when dried on the broken flesh, but it does not change colour on the gills. Var. stem elongated, hollow ; pileus at first silky, even ; also umbilicate, repand, zoned. In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Spores sphaeroid, echinulate, 6-8 mk. K. Name — --yAv'/cv?, sweet ; 6cr/x^, smell. Sweet-scented. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 175. Hym. Eur. p. 434. Icon, t. 170. /. 3. Berk. Out. p. 209. C. Hbk. n. 606. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 573. Ag. Krombh. t. 39. f. 16-18? 35. L. fuliginosus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad, fleshy, spongy-compact, at length softer, becoming plane, some- what repand, not rarely uneven, margin at first inflexed, but very soon spreading, flexuous, somewhat erect; depressed, very dry, at first even, tan-whitish, zoneless, sprinkled with innate, fuligi- nous pruina, somewhat velvety to the touch, rather hard, some- what slippery when wetted, at le?igth naked, pelliculose, now and then somewhat rugulose, soapy-livid, fawn-brick-colour, the disc sometimes at last brown ; flesh almost equally attenuated towards the margin of the pileus, moderately thick in the centre. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (1^-3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, spongy- stuffed, somewhat equal, even or at length obsoletely rugulose, smooth, dead white to shining white then dingy, tan, somewhat rufescent-brick-colour, fuliginous. Gills at the first rounded- adfixed, soon decurrent, 2-6 mm. (1-3 lin.) broad, somewhat thin, somewhat distant, white at length light yellow-ochraceous, con- nected by branches and veins, the intermediate ones at length crisped. Milk and flesh when broken white, soo?i rose-colour, at length saffron-yellow. Taste mild, soon acrid, again after a time, and when old, mild, pleasant. Odour weak, somewhat nauseous, somewhat pungent. Slightly firm, so?ne- what elastic ; when full grown and seen from above somewhat resembling A. (Clitocybe] clavipes. The milk sometimes remains white ; it occurs also thin and watery. In woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. The colour of the pileus is exactly that of coffee and milk. M.J.B. The change of colour in milk and flesh is remarkable. Spores yellowish. Fr. ; sphasroid, echinulate, uniguttate, 6-10 mk. K. ; almost globular, 7 nik. LACTARIUS. 1V.G.S. Name — fuligo, soot. From the smoky colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. Lactarius. 178. Hym. Eur. p. 434. Berk. Out. p. 209. C. Hbk. n. 608. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 574. Ag. Krombh. t. 14. f. 10-12. Barla t. 21. f. 6, 7. Harz. t. 19. Bull. *• 567./ 3- 36. L. picinus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, umber or blackish-umber, zoneless, fleshy, convex becoming plane, umbo- nate, orbicular, dry, even, at first everywhere villous, somewhat velvety (the down innate, not depressed or silky) then when the disc has become smooth wholly continuous on the surface (not rivuloso-flocculose or squamulose) ; flesh firm, but not very thick, pallid. .Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, comparatively thin, scarcely more than 12 mm. (%. in.) thick, stuffed, internally spongy, equal, even, smooth, paler than the pileus. Gills adnate, thin, very crowded, straight, plane, ochraceous. Milk white, un- changeable, acrid. Very distinguished, rigid, regular. In pine woods. Foxley, Hereford. Rothiemurchus. Sept.-Oct. Spores round, ochraceous. Fr. ; sphaeroid, echinulate, 5-6 mk. C.B.P. Name — picinus, pitch-black. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 176. Hym. Eur. p. 435. GreviUea, vol. viii./. no. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 74. Ag. Krombh. t. 40. f. 20-22 (f. 19 rather L. acris). 37. L. lilacinus Lasch. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, rosy-lilac, becoming pale, zoneless, fleshy, thin, convex then depressed, papillate, floccose when dry, granular. Stem stuffed then hollow, white-mealy, pallid. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, pallid flesh- colour. Milk white, acrid. Fragile. Milk plentiful. In woods. Hawthornden. Sept. Spores sphaeroid or sphseroid-ellipsoid, echinulate, uniguttate, 7-10 mk. K. Name — from the lilac colour. Lasch. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 435. Grevil- lea, vol. viii. p. 98. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 74. Pileus polished, smooth. 38. L. volemus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, rufous-tawny, golden, becoming pale, zoneless, compact, rigid, obtuse, plano-convex, with the margin at the first bent inwards, at length depressed, even, at length rimoso-rivulose, dry. Stem 5-6 cent. (2-2 X in.) long, 18 mm.~3 cent, (^-i^in.) thick, obese, hard, solid, somewhat equal or attenuated upwards, even., priti- nose, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnato-decurrent, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, thin, crowded, white to yellowish. Milk white, sweet, plentiful. 110 AGARICINI. Lactarius. The largest and most robust of the RussularicB. The milk sometimes becomes yellow. Wounds on the gills become dingy. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Stem sculptured longitudinally. M.J.B. Edible, delicious; savoury even when raw. Name — volema pira, a kind of large pear. From the shape. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 178. Hym. Eur. p. 435. Sv. atl. Sv. t. 10. Berk. Out. p. 207. C. Hbk. n. 609. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 575. Hussey i. t. 87. Ag. Ventur. t. 34. /. 1-3. Letell. t. 624. Fl. Bat. t. 874. Krombh. t. 39. /. 1-4. 39. L. ichoratus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, tawny- brick-colour, disc often brown, brick-colour and zoned, fleshy, thin, at first rigid, then softer, obtuse, piano-depressed, often unequal, excentric, occasionally repand, even (not pruinate), very dry, opaque; flesh pallid. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (i/4~3 in-) I011?) 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, solid, at first hard, then softer, inter- nally spongy, equal or fusiform downwards, even, smooth, at first tawny, then rufescent. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, scarcely crowded, white then ochraceous, never spotted. Milk white, unchangeable, sweet. Allied to L. volemus, but thinner, -very compact -whenyoiing, then softer, strong-smelling. The stem is not so obese as that of L. volemus. In woods. Hereford. Oct. Name — ix^P. lymph. From the colour of the milk. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 179. Hym. Eur. p. 436. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 98. Ag. Batschf. 60. 40. L. serifluus Fr.— Pileus brown-tawny, zoneless, fleshy, plane then depressed, somewhat flexuous, dry, smooth, margin inflexed. Stem solid, yellowish, paler than the pileus, somewhat incurved. Gills crowded, of the same colour as the stem. Milk scanty, somewhat insipid, of the colour of serum. In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad. It must be carefully distinguished from L. camphoratus to which it is similar in appearance and in the nature of the milk. The scent of L. camphoratus distinguishes it. Name — serum, whey; fluo, to flow. From the nature of the milk. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 436. Berk. Out. p. 207. /. 13. f. 4. C. Hbk. n. 607. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 576. Ag. Krombh. t. 40. f. 15, 16. 41. L. mitissimus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, golden -tawny, zoneless, fleshy, thin, somewhat rigid, convex, papillate, depressed, papilla vanishing, even, smooth, somewhat slippery when moist; flesh pallid. Stem elongated, 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 8-12 mm. (y£-}4 m-) thick, stuffed then hollow, even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnato- decurrent, somewhat arcuate, then tense and straight, 2-3 mm. LACTARIUS. Ill (i-i>2 lin.) and more broad, thin, crowded, a little paler than the Lactarius. pileus, most frequently stained with minute rufous spots. Milk white, mild, plentiful. Thin ; very much allied to L. subdtilcis, but distinguished by the taste being mild then somewhat bitterish, and especially by the bright, golden-tawny, resplendent colour of the pileus and stem. In mixed and pine woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores sphaeroid, echinulate, 6-7 mk. C.B.P. Name — mitis, mild. Very mild in taste. Fr. Alonogr. ii. p. 180. Hym. Eur. p. 437. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 78. Berk. Out. p. 208. C. Hbk. n. 610. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 577. Hoffm. Ic. t. 2. Ag. Krombh. t. 39. /. 19-20. 42. L. subdulcis Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, rufes- cent, zoneless, fleshy, thin, papillate, at length depressed, even, smooth, dry. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal, somewhat pruinate, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnate, crowded, paler. Milk somewhat mild, white. Inodorous. Slightly rigid. The colour is variable, rufous-cinnamon, bay- brown-rufous, «Scc., but not becoming pale. Flesh rufescent, compact although thin. Gills sometimes dark ferruginous-rufous, sometimes paler. All the forms agree in the slender growth, in ti\e pileus being even, smooth, dry, zoneless, and, as well as the equal stem, rufescent, in the gills being somewhat rigid, crowded, somewhat rufescent, in the taste being somewhat mild, and in the milk being white, unchangeable. In woods, mixed and pine. Common. July-Nov. The substance of the stem is looser than in L. quietus. M.J.B. Spores between papillose and echinulate, 7 mk. W.G.S. Name — sub, and dulcis, sweet. Somewhat sweet in taste. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 180. Hym. Eur. p. 437. Berk. Out. p. 208. C. Hbk. n. 611. -5. Mycol. Scot. n. 578. Ag. Bull. t. 227. Sow. t. 204. Bolt. t. 3. Harz. t. 53. ~Barla t. 20. f. 4-10. Quel. t. u. f. 3. Lenz. f. ii. 43. L. Terrei B. & Br. — Pileus 12 mm. (Y2 in.) broad, bay- brown, corrugated, depressed. Stem 18 mm.-2.5 cent. (2^-1 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, thickened at the base, of the same colour as the pileus, with orange down. Gills decurrent, pallid. Caespitose. Odour sweet. Allied to L. subdulcis. On the ground. Stoke Poges, 1876. Nov. Name — after Michael Terry. B. & Br. n. 1673. 44. L. camphoratus Fr. — Pileus $;'0w;z-brick-red, somewhat zoned, fleshy, thin, depressed, dry, smooth. Stem stuffed, some- what undulated, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnate, crowded, yellowish-brick-colour. Milk mild, white. 112 AGARICINI. Lactarius. Strong-smelling. So like L. subdulcis, that it can be distinguished safely only by its odour of Melilot when dried. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Pileus about 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad. Stem short. The pileus is some- times quite zoneless. The milk is scarcely white as described by Fries, rather pale watery like that of L. serifluus. The unmistakable odour is slight when the plant is fresh, but very strong when dried, nor does it lose its scent with years. The milk, as well as the scent, distinguishes it from L. subdulcis. Spores spherical, echinulate, 6-7 mk. Q. Name — camphorated, strong- scented. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 437. Berk. Out. p. 208. C. Hbk. n. 612. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 579. Quel. t. IT./". 5. Ag. Biill. t. 567. f. i. Ventur. t. 55. f. 3. Barla t. 20. f. 11-13. Krombh. t. 39. f. 21-24. 45. L. obnubilus Lasch. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, brown-fuliginous, zoneless, fleshy, thin, convex then umbilicate, smooth, somewhat striate. Stem stuffed then hollow, thin, paler than the pileus. Gills somewhat crowded, yellowish. Milk white, somewhat sweet. Small, fragile ; pileus at first papillate ; varying in colour like L. subdulcis, of which it was commonly taken to be a subspecies. Iii damp places below alder and in pastures. Greeshop, Morayshire. Glamis. Sept.-Nov. Name — obnubilo, to overcloud, obscure. Dark. Lasch Linn. n. 71. under Agaricus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 438. B. & Br. n. 1784. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 580. A. obscuratus Lasch. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 181. Ag. Fl. Dan. t. 1674. Compare Ag. tristis Krombh. t. 40. f. 26-29. 46. L. minimus Smith. — Pileus #-# in. broad, pallid day- colour, fleshy, pulvinate, rounded or slightly umbonate, margin incurved. Stem very short, generally excentric, of the same colour as the gills. Gills somewhat decurrent, arcuate, branched, moderately distant. Milk abundant, white, mild. Very small. In pastures. Abergavenny, 1871. Forres. Oct. Spores echinulate, 8 mk. Name — smallest in size. Smith Journ. Bot. 1873, /. 205. B. dr" Br. n. 1557. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 581. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 438. TRIBE IV. — PLEUROPUS. No British species. RUSSULA. GENUS X. — Russula (russulus, reddish). Pers. Fr. Epicr. i. p. 349. Veil none. Hymenophore descending unchanged and forming a vesicular trama. Gills rigid, fragile and not milky, acute at the edge. Spores rounded, often echinulate, white or yellowish. Growing on the ground, fleshy, putrescent, with polished stein, and pileus at the first or at length de- pressed. The Russulae constitute a very natural group, allied to the Lactarii, but very easily distinguished from them by their want of milk. Vari- ous Russulae however exude watery drops, especially in rainy weather. The gills of most of them are equal in length or furcate, but in the tribe of the Compacts they are quite un- equal. The species are for the most part striking in appearance : the Fragiles, the most common tribe, are difficult to determine on account of the variations of their colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 439. The most protean species is R. integra. Fries warns beginners to beware of making out new species in the neighbourhood of this, and of ascribing forms of it to truly distinct species which are of comparatively rare occurrence. On account of the danger of mistaking noxious species for the few which are edible, their use as food is not to be commended. I. COMPACTS (compingo, to put together : compact). Pileus fleshy throughout, hence the margin is at first bent inwards and always without striae, without a distinct viscous pellicle (in consequence of which the colour is not variable, but only changes with age and the state of the atmosphere). Flesh compact, firm. Stem solid, fleshy. Gills unequal. II. FURCATE (furca, a fork. With forced gills). Pileus compact, firm, covered with a thin, closely adnate pellicle, which at length disappears, margin abruptly thin, at first inflexed, then spreading, acitte, even. Stem at first compact, at length spongy-soft within. Gills somewhat forked, with a few shorter ones intermixed, commonly attenuated at both ends, thin and normally narrow. Russula. L. Russula aurata. One-fourth natural size. III. RIGID^E (rigidus, rigid). Pileus without a viscid pellicle, absolutely dry, rigid, the cuticle commonly breaking up into flocci or granules. Flesh thick, compact, firm, vanishing away short of the margin which is straight (never involute), soon spreading, and always without strice. Stem solid, at VOL. II. H 114 AGARICINI. Russula. first hard, then softer and spongy. Gills, a few dimidiate, others divided, rigid, dilated in front, and running out with a very broad rounded apex, whence the margin of the pileus becomes obtuse and is not inflexed. Exceed- ingly handsome, but rather rare. IV. HETEROPHYLL^: (R. heterophylla, the typical species of the section). Pileus fleshy, firm, with a thin margin which is at first inflexed, then expanded and striate, covered with a thin adnate pellicle. The gills consist of many shorter ones mixed with longer ones, along with others which are forked. Stem solid, stout, spongy within. V. FRAGILES (fragilis, fragile or brittle). Pileus more or less fleshy, rigid- fragile, covered with a pellicle which is always continuous, and in wet weather viscid and somewhat separable ; margin membranaceous, at first convergent and not involute, in full-grown plants commonly sulcate and tubercular. Flesh commonly floccose, lax, friable. Stem spongy, at length wholly soft and hollow. Gills almost all equal, simple, broadening in front, free in the pileus when closed. Several doubtful forms occur. J?. integra is specially fallacious from the variety of its colours. * Gills and spores white. ** Gills and spores white, then light yellowish or bright lemon-yellow. *** Gills and spores ochraceous. I. — COMPACTS. 1. R. nigricans Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) and more broad, olivaceous-fuliginous, at length black, fleshy to the margin which is at first bent inwards, convex then flattened, umbilicato- depresssed, when young and moist slightly viscid and even (without a separable pellicle), at length rimoso-squamulose ; flesh firm, white, when broken becoming red on exposure to the air. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, persistently solid, equal, pallid when young, at length black. Gills rounded behind, slightly adnexed, thick, distant, unequal, paler, reddening when touched. Compact, obese, inodorous, within and without at length wholly black, in which it differs from all others. The flesh becomes red when broken because it is saturated with red juice, although it does not exude milk. Sometimes a very few of the gills are dimidiate. In woods. Common. June.-Nov. Spores papillose, 8 mk. W.G.S. Coarse in habit. Name — nigrico, to be blackish. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 184. Hym. Eur. p. 439. Berk. Out. p. 209. C. Hbk. n. 613. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 582. Hussey i. /. 73. Ag. Bull. t. 579. f. 2, t. 212. Krombh. t. 70. f. 14, 15. Barla t. 17. Sow. t. 36. 2. R. adusta Fr. — Pileus pallid or whitish, cinereous-fuliginous, equally fleshy, compact, depressed then somewhat infundibuli- form, margin at first inflexed, smooth, then erect, without stride ; flesh unchangeable. Stem solid, obese, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnate then decurrent, thin, crowded, unequal, white then dingy, not reddening when touched. It can only be compared with R. nigricans, but is sufficiently distinct ; RUSSULA. 115 stature commonly smaller, flesh juiceless, not reddening, £c. The pileus does Russula. not become black, but only of a scorched appearance. In woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Well distinguished by its comparatively thin, crowded gills, &c. M.J.B. Spores spheroid, echinulate, 7-9 mk. K. ; globose, rough, 8 mk. C.B.P. Name — aduro, to scorch. From its scorched appearance. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 184. Hym. JSur. p. 439. Berk. Out. p. 209. C. Hbk. n. 614. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 583. Ag. Pers. — Krombh. t. 70. f. 7-11. Baft. t. 13. 3. R. semicrema Fr. — Pileus persistently white, compactly fleshy, convex then plane, even, smooth, dry, disc umbilicate, margin at first involute, always even; flesh juiceless, white, un- changeable. Stem sometimes curt, sometimes 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, almost 5 cent. (2 in.) thick, fleshy, solid, firm, white, but when broken becoming cinereous internally, and at length becoming black. Gills decurrent, crowded, thin, persistently white. Odour none, taste mild. Intermediate between R. adusta and R. delica, but easily distinguished from both. In mixed woods. Glamis. Aug. Name — semi, half; ere mo, to burn. From the blackening stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 185. Hym. Eur. p. 440. Icon. t. 172. f. i. B. &* Br. n. 1674. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 584. 4. R. delica Fr. White. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, fleshy throughout, firm, umbilicate then infundibuliform, regular, everywhere even, smooth with a 'whitish lustre, the involute margin without striae ; flesh firm, juiceless, not very thick, white. Stem curt, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 12 mm. (yz in.) and more thick, solid, even, smooth, white. Gills decurrent, thin, distant, very unequal, white, exuding small watery drops in wet weather. The stature and unchangeable colours are wholly those of L. vellereus and L. piperatus, but it is readily distinguished by the gills being juiceless, though they exude watery drops when young. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — delicus, weaned ; without juice or milk in the gills, as distinguished from L. vellereus, &c. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 185. Hym. Eur. p. 440. Berk. Out. p. 210. C. Hbk. n. 615. .S'. Mycol. Scot. n. 585. Vent. t. 48. f. 3, 4. Batt. t. 17. A. Paul. t. 73. /. i. 5. R. elephantina Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, fuscous- tan, paler round the margin, but not changeable, equally fleshy, firm, at first convexo-umbilicate ; margin bent inwards, smooth, undulated, and almost exceeding the gills, but never striate, covered with a pellicle which is not separable ; flesh equal, Il6 AGARICINI. Russula. compact, but comparatively thin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, obese, very hard, even, smooth, externally and internally shining white. Gills obtuse or some- what sinuato-adnate, arcuate, somewhat crowded, thin, divided behind, unequal in front, white, spotted pale yellowish when touched. Habit that of JR. fattens, but inodorous. In woods. Stoke Poges. Sept. Name — elephanfinus, of ivory. From the white ivory-like stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 186. Hym. Eur. p. 440. B. & Br. n. 1785 — not Bolt. II. — FURCATVE. 6. R. furcata Fr. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, some- times asruginous-greenish, sometimes umber-greenish, fleshy, compact, gibbous then piano-depressed or infundibuliform, even, smooth, but often sprinkled with slightly silky lustre, pellicle here and there separable, margin thin, at first inflexed, then spreading, always even; flesh firm, somewhat cheesy, white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more long, solid, firm, equal or attenuated downwards, even, white. Gills adnato - decurrent, rather thick, somewhat distant but broad, attenuated at both ends, frequently forked, shining white. Taste bitterish. The structure is that of R. sanguinea or rubra, not of R. virescens, with which it agrees in colour, but from which it differs in the form of the pileus, in the acute and at first inflexed margin, in the pellicle being separable and not dividing into warts, and in the entire type of the gills. In woods. Common. Sept. Poisonous. Spores globose, echinulate, 6-7 ink. C.B.P. Name—furca, a fork. With forked gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 187. Hym. Enr. p. 441. Berk. Out. p. 210. C. Hbk. n. 616. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 586. Ag. Pers.—Krombh. t. 62. / i, 2, /. 69. /. 18-22. Bull. t. 26. Schceff. t. 94. /. i. Barla t. 16. / 1-9. Harz. t. 54, /. 63.7. 5. Paul. t. 74. /. i. Buxb. C. v. /. 47.7. 2. 7. K. sanguinea Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, blood- red or becoming pale round the even, spreading, acute margin, fleshy, firm, at first convex, obtuse, then depressed and infundi- buliform and commonly gibbous in the centre, polished, even, moist in damp weather; flesh firm, cheesy, white. Stem stout, spongy- stuffed, at first contracted at the apex, then equal, slightly striate, white or reddish. Gills at first adnate, then truly decurrent, very crowded, very narrow, connected by veins, fragile, somewhat forked, shining white. Taste acrid, peppery. Often confounded with R. riibra, which is of the RUSSULA. 117 same colour, but entirely different from it in the firm solid flesh, in the gills Kussula. being adnate, then deeply decurrent, and acuminate in front. In woods, chiefly fir. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Poisonous. Name— sangiiis, blood. Blood-coloured. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 188. Hym. Eur. p. 442. Berk. Out. p. 210. C. Hbk. n. 617. 8. Mycol. Scot. n. 587. Ag. Bull. t. 42. 8. R. rosacea Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, somewhat flesh-coloured varying in intensity, becoming whitish when the pellicle disappears, often variegated with darker spots 'when dry, compactly fleshy, at first convex, then expanded, obtuse, com- monly unequal, repand, even incised, covered with a pellicle which is viscid and separable in wet weather, margin acute, even; flesh firm, cheesy, white. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, solid, firm, at length spongy internally, even, smooth, occasionally ven- tricose, white or reddish. Gills in every stage of growth adnate, thin, crowded, fragile, forked behind, with dimidiate ones inter- mixed, always persistently white. Taste slowly acrid. Allied to R. sanguinea but irregular, often excentric with the pileus somewhat repand, scarcely depressed, and the gills less crowded, broader, less divided, scarcely connected. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores papillose, almost globose, 7 mk. W.G.S. Name— rosa, a rose. Rose-coloured. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 188. Hym. Eur. p. 442. Berk. Out. p. 210. C. Hbk. n. 618. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 588. Ag. Bull. t. 509. / Z. 9. R. sardonia Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, reddish, &c., fleshy, compact, convex then plane, rarely depressed, but here and there repand, with an adnate pellicle which is viscid in wet weather and soon changes colour — and then often spotted, margin even. Stem 4-5 cent. (i/4-2 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, but at length spongy within, even, white or reddish. Gills adnate, crowded, broad, somewhat forked, white, exuding watery drops in wet weather, whence arise yel- lowish spots when dry. Robust, firm. The colour is very changeable, sometimes reddish, sometimes pallid with yellow spots, sometimes dingy yellow, opaque. Flesh same as in R. rosacea, &c. Intermediate between R. rosacea and R. expallens, but dis- tinct from both in the colour becoming yellow. In woods, chiefly fir. Uncommon. Sept. Name — from its acrid taste. Herba Sardonia (probably Ranunculus sceleralus], screwing the mouth with its bitterness. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 189. Hym. Eur. p. 442. Berk. Out. p. 211. C. Hbk. n. 619. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 589. Ag. Krombh. t. 68. f. i-^.—Schceff. t. i6./. 5, 6. 10. R. depallens Fr.— Pileus pallid reddish or inclining to Il8 AGARICINI. Russula. fuscous, &c., fleshy, firm, convex then plane, more rarely de- pressed, but commonly irregularly shaped and undtilated, even, the thin adnate pellicle presently changing colour especially at the disc, the spreading margin even, but slightly striate when old; flesh white. Stem about 4 cent. (i)4 in.) long, solid, firm, commonly attenuated downwards, white, becoming cinereous when old. Gills adnexed, broad, crowded, distinct, but commonly forked at the base, often with shorter ones intermixed. Inodorous, taste mild. The colour of the pileus is at first pallid reddish or inclining to fuscous, then whitish or yellowish, opaque in every stage of growth. It approaches nearest to the Heterophyllcs. In beech woods, pastures, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name — de, and. palleo, to be pale. Becoming pale. Fr. Alonogr. ii. p. 189. Hym. Eur. p. 442. Berk. Out. p. 211. C. Hbk. n. 620. S. A'lycol. Scot, n, 590. Krombh. t. 66. f. 12, 13. 11. R. drimeia Cke. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, bright purple, compact, firm, convex then depressed, scarcely viscid when moist, opaque when dry, margin somewhat incurved, even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12-18 mm. (/4.-^. in.) thick, solid, firm, cylindrical, equal, tinged with purple. Gills adnexed, scarcely crowded, narrow and furcate at the base, at first pale sulphur-yellow, then deeper yellow, never white. Acrid, peppery. Spores pale ochre. The colour and habit similar to R. Queletii, but distinguished by the yellow gills, ochraceous spores, and intensely peppery taste. On the ground among larch. Black Park, 1881, £c. Sept.- Nov. Name — Spi/xvs, pungent. Cke. in Grevillea, vol. x. p. 46. III. — RlGID^E. 12. E. lactea Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at the first milk- white, then tan-white, throughout compactly fleshy, campanulate then convex, often excentric, without a pellicle, always dry, at the first even, then slightly cracked when dry, margin straight, thin, obtuse, even ; flesh compact, white. Stem 4-5 cent, (i/4-z in.) long, 4 cent. (i}4 in.) thick, solid, very compact, but at length spongy-soft within, equal, even, always white. Gills free, very broad, tliick, distant, rigid, forked, white. Mild. The gills are at length adnate, forked at the base and apex. Care must be taken not to confound it with other Russules which have changed colour and become white. In mixed woods. Uncommon. Aug. Edible, but not commended for use. Name — lac, milk. Milk-white. Fr. RUSSULA. 119 Monogr. ii. p. 190. Hym. Eur. p. 443. B. &* Rr. 1133. C. Hbk. n. 621. Russula. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 591. Ag. Pers. — Krombh, t. 6i.f. 1-2. Barla t. 15. f. 1-13. Paul. t. 74. f. 2. 13. R. virescens Fr. — Pileus green, compactly fleshy, globose then expanded, at length depressed, often unequal, always dry, not furnished with a pellicle, wherefore the flocculose cuticle is broken up into patches or warts, margin straight, obtuse, even; flesh white, not very compact. Stem solid, internally spongy, firm, somewhat rivulose, white. Gills free, somewhat crowded, sometimes equal, sometimes forked, with a few shorter ones intermixed, white. Taste mild. It varies in size and colour of pileus, which is sometimes deep sometimes pallid green, sometimes yellowish then green. The gills are not so broad in front as those of neighbouring species. It is very easily distin- guished from all others by the green pileus being without a pellicle and innato- flocculose, then rivulose, and scaly in the form of patches. In woods. Frequent. July-Sept. Stem variable in form, slightly reticulated with raised lines. M.J.B. Pileus sometimes as much as 10 cent. (4 in.) broad. Edible. Spores scarcely echinulate, almost globular, 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — vireo, to be green. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 190. Hym. Eur. p. 443. Berk. Out. p. 212. /. 13. f. 6. C. Hbk. n. 622. .S. Mycol. Scot. n. 592. Hussey ii. /. n. Ag. Schceff. t. 94 excluding/, i. Vittad. t. 31. Sturm Deutschl. Fl. iii. 3. t. 31. Barla t. 16. f. 10-12. Ventur. t. 17. f. i, 2. Krombh. t. 67. f. i-io. 14. R. DuPortii Phill.— Pileus 4-6.5 cent. (i%-2% in.) broad, centre rufous or flesh-red, margin bluish, compact, fleshy, firm, convexo- plane, depressed, smooth, dry, margin even, obtuse. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more high, 10-16 mm. (5-8 lin.) broad, spongy-stuffed, minutely striate, glabrous, white. Gills rounded behind, broad, distant, white. The flesh turns reddish -brown when cut, and the odour is that of the common crab. In wood. Mattishall, Norfolk. Spores globose, asperate, 9 mk. W.P. Name — after Rev. J. M. Du Port. Phill. Grevillea, vol. xiii. p. 49. 15. R. lepida Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, blood-red-rose, becoming pale, whitish especially at the disc, somewhat equally fleshy, convex then expanded, scarcely depressed, obtuse, opaque, unpolished, with a silky appearance, at length often rimoso- squamulose, margin spreading, obtuse, without striae. Stem as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, often 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, even, white or rose-colour. Gills rounded behind, rather thick, somewhat crowded, often forked, connected by veins, white, often red at the edge. 120 AGARICINI. Russula. Taste mild ; svholly compact and firm, but the flesh is cheesy not somewhat grumous. The gills are often red at the edge chiefly towards the margin, on account of the margin of the pileus being continuous with the gills. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Edible. Name — lepidus, neat, elegant. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 191. Hym. Eur. p. 444. Sv. at 1. Sv. t. 59. Berk. Out. p. 212. C. Hbk. n. 623. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 593. Hussey ii. /. 32. Hogg & Johnst. t. 4. Ag. Krombh. t. 64. /. 19, 20. Batsch t. 13 (very small). 16. E. rubra Fr. — Pileus unicolorous, cinnabar-vermilion, but becoming pale (tan) when old, disc commonly darker, compact, hard but fragile, convex then flattened, here and there depressed, abso- lutely dry, 'without a pellicle, but becoming polished-even, often rivuloso-rimose when old, margin spreading, obtuse, even, always persistent; flesh white, reddish under the cuticle. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, even, vary- ing white and red. Gills obtusely aclnate, somewhat crowded, whitish, then yellowish, with dimidiate and forked ones inter- mixed. Very acrid, very hard and rigid, most distinct from all the others of this group in i\\e pileus becoming polished-even, although without a pellicle, in the flesh being somewhat grumous, and in the very acrid taste. Gills often red at the edge. In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Poisonous. Spores whitish. Fr. ; sphaeroid, 8-10 mk. K. Name — ruber, red. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 191. Hym. Eur. p. 444. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 49. Berk. Out. p. 212. C. Hbk. n. 624. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 594. Ag. Decand.—Barla t. 15.7. i-io. Krombh. t. 65. Vitt. Mang. t. 38. /. 2, not Bull. Schceff. t. 15. / 4-6. 17. R. Linnaei Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, uni- colorous, dark purple, blood-red or bright rose, opaque, not be- coming pale, everywhere fleshy, rigid, piano - depressed, some- times repand, even, smooth, dry, without a separable pellicle, margin spreading, obtuse, without striae; flesh thick, spongy- compact, white. Stem 4 cent. (\Yz in.) and more long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more thick, stout, firm, but spongy-soft within, some- what ventricose, obsoletely fibrilloso-reticulate, intensely blood- red. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, rather thick, not crowded, broad (more than 12 mm., ^ in.), fragile, sparingly connected by veins, white, becoming yellow when dry, with a few dimidiate ones intermixed, somewhat anastomosing behind. Taste mild. The habit is exactly that of R. emetica ; the substance also is floccose, but very compact, firm, and thick. The stem according to v. Post is hollow. In woods. Stoke Poges. RUSSULA. 121 Spores wholly white. /•>. ; ellipsoid -sphaeroid, echinulate, n mk. Q. Russula. Name — after Linnaeus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 192. Hym. Eur. p. 444. Icon. t. 172. /. 3. B. er3 Br. n. 1786. 18. R. xerampelina Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, rosy-purple, £c., disc becoming pale, fleshy, compact, con- vex then flattened, at length depressed, 'without a distinct pellicle, wherefore always dry, opaque, even, but when older commonly very thinly rimulose, so that the cuticle under a lens is very thinly granulated or punctate, margin spreading, without striae ; flesh compact, white inclining to yellowish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stout, firm, internally at length soft, spongy, even hollow, commonly thickened at the base, even, white or reddish. Gills adnexed, somewhat crowded, broader in front, forked behind, whitish, then yellowish. Taste mild. The colour of the pileus is changeable, commonly rosy- purple, with the disc becoming pale, yellowish-white, sometimes inclining to olivaceous. The stem is redder when moist. It approaches R. integra, but differs in the pileus not having a distinct pellicle, &c. In Scotch fir wood. Glamis, 1876. Oct. Spores dingy tan. Fr. A very distinct species. Name — fepaju.Tre'A.u'at, of the colour of dry vine-leaves. Dark rosy red. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 192. Hym. Eur. p. 445. B. & Br. n. 1675. S. My col. Scot. n. 595. Ag. Schteff. t. 214, 215. 19. R. olivacea Fr. — Pileus dingy purple then olivaceous or wholly fuscous -olivaceous, fleshy, convexo -flattened and de- pressed, slightly silky and squamulose, margin spreading, even ; flesh wliite, becoming somewhat yellow. Stem firm, ventricose, rose-colour to pallid, spongy-stuffed within. Gills adnexed, wide, yellow, with shorter and forked ones intermixed. Mild. Near to R. rubra, but certainly distinct in the stem being definitely spongy, in the pileus being unpolished, and in the gills being soft and brightly coloured ; corresponding with A*, alutacea. In woods. Slough. Spores light yellow. Fr. ; sphasroid, punctate, 10 mk. Q. Name — oliva, an olive. Olivaceous in colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 445. B. 6^ Br. n. 1562. Ag. Schczff. t. 204. Krombh. t. 68. f. 13. 20. R. cutefracta Cke. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) or more broad, green, purple, dull red, £c., fleshy, firm, dry, opaque, convex then a little depressed in the centre, cuticle cracking from the margin inwards into minute firm adnate areolse, other- wise even; flesh beneath the cuticle tinged with purple. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, often 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, firm, solid, nearly equal, or a little attenuated above, smooth, slightly tinged 122 AGARICINI. Russula. with purple. Gills somewhat crowded, narrowed behind, furcate, adnexed or nearly free, white. Mild. Allied to ^?. virescens which it resembles in the cracking of the cuticle, but differs in the purple tint beneath even in green specimens, and in the tinted stem, as well as in the colour of the pileus, which is of a darker and different shade of green, and sometimes of a deep bluish-purple, as well as of a madder-red. On the ground in woods. Epping, &c. Name — cutis, skin ; frango, to break. From the cracked cuticle. Cke. in Grevillea, vol. x. p. 46. IV. — HETEROPHYLLyE. 21. R. vesca Fr. — Pileus red-flesh-colour, disc darker, fleshy, slightly firm, piano-depressed, sliglitly wrinkled with veins, with a viscid pellicle, margin at length spreading; flesh cheesy, firm, shining white. Stem solid, compact, externally rigid, reticulated and wrinkled in a peculiar manner, often attenuated at the base, shining white. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, shining white, with many unequal and forked ones intermixed, but scarcely connected by veins. Of middle stature. Taste mild, pleasant. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Reckoned edible. Name — vesco, to feed. From its edible qualities. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. .193. Hym. Eur. p. 446. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 63. Berk. Out. p. 211. C. Hbk. n. 625. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 596. (fJusseyi. t. 89.) 22. R. cyanoxantha Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more broad, lilac or purplish then olivaceous-green, disc commonly be- coming pale often yellowish, margin commonly becoming azure- blue or livid-purple, compact, convex then plane, then depressed or infundibuliform, sometimes even, sometimes wrinkled or streaked, viscous, margin deflexed then expanded, remotely and slightly striate ; flesh firm, cheesy, white, commonly reddish be- neath the separable pellicle. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, spongy-stuffed, but firm, often cavernous within when old, equal, smooth, even, shining white. Gills rounded behind, connected by veins, not much crowded, broad, forked with shorter ones intermixed, shining white. Allied to R. vesca in its mild, pleasant taste and in other respects, but con- stantly different in the colour of the pileus, which is very variable, whereas in R. vesca it is unchangeable. The peculiar combination of colours in the pileus, though very variable, always readily distinguishes it. In mixed woods, £c. Common. Aug. -Oct. Sometimes considerably larger than Fries describes. Name — KiWos, blue ; RUSSULA. 123 £ai/0o?, yello\v. From the colours. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 194. Hym. Eur. p. Russula. 446. B. &• Br. n. 1131. C. Hbk. n. 626. 5. Mycol, Scot. n. 597. Ag. Sch&jf. t. 93. Krombh. t. 67. f. 16-19. Paul. t. 76. /. 1-3. 23. R. heterophylla Fr. — Pileus very variable in colour, but never becoming reddish or purple, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane then depressed, even, polisJied, the very thin pellicle disappearing, margin thin, even or densely but slightly striate ; flesh white. Stem solid, firm, somewhat equal, even, shining white. Gills reaching the stem in an attenuated form, very narrow, very crowded, forked and dimidiate, shining white. Taste always mild, as in R. cyanoxantha, from which it differs in its smaller stature, in the pileus being thinner, even, never reddish or purplish, with a thin closely adnate pellicle, in the stem being firm and solid, and in the gills being thin, very narrow, very crowded, &c. The apex of the stem is occasionally dilated in the form of a cup, so that the gills appear remote. In woods. Common. July-Oct. Edible, of a sweet nutty flavour. Spores echinulate, 5x7 mk. W.G.S. Name — eWpo?, ^iiAAov, a leaf. With gills of different lengths. Fr. Afonogr. ii. p. 194. Hym. Eur. p. 446. Berk. Out. p. 211. /. 13.7. 5. C. Hbk. n. 627. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 598. Hogg & Johnst. t. 9. Hussey i. t. 84. Badh. i. /. 10. /. 3 ; ii. /. 3.7 3, 4. Ag. Fl. Dan. t. 1909. / i. Paul. t. 75. / 1-5. * R. galochroa Fr. Smaller. — Pileus at the first milk-white, then greenish, rather plane, viscid in wet weather, commonly dry, even, sometimes sprinkled with white floccose spots, slightly striate at the margin. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, solid, firm, never becoming red. Gills very thin, more or less forked and unequal. The flocci at the disc in the form of spots or warts are not like those of R. virescens. Tn woods. Slough. Name — yd\a, milk ; xp^s, colour. Milk- white. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 195. Hym. Eur. p. 447. B. fir3 Br. n. 1563. Ag. Bull. t. 509.7. Z-.J/. Batt. t. xii./ E. 24. R. consobrina Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, dark cinereous or fuscous olivaceous, fleshy, fragile, campanulate then expanded, at length depressed, margin spreading, even, though membranaceous ; flesh white, cinereous under the thick, viscous, separable pellicle. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, but soft, equal, even, smooth, shining white, at length becoming cinereous. Gills at the first free, then appearing adnate when the pileus is flattened, broad, crowded, shining white, very many of them dimidiate and forked. Taste very acrid. Not foetid. Stature in general that of R. emetica, but differing in the colour of the pileus, and in the very unequal gills. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1876. Oct. 124 AGARICINI. Russula. Spores granular, 10 mk. Q. Name — consobrinus, cousin. Distantly related to neighbouring species. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 195. Hym. Eur. p. 447. B. & Br. n. 1676. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 599. * R. sororia Larbr. — Pileus convex then plane or depressed, striate, at the margin. Gills somewhat distant, connected by veins. The habit and colour are the same, but it differs by many marks. Stem white. Many of the gills dimidiate, but scarcely forked. Name— soror, a sister. From its relation to R. consobrina. In fir woods. North Wooton. Aug. Larbr. t. 19. f. 7. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 447. Icon. t. 173. f. i. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 67. 25. R. fcetens Fr. — Pileus 10-12.5 cent (4-5 in-) broad, dingy yellow, often becoming pale, thinly fleshy, at first bullate, then expanded and depressed, covered with a pellicle which is adnate, not separable, and viscid in wet weather, margin broadly membranaceous, at the first bent inwards with ribs which are at length tubercular ; flesh thin, rigid- fragile, pallid. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 1-2.5 cent. (/4.-1 in.) thick, stout, stuffed then hollow, whitish. Gills adnexed, crowded, connected by veins, with very many dimidiate and forked ones intermixed, whitish, at the first exuding watery drops. Fcetid. Taste acrid. Very rigid, most distinct from all others in its very heavy empyreiimatic. odour. In very dry weather the odour is often obsolete. The margin is more broadly membranaceous and hence marked with longer furrows than in any other species. It differs from all the preceding ones in the gills at the first exuding watery drops. The gills become obsoletely light yellow, and dingy when bruised. In woods, £c. Very common. July-Sept. Stem ruggedly hollow within as if eaten by snails. M.J.B. A very coarse and easily recognised species. Reckoned poisonous, though eaten by slugs. Spores minutely echinulate, almost globular, 8 mk. W.G.S. Name— fcetens, stinking. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 195. Hym. Eur. p. 447. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 40. Berk. Out. p. 213. C. Hbk. n. 628. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 600. Ag. Pers. — Krombh. t. 70. f. 1-6. Viv. t. 41. Bull. t. 292. Ventur. t. 33. f. 1-3. 26. R. subfoetens Smith. — Pileus bullate, somewhat viscid, disc fleshy, margin somewhat membranaceous. Stem not stout. Gills thick, distant, branched. Odour somewhat disagreeable, taste slightly acrid. Smaller than R. fattens, stem not so stout, margin different. This is the plant referred to by Fries Syst. Myc. i. p. 58. as a var. of R. fragilis. On the ground. Various localities. Name— sub, and fattens, somewhat stinking. Worth. Smith Journ. Bot. 1873, P- 337- 27. R. fellea Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (T~2 in-) broad, straw- RUSSULA. 125 colour often with a deeper yellowish tinge, disc darker, thinly fleshy, Russula. convex then plane, polished, smooth, margin even, slightly striate when old; pellicle closely adnate, thin; flesh firm, of the same colour as the gills. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) thick, spongy-stuffed then hollow, fragile, equal, even, white then straw-colour. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, narrow, obsoletely connected by veins, intermixed with a few which are dimidiate or bifid behind, straw-colour. Distinguished, very acrid, odour none. The gills exude watery drops in damp weather. In beech woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Easily distinguished from all others by its unchangeable persistent yellowish straw-colour. The gills vary more distant. Name — felleus, full of gall. Bitter. Ft: Monogr. ii. p. 196. Hym. Eur. p. 447. Icon. t. 173. /. 2. B. &> Br. n. 1787. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1881, p. 36. Paul. t. 76./ 4- 28. R. Queletii Fr. — Pileus violaceous-black or fuscous, purple- lilac at the margin which is slightly striate, compact, campanu- lato-convex then plane, even, viscous; flesh firm, white, red- purple under the pellicle. Stem spongy, mealy, violaceous- purple. Gills attenuated, unequal or forked, exuding drops, white. Acrid. When the drops on the gills are dried, they leave azure-blue- cinereous or pallid olivaceous spots. In woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Pileus commonly about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad ; stem about same in length and 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick. Easily distinguished from R. Integra by the white gills. Name — after L. Quelet. Fr. in Qutt. Jur. p. 185. /. 24. /. 6. Hym. Eur. p. 448. B. 5r> Br. n. 1888. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 601. V. — FRAGILES. * Gills and spores white. 29. R. emetica Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, at first rosy then blood-colour, tawny when old, sometimes becoming yellow and at length (in moist places) white, at first campanulate then flattened or depressed, polished, margin at length s:dcate and tubercular; flesh white, reddish under the separable pellicle. Stem spongy-stuffed, stout, elastic when young, fragile when older, even, white or reddish. Gills somewhat free, broad, some- what distant, shining white. Handsome, regular, moderately firm, but fragile when full grown, taste very acrid. The gills are never dusty. There is one form taller, with the pileus campanulate then expanded, and the gills persistently free, another with the pileus convex then expanded, and gills appearing adfixed. 126 AGARICIN1. Russula. In woods and open ground. Common. July-Dec. Spores shining white, Fr. ; sphaeroid, echinulate, 8-10 mk. K. ; 7 mk. W.G.S. Stem longitudinally rugulose. M.J.B. Easily distinguished by the flesh remaining red under the cuticle when peeled off. Poisonous. Said to act as its name implies as an emetic ; certainly dangerous. Name — emetica, a vomit. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 197. Hym. Eur. p. 448. Sv. till. Sv. t. 21. Berk. Out. p. 212. C. Hbk. n. 629. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 602. Ag. Harz, t. 63. Barl. t. 14. f. 4. Lenzf. 15. 30. R. pectinata Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, at first viscous, toast-brown, then dry, becoming pale, tan, with the disc always darker, fleshy, rigid, convex then flattened and depressed or concavo-infundibuliform ; margin thin, pectinato-sulcate, here and there irregularly shaped ; flesh white, light yellowish tender the pellicle, which is not easily separable. Stem curt, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 1 8 mm. -2. 5 cent. (M'-i in.) thick, rigid, spongy- stuffed, longitudinally slightly striate, shining white, often atten- uated at the base. Gills attennato-free behind, broader towards the margin, somewhat crowded, equal, simple, white. Odour weak, but nauseous, approaching that of R. fattens. The gills are narrower than those of neighbouring species, but dilated from the stem to the margin, not exuding drops, and not changeable when touched. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1874. Aug. Name — pecte?i, a comb. From the furrows at the margin being like the teeth of a comb. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 197. Hym. Eur. p. 449. B. &* Br. n. 1564. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 603. Ag. Bull. t. 509. /. N. 31. R. ochroleuca Fr. — Pileus yellow, becoming pale, fleshy, flattened or depressed, polished, with an adnate pellicle, the spreading margin becoming' even. Stem spongy, stuffed, firm, slightly reticulato- wrinkled, white becoming cinereous. Gills rounded behind, united, broad, somewhat equal, white becoming pale. Odour obsolete, but pleasant. The pileus is never reddish. It agrees wholly with R. emetica in structure and stature, as well as in the acrid taste ; it differs however in the stem being slightly reticulato-wrinkled, white becom- ing cinereous, in the adnate pellicle of the pileus, in the margin remaining for a long time even (remotely striate, but not tubercular, only when old), and in the gills being rounded behind and becoming pale. The colour of the pileus is constant. The gills remain free and do not exude drops. In woods, chiefly fir. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Spores papillose, 7 mk. IV.G.S. Name — a>xp°?. pale yellow; Aevjcos, white. From the yellow pileus and white stem and gills. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 449. Monogr. ii. p. 197. Berk. Out. p. 212. C. Hbk. n. 630. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 604. Ag. Pers. — Krombh. t. 64. f. 7-9. Buxb. C. v. t. 45. f. 2. 32. R. fragilis Fr. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-ilA in.) broad, rarely RUSSULA. 127 more, flesh-colour, changing colour, very thin, fleshy only at the Russula. disc, at the first convex and often umbonate, then plane and depressed, pellicle thin, becoming pale, slightly viscid in wet weather ; margin very thin, tuberculoso-striate. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, spongy within, soon hollow, often slightly striate, white. Gills slightly adnexed, very thin, crowded, broad, ventricose, all equal, shining white. Very acrid. Smaller and more fragile than the rest of the group, directly changing colour. The colour is variable, often opaque, typically flesh-colour, when changed in colour white externally and internally, often with reddish spots. Among varieties of colour is to be noted a livid-flesh-coloured form, with the disc becoming fuscous. It is not easy to define it from fragile forms of R. emetica, but the gills are much more crowded, thinner, and often slightly eroded at the edge, ventricose ; the pileus thinner and more lax, &c. In woods. Common. Au.-Oct. ^.—fragilis, fragile or brittle. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 198. Hym. Eur. p. 450. Berk. Out. p. 213. C. Hbk. n. 631. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 605. Ag. Pers. —Krombh. t. 64. /. 12-18. Bull. t. 509. /. T, U. Barla t. 14. /. 10-12. Corda ap. Sturm xi. t. 53. Vent. t. 33. /. 4, 5. ** Gills and spores white then light yellowish, &c. 33. R. veternosa Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, rose or flesh-colour, soon becoming pale, commonly whitish or yellowish at the disc, slightly fleshy, plane when full grown, depressed in the middle, covered with a thin, adnate, somewhat viscid pellicle, margifi even, scarcely membranaceous ; flesh soft, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (% in.) thick, soft, spongy then hollow, fragile, equal, even, white. Gills adnate, crowded, nar- row, becoming broader in front, with shorter ones intermixed, white then straw-colour. Taste acrid. On the ground. Chatteris. Name — veternosus, drowsy, languid. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 201. Hym. Eur. p. 450. B. & Br. n. 1132. C. Hbk. n. 635. Ag. Krombh. t. 66. /. 18, 19. Paul. t. 74.7. 3. 34. R. integra Fr. — Pileus typically red, changing colour, fleshy, campanulato-convex then expanded and depressed, fragile when full grown, with a viscous pellicle, at length sulcate and somewhat tubercular at the margin \flesh white, sometimes yel- lowish above. Stem at first short, conical, then clavate or ven- tricose, as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, spongy-stuffed, com- monly stout, even, shining white. Gills somewhat free, very broad, equal or bifid at the stem, somewhat distant, connected 128 AGARICINI. Russula. by veins, pallid-white, at length light yellow, somewhat ochraceous- pulverulent with the spores. Taste mild, often astringent. The most changeable of all species, especi- ally in the colour of the pileus which is typically red, but at the same time inclining to azure-blue, bay-brown, olivaceous, £c. Sometimes the gills are sterile and remain white. In woods, chiefly pine. Common. Aug.-Nov. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad. The white stem and yellow-pulverulent gills distinguish it. Spores ellipsoid-sphasroid or sphaeroid, echinulate, 10x8 or 7 x 9 mk. K. ; globose, rough, 8-9 mk. C.B.P. Name — integer, whole, en- tire. Perfect in form. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 199. Hym. Eur. p. 450. Berk. Out. p. 213. C. Hbk. n. 632. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 606. Ag. Schce/. t. 92. Vittad. t. 21. Vent. t. 63. /. 5, 6. Ha'rz. t. 59. Krombh. t. 66. f. 14, 15, and 16, 17? Baft. t. 16. C. 35. R. decolorans Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, uni- colorous, at first orange-red, then light yellow and becoming pale, fleshy, spherical then expanded and depressed, remarkably regular, viscid when moist, thin and at length striate at the mar- gin ; flesh white, but becoming somewhat cinereous when broken, and more or less variegated with black spots when old. Stem elongated (10 cent., 4 in.) cylindrical, solid, but spongy within, often rugoso - striate, white then becoming cinereous especially within. Gills adnexed, often in pairs, thin, crowded, fragile, white then yellowish. Taste mild. Colours changeable according to a fixed rule, but not variable. The gills are not ochraceous-pulverulent as in R. Integra, nor shining and pure yellow as in R. aurata, &c. In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Spores pallid ochraceous Fr. Name — de, and coloro, to colour. Changing colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 199. Hym. Eur. p. 451. Berk. Out. p. 214. C. Hbk. n. 633. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 607. 36. R. aurata Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, varying lemon-yellow, orange and red, disc darker, fleshy, rigid, brittle however, hemispherical then plane, disc not depressed, pellicle thin, adnate, viscid in wet weather, margin even, and slightly striate only when old, but sometimes wrinkled ; flesh lemon-yellow under the pellicle, white below. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid, firm, but spongy within, cylindrical, obsoletely striate, white or lemon-yellow. Gills rounded free, connected by veins, broad, equal, shining, never pulverulent, whitish inclining to light yellow, but vivid lemo?i-yellow at the edge. Taste at first mild, then slightly acrid, odour pleasant. It is among the most beautiful and most easily recognised species by the colours alike of the pileus and of the flesh and gills. RUSSULA. 129 In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Russula. The bright yellow edge of the gills is a very distinctive mark. Name— aurum, gold. From its colour. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 200. Hym. Eur. p. 452. Berk. Out. p. 213. C. Hbk. n. 634. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 608. Ag. With.— Krapf. t. 5. Seller/, t. 15. /. 1-3. Krombh. t. 66. /. 8-u. 37. R. nitida Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, commonly bay-brown-purplish, disc darker, shining, fleshy, stiff, convex then plane or slightly depressed, covered with a pellicle which is viscid in wet weather, margin striate, somewhat tubercular; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (}4 in.) thick, spongy-stuffed, soft, somewhat equal or attenuated down- wards, even, white inclining to pale. Gills adnexed, separating, crowded, pallid then bright sulphur-yellow, not pulverulent. Taste mild, at length nauseous ; said to be somewhat fcetid. Distinguished at first sight from all others by the gills being bright lemon-yellow, shining, and never ochraceous-pulverulent. In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name — nitidus, shining. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 201. Hym. Eur. p. 452. Berk. Out. p. 214. t. 13. /. 7. C. Hbk. n. 636. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 609. Ag. Pers. — Krombh. t. 66. f. 1-3. — Schceff. t. 254. *** Gills and spores ochraceous. 38. R. alutacea Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, com- monly bright blood-colour or red, even black-purple, but be- coming pale, especially at the disc, fleshy, campanulate then convex, flattened and somewhat umbilicate, even, with a remarkably viscous pellicle, margin thin, at length striate, tubercular ; flesh snow-white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, solid, stout, equal, even, white, most frequently variegated -reddish, even purple. Gills at first free, thick, very broad, connected by veins, all equal, somewhat distant, at first pallid light yellow, then bright ochraceous, not pulverulent. Handsome. Taste mild, pleasant ; at length soft and very fragile. Change- able in colour ; in shady beech woods a form occurs with the pileus ceruginous. In one form the stem is wholly dark blood-colour, and the gills are rounded behind and remote from the stem. It is distinguished from R. integra by its gills not being pulverulent. In mixed woods. Common. Edible and very good. Name— aluta, tanned leather. From the yellowish gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 202. Hym. Eur. p. 453. Berk. Out. p. 214. /. 13. / 8. C. Hbk. n. 637. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 610. Price f. 36. Ag. Vittad. t. 34. Krombh. t. 64. f. 1-3. Barla t. 14. f. 1-3. 39. R. lutea Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- C1-2 mO broad, yellow, VOL. II. I 130 AGARICINI. Russula. at length becoming pale, and occasionally wholly white, thinly fleshy, soon convexo-plane or piano- depressed, viscous when moist, even or when old obsoletely striate at the margin ; flesh white. Stem 4 cent. (\l/z in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, soft, fragile, equal, even, white, never reddish. Gills somewhat free, connected by veins, crowded, narrow, all equal, ochraceous-egg-yellow. Always small, very regular ; taste mild. When young the pileus is always of a beautiful yellow. In woods. Uncommon. July-Oct. Spores yellow, echinulate, 8 mk. W.G.S. ; globose, rough, 6-7 mk. C.B.P. Name — luteus, yellow. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 203. Hym. Eur. p. 454. Berk. Out. p. 214. C. Hbk. n. 638. •!>. Mycol. Scot. n. 611. Ag. Huds. 40. R. nauseosa Fr. — Pileus variable in colour, typically purplish at the disc, then livid, but becoming pale and often whitish, laxly fleshy, thin, at first piano-gibbous, then depressed, viscid in wet weather, silicate and somewhat tubercular at the somewhat membranaceous margin; flesh soft, white. Stem short, about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, spongy- stuffed, slightly striate, white. Gills adnexed, ventricose, some- what distant, here and there with a few shorter ones intermixed, light yellow then dingy ochraceous. The taste is mild, but also nauseous, as the odour often is. The habit is that of R. nitida, of the same colour of pileus, but differing in the colour of the gills. In woods, chiefly pine. Coed Coch, &c. Oct. Name — nauseosus, nauseous. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 204. Hym. Eur. p. 454. B. 6> Br. n. 1283. Ag. Schceff. t. i6./. 4. 41. R. vitellina Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, unicolorous, light yellow then wholly pallid, somewhat membranaceous, at length tuberculoso-striate, somewhat dry, disc very small, slightly fleshy. Stem thin, scarcely exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, equal. Gills separating-free, equal, distant, rather thick, connected by veins, saffron-yellow. Pretty, very fragile, strong-smelling, mild. In fir and mixed woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name — vitellus, yolk of egg. Egg-yellow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 454. Berk. Out. p. 215. C. Hbk. n. 639. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 612. Ag. Pers. — Batsch f. 72. 42. R. chamseleontina Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- O-2 *"•) broad, thinly fleshy, soon flattened, sometimes oblique with a thin, CANTHARELLUS. 131 separable, viscid pellicle, which is at first flesh-colour, then Russula. presently changing colour, becoming yellow at the disc and at length wholly yellow, margin even, then slightly striate. Stem as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, but thin, somewhat hollow, slightly striate, white. Gills more or less adnexed, thin, crowded, equal, narrow, somewhat forked, light-yellow-ochraceous. Mild, inodorous, very fragile. Pileus rosy-blood-red, purplish lilac, &c. Sometimes even at the first yellowish at the disc. In woods. Rare. Sept. Name— from its changing colours like the chameleon. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 204. Hym. Eur. p. 455. B. & Br. n. 1014. C. Hbk. n. 640. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 613. GENUS XL — Cantharellus Adans. — (Kdrtapos, a vase or cup.) Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 316. Hymenophore continuous with the stem, descending un- changed into the trama. Gills thick, fleshy -waxy, fold-like, somewhat branched, obtiise at the edge. Spores white. Fleshy, mem- branaceous, putresceiit fungi, without a 'veil. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 455. The distinguishing character of the genus consists in the fold-like gills. The Mesopodes commonly grow on the ground ; the rest com- monly on mosses, very rarely on wood. Intermediate between Aga- ricus and Craterellus. Some are edible, others reckoned poisonous. Canthar- ellus- I. MESOPUS (jueVo?, middle ; TTOVS, a foot). Pileus entire. Stem central. * Pileus and solid stem fleshy. ** Pileus somewhat membranaceous, stem tubular and polished. II. MERISMA (fxept^w, to divide). Stems very numerous, united into an elongated column or branched. LI. Cantharellus cibarius. One- third natural size. j/, the side; TTOV'S, a foot). Dimidiate, stem exactly III. PLEUROPUS lateral. IV. RESUPINATUS (resupinatus, lying on the back). Pileus entire, at first cup-shaped, adfixed by the vertex, then somewhat reflexed. * Bryophili (moss-loving). ** Lignatiles (growing on wood), doubtful species. 132 AGARICINI. Canthar- T __TVrpcnpiTQ ellus. * P ileus and solid stem fleshy. 1. C. cibarius Fr. Egg-yellow. — Pileus truly fleshy, firm, at first convex, then plane or somewhat depressed, repand, always smooth. Stem solid, thickened upwards. Gills decurrent, thick, distant, branched, narrow, fold-like. Taste pleasant. Growing in troops. The stem passes into the pileus which is hence turbinate. The gills are more swollen than those of the other species. It varies wholly white. In woods, especially beech. Common. July-Dec. Berkeley records a var. white, here and there tinged with pink. The smell, especially when the plant is old, is that of ripe apricot. Edible, delicious. It must have four hours' slow cooking. Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 8-9 x 5-6 mk. K. ; 6x8 mk. W.G.S.; pruniform, nucleate, n mk. Q. Name — cibaria, food. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 206. Hym. Eur. p. 455. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 7. Berk. Out. p. 215. C. Hbk. n. 641. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 614. Harz. t. 18. Grev. t. 258. Badh. i. t. 9. f. 2; ii. t. 8. /. i. Price f. 94. Krombh. t. 45. f. i-n. Vittad. t. 25. /. i. Barla t. 28. Ag. Fl. Dan. t. 264. Sow. t. 46. 2. C. Friesii Quel. — Pileus somewhat orange, fleshy, thin, con- vex then depressed, vilious. Stem solid, slender, villous, at the base white, attenuated. Gills narrow, ./&/<£•/*££, branched, yellow. Exactly intermediate between C. cibarius and C. aurantiacus, but smaller than either. In woods. Sydenham Hill. Name— after Elias Fries. Qudl. Jur. p. 191. t. 23. /. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 455. B. & Br. n. 1782. Apparently Krombh. t. 46. /. 3-6 and perhaps Paul. t. 51. /. 3-4. 3. C. aurantiacus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, orange-ochraceous, fleshy, soft, depressed, often excentric and undulated, somewhat tomentose, involute at the margin. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, stuffed at length hollow, somewhat incurved and unequal, ochraceous. Gills decurrent, tense and straight, repeatedly dichotomous and crowded, often crisped at the base, deep orange. Taste unpleasant. The pileus is not firm, and the stem is not so much dif- fused into the pileus as in C. cibarius. The stem, especially in marshy places, becomes at length black. Bull. t. 505. It varies with light yellow pileus and white gills, and is sometimes wholly white. In woods, especially pine. Common. Aug.-Nov. Reckoned poisonous. Spores ellipsoid or sphasroid-ellipsoid, 5-6 x 3 mk. K. Name — aurantiacus, orange-yellow. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 206. Hym. Eur. p. 455. Sv. atl. Sv. t. 79. Berk. Out. p. 215. /. 14. /. i. C. Hbk. n. 642. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 615. Ag. Wulf. Jacqu. Coll. ii. /. 14. f. 3. Batsch f. 37. Sow. t. 413. CANTHARELLUS. 133 4. C. Brownii B. & Br. Ochraceous-white or cream-coloured. Canthar- — Pileus about 12 mm. (% in.) broad, thin, convex, somewhat ellus- umbonate, obscurely silky. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^2-2 in.) long, stuffed, slender, tough, nearly equal, somewhat furfuraceous. Gills (folds) obtusely decurrent, rather distant, linear, extremely narrow, sometimes forked, interstices smooth. Hymenium nearly white. Stem furnished with a little white fibrillose myce- lium at the base, which sometimes forms a small earthy ball. A very distinct species. Among grass. Hitchin. Name — after J. Brown. Berk. O^lt. p. 215. C. Hbk. n. 643. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 456. 5. C. carbonarius A. & S. — Pileus date-brown then black, somewhat fleshy, striato-squamulose, umbilicate. Stem paler. Gills tense and straight, white. Rooted, fasciculate. The following seem to be the same : B. C. anthra- cophilus, solitary, black, tough, pileus fleshy - membranaceous, naked, de- pressed ; stem stuffed, slender, smooth, slightly rooted ; gills distant, dichoto- mous. Leveill. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1841, p. 236. f.i^.f. 2. — C. C. radicosus, slender, pileus 18 mm. -2. 5 cent, (^-i in.), deeply umbilicate, floccose, black; stem rooting, pallid ; hymenium white, gills narrow. Two or three pilei often grow from the same obconical root, which is white and spongy. On charcoal heaps, £c. Rare. Sept.-Nov. Spores 9x6 mk. IV.G.S. Name — carbo, charcoal. From its habitat. A. d^ S. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 456. C. radicosus B. <5r> Br. n. 1134. C. Hbk. n. 647. Saund. & Sm. t. i. 6. C. umbonatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, cinereous-blackish, slightly fleshy, convex when young, umbonate t at length depressed, even, dry, jlocculoso-silky on the surface, shining brightly especially under a lens; flesh soft, white, often becoming red when wounded. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, about 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, elastic, villous at the base, cinereous, but paler than the pileus. Gills decurrent, thin, tense and straight, crowded, repeatedly dichotomous, shining white. Odour and taste scarcely notable. Gregarious. Among the taller mosses the stem is longer. Often overlooked from its habit being that of an Agaric. It varies with the pileus squamulose and blackish. In woods. Rare. April-Aug. Name — umbo, the boss of a shield. Umbonate. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 207. Hym. Eur. p. 457. Berk. Out. p. 216. C. Hbk. n. 644. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 616. Hoffm. Ic. t. 22. /. 2. Ag. \Vulf. Jacqu. Coll. 2. t. i6.f. i. 1. C. albidus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (%-* in.) broad, whitish, 134 AGARICINI. Camhar- inclining to yellowish or rufescent, fleshy, very thin, somewhat infundibuliform, irregular, somewhat repand and torn, smooth, somewhat zoned. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-i}4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, tough, equal or at length compressed, smooth, white or rarely yellowish. Gills decurrent, thin, somewhat crowded, repeatedly dichotomous, white. Tough but not coriaceous. It approaches near to the Clitocybiz among Agarics, clearly showing the affinity of these with the Cantharelli (C. cibarius, aurantiacus, umbonatus, and albidus). In mossy places. Coed Coch. Sept. -Oct. Name — albus, white. Whitish. Fr. Monogr, \\. p. 207. Hym. Eur. p. 457. B. & Br. n. 1421. Fl. Dan. t. 1293. f. i. 8. C. Houghtoni Phill. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more broad, dirty white with a tinge of flesh-colour, thin, convex, umbilicate, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, slender, thickened at the apex, at first delicately fibrillose, root- ing at the base which is more or less cottony. Gills somewhat decurrent, narrow, scarcely forked, pallid flesh-colour. Sometimes 5 cent. (2 in.) broad. Allied to C. albidus. On the ground. Hereford. Name — after Rev. William Houghton. Phillips. — B. & Br. n. 1565. ** Pileus somewhat membranaceous, stem tubular and polished. 9. C. tubseformis Fr. — Pileus fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, infundibuliform, repand •and lobed, flocculose. Stem hollow, at length compressed and •lacunose, smooth, orange-tawny. Gills thick, distant, branched with many clefts, yellow or fuliginous, naked. It differs widely from all the preceding species in the somewhat membrana- ceous, infundibuliform, flocculose pileus, and in the tubular stem. Interme- diate between C. infundibuliformis, to which it is like in the hymenium, and Craterellus lutescens, which is more like it in the entire habit. Var. lutescens, pileus convexo-umbilicate, rather even, somewhat regular ; stem more equal, attenuated upwards; gills less divided. Bull. t. 473. f. 3. In woods. Common. Aug.-Oct. Spores 8 X4mk. W.G.S. Name — tuba, a trumpet ; forma, form. Trum- pet-shaped. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 208. Hym. Eur. p. 457. Berk. Out. p. 216. C. Hbk. n. 645. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 617. Fl. Dan. i. 2080. /. i. Merulius Pers. Ic. descr. t. 6. f. i. Dittm. Sturm, t. 30. Bait. t. 23. f. i. 10. C. infundibuliformis Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- C1-2 inO broad, rarely more, yellowish-cinereous or fuliginous when CANTHARELLUS. 135 moist, becoming pale when dry, somewhat membranaceous, Camhar- umbilicate then infundibuliform, here and there pervious to the ellus> \}a.sz,jloccoso-u>rinkled on the surface, at length undulated at the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, Jistulose, somewhat thickened at the base, even, smooth, always light yellow. Gills decurrent, thick, distant, dichoto- mous, tense and straight, sometimes light yellowish, sometimes cinereous, especially when old and then pruinate. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose. Often not easily distinguished from C. tubceformis. It does not approach Crat. lutescens. The colours are less intense, moderately persistent when dried. In woods. Common. July-Oct. Spores sphseroid-ovoid, 9-11x7-8 mk. K. Name — infundibulum, a fun- nel ; forma, form. Funnel-shaped. Fr. Monogr. \\.p. 208. Hym. Eur. p. 458. Berk. Out. p. 216. C. Hbk. n. 646. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 618. Meru- lius Scop. — Sow. f. 47. Krombh. t. 46. /. 7-9. Fl. Dan. t. 1617. 11. C. cinereus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 mO and more broad, hoary-fuliginous, somewhat membranaceous, infundibuli- form, pervious as far as the base of the stem, villoso-squamulose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, hollow, manifestly attenuated downwards, smooth, fuliginous - blackish. Gills decurrent, thick, very distant, connected by veins but not much branched, cinereous. As C. tubceformis resembles Crat. lutescens this entirely resembles Crat. cor- nucopioides, but is very easily distinguished from it by the hymenium being in the form of gills. In woods. Rare. Halifax, £c. Spores 15 x 8 mk. B. &> Br. Name — cinis, ashes. From the cinereous gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p* 209. Hym. Eur. p. 458. Berk. Out. p. 216. B. & Br. n. 1016*, 1139*. C. Hbk. n. 648. Krombh. t. 45.^. 12. Merulius Pers.—Bull. t. 465.7: 2. 12. C. cupulatus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (^ in.) broad, pallid fuscous when damp, becoming pale, somewhat rufescent, when dry, membranaceous, plano-infundibitliform (exactly cup-shaped), repand, not zoned, when moist smooth, striate at the margin, when dry even, flocculose. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, i m. (l/2 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, tense and straight, tough, smooth, paler than the pileus. Gills decurrent, very distant, branched with many clefts, with some simple ones intermixed, broad, but obtuse at the edge, grey. The branches on the gills ramify in a fasciculate manner. It must not be confounded with Xerotus degener. In waste places. Rare. Oct. 136 AGARICINI. Canthar- Name — cupa, a cup. Shaped like a little cup. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 209. ellus. Hym. Eur. p. 458. Merulius Pers. Syn. t. 5. /. 2. Ag. helvelloides Bull. t. 601. f. 3. Berk. Out. p. 132. C. Hbk. n. 226. 13. C. Stevenson! B. £ Br. — Pileus about 4mm. (2 lin.) broad, pallid, orbicular, umbilicate, smooth, margin inflexed. Stem 6 mm. (]i in.) long, I m. (}4 lin.) thick, cylindrical, delicately pulverulent, white then darker. Gills decurrent, pallid, becom- ing fuscous in front. Stem with a little white mycelium at the base. Very near to C. cnpulatus ; but that is very strongly uinbonate when young, and the umbo is always visible at the bottom of the umbilicus ; the habit, moreover, is different. On rotten stump among moss. Glamis, 1874. March, April. Name — after Rev. John Stevenson. B. fir5 Br. n. 1422. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 619. II. — MERISMA. No British species. III. — PLEUROPUS. 14. C. muscigenus Fr. — Pileus fuscous when moist, cinereous- whitish when dry, somewhat zoned, membranaceous, tough, spathulate, smooth, rather plane, slightly undulated when full grown. Stem short, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.), round, exactly lateral, villous at the base, horizontal as well as the pileus with which it is continuous. Gills slightly swollen, diverging from the apex of the stem, distant, branched, not anastomosing, of the same colour as the pileus. The whole plant from the base of the stem to the apex of the pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.), commonly smaller. On mosses. Uncommon. June. Name — muscus, moss ; gigno, to bear. Growing on mosses. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 210. Hym. Eur. p. 460. Berk. Out. p. 217. C. Hbk. n. 649. -5. Mycol. Scot. n. 620. Ag. Bull. t. 288, 498. /] 2. Merulius Nees Syst.f. 236. IV. — RESUPINATI. * Bryophili (moss-loving). 15. C. retirugus Fr. — Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, whitish- cinereous above, darker, cinereous-fuliginous, beneath, membran- aceous, expanded, repando-lobed, very tender, somewhat round, at first entire at the margin then variously split. Gills radiating from the centre, very tender, reticulated. NYCTALIS. 137 Easily distinguished from C. lobatus by the thinner, reticulated gills ; Canthar- \vithout the rudiment of a stem, adfixed to mosses by fibrils at the -vertex, ellus. It approaches the Cyphcllce in many respects. On mosses. Uncommon. May. Name — rete, a net ; ruga, a wrinkle. From the reticulated gills. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 212. Hym. Eur. p. 460. Berk, Out. p. 217. t. 14. f. 2. Helvella Bull. i. 498. /. i. Sow. t. 348. 16. C. lobatus Fr. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.), dark fuscous when in full vigour, becoming pale when dry, sessile, horizontal, membranaceous, somewhat round, at first adfixed, entire, then somewhat lateral and lobed. Gills fold-like, some- what distant, distinct, branched, of the same colour as the pileus. On mosses in bogs. Uncommon. Autumn. When old often very much lobed and crisped, and then the wrinkles, especially at the base, are reticulated, though towards the margin they con- tinue distinct. M.J.B. Spores ovoid-pruniform, 10 mk. Q. Name — lobatus, lobed. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 211. Hym. Eur. p. 461. Berk. Out. p. 217. C. Hbk. n. 650. .S. Mycol. Scot. ft. 622. Fl. Dan. t. 1077. Bolt. t. 177. Lignatiles (growing on wood). No British species. GENUS XII. — Arrhenia Fr. Summ. Veg. Scand. p. 312. Arrhenia. Membranaceous, very tender, hymenium inferior and striate with few, delicate, slightly raised, simple, straight veins, which take the place of gills. Spores pallid. Minute, moderately per- sistent, 'variable in form. Strice not decurrent. Compare Can- tharelhis Broivnii. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 461. No British species. GENUS XI II.— Nyctalis (vv£, night. From inhabiting dark Nyctalis. places.) Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. p. 203. Hymenophore continuous with the stem. Gills fleshy, thick, juicy, obtuse at the edge, not decurrent on the stem nor fold-like. Veil (in species which have been fully observed) floccoso-pruinose. Fleshy fungi, not reviving, of uncertain and irregular occurrence, differing in many respects from one another and from the rest of the Agaricini. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 462. I. SPELE^E (spelceum, a cave). Gills crowded, somewhat coalescent. In 138 AGARICINI. Nyctalis. hollow places. There is scarcely any doubt that these species are forms of others, changed in appearance and disguised owing to their place of growth. II. PARASITVE (parasita, a parasite). Gills distinct, distant. On putrid fungi. I. — SPELE/E. 1. N. caliginosa Smith. — Pileus white when dry, marked with colours (as in Ag. butyraceus) when wet, very fleshy, floccoso-pruinose when dry, margin involute, slightly exceeding the gills. Stem solid, floccoso-pruinose, base naked. Gills decurrent, thick, branched. Odour and taste rank and disagreeable like Polyporus sqiiamosus. Closely allied to N. parasitica, but at once distinguished by its truly decurrent gills and other characters. Amongst earth and dead leaves in dense dark wood. Bishop's Wood, Highgate. Name — caligo, darkness. From its ha- bitat. Worth.. Smith Journ. Bot. 1873, P- 337- LII. Nyctalis parasitica. One- half natural size. II. — PARASITE. 2. N. asterophora Fr. — Pileus white when young, then/awn- colour, fleshy, conical then hemispherical, often papillate when young, then splitting Q^e.n, floccoso-pulverulent. Stem scarcely exceeding 12 mm. (}4 in.) long, 1-2 mm. (j^-i lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, but often twisted, at first whitish and pruinose, then be- coming fuscous. Gills adnate, distant, thick, tense and straight, somewhat forked, dingy. Very abnormal. Gregarious. The dust covering the pileus represents stel- late spores under the microscope. B. even underneath and without gills. On dead Russula nigricans, &c. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores 2x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — aster , a star;fero, to bear. From the stellate bodies in the dust on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 214. Hym. Eitr. p. 463. Berk. Out. p. 217. C. Hbk. n. 652. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 623. Ag. Bull. t. 516. /. i. Asterophora Lycop. Dittm. Sturm t. 26. 3. N. parasitica Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (l/£-i in.) broad, whit- ish-fuscous, then becoming pale, whitish, slightly fleshy, when young conico-campanulate then convex, soon plane and obtuse MARASMIUS. 139 or obsoletely umbonate, unequal, with a persistent, pruinose, grey Nyctalis. pellicle; flesh dingy. Stem 2.5-5 cent- C1"2 in«) l°ng> 3 mm- (\y2 lin.) thick, delicately fistulose, equal or slightly attenuated up- wards, straight or curved from oblique position, pubescent, white. Veil manifest, fibrillose. Gills adnate, thick, distant, with alter- nate shorter ones intermixed, becoming fuscous, at length con- torted and anastomosing. Gregarious, even casspitose. and rimose). The pileus is often irregular' (angular, repand On dead Russules, adusta and fastens. Common. Aug.-Nov. Odour like Polyporus squamosus, M.J.B. Name — from \\sparasitic growth. Fr. Monogr, ii. p. 214. Hym. Eur. p. 464. Berk. Oiit. p. 218. t. 19. f. 2. C. Hbk. n. 653. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 624. Ag. Bull. t. 574. /. 2. Sow. t. 343- GENUS XIV. — Marasmius (napalvw, to wither or shrivel). Fr. Gen. Hymen. Epicr. p. 372. Tough, arid fungi ; shrivelling (and not putrescent), reviving when wet. Hymenophore continuous with the stem, but hetero- geneous, descending into the trama; veil none with one exception. Stem cartilaginous or horny. Gills pliant, somewhat distant, edge acute and quite entire. This begins a new series of pliant and arid Agaricini. They are com- monly epiphytal. Like other plants they may be dried and preserved in herbaria. Marasmius is a very nat- ural genus, although it be principally distinguished by biological marks. Many of the species have a strong smell and peculiar taste (all the Agaricini with the smell of garlic seem to belong to this genus,, but no one of the species has the smell of new meal). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 464. Marasmius is closely allied to Collybia. Their biological char- acter of shrivelling, and reviving with moisture is of the utmost importance in the determination of the true Marasmii. Fries refers (Monogr. ii. p. 215) to two species which hold a doubtful LIII. Marasmius oreades. half natural size. One- 140 AGARICINI. Marasmius. place between the genuine Agarics and the Marasmii — viz., Ag. (Collybia) stipitarius and Marasmius oreades. One species (not British) M. subannulatus has a veil. The species are mostly small, thin, and commonly epiphytal ; those which are found on the ground are generally on putrid leaves or roots of grasses. They are too thin to be of much use for food, but some are esteemed for flavouring. I. COLLYBIA. Fr. Syst. Orb. Veg. i. p. 73. Pileus fleshy-pliant, at length somewhat coriaceous, sulcate or wrinkled, margin at first involute. Stem somewhat cartilaginous, mycelium fioccose in a very few not manifest. A. Scortei (scorteus, coriaceous). Stem solid, or stuffed with a pith then hol- low, internally fibrous, externally with villous down (pruina, ' Monogr.') that is easily wiped off covering the cartilaginous cuticle. Gills separating-free. * Stem woolly or strigose at the base. ** Stem naked at the base, often composed of twisted fibres. B. Tergini (tergum, hide, skin, leather). Stem rooting, definitely tubular, not fibrous, manifestly cartilaginous. Gills separating-free. Pileus thinner than in the former section, hygrophanous, sometimes even, sometimes striate at the margin. * Stem woolly downwards, smooth upwards. ** Stem (at least when dry) everywhere pruinato-velvety. C. Calopodes (*ca\6?, beautiful; nWs, afoot). Stem curt, rootless, inserted, often furnished with a floccose tubercle at the base. Pileus convexo-involute then plane and depressed ; in this state the gills, which are typically adnate, are somewhat decurrent. On stipules, branches, &c. , gregarious, arid. * Stem very smooth and shining upwards, with a simple base. ** Stem velvety or pruinate, with a somewhat tubercular base. II. MYCENA. Stem horny, fistulose, but here and there with a pith, tough, arid, mycelium rhizomorphoid corticate and not floccose. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, campanulate then expanded, margin at the first straight and adpressed to the stem. A. Chordales (chorda, a gut. M. chordalis). Stem rigid, rooting, or adnate by a dilated base. Pileus campanulate or convex. Type manifestly that of Mycena. B. Rotulae (rotula, a little wheel). Stem filiform, flaccid, inserted at the base. Pileus soon rather plane or umbilicate. Growing on leaves, declining from the common type of Mycena. * Stem very smooth, shining. ** Stem velvety or pilose. III. APUS (a, and TOV'S, a foot. Stemless). Pileus sessile, resupinate. I. — COLLYBIA. A. SCORTEI. * Stem woolly or strigose at the base. 1. M. urens Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, unicolor- ous, pale yellowish becoming pale, slightly fleshy, moderately com- pact at the disc, even, but here and there squamulose or rimoso- MARASMIUS. 141 rivulose when dry, smooth, the thin margin involute. Stem 5-7-5 Marasmius. cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, composed of crisp tough fibres, rigid, equal, sometimes however ventricose, 12 mm. (l/z in.) thick, everywhere clothed 'with white fiocci, pale, white- villous at the base. Gills free, united behind, at length remote from the stem, distant, tough, at first pale-wood colour, then brown. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose. Taste very stinging. The stem is not strigosely sheathed at the base. In mixed woods. Frequent. June-Sept. A curious form has occurred with the pileus turning very dark when full grown. B. & Br. Poisonous. Worthington Smith has tested it by accident. It produced headache, swimming of brain, burning in throat and stomach, followed by severe purging and vomiting. Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — uro, to burn. From its burning taste. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 216. Hym. Eur. p. 465. Berk. Out. p. 218. /. 14.7. 3. B. £r> Br. n. 1889. C. Hbk. n. 654. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 625. Gonn. & Rab. t. 8./. i. Ag. Bull. t. 528.7. i. Fl. Dan. t. 2018. /. i. 2. M. peronatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 in-) an<^ more broad, light yellowish or pallid brick-rufescent, then becoming pale, wood-colour or tan, at first fleshy-pliant, then coriaceo-mem- branaccous, convex then plane, obtuse, flaccid, slightly wrinkled, even at the disc, at length lacunose, striate at the margin; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, fibrous, tough, attenuated upwards, at length hollow and compressed, fu rnished with abark, light yellow then pallid, cuticle mllous but separating and rufescent when rubbed, somewhat in- curved at the base, where it is clothed with dense, somewhat strigose, yellowish or white uillous down. Gills adnexed then separating, free, moderately thin, and crowded, when young whitish, pallid wood-colour, at length somewhat remote, rufescent. B. Woolly-sheathed at the base. Taste acrid like that of M. urens, odour none. In woods. Common. July-Dec. Spores pip-shaped, 7x4 mk. W.G.S. Name— /m?, a kind of boot ; pero- natus, sheathed. From the strigose sheathing at the base of the stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 216. Hym. Eur. p. 465. Berk. Out. p. 218. t. 14. /. 4. C. Hbk. n. 655. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 626. Ag. Bolt. t. 58. Sow. t. 37. Fl. Dan. t. 20l8./. 2. 3. M. porreus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, dingy yellowish, pallid when dry, coriaceo-membranaceous, flaccid, con- vex then flattened, obtuse, even at the disc, striate at the margin, opaque; flesh pallid, almost of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, stuffed then hollow, tough, juiceless, pubescent, somewhat thickened at both ends, red-fuscous, paler at the apex, slightly villous at the base. Gills separating-free, 142 AGARICINI. Marasmius. distant, rather thick, tough, broadly linear, at length coriaceous, light yellowish then becoming pale. Odour of garlic, but fugacious when the plant is dried. In woods, especially among oak-leaves. Frequent. Sept.- Nov. Spores pip-shaped, 4x6 mk. W.G.S. Name—porrum, the leek. From its smell of garlic. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 217. Hym. Eur. p. 466. Berk. Out. p. 219. C. Hbk. n. 656. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 627. Ag. Pers. — Sow. t. 81. ** Stem naked at the base, &c. 4. M. oreades Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (I-2 inO broad, rufescent then becoming pale, hygrophanous, 'whitish when dry, fleshy, pliant, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, even, smooth, slightly striate at the margin when moist. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 3 mm. (\y2 lin.) thick, solid, very tough, equal, tense and straight, everywhere clothed with a villous-woven cuticle which can be rubbed off, pallid ; bluntly rooted at the base, naked, not villous or tomentose. Gills free, broad, distant, the alternate ones shorter, at first soft, then firmer, pallid-white. Odour weak, but pleasant, stronger when dried, taste mild. Commonly growing in circles or rows. In lawns and pastures. Common. May-Oct. Edible, delicious when broiled with butter. It may be pickled or dried for future use. Carefully distinguish M. urens (poisonous) from it. Spores ellipsoid-sphseroid, 6-7x5-6 mk. K. Name — 'Opeia?, a mountain-nymph. Forming fairy rings. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 218. Hym. Eur. p. 467. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 31. Berk. Out. p. 219. t. 14. /. 5. C. Hbk. n. 657. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 628. Ag. Bolt. t. 151. Grev. t. 323. Sow. t. 247. Price f. n. Badh. i. /. S.f. 3, ii. t. j.f. 4. Vittad. t. io./. i. Krombh. t. 43. /. 11-16. Fl. Bat. t. 830. Gonn. 6^ Rab. t. S.f. 3. Schceff. t. 77. Bull. t. 144, 528. /. 2. 5. M. scorteus Fr. Wholly whitish. — Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, becoming pale when dried, slightly fleshy, convex, scarcely umbonate, even (not striate at the margin), but slightly wrinkled when dried. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, obsoletely fistulose, thin, filiform, equal, not rooted, smooth, delicately pritinose towards ths apex, contorted and becoming fuscous when dry. Gills quite free, remarkably broad, rounded behind, ventricose, white. Inodorous, mild. Habit that of very small M. oreades. In grass among trees. Moncreiffe. Aug. Name — scortum, hide. Leathery, wrinkled. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 219. Hym. Eur. p. 468. B. & Br. n. 1677. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 629. Batsch t. 109? MARASMIUS. 143 B. TERGINI. Marasmms. * Stem woolly downwards, smooth upwards. 6. M. varicosus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) or a little more broad, fuscous-purple, becoming darker when dry, somewhat membranaceous, pliant, campanulate then convex, plane, um- bonate, even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, thin, fistulose, rubiginous, among mosses villoso-tomentose beyond the middle, the down rubiginous, blackish when dry, smooth above, filled with dark blood-coloured juice, which drops when it is broken. Gills separating-free, very crowded, linear, very narrow, of the same colour as the pileus, but becoming dark, umber-fuscous when dry. Solitary, inodorous. In places which are not mossy the stem is only 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, wholly smooth, becoming black. It is very singular in the juicy stem, and quite exceptional in the gills being darker when dry. It cannot be compared with A. hcsmatopus. In damp mossy places. Apethorpe. Sept. Name — varix, dilated vein. Full of veins, which yield a bloody juice. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 220. Hym. Eur. p. 469. Icon. t. 174. f. i. B. & Br. n. 1788. 7. M. fusco-purpureus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (K-i in.) broad, dark purple when in vigour, becoming pale (tan) when dry, slightly fleshy, at first hemispherical, then plane, obsoletely umbilicate, slightly wrinkled. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, smooth, at first pallid, then rufous or dark purple, sheathed towards the base with strigose, rubiginous down. Grills adnexed in the form of a ring, then free, distant, narrow, rufescent. Inodorous, juiceless. There are two forms, one larger, solitary, with the stem (longer) decumbent, another smaller, caespitose, with the stem (shorter) tense and straight. In woods, on sticks, £c. Frequent. Aug. Name— -fuscus, fuscous ; purpureus, purple. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 220. Hym. Eur. p. 469. Berk. Out. p. 219. C. Hbk. n. 658. S. My col. Scot. n. 630. Ag. Pers. Ic. dcscr. t. ^.f. 1-3. 8. M. terginus Fr. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, flesh- colour when moist, whitish when dry, shining, tough, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, at length somewhat depressed, margin striate when moist. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly attenuated upwards, longitudinally fissile, smooth, shining, and pallid upwards, and 144 AGARICINI. Marasmius. not somewhat pruinate when dried, reddish downwards, white- villo-iis at the rooting base. Gills separating -free, somewhat crowded, narrow, pallid. Inodorous and juiceless, always solitary. Among leaves, beech, &c. Dursley. Nov. Name — tergum, hide, leather. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 221. Hyin. Eur. p. 469. Icon. t. 174. /. 4. B. & Br. n. 1361. C. Hbk. n. 661. M. Stephensii Berk. Out. p. 220. ** Stem (at least when dry] everywhere pruinato-velvety. 9. M. Wynne! B. & Br. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i>£ in-) broad, ///air-brown, tardily changing colour, fleshy, convexo-plane, some- what umbonate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. (iX lin-) thick, fistulose, furfuraceous, somewhat of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnexed, thick, distant, bright-coloured, beauti- fully tinged with lilac; interstices even. Inodorous. Gregarious or caespitose. The stem springs from a white mycelium, but is by no means strigose or tawny at the base. Quite distinct from M. fusco-purpureus. Among leaves, twigs, &c. Coed Coch. Name — after Mrs Lloyd Wynne. B. &> Br. n. 802. Berk. Out. p. 219. t. 19. /. 3. C. Hbk. n. 659. S. My col. Scot. n. 631. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 470. Gonn. S3 Rab. viii.-ix. t. S.f. 2. 10. M. erythropus Fr.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, hygrophanous, pale, almost whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, slightly wrinkled when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, firm, tough, round or at length compressed, dark red, smooth above, at the first paler, somewhat pruinate when dry, white- strigose below, internally villous at the sides. Gills separating- free, broad, lax, connected by veins, not crowded, quite entire, whitish. Inodorous, juiceless, single or somewhat csespitose. The pileus varies in colour with the moisture of the atmosphere. It varies with the stem decum- bent, even contorted. In habit it approaches nearest to Ag. (Collybia) con- fluens and acervatus ; in these, however, the gills are very narrow and very crowded. Among leaves near stumps. Frequent. Pileus pallid, somewhat shaded with pink. M.J.B. Name — epvflpo?, red ; wovs, a foot. Red-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 221. Hym. Eur. p. 470. Icon. t. 174. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 220. C. Hbk. n. 660. S. MycoL Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 74. MARASMIUS. 145 11. M. archyropus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, tan- Marasmius. colour, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex then plane or depressed, smooth. Stem very long, but scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, rigid, tense and straight, pallid rufescent under the white tomentose pruina which forms an outer covering, similar at the base. Gills adnexed, separating, crowded, linear, pallid. Inodorous. Fasciculato-caespitose. Analogous with M. tergimis. The covering of the stem is almost that of M. oreades. Among leaves. Rare. Bristol. Name — From the very tall stem. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 471. Berk. Out. p. 220. C. Hbk. n. 663. Gonn. & Rab. t. 8. f. 6. Ag. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 135- t- 2S- /• 4- 12. M. torauescens Ouel.— Pileus pallid, disc tawny, mem- branaceous, thin, convexo-plane, rugoso-striate. Stem somewhat filiform, delicately velvety, brown, smooth, and whitish at the apex, twisted and sulcate when dry. Gills free, thin, ventricose, distant, white or reddish. Among oak-leaves. Glamis, 1877. The gills are finely serrulated. In the very young plant, when the pileus is conical, there is a slight indication of a veil. B. & Br. Nsune—tortfueo, to twist. From the twisted stem. Qndl. p. 198. t. 22. f. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 471. B. & Br. n. 1678. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 632. 13. M. impudicus Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (%-i in.) broad, bay-brown-rufous, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy at the disc, convex then plane, often depressed in the centre, soft; membranaceous, striato-plicate, and paler from the circumference to the middle. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, but broader in becoming compressed, rooting at the attenuated base, tough, flexile ; when moist rufous or rufous-fuscous, sometimes violaceous-purple, naked, but wholly covered over with white villous down (pruinato-velvety) when dry. Gills at first reaching the stem, then free, truncate behind, con- nected by veins, ventricose, at first cro\vded, then distant, whitish- flesh-colour. Gregarious, odour strong, disgusting, of the same kind as that of M. fcetens or perforans, but very heavy. On and about pine-trunks. Hanham. Sept. Name — impudicus, disgusting. Of the odour. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 222. Hym. Eur. p. 471. Br. Bath. Trans. 1870, p. 77. B. & Br. n. 1789. C. Hbk. n. 662. VOL. II. K 146 AGARICINI. Marasmius. C. CALOPODES. * Stem very smooth and shining upwards, with a simple base. 14. M. scorodonius Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (yz in.) and more broad, rufous when young, but soon becoming- pale, whitish (not hygrophanous), slightly fleshy, pliant, convex then soon plane, obtuse, always arid ; even when young, at length wrinkled and crisped. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, horny, tough, fistulose, equal, very smooth throughout, shining, rufous, inserted and naked at the base. Gills adnate, often separating, connected by veins, at length crisped in drying, whitish. Commonly gregarious. Readily distinguished from neighbouring species by its strong odour of garlic. Heaths and dry pastures on twigs, &c. Rare. Edible ; esteemed for flavouring. Name — oxdpStoi/, a plant that smells like garlic. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 223. Hym. Eur. p. 472. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 32. Berk. Out. p. 220. C. Hbk. n. 644. Ag. Schcrff. t. 99. Paul. t. 122 bis f. 2, 3. Lenz f. 17. Sv. Bot. t. 173 ? 15. M. calopus Fr. — Pileus about 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, whitish, slightly fleshy, tough, convex then flattened, obtuse, rarely de- pressed, even, smooth, slightly wrinkled when dried. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly attenuated upwards, even, smooth, tough, rufous or bay-brown-rufous, shin- ing, somewhat rooted. Gills slightly emarginate, in groups of 2-4, thin, white. Inodorous. Almost smaller than M. scorodonitis, but the stem is longer, otherwise very like it. On twigs, &c. Bristol. In ' Hym. Eur.' the stem is described as not rooted. Name — KoAd?, beauti- ful ; TTOUS, a foot. With beautiful stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 223. Hym. Eur. p. 472. B. & Br. n. 1790. Quel. t. 13. f. 5. Ag. Pers. — Bull. t. 550. /. i. 16. M. Vaillantii Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more broad, whitish, somewhat membranaceous, pliant, soon flattened and depressed in the middle, plicato-rugose. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, stuffed, thickened and paler upwards, here and there obso- letely pruinate ; otherwise smooth, date-brown, bright shining, inserted at the base, where it is naked and blackish. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent on account of their triangular form, broad, distant, distinct, simple, white. Very remarkable. Inodorous, tough, arid. The pileus is plicate as in the Rotulcs. MARASMIUS. 147 On dead wood. Royal Botanic Garden, Regent's Park. Sept. Marasmius. Perhaps imported. B. er= Br. Name — after Vaillant. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 223. Hvm. Eur. p. 472. Berk. Out. p. 221. C. Hbk. n. 665. Ag. Fr. I'aill. /. 1 1./. 21-23. Buxb. iv. /. 36. /. 2. 17. M. angulatus B. £ Br. — Pileus fuscous-whitish, somewhat membranaceous, hemispherical then flattened, at length plicato- angular. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, thin, rufescent- grey, thickened at both ends, hairy at the base. Gills distant, whitish. Very different from M. Vaillantii. On grass. Cefn, Denbighshire, above Bone-cave. Name — angulus, an angle. From the angular pileus. B. & Br. n. 1018. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 473. Ag. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. p. 155. /. 26. f. 3, 4. Michel, t. 74. f. 4 (whitish var.} 18. M. languidus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (l/z in.) broad, white, inclining to flesh-colour or light yellow, slightly fleshy, at first convex, margin involute, then more expanded and umbilicate, flocculose, rugoso-sulcate. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 1-2 mm. (l/2-i lin.) thick, stuffed, thickened upwards, naked, pallid, becoming fuscous and commonly white villous at the base. Gills adnate then decurrent, distant, connected by veins, narrow, white. Gregarious, tough, pliant, inodorous, especially remarkable for its decurrent gills. Its appearance is that of Agaric us. On dead leaves of grass. Coed Coch. Name — langueo, to be weak, languid. Limp and tough as opposed to brittle. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 224. Hym. Eur. p. 473. B. & Br. n. 1017. C. Hbk. n. 667. Ag. Lasch—Batt. t. 27. /. O. ** Stem velvety or pruinate, with a somewhat tubercular base. 19. M. fcetidus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) broad, bay-brown- tawny, membranaceous, somewhat pellucid, pliant, convex then expanded, at length umbilicate, striato-plicate. Stem scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, i m. (^ lin.) thick, \\m\\}>,fistulose, equal, date-brown, and everywhere velvety, inserted with a very small floccose tubercle at the base. Gills adnexed in the form of a ring, somewhat decurrent when the disc is depressed, distant, connected by veins, yellowish-rufescent. Odour fcetid. There is another form differing in the colour being wholly umber, and in the absence of the villous tubercle at the base. This and the other plicate species differ from the Rot nice in the mycelium not being rhizo- morphcid, and in the margin of the pileus being at first somewhat involute. 148 AGARICINI. Marasmius. On decayed twigs, &c. Rare. Aug-Nov. *t\a.me—fc£tidi/s, stinking. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 224. Hym. Eur. p. 473. Berk. Out. p. 221. C. Hbk. n. 668. ,S. Mycol. Scot. n. 633. Ag. Sow. t. 21. 20. M. amadelphus Fr. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, pale yellowish, becoming pale, sometimes whitish, fleshy-membrana- ceous, convex then plane, always obtuse, at length depressed at the darker disc, somewhat pruinose, even, at length striate only at the margin. Stem curt, 12 mm. (*4 in.) long, scarcely reaching 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, somewhat mealy, pallid, com- monly inserted with an obsolete tubercle. Gills adnate, some- what decurrent, broad, distant, pallid. Gregarious, arid, inodorous. In a var. in fir woods the gills are still more distant, swollen in the form of veins, at length separating, rufescent-wood- colour (pallid umber] ; pileus thinner, whitish. On dead branches, &c. Rare. Sept. Name — a/*, afieA^os, brother. From its relation to M. ramcalis next to which Fries placed it, though differing in some respects from the group. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 225. Hym. Eur. p. 474. Berk. Out. p. 221. C. Hbk. 669. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. 634. Ag. Bull. t. 550. /. 3. 21. M. ramealis Fr. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, white, rufescent at the disc, somewhat fleshy, firm, convex then plane, obtuse or depressed in the centre, sliglitly wrinkled, but without strics. Stem 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, but commonly with a white line in the centre indi- cating that it is typically fistulose, often incurved, mealy (or with hairy squamules under a lens), whitish, or rufescent at the base, inserted when young at least with a very small tubercle. Gills adnate, connected behind, slightly distant, narrow, white. Gregarious, arid, inodorous. On dead twigs. Common. Sept. -Nov. Under a lens clothed with minute matted silkiness. M.J.B. Name— ramus, a branch. Growing on twigs. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 225. Hym. Eur. p. 474. Berk. Out. p. 221. C. Hbk. n. 670. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 635. Ag. Bull. t. 336. Mich. t. 74. /. 7. II.— MYCENA. A. C H O R D A L E S. 22. M. alliaceus Fr. --Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-il/z in.) broad, whitish inclining to fuscous, often milk-white when young, some- what membranaceous, campanulate then expanded, somewhat umbonate, even, at length striate and sulcate, smooth, dry. Stem MARASMIUS. 149 as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long, horny, rigid, fistulose, attenuated Marasmius. upwards, pruinato-velvety, blackish, rooted at the base where it is somewhat incurved and naked. Gills adnexed in the form of a ring then/)rt', slightly ventricose, arid, slightly distant, fuscous- whitish, crisped when dry. Odour strong, of garlic, persistent. There is nothing of a reddish tinge in the whole pla fit. The stem is not tomentose at the base as in the Tergini. Among leaves and on rotten wood. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Name — alliitin, garlic. From the smell. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 226. Hym. Eur. p. 47 q. Berk. Out. p. 223. C. Hbk. n. 671. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 636. Ag. Jacq. "Austr. t. 82. Fl. Dan. t. 1251. Mich. Gen. t. 78. /. 4. Paul. t. 122. f. I. 23. M. caulicinalis Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (K in-) ar>d more broad, dingy yellow becoming ferruginous, then ochraceous, membranaceous, thin, pliant, campanulate then convex, obtuse, at length plane, never nmbilicate, even then striato-sulcate. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, fistulose with a pith, rigid, tough, floccoso-villous and bay-brown below, attenuated, paler and mealy upwards, somewhat inserted at the base. Gills adnato-decurrent, somewhat distant, connected by a network of veins, pallid light yellow. It differs widely from Ag. campanella, with which it agrees in stature and habit. A. caulicinalis Bull, is entirely different. Among leaves. Rare. Nov. It occurs paler in colour. Spores 4-5 x 2-3 mk. B. Name — caulis, a stalk, stem. Growing on stems. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 227. Hvm. Eur. p. 476. B. & Br. n. 1136. C. Hbk. n. 672. S. MycoL Scot. n. 637. Ag. With.— Sow. t. 163. B. ROTULJE. * Stein very smooth, shining. 24. M. rotula Fr. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, whitish, unicolorous, or with the umbilicus becoming fuscous, arid, mem- branaceous, slightly convex, innbilicate, plicate, undulato-crenu- lated at the margin. Stem variable in length, horny ^ fistulose, equal, shining, very smooth, blackish, manifestly striate when dry. Gills adnate behind to a collar encircling the stem but removed from it, broad, few (often equal), very distant, white. Gregarious, often casspitose, with root-like branchlets. On dead twigs. Common. July-Nov. Stem deep shining brown at the base. M.J.B. Name — rota, a wheel. Like a little wheel. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 229. Hym. Eur. p. 477. Berk. Out. p. 222. /. \Af.f. 7. C. Hbk. n. 673. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 638. Gonn. &" 150 AGARICINI. Marasmius. Rab. t. 8. / 8. Ag. Scop.— Sow. t. 95. Bull. t. 64, 569.7. 3. Fl. Dan. t. 1134. Mich. t. 74.7. 5. 25. M. graminum Berk. — Pileus scarcely exceeding 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, very pale rufous, the furrows' paler, umbo brown, nearly plane, itmbonate^ silicate. Stem quite smooth, shining, black, white above. Gills attached to a free collar, few, somewhat ventricose, even, with veiny interstices, cream-coloured. A most elegant species, and quite distinct from M. rotitla. On grass. Uncommon. July-Sept. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long. Gills 6-8 only. Fr. Name—gramen, grass. On grass. Berk. Out. p. 222. /. 14. /. 8. C. Hbk. n. 674. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 639. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 477. Ag. Lib. e.vs. 1 19. 26. M. androsaceus Fr.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, whitish or somewhat fuscous, membranaceous, arid, somewhat umbilicate, smooth, striate. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.) and more long, filiform, horny, fistulose, very tough, equal, very smooth, black, contorted and striate when dry. Gills adnate to the stem (without a collar), simple, distinct, distant, whitish. There are two forms : on deciduous leaves the pileus is whitish, deeply umbilicate, plicate, the mycelium (on oak-leaves) creeping within the sub- stance of the leaf; on perennial leaves (Pinus silvestris, Juniper, here and there on bark) the pileus is scarcely umbilicate, more even, somewhat fuscous, and the mycelium commonly free. On leaves, twigs, &c. Common. April-Nov. The umbilicus is darker. Name — androsaces, a zoophyte : madrepora acetabulum Linn. Perhaps from its form. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 229. Hym. Eur. p. 477. Berk. Out. p. 222. C. Hbk. n. 675. .i>'. Mycol. Scot. n. 640. Ag. Linn. — Fl. Dan. t. 1551. f. i. Bolt. t. 32. Sow. t. 94. Bull. t. 569. f. 2. Bocc. Mus. t. 104. 27. M. splachnoides Fr.— Pileus somewhat membranaceous, convex then expanded and umbilicate, smooth, striate. Stem horny, fistulose, smooth, shining, red ("becoming fuscous"). Gills somewhat decurrent, crowded, simple and anastomosing, white. Inodorous. Allied most closely to M. androsaceus ; differing however in the red stem, and somewhat decurrent, more crowded gills. Among pine-leaves. Cabalva, Foxley. Oct. By an error in 'Hym. Eur.' it is represented as being of the habit of M. pcrforans. See ' Epicr.' and 'Monogr.' Name — splachnum, a moss (. & Br. n. 1794. ** Stem velvety or pilose. 29. M. perforans Fr. — Pileus 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, whitish, becoming pale - rufescent, somewhat membranaceous, rather plane, rarely depressed, not umbilicate, without strice, at length slightly 'wrinkled. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, fistulose, not very horny, but tough, equal, even, everywhere velvety, bay-brown then black, inserted at the base. Gills adnate, numerous, simple, unequal (the alternate ones shorter), not very distant. Odour foetid, not of garlic. In appearance like the Calopodes. On fir-leaves. Rare. Aug. Name — perforo, to pierce. Perforating with its stem the leaves on which it grows. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 230. Hym. Eur. p. 478. Berk. Out. p. 223. C. Hbk. n. 676. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 641. Ag. Hoffm. Nomencl. t. 4. f. 2. Schcrff. t. 239. Batschf. 10. 30. M. insititius Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, white, membranaceous, pliant, convexo- plane, somewhat umbilicate, unpolished, even when young, then plicato - sulcate. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, horny, fistulose, attenuated down- wards into a simple (not tubercular) inserted base, floccoso- furfuraceous, rufous inclining to fuscous. Gills broadly adnate to the stem and attenuated to the margin, distant, simple, unequal, pale to white. Inodorous. Gregarious, arid. A very remarkable species. The habit is that of M. Vaillantii. On leaves, decayed grass, £c. Rare. Aug. Variable. Sometimes the stem is paler and the pileus less plicate. Some- times the disc is reticulated. M.J.B. Name — insero, to insert or graft. From the way in which the stem is engrafted on the host plant. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 230. Hym. Eur. p. 478. Berk. Out. p. 223. t. 14. f. 6 (white-stemmed var. ) B. & Br. n. 1792. C. Hbk. n. 677. ,S. Mycol. Scot. n. 642. 31. M. Hudsoni Fr. — Pileus scarcely 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pale fuscous-rufescent, membranaceous, hemispherical, slightly 152 AGARICINI. Marasmius. wrinkled, beset with scattered purple hairs. Stem horny, filiform, dark purple, with the same hairs as the pileus. Gills adnexed, narrow, single, white, the alternate ones dimidiate. Inodorous. On fallen holly-leaves. Frequent in England. Rare in Scot- land. June-Dec. The whole of the outer surface of the pileus is clothed with echinulate pro- cesses. B. &* Br. Spores fusiform, n mk., with a central nucleus very differ- ent from those of any other Agaric or Marasmius. B. & Br. Name — after Hudson, author of ' Flora Anglica.' Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 478. Berk. Out. p. 223. C. Hbk. n. 678. S. Mycol. Scot. n. '643. B. &- Br. n. 708*. t. 15. /. 3 (spores). Sow. t. 164. 32. M. epichloe Fr. — Pileus whitish, bay-brown-fuscous in the centre, thin, plano-convex, somewhat papillate, without striae. Stem bay-brown, opaque, sulcato-striate, the strice slightly bristly, paler at the base. Gills rounded, somewhat crowded, broader behind. On the base of grasses. Hereford. Name — CTU, upon ; x^, grass. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 479. B. dr3 Br. n. 1566. M. gramineus Leveill. 33. M. saccharinus Fr. — Pileus wholly white, membranaceous, convex, somewhat papillate, smooth, silicate and plicate. Stem very thin, filiform or attenuated upwards, flocculose then becom- ing smooth, inserted obliquely, reddish, pale at the apex. Gills broadly adnate, narrow, thick, very distant, reticulato - united, whitish. Stem often rufous-fuscous below. Tending more to the form of Mycena than the rest. On dead twigs. Rare. King's Cliffe, £c. Name — saccharon, sugar. Granulate. From the papillate pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 479. Monogr. \\. p. 231. Berk. Out. p. 224. B. & Br. n. C. Hbk. 11. 680. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 644. Ag. Batsckf. 83. 34. M. epiphyllus Fr. — Pileus 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) broad, milk-white, membranaceous, very thin, convex then plane, at length umbilicate, smooth, at length plicato-rugose. Stem 1-2.5 cent. (}4-i in.) long, very thin, somewhat horny, fistulose, equal, velvety under a lens, date-brown, whitish at the apex, inserted without mycelium at the base. Gills adnate, few (4-10), very distant, entire, veined, branched, white. Gregarious, very slender but persistent, inodorous. When dried it revives with moisture. Sometimes there are only wrinkles in place of gills. Baft. t. 28. D. Batsch f. 84 (very young). It occurs also wholly even beneath. Pers. Ic. fr5 descr. t. 9. f. 7. LENTINUS. 153 On dead leaves, twigs, £c. Common. Sept. -Oct. Marasmius. In large specimens the gills form a close collar round the stem, margin of the collar cream-coloured. M.J.B. Name — eni, upon ; v\\ov, a leaf. Fr. Mt'HOgr. \\. p. 231. Hyin. Enr. p. 479. Berk. Out. p. 224. C. Hbk. n. 679. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 645. Ag. Tratt. Austr.f. 22. Fl. Dan. t. 1194. /! i. Sow. t. 93. III.— APUS. 35. M. spodoleucus Berk. — Pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, cinere- ous, pulverulent or slightly furfuraceous, conchate, resupinate, margin free, arched. Stem none. Hymenium white, very even. Gills few, narrow, entire, so short as to have a naked space at the base, white, interstices even. On dead elm-twigs. Batheaston. Spores very small, 1-2 mk. IV. G.S. Name — cnroSo?, wood-ash; white. From the cinereous pileus and white hymenium and gills. B. £r Br. n. 803. Berk. Out. p. 224. C. Hbk. n. 68 1. 36. M. Broomei Berk. — Half-resupinate. Pallid brown then striate black ; hymenium shining white. Gills distant, veined ; interstices even. On dead twigs. Batheaston. Jan. Name — after C. E. Broome. B. & Br. n. 1795. GENUS XV. — Lentinus (lentus, tough or pliant). Fr. Epicr. p. 387. Lentinus. Pileus fleshy-coriaceous, pliant, or in fleshy species becoming hard when old, persistent. Hymen- ophore continuous with the stem or the base of the pileus when ses- sile. Gills concrete with the hy- menophore, thin, unequal, membran- aceous, with the edge serrated or torn in a tootJied manner. Spores somewhat round, even, white. WitJi the exception of one species, grow- ing on wood, polymorpJious, some- what irregular, very numerous in warmer countries, decreasing in num- ber and not becoming so hard to- o wards the north. Fr. Hym. Eur. P' 4S0- LIV. Lentinus cochlcatns. A very natural, though very poly- fourth natural size. u One- 154 AGARICINI. Lentinus. morphic genus. The serrated or torn edge of the gills is a dis- tinctive feature. I. MESOPODES (^eo-6?, middle ; TTOVS, a foot). Pileus nearly entire. Stem distinct. * Lepidei (Aeon's, a scale). Pileus scaly. More or less manifestly veiled. (In none of the following groups is there a veil.) ** Pulverulenti (pnlvis, dust). Pileus villous or pulverulent. *** Cochleati (cochlea, a snail-shell, lobed and twisted in shape). Pileus smooth. II. PLEUROTI (n\evp6v, a side ; ov?, an ear). Dimidiate, sessile or furnished with a somewhat lateral stem. I.— MESOPODES. * Lepidei. Pileus scaly, &>c. 1. L. tigrinus Fr.— Pileus commonly 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, white, variegated with somewhat adpressed, blackish, hairy squamules, fleshy-coriaceous, thin, commonly orbicular and cen- tral, at first convexo-plane, iimbilicate, at length iiifundibuliform, often split at the margin when dry. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, thin, solid, very hard, commonly attenuated downwards, minutely squamulose, whitish, often ascending and becoming fuscous at the base, at first furnished at the apex with an entire reflexed ring, which soon falls off. Gills decurrent (by no means sinuate], narrow, crowded, unequal, toothed like a saw, white. Somewhat gregarious, even casspitose, thinner and more coriaceous and regular than L. lepideus. B. wholly blackish with squamules. On old stumps. Rare. When fresh very tender and easily torn, when dry coriaceous. Sozu. Smell strong, acrid, like that of some Lactarii. M.J.B. Spores 3x7 mk. W. G.S. Name — tigrinus, tiger-like. From the marking on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 233. Hym. Eur. p. 481. Berk. Out. p. 224. C. Hbk. n. 682. Ag. Bull. t. 70. Sow. t. 68. Batt. t. 12. /. B-D. * L. Dunalii Fr. — Pileus pallid, with adpressed, separating, spot-like scales, fleshy -coriaceous, thin, umbilicate, irregularly shaped. Stem short, somewhat silky. Gills decurrent, crowded, pallid. When the scales separate the pileus is even. Veil scarcely manifest. Very much allied to L. tigrinus. On ash-trees. Rare. Csespitose. Pileus 2 in. broad, margin deflexed, sometimes variously split and sinuated, yellow-white, with brownish rather close scales, margin nearly smooth : gills dichotomous, crenate. Stem i in. high, 3 lin. thick, tough, the lower part clothed with dark, nearly square, adpressed scales, the upper half not scaly, white, resembling the under side of white kid leather. Odour sub- LENTINUS. 155 acid, farinaceous. ALJ.B. Name— after Dunal. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 481. Lentinus. Berk. Out. p. 225. t. 15. /. 2. C. Hbk. n. 683. Datt. t. 12. A. 2. L. lepideus Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, pallid- ochraceous, variegated with adpressed, darker, spot-like scales, fleshy, very compact and firm, irregular, commonly excentric, convex then depressed, but not truly umbilicate, sometimes broken up into cracks; flesh pliant, white. Stem short, com- monly 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, solid, stout, very irregularly formed, almost woody, tomentoso-scaly, whitish, rooted at the base, at tJie first furnished with a corti?ia towards the apex. Gills decurrent, but sinuate behitid, crowded, broad, transversely striate, whitish, edge torn into teeth. Odour pleasant. Almost always solitary ; earlier than the rest, often ap- pearing quite in spring. Very variable in stature and size. Cortina very fugacious. Gills very remarkable in being sitruate behind while decurrent. Often pierced by larvae when old. Sow. t. 382 is a monstrous form of this. On pine. Rare. July. Fries refers to various monstrous forms found in close places, cellars, aque- ducts, &c. I have one such from under a floor ; more than 2 feet in height, the very thick woody stem springing from a dense leathery stratum, which covered yards of the wood, then branched and united in fantastic forms, like branched coral, with here and there a small infundibuliform pileus on the end of a branch. Spores very white. Fr. ; 11x5 mk. W.G.S. Name — ACJTIS, a scale. From the pileus. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 233. Hym. Eur. p. 481. Berk. Out. p. 225. C. Hbk. n. 684. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 646. Ag. Schceff. t. 29, 30. Buxb. C. iv. /. 25. ** Pulverulent. Pileus villous or pulverulent. 3. L. leontopodius Schulz. — Pileus tan-clay-colour, fleshy- coriaceous, tough, irregular, delicately to7ne)itose, disc depressed, the deflexed margin slightly lobed. Stem thick, woody, un- polished, pulverulent, pale chestnut, blackish downwards. Gills decurrent, connected by veins, wrinkled at the sides, serrated at the edge. Large, handsome, with a pleasant taste. Pileus here and there cinnamon with the down. On decayed willow. Menmuir, Forfarshire. Name— AeW, a lion ; TTOUS, a foot. From the appearance of the stem. Schulz. — Kalchbr. in litt. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 482. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 647. 4. L. pulverulentus Fr. — Pileus yellow, mealy with white dust, fleshy-pliant, convex. Stem stout, elongated, equal, rigid, mealy with white dust. Gills slightly toothed, white. Caespitose. 156 AGARICINI. Lentinus. On dead trunks. Glamis, 1875. Oct. Tufted, at first infundibuliform, then lateral flabelliform, fuliginous, floccoso- pulverulent, with little umber particles ; stem elongated, at length smooth ; gills thick, pallid, deeply decurrent, their edge crenulate but not torn. Pileus 2 inches across, stem 3 inches high. B. er1 Br. Name — piilvis, dust. Pul- verulent. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 483. B. &> Br. n. 1567. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 648. Ag. Scop. Cam. p. 434. * L. resinaceus Fr. — Pileus ocliraceous-cinnamon, somewhat fleshy, pliant, excentric, somewliatgummy-villous. Stem unequal, tomentose. Gills crowded, serrated, shining white. Somewhat crespitose. Covered with a dry, tenacious, somewhat resinous gluten arising from the quasi-glandular villous down. On trunks. Forres. Name — resina, resin. From the resinous covering. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 483. B. &* Br. n. 1283. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 649. Ag. Trog. Fl. 1832. p. 525. 5. L. adhserens Fr. — Pileus dingy pallid, somewhat fleshy, pliant, irregular, convexo-umbonate then depressed and infundi- buliform, lacunose, somewhat pulverulent, coated with a glutin- ous varnish. Stem somewhat hollow, rooted, of the same colour as the pileus and like it coated with a glutinous varnish. Gills decurrent in lines, very thin, torn, white. Small, unequal, taste at length astringent. In pine woods. Rare. Name— ad, and hczreo, to stick. From the glutinous varnish. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 483. C. Hbk. n. 685. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 649. Ag. A. & S.— A. adhsesivus With. *** Cochleati. Pileus smooth. 6. L. cochleatus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, flesh- colour, but becoming pale, somewhat tan, fleshy-pliant, thin, commonly excentric, imbricated, very unequal, somewhat lobed or contorted, sometimes plane, sometimes infundibuliform-umbi- licate, but not pervious, smooth. Stem solid, firm, sometimes central, most frequently excentric, sometimes wholly lateral, always sulcate, smooth, flesh-coloured upwards, rufous-fuscous downwards. Gills decurrent, crowded, serrated, white -flesh- colour. Pliant, tough, flaccid, very changeable in form, sometimes solitary, some- times caespitose, imbricated, growing into each other. From very small forms, which are commonly solitary, with the stem and pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) it ranges to 7.5 cent. (3 in.) On stumps. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. LENTINUS. 157 According to Fries the odour is weak, of anise ; but it is generally strong Lentinus. and very pleasant. Spores sphceroid or ellipsoid-sphseroid, uniguttate, 4-6 mk. K. ; almost globular, 4 mk. II'. G.S. Name — cochlea, a snail-shell. From the shape. Fr. j\lonc>gr. ii. p. 235. Hym. Ear. p. 484. Berk. Out. p. 226. /. ig./". 4. C. Hbk. n. 686. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 650. Price t. 125. Ag. Sow. t. 1 68. II. — PLEUROTI. Dimidiate, £c. 7. L. scoticus B. & Br. — Pileus 1-4 cent. (K-JX inO broad, pallid, at length brownish, hygrophanous, umbilicate, sometimes infundibuliform, at length flattened ; extremely variable in form, either quite stemless and reniform, or variously stipitate, lobed at the margin and sinuate, or plicate. Stem when present vary- ing from 4 mm. (2 lin.) to 5 cent. (2 in.) long, cylindrical, darker, pulverulent, springing from a brown, fibrillose mycelium. Gills decurrent when the stem is developed, rather distant, strongly toothed. Solitary or csespitose ; sometimes 2 pilei are joined. Inodorous, or at any rate without ?.ny odour of aniseed. The nearest ally to this curious species is L. omphalodes. On decayed ulex, birch and spruce. Menmuir. Glamis. Nov.- Jan. The teeth of the gills are very irregularly torn. Name — Scottish. B. & Br. n. 1423. S. J\fycol. Scot. n. 651. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 485. 8. L. fimbriatus Curr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (X-1 in.) broad, fawn- colour, covered with darker floccose scales, somewhat dimidiate, somewhat coriaceous, thin (not fleshy), depressed, sometimes very much so and almost cyathiform, margin slightly involute, almost strigose. Stem JHs-X in. long, lateral, rough with some- what reflexed scales of the same colour as the gills, or rather paler. Gills descending, but not decurrent, irregularly serrated and torn at the margin, pale brown. In young specimens a delicate white fimbriate collar or fringe (the remains of the ruptured veil) separates the gills from the stem. Pilei two or three together, one above another in an imbricated manner. Some of the pilei tinged here and there with pink stains. On a stump standing in a pond. Lewes. Sept. Noxs\&—JimbritB, fringe. From the fimbriate collar. Currey in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxiv. p. 152. /. 25. /. 2. C. Hbk. n. 688. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 485. 9. L. vulpinus Fr. Sessile, many times imbricated. — Pilei tan, fleshy, very pliant, reniform-conchate, very convex, margin deflexed and almost perpendicular, hence concave beneath ; sur- face wholly peculiar, with raised longitudinal ribs, which are 158 AGARICINI. Lentinus. broken up into scales or fibrous teeth towards the margin, hence entirely rough and corrugated, and white-warty behind. Gills extended to the base, broad, crowded, torn into teeth. Pilei like steps of a ladder (the intermediate ones largest, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad), horizontal, connate behind in a dense cluster, the common base pierc- ing the trunks of trees. Substance white. Margin thin, incurved, becoming fuscous in older specimens. When dry the pileus often gapes open in longi- tudinal cracks. The gills at the base are concrete with the substance of the pileus. It sheds very plentiful, ^vhite spores, hence the clusters when old are very white-mealy. On stumps. Rare. Smell very strong and overpowering, somewhat resembling that of field mint. M.J.B. Spores almost globular, very small, 2 mk. W.G.S. Name — vulpes, a fox ; foxy. Meaning obscure. Ft: Monogr. ii. p. 238. Hym. Eur. p. 486. Icon. t. 176. f. i. Berk. Out. p. 226. C. Hbk. n. 687. Sow. 10. L. flabelliformis Fr. Somewhat sessile.— Pileus not ex- ceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, pallid fawn-colour, mcmbrana- ceous, pliant, remform, plane, even, smooth, margin frmbriato- toothed. Stem commonly rudimentary, thin, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) long. Gills broad, somewhat distant, rather thick, pallid or whitish, torn into teeth at the edge. Commonly exactly lateral with a rudimentary stem; much smaller and thinner than any of the rest, at length crisped. Var. herbarum very small, the membranaceous pileus becoming pale. On stumps. Rare. Perhaps Bolton's plant may be only Ag. salignus. M.J.B. Name—; -flabel- lum, a small fan ; forma, form. From the shape. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 239. Hym. Eur. p. 487. Berk. Out. p. 226. C. Hbk. n. 689. Ag. Bolt. t. 157 ? Panus GENUS XVI. — Panus (a name given to an arboreal fungus by Pliny.) Fr. Epicr. p. 396. Whole fungus fleshy-coriaceous, tough, drying up, of fibrous texture, which radiates into the hymenium. Gills concrete with the hymenophore, unequal, at length coriaceous, edge quite entire. Spores even, white, somewhat cylindrical in species which have been examined. Growing on wood, various inform, lasting long. A genus which must be inserted in this series on account of its flesh which is pliant and somewhat coriaceous (even in the gills), allied to the Lentini> but differing from them in the firmer, coriaceous and very entire gills. Either poisonous, or owing to the toughness of the substance not suitable for eating. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 487. PANUS. *** * Pi lens irregular, stem excentric. Panus. ** Stem definitely lateral. Pileus resupinate, sessile or extended behind. * Pileus irregular, stem excentric. 1. P. conchatus Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, cin- namon then becoming pale, fleshy-pliant, thin, unequal, excentric, even dimidiate, flaccid, squamulose when old. Stem about 12 mm. (>£ in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, un- equal, often compressed, pubescent at the base. Gills deeply decurrent in parallel lines, by no means anasto- mosing, but here and there branched and unequal, at first whitish or pale flesh-colour, at length ochraceous- wood-colour, crisped when dry. Caespitose, often imbricated and grow- ing into each other. No form is constant. So much allied to P. tortilosus that the real difference is not apparent. It is thinner, more conchate and more lobed than that species. On trunks. Rare. June-Oct. L V. Panus torulosus. One-fourth natural size. Name — concha, a shell. Shell-shaped. Fr. Alonogr. \\. p. 240. Hym. Eur. p. 488. Berk. Out. p. 227. C. Hbk. n. 691. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 652. Krombh. t. 42. /. i, 2. Schceff. t. 43, 44. Bull. t. 298, 517. / O. P. 2. P. torulosus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, some- what flesh-colour, but varying rufescent - livid and becoming violet, entire^ but very excentric, fleshy, somewhat compact when young, plano-infundibuliform, even, smooth ; flesh pallid. Stem short, commonly 2.5 cent, (i in.), solid, oblique, tough, firm, com- monly with grey, but often violaceous down. Gills decurrent, somewhat distant, simple, separate behind, reddish then tan- colour. Very changeable in form, at first fleshy-pliant, at length coriaceous. In the covering of the stem it approaches Paxillus atro-tomentosus, but there is no affinity between them. On old stumps. Frequent. Spores 6x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — torulus, a tuft of hair. From the hairy down on the stem. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 240. Hym. Enr. p. 489. Berk. Out. p. 226. C. Hbk. n. 690. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1881, p. 37. Ag. Krombh. t. 42. / 3-5. Bolt. t. 146 (var.) Gonn. & Rab. t. 12. f. 4. Batsch f. 33. Paul. t. 26. /. 3, 4. Nees Syst.f. 176. l6o AGARICINI. Panusi ** Stem definitely lateral. 3. P. stipticus Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent- (X-1 in-) broad, cin- namon becoming pale, arid, thin, but not membranaceous, reni- form, pruinose, the cuticle separating into furfnraceous scales. Stem not reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, solid, definitely lateral, compressed, dilated upwards, ascending, pruinose, paler than the gills. Gills ending determinately (not decurrent), thin, very narrow, crowded, elegantly connected by veins, cinnamon. Gregarious, casspitose, remarkable for its astringent taste. The pileus sometimes has an infundibuliform appearance with lobes all round. On stumps, &c. Common. Aug.-Feb. Reckoned poisonous. Spores obovoid-sphaeroid, 2-3x1-2 mk. K. ; 3x4 mk. \V. G.S. Name — stypticus, astringent. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 241. Hym. Eur. p. 489. Berk. Out. p. 227. C. Hbk. n. 692. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 653. Ag. Bull. t. 140, 557, /. i. Schceff. t. 208. Sow. t. 109. Fl. Dan. t. 832. f. i, 1292. f. i. Trait. Austr. t. 2. Krombh. £44. /. 13-17. Buxb. C.v.t. lo.f. i. 4. P. farinaceus Schum. — Pileus cinnamon-umber, somewhat coriaceous, flexuous, cuticle separating into whitish-bluish-grey sciirf. Stem short, lateral, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills determinately free, distinct, paler. The habit is that of P. stipticus. On fir pole. Glamis, 1873. Dec. Name— -farin a, meal. From the scurf on the pileus. Schum. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 490. £. Mycol. Scot. n. 654. Pileus resupinate, sessile or extended behind. 5. P. patellaris Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (% in.) or a little more broad, pallid externally, resupinate, coriaceous, orbicular, plano- cup-shaped, adnate by the sessile vertex, the free margin involute, furfuraceo - villous externally. Gills concurrent in a central point, crowded, quite entire, arid, dark ochraceous. Very remarkable, nearest to P. stipticus. On cherry. Forres. March. Name— patella, a small dish. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 242. Hym. Eur. p. 490. Icon. t. 176. /. 3. B. 6° Br. ?i. 1680. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 655. 6. P. Stevensoni B. & Br. — Pileus olivaceous-light yellow, spathulate ; flesh greenish-yellow. Stem dilated upwards, con- vex and golden, slightly hispid. Gills narrow, entire. On oak. Glamis, 1877. Penicuik, 1878. Sept. -Oct. XEROTUS. A very striking species. Name — after Rev. John Stevenson. 1796. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 656. /?. i6i />;-. ;/. GENUS XVII. — Xerotus Fr. Elench. i. p. dry; o5s, an ear). 48. Xerotus. Hymenophore continuous with the stem, descending into the trama which is homogeneous with the coriaceous pileus. Gills coriaceous, broadly plicasform, di- chotomous, edge quite entire, ob- tuse. Rigid, persistent, analogous with the CantJiarelli, but differing in the whole structure. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 491. 1. X. degener Fr.— Pileus date- brown-grey when moist, when dry grey, somewhat zoned, coriaceo-mem- branaceous, very thin, but very tough, plano-infundibuliform, striate when moist, flocculose when dry. Stem not 2.5 cent, (i in.), often only 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, very tough, solid or floccoso- stuffed at the apex, equal, fuscous, somewhat white-velvety. Gills decurrent, few, very distant, when rightly developed thin, rather broad, whitish-grey, edge acute, flaccid. When dry the pileus is zoneless in smaller specimens. When the gills are less fully developed, they resemble the ribs of Cladoderris, the edge being very obtuse. They vary, sometimes all equal, simple, sometimes simply dichoto- mous, with shorter alternate ones. They are the most widely distant of any of the species of Agaricini. On peaty soil among short grass. Glamis, Warren, 1877. Jan. This extremely rare species has hitherto been recorded as British by Sowerby only. My specimens, in the opinion of Berkeley were nearest Schceff. t. 243. Spores elliptical, irregular, 8-12x4-6 mk. B. Name — degener, degenerate. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 243. Hym. Eur. p. 491. Berk. Out. p. 227. C. Hbk. n. 693. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 657. Ag. Schccff. t. 243. A. turfosus Sow. t. 210. L VI. Xerotus degcncr. One- half natural size. VOL. II. 162 AGARICINI. Trogia. GENUS XVIII.— Trogia (after Trog, a Swiss botanist). Fr. Epicr. p. 402. Gills fold -like, edge longitudinally channelled (in the single European species only crisped). In other respects agreeing with Xerotus. Soft, flaccid, but arid and persistent, texture Jibrillose. Fr. Hym. Enr. p. 491. Reviving when wet. Spores white. 1. T. crispa Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. ()4-i in.), light yellow-rufescent behind, whitish at the margin, sessile with or without a vertical stem, then reflexed, horizontal, very irregular- ly shaped, lobed, delicately villous. Gills in the form of veins, dichoto- mons, narrow, crisped, very much swollen, edge very obtuse but not channelled, whitish or bluish-grey. Substance and texture as described in the generic characters. Very grega- rious, commonly imbricated. When young pezizoid or cup-shaped. On logs, birch, &c. Uncommon. Oct.-Nov. It occurs almost white. Spores elongated or cylindrical, 4x1 mk. K. Name — crispits, crisped or curled. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 244. Hym. Enr. p. 492. C. Hbk. n. 694. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 658. Merulius Pers. Ic. descr. t. 8. /. 7. Cantharellus Fl. Dan. t. 1759. B. & Br. n. 1135. L VII. Trogia crispa . Natural size. Schizophyl- lum. GENUS XIX. — Schizophyllum (axtfa, to split ; $v\\ovt a leaf). Fr. Obs. i. p. 103. Pileus fleshless, arid. Gills coriaceous, fan-wise branched, united above by the tomentose pellicle, bifid, split longitudinally at the edge. Spores somewhat round, white. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 492. The two lips of the split edge of the gills are commonly revo- lute. The farthest removed of all the Agaricini from the type. Growing on wood. 1. S. commune Fr. — Pileus scarcely exceeding 2. 5 cent, (i in.), LENZ1TES. him. very arid, pendulous, commonly extended behind into a stem-like Schizophyl base, entire or lobed, covered with whitish-grey down. Gills fuscous- grey then purplish, villous, revolute at the edsre. On dead wood, logs, £c. Rare in Britain. White or greyish zoned, sometimes resu- pinate. Jf.y.B. Spores very small, almost globular, 3 mk. ll'.G.S. In Britain it is usually found and is common on foreign logs. In the 'Scottish Cryptogamic Flora' Greville records it as having been gathered on Dundas Hill, near Edinburgh. I have ex- amined his specimen in the Edinburgh Her- barium marked " Dundas Hill." From the locality and from Greville's well-known accu- racy, there can be no doubt that it was in- L VIIL Schizophyllum commune. digenous. Berkeley and Broome state that Natural size. Section ten times ' ' undoubtedly indigenous specimens have natural size, occurred both in Buckinghamshire and Kent in 1878." Name — communis, common. Common in most countries. Fr. JAwiHv;-. ji. p. 244. Hym. Eur. p. 492. Berk. Out. p. 228. B. & Br. n. 1796*. C. Hbk. n. 695. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 659. Grev. t. 61. Krombh. t. 4. /. 14-16. Ag. Linn. — Batsch f. 126. Bull. t. 346, 581. /. i. Sow. t. 183. GENUS XX. — Lenzites (after Lenz, a German botanist). Lenzites. Fr. Epicr. p. 403. Pileus corky or coriaceous, texture arid and floccose. Gills coriaceous, firm, sometimes simple and unequal, sometimes anas- tomosing and forming pores behind, trama floccose and similar to the pileus, edge somewhat acute. The European species are dimidiate, sessile, persistent, growing on wood, quite resembling D&dalea. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 492. Allied most nearly to Trametes and Dcsdalea and forming as it were the transition from Agaricini to Polyporei. In tropical countries they are more woody in texture. * On wood of deciduous trees. 1. L. betulina Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent- 0~2 m-) broad, pale, grey-whitish, corky-coriaceous, firm and rigid, becoming plane, tomentose, commonly obsoletely zoned, zones sometimes darker; flesh floccose, white. Gills reaching the base, straight, some- i64 AGARICINI. LI X. Lenzites betulina. One-fourth natural size. Lenzites. times simple, sometimes branched and often anastomosing, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, dingy white^ edge acute. Dimidiate, sessile. It varies solitary and casspitoso-imbricated. The margin is of the same colour. Stumps, logs, &c., chiefly birch. Common in England. Rare in Scot- land. Perennial. Deeply grooved concentrically. Often green with minute Algce. Often quite re- supinate, and then very deceptive. M.J.B. Name — bet it la, birch. Fr. JMouogr. \\. p. 246. Hym. Fur. p. 493. Berk. Out. p. 228. t. 15. / 3. C. Hbk: n. 696. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 660. Ag. Linn. — Fl. Dan. t. 1555. B. with darker gills. Sow. t. 182. Seller/, t. 57 is a handsome form. 2. L. flaccida Fr. — Pileus at first whitish, then dingy, with zones whol- ly of the same colour, coriaceous, thin, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, unequal, easily bent, strigoso- hairy. Gills thick, firm, straight, very broad, crowded, simple or branched, with shorter ones intermixed, at first shining white, then becoming pale. The gills are never anastomosing, but here and there obfurcate, i.e. , towards the base. Commonly taken for L. betulina, but wholly different. On stumps. Frequent in England. y*a.me—ftaccidus, flaccid. Fr. ^lonogr. p. 246. Hym. Eur. p. 493. Berk. Out. p. 228. C. Hbk. n. 697. Ag. Bull. t. 394. Bolt. t. 158. ** On wood of trees with leaves like needles. 3. L. ssepiaria Fr. — Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, yellow- tawny when young (remaining so at the margin when full grown), date brown when full grown, becoming black when old, corky- coriaceous, hard, convex becoming plane, sometimes orbicular, more frequently extended longitudinally, zoned, strigoso-tomen- tose, at length squamulose and pitted ; flesh tawny. Gills extended to the base, very rigid and firm, branched, more or less anasto- mosing, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, yellowish when in vigour, but umber when old, the edge entire or slightly toothed. Dimidiate, lateral. The gills are like those of Dccdalca. It varies resupi- nate, forming orbicular placenta-like patches. There are many remarkable monstrous forms ; occasionally the hymenium is wholly that of Polyporus. On pine. Uncommon. Jan. -Dec. LENZITES. 165 Name — scrpis, a hedge, fence. Growing on old fences. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. Lenzites. 247. Hym. Eur. p. 494. Berk. Out. p. 228. C. Hbk. n. 698. S. Mycol. Scot. ?!. 66 r. Dcedalea — Scha-ff. t. 76. Ag. Sow. t. 418. Buxb. C. v. t. 6.— I 'a ill. t. i.f. 1-3 (resupinate var.) 4. L. abietina Fr. — Pileus umber-tomentosetr. then becoming smooth, hoary, coriaceous, thin and comparatively soft, zoneless, cjf'uso-reflc.vcd; flesh very thin, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills decurrent in the effused base, distant, simple, unequal, not anastomosing, but here and there interrupted, or torn into teeth, becoming glaucous 'with dense pruina. Nearly always lengthened out even to as much as 30 cent. (12 in.), but always remaining narrow, about 12 mm. (y, in.) broad. Effuso-reflexed, but sometimes remaining resupinate. Chiefly on dressed fir. Rare. Glasgow. Perennial. Perhaps imported. Name — abies, fir. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 247. Hym. Eur. p. 495. Berk. Out. p. 229. C. Hbk. n. 699. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 662. Ag. Bull. t. 442. f. 2, 541. /. i. Ventur. t. 60. /. 3-5. i66 ORDER II.— POLYPOREI. Hymenophore inferior, facing the ground ; hymenium consist- ing of tubes with poriform mouths which are round or angular, sometimes sinuous or torn, lined within with 4-spored sporo- phores and cystidia. Fleshy ; coriaceous, or woody fungi, most abundant and luxu- riant in warm countries. Intermediate between the Agaricini and the Hydnei, connected with the former by Dcedalea and Lcnzites, and witli the latter by Fistulina and Boletus. GENUS XXL — Boletus. Dill. Fr. Obs. i. p. 109. (The name of a fungus considered a great delicacy among the Romans, derived from )8 in.) long, thin, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, even, fragile, of the same colour as the pileus, containing yellow milk at the base. Tubes decurrent, ferrugin- ous ; pores large, angular. Smaller than the rest, occasionally rimoso-squamulose. Easily distin- guished by its peppery taste. In woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Reckoned poisonous. Spores oval, brown, 8x4 mk. W.G.S.; ellipsoid- oblong, yellowish, 8-9x3-4 mk. K. Name— piper, pepper. From the taste. Bull. t. 451. f. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 500. Syst. 3,Iyc. i. p. 388. Sv. all. Sv. t. 67. Berk. Out. p. 231. C. Hbk. n. 708. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 670. Sow. t. 34. Fl. Dan. t. 1850. f. 2. Krombh. t. 37. f. 16-20. Rostk. t. 6. Barla t. 32. f. 5-10. Corda Sturm xi. t. 60. — Batsch t. 128. ** Departing from the type, of doubtful affinity. No British species. B. Subtomentosi. Pileus destitute of a viscid pellicle, &c. 11. B. variegatus Sw.— Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, dark yellow, convex then plane, obtuse, slightly moist, sprinkled with superficial^ fasciculate-hairy squamules, the acute margin at the first flocculose ; flesh yellow, here and there becoming azure- blue. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (l/2 in.) thick, firm, equal, even, dark yellow, sometimes reddish. Tubes adnate, unequal, pores minute, brown then cinnamon. The scales on the pileus are separating. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Sept. -Oct. Smell unpleasant, taste not so. M.J.B. Spores oval, greenish-ochre, 3x2 mk. W.G.S.; oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline or very pale yellow, 8-11x3-4 mk. K. Name— variegated. Of the different colours. Swarfs. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 501. Syst. Myc. i. p. 388. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 66. Berk. Out. p. 231. C. Hbk. n. 711. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 671. Lenzf. 39. Krombh. t. 34. f. 15-18, and /. 75. f. 7-14. Harz. t. 15. Rostk. t. 16. — B. Golden. Schceff. t. 115. 12. B. sulphureus Fr. — Pileus sulphur-yellow, compact, con- vex then plane, silky-tomentose with innate floccij flesh light 172 POLYPOREI. Boletus. yellow, becoming more or less azure-blue when broken, but golden when exposed to the air, here and there reddish under the tubes. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, firm, ventricose, even, smooth, sulphur-yellow, at length becom- ing dingy ferruginous. Tubes aclnato-decurrent, short, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) long, adhering more closely than usual, changeable on being touched, at length with ferruginous spots ; pores minute, compound, sulphur-yellow, at length becoming green. Springing from a broadly expanded, golden, woolly mycelium, it is very caespitose, with the appearance of Ag. spectabilis. Among sawdust. Loch-an-Eilan, Rothiemurchus. Sept. Spores light yellow then ochraceous. Ft: Name — sulphur, brimstone. Sulphur-yellow. Fr. Hym. Eitr. p. 502. B. & Br, n. 1424. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 672. 13. B. striaepes Seer. — Pileus olivaceous, the cuticle ferrugin- ous within, convex then plane, soft, silky. Stem firm, curved, yellow, with fuscous-black stritz, fuscous-rufescent at the base. Tubes aclnate, angular, greenish; pores minute, yellow. Flesh white, yellow at the tubes, and at the base of the stem which is exter- nally of the same colour and velvety. In woods. Rare. Flesh sparingly changing to blue. M.J.B. Name — stria, a line; pes, a foot. From the striate stem. Seer. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 502. Berk. Out. p. 232. C. Hbk. ?i. 712. Battar. t. 29. C. I 14. B. chrysenteron Fr. — Pileus fuscous or somewhat brick- colour, convexo-plane, soft, floccoso-sqicamulose; flesh yellow, red beneatJi the cuticle. Stem somewhat equal, rigid, fibroso-striate, scarlet or light yellow. Tubes somewhat adnate ; pores rather large, angular, unequal, greenish-yellow. The pileus is often cracked into patches, and then the cracks are scarlet. Varying in stature like its allies, with the pileus becoming smooth and more brightly coloured, with the flesh becoming somewhat azure-blue, and with the tubes depressed round the stem. In woods and open ground. Common. July-Nov. Edible. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) or more broad. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-12 mm. (Y^-Yz in.) thick, easily distinguished by the red cracks. Spores spindle-shaped, pale warm brown, 14-2 mk. W.G.S. Name — xp'-"™?. gold ; eWepa, inward parts. From its yellow flesh. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 502. Berk. Out. p. 232. C. Hbk. u. 713. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 673. Bull. t. 490. /. 3. Hussey i. t. 5. Qucl. t. 16. /. 4. 15. B. subtomentosus Linn. — Pileus somewhat olivaceous, of the same colour beneath the cuticle, pulvinato-expanded, soft, dry, BOLETUS. 173 villoso-toinentose. Stem stout, attenuated downwards, somewhat Boletus. ribbcd-sulcate, slightly rough with dots under a lens. Tubes adnate ; pores large, angular, yellow. Flesh white or pallid, not red beneath the cuticle. When the pileus is cracked the interstices become yellow. The colour of the pileus is brighter when the olivaceous down disappears. In woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. About same size as B. chrysenteroii. Often growing on beech-nuts. M.J.B. Easily distinguished by its yellow cracks. Spores oval, yellowish-brown, 14 x 5 mk. IV.G.S. ; fusoideo-oblong, hyaline or very pale yellow, 11-13x4-5 ink. K. Name — sub, and tomentosus, downy. Linn. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 503. Berk. Out. p. 232. C. Hbk. n. 714. £. Mycol. Scot. n. 674. Price f. 2 Vivian, t. 37. Go/in. &= Rab. vii. /. $.f. i. Bolt. t. 84. middle fig. — Schceff. t. 112. Krombh. t. 37. f. 8-n. Bull. t. 393. Fl. Dan. t. 1074. Battar. t. 30. f. F. Krombh. t. 48. f. 1-6 represents a beautiful var. , somewhat rerugmous. 16. B. spadiceus Schaeff. — Pileus date -brown, opaque, pul- vinato - expanded, moderately compact, dry, tomentose, then widely cracked ; the white flesh unchangeable, fuscous reddish above. Stem firm, clavate, even, flocculoso-furfuraceoits, yellow inclining to fuscous. Tubes adnate, yellow ; pores minute, some- what round. The stem is compact, not reddish, yellowish-white internally. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1875. Aug. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad. Stem very thick. Name — spadix, a palm-branch. Date-brown. Schceff. t. 126. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 503. B.&Br. n. 1797. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 675. — Krombh. t. 36. /. 19, 20. 17. B. radicans Pers. — Pileus olivaceous-cinereous then pale yellowish, pulvinate, dry, somewhat tomentose, the thin margin involute ; flesh light yellow, becoming immediately dark azure- blue. Stem attenuato-rooted, even, light yellow, flocculose with reddish pruina, naked and dark when touched. Tubes adnate ; pores unequal, large, lemon-yellow. Taste bitterish. The pores are those of B. subtomentosus, the habit that of B. badius. In woods. Epping Forest. Staplehurst, &c. Spores spindle-shaped, very pale ochre, almost white, 6x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — radix, a root. Rooting. Pers. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 503. Journ. Bot. 1873, /. 337. C. Hbk. n. 714. Opatowski Bolet. t. i. 18. B. rubinus Smith. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, yellow -fuscous, pulvinato -gibbous then plane, dry, somewhat tomentose, slightly cracked ; flesh vivid yellow, wholly unchange- 174 POLYPOREI. Boletus. able. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, yellow, smeared with crimson, irregular. Tubes somewhat decurrent, compound, of medium size, wholly carmine. It differs from all other British species in the wholly carmine tubes, together with the vivid yellow, wholly unchangeable flesh. In mixed woods. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Spores oval, almost round, pale warm brown, 6x5 mk. If". G.S. Name— ruler, red. From the tubes. Smith Seem, Journ. 1868, /. 33. /. 75. f. 1-4. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 504. C. Hbk. n. 709. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 676. C. Subpruinosi. Pileus smooth, but most frequently pruinose, &c. 19. B. pruinatus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, purplish-bay-brown, innber-pruijiose, convex then plane, rigid, dry; flesh white, but also obsoletely green or azure-bluish. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, firm, somewhat ventricose, even, smooth, variegated yellow and reddish. Tubes adnate, light yellow ; pores minute, round. On grassy ground. Kew, £c. Name — pruina, hoar-frost. From the pruinose pileus. Fr. Hym. Enr. p. 504. Epicr. p. 414. B. cr1 Br. n. 1285. Schceff. t. 133 ? — Bull. t. 393. / B. C. 20. B. parasiticus Bull. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, dingy yellow, convex then plane, silky becoming smooth, dry, soon cracked in a tesselated manner. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, thin, rigid, incurved, externally and internally yellow. Tubes decur- rent, of medium size, compound, golden. The colour of the pileus is variable. On species of Sclerodcrma. Rare. Clifton. Kew. Tubes labyrinthiform. Not viscid in any stage of growth. B. 6^ Bi\ Spores spindle-shaped, elongated, pale brown, 14x4 mk. II'. G.S. Name— parasitits, a guest. Parasitic. Bull. t. 451. /. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 505. Syst. Myc. i. p. 389. Berk. Out. p. 231. C. Hbk. n. 710. Saund. & Sm. t. 43. Rostk. t. 7 (monstrous). D. Calopodes. Stem stout, at the first bulbous, &c. * Genuini. Stem reticulated with veins, &>c. 21. B. variecolor B. & Br. — Pileus olivaceous, convex, some- what tomentose, margin involute ; flesh dark purple under the cuticle. Stem bulbous, attenuated upwards, reticulated at the BOLETUS. 175 apex, yellowish downwards, rufescent and delicately pubescent Boletus, upwards. Tubes minute, free, yellow. The flesh of the pileus and stem is pale, here and there inclining to yellow, and partially marbled. Approaching B. snbtomentosus in habit, but with the bulbous reticulated stem of Calopodes. In woods, «S:c. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name — ran' us and color. From the various colours. B. & Br. n. 1020. /. 13. /. 3. Fr. Hym. Em: p. 506. C. Hbk. ?i. 715. S. JMycol. Scot. n. 677. 22. B. calopus Fr. — Pileus olivaceous, globose then pulvinate, unpolished, somewhat tomentose ; flesh pallid, becoming some- what azure-blue. Stem firm, conical then somewhat equal, reti- culated, scarlet, throughout or at tJie apex. Tubes adnate ; pores minute, angular, yellow. Stem at length of the same colour as the pileus downwards and elongated. Pileus not involute, somewhat repand. In mixed woods. Frequent. July-Sept. Spores spindle-shaped, yellowish-brown, 8 x 3 mk. IV.G.S. Names — /caA.o?, beautiful ; TTOV'S, a foot. With beautiful stem. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 506. Sv. Htl. Sv. t. 69. Berk. Out. p. 232. C. Hbk. ?t. 716. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 678. Krombh. t. 37. /. 1-7. Rostk. t. 27. Harz. t. 69. San/id, er3 Sm. t. 14. -Schceff. t. 315. 23. B. olivaceus Schaeff. — Pileus olivaceous-fuscous, convex, even, becoming smooth, margin at first inflexedj flesh azure blue, then white. Stem firm, clavate, bulbous, red, yellowish at the apex, with blood-red reticulations and dots. Tubes adnate, curt; pores minute, unequal, light yellow-olivaceous. Stature curt, robust. In beech woods. Uncommon. Sept. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more broad. Stem short. Name — olivet, an olive. Olivaceous in colour. Schceff. t. 105. Fr. Hym. Eitr.p. 506. Berk. Out. p. 233. C. Hbk. n. 717. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 679. I'entur. t. 36. f. 3, 4. —Rostk. t. 32. 24. B. pachypus Fr.— Pileus 10-20 cent. (4-8 in.) broad, fus- cous then pallid-tan, pulvinate, somewhat tomentose; flesh thick, whitish, becoming slightly azure-blue. Stem 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) long, always thick, firm, curt, ovato-bulbous, then elongated, equal, reticulated, variegated light yellow and red, often wholly intensely blood-red. Tubes somewhat elongated, shortened round the stem; pores round, light yellow, at length somewhat green. Larger than preceding species, handsomer, approaching Ednles in habit. In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. 176 POLYPOREI. Boletus. Monstrous forms of B. edulis are often mistaken for it. Spores oval, yel- lowish ochre, i4X5mk. W.G.S. Name — iraxvs, thick; TTOUS, a foot. Thick- stemmed. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 506. Syst. Myc. i. /. 390. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 68. Berk. Out. p. 233. C. Hbk. n. 718. S. My col. Scot. n. 680. Letiz t. 60. Krombh. t. 35. /. 13-15.— Ventur. t. 64. / i, 2. B. pachypus Krombh. t. 35. /. 10-12. Sannd. & Sin. t. 17 (wholly white) is perhaps a new species. ** Departing from the type, of uncertain affinity, &c. No British species. E. Edules. Stratum of tubes rounded and depressed about the stem, 25. B. edulis Bull. — Pileus somewhat brown, pulvinate, smooth, moist ; flesh white, reddish beneath the cuticle, compact then softer. Stem stout, reticulated, pallid- fuscous. Tubes semi- free, elongated, minute, at first white, then yellow and greenish. The pileus varies white, grey-rufescent, &c. The stem is sometimes obso- letely reticulated, sometimes curt and bulbous, sometimes elongated'and equal, also rooting. In woods, especially beech. Common. July-Nov. Pileus 15 cent. (6 in.) and more broad. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) or more long. 5 cent. (2 in.) thick. Spores fusoideo-oblong, bright yellowish, 14-16x4-5.5 mk. K. Name — edulis, edible. Reckoned one of the most delicious, but the flesh is rather soft when cooked. Bull. t. 60, 494. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 508. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 13. Berk. Out. p. 234. C. Hbk. n. 719. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 681. Sow. t. in. Sv. Bot. t. 197. Lenz f. 34. Tratt. Austr.f. 34. Krombh. t. 31. Vittad. t. 22. Ventur. t. 8. Vivian, t. 25. Barla t. 34. Hussey i. t. 81. Badh. i. t. 3, ii. /. 3-/. i, 2. Price t. 63. Hogg & Johnst. t. ir. Harz. t. 40, 41. Gonn. fir1 Rab. vii. t. i. — Scheeff. t. 134. Rostk. t. 37. 26. B. sereus Bull. — Pileus olivaceous-fuscous, somewhat black- ish, pulvinate, smooth, somewhat pelliculose ; flesh white, becom- ing yellow on exposure to the air. Stem stout, somewhat reticu- lated, yellowish, becoming fuscous at the base. Tubes minute, somewhat free, sulphur-yellow. Pileus small. The stem when young is oblongate not bulbous. In woods. Surrey. Spores oblong, oblique at the base, n-i4x6mk. B. & Br. Name — (?s, copper. From the colour. Bull. t. 321. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 508. B. dr1 Br. n. 1425. Krombh. t. 36. /. 1-7. Quel. t. 16. /. 2. — Rostk. t. 15. Bull. t. 385 var. 27. B. fragrans Vitt. — J*y&sw& fuscous-umber > pulvinate, repand, somewhat tomentose, margin inflexed ; flesh yellow, sometimes unchangeable, sometimes becoming green or azure-blue, at length becoming red. Stem stout, at first ovato-bulbous, often fusiform BOLETUS. 177 at the base, even, variegated yellowish and red. Tubes semi- Boletus, free; pores minute, round, yellow, becoming green. The pileus varies unequal, and here and there spotted or margined with purple. In woods, under oak, «S:c. Sept. -Oct. Spores pale yellowish-green, ovate, with an apiculus at one end, n x 4. mk. IV. G.S. ; elongato-pruniform, nucleate, 10 mk. Q. Edible. Name— -frag- rans, fragrant. Vittad. t. 19. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 509. C. Hbk. n. 720. Ventur. t. 53. / 3-5.— Krombh. t. 75. /. 15-21. 28. B. impolitus Fr. — Pileus tawny-brown, pulvinate, dilated, flocculose, at length granuloso-rivulose, unpolished ; flesh thick, light yellowish beneath the cuticle. Stem stout, somewhat bulb- ous, even, pubescent^ light yellow. Tubes free ; pores minute, yellow. Handsome, obese, pleasant in odour and taste. Sometimes there is a red- dish zone near the apex of the stem. In mixed woods. Rare. Sept. Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) or more broad. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long. Spores oval or spindle-shaped, pale greenish-brown, 14x5 mk. IV. G.S. ; ellipsoid, papillate, 16-18 mk. Q. Edible ; reckoned among the most deli- cious. Name — impolitus, unpolished. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 509. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 42. Berk. Out. p. 234. C. Hbk. n. 721. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 682. — Harz. t. 51. B. pileus areolato-rimose. Schceff. t. 108. Letell. t. 614. Rostk. t. 36. 29. B. sestivalis Fr. — Pileus whitish, pulvinate, somewhat repand, even, smooth, granular in dry weather; flesh yellow beneath, white above, reddish in the base of the stem. Stem very thick, bulbous, even, smooth, light yellow. Tubes somewhat free ; pores equal, minute, yellow. Stature almost that of B. impolitus, equally pleasant, tasty. In woodland pastures. Uncommon. Pileus sometimes 15-20 cent. (6-8 in.) broad. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) thick. Spores elongated oval, greenish-brown, rather dark, 12x4 mk. W. G.S. Edible. Name — cestivalis, pertaining to summer. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 510. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 43. Berk. Out. p. 234. C. Hbk. n. 722. Hussey i. t. 25. Hogg & Johnst. t. 13. F. Luridi. Stratum of tubes rounded towards the stem, £c. 30. B. satanas Lenz. — Pileus fuscous-tan then whitish, pul- vinate, smooth, somewhat viscous ; flesh whitish, becoming red or violet when broken. Stem obese, ovato-ventricose. with blood- red reticulations above. Tubes free, yellow ; pores minute, at first blood-red-scarlet, orange when old. VOL. II. M 178 POLYPOREI. Boletus. Handsome, robust, mild, not bitterish. In woods. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Pileus sometimes 20 cent. (8 in.) broad. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long. Spores earthy-yellow. Fr. ; rich brown, oval or spindle-shaped, 12x5 mk. W. G.S. Very poisonous. Name — Satan. Satanic. From its poisonous and dangerous qualities. Lenz f. 31. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 510. Berk. Out. p. 233. C. Hbk. n. 723. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 683. Fl. Bat. t. 1040. Hussey i. t. 7. Quel. t. i$.f. i. — Rocq. t. 6. Krombh. t. 38. f. 1-6. Vivian, t. 40. 31. B. luridus Schasff. — Pileus often 20 cent. (8 in.) but occurring' 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, tomentose, umber-olivaceous, then somewhat viscous, fuliginous, pulvinate; flesh yellow, be- coming- azure-blue when broken. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and much more long1, stout, vermilion-red, marked with reticulations or dots. Tubes free, yellow, at length becoming green ; pores round, vermilion then orange. Stem somewhat orange at the apex. Taste pleasant. In mixed woods, &c. Common. July-Nov. Spores oval, greenish slate-colour, 17x9 mk. W.G.S. Very poisonous. Name — luridus, lurid in colour. Schceff. t. 107. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 511. Syst. Myc. i. p. 391. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 12. Berk. Out. p. 233. t. 15. f. 5. C. Hbk. n. 724. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 684. Grev. t. 121. Barla t. 33. f. 1-5. Krombh. t. 38. f. 11-17. — Bull. t. 100. Rostk. t. 31. B. stem curt, bulbous, scarcely reticulated Bolt. t. 85. * B. erythropus Pers. — Stem thinner, cylindrical, not reticu- lated but dotted with squamules, internally somewhat red. The pileus is often tawny-rufescent. Smaller than preceding species. The flesh, according to Persoon, is red-blood-colour, according to Fl. Dan. t. 1792 yellow. In woods and shrubbery. Uncommon. July-Aug. Name — epvflpo?, red ; TTOVS, a foot. Red-stemmed. Pers. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 511. Berk. Out. p. 233. C. Hbk. n. 725. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 685. Letell. t. 612. Barla t. 33. f. 6, 7. Harz. t. 56. 32. B. purpureus Fr. — Pileus purplish-red, pulvinate, somewhat velvety, opaque, dry ; flesh azure-blue only when young, then dark yellow. Stem stout, yellow, variegated with purple veins and dots. Tubes somewhat free, greenish-yellow ; pores minute, purple-orange. Very handsome. The stem varies reticulated only at the apex, becoming red internally, chiefly at the base. In woods. Rare. Spores somewhat spindle-shaped, green-sepia-brown, 11x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — purpureus, purple. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 511. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 41. Berk. BOLETUS. 179 Out, p. 234. C. Hbk. n. 726. Barla t. 33. /. 8-ro. Saund. & Sm. t. 43.— Boletus. Kt'ombh. t. 37. f. 12-15. Clits. Pern. gen. xix. 3. Ser. II. TEPHROLEUCI. Tubes at first white or grey. G. Favosi. Tubes large, angular, unequal, &c. 33. B. laricinus Berk. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, dirty white, with livid stains, covered at first with dirty-yellow or brownish evanescent slime, somewhat scaly ; flesh white, very slightly tinged with yellow. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or more long, 12-16 mm. (}4-2A in.) thick, cribrose above the ring, pitted below, dirty white. Tubes adnate, somewhat decurrent, compound, at first nearly white. In larch woods. Frequent. Aug.-Sept. The squamules on the pileus are the fragments of a veil. Spores oblong, brownish clay-coloured. M.J.B.; spindle-shaped, pale-brown, 10x4 mk. W.G.S. Name— larix, larch. From habitat. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 148. Out. p. 230. C. Hbk. n. 703. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 686. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 513. Hussey i. t. 25. 34. B. viscidus Linn. — Pileus fangy yellowish^ pulvinate, soft, smooth, viscid ; veil somewhat annular, torn, white, somewhat appendiculate. Stem viscous, white becoming yellow, thickened at the base, reticulated above. Tubes adnate; pores large, un- equal, livid. Perhaps too nearly allied to B. laricimis. The stem often appears torn from the agglutinated fragments of the veil. In woods. Rare. Spores fuscous-black. Fr.; spindle-shaped, elongated, brownish green, 9x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — viscum, bird-lime. Viscid. Linn. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 513. Icon. t. 178.7. 3. Berk. Out. p. 235. C. Hbk. n. 727. H. Versipelles. Tubes minute, round, equal, &c. 35. B. versipellis Fr.— Pileus rufous, pulvinate, dry, at first compact and tomentose, then scaly and becoming even, appendicu- late with the annular, membranaceous, fugacious veil. Stem solid, attenuated upwards, wrinkled-scaly. Tubes free, plane, minute, dingy white ; pores grey. Truly distinct from B. scaber, but it is difficult to define exactly the differ- ence between them on account of analogy in colour and variation in stature. The colour of B. versipellis is more constantly rufous. In woods and heath. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. l8o POLYPOREI. Boletus. Spores spindle-shaped, pale, ochraceous, 15x5 mk. W.G.S. ; fusoideo- oblong, 17-20x6-7.5 mk. K. Name — verto, to turn ; pellis, the skin. From its changeable appearance. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 515. Berk. Out. p. 235. C. Hbk. n. 728. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 687. — A. pileus rufescent. Schce/. t. 103. Krombh. t. 32. Sow. t. no. Rostk. t. 39. B. pileus fuliginous. Batt. t.^.f.A. 36. B. scaber Fr. — Pileus variable in colour, red or orange, &c., pulvinate, smooth^ viscid when moist, at length rugulose or rivulose, margin at first furnished with a cortina. Stem solid, attenuated upwards, roughened with fibrous scales. Tubes free, convex, white then dingy; pores minute, round. Sometimes robust, sometimes slender. The chief varieties are as follows : A. pileus red or orange. Bull. t. 489. f. 2. B. pileus fuliginous or cinereous. Fl. Dan. t. 833. Bull. t. 489. /. i. Sow. t. 175. Krombh. t. 35. /. 1-6. C. pileus fuscous-black, stem floccoso-scaly, tubes shining white. Schceff. t., 104. D. pileus fuscous-olivaceous. Bolt. t. 86. E. pileus wholly white. Rostk. t. 48. In woods, &c. Common. July-Nov. Pileus 5-17.5 cent. (2-7 in.) or more broad. Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) or more long. Scales on the stem black. Spores spindle-shaped, pale brown, 14x5 mk. W.G.S.; fusoideo- oblong, light yellowish, 14-18x6 mk. K. Edible. Name — scaber, rough. From the stem. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 515. Sv. at 1. Sv. t. 14. Berk. Out. p. 235. C. Hbk. n. 729. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 688. Vittad. t. 28. Vent. t. 9, 10. Barla t. 35. /. 6-12. Rostk. t. 40. Harz. t. 2. Gonn. & Rab. vii. t. 3. Badh. i. /. 7. f. T, ii. t. 6. f. i, 2. Hussey i. /. 57. Hogg & Johnst. t. 22. I. Hyporhodii. Tubes adnate to the stem, whitish, &c. 37. B. felleus Bull. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, some- what pale yellowish, pulvinate then expanded, soft, smooth, even; flesh when broken white then flesh-colour. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, solid, attenuated and reticulated upwards. Tubes adnate, convex, elongated ; pores angular, white then flesh- colour. Taste bitter. The colour of the pileus varies chestnut, pale yellowish and tawny. Stem of the same colour, here and there becoming olive, more rarely dotted with squamules as in B. erythropus. In woods. Uncommon. Spores spindle-shaped, salmon-colour, i6x6mk. W.G.S. ; fusoideo-oblong, hyaline, 12-16x4.5-5.4 mk. K. Poisonous. Name —fel, gall. Bitter. Bull, t. 379. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 516. Syst. Myc. i. p. 394. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 52. Berk. Out. p. 236. C. Hbk. n. 731. Rostk. t. 43. Krombh. t. 74. /. 1-7. 38. B. alutarius Fr. — Pileus fuscous-tan, pulvinate then ex- panded, soft, velvety, becoming smooth. Stem solid, bulbous, rather even, rugged at the apex. Tubes depressed round the BOLETUS. l8l stem, short, plane; pores round, white, becoming fuscous when bruised. Very much allied to B. fe Ileus, but easily distinguished by its somewhat un- changeable flesh, and mild watery taste. In woodland pastures. Rare. Name — aluta, tanned leather. From the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 516. Berk. Out. p. 235. C. Hbk. n. 730. K. Cariosi. Stem externally never reticulated, &c. 39. B. cyanescens Bull.— Pileus 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad, somewhat fuscous or tan, convexo-expanded, adpressedly tomen- tose, floccoso-scaly, opaque ; flesh rigid, 'white, soon becoming deep blue when broken. Stem stuffed with a spongy pith, at length cavernous, ventricose, villoso-pruinose, of the same colour as the pileus, constricted at the apex where it is even, white. Tubes free, white, at length light yellow; pores minute, round, when young scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) long. Very remarkable ; when compressed pouring out azure-blue juice. In mixed woods. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Spores at first milk-white, at length pale lemon-yellow. Fr. ; spindle-shaped, 14x8 mk. W.G.S. Becoming instantly intense blue when broken. The down on the pileus is very matted and floccosely scaly. Name—cyaneus, deep blue. From the flesh becoming deep blue. Bull. t. 369. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 517. Syst. AJyc. i. p. 395. Sv. at 1. Sv. t. 80. Berk. Out. p. 236. C. Hbk. n. 732. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 689. Letell. t. 654. Krombh. t. 35. f. 7-9. Barla t. 37. Rostk. t. 44. Harz. t. 71. Saund. dr1 Sm. t. 47 (dark). 40. B. castaneus Bull. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, cinnamon, opaque, convexo-expanded or depressed, firm, even, velvety; flesh white, unchangeable. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, stuffed then hollow, attenuated from the somewhat bulbous base, even, velvety, opaque, cinnamon. Tubes free, curt, white ; pores minute, round. Smaller than B. cyanescens, not juicy. Pileus at first embracing the base of the stem, whence the stem when young is obsoletely somewhat marginato- bulbous, not constricted at the apex as in B. cyanescens. In woods. Rare. Name — castanea, chestnut. Chestnut-coloured. Bull. t. 328. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 517. Syst. Myc. i. p. 392. Berk. Out. p. 236. C. Hbk. n. 733. Barla t. 32. f. 11-15. Krombh. t. 4. f. 28-30. Hussey, ii. /. 17. Subg. I. GYRODON. No British species. l82 POLYPOREI. Boletus. Subg. II. BOLETINUS. No British species. Of uncertain affinity. 41. C. carnosus Rostk. Compact. — Pileus fuscous, pulvinate, smooth ; flesh pallid, dirty yellowish. Stem short, firm, some- what striate, rufescent light yellow. Tubes adnate (according to the fig. depressed round the stem), dark yellow; pores rather large, angular, of the same colour. According to the fig. the pileus is purplish-fuscous. In woods. Stoke Poges. Name — carnosus, fleshy. Rostk, t. 14. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 520. B. & Br. n. 1426. Strobilomy- ces. GENUS XXII. — Strobilomyces Berk. (ff-rpoftiXos, a pine-cone; /m.uKris, a fungus). Hymenophore quite distinct from the hymenium. Pileus fleshy, at length tough. Spores glo- bose or broadly elliptic, minutely rough. Berk. Out. p. 236. 1. S. strobilaceus Berk. Blackish- umber. — Pileus pulvinate, rough with thick floccose scales. Stem equal, veiled, sulcate above. Tubes adnate, white, angular, whitish- brown. Pileus tesselated or cracked like the cone of the Scotch fir. In fir woods. Very rare. Bull- strode. Ludlow. Haywood Forest, Herefordshire. Oct. . Strobilomyces st>obilaceus. One-sixth natural size. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, brown- umber, tough, pulvinate, broken up into large, thick, projecting scales, merging into a thick, floccose, ragged and pendulous, white veil at margin. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 12 mm. (Yz in.) or more thick, solid, equal, coarsely ribrillose, brown at the base, white at the deeply sulcato-reticulated apex, which runs gradually into the tubes. Tubes white, very large, adnate, or with a decurrent tooth, anas- tomosing. The whole plant turns deep sienna-red when cut or bruised. W.G.S. Spores very dark. M.J.B.; oval, nearly globose, stalked, blackish- brown, 9x13 mk. W.G.S. Berk. Out. p. 236.' C. Hbk. n. 734. Boletus strobilaceus Scop. Ann. Nat. Hist. iv. /. i./. i. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. /. 154. POLYPORUS. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 513. Dicks. Crypt. Brit. t. 3. / 2. Krombh. t. 74. / 12, 13. Kostk. t. 38. Quel. t. i6./. i.— Vent.t. 43. /. i, 2. /^-.r. A/jv. £&;-. 2. /. 19. GENUS XXIII.— Fistulina (fistula, a pipe. From the pipe-like Fistuiina. character of the tubes). Bull. Champ, p. 314. Hymenium inferior, at the first dotted over with warts, then protruding cylindrical tubes, which are free and distinct from one an- other. Somewhat fleshy fungi) grow- ing on wood, intermediate between Polyporei and Hydnei. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 522. 1. F. hepatica Fr. Juicy-fleshy, not rooting. — Pileus entire, blood- red ; flesh thick, soft, viscid above, traversed with tenacious fibres, hence variegated - red. Tubes at first pallid. Changeable in form, sessile or extended into a lateral stem. On living oak. Common in Eng- land. Aug.-Oct. Pileus roundish, dimidiate or subspathulate. Substance thick and juicy, marbled like beet-root, distilling a red pellucid juice ; hymenium convex. Taste rather acid. It attains sometimes an enormous size, even nearly 30 Ib. in weight. M.J.B. Spores salmon-colour, nearly round with an oblique apiculus, 3 mk. W.G.S. Edible and nourishing, but rather coarse, and not of a very pleasant flavour. Known as the beef-steak fungus. Slices exactly like beef-steak. Name — ^ran/cos, of the liver ; diseased in the liver. From its appearance. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 522. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 25. Berk. Out. p. 257. t. 17. f. i. C. Hbk. n. 841. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 690. -Grev. t. 270. Ventur. t. 36. /. i, 2. Barla t. 30. /. 4-7. Hogg &* Johnst. t. 7. Hussey'\. t. 65. Badh. i. /. 12. f. 4; ii. /. 12. f. 2. Price f. 22. — Huds. Schceff. t. 116- 120. Bolt. t. 79. Sow. t. 58. Fl. Dan. t. 1039. Bull. t. 74, 464, 497. LXII. Fistulina hepatica. One- fifth natural size. Section two times natural size. GENUS XXIV. — Polyporus. Fr. Obs. Myc. i. p. 121. Poiyporus. (TTO\VS, many ; irdpos, a pore.) Hymenophore descending and forming a trama between the pores. Hence the pores are connate with the substance of the 184 POLYPOREI. Polypoms. pileus, and not separable from one another; they are at first rudimental or altogether wanting, then round, angular, or torn. Persistent fungi, most of them growing on wood, not fully formed before expansion like Boleti, but growing gradually and indefinitely. Odour, if any, slightly acid. A genus holding the like central place in this order as Agaricus does in the former one, of immense extent, and specially abundant in the number of its species in warm countries on account of the greater variety of trees. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 522. A few are edible, but not recom- mended. LXIII. Polyponcs perennis. third natural size. I. MESOPUS (M«™S, middle ; TTOVS, a foot). One- Pileus entire or excentric. Stem distinct, vertical, simple, of the same colour at the base, and not definitely blackish. A. Carnosi (caro, flesh). Pileus fleshy, fragile or pliant (but not coriaceous), zoneless. White- spared, growing on the ground, edible, autumnal. * Pileus unpolished, scaly orfloccose. ** Pileus polished, smooth. B. Lenti (lentus, tough, pliant). Pileus fleshy-pliant then coriaceous, zone- less. White- spared, growing on trunks., persistent. * Pileus unpolished, scaly or villous. ** Pileus even, smooth. C. Spongiosi (spongia, a sponge). Pileus at first spongy-soft, absorbing water, tomentose, then corky or coriaceous. Stem curt, irregularly shaped. Pores irregularly shaped, pruinose, changing colour, but the spores (of all of them?) white. — A very varied group, of striking appearance, mostly growing on the ground. At first they appear as a rooting, somewhat crustaceous mass, effused and encrusting, shapeless, spongy and juicy, tomentose ; from this is evolved a pileus, which is sometimes remarkably regular, with a central stem, and of large size, sometimes by growing into one another irregular and lobed, nay dimidiate. They only last in a dead state to the following spring, but there- after are covered over with a new stratum of pores. In all these respects they are analogous to Thelephorce (e.g. Th. terrestris}. Most of them rare, confined to certain localities. D. Subcoriacei (corium, a hide, leather). Pileus at the first indurated, arid, when full grown corky or coriaceous. Stem definite. Pores at first sprinkled over with a white bloom. Substance of a ferruginous colour. Grow- ing on the ground or trunks, more rigid than the Spongiosi, more regular and persistent, but not reviving. * Pileus tomentose, velvety. ** Pileus very smooth. II. PLEUROPUS (irtevpov, the ribs or side ; irous, a foot). Pileus pliant or corky, horizontal, not circular. Stem simple, ascending, corticate, either defi- POLYPORUS. 185 nitely lateral or excentric, always black at the base. Growing on wood, and Polyporus. not on the ground. A well-defined group. Species with excentric stems occur both in this and in the former group, but the definitely black base at once distinguishes tht-ni. A. Lenti. Pileus fleshy-pliant) zoneless. Stem excentric, blackish at the base. Tubes short. Substance pallid, somewhat fibrous. * Pileus scaly or Jloccose. ** Pileus even, very smooth. B. Suberoso-lignosi (corky-woody). Pileus thick, hard, zoneless. Stem stout, vertical, of the same colour at the base. Pores elongated. Species not closely allied to one another nor to the preceding group. III. MERISMA (/xepifw, to divide). Syst. Myc. i. p. 354. From a common trunk or tubercle proceed very many pileoli, arising from the subdivision of the primary pileus, which are at first, at least potentially, porous all over, but the side which is turned to the light is sterile. (In dark underground places they often remain club-shaped and porous. ) Very handsome fungi, becoming free, by far the largest of all fungi, composed of many small pilei cohering the one with the other. A very distinct group, well marked off from the rest, and only verging back by imperfect forms to the Mesopodes. A. Carnosi. Pileus fleshy, firm, flcccoso-fibrous, zoneless, not coriaceo- indurated. Tufts central, stipitate, springing from a common base, more or less concrete, so that in slender forms they occasionally resemble a central, simple, lobed pileus. Pores separating from the pileus. White -spared, par- tially growing on the ground, autumnal, all certainly edible. B. Lenti. Pileus fleshy-pliant then somewhat coriaceous, more or less zoned, fibrous within. Pores adnate. Tufts lateral, some^vhat stipitate, in many imbricated layers, stems more or less connate, or growing from a common tuber. White-spared, not edible, fragile when old, autumnal and not lasting till the following spring, occurring at the base of trunks. C. Caseosi {caseus, cheese). Pileus cheesy, at first soft and juicy, then arid, fragile, without a pellicle, zoneless ; pores separating. Tufts sessile on the stems of trees , commonly dimidiate, but in a horizontal situation expanded on all sides, central, at the first evolved from a single shapeless tubercle into numer- ous pileoli. Acid. Occurring from spring through the whole summer, but soon decaying. D. Suberosi (suber, cork). Pileus corky or coriaceous, persistent, tough ; substance floccose, somewhat soft, suitable for tinder, pores adnate. Tufts somewhat sessile, lateral or central according to situation, but the pileoli are drawn together and free at the base and not effused. On trunks close to the ground. Not edible. IV. APUS (a, without ; TTOV?, a foot. Stemless). Pileus sessile, normally adnate by a thickened and dilated base and dimidiate, or entire and attached behind (commonly by an umbo), more rarely attenuated and sessile (a transi- tion to the Pleuropodes], more frequently wholly resupinate (always abnormal states ; the true Resupinati are very different having no pileus). Growing on wood, very abundant, with an endless variety of forms, A. Anodermei (iv, 8e'p/oia, skin. Without a cuticle). Pileus without a cuticle. consequently the naked surface is broken up into flocci or fibres, zoneless, but within transversely zoned, or more or less fibrous. Always annual, somewhat fleshy, and not reviving. i. Carnosi. Pileus cheesy, at first of a watery softness, fragile, flocculose 1 86 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. and not bristly-hispid, pores white. When more fully grown sometimes soft, sometimes hardened, but soon putrefying and not lasting throughjhe winter. * Eupolypori. Pores round, entire, obtuse, without small teeth. ** Pores elongated, flexuoiis, acute, and torn. Species in this section do not become hard. 2. Lenti. Pileus fleshy-pliant (tough even in younger specimens), soft, elastic, villoso-tomentose on account ot the fibroso-floccose texture of the sub- stance ; pores somewhat adnate, coloured. Always soft, somewhat flexile, last- ing to the following spring, joined by intermediate forms to the preceding group, but manifestly presenting a different type. * Substance coloured. ** Substance ivhite. 3. Spongiosi. At first and while fresh moist, spongy, when dry firm, elastic, for the most part bristly-hispid, internally fibrous. The flesh com- monly presents an intermediate stratum, more compact than the exterior. Firm, but annual, autumnal, the finest specimens on living trunks. Com- monly mixed up with P. stupposi which are always dry and rigid not spongy. * Substance coloured. ** Substance and spores white. B. Placodermei (7rAa£, anything flat ; Sep/ma, skin). Pileus clothed with a continuous crust, zoneless or concentrically sulcate. Persistent. 4. Suberosi. Pileus at the first somewhat fleshy and juicy, then hardened, covered with a rather thin crust ; pores slender, at length somewhat separating. Autumnal, in some cases lasting to the following spring, but never reviving so as to produce strata. Differing from the foregoing by the cuticle, from all the following by the pileus being at first fleshy and juicy. * Substance coloured. ** Substance, which is not zoned, and spores white. 5. Fomentarii (fomentum, fuel. From some species, e.g., P. fomentarius, being used as tinder). Pileus floccose, of the nature of tinder, juiceless from the first, not fleshy or spongy, covered with a hard, horny crust, the pores at length stratose. Growing on wood, somewhat pulvinate, truly perennial, add- ing new strata year by year. In specimens from 10 to 20 years of age narrow zones corresponding with warm and dry years, and thick and broad ones corresponding with rainy years can be observed. Care must be taken not to be deceived by a specimen of the first season, without strata. In old speci- mens the cuticle is here and there broken into chinks or wasted away. * Substance and pores umber or fuscous. ** Substance and pores somewhat ferruginous. *** Substance white or pallid. 6. Lignosi (lig?tum, wood). Pileus from the first hard, woody, juiceless, covered with a thin, somewhat varnished crust, which is smooth or becomes so, somewhat effused at the base ; pores not stratose. Perennial (not putrefy- ing) but not stratose, flatter than the former group or effuso-reflexed. C. Inodermei (to-, a fibre ; Se>M<*, skin). Pileus from the first arid and firm, with a thin fibrous cuticle. Annual or biennial fungi, not reviving. 7. Stupposi (stuppa, flax). Pileus flocculose then smooth, or adpressedly villous, uneven, zoneless, texture fibrous. * Substance coloured. ** Substance white. 8. Coriacei (corium, a hide). Pileus coriaceous, villous, banded with con- centric zones which are generally of different colours. V. RESUPINATI. Pileus none, consequently the fungus is absolutely re- supinate ; pores immediately seated on wood or on the mycelium without the POLYPORUS. 187 intervention of any subiculum (except in the case of P. medullapanis and P. Polyporus. mucidus). The species of this group must be cautiously examined. For many species of Apodes are found in a resupinate state when growing in a horizontal situa- tion, e.g., P. mollis, destructor, croceus, nidulans, amorphus, adustus, igniarius, radiatus, conchatus, abietinus. In a horizontal situation the pores in this group are straight, in a vertical one oblique, nay gaping at one side. * Pores fuscous or blackish. ** Pores ferruginous or cinnamon. * Pores purple or violaceous. **** Pores red. '*** Pores yellowish. Compare P. vulgaris. ****** Pores white then changing colour. ******* Pores persistently white, minute, crowded, in a plane situation round, equal. ******** Pores persistently white, unequal, angular, close to one another, commonly rather large. ********* Pores white, superficial, distant, punctiform. I. MESOPUS. Pileus entire, £c. A. Carnosi. * Pileus unpolished. 1. P. leucomelas Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, black -fuliginous, fleshy, somewhat fragile, irregularly shaped, slightly silky-squamulose ; flesh white, reddish when broken. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, stout, unequal, somewhat tomentose, of the same colour as the pileus. Pores rather large, unequal, cinereous, whitish. The stem is sometimes curt, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and tuberous, sometimes 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and equal, also becoming black internally. The pores become black in dried specimens. In fir wood. Rothiemurchus. Sept. Name — Aeuxd?, white ; /ue'Aa?, black. From the colours. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 524. Icon. t. 179. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1682. -S. Mycol. Scot. n. 691. — Ptrs. Syn. p. 515. ** Pileus polished, smooth. No British species. B. Lenti. Pileus fleshy-pliant then coriaceous, £c. * Pileus unpolished, scaly or villous. 2. P. lentus Berk.— Pileus 4 cent, (i^ in-) broad, reddish- brown at length ochraceous, fleshy, but tough, umbilicate, minutely scaly, especially at first. Stem 12 mm.-2.5 cent. (Yz-\ in.) long, 9 mm. (ft in.) thick, rather slender, incurved, l88 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. central or excentric, hispid, furfuraceous, nearly of the colour of the pileus. Pores irregular, large, decurrent, white. The stem is covered with pores to the very base, only the lower ones are abortive. Allied to P. squamosus. On Ulex, &c. Frequent. April. Name — lentus, tough, pliant. Berk. Out. p. 237. /. 16. f. i. Eng. Fl. v. p. 134. C. Hbk. n. 738. S. A/ycol. Scot. ?i. 692. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 526. 3. P. brumalis Fr.— Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad, fleshy- pliant then coriaceous, somewhat umbilicate, zoneless, in the first year villaus ,f uliginous , in the second squamulose becoming smooth, becoming pale; flesh white. Stem 2.5-5 cent- (J~2 *n-) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, hirsute, squamulose. Pores oblong and angular, thin, acute, toothed, white, at length be- coming yellow. The margin of the pileus is somewhat fimbriato-ciliate. In hollow trunks, &c. , there is a very small form, somewhat pulverulent. On dead branches. Frequent. Oct.-March. Pores oblong, slightly curved, hyaline, 6x2 mk. K. Name—druma, winter. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 526. Syst. J\Jyc. \. p. 348. Berk. Out. p. 237. C. Hbk. n. 735. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 693. Pers. Batsch f. 42 (first year). Fl. Dan. t. 1297 (second year). P. floccipes Rostk. 28. /. 13. ** Pileus even, smooth. 4. P. fuscidulus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broa.d,fusc0us- yellowish, fleshy, pliant, somewhat coriaceous, convexo-plane, zoneless, smooth; flesh white-yellowish. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, equal or thickened at both ends, smooth, fuscous becoming yellow. Pores somewhat rounded- angular, obtuse, quite entire, yellowish. Among chips, &c. Rare. Darlington. ^/kr fleshy-pliant, £c. * Pileus scaly orfloccose. 9. P. squamosus Fr. — Pileus 3 in.-i>£ ft. broad, somewhat ochraceous, variegated with broad, adpressed, spot-like, centri- fugal, darker scales, fleshy pliant, fan- shaped, flattened. Stem excentric and lateral, obese, reticulated at the apex, blackish at the base. Pores thin, variable (at first minute), then large angular and torn, pallid. Handsome, commonly very large, some- what central and umbilicate when young, at length lateral, very variable in shape. On trunks and stumps, chiefly ash. Common. May-Nov. When young a mere swollen blackish lump. Spores oval, white, 14 x 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — squama, a scale. Scaly. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 532. Syst. A4yc. \. p. 343. Berk. Out. p. 238. C. Hbk. n. 742. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 698. Grev. t. 207. Rostk. t. 2. Ventur. t. 37. Hussey i. t. 33. -Huds. Bolt. t. 77. SchcBff. t. 101, 102. Bull. t. 19. Harz. t. 32. Fl. Dan. t. 983, 1196. Paul. t. 16. Sterb. t. 13, 14. B. pileus fuliginous. 10. P. Michelii Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, yellow- ish-white, fleshy-pliant, depressed, repand, slightly silky, some- what squamulose. Stem 4 cent. (\l/2 in.) long, somewhat lateral, bulbous, rough, white, becoming fuscous at the base. Pores large, somewhat round-oblong, entire, white. Allied to P. squamosus. On stumps. Penzance. Name — after Micheli. Fr. Hym. Enr. p. 533. Syst. Myc. i. p. 343. B. &> Br. n. 1963. Rostk. t. i.—MtcA. t. 6i.f. 2. 11. P. melanopus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent- (2~3 in-) broad, white then yellowish-fuscous, fleshy-pliant, plane then infundi- buliform, at first delicately flocculose; flesh thick, white, soft, not LXIV. Polyporus sqiiamosus. One-seventh natural size. POLYPORUS. IQI becoming- woody. Stem 4 cent. (i)4 in.) long-, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) Polyporus. thick, excentric, somewhat velvety, incurved, thickened down- wards, black. Pores decurrent, curt, minute, obtuse, unequal, white. The pileus is at length, and at first sight smooth. Stem diffused into the pileus. On dead wood and roots. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Name — fj.e\as} black ; TTOV'?, a foot. Black-stemmed. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 534. Syst. Myc. i. /. 543. B. & Br. n. 1286. S. Mycol. Scot. ti. 699. Rostk. t. 4. — Swart z V. A. H. ** Pileus even, very smooth. 12. P. Rostkovii Fr. — Pileus smoke- colour, fleshy -pliant, dimidiato-infundibuliform, smooth, even. Stem long, excentric, retictdated, abruptly black, thickened at the base. Pores decur- rent, large, pentagonal, acute, toothed, white then dingy-yel- lowish. In size it vies with P. squamosus to which it is allied. The stem is gener- ally longer, incurved, connate and somewhat caespitose at the base. The pileus inclines to yellowish. The pores are deeply decurrent on the outer side of the stem. On stumps. Rare. Pileus 15 cent. (6 in.) broad. Stem long. Pores 4 mm. (2 lin.) or more long. B. & Br. Spores with two nuclei, 14x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — after Rostkovius. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 534. Berk. Out. p. 238. C. Hbk. n. 743. Rostk. t. 17. 13. P. picipes Fr. — Pallid then chestnut, commonly pale yel- lowish-livid, with the disc chestnut. Pileus fleshy-coriaceous then rigid, tough, even, smooth, depressed at the disc or behind ; flesh white. Stem excentric and lateral, equal, firm, at first vel- vety, then naked, dotted, black up to the pores. Pores decurrent, round, very small, rather slender, white, then slightly pale yellowish. Imbricated, odour somewhat sweet. The pileus is depressed behind, com- monly emarginate, infundibuliform with lobes all round. On trunks, especially willow. Frequent. July-Dec. Name — pix, pitch ; pes, a foot. Black-stemmed. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 534. Berk. Out. p. 239. C. Hbk. n. 744. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 700. — Grcv. t. 202. Pers. Ic. pict. t. 4. /. i, 2. 14. P. varius Fr. — Pileus commonly bay-brown, fleshy-pliant, extenuated, soon woody, smooth, somewhat virgate, irregularly shaped, depressed at the disc or behind. Stem excentric and 192 POLYPOREI. Polypoms. lateral, even, smooth, gradually cinereous -blackish downwards. Pores decurrent, minute, curt, round, unequal, whitish (inter- nally watery) then cinnamon. In stature, form, &c., it is not constant. The colour is commonly bay-brown (fuliginous and very evidently virgate when old) but (compare Bolt. t. 168) pale when young, and when full grown, as it is also internally, light yellowish. It varies sessile ; also crowded in very large, irregularly shaped tufts, in habit quite as in Schceff. t. 109, no. On trunks and stumps, especially ash. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Pileus 12 mm.-io cent. (K~4in.) broad. M.J.B. Name — varius, variable (in size, form, colour, &c.) Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 535. Berk. Out. p. 239. C. Hbk. n. 745. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 701. Batschf. 129. Ventur. t. 57. /. 2.— Rostk. 28. t. 24, /. 20. Buxb. C. v. t. i$.f. 2. 15. P. elegans Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, uni- colorous, pallid ochraceous or orange, shining, equally fleshy, then soon hardened, becoming woody, flattened, even, smooth ; flesh white. Stem excentric or lateral, even, smooth, pallid, at the first abruptly black and rooting at the base. Pores plane, minute, somewhat round, yellowish-white, pallid. White when young. The pileus is not streaked, nor is it infundibuliform, scarcely depressed. The flesh is thick to the margin. On trunks, chiefly birch. Frequent. July-Nov. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad. Name— elegans, elegant. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 535. Berk. Out. p. 239. C. Hbk. n. 746. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 702.— Bull. t. 46. FL Dan. t. 1075.7. i. Rostk. t. u. Bolt. t. 83. * P. nummularius Fr. Smaller, thinner. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat regular. Stem equal, excentric. It merges in P. elegans without definite line of demarcation. On trunks. Uncommon. Dec. Name — nummulus, a small coin. From fancied resemblance of shape. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 536. Berk. Out. p. 239. C. Hbk. n. 746. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 702. Rostk. t. 12. Bull. t. 124. 16. P. petaloides Fr. — Pileus chestnut-fuscous, somewhat mem- branaceous, spathulate, rugose, smooth, zoneless, flaccid when moist. Stem lateral, ascending, compressed, smooth, not root- ing, whitish, adnate at the base which is dilated in the form of a shield. Pores decurrent, very short, very small, shining white. When dry it is involute and fragile, not becoming woody like preceding species. On old stumps. Sibbertoft. Name- -from some fancied resemblance to the petal of a flower. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 536. B. & Br. n. 2023. POLYPORUS. 193 B. Suberosi-lignosi. Pileus thick, hard, zoneless, £c. Polyporus. 17. P. lucidus Fr. — Pileus light yellow then blood-red-chest- nut, corky then woody, fan-shaped, sulcato-rugose. Stem lateral, equal, varnished, shining, of the same colour as the pileus. Pores determinate, long, minute, white then cinnamon. On and about stumps. Frequent. Summer. Pileus 5-15 cent. (2-6 in.) broad. Stem 15-25 cent. (6-10 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more thick. M.J.B. Name — lucidus, bright, shining. From the stem. Fr. Hym. Ezir. p. 537. Berk. Out. p. 240. /. i6./2. C. Hbk. n. 748. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 703. Krombh.t. 4. f. 22-24. Rostk. t. 13. Grev. t. 245. Ventur. t. 49. — Leys. Sow. t. 134. Fl. Dan. t. 1253. Schceff. t. 263. Batschf. 225. Bull. t. 7, 459. III. MERISMA. Very many pileoli, £c. A. Carnosi. ¥ \\zus fleshy, firm, &c. 18. P. umbellatus Fr. — Very much branched, fibrous-fleshy, toughish. Pileoli very numerous, 1-4 cent. (K~iX in.) broad, fuliginous, rufous or pallid light yellow, entire, umbilicate. Stems elongated, separate, united at the base, white. Pores minute, white. The pileoli have occurred white. On stump. Epping. July. Cluster about 17.5x12.5 cent. (7x5 in.) M.C.C. Name — umbella, a sun- shade, parasol. From its spreading habit. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 537. Syst. Myc. i. p. 354. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 36. Krombh. t. 52. f. 3-9. Lenz f. 44. Tratten. t. T. Quel. t. 18. /. i. — Sch&ff. t. iii. 265, 266. Jacqu. Austr. t. 172. Fl. Dan. t. 1197. 19. P. frondosus Fr. — Tuft 15-30 cent. (}4-i ft.) broad, very much branched, fibrous-fleshy, toughish. Pileoli very numer- ous, 1-5 cent. (K-2 i°0f fuliginous-grey, dimidiate, rugose, lobed, intricately recurved ; flesh white. Stems growing into each other, white. Pores rather tender, very small, acute, white. Pores commonly round, but in an oblique position gaping open and torn. On stumps and roots. Rare. Oct. Name— /nw, a leafy branch. Branched. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 538. Syst. Myc. \. p. 355. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 44. B. & Br. n. 1364. Krombh. t. 48. / 17-20. Rostk. t. 18. — Fl. Dan. t. 952. Paul. t. 29. Sterb. t. 28. 20. P. intybaceus Fr. — Very much branched, fleshy, somewhat fragile. Pileoli very numerous, pale yellowish inclining to fus- cous, dimidiate, stretched out, sinuate, at length spathulate. VOL. II. N 194 POLYPORET. LXV. Polyporns intybaceus. One-sixth natural size. Poiyporus. Stems connate in a very short trunk. Pores firm, obtuse, white inclining to fuscous. B. truncigenus flaps elongated, conchate, extended laterally, undulated, paler. Paul, t. 130. Odour of mice. On stumps, especially oak. Rare. Sept. About same size as P. frondosus and larger. Spores oval, white, 6x3 mk. W.G.S. Edible. Name — from its likeness in habit of growth to succory (Cichorium intybus). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 538. Berk. Out. p. 240. C. Hbk. n. 749. 5. My col. Scot. n. 704. Hussey i. t. 6. — Fl. Dan. t. X793- 21. P. cristatus Fr. — Branched, firmly fleshy, fragile. Pileoli about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, rufous-green- ish, entire and dimidiate, imbricated, depressed, somewhat pulverulent-vil- lous, then rimosely scaly. Stems connate, irregularly shaped, white. Pores minute, angular and torn, whitish. Very changeable in form, sometimes simple with an undulato-lobed, central pileus. B.ftabelliformis Schceff. t. 113. In beech woods. Rare. Name — crista, a crest. Crested. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 539. Syst. Myc. \. p. 356. Berk. Out. p. 240. C. Hbk. n. 750. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 705. Krombh. t. 48. f. 15-16. Barla t. 29. f. 4-7. Rostk. t. 16. — Pers. Myc. Eur. ii. /. 50. B. Lenti. Pileus fleshy-pliant then somewhat coriaceous, &c. 22. P. giganteus Fr. — Tuft 1-2 ft. and more broad, in many imbricated layers, fleshy-pliant then somewhat coriaceous. Pilei date-brown, dimidiate, very broad, flaccid, somewhat zoned, rivu- lose, depressed behind. Stems connato-branchecl from a common tuber. Pores minute, somewhat round, pallid, at length torn. The rigid cuticle separates into granules or fibrillose squamules. Pores becoming dark when touched. On stumps and old roots under ground. Frequent. Aug.- Sept. It occurs 3-4 ft. broad. Name — gigas, a giant. Gigantic. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 540. Syst. Myc. \. p. 356. Berk. Out. p. 240. C. Hbk. n. 751. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 706. Hussey i. /. 82. — Pers. Schceff. t. 267. Bolt. t. 76. Var. clavceformis : Holmsk. Ot. 2. /. 13. POLYPORUS. 195 23. P. acanthoides Fr. — In many imbricated layers, pliant Poiyporus. then coriaceous. Pileoli ferruginous, infundibuliform, inciso- dimidiate, somewhat zoned, longitudinally rugose. Stems con- nato-branched, white then rufescent. Pores lamelloso-sinuate, thin, toothed at the edge, white then rufescent. Thinner than P. giganteus, pale when young. Although it is somewhat coriaceous, it very soon hardens, and becomes fragile when old. P. rufescens differs sufficiently in the spongy, hairy pileus, in not being undulato-lobed, &c. On trunks. Penzance. Name — a/cav^o;, e!So?. From the resemblance of the pileoli to Acanthus leaves. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 540. B. & Br. n. 1694. — Bull. t. 486. Pers. Ic. Pict. t. 6. C. Caseosi. Pileus cheesy, &c. 24. P. sulphureus Fr. — In many caespitose layers, 1-2 ft. and more, juicy-cheesy. Pile! 20 cent. (8 in.) or more broad, reddish- yellow, imbricated, undulated, rather smooth ; flesh light yellow- ish, then white, splitting open and not hardened when old. Pores minute, plane, sulphur-yellow. Soon becoming pale. Commonly sessile, but varying with a stem (Batt. t. 34. B. Paul. t. 14), lateral on standing trees, but expanded on all sides on fallen ones; also club-shaped, porous throughout, Sow. In its fullest vigour it is filled with sulphur-yellow milk. On living trees and stumps. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Whole mass sometimes 2-254 ft. broad. A lovely plant, of delicate shades. Spores oval, white, minutely papillose, 8 x 5 mk. W.G.S. Edible. Name — sulphur, brimstone. Sulphur-yellow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 542. Syst. Myc. i. p. 357. Sv. iitl. Sv. t. 88. Berk. Out. p. 241. /. 16. / 3. C. Hbk. n. 752. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 707. Grev. t. 113. Ventur. t. 53. f. 6-7. Rostk. t. 20. Husscy i. t. 46. — Bull. t. 429. Sow. t. 135. Schceff. t. 131, 132. Fl. Dan. t. 1019. 25. P. Herbergii Rostk. — Caespitose, rather corky. Pileoli imbricated, bright bay, sulphury about the margin. Pores labyrinthiform, unequal, torn and toothed, pale cinereous. On trunks. Edinburgh Fungus Show, 1878. Oct. Referred with doubt to P. spongia by Fries. Berkeley considers it clearly the plant of Rostkovius. Name — after Herbergius. Rostk. xxix. /. 18. B. & Br. n. 1805. Grevillea, viii. p. 6. P. spongia Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 542. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 708. 26. P. alligatus Fr. — In many casspitose layers, fibrous-fleshy, rigid-fragile. Pile! tan-isabelline, imbricated, unequal, zoneless, villous. Pores minute, soft, white, readily becoming stopped up with flocci. 196 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. Often clavate when young. Commonly wrapping round stipules and grasses. On roots, &c. Rare. Name — alligo, to bind to. From its habit of growth. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 543. Berk. Out. p. 241. C. Hbk. n. 753. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 709. — Sow. t. 422. D. Suberosi. Pileus corky or coriaceous, &c. 27. P. heteroclitus Fr. — In many caespitose layers, coriaceous. Pilei 6 cent. (2^ in.) broad, orange, sessile, expanded on all sides from a radical tubercle, lobed, villous, zoneless. Pores irregu- larly shaped and elongated, golden-yellow. On the ground under oak. Rare. The flat pilei extend horizontally from the tubercle. Name — eVepo?, one of two ; K\Lv(a, to lean. Irregular, excentric. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 544. Syst. Myc. i. p. 344. Berk. Out. p. 241. C. Hbk. n. 754. — Bolt. t. 164. 28. P. salignus Fr. — Casspitose, coriaceous-soft, elastic. Pilei whitish, dimidiate, imbricated, dilated - reniform, adpressedly villous, depresso-sulcate round the margin which is somewhat lobed and swollen. Pores thin, crowded, elongated, intricately flexuous, white. The tufts are commonly small, inodorous. On willows. Uncommon. Name — salix, willow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 544. Berk. Out. p. 241. C. Hbk. n. 75$.—Pers. Bolt. t. 78. Batt. t. 38. / E. IV. APUS. Pileus sessile, &c. A. Anodermei. Pileus without a cuticle, &c. i. Carnosi. Pileus cheesy, &c. * Eupolyporei. Pores round, entire, &>c. 29. P. epileucus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) thick, whitish, similar internally, cheesy-soft then firm, pulvinate, villous-rugged. Pores minute, round, quite entire, white. Simple, semi -orbicular, concave beneath, not fibrous internally, scarcely zoned ; pores at first scarcely discernible. On stumps, chiefly fir and elm. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Name— em, and AevKos, white. Whitish. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 545. Smith Seem. Journ. 1868, p. 34. B. & Br. n. 1287. C. Hbk. n. 756. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 710. — Fl. Dan. t. 1794. POLYPORUS. 197 30. P. alutaceus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad and thick, tan, fleshy, at length tough, reniform-dilated, somewhat velvety, obsoletely zoned within, margin acute, even. Pores very small, thin, somewhat round, whitish-tan-colour. Somewhat imbricated, sometimes convex, sometimes flattened, occasionally hairy and rugose, plane beneath. On decayed pine-stumps. Glamis, 1876. Sept.-Oct. Tubes about 18 mm. (Y± in.) long. Name — a hit a, tanned leather. Tan- colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 545. Syst. Myc. i. p. 360. B. & Br. n. 1799. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 711. — Rostk. t. 30. 31. P. pallescens Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, yellowish, the acute margin of the same colour, fleshy then corky, even, smooth, zoneless. Pores curt, minute, round, white, then yellowish. Somewhat caespitose, commonly small and thin, of doubtful affinity. On old stumps. Rare. Name — pallesco, to grow pale. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 546. Syst. hlyc. i. /. 369. Berk. Out. p. 244. C. Hbk. n. 773. — Sow. t. 230. 32. P. chioneus Fr. — White. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, fleshy, soft, becoming even, smooth, zoneless, often extended behind, margin inflexed. Pores curt, very small, round, equal, quite entire. Always soft, fragile, hyaline-white when moist, shining white when dry. Odour acid. Without a cuticle. On stumps, &c. Uncommon. July-Sept. Spores white, oval, 21x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — xtwi>, snow. Snow-white. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 546. Berk. Out. p. 241. C. Hbk. n. 757. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 712. — Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. /. 15. /. 2. 33. P. cerebrinus B. & Br. — About 2.5 cent, (i in.) across, snow-white, pulvinate, delicately tomentose, becoming smooth, margin crenate. Pores rounded, entire, dissepiments thick, obtuse. Looks like a portion of white brain. On fir. Glamis, 1877. Aug. Name — cerebrum, brain. Brain-like. B. & Br. n. 1800. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 713. ** Pores elongated, flexuoiis, 34. P. lacteus Fr. — Shining white. Pileus fleshy - fibrous, 198 POLYPOREI. Poiyporus. fragile, triangular, pubescent, zoneless externally and internally, margin inflexed, acute. Pores thin, ac2tte, toothed, at length labyrinthiform, torn. Commonly small, thin, but sometimes larger, transversely elongated, very much sloped downwards and gibbous behind, at length becoming smooth and uneven. On dead laburnum and birch. Rare. Sept.-Nov. Name — lac, milk. Milk-white. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 546. Icon. t. 182. f. i. S. Mycol. Scot. 7i. 714. Rostk. t. 23. 35. P. fragilis Fr. — Whitish, spotted with fuscous when touched. Pileus fleshy, fibrous, fragile, piano-depressed and reniform, rugose, convex beneath. Pores thin, elongato-flexuous, intricate. Very distinct, although no form is constant. It varies stretched out in the form of a stem and pendulous. On dead pine. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Name— fragilis, fragile. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 546. Icon. t. 182. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 242. C. Hbk. n. 758. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 715. 36. P. mollis Fr. — Pileus flesh - colour, fleshy - fibrous, soft, effuso - reflexed, somewhat triangular, rugose, margin acute. Pores unequal, elongated, flexuous, soft, white, spotted with red when touched. Not watery, but soft to the touch, seriato-elongated or resupinate. On dead pine. Slough. Name — mollis, soft. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 547. Icon. t. 182. f. 3. B. & Br. n. 1365. — Pers. Obs. i. p. 14. 37. P. caesius Fr. — White, now and then tinged bluish-grey. Pileus 1-5 cent. (>£-2 in.) broad, fleshy, soft, tough, unequal, silky. Pores very small, unequal, elongato-flexuous and torn into teeth. Small, variable in form, stipitate and resupinate. On dead fir. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores pale blue, oval, 3x14 mk. W.G.S. Name— ctzsius, bluish-grey. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 547. Syst. Myc. i. p. 360. Berk. Out. p. 242. C. Hbk. n. 759. £. Mycol. Scot. n. 716. — Schrad. Sow. t. 226. 38. P. trabeus Rostk. — White. Pileus fleshy-fibrous, then firm, effuso-reflexed, transversely elongated, zoneless, pallid. Pores curt, minute, somewhat round or elongated, toothed, white. Commonly conjoined with P. destructor. Both vary effused and reflexed, smooth and pubescent, but P. trabeus is more regular, of brighter colour, hyaline within when moist, obsoletely zoned. POLYPORUS. 199 On dead pine. Den of Dun, 1874. Menmuir. Feb. Polyporus. Name — trabs, timber, a vessel. Found in ships. Rostk. t. 28. Fr. Hym. £ur. p, 547. B. 6° Br. n. 1428. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 717. 39. P. destructor Fr. — Pileus fuscous-\vhitish, watery, fleshy, effuso-reflexed, fragile, rugose, somewhat undulated, zoned inter- nally. Pores elongated, somewhat round, toothed or torn, white. B. undulated, broadly expanded, marginate, whitish-date-brown. It softens and destroys wood like Merulius lachrymans. On fir, larch and Scotch. Common. July-Dec. Sometimes almost resupinate or effused. M.J.B. Name—destruo, to de- stroy. From its destroying wood. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 547. Berk. Out. p. 242. C. Hbk. n. 760. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 718. Krombh. t. £./. 8. — Schrad. Rostk. t. 27. 2. Lenti. Pileus fleshy pliant, £c. * Substance coloured. 40. P. nidulans Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent, (^-i in.) thick, some- what pale yellowish, of the same colour internally, fleshy, very soft, somewhat pulvinate, villous, becoming even, zoneless. Pores elongated, of medium size, unequal, angular, tawny-brick-colour. Fragrant when dry, remarkable for its softness. Margin spreading, some- what obtuse. There are two forms, one pale yellowish, the other somewhat flesh-colour. On dead wood. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Name — nidus, a nest. From its shape. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 548. Syst. Myc. i. p. 364. Berk. Out. p. 242. C. Hbk. n. 761. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 719. — P. rutilans Saund. & Sm. t. 45. —Bull. t. 482. 41. P. rutilans Fr. — Pileus tawny-cinnamon becoming pale (tawny), of the same colour internally, fleshy-pliant, thin, at first villous, then becoming smooth, zoneless. Pores curt, minute, thin, equal, acute, cinnamon, somewhat shining. Pileus at length juiceless, friable, the slight margin inflexed, but not in- curved or fimbriate as in P. ciiticularis. Variable in form, but extenuated, not pulvinate and convex on both sides like P. nidulans. On fallen branches. Uncommon. When fresh has a sweet scent like that of anise. M.J.B. Name— ;v^//0, to be reddish. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 548. Berk. Out. p. 242. C. Hbk. n. 762. — Pers. Ic. t. 6. f. 4. ' 42. P. gilvus Schw. — TSteuapale yellowish, fleshy-pliant, effuso- reflexed, soft, even, becoming smooth, zoneless, margin spreading, thin, acute. Pores very small, naked, quite entire, pale yellow- ish-ferruginous, opaque. 200 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. Commonly longitudinally effused, flaxy in close places, soft to the touch, properly velvety, but becoming so even as to appear smooth. On trunks. Rare. Fries has no doubt that Sowerby's Boletus impuber is the same plant, and therefore it must be included as British. Name — gilvus, pale yellowish. Schwein. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 548. — Sow. t. 195. ** Substance white. 43. P. fumosus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, fuligin- ous-pallid, fleshy-corky,y£r;;z, zoneless, silky then becoming smooth, adnate and dilated behind, internally fibrous, somewhat zoned. Pores minute, curt, round, entire, whitish-smoke-colour, darker when bruised. Csespitose, imbricated, moderately thick, attenuated towards the margin which becomes black. Colour more or less smoky. On old stumps. Common. Oct.-Dec. Smell oppressive. M.J.B. Name— fumosus, smoky. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 549. Syst. Myc. i. /. 367. Berk. Out. p. 243. C. Hbk. n. 763. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 720. Kl. Bor. t. 392. Rostk. t. 42. Pers. Tratten. t. 3. f. 5. 44. P. adustus Fr. — Pileus cinereous-pallid, fleshy-pliant, thin, villous, effuso-reflexed behind, the margin which is tense and straight becoming black. Pores minute, curt, round, obtuse, whitish-pruinose soon cinereous-fuscous, the marginal ones ob- solete. Like P. fumosus, but thinner, darker ; pileus spuriously zoned, slightly wrinkled. Pores at length blackish. On old stumps. Frequent. Sept.-Jan. Pores always leaving a whitish margin on the under side. Name — aduro, to burn. Appearing as if scorched. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 549. Berk. Out. p. 243. C. Hbk. n. 764. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 721. Fl. Dan. t. 1850. /. i. Kl. Bor. t. 472. Rostk. t. $>.— Willd. Bull. t. SOL/. 2. Batschf. 226. 45. P. crispus Fr. — Pileus cinereous-blackish, fleshy-pliant then coriaceous, tough, rugose, effuso-reflexed behind, margin thin, crisped, at length black. Pores rather large, unequal, at length labyrinthiform, silvery-cinereous. Small, pileus when young fuliginous-black, floccoso-rugose, zoneless, white at the margin, when full grown thinner, flexile, becoming pale, grey, becoming smooth with a fuscous marginal zone (occasionally with many zones). On old stumps. Uncommon. Dec. Name — crispa, a curl. From the crisped margin. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 550. Berk. Out. p. 243. C. Hbk. n. 765. 5. Mycol. Sect. n. 722.— Pers. Obs. Myc. ii. p. 8. POLYPORUS. 201 46. P. amorphus Fr. — Pileus shining ivhite, fleshy-pliant, thin, Polyporus. effuso-reflexed, silky. Pores minute, unequal, golden. Often cnsspitose, imbricated, very irregular, also resupinate on ground covered with pine-needles. On fir-stumps and among pine-leaves. Uncommon. Nov.- Jan. Name — a, M°p. Hym. Eur. p. 558. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 62. Berk. Out. p. 245. C. Hbk. n. 776. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 732. Rostk. 4, t. 52. — Linn. Lenz f. 48. Sow. t. 133 (first year). 59. P. nigricans Fr. — Pileus black, pulvinate, very thick, densely and concentrically sulcate, smooth, shining, the very hard crus- taceo-torn crust persistent, internally very hard, ferruginous, mar- POLYPORUS. 205 gin very obtuse, ferruginous. Pores very small, plane, confluent- Polyporus. stratose, naked, ferruginous. The typical form with the pileus even, varnished, and shining-, presents a most distinct species, but with this is confounded a trivial form with the pileus triangular, rugose, opaque, which approaches P. igniarius. Rostk. t. 51. Qtiel. t. 19. f. 3. On living and dead birch. Uncommon. May-Oct. 5-15 cent. (2-6 in.) broad. Sometimes exactly the shape of a horse's hoof. Name— niger, black. Blackish. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 558. Icon. t. 184. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 245. C. Hbk. n. 777. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 733. 60. P. igniarius Fr. — Pileus at first tuberculoso-globose (im- marginate), even, with a thin,flocculose, adpressed, hoary covering, then hoof-shaped, ferruginous then fuscous -blackish, opaque, cuticle concrete, roughly uneven, very hard ; flesh zoned, ferrugi- nous, very hard, margin rounded. Pores very small, convex, stratose, cinnamon, when old stuffed with a white substance, at the first hoary. It differs from preceding species in its entire nature and life-history. The new growth, which is vernal, makes smaller specimens throughout, and larger ones only at the margin and on the hymenium (which is also at first desti- tute of pores) floccoso-hoary, then ferruginous, at length dark. tt varies resupinate : Mich. t. 62. Unsuitable for tinder, but used for burning. On ash, poplar, willow, plane, cherry. Common. May-Nov. Pileus narrower and thicker than P. foment arius, resembling a horse's hoof. Mass of tubes in general plane or very convex. A4.J.B. Name — ignis, fire. From its being used for burning. Fr. Hym. F.itr. p. 559. Berk. Out, p. 246. C. Hbk. n. 778. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 734. Lenz f. 47. Ventiir. t. 6i./. 4. Rostk. 4. t. 54. — Linn. Bull. t. 454. Bolt. t. 80. Sow. t. 132. 61. P. fulvus Fr. — Pileus tawny, at length becoming hoary, woody-corky, very hard, exactly triangular, even (not concentri- cally sulcate), at first hairy or villous. Pores curt, round, minute, cinnamon, at first covered with cinereous-yellow pruina. Pileus convex on both sides, adnate by a broad base, not very obtuse at the margin. Pores not distinctly stratose. On decayed trunks. Rare. Name— -fulvus, tawny. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 559. Icon. t. 184. /. 3. B. 6* Br. n. 1138. C. Hbk. n. 779. 62. P. pectinatus Kl. — Pileus ferruginous -fuscous, corky- woody, hard, triangular, concentrically lamellato-plicate above, tomentoso - scaly ; margin pale-yellowish^ naked. Pores very small, curt, obtuse, pale-yellowish, naked. It is doubtful whether the margin and pores are always naked. 206 POLYPOREI. Poiyporus. Habitat not recorded. Penzance. Na.mQ—pecten, a comb. From the markings on the pileus. Klotsch. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 559. B. & Br. n. 1965.— Quel. t. 17. /. 5. 63. P. conchatus Fr. — Pileus date-brown, corky inclining to the nature of tinder, thin, effused, somewhat shell- shaped-reflexed, concentrically sulcate, tomentose, margin acute. Pores curt, very small, the thin trama of the same colour. Pileus concave beneath. It varies wholly resupinate. On trunks, willow, &c. Frequent. Distinguished from P. ribis by its harder substance and smoother pileus. M.J.B. Name — concha, a shell. From its shape. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 560. Berk. Out. p. 246. C. Hbk. n. 781. S. Mycol. Scot. n. j^.—Pers. Myc. Eur. ii. p. 85. 64. P. ribis Fr. — Pileus as much as 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, fer- ruginous then umber, corky-coriaceous, becoming pla?ie, rather even, velvety, tawny internally and at the acute margin. Pores curt, 2 mm. (i lin.) long, very small, naked, tawny. Perennial. Imbricated, somewhat zoned. On currant and gooseberry bushes. Common in England. Name— ribis, currant. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 560. Syst. Myc. i. p. 375. Berk. Out. p. 246. C. Hbk. n. 780. Rostk. t. 53. Fl. Dan. t. 1790. /. 2. Corda Sturm, xi. t. 62. — Schum. Bull. t. 454. f. E. 65. P. salicinus Fr. — Pileus cinnamon then hoary, woody, very hard, undulated, smooth, for the most part resupinate, margin short, obtuse, spreading. Pores very small, round, ferruginous- cinnamon. Pileus 30 cent. (12 in.1) and more, often interrupted. Allied to P. fomenta- rius or igniarius, with an ebony-black crust. From its situation wholly re- supinate or in vertical places encircled above with a narrow, undulated, smooth margin. On willows. Common. Autumn. Name— salix, willow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 560. Syst. Myc. i. p. 376. Icon, t. 185.7. x- Berk. Out. p. 246. C. Hbk. n. 782. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 736. *** Substance white or pallid (except P. roseus\ 66. P. roseus Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, 1-2.5 cent- (Yz-\ in.) thick, externally and internally rose-colour, corky- woody, hard, triangular, even, somewhat banded, externally as if blown upon with cinereous-blackish powder, internally floccoso- fibrous. Pores minute, round, rose-colour. Somewhat caespitose. POLYPORUS. 207 On dressed wood in conservatory. Glamis, 1877. Autumn. Polypoms. Name— roseus, rose-colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 562. Syst. Myc. i. p. 372. B. &Br. n. 1801. S. Mycol. Scot. n. T&.—A. & S. p. 251. 67. P. ulmarius Fr.— Pileus 7-5-io cent. (3-4 in.) broad, in the first season, white, corky-woody, very hard, incrusted, tuber- cular, becoming smooth, substance white. Pores round, stratose, yellowish. A. first season, pileus white. Sow. t. 88. B. In succeeding seasons, pileus blackish, margin tawny. Berk. Out. t. 16. /. 5. The two figures are so unlike that one would scarcely suppose them to be allied. On old elm. Frequent. Sept. Name— ulmus, elm. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 562. Syst. Mvc. \. p. 365. Berk. Out. p. 246. C. Hbk. n. 783. ' S. Mycol. Scot. n. 738. Hussey i. /. 64. Sow. & Berk, quoted above. 68. P. cytisinus Berk. — Large, 30 cent. (12 in.) or more across, imbricated. Pileus coarsely tuberculated, hard, woody, margin subacute. Pores minute, nearly white. Dimidiate, quite smooth at least when dry ; substance slightly zoned, very thick and close, but composed of velvety fibres, pale, nearly white, evidently composed of two or three successive layers. On laburnum. Rare. Name — cytisus, laburnum. Berk. Eng. Fl. v.p. 142. Out. p. 247. C.Hbk. n. 785. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 739. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 562. — Sow. t. 288. 69. P. connatus Fr. — Pilei white or cinereous, corky-woody, effuso-reflexed, imbricated like the steps of a ladder, growing into each other, villous, internally white. Pores stratose, minute, somewhat round, white. Increasing from season to season and distinctly stratose, pileus commonly covered with mosses growing upon it. On old trunks, elm, crab-tree, £c. Frequent. Autumn. Running up trunks for i or 2 ft. M.J.B. Name— con, together; natus, born. Growing together. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 563. Icon. t. 185. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 248. C. Hbk. n. 789. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 740. Batt. t. 37. /. G. 6. Lignosi. Pileus from the first hard, woody, £c. 70. P. fraxineus Fr. — Pileus white then rubiginous and fus- cous, corky-woody, smooth, somewhat plane, zoneless, at first even, then concentrically sulcato-plicate, pallid within. Pores minute, curt, rufous-ferruginous^ at first, as well as the margin, covered over with white greasy villous down. Variable in form, softer when young, but not fleshy, truly perennial. 208 POLYPOREI. Poiyporus. On old ash. Frequent. May-Nov. Solitary or imbricated. Smell strong and penetrating. M.J.B. Spores ovoid-sphseroid, 6-7 mk. Q. N&me—fraxinus, ash-tree. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 563. Berk. Out. p. 247. C. Hbk. n. 784. S. My col. Scot. n. 741.— Bull. t. 433- /• 2. 71. P. variegatus Seer. — Pileus variegated orange and bay- brown, corky-woody, somewhat plane, even, smooth, Boneless* shining, pallid within. Pores round, minute, curt, unequal and torn, yellowish. With the habit of P. varius, but decurrent at the base as is usual in this section. Sowerby compares it with P. lucidus as regards its substance. On trunks. Rare. Name — variegatus, variegated. From the colours. Seer. n. 45. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 563. Berk. Out. p. 247. C. Hbk. n. 786. — Sow. t. 368. 72. P. carneus Nees. — Pileus flesh-colour, of the same colour internally, effuso-reflexed, woody, hard, thin, rugose, smooth, zoneless. Pores minute, round, decurrent at the base. Smaller and thinner than P. fraxineus and P. variegatus, but hard and perennial. On old stump. Welshpool, 1871. Nov. Name — caro, flesh. Flesh-colour. Nees Nov. Act. Nat. Curios, xlii. t. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 563. B. &•> Br. n. 1366. 73. P. annosus Fr. — Pileus woody, convex then becoming plane, rugoso-tnbercular, in the first season brown and silky, in the second and subsequent seasons covered with a rigid, smooth, blackish crust, white within. Pores of medium size, whitish. A. Pileus reflexed, pores obtuse. B. Pileus wholly resupinate, pores un- equal. Very variable in form, but very distinct. About roots of stumps, &c. Very common. April-Dec. Forming masses 3 in.-ij^ ft. wide of imbricated, rugged, or radiato-striate brown pilei, marked with strong vaulted zones. M.J.B. Name — annus, a year. From its growing yearly. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 564. Icon. t. 186. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 247. C. Hbk. n. 788. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 742. — Rostk. 4. t. 29. 74. P. populinus Fr.— White. Pileus 12 mm. (*/> in.) broad, corky-woody, rigid, zoneless, villons, of the same colour inter- nally, margin obtuse. Pores minute, curt, round. Imbricated, growing into each other at the decurrent base, transversely dilated. Not stratose. On trunks of poplar. Uffington, Lincolnshire. Very much the habit of P. connatus. B. & Br. Name—#oput2ts, poplar. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 564. Syst. Myc. i. /. 367. B. & Br. n. 1288. POLYPORUS. 209 C. Inodermei. Pileus from the first arid and firm, &c. Poiyporns. 7. Stupposi. Pileus flocculose then smooth, £c. * Substance coloured. 75. P. radiatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, corky, coriaceous, rigid, radiato-rugose, at first velvety, fawny, then becoming smooth, ferruginous-fuscous, margin spreading, repand. Pores minute, pallid, silvery-glistening, at length ferruginous. Very much imbricated, growing into each other, becoming woody, but not perennial. On hazel, alder, &c. Frequent. Oct.-Feb. Name — radiatus, radiate. From the wrinkles on the pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 565. Syst. Myc. i. p. 369. Berk. Out. p. 248. C. Hbk. n. 790. S. My col. Scot. n. 743. Kl. t. 461. — Sow. t. 196. Batt. t. 39. C. 76. P. polymorphic Rostk. — Pileus umber, resupinate, effused, coriaceous, margin reflexed, crisped, smooth. Pores rather large, angular and torn, pallid. The above description is from the figure. From the description of the author it is wholly bay-brown-pallid. On fir in a fence. Forres. Ausf. Name — iroAu's, many; juop^rj, form. Rostk. 4. /. 56. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 566. B. &> Br. n. 1802. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 744. 77. P. crypt arum Fr. — Pileus rufescent- ferruginous, corky- cottony, effuso-reflexed and variable, zoneless, adpressedly silky, paler internally. Pores very long, minute, round, paler than the pileus. Exceedingly changeable in form and colour, becoming paler with the weather. On fir-trees. Frequent. Nearly related to P. ferruginosus, and perhaps a mere state of it. B. dr5 Br. Name — crypta, a vault, cellar. Probably first found in cellar. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 566. B. &•= Br. n. 1804. Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. /. 16. /. 3. — Bull. t. 478. ** Sicbstance 'white. 78. P. gossypinus Lev. — White. Pileus coriaceous, effuso- reflexed, becoming plane, tomentose, zoneless, substance of the same colour. Pores at first labyrinthine, then angular, pallid cinereous, dissepiments thin, slightly toothed. The pores are three or four times longer than the flesh of the pileus is thick. VOL. II. O 210 POLYPOREI. Poiyporus. On old stumps of Ulex. Sibbertoft. Name—gossypium, cotton. Leveill. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1843, p. \2.^.—Fr.Hym. Eur. p. 566. B. & Br. n. 2024. 79. P. fibula Fr. — Whitish. Pileus coriaceous, soft, tough, 'velvety -hairy, zoneless, often radiato- rugose, internally snow- white, margin entire, acute. Pores small, rounded, acute, at length torn, yellowish. Small, adnate behind, everywhere free at the circumference, sometimes forming orbicular shields, sometimes variable in form from growing into each other. On the door of a wine-cellar. Rare. Name—fibula, a button. From its shape. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 567. Berk. Out. p. 248. C. Hbk. n. 791. Sow. t. 387. f. 8. 8. Coriacei. Pileus coriaceous, villous, £c. 80. P. Mrsutus Fr. — Pileus unicolorous, but zoned with con- centric furrows, whitish, corky-coriaceous, convexo-plane, shaggy with rigid hairs. Pores round, obtuse, whitish, becoming some- what fuscous. B. Pores wholly white. C. Pores yellow at the orifice, but white within. D. Pores obtuse, angular. E. Margin of the pileus ferruginous (Fl. Dan. t. 2079. f. i). F. pileus blackish. On dead trunks. Near Twycross. Name — hirsutus, hairy. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 567. B. & Br. n. 1139. C. Hbk. n. w*.— Wulf.\Jacq. Coll. ii. p. 149. 81. P. velutinus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, white at length yellowish, corky - coriaceous, plane on both sides, velvety -soft, slightly zoned, the extenuated margin acute. Pores round, minute, thin, white. Damp when young, then hardened, not shining like P. versicolor, the zones only a little darker. On stumps, branches, &c. Uncommon. Nov. Sometimes entirely white, and not unfrequently the zones are mere de- pressions. M.J.B. Name — velluetum (low Latin). Velvety. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 568. Syst. Myc. \. p. 368. Berk. Out. p. 248. C. Hbk. n. 793. S. My col. Scot. n. 745. 82. P. versicolor Fr. — Pileus variegated with differently col- oured zones, coriaceous, thin, rigid, becoming plane, depressed behind, becoming even, velvety, shining. Pores minute, round, acute and torn, white, becoming pale (somewhat yellowish). Varying endlessly both in form and colour. POLYPORUS. 211 LXVI. Polypoms versicolor. One-half natural size. On dead wood. Exceedingly common. April-Dec. Polyporus. More or less imbricated. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad. Name — versicolor, changeable in colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 568. Berk. Out. p. 248. C. Hbk n. 794. S. MycoL Scot. n. 746. Hussey i. /. 24.— Linn. Bull. t. 86. Bolt. t. 81. Sow. t. 229. Fl. Dan. t. 1554. Schceff. t. 263. Sterb. t. 27. K. Batt. t. 35. A. 83. P. abietinus Fr. — Pileus cin- ereous-white, coriaceous, thin, effuso- reflexed, villous, obsoletely zoned. Pores unequal, torn, violaceous be- coming pale. There is no species more easily distin- guished, though it is sometimes wholly re- supinate, sometimes reflexed, \ionlyonce it has been rightly identified when in full vig- our, and if distinct species are not sought for in old (washed out) and dry specimens. On fir. Common. July-Nov. Fries says it is " the mother of vast confusion." Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad. Often stained with minute green Alg effused, thin, adnate, soft, circumference flaxy and white. Pores very thin, resembling honeycomb, angular, somewhat crenate. Somewhat orbicular, confluent, fugacious. In the structure of the pores it approaches P. bombycinus. On dead wood, ash. Leighwood, Bristol. Altyre. Nov. Name— mico, to glitter. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 573. B. cr Br. n. 1289. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 753. — Ehrenb. Silv. Berol.p. 30. 214 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. ***** Pores yellowish. 94. P. nitidus Fr. — Yellow, effused, thin, somewhat adnate, defined, villoso-marginate at the circumference. Pores minute, curt, round, equal, shining. Remarkable for its bright, almost golden colour, and somewhat regular form. On dead wood. Rare. March. Name — nitidus, shining. From the pores. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 574. Berk. Out. p. 250. C. Hbk. ?i. 799. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 754.— A. & S. p. 258. 95. P. Laestadii Fr. & Berk. — Substance white, hymenium here and there tubercular. Pores bright lemon-yellow. Colour bright persistent yellow, very beautiful. Forming confluent patches, many inches in length. On the under side of a deal board in hothouse. Coed Coch. Name — after C. P. Laestadius. B. & Br. n. 2025. 96. P. bombycinus Fr. — Dingy-yellowish, effused, silky- viembranaceous, adhering laxly, spider-web-velvety at the circum- ference. Pores large, angular. Very distinct and singular. Pores in their first stage forming only small pits, which are sunk in the mycelium, then developed, wholly formed from the tomentum, somewhat round, at length firmer, angular and here and there flexuous. On dead wood. Rare. Name — bombyx, silk. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 575. Berk. Oitt. p. 250. C. Hbk. n. 801. — Sow. t. 387. f. 5. 97. P. aneirinus Sommerf. — White, effused, thin, somewhat innate, flaxy at the circumference. Pores large, cell-like, waxy, angular, smooth, tawny. The growth is at first wholly flaxy ; the formation of pores is the same as in P. bombycimis, but they are at length waxy and often exactly hexagonal. On dead branches. Rare. Oct. Name — av, eipiVeos, woolly. Not woolly. From the pores becoming waxy as contrasted with those of P. bombycinus, which are persistently downy. Sommerf. Lapp. p. 276. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 575. Berk. Out. p. 252. C. Hbk. n. 816. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 755. 98. P. ramentaceus B. & Br. — Somewhat orbicular ; subicu- lum white, tomentose, margin obsolete. Pores honey-colour, large, -aV in. across, somewhat hexagonal, dissepiments thin, slightly rigid, acute. POLYPORUS. 215 On Scotch fir. Glamis, 1874. Sept. Polyporus. Name — ramenta, shavings, chips. On chips. B. & Br. n. 1809. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. 774. ****** pores white then changing colour. 99. P. cinctus Berk. — White, turning pallid, forming small erect scattered tufts, each surrounded by radiating strigose fibres. Pores extremely minute, angular, dissepiments extremely thin, edge Some of the patches are barren, and some at length become confluent. Under favourable circumstances a distinct hymenium, 3 mm. (\yz lin. ) thick, with a free, even, abrupt, vertical circumference is formed in the centre of each tuft. On old deal boards. Rare. King's Cliffe. Pores at length pallid ochraceous, darker when dry. Quite peculiar in its structure. Fr. Name — cingo, to encircle. From the fibres surrounding the tufts. Berk. Out. p. 250. Mag. Zool. 6° Bot. i. t. 2. /. 3. C. Hbk. n. 805. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 575. 100. P. armeniacus Berk.— Suborbicular, confluent, extremely thin, circumference minutely downy. Pores shallow, minute, nearly round, at first white then bright buff, often confined to the centre, the marginal portion being of a byssoid structure under a lens. Forming broadly effused patches, composed evidently of many confluent orbicular individuals. On fir bark. Appin. Name — of the colour of apricot (Armeniacum). Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 147. Out. p. 250. C. Hbk. n. 800. 101. P. Rennyi B. £ Br. — Subiculum thick, pulvinate, pulver- ulent, forming a thick, at first somewhat frothy then pulverulent mass, white, turning to lemon-colour when dry. Pores sparingly produced, white, elongated, dissepiments thin. On Scotch fir stump and running on the ground. Hereford, 1873. Glamis, 1873. Nov. Name — after J. Renny. B. & Br. n. 1432. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 756. 102. P. subfusco-flavidus Rostk. — White then light yellow- fuscous, broadly effused by becoming confluent, thin, coriaceous, arid, adnate, margin thin, white-flaxy, determinate. Pores minute, irregular. On oak planks. Roof of King's Cliffe Church. The pores appear when viewed one way of a greyish-brown, and the other 2l6 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. white. B. & Br. Name — from the colours. Rostk. 27. t. n. B. & Br. n. 1022. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 576. P. corticola C. Hbk. n, 817. 103. P. viridans Berk. — At first white, then when dry pallid green, effused, crustaceo-adnate, thin, margin pulverulento- tomentose. Pores minute, angular, dissepiments thin. Habit that of P. vulgaris. On rotten wood. Rare. Sept. Name — virido, to be green. Greenish. B. 6° Br. n. 347. C. Hbk. n. 810. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 576. 104. P. terrestris Fr. — White, effused, spider-web-flaxy, rather tender, fugacious. Pores central, extremely small, white then rufescent. A doubtful and scarcely typical form. On naked soil. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Extremely delicate, vanishing when touched. Name — terra, earth. Grow- ing on the soil. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 576. Berk. Out. p. 252. C. Hbk. n. 814. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 757. — Dec. Fl.fr. 6. p. 39. 105. P. subgelatinosus B. & Br.— Orbicular, forming little pulvinate masses \vith an obtuse raised border, which is at first tomentose and pallid, becoming black, of a somewhat gelatinous consistence. Pores pale delicate grey, with an acute even edge, about -^Q in. diameter. On dead wood, parasitic on P. amorphus. Rannoch. Name — sub-gelatinosus, somewhat gelatinous. B. & Br. n. 1569. .S. Mycol. Scot. n. 758. ##**•**# Pores persistently white, &><:. 106. P. medulla-panis Fr. — White, effused, determinate, some- what tmdulated, firm, smooth, the naked circumference somewhat marginate, almost wholly formed of the longish, medium-sized, entire pores. Annual, moderately large, becoming hard when dry, separating. Softer and watery-soft when on the ground. On decaying branches. Uncommon. Becoming yellowish when old. Name — medulla, pith, &c. ; panis, bread. From its likeness to soft crumb of bread. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 576. Icon. t. 190. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 251. C. Hbk. n. 806. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 759. — Pers. Syn. p. 544. POLYPORUS. 2iy 107. P. mucidus Fr. — White becoming pale, effused, rather Polyporus. thick, somewhat immersed, soft, the indeterminate circumference flaxy. Pores medium-sized (seated on the crust formed of the mycelium), unequal and torn. It varies softer and firmer according to place, but is moderately persistent. Much larger than P. molluscus, and not allied to it. On decayed fir. Penzance. Name — mucus, mucous. Mucid. From its substance. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 577. B, & Br. n. 1967. — Pers. Syn. p. 546. 108. P. vitreus Fr. — Whitish, somewhat hyaline, broadly and unequally effused, rather thick, somewhat undulated, indeter- minate, the thin villous margin shining white ; mycelium forming a woody stroma, tough and separable. Pores very small, round, long, obtuse, entire. The pores are straight or oblique according to situation. On dead wood, especially fir. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov. Distinguished by its distinct xylostromatoid substratum, which separates easily from the matrix. B. & Br. Name — vitrum, glass. Glassy. From its shining appearance. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 577. Syst. Myc. \. p. 381. Berk. Out. p. 251. C. Hbk. n. 807. S. My col. Scot. n. 760. — Pers. Myc. Eiir. 2. p. 112. 109. P. obducens Pers. — White, effused, incrusting, innate, firm, wholly formed of very small, crowded, equal, distinctly stratose pores, the annual strata pallid-tan. In the first year the plant resembles P. vulgaris, but in succeeding years it becomes thick from the numberless strata (2 mm., i lin. thick) placed one above another, altogether concrete with the mouldy wood which is pervaded with the mycelium. In vertical places it puts forth rudimentary pileoli. Allied to P. connatus, On rotten trunks. Rare. Bristol. Name— ob, and duco, to lead. Covering over. Probably from the strata covering each other. Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. p. 104. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 577. Berk. Out. p. 251. C. Hbk. n. 808. 110. P. callosus Fr. — White, circumference similar, widely effused, even, tough, entire, separable like soft leather. Pores firm, round, equal, quite entire, obtuse. The pores are seated upon a skin, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, firm, but not hard, everywhere porous. Annual and not stratose. On dead wood. Glamis, 1874. April. Spores pruniforrn, hyaline, 6 mk. Q. Name — callum, a hardened skin. From the skin on which the pores are seated. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 577. B. &0 Br. n. 1431. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 761. 21 POLYPOREI. Poiyporus. 111. P. vulgaris Fr. — White, broadly effused, thin, I m. (yz lin.) thick, arid, closely actuate, even, soon smooth at the cir- cumference, wholly consisting of firm, crowded, very small, round, somewhat equal pores. The colour is sometimes light yellow. The pores vary oblique and gaping open. It cannot be separated from the wood except in fragments. On dead wood. Common. April-Dec. Effused sometimes to the breadth of 30 cent. (12 in.) M.J.B. Name — vulgaris, common. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 577. Syst. Myc. i. p. 381. Berk. Out. p. 251. t. i6.f. 6. C. Hbk. n. 809. S. My col. Scot. n. 762. JRostk. t. 60. 112. P. molluscus Fr.— White, effused, thin, soft, the flaxy circumference radiating in fibrils. Pores collected in the centre or now and then in patches, very small, thin, round, unequal and torn, pale. There is a variety with the circumfer- ence membranaceous sterile and continuous. Sow. t. 387. /. 9. On dead wood. -Nov. Uncommon. Sept. At first forming a mere fringed byssoid membrane. The partitions of the pores are so thin that they very generally become torn. M.J.B. Name — molluscus, soft. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 578. Berk. Out. p. 251. C. Hbk. n. 812. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 763. Fl. Dan. t. 1299. LXVII. Polyporus molluscus. Natural size. 113. P. collabefactus B. & Br. — Stratum quite smooth, resembling a Corticium. Pores seem at first to arise from the mere collaps- ing of the substance, short, margin obtuse. The barren parts resemble exactly a very smooth Corticium like C. calceum. On dead wood. Glamis, 1873. Oct. Name — collabefio, to be brought to ruin. From the pores arising out of the collapsing of the substance. B. 6° Br. n. 1432. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 764. Pores persistently white, unequal^ 114. P. sanguinolentus Fr. — Whitish but bleeding 'when touched, nodulose, soon confluent, effused, soft, the flaxy cir- cumference vanishing. Pores small, somewhat round, unequal, at length torn. POLYPORUS. 219 Mycelium emerging and forming nodules, which are at first flaxy then Polyporus. smooth, in which the pores nestle, but it does not result in a pileus. Pores very changeable in form. On dead branches. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name—san^ias, blood. Bleeding. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 578. B. & Br. n. 1290. C. Hbk. n. 8 1 1. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 765.— A. & S. p. 257. 115. P. radula Fr. — White, effused, made up of the naked tomentose mycelium closely compacted, soft, villous beneath. Pores medium-sized, angular, toothed, pubescent when young. Its growth is that of P. sanguinolentus, but it is drier, more lax, and separable from the matrix. On fir. Strachan, Kincardineshire. Name — rado, to shave off. Perhaps from the ease with which it is removed from the matrix. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 578. B. fr3 Br. n. 1808. -S. Mycol. Scot. n. 766. — Pers. Obs. 2. p. 14. 116. P. vaporarius Fr. — Effused, innate, the white floccose mycelium creeping into the wood. Pores large, angular, pale- white, crowded into a continuous, firm, persistent stratum. On dead branches. Very common. Jan. -Dec. Extremely variable. Name — vaporarium, a stove. Perhaps first found in hothouse. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 579. Berk. Out. p. 252. C. Hbk. n. 815. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 767. — Pers. Myc. Eur. p. 106. Var. secernibilis B. & Br. — Shining white, honey-colour when dried, separable. On fir-leaves under moss. Autumn. Forres. Name — from its being separable. B. dr5 Br. n. 1022. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 767. 117. P. Gordoniensis B. £ Br. — Persistently shining white, effused, superficial, membranaceoiis, very thin but separable, mar- gin shortly fringed. Pores minute, unequal, angular, dissepi- ments very thin, Jimbriato-toothcd. An extremely delicate species, and not in the slightest degree innate. The margin remains snow-white, and the pores themselves change colour only very slightly in drying. On fir poles. Aboyne. Name — after Marchioness of Huntly. B. & Br. n. 1023. C. Hbk. n. 813. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 768. Fr. Hym. Ezir. p. 579. 118. P. Vaillantii Fr. — White, thin, the free mycelium result- ing in root-like ribs which are somewhat united by a membrane. Pores now and then crowded together, curt, rather large, thin, unequal. 220 POLYPOREI. Polyporus. It occurs in innumerable more or less imperfect stages of development. Var. Mycelium simply membranaceous. On dead wood. Rare. April. Name — after Vaillant. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 579. Berk. Out. p. 252. C. Hbk. n. 819. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 769. — Sow. t. 326. 119. P. farinellus Fr. — White, widely effused, thin, mycelium T\2ks&tflocculoso-pul'verulenti not woven. Pores thin, continuous, unequal, somewhat flexuous, intricate. Fugacious to the touch. Of the consistence of Thelaphora sambuci. On beech. Aboyne. Name— /tfr/Vzrt, meal. From its pulverulent nature. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 579. B. & Br. n. 1292. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 770. 120. P. hymenocystis B. & Br. — Snow-white, arachnoid beneath and at the margin. Pores large ; the scarious dissepiments col- lapsing, at length pallid. A very curious species. On dead wood. Glamis, 1875. Name— »MV, membrane ; KVOTIS, bladder. From the peculiar nature of the dissepiments. B. & Br. n. 1810 bis. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 775. # Pores white, superficial, 121. P. blepharistoma B. & Br. — Wholly resupinate, snow- white, mycelium arachnoid, somewhat mealy. Pores small, dis- sepiments thin, margin ciliato-dentate. Very thin and delicate ; the ciliato-dentate margin of the pores very elegant. On dead wood. Glamis, 1874. Nov. Name — j3Ae$apoi/, eyelid ; orojua, mouth. From the appearance of the pores. B. & Br. n. 1434. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 771. 122. P. reticulatus Fr. --White, orbicular, thin, fugacious, radiating like flax at the floccose margin. Pores distant, cup- shaped. On rotten wood. Glamis, 1874. Forres. April-Sept. Extremely delicate and beautiful. Name — rete, a net. From the net- work of pores. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 580. Icon. t. 190. /. 3. B. & Br. n. 1810. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 772. — Pers. Syn. p. 584. Species of uncertain affinity. 123. P. bathyporus Rostk. — " Effused, white, the thin circum- ference flaxy. Pores rather large, cyathiform, toothed." TRAMETES. 22 I The description does not agree well with the figure. According to the fig. Polyporus. it wanders over beech-branches, and is stratose (the stratum of the second season fuscous-ferruginous), smooth at the margin, fuscous in the middle, livid at the circumference. On dead oak-branches. Coed Coch, 1873, Sc. Very like resupinate form of Dcedalea confragosa. B. £r> Br. Name — /3a0us, deep; Trdpo?, a pore. From the cup-like 'pores. Rostk. iv. /. 59. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 580. B. &* Br. n. 1807. 124. P. hybridus B. & Br. — White ; mycelium thick, forming a dense membrane or creeping branched strings ; hymenium breaking up into areae. Pores long, slender, minute. The dry-rot of oak-built vessels. On oak, in ships, &c. According to Fries it is a monstrous form (perhaps of P. destructor], originating from its close situation. Name — hybridus, hybrid. Berk. Out. p. xvii. C. Hbk. n. 820. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 773. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 581. — Sow. t. 289, t. 387. f.6. GENUS XXV. — Trametes (trama, the generic distinction Trametes. depending on the trama). Pores somewhat round, obtuse, entire, often unequal in depth and not forming a heterogeneous stratum, immersed at the base in the flesh of the pileus, and hence the trama is continuous with the flesh of the pileus and similar to it. Grow- ing on wood, woody or corky, becom- ing hard, but not stratose, commonly sweet-scented. A genus intermediate between the Dcedalea; and Polypori, the limits of which are not yet duly ascertained. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 581. I. APODES (a, irou?, a foot. Stemless). Pileus dimidiate, sessile. * Substance coloured. ** Substance white. II. RESUPINATI. Pileus resupinate. _ LXVII1 'Trametes gibbosa. One- fourth natural size. I. — APODES. Pileus dimidiate, sessile. * Substance coloured. 1. T. pini Fr. — Pileus ferruginous-fuscous then blackish, in- ternally tawny-ferruginous, corky-woody, very hard, pulvinate, 222 POPYPOREI. Trametes. concentrically sulcate, rimoso-rugged, rough. Pores large, some- what round or oblong, yellow-brick-red. Perennial, but without distinct strata. Odour weak. On living pine. Rare. Name — pinus, pine. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 582. Berk. Out. p. 253. C. Hbk. n. 821. S. My col. Scot. n. 776.— Brot. Kl. Bor. t. 380. Rostk. t. 50. ** Substance 'white. 2. T. gibbosa Fr. — Everywhere 'whitish. Pileus corky, com- pact, villous, obsoletely zoned, extended behind, gibbous. Pores linear, straight, equal. Large, thick, margin obtuse. On poplar, gate-posts, stumps, &c. Rare. Zones convex and tuberculated ; beautifully velvety ; when old cinereous and green from minute A Igce. M.J.B. Na.me—gil>l>us, gibbous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 583. Berk. Out. p. 253. C. Hbk. n. 824. FL Dan. t. 1964. Hussey ii. /. 4. — Pers. Syn. p. 501. B. sinuosus Sow. t. 194 var. 3. T. Bulliardi Fr. — Pileus white becoming fuscous, at length zoned, corky, becoming plane, even, smooth. Pores somewhat round, deep, unequal, pallid then rufescent. It becomes at length fuscous internally. Odour fragrant. On dead wood. Bathampton. Glamis. Oct. Berkeley is inclined to regard it as a species of Dcedalea. Name — after Bulliard. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 584. B. &> Br. n. 1293. S. Mycol. Scot. p. 412. — Bull. t. 310. 4. T. suaveolens Fr. — Pileus white, corky, soft, pulvinate, villous, zoneless. Pores round, rather large, obtuse, white becom- ing ftiscous. Odour fragrant, of anise. On willow, lime, &c. Uncommon. Spores white, oval or pip-shaped, 9x4 mk. W, G.S. Name — suavis, sweet. Sweet-scented. Fr. Hym. Ear. p. 584. Berk. Out. p. 253. C. Hbk. n. 822. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 777. Hussey i. t. 43. Krombh. t. 4. f. 25. Fl. Dan. t. 1849. Bot. Zeit. 1859. ^ !!•/. 23. Harz. t. 49. — Linn. Sow. t. 228. Tratt. Azistr.f. 4. Sterb. t. 27. D. 5. T. odora Fr. — Pileus pallid, corky, elastic, uneven, becoming smooth, zoneless. Pores minute, round, equal, whitish-ochraceous. Odour fragrant. On willow. Rare. TRAMETES. 223 Very nearly related to T. suavcolens. M.J.B. Spores white, oval or pip- Trametes. shaped, 3x5 mk. W.G.S. Name— odor, scent. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 584. Berk. Out. p. 253. C. Hbk. n. 823. — Sommerf. Bolt. t. 162. 6. T. inodora Fr. — Shining white. Pileus corky, firm, be- coming smooth, zoneless. Pores minute, round, entire, not changing colour. Very like T. suaveolens, £c., but smaller, firmer, always white (pores not becoming fuscous) ; distinguished by its want of odour. On old mossy beech-stump. Stoke Poges. Pores colourless, slightly angular, about rrn in. wide, nearly Y± in. long, not the least linear. Externally tomentose, white with a very slight tinge of pink at the base. As in Dcedalea latisslma, the texture radiates from a central point, and is of a pure white. B. &> Br. Name — inodorus, scentless. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 584. Monogr. ii. p. 273. Icon. t. 191. /. i. B. & Br. n. 1570. II. — RESUPINATI. Pileus resupinate. 7. T. mollis Fr. — Resupinate, determinate, somewhat membran- aceous, pallid-wood-colour, at length becoming fuscous, umber at the margin, which is at length reuolute and pubescent beneath. Pores large, unequal and torn. A very distinct species, at length becoming black, adnate behind in the centre. Pores irregular, but not flexuoso-labyrinthine. On dead wood, especially beech. Common. Jan.-Dec. Dissepiments rigid. Name — mollis, soft. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 585. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 778. Daedalea Sommerf. Polyporus cervinus P. Berk. Out. p. 247. C. Hbk. n. 787. 8. T. Terrei B. & Br. — Resupinate, broad, somewhat orbicular, pulvinate, substance corky and white. Pores angular, here and there sinuate, pallid. About 3 in. across, i in. thick in the centre. Substance radiating from a central point, zoneless. Pores about ^ in. across, angular in the centre, sinuated towards the edge. Inodorous. Habit that of Dcedalea latissima. On beech. Stoke Poges. Name — after Michael Terry. B. & Br. n. 1571. 9. T. serpens Fr. — White, arid, closely adnate, at first erumpent, in the form of a tubercle, orbicular, then confluent, the determin- ate circumference pubescent. Pores somewhat round and an- gular, unequal, obtuse. Colour at length becoming pale. A very distinct species analogous with Radulum orbiculare. On privet. Rare. Oct. 224 POLYPOREI. Pores rather large, ^ in. broad. B. & Br. Spores oval, white, 14x7 mk. W.G.S. Name — serpens, creeping. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 586. Icon. t. 182. f. 3. Polyporus Stephensii B. <£r° Br. n. 356. Berk. Out. p. 252. C. Hbk. n. 818. Saund. & Sm. t. 45. f. 8-12. GENUS XXVI. — Dsedalea (Sof5o\os, curiously wrought. From the elaborate hymenium). Pers. Syn. p. 449. Pores firm, when fully grown sinuous, labyrinthine ; in all other respects agreeing with Trametes. Growing on wood, becoming hard, the floccose substance descending un- changed into the trama. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 586. * Corky-woody, dimidiate, sessile. * Coriaceous, dimidiate, sessile. *** Resupinate. * Corky-woody, dimidiate, sessile. 1. D. quercina Pers. — Pale wood- colour. Pileus corky, rugulose, un- even, zoneless, rather smooth, of the same colour internally, at first por- One. ous; the pores then take the form of sinuses which are somewhat contorted or lamellose, becoming at last labyrinthine, edge obtuse. There are many varieties — effuso-reflexed : Schccff. t. 231 ; wholly resupin- ate : Bull. t. 352.7. F. Pers. Klyc. Eur. t. 18.7. i. On dead oak. Frequent. June-Nov. Perennial. Pileus 12.5-15 cent. (5-6 in.) broad. Pores 2 mm. (i lin.) or more broad. Sometimes resupinate or decurrent and the partitions elongated into tooth-like processes. M.J.B. Name — quercus, oak. Pers. Syn. p. 500. Fr. Hym. Eicr. p. 586. Berk. Out. p. 254. /. 19.7 5- C. Hbk. n. 825. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 779. Grev. t. 238. Krombh. t. 5.7 i. 2. Bail. t. 31.— Sow. t. 181. Bolt. t. 73. Bull. t. 352, 442.7 i. Vent. t. 60.7 i, 2 (var.) 2. D. aurea Fr. Golden. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, corky- coriaceous, gibbous, velvety, somewhat zoned, unicolorous, in- ternally, as well as the hymenium which is porous then narrowly sinuato-labyrinthine, light yellow. Pileus triangular, margin swollen. On dead oak. Hereford. Imbricated, the veins for the most part straight and radiating. B. & Br. LXIX. D&dalea qitercina. fourth natural size. D^EDALEA. 225 Name— ^ it rum, gold. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 587. B. 6= Br. n. 1892.— £w, to bear). Hymenium pulverulent with the fer- ruginous spores. All destructive. LXX. Mernlhis lachrymans. One- third natural size. I. — LEPTOSPORI. Hymenium naked, &c. * Pileus effuso-reflexed, circumference determinate. 1. M. tremellosus Schrad. — White, resupinate then free or reflexed, fleshy - tremellose, tomentose, margin dentato -radiate. Folds porous, various, ruddy. Sporting in form, becoming pale in hidden places, but easily recognised by its gelatinoso-cartilaginous flesh. 228 POLYPOREI. Merulius. On decayed trees, birch, &c. Rare. Sept. -Feb. Sometimes the edge is beautifully tinged with pink. M.J.B. Spores cylindrical, curved, hyaline, 4x1 mk. K. Name — tremo, to tremble. From the substance approaching Tremella. Schrad. — Fr. Hym. £ur. p. 591. Berk. Out. p. 255. C. Hbk. n. 829. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 783. Fl. Dan. t. I553- 776- f- i. Hussey i. t. 10. KL Dor. t. 460. 2. M. aurantiacus Klotsch. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, between yellow and dirty white, here and there cinereous, tough, fleshy-coriaceous, effuso-reflexed, tomentose, zoned. Folds minute, somewhat poriform, dull orange. Zones obsolete, hirsuto-tomentose. On dead beech. Rare. May. Allied to M. lachrymans. M.J.B. Name — aurum, gold. Orange-yellow. KL in Berk. Eng. 'Fl. v. p. 128. Berk. Out. p. 256. C. Hbk. n. 832. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 784. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 591. 3. M. corium Fr. — White, resupinato-effused, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, and often equally broad, soft, somewhat of the cojisistence of paper, reflexed at the circumference which is at length free, villous beneath; hymenium reticulato-porous, flesh- colour or pale tan. Remarkable, variable in form and colour, sometimes short and reflexed, sometimes broadly expanded. On dead wood. Common. March-Dec. Spores oval, vivid orange, 4x5 mk. W.G.S. Name — corium, skin, leather. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 591. Elench. p. 58. Berk. Out. p. 255. C. Hbk. ?i. 830. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 785. Grev. t. 147. — Bull. t. 402. Sow. t. 349. ** Resupinato-effused,flaxy-niembranaceous, &>c. 4. M. laeticolor B. & Br. - - Bright-orange, wholly effused, adnate ; margin tomentose, white ; hymenium even then plicato- rugose ; folds distant. On sawdust and leaves. King's Lynn. Name— lest us, bright ; color, colour. B. fir" Br. n. 1681. 5. M. himantioid.es Fr. — Lilac, effused, silky, very soft, fibrous- silky beneath, circumference flaxy. Folds porous then gyrose, dingy yellow then somewhat olivaceous. Like M. lachrymans, but thinner and not pulverulent. On fir wood and on club-mosses. Rare. Sept. Name — ijuas, a strap or thong ; etSo?, appearance. From the thong-like MERULIUS. 229 folds. Ft: Hym. Eur. p. 592. Icon. t. 193.7 i. Br. in Bath Trans. 1870, Merulius. p. 84. C. Hbk. n. 831. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 786. Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 14.7. 3, 4. B. arboreus Sow. t. 346 ? 6. M. molluscus Fr.— White, effused, thin, soft, membrana- ceous, margin flaxy. Folds poroso-gyrose, flesh-colour. It varies with the pileus shortly reflexed and then the hymenium is not retic- ulated, but at the first gyroso-dentate. On fir-branches. Uncommon. Sept.-Feb. Hymenium dark brown when old. M.J.B. Name — molluscus, soft. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 592. Icon. t. 193. / 2. Berk. Out. p. 255. C. Hbk. n. 833. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 787. Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. t. 14.7. i, 2. Crustoso-adnate, circumference somewhat flaxy. 7. M. porinoides Fr. — Crustaceo-adnate, thin, the flaxy circum- ference white. Folds poriform, distant, light yellow-dingy. In -respect of the hymenium it resembles the preceding rather than the following species. On dead wood or on ground. Rare. Name— Trdpo?, a pore ; e'Sos, form. From the poriform folds. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 593. Berk. Out. p. 255. C. Hbk. n. 834. Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. t. 14. /• 7- 8. M. rufus Pers. — Red-flesh-colour, crustaceo-adnate, waxy- soft, smooth, circumference somewhat naked; hymenium equally porous, of the same colour. The habit is that of Polyporus, but it is distinct in its -waxy-soft nature. Often immersed in the wood. On dead oak. Uncommon. Oct. It has a very polyporoid appearance. M.J.B. Name— rufus, reddish. Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. /. i6./. i, 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 593. Berk. Out. p. 255. C. Hbk. n. 835. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 788. 9. M. serpens Tode. — Pallid becoming red, crustaceo-adnate -, thin, becoming smooth, the flaxy circumference white. Folds at first in the form of wrinkles, then porous, angular, entire. On dead fir. Rare. Oct. Not separable like M. corium. M.J.B. Name — serpo, to creep. Creeping. Tode.—Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 593. Icon. t. 193.7.3. Berk. Out. p. 255. C. Hbk. n. 836. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 789. 10. M. pallens Berk. — Pale-reddish, adnate, fleshy, somewhat gelatinous, thin, inseparable; margin indeterminate. Folds poriform. Pores minute. 230 POLYPOREI. Meruiius. On fir and oak. Rare. Oct.-Dec. Name— -palleo, to be pale. Berk. Out. p. 256. C. Hbk. n. 837. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 790. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 593. 11. M. Carmichaelianus Berk. — White, extremely thin, form- ing effused, entirely resupinate, irregular, interrupted, confluent patches. Folds forming regular, angular reticulations ; dull brown when dry. Forming a mere pellicle, with minute, often hexagonal, extremely shallow pores, like the cells of a honeycomb but quite superficial. On bark. Appin. Name — after Carmichael. Berk. Out. p. 256. C. Hbk. n. 838. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 791. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 593. — Grev. t. 224. II. — CONIOPHORI. Hymenium pulverulent, &c. 12. M. lachrymans Fr. — Light -yellow -ferruginous, spongy- fleshy, slightly moist, spider-web-velvety beneath, margin swollen, tomentose, white. Folds large, porous and gyroso-toothed. Exuding watery drops when in fullest vigour. Commonly in the form of a placenta, but also effuso-reflexed, nay, from a medial placenta stalked tuber- cles producing small pilei arise. Hymenium exceedingly changeable, some- times like that of Hydnum. On dressed wood, &c. Very common. The dry-rot of houses. Often covering a large surface of the wood. Spores oval, rich orange brown, 9x6 ink. W.G.S. ; ellipsoid, somewhat yellow, 10- 12 x 5-6 mk. K. Name — lachryma, a tear. From the watery drops. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 594. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 70. Berk. Out. p. 256. C. Hbk. ?i. 839. 61. Mycol. Scot. n. 792. Harz. t. 77. Hussey \. t. 3. Fl. Dan. t. 2026. Krombh. t. 46. f. 1-2. Sow. t. 113. — Wulfin Jacqu. Coll. t. 8. /. 2. * M. pulverulent us Fr. — Very broad, membranaceous, becoming even, zoned, arid, spider-web-velvety beneath, gradually decaying from the centre towards the circumference. Folds marginal, somewhat reticulated, tawny. Of many colours. Singular from the peculiar way in which the hymenium recedes from the centre. Strachan, Kincardineshire. Name — pulvis, dust. Pulverulent. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 594. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 792. Porothe- lium. GENUS XXX. — Porothelium (v6pos, a pore ; 0-n\r], a teat. From the porous spines). Fr. Obs. 2. p. 272. Whole fungus composed of mycelium, expanded resupinately, somewhat membranaceous, producing papillce which are at the POROTHELIUM. 231 distinct (and closed), J00;/ opened in the form of pores, at Porothe- length elongated and tubular. ^4 genus very distinct from the preceding ones, in many respects anal- ogous with Fistulina. Fr. Hym. Enr. p. 1. P. Friesii Mont.— White, some- what tan-colour, effused, confluent, ftocculoso - membranaceous, circum- ference simple. Warts containing the pores immersed, yellowish, at length opening in pitcher-shape. On dead pine. Rare. Nov.-Feb. Name — after Elias Fries. Montagn. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1836, Jun. n. 39. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 595. Berk. Out. p. C. Hbk. n. 840. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 793. . . ; '."-:- ;;-v^;:;>-0:'i^--, T ^.•j-j ;-':.-o"...-.-.:s -V.-' -/ - Ttl/'i-r. i^.. .'-' "_f'''---^ '^ 2. P. SteVenSOnl B. & Br. — Sub- LXXI. Porotkelium StevensonL stance rather thick, gelatinous, mar- Naturf fize- Section five times . natural size. gin rather coarsely hispid, at length more or less denuded. Warts of the hymenium distinct, inter- stices very smooth, bearing at the apex a limpid, diaphanous, yellow globule. On old pine rail. Glamis, 1877-1886. Spring, autumn. Almost white when fresh, becoming yellowish when old. The limpid globule is at first pale. When full grown the papilla is from four to five times as long as the diameter of the globule. The mycelium imparts a sweet scent to the wood. Found in greatest perfection on the under side of very old pine rail lying on the ground. Name — after Rev. John Stevenson. B. & Br. n. 1683. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 794. 3. P. Keithii B. & Br. — Narrowly adnate, slightly umber- colour; circumference very thin, at first somewhat gelatinous. Warts short, at length collapsed, gelatinous in the centre. On dead fir. Sanquhar. Dunphail. Glamis. April. Name— after Rev. Dr Keith. B. &•= Br. n. 1684. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 795. 4. P. confusum B. & Br. — Narrowly adnate, pallid, margin very thin, arachnoid, substance at first floccoso-pulverulent. Warts very small. On fir sticks. Glentanner. Leighwood. Glamis. Pitoulish, Inverness-shire. June-Sept. Name — confundo, to confuse. From having been confounded with a species in another genus. B. 6" Br. n. 1685. .S. Mycol. Scot. n. 796. 232 POLYPOREI. Soienia. GENUS XXXI. — Solenia (^ in.) thick, irregularly shaped, pallid. Spines 8 mm. (4 lin.) long, unequal, of the same colour. The colour varies whitish, yellow, somewhat flesh-colour, unchangeable. Pileus sometimes floccoso-pruinose. In woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. &• Margin of pileus more or less arched. Rl.J.B. Spores white or with a suggestion of yellow, round with an obtuse apiculus at one end, 5 mk. IV. G. S. Edible. One of the most delicious. Requires about four hours' slow cooking. Name — repand us, repand. Linn. Suec. n. 1258. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 601. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 15. Berk. Out. p. 258. t. 17. /. 2. C. Hbk. n. 844. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 801. Schce/. t. 318. Bull. t. 172. Sow. t. 176. Fl. Dan. t. 310. Vittad. t. 25. f. 2. Krombh. t. 50. f. 1-9. Vent. t. 27. f. 24. f. 4-6. Barla t. 32. f. 1-9. Grev. t. 44. Hussey i. t. 16. Harz. t. 23, £c. * H. rufescens Pers. Rufescent. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, //////, somewhat regular, pubescent. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, commonly thin, somewhat equal. Spines regular. In woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Pers. Syn. p. 555. Berk. Out., C. Hbk., S. Mycol. Scot, as quoted above. Bolt. t. 89. ft Lignosa. Pileus corky or coriaceous, tough. * Spines changing colour, and, as well as the spores, somewhat fuscous. 7. H. compactum Pers. — Pileus 2.5-15 cent. (1-6 in.) broad, olivaceous-cinereous or fuscous, corky, compact, undulated and tuberculose in becoming confluent, zoneless, commonly wrapped round with whitish down, internally variegated azure-blue. Stem very short, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, irregularly shaped, tawny inclining to fuscous. Spines 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) long, fuscous, pallid at the apex. Irregularly shaped, somewhat sessile, often forming a shapeless crust. In fir woods and on heaths. Rare. Sept.-Nov. Name — compactus, compact. Pers. Svn. p. 556, partly. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 603. Berk. Out. p. 258. B. & Br. n. 1367. C. Hbk. n. 845. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 802. Krombh. t. 50, f. 12. Strauss Sturm. 33. /. 6. — Schccff. t. 146 exclud- ing/- 4. 7- 8. H. aurantiacum Alb. & Schw. — Pileus 2.5-12.5 cent. (1-5 in.) broad, orange, corky, compact, turbinato-clilated, with small HVDNUM. 237 elevations, soneless, often covered over with whitish down, zoned Hydnum. internally. Stem short, 1-5 cent. (>£-2 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (/4.-1 in.) thick, orange. Spines 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) long, whitish becoming fuscous. Inodorous, firm. In pine woods. Grantown. Sept.-Nov. Name — aurum, gold. Orange-yellow. A. & S. p. 265. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 603. B. iSr5 Br. n. 1368. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 803. Fl. Dan. t. 1439. Batsch f. 222 (bad). 9. H. ferrugineum Fr. — Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad, obconic or when more fully grown flattened, even depressed, spongy-corky, soft, at first covered over with whitish down which exudes blood-red drops in the depressions, then more even and internally ferruginous. Stem firm, 4-7.5 cent. (iX~3 in-) long, unequal, fuscous-ferruginous. Spines awl-shaped, equal, fuscous- ferruginous. Gregarious but not confluent. Spongy-soft when young, corky and juice- less when full grown. In fir wood. Rothiemurchus. Aug.-Oct. Xame^/^rr&w, iron. Ferruginous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 603. Icon. t. 4. B. & Br. n. 1369. S. Mycol. Scot. ti. 804. Krombh. t. 50. /. 10, n. Bull, t. 409 (var.) Spines changing colour, and, as well as the spores, ferruginous. 10. H. scrobiculatum Fr.— Ferruginous. Pileus 2.5-5 cent- (1-2 in.) and more broad, corky-coriaceous, clavate then plano-in- fundibuliform, pubescent, disc slightly pitted, scaly, zoned within. Stem very short, 12 mm. (}4 in.) or a little more long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, equal, smooth, often rooted. Spines very short, slightly decurrent, thin, fragile, of the same colour as the pileus, and at length becoming fuscous. Gregarious, often growing into each other. Pileus becoming pale when dry. In fir woods. Minstead, Lyndhurst. Rothiemurchus, &c. Aug.-Nov. Name — scrobis, a trench. From the slightly pitted disc. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 604. Icon. t. 5. / i. B. & Br. n. 1294. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 805. Mich. Gen. t. 72. f. 7. — Bull. t. 156. 11. H. zonatum Batsch. — Ferruginous. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, equally coriaceous, thin, expanded, somewhat infundibuliform, zoned, becoming smooth, radiato-rugose, the paler 238 HYDNEI. Hydnum. margin sterile beneath. Stem 12-18 mm. (}£-% in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, slender, somewhat equal, floccose, base tuberous. Spines 2-3 mm. (\-\Yz lin.) long, slender, pallid then ferruginous. Very like H. scrobiculatum. In fir woods. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Name — zotia, a zone. Zoned. Batsch f. 224. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 605. Berk. Out. p. 258. C. Hbk. n. 846. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 806. Nees Syst. /. 242. Spines unchangeable and spores whitish. 12. H. nigrum Fr. — Pileus azure-blue-black, zoneless, but with a white margin when in fullest vigour, corky-rigid, club-shaped when young, then turbinate, at length flattened, piano-depressed, tubercular, tomentose, black internally. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, stout, often rooting, unequal, black, tomentose at the base, internally of the same colour. Spines awl-shaped, thin, rather short, white. Crespitose, rarely scattered, growing into each other in various forms. Inodorous. It differs from all others in being internally black. In pine woods. Street, Somerset. Sometimes zoned, as in the fig. of Fries. Spores round, papillose, 4 mk. IV.G.S. Name — niger, black. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 605. Icon. t. 5. f. 2. B. & Br. n. 1296. Seem. Journ. 1868, p. 334. Bath Trans. 1870, p. 86. C. Hbk. n. 847. B. pileus olivaceous-cinereous. Batsch f. 223. 13. H. graveolens Delast. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, black-fuscous, internally fuscous, margin whitish, coria- ceous, thin, soft, zoneless, rugose, smooth ; flesh of the same colour but paler. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, tough, very slender, equal, smooth, even polished, fuscous-black. Spines curt, decurrent, grey. The pileus when dry becomes cinereous. It differs remarkably from neigh- bouring species in its softer, thin substance, and in its odour which is almost that of Alelilot. Commonly densely gregarious or csespitose, but not growing into each other. In fir woods. Rare. Sept.-Nov. Retaining its scent for years. Name— graveolens (gravis-oleo), strong-smell- ing. Delast.— Fr. Hym'. Eur. p. 605. Icon. t. 6. /. i. Berk. Out. p. 258. C^ Hbk. n. 843. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 807. 14. H. niolaleucum Fr. — -Pileus black, coriaceous, thin, rigid, irregular, striate, with little elevations at the disc, margin white. Stem slender, smooth, black. Spines white. Inodorous. Pileus plane. HYDNUM. 239 In fir woods. Ascot. Forres. Sept. Hydnum. Name — ne\a<>, black ; Xev/c6g, white. From the black pileus and white spines. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 606. B. er3 Br. n. 1295. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1881, /. ^.—Schceff'. t. 272. 15. H. cyathiforme Schceff. — Pileus pale cinereous, margin white, coriaceous, ////;/, plano-infundibuliform, zoned, disc some- what tomentose. Stem slender, smooth, pale cinereous. Spines white. Small, commonly growing into each other. On fir wood. Ascot. Rothiemurchus. Sept.-Oct. Spores globular, rough or papillated, 3 ink. IV.G.S. Name — cyathiis, a cup ; Jorma, form. Schceff. t. 139. Fr. Hym. Eiir. p. 606. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 808. Fl. Dan. t. 1020. /. 2. H. tomentosum B. & Br. n. 1025. C. Hbk. n. 849. Harz. t. 3. a. Seem. Journ. 1868, /. 76. II. — PLEUROPUS. Somewhat dimidiate, stem lateral. 16. H. auriscalpium Linn.-- Pileus 12-18 mm. ()4-% in.) broad, date-brown then blackish, dimidiate^ coriaceous, reiiiforni, hairy. Stem slender, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 1-3 mm. (%-i% lin.) thick, vertical, rooted, hairy, of the same colour as the pileus. Spines 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) long, tough, date-brown. The pileus sometimes appears entire with lobes all round. On fir-cones and among fir-leaves. Frequent. Aug.— Nov. Name — auriscalpium, an ear-pick. From its shape. Linn. Suec. n. 1260. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 607. Berk. Out. p. 258. C. Hbk. n. 850. S. Mycol. Scot. ;/. 809. Schceff. t. 143. Bull. t. 481. f. 3. Fl. Dan. t. 1020. f. i. Curt. Land, t. 190. Bolt. t. go. Grev. t. 196. Sow. t. 267. Krombh. t. 50. f. 15-17. III. — MERISMA. Very much branched or tuberculiform, «S:c. * Very much branched. 17. H. coralloides Scop. — Very much branched, shining white, at length yellowish, wholly broken up into attenuated intricate branches; primary branches 12 mm. (}4 in.) and more thick, ultimate ones 2 mm. (i lin.) and less. Spines 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) long, unilateral, awl-shaped, entire. On decayed fir, beech, ash, &c. Rare. Young plant resembling a cauliflower. Pers. Edible. Name — Kopd\\Lov, coral ; etSo?, appearance. Coral-like. Scop. Cam. 2. p. 472. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 667. Sv. iit I. Sv. t. 34. Berk. Out. p. 259. C. Hbk. n. 851. ' Schceff. t. 142. Sow. t. 252. Krombh. t. 51. f. 4-7. — Bull. t. 390. 240 HYDNEI. Hydnum. ** Simple, tuberculiform, immarginate. 18. H. erinaceum Bull. — Pileus 20 cent. (8 in.) and more broad, often much less, white, becoming yellow, fleshy, elastic- tough, pendulous, tubercular, immarginate, torn into fibrils above. Spines very long, 4-6 cent. (iX~2X in-)> straight, equal, pendulous. Striking, changeable in form, in the form of a heart when most perfect, often with the rudiment of a lateral stem. Internally as if latticed in a branched manner. On trunks of oak, beech, &c. Rare. Spores white, plain, 5x6 mk. IV.G.S. Name — erinaceus, a hedgehog. From its appearance. Ball. t. 34. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 608. Berk. Out. p. 259. C. Hbk. n. 852. Vittad. i. 26. Krombh. t. ST./. 1-3. 19. H. caput-Medusse Bull. — White, then fuliginous-cinereous, fleshy, tuberculiform, somewhat stipitate. Spines on upper surface distorted, the lower ones long, straight. Large. The trunk is dilated into a pileus, which is covered over with slender spines on all sides. On trunks. Rare. Name — Medusa's head. Bull. t. 412. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 608. Berk. Out. p. 259. C. Hbk. n. 853. IV. — APUS. Pileus sessile, dimidiate, &c. * Pileus fleshy, soft. 20. H. cirrhatum Pers. — Pileus pallid, fleshy, expanded, fibrilloso-curled above with scattered decumbent abortive spines, the fimbriate margin incurved. Spines very long, 10-16 mm. (5-8 lin.), slightly tough, equal. Simple or imbricated. Varying white, light yellowish, rufescent. On a beech-tree. Epping Forest. Name — cirrus, a curl, lock of hair. Pileus curled. Pers. Syn. p. 558. Fr. Hvm. Eur. p. 609. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 71. /. i. B. &> Br. n. 1370. Fl. Dan. t. 1789.7. 2. 21. H. diversidens Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, white fleshy, thick, substipitate, very irregularly shaped, densely beset above with erect, variously shaped, incised teeth, clothed at the entire margin with club-shaped spines, and beneath with entire awl-shaped regular spines. Colour almost that of repandum. Singular from having spines of three kinds. Allied to H. cirrhatum, but not caespitose, more irregularly shaped, here and there lobed. HYDNUM. 24 [ On beech and hornbeam. Guildford. Epping Forest. Oct. Hydnum. Name— diversus ; dens, a tooth. With teeth and spines of different shapes. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 609. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 71. / 2. Grevillea, vol. xiii. /. 49. Krombh. t. 51. /. 8-12. ** Cccspitose, pilei imbricated, No British species. *** Simple, pileus coriaceous or corky. 22. H. ochraceum Pers. — Pilei 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, ochra- ceous, effuso - reflexed, coriaceous, thin, zoned. Spines very small, ochraceous-flesh-colour. Very small, sometimes wholly resupinate. On dead branches. Common. Nov. Easily removed from the matrix. M.J.B. Name — ochraceus, ochrey- yellow. Pers. Syn. p. 559. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 612. Syst. Myc. \. p. 414. Berk. Out. p. 259. C. Hbk. n. 855. S. J\Iycol. Scot. n. 810. — Sow. t. 15. LXXIV. Hydnum ochraceum. Natural size. Section twice natural size. Pileus membranaceous. No British species. V. — RESUPINATI. Pileus none, &c. * Spines fuscous, ferruginous. 23. H. squalinum Fr.— Subiculum pale wood -colour, coria- ceous, firm, adnate. Spines crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) and more long, stout, compressed, entire, at length becoming fuscous. Rather large, firmer than the rest, villous becoming smooth, variable in stature and colour, abnormal, here and there with the connate teeth of Irpex, and at the same time allied to Radulum. On trunks, especially beech. Admitted on the authority of Ray and Bolton. Name — squalus, a shark. From the strong spines like shark's teeth. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 612. Syst. Myc. i. p. 420. Berk. Out. p. 259. C. Hbk. n. 856. Ray Syn. t. i. /. 5.— Bolt. t. 74. VOL. II. O 242 HYDNEI. Hydnum. 24. H. membranaceum Bull.— Subiculum tawny-ferruginous, effused, waxy-membranaceous^ agglutinated, smooth. Spines awl-shaped, crowded, equal, acute, of the same colour as the subiculum. It varies yellowish and thinner. On fallen sticks. Frequent. Na.rr\e—memfirana, a membrane. Bull. t. 481. f. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 613. Berk. Out. p. 260. C. Hbk. n. 857. Sow. t. 327. 25. H. Weinmanni Fr. — Subiculum fawn-grey, effused, waxy- membranaceous, agglutinated, smooth. Spines minute, acute, somewhat distant, equal. Becoming cinereous when dry. On fallen branches. Bristol. Name — after Weinmann. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 613. Berk. Out. p. 260. C. Hbk. n. 858. Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 22. /. 2 ? 26. H. crinale Fr. — Subiculum umber, effused, villoso-inter- woven, thin. Spines long, crowded, equal, very slender, umber. Unicolorous. The spines are almost like hairs. On dead wood. Rare. Essex. Remarkable for the long dark rufous-brown spines which shine as if var- nished. M.J.B. Name — crinis, hair. From the hair-like spines. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 613. H. fuscum Berk. Out. p. 260. C. Hbk. n. 859. — Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 17.7. 3. 27. H. ferruginosum Fr. — Subiculum tawny -ferruginous, effused, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, tomentose. Spines crowded, conico-awl-shaped, acute, tawny-ferruginous. The spines are straight and equal or oblique and somewhat compressed according to situation. On decayed wood. Uncommon. Separable from the matrix, almost mucedinous when fully developed. M.J.B. Name—ferrum, iron. Ferruginous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 613. Syst. Mvc. i. p. 416. Berk. Out. p. 260. C. Hbk. n. 860. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 811. —Schrad. Spic. t. 4. / 2. NeesSyst.f. 248. 28. H. variecolor Fr. — Subiculum white, effused, adnate, forming a furfuraceous crust. Spines crowded, conical, short, unequal, minute, somewhat fuscous. Like H. farinaceum. Spines commonly adpressed. On dead stumps. Rare. HYDNUM. 243 Name — varius, color. From the colours. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 613. Berk. Hydnum. Out. p. 260. C. Hbk. n. 861. ** Spines yellowish, green. 29. H. aureum Fr. — Subiculum golden, determinate, somewhat cartilaginous, continuous, smooth, radiate in the form of teeth at the circumference. Spines awl-shaped, equal, of the same colour as the subiculum. Distinguished, analogous with Phlebia radiata, remarkable moreover for the mycelium permeating the wood and giving rise to a distinctly defined yellow- flesh-coloured spot. On dead branches. Penzance. With a merulioid aspect. B & Br. Name — aurum, gold. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 613. B. & Br. n. 1970. 30. H. denticulatum Pers. — Light-yellow-ochraceous, shining, longitudinally effused, somewhat fleshy, subiculum thin, smooth, somewhat mealy. Spines crowded, equal, slightly toothed at the margin. Colour bright yellowish almost between light-yellow and egg-yellow. On rotten wood. Penzance. Name — dens, a tooth. From the slightly toothed spines. Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. p. 181. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 614. B. & Br. n. 1971. 31. H. alutaceum Fr.— Subiculum pallid -ochraceous, longi- tudinally effused, 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, crustose, adnate, smooth, circumference naked. Spines minute, crowded, equal, acute. In colour like Grandinia granulosa, but wholly distinct. On dead wood. Rare. Name — aluta, tanned leather. From the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 614. Syst. Myc. i. p. 417. Berk. Out. p. 260. C. Hbk. n. 862. 32. H. sordidum Weinm. — Dingy yellowish, broadly effused, thin, easily separating, mucid, at the circumference gyroso-porous, sulphur -yellow. Spines very crowded, compressed, incised, rather acute. In the form of Meruliiis at the circumference, spines somewhat gelatinous, appearing as if composed of several growing together, smooth. On dead wood. Stoke Poges. Nov. Name — sordidus, dirty, dingy. Of colour. Weinm. Ross. p. 370. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 614. B. <5r Br. n. 1688. 33. H. limonicolor B. £ Br. — Adnate, bright lemon-yellow. 244 HYDNEI. Hydnum. Spines crowded, acute, short; mycelium shining white, scanty or obsolete. On stone buried among pine-leaves. Glamis, 1876. Oct. Name — lemon-colour. Citrus Limonum. B. & Br. n, 1686. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 812. 34. H. spathulatum Fr. — Subiculum 'whitish-yellowish, effused, m3inbranaceous, separable, circumference fimbriated. Spines spathulate, oblique, orange. Membrane villous beneath. On dead wood. Rare. Jan. Name — spatha, a spatula. Spoon-shaped. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 614. Berk. Out. p. 261. C. Hbk. n. 863. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 813. Schwein. Car. n. 993. 35. H. multiforme B. & Br. — Ochrey- white, at first even, resembling a Corticium, at length here and there fertile. Spines very acute, crowded, becoming pallid and fimbriate; texture floccoso-mealy. Very variable, sometimes almost towy, with the margin inflexed. On dead wood. Glamis, 1877. Name — mult us, many ; forma, form. Of many forms. B. 6^ Br. n. 1687. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 814. 36. H. anomalum B. & Br. — Pallid light yellow; stratum thin, gelatinous ; teeth in the form of granules, then stipitate and obtusely divided upwards. Substance of teeth tough, with large ovate or globose vesicles immersed in it. Near to Fries's genus Mucronella. In the inside of very rotten ash-tree. Langridge, Somerset- shire. March. Spores globose, shortly pedicellate. B. 6s Br. Name — di/u^aXo?, irregular. B. & Br. n. 1438, with fig. 37. H. melleum B. & Br. — Honey-colour, effused, thin, margin delicately flaxy ; subiculum and teeth, which are acute and some- times divided at the apex, pulverulent downwards, naked at the middle. On broken rails on the ground. Coed Coch, 1873. Name — mel, honey. Honey-colour. B. fir5 Br. n. 1436. 38. H. sepultum B. & Br. — Wholly resupinate, golden, margin white. Spines acute, medium-sized. HYDNUM. 245 Forming little scattered patches. Hydnum. On stones buried among pine-leaves. Glamis, 1876. Forres. Sept. Na.me—sepelio, to bury. Buried. B. 6s Br. n. 1813. -5. Mycol. Scot, n. 820. *** Spines flesh-colour, lilac, rufescent. 39. H. udum Fr. — Subiculumy^\svW<9/(Wr then watery -yellowish, effused, thin, somewhat gelatinous, agglutinated, smooth. Spines crowded, unequal, 2-3-forked and fimbriated, of the same colour as the subiculum. Very long and broad. Not separable from the wood. Allied to H. mem- branaceum. On dead branches. Frequent. Oct. Forming elongated patches 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) long. M.J.B. Name— udus, moist. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 615. Syst. Myc. i. p. 422. Berk. Out. p. 261. t. 17.7. 3. C. Hbk. n. 864. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 815. 40. H. bicolor Alb. & Schw.— Subiculum white, widely effused, 20 cent. (8 in.) and more, tomentose, adpressed, thin. Spines minute, curt, i m. (}4 lin.) long, white-'villous, naked at the apex, acute, rufous-date-brown. On bramble. Batheaston. March. Name — bis, color. Of two colours. A. & S. p. 270. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 615. Syst. Myc. i. p. 417. B. £r= Br. n. 1297. **•*# spines white ', or light yellowish when old. 41. H. nodulosum Fr.— Whitish, very broadly effused, crusta- ceous, closely adnate, smooth, even and at the same time nodu- lose. Spines very long, on the even part depressed and adnate to the wood, on the lower side of the nodules free and pendulous. The nodules which vary in size are sterile above, even and smooth, pallid yellowish, but furnished with spines on the side facing the ground. On fir stumps. Glamis, 1876. Oct. Name — nodus, a knot. Nodulose. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 616. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 816. — H. macrodon Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 279, not Pers. Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. t. 2, 22, f. i. 42. H. Stevensoni B. & Br. — White, effused, mealy beneath, here and there flaxy. Spines cylindrical obtuse or truncate, sometimes compressed, pulverulent at the apex. 246 HYDNEI. Hydnun?. On dead wood. Glamis, 1874. March. Name— after Rev. John Stevenson. B. £r° Br. n. 1437. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 817. 43. H. niveum Pers. — Shining white. Subiculum effused, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, thin, membranaceous, adnate, circumference flaxy . Spines crowded, curt, short, equal, smooth. B. fimbriatum circumference fibrilloso-fimbriate. On dead wood. Uncommon. April-Nov. Name — nix, snow. Snow-white. Pers. Disp. t. 4. f. 6, 7. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 616. Syst. Myc. i. p. 419. Berk. Out. p. 261. C. Hbk. n. 865. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 818. Nees Syst. f. 246. 44. H. farinaceum Pers. — White. Subiculum effused, inde- terminate, closely adnate, mealy crustose, circumference some- what flocculose. Spines thin, somewhat distant, very acute, quite entire. It varies yellowish. On dead wood. Frequent. Oct.-Nov. Forming thin effused patches, resembling scattered meal. M.J.B. Name —farina, meal. Pers. Syn. p. 562. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 616. Syst. Myc. i. p. 419. Berk. Out. p. 261. C. Hbk. n. 866. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 819.— Fl. Dan. t- 1375- 45. H. argutum Fr. — White. Subiculum effused, in scattered patches, tomentoso - interwoven, adnate. Spines acute, awl- shaped, unequal, under a lens serrated or slightly toothed at the sides. On wood and bark. Bodelwyddan. Twycross. Sept. Distinguished by its spongy subiculum, which consists of rather strong per- pendicular threads. B. 6" Br. Name — argutus, acute. Of the spines. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 616. B. & Br. n. 1026. C. Hbk. n. 867. — Roth. Ust. Ann. i. t. i./. 5 s. 46. H. stipatum Fr. — Whitish. Subiculum very widely tffasz&ijlocculoso-furfuraceous, forming an adnate crust. Spines crowded, in the form of granules, rather obtuse and slightly toothed. The circumference is sterile or covered with spines. It varies in colour, isabelline or light yellowish. On rotten wood. Carlisle. Name — stipatus, crowded. Of the spines. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 617. Gre- villea, vol. xii. /. 98. TREMELLODON. 247 GENUS XXXI 1 1.— Hericium Pers. Comm. Clav. p. 23. partly. Hericium. Fr. Syst. Orb. Veget. p. 88. Fleshy, club-shaped, in place of a pileus divided at the apex into spines, which are extended upwards, not inferior and facing the ground. Growing on trunks, An anomalous genus, resembling Clavarice, hymenium amphi- genous, but undoubtedly nearest to Hydna. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 617. No British species. •x-2 GENUS XXXIV.— Tremellodon (Tremella, a gelatinous genus of fungi; oSous, a tooth). Pers. Myc. Eur. p. 172. Gelatinous, pileate, aculeate below; spines awl-shaped, equal. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 618. 1. T. gelatinosum Pers.— Pileus glaucous-fuscous, gelatinous, tremu- lous, dimidiate, somewhat stipitate, covered with small pimples. Spines soft, glaucous. Extremely variable in form, stipitate (on the ground) and sessile. On fir, trunks and sawdust. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Of a soft gelatinous consistence approach- ing that of a Tremella. Pileus fan-shaped, or rounded in front, attenuated behind so as to make a short spurious stem. In an early stage it is decurrent at the point of attachment. The surface is of a bistre- brown, uneven with frequent depressions, and rough at first with little points, but at length nearly smooth. The hymenium is either pure white or shaded with a delicate blue tint, the spines straight, of moderate length, and very delicate. The plant shrinks much in drying. M.J.B. Of singular beauty, almost translucent with steel-blue tints shading into violet, while the spines are of a pure soft white. Spores round, somewhat irregular, white, 2 mk. W.G.S. Name— gelatin a, jelly. Gelatinous. Pers. Scop. Cam. 2. p. 472. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 618. S. My col. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 75. Hydnum gelatinosum Berk. Out. p. 259. C. Hbk. n. 854. Sch&ff. t. 144. Jacqu. Austr. t. 239. Krombh. t. 50. /. 18-22. — Fl. Dan. t. 717. Var. with pines throughout Jacqu. Misc. \. t. 9. LXXV. Tremellodon gelatino- sum. One-third natural size. Section twice natural size. 248 HYDNEI. Sistotrema. GENUS XXXV. — Sistotrema (sisto, to place; rprj^a, a pore. From the arrangement of the pores). Pers. — Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 426. Fleshy, with an inferior hymenium spread over teeth resem- bling broken gills. Gills somewhat waxy, irregularly arranged (not radiating), distinct, bent, easily rubbed off from the pileus. Sporo- phores 4-spored, spores oval. Irreg- ular inform or dimidiate. A genus nearest to Irpex t but clearly distinct by reason of the gill- like, irregularly arranged, distinct, non-concatenate teeth, and by the fleshy substance. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 618. 1. S. confluens Pers. — Entire, shining 'white. Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (Yz-\ in.) broad, fleshy, irregular, horizontal, villous. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and less long, somewhat ex- centric. Gills (tooth - like plates) flexuous, changeable in form. LXXVI. Sistotrema coiifluens. Natural size. Section twice natural size. Simple, but csespitose and growing into each other. On the ground and sticks. Uncommon. Autumn. At length yellowish or tinged with brown. Tooth-like plates of the hymenium entire or jagged. Grev. Name — confluo, to flow together. Con- fluent. Pers. Syn. p. 551. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 619. Syst. Myc. i. p. 426. Berk. Out. p. 262. C. Hbk. n. 869. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 821. Grev. t. 248. — Bull. t. 453- f. I. S02V. t. 112. irpex. GENUS XXXVI.— Irpex (irpex, a harrow). Fr. Elench. p. 142. Hymenium inferior, toothed from the first. Teeth firm, some- what coriaceous, acute, concrete with the pileus, arranged in rows or like network, connected at the base by folds, which are gill-like (in sessile species) or resemble honeycomb (in resu- pinate ones). Sporophores 4-spored. Growing on wood^ some- what sessile or resupinate, approaching Lenzites and Dcedalece. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 619. IRPEX. 249 x z * Stipitate. ** Pendulous "with the p ileus extended behind. *** Sessile or ejfuso-rejtexed, marginate. **** Resupinate. * Stipitate. No British species. ** Pendulous ivith the pi lews extejided behind. 1. I. pendulus Fr. — Pilei light yellow, extended behind, pendulous, membranaceous, plicate, adpresseclly squamuloso-pilose. Teeth in rows, large, incised, shining white. Membrane of the pileus elastic, but when extended it contracts again. Its characters are wholly those of the genus, but it is not allied to any other plant among the Hydna. It is nearly allied to Cyphella, more remote- ly to Trogia, and might almost be regarded as the type of a separate genus. On pine. Rare. Castle Semple (Edin. Herbarium). Menmuir. Name — pcndo, to hang. Pendulous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 620. Berk. Out. p. 262. LXXl/I1- Wex obhqnns. Nat- C. Hbk. n. 870. S. MycoL Scot. n. 822. ural size. Section twice natural —Alb. dr1 Schw. p. 261. t. 6. f. 7. Irpex size. *** Sessile or effuso-reflexed^ marginate. 2. I. fusco-violaceus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) long, more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, white inclining to hoary, effuso- reflexed, coriaceous, silky, zoned. Teeth in rows in the form of plates, fuscous-violaceous, incised at the apex. It differs certainly from Polyporus abietinus. It is marked with a few depressed, concentrically sulcate zones of the same colour. Margin deflexed, often repand. Often wholly effused. On pine trunks. Rare. Leigh Woods. Name — From the colour of the teeth. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 620. Elench. p. 144. Br. Bath. Trans. 1870, p. 87. C. Hbk. n. 873. Kl. Bor. t. 536. — Willd. Bot. Mag. iv. t. 2. /. 5. 3. I. Johnston! Berk. — Resupinate, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, pure white, coriaceo-membranaceous, separable from the matrix, cir- 250 HYDNEI. cumference naked. Teeth compressed, unequal, arranged in rows. Effused, with the margin reflexed all round, and the teeth exactly resem- bling those of many true species of Hydnum, but upon minute inspection they will be found to be seated upon fine folds. On dead beech. Berwick. Name — after Dr George Johnstone. Berk. Out. p. ^62. C. Hbk. n. 871. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 823. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 621. Irpex lacteus Eng. Fl. v. p. 161. 4. I. spathulatus Fr. — Shining white, effused, membranaceous, at first flaxy, at length becoming smooth. Teeth spathulate^ eqital, entire, reticulato-connected with obsolete veins. Very distinct, never porous. Here and there yellowish when dry. On larch. Wallington, Northumberland. Nov. Name — spatha, a spatula. From the spoon-shaped teeth. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 622. B. & Br. n. 1815. — Schrad. Spic. t. 4. /. 3. 5. I. obliquus Fr. — White inclining to pale, effused, forming an adnate crust, circumference flaxy. Teeth extended from a base resembling honeycomb, compressed, unequal^ incised, oblique. At first abundantly porous, but toothed from the first, at length quite as in Hydna. On stumps and dead branches. Uncommon. Nov.-Feb. Name — obliquus, oblique. From the teeth. Fr. Hym. Eiir. p. 622. Berk. Out. p. 262. C. Hbk. n. 872. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 824.— Bolt. t. 167. /. i. 6. I. deformis Fr. — White, effused, crustaceous, thin, circum- ference pubescent, somewhat flaxy. Teeth extended in awl-shape from a minutely porous base, thin, somewhat digitato-incised. It approaches the Polypori. On wood. Strachan, Kincardineshire. Name — deformis, misshapen. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 622. S. Alycol. Scot, n. 825. 7. I. carneus Fr.— Reddish, effused, 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, cartilaginous-gelatinous, membranaceous, adnate. Teeth obtuse and awl-shaped, entire, united at the base. It inclines to Radula and Phlebice. On wood. Penzance. When perfect it is a true Irpex. B. &> Br. Name— caro, flesh. Flesh- colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 622. B. & Br. n. 1972. RADULUM. GENUS XXXVII.— Raduium (from the root-like appearance of the processes of the hymenium). Fr. Elench. p. 148. Hymenium amphigenous, tubercular. Tubercles rude, irregu- larly shaped, commonly elongate, obtuse, waxy (except in R. aterrimuni}, irregularly arranged, distinct. Sporophores 4-spored, oc- curring not only on the tubercles, but also on the even parts of the hymenium. Growing on wood, resu- pinato-effused, often bursting through the bark. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 622. * Denuded, very variable. ** Innate, removing the bark. * Denuded, very variable. 1. R. orbiculare Fr. — A. First season s growth, white then yellowisJi, orbicular, confluent, circumference flaxy. Tubercles elongated, some- what round, scattered or fasciculate. B. Second season's growth, vernal, flesh-colour, waxy-fleshy, smooth. Tubercles softer, shorter, as if rubbed away. ffv Raduhim quercinum. Natural size. Entirely changeable in form, but very distinct, flexuous. The tubercles vary On dead bark, birch, cherry, &c. Frequent. Oct. 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, quite membranaceous or above 4 mm. (2lin.) thick. M.J.B. Name — orbiculus, a small disc. Orbicular, round. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 623. Berk. Out. p. 263. C. Hbk. n. 874. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 826. Grev. t. 278. 2. R. quercinum Fr. — White then pallid, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.), somewhat round then broadly confluent, innate, crustaceous, becoming smooth. Tubercles round, stout, obtuse, scattered or fasciculate, irregularly shaped, fioccoso-mllous at the apex. Rude, changeable in form, often confounded with Hydnum squalinum and H. variecolor. On dead oak. Rare. Dec. Name — quercus, oak. Growing on oak. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 623. Syst. Myc. i. p. 423. Berk. Out. p. 263. C. Hbk. n. 875. 6". Mycol. Scot. n. 827. — Ray Syn. t. i./. 4. 252 HYDNEI. Raduium. 3. R. tomentosum Fr. — White inclining to pale, effused, innate, rather thick, circumference swollen, erect, tomentose. Tubercles short, crowded together, angular, obtuse, smooth, confluent. When dry pale wood-colour, the tomentum sometimes becoming ferrugin- ous. On Pyrus aucuparia. Menmuir, Forfarsh. New Pitsligo, Aberdeensh. Name — tomentum, down. Downy. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 624. B. & Br. n. 1439. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 828. 4. R. deglubens B. & Br.— Orbicular, 8 mm. (^ in.) across, ferruginous, somewhat diaphanous. Tubercles erect, somewhat cylindrical, irregular, scattered ; interstices even, pulverulent with the white spores. On ash. Sanquhar, Moraysh. New Pitsligo, Aberdeensh. Jan. Name — deglubo, to peel off. Peeling off. B. & Br. n. 1440. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 829. 5. R. corallinum B. & Br. — Effused, white ; subiculum shining, very thin, pelliculose. Tubercles fasciculate (fascicles 6 mm., X in. or more across), divided downwards, obtuse, coralloid. Effused for 7.5 cent. (3 in.) over branches partially covered with lichens. On oak branches. Glamis, 1874. Sept. Name — /copaAAioc, coral ; elSos, appearance. Coral-like. B. dr1 Br. n. 1441. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 830. 6. R. epileucum B. & Br. — Effused for several inches, ochrey- white, wholly resupinate; subiculum snow-white, covered by a waxy stratum. Tubercles scattered, cylindrical, under a lens fimbriated at the apex, deciduous. Tubercles falling out and showing the white mealy subiculum, round which is an annular depression. On decorticated wood. Glamis, 1874. Aug. Name — en-i, Aev/c6?, white. Whitish. B. 6^ Br. n. 1442. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 831. ** Innate, removing the bark. 1. R. fagineum Fr. — White, becoming pale, innate, removing the bark, smooth. Tubercles elongated, round, various, obtuse, entire. Surrounding decorticated branches like stalactite. THLEBIA. 253 On dead beech. Epping Forest. Feb. -March. Radulum. Na.me—/agus, beech. Growing on beech. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 624. C. Hbk. n. 8?6.—Pers. 8. R. aterrimum Fr. — Black, innate, removing the bark, strigose. Tubercles elongated, distant, large, irregularly shaped, somewhat compressed, black. Hymenium not continuous. On branches. Kensington Gardens. Berkeley now regards Hydnum erectum Sow. Herb, as identical. Name — ater, black. Very black. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 624. B. & Br. n. 1814, 1573. GENUS XXXVIII. — Phlebia (<£A Br. n. 282. C. Hbk. n. 88 1. S. My col. Scot. n. 834. 5. G. crustosa Fr. — White, floccoso-mealy, irregularly effused, crustaceous, adnate. Granules somewhat round, crowded, obtuse, of the same colour at the apex. On Polyporus versicolor. Dun, 1874. Feb. Name — crusta, a crust. Crustaceous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 627. B. dr° Br. n. 1443. S. My col. Scot. n. 835. — Pers. Syn. p. 562. Nees Syst. f. 247. Var. lignorum A. & S. Often yellowish, granules unequal, often hollowed out at the apex. On rotting pine. Glamis, 1877. May. B. & Br. n. 1690. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 835. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 627. ^\ Odontia. GENUS XL. — Odontia (oSovs, a tooth). Fr. Gen. Hymen. Hymenium composed of interwoven fibres, which form papil- lose, rarely spine-shaped warts, with a nmltifid crest or pencilled at the apex. Resnpinato-effused, arid and not waxy like the preceding, tending more towards Hydna. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 627. 1. 0. barba-Jovis Fr.— White then yellowish, flaxy-membranaceous, ef- fused, equal. Warts at first papil- lose then conical, almost 4 mm. (2 lin.) long, with an orange fringe at the apex. The only species in which the warts resem- ble spines. Subiculum expanded to 20 cent. LXXXl. Odontia fimbriata. (I2 in>) and m°re' Natural size. On decayed wood. Epping Forest. Sowerby's figure seems to represent the true plant, but the specimens in his herbarium are Radulum quercinum. B. <5r= Br. Name — Jove's beard. Fr. ODONTIA. 257 Hym. Eur. p. 627. Syst. Myc, i. p. 421. B. & Br, n. 1299.— Hydnum Odontia. With.— Sow. t. 328. Bull. t. 48 1./. 2. 2. 0. fimbriata Pers. — Pallid, effused, membranaceous, separat- ing-, traversed by root-like ribs, circumference fibrilloso-fringed. Warts minute, in the form of granules, multifid at the apex, rufescent. Elegant. The type of the genus. On dead wood. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Frequently tinged with lilac. M.J.B. NsLme—jlm&ria, a fringe. From the fringed circumference. Pers. Obs. \. p. 88. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 627. Berk. Out. p. 264. C. Hbk. n. 884. S. My col. Scot. n. 836. GENUS XLI.— Kneiffia (after Kneif, a promising mycologist Kneiffia. of Baden, who died young). Fr. Gen. Hymen. Hymenium amphigenous, continuous, united, but incomplete (imperfect), similar (to the hymeno- phore), destitute of granules and warts, strigose and roughened with rigid, scattered or fasciculate bristles. Sporophores single- spored ; spores elliptic. Laxly fleshy, soft, when dry collapsing and becoming flocculose. Swelling out of chinks in the bark of trees into 'various forms, hemispheri- cal in its most perfect state. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 628. 1. K. setigera Fr. — Milk-white, irregularly effused, thick, fleshy, un- dulated, flocculose within, silky beneath, beset with scattered hyaline bristles. Of no constant form, but certainly a typical plant, not a degenerate con- dition of any other, and the type of a most distinct genus, in its substance and white colour comparable only with Corticium serum, but differing in the fructification. The bristles are rigid, equal, not to be compared with those of Aiiricularini. The largest specimens are of the size of an apple, but com- monly thin, effused, often incrusting Sphcerice. On dead wood. Uncommon. April. Somewhat resembling Grandinia granulosa in general appearance. M.J.B. Spores elliptic, 11-14 mk. B. £r= Br. Name — seta, a bristle ; gero, to carry. VOL. II. R LXXXII. Kneiffia setigera. Natural size. 258 HYDNEI. Kneiffia. Bristly. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 628. Elench. p. 208. Berk. Out. p. 265. B. & Br. n. 1299*. t. i8./. i. C. Hbk. n. 885. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 837. 2. K. subgelatinosa B. & Br. — Yellowish then cream-colour, thin. Granules minute, somewhat gelatinous, fringed at the apex. Accompanied by a green Alga, which penetrates the tissue of the fungus. On stumps of fir. Glamis, 1874. April. Name — sub, gelatinosus, somewhat gelatinous. B. & Br. n. 1444. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 838. Mucroneiia. GENUS XLII. — Mucronella (mucro, a sharp point ; dim.) Receptacle none. Spines awrl-shaped, simple, acute, smooth, definitely facing the ground. Small, growing on wood. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 629. No British species. 259 ORDER IV.— THELEPHOREI. Hymenium inferior or amphigenous, coriaceous or waxy, even, rarely ribbed or papillose. Sporophores 4-spored. The begin- ning of a new series with the hymenium not figurate. The hymenium is commonly said to be papillose, but these (so-called) papillae are for the most part spurious or accidental, generally arising from incrusted Sphcerice, and disappearing when the fungus grows on an even surface. Thus also the occasional papillae in Stereum rubiginosum, hirsutum, &c., arise from the rough surface on which they grow. In a few species papilla are present when they are in full vigour, but these collapse when the plant dries. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 629. GENUS XLIII.— Craterellus (crater, a bowl). Fr. Gen. Hymen. Hymenium waxy-membranaceous, distinct, but adnate to the hymenophore, definitely inferior, continuous, smooth, even or rugose. Spores white. Growing on the ground, fleshy or membranaceous, furnished with an entire pileus, stipi- tate, autumnal, allied to Cantliarelli. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 630. * Tubfsfortn, pervious to the base of the stem. ** Infundibuliform, stem stuffed. *** irregularly shaped, pileus and stem fleshy. * Tub&form, pervious to the base of the stem. 1. C. lutescens Fr.— Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad, fuscous, some- what membranaceous, tubaeform, soon pervious, undulated, flocculose. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, hol- low, smooth, yellow. Hymenium yellow, £c., remotely ribbed, even then rugose with interwoven veins. Craterellus. LXXXIII. Craterellus lutescens. One-half natural size. 260 THELEPHOREI. Craterellus. Odour strong, spirituous. Hymenium yellow, inclining to reddish, orange, and bluish - grey. Formerly confounded with Cantharellus tubceformis (lutescens}. In moist woods. Rare. Name — yellowish. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 630. Berk. Out. p. 265. C. Hbk. n. 886. S. Mycol. Scot. n. ^g.—Schceff. t. 157. Bolt. t. 105. /. 2. Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. t. 13. f. i. 2. C. cornucopioides Pers. — Pileus blackish-fuliginous, some- what membranaceous, tubasform, pervious, squamulose. Stem hollow, smooth, black. Hymenium even, at length slightly wrinkled, cinereous. Very variable in size. Very like Canth. cinereus, but differing in the structure of the hymenium. In woods. Uncommon. Sept. Distinguished from Canth. cine.reus by the spores. In this moreover the sporophores are forked above, and the spicules long and often less than four in number ; in Canth. cinereus the sporophores are obtuse, and the spicules four. B. & Br. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) or more broad. More or less tufted. M.J.B. Spores 10x4 mk. B. & Br.; ellipsoid, hyaline, 12-14x7-8 mk. K. Name — cornu copies, horn of plenty. From its shape. Pers. Myc. Eur. 2. p. 5. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 631. Berk. Out. p. 266. t. 19. /. 6. B. & Br. n. 1139*. C. Hbk. n. 887. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 840. Schnizl. Sturm. 31. /. 5. Hussey ii. t. 37. — Krombh. t. 46. /. 10-13. Fl. Dan. t. 588, 1260. Bolt. t. 103. Sow. t. 74. Schce/. t. 165, 166. ** hifundibuliform, stem stuffed. 3. 0. sinuosus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous-grey, slightly fleshy, infundibuliform, undulated and floccose. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, stuffed, pallid cinereoits. Hymen- ium at length with interwoven wrinkles, pallid cinereous. Strong - smelling, " moschatus " (Seer.) Hymenium like that of Cr. lutescens. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Name — sinus, a curve. Sinuous, undulated. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 631. Berk. Out. p. 266. C. Hbk. n. 888. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 841.— Vaillant Par. t. n. /. 11-13. 4. C. crispus Fr. — Pileus fuliginous becoming fuscous, fleshy- membranaceous, somewhat pervious, crisped. Stem stuffed at the base, pallid. Hymenium even, pallid. Commonly confounded with Thelephora undulata. In mixed woods. Frequent. Oct.-Nov. This and C. sinuosus are so near that probably they are one species. Name THELEPHORA. 261 — crispa, a curl. Crisped. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 631. Berk. Out. p. 266. C. Craterellus. Hbk. n. 889. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 842. — Sow. t. 75. Hussey\\. t. 18. *** Irregularly shaped, pileus and stein fleshy. 5. C. clavatus Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, somewhat light yellowish, fleshy, turbinate, truncate or depressed, flexuous, unpolished, attenuated into the solid stem; flesh thick, white. Hymenium even, then corrugated, purplish then changing colour. Solitary or caespitose, occasionally branched. The hymenium is white- pruinose with the spores, not separate, violaceous-flesh-colour passing into fuliginous or umber ; hence the following forms are distinct : A. violaceous then date-brown. B. flesh-colour. — Schceff. t. 164. Schmid. Ic. 2. t. 60. C. purplish. Schffff. t. 276. D. umber. — Wulf. in Jacq. Coll. ii. /. iz.f. 3. In beech wood. Bisham, Berks. Name — clavis, a club. Club-shaped. Fr. Hym. Eiir. p. 632. Sv. dtl. Sv. t. 91. B. & Br. n. 1445. — Krombh. t. 45. f. 13-17. GENUS XLIV. — Thelephora (Q-nx-h* a teat; epw, to bear). Theiephora. Ehrh. Fr. Gen. Hymen. Hymenium inferior or amphigenous, continuous with the hymenophore and similar to it, even or ribbed, without an in- termediate stratum. Sporophores 4-spored. Coriaceous, destitute of a cuticle, very varied in form {pileate, clavate, resupinate\ growing on the ground. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 633. * Erect, pileus entire or divided into branches. ** Pileate, dimidiate, horizontal, some- what sessile or effuso-reflexe.d. *** Resupinatt>,forthe most part incrust- ing, wherefore the forms are various. * Erect, pileus entire or divided into branches. 1. T. Sowerbeii B. & Br.— Snow- white, at length changing colour, . . . . ° ,7 Tk-i LXXXIv. Thelephora lacimata. here and there dingy yellow. Pileus One-third natural size, coriaceous, entire, infundibuliform, rough with radiating processes projecting from the surface. Hy- menium smooth (not bristly). 262 THELEPHOREI. Thelephora. The true plant of Sowerby, whose figure is very faithful though evidently taken from discoloured specimens. On the ground. Rare. Name — after Sowerby. B. & Br. n. 1027. Berk. Out. p. 266. C. Hbk. n. 890. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 633. — Sow. t. 155. 2. T. multizonata B. & Br. — Pileus bright rufous-flesh-colour above, many-zoned, multiplex, infundibuliform, formed from various confluent lobes and stems, margin lobed and crenulate. Hymenium slightly ribbed, smooth, paler. Forming a dense mass, of a beautiful reddish tint ; flesh and stem zoned within. Quite distinct from Sowerby 's plant. On the ground. Rare. Name — multus, many; zona, a zone. B. & Br. n. 1028. t. 13. f. 4. C. Hbk. ?i. 891. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 633. 3. T. undulata Fr.— Pallid. Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (X"1 in-) broad, coriaceo-membranaceous, depressed, even, slightly smooth, mar- gin entire and undulated. Stem curt, 12 mm. (}4 in.) long, villous. Hymenium ribbed, slightly bristly. Pileus central, entire, very thin, almost diaphanous and plano-infundibuli- form. On the ground. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Spores ellipsoid, 4-5 x 2-2^ rnk. K. Name — iinda, a wave. Undulated. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 633. B. & Br. n. 1816. — Schceff. t. 278 near it but perhaps distinct. 4. T. caryophyllea Pers. — Fuscous-purple. Pileus somewhat coriaceous, depressed, fibrous-torn, margin sometimes incised, sometimes divided into a few linear branches. Stem short. Hymenium rather even, smooth. Inodorous. On the ground about roots, especially fir. Rare. It assumes every form, from that of a perfect cup with a central stem to a much and irregularly branched frond. AI.J.B. Spores 6 x 5 mk. W.G.S.; sphaeroid, tuberculate, fuscous, about 8 mk. K. Name — from its likeness to a carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus). Pers. Syn. p. 565. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 634. Berk. Out. p. 267. C. Hbk. n. 894. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 843. Saund. 6^ Sm. t. 41. f. 2. — Schtrff. t. 325. Schnizl. t. 6. 5. T. tuberosa Fr. — Pallid then rufescent. Pileus somewhat coriaceous, divided to the bulbous stem into compressed branches 'which are arranged in an infundibuliform manner. Hymenium inferior, smooth. THELEPHORA. 263 On the ground. Rare. Foxhall, Edinburgh. Moncreiffe. Thelephora. Scattered, subcoriaceous, about 2.5 cent, (i in.) high ; pileus about two- thirds of the height of the entire plant, variously divided into compressed, acute or obtuse branches. The main branches are given off from the same point, and are disposed in a circular manner, leaving the centre free, and somewhat infundibuliform ; stem nearly cylindrical, obscurely furrowed, or lacunose, bulbous at the base. Hymenium covering the whole plant except the stem. Spores oval, numerous. Grev. Name — tuber, a tuber. Tuberous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 634. Berk. Out. p. 267. C. Hbk. n. 892. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 844. — Grev. t. 178. 6. T. anthocephala Fr. - - Somewhat ferruginous, becoming tuscous. Pileus coriaceous-soft, pubescent, divided to the equal villous stem into flaps winch arc dilated upwards and fringed and whitish at the apex, or divided into irregular branched erect branches. Hymenium even. Extremely variable, inodorous. On the ground in woods. Uncommon. Branches spreading upwards into greyish or purplish - brown, strongly- streaked branchlets, disposed frequently like the petals of a pink, their apices dilated, pale and generally fimbriated. Very variable as to the form of the bleached laciniae (flaps). Sometimes regular as in Bulliard's fig. ALJ.B. Name — avQos, a flower ; /ce^aAr?. the head. From its resemblance to a flower. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 634. Berk. Out. p. 267. t. 17. f. 4. C. Hbk. n. 893. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 845. — Bull. t. 452. /. i. — B. Th. digitata Fr. Sow. t. 156. Berk. Out. t. 17. f. 4. 7. T. clavularis Fr. — Rufous-fuscous. Coriaceous, soft, irreg- ularly branched, branches round, attcmiated, even, smooth, deli- cately pruinose ; apices acute, pubescent, whitish. Stem some- what tuberous. Smaller and thinner than neighbouring species, inodorous. On the ground. Wallington, Northumberland. Name — clavula, a small nail. From the shape of its branches. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 634. B. & Br. n. 1575. 8. T. palmata Fr. — The whole 2.5-5 cent- (l~2 in-) fuscous -purple, coriaceous- soft, erect, very much branched, pubescent, the simple base stem-like ; branches palmate, flattened, even, somewhat fastigiate, fringed and whitish at the apex. Odour foetid. Becoming ferruginous when dry. The lobes are wedge- shaped, occasionally arranged in the form of small infundibuliform pilei. On the ground in woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Forming a dense cluster, 2.5-7.5 cent- (1-3 in.) thick. Smell shortly after being gathered corpse-like. Spores subsphaeroid, slightly fuscous, tubercu- late, 8-12 mk. K. Name — palma, the palm. From the branches resembling 264 THELEPHOREI. Thelephora. a palmate leaf. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 634. Berk. Out. p. 267. C. Hbk. n. 895. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 846. Holmsk. Of. i. p. 106. /. 10. Nees f. 151. — Grev. t. 46. Krombh. t. 54. f. 24-25. ** Pileate, dimidiate, horizontal, &>c. 9. T. intybacea Pers. — Caespitose, whitish then rufous- ferruginous, at length fuliginous, soft. Steins somewhat lateral, growing into each other. Pileoli imbricated, fibrous, dilated at the margin, at first 'white-fringed, then entire and of the same colour. Hymenium inferior, papillose, somewhat floccose. Tufts sometimes central and obconic, sometimes lateral with somewhat triangular pileoli. On the ground in Scotch fir wood. Glamis, 1875. Name — from its likeness to succory (Cichorium intybus). Pers. Syn. p. 567. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 635. B. & Br. n. 1576. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 847. Bull. t. 483. / 6, 7, t. 278. 10. T. terrestris Ehrb.— Casspitose, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, fuscous, becoming black, soft. Pileoli imbricated, becoming plane, fibrous-strigose, zoneless, extended into a somewhat lateral stem, margin similar. Hymenium inferior, radiato-rugose. Smaller than T. intybacea. The stems when confluent become also central ; sometimes the pilei are laciniate, scaly, merismoid. In fir woods. Uncommon. Name— terra, the earth. Growing on the ground. Ehrb. Cr. n. 179. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 635. Berk. Out. p. 267. C. Hbk. n. 896. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 848. Nees Syst.f. 251. Batschf. 121. Kl. Bor. t. 473. 11. T. laciniata Pers. — Ferruginous-fuscous, coriaceous-soft, incrusting. Pilei somewhat imbricated, effuso-reflexed, fibrous- scaly; margin fibrous-fringed, at first whitish. Hymenium inferior, papillose, flocculose. Perennial, growing again in strata. On stumps, chiefly Scotch fir. Common. Aug.-Nov. Larger than T. terrestris. The fibres being adnate form little ridges rather than scales. M.J.B. Spores angulato-sphaeroid, tuberculate, somewhat fuscous, 6-9 mk. K. Name—tacmia, a flap. From the shape of the pilei. Pers. Syn. p. 567. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 636. Berk. Out. p. 268. C. Hbk. n. 899. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 849.— Bolt. t. 173. Sow. t. 213. Fl. Dan. t. 1198, 949- 12. T. biennis Fr. — Cinereous-fuscous, coriaceous-soft, broadly incrusting. Pilei at length narrowly reflexed, tomentose, circum- ference fringed. Hymenium somewhat resupinate, smooth, very slightly bristly, plicate at the base. THELEPHORA. 265 It corresponds with T. terrestris, but is more vigorous in growth, thinner, Thelephora. broader, not striate beneath. Biennial, not growing again. On the ground, incrusting stones, &c. Rare. Name — biennis, lasting two years. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 636. Berk. Out. p. 268. C. Hbk. n. 900. .S. Mycol. Scot. n. 850.— Bull. t. 436.7. 2. 13. T. mollissima Pers. — Scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, fleshy- soft, incrusting. Pilei whitish, effuso-reflexed, forming flaps, somewhat tomentose. Hymenium inferior, smooth, even, fuscous- purple. Soft to the touch. On the ground in woods. Frequent. Oct. Sometimes quite effused, sometimes assuming the form of T. palmata. M.J.B. Name — mo I! is, soft. Very soft. Pers. Syn.p. 572. Berk. Out. p. 268. /. 17.7 5- £• Hbk. n. 898. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 851. *** Resupinate, for the most part incrusting, &-v. 14. T. cristata Fr. — Pallid, incrusting, slightly tough, passing into branches or ascending flaps, the apices somewhat awl-shaped or fringed. Hymenium papillose on even patches and on the sides of the branches. Not flaxy when young. No form constant. The primary and typical condition, on the under surface of beech - leaves, is even, hyaline-fuscous, adpressed at the circumference, fibrillose. It varies with few, obconic, penicillate branches. On the ground in woods among mosses. Frequent. Name— crista, a crest. Crested. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 637. Berk. Out. p. 268. C. Hbk. n. 897. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 852. Fl. Dan. t. 2272.— Bull. t. 415.7! i. Sow. t. 158. — Jungh. Linn. v. /. j.f. 2. 15. T. fastidiosa Fr. — Shining white, effused, soft, shapeless, growing into each other by incrusting, passing into plate-like branches. Hymenium inferior, papillose, rufescent. In its foetid odour it agrees with T. palmata. The tufts are at first without distinct form, confluent mutually and with neighbouring bodies in a circle of as much as 30 cent. (12 in.) wide. On the ground. Uncommon. Looks at first sight like some mycelium. M.J.B. Name—fastidwsus, dis- gusting. From the odour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 637. Berk. Out. p. 268. C. Hbk. 7i. 901. Saund. & Sm. t. 41.7. i. 16. T. sebacea Pers. — Whitish, effused, fleshy-waxy, becoming hard, changeable in form by incrusting, tubercular or resembling- stalactite, circumference similar. Hymenium collapsing, floccu- loso-pruinose. 266 THELEPHOREI. Thelephora. Circumference not penicillate. On stumps, logs, grass, &c. Common. Jan. -Oct. Name — seba, tallow. From its consistence. Pers. Syn. p. 577. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 637. Berk. Out. p. xvii. t. 17. / 6. C. Hbk. n. 904. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 853. Letell. t. 607. f. 3. — Pers. Clavcef. t. 4. f. 4. FL Dan. t. 1302. /. 2. 17. T. Crustacea Schum. — Fuscous-umber, broadly effused, somewhat fleshy, undulated and tubercular, the similar circum- ference white-floccose. Hymenium papillose, slightly bristly. On the ground. Burnham. Name — crusta, a crust. Crustaceous. Schiim. Sccll. p. 396. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 637. B. dr3 Br. n. 1577. FL. Dan. t. 1851. f. 2. 18. T. csesia Pers. — Cinereous-bluish-grey, effused, determinate, soft, continuous. Hymenium even, slightly bristly. A very thin, even, grey-cinereous form approaching this has occurred on sterile heathy ground. On stumps and the ground. Frequent. Nov. The surface is sometimes quite smooth. With its quaternate spores it is a pretty opaque object under the microscope. M.J.B. Name — ccesius, bluish- grey. Pers. Obs. Myc. i. /. 3. f. 6. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 638. Berk. Out. p. 268. C. Hbk. n. 903. -S. Mycol. Scot. n. 854. Nees Syst.f. 254. Cladoderris. GENUS XLV. — CladodemS (*Aa5os, a young branch; Seppis, a leathern coat. From its coriaceous and branched structure). Pers. Coriaceous; hymenium woody, ra- diated on branched ribs, persistent, at length roughened with warts. Fr. Sum. Veg. Scan. p. 332. 1. C. minima B. & Br.— White, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) across, flabelli- form, springing from a stem-like or obsolete base, resupinate. Pileus tomentose. Hymenium radiated on branched ribs. Though small it has exactly the structure of the exotic species. On birch. Glamis, 1876. Dec. Llaaoderns minima. Natural size. Section three times Name — minimus, least. Very small. B. natural size. & Br. n. 1692. .S. Mycol. Scot. n. 855. STEREUM. 267 LXXXVI. Stereum hirsntum. Natural size. GENUS XLVI.— Stereum (oreperfs, hard). (Pers.) Fr. Epicr. Stereum. P- 545- Hymenium definitely inferior, coriaceous, separated from the fibrous-coated pileus by an intermediate fibrillose stratum, even, remaining unchanged. Sporophores 4-spored ; spores minute, roundish- ovate. Coriaceous or woody, mostly perennial, somewhat zoned, entire, \ definite in form. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 638. I. MERISMA (v-eptfr, to divide). Pilei very numerous, ascending, imbricated in a free tuft. II. APUS (a, TTOUS, a foot). Pileus sessile, at first resupinate, then commonly pileato- reflexed or adnate behind, coriaceous, mar- gin ate. * Hymenium smooth. *'* Hymenium simple, slightly bristly or velvety. *** Woody, perennial, scarcely refexed, but marginate, the hymenium stratose by confluent pilei, at the' first pruinose. **** Rigid, the simple hymenium pruinose. III. RESUPINATA. Crustaceo-adnate, indeterminate, without a distinct pileus, but at length admitting of being detached entire like a piece of leather. Circumference not flaxy. Inc rusting wood. (Species of Subdivision II. (Apus) occur in a resupinate state, but being limited (marginate) are from the first distinct.) * True species, coriaceous. ** Imperfect, crustaceo- adnate, sterile. I. — MERISMA. No British species. II.- — APUS. Pileus sessile, at first resupinate, £c. * Hymenium smooth. 1. S. ochroleucum Fr. — Pileus hoary, coriaceous-membrana- ceous, free, expanded, flaccid, silky, zoned. Hymenium even, smooth, yellowish (or in var. grey). Commonly large, with zones of the same colour or fuscous. Coating of the pileus here and there separating. On wood. Glamis, 1874. Jan. Name — u>xp°?> pale yellow ; Aev*6s, white. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 639. B. & Br. n. 1818. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 856. 268 THELEPHOREI. Stereum. 2. S. purpureum Pers. — Coriaceous-soft. Pileus pallid or whitish, effuso-reflexed, somewhat imbricated, zoned, mlloso- tomentose. Hymenium naked, even, smooth, purplish. On dead wood, especially fir and poplar. Common. May- Dec. Varying greatly in colour, whitish, yellowish, pallid-lilac, &c., with frequently a black zone near the margin. M.J.B. Name — purpureus, purple. Pers. Obs. Myc. 2. /. 92. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 639. Berk. Out. p. 270. C. Hbk. n. 910. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 857. Hussey i. t. 20. — Bull. t. 483. Sow. t. 388. /. i. 3. S. vorticosum Fr. — Pileus pallid, margin of the same colour, coriaceous, effuso-reflexed, obscurely zoned, strigoso- hirsute. Hymenium somewhat ribbed, smooth, purplish. Exactly intermediate between S. purpureum and S. hirsutum ; the colour is that of the former, the coating and entire structure as in the latter. It resembles Auricularicz in the widely ribbed hymenium. On beech. Menmuir, Forfarshire. Name — vorticosus, full of eddies. From the ribbed hymenium. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 639. B. & Br. n. 1578. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 858. Bull. t. 483. /. i- 5. Bolt. t. 82./.D? 4. S. hirsutum Fr. — Coriaceous, stiff. Pileus somewhat zoned, inclining to pale, effused and reflexed, strigoso-hirsute, margin rather obtuse, yellow. Hymenium even, smooth, naked, juice- less, yellowish, varying in colour. There are many varieties, even persistently resupinate. The down which covers it is yellowish, pallid or grey. On stumps, &c. Very common. Jan. -Dec. Name— hirtus, hairy. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 639. Berk. Out. p. 270. /. 17. /. 7. C. Hbk. n. 911. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 859. Hussey i. t. 58. Theleph. Fr. Syst. Myc. \. p. 439. — Bull. t. 274. Sow. /. 27. Fl. Dan. t. 1199. Michel, t. 66. f. 2. 5. S. spadiceum Fr. — Coriaceous. Pilei somewhat ferrugin- ous, effuso-reflexed, villous, the rather obtuse margin white. Hymenium even, smooth, inclining to fuscous, bleeding if bruised when fresh. The colour varies in intensity. Intermediate stratum white. Very distinct from S. sanguinolentum. On stumps and branches, chiefly ash and oak. Common. Oct.-Dec. Name — spadix, date-brown. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 640. Berk. Out. p. 270. C. Hbk. n. 912. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 860.— Fl. Dan. t. 1619. /. i. Bull. t. 483. /• 5- STEREUM. 269 6. S. sanguinolentum Fr. — Coriaceous, thin. Pileus pallid, Stereum. effused and reflexed, adpressedly silky, somewhat striate, the acute margin white. Hymenium even, smooth, cinereoics inclining to fuscous, bleeding when touched, pruinose when old. It must not be confounded with S. rugosum. It is distinguished by its thin substance, by the pileus being adpressedly silky and somewhat striate, by the hymenium never being yellowish, £c. On wood, chiefly pine. Common. June-Nov. Name — sanguis, blood. Bleeding. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 640. Berk. Out. p. 271. C. Hbk. n. 913. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 861. Theleph. Fr. Elench. ?i. 178. Grev. t. 22$. Kl. Bar. t. 381. ** Hymenium simple, slightly bristly or velvety. 1. S. rubiginosum Fr. — Coriaceous-rigid. Pileus rubiginous, effuso-reflexed, somewhat fasciate, velvety, becoming smooth and date-brown, the intermediate stratum /<22£/72y-ferrugmous. Hymenium ferruginous, velvety with small bristles. Margin paler when young. On stumps, &c. Common. July-Nov. Spores cylindrical, curved. Fr. Name — rubigo, rust. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 641. Hymenocheete Berk. Out. p. 271. C. Hbk. n. 916. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 866. Theleph. Fr. Syst. Myc. \. p. 436. Fl. Dan. t. 1619.7. 2. Sow. t. 26 (the under side downy). 8. S. tabacinum Fr. — Coriaceous, thin, flaccid. Pileus some- what ferruginous, the margin, and intermediate stratum which is composed of filaments, golden, effused, reflexed, silky, at length becoming smooth. Hymenium paler, pubescent with small bristles. The hymenium varies in colour. Very widely effused. On fallen branches. Rare. Spores elongated, slightly curved, hyaline, 3-5 x i mk. K. Name — tabacum, tobacco. From the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 641. Hymeno- chcete Berk. Out. p. 271. C. Hbk. n. 917. Theleph. Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 437. — Sow. t. 25. Bolt. t. 174. 9. S. rufo-hispidum Stev. — Pallid fawn-colour, rigid, margin obtuse, raised, hispid with rufous bristles. A very distinct species. On bark of yew. Craig-y-barns, Dunkeld. Sept. Name — from the rufous bristles. Hymenochsete Stevenson! B. & Br. n. 1817. -5. Mycol. Scot. n. 868. 2/0 THELEPHOREI. Stereum. 10. S. avellanum Fr. — Coriaceous, hard. Pileus dingy, effused and, as well as the obtuse, free, narrowly reflexed, date-brown margin, villous. Hymenium even, velvety then pruinate and becoming smooth, pale-ferruginous (here and there bleeding). In many respects it approaches .S. rugosum, but is certainly very different. Colour not yellowish. On bark and wood, especially hazel. Appin. Name — Corylus avellana, hazel. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 642. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 862. Theleph. Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 442. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 167. Woody, perennial, scarcely rejlexed, but marginate, 11. S. frustulosum Fr. — Date-brown-blackish, woody, resupi- nate, tubercular, crowded and as if confluent, then broken up into fragments, smooth beneath and at the obsoletely marginate circumference. Hymenium convex, cinnamon becoming pale, pruinose. Easily distinguished by the colours, and by its thick, very hard, woody sub- stance. Hymenium when perfect facing the ground, at first pruinate, when fertile pulverulent with the cinnamon spores ; when turned to the light it becomes sterile, pale, denuded. On hard oak wood. South of England. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, hyaline 4-5 x 3-4 mk. K. Nsune— frustum, a piece. From its being broken up into fragments. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 643. B. & Br. n. 1300. Theleph. Fr. Syst. Myc. \. p. 445. Elench. p. 191. **## Rigid, the simple hymenium pruinose. 12. S. rugosum Fr. — Corky, rigid. Pileus date-brown, effused and shortly reflexed, obtusely marginate, at length smooth. Hy- menium unpolished, pruinose, somewhat bleeding when bruised. A. Hymenium yellowish. B. Hymenium cinereous-livid. Varying very much, even cup-shaped. • On stumps, &c. Very common. Jan.-Dec. Name — ruga, a wrinkle. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 643. Berk. Out. p. 271. C. Hbk. n. 914. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 863. Var. lauro-cerasi Berk. On laurel. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 863. Theleph. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 173. 13. S. pini Fr. — Pallid, coriaceo - cartilaginous, resupinate, adnate in the form of a shield, somewhat marginate, smooth beneath, at length bullate. Hymenium purplish -flesh -colour, becoming fuscous, pruinose. The primary shields are minute, crowded, but already free, never aggluti- nated or waxy. STEREUM. 271 On bark of Scotch fir. Glamis. Aviemore. Stereum. Name— pinus, pine. Ft: Hym. Eur. p. 643. B. 6^ Dr. n. 1579. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 864. 14. S. rufum Fr. — Rufous, becoming fuscous, coriaceo-cartila- ginous, erumpent, tuberculiform then somewhat round, margijiate, smooth beneath. Hymenium grey-pruinose, at length bullate- tubercular. Wholly immarginate when young. On dead pine and ash. Glamis, 1874. Sept.-March. Name— rufus, rufous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 644. Elench. p. 187. B. & Br. n. 1580. -S. Alycol. Scot. n. 865. — Sow. t. 338. f. 2. III. — RESUPINATA. Crustaceo-adnate, indeterminate, £c. * True species, coriaceous. 15. S. stratosum B. & Br. — Effused, bright ochraceous-white, smooth, becoming yellow, here and there wrinkled. Substance pallid, stratose, the strata at length broken up. Habitat not recorded. Penzance. Name — stratum. Stratose. B. & Br. n. 2027. ** Imperfect, crustaceo-adnate, sterile. 16. S. acerinum (Theleph. acerina Pers.) — Crustaceo-adnate, even, smooth, white. Effused like the crust of a lichen. It must be sought for in a perfect con- dition on fallen trunks. When young it is continuous and somewhat pruinose. Name — acer, maple. Pers. Syn. p. 581. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 645. Syst.Myc. *•/• 453- Berk. Out. p. 271. C. Hbk. n. 915. GENUS XLVIL— Auricularia (auricula, the ear). Bull. Auricuiaria. Champ, p. 277. sp. i. — Fr. Epicr. p. 555. Hymenium definitely inferior, remotely and irregularly costato- plicate, swelling and becoming gelatinous and tremulous when moist, collapsing (and coriaceous Epicr.} when dry. Habit exactly that of Stereum. Intermediate between Thelephorei and Tremellini ; nearest in affinity to the former, when dry scarcely to be distinguished from Stereum; departing from the Tremellce in the coriaceous pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 645. 272 THELEPHOREI. Auricuiana. 1. A. mesenterica Fr. — Pilei fuscous-cinereous^ resupinate then reflexed, entire, \\l\o\is, fasciato-zoned. Hymeniumcostato-plicate, fuscous-violaceous. On stems of trees. Frequent. 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, gelatinous in wet weather, hard and cartilaginous when dry, reviving with wet. Hymenium pow- dered with a beautiful bloom. M.J.B. Spores white, 7x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — ju.ecre'i'Tepoi', the mesentery. Fr. Hym. Ear. p. 646. Berk. Out. p. 272. C. Hbk. n. 919. — Sow. t. 290. Hussey ii. /. 6. Bolt, t. 172. Bull. t. 290. Michel. t.j66.f. 4. 2. A. lobata Sommerf. — As much as 17.5 cent. (7 in.) long, 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick. Pileus fuscous - whitish, ef- fuso-reflexed, lobed, variegated with strigoso - tomentose, velvety and Hymenium fuscous- LXXXVII. Anricularia mesen- terica. One-third natural size. smooth zones, livid, reticulato-ribbed with distant folds. Very much allied to A. mesenterica. On bark of trees. Uncommon. Name — lobatus, lobed. Sommerf. in Mag. Nat. Vidensk. 1827, with fig. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 646. Elench. \\. p. 34. Berk. Out. p. 272. t. iS.f. i. C. Hbk. n. 920. Corticium. GENUS XLVIII. — Corticium (cortex, bark). Fr. Epicr. p. 556. Hymenium amphigenous, even or tubercular, springing imme- diately from the mycelium without an intermediate stratum ; in typical species fertile and swelling when moist, fleshy-soft, con- tracted and hence commonly cracked when dry, or the whole breaking up. There are other species added to the genus with the hymenium arid and incrusting. Sporophores 4-spored, rarely single-spored. Resupinate, growing on wood, often sterile. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 646. I. LOMANTIA (A.u>/u.a, a fringe). Resupinate, but free at the circumference, determinate, marginate, commonly cup-shaped then expanded. II. HIMANTLE (t/ia?, a strap). Resupinate, effused, immarginate, clothed with flaxy fibrils or strigosely hairy at the circumference and beneath. Often sterile, fibrillose (mycelia). In their perfect state they are furnished -with a remarkably well developed, waxy-soft hymenium. CORTICIUM. 273 * Mycelium and circumference white. * Mycelium and circumference coloured. Corticium III. LEIOSTROMA (Aeu>?, smooth ; oW Br. n. 1581. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 873. 3. C. amorphum Fr. — 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, white-tomentose externally, waxy-pliant, somewhat coriaceous, cup-shaped then flattened, confluent, marginate. Hymenium eveii^ continuous, pale. On silver-fir. Perth. Dunkeld. Keir. Aug.-Oct. The substance is white and fleshy, consisting of rather coarse threads, which at the base form a close sclerotioid network. The hymenium consists of colourless threads, and orange-coloured clavate bodies filled with pigment. B. er1 Br. There is considerable doubt whether this is a true Corticium. Fries says the habit is exactly that of Corticium of this section, but the struc- ture of the disc is ambiguous. Berkeley, who compares it in appearance with Peziza calycina, considers it may perhaps be the type of a new genus. Name — a., fj.op(f>r), form. Without regular form. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 648. B. & Br. n. 1582. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 874. Theleph. Fr. Elench. p. 183. II. — HIMANTI^E. Resupinate, effused, immarginate, £c. * Mycelium and circumference white. 4. C. giganteum Fr. — Hyaline -white, very broadly effused, swelling when moist, waxy, when dry cartilaginous, of the con- sistence of paper, free, milk-white, circumference strigoso-radiate. Hymenium even, continuous. At the first agglutinated, but in contracting with dryness it breaks up, and does not become cracked. Smaller and less perfect forms occur. On pine, stumps, £c. Common. Oct.-April. Spores ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, hyaline, 4-5 x 3 mk. K. Name— giganteus. Of very large size. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 648. Berk. Out. p. 272. C. Hbk. 11. 922. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 875. 5. C. lacteum Fr. — Milk-white, effused, membranaceous, laxly fibrillose beneath and at the circumference. Hymenium (when perfect) waxy, deeper in colour, divided by cracks when dry. Much smaller and thinner than C. giganteus. On trunks, £c. Frequent. Nov.-Feb. Name — lac, milk. Milk-white. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 649. Berk. Out. /. 273. C. Hbk. n. 923. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 876.— Bonord. f. 259. CORTICIUM. 275 6. C. porosum B. & Curt. — Resupinate, milk-white, here and Corticium. there porous, margin free, reflexed. The pores look as if little dew-drops had settled on the hymenium, which had in consequence contracted or rather retracted. On wood. Aboyne. Name— porosus, porous. B. & Br. n. 1821. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 886. 7. C. arachnoideum Berk. — Effused, delicately flaxy as is the circumference. Hymenium white, very thin, patchy. The mycelium is as delicate as a spider's web. On wood, lichens, £c. Frequent. Oct.-Feb. Name — ap^x^, a spider. From the spider-web mycelium. Berk. Out. p. 273. C. Hbk. n. 924. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 877. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 649. 8. C. fcetidum B. & Br. — Effused, resupinate, arachnoid be- neath, white then ochraceous and smooth. Not apparently a resupinate form of Thelephora fastidiosa. On sawdust. Coed Coch. Naxas—fcetidus, foetid. B. 6" Br. n. 1824. 9. C. Iseve Pers. — Effused, membranaceous, separating, villous beneath, circumference flaxy (not fibrilloso-radiate). Hymenium even, smooth, somewhat flesh-colotir or livid. On dead wood, sticks, £c. Very common. Nov.-March. Hymenium sometimes pure white. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid or ovoideo- sphaeroid, subchlorino-hyaline, 12 x 8-10 mk. K. Name — Icevis, even. Pers. Disp. p. 30. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 649. Berk. Out. p. 273. C. Hbk. n. 925. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 878. — Bonord.f. 251. 10. C. roseumPers. — Rose-colour, effused, adnate, circumference fringed and whitish. Hymenium pruinose, becoming pale, at length rimoso-corrugated, hardened. Very pretty, cognate with Hyphelia rosea. On dead wood, birch, poplar, £c. Frequent. Oct.-Feb. Name — rosa, a rose. Rose-coloured. Pers. Disp. p. 31. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 650. Berk. Out. p. 273. C. Hbk. n. 926. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 879. ** Mycelium and circtimference coloured. 11. C. velutinum Fr. — Flesh-colour, effused, adnate, circum- ference strigose with straight, diverging fibres of the same colour. Hymenium thick, fleshy, even, velvety with dense small bristles. 276 THELEPHOREI. Corticium. Among the most distinguished species of the genus, large, firm, never opening in flocculose clefts, rarely cracked. On dead wood. Frequent. Aug.-Feb. Spores ellipsoid, elongated, hyaline, 8 mk. Q. Name — vellus, fleece. Velvety. Fr, Hym. Eur. p. 650. Berk. Out. p. 273. C. Hbk. n. 927. S. My col. Scot. n. 880. 12. 0. subdealbatum B. & Br. — Shining white, effused. Hymenium pallid fawn-colour with the bristles. On fir. Badminton, 1866. Dec. Name — sub, and dealbatus, whitened. B. & Br. n. 1823. 13. C. lactescens Berk. — Flesh-colour, milky, agglutinated, soft, waxy, undulated, margin shortly byssoid, at length cracked, interstices silky. Smell like that of Lactarius quietzts. Milk-white, watery. Hymenium flesh-colour or pale salmon-colour. On dead wood, willow, &c. Frequent. Oct.-Feb. Name — lac, milk. Milky. Berk. Out. p. 274. C. Hbk. n. 932. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 881. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 650. 14. C. sanguineum Fr. — Blood-red, effused, adhering laxly, like spider-web beneath, circumference laxly fibrillosz, flesh-colour. Hymenium even, smooth, flesh-colour. The mycelium tinges the wood blood-red. Rarely gathered in a fertile state. On dead pine and larch. Uncommon. Nov.-Feb. Name — sanguis, blood. Of the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 650. Berk. Out. p. 273. ' C. Hbk. n. 928. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 882. 15. C. sulphureum Fr. — Bright sulphur-yellow, effused, fibril- loso-flaxy. Hymenium (when perfect) thick, waxy-soft, cracked when dry. The very variable mycelium is frequent, but it is rarely perfectly developed. It occurs with the hymenium tawny. On dead wood. Frequent. Nov.-Dec. Fries has gathered it in greatest perfection on rotting beech-leaves. Name — sulphur, brimstone. Of the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 650. Berk. Out. p. 274. C. Hbk. n. 929. S. Afycol. Scot. n. 883. 16. C. cinnamomeum Fr. — Cinnamon, effused, irregular by becoming confluent, adpressed, fibrilloso-strigose beneath and CORTICIUM. 277 at the circumference. Hymenium fleshy, soft, smooth, naked, Corticium. of the same colour, cracked when dry. It varies dark ochraceous. When fertile it approaches C. velutinus. On birch log. Glamis, 1874. Nov. Name — cinnamomum, cinnamon. Of the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 650. B. & Br. n. 1584. S. My col. Scot. n. 884. 17. C. caeruleum Fr. — Beautiful azure-blue, somewhat round, then effused, adnate, at first tomentose, circumference flaxy and of the same colour inclining to be whitish. Hymenium waxy- soft, papillose, slightly bristly becoming smooth. On rails, dead wood, fir, &c. Common. Name — cceruleum, azure-blue. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 651. Berk. Out. p. 274. C. Hbk. n. 930. S. MycoL Scot. n. SS^.—Letell. Suppl. t. 630. Roth. Catal. 2. /. 9. f. 2. SOW. t. 350. 18. C. atro-virens Fr. — Black-green, irregularly effused, tomen- tose beneath and at the circumference, of the same colour. Hymenium (found only as a barren cinereous pellicle). On sticks in woods. Rare. Name — ater, black ; vireo, to be green. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 651. Berk. Out. p. 274. C. Hbk. n. 931. III. — LEIOSTROMA. Agglutinated (rarely when mature becoming free), &c. * Waxy, when fertile facing the ground, &^c. 19. C. calceum Fr. — White, effused, agglutinated, waxy, very smooth, circumference similar. Hymenium even, smooth, when dry cracked, rigid. Very polymorphous. The colour varies clay and whitish inclining to fuscous. Hymenium sometimes broken up into minute lumps. On pine wood. Common. Oct.-Feb. Name — calx, lime. Chalk-white. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 652. Berk. Out. p. 274. C. Hbk. n. 933. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 887. 20. C. puberum Fr. — White or clay-colour, broadly effused, waxy, closely adnate, indeterminate. Hymenium even, velvety with short bristles, cracked when dry. Like C. calceum, differing only in the hymenium being velvety with bristles. Very thin, separable from the matrix only in small fragments. On dead wood. Aboyne. Forres. Glamis. 278 THELEPHOREI. Corticium. Name— puber, adult. As applied to plants downy. From the hymenium. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 652. B. & Br. n. 1822. -5. Mycol. Scot. n. 888. Theleph. Fr. Elench. p. 215. — Bonord. f. 256 (?) 21. C. scutellare B. & Curt. — Whitish, then slightly tan-colour, resupinate, effused, immarginate. Hymenium broken up into minute areolas. On Ulex. Strachan, Kincardineshire. Glamis. Name — scutella, a salver. From its form. B. 6s Br. n. 1825. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 889. Gremllea, vol. ii. p. 4. 22. C. lividum Pers. — Changeable in colour, effused, agglu- tinated, waxy-soft, becoming smooth, circumference similar. Hymenium even, naked, somewhat viscid when moist, cracked when dry. In the same specimen the colour has been observed livid-azure-blue, and fuscous-purplish. On dead birch. Rare. Name— lividus, livid. Pers. Obs. i. p. 38. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 652. Berk. Out. p. 275. C. Hbk. n. 934. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 890. 23. 0. ochraceum Fr. — Broadly effused, 30 cent. (12 in.) and more, agglutinated, waxy -soft, smooth, circumference white, somewhat radiating, soon vanishing. Hymenium pallid then ochraceous, sprinkled with golden-glistening atoms, at length naked, papillose or tubercular, cracked when collapsed. There is a remarkable variety with concentric papillae. On pine stumps. Uncommon. Nov.-Dec. Name — ochraceus, ochrey-yellow. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 652. Berk. Out. p. 275. C. Hbk. n. 935. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 891. Theleph. Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 446. ** Amphigenous, becoming rigid, &>c. 24. C. quercinum Fr.— Cartilaginous-membranaceous, at first agglutinated, then adfixed in the centre, loosened on all sides, and at length involute, rigid, smooth and becoming black beneath. Hymenium continuous, flesh-colour. It does not become cracked because it is set free in dying. On oak branches. Very common. Aug.-April. Name — quercus, oak. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 653. Berk. Out. p. 275. C. Hbk. n. 936. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 892. — Nees f. 253. Grev. t. 142. Bull. t. 436.7. i. CORTICIUM. 279 25. C. cinereum Fr. — Lurid, waxy becoming rigid, confluent, Conicium. agglutinated, circumference similar. Hymenium sprinkled with very thin cinereous pruina. There are two forms, the thicker on wood, the thinner on bark. On dead branches. Very common. Nov.-May. Spores oblong or elongated, cylindrical, curved, 3-5x1 mk. K. Name— ciuis, ashes. Ash-colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 654. Berk. Out. p. 275. C. Hbk. n. 937. S. My col. Scot. n. 893. 26. C. incarnatum Fr. — Waxy, becoming rigid, agglutinated, indeterminate, circumference radiate. Hymenium persistently bright-coloured (red, orange), sprinkled with very thin, somewhat flesh-coloured pruina. The form on wood is rather thick, undulato-papillose, when collapsed even, cracked ; that on bark thinner, persistently spuriously papillose from Sphcerice being incrusted by it. On dead pine, Ulex, broom, £c. Very common. Aug.-March. Spores ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, often obsoletely curved, 9-12 x 5 mk. K. Name — incarnatus, flesh-coloured. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 654. Berk. Out. p. 275. C. Hbk. n. 938. -5. J\Jycol. Scot. n. 894. Fl. Dan. t. 2035. /. 2. 27. C. nudum Fr. — Flesh-colour becoming pale, waxy, becoming rigid, agglutinated, circumference determinate, smooth. Hy- menium even, cracked when dry, sprinkled (under a lens) with ij/iitish, fugacious pruina. On dead wood. Frequent. Nov.-Feb. Name— nudus, naked. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 655. Berk. Out. p. 276. C. Hbk. n. 939. S. My col. Scot. n. 895. * C. citrinum Pers. — Agreeing entirely with C. nudum, except in the hymenium being papillose, and in the colour being bright light yellow. On dead wood. Moncreiffe. Name — dims, citron. Lemon-yellow. Pers. Myc. Eur. i. p. 136 (Theleph.) Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 655. B. & Br. n. 1695. 28. C. confluens Fr. — Somewhat membranaceous, indetermi- nate, agglutinated, circumference radiate (not fibrillose). Hymen- ium even, naked, hyaline, shining whitish when dry. Circumference adnate, very delicate. On dead branches, ash, &c. Frequent. Name — confluo, to flow together. Confluent. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 655. Berk. Out. p. 276. C. Hbk. n. 940. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 896. 280 THELEPHOREI. Corticium *** Amphigenous, from the very first hardened, 29. C. polygonium Pers. — Flesh-colour, adnate, defined, soon hardened, somewhat grumous, circumference similar. Hymen- ium red under the dense pruina. On dead branches, poplar, &c. Frequent. Growing in little round detached patches from the ostiola of Sphcerice. M.J.B. Name—polygonius, polygonal. From the shape of the tubercles which are owing to covered Sphcerice. Pers. Disp. 30. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 655. Berk. Out. p. 276. C. Hbk. n. 941. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 897. — Hoffm. D. FL 2. /. 6. 30. C. violaceo-lividum Fr. — Violaceous-livid^ somewhat ef- fused, adnate, hardened. Hymenium spuriously corrugated, tubercular, sprinkled with thin, whitish pruina. Like C. cinereum, but allied to C. polygonium. Often growing on Sphcsrice- On dead wood. Glamis, 1877. Name — from the colours. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 655. B. & Br. n. 1696. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 31. C. maculseforme Fr. — Somewhat rose-colour, orbicular, then confluent, hardened, thin, circumference similar, smooth. Hy- menium spuriously papillose, bluish-grey pruinose. Commonly small, 2-8 mm. (1-4 lin.) broad. On dead wood. Penzance. Name — macula, a spot ; forma, form. Spot-like. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 656. B. & Br. n. 1975. Theleph. Fr. Syst. Myc. \.p. 454. Fl. Dan. t. 1738.7. 2. 32. C. limitatum Fr. — Lurid becoming pale, roundish, closely adnate, grumous-hardened, smooth, circumference with a defi?ied black edge. Hymenium naked. Easily distinguished by its essential character in having a black edge. On Cytisus. Perth. Name — limit atus, marked off. From the defined black circumference. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 656. B. dr" Br. n. 1697. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 899. 33. C. corrugatum Fr. — Pallid cinnamon, somewhat effused, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, closely adnate, soon grumous. Hymen- ium beset with ferruginous bristles, very much cracked when dry. The bristles are wholly like those of Stereum rubiginosum, to which it is other- wise scarcely allied. It has occurred somewhat waxy. On dead wood. Very common. Aug.- Nov. CORTIC1UM. 281 Name — con, and ruga, a wrinkle. Corrugated. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 656. Corticium, Theleph. Elench. p. 224. Hymenochaste Berk. Out. p. 272. C. Hbk. n. 918. S. My col. Scot. n. 867. — Grcv. t. 234. **#* AmpJiigenous, very thin, innate, removing the bark. 34. C. comedens Fr. — Flesh-colour becoming pale, effused, innate, growing under the bark, exposed on the epidermis splitting asunder. Hymenium even, smooth, cracked when dry. Slightly viscid when moist. Erumpent specimens of C. incarnatum must not be confounded with it. Distinguished from all others by its manner of growth, never formed on decorticated wood or above the bark. On dead branches. Very common. Nov.-March. Hymenium sometimes white. The bark forms a margin round it. M.J.B. tisane— comedo, to consume. From its destroying the bark under which it grows. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 656. Berk. Out. p. 276. C. Hbk. n. 942. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 900. Theleph. Nees Syst. f. 255. Fr. Elench. p. 219. ***** Species less known, doubtful. 35. C. aurora Berk. — Rose-colour, turning pallid, very thin, effused, agglutinated, circumference indeterminate. On dead leaves of Carices. Batheaston. Name — Aurora, the dawn. From the colours. Berk. Out. p. 276. C. Hbk. n. 944. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 657. 36. C. typliae Fckl. — Longitudinally effused, thin, at first orbicular, white and flaxy, wholly smooth, then somewhat mealy, tan-colour. On Typha latifolia. North Wooton, 1874. Spores oblongo-lanceolate, multiguttate, hyaline. Fckl. Name — from the host plant. Fuckel Symb. p. 27. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 657. Grevillea, vol. iv. p. 119. Subgenus I. — CONIOPHORA. Fleshy, undulated and tubercular, £c. 37. C. puteanum Fr. — Light-yellowish-pallid, at length fuscous- olivaceous, the mucedinous circumference white, roundish or effused, fleshy, fragile. Hymenium somewhat undulated, pul- verulent with the fuscous-olivaceous spores. On dead wood in cellars, &c. Frequent. Nov. Very fragile, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick. It loosens itself from the trunk with age. It decays and grows black in winter, but in the following year a new plant crusts over the destroyed one. Sommerf. Sometimes dripping with moisture. 282 THELEPHOREI. Corticium. M.J.B. Spores sphaeroid-elHpsoid, slightly fuscous, 12-10x8-9 mk. K. Name — puteanum, pertaining to a well. From its sometimes dripping. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 657. 5. MycoL Scot. n. 901. Theleph. Schum.—Berk. Out. p. 269. C. Hbk. n. 905. Fl. Dan. t. 2035. 38. C. stabulare Fr. — Effused, flaxy when young, white, then fleshy-soft, vinous-fuscous t circumference flaxy, white. Hymen- ium tubercular, ivhite-pruinose, the tubercles collapsing. Odour foetid from its habitat. On fir wood. Perth. Name — stabulnm, a stall. From its being found in an ox-stall. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 658. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 902. 39. C. umbrinum Fr. --Umber, effused, fleshy -soft, villous beneatli, circumference short, radiating, of the same colour. Hymenium tubercular then collapsing, ferruginous-pulverulent. A distinguished species, not very broad but confluent, not easily separated from the matrix. On dead wood. Penzance. Hothorpe. Feb. Spores sphaeroid, punctate, 8 mk. Q. Name — from the umber colour, Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 658. B. &* Br. n. 1974. Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 14. Theleph. Alb. &= Schw. p. 281. /3. Fr. Blench, p. 199. 40. C. laxum Fr. — About 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, white, membranaceous, soft, adhering laxly, spider- web -tomentose beneath, circumference flaxy. Hymenium papillose, pallid then ochraceous-ferruginouS) ferruginous-pulverulent. Papillae rather large. On dead fir, lichens, moss, &c. Rare. Nov. Spores ovoid-sphaeroid, punctate, spotted, 10 mk. Q. Name — laxus, loose. From its adhering laxly. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 659. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 903. Theleph. Fr. Elench. p. 190. Berk. Out. p. 269. C. Hbk. n. 906. 41. C. byssoideum Fr. — Ochrey-wkzte, irregularly effused, at first flaxy, at length compact at the disc, fleshy, pulverulent, light yellow, circumference flaxy, rather whitish. Among fir-leaves, mosses, &c. Frequent. Name — bysstts, flax. Flaxy. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 659. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 904. Theleph. Pers. Syn. p. 577. Berk. Out. p. 269. C. Hbk. n. 902. 42. C. aridum Fr. — Membranaceous, effused, adnate, continu- ous, circumference whitish. Hymenium even, sulphur-yellow, then setuloso-pulveraceous, umber inclining to ferruginous. CORTICIUM. 283 On dead and decayed pine in woods and cellars. Common. Corticium. Nov. Name — arid us, dry. Fr. Hym. Enr. p, 659. 5. Alycol. Scot. n. 905. Theleph. Berk. Out. p. 269. C. Hbk. n. 907. Subgenus II. — HYPOCHNUS. Breaking up and becoming floccose, &c. * Breaking up and becoming floccose. 43. C. serum Fr. — White, broadly effused, incrusting, thin, fleshy when fresh, smooth, pruinose, then and when dried splitting open intoflocri, papillae round, crowded together, equal. A very singular species. Papillae regular. On trunks. Epping. Glamis. Menmuir. Winter. Spores sphaeroid or ovoideo-ellipsoid, smooth, hyaline or chlorino-hyaiine, 9-11 x 7-8 mk. K. Name — series, late. Growing in winter. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 659. B. & Br. n. 1583, 1697. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 906. Theleph. Pers. Syn. p. 580. Fr. Elench. p. 211. 44. C. sambuci Fr. — White, effused, somewhat innate, incrust- ing, surrounding branches, indeterminate, continuous when in vigour, breaking into floccules when dry. Easily recognised from its habitat. On dried branches of elder. Very common. Aug.-Dec. Very difficult to separate from C. calceum by a strict definition. AI.J.B. Name — sambucus, elder. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 660. Berk. Out. p. 276. C. Hbk. ?i. 943. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 907. — Grev. t. 242. Letell. t. 607. f. 2. ** Hymenium tomentose, somewhat pulverulent. 45. C. olivaceum Fr. — Membranaceous, adnate, circumference fringed and whitish. Hymenium thin, dark olivaceous, tomen- tose with small bristles. Broadly effused, orbicular or elongated. The colour is distinguishing and remarkably constant. On pine wood. Uncommon. Spores sphaeroid or spheroid-ellipsoid, very pale yellowish or slightly fus- cous, 4 mk. K. ; ovoideo-ellipsoid, nucleate, yellow, 8 mk. Q. Name — from the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 660. Theleph. Fr. Elench. p. 197. Berk. Out. p. 269. C. Hbk. n. 908. 46. C. ferrugineum Fr. — Ferruginous, effused, adnate, every- where tomentose. Hymenium papillose, pulveraceous. It may be compared with Hydnumferruginosum and Polyporus fioccosus. 284 THELEPHOREI. Corticium. On branches. Altyre, &c. Oct. Name— ferrugo, iron-rust. From the rusty colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 661. B. & Br. n. 1585. 5. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 908. 47. C. lacunosum B. & Br. — Broadly effused, soft, mycelium woolly-tawny, lacunose. Hymenium pulverulent. On branches. Aboyne, 1870. Sept. Name — lacuna, to hollow out. Full of hollows, lacunose. B. & Br. n. 1371. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 909. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 66r. 48. C. anthochroum Fr. — Brick-red-rose-colour, becoming pale, effused, even above, wholly broken up, floccoso-'uelvety, circum- ference flaxy, paler. Very pretty. Without a hymeneal membrane. On sticks, sycamore, birch. Rare. Feb. Name — avflos, a flower ; xp<*>s, colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 661. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 910. Theleph. Pers. Syn. p. 576. Berk. Out. p. 270. C. Hbk. n. 909. Cyphella. GENUS XLIX. — Cyphella (icv6st a goblet). Fr. Syst. Myc. 2. p. 201. Somewhat membranaceous, cup-shaped, rarely plane, adnate be- hind, commonly extended in stem- like form, pendulous. Hymenium definitely inferior, similar, without the heterogeneous disc and asci of Pezizcz, even or at length slightly wrinkled. Sporophores 4-spored, spores subovate. Without doubt very near to So- lenice, and removed from them by artificial characters. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 661. 7 P* eft LXXXIX. Cyphella catilla. Natural size. * Lignicolce (growing on wood). ** Muscicolce (growing on mosses). *** StipiticolcB (growing on stems). **** Caulicolos and epiphyllce {growing on stalks and leaves). * LignicolcE (growing on wood}. 1. C. Bloxami B. & Phill. — White, floccoso-membranaceous, disc becoming light yellow, crenato-lobed ; flocci even. CYPHELLA. 285 Sporophores turbinate. Spores 8-n mk. Spores terminating slightly Cyphella. branched threads. On Ulex. Twycross. Name— after Rev. A. Bloxam. B. & Br. n. 1894. 2. C. griseo-pallida Weinm. — Pallid-grey, somewhat mem- branaceous, globose then campanulate, sessile, floccose exter- nally. Hymenium even, smooth. On dead Carex paniculata. Spye Park, Wiltshire. Whole plant \ lin.' diam. , at first granuliform. Hymenium pale reddish- grey, border slightly undulated. M.J.B. Name— from the colour. Weinm. Ross. p. 522. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 662. Berk. Out. p. 277. C. Hbk. n. 945. 3. C. ochroleuca B. & Br. — Ochrey-white and villous above, membranaceous, cup-shaped, margin at length split. Hymenium even, pale ochre, brighter than the pileus. 2 mm. (i lin.) and more broad. On bramble sticks. Rare. Name — wxpos, pale yellow ; Aevxo?, white. B. 6^ Br. n. 719. Berk. Out. p. 277. C. Hbk. n. 948. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 911. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 662. 4. C. stuppea B. & Br. — Erumpent, sessile, pezizaeform, exter- nally coarsely hispid, brownish then becoming white. Hy- menium fuscous. On broom. Menmuir, Forfarshire. March. Name — stuppeus, made of tow. From being coarsely hispid. B. 6^ Br. n. 1698. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 912. 5. C. fulva B. & Rav. — Brown-tawny, membranaceous, cup- shaped, deflexed, externally tomentose. On dead bark. Remarkable for its deflexed mouth. Spores ovate, 17 mk. B. & Br. Name—fulvus, tawny. B. &•= Br. n. 936. C. Hbk. n. 954. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 662. 6. C. brunnea Phill. — Dirty-brown, sessile, cupulate, clothed near the margin with a grey pruina, margin incurved, lacerated, mouth oblique. Hymenium smooth, discoloured-brown ; flesh paler, subgelatinous. Scattered or crowded. Cups .5 mm. across, .8 mm. high. Basidia clavate, two to four spicules ; spores colourless, globose (5-6 mk.) On bark and wood of old elder-trees. Shrewsbury. 286 THELEPHOREI. Cyphella. Name — brunneus, brown. Phill. Grevillea, vol. xiii. p. 49. 7. C. fraxinicola B. & Br. — Minute, orbicular, externally snow-white, shortly villous; disc light yellow, becoming fuscous with the spores, proliferous. On ash. Batheaston, 1873. Dec. Name—fraxmus, ash-tree ; colo, to inhabit. B. & Br, n. 1446. ** MuscicolcE (growing on mosses], 8. C. muscigena Fr. — Very small, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, shining white, membranaceous-soft, becoming plane, somewhat dimidiate, externally silky under a lens. Hymenium slightly wrinkled. A variable form, also stipitate, spathulate, &c. On moss. Uncommon. Sept.-Dec. At first flabelliform. M.J.B. Name — muscus, moss; gigno, to bear. Growing on moss. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 663. Berk. Out. p. 277. C. Hbk. n. 946. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 914. Theleph. Pers. Myc. Eur. t. j.f. 6. Canth. laevis Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 324. 9. C. galeata Fr. — Whitish, membranaceous-soft, somewhat sessile, obversely cup-shaped, then dimidiate, helmet-shaped, even, margin quite entire. Hymenium at length rufescent, slightly wrinkled. When young entire, cup-shaped, grey when moist, snow-white when dry, then rufescent. On mosses. Uncommon. Name— -galea, a helmet. Helmet-shaped. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 663. Berk. Out. p. 277. C. Hbk. n. 947. — Fl. Dan. t. 2027.7. i. 10. C. catilla Smith. — Somewhat membranaceous, expanded, margin crisped and undulated. Hymenium veined, 18 mm. (^ in.) broad, grey. Often imbricated. Allied to C. galeata. On moss and dead leaves. King's Lynn. Name — catillus, a small bowl. From its shape. Smith Seem. Journ. Bot. 1873, P- 337- 11. C. muscicola Fr. — About 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pale-whitish, membranaceous, somewhat sessile, persistently cup-shaped, nod- ding, externally slightly fibrilloso-striate, margin slightly downy, repand, torn. Hymenium even. B. cup irregular, externally cinereous. CVPHELLA. 287 On mosses. Rare. Cyphelia. Name— muscus, moss; colo, to inhabit. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 663. Svst. Myc. \\. p. 202. Berk. Out. p. 277. C. Hbk. n. 949.— B. Fl. Dan. t. 2083.7. 2. *** StipiticolcE (growing on stems). 12. C. lacera Fr. — When perfect 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) in stature, whitish or yellow, membranaceous, cup-shaped, stipitate from the vertex being extended, pendulous, then torn into many clefts, slightly striate above with dense black fibrils. Hymenium slightly wrinkled, whitish. On dead twigs. Rare. Name — lacerus, torn. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 664. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 202. Berk. Out. p. 277. C. Hbk. n. 950. — Alb. & Schw. t. i. f. 5. 13. C. capula Fr. — Whitish, membranaceous, obliquely cam- panulate, extended into an oblique stem, smooth, margin sinuate, irregularly shaped. Hymenium even. It varies yellowish. On dead stems of herbaceous plants. Frequent. Looks like Peziza. M.J.B. Spores ovoid, 7 mk. Q. Name — capulce, small bowls with handles. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 664. Berk. Out. p. 278. C. Hbk. n. 951. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 915. Holmsk. ii. t. 22. Peziza Nov. Act. Hafn. i. p. 286. f. 7. — FL Dan. t. 1970.7 3 seems a var. 14. C. Pimii Phill. — White or very pale yellow, cup-shaped, erect or pendent, membranaceous, pubescent, margin of cup somewhat incised. Stem rather slender, crooked, enlarged up- wards. Fasciculate. About 4 mm. (2 lin.) high and cup 2 mm. (i lin.) wide. Basidia cylindraceo-clavate, with sometimes only two spicules, generally four ; spores subpyriform, colourless (7-10x4 mk.) On dead herbaceous stems in water. Dublin. Name — after Greenwood Pirn. Pliill. Grevillea, vol. xiii. /. 49. **** CaulicolcE and cpipJiyllcs (growing on stalks and on leaves}. 15. C. pallida B. £ Br. — Cups at first orbicular, at length irregularly lobed, plane, tomentose or slightly hispid, sessile. Hymenium at length wrinkled, pallid ochraceous. Cups %-i line across, sometimes proliferous. Differs from C. Curreyi in the colour of the hymenium, which is rugose, like that of Cantharellus mus- cigenus, and its more irregular form. It appears also not to be erumpent, as that species often is, but is seated on the bark or wood. 288 THELEPHOREI. Cypheiia. On old stems of Clematis vitalba. Spores elliptic, 6-9 mk. B. Br. Na.me.—pallidus, pallid. B. 6* Br. n. 1372. Rabenh. exs. n, 1415. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 664. 16. C. cuticulosa Berk. — White, diaphanous, membranaceous, at first oblong, then cup-shaped, elongated into a stem, smooth externally. On dead grass stems. Very rare. Oct.-Feb. Not recorded since found by Dickson. Name — cuticula, the thin external skin. From its membranaceous character. Berk. Out. p. 278. C, Hbk. ?i. 955- Fr- Hym. Eur. p. 665. — Dicks. Crypt, iii. t. 9. /. n. 17. C. Goldbachii Weinm. — White, membranaceous, cup- shaped, sessile, pitcher-shaped-concave, lobed, externally uillous. Hymenium even, pallid. Minute, irregular and lobed, in which it differs from the Solenice. On dead leaves of Aira ctzspitosa. Spye Park, Wilts. Near to C. cuticulosa, from which it differs in its villous coat. B. & Br. Name— after Goldbach. Weinm. Ross. p. 522. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 665. Berk. Out. p. 278. C. Hbk. n. 952. — Corda Sturm t. 63. 18. 0. dochmiospora B. £ Br. — Snow-white, minute, pezizae- form. Resembles externally Peziza villosa ; but the hairs are not granulated. Habitat not recorded. Batheaston, 1864. Oct. Spores oblique, ovate, rather acute, 14-17 mk. B. & Br. Name— 5o oblique ; o-n-opd, seed. B. & Br. n. 1373. S. My col. Scot. n. 916. 289 ORDER V.— CLAVARIEI. Hymenium not distinct from the hymenophore, amphigenous. Somewhat fleshy fungi, vertical, simple or branched. Never coriaceous or incrusting as the Merismoid Thelephorce which are similar inform. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 666. GENUS L.— Sparassis (tnrapdo-a-u, to tear in pieces). Sparassis. Fr. Syst. Myc. p. 464. Fleshy, branched, with flat, leaf-like branches, composed of two plates, fertile on both sides, with 4-spored sporophores. Very handsome. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 666. 1. S. crispa Fr. — Whitish, very much branched ; branches cent. (1-2 in.) broad, intricate, re- curved at the apex, zoneless, ser- rated. Very handsome, very large (tufts have occurred as much as 1-2 ft. broad), most frequently wholly sessile, more rarely shortly stipitate. Beside fir trees and stumps. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Most frequently it has a tinge of pale yel- low. Like a large sponge. Edible and de- licious ; but too rare to be of value as an article of food. Name — crispa, a curl. Crisped. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 666. Syst. I\fvc. i. p. 465. Sv. at I. Sv. t. 17. B. dr3 Br. n. 1139*. C. Hbk. n. 958. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 917. Kl. Bar. t. 463. Hogg fr" Johnst. t. 24. Bail. t. 27. — Wiilf. in Jacqu. Misc. t. 14. f. i. Krombh. t. 22. / 2, 3. Schceff. t. 163. 2.5-5 XC. Sparassis crispa. One- fifth natural size. VOL. II. T CLAVARIEI. ciavaria. GENUS LI.— Clavaria (clava, a club). Linn. — Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 465. Fleshy, branched or simple, somewhat round, without a distinct stem. Hymenium continuous, dry, homogeneous. For the most part growing on the groimd. Fr. Hym. Eur.f.666. ^A'C}JT] f), I. RAMARIA (ramus, a branch). Holmsk. Branched, branches attenuated upwards. A. Lettcosporce (Aev/cos, white; (nropos, seed). Spores white or pallid. * Colour bright, yellow, red or violet. On the ground. ** Colour white or grey. On the ground. *** Colour whitish or dingy. On wood. B. Ochrosporce (a>xp6?, pale yellow; o-n-opos, seed). Spores ochraceous or cinnamon. — There are analogous species in each section which are so similar in form and colour that their figures are with difficulty distinguished. Yet they are most distinct ; the Ochrosporae spongy, tough, the majority of them bitter, and not fit to be eaten. * Colour yellow, somewhat cinnamon, saf- fron. On the ground. On the ground. XCI. Ciavaria cinerea. third natural size. One- * Colottr whitish, grey, violet. *** Growing on trztnks. II. SYNCORYNE (vvv, together tose at the base or fasciculate. * Reddish. ** Yellowish or white. *** Fuliginous or blackish. *cop6ioj, a club). Somewhat simple, caespi- , a club). Somewhat simple, distinct III. HOLOCORYNE (oAos, entire ; at the base. * Colour changeable, becoming dark. ** Colour unchangeable, commonly shining white. I.— RAMARIA. Branched, branches attenuated upwards. A. Leiicospor trunk thin, smooth, branched. Branches and branchlets all hollowed out in cup-shape at the apex, cups radiate in a proliferous manner at the margin. The most distinct of the genus, -white- spared. Branchlets obconic and even, the cups again and again proliferous in a whorled manner, the terminal ones toothed. On the ground. Penzance. Name — pyxis, a small box. Pyxidate. Pers. Comm. t. r./. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 669. B. 6* Br. n. 1976. Fl. Dan. t. 1304. /. i. 294 CLAVARIEI. B. Ochrosporcp.. Spores ochraceous or cinnamon. * Colour yellow, somewhat cinnamon, saffron. 14. 0. aurea Schaeff. — Trunk thick, elastic, pale, divided into stout, tense and straight, very dichotomously branched, round, obtuse, somewhat toothed, yellow branches. Large, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) high, elastic, soft, not pure yellow. In mixed woods. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Spores ellipsoid, 10-14x5-6 mk. K. Name — aurum, gold. Yellow. Schceff. t. 287 & 285. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 670. Berk. Out. p. 280. C. Hbk. n. 969. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 929. — Bull. t. 222. Krombh. t. 53. f. 7. 15. C. formosa Pers. — Trunk thick, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more, whitish, elastic. Branches very much branched, elongated, orange -rose -colour, branchlels obtuse, light yellowish. Variable. In woods. Rare. Spores elongated oval, covered with papillae, 16x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — formosus, finely formed, beautiful. Pers. Ic. & descr. t. 3. f. 5. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 671. Syst. Myc. i. p. 466. B. & Br. n. 1031. C. Hbk. n. 970. Krombh. t. 54. f. 21, 22. Holmsk. i. n. 13 with fig. Corda Ic. iii. f. 136. — — Harz. t. 7 lower fig. Batsch f. 48. 16. C. spinulosa Pers. — Trunk short, rather thick (2.5 cent., i in.), pallid. Branches elongated, crowded, tense and straight, attenuated, somewhat cinnamon (fuliginous-date-brown : Pers.), of the same colour at the apex. More distinct than C. aurea and formosa. In pine woods. Coed Coch. Name— jr/zVz«/0j«j, spined. From the appearance of the branches. Pers. Obs. 2, /. 3. /. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 671. Syst. Myc. i. p. 468. B. & Br. n. 1302. — Krombh. t. S3- f- 8. 17. C. abietina Pers. — Height 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) Ochra- ceous, trunk short, rather thick (8 mm., 4 lin.), white-tomentose, very much branched. Branches crowded, longitudinally wrinkled when dry, branchlets tense and straight, acute. VJl^Al \JLl \ , IJ 1 CL I 1 V^l J 1 *- LO C^llO^- CXLIVA hJUlCJkJ^l Becoming green when rubbed. Taste bitter. Under spruce fir. Common. Aug. 9\nr>rp>c oval rrri=>p>nic:Vi_-vp>11n\ji7 e V A mV IT, Aug.-Oct. Spores oval, greenish-yellow, 5x4 mk. W.G.S.; subellipsoid, 8-10x4-6 mk. K. Name — abies, fir. Pers. Comm. p. 46 (var.) Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 671. Syst. Myc. i. p. 469. Berk. Out. p. 280. C. Hbk. n. 971. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 930. Grev. t. 117. Fl. Dan. t. 2030. f. 2. CLAVARIA. 295 18. C. flaccida Fr. — Ochraceous, 2.5-4 cent, (i-i^ in-) l°ng» ciavaria. thin, very much branched, flaccid. Stem thin, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, very short, smooth. Branches crowded, even, unequal, converging, acute. Allied to C. abietina, but much thinner. It is smooth in itself, but the mycelium is floccose, creeping over leaves. Among moss in wood. Rare. Spores ellipsoid-sphteroid, 4-5 x 3 mk. K. Naxne—jlaccidus, flaccid. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 671. Berk. Out. p. 280. C. Hbk. n. 972. 19. C. crocea Pers. — Saffron-yellow, minute, thin, stem naked, pallid. Branches and branchlets similar, somewhat forked. According to the fig. it is wholly distinct. Spores unknown. On waste ground. Wraxall, Somerset. Glamis. Sept. Name — crocus, saffron. Saffron - yellow. Pers. Ic. & descr. t. n. f. 6. Berk. Out. p. 280. C. Hbk. n. 973. £. Mycol. Scot. n. 931. Colour 'whitish, grey, violet. 20. C. grisea Pers. — Firm. Trunk 4 cent. (\y2 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, whitish. Branches 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, attenuated, somewhat wrinkled, and as well as the unequal, obtuse branchlets, fuliginous -cinereous. In its exceedingly variable form it is with difficulty distinguished from C. cinerea, but is clearly distinct from its rufous-brown spores. In woods. Rare. Sept. Name — griseus, grey. Pers. Comm. p. 44. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 672. Syst. ^fyc. i. /. 468. Berk. Out. p. 281. C. Hbk. n. 974. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 932. 21. C. condensata Fr. — Tan-rufescent, tufts very dense, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) high, and without a common trunk, very much branched from the base, smooth, unchangeable when bruised. Branches tense and straight, crowded in a parallel manner, even, fastigiate at the apex, twice or thrice toothed, yellow. Mycelium white, membranaceous, creeping among leaves. On the ground under trees. West Farleigh, 1874. Spores ellipsoid, 9 mk. K. Name—condenso, to press close together. From the manner in which the branches are close together. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 672. B. & Br. n. 1587. — Schceff. t. 177 (departing in its reddish colour). *** Growing on trunks. 22. C. stricta Pers. — Yellowish-pallid, becoming fuscous when 296 CLAVARIEI. CiavaHa. bruised, trunk about 6 mm. (3 lin.) long and thick, very much branched. Branches and branchlets tense and straight, even, crowded and adpressed, acute. Mycelium most frequently fibrillose, naked. In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Spores dark cinnamon. Fr. ; creamy-yellow, 4x6 mk. W. G.S. Name — stringo, to draw tight. Tense and straight. Pers. Comm. p. 45. t, 4. /. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 673. Berk. Out. p. 281. /. i8./. 5. C. Hbk. n. 975. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 933. FL Dan. t. 1302.7. i. Krombh. t. 54.7 23. 23. C. crispula Fr.— Entire height 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) Tan then ochraceous, very much branched, trunk thin, with villous root- lets. Branches flexuous, multifid, branchlets of the same colour, divaricate. Protean but quite distinct. At the base of trees, ash. Rare. Spores creamy-yellow, 3x5 mk. W. G.S. Name — crispulus, slightly curled. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 673. Syst. Myc. \. p. 470. Berk. Out. p. 281. C. Hbk. n. 976.— Bull. t. 358. / i. a, b. Ehrenb. Nov. Act. Nat. Cur, x. /. 14. II. — SYNCORYNE. Somewhat simple, casspitose at the base, £c. * Reddish. 24. C. purpurea Fr. — Purple, caespitose. Clubs elongated, generally 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, hollow then compressed, simple, acute. Very remarkable. When solitary it is more drawn out and decumbent. Fragile. In grassy places. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Name — from the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 674. Syst. Myc. i. p. 480. Berk. Out. p. 281. C. Hbk. n. 977. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 934. Fl. Dan. t. 837-/ 2- 25. C. rufa Fl. Dan. — Rufous, 4 cent. (i}4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick. Clubs stuffed, thickened, somewhat bifid, acute. Caespitose. On the ground. Rannoch. The Burn, Forfarshire. Name — rufus, reddish. Fl. Dan. t. 775. f. i. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 674. Syst. Myc. i. p. 480. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 935. 26. C. rosea Fr. — Rose-colour, 4 cent. (\l/z in.) long, somewhat fasciculate, fragile. Clubs stuffed, at length becoming yellow at the apex, attenuated downwards, whitish. CLAVARIA. 297 Elegant. No distinct stem, but the club is narrowed at the base. Clavaria. In pastures and among moss. Rare. Name — from the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 674. Syst. Myc. i. p. 482. Berk. Out. p. 281. C. Hbk. n. 978. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 936.— Sv. Bot. t. 558. B. attenuata Fr. Obs. 2. t. $./. 2. Krombh. t. 53. /. 21. ** Yellowish or white. 27. C. fusiformis Sow. — Yellow, caespitoso-connate, slightly firm, soon hollow. Clubs somewhat fusiform, simple and toothed, even, attenuated to the base which is of the same colour. Taller than C. incequalis, more connate, at length becoming fuscous at the apex. Both vary unequal, not very different. In woods, pastures, £c. Common. Name—fusus, a spindle ; forma, form. Spindle-shaped. Sow. t. 234. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 674. Berk. Out. p. 281. C. Hbk. n. 979. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 937. Bolt. t. no. Var. with the irregularly shaped clubs toothed : Sow. t. 235- 28. C. ceranoides Pers. — Height 7.5 cent. (3 in.) Yellow, fas- ciculate, unequal, slightly divided above, apex brown. Very caespitose. Clubs attenuated downwards, curved, somewhat ventricose. In woods. Rare. Nov. Name— Br. n. 1895. Quel. t. 21. /. -L.—Bull. t. 496.7. L.M. 41. C. tenuipes B. & Br. — Pallid day-coloiir. Club inflated, wrinkled. Stem slender, flexuous, somewhat distinct from the club. CALOCERA. 301 Not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) in height. Head swollen, obovate, about 12 Clavaria. mm. (y2 in.) high, rarely confluent with the stem. On bare heathy ground. Sherwood Forest. Nov. Name — tennis, thin ; pes, a foot. Thin-stemmed. B. & Br. n. 369. /. 9. / 2. Out. p. 282. C. Hbk. n. 983. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 678. 42. C. incarnata Weinm. — Flesh-colour, white-pruinose, inter- nally purple, varying 12 mm.-4 cent. (%-!% in.) long, quite simple, solid, cylindrical. Gregarious. On the ground. Terrington, Norfolk. Name — incarnatus, flesh-coloured. Weinm. p. 510. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 678. Grevillea, vol. viii. /. 98. 43. C. acuta Sow. — White, 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) high, quite simple, tense and straight. Club small, distinct, sharp-pointed, pruinose. Stem cylindrical, equal. On soil in garden pots. Rare. Name — acutus, acute. Sharp-pointed. Sow. t. 333. Berk. Out. p. 283. C. Hbk. n. 991. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 679. Syst. Myc. i. p. 485. 44. C. uncialis Grev. — Pale white, quite simple, stuffed, tough, tense and straight, obtuse, smooth. Stem continuous, attenuated. Varying in size, but scarcely exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) On dead stems of herbaceous plants, &c. Uncommon. May. Name — uncia, an inch. Grev. t. 98. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 679. Elench. p. 232. Berk. Out. p. 284. C. Hbk. n. 992. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 949. GENUS LI I. — Calocera (KO\O'S, beautiful; icepas, a horn). Caiocera. Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 485. Gelatinoso-cartilaginous, horny when dry, vertical, somewhat cylindrical, simple or branched, viscid, without a distinct stem. Hymenium amphigenous; sporophores bifurcate; spores oblong, curved. Intermediate between the Clavariei and Tremellini. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 679. * Branched. ** Ccespitose. *** Simple, distinct. 302 CLAVARIEI. XCIII. Calocera viscosa. One- half natural size. Calocera. * Branched. 1. C. viscosa Fr. — Golden-egg-yellow, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more high, branched, tough, rooted, even, linear. Branches round or com- pressed, tense and straight, repeatedly dichotomous. The long root paler. On stumps, chiefly pine. Very common. July-Dec. Spores white. Fr. ; hyaline, ellipsoid ob- long, mostly slightly curved, 8-10x4 mk. K. Name — viscus, bird-lime. Viscous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 680. Syst. Myc. i. /. 486. Berk. Out. p. 284. C. Hbk. n. 993. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 950. Bonord. f. 257. — Pers. Comm. t. i. f. 5. Schceff. t. 174. Quel. t. 21. f. 5. 2. C. palmata Fr. — Orange-yellow, branched, tremelloso - tough, com- pressed, dilated upwards, divided. Branchlets somewhat round, divaricate, obtuse. Nearest to C. cornea. On wood. Twycross. Name— /£/#z<2, the palm. From the branchlets resembling a palmate leaf. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 680. Grevillea, vol. v. /. n. ** Ccfspitose. 3. C. cornea Fr. — Yellow-orange, 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) and more high, casspitose, rooted, even, viscous. Clubs small, curt, awl- shaped, connate at the base. On dead wood, oak and beech. Frequent. Name — cornu, a horn. Horny. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 680. Syst. Myc. i. p. 486. Berk. Out. p. 284. C. Hbk. n. 995. S. Mycol. Scot. n. <)$L.—Batschf. 161. Fl. Dan. t. 1305. f. 2. Sow. t. 40. Bull. t. 463. f. 4. 4. C. corticalis Fr. — Pallid-flesh-colour > caespitose, erumpent, soft, pellucid. Clubs small, awl-shaped, somewhat distinct. Elegant, delicate, smaller than the rest, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) long. On dead bark. Penzance. Name — cortex, bark. Growing on bark. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 680. Elench. p. 233. B. &" Br. n. lyj-j.—Batschf. 162? PTERULA. 303 *** Simple, distinct. Calocera. 5. C. stricta Fr. — Yellow, simple, solitary, elongated, blunt at the base, linear, even when dry. A. truncorum, 12 mm. -2. 5 cent. (K-I in-) long, the base girt with white delicate down. B. epiphylla, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) high, the base naked and bluntly rooted. On ash. Belvoir Castle. Oct. Name — stringo, to draw tight. Tense and straight. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 680. A. B. &> Br. n. 1032. C. Hbk. n. 996. — Bonord. f. 255. 6. C. striata Fr. — Yellow, simple, solitary, tough, lanceolate, acute, striate when dry. Commonly taken for a form of C. cornea, but distinct. On prostrate trunks. Batheaston. Spores 8x6 mk. B. &= Br. Name — stria, a furrow. Striate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 681. B. & Br. n. 1140. C. Hbk. n. 997. — Hoffm. Germ. t. j.f. i. 7. C. glossoides Fr. — Light-yellow, 12 mm. (% in.) long, simple, solitary, somewhat tremellose. Club small, thickened, obtuse, compressed. Stem round. On decayed oak and stumps. Leighwood, Bristol. Composed of erect forked flocci. Spores oblong, oblique, somewhat in- curved, attached by a short pedicel. B. & Br. Name — -yAwo-cra, the tongue ; elfios, appearance. Tongue-like. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 68 1. Syst. Myc. i. p. 487. Berk. Out. p. 284. C. Hbk. n. 998. GENUS LIII.— Pterula. Fr. in Linn. 1830. p. 531. Pteruia. Cartilaginous, filiform, arid, equal, without a distinct stem. Hymenium pubescent then becoming smooth, with 4-spored sporophores (LeVeill.) Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 68 1. Some species are simple, others much branched. 1. P. subulata Fr. — Height 4 cent. (\yz in.), very densely crowded, tense and straight, equal except at the attenuated base, sparingly branched. Branches growing into each other, whitish- cinereous ^ multifid at the apex, awl-shaped, smooth, becoming yellow. Tough. Not thicker than a fine thread. On wood. Burnham Beeches, 1874. Name — subula, an awl. Awl-shaped. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 682. Syst. Myc. iii. /. 286. Linn. 1830. t. n.f. 4. B. & Br. n. 1588. 304 CLAVARIEI. Pteruia. 2. P. multifida Fr.— Height 2.5-5 cent- (r~2 in-)» at tne first pallid whitish then (especially when dried), dirty pale yellowish, very much branched, very delicate, flaccid but slightly tough. Branches tense and straight, not much thicker than a hair, heaped as if swept together, somewhat fastigiate, spear-shaped at the apex, of the same colour. On dead branches. Sept. Name — multus, many ; fi ndo, to cleave. From the multitude of branches into which it is cleft. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 682. Monogr. ii. p. 282. B. & Br. n. 1304. Typhuia. GENUS LIV.— Typhula (Typha, the Reed-mace, which it some- what resembles in miniature. Berk.} Pers. — Fr. Epicr. p. 584. Minute tender fungi with a filiform stem, which is either heterogeneous and distinct from the linear club, or springs from a sclerotioid hybernaculum. Hymenium waxy, sporophores forked, spicules elongated. Growing on plants. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 682. I. PHACORRHIZ/E (0aic Br. ; sphaeroid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 8-10 mk. K. Name — gracilis, slender. Berk. Out. p. 285. B. & Br. n. 84. t. 8.f. i. C. Hbk. n. 1006. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 686. 10. T. translucens B. & Br. — Minute, white, pellucid ; stem short, thickened upwards ; head irregular, somewhat obovate. Resembling somewhat a prematurely dried Myxogast, but a true Hymeno- mycete. On the ground. Glamis, 1875. Oct. Name — transluceo, to be transparent. Translucent. B. & Br. n. 1589. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 958. PISTILLARIA. 3°7 GENUS LV. — Pistillaria (pistillum, a pestle. From the form). Pistillaria. Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 496. Very small, with a turgid club, which is either sessile, or. attenuated into a short continuous stem, hardened when dry Substance somewhat cellular. Spo- rophores simple or forked. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 686. 1. P. micans Fr. — Glistening-rose- colour, scarcely exceeding 2 mm. (i lin.) high, obovate, obtuse ; stem short, attenuated, and, as well as the oval spores, white. Smooth, but somewhat pruinose. On dead thistles. Rare. Spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 9-10x5-6 mk. K. Name — mico, to glisten. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 686. Berk. Out. p. 285. C. Hbk. n. 1007. — Hoffm. Germ. t. 7. f. 2. Ehrenb. Ber. t. 3. f. 2. XCV. Pistillaria priberula. Natural size. Section four times natural size. 2. P. culmigena Fr. — Hyaline-pellucid, ovato-clavate, obtuse ; stem distinct, very short. Small, soft when fresh, hardened when dry, sclerotioid. On stalks of grass. Frequent. Jan. Name — culmus, a haulm ; gigno, to bear. Growing on stalks. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 687. Montagn. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1836, t. 12. / 2. Berk. Out. p. 285. C. Hbk. n. 1008. 3. P. quisquiliaris Fr. — Whitish, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) long, thickened upwards, somewhat compressed, soft when fresh, rigid when dry, attenuated at the base, smooth, somewhat stipitate. Gregarious, here and there flattened and bifid. On fern stems. Common. Sept.-Oct. Often attached to a Sclerotium. M.J.B. Spores sausage-shaped, 15 mk. Q. Name — quisquiliee, sweepings, rubbish. Among refuse of fern. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 687. Berk. Out. p. 286. C. Hbk. n. 1009. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 959. — Sow. t. 334.7. i. 4. P. furcata Smith. — Clubs white or yellowish, 3 cent. (i% in.) high, waxy then tough, compressed, broad at the apex, attenuated downwards, generally furcate and casspitose. 3o8 CLAVARIEI. Pistiiiaria. In greenhouses. Name— -furca, a fork. Forked. Worth. Smith in C. Hbk. n. 1012. 5. P. puberula Berk. — White, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) high, obovate, ventricose; stem short, distinct, attenuated upwards, pellucid, fibrous, tomentose. On dead Pteris aquilina. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Name— -pules, first downy hair on the chin. From the tomentose stem. Berk. Out. p. 286. Eng. Fl. v. p. 181. C. Hbk. n. 1010. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 960. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 688.— Sow. t. 334. /. 2. 6. P. pusilla Fr. — White, very small, 2 mm. (i lin.) long, smooth, even, linear; stem not distinct. On Equisetum. Wey mouth. Slightly thickened upwards, nodding when dry. M.J.B. Name—pusio, a small boy. Very small. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 688. Syst. Myc. i. p. 498. Berk. Out. p. 286. Eng. Fl. v. p. 182. C. Hbk. n. ion. Microcera. GENUS LVI. — Microcera (^«p6st small; /ce'pas, a horn). Desm. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1848, p. 350. " External veil persistent, membranaceous-floccose, breaking above into many lacinias. Receptacle fleshy, club-shaped, formed of simple spore-bearing fibres. Spores fusiform, arcuate." Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 689. No British species. ORDER VI.— TREMELLINEI. Whole fungus homogeneous, gelatinous, shrivelling when dry, reviving when moistened, pervaded internally with branched filaments, terminating towards the surface all round in sporo- phores ; spores somewhat reniform. The structure of the Tremellini is admirably illustrated by Tulasne in Ann. Sc. Nat. 1853. Fr. Hym. Etir. p. 689. GENUS LVIL— Tremella (tremo, to tremble). Dill. — Fr. Syst. Myc. 2. p. 210. Distended with jelly when moist, tremulous, immarginate, not papil- late, sporophores globose, becoming quadripartite, and sending out from each division an elongated free spi- cule, which terminates in a simple spore. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 689. I. MESENTERIFORMES (nevevrepov, the me- sentery). Gelatinous inclining to cartilag- inous, foliaceous, naked. II. CEREBRIN^E (cerebrum, the brain). Firm then pulpy, somewhat pruinose with the spores. III. CRUSTACEJE (crusta, a crust). Dif- fused, becoming plane. IV. TUBERCULIFORMES (tuberculum, a little tuber). Small, somewhat erumpent. Tremella. XCVI. Tremella mesenterica. Natural size. I. — MESENTERIFORMES. Gelatinous, inclining to cartilaginous, &c. 1. T. fimbriata Pers. — Olivaceous inclining to black, casspitose, clusters 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) high and even broader, erect, corru- gated', lobes flaccid, incised at the margin, undulato-fimbriate. When soaked with water it has a dark tawny tinge. 310 TREMELLINEI. Tremelia. On dead branches. Rare. Sowerby's Herbarium. N&me—Jimbrice, a fringe. From the appearance of the lobes. Pers. Obs. 2. /. 97. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 690. Berk. Out. p. 286. C. Hbk. n. 1013. — Bull. t. 272. Hoffm. Veg. Crypt, i. t. 7. f. i. 2. T. frondosa Fr. — Yellow inclining to pale, caespitose, very large, even, plicate at the base ; lobes gyroso-undulated. The largest of the genus, nearest to T. foliacea, but thrice as large, more gyrose. There is no nucleus, and the structure is very different from that of Ncematelia, wherefore it does not belong to that genus. On roots of living trees, oak. Rare. Wothorpe, Norths. Careston, Forfarshire. Colour a peculiar pale pinkish yellow. M.J.B. Name—frondosus, leafy. From the appearance of the lobes. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 690. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 212. Berk. Out. p. 286. C. Hbk. n. 1014. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 961. — Bull, t. 499./. T. 3. T. foliacea Pers. — Cinnamon-flesh-colour, casspitose, cluster 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.), even, undulated, plicate at the base. When young it is flattened down and nestles under the bark, wrinkled, then protruding from the plane base and forming the cluster. Kickx notes a var. growing on the ground. On stumps, logs, &c. Frequent. Aug.-Dec. Surface finely pubescent or granulated, the granulations pale, giving the plant a velvet-like gloss. Eng. Bot. Name—fotium, a leaf. From the leafy appearance. Pers. Obs. 2. p. 98. Berk. Out. p. 287. C. Hbk. ?i. 1015. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 962. — Bull. t. 406.7 A. a. Engl. Bot. /. 1452. 4. T. lutescens Pers. — Yellowish, casspitose, small, cluster i- 2.5 cent. (Yz-i in.) broad, very soft, undulato-gyrose; lobes entire, naked. Inclining to be fluid. Whitish when young. On stumps, £c. Frequent. Aug.-Feb. Name — l^tte^ls, yellow. Yellowish. Pers. Syn. p. 622. Ic. & descr. p. 33. t. 8. /. 9. Berk. Out. p. 287. C. Hbk. n. 1016. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 963.— Bull. t. 406.7. B-D. II. — CEREBRIN^E. Firm then pulpy, &c. 5. T. mesenterica Retz.— Orange, simple, ascending, toughish, changeable in form, plicato-undulate, gyrose. There is no constant form ; when full grown pulverulent with the spores. On sticks, Ulex, broom, £c. Very common. July- Dec. TREMELLA. 311 Name — ^eo-eVrepoi/, the mesentery. Retz. in Vet. Ak. Handl. 1769. p. 249. Tremella. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 691. Berk. Out. p. 287. C. Hbk. n. 1017. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 964. Jacqu. Misc. i. t. 15. Eng. Bot. t. jog. Hussey i. /. 27.— Schccff. t. 168. Bull. t. 174. Hoffm. Veg. Crypt. \. t. 6. /. 4. Fl. Dan. t. 885. 6. T. intumescens Eng. Bot. — Brown, becoming black when dry, somewhat caespitose, rounded or conglomerate, soft, obsoletcly punctate, somewhat tortuously lobed. It is properly developed only in very damp weather, and forms numerous, rounded, soft, pulpy lobes, which are twisted and swollen, resembling the intestines of some animal. On fallen trunks, beech, £c. Rare. When cut longitudinally brown vertical streaks are discernible near the surface. W.G.S. Name — intumesco, to swell up. Eng. Bot. t. 1870. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 691. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 215. Berk. Out. p. 288. C. Hbk. n. 1021. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 965. 7. T. vesicaria Eng. Bot. — Pallid, erect, Jinn, gelatinous within, undulated and gyrose. On the ground. Very rare. Spores ii x 6 mk. B. dr° Br. Name — vesica, a bladder. Eng. Bot. t. 2451. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 691. Berk. Out. p. 287. C. Hbk. n. 1018. 8. T. albida Huds. — Whitish, becoming fuscous when dry, 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, ascending, tough, expanded, undulated, some- what gyrose, pruinose. On dead wood. Common. Sept.-May. Erumpent from bark. Spores oblong obtuse, curved, 2-guttate, subhyaline, 12-14x4-5 mk. K. Name — a Ibus, white. Whitish. Huds. Angl. ii. p. 565. Eng. Bot. t. 2117. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 691. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 215. Berk. Out. p. 287. C. Hbk. n. 1020. S. Mycol. Scot. n. qte.—Bull. t. 386.7. A. III. — CRUSTACEA. Effused, flattened. 9. T. viscosa Berk. — At first white then hyaline, effused, re- supinate, undulated, somewhat viscous, the similar circumference naked. On dead branches. Common. Jan.-Dec. Forming a viscid stratum on the wood. Name — viscus, bird-lime. Viscous. Berk. Out. p. 288. Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. ii. vol. xiii. t. 15. /. 4. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 691. C. Hbk. n. 1027. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 967. — Fl. Dan. t. 1851. /. i. 10. T. epigaea B. & Br. — White, effused, gelatinous, gyroso- plicate, sprinkled with the white spores. Spreading over the naked soil, on which it forms a thin, white, gelatinous stratum. 312 TREMELLINEI. Tremeiia On the ground. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Name — enC, upon ; yj, the earth. B. & Br. n. 373. t. 9. /. 3. Berk. Out. p. 289. C. Hbk. n. 1028. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 968. IV. — TUBERCULIFORMES. Small, somewhat erumpent. 11. T. violacea Relh. — Small, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, violaceous^ becoming black when dry, erumpent, firm, somewhat compressed, gyrose. Gregarious. The habit is that of Dacrymyces, but the structure is that of Tremeiia. On trunks of pear-trees. Rare. Name — from the colour. Relh. Cant. p. 442. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 692. Dacrymyces Berk. Out. p. 290. C. Hbk. n. 1036. Tulasne Ann. Sc. Nat. 1853, t. 12. /. 3-12. 12. T. indecorata Sommerf. — Dingy, livid or olivaceous becoming fuscous, black fuscous when dry, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, erumpent, rounded, convex when swollen, plicate, opaque. At first bursting through bark, firm, then plicate, connate as if with many lobes combined. On birch, oak, willow. Rare. Oct.-Nov. Name — indecorus, ugly. From its dingy appearance. Sommerf. Lapp. p. 306. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 692. Berk. Out. p. 288. C. Hbk. n. 1022. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 969. 13. T. moriformis Eng. Bot— Black, minute, somewhat gelat- inous, firm, spherical, sinuous, opaque. Habit exactly that of the mulberry. On dead branches. Rare. Batheaston. Dun. Forfarshire. Nov. Interior mass translucent, violet. Staining paper violet. Name — morus, mulberry ; forma, form. From its resemblance to a mulberry. Eng. Bot. t. 2446. Berk. Out. p. 287. C. Hbk. n. 1019. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 970. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 692. 14. T. tubercularia Berk. — Erumpent, somewhat stipitate, head p Heat e, dingy white, nearly black when dry; stem round, short. When dry it has a peculiar semi-transparent horny appearance. On dead branches. Frequent. Oct.-Dec. Name — tuberculum, a tubercle. Berk. Otit. p. 288. C. Hbk. n. 1024. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 971. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 692. EXIDIA. 313 15. T. foliicola Fckl. — White above, brown below, scattered, Tremeiia. crowded, somewhat sessile, granular, globose, gelatinous above, hard and dry below, when dry cup-shaped. Conidia on the apices of branched sterigmata, fusiform curved, simple, hyaline, 6x2 mk. On the lower surface of leaves of Rubus fruticosus with Phrag- midium. Castle Rising, 1882. March. Name— folium, a leaf; colo, to inhabit. Fckl. Symb.Myc.p. 402. Grevil- lea, vol. xiii. p. 50. Sacc. Fung. Ital. n. 1024. 16. T. torta Berk. — Yellow or orange, minute, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, round, depressed, gyroso-tuberculate. On dead wood, oak, &c. Common. Oct.-Dec. Name — torqtteo, to twist. Twisted. Berk. Out. p. 288. C. Hbk. n. 1025. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 972. Fr. Hym. Eiir. p. 692. 17. T. versicolor Berk. — Orange, at length brown, minute, orbicular. Tear-like, pallid when young. On Corticium nudum. Uncommon. Name — versicolor, changeable in colour. Berk. Out. p. 288. C. Hbk. n. 1026. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 973. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 693. GENUS LVIII. — Exidia (e|tS/«, to exude. Exuding from the receptacle). Fr. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 220. Distended with jelly when moist, tremulous, somewhat marginate, pa- pillose, with a gelatinous coloured stratum covering the sporophores, the spicules of which are erumpent only at their apices. An easily recognised genus from its habit and from the papillae. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 693. I. AURICULIN^E (auricula, the external ear). Pezizoid. II. SPICULARI^E (spiculum, a little point, spicule). Somewhat plane, unpolished be- neath, very evidently glandular, here and XCVII. Exidia glandulosa. there gyrose. Natural size. Exidia. 314 TREMELLINEI. Exidia. I. — AURICULIN^:. Pezizoid. 1. E. truncata Fr. — Scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) in height and breadth, 'very black, shining, soft, distended with jelly, disc truncato-plane, glandular, at length cavernous, rough 'with dots beneath; stem very short. It does not become swollen when moistened. On lime branches. Yester Gardens. Dec. Spores oblong, curved, chlorino-hyaline, 14-16x5-6 mk. K. Name — trunco, to maim, shorten. Cut short, truncate. Fr. Hym. Ear. p. 693. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 224. Scot. Nat. iii. p. 20. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 974. 2. E. recisa Fr. — Fuscous-amber-colour, 1-2.5 cent- (lA~i in.) broad, very soft, distended with jelly, disc truncato-plane, ribbed, papillose, somewhat repand, rough with dots beneath ; stem very short, excentric, oblique. On dead wood, willow, £c. Common. Sept.-Oct. Name— recido, to cut short. Shortened. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 693. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 223. Berk. Out. p. 289. C. Hbk. n. 1029. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 975. —Dittm. Sturm i. t. 13. Eng. Bot. t. 1819. II. — SPICULARLE. Somewhat plane, £c. 3. E. glandulosa Fr.— Blackish, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, effused, somewhat plane, thick, undulated, studded with conical papillas, cinereojts and somewhat tomentose beneath. Extremely variable in form and size. On dead oak. Common. Sept.-March. The under side feels like black crape. Sometimes truncate, sometimes pendulous. M.J.B. Known as Witch's butter. Spores oblong, curved, hyaline, 12-14x5 mk. A'. Name — glandules, glands. Full of glands. From the papillae. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 694. Syst. Myc. ii./. 224. Berk. Out. p. 289. C. Hbk. n. 1030. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 976. Hussey i. t. 42. — Bull. t. 420. /. i. Fl. Dan. t. 884. Eng. Bot. t. 2448, 2452. 4. E. saccharina Fr. — Tawny-cinnamon, effused, tubercular, gyroso-undulated, thick, sprinkled with few papillae. The colour is that of crystallised sugar. Papillee minute, obtuse, vanishing. On larch and Scotch fir. Rare. Nov. Name — saccharon, sugar. From the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 694. Berk. Out. p. 289. C. Hbk. ?i. 1031. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 977. FEMSJONIA. GENUS LIX. — Hirneola (htrnea, a jug). Fr. Fung. Nat. p. 24. Himeoia. Gelatinous inclining to cartilaginous, soft when moist, and tremulous but not distended with jelly ; excipulum (cavity) cup - shaped, when dry coriaceo -horny, reviving when moistened, but scarce- ly swelling. The hard skin which forms the hymenium superior, dis- coid, of a different colour from the excipulum, and when soaked for a considerable time admitting of being separated from it entire. Sporophores not involved in jelly ; spores oblong, curved. A remarkable genus, clearly dis- tinct alike from Auricularia and Exidia. Fr. Hym Eur. p. 695. J r ?-> XCVIII. Hirneola auricula-Judo:. One-third natural size. 1. H. auricula-Judse Berk. — Thin, concave, flexuous, at length black, "uenoso-plicate without and within, tomentose and olive-cinereous beneath. On elder and elm. Frequent. March-Aug. Plant 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad. Upper substance corrugated, the plaits branching from the middle part where they are strongest and somewhat con- voluted, so as to give an idea of a human ear. When the plant grows on a perpendicular stump or tree it turns upwards. Eng. Bot. Name— Jew's-ear. Berk. Out. p. 289. t. i8./. 7. C. Hbk. n. 1032. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 978. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 695. Hussey i. /. 53. — Bolt. t. 107. Mich. Gen. t. 66. f. i. B. more even. Berk. Out. t. i8./. 7. C. reddish-fuscous. Bull. t. 427. / 2. Eng. Bot. t. 2447. GENUS LX. — Femsjonia (from Femsjo). Veg. Scand. p. 341. Fr. Summ. Femsjonia. Cup-shaped, distended with firm jelly, different on the two sides, disc thick, heterogeneous, even and not glandular. Sporo- phores immersed, globose, the oblong spores curved. Growing on wood, erumpent) brightly coloured. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 695. No British species. 316 TREMELLINEI. GENUS LXI. — Naematelia (vaifj.d, a word coined by Fries from vaiw, and applied to the gelatinous substance which sur- rounds the nucleus ; eiAe'w, to roll or wrap round). Fr. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 227. Solid, convex, immarginate, nucleus fleshy firm, entirely en- veloped with a thick gelatinous stra- turn, which is internally fibroso- floccose, and everywhere covered with sporophores. Growing on 'wood, rather firm, not shrivelling when dry. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 696. 1. N. encephala Fr. — Pallid-flesh- colour, 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad and thick, somewhat sessile, pulvinate, plicato-rugose. Solitary or clustered. Nucleus large, hard, white. On pine branches, chiefly Scotch fir. Frequent. Sept.-Feb. XCIX. N&matelia encephala. Natural size. Looks like the brain of some animal. M.J.B. Name— kv, within; Ke^a\^. head. From its brain-like appearance. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 696. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 227. Berk. Out. p. 290. C. Hbk. n. 1033. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 979. — Willd. Bot. Mag. i. t. 4./. 14. 2. N. nucleata Fr. — Whitish then light yellow-fuscous, 2-8 mm. (1-4 lin.) broad, sessile, becoming plane, somewhat gyrose. On rotten wood. Rare. Sometimes confounded with Tremclla albida from which it differs in the presence of a small white nucleus. M.J.B. Name — nucleus, a kernel. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 696. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 228. Berk. Out. p. 290. C. Hbk. n. 1034. 3. N. virescens Corda. — Greenish, sessile, somewhat orbicular, depressed, gyroso-tubercular. On branches of Ulex, &c. Common. Jan. -Dec. Name — vireo, to be green. Corda Ic. iii. f. 90. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 696. Berk. Out. p. 290. C. Hbk. n. 1035. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 980. — Fl. Dan. I. 1857- / i. DACRYMYCES. 317 GENUS LXIL— Guepinia (after Guepin). Fr. Elench. ii. p. 30. Guepinia. Gelatinous inclining to cartilaginous, free, different on the two sides, variable in form, substipitate ; hymenium confined to one side; sporophores linear, long-forked, 2- spored ; spores curved. Fr. Hym. Eiir.p. 697. 1. G. peziza Tul. — Yellow, cup- shaped, somewhat sessile, smooth on both sides, adnate behind ; stem slender. Very remarkable in having the hymenium on the upper side. On wood. Shere. Name — From its being like Peziza. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1853, p. 224. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 697. Grevillea, vol. vi. p. 71. PL 97. /. 19, 20. C. Guepinia helvelloides. One- half natural size. , a fungus). Dacrymyces. GENUS LXIII. — Dacrymyces (SOK/W, a tear; Nees Syst. p. 89. Gelatinous, homogeneous, pervaded internally with septate fibres; conidia linked together like a necklace ; sporophores clavate at the end of the filaments, bifurcate when mature ; spores septate. Tul. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1853, /. n. f. 19. /. 1 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 697. * Red. ** Yellowish. *** Pa Hid o r fusco us. * Red. 1. D. macrosporus B. £ Br. — Rose-colour, gelatinous, tubcrculated. Forming irregular gyrate and tuberculated masses of a rosy colour, about 6 mm. (% in.) long, parasitic on old remains of C7. Dacrymyces sebaceus. Natural Sphceria stigma. It preserves its rosy tint size. Section five hundred times when dry. natural size. 318 TREMELLINEI. Dacrymyces. On dead branches. Batheaston. Dec.-March. Primary spores oblong, 3-5 septate, 40-50x8-11 mk. Secondary spores elliptic, 14 mk. B, & Br. Name — /Aa*P°«, long ; cnropos, seed. B. & Br. n. 1374. /. 7.f. i. ** Yellowish. 2. D. deliquescens Dub. — Yellowish, somewhat round, rooted, convex, immarginate, at length twisted, hyaline; spores triseptate. At first pezizasform, even, dingy yellowish, becoming pale, yellow-fuscous when dry. On dead wood, pine rails, £c. Common. Jan.-Dec. Easily distinguished from D. stillatus by its larger size, more caespitose habit, and paler yellowish colour. 6-12 mm. (%-% in.) across. M.J.B. Spores triseptate, curved, oblong, hyaline, 12-22x6 mk. K. Name — deliquesco, to dissolve. Deliquescent. Dub. Bot. Gall. p. 729. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 698. Berk. Out. p. 290. C. Hbk. n. 1038. S. My col. Scot. n. 981. — Bull. t. 455. f. 3. Corda Ic. ii. f. 115. 3. D. stillatus Nees. — Yellow then orange, colour persistent, 2-8 mm. (1-4 lin.) broad, somewhat round, convex, at length plicate, spores multiseptate. Gregarious, somewhat confluent, variable in form, spherical when young, then turbinate or irregular, pezizoid, plicate, sessile or stipitate. It is readily distinguished from D. deliquescens by its colour being persistently bright. On pine stumps, rails, &c. Common. Jan.-Dec. Spores multiseptate, subhyaline, slightly curved, 10-22 x 8 mk. K. Name —stillo, to drop. Nees Syst. p. 89. / 90. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 699. Syst. Myc. ii. p. 230. Berk. Out. p. 291. t. 18. /. 8. C. Hbk. n. 1039. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 982. Grev. t. 159. Corda Ic. \\.f. 114? 4. D. chrysocomus Tul. — Golden, orbicular, when young spherical, immarginate, soon collapsing, pezizoid, and at length flattened, persistently even; spores multiseptate. It agrees in its structure with D. stillatus. When dry it is very much con- tracted, somewhat horny. On fir sticks. Rare. Spores multiseptate, ellipsoid, pale yellow, 20-28x9-11 mk. K. Name— xpuo-os, gold ; KOJU.TJ, hair. Golden lock. Tul. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 699. Berk. Out. p. 291. C. Hbk. n. 1040. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 983. — Peziza Fr. Syst. Myc. \\.p. 140. Bull. t. 376. / 2. Sow. t. 152. *** Pallid or fuscous. 5. D. sebaceus B. & Br. — Whitish, somewhat round, composed DACRYMYCES. 319 of filaments which are variously branched and often clavate Dacrymyces. above. Conspicuous only in rainy weather. Forming circular patches. Individual plants 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad. On twigs of ash and maple. Bath, 1868. Winter. Spores ovato-triangular, 14x6-8 mk. B. & Br. Name — sebum, tallow. From its resemblance to little spots of tallow. B, 6° Br. n. 1305. t. 18. /. 2. C. Hbk. n. 1037. Fr. Hym. Eur, p. 699. 6. D. succineus Fr. — Amber-colour, punctiform, somewhat gelatinous, smooth, becoming pale externally when moistened, disc darker and immarginate. Gregarious, very small, rather thick, collapsing when dry as D. chrysocomus does. On pine leaves. Grantown, Morayshire. Minute, cup-shaped, stipitate, pale-yellow; stem short, stout, black; spores cylindrical, nxi% mk. The British specimens exactly accord with those from Spree in Rabenhorst's 'Fungi Europcei,' No. 680. Phillips. Name— succinum, amber. From the colour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 699. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 984. 7. D. vermiformis B. & Br. — Grey, minute, worm-shaped. Sporophores globose; spores globose, pallid fuscous. Sporophores 14 mk. ; spores 6 mk. On rotten wood. Batheaston. April. Name — vermis, a worm ; forma, form. B. & Br. n. 1700. /. 3. f. i. ADDENDA. na. THE following were unfortunately omitted from Vol. I.: — Acetabularia, a subgenus of Agaricus, belongs to the third Acetabuia- series Dermint, and takes its place before Subgenus XIX., Pholiota. Acetabularia (acetabulum, a vine- gar cup. From the cup-like volva). Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii. p. 389. Universal veil distinct from the pileus ; hymenophore distinct ; gills free ; spores pallid tawny or brown. Analogous to Volvaria and Chi- tonia. 1. A. acetabulosus Sow. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, light- brown, convex, striate especially at the margin. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, white, equal, hollow; volva nearly white. Gills free, narrow, hispid, light-brown. Bank of Thames near high-wate May. This is very like a poor specimen of A. congregatus, but the pileus is more plaited. The lamellae are remarkably glandular on their sides ; and instead of a bare base or foot, it stands in a little socket-like volva. Sow. The accompanying illustration is from the original specimen in the British Museum. Sowerby gives also an enlarged section of the gills, and a side of a gill showing very large cystidia. The pileus appears to be slightly split as in A. rimosus. Name — from the cup-like volva. Sow. t. 303. Berk. Linn. Journ. xviii. p. 389. C. Illust. PL 345. VOL. II. X CII. Acetabularia. One-half natural size. mark at Millbank, 1795. 322 ADDENDA. Hiatula Hiatula holds as yet an uncertain position. From the colour of the spores, and the habit being that of Mycena, it might be referred to the Leucospori, but the mode of growth is entirely that of the Coprini. At present it is placed next to Copri?ius. Hiatula (Jiio, to gape. From the manner in which the pileus splits open). Mont. Ann. Sc. Nat. 1854. Vol. i. p. 107. Pileus very thin, without a pellicle, formed by the junction of the back of the gills, when expanded veliform and splitting open as in the most del- icate Coprini, but not melting away, and the sporidia are white. Fr. Nov. Symb. Myc. p. n. CIII. Hiatula Wynniee. One- half natural size. 1. H. Wynnise B. & Br. — Shining white. Pileus 4 cent. (ij£ in.) broad, tender, striate, pulverulent, centre darker. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slender, striate. Gills scarious, rather broad. One specimen became darker in drying, and had a longer and thicker stem. In a stove. Kew. Name — after Mrs Lloyd Wynne. B. , to beget), of a structure which is different from adjacent ones. HOMOGENEOUS (o/j.6s, one and the same ; yevvdta, to beget), similar in struc- ture. HYALINE (va\os, clear), transparent. HYBERNACULUM (hiberno, to winter), applied to bodies which are the forms in which certain fungi, e.g. Typhulce, pass the winter. HYGROPHANOUS (Hypos, moist ; <£cuVw, to appear), of a watery appearance when moist and opaque when dry. HYMENIUM (v^v, a membrane), the fruit-bearing surface ; e.g. on each side of the gills of an Agaric. HYMENOPHORE (V/J.TIV, a membrane ; e'pw, to bear), the structure which bears the hymenium ; in Agarics e.g. the under surface of the pileus to which the gills are attached. IMMARGINATE (in, negative ; margo, a margin), without a distinct border. IMMERSED (immergo, to immerse), sunk into the matrix. INFERIOR, of the ring of an Agaric which is far down on the stem. INFUNDIBULIFORM (infundibulum, a funnel ; forma, form), funnel-shaped. INNATE (in, into ; nascor, to be born), adhering by growing into. INSERTED (insero, to insert), growing like a graft from its stock. INVOLUTE (in ; volvo, to roll), rolled inwards. ISABELLINE, of the colour of soiled linen ; brownish-yellow-clay. LACINIATE (lacinia, a lappet, flap), divided into flaps. LACUNOSE (lacuna, a pit), marked with small hollows. LANCEOLATE (lancea, a spear), lance-shaped ; tapering to both ends. LINEAR (linea, aline), narrow and straight. MAMMIFORM (mamma, a breast; forma, form), breast-shaped. MARGINATE (margo, a margin), having a distinct border. MATRIX (matrix, the womb), the substance on which a fungus grows. MEDIAL (medium, the middle), at the middle ; of the ring of an Agaric e.g. which is between superior or near the apex of the stem, and distant or far removed from the apex. MERISMOID (Merisma, from nepifa, to divide, a generic name applied by Per- soon to certain fungi with branched or laciniate pilei, now included under 326 GLOSSARY. Thelephora ; e?5oy, form), resembling a Merisma — i.e. having a branched or laciniate pileus. MYCELIUM (/iv/crjs, a fungus), spawn of fungi resulting from the germination of spores ; in Agarics e.g. forming root-like threads. OBCONIC (ob ; conus, a cone), inversely conical. OBOVATE (ob ; ovum, an egg), inversely egg-shaped. PAPILLATE (papilla, a nipple), furnished with one or more nipple -like elevations. PARTIAL (pars, a part), of a veil clothing the stem and reaching to the edge of the pileus, but not extending beyond it. PECTINATE (pecten, a comb), like the teeth of a comb. PELLICULOSE (pellis, skin), furnished with a pellicle or distinct skin. PENCILLED (penicillum, a painter's brush), with pencil-like hairs either on the tip or border. PERONATE (pero, a kind of high boot), sheathed ; of a stem e.g. which has a covering like a legged boot. PERVIOUS (per, through ; via, a way), forming an open tube-like passage. PILEUS (pileus, a hat), a part of the receptacle of a fungus ; e.g. the cap-like head of Agarics. PILEOLI, secondary pilei ; arising from the division of a primary pileus. PILOSE (pilus, a hair), covered with hairs. PORIFORM (porus, a pore ; forma, form), in the form of pores. POROUS, furnished with pores. PROLIFEROUS (proles, offspring ; fero, to bear), applied to an organ which gives rise to secondary ones of the same kind. PRUINOSE (pruina, hoar-frost), covered with frost-like bloom. PRUNIFORM (prunus, a plum ; forma, form), plum-shaped. PULVINATE (pulvinus, a cushion), cushion-shaped. PUNCTATE (punctus, a point), dotted with points. QUATERNATE (quatuor, four ; nascor, to be born), arranged in groups of four. REMOTE (removeo, to remove), of gills which do not reach the stem, but leave a free space between them and it. RENIFORM (renes, the kidneys ; forma, form), kidney-shaped. REPAND (repando, to throw open), bent backwards. RESUPINATE (resupino, to throw on the back), lying on the back ; of an Agaric e.g. lying on the back without a stem ; or of fungi spread over the matrix without any stem and with the hymenium upwards. REVOLUTE (revolvo, to roll back), rolled backwards ; of the margin of a pileus e.g., the opposite of involute. RIMOSE (rima, a crack), cracked. RING, a part of the veil adhering in the form of a ring to the stem of an Agaric. RIVULOSE (rivula, a small stream), marked with lines like rivulets. RUBIGINOUS (rubigo, rust), rust-coloured. RUFESCENT (rufesco, to become reddish), reddish in colour. RUGOSE (ruga, a wrinkle), wrinkled. GLOSSARY. 327 SCABROUS (scaber, rough), rough on the surface. SCARIOUS (ffKapos, a kind of sea-fish), applied to a shrivelled membrane. SCISSILE (scindo, to cleave), capable of being cleft asunder ; of two plates e.g. lying together, but capable of being separated. SCLEROTIOID ((TK\Tjp6s, hard ; etSos, resemblance), in the form of a Sclerotium, a form assumed by the mycelium of certain fungi. SCROBICULATE (scrobis, a. trench), marked with small pits. SEPARATING (separo, to separate), becoming detached as gills from the stem, or resupinate fungi from the matrix. SERRATE (serra, a saw), with teeth like a saw. SESSILE (sedeo, to sit), seated without a stem. SINUATE (sinus, a curve), waved ; of a pileus with a wavy margin ; of gills which have a sudden wave or sinus where they reach the stem. SMOOTH, applied to a surface which is destitute of hairs, &c. See Even. SPATHULATE (spatha, a broad flat instrument for stirring liquids), shaped like a spatula or spoon. SQUAMOSE (squama, a scale), scaly. SQUAMULOSE, covered with small scales. SQUARROSE (squarrosus, rough), rough with scales. STIPITATE (stipes, a stalk), stemmed. STOLONIFEROUS (stolo, a sucker ; fero, to bear), stolon-bearing ; applied to a trailing and rooting branch. STRIATE (stria, a furrow, flute of a column), marked with lines in the form of channels. STRIGOSE (striga, a swath), rough with fascicles of hairs. STUFFED, of a stem filled with substance of a different texture from its walls. SUBICULUM (subiculum, an under layer), the thready mycelium forming the under layer of the plant. SULCATE (sulcus, a furrow), marked with furrows. SUPERIOR (super, above), the upper surface ; or applied to a ring when it is near the apex of the stem. TOMENTOSE (tomentum, wool, &c.), downy. TRAMA (trama, the weft or filling of a web), the substance proceeding from the hymenophore, between the plates of (central in) the gills in Agarics, and between the double membranes of which the dissepiments of the pores are composed in Polyporei. TREMELLOID (tremo, to tremble), of the consistency of jelly. TRUNCATE (trunco, to maim), ending abruptly as if cut short. TUB/EFORM (tuba, a trumpet ; forma, form), trumpet-shaped. TUBERCLE (tuber, a swelling), a small wart-like excrescence. UMBILICATE (umbilicus, the navel), with a central depression. UMBONATE (umbo, the boss of a shield), with a central boss-like elevation. UNCINATE (uncinus, a hook), hooked. UNIVERSAL (universus, whole), of the veil or volva which entirely envelops the fungus when young. VEIL (velum, a covering), a covering of various texture more or less com- pletely enwrapping a fungus ; occurring chiefly among the Agaricini. VELIFORM (velum; forma, form), of a thin veil-like covering. 328 GLOSSARY. VENTRICOSE (venter, the belly), swollen in the middle. VERNICOSE (vernis, varnish), shining as if varnished. VILLOUS (villus, a tuft of hair), downy with soft hairs. VIRGATE (virga, a twig, stripe), streaked. VOLVA (volva, a wrapper), a substance (universal veil) covering the plant ; e.g. in young Amanita. ZONED (zona, a girdle), furnished with one or more concentric circles of colour, depression, £c. INDEX TO VOL. II. ACETABULARIA Berk. . acetabulosus Sow. . AGARICUS Linn, adhwsirus With. filamentosus Fr. glaucopus Sow. helvelloides Bull. obscuratus Lasch. . paradoxus Kalchbr. sublanatus Huss. . tristis Krombh. turbinatus Sow. turfosus Sow. . validus Berk. . ARRHENIA Fr. . AURICULARIA Bull. . lobata Sommerf. mesenterica Fr. BOLETUS Dill aereus Bull. aestivalis Fr. . alutarius Fr. . arboreus Sow. . badius Fr. bovinus Linn. calopus Fr. carnosus Rostk. castaneus Bull. chrysenteron Fr. . collinitus Fr. . cyanescens Bull. edulis Bull. elegaus Schum. erythropus Pers. feileus Bull. . flavidus Fr. flavus With. . fragrans Vitt. . granulatus Linn. . impolitus Fr. . lariciuus Berk. luridus Schceff. luteus Linn. . olivaceus Schceff. pachypus Fr. . pachypus Krombh. parasiticus Bull. . PAGE BOLETUS Dill. — continued. 321 . 321 piperatus Bull. pruinatus Fr. purpureus Fr. radicans Pers. ! 156 rubinus Smith . 68 sanguineus With. . 5 satanas Lenz. . . 136 scaber Fr. . 112 . 67 3 . 112 spadiceus Schceff. . strisepes Seer. . strobilaceus Scop. . subtomentosua Linn. 8 . 161 sulphurous Fr. variecolor B. & Br. . 26 . 137 variegatus Sw. versipellis Fr. viscidus Linn. . 271 CALOCERA Fr. . . 27-2 cornea Fr. . 272 corticalis Fr. . . 166 . 176 glossoides Fr. palmata Fr. . striata Fr . 177 stricta Fr. . 1*0 tuberosa Fr. . . 229 viscosa Fr. . 170 . 170 CANTHARELLUS Adans. . 175 albidus Fr. . 182 . 181 anthracophilus Lev. aurantiacus Fr. . 172 Brownii B. & Br. . . 169 carbonarius A. & S. . 181 cibarius Fr. . . 176 cinereus Fr. . . 168 . 178 . ISO . 169 cupulatus Fr. Friesii Quel. . Houghtoni Phill. . infundihuliformis Fr. . 168 lobatus Fr. . 176 lutescens Bull. .' 177 muscigenus Fr. radicosus B. & Br. . . 179 . 178 retirugus Fr. . Stevensoni B. & Br. . 168 tubseformis Fr. . 175 umbonatus Fr. . 175 . 176 CLADODERRIS Pers. . . 174 minima B. & Br. PAGE . 171 . 174 . 178 . 173 . 173 . 170 . 177 . 180 . 173 . 172 . 182 . 172 . 171 . 174 . 171 . 179 . 179 . 301 . 302 . 302 . 303 . 302 , 303 , 303 • 300 , 302 , 131 , 133 , 133 , 132 133 133 132 135 135 132 134 134 137 134 136 133 136 136 134 133 266 266 330 INDEX. CLAVARIA Linn. abietina Pers. . acuta Sow. ametbystina Bull. . Ardenia Sow. . argillacea Fr. . auraiitiaca Pers. aurea Schceff. . botrytes Pers. canalieulata Fr. ceranoides Pers. cinerea Bull. condeusata Fr. contorta Holmsk. . coralloides Linn. . crispula Fr. . cristata Pers. . crocea Pers. . curta Fr. fastigiata Linn. fistulosa Fr. . flaccida Fr. . formosa Pers. . fragilis Holmsk. fumosa Pers. . fusiformis Sow. gracilis Pers. . grisea Pers. insequalis Fl. Dan. incarnata H'einm. . juncea Fr. juncea Lev. Kromholzii Fr. Kunzei Fr. ligula Fr. muscoides Linn. . pistillaris Linn, pratensis Pers. purpurea Fr. . pyxidata Pers. rosea Fr. rufa Fl. Dan. . rugosa Bull. . spinulosa Pers. stricta Pers. . tenuipes B. & Br. . tuberosa Sow. umbrina Berk. uncialis Grev. vermicularis Scop. . CORTICIUM Fr. . aiuorphum Fr. anthochroum Fr. . arachnoideum Berk. aridum Fr. atrovirens Fr. aurora Berk. . byssoideum Fr. caeruleuin Fr. calceum Fr. . cinereum Fr. . cinnamomeum Fr. . citrinum Pers. comedens Fr. . confluens Fr. . corrugatum Fr. evolvens Fr. PAGE . 290 . 294 . 301 . 291 . 300 . 297 . 297 . 294 . 290 . 300 . 297 . 292 . 295 . 299 . 292 . '296 . 292 . 295 . V91 . 291 299 . 295 . 294 . 298 . 298 . 297 . 298 . 295 . 297 . 301 . 300 . 305 . 293 . 293 . 299 . 291 . 299 . 291 . 296 . 293 . 296 . 296 . 293 . 294 . 295 . 300 . 300 . 292 . 301 . 298 . 272 . 274 . 284 . 275 . 282 . 277 . 281 . 282 . 277 . 277 . 279 . 276 . 279 . 281 . 279 . 280 273 CORTICIUM Fr. — continued, ferrugineum Fr. fcetidum B. & Br. . giganteum Fr. incarnatum Fr. lacteseens Berk. lacteum Fr. . lacunosum B. & Br. laeve Pers. laxum Fr. limitation Fr. lividum Pers. . niaculseforme Fr. . nudum Fr. ochraceum Fr. olivaceum Fr. polygonium Pers. . porosum B. & Curt. puberum Fr. . puteanum Fr. quercinum Fr. roseum Pers. . salicinum Fr. . sambuei Fr. . sanguineum Fr. scutellare B. & Curt. serum Fr. stabulare Fr. . subdealbatum B. & Br. . sulphureum Fr. typhae Fckl. . umbrinum Fr. velutinum Fr. violaceo-lividum Fr. CORTINARIUS Fr. acutus Fr. albo-violaceus Fr. . anfractus Fr. . anomalus Fr. . anthracinus Fr. arenatus Fr. . argentatus Fr. armeniacus Fr. armillatus Fr. arvinaceus Fr. bivelus Fr. bolaris Fr. bulbosus Fr. . Bulliardi Fr. . cseruiescens Fr. ccerulescens Saund. & Srn. callisteus Fr. . calochrous Fr camphoratus Fr. . camurus Fr. . caninus Fr. castaneus Fr. . cinnabarinus Fr. . ciunamomeus Fr. . claricolor Fr. . collinitus Fr. . colus Fr. . cotoneus Fr. . croeeo-cseruleus Fr. cumatilis Fr. . cyanites Fr. . cyanopus Fr. . decipiens Fr. . PAGE . 283 . 275 . 274 . 279 . 276 . 274 . 284 . 275 . 282 . 280 . 278 . 280 . 279 . 278 . 283 . 280 . 275 . 277 . 281 . 278 . 275 . 273 . 283 . 276 . 278 . 283 . 282 . 276 . 276 . 281 . 282 . 275 . 280 1 . 61 . 24 7 . 32 . 34 . 28 . 22 . 52 . 43 . 17 . 38 . 26 . 39 . 26 9 14 . 26 9 . 24 . 30 . 31 . 55 . 33 . 35 3 . 17 . 56 . 36 . 15 . 13 . 23 5 59 INDEX. 331 CORTINARIUS Fr. — continued. PAGE decolorans Fr. . 15 decoloratus Fr. . 14 decuinbens Fr. . 30 delibutus Fr . 20 detonsus Fr . 60 diabolicus Fr. . 31 dibaphus Fr . 11 dilutus Fr . 54 duracinus Fr . 53 elatior Fr . 38 erythrinus Fr. . 59 evernius Fr. .... 42 fasciatus Fr . 62 finitimus Weimm. . . 25 flabellus Fr . 48 flexipes Fr 47 fulgens Fr . 11 fulmiueus Fr. 12 gentilis Fr 45 germanus Fr . 60 glaucopus Fr. 8 grallipes Fr . 19 haematochelis Fr. . . 44 helvelloides Fr. . 46 helvolus Fr . 44 hemitrichus Fr. . 50 hiunuleus Fr . 45 iliopodius Fr. . 49 illibatus Fr . 20 imbutus Fr . 55 impennis Fr . 41 incisus Fr . 49 infucatus Fr . 36 jubarinus Fr. .... 57 Junghuhnii Fr. . 62 largus Fr. .... 5 leucopus Fr . 58 licinipes Fr . 40 limonius Fr. .... 44 livido-ochraceus Berk. . . 19 macropus Fr . 38 miltinus Fr . 33 milvinus Fr. .... 62 mucifluus Fr . 18 multiformis Fr. 7 inyrtillinus Fr. . 32 napus Fr 8 obtusus Fr. .... 61 ochroleucus Fr. . 29 35 orichalceus Batsch . . 12 paleaceus Fr 51 papulosus Fr. . 16 penicillatus Fr. . 28 periscelis Fr . 47 pholideus Fr. . 27 plumiger Fr . 41 pluvms Fr . 21 porphyropus Fr. . . 15 prasinus Fr. .... 13 63 psammocepbalus Fr. . 48 punctatus Fr. 46 purpurascens Fr. . . 10 quadricolor Fr. . 43 raphanoides Fr. . 36 Reedii Berk . 58 redimitus Fr . 25 CORTINARIUS Fr. — continued. PAGE renidens Fr 56 Riederi Fr 6 rigens Fr 58 russus Fr 6 saginus Fr 6 salor Fr 19 sanguineus Fr 34 saturninus Fr 54 scandens Fr 59 scaurus Fr 13 scutulatus Fr. .... 42 sebaceus Fr 4 spilomeus Fr. .... 33 stemmatus Fr 50 stillatitius Fr 21 subferrugiueus Fr. ... 52 sublanatus Fr 27 subpurpurascens Fr. ... 10 tabularis Fr 30 talus Fr 8 tophaceus Fr. .... 25 torvus Fr 40 traganus Fr 24 triform is Fr 47 triumphans Fr 2 turbinatus Fr 11 turmalis Fr 3 uliginosus Berk 35 uraceus Fr. 57 urbicus Fr 39 varius Fr. ..... 4 venetus Fr 37 violaceus Fr 23 CRATERELLUS Fr 259 clavatus Fr 261 cornucopioides Pers. . . . 260 crispus Fr 260 lutescens Fr 259 sinuosus Fr 260 CYPHELLA Fr 284 Bloxami B. & Phill. . . .284 brunnea Phill 285 capula Fr 287 catilla Smith 286 cutieulosa Berk 288 dochmiospora B. & Br. . . . 288 1'rax iu i cola B. & Br. . . .286 fulva B. & PMV 285 galeata Fr 286 Goldbachii Weinm. . . . 288 griseo-pallida Weinm. . . . 285 lacera Fr 287 muscicola Fr. .... 286 muscigena Fr 286 ocbroleuca B. & Br. . . . 285 pallida B. & Br 287 Pimii Phill 287 stuppea B. £ Br 285 DACRYMYCES Nees .... 317 chrysocomus Tul 318 deliquesceus Dub 318 macrosporus B. & Br. . . . 317 sebaceus B. £ Br 318 stillatus Nees .... 318 succineus Fr 319 vermiformis B. & Br. 319 332 INDEX. PAGE HYDNUM Linn. — continued. PAGE D^EDALEA Pers. . '22* ferrugineum Fr. . 237 aurea Fr. .... . 224 ferruginosum Fr. . . 242 cinerea Fr . 225 fragile Fr . 235 eonfragosa Pers. . 225 fuscum Berk . 242 ferruginea Schum. . . 2?6 gelatinosum Pers. . . 247 latissima Fr . 225 graveolens Delast. . . 238 quercina Pers. . 224 imbricatum Linn. . . 234 unicolor Fr . 225 Isevigatum Siv. . 235 vermicularis Pers. . . 226 limonicolor B. & Br. . 243 macrodon Fr . 245 EXIDIA Fr. .... . 313 melaleucum Fr. . 238 glandulosa Fr. . 314 melleum B. & Br. . . 244 recisa Fr . 314 nietnbranaceum Bull. . 242 saccharina Fr. . 314 multiforrne B. & Br. . 244 truncata Fr . 34 nigrum Fr . 238 niveum Pers . 246 FAVOLUS Fr 227 nodulosum Fr. . 245 ochraceum Pers. . 241 FEMSJONIA Fr . 315 repandum Linn. . 236 rut'esceus Pers. . 236 FISTULINA Bull. . 183 scabrosum Fr. . 234 hepatica Fr . 183 scrobiculatum Fr. . 237 sepultum B. & Br. . 244 GOMPHIDIUS Fr. . 63 sordidum Weinm. . . 243 glutinosus Fr. 63 spathulatum Fr. . 244 gracilis B. <& Br. . 64 squaliuum Fr. . 241 roseus Fr . 64 squamosum Schcpff. . 234 stillatus Strauss . 65 Stevenson! B. & Br. . 245 viscidus Fr . 64 stipatum Fr . 246 tomentosum B. & Br. . 239 GRANDINIA Fr 255 udum Fr. .... . 245 crustosa Fr . 256 variecolor Fr. . 242 granulosa Fr. . 255 Weinraanni Fr. . 242 mucida Fr . 255 zonatum BatscJi . 237 ocellata Fr . 255 papillosa Fr . 256 HYGROPHORUS Fr. . 70 agathosmus Fr. 76 GUEPINIA Fr . 317 arbustivus Fr. 73 peziza Tul . 317 calyptrseformis B. & Br. . 89 caprinus Fr . 77 HERICIUJI Pers. . 247 ceraceus Fr. .... 86 cerasinus Berk. 76 HEXAGONA Poll. . 226 chlorophanus Fr. . . 90 chrysodon Fr. . 71 HIATULA Fr. .... 322 cintreus Fr. 79 Wynnise B. & Br. . . 322 Clarkii B. & Br. . '. • I *J . 82 coccineus Fr. . 86 HIRNEOLA Fr . 315 Culemannianus Blox. . 84 auricula-Judse Berk. . 315 conicus Fr . 89 cossus Fr . 72 HYDNUM Linn . 233 discoideus Fr. . 74 alutaceum Fr. . 243 distans Berk . 81 anomalum B. & Br. . 244 eburneus Fr . 71 argutum Fr . '246 erubescens Fr. . 73 aurantiacum Alb. & Schw. 236 foetens Phill . 79 aureum Fr . 243 fornicatus Fr. . 81 auriscalpium Linn. . 239 fusco-albus Fr. . 76 Tricolor Alb. & Schw. . 245 glauco-nitens Fr. . . 91 caput-Medusse Bull. . 240 glutinifer Fr. . 73 cirrhatum Pers. . 240 Houghtoni B. & Br. . 84 compactum Pers. . . 236 hypotbejus Fr. . 75 coralloides Scop. 239 irrigatus Fr . 83 crinale Fr . 242 lacnius Fr . 83 cyathiforme Schtrff. . 239 laetus Fr. .... . 85 denticulatum Pers. . 243 leporinus Fr . 78 diversidens Fr. . 240 liiiiaciiius Fr. . 74 erinaceum Bull. . 240 livido-albus Fr. . 77 farinaceum Pers. . . 246 niesotephrus B. & Br. . . 77 INDEX. 333 HYGROPHORUS Fr. — continued. PAGE LACTARIUS Fr. — continued. PAGE metapodius Fr. . 82 mammosus Fr. . 107 micaceus B. & Br. . 81 margine-tomentoso B. & Br. . 96 miniatus Fr . 87 minimus Smith . 112 87 mitissimus Fr. 110 mucronellus Fr. . 87 obnubilus Lasch . 112 murinaceus Fr. . 91 pallidus Fr . 104 nenioreus Fr. . 78 pallidus Saund. & Sin. . . 105 91 pargamenus Fr. . 101 80 pi I* in us Fr. 109 obrusseus Fr. 88 piperatus Fr . 102 olivaceo-albus Fr. 75 pubescens Fr. . 95 ovinus Fr . 82 pyrogalus Fr . 100 pallidus B. & Br. . . 79 quietus Fr. . 104 penarius Fr . 72 ro^eo-zonatus Post. . 99 pratensis Fr . 78 rufus Fr. .... . 106 psittacinus Fr. . 90 scoticus B. & Br. . . 103 pulverulentus B. & Br. . . 72 scrobiculatus Fr. . . 93 puniceus Fr . 88 serifluus Fr . 110 russo-coriaceus B. & Br. . 81 squalidus Fr . 100 sciophanus Fr. . 84 subdulcis Fr . Ill 83 Terrei B. & Br. . Ill turundus Fr. . 87 theiogalus Fr. . 105 unguinosus Fr. . 91 torminosus Fr. 93 ventricosus B. & Br. . 80 trivialis Fr . 98 virgineus Fr. . 79 turpis Fr . 94 vitellinus Fr. . 85 uvidus Fr . 98 Wynniie B. & Br. . . 80 vellereus Fr. .... . 102 vietus .Fr. .... . 105 HYMENOCH.-ETE Lev. volemus Fr . 109 corrugata Berk. . 281 zonarius Fr . 96 ruhiginosa Lev. . 269 Stevensoni B. & Br. . 269 LENTINUS Fr . 153 tdbacina Lev. . 269 adhserens Fr . 156 cochleatus Fr. . 156 IRPEX Fr . 248 Dunalii Fr . 154 carneus Fr . 250 fimbriatus Curr. . 157 deformis Fr . 250 flabelliformis Fr. . . 158 fusco-violaceus Fr. . 249 leontopodius Scliulz. . 155 Johnston! Berk. . 249 lepideus Fr. .... 155 lacteus Eng. Fl. . 250 pulverulentus Fr. . . 155 obliquus Fr . 250 resinai:eus Fr. . 156 pendulus Fr . 249 scoticus B. & Br. . . 157 spathulatus Fr. . 250 tigrinus Fr. .... 154 157 KNEIFFIA Fr . 257 . 257 LENZITES Fr, .... . 163 subgelatinosa B. & Br. . . 258 abietina Fr . 165 betulina Fr . 163 LACTARIUS Fr . 92 flaccida Fr . 164 acris Fr. .... . 101 164 blennius Fr . 97 camphoratus Fr. . Ill MARASMIUS Fr . 139 capsicum Schulz. . . 100 alliaceus Fr . 148 chrysorheus Fr. . 101 amadelphus Fr. . 148 cilicioides Fr. . 94 androsaceus Fr. . 150 circellatus Fr. . 98 angulatus B. & Br. . . 147 controversus Fr. . . 95 archyropus Fr. . 145 cyathula Fr . 106 Broomei Berk. . 153 deliciosus Fr. .... . 103 146 exsuccus Smith . 103 caulicinalis Fr. . 149 flexuosus Fr . 99 Curreyi B. & Br. . . 151 fuliginosus Fr. . 108 epichloe Fr. .... . 152 glyciosmus Fr. . 107 epiphyllus Fr. . 152 helvus Fr . 107 erythropus Fr. . 144 hysginus Fr . 97 fcetidus Fr . 147 ichoratus Fr . 110 fusco-purporens Fr. . 143 insulsus Fr . 96 gramineus Lev. . 152 lilacinus Lasch . 109 graminum Berk. . 150 334 INDEX. MARASMIUS Fr.— continued. PAGE PAXILLUS Fr. — continued. PAGK Hudson! Fr . 151 involutus Fr . 68 impudicus Fr. . 145 lepista Fr . 66 insititius Fr . 151 leptnpus Fr . 68 147 panseolus Fr. .... 67 oreades Fr. .... . 142 69 perforans Fr . 151 paradoxus Berk. . 67 peronatus Fr . 141 spilomseolus Fr. . 67 porreus Fr . 141 ramealis Fr . 148 PHLEBIA Fr . 253 rotula Fr. .... . 149 coutorta Fr . 254 saccharinus Fr. . 152 lirellosa Pers . 254 scorodonius Fr. . 146 merismoides Fr. . 253 scorteus Fr . 142 radiata Fr . 253 splachnoides Fr. . 150 vaga Fr . 254 spodoleucus Berk. . . 153 Stephensii Berk. . 144 PlSTILLARIA Fr. . 307 terginus Fr . 143 culmigena Fr. . 307 torquesrens Quel. . . 145 furvata Smith .... . 307 urens Fr. .... . 140 niicans Fr . 307 Vaillantii Fr . 146 quisquiliaris Fr. . 307 varicosus Fr. . 143 puberula Berk. . 80S Wjnuei B. & Br. . . 144 pusilla Fr . 308 MERULIUS Fr . 227 POLYPORTJS Fr . 183 aurantiacus Klotsch . 228 abietinus Fr . 211 Carmichaelianus Berk. . . 230 acauthoides Fr. . 195 corium Fr . 228 adiposus B. & Br. . . 201 himantioides Fr. . 228 ad ust us Fr. .... . 200 lachrymals Fr. . 23.) alligatus Fr . 195 laeticolor B. & Br. . . 228 alutacr us Fr. . 197 molluscus Fr . 229 amorphus Fr. . 201 pallens Berk . 229 annirinus Sommerf. . 214 porinoides Fr. . 229 aimosus Fr . 208 pulverulentus Fr. . . 230 applanatus Fr. . 204 rufus Pers . 229 armeniacus Berk. . . 215 serpens Tode . 229 bathyporus Rostk. . . 220 tremellosus Schrad. . 227 betulinus Fr . 203 blepharistoma B. & Br. . 220 MICROCERA Desm. . 308 bombycinus Fr. . 214 borealis Fr . 202 MUCRONELLA Fr. . 258 brumalis Fr . 188 caserns Fr. .... . 198 N^MATELIA Fr . 316 callosus Fr . 217 encephala Fr . 316 earn ens Nees .... . 208 nucleata Fr . 316 cerebdnus B. £ Br. . 197 virescens Corda . 316 cervinus Pers. . 223 chioneus Fr . 197 NYCTALIS Fr . 137 cinctus Berk. . 215 asterophora Fr. . 138 collabefactus B. & Br. . . 218 caliginosa Smith . 138 conchatus Fr. . 206 parasitica Fr . 138 connatus Fr. .... . 207 contignus Fr. . 212 ODONTIA Fr . 256 crispus Fr. . . . 200 barba-Jovis Fr. . 256 cristatus Fr . 194 flmbriata Pers. . 257 cryptarum Fr. . 209 cuticularis Fr. . 202 PANUS Fr . 158 cytii-'inus Berk. . 207 conchatus Fr. . 159 destructor Fr. ... . 199 farinaceus Schum. . . 160 drvadeus Fr. .... 202 patellaris Fr . 160 elegans Fr. .... 192 Stevensoni B. & Br. . 160 epileucus Fr. .... . 196 stipticus Fr . 160 fariuellus Fr . 220 torulosus Fr . 159 ferruginosus Fr. . 212 fibula Fr. .... . 210 PAXILLUS Fr . 65 floccipes Rostk. . 188 atro-tomentosus Fr. . 68 foinentarius -Fr. . 204 fagi B. &Br . 69 fragilis Fr . 198 giganteus Fr . 66 fraxineus Fr . 207 INDEX. 335 POLYPORUS Fr. — continued. PAGE frondosus Fr. .... 193 fulvus Fr 2U5 fumosus Fr 200 fuscidulus Fr 188 giganteus Fr. . . . .194 gilvus Schw 199 Gordoniensis B. £ Br. . . .219 gossypinus Lev 209 Herbergii Eostk 195 heteroclitus Fr 1P6 hirsutus Fr 210 hispidus Fr 201 hybridus B. & Br '221 hymenocystis B. & Br. . . . 2iO igniarius -Fr. .... 205 incaruatus Fr. ." . . .213 intybaceus Fr 193 Keithii B. & Br 201 lacteus Fr 197 Leestadii Fr. & Berk. . . .214 lentus Berk 187 leptocephalus Fr 188 leucomelas Fr 187 lucidus Fr 193 medulla-panis Fr. ...... 216 melanopus Fr 190 micans Fr 213 Michelii Fr 190 moll is Fr 198 molluscus Fr. .... 218 mucidus Fr 217 nidulans Fr 199 nigrirans -Fr 204 nitidus Fr 214 nummularius Fr 192 obducens Pers 217 pallescens Fr. .... 197 pectinatvs Klotsch .... 205 perennis Fr 189 petaloides Fr. .... 192 picipes Fr 191 polymorphic Rostk. . . . 209 populinus Fr. .... 208 purpureus Fr. .... 212 quercinus Fr. .... 203 radiatus Fr 209 radulaFr. . . . .219 ramentaceus B. & Br. . . . 214 Eennyi B. & Br 215 reticulatus Fr 220 rhodellus Fr 213 ribis Fr 206 roseus -Fr 206 Rostkovii -Fr. .... 191 rufescens Fr 189 rufus Fr 213 rutilans Fr. ^. 199 rutilans Saund. & Sin. . . . 199 salicinus Fr 206 salignus Fr 196 sanguinolentus Fr. . . . 218 Schweinizii -Fr. .... 189 secernibilis B. & Br. . 219 spumeus .Fr. ..... 202 squamosus Fr 190 Stephensii B. & Br. . . . 224 subfusco-flavidus Eostk. . . 215 subgelatinosus B. & Br. 216 POLYPORUS Fr. — continued. sulphurous Fr. terrestris Fr. . trabeus Rostk. uhnaritis Fr. . umbellatus Fr. umbrinus Fr. Vaillantii Fr. vaporarius Fr. variegatus Seer. varius Fr. vegetus Fr. velutinus Fr. versicolor Fr. violaceus Fr. . viridans Berk. vitreus Fr. vulgaris Fr. . Wyrmite B. & Br. . POROTHELIUM Fr. con fu sum B. & Br. Friesii Mont. . Keithii B. & Br. . Stevensoni B. & Br. PTERULA Fr. multifida Fr. . subulata Fr. . RADULUSI Fr. aterrimum Fr. corallinum B. & Br. deglubens B. & Br. epileucum B. & Br. erectum Sow. . fagineum Fr. . orbiculare Fr. querciuum Fr. touientosum Fr. RUSSULA Pers. . adusta Fr. alutacea Fr. . aurata Fr. chamseleontina Fr. consobrina Fr. cutefracta Cke. cyanoxantha Fr. decolorans Fr. delica Fr. depallens Fr. . diimeia Cke. . Du Portii Phill. . elephantina Fr. emet ica Fr. fellea Fr. fcetens Fr. fragilis Fr. furcata Fr. galocliroa Fr. . heterophylla Fr. integra Fr. lactea Fr. lepida Fr. Linnsei Fr. lutea Fr. uauseosa Fr. . nig deans Fr. . PAGE . 195 . 216 . 198 . 207 . 193 . 211 . 219 . 219 . 208 . 191 . 203 . 210 . 210 . 212 . 216 217 , 218 , 211 , 230 231 , 231 , 231 . 231 303 304 303 251 253 252 252 252 253 252 251 251 252 113 114 129 128 130 123 121 122 128 115 117 118 119 115 125 124 124 126 116 123 123 127 118 119 120 129 130 114 336 INDEX. RUSSTJLA Pers. — continued, nitida Fr. PAGE . 129 . 126 THELEPHORA Ehrb. — continued, intybacea Pers. laciniata Pers. PAGE . 264 . 264 . 121 tnollissima Pers. . 265 pectinata Fr. . Queletii FT . 126 . 125 multizonata B. & Br. . palmata Fr. . 262 . 263 rosacea Fr. rubra Fr. san guinea Fr. sarclonia Fr. . semicrema Fr. . 117 . 120 . 116 . 117 . 115 sebacea Pers Sowerbeii B. & Br. tuberosa Fr terrestris Ehrb. . 265 . 261 . 262 . 264 . 262 sororia Larbr. subfoetens Smith . vesca Fr. . . . . 124 . 124 . 122 TRAMETES Fr Bulliardi Fr . 221 . 222 veternosa Fr. A'irescens Fr. . . 127 . 119 gibbosa Fr . 222 . 223 vitellina Fr. . xerampelina Fr. . 130 . 121 mollis Fr odora Fr. .... . 223 . 222 . 221 SCHIZOPHYLLUM Fr. . . 162 . 223 commune Fr. SISTOTREMA Pers. confluens Pers. . 162 . 248 . 248 . 232 suaveolens Fr. Terrei B. & Br. TREMELLA Dill. albida Huds . 222 . 223 . 309 . 311 ochracea Hoffm. SPARASSIS Fr. . crispa Fr. STEREUM Pers. . a'cerinum Pers. avellanum Fr. . 232 . 289 . 289 . 267 . 271 . 270 . 27D epigsea B. & Br. fimbriata Pers. foliacea Pers foliicola Fckl. froudosa Fr indecorata Sommerf. iutumescens Eng. Bot. . lutescens Pers. . mesenterica Retz . 311 . 309 . 310 . 313 . 310 . 312 . 311 . 310 310 hirsutum Fr. . lauro-cerasi Berk. . ochroleucum Fr. . 268 . 270 . 2*7 . 270 moriformis Eng. Bot. torta Berk tubercularia Berk. . versicolor Berk . 312 . 313 . 312 313 purpureum Pers. . rubiginosum Fr. rufo-hispidum Stev. rufum Fr. . 268 . 269 . 269 . 271 . 270 vesicaria Eng. Bot. violacea Eelh. viscosa Berk TREMELLODON Pers . 311 . 312 . 311 247 sanguinolentum Fr. spadiceum Fr. stratosum B. & Br. . 269 . 268 . 271 . 269 gelatinosum Pers. . TROGIA Fr. .... crispa Fr . 247 . 162 162 vorticosum Fr. STROBILOMYCES Berk. strobilaceus Berk. . THELEPHORA Ehrb. . anthocephala Fr. . biennis Fr, ceesia Pers. caryophyllea Pers. . clavularis Fr. cristata Fr. Crustacea Schum. . digitata Fr. fastidiosa Fr. . 268 . 182 . 182 . 261 . 263 . 264 . 266 . 262 . 263 . 265 . 266 . 263 . 265 TYPHULA Pers erythropus Fr. fili form is Fr Grevillei Fr gracilis Berk. & Desm. gracillima White gyrans Fr incarnata Lasch muscicola Fr. phacorrhiza Fr. translucens B. & Br, XEROTUS Fr degener Fr . 304 . 304 . 306 . 305 . 306 . 306 . 305 . 305 . 305 . 304 . 306 . 161 . 161 PRINTED BY WILLIAM BLACK WOOD AND SONS.