UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES

• EX LIBRIS

ueorge Morgan F.RCSE

BEITISH FUNGUS-FLOKA.

BRITISH

FUN&US-FLOBA.

A CLASSIFIED TEXT-BOOK OF MYCOLOGY.

GEOBGE MASSEE,

AUTHOR OF "PLAKT LIFE," "TUB PLANT WOULD," ETC.

IN THREE VOLUMES.
VOL. II.

LONDON:

GEORGE BELL & SONS, YORK ST., COVENT GARDEN,

AND NEW YORK.

1893.

PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED,
STAMFORD STREET AND CHASING CKO.3S.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

Ochrosporae .• 1

Paxillus . . . . . . . , . . . . 4

Cortinarius . . .... . . . . .12

Crepidotus ........... 116

Tubaria . ... 121

Fkmniula . . . . . 126

Galera . . . .143

Naucoria ........... 151

Hebeloma . 169

Inocybe ""..". . . -180

Bolbitiua . 203

Pluteolus . . . '. 208

Pholiota . . . . . . . . 209

Acetabularia 232

Rhodosporae 234

Claudopus 235

Eccilia . . . . .238

Clitopilus ' 243

Leptonia 249

Nolanea . . . . . '. . . :. .256

Entoloma 267

Platens 283

Volvaria . . , . . 292

Leucosporae 298

Scbizophyllum . . . ' 302

Trogia . . . - 803

473167

CONTEXTS.

Lenzites
Xerotus
Panus

307

Lentinus . . . 311

Cantharellus 818

Nyctalis . . ' v. ..-..',: . '.» ', . • • 329

Hygrophorus ......-••• i5<:

Pleurotus

3G3

Omphalia .

Clitocybe • • •;...•

Laccavia ' • • • ^42

LIST OF FIGURES.

Bolbitiua apicalis .
Cantharellus aurantiacus
Claudopus depluens
Clitocybe erieetorum .
Clitopilus prunulus
Cortinarius albo-violaceua
Cortinarius decumbens
Cortinarius obtusus
Cortinarius purpurascens
Cortinarius stillatitius .
Crepidotus calolepis
Eccilia carneo-grisea .
Entoloma placenta .
Entoloma prunuloides .
Flammula purpurata .
Galera tenera .
Hebeloma glutinosus .
Hygrophorus Wynniae.
Inocybe asteroapora
Inocybe scaber .

PAGE

3

Lactarius blennius .

PAGE

. 301

301

Lentinus tigrinus .

. 301

236

Lenzites flaceida

. 301

301

Leptouia aethiops .

. 236

236

Naucoria temulenta

. 3

16

Nolunea pascua

. 236

16
16

Nyctalis asterophora .
Omphalia telmatiaea .

. 301
. 301

16

Panus stypticus

. 301

16

Pholiota mutabilis .

. 3

3

Pleurotus gadinoides .

. 301

236 1

Pluteus pellitus. . . .

. 236

236 |

Pluteolus reticulatus .

. 3

236 !

Schizophyllum commune .

. 301

3 I

Tro^iu crispa

301

3

Tubaria furfuracea

. 3

3

Volvaria temperata

. 236

301 !

Volvaria volvacea .

. 236

3 '

Xerotus degener

. 301

FUNGUS-FLORA.

OCHROSPORAE.

THE colour of the spores ranges in the various genera from
pale dingy ochraceous, through bright ochre, to rusty-orange
and ferruginous. In form the spores are either elliptical and
symmetrical ; elliptical, but oblique or pip-shaped, and either
smooth or minutely rough or granular. In some species
of Inocybe the spores are irregularly globose and coarsely
nodulose or warted.

The simplest forms are either resupinate, or sessile and
attached by the margin; and from this condition there is
a, sequence through the central-stemmed forms, having
decurrent, adnate, adnexed, and free gills respectively. In
Pholiota there is a distinct interwoven ring on the stem, and
in the large genus Cortinarius the secondary veil consists of
fine cobweb-like hyphae from the first, which form a very
imperfect zone round the stem, and also frequently hang in
shreds from the margin of the pileus.

ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA.

A. Gills separating spontaneously or very easily from the
flesh of the pileus.

Paxillus. — Margin of pileus persistently involute.

B. Gills not separating spontaneously nor easily from the
flesh of the pileus.

f Universal veil cobweb-like, distinct from the cuticle of
the pileus.

VOL. II. B

2 FUNGUS-FLORA.

CJortinarius. — Stem fleshy, continuous with the flesh of
the pileus ; gills soon powdered with the ochraceous
or ferruginous spores.

•j-f Universal veil never cobweb-like.
* Stem excentric or absent.

Crepidotus. — Fungi growing on wood.
** Stem central.
§ Stem without volva and without ring.

Tubaria. — Gills decurrent ; stem cartilaginous.

Flammula. — Gills decurrent or adnate; stem fleshy, not
cartilaginous,

Galera. — Stem cartilaginous ; margin of pileus straight at
first ; gills adnexed or adnate.

Naucoria. — Stem cartilaginous ; margin of pileus incurved
at first ; gills adnexed or adnate.

Hebeloma. — Stem fleshy, not cartilaginous ; cuticle of
pileus glabrous, viscid ; gills sinuato-adnexed.

FIGUEES ILLUSTRATING THE OCHKOSPORAE.

Fig. 1, Crepidotus calolepis, upper surface ; nat. size ; — Fig. 2, under
surface of same; nat. size;— Fig. 3, section of same; nat. size; — Fig. 4r
section of Tubaria furfuracea, nat. size, a small specimen; — Fig. 5,
Galera tenera ; nat. tize of a small specimen ; — Fig. 6, section of same ;
nat. size ; — Fig. 7, Pluteolus reiiculatus ; section ; nat. size of a small
specimen ; — Fig. 8, Naucoria temulenta, one-third nat. size ; — Fig. 9r
section of same ; half nat. size ; — Fig. 10, Pholiota mutabilis, nat. size ; —
Fig. 11, Inocybe scaber ; one- third nat. size; — Fig. 12, section of same;
one-third nat. size; — Fig. 13, spores of eame, X 400; — Fig. 14, spores of
Inocybe asterospora, X 300; — Fig. 15, Flammula purpurata, half nat.
size; — Fig. 16, Hebeloma glutinosus ; section half nat. size; — Fig. 17,
spores of same, x 300 ; — Fig. 18, Bolbitius apicalig ; half nat. size ; —
Fig. 19, spores of same, X 300.

OCHROSPORAE.

B 2

4 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Inocybe. — Stem fleshy not cartilaginous ; cuticle of pileus
fibrillose or silky ; gills sinuato-adnexed.

Bolbitius. — Pileus membranaceous ; gills soon deliques-
cent.

Pluteolus.— Gills free.

§§ Stem furnished with a volva or ring.

Pholiota. — Ring present ; volva absent.
Acetabularia. — Volva present, ring absent.

PAXILLUS. Fries.

Pileus symmetrical, excentric, or conchiform ; margin invo-
lute, more or less fleshy; stem central, excentric, lateral, or
absent, expanding at the apex without differentiation into
the flesh of the pileus; gills decurrent, usually separated
from the flesh of the pileus by a thin differentiated horny or
cartilaginous layer, hence easily separated from the latter :
spores dirty white or pale ferruginous.

Paxillus, Fries, Gen. Hymen., p. 8 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 285.

The most pronounced characteristics of the present genus
are : the strongly involute pileus, the decurrent gills easily
removable from the flesh of the pileus, and the dingy or
ferruginous spores.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. LEPISTA. — Pileus entire, central ; spores dirty white
(rather ferruginous in P. panaeolus).

II. TAPIKIA. — Pileus usually excentric or resupinate ;
spores ferruginous.

PAXILLUS.

I. LEPISTA.

Paxillus lepista. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, flattened or depressed, dirty white,
or cream-colour, sometimes minutely cracked or scaly, margin
thin, even naked, strongly involute ; gills narrow, rather
crowded, decurrent, dingy white, then pale buff, easily sepa-
rating from the pileus ; stem 2-4 in. long, ^ in. or more thick,
solid, flesh compact white, dingy white or cream-colour, with
a separable cartilaginous cuticle that passes continuously
between the gills and the flesh of the pileus ; spores dingy,
broadly pyritbrm, 6 X 8 p..

Paxillus lepista, Fries, Hym. Ear., p. 402; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 285; Cke., Illustr., t. 872.

On the ground, usually in woods. Distinguished from
the large white species of Clitocybe by the strongly involute
margin of the pileus and the dingy gills and spores.

Stem solid, compact, spongy-elastic, at length hollow, due
to insect larvae, sometimes short, 1 in. or a little more,
attenuated downwards, sometimes 3—4 in. long, equal, base
always praemorse, | in. thick and more, whitish, sometimes
tinged rufous or brownish, base white, villose. Cuticle of
stem rather horny, contiguous with and similar to the
hymenophore. Pileus sometimes (young) compact, fleshy,
then (when old) thin, 3-4 in. and more broad, piano-depressed,
obtuse, not striate, but towards the margin torn into
squamules, dry, dirty white, the involute margin commonly
undulately flexuous. Flesh white. Gills deeply decurrent,
slightly branched, but simple at the base, 2-3 lines broad,
crowded, entire, dirty white becoming darker. Spores pallid
reddish brown. Smell like meal, rather rancid. (Fries.)

Paxillus Alexandri. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thick, compact, plane then
depressed, margin strongly involute, dry, unpolished, fawn-
colour or dingy yellowish-white, the margin when expanded
faintly striate ; gills decurrent, crowded, 1 line broad, honey-
colour; stem f-1 in. long, |-£ in. thick, solid, whitish;
spores pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4 /n."

Paxillus Alexandri, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 401 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 379; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1162.

6 FUNGUS-FLOEA

On the ground.

Very hard and compact. Almost exactly resembling a
small form of Lactarius vellereus, but known in the field by
the honey-coloured gills.

Allied to Paxillus sordarius, but at first sight almost exactly
resembling Paxillus involutus, stem about ^ in. long, but
above an inch thick, coalescing with moss downwards.
Pileus 2-3 in. broad, rarely more. Flesh yellowish- white ;
spores whitish. (Fries.)

Paxillus extenuatus. Fr.

Pileus H-3J in. across, rigid, disc very fleshy, becoming
quite thin towards the margin, campanulato-convex then
flattened, naked, glabrous, moist, brownish-tan, or yellowish-
tan, margin involute, pubescent, even ; gills deeply decurrent,
closely crowded, arcuate, about 2 lines broad, white then
mouse-colour ; stem 1|— 2 in. long, 3—5 lines thick, elastic,
fibrous, tough, glabrous, solid, ending in a tuberous rooting

Panaeolus extenuatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 316; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 285 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 873. ?

Grassy places in fir woods, &c.

The mycelium at the base of the stem adheres to the soil
and forms a tuber. Cooke's figure quoted above has the gills
yellowish white.

Stem solid, spongy within, fibrous outside and tough,
rather horny, elastic, conico-el on gated and rather clavate
when young, then more equal, 1^-2 in. long, ^ in. thick,
glabrous, pallid, base incrassated and rooting, binding the
humus into a large bulb. Pileus fleshy, disc compact, rest
thin, even, glabrous, moist, at first convex, gibbous, then
expanded, obtuse, cracking, l|-3 in. broad, clay-colour or
brownish clay-colour. Margin at first involute, downy, at
length expanded, very rigid and fragile. Flesh watery,
white, rigid, not a line thick except at the disc, splitting ;
gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, crowded, linear, very narrow,
whitish. (Fries.)

Paxillus panaeolus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane,
becoming rather depressed, glabrous, moist, whitish, margin

PAXILLUS. 7

thin, involute ; gills slightly decunent, crowded about 1 line
broad, at length watery ferruginous; stem 1-1 i in. long,
2-3 lines thick, fibrillosely striate, thickened downwards,
rufescent, stuffed ; spores subglobose, pale ferruginous, 5 p.
diameter.

Paxillus panaeolus, Fries, Monogr., pp. 117 and 310; Cke.,
Ildbk., p. 286 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 874A.

On the ground in pine woods, &c.

Smaller and more slender than Paxillus extenuatus. Flesh
becoming blackish. Gills separated from the flesh of the
pileus by a cartilaginous line. (Fries.)

Subgregarious ; at first entirely dirty-white without and
within, then becoming yellowish; gills at length watery-
cinnamon. Stem fleshy, stuffed, 1 in. or more long, 3 lines
thick, striato-fibrillose, thickened downwards. Pileus fleshy,
rather compact, convex, then expanded and subdepressed,
even, glabrous, moist, with drop-like markings, 1-2 in.
broad, margin thin, villous, involute. Gills rather decur-
rent; crowded, narrow, subvenose at the base, separated
from the flesh of the pileus by a horny line. Spores watery
ferruginous. (Fries.)

Far. spilomaeus. Fries.

Pileus spotted, as with drops, and like the slender stem,
white then yellowish. Gills watery ferruginous1, horny-
grey at the base. '$* '

In pine woods.

Paxillus orcelloides. Cke. & Mass.

Pileus 1-1^ in. across, flesh very thin, white, convex then
flattened, but with the margin persistently, incurved,
minutely silky, shining, snow-white at first, becoming-
stained with greyish blotches ; gills adnato - decurrent,
crowded, 1J line broad, whitish then livid, at length dingy
yellowish-brown, separated from the flesh of the pileus by a
horny line; stem 1-1 1 in. long, 3 lines thick at the apex,
gradually tapering to the base, which is not more than
1 line thick, elastic, silky-fibrillose, solid, ochraceous ;
spores elliptical, pale dingy ochraceous, 8 X 4 p..

Paxillus (Lepista) orcelloides, Cke. and Massee, Grevillea,
vol. xvi. p. 46 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 874u.

Amongst grass.

8 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Scattered. Allied to Paxillus panaeolus, rather larger, and
stem constantly tapering from apex to base ; the spores alone
separate the two.

Paxillus lividus. Cooke.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, convex, at length slightly depressed
at the disc, margin slightly arched and incurved, dingy-
white, or livid ochraceous, opaque ; gills decurrent, arcuate,
almost crowded, 1| line broad, white; stem 3-4 in. long,
^ in. thick at the apex, attenuated downwards, white, fibril-
fose, stuffed then hollow, usually rather flexuous; flesh
nearly white; spores globose, 3-3 -5 /x, diameter, nearly
white.

Paxillus (Lepista) lividus, Cke., Grev., xvi. p. 45 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 286 ; Cke., Illustr. t. 861.

In woods. Usually in small clusters.

Closely allied to Paxillus revolutus, but distinguished by
the absence of any tinge of violet on the pileus or stem, and
by the persistently white gills. Indications of rather coarse
longitudinal striae are present on the stem in all Cooke's
figures.

Paxillus revolutus. Cooke.

Pileus 1-1 J *n- across, convex, obtuse, pale ochraceous,
slightly darker at the disc, margin thin, even, sometimes at
first tinged with violet, a little revolute ; gills very decur-
rent, H line broad, scarcely crowded, pallid then clay-
coloured ; stem 1-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick at the apex,
gradually attenuated downwards, paler than the pileus, often
tinted with violet at the base, solid ; spores globose, pale,
3 '5— 4 fj. diameter.

Paxillus (Lepista) revolutus, Cke., Grevillea, vol. xvi.
p. 45 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 287 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 862.

In fields.

Odour mealy. Allied to Paxillus lividus, but known by
the deeply decurrent, clay -coloured gills.

II. TAPINIA.

Paxillus paradoxus. Cooke.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, convex then expanded, sometimes
irregular or lobed, dry, densely tomentose, rufous-umber,

PAXILLUS. 9

often with a tinge of purple; flesh thick in the centre,
becoming very thin towards the margin, white, tinged
vinous below the cuticle; gills decurrent, distant, 2 lines
broad, connected by veins, pale then deep yellow, becoming
reddish when bruised ; stem |-1 in. long, 3-5 lines thick,
equal, attenuated below, or slightly bulbous, unequal,,
fibrillose, yellow, more or less stained with red, solid ; sporea
pip-shaped, pale yellow, 20-22 x 7-8 /x.

Paxillus paradoxus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 287 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 884.

Agaricus (Flammula^ paradoxus, Kalchbrenner, Fnng.
Hung., t. 16, f. 1 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 244.

On the ground.

Known at once by the dark- coloured, minutely velvety
pileus, and the bright yellow decurrent gills.

Paxillus involutus. Fr.

Pileus 3-6 in. across, fleshy, compact, convexo-plane then
depressed, almost glabrous, tawny-ochraceous, the involute
margin villose ; flesh pallid ; gills more or less decurrent,
2-3 lines broad, branched, anastomosing behind, dingy
ochraceous, becoming darker when bruised ; stem 1-2 in.
long, up to ^ in. thick, solid, firm, naked, paler than the
pileus.

Paxillm involutut, Fries, Epicr., p. 317; Cke., Hdbk._
p. 287 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 875.

Agaricus involutus, Batsch, Consp., f. 61.

On the ground.

Commonly large, stout, pileus villose near the strongly
involute margin, with the gills anastomosing and forming
irregular pores near the base, and becoming darker when
touched, distinguish the species. (Fries.)

Pileus 2-3 in. broad, depressed in the centre, margin-
much rounded, involute and villose, yellowish or ochrey-
brown, very smooth when dry. Lamellae rather numerous,
sometimes simple, but mostly irregularly forked, brown-
yellow, somewhat decurrent. Stipes 2-3 in. long, solid,
firm, sometimes hollow in old plants, £-1 in. thick, brownish-
buff, frequently stained or spotted, often not central, and
incurved at the base. (Grev.)

10 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Var. excentricus, Fries.
Pileus excentric, stem short.
On trunks.

Paxillus leptopus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, excentric, gibbous, at length de-
pressed, torn into villose squamules, yellowish-brown, flesh
yellow ; . gills decurrent, simple, straight, very narrow,
yellowish, then darker, not becoming spotted when bruised ;
stem solid, very short, attenuated downwards, incurved,
rarely 1 in. long, flesh yellow ; spores pip-shaped, pale dingy
yellow, 8-9 X 5 /x.

Paxillus leptopus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 311 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 287 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 875.

Paxillus filamentosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 317.

On the ground and on stumps.

On the ground amongst fragments of pine wood. Ee-
sembling Paxillus involutus, but differing : (1) Stem very
short, scarcely reaching 1 inch, rather incurved, attenuated
downwards, yellow within. (2) Pileus always excentric or
lateral, at length depressed, but gibbous at the centre,
1^-3 in. broad, dry, densely tomentose, soon broken up into
densely compacted, villose, brown or yellowish squamules.
Thin flesh of the pileus and that of the stem, yellow.
Gills simple behind, decurrent, but not anastomosing,
straight, crowded, very narrow, yellowish, then becoming
•darker, but not becoming spotted when touched. Size and
form variable, smaller than P. involutus, commonly 2 in.
broad and high. (Fries.)

Paxillus atro-tomentosus. Fr.

Pileus 3-5 in. across, very fleshy and compact, more or less
excentric, gibbous then passing from plane to infundibuli-
form, dry, rivuloso-granulose, ferruginous, margin thin,
involute ; flesh white, tinged brown under the cuticle ; gills
adnato-decurrent, crowded, 2 lines broad, branched at the
base, yellowish tawny; stem about 1 in. long and thick,
ascending, rooting, covered except at the apex with a dense
blackish-umber velvety pile ; spores elliptical, pale yellowish,
5 x 2J-3 ft.

Paxillus atro-tomentosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 317; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 288; Cke., Illustr., pi. 876.

PAXILLUS. 11

In pine woods on trunks and on the ground. Commonly-
solitary.

Eobust, firm, often large ; usually solitary. Stem solid,
elastic, 2-3 in. long, £-1 in. thick, subequal, not tuberous,
curved, ascending, rooting, covered densely with umber-
black tomentum, which sometimes has a violet tinge. Pileus
compact, fleshy, excentric, plane then infundibuliform, some-
times entirely lateral and ascending, 2-4 in. and more broad,
dry, surface cracked into granules, sometimes tomentose,
ferruginous, form various. Gills adnate, hardly decurrent,
and appearing from their position, ascending, branched at
the base, rather anastomosing but not porose as in P.
involutes, crowded, 3 lines broad, yellowish, readily separating
from the grooved flesh of the pileus. Spores almost clay-
colour, paler than those of P. involutus. (Fries.)

Paxillus crassus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, oblique, almost plane, even, becoming
ferruginous ; flesh thin at the margin, thick at the centre
and passing insensibly into the stem, soft and spongy,
yellowish-brown ; gills decurrent, 2 lines broad, rather
distant, straight, not anastomosing, cinnamon ; stem ^— § in.
long, tapering downwards, excentric, ascending, stuffed,
coloured like the pileus ; spores elliptical, ferruginous,
15-18 x 7-8 fji.

Paxillus crassus, Fries, Epicr., p. 318 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 288 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 877.

On trunks, worked wood, &c.

The present species looks much more like a Flammula than
a Paxillus.

Paxillus panuoides. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, dimidiate, shell-shaped or fan-
shaped, minutely pubescent then almost smooth, sessile or
extended behind into a stem-like base, dingy yellow ; gills
decuvrent, crowded, branched, crisped or rugulose, yellow ;
flesh of pileus 2 lines thick, equal.

Paxillus panuoides, Fries, Epicr., p. 318; Cke., Hdbk., p.
288 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 878.

On pine and other wood, on sawdust, &c.

Very variable.

Very distinct from the preceding species in the pileus

12 FUNGUS-FLORA.

being sessile or extended behind ; at first sessile resnpinate,
soon shell-shaped, dimidiate, obovate, at length broadly ex-
panded, undulately lobed, often imbricated. Every part
dingy yellow. Size very variable, about l£ in. long. Surface
minutely pubescent, then glabrous, slightly rivulose. Flesh
equal, but thin. Gills decurrent to the base, anastomosing
behind, branched, crowded, crisped, yellow. In a small form
the gills radiate from an excentric point. (Fries.)

Far. fagi, Cooke.

Gregarious, crisped, pallid upwards, orange beneath ; gills
crisped, orange.

Paxillus panuoides, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., No. 1961.

On a beech stump.

Although described as a distinct species, we fail to detect
in the dried specimens, or in the spores, any specific dif-
ference from P. panuoides ; only the deeper colour of the
gills and different habit being manifest. (Cooke.)

COKTINAKIUS. Fries. (All figs, on p. 16.)

Pileus symmetrical, flesh thick or membranaceous ; stem
central, flesh continuous with that of the pileus ; veil cob-
web-like or silky-fibrillose, not interwoven to form a mem-
brane, distinct from the cuticle of the pileus and superficial,
not forming a distinct ring on the stem, but frequently
remaining as a silky or fibrillose zone ; gills persistent, dry,
pulverulent, often violet at first, finally ferruginous or bright
cinnamon from the spores.

Cortinarius, Fries, Epicr., p. 255 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 236.

One of the most natural of genera belonging to the
Agariciuae, but at the same time difficult to define in words.
The most marked features are the cobweb-like or spidery
veil and the bright ferruginous spores. The gills are dry
and thin, the mode of attachment various, free, sinuate and
adnexed, adnate, and sometimes with a decurrent tooth, but
rarely truly decurrent. When young, the gills are often
more or less tinged with purple or blue, as is also the stem,
and in fact in many species every part of the fungus is more
or less tinged with purple or blue when young, this colour,
however, usually disappearing at maturity.

COETINARIUS. 13

Cortinarius is most nearly allied to Flammula, but in the
latter genus most of the species grow on wood, the gills are
often truly decurrent, and the spores are not bright ferru-
ginous.

All the species of Cortinarius grow on the ground, mostly
iii woods, or amongst grass under trees.

The most natural of the genera of the Agaricinae, but not
easily defined by artificial characters. The veil and gills
afford the principal marks of distinction. Gills usually
becoming cinnamon-colour. Eare or wanting in hot coun-
tries, but generally abundant in northern woods. All are
aiitumnal. The appearance is very different at different
stages of growth, and also depending upon the amount of
moisture present. It is necessary, therefore, to examine
species in both the young and old stage. Some species of
Flammula resemble them, but are not likely to be confounded
with them. (Fries.)

ANALYSIS OF THE SUBGENEBA OF COETINAEIUS.

I. PHLEGMACJUM. Fries, Epicr., p. 256.

Partial veil cobweb-like. Pileus viscid, equally fleshy,
stem firm, dry.

II. MYXACIUM. Fries, Epicr., p. 273.

Pileus and stem both viscid ; flesh of pileus rather thin ;
the viscidity of the scarcely bulbous stem due to the
glutinous universal veil ; gills adnate or decurrent.

III. INOLOMA. Fries, S. M., i. p. 216.

Pileus equally fleshy, not viscid, dry, not hygrophanous,
covered at first with innate, silky, fibrillose squamules.
Veil simple. Stem fleshy, rather bulbous.

IV. DEEMOCYBE. Fries, Epicr., p. 283.

Flesh of pileus thin and equal, watery or coloured when
znoist ; dry, not viscid nor hygrophanous, at first villous
from an innate silkiness, but glabrous when adult; stem

14 FUNGUS-FLOEA.

equal or attenuated, rigid externally, elastic or fragile,
stuffed then hollow. Veil simple, fibrillose (in C. caninus
forming a zone round the stem).

V. TELAMONIA. Fries, S. M., i. p. 210.

Pileus hygrophanous, moist, at first glabrous or sprinkled
with the whitish superficial fibrils of the veil, flesh either
equally thin, or when thick, becoming abruptly thin towards
the margin (not equally attenuated), splitting. Stem either
annulate or peronately squamulose below from the universal
veil, apex rather cortinate above, hence with a double veil.

VI. HYGROCYBE. Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 93.

Pileus glabrous or covered with superficial white fibrils,
moist "when growing but not viscid, becoming pale in colour
when dry ; flesh very thin, or scissile, disc rarely more com-
pact. Stem rather rigid, not peronate ; veil thin, fibrillose,
rarely collapsing and forming an irregular zone round the
stem.

Subgen. HYGEOCYBE.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. FlRMIORES.

Pileus rather fleshy, convex or campanulato-convex then
expanded, obtuse or at length gibbous, margin at first
incurved. . Stem (in most cases) attenuated upwards.

* Stem and veil white.

** Stem and gills usually violet.

(In certain species of the previous section the stem shows*
an evanescent tinge of violet at the apex.)

-***

Stem and imperfect veil yellow or rufous.

**** Stem becoming dusky, veil pallid, dingy, or white
(not yellow) ; gills dark.

CORTINARIUS. 15

II. TENUIORES.

Pileus almost membranaceous, conical then expanded,
umbonate, umbo acute, rarely obtuse or indistinct (in the
contrary ratio in Firmiores) ; margin straight at first. Stem
almost equal or attenuated towards the base.

* Stem white.

** Stem violet or reddish.

*** Stem yellowish, usually growing pale.

**** Stem growing dusky.

Subgen. HYGROCYBE. Fr.

Firmiores. Pileus rather fleshy, margin incurved when
young.

* Stem and veil white.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) firmus. Fr.

Pileus about 3 in. across, truly and equally fleshy as in
the subgenus Inoloma, convexo-plane, obtuse, firm, even,
glabrous, shining, dry, scarcely viscid when moist, not
bibulo-hygrophanous, tawny-ochraceous, unchangeable ; flesh
not splitting, white ; gills emarginate, crowded, thin, but
brown, almost the colour of the pileus, quite entire ; stem
3 in. long, about £ in. thick, naked, firm, rather elastic, base
clavate or rather "bulbous, rarely equal, solid, white; veil
fibrillose, white, fugacious.

Cortinarius (Hygr.} firmus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 93 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 274 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 792.

Grassy places in mixed woods. Known from allies
(G. subferrugineus, &c.), by the clear colour of the pileus
and white stem. (Fries.)

The veil and fibrils of the stem become at length
ferruginous.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) subferrugineus. Fr.
Pileus about 3 in. across, unequally fleshy, disc abruptly
compact, convex then expanded, obtuse, often flexuous, firm

16

FUNGUS-FLORA.

CORTIXARIUS. 17

but not rigid, even, glabrous, ferruginous or watery cinnamon,
more or less hygrophanou-8, when dry tawny, shining, or
becoming pale ; flesh splitting, dingy, pale ochraceous ; gills
very emarginate, 3 lines broad, more or less crowded, at first
pale, soon water}-, then dingy ferruginous; stem in the
typical form solid, more or less bulbous, attenuated upwards;
adpre&sedly fibrillose, externally rigid, subcartilaginous,
pallid, soft within and dull orange at the base; amongst
heaps of rotten pine leaves, stout, very much inflated, spongy ;
size variable, usually 3 in. long, ^ in. thick ; veil entirely
fibrillose, marginal only, not peronate, very fugacious, spores
8-10 x 5-6 /i.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) subferrugineus, Fries, Monogr., ii.
p. 93; Oke., Hdb'k., p. 274; Cke., Illustr., pi. 808.

On the ground amongst leaves, &c., smell and taste
unpleasant.

There are many forms distinct so far as colour is concerned,
but difficult to describe. Distinguished from C. armeniacus
in the opaque colour ; fleshy, obtuse pileus, the stem not
being elastic, and in the veil not collapsing. Differs from
C. bicelus in the simple veil, smooth hygrophanous pileus,
(watery ferruginous when moist, becoming ferruginous-tan,
when dry.) (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) armeniacus. Fr.
Pileus 2-4 in. across, rigid, rather fleshy, flesh-coloured

ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE GENUS CORTINARIUS.

Fig. 1, Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) purpurascens, Fr., entire fungus,
bowing the cobweb-like veil and the rnarginate bulb of the stem ; about
me-third nat. size ; — Fig 2, sei-t'ou of same, showing the fleshy pileus ;
me-tliird nat. size; — Fig. 3, Curtinarins(Myxacium)i<tillutitiut,Vr.; about
me-third nat. size ; — Fig. 4, section of eame ; one-third nat. size ; — Fig. 5,
'ortinarius (Hydrocybe) obtusu*. Fr. ; one-third nat. size ; — Fig. 6, section
of same ; one-third nat. size ; — Fig. 7, Cortinar.us(Inoloma) albo-violaceu*,
Fr. ; about one-third nat. size ; — Fig. 8, section of same ; one-third nnt.
MZC; — Fig. 9, Cortinarius (Telamonia), gentilis,Fr.; one-third nat. size;
— Fig. 10, Cortinarius (Dermocybe) dtcumbens, Fr. ; one-third nat. size; —
Fig. 11, section of same; one-third nat. size;— Fig. HA, spores of same;
X -100;— Fig. 12, basidium and spores of Cortinarius (Inoloma) albo-
riolaceus, Fr. ; x 400 ;— Fig. 13, spor.s of Cortinarius (Hy<1rocylx)Mu8usr
Fr. ; X 400 ; — Fig. 14, spores of Cortinarius (Phlegma<:iuin) purpurascens,
Fr. ; x 400.

VOL. II. C

18 FUNGUS-FLORA.

like the pileus, splitting; campanulate, convex, then
expanded, broadly and obtusely umbonate, even, glabrous,
not viscid, tawny-cinnamon when moist, ochraceous when
dry, margin faintly striate here and there ; gills adnate, at
length slightly rounded, always crowded, rather broad, at
first pallid then tawny cinnamon, shining ; stem usually
2—3 in. long, ^ in. thick, fibrillose, rigid and rather cartila-
ginous outside, stuffed and spongy within, hence elastic,
every part white, conico-attenuated ; when growing on
rotten heaps of leaves in moist places, the stem is much
inflated, amongst damp moss it is longer and more slender;
spores elliptical, 8-9 x 5 ft-

Qortinarius (Hygrocybe) armeniacns, Fries, Monogr., ii.
p. 94 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 274 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 793.

In woods, especially of pine.

Firm, bright, changeable, gills thin, at length shining.
"White fibrils of the pileus soon vanishing, flesh readily
splitting, ochraceous when dry. (Fries.)

Pileus 2-4 in. broad, campanulate, soon convex, expanded,
sometimes acutely umbonate, margin thin, patent, moist, not
viscid ; when dry tan, inclining to light red. Gills distinct,
2-3 lines broad, when young watery cinnamon. Stem 2-3
in. high, 2 lines to 2 in. thick, rather soft, sometimes above,
conic or subequal ; veil rather woven. (Fries.)

Far. falsarius, Fries,.

Pileus yellow, white when dry.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) damascenes. Fr.

Pileus about 3 in. across, firm, flesh of disc thick, at the
margin very thin ; convexo-plane, orbicular, obtuse or very
obtusely umbonate, even, almost glabrous, usually torn into
minute squamules when dry, cinnamon-bay, disc often
darker; gills adnate, rather distant, thin, distinct, narrowest
in front, opaque, pale cinnamon; stem 3 in. long, J- in. thick,
exactly cylindrical, and equal, hard, elastic, fibrilfose, white,
solid ; veil fibrillose, white, fugacious ; spores elliptical,
12 x 6 p.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) damascenus, Fries, Monogr., ii.
p. 95; Fries, Hyrn. Eur., p. 387; Cke., Hdbk., p. 274;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 856.

In meadows and pastures.

COKTINARIUS. 19

Subcaespitose ; taste acrid. Pileus broadly gibbous, disc
sometimes bay ; cuticle rigid, torn up into granules when
dry. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) privignus. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, slightly and unequally fleshy,
convex then expanded, sometimes reflexed and undulate,
obtusely umbonate, not striate, dry, but remarkably hygro-
plianous, fundamental colour brown, but pale and hoary from
the remains of the very thin white veil, pale tan when dry ;
gills adnate, broad, not crowded, distinct, at first watery,
then opaque cinnamon, margin serrated and albo-fimbriate
in a perfect condition ; stem about 3 in. long, 3 lines thick,
often twisted, sometimes attenuated from the base, at others
equal, pale, silvery, here and there silky- white from the veil ;
spores 8 X 5 ft.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) privignus, Fries, Epicr., p. 304 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 827; Cke., Hdbk., p. 275.

Damp places in pine woods.

Yery fragile, scented, but scarcely acrid. Gills rather
broad, at first with a slight flesh-coloured tinge, with no
tinge of violet ; there is in rare instances a fugacious violet
tinge at the apex of the stem. With the habit of Cortinarius
(Inoloma^ malachius. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) duracinus. Fr.

Pileus 1|-2|- in. across, rather fleshy, thin, convex then
plane, gibbous, glabrous, pale tan-colour, opaque ; gills
adnate, 3 lines broad, rather crowded, thin, watery cinna-
mon; stem 1^-2J in. long, £ in. or more at the thickest
part, rigid, unequal, more or less ventricose at or below the
middle, ending in a tapering, rooting bas^, whitish, silky, as
is also the incurved margin of the pileus from the veil,
glabrous, stuffed ; spores 5 x 3 /*.

Cortinarius (Hyc/roci/be) duracinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 304 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 275 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 809.

On the ground, especially in woods.

Eemarkable, becoming pale, rigid, cuticle of pileus and
stem hard. Stem sometimes bulbous with a fusiform root,
sometimes entirely fusiform, even, cuticle separable. The

c 2

20 FUNGUS-FLORA.

extreme half-line of the pileus sharply incurved, and with a
raised zone near the margin. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) illuminus. Fr.

Pileus 1^-3 in. across, rather fleshy, convexo-plane,
gibbous, glabrous, pale brick-red or reddish-tan, margin
thin ; gills adnate, rather distant, about 2 lines broad, pallid
then cinnamon ; stem 2-4 in. long, 3-5 lines thick at the
base, attenuated upwards, silky fibrous, pallid becoming
ferruginous; imperfectly hollow; veil white; spores fer-
ruginous, elliptical, 11-12 x 6-7 /JL.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) illuminus, Fries, Epicr., p. 305 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 275; Cke., Illustr., pi. 841.

In pine woods.

Separated by slight features, hence difficult to distinguish
from Cortinarius subferrugineus, C. armeniacus, and C. balaus-
tinus. Stem soft, almost hollow, 3-4 in. long, 3-5 lines
thick, attenuated upwards, silky-fibrillose, becoming fer-
ruginous, but pallid, inside and base white. Veil evident,
fibrillose. Pileus rather fleshy, obtusely umbonate, 2—3 in.
broad, even, under a lens slightly innato-fibrillose, virgate,
for the rest glabrous, reddish-tan when moist, paler when
dry. Gills adnate, scarcely crowded, at first pallid (reddish-
tan), 2 lines, when adult 5 lines broad, cinnamon, base often
venose. A form occurs in beech woods with a yellowish-
white, stutfed stem, and the pileus more distinctly tawny-
cinnamon ; another form in pine woods has the stem elongated
and twisted almost as in C. tortuosus. (Fries.)

Coitinarius (Hygr.) tortuosus. Fr.

Pileus 1^-2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex, rather gibbous,
even, shining, ferruginous-bay or brick-red ; gills adnate,
crowded, margin quite entire, tawny, becoming blood-red
when bruised; stem 3—4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal,
rigid, rather twisted, silvery, imperfectly hollow ; spores
elliptic-oblong, ferruginous, 15-16 x 8 /*.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) tortuosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 305;
Cke., Illu-str., pi. 857 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 275.

In damp pine and other woods.

Stem sometimes short, usually elongated and much twisted,
rooting, apex at first tinged with violet. Easily distinguished

CORTINARIUS. 21

by the shining tawny gills becoming blood-red when bruised.
(Fries.)

In the British specimens, collected at Scarborough, the
pilous also became blood-red or purplish when bruised.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) dilutus. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, slightly fleshy, convex then
expanded, umbonate, umbo small, often disappearing, glabrous
when the veil is removed, bay-brown to pale brick -red when
moist, tan when dry, opaque in both conditions ; gills deeplv
emarginate, deeply ventricose, 3-4 lines broad, crowded,
pale cinnamon, not shining ; stem 2—3 in. long, 2—4 lines
thick, slightly attenuated from the base, not cartilaginous
and polished, white-silky, then becoming glabrous, opaque,
whitish, stuffed then hollow ; veil white, often remaining in
patches or forming a spurious zone on the stem, and remain-
ing as a white silky zone near the margin of the pileus ;
spores elliptical, 6 X 4 p..

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) dilutus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 98 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 276 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 810.

Agaricus dilutus, Bolton, t. 10.

In woods.

Inodorous. Every part soft and fragile, by which the
present species is known from the much more robust Cort.
armeniacus, with which it agrees in colour, for which reason
it was at one time mistaken for a thin form of that species.
(Fries.)

** Stem and gills usually becoming violet.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) saturninus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, very thin
•elsewhere, campanulate then expanded, glabrous, moist,
dark bay or brick-red, becoming discoloured, silky-white
at the margin from the fibrillose veil ; gills adnexed, thin,
crowded, purplish then watery ferruginous, about 2 lines
broad ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, almost equal, base
incrassated, even, deep violet then whitish, stuffed, v<.il
inferior, distinctly fibrillose, whitish.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) saturninus, Fries, Epicr., p. 300 ;
€ke., Hdbk., p. 27G ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 828.

22 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

In grassy places. Odour faint.

Evidently allied to Cortinarius armeniacus, and when old
and decoloured the two are easily confounded. Subcaespi-
tose, odour weak. Stem firm, stuffed, spongy within, in-
crassated downwards, 2-3 in. long, |-1 in. thick, sometimes
shorter and bulboso-ventricose, fibrillose, saturated violet,
but becoming whitish. Veil inferior, copious, white. Pileus
unequally fleshy, campanulate when young, then expanded,
obtuse, 2-3 or even 4-5 in. broad, even, glabrous, or when
young superficially silky near the margin from the veil;
dark bay or almost umber, soon becoming dry and brick-red,
losing colour very much. Flesh violet becoming whitish,
thin at the margin. Gills rounded behind, adfixed, very
broad (4 lines) crowded, thin, fragile, purplish when young,
at length watery ferruginous. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) imbutus. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy in the centre, very thin else-
where, convex, obtuse, glabrous, yellowish tan, becoming
pale when dry, slightly fibrillose towards the margin ; gills
adnate, rather distant, about 4 lines broad, greyish- violet
then cinnamon ; stem 2—3 in. long, \ in. or more thick,
equal, even, whitish, apex tinged with violet, solid; spores
pale ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 p..

Cortinarius (Eygrocybe) imbutus, Fries, Epicr., p. 306 j
Cke., Hdbk,, p. 276 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 870.

In woods.

Stem solid, equal, 3 in. long, not an inch thick, sometimes
twisted, even, scarcely fibrillose, whitish, apex dilute violet,
same colour within. Veil white, adhering to the margin of
the pileus and to the stem, fugacious. Pileus almost equally
fleshy, convex, obtuse, 3 in. broad, even, glabrous, hoary-
fibrillose towards the margin, tan-colour then yellowish-red.
Gills rounded behind, rather distant, 3 lines broad, at first
dark grey or greyish- violet, never with a purple tinge, then
watery cinnamon. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) castaneus. Bull.
Pileus about 1| in. across, rather fleshy but firm, almost
tough, campanulate then expanded, sometimes obtusely
uinl.onate, often irregular, even, glabrous, brownish-chestnut,

CORTINAEIUS. 23

scarcely paler when dry, but shining, umbo becoming
blackish, paler towards the margin ; gills adnate but some-
times emarginate, crowded, thin, 2-3 lines broad, edge
whitish, colour at first either purple-violet or ferruginous,
ferruginous when adult in either case; stem about 1 in.
long, 2-3 lines broad, tough, cartilaginous outside, slightly
fibrillose from the veil, otherwise glabrous, even, almost
equal, violet or pallid-red, not changing when dry, imper-
fectly hollow; veil entirely fibrillose, scanty, white, from
which the pileus has a white, silky zone ruund the margin ;
spores obscure ferruginous.

Agaricus (Hygrocybe) castaneus, Fries, Mon., ii. p. 99; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 842 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 276.

Agaricus castaneus, Bull., Champ., t. 263.

Grassy places in woods, pastures, &c. Gregarious or
caespitose, always small.

A larger, solitary form occurs, having the pileus up to
2 in. across, umbilicate, gills less crowded. (Fries.)

Gregarious. Pileus 1 in. or more broad, subcarnose, at
first obtuse with a delicate fibrillose veil which makes the
margin appear silvery, dark-bay or dirty- violet, sometimes
with a tawny tint, soon expanded, broadly umbonate, umbo
more or less obtuse. Gills of the colour of the pileus, or
purplish-umber, at length subferruginous, ventricose, adnate.
Stem 1J in. high, 2 lines thick, beautifully fibrilloso and
white from the veil beneath, much paler than the pileus, but
with more or less of the same tint, sometimes tinged with
violet. Odour none ; taste like that of A. oreades. Eatable.
When growing on wood it is conical and more tawny.
(Berk.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) bicolor. Cooke.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then
expanded, broadly, or occasionally rather acutely umbonate,
somewhat fragile, dingy whitish, with an occasional tinge
of lilac, even, smooth, silky, shining, flesh thin, colour of
the pileus, or paler; gills adnate, with a tooth, 3-4 lines
broad, rather ventricose, slightly erected at the edge, rather
broad, scarcely crowded, purplish-violet, then cinnamon ;
stem about 2 in. long, £ in. thick, equal or attenuated down-
wards, often curved, pallid violet, becoming whitish, solid;

24 FUNGUS-FLORA.

veil fugacious, white; spores elliptical, a little attenuated
towards one or both ends, 12-14 x 6-7 /x.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) bicolor, Cke., Grevillea, xvi. p. 45 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 277 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 871, also pi. 820, f. u,
(as Cortinarius quadricolor^)

On the ground in mixed woods.

Flesh of stem bright and purplish-violet at the base,
pallid above. (Cooke.)

*** Stem and imperfect veil yellow or rufous.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) balaustinus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2^ in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse,
moist, virgate with innate fibrils, glabrous, rufous-ferrugi-
nous, tawny brick-red and shining when dry ; gills adnate,
broad behind, rather crowded, ferruginous-rufous; stem
about 3 in. long, conically attenuated upwards, fibrillosely
striate, pallid, then tawny-ferruginous externally and in-
ternally, solid ; spores obliquely elliptical, 8 x 4-5 /JL.

Cortinarius (Bygrocybe) balaustinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 307 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 277 ; Cke., Illustr., p". 794.

In beech woods, &c.

Size of Cort. subferruginous ; veil becoming rufous. Stem
often incurved. Gills quite entire, at first deep cinnamon.

In beech woods. Entirely rufous or rufo-ferruginous,
larger and more robust than other species of the subgenus.
Stem stuffed, clavato-bulbous, attenuated upwards, firm,
2-3 in. long, ^ in. thick, often curved, fibrillose, pale and
streaked with "rufous when young, ferruginous outside and
inside when adult. Pileus rather fleshy, convex then ex-
panded, 3 in. broad, obtuse, almost glabrous, but under a
lens minutely fibrillose- virgate, moist when fresh (but not
viscid), reddish-ferruginous, reddish-tawny when dry,
shining, the thin margin expanded. Gills aduate, rather
crowded, broad, quite entire, at length rather distant, rufous,
(ferruginous-red), very broad behind. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) colus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate when
young, then convex, obtusely umbonate or altogether obtuse,
symmetrical, rufous -brown, when dry paler, brick-red,

CORTIXARIUS. 25

shining ; flesh similarly coloured, dingy white when dry ;
gills adnate, scarcely sinuate, 3' lines broad, plane, firm,
tough, rather thick, not very crowded, veined, dark cin-
namon, paler when young ; stem 4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick
at the base, 2 lines at the apex, stiff", naked, not cartilaginous,
but every where remarkably longitudinally fibrillose, splitting,
the fibrils coloured like the pileus, base sometimes rooting,
encircled by blood-red mycelium ; veil entirely fibrillose,
tawny-red ; spores ochraceous, pip-shaped, 9 X 4 p..

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) coins, Fries, Mon., ii. p. 102 ; Cke.,
Htlbk., p. 277 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 795.

Jn pine woods.

Mycelium fiery-orange.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) isabellinus. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex, rather
nrnbonate, even, glabrous, yellowish ; when dry yellow and
shining; gills adnate, rather distant, broad but thin, at first
yellow then cinnamon-tan ; stem 4 in. long, 4 lines thick,
everywhere equal, very rigid and firm, partly hollow, dis-
tinctly striated, yellowish ; veil almost obsolete, yellowish ;
spores cinnamon, obliquely pip-shaped, minutely granular,
10 x 5 fji.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) isabellinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 103 ;
Cke., Hdbk. p. 278 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 829.

Jn dry pine woods.

Allied to C. coins, but more rigid and firm. Veil scanty,
very fugacious, yellow. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) renidens. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then plane,
gibbous, hygrophanous, glabrous, shining, tawny, ochraceous
when dry; gills adnexed, crowded, 2-3 lines broad, thin,
tawny; stem l|-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, firm,
glabrous, stuffed, yellow, as is also the fibrillose veil ; spores
elliptical, apiculate, 8-10 x 5 p.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) renidens, Fries, Epicr., p. 308 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 278 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 782.

In shady woods, Usually slightly clustered.

Nature and appearance is that of C. armeniacus, but smaller
and brighter coloured, and especially by the yellow veil,

26 FUNGUS-FLORA.

readily distinguished, stem firm, stuffed, li-2 in. long, 3-4
lines thick, exactly equal, rather cartilaginous outside,
entirely breaking up under pressure into fibrils, coloured
like the pileus, yellowish-pallid then tawny. Veil loosely
fibrillose, fugacious, yellow. Pileus slightly fleshy, firm,
convexo-plane, obtuse or gibbous, 1-2 in. broad, very glabrous,
shining, tawny-ferruginous when moist, ochraceous when
dry; disc often becoming pale. Flesh thin, splitting,
paler. Gills adnate, but- also receding and becoming free,
rather crowded, entire, broad at first pale cinnamon then
tawny. Spores dusky ochraceous. Smell weak, not at all
like radishes. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) angulosus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, very
obtuse, wavy, margin incurved when young, flexuous, even
glabrous, reddish-tawny, variegated with darker spots,
hygrophanous, tawny-ochraceous when dry, not shining ;
flesh firm, not splitting, yellowish-white ; gills adnate, rather
thick, rather distant, 3 lines and more broad, fragile, tawny,
edge entire, same colour ; stem 1^-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
equal, striate, tawny, twisted, stuffed then hollow ; veil very
fugacious, tawny.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe] anyiilosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 308 ;
Cke., Hdbk., 379 ;' Cke., Illustr. Suppl., t. 1178.

On the ground in fir woods.

Far. gracilescens. Fries, Mon., i. p. 104. Stem hollow,
3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, base almost attenuated, also tor-
tuous ; pileus rather fleshy.

Amongst moss in pine woods.

-**** giem dusky, veil pallid, dingy, or white; gills dark.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) uraceus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, slightly fleshy, conical then carn-
panulate, at length expanded, obtusely umbonate ; moist,
even, glabrous, umber or brown, sometimes with an olive
tinge, rather shining, when dry (brick-red when young)
commonly tan or dirty pale ochraceous, at length rather
fibrillose. Flesh brown, darker in the stem. Gills adnate,
ventricose, firm, 3 lines and more broad, distant, cinna-

CORTINARIUS. 27

mon-brown, edge sometimes quite entire and concolorous,
sometimes fimbriato-serrate, and white. Stem 2-4 in. long,
2-4 lines thick, cylindrical, exactly equal, firm, fibrilloso-
striate (striae paler), but becoming even, brown, apex naked,
becoming pale, sometimes with an olive shade, at length
everywhere blackish-brown, same colour inside ; spores pip»
shaped, granulated 8-9 x 4 p.

Cortinarius uraceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 309 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
278 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 796.

In pine woods.

Extreme margin of pileus incurved. Veil superior, fibril-
lose, brown, but rarely conspicuous. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) jubarinus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then
flattened, obsoletely umbonate, in the larger forms, and when
old, depressed at the centre, often repand and undulate, at
length reflexed, fragile, brilliant tawny cinnamon, shining,
disc even, glabrous, when young silky at the margin from
the veil (not velvety-villose as in G. cinnamomeus), when old
innato- fibrillose under a lens, net very hygrophanous, and
very shiny when dry ; gills adnate, rather distant, 1—3 lines
broad, distinct, tawny-cinnamon, edge quite entire, same
colour ; stem 2 in. long, £ in. thick, 2-3 lines in small
specimens, at first stuffed then hollow, fibrilloso-striate, pale
tawny without and within, base and naked apex paler ;
spores 10 X 5 ft.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) jubarinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 105 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 279 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 797.

In pine woods, on pine leaves, &c.

At first sight closely resembling C. cinnamomeus, but
differs in the white, fibrillose, very fugacious veil. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) pateriformis. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, orbicular, plane
then depressed, very obtuse, rigid, dry, even, glabrous,
chestnut-brown, at first silky- white near the margin from
the veil; flesh pallid; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth,
crowded, thin, plano-convex, brick-red or watery cinnamon ;
stem 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, rather firm, straight,
fibrillose, becoming brownish, base downy, white, hollow ;
ring fibrillose, fugacious.

28 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) pateriformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 310 ;
Fries, Hon., ii. p. 106; Cke., Hdbk., p. 279; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 858.

Amongst grass, in woods, &c.

A larger form occurs in pine woods, having the pileus
convexo-plane, 2 in. broad, slightly pilose under a lens,
thick, fragile, brown, when dry truly silvery and shining.
(Fries.)

The larger form mentioned by Fries is the one figured by
Cooke.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) unimodus. Britz.

Pileus about 1 in. across, campanulate then expanded,
obtusely umbonate, usually depressed round the umbo,
margin arched and rather incurved then straight, smooth,
shining, rufous-brown ; flesh rather thick except at the
margin, dingy; gills rounded behind, adnexed, distant,
ventricose, 2 lines or more broad, brown; stem 2—3 in. long,
2-3 lines thick, equal, lax, fibrous, brown below, pale above,
hollow ; veil whitish, fugacious ; spores elliptical, 10-12 x
6 p.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) unimodus, Britzelmayr, Hym. Sudb.,
iv. f. 131 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 279 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 359.

In grassy places.

The diagnoses by Britzelmayr are so meagre that his
species can only be conjectured. (Cooke.)

Tenuiores. Flesh very thin, pileus acutely umbonate, margin
straight at first.

* Stem white.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) dolabratus. Fr.
Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thin, fragile, campanulate then
convex, obtuse, for the most part glabrous, superficially silky
near the margin, even, brick-colour, when dry even and tan-
colour ; gills entirely adnate with a decurrent tooth, very
broad behind, up to 1 in. broad, rather thick, distant, distinct,
tawny-cinnamon ; stem 4-6 in. long, |—| in. thick, every-
where equal, cylindrical, glabrous, white, sometimes curved ;
spores 12-14 x 7-8 /A.

CORTINAKIUS. 20

Corttnarius (Hygrocybe) dolabralus, Fries, Epicr., p. 311 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 279 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 811.

In pino woods, amongst Vaccinium, Sphagnum, &c.

About the stature of a large specimen of C. evernius, but
firmer, differently coloured, gills entirely adnate, veil very
fugacious. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) rigens. Fr.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thin, when young campanulate,
lax, then convex, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even, glabrous,
opaque and tan-colcur when moist, whitish-tan when dry;
flesh rather firm, white ; gills adnate, slightly decurrent,
distant, very broad (3-5 lines), distinct, watery tan then
pale cinnamon ; stem 2-4 in. long, 2-5 lines thick, but very
variable, equal, or incrassated, sometimes at the base, some-
times at the apex, also fusiform, stuffed, elastic, distinctly
cartilaginously corticated, rigid and tough, rooting, glabrous,
even, naked, pallid when moist, white when dry ; spores pip-
shaped, minutely granulated, 6-7 X 4 /z.

Cortinarius rigens, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 107 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 280; Cke., Illustr., pi. 812.

In woods.

Allied to Cortinarius dolabratus, but more rigid, not fragile,
smaller, and paler; gills also darker and opaque. Flesh
white. Veil scarcely evident. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) Krombholzii. Fr.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, rather fleshy, conico-campanulate,
then gibbous, even, smooth, disc fleshy, pale yellowish-tan,
disc darker, margin thin, appendiculate ; gills rounded
behind and slightly adnexed, 3 lines broad, ferruginous,
margin yellowish ; stem 3-5 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal,
extreme base slightly swollen, naked, even, whitish, hollow;
veil white, rather membranaceous, soon disappearing from
the stem, but remaining in fragments at the margin of the
pileus ; spores ferruginous, 8 X 4—5 /n.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe} Krombholzii, Fries, Hym. Eur.,
p. 395 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 280 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 813.

On the ground amongst moss. A remarkable species
having the ferruginous spores of Cortinarius, but with a
membranaceous and not fibrillose veil that remains in frag-

30 FUNGUS-FLORA.

merits at the margin of the pileus. Subcaespitose. With
the habit of Hypholoma.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) Reedii. Berk.

Pileus about 1 in. across, conical then expanded and
strongly umbonate, often depressed round the nmbo, smooth,
shining, persistently brown, disc areolate, margin splitting ;
giJls attenuated behind, free, broad, ventricose, ascending,
-white or pallid then cinnamon ; stem about 1 in. long, 2 lines
thick, equal, rather bulbous, fibrilloso-striate, white, solid ;
veil tibrillose, evanescent ; spores 7-8 x 4 /A.

Cortinarius (Hygrocyle) Reedii, Berk. Outl., p. 194; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 280; Cke., Illustr., pi. 843A.

Amongst moss and beech mast.

Cortinarius (Hydrocybe) leucopus. Bull.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh very thin except in the
centre, conical, then expanded, margin arched, obtusely
-umbonate, when dry silky, shining, yellowish clay-colour
with a suggestion of pink ; gills slightly adnexed, ventricose,
rather crowded, pale, then cinnamon; stem equal, white,
becoming hollow, 1^ long, 2 lines thick; spores 6 X 3-4 /z.

Cortinarius (Hydrocybe) leucopus, Bull., Champ., t. 533, f. 2;
Oke., Illustr., t. 843s (pileus wrong colour).

On the ground in woods.

Small, with the habit of Cortinarius pluvius, but not viscid.
(Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) scandens. Fr.
Pileus ^— § in. across, submembranaceous, sometimes acutely
at other times obtusely umbonate, slightly fleshy, conical
when young, then expanded, glabrous, margin slightly
striate, when moist at first tawny-ferruginous then honey-
colour, tan-colour when dry, urnbo tawny, the intensity of
the colour varies with the weather ; gills adnate, thin, rather
•distant, 1—2 lines broad, narrowest behind, tawny-cinnamon,
•edge entire, same colour ; stem hollow, 3-4 in. long, 2 lines
thick, incrassated at the apex, base always attenuated, very
tkin, subulate, flexuous, soft, even, yellowish, but at first
sight, from the adpressed fibrils and dryness, shining white ;
veil thin, fibrillose, white ; spores elliptical, obliquely apicu-
late, 10 x 5 /t.

CORTINAKIUS. 31

Cortinarius (Hygrocyle} scandens, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 108 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 281 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 830.

In damp places in fir woods, &c.

Stem 3-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, soft, yellowish when
moist, shining white when dry, base subulate, always white.
Veil thin, fibrillose, superior. Pileus |~1 in. and more, tan-
colour when dry, but the umbo, which may be acute, obtuse,
or obsolete, rather tawny. Gills narrow, 1—2 lines broad,
plane. (Fries.)

** Stem violet or reddish.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) erythrinus. Fr.

Pileus 1-1^ in. across, conical then convex, regular, umbo-
nate, umbo obtuse or almost obsolete, darker, even, glabrous,
rufous-bay, tawny when dry, the thin flesh almost the same
colour when moist ; gills slightly adnexeil, thin, rather
distant, ventricose, at first pallid then pale cinnamon ; stem
l|-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, rarely thickened at the
base, straight or ascending, glabrous, but striate from the
adpressed fibrils, white, violaceous above, stufied then hollow ;
veil superior, fibrillose, white.

Cortinarius (Hygrocyle) erythrinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 109 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 281 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 798A.

In damp woods, amongst leaves, &c.

Far. argyropus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 396.
Slenderer than the type form, stem silvery, apex with
white meal.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) decipiens. Fr.

Pileus 5-! in. across, flesh thin, dingy, conical, glabrous,
•fehining, bay-brown, then brick-red when dry, at length
depressed round the slightly fleshy, prominent, darker umbo ;
gills adnate, thin, rather crowded, reddish ferruginous ; stem
2-2 \ in. long, H line thick, equal, covered with a separable
pallid cuticle, pale brick-red within, imperfectly hollow ;
spores elliptical, dingy ferruginous, 8 X 5 /*.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) decipiens, Fries, Epicr., p. 312
Cke. Hdbk., p. 281 , Cke., Illustr., pi. 798s.

In woods.

Stem usually straight, without any tinge of violet.

32 FUNGUS-FLOEA.

Var. insignia. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 396.

Pileus paler, stem flexuous, glabrous ; gills less crowded.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) germanus. Fr.

Pileus -J-~ g- in. across, flesh thin, conical then expanded,
obtusely umbonate, hygrophanous, rather silky, even,
brownish, pale tan when dry ; gills adiiate, rather distant,
2 lines broad, pale cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long, l-l£ line
thick, equal, rather twisted and wavy, glabrous, lilac
becoming pale, imperfectly hollow.

Cortinarius (Hygrocijbe) germanus, Fries, Epicr., p. 312;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 281 ; (_ke., illustr., pi. 8-i-i.

In beech woods.

Stem becoming silvery ; pileus not striate. Smell strong.

*** Stem becoming yellowish, usually growing pale.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) detonsus. Fr.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, almost membranaceous, conical then
expanded, subumbonate, silky then almost glabrous, striate
to the middle when moist, colour bright yellow, when dry
silky, even, and tan-colour ; flesh thin, whitish ; gills adnate,
ventricose, distinct, rather distant, quite entire, all parts
coloured alike, at first bright yellow, then reddish-cinnamon ;
stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, soft, glabrous, pallid,
equal or attenuated upwards, pale yellowish stuffed then
hollow ; spores 8 x 6 p..

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) detonsus, Fries, Enicr., p. 313;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 282.

In damp pine woods amongst moss, &c.

Fragile, pale yellowish ; stature, &c., almost as in Cortinarius
decipiens. A much larger form occurs having the stem
reddish-yellow. Easily distinguished by the languid yellowish
colour. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) obtusus. Fr. (figs. 5, 6, 13,
p. 16.)

Pileus £-l£ in. across, rather membranaceou?, conical
then campanulate, at length expanded, obtusely uinbonate.,
glabrous, margin striate, at first lerruginous-bay, soon cinna-
mon, pallid ochraceous or whitish-tan when dry, and in this

CORTIXARIUS. 33

last condition sometimes torn into fibrils ; gills adnate, ventri-
cose, rather distant, very broad, thickish, the short ones
narrower, connected by veins, ferruginous then tawny-cinna-
mon ; stem 2-4 in. long, 2 lines thick or more, curved,
flexuous (not undulated), attenuated at the base, fragile,
with scattered, adpressed, white silky fibrils, for the rest
almost glabrous, yellowish-tan when moist, truly white when
dry ; veil fibrillose, rarely conspicuous ; spores subochraceous ;
spores $ x 5 p-

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) o'jtusus, Frie«, Monogr., ii. p. Ill;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 282 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 845A.

In woods. Gregarious.

Veil entirely fibrillose, whitish, making the yoiing pileus
hoary and silky, commonly glabrous, but becoming broken
up when dry. Umbo disappearing. With an evident smell.
(Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) acutus. Fr.

Pileus about J— § in. across, almost membranaceous, conical
then campanulate, at length expanded, umbo acute and
coloured like the remainder, at length depressed round the
umbo, striate when moist, obsoletely fibrillose near the
margin when young, glabrous when adult, yellowish honey-
colour, rather shining, tan or white when dry, and looking
silky ; flesh very thin similarly coloured ; gills adnate, thin,
crowded, becoming more distant and free as the pileus ex-
pands, lanceolate, ochraceous cinnamon. Stem 3—4 in. long,
1-2 lines thick, equal, flexuous albo-fibrillose, at length
glabrous, colour of the pileus when both moist and dry,
hollow ; spores 6 x 4 /A.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) acutus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 112;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 282 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 84oA.

In mixed woods. Sometimes scattered, sometimes gre-
garious. With the habit of Galera, but remarkable for the
acute umbo.

**** Stem becoming dusky.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) Junghuhnii. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, disc slightly fleshy, remainder
thin, convexo-plane, papillato-umbonate, striate to the middle

VOL. II* D

34 FUNGUS-FLORA.

when moist, under a lens seen to "be covered with scattered,
white, persistent fibrils, slightly velvet)*, shining cinnamon,
tawny when dry ; gills adnate, ventricose, 2 lines broad, thin,
veined at the base, saffron brick-red; stem 2—3 in. long, 2
lines thick, almost equal or attenuated and whitish at the
base, stuffed then hollow, pale brick-red without and within,
darkest inside, outside shining, adpressedly with brownish
fibrils ; veil brownish, obsolete ; spores elliptical, 8 x 5—6 //..

Cortinarius Junghuhnii, Fries, Epicr., p. 314 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 282 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 146A.

In woods amongst moss, &c.

Smell none.

Cortinarius (Hygr.) depressus. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh membranaceous, conico-
convex, obtusely umbonate, at length almost plane, and
depressed round the umbo, striate at the margin when moist,
ferruginous-brown, brownish tan when dry ; gills adnate,
rather crowded, broad, plane, thin, yellowish saffron then
ferruginous, edge quite entire ; stem 1—2 in. long, 2 lines
thick, equal or attenuated below, rigid, rather cartilaginous,
even, whitish silky when young, then glabrous, reddish, base
becoming brownish, hollow, veil scarcely evident.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe*) depressus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 113 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 283 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 860.

Damp places in woods, &c.

The prettiest and most distinct species of the present sub-
genus, habit almost that of Naucoria cucumis. Odour weak,
resembling stale fish or cucumbers. Stem short, rigid, at
length becoming blackish. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) milvinus. Fr.
Pileus |-1| in. across, membranaceous, conical then
expanded, slightly umbonate, glabrous, striate up to the
broad, rather fleshy disc, fawn-colour becoming tinged with
olive, pale tan-colour when dry, margin fringed with innate
white scales ; gills adnate, rather distant, thin, ferruginous-
olive, veined at the base, about 3 lines broad ; stem 2-2 J in.
long, 2-3 lines thick, equal curved, pale fuscous, with white
silky patches here and there from the white veil ; spores
elliptical, 8-10 X 4 p..

CORTINAKIUS. 35

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) milvinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 314;
Cke., Hdbk., 283 ; Cke., Illustr., plate 846s.

In woods.

Gregarious, stem 2-3 in. long, 2 lines thick, not flexuous.
Pileus .}— 1 in. broad, fawn-colour with an olive tinge. Strong
scented". (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Hygr.) fasciatus. Fr.

Pileus i-f in. across, submembranaceous, conical, then
expanded, "the acute umbo blackish, the remainder brick-red,
glabrous, minutely silky and becoming pale when dry ; gills
adnate, slightly ventricose, thin, truly distant, distinct,
H line broad, cinnamon; stem variable, sometimes about
2 in. long, 1 line thick, straight ; or 3-4 in. long, flexuous,
and with the surface undulated, not cuticulose but splitting
entirely into fibrils, hollow, glabrous, pallid brownish, then
brownish cinnamon ; spores cinnamon, 8 x 5 /*.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) fasciatus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 114;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 282 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 814.

Damp places in pastures under pines, &c.

Eemarkable for the stem splitting longitudinally into
fibres ; resembling C. flexipes in colour, but in most respects
nearest to C. acutus, from which it differs in the very distant
gills.

Subgen. TELAMONIA.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.
I. PLATYPHYLLI.

Gills very broad, rather thick, more or less distant. Stem-
spongy or entirely fibrous.

* Stem and veil white or whitish.

** Stem and gills violet. Cortina or partial veil whitish,
tinted violet, or universal veil white.

*** Stem and veil red or yellow. Gills tawny or
cinnamon, not violet nor becoming brown.

**** Stem becoming brownish, veil fuscous or dingy, gills
dark.

D 2

36 FUNGUS-FLORA.

II. LEPTOrHYLLI.

Gills narrow, thin, more or less crowded. Pileus thin.
Stem rigid outside, subcartilaginous, stuffed or hollow, often
attenuated downwards.

* Stem whitish, pallid, not floccoso-scaly.

** Stem becoming violet.

*** Stem and pileus tawny or ferruginous.

**** Stem floscoso-scaly, and with the pileus brownish.

Subgen TELAMONIA.

I. PLATYPHYLLI.

Gills lroadi thicMsh.

* Stem and veil white or whitish.

Cortinarius (Tela.) macropus. Fr.

Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh thin, greyish, convex then
flattened, obtuse, margin at first inflexed, dry, hoary with
minute squamules, then almost glabrous, brick-red at length
becoming ferruginous; gills adnexed, very broad (i— 1 in.),
distant, sides not veined, sometimes crenate, at others quite
entire, pallid then watery cinnamon ; stem 3-6 in. long,
J-l in. thick, fibrillose, dingy white, then the colour of the
pileus, about equal, solid; veil distant, forming a narrow,
interwoven white ring; spores obliquely elliptical, finely
granu^ted, 8 x 5 (J-

Cortinarius (Telamonia'} macropus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 71;
Cke., Hclbk., p. 263 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 788.

In damp woods, &c.

Cortinarius (Tela.) laniger. Fr.

Pileus about 3 in. across, fleshy, disc compact, hemi-
spherical then expanded, obtuse, bright or dark tawny,
sometimes becoming pale, at first floccoso-squamose, flocci

. CORTINAKIUS. 37

whitish, then almost glabrous, silky towards the margin ;
-flesh thickish at the disc, soft, thin at the margin ; gills
adnate or slightly rounded, at first rather crowded, then
subdistant, clear tawny-saffron, at length shining tawny ;
stem solid, stout, 2-4 in. long, equal or bulbous, ventricose
when growing on pine leaves, more or less distinctly
vaginate from the white veil which terminates above in a
very soft, white, distinct ring, reddish-white within, base at
length tawny ; cortina above the ring very delicate.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) laniger, Fries, Mon., ii. p. 71 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 264; Cke., Illustr., pi. 800.

In mossy pine woods, &c.

A beautiful and very distinct species. Strong scented.
Analogous to Cort. torvus in the more or less peronate stem
and ring, but resembling Cort. plumiger in the white,
fasciculato-floccose squamules of the pileus. Commonly
smaller than Cort. bicelus, and distinguished by the spreading,
persistent, tumid ring. Pileus never gibbous, but the margin
thin, whitish plumulose when young, then silky and almost
glabrous. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) bivelus. Fr.

Pileus l|-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded,
obtuse, reddish-tawny, glabrous, but silky near the margin ;
gills adnexed, scarcely crowded, rather ventricose behind,
3 lines broad, clear tawny- cinnamon ; stem about 3 in. long,
.|— §- in, thick, somewhat bulbous and attenuated upwards,
firm, dirty-white, floccoso-squamulose up to the spurious,
fugacious ring ; spores obliquely elliptical, granular, 10 X
5-6 /A.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) bivelus, Fries, Epicr., p. 292; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 264; Cke., Illustr., pi. 852.

In woods, &c.

Mild. Stem entirely spongy, not firmer outside, sometimes
short and bulbous, sometimes elongated and attenuated,
even, abrupt, becoming rusty inside. Pileus soft, absorbing
moisture, but not truly hygrophanous, usually very smooth,
shining, often with darker spots, now and then rivulo.-o-
squamulose, at length pierced with depressions, rarely cam-
panulate and lax. (Fries.)

38 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Cortinarius (Tela.) bulbosus. Fr.

Pileus about 3 in. across, unequally fleshy, cainpanulate
then expanded, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even or with the
epidermis torn into squamules or fibrils near the margin, bay
when moist, fuscous-tan when dry ; flesh similarly coloured
when moist, whitish when dry, compact at the disc; gills
adnate, rather distant, broad, at first dark then brownish-
<:innamon, never violet-tinted; stem 2-3 in. long, bulbous,
paler than the pileus, vaguely peronate and imperfectly
ringed from the white veil, solid ; spores 8 x 3—4 p..

Cortinarius (Telamoma) bulbosus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 73;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 264; Cke., Illustr., pi. 852.

Agaricus bulbosus, Sow., t. 230.

In woods, amongst moss, &c.

Allied to C. armillatus and G. bnmneus, resembling the first
in colour and the second in size ; differs in the shorter stem
and the usually inconspicuous ring formed by the veil,
differs from Inoloma in the hygrophanous pileus, and from
Hygrocybe in the gills. Stem decidedly bulbous, base and
inside somewhat saffron-colour, at length brick-red ; pileus
slightly hygrophanous, often fibrillosely torn near the margin,
flesh-coloured like the pileus, whitish when dry, distinct from
V. biveliis in the darker colour. (Fries.)

Smell like that of radishes. Pileus 2-3 in. broad, fibril-
lose under a lens, brittle ; margin thin. Gills rounded, sub-
adnate, distinct, 2—3 lines broad. Stem 3—4 in. high, sub-
fibrillose, in full grown specimens ferruginous at the base.
(Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) urbicus. Fr.

Pileus 1|— 2 in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, glabrous,
whitish-tan colour; gills emarginate, ventricose, 3 lines
broad or even more, rather close, pale ferruginous ; stem
about 2 in. long, \-\ in. thick, equal, nearly smooth,
peronate, pallid, villose above the narrow, white ring,
solid.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) urbicus, Fries, Epicr., p. 293;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 264; Cke., Illustr., pi. 818.

In grassy places.

Allied to Cort. bivelus, but readily distinguished by being
glabrous and paler in colour.

CORTINAKIUS. 39

Cortinarius (Tela.) licinipes. Fr.

Pileus 2—3 in. across, membranaceous, campanulate then
convex, at length expanded, obtusely umbonate, usually
becoming depressed round the umbo, even, glabrous, yellow-
ish, pale tan when dry ; gills adnate, very broad behind, up
to | in., rather crowded, quite entire, watery cinnamon ;
stem 4—5 in. long, 3—4 lines thick, fragile, equal often
flexuous, whitish, base with white down, the remainder with
white floccose or plumose scales, naked when old, smooth
above the distant, membranaceous ring, stuffed then hollow.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) licinipes, Fries, Epicr., p. 293;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 265; Cke., Illustr., pi. 819.

In fir woods, when growing in damp places, amongst
sphagnum, &c., the stem is elongated, shorter in dr}'
situations.

Cortinarius (Tela.) microcyclus. Fr.

Pileus 1-1^ in. across, thin, almost membranaceous, plano-
convex, reddish-fuscous, the minutely umbonate disc darker,
pale and opaque when dry, even, glabrous, never torn ; gills
adnate, very broad, almost ovate in form, thin, at first lilac,
then dark cinnamon ; stem 1-2 in. long, base 3 lines, apex
about 1J line thick, but variable, from the incrassated base
attenuated upwards, white or pallid, veil collapsed into a
white zone round the stem.

Cortinarius (Telamonia~) microcyclus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 78 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 265 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 865.

In pine woods, &c.

Allied to Cort. decipiens in colour and habit, but differing
in the somewhat bulbous stem and the white ring. (Fries.)

** Stem and gills violet, cortina whitish becoming violet, universal
veil white.

Cortinarius (Tela.) torvus. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thin except the disc, convex,
margin at first incurved, then wholly expanded, obtuse, rather
fragile, even, or the cuticle minutely broken up when dry,
with depressed points when old, sometimes coarsely radiato-
rugulose, at first hoary with minute fibrillose squamules,
and marbled with the same hoariness when smooth, scarcely

40 FUNGUS-FLORA.

hygrophanous, bay, bay -brown, or coppery -brown ; flesh
dingy, whitish when dry ; gills somewhat adnate, thick, dis-
tant, plane, fragile, very broad (3-6 lines), violet at first,
soon purplish-umber, finally dark cinnamon, edge quite entire,
at length veined at the base ; stem 3-5 in. long, i— 1 in. thick,
short and bulbous when young, then elongated and sub-
equal, when perfect sheathed and peronate to the middle by
the adnate veil, above which the stem is nearly equal, pale
violet, villosely cortinate when young, then fibrillose ;
whitish below the white, spreading ring, tibrillose, in fullest
vigour floccosely scaly, base covered with white down, solid,
then spongy, usually bored and eaten by larvae ; spores, 10-
12 x 7-8 fL.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) torcus, Tries, Epicr., p. 293; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 265; Cke., Illustr., pi. 801 ; Kalchbr., pi. 21, f. 1.

In woods, especially beech.

Showy, commonly robust, stem at first bulbous, then
elongated and equal; ring evident, subpersistent. Pileus
bay, and with a violet tinge at first. There is a form having
the gills rufous flesh-colour. (Fries.)

Klotzch's specimens are evidently the genuine form, figured
by Bulliard; mine are slightly ditferent, but clearly belong-
ing to the same species. The youngest plants have no tinge
of violet ; but this is probably owing to their being found
in very dry weather. Pileus in the variety If in. broad,
obtuse, convex, at length plane, shining with a satiny lustre,
at length sometimes rimulose, whitish tinged with umber,
fleshy in the centre, the margin thin ; portions of the veil
persistent on the edge. Gills adnate, deep umber, distant,
sometimes very slightly emarginate in old specimens. Stem
2| in. high, | an in. thick, nearly equal or slightly attenuated
below, paler than the pileu?, hosed as it were, with the
white veil ; reddish within. Odour like that of A. fastibilis.
(Berk.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) impennis. Fr.
Pileus 1^—2 in. across, fleshy, convex, obtuse, rigid, almost
glabrous, colour almost brick-red, becoming pale; gills adnate,
then emarginate, distant, thick, 3-4 lines broad, violet, soon
purplish, at length watery cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long,
-3- in. thick at the apex, rather bulbous, pallid, the imperfect

CORTIXARIUS. 41

ling and apex violet, whitish-cortinate, solid; spores, 10-
11 X 7/x.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) impennis, Fries, Epicr., p. 293;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 265; Cke., lUustr., pi. 853.

In pine woods, &c.

Stem 2 in. long, £ in. thick, often cylindrical, fibrillose,
ring incomplete. Pileus fleshy, especially at the disc, at
"first sooty-umber, then brick-red or red (in the young stage
almost the colour of Collybia butyracea), not hoary, J-ilky
round the margin when young, at length cracked. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) lucorum. Fr.

Pileus l|-2 in. across, convex then expanded, gibbous,
margin wavy, even, bay with a tinge of brick-red when
moist; flesh very thin except at the disc; gills emarginate,
rather distant, about 3 lines broad, cinnamon with a tran-
sient tinge of violet; stem about 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
slightly clavate, very fibrillose, pallid, solid ; veil forming a
white distant zone on the stem, flesh like that of the pileus
dingy ochraceous ; spores elliptical, 10 X 5 /*.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) lucorum, Cke., Hdbk., p. 379 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 1192.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) impennis, Fries, var. lucorum, Fries,
Hym. Eur., p. 377.

On the ground in woods, &c.

Stem sometimes slightly curved, and tinged with violet
above.

Cortinarius (Tela.) plumiger. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, conical when young, then
campanulate, urnbo broad, obtuse, very prominent, often
cracked, diy, densely covered with white, floccose, feathery
scales that are erect and squarrose, or after rain becoming
depressed and silky, hygrophanous, fuscous with an olive
tinge when moist, reddish-tan when dry; gills adnate,
scarcely crowded, broad, violet at first, soon watery, then
pure cinnamon, edge quite entire, similar in colour or tan-
colour; stem remarkably clavate, 3-4 in. long, base 1 in.
apex 5 lines thick, pale, watery white within ; veil shining
white, floccosely scaly on the stem, forming an imperfect
ring at the apex, solid ; spores 10 X 5-6 /*.

42 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) plumiger, Fries, ^Epicr., p. 294 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 266.
In woods.

Cortinarius (Tela.) scutulatus. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, fleshy at the disc, margin thin,
ovate then expanded, obtuse, purple-umber, brick-red when
dry, at first silky and white near the margin, ihen becoming
broken up into squamules; gills adnate, about 2-3 lines-
broad, rather distant, purple-violet ; stem 3-4 in. long, £ in.
thick, somewhat bulbous, rigid, dark violet outside and
inside, solid, peronate and more or less ringed; spores
elliptical, 7 X 3 /*.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) scutulatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 294 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 266 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 820A.

In damp woods, &c.

Smell like that of radishes, stem above the bulb, which is
often wanting, cylindrical, apex often hollow, hence the
fleshy disc of the pileus becomes umbilicate. Veil sometimes
concentrically squamulose, sometimes almost absent, mem-
branaceous ring obsolete. Edge of gills at first whitish
then cinnamon. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) evernius. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, thin, almost membranaceous, conico-
campanulate then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, everywhere
covered with a white, fibrillose, silky, adpressed veil, usually
purple-bay when glabrous, very hygrophanous, brick-red
when dry, becoming dingy pale ochraceous when old, cracked
and torn into fibrils, very fragile ; the very thin flesh
similarly coloured ; gills adnate, ventricose, very broad
(<j— 1 in.), distant, purplish-violet, becoming pale, at length
cinnamon ; stem 3-6 in. long, ^ in. and more thick, equal or
attenuate downwards, slightly striate, violet, becoming pale,
obsoletely squamulose and indistinctly annulate from the
veil ; spores elliptical, granular, 10 x 7 //,.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) evernius, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 77;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 266 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 821 and 865.

In damp pine woods, &c.

Smell not remarkable, resembling C. elatior in size, but
not in any way allied, differing in the absence of the
glutinous veil and also in colour. (Fries.)

CORTINARIUS. 43

Tufted or subgregarious. Pileus 1-2 inches broad, purple-
brown, shining with a satiny lustre, umbonate, the umbo
generally subumbilicate ; flesh moderately thick in the
centre. Gills very broad, at length subferruginous, distant,
adnate for half their breadth. Stem 2^-4 inches high,.
£ in. thick, undulated, silky, much paler than the pileus,.
with a few slight traces of the veil. Sowerby's plant and
that of Fries seem to be the same ; but if so, the former is
not, as Fries supposes, merely the young state, but arrived at
its full growth. (Berk.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) quadricolor. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, rather fleshy, thin, conical then
expanded, umbonate, glabrous, at length with depressed spots,,
pale yellow then tawny, shining when dry; flesh thin,
coloured like the pileus ; gills adnate, distant, 3-4 lines-
broad, but thin, margin white, serrate, dark violet or purplish
cinnamon ; stem 3 in. long, 2—3 lines thick, equal, flexuous,
rather rigid, fibrilloso-striate from the adpressed veil, which
above collapses and forms an oblique white ring that
eventually disappears, stuffed then hollow ; spores 10-11 X
6-7 /x.

Cortinarim (Telamonia) quadricolor, Fries, Epicr., p. 295 ;
Cke. Hdbk., p. 266 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 867.

In beech woods, &c.

Agreeing with C. Mnnuleus in size, but differing in colour.
Gills sometimes violet. (Fries.)

'* Stem and veil red or yellow. Gills tawny or cinnamon, not
violet nor becoming brown.

Cortinarius (Tela.) helvolus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, obtuse
or obtusely umbonate, glabrous, even, dark tawny-ferrugi-
nous, yellowish when dry, becoming cracked, the margin at
first covered with the veil, regularly incurved ; gills dis-
tinctly cmarginate, 4 lines broad, distant, thick, base rather
veined, opaque, tawny then tawny-cinnamon ; stem variable
in length, in the largest form 6-8 in. long and up to 1 in.
thick, in the medium form 3 in. long, 4 lines thick, in the
smallest form 2 in. long, attenuated at the base, apex 2-3

44 FUNGUS-FLORA.

lines thick, solid, almost equal, not straight, fibrillose, with
a narrow ring-like, rusty margined zone above formed from
the veil, more or less ierruginous both outside and inside,
solid ; spores 6 x 5 /x.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) helvolus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 85;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 267 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 804B.

In wooded pastures, &c.

A small form occurs having the pileus ferruginous then
becoming pale, disc darker. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) armillatus. Fr.

Pileus 3—4 in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin, campanu-
late then expanded, brownish brick-red, pale when dry ;
gills adnate or ventricose behind and appearing to be ad-
nexed, 3-4 lines broad, distant; pale then dark cinnamon;
stem 4-5 in. long, \ in. thick above, bulbous or conical,
fibrillose, pale, with several oblique red zones, solid, brownish
within ; spores 10 X 6 p.

Cortinarius (TeZamonza) armillatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 295;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 267 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 802.

In woods.

Allied to Cort. haematochelis, but distinguished by the dis-
tant gills, and by having more than one red ring on the stem.

Cortinarius (Tela.) haematochelis. Bull.

Pileus 3—4 in. across, fleshy at the disc, thin elsewhere,
gibbous, silky-fibrillose, brownish brick-red, pallid when
dry, campanulate then expanded ; gills adnate or adnexed,
crowded, thin, 2 lines broad, sometimes more, pale cinna-
mon; stem 4-5 in. long, ^ in. thick above, somewhat bulbous,
attenuated upwrards, pallid, with a single, distant, oblique
red zone, solid ; spores granular, 10 X 7-8 p..

Cortinarius (Telamonia} haematochelis, Cke., Hdbk., p. 267 ;
€ke., Illustr., pi. 803.

Agaricus haemalochelis, Bulliard, Champ. France, t. 527, f. 1.

In woods.

Stature of Cort. brunneus, also resembing Cort. armillatus,
"but distinguished by having only one red zone on the stem.

Cortinarius (Tela.) praestigiosus. Fr.
Pileus l|-2 in. across, almost membranaceous, flattened,
striate up to the obtuse or acute umbo, at first dark then

CORTINARIUS. 45

right bay, becoming torn towards the silky margin ; gill&
adnate, 2-3 lines broad, rather distant, tawny-cinnamon -r
stem 3-5 in. long, slender, very fragile, pale red, rather
shining, with red squamnles, hollow.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) paragandis, var. praestigiosus, Fries,.
Epicr., p. 295 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 379.

Under pines, &c. The typical form has not been found in
this country.

Cortinarius (Tela.) croceo-fulvus. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded,
obtusely umbonate or gibbous, even, bright tawny-orange ;
jiills adnate, slightly sinuate, 3 lines broad or more, rather
distant, ferruginous ; stem 3-4 in. long, ^-§ in. thick, equal,
yellow with a tinge of rufous, zoned with a rufous-orange
line, the remains of the veil, solid, flesh like that of the
pileus, bright yellow; spores obliquely elliptical, granular,
8-10 X 6 p..

Cortenarius (Telamonia) croceo-fulvus, Fries, Epicr., p. 296 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 379 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1193.

Agaricus croceo-fulvus, D. C., Fl. Fr., v. p. 49.

In woods.

Readily known by the bright tawny-orange pileus, and1
the clear yellow colour of the flesh.

Cortinarius (Tela.) limonius. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, truly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse,
even and glabrous when moist, cracked and incised when-
dry ; tawny-citron, yellowish-ochre and opaque when dry ;
flesh coloured like the pileus, not splitting; gills adnate,
rarely emarginate, distant, for a long time yellow, at length
tawny-cinnamon ; stem 3 in. long, | in. thick, equal or
attenuated at the base, where it becomes deep saffron, floc-
cosely squamulose from the veil, apex sometimes with a
coloured flocsose veil, solid.

Cortinarius (Tela.) limonius, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 80 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 267"; Cke., Illustr., pi. 804A.

In pine woods.

Smell none. Base ef stem at length saffron-colour, some-
times attenuated, at others slighty incrassated. Eing often
floccose and radiating, but from the squamules on the stem,

46 FUNGUS-FLORA.

evidently a Telamonia. Pileus distinctly hygrophanous, not
splitting. (Fries.)

Pileus 2-4 in. broad, when dry ochry-yellow, subsquar-
rose. Gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, veil
rarely forming a perfect ring. Stem 2—4 in. high, ^ in. thick,
firm, fibrillose, dull yellow sometimes saffron-red. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) hinnuleus. Fr.

Pileus 1— 2^ in. across, flesh very thin except at the sub-
Timbonate disc, conico-campanulate then expanded, glabrous,
pallid tawny-cinnamon, tawny when dry; gills slightly
emarginate, distant, 3-4 lines broad, tawny-cinnamon, edges
quite entire ; stem 3-4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, rigid,
attenuate below or subequal, tawny, the whitish silky veil
forming a ring-like zone, stuffed ; spores elliptical, granular,
10-12 X 7-8 p..

Cortinarius (Telamonia) Jiinnuleus, Fries, Epicr., p. 296;
Oke., Hdbk., p. 268; Cke., Illustr., pi. 805.

In woods, &c.

Very variable in size, stem sometimes short and equal,
sometimes slender, elongated, and flexuous, at times brownish,
up to 4 lines thick. Pileus varies to pallid and at length
depressed, rarely silky near the margin. Gills plane,
slightly connected by veins. Eecedes from all the species in
the subgenus in having a white veil. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) gentilis. Fr. (fig. 9, p. 16.)
Pileus |-1 in. across, flesh thin, conico-expanded then
flattened, acutely umbonate, tawny-cinnamon, yellow when
dry, cracked and incised, sometimes somewhat silky ; gills
adnate, thick, very distant, plane, connected by veins,
•coloured like the pileus at first, not changing colour when
dry like the pileus and stem, hence every part of the fungus
is coloured alike when moist, but differently coloured when
dry ; stem 3-4 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal or attenuated
at the base, often curved, usually straighter than that of
other species of similar size, fibrillose, tawny-cinnamon,
yellow when dry ; veil forming an oblique ring, sometimes
arranged in several zones, sometimes yellow below the
floccoso-squamulose ring ; spores granular, 7-8 x 6 /x.

Cortinarius {Telamonia) gentilis, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 87;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 268; Cke., Illustr., pi. 806.

CORTINAKIUS. 47

In pine woods, &c. Gregarious.

Pileus £-3 in. broad, at first conic-obtuse, then more
or less acutely urabonate, with frequently a depression
round the umbo, cinnamon changing to a pale tawny,
marked in decay with brown streaky blotches, shining,
somewhat cracked, subfibrillose, sometimes with a few
very minute silky scales. Gills very distant, thick,
adnate, rounded behind, cinnamon or dark ferruginous.
Stem 3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick, of the same colour as the
pileus, nearly equal, at first marked with the remains of the
woven spongy ring, fibrillose, wavv, at length hollow.
(Berk.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) helvelloides. Fr.

Pileus ^-1 in. across, submembranaceous, convex then
expanded, umbonate, almost glabrous, striate when in perfect
condition, ferruginous, cracked and squarrose when mature,
rather tawny when dry, sometimes fibrillose when young ;
gills adnate, very thick and remarkably distant, rather broad,
distinct, at first violet-umber (never purplish), edge whitish,
soon entirely umber-cinnamon, at length ferruginous ; stem
2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, very much undulated
and flexuous, somewhat ferruginous without any white ; veil
yellowish, forming a silkiness near the margin of the pileus,
and an imperfect ring near the apex of stern, above which
the stem is silky- white and shining ; spores 7 X 5 p.

Cortinarius (Telamonid) helvelloides, Fr., Epicr., p. 297;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 268 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 836.

In beech woods, &c., in damp places amongst rotten leaves.

Inodorous. Form of pileus and colour variable, but un-
mistakable on account of the thick, very distant gills.

Cortinarius (Tela.) rubellus. Cooke.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, campanulate then expanded,
rufous-orange, darker at the umbo, disc fleshy, thin towards
the margin, flesh reddish-ochre ; gills adnate, sinuate, rather
narrow, scarcely crowded, pale, then bright ferruginous-red ;
stem 3-4 in. long, | in. thick, pale above, darker below,
marked with concentric dark ferruginous fibrillose bands,
equal or attenuated upwards, solid ; spores pyriform, minutely
rough, 8 x 5 fu

48 FUNGrS-FLORA.

Cortinarius (Telamoni<i) rubellus, Cke., Grevillea, xiv. p. 44;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 268 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 835.

In swampy places.

With somewhat the habit of a small form of C. armillatus,
but distinguished by the brighter-coloured pileus, and by
the fibrillose rings on the stem being dark ferruginous and
not vermilion.

'* Stem becoming brownish, veil fuscous or dingy, gills dark.

Cortinarius (Tela.) bovinus. Fr.

Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, thin
towards the margin and often splitting, watery, pallid,
convex then expanded, obtuse or gibbous, even, glabrous,
with point-like depressions when old, fragile, soon glabrous,
opaque, hygrophanous, watery cinnamon, tawny when dry ;
gills adnexed, up to | in. broad, not veined at the sides,
rather distant, cinnamon, becoming dark; stem about 3 in.
long, conspicuously bulbous, base 2 in., apex 1 in. thick,
dingy pallid, girdled by a single brown zone formed by the
interwoven veil, scarcely peronate, brownish -cinnamon,
whitish above the brown zone, solid but very spongy within.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) bovinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 297 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 269 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 822.

]n pine and mixed woods, &c.

Cortinarius (Tela.) nitrosus. Cooke.

Stinking. Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, rather thin, obtuse,
convex, then expanded, undulate at the margin, fawn-colour
or tawny, darker and brownish at the disc, soon breaking up
into minute, somewhat concentric, darker scales ; gills rather
broad ; somewhat di-tant, emarginate, violet then watery
cinnamon; stem 2-3 in. long, £ in. thick, nearly equal,
ochraceous, darker at the base, paler than the pileus, marked
with concentric darker squamose bands, solid ; spores ellip-
tical, 12 x 4 p..

Cortinarius (Telamonia) nitrosus, Cke., Grevillea, xvi. p. 44 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 269 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 837.

In mixed woods.

Flesh of pileus and stem pale brown. Distinguished by
the strong nitrous odour and the banded stem.

CORTINAR1US. 49

Cortinarius (Tela.) brunneus. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, unequally fleshy, disc obtusely
ximbonate and truly fleshy, the rest thin, campannlate then
expanded, naked, innately fibrillose towards the margin,
umber, dingy reddish-tan when dry, becoming more or less
marked with depressed point-like punctures; flesh, pallid
brown ; gills at first adnate then adnexed, ^ in. and more
broad, broadest in the middle, thick, distant, transversely
veined, dark purple-cinnamon, then brown, at length umber-
cinnamon ; stem clavate or attenuated upwards from the
thickened base, 4 in. long, | in. thick above, elastic, brownish,
with dense white striae, furnished towards the apex with a
brownish-white ring-like zone formed by the dingy whito
veil ; spores obliquely elliptical, granular, 10-12 X 6 p.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) brunneus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 81 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 269 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 854 and 868.

In pine woods, &c.

Stature very variable ; when growing in deep sphagnum
swamps it is slender, stem up to 8 in. long, naked, brown,
pileus small, 1— 1£ in. broad, plane, obtusely umbonate,
umber. (Fries.)

Our plate 868 agrees well with the figure by Fries in the
Upsal Museum. It can scarcely be confounded with any
other species. Spores pip-shaped, elliptical, 10-12 x 6 p.
(Cooke.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) brunneofulvus. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, slightly fleshy, campanulate
then expanded, obsoletely umbona,te, even, glabrous, minutely
fibrilloso-virgate from innate adpressed hairs under a lens,
margin at first white fibrillose, tawny-cinnamon, hardly
changing colour when dry ; flesh thin, pale dingy tawny ;
gills adnate, but soon very ventricose, \ in. and more broad,
rather distant, distinct, soft, tawny-cinnamon, opaque ; stem
3-4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, attenuated upwards, fibrilloso-
striate, almost glabrous when adult, pale tawny outside and
inside; veil dingy white, forming a zone round the stem,
but soon entirely disappearing, stem solid then soft and
spongy within.

Cortinarius (Telamoma) Irunneo-fulvus, Fries, Epicr., p. 298 ;
Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 382.

50 FUNGUS-FLORA.

In pine woods amongst moss, &c.

Closely allied to Cortinarius brunneus, but tawny-cinnamon.
Stature of Cort. evernius. Much larger than Cort. glandicolor.
from which it also differs in the tawny-cinnamon colour. I
have never seen any trace of violet colour in my specimens.
Flesh thin, dingy. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) injucundus. Weinm.

Pileus 3—4 in. across, compact, convex then plane, obtuse,
fuscous-cinnamon, fihrillose ; gills emarginate, very broad,
4-5 lines, lilac-tan ; stem 3-4 in. long, up to f in. thick at
the apex, clavate and attenuated upwards, colour of the
pileus then tawny-yellow, solid ; spores elliptical, granular,
10 x 5 p.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) injucundus, Weinmann, Fl. Ross.,
p. 150 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 269 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 823.

In fir woods.

One figure seems to represent a form of this species,
although not precisely the type. (Cooke.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) glandicolor. Fr.

Pileus |-1 in. (rarely 2 in.) across, submembranaceou*,
conical then expanded, commonly obtusely umbonate, soon
glabrous, margin slightly stria te when moist, umber or
cinnamon brown, tan-colour or dingy pale ochraceous when
dry; flesh very thin, similarly coloured ; gills adnate, very
distant, rather thick, up to 4 lines broad, coloured like the
pileus or umber, edge quite entire, coloured like the rest,
rounded in front ; stem 3-5 in. long, 2—3 lines thick, com-
monly straight, the surface sometimes undulated, naked,
slightly striate, colour of the pileus, at length bay-brown,
stuffed then hollow; veil forming a woven ring, white, soon
entirely disappearing.

Cortinarius {Telamonia) glandicolor, Fries, Epicr., p. 298;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 270; Cke., Illustr., pi. 789.

On the ground amongst moss, especially in pine woods.

Resembling in general appearance the stibgenus Dermocybe,
but the thickish, very distant gills and stature is altogether
that of Cortinarius {Tela.) gentilis, from which the present
species is however sufficiently distinct in the brown colour
and straighter stem. (Fries.)

CORTINARIUS. 51

Far. curta, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 91.

Stem stuflfed, 1 in. long, flexuous, peronate with the white
veil, cingulate ; umbo becoming rather blackish.

Cortinarius (Tela.) punctatus. Fr.

Pileus ^— li in. across, somewhat membranaceous, conico-
convex, glabrous, hoary, umber, tan-colour when dry, at
length even, punctate ; gills adnate, very distant, quite
entire, 1-2 lines broad, cinnamon-brown; stem 2-3 in. long,
1-2 lines thick, equal, undulate, pale brown below, apex
whitish, somewhat hollow; spores pip-shaped, 7 x 4 /*.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) punctatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 299 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 270 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 855.

In woods, especially beech.

Closely allied to Cort. gentilis, but distinct in the colour of
every part, and in the obtuse or obtusely umbonate, convex
pileus.

A. Stem somewhat hollow, 2-3 in. long, scarcely 1 line
thick, slender, everywhere equal, tough, undulated, fuscous-
cinnamon, fibrill oso-striate, base white, downy. Cortina
somewhat interwoven, pale fuscous, evanescent. Pileus
rather membranaceous, conico-convex, umbo scarcely pro-
minent, | in. broad, glabrous, even, umber, hoary, becoming
pale tan when dry, not incised. Gills adnate very distant,
with a decurrent tooth, ventricose, almost 3 lines broad,
brownish cinnamon, all one colour and quite entire. B. Form
more typical; stem shorter, pileus broader, with minute
point-like depressions, gills less distant. (Fries.)

II. LEPTOPHYLLT.

Gills narrow, thin, more or less crowded.
* Stem whitish, not floccosely scaly.

Cortinarius (Tela.) triformis. Fr.
Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, some-
what umbonate, fibrillose becoming smooth, opaque, colour
various, at first brownish or livid-yellowish, dirty tan when
dry, hygrophanous, margin thin; gills rounded behind and
adnexed, rather crowded, thin, distinct, yellowish lioney-

E 2

52 FUXGUS-FLOEA.

colour then pale cinnamon; stem 3 in. long, J in. and more
thick, fragile, clavate or somewhat bulbous, afmost glabrous,
pallid, stuffed and spongy inside, ring white ; spores elliptical,
apiculate, 10 x 6 /A.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) triformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 299 ; Hym.
Eur., p. 382 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 270 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 790 (as
Cort. triformis, var. Schaefferi).

In woods.

Common in pine and mixed woods, assuming three marked
forms, as follows : —

A. Schaefferi. In beech woods. Stem rather bulbous,
stuffed, spongy within, 3 in. long, | in. thick, fragile almost
glabrous, pallid, the veil forming an interwoven, distant,
white ring. Pileus unequally fleshy, margin thin, convex
then plane, obtuse or slightly gibbous, superficially fibrillose,
almost glabrous, at length with depressed dots, 2-3 in.
broad, always even, opaque, very hygrophanous, fawn-
colour when young, then yellowish or honey-colour, dirty
ochraceous when dry ; gills adnate, ventricose, rather
emarginate, 4 lines broad, connected by veins, rather distant,
thin, watery honey-colour, then watery cinnamon.

B. Melleopallens. In pine woods. Stem conically at-
tenuated, soft, imperfectly hollow, fragile, J in. thick, pallid
yellow without and within, glabrous except the zone formed
by the veil as in Cort. brunneus. Pileus hemispherical,
obtuse or obtusely umbonate, at first white-fibrillose then
glabrous, even, fuscous then honey-colour, pale tan when
dry; margin pellucidly striate; flesh watery-white. Gills
rather crowded, distinct, yellowish then as in previous form.
Habit of Cort. armeniacus, but paler, &c.

C. Fusco-pallens. Under pines. Stem stuifed, incrassated
at the base, 3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, apex thinner, even,
brownish-white, ring as in the previous form. Pileus thin,
obtuse, fuscous becoming pale, passing when dry into honey-
coloured tan. Gills adnate, 1—2 lines broad, watery-white
then darker. Easily distinguished amongst its allies by the
constant dingy and watery pallid, almost honey-colour, and
the thin rather crowded gills. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) biformis. Fr.
Pileus l|-3 in. across, flesh very thin except at the disc,

CORTINAE1US. 53

conical then campanulate, at length flattened, acutely
umbonate, even, glabrous, rarely with fugacious fibrils, dark
or ferruginous-brown, pule bay and shining when dry ; gills
adnate or emarginate, narrowed behind, connected by veins,
•> lines broad, rather crowded, watery cinnamon, at first
greyish, edge crenulated; stem 2-4 in. long, thinner down-
wards, base 2, apex 3-4 lines thick, distinctly striate, ad-
pressedly fibrillose, colour not white, but paler than the
pileus, firm, stuffed ; ring evident, white, commonly inter-
woven, oblique ; spores 12 x 15 /A.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) liformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 299 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 270 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 869.

In mixed woods.

More slender than Cort. triformis, more rigid, moist, scarcely
hygrophanous, ring sometimes obsolete. Habit of Cort.
castaneus. (Fries.)

** Stem becoming violet.

Cortinarius (Tela.) periscelis. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate then convex, umbonate,
lilac, with a white silkiness, umbo fleshy, the rest mem-
branaceous ; gills broadly adnate, crowded, narrow, pallid
then dark ferruginous, stem 4 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal,
fibrillose, lilac, somewhat ringed with the brownish inter-
woven veil, hollow ; spores 7-8 x 4-5 p..

Cortinarius (Telamonia) periscelis, Fries, Epicr., p. 300;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 271 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 838.

In swamps, under beech-trees, &c.

Stem 3-4 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, straight, becoming
fuscous when dry, base with white down. Pileus 2 in.
broad, hygrophanous. (Fries.)

There are usually several indistinct brownish rings on the
stem.

Cortinarius (Tela.) flexipes. Fr.

Pileus ^-l£ in. across, flesh thin, at first acutely conical,
then expanded and acutely umbonate, becoming depressed
round the umbo, fibrillosely hoary, then naked, at first very
dark bay- brown, then with violet shades, but becoming pale,
yellowish in dry weather, tan when old, lacerated; gills

54 FUXGUS-FLOKA.

adnate, rather distant, broad, purple or umber-violet then
cinnamon, margin whitish ; stem 4 in. long, 2 linos thick,
equal, flexuous, floccosely squaniose below the distinct, in-
terwoven white ring, pallid, apex and sometimes every part
violet, stuffed.

Cortinarius (ZWamom'a) flexipes, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 84;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 271 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 824A.

In pine and other wcods, &c.

A very variable species ; when old resembling Cort. evernius
in the variation of colour.

Cortinarius (Tela.) flabellus. Fr.

Pileus f-1 in. across, submembranaceous, obtusely urn-
bonate, at first conical then expanded, olive-brown, at first
covered with white, superficial scales, silky and tan-colour
when dry, becoming cracked and torn into fibrils; gills
adnate, connected by veins, crowded, linear, narrow, dark
olive, then ferruginous; stem at times short, about 2 in.,
typically truly elongated, 3—4 in., equal, undulated and
flexuous, floccoso-squamose, pallid, apex violet ; veil white,
inferior and forming the scales on the stem, sometimes
terminating in a perfect, entire ring, sometimes interwoven
and oblique, stuffed then hollow.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) flabellus, Fries, Epicr., p. 300;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 271 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 824s.

On the ground in damp places.

Gregarious ; smell strong, somewhat resembling radishes.

*** Stem and pileus tawny or ferruginous.

Cortinarius (Tela.) psammocephalus. Fr.
Every part tawny-cinnamon, same colour inside ; pileus
and stem becoming pale and rather golden when dry;
pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane,
at length umbonate and revolute, cortex broken up into
minute furfuraceous squamules ; gills sinuato-adnate, arcuate,
crowded, 2 lines broad, at length dark, umber-cinnamon;
stem about 1-H in. long, 2 lines thick, rather attenuated,
squamulose and peronate from the veil, cortina fibrillose
above, stuffed then hollow ; spores 6 X 4 /*.

CORTIXAEIUS. 55

Cortinarius (Telamonla) psammocepltalus, Fries, Monogr., ii.
p. 80; Cke., Hdbk., p. 271 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 839A.

Agaricus psammocephalus, Bulliard, Champ., t. 531, fig. 2
(inside tawny, not white as in the fig.).

In pine woods, &c.

Stem about 1 in. long, apex naked, even, ring not distinct,
Imt evidently a Telamonia. Pileus about 1 in. across ; gills
ilark, sometimes with a decurrent tooth. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) iliopodius. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, conical, then expanded,
rather umbonate, at first silky-fibrillose, almost glabrous
when mature, cinnamon, tan-colour when dry ; gills adnate,
rather crowded, thin, cinnamon ; stem sometimes short and
equal, commonly elongated to 3-4 in., ilexuous, equal, elastic,
tawny, sheathed to the middle with the white, silky veil
which terminates above in a ring, naked and fibrilloso-striate
above the ring, yellowish-cinnamon inside ; spores, 7-8 x 4 p.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) iliopodius, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 88 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 272; Cke., Illustr., pi. 839B.

In woods.

Stem sometimes short, at others elongated and flexuous,
not attenuated at the base, at length brownish. Pileus
opaque, 1—2^ in. broad, sometimes brownish, obtuse. Very
variable, and some of the forms difficult to define. (Fries.)

Pileus f in. broad, at first conic, with the silky veil
attached to the margin, then convex, rather acutely umbo-
nate, the umbo cinnamon, then brownish changing to
ochraceous, subcarnose, silky especially on the margin, which
is pellucid when moist. Gills at first pale, changing to dark-
cinnamon. Stem 2 in. or more high, scarce 1 line thick,
rufescent, pruinose or sericeo-squamulose, moderately tough,
at length hollow. My specimens described above are smaller
than the more usual state, approaching in this respect A.
cucumis, now removed to the tribe Galera. Taste not acrid.
Gills moderately broad. According to Fries, the pileus is
from ^-1 in. broad. Stem 2-4 in. high. Taste approaching
to that of radishes. (Berk.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) incisus. Fr.

Pileus ^-^ in. across, slightly fleshy, conico-convex then
expanded, umbonate, naked, soon innately fibrillose or

56 FUNGUS-FLOEA.

squarnulose, hygrophanous, ferruginous, tawny when dry ;
gills adnate, distinct, scarcely crowded, ferruginous-cinna-
mon, about 1 line broad ; stem about 1 in. long, equal, fibroso-
iibrillose, ferruginous, veil white, woven into a ring or.
obsolete ; spores elliptical, 5 x 3 /A.

Cortinarius (Telamonia) incisus, Fries, Epicr., p. 301 ; Cke..
Hdbk., p. 272 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 807.

On the ground.

In Cooke's figure quoted above, called Cort. (Tela.") incisus,
Fr., var. B, the margin of the pileus is much split and often
upturned, and the stem white and curved.

Gregarious, small, form variable ; stem 1 in. long (in B,
2—4 in.), 1-2 lines thick ; pileus commonly tawny-ferru-
ginous, but when young also bay, olive-brown, &c., very
squamulose and cracked into shreds. (Fries.)

In dry pine-woods, scattered, but also in damp meadows,
dried up turf-bogs, &c., gregarious, subcaespitose ; every-
where tawny-ferruginous, opaque, smell faint. Stem some-
what stuffed, sometimes short, about 1 in., sometimes
elongated, flexuous, entirely fibrous in damp places, fibrillose,
not polished externally. Pileus rather fleshy, form variable,
acutely or obtusely umbonate, convex then expanded, naked
when young, then (especially in dry weather) torn into
fibrils, but even and shining when scorched by the sun ;
gills adnate, rather distant, ferruginous-cinnamon. Differs
from Cort. gentilis, &c., in being darker ferruginous, and
especially in the white, zoned veil. A form exists having the
pileus olive-brown. (Fries.)

**** Stem floccosely scaly, and like the pileus becoming dusky.

Cortinarius (Tela.) hemitrichus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, slightly fleshy, convex then plane,
•uinbonate, fuscous, brownish-tan when dry, densely covered
near the margin with superficial silky fibrils; gills adnate,
crowded, 2 lines broad, tan-colour then cinnamon ; stem
1^—2 in. long, 2—3 lines thick, almost equal, pale fuscous,
floccoso-squamose from the white veil, and ringed, hollow ;
flesh like that ot the pileus brownish ; spores, 6-7 x 3-4 //..

Cortinarius (Telamonia) hemitrichus, Fries, Epicr., p. 302 ;
€ke., Hdbk., p. 272 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 825.

CORT1NARIUS 57

Amongst moss, fallen leaves, &c.

Pileus splitting, 2-3 in. broad, resembling Cort. casteneus,
at first with erect, white ciri hose fibrils, becoming prostrate
and silky fibrillose, at length almost glabrous, sometimes
obtuse, sometimes acutely umbonate, also becoming umbili-
cate from the hollow apex of the stem. Stem remarkably
floccose, and a membranaceous ring not rarely present.
(Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) stemmatus. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, slightly fleshy, convex, then
expanded, obtuse, bay, hoary -silky towards the margin, pale
when dry, fibrillose ; gills adnate, crowded, bay, 1^ line
broad; stem about 3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, floccoso-
squamulose with an indistinct ring, ferruginous-bay, imper-
fectly hollow.

Cortinarius (Telemonia) stemmatus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 90;
Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 385 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 273 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 840A.

In damp woods.

Allied to Cortinarius uraceus, from which it differs in the
floccoso-squamulose stem.

Cortinarius (Tela.) rigidus. Fr.

Pileus ^-l? in. across, rather fleshy, conical or convexo-
expanded, acute or obtusely umbonate or quite obtuse, at
at length depressed round the umbo, glabrous, even, becoming
pellucidly striate at the margin, cinnamon-bay, yellowish or
fuscous-tan when dry, sometimes becoming broken up into
squamules when old ; flesh not cracking, colour of the pileus ;
gills adnate, more or less crowded, often connected by veins,
plane, entirely cinnamon-colour ; stem 2-4 in. long, 2 lines
thick, equal, short and straight, or elongated and flexuous,
brownish or the colour of the pileus, becoming pale, ad-
pressedly fibrillose, not floccose, stuffed, soon hollow.

Cortinarius (Tela.) rigidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 302; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 273 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 791.

In damp woods, &c. Strong scented.

Cortinarius (Tela.) paleaceus. Fr.
Pileus 3-1 in. across, bubmembranaceous, conical then ex-
panded, acute or obtusely umbonate, at first silky with white,,

58 FUNGUS-FLORA.

superficial squamules, then glabrous, opaque, very hygro-
phanous, brown when moist, clingy tan when dry ; flesh of
the disc coloured like the pileus, elsewhere almost obsolete ;
gills adnate, broad, crowded, at first whitish-pallid then
cinnamon ; stem about 3 in. long, 1 line thick, rather tough,
surface undulated, brownish both outside and inside, paler
when young, base with white down, furnished with scattered,
white squamules, apex with a white ring, hollow, spores
7-8 x 3 ft.

Cortenarius (Telamonia) paleaceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 302 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 273 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 826.

Damp places in beech woods, &c.

Much more slender than Cort. rigidus, usually acutely
umbonate. Diifers from Cort. iliopodius in the stem being
floccoso-squamulose and not tawny inside. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Tela.) iris. Massee.

Pileus about 1 in. across, hemispherical then expanded,
acutely umbouate, pale ochraceous-brown, silky, densely
covered with minute white fibrils, usually splitting at the
margin, flesh thin ; gills rather crowded, moderately broad, very
much cut out behind and slightly attached, dirty ochraceous
then bright orange-brown, margin entire, stem 2^—3 in. long,
conical, ^- in. thick at base, 2 lines at the apex, solid, below
the bright-brown fibrillose ring orange-brown, and covered
with pointed fibrillose squamules of the same colour, above
the ring smooth and silky, violet, becoming pale, flesh simi-
larly coloured ; spores elliptical, obliquely apiculate, smooth,
orange-brown, 10 x 5 /A; cystidia absent.

On the ground in woods; Carlisle, Oct. 1887. (Dr.
Carlyle.)

Solitary or in clusters of 2-4. Most nearly allied to Cort.
(Telamonia) paleaceus, but distinguished by the conspicuously
conical, straight, solid stem, size of spores, &c.

Cortinarius (Tela.) Cookei. Quelet.
Pileus up to i in. across, tawny-yellow, covered with a
paler, shining, woolly veil, conical, umbonate, fibrillose ; gills
adnate, violet then reddish, at length rust-colour, about
1 line broad ; stem 1|— 2 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, flexuous,
pale, with several yellowish floccose zones, stuffed; spores
elliptical, 7 x 3 • 5 /x,.

CORTINAKIUS. 59

Cortinarius (Telamonia) Cookei, Cke., Hdbk., p. 273; Cke.,
Illustr., jpl. 840B.

Cortinarius (Hygrocybe) Cookei, Quelet, Bull. Soo. Bot.
France, p, 288 (1878) ; Grevillea, t. 128, f. 3.

In woods.

Subgen. DERMOCYBE.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

* Gills at first whitish or pallid.

** Gills at first violet, becoming purplish.

f* Gills shining cinnamon, red, or yellow. Stem and
fibrillose cortina coloured. Elegant.

**** Olivaceous, veil dingy, or pale fuscous. Pileus not
torn into scales.

* Gills at first whitish or pallid.

Cortinarius (Dermo.) ochroleucus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick except at the
margin, convex; gibbous then obtuse, almost glabrous, even,
whitish, with a pale ochraceous tinge ; gills slightly adnexed,
nearly free, crowded, 3-4 lines broad, narrower in front;
whitish then ochraceous-tan ; stem 2-3 in. long, 4-6 lines
thick, solid, firm, ventricose or almost equal, whitish, apex
fibrillose above ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4-5 p.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) ochroleucus, Fries, Epicr., p. 284 ;
€ke., Hdbk., p. 257 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 775.

Agaricus ochroleucus, Schaeffer, t. 34.

In woods.

Inodorous, taste rather bitter, not unpleasant. Stem 3 in.
long, 4—5 lines thick ; pileus 2 in. across, silky under a lens.
(Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) decumbens. Fr. (figs. 10-11 A,

p. 16).

Pileus 1-1^ in. across, rather fleshy, firm, convex then
plane, gibbous then obtuse, even, glabrous, at times almost

60 FUNGUS-FLORA.

white, at others yellowish, shining, not hygrophanous ; gills
adnexed, crowded, 2 lines broad, thin, white, then tan-
colour, at length ochraceous- cinnamon from the spores ;
stem stuffed then hollow, 1-2 in. long, about 3 lines thick,
ascending, white, smooth, base clavato-bulbous, veil white,
fugacious ; spores 8 x 5 /*.

Cortinarius (Dermocyle) decumbens, Fries, Epicr., p. 284;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 257 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 81 GA.

In woods and grassy places.

Small, firm, characterised by the ascending stem.

Cortinarius (Dermo.) riculatus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, margin thin, convexo-plane,
slightly gibbous, fundamental tint honey-colour, but this
colour is most conspicuous at the disc, the remainder very
delicately silky or floccose from the veil, which is closely
adpressed ; flesh whitish ; gills adnate, crowded, up to 2 lines
broad, at first tan-colour then watery ferruginous ; stem
2-3 in. long, base \ in., apex 3 lines thick, even, glabrous,
pallid-white ; veil evident, pallid.

Cortinarius (T)ermocybe) riculatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 284 ;
Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 366.

In pine woods.

Stem spongy within, thickened and solid below, becoming
hollow above. There is no tinge of grey in the pileus.

Cortinarius (Dermo.) tabularis. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, equally fleshy, convexo-plane, broadly
gibbous, at length remarkably flattened, tan- colour or
brownish-tan, becoming paler, at first covered with ex-
ceedingly delicate, white down from the veil, silky near the
margin, then entirely glabrous; flesh white; gills slightly
emarginate, crowded, thin, 3 lines broad, white then tan-
colour, rarely at first with a slight and fugacious tinge of
grey; stem stuffed, becoming hollow, tough, elastic, equal,
or attenuated from the base, 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
erect, sometimes floccoso-squamose, sometimes smooth and
almost glabrous, white then pallid ; veil white, fugacious.

Cortinarius (Dermocyba) tabularis. Fries, Epicr., p. 284 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 257 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 783.

In woods.

CORTINARIUS. 61

Larger than C. anomalus, paler, more glabrous ; gills at
first whitish or with a transient shade of grey, sometimes
becoming somewhat ferruginous. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) camurus. Fr.

Pilous 2-3 in. across, very unequally fleshy, disc rather
thick, but from the middle almost membranaceous, the broad,
obtuse umbo often oblique, cracked when dry, pale hoary-
brown, not hygrophanous but becoming pale yellowish, the
umbo darkest ; flesh white ; gills variously attached owing
to the oblique pileus, sometimes broadly adnate on one side,
sometimes almost free, crowded, about 3 lines broad, thin,
greyish-tan, then watery cinnamon or brownish, edge quite
entire, similarly coloured; stem imperfectly hollow, equal,
3 in. long, 4 lines thick, always ascending or twisted, even,
glabrous or fibrillose below, white outside and inside, apex
naked and silvery-shining ; spores 8-9 X 6-7 /*.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) camurus, Fries, Epicr., p. 285 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 257 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 784.

In woods.

Caespitose, very fragile, stem 3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
twisted or ascending, longitudinally adpressedly fibrillose
•downwards. Pileus unequally fleshy, margin somewhat
membranaceous, soon glabrous, but not hygrophanous,
2—3 in. broad, often cracking, at length yellowish, disc
darkest, flesh white. Gills 2-3 lines broad, edge coloured
like the rest, quite entire, never grey, (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) diabolicus. Fr.

Pileus 1 in. and more across, thin, hemispherical, obtuse
then gibbous, dry, fragile, cracking, at first brownish with a
grey bloom, then glabrous and yellowish-brown ; gills adnate,
separating and then appearing somewhat emarginate, rather
•crowded, 2-3 in. broad, firm, very pale grey, soon whitish,
at length tan-colour ; stem 3 in. long, commonly thin, about
2 lines, but sometimes up to 5 lines thick, attenuated towards
the base, glabrous, pale, apex grey; veil fugacious; spores
-elliptical, 10-12 x 7 p..

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) diabolicus, Fries, Epicr., p. 285;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 258; Cke., Illustr., pi. 816 B.

In beech woods, &c.

62 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Called diabolicus "because it is intermediate in character
"between two sections. Pileus often unequal, cracked. In-
odorous. (Fries.)

* Gills at first violet, becoming purple.

Cortinarius (Dermo.) caninus. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, equally fleshy, not thick, firm, not
cracking, convex then flattened, obtuse, hoary and silky at
first near the margin, glabrous when adult, colour variable,
fuscous or brown, in age generally rufous brick-red, tawny
when dry ; flesh white, becoming yellowish ; gills emar-
ginate, rather distant, thin, 3-4 lines broad, grey or purplish,
then cinnamon ; stem 3 in. and more long, | in. thick, in-
crassated at the base, somewhat bulbous, often whitish-
villose, pallid then white, apex violet, stufted and spongy
within, then hollow ; spores 8 x 5-6 p..

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) caninus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 60;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 258; Cke., Illustr., pi. 765.

In woods.

Allied to Cort. tdbularis, which differs in size, also to Cort.
anomalus ; the latter, however, differs in the peronate and
somewhat ringed stem, and the colour of the pileus — fuscous
to rufescent. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) myrtillinus. Fr.

Pileus 2—3 in. across, thin, tough, gibbous then flattened,
smoke-colour, never becoming rufescent, densely silky hoary ;
flesh watery fuscous when moist, white when dry, violet at
the apex of the stem ; gills adnate, rather distant, clear
ainethyst-blue, scarcely changing colour, never purplish ;
stem 2 in. or more long, 3—4 lines thick, slightly bulbous,
externally tough, whitish, with a Avhite silkiness, stuffed ;.
veil scarcely evident; spores elliptical, 10 x 5 /x.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) myrtillinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 285 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 258; Cke., Illustr., pi. 817.

In beech woods, &c., near trunks.

Colour and habit of Tricholoma nuda ; flesh at first watery
brown, then white, violet at the apex of the stem. Pileus
not rufescent, nor the gills with a purple shade ; veil not
peronate. (Fries.)

CORTINARIUS. 63

Cortinarius (Dermo.) azureus. Fr.

Pileus li-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse,
with a silky sheen, atomate, lilac, hoary ; gills very slightly
emarginate then decurrent, rather crowded, bright bluish-
violet, 2-3 lines broad ; stem 2-3 in. long, base incrassated,
|— | in. thick, glabrous, slightly striate, villose, sky-blue,
becoming whitish, stuffed; spores broadly pip-shaped,
granular, 9 X 6 p..

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) azureus, Fries, Epicr., p. 286 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 766.

Amongst leaves and moss in woods.

Solitary, elegant, flesh of stem blue, of pilous white ; not
splitting nor hygrophanous. Stem rather fragile, often
twisted, bright sky-blue, 3 in. long, 4 lines thick ; pileus
H-2 in. broad, convexo-plane, at first lilac, then fuscous and
pallid. Gills 2 lines broad, thin, at first slightly emarginate,
then decurrent. (Fries.)

The figure given by Cooke does not agree in 'all par-
ticulars with the description by Fries, yet it appears to be a
form of the present species.

Cortinarius (Dermo.) albocyaneus. Fr.

Pileus 1J-2 in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse,
with an evanescent, silky pellicle, becoming smooth, white
then yellowish, gills emarginate, about 3 lines broad, crowded,
at first bluish-purple, then somewhat ochraceous ; stem 3-4 in.
long, £-£ in. thick at the base, somewhat clavate, whitish,
naked, stuffed ; spores elliptical, size variable, 6-10 x 4-7 /*.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) albocyaneus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 62 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 259 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 748.

In beech woods, &o.

'' According to Cooke's figure the present species is sometimes
slightly fasciculate, and the gills grey then pale cinnamon.
Veil cinnamon.

This species, along with C. tabularis and G. caninus form a
very natural section, whose infinity of form is with difficulty
defined. The present species runs close to C. alboviolaceus,
from which it differs in the naked stem, the obtuse silky
pileus that eventually becomes glabrous (not innately-
fibrillose), gills crowded, purplish-blue then ochraceous, flesh
of pileus white. From C. anomalus the present species differs

64 FUNGUS-FLORA.

in the firmer, somewhat club-shaped stem, flattened pileus
(not gibbous), at first white then yellowish, broader gills at
length somewhat ochraceous. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) anomalus. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, remarkably convex then
expanded and gibbous, smoky then with a rufous tinge,
hoary from evanescent fibrils, at length yellowish, not
hygrophanous ; flesh white when dry, not splitting; gills
sometimes adnate, at others emarginate, with a decurrent
tooth, thin, crowded, more or less tinged violet or greyish-
purple, at length cinnamon ; stem stuffed then hollow, 2-3
in. long, 3 lines thick, attenuated, slightly peronate,
fibrillose or rather squamulose, violet above, whitish down-
wards, at length becoming pale and yellowish; spores
broadly elliptical, 8-9 x 7 p..

Cortinarius (Dermocybe} anomalus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 62 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 259 ; Cke., Illustr., p. 776.
In -woods.

Gregarious, small, flesh watery, veil coloured, gills some-
times emarginate, sometimes decurrent, violet, purplish, or
grey, always thin and narrow. In pine woods it is sometimes
more slender, stem thin, equal, glabrous, and flexuous.
(Fries.)

Pileus 1-2 in. broad, very obtuse, sometimes broadly but
very flatly umbonate, tinged at first with violet, minutely
silky so as to present a white satiny appearance, gradually
changing to ochraceous or slightly tawny ; flesh thick,
except at the extreme margin, which has often traces of the
arachnoid veil dusted with the sporules. Gills close rounded
behind, at first violet, at length pale ferruginous. Stem
2^ in. high, -$ in. thick, in the middle subbulbous, more
•or less tinged with violet, solid, fibrillose with more or
less distinct transverse closely-pressed brownish scales,
which originate in the veil ; the top is adorned with the
descending fibres of the veil, which form a spurious ring
dusted with the sporules, ;vnd beneath this there is some-
times another red circle which is the true ring. (Berk.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) spilomeus. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, convex then expanded, gibbous,
almost glabrous, not hygrophanous, rufous or tan-colour;

CORTINARIUS. 65

gills adnate or emarginate, crowded, narrow, thin, quite
entire, grey or violet becjming pale, at length watery
cinnamou ; stem hollow, almost equal, about 2 inches long,
1-2 lines thick, whitish-lilac, elegantly variegated with
rufous or tawny scales, apex cortinate, white ; spores
obliquely elliptical, 6 x 7 /*.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe^) spilomeus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 63 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 259.

In woods.

Commonly caespitose. Allied to C. anomalus, but smaller
and more slender, and easily distinguished by the scaly stem.

Fileus 1 in. broad, slightly fleshy, colour various, when
3'oung whitish, then ferruginous tinged with fuscous,
yellowish when dry. Gills violet, then lilac, at length
cinnamon. Stem 2-4 inches high, 2-3 lines thick, white
tinged with violet, (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) lepidopus. Cooke.

Pileus 1-2| in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, convex
then expanded, gibbous, umber with a tinge of violet near
the margin, becoming rufescent at the disc, flesh whitish,
with a faint tinge of violet, and a darker line near the gills ;
gills adiiate, rather crowded, 2 lines broad, thin, violet then
cinnamon ; stem 3—4 in. long, -J— ^ in. thick at the base,
attenuated upwards, becoming hollow when old, violet at
the apex, dirty white below, with concentric, fibrillosc,
darker bands, flesh with a pale lilac tinge above, and dirty
white below; veil whitish with a tinge of violet; spores
ovate, sometimes almost globose, with an apiculus, 9 x <3 ft.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) lepidopus, Cke., Grev., xvi. p. 43 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 259 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 850.

Heathy ground in woods, &c.

Colour of pileus variable in the shade of brown, sometimes
pale. Allied to C. anomalus, but resembling C. spilomeus in
the banded stem, although less distinct, and of a different
colour. Stem often wavy. Gregarious or fasciculate.

* Gills bright cinnamon, red, or yellow.

Cortinarius (Dermo.) miltinus. Fr.
Pileus l|-2 in. across, thin, convex or lentiform then

VOL. II. F

66 FUNGUS-FLORA.

expanded, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even, glabrous and
polished, cinnamon-bay or dark cinnamon when moist,
cracking at the disc, when dry the disc is bay, the remainder
brick-red, shining ; flesh watery when moist, tan when dry ;
gills adnate, 1-1 i line broad, almost linear, plane, crowded,
'thin, bright reddish-cinnamon then ferruginous ; stem 2—3
in. long, 2-3 lines thick, very tough, subcartilaginous, equally
attenuated upwards, often twisted, base with white down,
cinnamon or reddish, with red fibrils, apex often villose from
the red veil ; spores elliptical. 6 x 4 /u.

Cortinarim (Dermocybe) miltinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 287 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p'. 260 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 785A.

In woods.

Smell none. With the general aspect of C. spilomeus, but
the colour of C. cinnamomeus. Stem distinctly cartilaginous,
2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, apex villous with the red
cortina or veil. Pileus obtuse or broadly gibbous, 1| in.
broad, pale when dry, brick-red, disc somewhat bay-colour;
flesh watery then yellowish. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) cinnabarinus. Fr.

Smell strong of radishes. Every part crimson-lake with a
vermilion tinge, flesh paler ; pileus -f— li in. across, obtuse,
silky, shining, flesh very thin except at the disc; gills
subdistant, broad, slightly emarginate, with an olive tinge ;
stem 1-2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, stuffed, subequal, silky-
fibrillose ; spores elliptic-oblong with an oblique apiculus,
8 X 4/u.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) cinnamomeus, Fries, Hym. Eur.,
p. 370 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 785s (larger than usual form.)

In woods.

Distinguished from C. sanguineus by the stuffed stem,
radishy odour and broad gills with olive tinge and unequal
margin. Fries states that the stem is sometimes yellowish.

Cortinarius (Dermo.) sanguineus. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, expanded, obtuse, often
wavy, innately silky or squamulose, dark blood-red ; flesh,
like that of the stem, similar in colour; gills adnexed,
crowded, rather broad, dark blood-red ; stem l|-2 in. long,
2 lines thick, equal, along with the veil, dark blood red,
hollow ; spores 6-7 X 4 p..

CORTINARIUS. 67

Cortinarius (Dcrmocybe) sanguineus, Fries, Epicr., p. 288;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 260 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 786.

In woods.

Stem more frequently attenuated than incrassated at the
base, giving out a blood -red juice when compressed.
Slenderer than C. cinnabarinus. Pileus about 1 in. broad,
convex, gills sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, stem
stuffed, then hollow. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) anthracinus. Fr.

Pileus -?>-| in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin, convex
then expanded, umbonate, silky-fibrillose, almost glabrous,
chestnut-colour; flesh similarly coloured; gills adnate,
crowded, slightly rounded behind, broad, scarlet, becoming
blood-red when bruised ; stem about 2 in. long, 2 lines thick,
equal, fibrillose, intense blood-red, hollow ; spores elliptical,
cinnamon with a red tinge, 7 X 5 p..

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) authracinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 288 ;
Cke., Hdbk,, p. 261 ; Cke., Illustr., 787A.

In woods.

Cortinarius (Dermo.) cinnamomeus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2| in. across, flesh thin, convexo-carnpanulate,
umbonate, somewhat' cinnamon- colour, silkily squamulose
with yellowish innate fibrils, becoming almost, glabrous;
gills adnate, broad, crowded, shining, yellowish then tawny-
yellow ; stem 2-4 in. long, equal, yellow, as is also the flesh
and the veil, hollow ; spores 7-8 x 4-5 p..

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) cinnamomem, Fries, Epicr., p. 288 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 261 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 777, 778.

In woods.

A very common species, especially in mossy places in pine
woods, occurring under many well defined forms, which
cannot be separated as species. Essential points common to
nil. (1) Stem everywhere equal ! stuffed then hollow, yel-
lowish, fibrillose from the similarly coloured veil. (2). Pileus
thin, flattened and obtusely umbonate, silky with yellowish
down, often glabrous when adult, and then bright cinnamon,
but the colour is variable. (3) Flesh splitting, yellowish.

(4) Gills adnate, crowded, thin, broad, always shining.

(5) Spores dark oohraceous, size and colour very variable;

F 2

68 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

pileus from |-3-4 in. across; colour of pileus changeable,
depending on the more or less persistence of the down (fun-
damental colour and veil constant in this species and its
allies) ; gills varying through blood-red, reddish cinnamon,
tawny-saffron, golden and yellow. (Fries.)

Pileus 1-2 £ in. broad, convex or even obtusely conical
when young, becoming nearly plane, obtusely umbonate,
dtep reddish cinnamon, often cracking at the margin, which
is thin and sometimes fibrillose, smooth, somewhat fleshy.
Flesh yellowish. Gills numerous, adnate, yellow cinnamon,
broad, margin often notched. Stem 2-3 in. high, 2-4 lines
thick, equal, fibrillose, yellow, solid, hollow in old (?) large
plants. (Grev.)

Far. croceus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 66 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
261 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 780A.

Smaller than the typical form, pileus innately squamulose,
gills less crowded and shining, paler; in swamps the pileus
is sometimes fuscous olive, gills and stem olive, or stem
fuscous; spores 6 x 3 /x.

Far. semisanguineus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 370 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 261 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 779.

Pileus 1|-2| in. across, tawny, stem 2-3 in. long, yellow,
hollow ; gills narrow, blood-red or deep orange-brown with
a red tinge ; spores 7-8 x 4 /a.

Cortinarius (Dermo.) croceo-conus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, conical then campanulate,
persistently acute, almost glabrous, tawny-cinnamon ; gills
adnexed, ascending, linear, crowded, cinnamon; stem 2-3 in.
long, about 2 lines thick, flexuous, hollow.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe') croceo-conus, Fries, Monogr., ii, p.
67; Cke., Illustr., pi. 780s?

In pine woods, amongst moss, &c.

Gregarious. Stature of Cortinarius (Tela.) ilicpodius, but
allied 10 C. croceus, of which it may be a variety. (Fries.)

The figure given by Cooke does not agree with Fries' de-
scription. The pileus is |-2 in. across, acutely umbonate,
yellow with a tawny tinge; btem 1^ in. long, yellow, as is
also the flesh, gills yellow then cinnamon.

Gregarious subcaespitose. Equally allied to C. cinnamo-

COETINAEIUS. 69

mem as C. malicorius is, but differing in an opposite direction.
Differs more especially as follows. (1) stem hollow, elon-
gated (3-5 iu.) slender 2 (lines), flexuous. (2) Pilous conico-
•campanulate, persistently acute, for the most part almost
glabrous, never squamulose, all one colour, tawny-cinnamon,
flesh scarcely i line thick. (3) Gills remarkably ascending,
linear, crowded, cinnamon. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) uliginosus. Berk.

Pileus |-1 in. across, campanulato-conical then expanded,
strongly umbonate, silky, sometimes streaked, bright red-
brown ; flesh thin, except at the umbonate disc, yellowish-
olive then cinnamon ; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth,
2-3 lines broad, yellow then olive, finally cinnamon; stem
2-4 in. long, about 2 lines thick, flexuous, paler than the
pileus, almost equal, imperfectly hollow; spores elliptical,
7 x 4-5 p..

Cortinarius (Dermocyle) uliginosus, Berk., Outl., p. 191 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 261 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 851.

In boggy woods amongst Sphagnum.
Readil

ly distinguished by the long, slender stem, and the
bright red-brown, strongly umbonate pileus.

Intermediate between (J. croceus, of which it is probably a
paludine variety, and C. croceo-conus ; differing from both
in colour. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) orellanus. Fr.

Pileus 1^-2 in. across, flesh thickish at the disc, very thin
at the margin, convex and obtusely umbonate, villosely scaly
or fibrillose, golden-tawny, flesh reddish ; gills adnexed, 3
lines broad, rather distant, tawny-cinnamon, at length
opaque ; stem 1^-2 in. long, 3 lines thick, almost equal,
solid, firm, striately fibrillose, tawny; spores obliquely
elliptical, 6-7 and 3-4 p.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) orellanus, Fries, Epicr., p. 288;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 262 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 787u.

On the ground in woods.

Closely allied to Cort. cinnamomeus, and ranging through
the same shades of colour. It also occurs rarely with the
pileus golden-tawny and the gills yellow then tawny.
l)i Jfers from C. cinnamomeus more especially in the following

70 FUNGUS-FLORA.

points. (1) stein solid, firmer, striato-fibrillose, tawny as
is also the veil. (2) pileus firmer, ground-colour tawny, the
libiillose down golden. (3) flesh reddish. (4) gills broader,
firmer, and more distant. Sometimes confounded with
C. cinndbarinus, from which it diifers in colour, and especially
in the stem being coloured like the pileus, and not yellowish.
(Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) malicorius. Fr.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, obtuse,
fibrillosely velvety, golden-tawny ; flesh splitting, yellow
then greenish-olive ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, crowded,
golden-tawny, margin at length flocculose, discoloured ; stem
about 2 in. long, ^ in. thick, fibrillose, and with the fibrils of
the cortina, golden, hollow.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) malicorius, Fr., Epicr., p. 289 ;
Flies, Hymn. Eur., p. 371.

In pine woods.

Elegant, allied to C. cinnamomeus ; taste pleasant. Funda-
mental colour of pileus tawny, appearing to be darker at the
disc ; beautiful golden, especially near the margin, from the
down, stem -J- in. thick, at length fuscous or olive. Flesh
yellow, then olive. (Fries.)

Very similar to C. cinnamomeus, differs as follows. (1) stem
always hollow ; thicker (4- in.) short (2 in.), at first golden,
ihen olive brown. (2) pileus truly fleshy, rather thick,
almost plane, obtuse, disc dark brown shading off into tawny,
margin golden. (3) flesh yellow then intense golden-olive.
(4) gills rounded behind, much more crowded, 1 line broad,
irolden-tawny, edge becoming floccose and discoloured.
(Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) infucatus. Fr.

Pileus 1^-24- in. across, convex, obtuse, slightly silky when
dry, bright yellow; fleshy at the disc, margin almost mem-
branaceous ; gills adnate, slightly rounded behind, crowded,
narrow, tawny, then cinnamon-colour ; stem 3—5 in. long,
Jr-5- in- thick at the clavate base, attenuate upwards, fibril-
lose, white tinged yellowish, solid ; spores elliptical, 10 X 5 p..

Cortinarius (Dermo.) infucatus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 309 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 262 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 781.

On the ground in woods.

CORTINARIUS. 71

In colour the present species approaches C. percomus and
C. callisteus, but is readily known from either by the above
characters. Flesh whitish.

**** Becoming olivaceous. Veil dingy, pallid, or fuscous.
Pileus not torn into scales.

Cortinarius (Dermo.) cotoneus. Fr.

Pileus about 3 in. across, flesh thin, soft, pale olive, cain-
panulate then expanded, obtuse, rather wavy, everywhere
densely covered with a clear olive down or tomentum, fragile,
when old ; gills adnate, separating from the stem, rather
crowded, 2-3 lines broad, olive then cinnamon, edge same
colour and quite entire ; stem 3 in. long, | in. thick, soft,
bulbous, somewhat fibrillose, pale olive, solid ; veil persistent,
forming a brown interwoven zone near the apex of the stem ;
spores elliptical, granular, 10-11 X 8 p..

Cortinarius (Dennocybe) cotoneus, Fries, Epicr., p. 289 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 262 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 749.

In woods.

Very showy ; soft to the touch, olivaceous outside and
inside; opaque, pileus lax, 3 in. broad, covered with a
pure olive-coloured, subpersistent down. Stem 3 in. long.
(Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) subnotatus. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then ex-
panded, at first clothed with hoary, floccose, superficial
squamules, soon glabrous, olive then fuscous ; gills adnate,
ventricose, broad, rather distant, yellowish then olivaceous-
cinnamon; stem 3— 4 in. long, ^iri. thick, conical, squamulose
with the yellowish fibrils of the veil, smooth and shining at
the apex, stuffed and spongy inside ; spores elliptical,
granular, 10 X 5 /j,.

Cortinarius (Dermocyle) subnotatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 290 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 262 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 832 ?

In beech woods, &c.

A tall species ; stem stout, fragile, 3-4 in. long, glabrous
when adult. Pileus at first conical, acute, gibbous, pale,
4 in. broad ; peculiar in becoming quite plane, glabrous, and
dark fuscous when adult and dry. Gills 3-5 lines broad, con-
nected by veins, rather thick. (Fries.)

72 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Cooke's figure differs in having the stem distinctly hollow
from the first, flesh of pileus and stem hollow, and in possess-
ing a strong smell.

Very showy, tall but slender, inodorous. In the young
state the stem is stuffed, conico-attenuated, 3-4 in. long,
often curved and wavy, fibrillose, sometimes squamulose,
becoming pale, apex naked and silvery-shining ; veil and
fibrillae of stem yellowish ; pileus with the exception of the
disc, almost rnembranaceous, at first conical or parabolic
(appearing somewhat ovate from the incurved pileus), at
first covered with silky fibrils, yellowish-olive, darker when
dry ; gills adnate rather distant, and broad ; bright pale-
ocbraceous. The adult fungus presents a very different
appearance, and might readily be mistaken for a distinct
species. Stem spongy, at length hollow, 4 in. long, equally
attenuated from the base, veil not conspicuoxis ; pileus ex-
panded, 4 in. across, glabrous, dark brown; gills 3-5 lines
broad, cinnamon-olive. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) raphanoides. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate then expanded, obtusely
umbonate, often undulated, silky-fibrillose, brownish-olive,
discoloured when mature, becoming tawny and glabrous;
flesh pallid, almost the colour of the pileus ; gills adnate,
slightly ventricose, scarcely crowded, somewhat olive, at
length cinnamon or subferruginous, edge paler; stem stuffed
2-3 in. long, equally attenuated upwards, rarely equal,
fibiillose, opaque, becoming pallid ; veil filamentous, pale
olive, spores somewhat pyriform, 8 x 5 p.

Cortinarius (JDermocybe) raphanoides, Fries, Epicr., p. 290 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 263 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 833A.

In birch, beech, and beech woods, &c.

Smell strong of radishes. Taste acrid. Stem sometimes
elongated and twisted. (Fries.)

Pileus 2 in. broad, when moist brownish -olive, when dry
yellowish-olive, convex at first, then expanded. Gills broad,
darker, adnate or emarginate. Stem 3 in. high, 4 lines
thick, subasceuding, fibrillose, villous at the base. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Dermo.) valgus. Fr.
Pileus about 3 in. across, very thin, disc fleshy, fragile, at
first convex, even, and pale olivaceous, then expanded,

CORTINARIUS. 73

subumbonate, and yellowish-brown, becoming pale, somewhat
brick-red when dry, glabrous ; the very thin flesh similar in
colour; gills adnate, inclined to separate from the stem,
rather distant, 2-3 lines broad, yellowish then cinnamon;
btem 3-6 in. long, base bulbous, £ in. and more thick, attenu-
ated jj upwards, somewhat twisted, not fibrilluse, pallid,
shining, the slightly striate apex tinged violet, imperfectly
hollow.

Cortinarius (Dermocybe) valgus, Fries, Epicr., p. 290 ; Cke.,
Ildbk., p. 263 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 750?

Amongst moss in pine woods, &c. Intermediate between
C. subnototus and C. sublanatus ; differing from both in the
smooth, not fibrillose stem. Smell none.

The form (pi. 750) referred to this species, with some
doubt, differs from the type in several particulars, and is
perhaps a distinct variety. (Cooke.)

Cooke's figures quoted above, are as follows : — Pileus about
o in. across, convex then expanded, subgibbous, lurid pale
yellowish-olive, more or less fibrillose ; flesh thick, whitish,
stem about 3 in. long, 1 in. thick at the clavate base, attenu-
ated upwards, coloured like the pileus or a little paler, trace
of veil in the form of an indistinct zone, solid ; gills adnate,
or very slight indication of a sinus behind, 2 lines broad,
deep cinnamon at maturity.

In woods.

Cortinarius (Dermo.) venetus. Fr.

Pileus ltt-2 in. across, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse,
regular, covered with a persistent, erect, minutely velvety
tomentum, green when young, then greenish-yellow,
becoming more of a yellow colour when dry, not hygro-
phanous ; flesh pale yellowish ; gills adnate, connected by
veins, somewhat distant, very broad, darker olive than the
pileus; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, firm,
convex, colour of the pileus or a little paler, greenish-yellow,
remarkably silky-tibrillose, stuffed or hollow above; ring
librillose, green; spores 10 X 5 p..

Cortinarius {Dermocybe) venetus, Fries, Epicr., p. 291 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 833s ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 263.

In woods.

Gregarious; very distinct. Base of stem often downy

74 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

and yellow. The yellow down of the pileus separates it
from C. depexus ; the colour is sea-green or clear yellow-green,
flesh greenish-yellow. Pileus obtusely umbonate. (Fries.)

Subgen. INOLOMA.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

* Gills white or pallid at first.

** Gills, veil, and stem becoming violet.

*** Gills and veil cinnamon, red, or ochraceous.

**** Gills and veil dusky, fuscous or olivaceous.

Subgen. INOLOMA.
* Gills at first white or pallid.

Cortinarius (Ino.) argentatus. Krombh.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convexo-plane, at length
broadly gibbous, silky then almost glabrous, silvery- grey r
shining, pale whitish-brown near the margin, at first lilac
and silky ; flesh whitish ; gills emarginate, crowded, serrulate,
3 lines broad, pallid then watery cinnamon; stem 4 in.
long, | in. and more thick, attenuated from the scarcely
bulbous base, glabrous, silvery- white, base at length yellowish,.
solid, white within ; veil fibrillose, fugacious, pallid,
adhering to the margin of the pileus ; spores 8 x 5 /*.

Cortinarius argentatus, Krombholtz, Icon., t. ii. f. 27 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 250 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 745.

In woods.

Large, stout, inodorous, becoming pale; pileus sometimes
flexuous. Smell rather strong, but not foetid.

Var. pinetorum, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 46 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 746.

Smaller ; stem 2 in. long, pileus 2 in. broad, at first lilac
and silky ; odour weak.

Cortinarius (Ino.) opimus. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh very thick and very hard, white ;
convex then plane, deformed, wavy, margin broken, absolutely

CORTINARIUS. 75

dry, everywhere covered with short, ochraceous down, even,
thin, truly rimoso-rivulose ; gills emarginate, much narrower
than the thickness of the flesh of the pileus, slightly
crowded, whitish then tan-colour, crisped owing to the
incurved pileus ; stem very short, about 1 in. long, nearly
the same thickness, solid, very compact, base rooting,
whitish.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) opimus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 44 ; Fries,
Hym. Eur., p. 359.

On the ground.

Solitary. Distinguished by the veiy short, thick stem,
and the very thick, hard flesh cf the pileus.

Far. fulvobrunneus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 45.

Stem H in. long, 1 in. thick, attenuated below, fibrillosely
striate ; pileus undulated, thinner (margin thin), glabrous,
but rimoso-rivulose, tawny- brown ; gills very broad.

The present variety has not, so far as I am aware, been
observed in Britain.

Cortinarius (Ino.) turgidus, Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, very fleshy and compact, convex
then flattened, very obtuse, hoary, rarely sprinkled with
shining atoms, silky near the margin when young, every-
where glabrous and silvery shining when adult ; flesh hard,
white, not changing colour ; gills emarginate, crowded, 2
lines broad, quite entire, whitish then tan-colour; stem
solid, stout, bulbous, base much swollen, spongy within,
rigid and cartilaginous externally, elastic, silvery white,
glabrous; but under a lens longitudinally fibriUose and
cracked in a reticulate manner, surface often undulated;
veil white, fibrillose, fugacious.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) turgidus, Fr., Epicr., p. 278 ; Fries,
Hym. Eur., p. 360.

In woods.

Allied to C. argentatus, but known by the very obtuse
pileus and the quite entire margin of the gills.

** Gills, stem, and veil becoming violet.

Continarius (Ino.) violaceus. Linn.
Pileus truly fleshy, 3-6 in. across, convex then expanded,
regular, obtuse, everywhere covered with persistent down,

76 FUNGUS-FLOE A.

.and for the most part cracked into squamules, dark violet,
(sometimes purple-violet, margin at first involute, flesh soft,
deeper-coloured than -the pileus ; gills somewhat adnate,
firm, distant, connected by veins, broader than the flesh of
the pileus, dark, .almost blackish- violet then cinnamori-
colour from the spores, but violet when the spores are fallen ;
stem solid, stout, remarkably bulbous, 3—4 in. long, 1 in.
thick, spongy, sofr, at first tomentose, then fibrillose, dark
violet, inside greyish-violet; veil woolly, blue, then ferru-
ginous from the falling spores; spores 12-14 X 9-10 ft.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) violacem, Linn., Cke., Hdbk., p. 252 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 770.

In woods.

Easily distinguished from allied forms by being dark
violet both outside and inside, the villoso-squamulose pileus,
and distant gills. (Fries.)

Large, handsome. Pileus 3-6 in. broad, obtuse, expanded.
Gills, when young deep violet, almost black. Stem 4 in.
high, when young subtomentose. (Fries.)

If attention be paid to the sporules and arachnoid veil,
there will be no danger of confounding this with any of the
varieties of A. personatus. (Berk.)

Cortinarius (Ino.) cyanites. Fr.

Pileus 3—5 in. across, fleshy, obtuse, silky, becoming
:smooth, pale sky-blue; gills adnexed, rounded behind, some-
what crowded, at first clear steel-blue ; stem 3-5 in. long,
|-| in. thick at the apex, bulbous, smooth, sky-blue, con-
taining a blood-red juice ; spores elliptical, 10 x 5-6 p..

Cortinarius (Inoloma} cyanites, Fries, Epicr., p. 279 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 252."

In woods.

The stem gives out a blood-red juice when compressed.
Pileus at length glabrous, livid-brownish. Flesh at first
pale sky-blue, then dingy white, and often tinged red.

Var. major. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 361. Pileus and stem
fleshy, tardily becoming reddish; gills rather distant, dark
bluish-grey. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Ino.) muricinus. Fr.
Pileus 3—4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse,
becoming smooth, violaceous then with a reddish tinge,

CORTINARIUS. 77

margin whitish - fibrillose ; gills emarginate, somewhat
crowded, purplish- violet, broad ; ) stem about 3 in. long,,
bulbous, attenuated upwards, about § in. thick at the apex,
villose, purplish-violet, flesh without juice ; veil white at
first ; spores 8-9 X 4-5 p..

Cortinarius (Inoloma) muricinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 279 ; Cke.,.
Hdbk., p. 252 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 815.

In larch-woods, &c.

Stem stout, somewhat woolly, pileus thick, spongy, 3-4 in.
broad, gills \ in. broad, at length reddish-liver colour, smell
peculiar. Flesh juiceless, sky-blue then whitish. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Ino.) alboviolaceus. Fr. (figs. 7, 8,
12, p. 16.)

Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex, broadly umbonate or gibbous,,
dry, prettily innately silky and even, the fibrils longi-
tudinally adpressed, whitish-violet ; flesh watery, bright
bluish-white ; gills adnate, scarcely emarginate, 2-3 lines
broad, not crowded, somewhat serrulate at the margin,
colour a peculiar greyish-violet, at length greyish-cinnamon ;
stem 2 in. long, \-\ in. thick, solid, firm, clavately bulbous,,
or conically attenuated, whitish-violet outside and inside,
with white down, fibrillose above from the veil, and with a
white ring-like zone at the middle of the stem; spores
12 X 5-6 /x.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) alboviolaceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 280;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 253 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 747.

In beech woods, &c., amongst fallen leaves.

Smell none, taste not remarkable ; stem somewhat conical
and often perouately ringed. Flesh juicy, bluish-white.

Cortinarius (Ino.) malachius. Fr.
Pileus about 2 in. across, truly and equally fleshy, com-
monly compact, convex then expanded, obtuse or slightly
gibbous, pale lilac then rusty brown, pale tan when dry,
hoary from minute fasciculate down, or towards the margin
*ilky ; flesh whitish ; gills emarginate, crowded, purple,
becoming pale, at length watery ferruginous; stem bulbous
(when growing on rotten pine leaves very ventricose, or
sometimes equal), always stout, 3—4 in. and more long, often
1 in. thick, frequently deformed, bluish-lilac then whitish,

78 FUNGUS-FLORA.

solid but spongy within, soft, pallid ; veil at first somewhat
peronate but commonly the stem is naked, apex delicately
cortinated, fibrils becoming cinnamon-tinted from the spores,
a white, membranaceous ring is rarely present ; spores
10-12 x 6-7 fji.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) malachius, Fries, Epicr., p. 280 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 253 ; Cke., Jllustr., pi. 756.

In fir woods.

Flesh of stem soft, pileus equally flesh, hoary with fas-
ciculate down, at first similar to Cort. armeniacus, but at
length discoloured and hygrophanous. Inodorous. A perfect,
membranaceous ring is sometimes present. (Fries.)

Flesh of the stem soft, often contorted and ventricose,
3-4 in. long and 1 in. thick. Pileus 2 in. broad, lilac, then
tawny ferruginous, or when dry of a brick-red, becoming
pale, hoary with a whitish pubescence, or silky at the
margin. Spores 10-12 x 6-7 /*. (Cooke.)

Cortinarius (Ino.) camphoratus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded,
obtuse, at first silky and lilac-colour, then almost glabrous
and whitish or yellowish, not hygrophanous ; flesh blue ;
gills at first arcuate, commonly adnato-decurrent, but some-
times emarginate, thin, crowded, at first deep sky-blue then
purplish ; stem 3—5 in. long, soft, bulbous or obclavate, ^—1
in. thick, woolly-peronate when young, violet inside and
base white, solid ; cortina fibrillose, blue, at length cinnamon
from the spores; spores ochraceous-cinnamon, elliptical,
9 X 6/*.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) campTioratus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 50 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 253 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 771.

In piue woods, &c.

This, and the two following (C. hircinus and C. traganus),
are distinguished from all others by their foetid and highly-
penetrating odour. The smell of the present species is
altogether peculiar, and quite different from the goat-like
emell of C. Jiircinus. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Ino.) hircinus. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, fleshy, obtusely gibbous, silky,
with adpressed, violet fibrils, becoming pale, disc almost

CORTINARIUS. 79

glabrous, becoming ferruginous ; gills emarginate, rather
distant, broad, margin entire, violet then cinnamon; stem
bulbous, juiceless, cortinate, violet then pallid, base and
inside yellowish.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) Jiircinus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 362;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 253.

In fir woods. Exceedingly foetid.

Exactly intermediate between C. campnoratus and C. tra-
ganus. External colours and gills of the first ; internally
and with the very foetid odour of the second.

Differs from C. camplwraius :"(!) goat-like odour ; (2) dingy
flesh becoming yellowish; (3) base of stem yellow inside,
disc of pileus becoming ferruginous : (4) the rather distant
gills being sky-blue then cinnamon. Differs from C. traganus
(1) gills at first violet, not ochraceous ; (2) flesh not ochra-
ceous-saffron ; (3) gills thinner, quite entire. (Fries.)

* * * Gills and veil cinnamon, red, or ochre.

Cortinarius (Ino.) traganus. Fr.

Pileus, about 3 in. across, very fleshy, convex then ex-
panded, obtuse, dry, at first silky, even, purple-lilac, soon
becoming pale, at length almost glabrous and yellowish,
same colour inside ; gills emarginate, broad, distant, distinct,
firm, saffron-ochraceous at length cinnamon, margin slightly
orenate ; stem 3-5 in. long, £-1 in. thick, base truly villosc,
very bulbous, 1-2 in. thick, at first silky then fibrillose,
violet then whitish, inside deep saffron ochraceous ; veil con-
tinuous with the silky covering of the pileus, pale violet,
then cinnamon from the pip-shaped spores, 9-10 x 6 p..

Cortinarius (Inoloma) traganus, Fries, Cke., Hdbk., p. 253 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 757.

Agaricus traganus, Schaeffer, t. 56.

In pine woods, &c.

Eeadily distinguished by the very foetid odour, and by
the thick, distant gills being at first saffron-ochraceous.
(Fries.)

Far. finitimus, Weinm., p. 155.

Pileus silky, at length smooth, lilac, as is also the stem,
which is yellowish and mottled within, but not saffron-

80 FUNGUS-FLOE A.

colour nor brown. Smell not at all that of the typical form,
but pleasant though peculiar, resembling that of guni just
beginning to ferment.

This peculiar form is the move interesting, as it has not
been met with in Sweden. (B. & Br.)

Cortinarius (Ino.) suillus. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, elsewhere
thin, convex, obtuse, dingy and pallid brick-red, slightly
silky towards the margin, sometimes floccosely squamulose ;
gills adnate, up to ^ in. broad, rather distant, cinnamon,
opaque ; stem stout, spongy, 3-4 in. long, |-1 in. thick,
clavately-bulbous, attenuated upwards, dingy, pallid, darker
when bruised ; apex with a transient violet shade, silky,
even ; remainder fibrillcse, and sometimes white and woolly
below.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) suillus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 51 ; Fries,
Hym. Eur., p. 362.

In pine woods.

Gills fragile, connected by veins at the base. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Ino.) tophaceus. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse,
ta \vny-ochraceous, villosely scaly, flesh white; gills emar-
ginate, distant, tawny-cinnamon, 3 lines broad; stem 2-3 in.
long, swollen at the base and more than 1 in. thick, thinner
upwards, villosely scaly, yellowish as is also the veil; spores
elliptic-fusiform, 10 X 5.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) tophaceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 281 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 254; Cke., Jllustr., pi. 772.

In beech woods, &••.

Suhcaespitose. Solitary specimens are larger and resemble
C. violaceus in habit, but differ in being entirely ochraceous ;
when caetpitose the specimens are more slender, stem often
twisted. Smell not remarkable. (Fries.)

Differs from C. redemitus in the expanded very obtuse
pileus. Cooke says the whole fungus is golden yellow.

Cortinarius (Ino.) redemitus. Cooke.
Pileus 2—3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded, at
length broadly gibbous, golden-yellow, deepest and rather
tawny at the disc, variegated with darker, adprcssed fibril-

CORTINARIUS. 81

lose squamules; gills emarginate, rather distant, 3 lines
feroad, tawny-cinnamon; stem about 2 in. long, up to f in.
across at the thickened base, fibrillosely striate, yellowish ;
flesh like that of the pileus whitish ; veil whitish, forming a
cinnamon, indistinct zone on the stem; spores elliptic-
fusiform, 10 x 5 ft.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) redemitus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 254 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 772.

Cortinarius (Inolomd) tophaceus, var. redemitus, Fries, Hym.
Eur., p. 363.

In woods.

Distinguished from C. tophaceus by the stem not being
bulbous, but only slightly thickened at the base, and in not
being villosely scaly.

Cortinarius (Ino.) callisteus. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, fleshy, but thin at first, especially
at the incurved margin, convex then expanded, scarcelj-
urnbonate, almost glabrous, silky towards the margin, com-
monly broken up into minute, innate squamules, tawny-
yellow, not hygrophanous nor becoming pale ; flesh yellowish-
white ; gills broadly aduate, grown to each other behind
and to the stem with down, plane, rather distant, distinct,
4 lines broad, thin, quite entire, tawny-yellow ; stem 3-5 in .
long, ^ in thick, more at the base, clavato-bulbous, equally
attenuated upwards, distinctly fibrillose striate, rhubarb-
colour without and within, firm, soft and spongy only at
the base, solid.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) callisteus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 53 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 254 ; Cke., Illustr., pis. 774 and 864.

In pine woods. Smell none.

Inodorous. Stem 3-4 in. long, attenuated from the soft
clavate base, apex 3—4 lines thick, entirely fleshy, rhubarb-
colour outside and inside. Pileus equally fleshy but thin,
not hygrophanous, shining, 2 in. broad, margin arched and
incurved, appendiculate at first with the fibrillose, similarly
coloured veil. Gills at first rather crowded, then somewhat
distant, oblong, plane, connected together at the base and to
the stem by a flocculose substance. (Fries.)

Pileus 4 in. broad, fleshy, the margin thin, deep tawny
inclining to ferruginous ; at first convex, flatly hemispherical

VOL. II. G

82 FUNGUS-FLORA.

or subcampanulate, very obtuse, at length expanded plano-
convex clothed with very minute reflexed scales ; flesh
•whitish partaking very slightly of the colour of the pileus ;
margin at first subin volute. Gills £- in. broad, brittle,
Tindulate, nearly horizontal, adnate, soon starting from the
stem and connected with it by a few fibres, very minutely
emarginate, pale tawny clouded with the sporules. Stem
4 in. high, nearly 1 thick in the centre, 1-j- at the base,
bulbous, fibrillose from the remains of the fugaceous veil
which forms in the very young plant a slight extremely
evanescent ring which is coloured by the sporules; solid,
tawny like the pileus. At the base arc a few strong roots.
There is not the slightest tinge of purple or violet in any
stage of growth. (Berk.)

Cortinarius (Ino.) Bulliardi. Fr.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, campanulate then convex, rather
gibbous, even or slightly squamulose, rufescent ; gills ad-
nexed with a decurrent tooth, about 3 lines broad, purplish
then ferruginous, edge crenulate, whitish ; stem 2-3 in. long,
-i in. thick, bulbous, firm, with vermilion fibrils at the base,
apex whitish, veil fugacious, whitish ; spores 8-10 x 6 p..

Cortinarius (Inoloma) Bulliardi, Fries, Epicr., p. 282 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 255; Cke., lllustr., pi. 758.

In woods.

Small but robust, strong scented. Pileus 2 in. bread,
commonly glabrous, but sometimes entirely fibrillose. Flesh
white, rufescent towards the base of the stem. There is a
form approaching C. muricinus and C. caninus, having the
stem violet above, reddish below, pileus rufous-violet, flesh
bluish near the gills, gills crowded. (Fries.)

Eeadily known by the vermilion bulb.

Cortinarius (Ino.) vinosus. Cooke.
Pileus 2-3 in. across, semiglobose then expanded, at length
flattened, vinous red, smooth, even, shining ; gills adnexed,
venti icose, scarcely crowded, about 2 lines broad, ferruginous
cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long, 4 in thick, thickened abruptly
into a marginate, bulbous, reddish base, cylindrical, upper
part pale violet, reddish below ; veil reddish ; spores almond-
fchaped, granular, 16-18 x 8 p..

CORTINARIUS. 83

Cortinarius (Inoloma) vinosus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 255; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 759.

Under trees.

Distinguished by the vinous or purplish-red pileus and
the distinctly rnarginate bulb of the stein.

Cortinarius (Ino.) bolaris. Fr.

Fileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then plane,
rather umbonate, margin sometimes upturned and splitting
or flexuous, reddish-yellow, becoming pale, sprinkled with
small, innate, pilose, adpressed, saffron-red squamules; gills
very slightly decurrent, crowded, soft, watery cinnamon ;
stem 2-3 in. long, almost even, squamose, coloured like the
pileus, stuffed then hollow, often flexuous ; spores elliptical,
10 X 5 ft.

Cortinarius (Inoloma} bolaris, Fries, Epicr., p. 282; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 760 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 255.

In beech woods, &c. Sometimes subcaespitose.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, obsoletely
umbonate, yellowish-red or becoming pallid, glabrous, 01
spotted with adpressed red scales (similar to the stem) rarely
all red from the scales being contiguous; flesh very firm,
white ; gills commonly decurrent, arcuate, sometimes adnate,
or even emarginate, crowded, at first dilute then dusky
cinnamon ; stem about 3 in. long, 4 lines thick, attenuated
from the base, whitish-fibrillose above, becoming glabrous
and pallid ; tomentose below, tomentum whitish or reddish,
brownish within, solid, fibrous. (Fries.)

**** Gills or veil dark, fuscous, or olive.

Cortinarius (Ino.) pholideus. Fr.
Fileus 2—4 in. across, convex, expanded, obtusely umbo-
nate, flesh thin except at the centre, brownish, when dry
fawn-colourod and densely covered with minute, erect,
brown squamules ; gills rather distant, broad, emarginate,
when young lilac then dingy cinnamon ; stem 3-4 in long,
^— | in. thick, thinner above, silky-fibrous, shining, with
numerous dark brown transverse squamules below the ring,
smooth above and tinged lilac; spores broadly elliptical,
obliquely apiculate, 5x3' 5-4 p..

o 2

84 FUXGUS-FLOEA.

Cortinarius (Inoloma) pholideus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 364;
Cke., Illustr., t. 761 (pileus too dark brown).

In woods.

Easily known by the squarrose stem and pileus, and the
dingy cinnamon-coloured gills. The pileus has sometimes
an olive tinge.

Cortinarius (Ino.) sublanatus. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thin, whitish ; campanulate
then expanded, umbonate, fawn-colour then tan-colour with
a fuscous tinge, at length rusty, ornamented with scattered,
silky, innate, brownish squamules ; gills adnate, broadest
behind, scarcely crowded, 3 lines broad ; yellowish-olive, at
length cinnamon ; stem solid, 3 in. long, conically elongated,
or clavately bulbous, base up to 1 in. across, tomcntosely
squamose with the brown fibrillose veil up to the middle,
naked above and slightly tinged violet; spores almond-
shaped, granular, 14— 16 X 8— 9 //.. Odour of radishes.

Cortinarius (Inoloma} sublanatus. Fries, Moiiogr., ii. p. 55 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 256 ; Cke., Illustr., p. 762.

Agaricus sublanatus, Sow., t. 224.

In fir woods, &c.

Intermediate between C. pJwlideus and C. valgus,

Smell like that of radishes. Pileus 3 in. broad, at length
broadly and obtusely umbonate, colour variable ; yellowish
brown ; scales brownish or white, sometimes silky adpressed.
Gills adnate or emarginate. Stem 3 in. high, yellowish
pallid, sometimes violet above. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Ino.) phrygianus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, convex, obtuse, honey-colour,
densely covered with simple, black hispid fibrils ; gills
rounded behind, rather crowded, dingy yellow; stem some-
what bulbous, soft, paler than the pileus, whitish when dry,
with black filaments forming a lax network.

Cortinarius (Inoloma} phrygianus, Fries, Epicr., p. 283 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 256.

In damp beech woods, &c.

Habit almost that of Armillaria mellea. Smell like
radishes.

Cortinarius (Ino.) arenatus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex, gibbous at first, light red

CORTINAKIUS. 85

then pale brown, granulated -with floceose scales ; flesh thin
except at the disc; gills emarginate, ventricose, somewhat
crowded, yellowish cinnamon ; stem about 3 in. long, -J in.
or more thick at the apex, incrassated downwards, clad with
brown scales up to above the middle, apex smooth, paler than
the rest ; spores obliquely elliptical, 7 x 5 p..

Agaricus (Inoloma) arenatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 283; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 256 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 763.

In woods.

Closely allied to C. phrygianus, but in the latter the
squamules of the pileus and stem are blackish, and the smell
is strong, resembling radishes. Like the last-named, the
present species has an olive tinge when young. Difficult to
distinguish from a discoloured form of (7. pholideus, but in
the present species the gills are never violet.

Cortinarius (Ino.) penicillatus. Fr.

Pileus 1-1 1 iu. across, convex, obtusely umbonate, dry,
densely floccoso-squamose, rusty-brown, the innate scales
darker, tawny when dry ; flesh very thin, same colour ; gills
separating from the stem, plane, rather crowded, 3 lines
broad, obscure brown ; stem 2-3 in. long. 2-3 lines thick,
equal, fragile, furnished with concentric, rusty-brown, ad-
pressed squamules almost up to the apex, paler than the
pileus, palest and adpressedly silky at the very apex, stuffed ;
spores pip-shaped, minutely granular, 8-9 X 5 /».

Cortinarius (Inoloma) penicillatus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 56 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 256 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 764.

In pine woods, &c.

Placed hero on account of the innately squamulose pileus
and affinity with preceding species, but the size is quite that
of the Dermocybese. (Fries.)

Subgen. MYXACIUM.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I COLLINITI.

Stem floccosely sheathed, flocci at first covered with
gluten.

86 FUNGUS-FLOEA.

ff DELIBUTI.

Veil entirely viscid, hence the stem is not floccosely
sheathed, but varnished when dry.

* Gills whitish, then pale-tan.

** Gills at first violet, blue, or reddish.

*** Gills at first ochraceous or cinnamon.

COLLINITI.

Cortinarius (Myx.) arvinaceus. Fr.

Pileus 3—4 in. across, fleshy, soft, convex soon expanded,
at length reflexed and undulate, even, glabrous, viscid,
shining when dry, golden-tawny or reddish-tan, when
vigorous the margin is slightly striate ; gills adnato-decur-
rent, very broad, ^-f in., smooth at the sides, rather distant,
margin crenulate,at first straw-colour, then clear ochraceous;
stem solid, 5—8 in. high, ^ in. thick, equal, silky- viscid, never
broken up into squamules, white; veil fibrillose and fugacious ;
spores bright ochraceous.

Cortinarms (Myxacium) arvinaceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 274;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 248 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 737.
^ In beech woods, &c.

Stem a span high or sometimes shorter, | in. thick, pileus
3-4 in. broad, golden-tawny, viscid, not scaly nor glutinous,
obtuse; gills up to £ in. broad, crenulate, rather distant;
veil not forming a ring. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Myx.) collinitus. Fr.

Pileus 3-5 in. across, fleshy except the margin, convex
with the margin incurved, then expanded, obtuse, even,
glutinous, shining, tawny-orange; gills adnate, 3-6 lines
broad, tan-colour or greyish then cinnamon; stem 3-5 in.
long, up to 1 in. thick, firm, cylindrical, transversely scaly
from the breaking up of the floccose, glutinous veil ; spores
12 x 6 ft.

Cortinarius (Myxaciurn) collinitus, Fries, Epicr., p. 274 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 248 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 738.

CORTINAEIUS. 87

In woods, amongst heather, &c.

Stem sometimes bluish, sometimes white, soft, evidently
eortinate at first. Pileus golden- tawny, with a persistent,
similarly-coloured gluten, shining when dry. There are
several forms : (&) pileus wavy, stem brownish ; (c) small.
pileus pale yellow or straw-colour, stem with concentric
yellow scales, gills white ; (d) very small, pileus bay-brown,
stem scarcely 1 in. long. (Fries.)

Far. mucosus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 355; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 249 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 739.

Firmer, stem even, silky, usually white, sometimes tinged
with blue, 2-3 in. long, -i-1 in. thick ; pileus 2-4 in. across ;
gills whitish then ferruginous, 3-6 lines broad.

In pine woods, &c.

Cortinarius (Myx.) mucifluus. Fr.

Pileus 1^—3 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then ex-
panded, tawny, margin striate, yellowish, covered with
evanescent, hyaline mucus ; stem 2—3 in. long, 4 lines thick
at the apex, becoming slightly thinner downwards, soft,
viscid from the fugacious floccosely scaly veil, smooth and
whitish above the veil ; gills adnate, distinct, pale tan-colour
then watery cinnamon; spores granular, 12 x 7 p.

Cortinarius (Myxacium) mucifluus, Fries, Epicr., p. 274;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 249 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 740.

On the ground.

Abundant in sandy, heathy pine-woods. Allied to C.
vollinitus, of which it was for a long time considered
a variety; differs more especially as follows: (1) stem
spongy, attenuated downwards, white; (2) pileus thinner,
campanulate then expanded, at length reflexed and wavy,
the membranaceous margin striate; (3) colour of pileus
livid tan, tan-colour and opaque when dry; (4) gluten of
the pileus thin, hyaline, diffluent, not forming a thick, per-
sistent, bright pellicle ; (5) odour sweet. Gills tan-colour
then cinnamon. There is no trace of violet in any part of
the fungus. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Myx.) elatior. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, disc rather fleshy, cylindrical or
bullato then campanulate, at length expanded and somewhat
reflexed, disc just over the stem obtuse and even, the rest up

£8 FUNGUS-FLORA.

to the margin almost membranaceous and longitudinally
plicato-rugose, fragile, rather viscid, usually livid-yellow
when moist, dingy ochraceous when dry ; gills adnate, at
first about 3 lines broad, becoming much broader, up to 1 in.,
rather distant, connected by veins, rugose at the sides,
always dark, brownish -cinnamon ; stem solid, soft, 5-7 in.
long, \ in. and more thick, commonly attenuate at both
ends, especially the base, lon<>itudinally fibrous, with broken-
up, whitish, viscid scales, rarely tinged violet; veil viscid,
fugacious ; spores 12 x 6 p..

Cortinarius (Myxacium) elatior, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 37 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 249 ; Cke, Illustr., pis. 741 and 742.

In woods, especially pine.

Large, remarkable for the thin flesh of the pileus; colour
livid bay, ochraceous, or tan, but sometimes also blackish-bay,
brownish-violet, greyish with the margin violet, whitish, &c.
Gills always dark, also violet-brown ; stem white, sometimes
violaceous, concentrically squamulose and silky. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Myx.) grallipes. Fr.

Pileus about 3 in. across, almost membranaceous except
at the disc, umbo prominent often acute, campanulate then
expanded, hygrophanus, even, rather viscid (not glutinous),
ferruginous when moist, ochraceous-tan when dry, opaque ;
gills entirely adnate, with a decurrent tooth, plane, attenu-
ated in front, crowded, sides smooth (not veined), tan-
colour then ferruginous; stem 4-6 in. long, 2-3 lines thick,
everywhere equal but flexuous, tough, fibroso-striate, viscid,
tawny-yellow, ochraceous when dry, apex naked, stuffed,
then hollow.

Cortinarius (Myxacium) grallipes, Fries, Epicr., p. 375 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 249 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 734.

In mixed woods.

With the habit of Cort. hinnuleus, but viscid, not lacerated,
Gills up to ^ in., broad behind. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Myx,) livido-ochraceus. Berk.
Pileus 1-1-|- in. across, almost membranaceous, convex then
plane, viscid, margin not striate, ochraceous; gills rounded
behind and slightly adnexed, broad in front, pale then cinna-
mon; stem about 1 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, attenuated at

CORTINARIUS. 89

both ends, whitish, striate above the evanescent veil, stuffed
with cottony fibres ; spores 8-10 x 5-7, /it, rough.

Cortinarius (Myxadum) livido-ochraceous, Berk., Outl., p. 187;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 250 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 767.

In woods.

Small, pileus about 1 in. broad, spores 8-10 x 5-7 /*,
rough in the original specimens in Berkeley's Herbarium.
The large size given in some books for the spores of this
species must be an error. (Cooke.)

Pileus 1 in. broad, quite smooth, shining, covered with a
thick subcartilaginous skin, the margin very thin but not
striate, plane, livid-ochraceous ; edge with a few indistinct
fragments of the veil. Gills cinnamon, the extreme margin
pale, moderately distant, broad in front, appearing as if
adnexed, but the tooth does not properly belong to the gills,
but to the stem, and is a small plate inserted between the
two laminae of the gills. Sporules elliptic. Stem 1 in.
high, f in. thick in the middle where it is swollen, attenuated
below, silky, of a beautiful violet, ochraceous at the base ;
subsquamoso, the portion above the obsolete ring striater
stuffed with cottony fibres. Inodorous ; taste like that of
A. campestris. (Berk.)

DELIBUTI.

* Gills whitish, then pale-tan.

Cortinarius (Myx.) nitidus. Fr.

Pileus 2-5 in. across, truly fleshy, convex then expanded,,
gibbous or almost obtuse, glabrous, glutinous, honey-coloured
tan, at length whitish, disc tan-colour, when dry the pellicle
is often cracked in streaks ; flesh, as also that of the stem,
compact, white; gills truly decurrent in every stage of
growth, at first arcuate, crowded, narrow, about 2 lines
broad, quite entire, at first whitish, soon tan-colour, at length
watery cinnamon ; stem stuffed, soft inside, or sometimes
hollow, base clavate, 2-4 in. long, £ in. and more thick, often
curved, tough, elastic, even, fibrillose and pallid- white when,
young, then naked and yellowish ; viscid when growing,
dry in dry weather, apex at first mealy with white powder ;

90 FUNGUS-FLORA.

veil slightly fibrillose, fugacious ; spores broadly pip-shaped,
10-1.2 x 8 fji.

Cortinarius (Myxadum) nitidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 375 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 378; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1191.

In beech woods, &c. Subcaespitose.

Stem tough, not bulbous ; pileus sometimes white.

** Gills at first violet, blue, or reddish.

Cortinarius (Myx.) delibutus. Fr.
Pileus 2-3 in. across; flesh thin especially towards the
margin, convex then expanded obtuse, at length more or less
depressed, yellowish, covered with viscid hyaline gluten,
silky-fibrillose after the gluten has disappeared ; gills adnate,
becoming rounded or slightly emarginate behind, somewhat
distant, 2-3 lines broad, margin pale, serrulate, often crisped,
at first blue or bluish-violet, then cinnamon-tan; stem
stuffed or hollow above, slightly and equally attenuated
upwards from the small sub-bulbous base, 2—4 in. long,
3-4 lines thick, elastic, viscid up to the scanty, fibrillose
fugacious cortina; even, glabrous, shining and yellowish-
white when dry, apex snow-white ; spores elliptical,

8x4(i,

Cortinarius (Myxaciurn) delibutus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 41 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 250 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 743.

In grassy places.

Small, soft, white within. Gills broad, plane, obsoletely
emarginate, with a decurrent tooth.

Far. elegans. Pileus and stem quite glabrous, yellow,
viscid, shining when dry ; flesh yellowish- white, gills pale,
crowded.

Cortinarius (Myx.) salor. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, obtusely conic or parabolic when
young, soon campanulate and at length expanded with a
broad umbo formed from the fleshy disc, very thin towards
the margin, small in proportion to the stem, grey, bright
violet towards the inflexed margin, at length all one colour,
even, glabrous, slightly viscid, fibrillose about the margin
when dry; flesh contiguous, white, then yellowish; gills
adnate, distant, distinct, 2-3 lines broad, quite entire, at first

CORTINAKIUS. 91

pale grey, edge greyish-violet, greyish-tan or cinnamon
when adult; stem 1J-3 in. long, conically attenuated from
the bulbous base, base 1 in., apex £ in. thick, white outside
and inside, but when young glutinous and bluish from the
viscid veil, solid ; spores pip-shaped, 8-10 x 6 /*.

Cortinarius (Myxacium) salor, Fries, Epicr., p. 276 ; Monogr.,
ii. p. 40 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 250 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 768.

In woods, &c.

Cortinarius (Myx.) illibatus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate then convex, at length
plane, subumbonate, with a viscid pellicle, even, glabrous,
yellow, disc darker ; flesh white, very thin at the margin ;
gills adnato-decurrent, arcuate, 2 lines or more broad, thin,
crowded, margin quite entire, flesh-colour then tan, at length
cinnamon from the spores ; stem stuffed, soon hollow, 3 in.
long, 2 lines or more thick, slightly attenuated upwards,
glabrous, viscid, white, generally with reddish spots above ;
veil superior, fibrillose, very fugacious ; spores granular,
15-16 x 6-7 /*.

Cortinarius (Myxaciutn) illibatus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 42 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 250.

In pine woods, &c.

Much smaller and more slender than C. delibutus ; without
-a trace of violet colour. (Fries.)

*** Gills at first ochraceous or cinnamon.

Cortinarius (Myx.) stillatitius. Fr. (figs. 3, 4,
p. 16.)

Pileus 1^-2 in. across, slightly fleshy, flesh soft, watery,
hygrophanous, convex then plane, subumbonate, even,
glabrous, covered at first, like the contiguous part of the
stem with clear blue gluten, when the gluten disappears,
livid fuscous, then greyish- white ; gills emarginate, scarcely
crowded, often distant, 3 lines broad, dark cinnamon; stem
hollow, very soft, 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equally
attenuated, covered with blue gluten at the apex; spores
8 x 4/i.

Cortinarius (Myxacium) stillatitius, Fries, Epicr., p. 277;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 251 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 831.

92 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Amongst moss in pastures, &c.

Somewhat resembling C. elatior, but smaller, and the veil
not floccose.

Cortinarius (Myx.) vibratilis. Fr.

Pileus about 1\ in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin,
convex then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous, very glutinous^
yellow, golden and very shining in dry weather : flesh
pallid ; gills rounded or emarginate, with a decurrent tooth,
crowded, thin, pallid then clear ochraceous-cinnamon ; stem
stuffed or solid, conically attentuated or ventricose (amongst
moss elongated, equal, flexuous), fragile, not elastic, whitish,
often with a median glutinous ring ; spores 8 x 5 //,.

Cortinarius (Myxacium) vibratilis, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 43 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 251 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 744.

In woods.

Habit of C. armeniacus and C. causticus, but differing from
both in the glutinous veil, snow-white stem, not rigid
outside, and brighter colour. Smell not unpleasant, but
taste very acrid. Pileus often becoming pale, sometimes
whitish. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Myx.) pluvius. Fr.

Pileus ^-1 in. across, slightly fleshy, flesh thin, coloured
like the pileus, at first subglobose, then convex, commonly
gibbous, when adult and moist pellucidly-striate, hygro-
phanous, viscid in rainy weather, shining, yellowish-tawny,
ochraceous-tan and opaque when dry ; when quite young
silky near the margin from the white veil ; gills adnexed,
seceding, ventricose, crowded, yellowish or at first whitish,
then ochraceous ; stem at first stuffed, then hollow, soft,
more or less elongated up to 3 in., equal or slightly attenuated
upwards, 2-3 lines thick, even, naked, or with whiter, silky
spots, obsoletely viscid ; veil fibrillose, involved in mucus,
very fugacious, spores granular, 10 x 8 p..

Cortinarius (Myxacium) pluvius, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 43 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 251 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 769.

In pine woods, &c.

Allied to C. vibratilis, but smaller and more slender. Taste
at first watery then acrid and pungent. (Fries.)

CORTIXARIUS. 93

Subgen. PHLEGMACIUM.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

f CLIDUCHII.

Partial veil superior, pendulous as an imperfect ring from
the top of the clavate or subequal stem.

* Gills pallid then tan-colour.

** Gills violet or purplish then cinnamon.

*** Gills yellow then cinnamon or ferruginous (not whitish
with a violet tinge at first).

**** Gills olivaceous.

ft SCAURI.

Bulb of stem depressed or turbinate, marginate. Stem
fleshy, fibrous, veil usually inferior on the stem, arising from
the margin of the bulb. Pileus equally fleshy. Gills some-
what sinuate.

* Gills whitish then tan-colour or pale cinnamon.

** Gills violet, blue, or purplish, at length cinnamon.
*** Gills ferruginous, tawny, or yellow.
**** Gills olivaceous.

fff ELASTICI.

Yeil simple, thin, fugacious, median or inferior. Stem
rather slender, never marginately bulbous nor peronate, but
rigidly elastic, externally cartilaginous, polished and shining,
apex naked, often becoming hollow; pileus thin, often
hygrophanous.

* Gills whitish then tan-colour or dingy cinnamon.
'* Gills violet, purplish, or flesh-colour.

*** Gills pure ochraceous, tawny, or ferruginous.

94 FUNGUS-FLORA.

t CLIDUCHII.
* Gills pallid then tan-colour.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) triumphans. Fr.

Pileus 3-5 in. broad, fleshy, convex then expanded, viscid,
even, at first spotted with minute, adpressed, dusky squamules
that soon disappear, yellow; gills emarginate, crowded,
quite entire at the margin, 3 lines broad, pallid then tan-
colour, stem 3-6 in. long, up to -£- in. thick, clavate, furnished
downwards with several concentric, squaniulose, tawny ring-
like zones, whitish, solid ; veil superior, fugacious or some-
times interwoven to form an imperfect ring ; spores ellipti-
cal, 12-14 x 5-6 p.

Cortinarius triumphans, Fries, Epicr., p. 256 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 236 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 692.

Coi'tinarius sublanatus, Hussey, 11, t. 22.

In woods under birch, &c.

Large, beautiful, the remains of the veil on the stem
resembling a triumphal column, hence the name. There are
two forms, the larger in humid woods; stem solid, firm,
attenuated upwards from the ovate bulbous base, 2—5 in,
long, ^ in. and more thick, striate yellowish-white, tawny
squamules are arranged in many circles (or rings) at
intervals on the stem (and readily separable), partial veil
superior, interwoven, forming a more or less complete ring.
Pileus fleshy, not very thick, convexo-plane, obtuse, regular,
3—5 in. broad, viscid when moist and yellowish-tan or
ochraceous, yellow when dry ; the disk variegated with spot-
like squamules or altogether naked. Margin even, not
incurved. Flesh of pileus and stem compact, white. Gills
emarginate, crowded, 3 lines broad, with a decurrent tooth,
and terminating in a contiguous white, mealy zone, densely
veined at the sides, plane, white, or very slightly tinted with
grey, at length clay colour or almost cinnamon. Small form
in dry birch, heathery woods, amongst heaps of leaves. Stem
3-4 in. long, up to 1 in. thick, often curved and rather root-
ing, variegated below with many concentric rings of yellow
squamules, naked above; resembling P. radicosa. Ring
superior, entire, but thin and deciduous, hiimid and floscose

CORTINARIUS. 95

towards the margin. Pileus smaller, more compact ; golden-
yellow or golden. Gills at first greyish-white. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) claricolor. Fr.

Pileus 3-5 in. broad, everywhere fleshy, convex then
expanded, at length depressed, at first everywhere, soon
towards the margin only, silky-villose, then entirely glabrous,
even, for the most part cracked into minute scales, yellow,
unchangeable ; gills variable in attachment, adnate, emar-
ginate, or free, crowded, at first white, (or in some forms,
greyish), then clay-colour, margin unequal ; stem 3 in. long,
.V in. and more thick, solid, firm, white, up to the superior
ring with white floccose squamules covered with loose
tomentum, above the ring powdered with white meal, the
jsquamules and ring disappear with age, stem sometimes
short and bulbous, sometimes elongated, conico-attenuate,
or equal ; flesh of pileus and stem white ; spores obliquely
pip-shaped, 11-12 X 6-7 p..

Cortinarius claricolor, Fries, Epicr., p. 257 ; Cke., Hdbk.r
p. 237 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 693.

On the ground amongst birch, heather, &c.

Very variable, but always robust and compact. Inter-
mediate between C. triumphans and C. turmalis ; remarkable
for the compact and rimosely-squamulose pileus. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) turmalis. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, compact, flesh white, convex then
plane, very obtuse, even, smooth (or sometimes indistinctly
piloso-virgate), covered when young with white, fugacious-
down, soon naked, viscid, dingy yellowish-tan, disc usually
darker, not changing colour; gills variously attached,
rounded, emarginate, or even with a decurrent tooth, rather
broad, crowded, white, then yellow-tan ; stem variable in
length, sometimes 3 in., at others 6 in. long, up to 1 in. thick,
very hard, rigid, cylindrical, sometimes attenuated at the
base, white when dry, when young with white down, naked
when mature, solid ; spores, 8-9 x 5 /A.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) turmalis, Fries, Epicr., p. 257 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 237 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 694.

On the ground. Usually growing in dense clusters, espe-
cially amongst heaps of beech leaves. Gills never tinged
with blue.

96 FUNGUS-FLORA.

The mealy, floccose covering of the pilens in C. caperaius
(not British), C. triumphans, C. claricolor, and C. turmalis, is
due to the presence of a universal veil ; in the first named
the stem is annulate, otherwise naked ; in the second with
•concentric rings of tawny squamules ; in the third woolly
with white squamules; in the present at first with white
woolliness, soon naked. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) crassus. Fr.

Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh very thick, soft, pallid, convex
then expanded and somewhat depressed, dingy yellow or
dingy tawny-yellow, disc glabrous, the remainder strigose
with innate fibrils, opaque, the disc only slightly viscid at
first ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, rather narrow, crowded,
quite entire, pallid, then pale dingy tan-colour; stem 3-4 in.
long, 1 in. and more thick at the incrassated base, fibrillose,
whitish, apex with white meal, solid ; spores rough, almond-
shaped, 15 x 7 /*.

Cortinarius (Phlegmaciuvi) crassus, Fries, Epicr., p. 257 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 237 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 695.

In moist woods.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) balteatus. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, compact, flattened, very obtuse, com-
monly depressed at the disc and often unequal, at first
viscid, shining when dry, innately floccose, fibrillose and
shining near the margin ; disc smoky-tawny or bay, pretty
violet or lilac near the margin ; but this colour often disap-
pears with age or when dry; gills distinctly emarginate,
broad in front, rather crowded, quite entire, at first pallid,
then somewhat tan-colour (nankin) ; stem solid, stout, very
compact, sometimes equal, sometimes ovately bulbous, 1|-
2 in. long, more than 1 in. thick, rarely longer, very minutely
velvety and dingy above the fibrillose, adpressed, rusty veil,
but in some specimens tomentose and white.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) balteatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 7 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 237'; Cke., Illustr., pi. 696.

In mixed woods.

The size, cuticle of pileus soon becoming flocculose, margin
villose and violet distinguish this species from its allies ; the
gills are sometimes rounded behind, and tan-colour; or sub-
decurrent, very narrow, and whitish. (Fries.)

CORTINARIUS. 97

Cortinarius (Phleg.) sebaceus. Fr.

Pileus 2^-5 in. across, flesh thin, equal, white, almost plane,
often very much waved, viscid, colour of suet, becoming pale,
glabrous, but at first sprinkled with white meal; gills
emarginate, not crowded, connected by veins, 4 lines broad,
tan-colour, paler at the sides; stem solid, stout, compact,
never bulbous, often twisted and compressed, 3-4 in. long,
sparingly fibrillose, pallid- white ; spores pip-shaped, 9 x 7 /x.

Cortinarius (PJilegmacium) sebaceus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 7 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 238 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 697.

In mixed woods.

Distinguished from C. balteatus by the general habit, paler
colour, and slender, fugacious veil. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) lustratus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, equally fleshy, convex then expanded,
very obtuse, viscid, even, glabrous, pallid, becoming whitish
when dry ; flesh rather thick, white ; gills rounded behind,
almost free, very crowded, narrow, slightly discoloured ;
stem 1-2 in. long, 4-5 lines thick, equal, rarely attenuated
at the base, glabrous except from a few fibrils of the veil,
whitish, soft and spongy inside ; spores ochraceous.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) lustratus, Fries, Epicr., p. 258 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 238 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 799.

Amongst grass in sunny places.

Superficially resembling Entoloma prunuloides, but with
ochraceous spores. Veil fibrillose, white, stretched from the
margin of the pileus to the stem.

** Gills violet or purplish, then cinnamon.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) varius. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, hemispherical then expanded, very
obtuse, regular, rather viscid, even, glabrous, clear tawny-
ferruginous, margin thin, at first incurved, with fragments
of the veil attached ; flesh firm, white ; gills emarginate,
thin, rather crowded, at first narrow and purplish-violet,
then broader and ochraceous-cinnamon, always entire ; stem
bulbous but not in the least marginate, compact, 1|-2| in.
long, 1 in. and more thick, white, adpressedly flocculose, the
superior veil pendulous.

VOL. II. H

98 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Cortinarius (Phlegmaciuni) varius, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 8 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 238 : Cke., Illustr., pi. 698.

Agaricus varius, Schaeff., t, 9.

In woods.

The stem is sometimes taller and almost equal, pileus
tawny-yellow, gills blue.

Very variable in size, but nearly constant in colour.
Differs from the two last (A. glaucopus and C. callochrous^ in
never having a blue tint on the stem. Gills, when young,
pale (purplish, the margin yellow, Schse/S), at length dilute,
of a clay colour inclining to cinnamon. Stem short or
elongated, marginato-bulbous or nearly equal, even or scaly.
(Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) cyanopus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thick, hemispherical then ex-
panded, even, viscid, margin thin, glabrous, livid-bay or
dingy tawny-brown ; gills adnate then adnexed and emar-
ginate, broad, rather crowded, violet, becoming paler ; istem
about 2 in. long, violet then whitish, naked above the superior,
thin veil, 1 in. or more thick, bulb depressed, oblique.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) cyanopus, Fries, Epicr., p. 258 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 238 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 699.

In woods.

Flesh of pileus not tinged violet, but dirty at first ; flesh
of stem faintly variegated with violet upwards. Bulb large,
spongy, depressed, often oblique, more or less rhomboid but
not marginate. Pileus livid-bay then tan-colour. Gills in
the same cluster varying from intense violet to almost
white. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) variicolor. Fr.

Pileus 4-5 in. across, flesh thick at the centre, thin towards
the margin, convex then expanded and discoid, viscid, red-
dish-bay, the tomentose margin violet ; gills slightly emar-
ginate with a decurrent tooth, somewhat arcuate, crowded,
bluish-tan then cinnamon ; stem 4—5 in. long, 1 in. or more
thick, base bulbous, diffused upwards into the pileus, at first
downy, blue then whitish, solid, flesh coloured like the
outside; spores 9—10 x 5 p..

Oortinarius (Phlegmacium) variicolor, Fries, Epicr., p. 259 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 239 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 700.

CORTINARIUS. 99

In pine woods, &c.

Very hard, compact, sweet ; stem solid, much expanded
into the pileus ; colour at first bay (rarely entirely covered
with violet down), then reddish. (Fries.)

Far. nemorensis, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 339 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 239 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 863.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, yellowish -bay, bluish at first near
the margin, compact, at first smooth, viscid, soon dry, opaque,
pilosely rivulose. stem 3 in. long, clavate, hollow and mealy
ut the apex, gills rounded behind and rather decurrent.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) largus. Fr.

Pileus 4-6 in. across, fleshy especially at the disc, margin
thin, convex then flattened, very obtuse, tan-colour or tawny
brick-red, slightly viscid, adpressedly silky-fibrillose when
dry, rivuloso-squamulose towards the margin, as a rule,
sometimes squamulose ; when young the pileus is sometimes
violet, and also violet at the margin when mature; gills
sometimes adnate, sometimes emarginate, crowded, up to
^ in. broad, greyish-tan then cinnamon; stem solid, some-
times short, slightly bulbous, 2J in. long, usually elongated,
4-5 in. long, 1 in. or more thick, equal, often curved or
ascending, fibrillose everywhere, superior veil pendulous,
above which the stem is pruinose, white tinged violet, some-
times red when bruised, flesh of the stem entirely fibrillose,
firm, greyish-white, becoming whitish when exposed to the
air, flesh of pileus similar; spores 12-14 X 7 /u.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) largus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 10 ;
€ke., Hdbk., p. 239 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 701.

In woods, &c.

Subcaespitose, large.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) riederi. Fr.

Pileus 2—3 in. across, flesh watery, thin except at the disc,
campanulate then expanded, even, glutinous, ochraceous,
shining when dry; gills adnate, rather thick, margin
irregular, lilac then cinnamon ; stem 3-4 in. long, -£ in.
thick at the base, clavate, lilac, silky-fibrillose; spores
elliptical, smooth, 12 x 5 /i.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) riederi, Fries, Epicr., p. 250;
€ke., Hdbk., p. 239 ; Cke., Illnstr., pi. 702.

H 2

100 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

In pine woods.

Stem 4—5 in. long, with tawny fibrils. Pileus 3 in. broad,
obtusely umbonate, glutinous when moist, obsoletely virgate,
oehraceous. Appears to be allied to the Myxacium group.
(Fries.)

*** Gills yellow, then cinnamon or ferruginous.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) saginus. Fr.

Pileus 4-5 in. across, fleshy, plano-convex, irregular,
wavy, viscid, yellow ; flesh soft, white ; gills truly decurrent,
4-5 lines broad, narrowed at both ends, dingy then pale
cinnamon, margin irregular ; stem solid, 3 in. long, 1 in.
and more thick, somewhat bulbous, fibrillose, yellowish, apex
naked ; veil fibrillose, fugacious, not very conspicuous.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) saginus, Fries, Epicr., p. 260 :
Cke., Hdbk., p. 240 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 703.

In pine woods, &c.

Allied to Cort. latus, differing in the fugacious ring and
yellow pileus. Gregarious, subcaespitose, large.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) russus. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then almost plane,
coppery-rufous, viscid, innately silky-fibrillose near the
margin ; gills adnate, crowded, about 3 lines broad, rusty-
rufous, connected by veins; stem about 3 in. high and
nearly 1 in. thick at the base, thinner upwards, adpressedly
fibrillose, pallid; veil fugacious; spores elliptical, 8-10
X 5 p..

Cortinarius (Phlegmaciurn) russus, Fries, Epicr., p. 261 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 240 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 751.

In moist woods.

Habit of Cort. rvfo-olivaceus. Stem somewhat ascending,
oblique, not tinged with violet, nor bulbous. Pileus not
repand, but often excentric, 4 in. broad, coppery-rufous.
Flesh soft, watery, then reddish-white. Taste not acrid, but
very nauseous. (Fries.)

Keadily distinguished by the coppery-rufous colour of the
pileus; bitter, nauseous taste; and the flesh-tinged, soft
flesh. Stem stuffed then hollow, 3 in. long, scarcely 1 in.
thick, attenuated upwards, but not bulbous; often curved

CORTINAEIUS. 101

and ascending, soft, adpressedly fibrillose, pallid-white, apex
very slightly pruinose. Cortina thin, fugacious. Pileus
fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, 4 in. broad, viscid,
disc glabrous, innately fibrillose near the margin, every-
where rufous ; gills obtusely adnate, (hardly rounded) 4-5
lines broad, crowded, connected by veins, rusty-rufous.
Affinities difficult to indicate. (Fries.)

**** Gills olivaceous.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) infractus. Fr.

Pileus about 3 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded,
oblique, viscid, everywhere glabrous, olive then yellowish,
opaque, having a brownish ridge near the margin, which is
at first broken, then revolute and wavy ; flesh watery, hardly
blue ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, crowded, up to 4 lines
broad, soft, transversely veined, colour very dark olive-
umber ; stem solid, 3 in. long, robust, ovately bulbous,
adpressedly fibrillose, soft, olive becoming pale ; spores pip-
shaped, 10 X 8 fi.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) infractus, Fries, Epicr., p. 261 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 240; Cke., Illustr., pi. 704.

In beech woods, &c.

Kobust. Stem brownish-olive, apex smoky, rarely tinged
violet. Pileus at first equal, opaque, lurid olive, then yel-
lowish ; at length with a brown zone near the margin ; flesh
dingy then whitish. Gills quite entire, scarcely crisped,
undulated. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) anfractus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, equally fleshy, but the thin, broken
margin usually very irregular, even, glabrous, dark olive
then tawny soot-colour ; flesh whitish, with a tinge of violet
near the apex of the stem ; gills emarginate, distant, 3-4
lines broad, crisped, smoky-olive ; stem clavate, immar-
ginate, 2 in. or more long, |-| in. thick, ascending, fibrillose,
very dingy, apex violet, often hollow; veil superior, not
forming a ring.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) anfractus, Fries, Monogr., ii.
p. 14 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 240 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 705.

In woods.

102 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Pileus never zoned, but sometimes smoke-colour when
moist; yellowish-olive and spotted when dry. Thinner than
C. infractus, at first usually more sinuous and irregular.
Stem ascending or curved. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) Berkeley!. Cooke.

Pileus 3-6 in. across, convex then expanded, very fleshy,
viscid, shining when dry, brown, darkest in the centre, often
with a tinge of lilac towards the margin, disc even, for
about an inch round the margin coarsely plicate or rugulose,
but not evenly striate, flesh ^ in. thick except the extreme
edge, white, margin with purple tinge ; gills rather close,
narrow, slightly emarginate, cinnamon with an olive tinge
at first ; stem 4-6 in. long, 1 in. thick above, base bulbous,
solid, flesh white, silky-fibril lose, white, veil persistent as an
indistinct brown broken line on stem ; spores yellow-brown,
elliptic-fusiform, rugulose, 15-16 X 8—9 //..

Cortinarius (Phlegmaciurn) Serkelei/i, Cke., Hdbk., p. 240 ;
Cke., Illustr., t. 706 (not good, margin too regularly grooved) ;
Cke., Illustr., t. 707, is also said to be this species, but if
really so it is a very marked variety.

Cortinarius torvus, Fries, Kalchbrenner, t. xxi., fig. 1
(excellent).

Cortinarius anfractus, Berk., not of Fries.

In woods. The present species is considered by con-
tinental mycologists as being the true C, torvus of Fries, but
the British specimens that I have seen fresh have a distinctly
viscid pileus, whereas C. torvus is a Telamonia. The present
species was named C. anfractus by Berkeley, but is certainly
not that species. When young the whole fungus is involved
in a whitish volva, patches of which frequently remain on
the pileus.

ft SCAUEI.
* Gills ichilish, then tan or pale cinnamon.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) multiformis. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, regular, convex then expanded,

very obtuse, becoming depressed, generally very viscid, even,

glabrous, every portion the same colour, yellow, yellow-tan,

tawny, &c., sometimes spotted, fibrilloso-virgate, or lacunose ;

COBTINARIUS. 103

flesh white, at first compact then soft, that of the pileus
becoming tinged yellow; gills emarginate, free or with a
minute decurrent tooth, very thin, crowded, straight, not
broad, at first white then yellowish-tan ; stem solid, 2-4 in.
long, about -\ in. thick, equal or attenuated, somewhat
glabrous or adpressedly fibrillose, naked (not pruinose)
white, then yellowish, bulb oblong, globose, or depressed,
1 in. thick ; spores ochraceous, rough, 10-12 x 5 //,.

Corlinarius (Phlegmacium) multiformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 263;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 241 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 708.

In woods.

Distinguished by the absence of a violet tinge, not hygro-
phanous, flesh white, gills crowded, serrulate, at first whitish.
(Fries.)

Far. flavescens, Cke., Hdbk., p. 241; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 709.

Similar in size to the typical form ; pileus tawny-yellow,
flesh tinged yellow, deep yellow at base of stem; gills yellow.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) napus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh firm, white, with a horny line
near the gills; convex then plane, obtuse, even, glabrous,
glutinous, smoke-colour then tawny-bay, margin broken ;
gills emarginate, rather distant, broad, crisped, smoky- white,
sides hyaline ; bulb distinct, obconic, acutely and obliquely
marginate, from this springs the stem, about 2 in. long, ^ in.
thick, equal, ascending, glabrous, firm, white, base at length
yellowish; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 X 5 //,.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium') napus, Fries, Epicr., p. 263 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 241 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 710.

In pine woods, <fec.

Allied to C. rapaceus, but quite distinct in the broad,
crisped, rather distant, smoky- white gills. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) allutus. Fr.

Pileus. about 1 in. across, flesh thin, rufescent, conical
then convex, finally expanded and sometimes depressed,
smooth, viscid, reddish russet, margin darker ; gills adnate,
rather crowded, crenulate, thin, whitish then rufescent;
stem about 1 in. long, viscid, white, apex mealy, reddish-
btriate below, marginately bulbous.

104 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) allutus, Fries, Epicr., p. 203;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 411 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 752.

In pine woods.

Pileus orange-yellow, disc paler, when moist, deep yellow
when dry. Gills sometimes decurrent. Small. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) talus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, equal, convex then plane, even,
glabrous, viscid, dingy -yellowish, becoming pale, margin
somewhat yellowish-olive ; flesh watery, dingy pallid- white,
variegated with hyaline spots and a horny line at the
junction of the gills; gills emarginate, rather crowded, clear
straw-colour or pallid ochraceous, soon discoloured ; stem
solid, 3 in. long, ^ in. thick, equal, cylindrical, not oblique,
almost glabrous, pallid, bulb small, subrotund, marginate;
spores 8-9 x 4-5 /x,.

Cortinarius (Phlegmaciuw) talus, Fries, Epicr., p. 263 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 242 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 71 J.

In woods.

Very pretty, closely allied to C. turbinatus, but distinguished
by the difference in colour. (Fries.)

** Gills violet, blue, or purplish, then cinnamon.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) glaucopus. Fr.

Pileus 3—4 in. across, flesh rather thin towards the margin,
becoming yellowish, at fii'st convex and incurved then ex-
panded, rather wavy, viscid, becoming floccosely squamulose
and fibrillose, olive-bay at first, soon tawny-yellow ; gills
emarginate, broad, bluish then tawny-cinnamon ; stem
2|-3 in. long, f in. thick, striate, bluish then pallid yellow,
marginately bulbous ; spores 8 x 4-5 /*.

Cortinarius (Pldegmacium) glaucopus, Fries, Epicr., p. 264;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 242 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 712.

In pine woods.

Stout, large, at first short, stem bulb-like then elongated,
3-4 in. long, straight, always thick, pale blue inside at first.
Pileus at first olive-bay, soon tawny-yellow, with an elevated
brown zone near the margin, as in C. infractus and C. pur-
purascens. (Fries.)

CORT1NARIUS. 105

Tufted, irregular. Whole plant when cut or bruised of a
beautiful violet. Pileus 3 in. broad, at first viscid, dirty
umber-tawny and brown, then tawny with a very faint tinge
of purple, expanded, shining, minutely fibrillose, the fibrillae
quite adpressed. Gills very broad, at first violet then cinna-
mon, emarginate, distant. Stem 1^ in. high, ^—1 in. thick,
composed of fibres, bulbous, at first tinged with violet,
nearly smooth except towards the bulb, where are a few
iibrillae dusted with the sporules. (Berk.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) calochrous. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, compact, convex then plane,
obtuse, viscid, spotted and often stained, tawny, yellowish
towards the margin, which is at first involute, often flexuous
when expanded ; flesh pure white ; gills emarginate, crowded,
dark purple-blue, margin serrate; stem l|-2 in. long, | in.
thick, equal, with a distinctly and abrupt marginate bulb,
which is sometimes depressed, fibrillose, yellowish, never be-
coming blue, solid and firm ; veil yellow, marginal, fugacious;
spores 7-8 x 4 p..

Cortinarius (Phlegmadum) calochrous, Fries, Epicr., p. 265 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 242 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 713.

In woods, especially beech.

Stem equal, short, not blue. Pileus commonly tawny,
yellow near the margin, which is involute, often flexuous,
but not arched. (Fries.)

Pileus 3-4 in. broad, truly carnose, viscid when moist,
nearly smooth with a satiny lustre, olivaceous-tawny when
young, tawny when full grown, flesh tinged with yellow,
and when young very dilute violet. Veil arachnoid, the
threads arising partly from the apex, partly from the middle
of the stem. Gills close, thin, emarginate, serrulate, at first
bright violet, then ferruginous with a dilute violet tinge ;
not at all olivaceous. Sporules elliptic. Stem 1-3 in. high,
1 in. thick, fibrillose, the fibrillae above copious and densely
dusted with the sporules, bulbous, violet towards the gills,
the rest whitish, when young very shaggy at the base. The
plant described above seems to be the var. b. of Fries. The
taste is astringent and the odour nauseous, like that of A.
radicosue, whereas Fries describes his species as inodorous
and insipid. The bright violet of the gills is not very

106 FUNGUS-FLORA.

persistent, but this may be owing to the dryness of the
summer in which it occurred. (Berk.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) caerulescens. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in, across, equally fleshy, convex then plane,
obtuse, regular, even, almost glabrous, but often fibrilloso-vir-
gate; viscid, when dry shining or opaque, dingy yellow, almost
tan-colour, varying to yellowish-brown, &c. ; gills slightly
rounded behind, adnexed, thin, closely crowded, 2 lines
broad, at first clear intense blue then becoming purplish,
at length dingy cinnamon ; stem about 2 in. long, i in. thick
(bulb more than an inch), firm, equally attenuated" upwards,
at first fibrillose, bright violet, then becoming pale and
whitish, naked, bulb often disappearing with age ; veil
fibrillose, fugacious; spores elliptical, 9-10 x 5 //..

Cortinarius caerulescens, Fries, Epicr., p. 265 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 242 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 721, 722.

Amongst moss in woods, &c.

Neither the gills nor the flesh change colour when broken.
a point which distinguishes the present from C. purpurascens.
When young every part is generally blue. Smell scarcely
any. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) purpurascens. Fr. (figs. 1, 2,
14, p. 16.)

Pileus 4-5 in. across, fleshy, disc compact, obtuse, wavy,
variable, covered with a dense layer of gluten, but opaque
when dry, bay or reddish then tawny-olivaceous, spotted;
often depressed round the margin, which is at first incurved
then wavy, marked with a raised brown line ; flesh entirely
clear blue ; gills broadly emarginate, 3 lines and more broad,
crowded, bluish-tan, then cinnamon, violet-purple when
bruised ; stem about 3 in. long, -§- in. and more thick, solid,
bulbous, everywhers fibrillose, intensely pallid clear blue,
very compact, juicy, becoming purplish-blue when touched,
bulb submarginate ; spores elliptical, 10-12 x 5—6 p..

Cortinarius purpurascens, Fries, Epicr., p. 265 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 243 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 723, 724.

In pine woods, &c.

Gills becoming spotted with purple when touched, a
character that separates the present species from some allies,

CORTINARIUS. 107

especially Cortinarius glaucopus. The form described above
is short, robust, very compact, juicy, and becoming purplish
blue when bruised. A second form occurs in dense beech
woods ; very large, rather caespitose, stem longer, rather
twisted, pileus undulate, up to 8 in. broad, brownish-tan,
then cinnamon from the falling spores. Gills at first greyish
purple ; remainder as in typical form. (Fries.)

Far. subpurpurascens, Fries, Epicr., p. 265; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 725 : Cke., Hdbk., p. 243.

Pileus not compact, obtuse, at length very much dilated,
and undulately waved, viscid, tawny smoke-colour, becoming
pale, obsoletely fibrilloso-virgate, rather spotted; stem at
length hollow, 3—4 in. long, J in. thick, subcylindrical,
marginately bulbous, fibrillose below, naked above, glabrous,
slightly striate, pale bluish or whitish ; gills sometimes
emarginate, almost free, sometimes dccurrent, pallid then
cinnamon, becoming purplish when bruised. Flesh soft,
white (very dilute blue) unchangeable.

In woods.

*** Gills ferruginous, tawny, or yellow.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) dibaplms. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in, across, convex then plane, at length depressed,
viscid, glabrous, purplish, the disc becoming yellowish, at
length variegated with lilac ; flesh yellow with a violet line
under the cuticle; gills adnate, slightly rounded, rather
crowded, about 3 lines broad, purplish-ferruginous, margin
quite entire; stem about 3 in. long, stuffed, marginately
bulbous, about | in. thick, fibrillose, yellow, shining, apex
purplish, yellow within ; spores 12 x 5 p.

Cortinarius (Phlegmadum) dibaphus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 21 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 243.

Cortinarius luteopes, Seer. n. 250.

In woods.

Taste and smell none.

Far. xanthophyllus. Cke., Hdbk., p. 243 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 753.

Gills at first, and for a long time, yellow.

108 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) turbinatus. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded,
obtuse, at length depressed, orbicular, even, glabrous, viscid,
dingy yellow or greenish, hygrophanous, opaque when dry ;
flesh soft, white ; gills attenuato-adnate, thin, crowded, broad,
quite entire, at first pale yellowish then somewhat ferru-
ginous ; stem equal, except the distinctly marginate, globoso-
depressed bulb, cylindrical, stuffed then hollow, commonly
about 2 in. long, but sometimes elongated, yellowish ; spores
14-16 X 7 p., rough.

Cortinarius (Pldegmacium) turbinatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 266 ;
Cke., Hdbk.,p. 243; Cke., Illustr., pi. 714.

Agaricus turbinatus, Bull., t. 110.

In beech woods, &c.

Distinguished amongst its allies by the regular, hygro-
phanous pileus, quite entire dingy ochraceo-ferruginous gills,
without a trace of blue or purple colour. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) corrosus. Fr.

Pileus 2—3 in. across, fleshy, soon expanded and umbilicate,
smooth, viscid, ferruginous then pale tan-colour, at length
rivulose, somewhat floccose, opaque when dry, flesh hard,
white ; gills emarginate, closely crowded, narrow, somewhat
ferruginous at first ; stem 1-1 J in. long, i-f in. thick, im-
perfectly hollow, naked and white at the apex, bulb depressed,
marginate ; veil fibrillose, white.

Cortinarius (Phlegmaciuni) corrosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 266 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 244 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 715.

In pine woods.

Smaller than C. fulgens. Pileus ferruginous then tan-colour,
opaque, 2—3 in. across, edge of the gills wavy, rounded, free.
Smell not remarkable. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) fulgens. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, very fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse,
viscid, sometimes with drop-like spots, at length silky-
fibrillose or minutely squamulose, deep, persistent tawny-
orange ; flesh very compact, yellowish-white, at length
spongy and tan-colour ; gills emarginate, 3 lines broad, rather
crowded, quite entire, at first bright yellow, at length rather

CORTINARIUS. 109

distant, tawny or ferruginous from the spores ; stem solid,
short, yellow, densely fibrillose from the yellow veil (viscid
iu moist weather), woolly, about 3 in. long when adult, bulb
depressed, marginate, oblique ; spores elliptical, 9 x 5 /*.

Cortinarius fulgens, Fries, Epicr., p. 267 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
244; Cke., Illustr., pi. 716.

In woods.

Very showy, robust, tawny-golden, woolliness of the stem
viscid when young.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) fulmineus. Fr.

Pileus l|-2 in. across, flesh thick, convex then almost
plane, viscid, tawny, margin orange, with small aggluti-
nated rust-coloured scales ; gills rounded behind, adnexed,
crowded, l£ line broad, at first pure yellow ; stem about 1 in.
long, |-f in. thick, yellow, apex with a white veil, solid,
bulb large, marginate, rooting, more or less triangular in
section ; spores elliptic-fusiform, rough, 10 x 5-6 p.

Cortinarius (Phleymacium) fulmineus, Fries, Epicr., p. 267 ;.
Cke., Hdbk., p. 244 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 717.

In shady woods.

Very short, robust, sweet. Stem not filamentous, slightly
viscid at first, bulb larger than the pileus. Pileus tawny,
almost brown, margin orange. Flesh thick, white, often
yellow at the margin or tinged yellow everywhere. (Fries.)

Differing from C. corrosus in the yellow stem and presence
of agglutinate scales on the viscid pileus. C. fulgens differs-
from the present species in the spongy, pale tan-coloured
flesh.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) orichalceus. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded,
glabrous, covered with a viscid pellicle, reddish-tawny, disc
rubiginous, cracked into squamules, margin becoming livid ;
gills somewhat sinuate or rounded behind, annexed, 3-4 lines
broad, greenish sulphur-colour; stem 2-3 in. long, | in.
thick, equal, fibrillose, yellowish, marginately bulbous, solid.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) orichalceus, Fries., Epicr., p. 267 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 244; Cke., Illustr., pi. 754.

Under pine-trees, &c.

Flesh sometimes white, yellow or greenish-yellow at the

110 FUNGUS-FLORA.

margin, sometimes dirty, all alike, watery , stem almost
naked, or fibrillose and viscid, 2-3 in. long, £ in. thick, "bulb
depressed. Pileus 3 in. broad, colour peculiar , gills very
broad behind. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) testaceus. Cooke.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then flattened and
obtusely umbonate, or depressed, brick-red, rather vinous,
growing paler with age, smooth, even, viscid ; gills 3-5 lines
broad, adnate and a little emarginate, scarcely crowded,
dusky cinnamon ; stem 3-4 in. long, |- in. thick, attenuated
upwards from a submarginate, bulbous base, whitish above,
becoming rnfous about the base, longitudinally fibrously
etriate below, solid, flesh with a tinge of flesh-colour,
becoming ruddy at the apex and base ; spores elliptical, ends
rather acute, rough, 16 x 8 p..

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) testaceus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 378;
€ke., Illustr., pi. 1190.

On the ground.

**** Gills olivaceous.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) prasinus. Fr.

Pileus 2—3 in. across, compact, con vexo- plane, very obtuse,
regular, viscid, spotted as if scaly, sometimes dingy bluish-
green, sometimes smoky tawny, margin regularly involute ;
flesh dirty white; gills emarginate, not crowded, rather
distant when full grown, rather crisped, yellowish olive or
almost olive, dark greyish-olive at the base ; stem about 2 in.
long, I in. thick, basejmarginately bulbous, pallid green, not
becoming violet, solid, flesh greenish white ; veil scanty,
whitish or greenish; spores 10 x 5 p, smooth.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) prasinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 268 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 245 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 735.

In beech woods, &c.

Short, firm, mild, about the size of Cort. caloclirous.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) atrovirens. Kalchbr.
Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh rather thin, tinged green,
convex, even, viscid, dark green or olive-umber ; gills adnate,
crowded, 2-3 lines broad, yellowish green then cinnamon ;

CORTINARIUS. Ill

stem about 3 in. long, fibrillose except the somewhat turbi-
nate, margiuate bulb, solid, flesh tinted with bluish-green ;
spores elliptical, 10 x 6 /*.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) atrovirens, Kalchbr., Hym.
Hung., p. 34, t. 19, f. 3 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 215 ; Cke., lUustr.,
pi. 736.

In pine woods, &c.

Kesembling C. prasinus in colour, but differing in the
pileus not being spotted with scales, and in the sulphur-
coloured mycelium.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) scaurus. Fr.

Pileus li-3 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming
very thin towards the margin and at length slightly striate,
viscid, smoky-tawny, spotted, becoming pale ; stem about
3 in. long, 3-5 lines thick at the apex, attenuated upwards
from the marginate bulb, tinged with green or blue, solid ;
gills attenuated behind, adnexed, thin, crowded, purplish-
olive ; spores 10 x 5 /x.

Cortinarius (Phlegmaciurn) scaurus, Fries, Epicr., p. 268 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 245 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 755.

In woods.

Stem greenish or bluish, never yellow. Pileus smoky-
tawny, becoming fulvous when dry, flesh thin, watery,
insipid. Gills narrow, almost linear, sometimes purplish,
sometimes olive, also smoky. (Fries.)

Soft, insipid, pileus 2-3 in. broad, sometimes depressed,
{rills rather thin, at length cinnamon. Stem about 3 in.
high, fibrillose, sometimes marginato-bulbous, sometimes
when growing amongst moss nearly equal. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) herpeticus. Fr.
Pileus l^,-3 in. across, fleshy, margin thin, convex then
plane, obtuse, even, glabrous, sparingly viscid, at first
<jlive, then dingy tan, the disc becoming pale ; gills slightly
t-marginate, at first very crowded and dark smoky-violet,
then slightly crowded, 2-3 lines broad, smoky-violet ; stem
at first short, then 2-3 in. long, £ in. thick, unequal, some-
what twisted, solid, firm, but spongy within and often
hollow at the apex, fibrillose, pallid, scarcely tinged violet,
the napiform bulb marginate ; spores 10 X 6 /u~

112 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) herpeticus, Fries, Epicr., p. 268 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 245 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 849.
In woods, &c.

tft ELASTICI.
* Gills whitish, then tan or dingy cinnamon.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) cumatilis. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, convex
then expanded, obtuse, disc brownish, remainder pale dingy
lilac, covered with bluish-violet tinted gluten ; gills adnexed,
crowded, narrow, margin serrate, white then tan-colour ; stem
about 3 in. long, ^ in. or more thick at the apex, somewhat
bulbous, and attenuated upwards, apex a little cortinate,
universal veil forming an abrupt volva at the base, whitish.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) cumatilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 269 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 246 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 726.

In copses, &c.

A very fine species, sometimes solitary, stem stout, bul-
bous ; at others caespitose, stem longer and curved, universal
veil membranaceous, agglutinated at the base, but separable,
at first continuous with the blue pellicle of the pileus.
(Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) serarius. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, gibbous,
unpolished, opaque, reddish-tan ; stem solid, equal, fibrillose,
shining, white, as is also the flesh ; gills arcuately adnexed,
with a decurrent tooth, crowded, pale tan-colour.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) serarius, Fries, Epicr., p. 269 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 246.

In woods.

Stem 4 in. long, entirely fibrous. Pileus 3-4 in. broad,
even and glabnnis but not polished, somewhat silky-pruinose ;
reddish-tan coloured, by which it is more especially dis-
tinguished. Flesh 3 lines thick, with a hyaline line near
the gills. (Fries.)

Having seen a copy of Fries's drawings of this species, we
are of opinion that the evidence of its being British is very

CORTINARIUS. 113

slender and doubtful. The Scotch specimens, if true, were
by no means typical. (Cooke.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) emollitus. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, fleshy, lax, rather wavy, minutely
fibrilloso - virgate, viscid, tawny, ochracoous - yellow and
shining when dry, margin thin, incurved; stem H-2 in.
long, | in. and more thick, stuffed, unequal, scarcely bulbous,
•often compressed, fibrillose, soft, white then tinged yellow,
veil fugacious; gills emarginate, up to | in. broad, rather
distant, smooth, soft, white then ochraceous.

Cortinarius (PJilegmarium) emollitus, Fries, Epicr., p. 269 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 246 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 727.

Amongst grass in beech woods, &c.

Often caespitose, very variable, but very distinct from
neighbouring species iu the acrid taste ; snow-white very
soft flesh ; soft, imperfectly hollow stem ; somewhat deformed
pileus, and rather distant gills.

A small form occurs with a slender stem, pileus plane,
fragile.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) cristallinus. Fr.

Pileus about 3 in. across, equally fleshy, but thin, expanded,
glabrous, viscid, shining, hygrophanous, disc watery-pallid,
towards the margin silvery-white, shining, when dry entirely
whitish ; gills emarginate, thin, 3 lines broad, crowded, tan-
-colour ; stem 3 in. long, 4 lines thick, hollow or attenuated
at the base, fragile, fibrillose, whitish straw-colour ; spores
8 x 4/z.

Cortinarius (Plilegmacium) crislallinus, Fries, Monogr., i.
p. 30 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 246 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 728.

In mixed woods, amongst leaves.

Taste very acrid. A form occurs having the pileus yel-
lowish-white, stem slightly viscid, gills rather decurrent.
(Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) decoloratus. Fr.
Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thin, equal, campanulate then
convex, obtuse, soft, glabrous, tan-colour, disc darkest, corru-
gated when old, viscid ; gills emarginate, adnate, or decur-
rent, depending on the situation and mode of growth, slightly
crowded, 3 lines broad, tan-colour then cinnamon ; stein

VOL. II. 1

114 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

about 3 in. long, ^ in. or more thick below, stuffed, slender,
somewhat equal, slightly thickened downwards, ascending,
fibrillose, silvery shining, apex glabrous, not mealy ; spores
7 X 3-4,*.

Cortinarius (Phlegmaciuni) decoloratus, Fries, Monogr., ii.
p. 30; Cke., Hdbk., p. 247; Cke., Illustr., pi. 729.

In beech woods, &c.

Veiy variable, there are three or four very remarkable
forms, which at first sight appear distinct, but all agree in
essential points. The typical form, described above, re-
sembles C. tabularis in stature and general appearance, but
differs in having the pileus viscid, never silky from the veil,
stem never squamulose, &c.

Form (&), occurring under birches. Bulb at first small
and rounded, but soon disappearing, soft, the attenuated
stem becoming yellowish. Gills at first greyish-white.
Pileus a little darker, floccosely squamulose or rivulosely
granular when dry.

Form (c), occurring in pine woods. Smaller and slenderer,
pileus even, gills pallid-tan. (Fries.)

** Gills violet, purplish, or flesh-colour.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) decolorans. Fr.

Pileus fleshy 1^-3 in. across, nonvex then expanded, some-
what gibbous, equal, even, glabrous, viscid, persistent!}'
yellow all over; flesh thin, firm, white; gills sinuately ad-
uexed, crowded, thin, 3 lines broad, purplish, soon cinnamon,
not changing colour when bruised ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4
lines thick, equally attenuated, white, glabrous except for
the veil ; spores pip-shaped, 10 x 8 yn.

Cortinarius (Phlegmaciurn) decolorans, Fries, Monogr., ii.
p. 31 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 247 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 730.

In pine woods, &c.

For a long time considered as a slender form of C. varius,
from which it differs in the slender, polished, glabrous stem
without a bulb, the more slender pileus of one colour, and
the somewhat persistent median veil.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) porphyropus. Fr.
Pileus 1V-3 in. across, fleshy, margin very thin, flesh soft,

CORTINAKIUS. 115

white, soon becoming purplish-lilac when broken, convex
then plane, obtuse, even, innately virgate, viscid, livid
yellowish or tan-colour, not changing colour when bruised ;
gills rounded or emarginate, rather crowded, 2-4 lines broad,
purplish then watery cinnamon; stem 2-4 in. long, about
.'5 lines thick, fragile, lilac-violet both outside and inside,
soon becoming pale or whitish, but changing to lilac-violet
when bruised; veil inferior, fibrillose, spores 10-12 x 7 //,.

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) porphyropus, Fries, Epicr., p. 271 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 247 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 731.

In woods.

Stem always slender, frequently equal, slightly elastic but
fragile, becoming pale, but becoming lilac when bruised.
Pileus brownish-tan, livid. Flesh thin, white. (Fries.)

Cortinarius (Phleg.) croceocoeruleus. Fr.

Pileus f-1^ in. across, riesh thin, convex then plane, obtuse
or gibbous, even, glabrous, viscid, lilac or pale violet ; flesh
watery, pallid, and like the other parts, becomes tinged with
purple when crushed ; gills attenuated or broadly emarginate,
with a very delicate decurrent tooth, plane, rather distant,
lilac then saffron-tan ; stem hollow, about 2 in. long, some-
what equal or sometimes attenuated at the base, 2-3 lines
thick, even, glabrous, naked, fragile, white ; spores 8 x 5 /*•

Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) croceocoeruleus, Fries, Syst. Myc.,
i. p. 238 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 732 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 247.

Under beeches, &c.

Small, fle^h watery, unchangeable. Veil white. (Fries.)

*** Gills pure ochraceous, tawny, or ferruginous.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) corruscans. Fr.
Pileus 3—5 in. across, fleshy, soon flattened and at length
depressed, even, glabrous, viscid, shining when dry, yellow-
ochraceous, often spotted with tawny; flesh soft, white;
gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, not sinuate, thin, very
narrow in proportion to the size of the pileus, 1-2 lines at
most, very crowded, quite entire, clear ochraceous ; stem
solid, elastic, 3-6 in. long, | in. thick, equal, dilated at the
apex, fibrillosely striate, pure white.

i 2

116 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Cortinarius (Pldegmaciurn) corrmcans, Fries, Epicr., p. 271 ;
Cke., Hdbk.. p. 32 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 733.

Under bushes, &c.

Taste and smell none. Pileus regular, ochraceous-yellow,
often spotted with tawny.

Cortinarius (Phleg.) papulosus. Fr.

Pileus 2^-3^ in. across, fleshy, at first convex, obtuse, then
plane, at length depressed, diso usually gibbous, glabrous,
viscid, even at the margin, honey-coloured tan, disc darker
ferruginous or brownish, the cuticle becoming broken up
into minute, areolar, brownish granules when dry ; flesh
white, thick at the disc, margin thin ; gills adnato-decurrent,
crowded, slightly joined behind, but separating from the
stem when old and connected by a spurious collar, 2-3 lines
broad, pallid, soon ochraceous, at length yellowish-cinnamon ;
stem solid, firm, entirely fleshy inside, equal or thickened
at the base, 3 in. long, ^ in. or more thick, densely fibrillose,
apex naked, white ; veil inferior, white, very fugacious.

Cortinarius (Plilegmacium) papulosus, Fries, Monogr.,ii. p. 33;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 718; Cke., Hdbk., p. 248.

In pine woods, &c.

Entirely white inside, by which the present is distinguished
from G. percomis and other allies. (Fries.)

There is a form with a long flexuous hollow stem.

Far. major, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 33.

Stem attenuated from the base, filamentous from the
inferior ve.il, apex cortinate, at length coloured like the gills ;
pileus glutinous, yellowish ferruginous, margin much paler,
disc truly granular ; gills slightly sinuate.

CREPIDOTUS. Fr. (figs. 1-3. p. 3.)

Pileus excentric, often resupinate or laterally attached ;
stem excentric, lateral, or entirely absent ; veil not evident ;
gills more or less decurrent or radiating from an excentric
point ; spores pale ferruginous or cinnamon-colour.

Grepidotus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 272 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 189.

Distinguished by the resupinate, sessile, or excentrically
stipitate pileus ; many of the species are minute. Care
must be taken not to confound the present genus with

CEEPIDOTUS. 117

Claudopus, the analogous genus in the Rhodosporac ; the
latter is distinguished by the pink or salmon-coloured gills
and spores.

Crepidotus palmatus. Bull.

Fileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, compact, convex then ex-
panded, irregular, glabrous, pelliculose, ferruginous; gills
tixed to a collar, ventricose, rather distant, ferruginous; stem
excentric or lateral, incurved, firm, glabrous, whitish.

Agaricus palmatus, Bulliard, Champ., pi. 216; Fries, Hym.
Eur., p. 275; Cke., Hdbk., p. 189.

On trunks.

Sometimes confused with Pleurotus subpalmatus, but dis-
tinguished by the ferruginous spores. Flesh firm, but at the
same time spongy and bibulous. (Fries.)

Crepidotus xnollis. Fr.

Pileus l|-3 in. across, flesh rather gelatinous, soft, obovate
or reniform, flaccid, subsessile, glabrous, pale dingy tan then
greyish ; gills radiating from the base of attachment of the
pileus, crowded, about 1| line broad, whitish then watery
cinnamon.

Agaricus mollis, Schaeffer, t. 213; Cke., Hdbk., p. 189;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 498.

On rotten trunks, stumps, &c.

Dimidiate, subsessile (varies with the posterior margin
extended as a strigose stem, £ in. long), often imbricated,
c.-onvexo-plane, obovate or reniform, undulated and lobed in
large specimens, flaccid, even, glabrous, pallid then hoary,
at length spotted with rufous from the falling spores ; flesh
very soft, more or less thick, watery whitish. Gills usually
decurrent from the base, 1-2 lines broad, crowded, greyish-
white then watery cinnamon. (Fries.)

Crepidotus applanatus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in, across, rather fleshy, soft, fragile, plane,
reniform or wedge-shaped, whitish, produced behind into a
very short whitish tomentose stem ; gills determinate,
crowded, narrow, white then pale cinnamon.

Agaricus (Crepidotus) applanatus, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 399;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 190. '

118 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Agaricus stipticus, Persoon, Obs., i. p. 8, t. 5, f. 3.

On rotten wood.

Pileus watery, not gelatinous, very hygrophanous, margin
slightly striate when moist, at length depressed behind.

Pileus watery, rather fleshy, soft, fragile, altogether plane,
horizontal, extended behind in a straight line into a very
short, white, tomentose stem ; reniform or cuneate, waters*
cinnamon when moist, margin slightly striate, even and
whitish when dry, truly hygrophanous, at length depressed
behind, subsessile. Gills originate determinately behind,
crowded, linear, thin, whitish then watery cinnamou. Inter-
mediate between Crepidotus mollis and C. byssisedus. (Fries.)

Crepidotus alveolus. Lasch.

Pileus 1-2| in. across, flesh about 2 lines thick, whitish,
soft, lateral, obovate, repand, plane, glabrous, ochraceous-
brown, sessile or produced behind into a short, stem-like,
tomentose base ; gills determinate, broad, crowded, pale then
brownish-tan.

Agaricus alveolus, Lasch, no. 582; Fries, Hym. Eur.,
p. 275 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 189.

On trunks. Closely allied to Crepidotus mollis, but more
fleshy, darker coloured, becoming pale when dry, sometimes
olive-tinged near the margin.

It is doubtful whether the figure in Cke., Illustr., pi. 490A,
called Agaricus (Crepidotus)' alveolus, Lasch, is the right
fungus; the specimens measure up to 1 in. across, subreni-
form, ochraceous-tan, very convex and subumbonate behind,
and attached by a small point ; gills distant, about 2 lines
broad, tawny-ochraceous.

Dimidiate, laterally subsessile or produced behind into a
short stem-like tomentose base, horizontal, pileus fleshy, soft,
obovate, sometimes repand, almost plane, 2 in. and more
long, even, glabrous, moist, ochraceous-brown, sometimes
tinged with olive towards the margin, pale when dry; gills
determinate, not decurrent from the base, broad, crowded,
bi'ownish-tan. Closely allied to Crepidotus mollis, differing
in the more fleshy rather wedge-shaped pileus, the darker
colour of every part, and especially the broader gills.
(Fries.)

CREPIDOTUS. 119

Crepidotus calolepis. Fr. (figs. 1-3, p. 3.)

Pileus £-§• in. across, rather fleshy, dimidiate, sessile,
attached by a downy point, otherwise free behind, pale,
variegated with minute, crowded, rufescent scales; gills
radiating from the point of attachment, rather broad, at
length rusty-brown.

Agaricus (Crepidotus) calolepis, Fries, in Vet. Ak. Forhandl.,
1873; Cke., Hdbk., p. 190; Cke., Illustr., pi. 499s.

On rotten trunks of aspen ; branches, &c.

Stem reduced to a sessile tubercle. Pileus scarcely J in.
broad, flesh firm, not gelatinous. Spores ferruginous-brown.
(Fries.)

Crepidotus haustellaris. Fr.

Pileus ^—- §• in. across, rather fleshy, flaccid, exactly lateral,
reniform, plane, even, minutely villous, tan-colour; stem
distinct, lateral or very excentric, up to £ in. long, villous,
attenuated upwards, white; gills determinate, rounded
behind, pallid then brownish-cinnamon.

Agaricus (Crepidotus^) haustellaris, Fries, Syst. Myc., i.
p. 274; Cke., Hdbk., p. 190 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 515A.

On fallen branches of poplar, &c.

Having much in common with Crepidotus calolepis, but
abundantly distinct. Small, regular, not caespitose; espe-
pecially characterised by the subconical stem and almost
free gills. (Fries.)

Crepidotus epibryus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 lines across, membranaceous, resupinate, quite
sessile, adnate by the vertex, silky then smooth, white ; gills
radiating from the centre, thin, crowded, white, then
reddish-yellow.

Agaricus (Crepidotus) epibryus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 275 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 191 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 51 6c.

On mosses, leaves, &c.

Regular, almost cup-shaped, small, without a rudiment of
a stem, and not produced at the vertex qr point of attach-
ment.

On the larger mosses. Structure and general appearance
of Crcpidotus variabilis, but conspicuously different in tho
more regular form, cup-shaped, always entire, not effuso-

120 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

rfflexed and without a rudimentary stem ; piletis on the
contrary adnate behind, vertical, slightly fleshy, 2-3 lines-
and more broad, adpressedly silky, even, whitish. Gills
springing from a central point, thin, closely crowded,:"
parallel, whitish, then gilvous (not reddish). (Fries.)

Crepidotus Phillipsii. B. & Br.

Pileus about 3 lines across, rather fleshy, oblique, striater
smooth, pale umber; gills narrow, ventricose, slightly
adnate, pale dingy tan ; stem short, solid, incurved at the
base ; spores elliptical, pale rusty-brown, 5-7 X 2 • 5 p..

Agaricus (Crepidotus) Phillipsii, Berk. & Br., Grev., vol. vL
p. 101 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 190; Cke., Illustr., pi. v. 515c.

On dead grass. Distinguished by the dingy, umber
pileus, and the short, incurved stem.

Crepidotus pezizoides. Nees.

Pileus about 2 lines across, sessile, thin, cup-shaped, then
reflexed, mealy, subtomentose, whitish ; gills radiating from
the centre, rather distant, olive-brown, then dull tawny.

Agaricus pezizoides, Nees, Act. Nat. Curios, ix. t. 6, f. IS
(young stage); Cke., Hdbk., p. 191 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 516D;
Tries, Hym. Eur., p. 277.

On rotten branches. Distinguished amongst the minute
white species by the mealy pileus.

Crepidotus Ralfsii. B. & Br.

Pileus -|-f in. across, flesh white, thickish, equal, flat,,
margin involute, delicately hispid or chaffy, yellow, fixed by
cottony mycelium; stem obsolete; gills ventricose, rather
broad, pale tan-colour, margin whitish.

Agaricus (Crepidotus') Ralfsii, Berk. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.y
(1883), p. 372, n. 2008 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 191 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 516D.

On decaying wood. Eather gregarious.

Crepidotus chimnophilus. B. & Br.
Pileus 2—3 lines across, flesh rather thick, convex, margin
incurved, villous, whitish ; stem very short or obsolete,
excentric ; gills attenuated behind, distant, narrow, pale-
tan ; spores pale cinnamon, 5 x 3 /A.

. TUBARIA. 121

Agarlcus (Crepidotus) chimnophilus, Berk. & Br., in Berk.
Outl., p. 164; Cke., Hdbk., p. 191 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 515A.

On small dead branches of Pyrus torminalis. Gregarious.
Known amongst the small white species by the villous pileus-
and few, distant gills.

Crepidotus rubi. Berk.

Pileus about ^ in. across, fleshy, convex-plane, margin in-
curved, dingy pale yellowish tan, covered with very minute
crystalline meal ; gills adnato-decurrent, rather broad,
greyish then umber, slightly ventricose ; stem about 2—3.
lines long, incurved, solid, pallid, strigose at the base.

Agaricus (Crepidotus) rubi, Berk., Outl., p. 164, t. 9, f. 7 ;.
Cke., Hdbk., p. 190 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 515B.

On dead bramble, &c. Gregarious.

Crepidotus epigaeus. Pers.

Pileus i-1 in. across, flesh very thin, reniform or flabellater
fragile, reddish-grey, base villous, whitish ; gills distinct,
narrow, diverging, watery rufescent ; spores pale cinnamon,
broadly elliptical, 10 x 7 p..

Agaricus cpigaeus, Persoon, Syn., p. 484; Cke., Hdbk.,,
p. 191 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 516A.

Agaricus depluens, Batsch, fig. 122.

On the ground, especially on damp clay.

Spores oblong, • 0004 in. long, not irregular, and more or less
angular, as in the plant usually referred to Agaricus depluensr
as figured by Hoffmann, so that its affinities seem rather to
be with Crepidotus than Claudopus. The present is exactly
the plant of Batsch, and we think it better to leave the name
with what has formerly been considered his species, and
retain that of Persoon. The gills of A. epigaeus are no longer
red when dry. (Berk. & Br.)

TUBARIA. W. G. Smith, (fig. 4, p. 3.)

Stem central, somewhat cartilaginous, hollow. Pileua
thin, often almost membranaceous, frequently clothed with
the remains of the floccose universal veil. Gills more or less
decurrent, broadest behind, hence somewhat triangular;
spores clear or dusky ferruginous.

122 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Tubaria, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot. (Seeman), 1870; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 187.

The species are all small, and known amongst the Ochro-
sporae by the more or less decurrent, triangular gills. The
genus corresponds in structure to Eccilia and Omphalia.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. GENUINI.
Spores ferruginous.

II. PHAEOTI.
Spores ferruginous-brown.

I. GENUINI.

Tubaria cupularis. Bull.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, rather fleshy, piano-depressed,
obtuse, even, glabrous, rufescent then yellow, hygrophanous ;
stem 2-3 in. long, naked, even, very slightly attenuated
upwards, whitish, hollow ; gills slightly decurrent, narrow,
crowded, dingy cinnamon ; spores elliptical, rusty, 6 x 3 /*.

Agaricus cupularis, Bull., t. 554, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdb., p. 187 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 602.

Amongst grass, &c.

With the habit of Omphalia, but with ferruginous spores.
Cooke's figure, which is considered as a variety of the present
species, has a tawny stem.

Tubaria furfuracea. Pers.

Pileus ^—2 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then plane, at
length depressed and umbilicate, hygrophanous, yellowish-
cinnamon, paler when dry; hoary and silky -squamulose,
especially near the margin from the veil; stem 1-lf in.
long, 1-2 lines thick, rigid, usually paler than the stem,
minutely flocculose, base with white down, hollow; gills
adnato-decurrent, rather distant, 1^ line broad, cinnamon;
spores elliptical, 10 x 6 p.

TUBAKIA. 123

Agarlcus furfuraceus, Persoon, Syn., p. 454 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 187 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 603.

On. twigs, chips, &c.

Distinguished amongst its allies by the minutely fur-
furaceous pileus.

Far. trigonophylius, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 273; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 187 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 483.

Smaller than the typical form, becoming pale yellowish ;
gills 2i lines broad, subdecurrent, triangular, distant, rather
tawny-ochraceous.

On the ground, &c.

Far. heterostichus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 187.
Pileus depressed but rather umbonate, cinnamon, pale
ochraceous when dry.
On the ground, &c.

Tub aria paludosa. Fr.

Pileus 3— f in. across, submembranaceous, conical then
convex, papillately umbonate, not striate, silky with super-
ficial pale fibrils, yellowish-brown, sometimes with a tinge of
pink ; gills slightly decurrent, very broad behind, crowded,
watery ochraceous, thin ; stem 3-4 in. long, about 1 line
thick, flexuous, equal, flocculose, ochraceous, hollow ; spores
ochraceous, elliptical, 10 x 4 /t.

Agaricus paludosus, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 397 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 187 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 484 (gills, stem, and spores prim-
rose yellow).

In swamps, amongst sphagnum, &c.

Differing from the typical generic character in the papil-
lose pileus, but in the typical form, stygia, the gills are truly
decurrent. There is another form, A. paludosus, Fr., Epicr.,
p. 209, having the pileus brownish honey-colour, stem about
1^ in. long, gills not decurrent; growing in dried-up
swamps. (Fries.)

Pileus submembranaceous, campanulate then convex,
acutely umbonate, hygrophanous, without striae, silky,
everywhere with persistent white hairs; stem fistulose,
twisted, encircled with the remains of the white veil ; gills
adnate, plane, ovate, pale honey-colour. (Cooke.)

124 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Tubaria stagnina. Fr.

Pileus ^—1 in. across, somewhat membranaceous, conical
then convex, obtuse, sometimes depressed and umbilicate,
rather viscid and slightly striate when moist, rusty-bay,
even and somewhat ochraceous when dry, ornamented with
concentric white floccose squarnules towards the margin ;
gills slightly decurrent, broad, triangular, ferruginous ; stem
4-7 in. long, equal, rather tough, 1 line thick or a little
more, reddish then bay, base with white, villous down, apex
rather mealy, hollow; spores elliptical, dingy ferruginous,
10 X 5 p..

Agaricus stagninus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 268 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 187 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 468.

In swamps, amongst sphagnum.

There is a slender form differing in the darker colour,
smaller, often naked pileus, and narrower gills, figured by
Fries, Icon., t. 129, f. 2.

Tubaria pellucida. Bull.

Pileus ^-f in. across, rather membranaceous, conical then
campanulate, umbonate, hygrophanous, cinnamon, silky and
squamulose towards the striate margin, pale when dry ; gills
broad behind and slightly decurrent, triangular, pale cinna-
mon ; stem 1— 1 J in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, slightly
thickened at the base, pale, shining, apex mealy, hollow.

Agaricus pellucidus, Bulliard, Champ., tab. 550, f. 2 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 188.

Amongst leaves, &c.

Allied to Tubaria stagnina, but much shorter in the stem,
which is at first stuffed, then hollow. Although the pileus
is not depressed, the gills indicate the genus Tubaria.
(Fries.)

Tubaria muscorum. Pers.

Pileus up to ^ in. across, membranaceous, convex, centre
depressed, striate, glabrous, yellow-brown; gills slightly
decurrent, horizontal, paler; stem hollow, short, base in-
crassated, coloured like the pileus.

Agaricus muscorum, Pers., Syn., p. 470 ; Hoffm., Nomencl.,
t. 5, f. 3 ; Fr., Hym. Eur., p. 274.

Amongst moss on the trunks of trees.

TUBABIA. 125

The fungus figured by Cooke, Illustr., pi. 1175u, as repre-
senting the present species, cannot, I think, be correct; for
this mistake I ara responsible. The species figured is
evidently a Galera, probably a large form of G. sphagnorum.

Tubaria embolus. Fr.

Pileus i-§ in. across, membranaceous, campanulate then
convex, obtuse, finely striate, glabrous, hygrophanous, yel-
lowish-tawny, shining, ochraceous when dry ; gills very
broad behind, slightly decurrent, thick, triangular, very
distant, cinnamon ; stem l|-2 in. long, thickened upwards,
often curved, glabrous, tawny -yellow, shining yellow when
dry, imperfectly hollow.

Agaricus embolus, Fries, Epicr., p. 206 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 188 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 514A.

On damp, heathy ground, &c.

Kesembling Omphalia umbellifera in size and in the
structure and arrangement of the gills. Known by the finely
striate, glabrous pileus, and the stem evidently thickened
upwards.

Tubaria autochthona. B. & Br.

Pileus ^— | in. across, obtuse, hemispherical, ochraceous-
white, silky, margin flocculose, flesh thin ; gills adnate with
a decurrent tooth, horizontal, honey-colour; stem f-1 in.
long, flexuous or curved, incrassated above and below, base
whitish, woolly ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 p..

Agaricus (Naneona) autochthonm, Berk, and Broome, Ann.
Nat. Hist., n. 1121 (1866).

Agaricus (Tubaria) autochthonm, Cke., Hdbk., p. 188 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 514s.

On naked soil.

Pileus £ in. across ; stem f in. high, not half a line thick
in the centre ; spores paler than in Tubaria furfuracea,
• 00019 in. long ; it does not become pallid in drying, like
that species, but is of an ochraceous white from the first. It
is probably a very common species. (Berk. & Broome.)

126 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

II. PHAEOTI.

Tubaria erobula. Fr.

Pileus ^-f in. across, slightly fleshy, convex then plane,
obtuse, slightly viscid, not striate, covered at first with
white, floccose scales, then naked and hoai y-tan ; gills
slightly decnrrent, 1-1| line broad, crowded, brownish-
ferruginous ; stem §-li in. long, 1-1 J line thick, often in-
curved or flexuous, brownish, covered with white, floccose
scales, hollow ; spores elliptical, brown-rust colour, 10 x 6 //..

Agaricus crobulus, Fr., Epicr., p. 299; Cke., Hdbk., p. 188;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 496B.

Amongst sticks, &c.

Distinguished from Tubaria inquilina by its larger size,
and by the moderately persistent ring.

Tubaria inquilina. Fr.

Pileus |— f in. across, membranaceous, convex then plane,
at length more or less umbonate, hygrophanous, glabrous,
slightly viscid, striate when moist, livid brown, tawny or
hoary-tan when dry ; gills slightly decurrent, very broad
behind, triangular, rather distant, brownish-tan, then umber ;
stem about 1 in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, thinner towards
the base, tough, bay, covered at first with white fibrils, and
with white down at the base, hollow, often flexuous ; spores
elliptical, dusky ferruginous, 8 x 4 ju.

Agaricus inquilinus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 264 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 189 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 497.

On twigs, chips, &c.

Closely allied to Tiibaria crobulus, smaller, pileus striate
when moist, glabrous from the first, and stem soon glabrous.
are the principal distinctive features.

Var. ecbolus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 275.

Stem rooting, equal ; gills crowded, ferruginous.

On roots of grasses.

FLAMMULA. Fries, (fig. 15, p. 3.)

Pileus fleshy, margin at first involute ; stem central, flesh
fibrous, not mealy at the apex ; gills decurrent, or adnate

FLAMMULA. 127

but not sinuate, usually entire ; veil fibrillose, not inter-
woven, or altogether absent, never forming a distinct ring on
the stem ; spores ferruginous or brownish-ferruginous.

Flammula, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 250; Cke., Hdbk., p. 166.

Closely allied to Pholiota, in fact the only difference
between the two genera depends on the relative development
of the partial veil, which in the present genus is fibrillose,
and consequently does not form a persistent, spreading ring
on the stem, whereas in Pholiota the veil is interwoven, and
remains as a distinct ring on the stem.

Very few species are terrestrial, the majority growing oa
wood. The colours are often bright, orange-brown, or yellow
being most general.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. GYMNOTI. — Veil absent; pileus dry, often squaniulose.
Spores ferruginous.

II. LUBRICI. — Pileus covered with a continuous, viscid,
glabrous, partly separable cuticle ; veil evident, fibrillose.
Spores ferruginous, not tawny, ultimately brownish-fer-
ruginous.

Gregarious, growing on the ground, rarely on wood. Cor-
responds to Hebeloma, but distinguished by the gills not
being sinuate, apex of stem not mealy, pellicle more viscid
and more readily separable, smell, &c.

III. UDI. — Cuticle of the pileus continuous, not separable,
glabrous (superficially downy), moist or rather viscid in
rainy weather. Veil evident, appendiculate. Spores not
tawny nor ochraceous.

Allied to PJioliota ; caespitose, growing on wood.

IV. SAPINEI. — Pileus scarcely pelliculose (flesh splitting or
becoming torn at the surface into squamules), not viscid.
Veil silky, adpressed on the stem, not appendiculate, almost
absent or forming a silky zone round the stem. Known
more especially by the yellow, or yellow then tawny-colour
of the gills and the tawny-ochraceous spores.

128 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Subcaespitose, growing on conifers, but also commonly
on the ground amongst fallen twigs, &c., of pines.

V. SERICELLI. — Cortinate, cuticle of pileus silky, dry, or at
first viscid.

* GYMNOTI.

Flammula gymnopodia. Bull.

Ferruginous-brown, pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin,
white, campanulato-convex, squamulose ; gills very decurrent,
arcuate, crowded, yellowish then ferruginous ; stem l|-2£
in. long, | in. thick, almost smooth, often incurved, solid.

Agaricus (Flammula) gymnopodius, Bull. t. 601, f. 1 ; Cke.,
Hdbk,, p. 166 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 431.

On the ground and on pine sawdust, &c. Often caespitose,
stem ascending, sometimes partly hollow with age ; pileus
sometimes rusty-yellow, especially towards the margin. A
very distinct species.

Flammula Aldridgei. Mass.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then infundibuliform with a
somewhat involute margin, dry, brick-red with a tinge of
orange, or altogether tawny-orange, minutely velvety; gills
deeply decurrent, rather crowded, \\ line broad, lanceolate,
golden-yellow then ferruginous-orange ; stem 3—4 in. long,
by \- \ in. thick, equal, flexuous, smooth, coloured like the
pileus, smooth, with a white floccose mycelium at the base,
hollow ; spores elliptical, slightly apiculate at the base,
ferruginous-orange, 16 x 5 /i.

Agaricus (Flammula) Aldridgei, Mass., Grev., vol. xx. p. 25
(1891).

On the ground in woods, amongst moss. Gregarious. A
very distinct and beautiful species, readily known by the
minutely velvety pileus and deeply decurrent gills.

Flammula vinosa. Bull.

Pileus §-!£ in. across, very fleshy, thick, white ; convex
then expanded, at length -often depressed, and flexuous at
the margin, dry, minutely flocculose, obscure rusty-cinnamon,
usually with a tinge of purple ; gills crowded, decurrent,
simple, narrow, yellowish then ferruginous ; spores elliptical,

FLAMMULA. 129

pale umber, 5 X 3 ft ; stem about 1 in. long, 3 lines thick,
thickened at the base or equal, pale, delicately flocculose,
solid.

Agaricus (Flammula} vinosus, Bull., Champ., t. 54 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 160; Cke., Illustr., pi. 437.

On the ground. Flesh of pileus very thick at the centre,
very thin at the margin, gills very decurrent. Bearing a
general resemblance to Flammula paradoxa ; the latter, how-
ever, is recognised by the yellow gills and larger spores, and
by the stem being usually thickened at the base.

Flammula floccifera. B. & Br.

Caespitose. Pileus 2 in. across, convex, expanded, tawny,
somewhat zoned in drying, sprinkled with white fibrils,
rather fleshy ; flesh tawny at the edge and beneath the
cuticle, elsewhere white ; gills moderately broad, rounded
behind, adnate, scarcely ventricose, wrinkled transversely,
ferruginous, edge white ; stem lj in. high, £ in. thick,
attenuated downwards, furfuraceous within the pileus, white,
with silky scales, hollow, umber within, ring none ; spores
ferruginous.

Agaricus (Flammula) floccifer, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
n. 909, pi. 14, f. 1; Cke., Hdbk., p. 167; Cke., Illustr.,
t. 438A.

On stumps of lime. Resembling Hypholoma velutinus in
habit.

Flammula decipiens. Smith.

Pileus about 1 in. across, deep clear brown, becoming pale
and the centre almost white, convex, sometimes very obtuse,
at others umbonate and with a depression round the umbo,
dry, minutely squamulose, flesh thick, golden-yellow ; gills
decurrent, crowded, 2 lines broad, orange-brown ; stem
about H in. long, 2-3 Hues thick, attenuated downwards,
rich tawny, striate, often twisted ; spores orange-brown ,
elliptical, apiculate at the base, 6-7 x 4 p.

Agaricus (Flammula) decipiens, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot.
1869, t. 95, f. 5-8 ; Cke. Hdbk., p. 167 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 438s.

On burnt earth, charcoal, &c.

Inclined to be fasciculate, ring absent. Fle>h of stem
brown at the base. Superficially closely resembling Flammula

VOL. 1L K

130

FUNGUS-FLORA.

carlonaria, but quite distinct in the decurrent, bright-coloured
gills.

Flammula clitopila. Cke. & Sm.

Pileus 1— If in. across, rather fleshy, convex then expanded,
disc depressed and umbilicate, smooth, dry, purplish-brown
(madder brown) ; gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, scarcely
crowded, dingy yellowish ; stem 2 in. long, | in. thick in the
middle, erect, ventricose, smoky-brown, with a few scattered
fibrils towards the base, hollow, brown within ; spores brown,
elliptical, 10 X 4 /*.

Agaricus (Flammula) cliptopilus, Cke. & W. G. Smith, Grev.,
xiii. p. 59; Cke., Hdbk., p. 167; Cke., Illustr., pi. 500.

On the ground under firs.

Pileus 2 in., stem 2|-3 in. thick in the middle. Allied to
Ag. Weinmanni, Fries, of which it may possibly be a variety,
but differing in the pileus not being virgate, in the ventricose,
hollow stem, and in the gills not being decurrent. (Cooke.)

** LUBKICI.

Flammula lenta. Pers.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, convex, obtuse then almost
plane, even, viscid, at first with minute, scattered squamules,
whitish, pale clay-colour, or livid ; gills adnate, whitish then
clay-colour, crowded, 1-2 lines broad, becoming discoloured
with the ferruginous spores; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines
thick, subequal, often viscid, with white reflexed squamules,
tough, somewhat stuffed ; spores elliptical, 6-8 x 4 p..

Agaricus (Flammula) lentus, Pers., Syn., p. 257 ; Cke.,
Hdk., p. 167 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 439 ! 440 ?

On the ground, rarely on wood, in mixed woods. Very
glutinous in wet weather. Altogether whitish, or varying
to pale clay colour.

I suspect this and A. (Hebeloma) glutinosus are one species.
On examining the spores of a large number of specimens,
growing at the eaine time within a limited area, I find the
spores shading from the clay-colour of Hebeloma to the
brighter colour of Flammula. The gills were also very
sinuato-adnexed in younger specimens, and decurrent with a
tooth when older. (Stev.)

FLAMMULA. 131

Flammula lubrica. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, convex, obtuse, becoming expanded
and almost flat, sometimes depressed and wavy* even, viscid,
tawny-red or bright cinnamon, flesh white, thin at the
margin; gills adnate, rather decurrent, crowded, 3 lines
broad, pale then dingy clay-colour; stem 2-5 in. long, 3-4
lines thick, equal or slightly thinner upwards, fibrillose,
whitish, brownish with age, base pubescent, apex striate,
solid ; spores pale rusty-brown, elliptical, 8 x 4 /LI.

Agaricus (Flammula) lubricus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 252 ;
€ke., Hdbk.,p. 168.

On or near trunks.

Allied to Flammula lenta, but usually larger, pileus cinna-
mon or tawny, sometimes pallid, disc tawny, spotted with
squamules. Flesh white, almost scentless. (Fries.)

Flammula lupina. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in across, convex then flattened and sometimes
more or less depressed, even, viscid ; gills adnato-decurrent,
rather crowded, broad, pallid, then clay-colour ; stem about
1 in. long, ^ in. thick, firm, unequal, with adpressed fibrils
tinged tawny, apex white.

Agaricus (Flammula) lupinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 185; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 168.

Amongst grass.

Stem sometimes thickened at the apex, at other times at
the base, ^ in. thick. Pileus 3-4 in. broad, with a readily
separable pellicle, but not so glutinous as in some species.
Flesh soft, white. There are two forms : — (a) smell very
strong and pungent, pileus brown or fuscous-tan, then clay-
colour, stem rather ferruginous; (6) smell milder, pileus
tawny, stem and gills yellowish. (Fries.)

Flammula mixta. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, convexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, dingy
tan-colour, disc darker and rugulose, margin paler, smooth,
even ; gills rather decurrent, crowded, 3-4 lines broad,
margin uneven, whitish then clay-colour ; stem variable,
1—3 in. long, 3—5 lines thick, tough, equal, curved, covered
upwards with brown fibrils, and with rufous squamules at
the base; spores elliptical, yellow-brown, 10 x 5 p..

K 2

132 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Agaricus (Flammula) mixtm, Fries, Ed., i. p. 185 ; Cke.T
Hdbk., p. 168 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 474.

On the ground, in pine woods more especially.

Inodorous. Flesh rather firm, watery. Stem 1-3 in. long,
3—4 lines thick, slightly wavy and a little thickened at the
base. Pileus 1-2 in. broad, rufous tan, margin paler,
superficially resembling Hebeloma punctata, but the general
structure and habit is that of Flammula lenta, F. lu-
bricm, &c.

Flammula juncina. W. G. Smith.

Pileus 1-1£ in. across, hemispherical, thin, rather ex-
panded, even, glabrous, sulphur-yellow with a rich brown
disc; gills decurrent, 2-3 lines broad, thin, sulphur-yellow
tben reddish-brown ; stem 4 in. long, 3 lines thick at the
apex, uniformly tapering downwards, clothed with a few
fibres, bright sulphur-yellow, base tawny, solid.

Agaricus (Flammula) juncinus, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot.
(1873), p. 336 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 168 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 475.

On old dead rushes in an old clay-pit. Taste nauseous
and disagreeable, somewhat bitter. (W. G. S.)

Flamnmla gummosa. Lasch.

Pileus 1-2^ in. across, campanulate, then becoming flattened,
obtuse or slightly depressed, viscid, with a separable pellicle,
even, sprinkled with superficial squamules, pale yellow or
often greenish, at length with a rusty tinge, margin paler ;
flesh thick in the centre, thin at the margin, becoming
yellow ; gills adnate, crowded, narrow, yellowish- white then
cinnamon; stem 2—3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, rigid,
straight, or slightly incurved at the base, silky, fibrillose,
pale above, base rusty-red, stuffed, hollow when old.

Agaricus (Flammula) gummosus, Lasch, Linnaea, 1827, No.
325 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 168 ; Ck., Illustr., pi. 441.

On and about old stumps. Inodorous, not bitter. Pileus
conical then depressed, pale yellow or greenish, margin
paler, 1-2 in. broad. Flesh becoming yellow. (Fries.)

Flammula spumosa. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then plane, sometimes rather

umbonate, covered with a viscid, separable cuticle, naked

(i.e. without squamules or fibrils), pale yellow, disc darker

FLAMMULA. 133

and usually with a rufous tinge, even ; flesh watery, pale
yellowish-green ; gills adnate, crowded, 1^ line broad, pale
yellow, then ferruginous ; stem 2-4 in. long, about 2 lines
thick, subequal, more or less fibrillose, but with a distinct
cuticle, pale yellow or the colour of the pileus, hollow ; spores
yellow-brown, elliptical, 9 X 5 /*.

Agaricus (Flammula) spumosm, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 252 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 169 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 476.

In fir woods, on sawdust, &c.

In pine woods on the ground, very abundant, rare on
trunks, Gregarious, more or less caespitose, inodorous,
yellow, stem yellow or olive-brown, often attenuated down-
wards. Very viscid in wet weather.

Flammula carbonaria. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, convex, then almost plane,
thin, even, viscid, often depressed in the centre, margin
inflexed, tawny-yellow, flesh rather firm, yellow ; gills
adnate, crowded, 2-3 lines broad, pale then brownish clay-
colour; stem l|-3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick at the apex,
equal, or often attenuated downwards, rigid, pallid, base
usually darker, fibrilloso-squamulose, imperfectly hollow;
spores ferruginous-brown, elliptical, 7 X 3'5 /A.

Agaricus (Flammula^) carbonarius, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 252 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 169; Cke., Illustr., pi. 442.

On burnt earth, charcoal, dec.

Sometimes with pileus 3 in. diam., and stem to 4 in. long;
usually smaller. (Cooke.)

Gregarious, tough, 1 in. or a little more broad, pileus
rather tawny, flesh yellow, spores ferruginous -brown.
(Fries.)

The soil is often rolled together by the mycelium into a
xmall bulb. The blackness at the base of the stem may be
from its habitat. Densely gregarious ; very much allied to
1 Flammula spumosa, but very easily distinguished by the
fusco-ferruginous spores. Its stature also is smaller, its
structure tougher and lasting long, and its colours more
intense. (Fr.)

134 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

*** UDI.

Flammula filia. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then plane,
glabrous, moist in rainy weather, but not viscid, pale reddish-
yellow, disc tawny; gills adnate, slightly arcuate, hence
with a minute decurrent tooth, rather crowded, 3-4 lines
broad, narrowest in front, whitish then pale tawny -yellow;
stein 4-6 in. long, about ^ in. thick, equal or attenuated at
the base, glabrous, pale yellow, flesh, reddish, hollow; spores
tawny-orange, elliptic-fusiform, 10 x 5 p..

Agaricus (Flammula) filius, Fries, Icon. Sel., vol. xi. p. 16,
pi. 117, fig. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 169; Cke., lllustr., pi. 432.

On the ground in woods.

Tall, elegant, inodorous. Stem hollow, 3—6 in. long, | in.
thick, equal or attenuated at the base, glabrous, becoming
pale, base and inside reddish. Veil fugacious, terminated by
an incomplete ring. Pileus slightly fleshy, soon flattened,
2-3 in. broad, naked, even, glabrous, without a viscid pellicle,
although, becoming quite moist in rainy weather, gilvous,
disc rufescent. Flesh of the pileus white, that of the stem
reddish. (Fries.)

The figure in " Illustrations " has too yellow a tone, and
is printed rather too dark in the pileus. (Cooke.)

Flammula fusus. Batsch.

Pileus 2-3J in. across, fleshy, compact, convex, obtuse,
becoming plane or a little depressed, even, smooth, rather
viscid, reddish tan-colour, disc darker, flesh becoming
yellowish, veil appendiculate ; gills rather decurrent, 3-4
lines broad, pallid yellow then ferruginous; stem 2 in. long,
about | in. thick at the apex, and gradually attenuated
downwards into a rooting base, firm, fibrilloso-striate, pallid,
base sometimes dark, stuffed ; spores rusty -brown, elliptical,
10 X 4 p..

Agaricus fusus, Batsch, f. 189 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 247 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 169 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 433.

Agaricus pomposm, Bolton, t. 5.

On fallen wood and on the ground.

Solitary or caespitose. Smell not pungent, taste mild.
The colour of the gills is variable, greyish-green, &c.

FLAMMULA. 135

The root consists of a hard and pointed termination of the
stem, covered with downy fibres, of a white-grey colour ; it
has no volva.

The stem is three or four inches high, largest above,
tapering towards the root, often bent irregularly, of a pale
yellow above, brown near the root, and easily divides in
yellow silky filaments.

The curtain is a pale yellow colour, breaks like a fine and
delicate spider's web, of the finest silky down. It quite
vanishes before the decay of the plant.

The gills in three series, narrow, thin, numerous, and
delicate ; while young of a pale yellow, afterwards changing
to a greenish-olive colour. They adhere to the stern by a
narrow claw.

The pileus two or three inches in diameter, deflected round
the margin, where it is of a yellow colour, gradually changing
to a fine orange, as it approaches the centre, which is a deep
orange or scarlet colour. The flesh thick, brittle, and of a
pale yellow.

Grows in woods about Halifax; frequent in September
and October. (Bolton.)

Far. superba, Mass. Pileus 4-5 in. across, convex,
obtuse then expanded, even, glabrous, bright deep orange,
disc darker ; flesh thin, with a reddish tinge ; stem 4—5 in.
long, f in. or more thick at the apex, even, equal, attenuated
near the base, rooting, even, pale orange, stuffed; gills
decurrent, crowded, narrow, bright yellow.

Agaricm (Flammula) fusus, Batsch; variety; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 434.

On the ground.

Flammula astragalina. Fr.

Pileus l-2£ in. across, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse,
often flexuous, rather moist in rainy weather, but not viscid,
even, smooth, but when young silky round the margin with
the very thin, superficial, silky veil, orange- saffron, disc
deepest, margin pale ; gills adnate, crowded, 2-3 lines broad,
pale yellow, then somewhat ferruginous, margin flocculose
when young, flesh firm, black when bruised ; stem 1^-4 in.
long, 2—4 lines thick, equal or attenuated downwards, often
flexuous, pale yellow or tinged with red, base not much if

13() FUNGUS-FLORA.

at all darker, covered more or less with fibrillose scales,
stuffed then hollow. Veil evident, white, appendiculate.

Agaricus (Flammula) astragalinus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i.
p. 251 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 169 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 435.

On pine and fir stumps.

Very distinct, exceedingly elegant. Stem elongated, base
attenuated, coloured like the pileus. Pileus when rather
moist blood-red saffron, then the margin becomes pale, flesh,
similar in colour, becoming black when wounded. Gills
colour of the base of the pileus ; spores dingy ferruginous.
(Fries.)

Taste nauseous and disagreeable, like Armillaria mellea.
A most beautiful species, resembling in colouring Cortinarius
cinnabarinus. (Cooke.)

riammula alnicola. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then expanded, obtuse, rather
slimy at first but not truly viscid, at first minutely and
superficially silky near the margin, yellow then tawny or
greenish ; flesh not very firm, coloured like the pileus ; gills
slightly adnate, 2 lines broad, plane, pale yellow then
ferruginous; stem 2-4 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, nearly equal,
base attenuated, usually curved or wavy, fibrillose, yellow
then more or less ferruginous ; spores clear ferruginous,
elliptical, 9 x 4 /*.

Agaricus (Flammula') alnicola, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 250 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 170; Cke., Illustr., tab. 443.

On trunks and stumps of various trees. Usually fasci-
culate.

Smell strong. Pileus yellow then ferruginous, rarely
greenish, flesh similarly coloured. Gills sometimes rounded,
at others decurrent. Spores pure ferruginous. Veil fibrillose
or interwoven. There are two forms — (a) pileus irregular,
fibrillose near the margin, gills at first dingy pallid ;
(b) salicicola, pileus subgibbous, glabrous, rarely at first
tioccosely squamulose ; gills at first yellowish-pallid. (Fries.)

Flammula flavida. Schaeff.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, sometimes more, fleshy, convexo-
plane, obtuse, equal, glabrous, moist, not viscid, pale yellow ;
flesh white then pale yellow ; gills adnate, 2-3 lines broad,

FLAMMULA. 137

not crowded, pale yellowish then ferruginous ; stem 2-4 in.
long, 3-5 lines broad, rather flexuous, fibrillose, pale yellow,
base more or less ferruginous, hollow ; veil evident, inter-
woven, appendiculate, white, rarely forming an indistinct
ring ; spores broadly elliptical, 6-8 x 5 /A.

Agaricus flavidus, Schaeffer, t. 35 ; Fries, Hym. Eur.,
p. 248; Cke., Hdbk., p, 170; Cke., Illustr., pi. 444.

On trunks. Caespitose.

Stem sometimes thickened towards the base, at other
times towards the apex. Pileus yellow, almost regular in
form ; gills at first whitish, soon yellow ; spores, as in
alnicola, pure ferruginous. (Fries.)

Plammula inaurata. W. G. Smith.

Pileus §-1 in. across, fleshy, moist, smooth, furnished with
a distinct veil ; gills 2 lines or more broad, adnate, with a
decurrent tooth, pale yellowish clay-colour; stem about^l in.
long, 2 lines thick, incurved, partly hollow, clothed with
innate scales.

Agaricus (Flammula) inauratus, W, G. Smith, Journ. Bot.,
vol. ii. n. ser. (1873), p. 336; Cke., Hdbk., p. 170; Cke.,
Illustr., tab. 477.

On willows.

Taste mild, insipid. Whole plant sulphury-yellow. Allied
to F.flavida and F. Junonia. (W. G. S.)

Flammula connisans. Fr.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thin, equal, convex then ex-
panded, obtuse or sometimes slightly umbilicate, naked,
glabrous, moist, slightly viscid, pale yellow tinged with
tawny, especially in the centre ; gills adnate, with a decur-
rent tooth, closely crowded, thin, 2 lines broad, pallid then
brownish clay-colour; stem 2—3 in. high, 2—3 lines thick,
often flattened and twisted, equal or attenuated downwards,
silky-fibrillose, yellowish- white, with white down at the
base, hollow ; veil appendiculate ; spores elliptical, dingy
ferruginous, 8 x 4 /*.

Agaricus (Flammula) connisans, Fries, Epicr., p. 187; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 170; Cke., Illustr., pi. 445?

On willow trunks.

Densely caespitose. With the habit of H. fascicularis

138 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

not pulverulent, but covered with the copious ferruginous
spores. Stem whitish-yellow, not becoming ferruginous,
not rooting, equal or attenuated at the base. Pileus yellow-
ish clay- colour, rather viscid. (Fries.)

Cooke's figure differs in the very bright gills and stem
ferruginous below.

Flammula inopoda. Fr.

Pileus 1—4 in. across, convex then becoming almost plane,
obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid when moist, honey-
coloured tan, or with a reddish tinge, paler round the margin,
becoming pale ; flesh thin, coloured like the pileus, white
when dry; gills adnate, thin, crowded, about 2 lines broad,
yellowish-white, sometimes with a tinge of green ; stem 3—6
long, 1-3 lines thick, flexuous, equal, rooting, adpressedly
fibrillose, pale above, reddish-brown below, hollow; spores
broadly elliptical, ferruginous-brown, 10 x 6 p..

Agaricus (Flammula) inopus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 251 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 171 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 446.

On pine trunks.

Caespitose or gregarious; pileus rather viscid in moist
weather, honey-clay-colour, becoming pale, margin paler •
flesh similarly coloured, white when dry. Gills sometimes
with a pallid greenish tinge, but dry ; spores scanty, dingy
ferruginous. (Fries.)

Distinguished by the long, tapering, rooting base of the
stem.

Flammula apicrea. Fr.

Pileus lg— 3 in. across, convex then expanded and almost
plane, flesh thin, yellow, even, glabrous, moist, dingy orange,
disc darker, margin often splitting ; gills adnate, crowded,
thin, 2 lines broad, shining ferruginous; stern 2-3 in. long,
2-3 lines thick, equal, not rooting, pallid, fibrillose, ferrugi-
nous downwards as are also the fibrils, hollow, flesh yellow ;
spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7x3/1.

Agaricus (Flammula^) apicrea, Fries, Epicr., p. 188 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 171 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 436.

On rotten trunks. Eather caespitose.

Very similar to Flammula alnicola, but the colour of the
gills almost unchangeable, flesh hygrophanous, pileus clay-
colour, disc fulvous, becoming pale, smell sweet. (Fries.)

FLAMMULA. 139

**** SAPINEI.

Flammula hybrida. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, hemispherical then expanded,
margin involute, obtuse, regular and symmetrical, glabrous,
even, moist, tawny-cinnamon then rich tawny-orange, flesh
thin, tawny ; gills adnate, rather crowded, 2 lines broad,
yellowish then tawny-ferruginous; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4
lines thick, usually attenuated upwards, villose then silky,
rather striate ; stuffed then hollow, whitish with silky down,
but tawny-orange when the down disappears ; ring present
as an annular zone near the apex of the stem, white ; spores
elliptical, tawny-ochraceous, 7-8 x 4-5 p..

Agaricus hybridus, Fries, Obs., ii. p. 30 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
171 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 615.

On stumps and on the ground amongst fragments of
wood, &c.

Stem hollow, base white and downy. Pileus regular,
disc compact, at first cinnamon-fulvous, then golden-fulvous,
flesh pallid. Spores as in Flammula penetrans, ochraceous.
(Fries.)

Flammula sapinea. Fr.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, fleshy, compact, hemispherical then
expanded, very obtuse, slightly flocculoso-squamulose then
usually cracked into minute scales, dry, tawny-orange, paler
towards the margin ; gills adnate, crowded, 2 lines broad,
plane, yellow then tawny-cinnamon ; stem 1-2 in. high, up
to \ in. thick, solid or hollow, but stout and often irregular,
conspicuously fleshy fibrous, not corticated, rooting, yellowish
turning brownish when bruised ; spores yellowish, elliptical,
8 x 5/x.

Agaricus (Flammula') aapineus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 239 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 171; Cke., Illustr., pi. 447? (If the right
plant, a very remarkable var,, umbonate, stem thin, &c.)

On pine woods.

Subcaespitose. Stem usually short, solid or hollow,
brownish when bruised, often compressed, lacunose, &c.
Pileus 1-4 in. across, disc subopaque, margin shining, paler.
Flesh thick, but soft and not splitting, yellowish. Smell
strong. The yellowish veil scarcely evident. (Fries.)

140 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Var. terrestris. Caespitose, stem fusiformly rooting,
elongated.

Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 251.

Flammula liquiritiae. Pers.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thin, splitting, yellow, convex
then becoming expanded and almost plane, rather umbonate,
glabrous, moist, margin at length finely striate, bay-brown
or tawny-orange, becoming pale; gills obtusely adnate,
rounded behind, 3 lines broad, golden -yellow then tawny-
•cinnamon, not spotted ; stem about 2 in. long and 2-3 lines
thick, attenuated upwards, often unequal and curved, fibrous,
striate, at first covered with white silkiness, tawny-fer-
ruginous, hollow, tawny-yellow within ; veil absent.

Agaricm liquiritiae, Pers., Syn., p. 306 ; Fries, Hym. Eur.,
p. 251; Cke., Hdbk., p. 172.

On fir trunks.

Taste sweet, like that of liquorice. (Berk.)

Subcaespitose. Stem 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, not pruinose
nor with a trace of ring, base thickened, villous, tawny-
yellow within, pileus 1—3 broad, golden or orange-tawny,
at length flaccid, flesh thin, yellow. Smell acid. (Fries.)

Plammula picrea. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, yellowish, splitting,
convex then expanded, obtuse, even, glabrous, tawny-bay or
brownish-cinnamon, when old pale and tawny, moist in rainy
weather ; gills adnate then more or less seceding, crowded,
1^ line broad, yellowish then ferruginous ; stem 2-3 long,
about 2 lines thick, slightly thinner upwards, straight, not
corticated, pale umber, at first mealy, hollow; veil absent;
spores elliptical, yellowish, 8-10 x 5-6 p.

Agaricus (Flammula) picreus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 239;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 172 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 448.

On pine stumps, deal boards, &c.

Subcaespitose. Stem easily compressed, sometimes silky
and pale, but darker when bruised. Pileus when moist
rufous or bay-cinnamon, becoming pale, tawny, &c., half an
inch across, flesh same colour. Gills sometimes almost de-
current. Varies with the pileus campanulate, stem slender,
straight, equal ; also pileus cracked into papillae, disc rather
squamulose. (Fries.)

FLAMMULA. 141

Plammula nitens. Cke. & Mass.

Caespitose. Pileus 1-1^ in. across, hemispherical, obtuse,
shining, dry, somewhat silky, dark purple-brown, not
becoming pale; gills adnate, crowded, 2-3 lines broad,
margin entire, pallid then umber; stem 2-3 in. long, 4-5
lines thick, equal, fibrillose, incurved, pale pinkish-brown,
solid; spores almond-shaped, 10 x 5-6 /u.

Agaricus (Flammula) nitens, Cooke & Massee, Grev., vol.
xviii. p. 52; Cke., Hdbk., p. 375; Cke., Illustr. Suppl., pi.
1154.

On the ground. Caespitose. Keadily known by the
distinct colour of the pileus and the stout, solid stem.

***** SEEICELLI.

Flammula ochrochlora. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtusely
umbonate, dry, silky, minutely squamulose, greenish straw-
colour then pallid; flesh white then greenish; gills adnate,
crowded, 1-1 •£ lines broad, whitish then green, at length
olive ; stem 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, hollow, attenuated
upwards, often curved and flexuous, scaly and also with
whitish flocci, thin, within and at the base, ferruginous ; veil
evident in the young stage (of the Hypholoma type), white ;
spores elliptical, clear, ferruginous, 8 x 4 /*.

Agaricus (Flammula) oclirochlorus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 301 ;
Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 252 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 172 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 616.

On old trunks, furze roots, &c.

Caespitose. Stature and habit of Hypholoma fa8cicularisr
but distinguished by the clear ferruginous spores. (Fries.)

Flammula helomorpha. Fr.

Pileus ^— 1 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then expanded,
unequal, gibbous, viscid, dry, minutely silky, margin thin,
unequal, incurved, white; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded,
1-1 £ line broad, white then tan-colour; stem 1 in. long, 2
lines thick, unequal, curved, ascending, even, almost glabrous,
whitish, solid; veil absent; spores elliptical, tan-colour,
10 X 6 /*.

142 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Agaricus (Flammula} helomorphus, ' Fries, Epicr., p. 184 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 172 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 449 A.

OQ the ground in pine woods, &c.

Scattered. Pileus often obtusely umbonate, stem sometimes
slightly thinner downwards, rather silky above tinder a lens ;
distinguished by its small size and white colour. Flammula
•scamba, its nearest ally, is known by the flocculose stem which
eventually becomes tinged with tawny,

Flammula scamba. Fr.

Pileus -§— 1^ in. across, rather fleshy, convex then plane
and more or less depressed, viscid in wet weather, floccosely
villose, dingy white ; gills adnato-decurrent. crowded, some-
what wavy, 2 lines broad, pale yellowish clay-colour ; stem
1-1 J in. long, 1 line or more thick, incurved, flocculose, white,
usually thinner downwards, partly stuffed ; spores elliptical,
yellowish, 10-12 x 5-6 p.

Agaricus (Flammula} scambus, Fries, Obs., ii. p. 45 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 172 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 449B.

In pine woods, on larch and on the ground.

Gregarious, tough, variable in form, pileus sometimes
•convex and umbonate, stem becoming ferruginous down-
wards, and the pileus tinged pale dingy ochraceous.

Flammula filicea. Cooke.

Pileus |~1^ in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane or
slightly depressed, minutely squamuloso-fibrillose, deep yel-
low, tawny-orange in the centre ; gills adnate, crowded,
about 1| line broad, sulphur-yellow, at length tawny cinna-
mon; stem l|-2 in. long, 1| line thick, equal, even, almost
smooth, sulphur-yellow, base often tawny, hollow; veil
adhering to the stem and the margin of the pileus in reddish,
fugacious fragments.

Agaricus (Flammula') filiceus,Cke., Seem., Journ. Bot. (1863),
p. 66, t. 3, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 173; Cke., Illustr., pi. 450.

On old tree-fern stems. In all probability an introduced
species. Eemarkable for the sulphur-yellow colour of every
part, flesh also.

Flammula purpurata. Cke. & Mass. (fig. 15, p. 3.)
Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded, ob-

GALEKA. 143

tusely umbonate, purple or purple-brown, clad with minute,
persistent small squamules of the same colour, dry, not
becoming pale ; gilis adnate, somewhat rounded behind, not
crowded, lemon-yellow, at length bright ferruginous, narrow ;
stem 1-2 in. long, curved, ascending, equal, smooth and
pallid above, purplish and granulose downwards, solid, flesh
yellow towards the apex, purplish below ; ring imperfect,
tibrillose ; spores elliptical, ferruginous, 8 x 5 /A.

Agaricus (Flammula) purpuratus, Cooke & Massee, Grev.,
vol. xviii. p. 73 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 375 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 964.

On tree-fern stems.

Taste very bitter. Flesh of p ileus thick, tinged with
purple. Probably an imported species.

GALERA. Fries, (figs. 5, 6, p. 3.)

Pileus more or less membranaceous, conical or oval then
expanded, striate, margin at first straight and adpressed to
the stem ; stem central, somewhat cartilaginous, tubular ;
gills adnate or slightly adnexed and becoming almost free,
sometimes with a slight decurrent tooth, but never truly
decnrrent; spores elliptical, smooth, tawny-ochraceous.

Galera, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 264 (as a subgenus of
Afjaricus) ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 183.

The genus is most nearly allied 'to Naucoria, but dis-
tinguished by the thin, stiiate pileus, having the margin
straight and adpressed to the stem when young. Mostly
slender, small, and fragile.

A remarkably natural group. Corresponding to Mycena
and Nolanea, but readily distinguished by the rusty-ochra-
ceous spores. From other groups of the Dermini (Ochro-
sporae), distinguished by the hollow, cartilaginous stem, and
the more or less campanulate pileus having the margin
straight and adpressed to the stem at first. Veil evident
in some species, but fugacious, fibrillose, in others quite
absent. Species not very numerous, generally autumnal, for
the most part terrestrial, slender, fragile. (Fries.)

144 FUNGUS-FLORA.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

f CONOCEPHALI.

Pileus conico-campatmlate, hygrophanous, almost even,
atomate when dry; stem straight; gills ascending, rather
crowded ; veil absent.

ft BRYOGENI.

Pileus memt>ranaceous, campanulate, striate, glabrous,
hygrophanous, even when dry, opaque, and somewhat silky ;
stem slender, lax, not perfectly straight ; gills broad, adnate
with a small decurrent tooth ; slender, growing among moss ;
veil very fugacious.

Iff ERIODERMEI.

Pileus submembranaceous, veil evident, superficial, dis-
appearing, at first silky or squamulose, especially near the
margin.

t CONOCEPHALI.

Galera lateritia. Fr.

r Pileus 1 in. or more high, somewhat cylindrical then cam-
panulate or conical, obtuse, hygrophanous, pale yellowish
and the margin faintly striate, even and whitish ochre when
dry, membranaceous ; gills adnexed, nearly free, veiy narrow,
crowded, tawny- ferruginous ; stem 3-4 in. long, li line thick,
slightly thinner upwards, straight, fragile, whitish, frosted
with white meal, hollow; spores 11-12 X 5-6 /A.

Agaricus (Galera) laieritius, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 265 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 183 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 460.

In rich pastures, &c.

Allied to G. ovalis, but clearly distinguished by the narrow,
ascending gills. Very fragile.

Galera tenera. Schaeff. figs. 5, 6, p. 3.)
Pileus |~ f in. high and broad, thin, conico-campanulate,
obtuse, hygrophanous, entirely pale ferruginous when moist,

GALERA. 145

even, pale, and rather atomate when dry; gills adnate,
crowded, ascending, rather broad, cinnamon ; stem 3-4 in.
long, 1-1 1 line thick, fragile, equal or slightly thinner up-
wards, straight, rather shining, striate above, colours like
the pileus; spores 12-13 X 7 /z.

Agaricus tener, Schaeff., t. 70, f. 6-8 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 183 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 461.

Amongst grass. Size very variable, all one colour when
moist ; the pileus is slightly striate when moist ; even and
pale, as is also the stem when dry. Differs from 6, lateritia
in the coloured stem and broad gills.

Far. pillosella, Pers. Pileus and stem covered with
short, scattered pubescence when moist.
Cke., Illustr., pi. 461.

Galera siliginea. Fr.

Pileus about ^ in. across, globosely campanulate, then ex-
panded, unequal, even, greyish, not becoming pale; gills
adnate, narrow, rather crowded, ochraceous ; stem rather
wavy, equal, pallid, somewhat pruinose.

Afjaricus (Galera) siligineus, Fries, Obs., ii. p. 168 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 376 (excl. fig. quoted).

Under ferns, &c., in damp shady places. Stem fistulose,
2-3 in. long, 1 line thick, cylindrical, rather firm, yellow,
not striate nor villose, but slightly powdered everywhere
with white meal, stem sometimes fragile. Pileus membrana-
ceous, campanulate then expanded and somewhat convex,
striate, glabrous, dry, rather fragile; 3-4 lines high and
broad, yellowish-ochre. Flesh very thin, coloured like the
pileus. Gills rounded, adnexed, distinct, not distant,
watery yellow. (Fries.)

The above is Fries' description in Obs., ii. p. 168, which
does not quite agree with his later one in Hym. Eur., p. 267,
where he says : Separated from all others by the pallid stem,
not straight, and often attenuate at the base, pileus some-
what greyish, unusually convex, margin often flexuous.

Galera campanulata. Mass.

Pileus |— f in. broad and high, persistently campanulate,
subacute, even, hygrophanous, deep cinnamon when moist,
slightly rugulose, almost white, and atomate when dry;

VOL. n. L

146 FUNGUS-FLORA.

flesh thin, white when dry; gills adnate, rather crowded,
about 1 line broad, tawny -cinnamon ; stem about 2 in. long,
not 1 line thick, equal or slightly incrassated at the base,
ilexuous, almost glabrous, even, pallid, base darker, whitish
when dry, minutely hollow; spores elliptical, ends rather
acute, 12 X 7 //,.

Agaricus (Galera) siligineus, Fries, in Cke., Illustr., pi. 1156.

Smell strong. Gregarious on road scrapings and in dry-
places by road sides, &c.

The pileus and stem become nearly or sometimes quite
white when dry. Cooke at one time considered this species
as a form of Galera siliginea, and figured it under this name,
adding in the Hdbk., p. 376 : The variety figured turns
pale when dry, thus differing from the type.

Galera ovalis. Fr.

Pileus 1 in. high, 1— If in. across, almost membranaceous,
ovate-campanulate, even, hygrophanous, ferruginous when
moist, yellowish when dry ; margin straight and adpressed
to the stem ; gills almost free, very ventricose, broad, crowded,
ierruginous, somewhat deliquescent; stem 3-4 in. long, 1±-
line thick, equal, straight, slightly striate, coloured like the
pileus, hollow; spores elliptical, 10 x 6 p.

Agaricus (Galera} ovalis, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 389 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 462 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 184.

On dung and amongst grass.

Agreeing in colour with G. tenera, but larger in every
part, and also differs in the partial veil, which, though very
fugacious, often forms an imperfect ring in the young state.
Distinguished from G. lateritia in the coloured stem.

Galera antipoda. Lasch.

Pileus ^— 1 in. across, disc slightly prominent and fleshy,
remainder thin, campanulate-convex, even, hygrophanous,
deep ochraceous when moist, almost white and atomate when
dry; gills almost free, narrowed behind, crowded, narrow,
lanceolate, yellowish, ochraceous; stem about 1 in. long,
straight, 1 line thick, rather bulbous at the base, and con-
tinued as a long tapering root, pale ochraceous, mealy,
striate; spores elliptical, 15-16 x 8 /u.

Agaricus antipus, Lasch, n. 401 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 184 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 463A.

GALERA. 147

On dung and on the ground.

Readily known by the long, tapering rooting base of the
stem.

Galera conferta. Bolton.

Densely crowded ; pileus |-£ in. across, thin, conico-cam-
panulate, striate, hygrophanous, fuscous when moist, ochra-
ceous or whitish with the disc only coloured when dry;
gills slightly adnexed, rather distant, 1 line or more broad,
white, then pale ochraceous-brown ; stem 1-2 in. long, up to
1 line thick, silky, shining, naked, whitish, with a long,
equal, rooting base.

Agaricus confertus, Bolton, Fung. Halifax, p. 41, t. 41 ;
(drawn in the dry stage); Cke., Hdbk., p. 181; Cke.,
lllustr., pi 463n. (Copied from Bolton.)

In stoves. Very much crowded and very fragile. Not
seen since Bolton's time.

Galera spartea. Fr.

Pileus ^- j in. across, flesh very thin, campanulato-convex
then expanded, obtuse, hygrophanous, watery ferruginous
and pellucidly striate when moist, pale tan and even when
dry; gills broadly adnate, crowded, plane, about 1 line
broad, dark cinnamon; stem 1-2 in. long, scarcely 1 line
thick, minutely hollow, smooth, polished, rigid, cinnamon
above, darker below, straight.

Agaricus (Galera) sparteus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 266;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 184; Cke., lllustr., pi. 48U.

Agaricus atro-rufus, Bolton, pi. 51, f. 1.

Amongst grass, moss, &o.

Very brittle, gregarious. Somewhat resembling G. tenera,
but smaller, and having the pileus more expanded at
maturity, and the stem, although straight, is flexile or in-
clined to form a very slight, long curve, but not flexuous,
i.e., with short repeated curves.

Galera pygmaeo-affinis. Fr.

Pileus 1-1£ in. across, almost membranaceous, campanulate
then expanded, dry, not striate, but slightly corrugated in
a reticulate manner, brownish or honey- coloured tan ; gills
slightly adnexed, almost free, crowded, thin, very narrow,
margin quite entire, tan-colour when young, rusty-ochre

L 2

148 FUNGUS-FLORA.

when adult ; stem 2—3 in. long, 1 line thick, hollow, fragile,
remarkably equal, white, apex slightly mealy when young;
veil almost obsolete.

Agaricus (Galera) pygmaeo-ajfinis, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 389 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 48lB; Cke., Hdbk., p. 184.

Among grass, &c.

Allied to G. ravida, but distinct in the crowded gills, &c.
Possibly a tall state of Naucoria pygmaen, with which it was
at one time joined; but the general features are those of
Galera rather than Naucoria. (Fries.)

ff BRYOGENI.

Galera yittaeformis. Fr.

Pileus £— 1 in. across, membranaceous, conical then hemi-
spherical, obtuse, disc even, margin striate, glabrous, bay
when moist; gills adnate, rather broad, somewhat ascend-
ing, rather distant, at first watery-cinnamon then ferru-
ginous ; stem l|-3 in. long, up to 1 line thick, nearly
straight, equal, glabrous or sometimes downy, minutely
striate under a lens, opaque, reddish ; veil hardly evident ;
spores elliptical, 12 x 6 p..

Agaricus (Galera) vittaeformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 294 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 185; Cke., Illustr., pi. 464A.

On the ground among grass, &c.

There is a smaller form having the pileus papillate, gills
narrow, and stem paler. (Fries.)

Galera rubiginosa. Pers.

Pileus ^-^ in. across, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse,
everywhere striate, glabrous, honey-colour when moist, even
and pale tan when dry ; gills adnate, ascending, rather
broad, distant, ochraceous; stem about 2 in. long, very-
slender, tough, flaccid, glabrous, shining, bay or dark ferru-
ginous, hollow; spores elliptical, 10 x 5 p.

Agaricus (Galera) rubiginosus, Pers., Syn., p. 385 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 185; Cke., Illustr., pi. 464n.

In pastures and woods, among moss, &c.

The stem is sometimes downy under a lens, and when
growing among high moss becomes elongated and straighter.
(Fries.)

GALERA. 149

Galera hypnoruxn. Batsch.

Pileus up to £ in. across, membranaceous, campanulate
then convex, often with a papillate umbo, sometimes obtuse,
finely striate except the disc, yellowish-ochre or watery-
cinnamon, tan-colour when dry; gills adnate, broad, ven-
tricose, distant, usually connected by veins, tawny-cinnamon,
margin flocculose ; stem about 2 in. long, flexuous, glabrous
but mealy at the apex, sometimes rigid, rather tawny, some-
times very slender, citron or ochraceous, hollow; spores
elliptical, 10 x 6 p..

Agaricus hypnorum, Batsch, f. 26; Cke., Hdbk., p. 185;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 465A.

Among moss.

Small, slender, form variable.

Var. sphagnorum, Fries, Monogr.,i. p. 394; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 186 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 465u.

About three times the size of the typical form; stem
longer and firmer, fibrillose, tawny ; pileus up to 1 in. across,
paler.

Among sphagnum.

Far. bryorum, Pers., Syn., p. 385; Cke., Hdbk., p. 185.
Larger than the type, watery-cinnamon, pileus papillate.
Among moss.

Galera mniophila. Lasch.

Pileus about f in. high and \ in. across, campanulate,
somewhat papillate, striate, yellowish-fuscous ; gills adnate,
ascending, broad, rather distant, yellowish-ochre; stem 2—3
in. long, 1 line or more thick, equal, slightly wavy, yellow,
apex mealy ; spores bluntly elliptical, 14 x 6 /A.

Agaricus mniophilus, Lasch, n. 410 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 186 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 466A.

Among moss.

Stem stouter than in allied small species, fibrillose, disc of
pileus even, when dry tan-colour.

Galera minuta. Quelet.

Pileus 1-2 lines across, very thin, campanulate, striate,
pale tawny-bistre, very tender; gills adnate, arcuate, as
broad as long, moderately crowded, yellowish then tan,

150 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

margin pale ; stem ^-f in. long, hair-like, smooth, tawny,
shining, woolly and white at the base; spores elliptical,
6 X 4 /*.

Agaricus (Galera) minutus, Quel., Jura, iii. 10, t. 1, f. 5 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 466s ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 186.

On decayed wood.

Eeadily distinguished by its small size.

tft EKIODEEMEL

Galera rayida. Fr.

Pileus |— 1J in. across, almost membranaceous at first
campanula~te then hemispherical, even, moist, very slightly
viscid, truly hygrophanous, rather silky when dry, colour
greyish, the margin when young more or less fringed with
tooth-like fragments of the white veil ; stem about 1| in.
long, about 1 line thick, equal, hollow, very fragile, ascending
or twisted, pallid or with a yellow tinge, but silvery shining,
fibrillosely striate, apex slightly mealy ; gills almost free,
broad, ventricose, distant, saifron-ochre or yellowish.

Agaricus (Galera) ravidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 204; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 186 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 467A.

On rotten wood, or on the ground among chips, &c.

Gregarious. Fragile. Pileus dingy ochraceous and some-
what silky when dry. Stem often rather twisted.

Galera mycenopsis. Fr.

Pileus up to | in. across, flesh very thin, carnpanulate then
expanded, disc even, striate to the middle, at first white and
silky near the margin from the veil, pale ochraceous ; gills
adnexed, seceding, ventricose, 1J line broad, rather distant,
whitish then pale ochraceous ; stem 3-4 in. long, attenuated,
with a white silkiness, hollow.

Agaricus mycenopsis, Fries, Obs., ii. p. 38 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 186 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 467B.

In marshy ground amongst sphagnum, &c.

Stem soft, 2-4 in. long, generally undulated, yellowish
with an evanescent silky down, fibrillosely striate, apex
pruinose. Pileus ochraceous becoming pale, 3-10 lines broad,
glabrous when adult, not viscid nor depressed. (Fries.)

NAUCOKIA. 151

NAUCOKIA. Fries, (figs. 8, 9, p. 3.)

Pileus more or less fleshy, conical, or convex then ex-
panded and becoming flattened, margin at first incurved ;
stem central, cartilaginous, hollow or spongy inside; gills
free, adnexed, or adnate, not decurrent; veil fugacious,
squamulose, or absent.

Naucoria (as a subgenus of Agaricus), Fries, Syst. Myc., i.
p. 260; Cke., Hdbk, p. 173.

The species are mostly small and usually of a brownish
colour, growing on the ground among grass, rarely on wood.
Naucoria is most nearly allied to Galera, but distinguished
by the pileus being more fleshy, and not striate, and more
especially in the margin being incurved when young, this
last character, however, is rather indistinct in a few species,
as N. cucumis, N. cidaris, and N. badipes, nevertheless tho
sum of characters retain these species in the present genus,

Naucoria agrees morphologically with Leptonia and Collybia.

The species included under the present tribe are very
variable amongst themselves, but all agree in the following
characters. Spores ferruginous; stem cartilaginous; the
more or less fleshy pileus having the margin at first incurved.
(Fries.)

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

f GYMNOTI.

Pileus glabrous; veil absent; spores ferruginous, not
ferruginous-brown .

* Gills free or slightly adnexed.

** Gills adnate ; pileus convexo-plane.

*** Gills adnate ; pileus campanulate then expanded.

|f PHAEOTI.

Pileus naked; gills and spores ferruginous-brown; veil
not conspicuous.

152 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

* Pediadei ; growing in fields and pastures.

** Scorpioidei; growing in woods and damp, uncultivated
places.

ttj LEPIDOTI. (Typical species.')

Pileus flocculose or squamulose ; veil evident ; spores
ferruginous.

* Scales of pileus superficial, disappearing.
** Pileus innately (persistently) squamulose.

*** Pileus destitute of squamules, but silkily atomate.

f GYMNOTI.
* Gills free or slightly adnexed.

Naucoria lugubris. Fr.

Pileus l|-3 in. across, fleshy, campanulate then expanded,
undulate, gibbous, even, smooth, pallid then ferruginous,
sometimes bay at the disc ; flesh white ; gills free, ventricose,
very broad behind, narrow in front, crowded, pallid then
ferruginous, margin usually serrated; stem 3-4 in. long,
3-5 lines thick, rigid, smooth, fusiformly-rooting, externally
remarkably cartilaginous, pallid becoming ferruginous below,
hollow ; spores pip-shaped, 7 X 4 //,.

Agaricus (Naucoria) lugubris, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 254 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 173 , Cke., Illustr., pi. 1187.

On the ground amongst grass, &c.

Stem 4 in. long, 4 lines thick, base at length reddish.
Pileus 3 in. broad, now and then tenaciously viscid. A
remarkable form occurs in pine woods with the pileus bullate,
disc bay, stem short (2 in.). (Fries.)

Naucoria festiva. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin except at the apex,
convex, rather gibbous, even, glutinous, usually brownish-

NAUCORIA. 153

olive, dirty pale ochraceous when dry ; gills free, ventricose,
crowded, about 2 lines broad, pale becoming ferruginous*;
stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, attenuated and
rooting at the base, smooth, even, usually whitish, but some-
times variously coloured, hollow; spores elliptical, pale
ferruginous, 12 x 6 /x.

Agaricus (Naucoria) j 'estiva, Fries, Epicr., p. 192; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 173; Cke., Illustr., Suppl., pi. 969.

Amongst grass.

A very fine species, but from the variable colours difficult
to define. Stem 2 in. long, 2-4 lines thick if equal, but
varying, ventricose and compressed, violet, rufous, &c. Pileus.
1-2 in. broad, straw-colour with an olive tinge when dry,
bay, rufous, &c. Gills at first white then olive or yellowish
or rufous-blood-red. (Fries.)

Naucoria obtusa. Cke. & Mass.

Pileus about 1 in. broad and high, campanulato-convex,
very obtuse, faintly striate at the margin, rufous or orange-
tawny, becoming pale; broadly 'adnate, with a slight de-
current tooth, 2-3 lines broad, ventricose, cinnamon, margin
serrate ; stem about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, even,
yellowish flesh-colour or pale cinnamon, darker within, espe-
cially at the base, hollow ; spores elliptical, 7-8 x 4 p..

Agaricus (Naucoria) obtusus, Cke. & Massee, Grev., xviii..
p. 52; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1155.

On the ground.

There is no trace of a veil. Known amongst the large,,
broad-gilled species of Naucoria by the broadly adnate,
serrate gills. The same features, along with the shorter
and thicker stem, separates the present species from Galera
ovalis, which it somewhat resembles in size and general
appearance.

Naucoria hamadryas. Fr.

Pileus l|-2 in, across, flesh thin, convex then expanded^
gibbous, even, ferruginous-bay, when old and dry yellowish ;.
gills slightly adnexed, narrowed behind, about 2 lines broad,,
crowded, opaque, ferruginous; stem 2-3 in. long, 3 lines
thick, equal, fragile, glabrous, pallid, hollow; veil absent;
spores elliptical, ferruginous, 13-14 X 7 /u.

154 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Agaricus (Naucoria) Jiamadryas, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 366 ;
Fries, Icon., 1. 121, f. 3; Cke., Hdbk., p. 174; Cke., Illustr.,
Suppl., pi. 965.

On the ground under trees, &c. Hygrophanous.

Naucoria cidaris. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. broad and high, flesh thin, conical then
campanulate, even, margin slightly striate, more or less un-
dulated, cinnamon-tan, tan-colour when dry ; gills adfixed
then seceding, crowded, ventricose, ascending, honey-colour;
stem about 1| in. long, attenuated downwards, 2-3 lines
thick at the apex, blackish-brown, hollow.

Agaricus (Naucoria) cidaris, Fries, Epicr., p. 192; Cke.,
p. 174 : Cke., Illustr., pi. 451.

On the ground in pine woods, round trunks, &c.

Stem often compressed and flexuous, tough, allied to
Naucoria cucumis, but distinguished by the absence of a strong
smell, as in the last-named species. A smaller, more elegant
form, with the pileus tawny-cinnamon, stem straight, and
gills crowded.

Naucoria cucumis. Pers.

Pileus §-1 in. across, rather fleshy, broadly campanulate,
obtuse, glabrous, even, bay-brown when moist, fawn-colour
or tan when dry; gills adnexed, ventricose, pale then
saffron-colour, crowded; stem firm, 1-2 in. long, 1|- line
thick, attenuated downwards, stufied below, hollow above,
bay or blackish-brown, paler and slightly pruinose upwards.

Agaricus (Naucoria) cucumis, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 255 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 174; Cke., Illustr., pi. 452.

Agaricus cucumis, Pers., Syn., p. 319.

On the ground amongst fragments of wood, sawdust, &c.

Distinguished by the strong smell of cucumber. The
dark colour of the pileus disappears at the margin first on
drying.

Naucoria anguinea. Fr.

Pileus l|-2 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then
convex, gibbous, even, yellowish-tan colour, when young
with a silky zone near the margin, the remains of the white,
fibrillose veil ; gills nearly free, crowded, linear, pale yellow-
then ferruginous ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, slightly

NAUCORIA. 155

thickened at the base, rather wavy, brownish, densely
covered with white fibrils, silky -spotted when dry.

Agaricus (Naucoria) anguineus, Fries, Epicr., p. 193 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 174; Cke., Illustr., p. 455.

On the ground.

Allied to N. cucumis, but distinguished by being more
robust, larger, absence of cucumber-like smell, and by the
presence of the veil near the edge of the pileus.

Naucoria centuncula. Fr.

Pileus |-1 in. across, rather fleshy, often excentric,
convexo-plane, obtuse, even, dry, lurid-greenish, then yel-
lowish-green, becoming pale, but not hygrophanous ; gills
adnate but soon separating from the stem, broad, thickish,
greyish-yellow, margin minutely toothed with greenish-yel-
low flocci ; stem about 1 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, almost
equal, usually, from the position, curved, yellowish-grey,
powdery above, with white down at the base, hollow.

Agaricus (Naucoria) centunculus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 262 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 174; Cke., Illustr., pi. 60U.

On rotten wood.

Gregarious, sometimes rather caespitose, firm, tough, veil
absent, colour more or less green.

Naucoria horizontalis. Bull.

Pileus |~! in. across, fle^y, convexo-plane, obtuse, even,
pale cinnamon ; gills rounded behind, almost free, broad,
rather distant, plane, cinnamon ; stem |-| in. long, 1 line
thick, solid, smooth, incurved, pale cinnamon.

Agaricus horizontalis, Bulliard, t. 324 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 175;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 601u.

On trunks of elm, &c.

Gregarious, growing horizontally, every part cinnamon.

Naucoria semiflexa. B. & Br.

Pileus up to \ in. across, convexo-plane, chestnut-colour,
margin fringed with a delicate white, silky veil, hygro-
phanous ; gills adnexed, rather broad and distant, brownish ;
stem \-\ in. long, incurved, pale, solid ; flesh white, as is
also that of the pileus ; spores elliptical, amber, rather
coarsely warted, 8 x 5 ^.

156 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Agaricus (Naucoria) semiJJexus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n.
1246; Cke., Hdbk., p. 175; Cke., Illustr., pi. 509A.

On wood and on the ground.

A small, gregarious species, distinguished by the dark-
brown pileus that is white and silky near the margin from
the veil, and the rough spores.

Naucoria rimulincola. Eabh.

Pileus about \ in. across, convex, umbilicate, margin
plicate, rugulosely-tomentose, pale cinnamon ; gills adnexed,
rather distant, thick, very broad in proportion, pale cinna-
mon ; stem more or less excentric, incurved, pale, solid, about
\ in. long; spores 10 x 5, cinnamon.

Agaricus (Naucoria) rimulincola, Eabenh., exs. Fung. Eur..
n. 1511; Flora, 1851, p. 505; Cke., Hdbk., p. 175; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 509s.

On twigs, &c.

Distinguished by the coarsely-plicate pileus and the broad,
distant gills.

** Gills adnate, pileus convexo-plane.

Naucoria abstrusa. Fr.

Pileus f-1 in. across, convex then flattened, orbicular, even,
smooth, viscid, ferruginous-tan ; flesh dingy, very thin at
the margin; gills adnate, crowded, plane, cinnamon or
dilute ferruginous ; stem 1-1 1 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal,
straight, polished, naked, even, pale ferruginous, darker at
the base, hollow; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 X 5 p..

Agaricus (Naucoria) alstrusus, Fries, Epicr., p. 194; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 175; Cke., Illustr., pi. 456.

On leaf-soil, sawdust, &c.

Stem distinctly cartilaginous, tough. N. sideroides some-
what resembles the present, but grows on wood. N. meli-
noides has the margin of the pileus striate.

Naucoria innocua. Lasch.

Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, convex, obtuse,
almost glabrous, striate, reddish-brown, becoming pale; gills
adnate, rather crowded, narrow, yellowish-ochre ; stem about
1 in. long, and 2 lines thick, paler than the pileus, whitish-

NAUCORIA. 157

fibril lose, woolly at the base, stuffed; spores elliptical, 10-
11 x 4-5 /*.

Agaricus (Naucoria) innocuus, Lasch, n. 398 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 439A; Cke., Hdbk., p. 176.

On damp ground.

Naucoria cerodes. Fr.

Pileus §-1^ in. across, campanulato-convex then expanded,
obtuse, at length depressed, orbicular, smooth, even, hygro-
phanous, watery cinnamon when moist, silky and wax-colour
when dry ; gills adnate, separating from the stem, broad,
cinnamon- colour, rather distant; stem 1|-2| in. long, 2 lines
thick, equal, naked, yellowish, base ferruginous, hollow ;
spores elliptical, smooth, 6 X 3 /A.

Agaricus (Naucoria) cerodes, Fries, Epicr., p. 1 95 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 176 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 489s.

Amongst grass ; on burnt soil, &c.

Gregarious. Margin of pileus sometimes slightly pellucidly
striate when moist. Eesembling in colour Galera hypnorum ;
the latter, however, differs in the umbonate pileus, broader
gills, and longer stem.

Naucoria melinoides. Fr.

Pileus |-1 in. across, convex then almost plane, slightly
gibbous, even, glabrous, tawny when moist, ochraceous when
dry, slightly striate at the margin when old ; gills adnate,
triangular-oblong, crowded, margin minutely dentate, some-
what tawny or honey-colour ; stem about l£ in. long, 1 line
or more thick, equal or slightly thinner upwards, coloured
like the pileus, base paler, sprinkled with white meal at the
apex, hollow, rather firm ; spores elliptical, 10-12 x 4-5 p..

Agaricus (Naucoria) melinoides, Fries, Epicr., p. 195 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 176 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 457A.

Amongst grass on lawns, &c.

Pileus 2 lines to 1 in. broad, submembranaceous, umbonate,
when moist tawny, margin pellucid, ochraceous or whitish
when dry. Gills very variable, adnexed or broadly adnate,
ventricose, at first paler than the pileus, at length cinnamon.
Stem 1-2 in. high, scarce 1 line thick, fistulose above, sub-
pruinose, thickened below and downy, changing colour. The
gills remain bright. (Berk.)

3 58 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Naucoria pusiola. Fr.

Pileus about \ in. across, rather fleshy, hemispherical then
expanded, obtuse, eveu, smooth, rather viscid, yellow, not
hygrophanous ; gills adnate, broad, crowded, plane, pallid
then cinnamon ; stem about 1 in. long, not 1 line thick, tough,
glabrous, yellow, shining, slightly viscid ; spores elliptical,
8 X 4 p..

Agaricus (Naucoria) pusiolus, Fries, Epicr., p. 195; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 176 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 457s?

Amongst grass, moss, &c.

Somewhat variable, but always small, and readily dis-
tinguished by the yellow pileus and stem being slightly viscid.

It is doubtful whether the figure given by Cooke and
quoted above, represents the present species, as pileus, stem,
and flesh are represented of a uniform, pale reddish-brown ;
gills tawny, subdecurrent.

*** Gills adnate, pileus campanulate, then expanded.

Naucoria nucea. Bolton.

Pileus |-f in. across, flesh very thin, almost globose,
nmbilicate', often punctate, margin more or less lobed, in-
curved, pale chestnut; gills narrowed behind, adnate,
ascending, rather crisped, cinnamon ; stem about 3 in. long,
1^ lines thick, silky-fibrillose, white; spores elliptical, base
apiculate, 10-11 x 6 //,.

Agaricus nuceus, Bolton, Hist. Fung. Halifax, p. 70, t. 70 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 176; Cke., Illustr., pi. 490A (copied from
Bolton).

On the ground amongst firs, &c.

The root is a hard tubercle, furnished with fibres of a
mouldy grey colour.

The stem is upright, fistular, of a pale dead white, and
about the thickness of a crow's quill near the root, growing
gradually smaller upwards ; the height is about four inches,
the substance thin, tender, and easily splitting in small
shining filaments.

The gills are arranged in three series ; they are broad and
thin, gently waved on the edges, and touch not the stem
with their base ; the substance is thin and delicate, and the
colour a pale pretty brown.

NAUCORIA. 159

The pileus the size and colour of a Spanish hazel-nut; the
top umbilicated, the margin lobed and very much rolled in,
so as to touch the stem, or even to pass by it ; the opposite
lobes pressing against it, or lying over each other. It is
destitute of flesh, of a dry, pliable substance, and a smooth,
dry, silky shining surface. (Bolton.)

Naucoria glandiformis. W. G. Sm.

Pileus about 1 in. high and broad, at first obtusely cani-
panulate, becoming somewhat hemispherical, or filbert-
shaped, nut-brown, smooth, even ; gills very broad, ^ in. and
more, rounded behind, adnexed, umber ; stem 3-4 in. long,
2 lines thick, even, erect, equal, pallid, sometimes twisted,
stuffed then hollow; spores broadly almond-shaped, 10-12 x
6-8 /*.

Agaricus (Naucoria) glandiformis, W. G. Smith, Grev., xiii.
p. 59; Cke., Hdbk., p. 177; Cke., Illustr., pi. 490B.

On the ground.

Eeadily known by the very broad, rusty-umber gills ancl
the dark, campanulate pileus.

Naucoria badipes. Fr.

Pileus i-| in. across, submembranaceous, campanulate then
convex, slightly umbonate, glabrous, pellucidly striate up to-
the umbo, yellowish rusty, pale tan when dry ; gills adnate,
ventricose, about 1 line broad, rather distant, yellowish rust-
colour ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1| line thick, hollow, equal, rigid,
ferruginous, variegated up to the middle with white, fibril-
lose squamules ; spores elliptical, 10 x 5 p..

Agaricus (Naucoria) badipea, Fries, Epicr., p. 196; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 177 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 49lA.

On the ground in damp places.

Stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, somewhat flexuous,
paler above the middle, even, naked, base fuscous. Pileus
4-6 lines broad, gilvous-ferruginous when moist, even, and
tan-colour when dry, margin almost straight. Eesernbles a
Galera, but distinguished by the squamules of the veil on the
stem. (Fries.)

Naucoria hydrophila. Mass.

Pileus |-1| in. across, campanulate then slightly expanded,
acutely umbonate, glabrous, margin striate when moist, pale

160 FUNGUS-FLORA.

ochraceous- tan with a distinct tinge of green here and there ;
iiesh very thin, greenish; gills adnexed, rather crowded,
1| line broad, pallid then brownish, margin pale; stem
Ij— 2 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, flexuous, smooth, even,
with red and green tints, hollow; spores elliptical, brown,
13-14 x 6-7 fji.

Agaricus (Naucoria') nasutus, Kalchbr., Cke., Hdbk., p. 376;
€ke., Illustr., pi. 1172A.

In swampy places under trees.

Gregarious. The present species was referred by Cooke to
Ag. nasutus, Kalchbrenner, an Australian fungus, from which,
however, it is perfectly distinct, neither is it referable to any
other known species.

Naucoria scolecina. Fr.

Pileus |-f in. across, rather fleshy, campanulato-convex
then plane, margin slightly striate ; rusty-bay, paler towards
tiie margin ; gills adnate, rather distant, white with a flesh-
coloured tinge, then ferruginous, margin downy; stem
2-3 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, flexuous, reddish ferruginous,
sprinkled with white meal, hollow ; spores dark ferruginous
in the mass, elliptical, 10 x 6 p..

Agaricus (Naucoria} scolecinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 194; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 177 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 491B.

On moist ground under alders, &c.

Stem becoming fuscous at the base ; pileus ferruginous-bay,
margin paler, opaque ; gills broadest behind.

Naucoria striaepes. Cooke.

Caespitose, or gregarious. Pileus 1-lJ in. across, cam-
panulate, obtuse, then expanded and often more or less
gibbous, smooth, even, ochraceous ; gills adnexed, rather
distant, 2—3 lines broad, tawny-cinnamon; stem 2—3 in. long,
2—3 lines thick, equal, straight or variously bent or flexuous,
hollow, white distinctly longitudinally striate ; spores
narrowly elliptical, 10-12 x 4 //,.

Agaricus (Naucoria'} striaepes, Cke., Grev., xiii. p. 60 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 177 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 478.

Amongst grass on lawns, &c.

Eeadily distinguished by the campanulate, ochraceous
pileus and white, distinctly striate stem.

NAUCORIA. 161

Naucoria sideroides. Bull.

Pileus |-1 in. broad, flesh very thin, white, campanulate,
then expanded, umbonate, glabrous, viscid, yellowish-
cinnamon, ochraceous-tan and rather shining when dry,
margin entire, incurved when young ; gills adnate with a
decurrent tooth, narrow, crowded, pale ochraceous then
cinnamon; stem 2-3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, slightly
attenuated upwards, even, glabrous or sprinkled with white
powder at the apex, pallid then yellowish, ferruginous down-
wards, base at length brownish ; spores elliptical, pale yellow,
8-10 X 4-6 IJL.

Agaricus (Naucoria) sideroides, Bull., t. 588 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 178 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 458A.

On trunks, chips, &c.

Stem sometimes hollow, at others stuffed. Gills adnate
with a decurrent tooth, sometimes sinuate, and hence un-
cinately adfixed. A terrestrial form differs in being paler
and honey-colour. (Fries.)

Naucoria triscopoda. Fr.

Pileus up to ^ in. across, flesh thin, at first hemispherical,
obtuse, then convexo-plane, umbo prominent, even, glabrous,
fine bay-colour when moist, ochraceous when dry, always
opaque; gills adnate, plane, thin, somewhat crowded, dark
ferruginous; stem J— 1$ in. long, not 1 line thick, equal,
curved or flexuous, glabrous, opaque, ferruginous, base
umber, stuffed then minutely hollow ; spores elliptical,
6-8 x 3-4 fi.

Agaricus (Naucoria) triscopus, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 375;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 178 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 458s.

On old wood.

Gregarious or scattered. With the habit of Galera spartea,
but most nearly allied to species of Naucoria.

jt PHAEOTI.
* Pediades. Growing in cultivated places.

Naucoria vervacti. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, fleshy, convexo-plane, slightly
umbonate, even, glabrous, viscid, shining when dry, pele

VOL. II. M

162 FUNGUS-FLOE A.

yellow ; gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded,
becoming ventricose, pallid then ferruginous-brown, nearly
2 lines broad ; stem 1—1^ in. long, glabrous, rigid, whitish,
not rooting, stuffed then hollow; spores elliptical, 12-16 x
8-10 p.

Agaricus (Naucoria) vervacti, Fries, Epicr., p. 197 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 178; Cke., Illustr., pi. 617A.

In meadows, gardens, &c.

Stem short, rather thick, sometimes attenuated upwards,
at others downwards. Pileus yellow. (Fries.)

Naucoria pediades. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, obtuse,
sometimes becoming slightly depressed, dry, at length
minutely rivulose but never striate, yellow-ochraceous then
pale tan-colour ; gills adnexed, about 2 lines broad, crowded
at first, then rather distant, at first brownish then dingy-
cinnamon; stem 2—3 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, somewhat
flexuous, silky, yellowish, base slightly bulbous, stuffed
with a distinct pith ; spores dingy ferruginous, elliptical,
10-12 x 4-5 /x; cystidia fairly numerous, 30-50 x 8-10 p..

Agaricus (Naucoria) pediades, Fries, Epicr., p. 197 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 178; Cke., Illustr., pi 492.

In pastures.

Stature variable, stem usually elongated ; spores about an
inch broad, ochraceous then tan-coloured. (Cooke.)

Naucoria arvalis. Fr.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, tough, flesh rather thick, convex
then expanded, orbicular obtuse, even, glabrous, slightly
viscid, yellowish-brown, paler when dry; gills adnexed,
rather distant, plane, 3 lines broad, brownish-white, then
ferruginous; stem about 1J in. long, 2 lines thick, even,
pulverulent, yellowish, continued downwards into a long,
rooting base ; spores elliptical, 9 x 5 //,.

Agaricus (Naucoria) arvalis, Fries, Epicr., p. 197; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 179 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 479 (variety).

On the ground in fields, gardens, &c.

There is no vestige of a veil present. Allied to N. semi-
orbicularis, but distinguished from this and every known
species by the long, rooting base of the stem.

NAUCORIA. 163

The plant figured is not the typical form; pileus f-H in.
Stein li-2£ in. With a distinct bulb between the ascend-
ing and descending portion of the stem. It is probably a.
distinct variety. (Cooke.)

Naucoria semiorbicularis. Bull.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, whitish ; hemispherical
then expanded, even, glabrous, slightly viscid, at length
rivulose, tawny-ferruginous, ochraceous when dry ; gills
aduate, rarely sinuate, very broad, crowded, pallid then
ferruginous; stem 2-4 in. long, 1-1 1 line thick, tough,
nearly straight, pale ferruginous, shining, base usually
darker, containing a free strand in the interior which readily
splits into fibrils ; spores elliptical, 10 X 5-6 /*.

Af/aricus semiorbicularis, Bull., Champ., t. 422 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 179; Cke., Illustr., pi. 493 (not typical, if the right
species).

Amongst short grass, &c.

Gills 3 lines broad. Allied to N. pediades, distinguished
by the viscid pileus and ferruginous stem.

Naucoria tabacina. D.C.

Pileus £-1 in. across, flesh thin, almost plane, very obtuse,
even, glabrous, hygrophanous, margin involute, umber, then
cinnamon -bay when moist, dingy pale tan when dry ; gills
adnate, crowded, plane, at length cinnamon-bay ; stem 1-2
in. long, 1—2 lines thick, glabrous, naked, cinnamon, base
fuscous, hollow, sometimes slightly wavy ; spores elliptical,
8-9 x 4-5 p.

Agaricm tdbacinus, D.C., Flor. Fr., vol. v. p. 46; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 179 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 493s.

By waysides, &o.

Subcaespitose. All one colour when moist, with the habit
of Naucoria cucumis ; pileus becoming cinnamon-bay, dingy
tan when dry; 3—9 lines broad, rather fleshy. Gills some-
what linear, not broader behind, at first yellowish, soon
umber, at length becoming ferruginous. Stem at times 2 in.
long, equal, flexuous ; sometimes only about 1 in. long,
thicker, attenuate at the base. A distinctly interwoven,
append iculate veil is rarely present; whereas in others from
the same cluster, not a trace of the veil is visible. (Fries.)

M 2

164

FUNGUS-FLORA.

** Scorpioidei. Growing in woods and damp uncultivated
places.

Naucoria tenax. Fr.

Pileus |-1 in. across, flesh rather thick, campanulate then
expanded, viscid, hygrophancus, glabrous, even, colour
between pale cinnamon and olive, or brownish-yellow, be--
coming pale when dry, hygrophanous ; gills adnate, rather
distant, brownish-white, becoming pale ferruginous, stem
1—2 in. long, about 1 line thick, stuffed then hollow, equal,
adprt ssedly fibrillose, yellowish, becoming tinged fuscous or
olive, spores elliptical, 8 x 5 /u,.

Agaricus (Naucoria^ tenax, Fries, Epicr., p. 198 ; Cke,,
Hdbk., p. 179; Cke., Illustr., pi. 617s.

Amongst grass, and on sticks.

Stem, depending on locality, sometimes ferruginous, at
others olivaceous. Pileus sometimes rugulose, usually cinna-
mon when moist, margin watery-yellow or with a greenish
tinge, ochraceous when dry. Gills pallid brownish-olive,
becoming ferruginous. (Fries.)

Naucoria myosotis. Fr.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, convex then expanded, subumbonate,
covered with a viscid pellicle, olive or brownish-green,
becoming pale and yellowish, disc darker; gills adnato-
decurrent, rather distant, at length rusty-brown, margin
serrulate, white ; stem 3-6 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal
sometimes flexuous, rather firm, hollow, squamulose, or with
dark fibrils, pallid, becoming brownish, apex powdered with
white meal; spores elliptical, 11-12 X 6 yu.

Agaricus (Naucoria) myosotis, Fries, Epicr., p. 198; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 180 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 494.

In damp localities, swamps, amongst sphagnum, &c.

dark honey-yellow, disc darker, silky, veil remaining in tufts
at the margin ; gills rather distant, ventricose, with a de-
current tooth, margin minutely serrulate, paler, at first pale
yellow with a pink tinge, then ferruginous. Stem long,
hollow, striate, mealy at the apex, whitish then rufous, with
silky, fibrillose scales and evanescent fibrillose ring.

NATJCORIA. 165

Naucoria temulenta. Fr. (figs. 8, 9, p. 3.)

Pileus §—1 in. across, somewhat membranaceous, campanu-
late then convex, subumbonate, margin slightly striate,
glabrous, ferruginous when moist, ochraceous when dry ;
gills adnate, narrowed in front, rather distant, lurid, then
ferruginous-umber; stem about 2 in. long, 1| line thick,
flexuous, glabrous, polished, apex slightly mealy, hollow, but
the hollow often containing a loose pith ; spores elliptical,
12 x 6/t.

Agaricus (Naucoria) temulentus, Fries, Epicr., p. 199 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 180 ; Cke., Illustr,, pi. 459.

In moist woods, &c.

Slender ; pileus somewhat umbonate, never depressed nor
pelliculose, ferruginous, ochraceous-tan and without striae
when dry. (Fries.)

Somewhat resembling N. pediades, but distinguished by
the pileus being striate at the margin when moist, and also
an being umbonate.

Naucoria latissima. Cooke.

Pileus £-l£ in. across, subglobose then hemispherical,
with a fleshy disc, margin at first incurved, deep chestnut-
brown ; gills adnexed, rounded behind, ^ in. and more across,
tawny-umber; stem l|-2 in. long, 2-4 lines thick at the
apex, attenuated downwards into a rooting base, smooth, dark
brown below, pale above, hollow.

Agaricus (Naucoria) latissima, Cke., Hdbk., p. 180; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 482.

Amongst grass.

Allied to N. arvalis in the rooting stem, but known by the
•margin of the pileus being incurved at first, and the smooth
(not powdered) stem. Also resembling N. glandiformis in
the colour of the pileus and the very broad gills, but dis-
tinguished by the tapering, rooting stem.

166 FUNGUS-FLOE A.

tft LEPIDOTI.

Scales of pileus superficial, disappearing.

Naucoria porriginosa. Fr.

Pileus |— 1J in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded
but not flattened, obtuse, viscid, tawny, becoming pale, tan-
colour when dry, margin slightly striate when old, sprinkled
with superficial, evanescent, saffron-coloured squamules;
gills adnate, usually with a minute decurrent tooth, crowded,
at first yellow, then tawny-cinnamon ; stem 2-3 in. long,
li-2| lines thick, hollow, equal, rather soft, silky, becoming
smooth, pallid.

Agaricus (Naucoria) porriginosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 200 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 180 ; Cke., Ulustr., pi. 510.

Amongst twigs, (fee.

The largest and most beautiful species included in the
present genus, readily distinguished by the viscid, tawny
orange pileus, which is at first covered with yellow or saffron-
coloured, minute, floccose scales.

Naucoria sobria. Fr.

Pileus |-f in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, slightly
viscid, somewhat silky, honey-colour when moist, disc darker,
becoming pale, slightly pruinose towards the margin from
the fugacious veil ; gills broadest behind, adnate, crowded,
broad, pale saffron-colour ; stem about li in. long and 1 J line
thick, hollow, rather firm, straight or slightly flexuous, equal,
pale above, rusty-brown below, here and there sprinkled
with white, silky spots, the remains of the veil ; spores
14-16 x 10 /x.

Agaricus (Naucoria} sdbrius, Fries, Epicr., p. 200 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 181 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 51U.

Veil small, like a furfuraceous or pruinose remnant at
first on margin of pileus and stem. Pileus not hygrophanous.
Gills •with a decurrent tooth, margin whitish.

Far. dispersus, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist, no.
1348; Cke., Hdbk., p. 181 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 511s.

Pileus 3-4 lines across, convex, ochraceous, delicately
punctulate, margin furfuraceous; stem |— 1 in. long, 1 line

NAUCORIA. 167

thick, equal or incrassated above, equal, furfuraceous, fistu-
lose ; ring appendiculate ; gills pallid, adnate, plane, margin
white.

Agaricus dispersus, Persoon, Myc. Eur., vol. iii. n. 268.

On lawns amongst short grass.

** Pileus persist ently squamulose.

Naucoria erinacea. Fr.

Pileus |-| in. across, flesh thin, convex, umbilicate, rusty-
umber, scaly with erect, squarrose, tufts of fibrils, margin at
first involute and cortinate; gills adnate, rather crowded,
broadish, rusty-brown, margin quite entire ; stem about | in.
long, not a line thick, equal, incurved, rusty-brown, hairy ;
spores variable, elliptical, 9-15 x 6-9 //,.

Agaricus (Naucoria) erinaceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 201 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 181 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 480A.

On dead branches.

Small, dry, persistent as in Marasmius. Entirely rusty-
brown. Allied to N. separia, but known by the stem being
squamulose nearly or quite to the apex, and the gills having
the margin quite entire.

Naucoria siparia. Fr.

Pileus |— -f- in. across, convex then obtuse, not umbilicate,
reddish-ferruginous, densely clothed with fasciculate tufts of
down resembling minute scales ; gills adnate, broad, rather
distant, coloured like the pileus, margin flocculose ; stem
about 1 in. long, slender, stuffed, equal ; peronate, squamulose
up to the ring, apex naked, glabrous, coloured like the pileus.

Agaricus (Naucoria') siparius, Fries, Epicr., p. 201 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 181 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 480s.

On fern stems, soil, &c.

Allied to N. erinacea, separated amongst other characters,
by the pileus not being umbilicate, and the flesh also thicker,
softer, and not dry. The floccoso-squamulose covering is the
universal veil, as in Lepiota granulosa. (Fries.)

Naucoria conspersa. Pers.

Pileus about \ in. across, fragile; convex then plane,
nearly even, soon becoming broken up into scurfy squamules,

168 FUNGUS-FLORA.

bay-cinnamon when moist, ochraceous when dry, hygro-
phanous; gills adnate, then separating from the stem,
crowded, cinnamon; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick,
fibrillose, brownish-cinnamon, apex with scurfy squamules.

Agaricus conspersus, Pers., Ic. Descr., t. 12, f. 3 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 181 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 512A.

On the ground, amongst leaves, sphagnum, &c.

The gills are dark at every stage. Gregarious, fragile.
In swamps a remarkable form occurs, 2-3 times as large as
the ordinary form, stem lon<r, twisted, umber, white and
downy at the base, pileus umbonate, li in. broad, brownish-
rufescent, gills broader. (Fries.)

Naucoria escharoides. Fr.

Pileus |-§ in. across, flesh thin, white, conico-convex then
expanded, obtuse, scurfy or squamulose, tan-colour then
whitish, disc becoming brownish; gills adnexed, with a
decurrent tooth, at length ernarginate, broad, lax, ventricose,
pallid-tan then somewhat cinnamon ; stem 1-2^ in. long,
fragile, hollow, flexuous adpressedly fibrillose, pallid then
fuscous, apex rather pruinose ; spores elliptic-oblong, 14 x 7 //,.

Agaricus (Naucoria) escharoides, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 260 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 182 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 512s.

On naked ground, &c.

Gregarious, subcaespitose ; fragile ; pileus pale from the
first, whitish-tan, disc and stem at length becoming brownish.
Gills becoming ernarginate, lax, nearly free, variable in
colour. (Fries.)

. Pileus campanulate, obtuse, slightly fleshy, umbonate or
umbilicate, sometimes plane, hygrophanous, innato-squamu-
lose, often venulose, tawny at length pallid; veil white,
evanescent; stem flexuons nearly equal, clothed with white
fibrils, pale, ringless, fistulose ; gills broad, bright cinnamon,
distant, fixed, acute behind, at length seceding. Brittle.
Spores pure ochre, not peroxidate. (Berk. & Broome.)

*** Pileus not scaly, silky or atomate.

Naucoria carpophila. Fr.

Pileus 1—3 lines broad, somewhat membranaceous, convex,
obtuse, hygrophanous, pale tan when moist, pallid or whitish

IIEBELOMA. 169

when dry, minutely scurfy with shining atoms ; not pilose,
rarely squamulose ; stem about | in. long, thin, scurfy then
naked, pallid, imperfectly hollow; gills rounded behind and
almost free, broad, rather distant, ventricose, crenulate, pallid
then ochraceous.

Agaricus (Naucoria) carpophilus, Fries, Epicr., p. 202 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 182 ; Cke., Illustr., 513A.

On beech pericarps and leaves.

Distinguished by its habitat and minute size.
Naucoria graminicola. Nees.

Pileus 2-4 lines broad, somewhat membranaceous, convex,
papillate, fuscous then pale tan, coarsely tomentose ; stem
about i in. long, £ line thick, tough, hairy, becoming
brownish ; gills slightly adnexed, rather distant, pale
ochraceous.

Agaricus (Naucoria) graminicola, Nees, Syst., fig. 186 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 182; Cke., Illustr., pi. 513B.

On grass, twigs, &c.

Pileus about 3 lines broad, seen to be covered with strigose
hairs under a lens, brown, becoming ochraceous- fawn colour.
(Fries.)

HEBELOMA. Fries, (figs. 16, 17, p. 3.)

Partial veil fibrillose, often absent. Cuticle of the pileus
continuous, not scaly nor fibrillose, smooth, more or less
viscid, margin of pileus incurved at first ; stem central, its
flesh continuous with that of the pileus, fibrous, apex some-
what mealy ; gills sinuate, adnexed, margin usually paler
than the rest ; spores dingy tan-colour.

Hebelama, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 249 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 161.

The present genus is closely allied to Inocybe, differing
more especially in the cuticle being continuous and more or
less viscid, and not becoming torn into scales or longitudinal
fibrils.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

* INDUSIATI.

Veil evident, often making the margin of the pileus
superficially silky.

170 FUNGUS-FLORA.

** DENUDATI.
Pileus glabrous, veil absent from the first.

*** PUSILLI.
Pileus scarcely an inch broad.

* INDUSIATI.

Hebeloma musivum. Fr.

Pileus 2-5 in. across, convexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, at
length squamulose, margin often wavy, altogether yellow or
the disc darker ; flesh thick, yellow ; gills emarginate,
rather crowded, dry, 3—4 lines broad, pale yellow then
ferruginous ; stem 4-5 in. long, 1 in. thick, equal or ventri-
cose, solid or sometimes hollow above, entirely fibrillose,.
apex pruinose, pale yellow; veil fibrillose, evanescent;
spores elliptical, 12 x 6 p..

Agaricus (Hebeloma) musivus, Fries, Epicr., i. p. 178 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 161 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 405.

Cortinarius sulphureus, Lindgr., Bot. Not., 1845.

In pine woods.

Odour faint. Differs widely from all other species of the
genus in its bright colours, which suggest Flammula or Cor-
tinarius ; it is retained here on account of the emarginate,
glabrous (not powdery) gills ; wavy pileus, and pruinose or
mealy apex of the stem.

Hebeloma sinuosum. Fr.

Pileus 3-6 in. across, fleshy, deformed, convex then ex-
panded, obtuse, even, glabrous, viscid when young, soon dry,
yellowish-red or pale brick-red, rarely tan-colour, the ex-
tremes inflexed, crenulato-striate margin exceeding the gills ;
gills sligh.tly adnexed, broadly emarginate and appearing free
and distant, but connected with the stem by a slender tooth,
3-6 lines broad, dry, crowded, often wavy, margin quite
entire, dirty-white at first then becoming ferruginous; stem
stout, hollow, 4—6 in. long, 1— 1?V in. thick, equal, fibrillosely
striate, apex at first flocculosely squamulose, white.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) sinuosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 178; Fries.,
Monogr., i. p. 323.

HEBELOMA. 171

In woods.

Usually large, compact when young, very soft when old,
smell weak, pleasant. A small form also occurs with the
stem not more than 2 in. long. (Fries.)

Hebeloma fastibile. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then plane, obtuse, somewhat
wavy, glabrous, viscid, pale yellow-tan, becoming paler ;
gills emarginate, rather distant, 2-3 lines broad, pale then
cinnamon, edge whitish, distilling drops in rainy weather;
stem 2-3 in. long, up to | in. thick, solid, wholly fibrous,
slightly bulbous, white, fibroso-squamulose ; veil distinct,
white, sometimes forming a ring; spores elliptical, 10 x 6 p.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) fastibilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 178 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 161 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 406.

In woods.

Smell and taste strong ; something like radishes ; bitterish.
Gregarious or somewhat caespitose. Allied to H. crustu-
liniforme, but distinguished by the more distant gills and
the presence of an evident veil. Pileus yellowish, pale tan,
whitish, &c. Margin sometimes sulcate or plicate.

Far. elegans. Pileus purple-brown.

Hebeloma senescens. Batsch.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, convex, almost plane when old,
slightly viscid, ochraceous flesh-colour with a tinge of rust-
colour, rusty-yellow when old, the margin crisped and hoary ;
flesh thick, white; gills adnexed, rather crowded, 3 lines
broad, pallid then dusky-ferruginous ; stem 3-4 in. long, up
to £ in. thick at the base, thinner upwards, lower portion
brown with paler, transversely arranged squamules, apex
persistently whitish, solid, or imperfectly hollow with age,
flesh white ; spores elliptical, 10 x 6 //,.

Agaricus senescens, Batsch, Elench., f. 197 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 255 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 407.

In pine woods.

Hebeloma glutinosum. Lindgr. (figs. 16, 17, p. 3.)

Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then plane, obtuse, regular,

covered with a tough, glutinous film, yellowish-white,

sprinkled with white, superficial squamules; flesh whitish

172 FUNGUS-FLORA.

then pale yellow; gills adnexed, sinuate, with a slightly
decurrent tooth, crowded, yellowish, becoming cinnamon-
tan ; stem about 3 in. long, 4 lines thick, somewhat incras-
sated at the base, firm, with whitish squamules and fibrils,
apex with white meal, cortinate, stuffed, becoming brown
inside; partial veil evident; spores elliptical, 10-12 x 5 /*.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) glutinosus, Lindgr., Bot. Not. 1845,
p. 199 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 161 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 430.

Amongst dead leaves, twigs, &c.

Smell peculiar, not unpleasant. Stem fleshy, stuffed, firm,
somewhat bulbous, 2-3 in. long, whitish, fibrillose, and
squamulose, base frequently strigose, at length tinged ferru-
ginous. Partial veil evident but fugacious. Pileus rather
fleshy, convex then plane, regular, obtuse, 2-3 in. across,
covered with tough, viscid gluten, and shiny when wet,
sprinkled with superficial seceding scales. Pileus variable
in colour, typically having the disc brick-red, the remainder
yellowish-white. Flesh whitish. Gills arcuately adnexed,
broad, crowded, pallid, then yellowish, at length tan-colour
and somewhat cinnamon. (Fries.)

Hebeloma testaceum. Batsch.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate then convex, becoming
flattened, regular, obtuse, even, rather viscid, pale brick-red
or ochraceous-tan ; gills attenuated behind, almost free,
lanceolate, crowded, narrow, at first ascending, pale then
ferruginous ; stem about 3 in. long, 3—4 lines thick, hollow,
somewhat bulbous, pallid, floccosely -fibrillose, apex mealy ;
spores elliptical, 10 X 5-6 p..

Agaricus testaceus, Batsch, f. 198 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 162 ;
Cke., Illustr., 408.

In woods.

Odour of radishes. Distinguished amongst the viscid
.species by the almost free, closely crowded, very thin,
narrow gills.

Hebeloma firmum. Pers.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, campanulate then expanded and
discoid, umbonate, even, smooth, viscid, brick-red, the broad
rimbo darker ; gills rounded behind, crowded, dry, 2-3 lines
broad, tan-colour then ferruginous, margin whitish, serrulate ;

HEBELOMA. 173

stem solid, firm, 2-3 in.| long, ^ in. thick, pnle, usually at-
tenuated and darker downwards, clothed everywhere with
white floccose scales; veil evident, white; spores elliptical,
10 x 5 p..

Agaricus firmus, Pers., Ic. Descr., t. 5. f. 3, 4 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 162 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 409.

On the ground in fir woods.

Odour weak. The gills do not exude drops of water,
hence the gills are not spotted, as in the case where the dark
spores are run into clusters by drops of water. Known by
the dark pileus and the white, serrate margin of the gills.

Hebeloma claviceps. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then expanded, disc gibbous,
fleshy, remainder very thin, even, naked, pallid, often rather
deeper ochre at the disc ; gills emarginate, crowded, H line
broad, dry, pallid then dingy ; stem about 2 in. long" 2-3
lines thick, stuffed, equal, everywhere covered with white
meal, brownish below ; veil white, evident ; spores elliptical,
10-11 X 5 p..

Agaricus (Hebeloma) claviceps, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 346 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 410 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 162.

In woods.

Quite distinct from H. firmum, P., with which it was at
one time joined, in the smaller size of every part, base of
the stem fuscous, paler gills, especially in the pileus being
at first convex then expanded and discoid, and not conical
then campanulate. (Fries.)

Hebeloma punctatum. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, convex, soon plane, disc
obtuse or gibbous, always darker in colour and papillose,
viscid, umber and depressed at the centre, remainder tan-
colour, pale when dry, superficially silky when dry in young
specimens ; gills narrowed behind and arcuately adnate,
slightly ventricose, crowded, narrow, not exceeding 1-2 lines
broad, flat, pallid, margin quite entire; stem 2-4 in. long,
2-5 lines thick, equal, generally flexuous, dry, pale, apex
with white meal, the remainder adpressedly silky from the
veil ; veil fugacious, never forming a ring.

Agaricus (Hebelomd) punctatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 179; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 162.

174 FUNGUS-FLORA.

In woods.

Gregarious. Smell very slight, not unpleasant.

Hebeloma versipelle. Fr.

Pileus about 3 in across, fleshy, convex, plane, discoid,
covered with a thick viscid gluten, the silkiness of the veil
adglutinated near the margin, then glabrous, reddish-tan
colour, pale tan and opaque when dry ; gills rounded behind,
crowded, 3-5 lines broad, whitish flesh-colour then tan ; stem
hollow, tough, whitish-silky, mealy at the apex.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) versipellis, Fries, Epicr., p. 179; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 163.

In grassy places, and amongst fir leaves.

Somewhat caespitose ; smell weak, not unpleasant.

Changes much with age. Young stage : — stem hollow,
tough, about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, distinctly
silky-white from the veil, and above the ring of the veil
mealy. Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, 1 in. and more
across, covered with a tough, glutinous pellicle, reddish-tan,
disc becoming pale, with adglutinated white silkiness near
the margin; or squamulose according to Lindgr. ; gills
rounded, crowded, thin, 3 lines broad, margin quite entire,
dry, almost white. Adult: — stem longer, not silky, but
longitudinally, fibrillosely striate, readily breaking up into
fibrils, at length, especially inside, brownish ; pileus fragile,
3 in. and more across, everywhere dingy tan, opaque, dry,
the pellicle having almost disappeared. Gills 4-5 lines
broad, crowded, pallid then cinnamon-tan. (Fries.)

Hebeloma mesophaeum. Fr.

Pileus 1-1 £ in. across, flesh thin, conical then expanded,
at length plane, disc darker and often depressed, viscid, even
and usually glabrous, rarely silky round the margin at first,
yellowish, or becoming pallid, disc somewhat bay-colour;
gills rounded or emarginate, crowded, thin, flat, dry, not
spotted, rusty-tan, the entire margin similarly coloured;
stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, equal, fibrillose,
Jvhitish then ferruginous, base brownish, apex mealy ; veil
evident but delicate and fugacious ; spores elliptical, smooth,
7-8 x 4-5 /*.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) mesopliaeus, Fries, Epicr., p. 179 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 163; Cke., Illustr., pi. 411.

HEBELOMA. 175

In pine woods.
Gregarious; variable.

Fa*, minor, Cke., Illustr., pi. 412; Cke., Hdbk., p. 163.
Smaller than the typical form.

Hebeloma subcollariatum. B. & Br.

Pileus about 1 in. across, convex, then more or less ex-
panded, rather fleshy, slightly glutinous, the floccose veil
soon disappearing, pale ochraceous-tan, centre darker; gills
very slightly rounded behind, broadly adnate, soon sepa-
rating from the stem and connected behind by a collar-like
structure, ventricose, 2-3 lines broad, pale tan-colour,
margin whitish; stem about 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, often
flexuose, pale, brownish towards the base, pulverulent,
stuffed then hollow; spores elliptical, 12-13 x 0 /A.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) subcollariatus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat.
Hist., n. 1942 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 163 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 506.

On naked soil.

* DENUDATI.

Hebeloma sinapizans. Fr.

Pileus 3-6 in. across, fleshy, compact, convex, then plane,
very obtuse, for the most part wavy, and often excentric,
even, glabrous, slightly viscid when moist, either every-
where tan-colour, or the disc yellowish ; flesh white ; gills
deeply emarginate, 3-5 lines broad, crowded, fragile, cinna-
mon-tan, alwaj-s dry and not spotted, never exuding drops of
water; stem stout, rigid, imperfectly solid, 3-5 in. long,
1 in. thick, equal or fusiformly rooting, white, fibrillosely
sttiate, apex with white squamules ; J spores elliptical,
12 x 7 /x.

Agaricus (HebelomaYsinapizans, Fries, Epicr., p. 180 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 163 ; Cke., lUustri, pi. 413.

In woods.

The largest species in the present genus, remarkably re-
sembling H. sinuostim, but sharply separated by the strong,
radishy smell, and the almost entire absence of a veiL
(Fries.)

176 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Hebeloma crustuliniforme. Bull.

Pileus about 2|-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, hyaline
when moist, convex then plane, obtuse or with a slight,
broad urnbo, wavy, even, glabrous, slightly viscid at first,
zoneless, pallid tan-colour, disc often yellowish or brick-red ;
gills adnexed, rounded behind, crowded narrow, thin,
white then tan-colour, at length bay, margin unequal,
exuding drops of water in damp weather, spotted when dry ;
stem 2 in. long, stuffed, then hollow, stout, somewhat
bulbous, white, naked, apex with minute white scales ; spores
elliptical, 11-12 x 6 p..

Agaricus crustuliniformis, Bulliard, Cke., Illustr., pi. 507 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 164.

In meadows, woods, &c.

Smell unpleasant, resembling radishes, but not so strong
as in some species. Veil almost absent. Size very variable,
stem never elongated as in H. datum.

Var. minor, Cke., Illustr., pi. 414.

Smaller than the type.

Hebeloma elatum. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick except at the margin,
which is very thin, convex then expanded, obtuse, even,
glabrous, rather viscid when moi&t, pale tan-colour, opaque
when dry ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, with a decurrent
tooth, crowded, 3 lines broad, dry, not spotted, nor exuding
drops of water, quite entire, pale cinnamon ; stem about 4 in.
long, 4 lines thick, equal and cylindrical, straight but com-
posed of fibrils spirally arranged, adpressedly fibrillose,
pallid-white, apex with white meal.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) elatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 181 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 164.

In pine woods amongst fallen leaves, &c.

Smell very strong, like radishes.

Hebeloma longicaudum. Pers.

Pileus 1^-2^- in. across, flesh rather thick, soft, watery,
convex then expanded, umbonate, at [length wavy, even,
glabrous, viscid, tan-colour, disc sometimes brownish ; gills
arcuate, adnexed, crowded, 3-6 lines broad, pale tan-colour
then cinnamon, margin serrulate ; stem 4—5 in. long, 4—5

HEBELOMA. 177

lines thick, equal or thickened at the base, indistinctly
fibrillose, white, apex mealy, base becoming tinged brown ;
spores elliptic-oblong, 10 x 5 p..

Agaricus longicaudus, Persoon, Syn., p. 332 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 164; Cke., lllustr., pi. 415.

In woods.

Smell weak, not unpleasant.

Far. radicatus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 164; Cke., lllustr.,
pi. 416.

Stem fusiform, rooting.

Judging from Cooke's figure of the present variety, it
closely resembles Flammula inopoda.

Among fir leaves.

Hebeloma lugens. Jungh.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then almost plane,
glabrous, slightly viscid, brown then yellowish ; gills almost
free, fragile, crowded, pallid then ferruginous, margin crenu-
late, darker; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, solid,
shining, fibrillosely striate, somewhat bulbous, apex with
white meal.

Agaricw lugens, Jungh., Linn., v. p. 399 ; Fries, Hym.
Eur., p. 241 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 164.

In woods.

Smell strong, but not like radishes.

Hebeloma truncatum. Schaeff.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then ex-
panded, very obtuse, wavy and very irregular, even, glabrous
or slightly superficially silky near the margin, scarcely
viscid, somewhat rufous, the margin, which is at first in-
curved, paler; gills emarginate, almost free, narrowest
behind, crowded, 2-3 lines broad, dry, not spotted, white,
soon pallid or with a flesh-coloured tinge, at length watery
ferruginous, margin quite entire and wavy ; stem solid,
robust, scarcely 1 in. long, 4-6 lines thick, about equal,
white, everywhere minutely pruinose under a lens; veil
none; spores pip-shaped, 12-13 x 6-7 p.

Agaricus truncaius, Schaeffer, t. 251; Cke., Hdbk., p. 164;
Cke., lllustr., pi. 417.

In woods.

VOL II. N

178 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Stem not truly fibrillose nor squamulose, in which it
differs from all other species. Smell almost none. The
pileus is sometimes paler, disc tan-colour, margin white, gills
crisped, branched and anastomosing. (Fries.)

Hebeloma nudipes. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh watery, thick at the disc, very
thin at the margin and exceeding the gills, convex then
expanded, obtuse, unequal, glabrous, viscid, tan-colour,
margin at first incurved, then expanded and ascending;
gills broadly emarginate, crowded, dry, not spotted, quite
entire, tan-colour; stem solid, entirely fibrillose, about 2i in.
long, 4-8 lines thick, equal, erect and straight or curved and
ascending, glabrous and quite naked upwards, white ; spores
elliptical, 12 X 6 p..

Agaricus (Hebeloma) nudipes, Fries, Epicr., p. 181 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 418; Cke., Hdbk., p. 165.

In woods.

Smell weak, not unpleasant, rather mealy.

Hebeloma nauseosum. Cooke.

Pileus 1-1 £ in. across, flesh thick at the centre, becoming
very thin at the margin, convex and gibbous, then more or
less expanded, even, smooth, viscid, ochrey-white ; gills
deeply sinuate, adnexed, very broad, ventricose, rather
distant, pallid then tan-colour, at length ferruginous ; stem
1^-2 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal or slightly attenuated
below, whitish, mealy above, faintly striate downwards, and
in decay turning black at the base, solid ; spores elliptical,
ends rather acute, 20 X 10 /x.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) nauseosus, Cke., Grevillea, xvi. p. 43 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 963.

On the ground in mixed woods.

The odour is very strong and abominable, especially after
having been kept in a box for a night. (Cooke.)

More slender than H. nudipes, its nearest ally, in the
broad gills and foetid smell. Smaller and more slender than
H. fastibile, and without a trace of a veil. H. crustulini-
forme differs from the present species in the flocculose stem.

Hebeloma capnocephalum. Bull.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, very thin at

HEBELOMA. 179

the margin, obtuse, even, smooth, dingy yellowish, margin
at length becoming blackish; gills emarginate, broad,
scarcely crowded, ferruginous ; stem 1-^-2 in. long, 3 lines
tbick at the apex, attenuated downwards, fibrillosely striate,
with reddish fibrils, becoming pale ; spores elliptical, 9 x 5 p..

Agarictts capniocephalus, Bulliard, Champ. Fr,, t. 547, fig. 2;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 165; Cke., lllustr., pi. 419.

On the ground.

Hebeloma ischnostylum. Cooke.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then expanded, broadly um-
bonate, slightly viscid, white or a little pallid at the disc,
margin thin ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, slightly serrate
at the margin, whitish then dingy tan-colour ; stem about
2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal or a little thickened at the
base, smooth, naked, whitibh ; spores elliptical, 12 x 7 //,.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) isclmostylus, Cke., Grevillea, xii. p. 98 ;
Cke., lllustr., pi. 420.

On the ground among grass.

Inodorous, or with a faint odour of Spiraea. Somewhat
resembling H. nudipes in general appearance and structure,
but distiuguished by the whitish pileus,

*** PUSILLI.

Hebeloma magnimamma. Fr.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin, with
a large projecting umbo, convex then plane, naked, brick-
red, becoming pale; gills obtusely adnate, crowded, pallid
then ferruginous; stem 1-1^ in. long, 1^- line thick, equal,
glabrous, naked, pallid-yellowish, imperfectly hollow.

Agaricus (Hebeloma^ magnimamma, Fries, Mon., ii. p. 299 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 165; Cke., lllustr., pi. 508A.

Among grass.

Veil absent, hence the pileus has no trace of superficial
ailkiness.

Hebeloma petiginosum. Fr.

Pileus about J in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin,
conico-convex then expanded, dry, the gibbous disc brown.

» 2

180 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

remainder becoming yellowish, silkily-hoary ; gills free,
ventricose ; yellow then olive-bay ; stem 1^ in. long, 1^ line
thick, rather tough, with a reddish tinge, powdery, stuffed
then hollow, sometimes rather wavy; spores elliptical,
10 X 5 /*.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) petiginosus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 259 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 166; Cke., Illustr., pi. 508 B.

On the ground in beech woods, &c.

INOCYBE. Fries, (figs. 11-14, p. 3.)

Universal veil fibrillose, concrete with the cuticle of the
pileus, which is either squamulose or fibrillose ; stem central,
its substance continuous with the flesh of the pileus, often
squamulose or peronate ; gills usually sinuate, rarely adnate
or decurrent, not becoming powdery ; spores often angular.

Inocybe, Fries (as a subgenus of Agaricus), Syst. Myc., i.
p, 254; Cke., Hdbk., p. 149.

The leading characteristics of the present genus are :
fibrillose or squamulose pileus, and more or less sinuate or
rounded gills not becoming powdered with the spores at
maturity ; spores dingy pale tan, often angular but some-
times smooth and elliptical. The species are mostly small,
dry, and fibrous, although in a few species the pileus
eventually becomes smooth and viscid, thus leading to
Hebeloma, its nearest ally.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

* SQUARROSI.

•" Pileus squarrose (covered with scales spreading in every
direction) ; stem scaly, coloured like the pileus.

** LACERI.

Pileus scaly or torn into fibrils (not cracked longitudi-
nally) ; stem coloured, paler than the pileus, fibrillose.

INOCYBE. 181

*** KlMOSI.

Pileus longitudinally fibrillose and soon cracking in the
same direction, sometimes adpressedly squamulose; stem
fibrillose, slightly tinged with the colour of the pileus.

**** VELUTINI.

Pileus not longitudinally cracked, cuticle interwoven,
fibrillose, becoming smooth and adpressedly squamose, disc
even ; stem polished, smooth, becoming whitish, apex mealy.

***** VISCIDI.
Pileus becoming smooth, viscid.

* SQUAEBOSI.

Inocybe hystrix. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, flesh firm but not compact,
white, convex then expanded, obtuse or slightly gibbous,
orbicular, mouse-colour, with revolute and squarrose, floccose
scales, fibrillose towards the margin ; gills adnate, crowded,
narrow, white then brownish ; stem solid, firm, 2-3 in. long,
3 lines and more thick, equal or for the most part attenuated
at the base, somewhat fusiform, brownish mouse-colour,
covered with crowded, revolute squarrose squamules up to
the acutely limited zone formed by the veil, pale and smooth
above the ring; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 x 5.

Agaricus (Inocybe) Jiystrix, Fries, Epicr., p. 171 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 149 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 424.

In beech woods, &c.

Having much the appearance of a small, solitary specimen
of Pholiota squarrosa, but the colours are very different.

Inocybe relicina. Fr.

Pileus 1-1 1 in. across, flesh thin, conical then expanded,
obtuse, smoke-colour, with squarrose tomentose scales ; gills
adnexed, crowded, yellow then olive ; stem about 2 in. long,
2-3 lines thick, solid, soft, equal, floccosely scaly.

182 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Agaricus (Inocybe) relicinus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 256 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 150.

In marshy fir woods, amongst sphagnum, &c.

Distinguished from all other species by the gills being
first yellow then olive.

Stem solid, soft, 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, floccosely
scaly (not squarrose), fibrillose, smoky, apex paler ; pileus
fleshy, thin, conical then expanded, obtuse, |- in. broad when
young, everywhere covered with squarrose, fasciculate-
tomentose scales, smoke-colour. Gills adnexed, crowded, at
first ascending, yellow then olive. Odour scarcely evident.
(Fries.)

Inocybe calamistrata. Fr.

Pileus 1—2^ in. across, flesh thin, campanulate, obtuse,
margin incurved at first, often wavy, at length almost plane,
everywhere brown and with squarrose scales ; gills adnexed,
separating from the stem, crowded, broad, white then ferru-
ginous, edge distinctly serrulate and whitish; stem solid,
rigid, tough, 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, rather rooting,
fuscous, dark blue at the base, everywhere covered with
rigid, recurved scales; spores somewhat reniform, smooth,
10-11 X 5 yu.

Agaricus (Inocybe) calamistratus, Fries, Epicr., p. 171 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 150; Cke., Hdbk., p. 106.

In pine woods.

Smell strong. Brown or umber, base of stem dark blue,
gills becoming ferruginous, and flesh tinged red, stamp the
present species amongst its allies.

Inocybe hirsuta. Lasch.

Pileus |-1 in. across, flesh thin, conico-campanulate,
umbonate, brown, covered with squarrose, fasciculate pilose
scales, becoming ochraceous, fibrillose towards the finxbriate
margin ; gills adnexed. ascending, crowded, thin, narrow,
pallid then brownish, margin white, minutely toothed ; stem
solid, slender, tough, 2-3 in. long, about 1 line thick, fibril-
lose, floccosely scaly (not squarrose) at the apex, base slightly
thickened, dark green.

Agaricus (Inocybe) hirsutus, Lasch, No. 577 ; Fries, Epicr.,
p. 171 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 150.

INOCYBE. 183

Damp places in woods, pastures, &c.

Distinguished from its allies by the green base of the stem,
and by the gills becoming fuscous. (Fries.)
The disc of the pileus is sometimes greenish.

Inocybe lanuginosa. Bull.

Pileus J-f in. across, flesh rather thick, hemispherical then
expanded^ obtuse, minutely floccosely scaly, the scales of the
disc erect and squarrose, umber then yellowish ; gills
narrowed behind, slightly adnexed, separating from the stem,
more or less ventricose, thin, about 1 line broad, margin
slightly toothed, pallid ; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick,
fibrillosely scaly, apex powdered with white meal, solid,
paler than the pileus ; spores elliptic-fusiform, smooth,
8x4,*.

Agaricus lanuginosus, Bulliard, t. 370 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 150 ;
Cke., niustr., pi. 582A.

Agaricus flocculentus, Cke., Hdbk., Ed. i. No. 317.

On the ground.

Pileus umber, becoming yellowish ; smell weak.

Inocybe dulcamara. A. & S.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then convex,
at length expanded, umbonate, fuscous-olive, floccosely scaly,
silky towards the margin ; gills arcuato-adnexed, ventricose,
crowded, pallid then olive; stem imperfectly hollow, fibril-
lose from the cortina or partial veil, adpressedly scaly, paler
than the pileus, apex mealy ; spores elliptical, smooth, 8-10
X 5 p..

Agaricus (Inocybe') dulcamarus, Alb. & Schw., n. 489;
Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 288 ; Cke., Hdbk.,jp. 151 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 582B.

In pine woods, &c. Gregarious, small, olive-fuscous, flesh
yellowish- white. In early specimens the scales of the pileus
are squarrose ; in autumnal forms adpressed.

Inocybe plumosa. Bolton.

Pileus 1-1 £ in. across, convex then expanded, disc squarrose
with erect fasciculate fibrils, margin fibrillose, mouse-brown ;
gills slightly rounded behind, adnexed, scarcely crowded,
rather ventrioose, smoky -white, margin entire; stem

184: FUNGUS-FLOKA.

in. long, 1J line thick, flexuous, floccosely scaly, coloured
like the stem, apex naked (not mealy or pminose), stuffed
then hollow.

Agaricua plumosus, Bolton, t. 33 ; Cke., Hdbk. p. 151 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 425A.

In damp pine woods, &c. Pileus thickly covered with
little, erect, downy tufts; not yellowish nor tinged red
inside.

Inocybe cincinnata. Fr.

Pileus ^—1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, com-
monly indistinctly umbonate, villosely scaly, brown ; gills
adnexed, attenuated behind, separating from the stem,
ventricose, crowded, violet-brown ; stem solid, tough, about
1^ in. long, 1-1^ line thick, equal, straight, fibrillosely scaly,
brownish-violet, spores irregular, nodulose, 7-8 p diam.

Agaricus (Inocybe} cincinnatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 172; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 151 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 425s.

In woods, &c.

Inodorous. Slender, subgregarious. Distinguished from
every other species by the brownish-violet gills. (Fries.)

Inocybe haemacta. Berk. & Cke.

Pileus about 1 in. across, fleshy, compact, campanulate,
obtuse, floccosely fibrillose with dark fibrils, the disc rather
scaly and darker ; gills slightly rounded behind and adnate,
pallid then dingy tan-colour ; stem about 2 in. long, 3—4
lines thick, smooth, scarcely fibrillose, whitish above, tinged
with verdegris green at the base, nearly equal, solid ; spores
elliptical, smooth, 8 x 4-5 /A; flesh everywhere turning
blood-red when touched or wounded.

Agaricus (Inocybe) haemactus, Berk. & Cke., Grev., xi. p. 70-;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 390.

On lawns, &c.

Pileus about an inch broad, umber, margin pallid, clad
with long, darker fibrils, the obtuse disc darkest, and some-
what scaly ; stem nearly 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, aerugi-
nous at the base, the colour penetrating through the flesh.
Everywhere slowly changing to blood-red when wounded.
In some respects agreeing with J. calamistrata, but not
equarrose. (Berk. & Cooke.)

IXOCYBE. 185

** LACEBI.

Inocybe pyriodora. Pers.

Pileus 2-3 across, disc fleshy, the remainder thin, ovata
then canipanulate, obtuse, disc very scaly, the rest everywhere
torn into fibrils, smoky or ochraceo-pallid, reddish when
young ; margin often incurved and wavy ; flesh becoming
reddish ; gills at first adnate, then somewhat emarginate,
crowded, thin, linear, often crisped, at first whitish then
brownish, margin whitish ; stem 3-6 in. long, ^-1 in. thick,,
almost equal, or attenuated at the base, often curved, ex-
ternally very fibrillose, pallid, apex powdered with white-
meal, solid, internally fibrous and soft, reddish ; fragile ;
spores pip-shaped, smooth, 10 X 6 p..

Agaricus (Inocybe) pyriodorus, Pers., Syn., p. 300 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 152 ; Cke., Jllustr., pi. 472.

In woods.

Smell pleasant, resembling pears or violets, Pileus fuscous,
then pallid ochraceous, fiesh with a red tinge. (Fries.)

Pileus 1^—3 in. broad, broadly and strongly umbonate, the
margin at length a little turned up, fibrilloso-squamulose ;
fleshy, pallid umber. Gills aduexed, ventricose, pale. Stem
2—3 in. high, 4 lines thick (solid in niy specimens and in
Bulliard's figure), fibrillose, white, when bruised somewhat
of the same hue as the pileus. Veil very fugacious. Odour
penetrating, like that of rotten pears or Huacinthus racemosusi.
(Berk.)

Inocybe incarnata. Bres.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex, campanu-
lated, then expanded and gibbous or broadly umbonate,
fibrillose then squamulose, margin fimbriate, yellowish then
rufescent or tinged with flesh-colour ; stem solid, about 2 in.
long, 4-5 lines thick, attenuated and somewhat rooting at
the base, rather fibrillose, Tosy flesh-colour, white and mealy
at the apex ; flesh of the pileus white, becoming deep red
when broken ; gills sinuate, adnexed, crowded, broad, rather
fringed at the margin ; whitish then greyish-cinnamon, at
length spotted with red, or wholly rufescent ; spores elliptic-
ovate, 10 X G /A.

186 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Agaricus (Inocybe) incarnatus, Bresadola, Fung. Trident., t.
53; Cke., Illustr., pi. 473.

Jn woods.

Smell resembling pears, strong and persistent. Stem more
robust than in /. pyriodora, which the present species
resembles in habit and smell.

Inocybe scaber. Fr. (figs. 11-13, p. 3.)

Pileus 1—1 ir in across, flesh rather thick, firm, white, not
tinged with red, conico-convex, obsoletely gibbous, smoky or
pallid-tan, variegated with spot-like, fibrous, adpressed,
brownish scales; gills slightly adnexed, thin, crowded,
whitish then smoky ; stem solid, firm, 1 J in. long, 3-5 lines
thick, equal, white, silky-fibrillose ; spores elliptical, smooth,
11X5 /*.

Agaricus (Inocybe) scaber, Fries, Epicr., p. 172 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 152; Cke., Illustr., pi. 391.

In woods.

Stature short, resembling I. sambucina, the last named
differs, however, in the white, smooth pileus. More robust
than allied species.

Far. firma. Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 229. Pileus fuscous-
tan, spotted with fuscous scales ; stem velvety.

Pileus -|— 1 in. broad, campanulate, subumbonate, dingy
greyish-brown, scaly. Gills pale dingy-brown, rather
numerous, nearly free, stem 1-1^ in. high, 2-3 lines thick,
solid, whitish, fibrillose, furnished with a bark-like external
coat, sometimes subgregarious. (Grrev.)

Inocybe maritima. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, fleshy, rather soft, convex then
expanded, obtusely umbonate, fibrillose, more or less ad-
pressedly scaly, brown or mouse-colour, hygrophanous, hoary
.when dry ; flesh greyish-brown ; gills rounded behind,
adnexed, partly separating from the stem with age, ventri-
cose, brownish-grey then ferruginous; stem solid, about
1 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, fibrillose, at first cortinate,
a little paler than the pileus, apex not pulverulent ; spores
irregular, nodulose, 9—10 p. diam.

.Agaricus (Inocybe~) maritimus, Fries, Epicr., p. 172; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 152 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 392,

INOCYBE. 187

Amongst damp sand on the sea shore, also in woods.

Every part almost the same colour; distinguished from
the remainder by the hygrophanous pileus. Smell weak.
(Fries.)

Inocybe violacea-fusca. Cke. & Mass.

Subcaespitose. Pileus 1-2 in. across, more or less convex
then expanded, obtusely umbona'te, flocculose, fibrillose,
concentrically scaly, dry, umber, margin thin, torn and
fimbriate ; flesh thin ; gills adnexed, rounded behind, or
slightly sinuate, 2 lines and more broad, scarcely crowded,
•violet then umber, margin paler, serrulate; stem 2-2£ in.
long, ^ in. thick, equal, smooth and silky, violet above both
outside and inside, pallid below, solid, flesh pallid when old ;
spores elliptical, smooth, 7-8 X 4 p..

Agaricus (Inocybe) violaceo-fuscus, Cke. & Massee, Grevillea,
xvii., p. 52; Cke., lllustr., pi. 1174.

Among grass in open places.

Distinguished by the violet colour of the gills and apex of
the stem. There is often a tinge of violet in the pileus, and
the scales darker than the ground-colour.

Inocybe lacera. Fr.

Pileus 1-1 i in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, convex
then expanded, obtusely umbonate, fibrillosely scaly, mouse-
colour, becoming pale and yellowish ; gills adnexed, 2 lines
broad, ventricose, pale rufous then mouse-colour ; stem about
I.1, in. long, 1^ line thick, apex naked, stuffed, paler than the
pileus, reddish inside ; spores obliquely elliptical, smooth,
12x6 p.

Agaricus (Inocybe) lacerus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 257 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 153; Cke., lllustr., pi. 583.

In woods, &c.

Very variable, but the stem never mealy at the apex,
11-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, pileus almost smooth at first,
soon scaly, at length squarrose, mouse-colour, becoming pale
and yellowish ; smell slight. (Fries.)

Distinguished from I. scdbra and Z. mutica by the inside of
the btem becoming reddish.

Inocybe fasciata. Cke. & Mass.
Caespitoso. Pileus 2-3 in. across, carnpanulate-convex,

188 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

silky and covered with minute dark, squarrose scales, disc
rufous, remainder pale tan-colour ; gills adnexed, rounded or
sinuate behind, attenuated in front; crowded, 1|— 2 lines
broad, thin, soft, pallid ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick,
equal or a little thinner downwards, fibrillose, reddish within
and without at the base, pallid above, solid, spores elliptical,
minutely rough, 10 x 6/*.

Agaricus (Inocybe) fasciatus, Cke. & Mass., Grevillea, xvii.,
p. 52; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1173.

On the ground among grass.

Densely caespitose, a character by which it is at once
distinguished among the species of Inocybe. Taste and smell
none.

Inocybe flocculosa. Berk.

Pileus |-1 in. across, flesh thin, subcampanulate, umbonate,
silky -squamulose, tawny-brown ; gills adnate, pale fawn-
colour then ferruginous, ventricose, 1-1 J line broad ; stem
about l£ in. long, 1— li line thick, fibrillose, pale reddish,
sqnamulosely pulverulent above, imperfectly hollow; spores
elliptical, smooth, 10 x 5-6 /*.

Agaricus (Jnocybe) flocculosus, Berk., Engl. Fl., vol. v. p. 97 ;
Cke., lllustr., pi. 393.

On naked soil, also among grass.

Odour like that of new meal, but nauseous. Among grass
the pileus is smoother, more tawny, rimoso-sericeous ; gills
not arcuate behind, but broadly adnate. (Berk.)

Inocybe Bongardii. Weinm.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate, obtuse, disc scaly, torn
into fibrils at the margin, but not cracked, fuscous when
moist, pallid when dry ; flesh thin, reddish ; gills adnexed,
ventricose, broad, a little crowded, pale red then cinnamon ;
stem solid, rigid, 2—4 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal or slightly
bulbous at the base, fibrillose, reddish-white, silky and red
below, apex with white meal ; veil absent ; spores elliptical,
smooth, 10-12 X 6 /i.

Agaricus (Inocybe) Bongardii, Weinm., p. 190; Cke^Hdbk.,
p. 153; Cke., Illustr., pi. 381.

In pine woods, &c.

Smell pleasant, exactly resembling pears. (Fries.)

Smell like Bergamot. (Weinm.)

INOCYBE. 189

Inocybe mutica. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then plane,
always very obtuse, at length more or less depressed at the
centre, somewhat scaly, dry, whitish, fibrils brownish ; gills
entirely adnate, thin, crowded, white then tinged brown;
stem, li-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, attenuated downwards,
fibrillose, pale straw-colour then tinged with brown, hollow ;
spores elliptical, smooth, 8 x 5 p..

Agaricus (Inocybe) muticus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 346 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 382 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 153.

In woods, by road-sides, &c.

/. lacera differs from the present in the slightly adnate
gills, and the mouse-coloured pileus, I. scabra differs in the
adnexed gills, and the stouter stem with a slight swelling at
the base.

Inocybe carpta. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then
expanded and often umbilicate or depressed, dingy brown,
covered with fibrillose, more or less squarrose squamules ;
gills slightly adnexed, 1| line broad, ventricose, brownish ;
stem 1-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, very slightly attenuated
downwards, with spreading fibrillose woolliness, paler than
the pileus, hollow ; spores, elliptical, even, 8-10 X 5 /A.

Agaricus (Inocybe) carptus, Fries, Epicr., p. 173; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 154; Cke., Illustr., pi. 426u; (not of Bresadola).

In woods.

Distinguished by the dark brown pileus and stem being
everywhere covered with more or less spreading fibrils.
There is a slenderer form; pileus | in. across, stem about
1 in. long, 1 line thick, wavy. Cke.", Illustr., pi. 42 GA.

Inocybe deglubens. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, white, convex then
expanded, obtusely umbonate, the cuticle becoming torn
into adpressed fibrils, disc somewhat scaly, rufous-bay, then
yellowish, scales darker; gills adnate, ventricose, rather
distant, dingy then cinnamon ; stem 2-2| in. long, 2 lines
thick, adpressedly fibrillose, pallid, apex with dark scurf-like
markings, equal, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 x 6 /*.

Agaricus (Inocybe) deglubens. Fries, Epicr., p. 173; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 394.

190 FUNG US-FLOE A.

On the ground in pine woods, &c.

The size of J. lacera, but quite distinct in the scurfiness or
minute points at apex of stem, which is not white. Pileus
bay with a rufous tinge, split up into darker fibrous scales.
(Fries.)

Inocybe obscura. Pers.

Pileus f-1 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then plane,
umbonate, radially fibrillose, disc scaly, blue then brownish ;
gills uncinately adnexed, crowded, ventricose, olive then
brownish, 1^ line broad ; stem 1—2 in. long, 1—2 lines thick,
stufied, fibrillose, violet then brownish ; spores elliptical,
smooth, 9-10 X 5-6 ^.

Agaricus (Inocybe) obscurus, Pers., Syn., p. 347 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 427 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 154.

In damp places in pine woods. &c.

Readily distinguished amongst its allies by the blue or
violet tinge on the pileus and stem.

Var. rufus, Pat. tab. Anal., n. 543 ; pileus brownish-rufous,
gills ventricose, violet ; spores elliptical, apiculate.

Inocybe echinata. Roth.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, campanulate then
expanded, obtuse, at first pulverulent then scaly, dry, dingy
brownish-yellow; gills almost or quite free, crowded, 1^—2
lines broad, deep pink or blood-red ; stem 1^—2 in. long,
2 lines thick nearly equal, floccosely pulverulent below the
imperfect, zone-like ring, red, hollow ; flesh, like that of the
pileus, red ; spores pale yellow with a red tinge, elliptical,
smooth, 5 X 3 /A.

Agaricus echinatus, Roth., Catal., ii. t. 9, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 154 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 395.

Agaricus Hookeri, Klotzsch, Engl. Flora, vol. v. p. 97.

Agaricus haematophyllus, Berk., Mag. Zool. & Bot., t. 15, f. 1.

On peat-beds in gardens and conservatories.

In all probability an introduced species, and, as the
synonyms show, has been repeatedly described, readily known
by the dingy scaly pileus, and the more or less intense red
gills, stem, and flesh.

Pileus 5-8 lines broad, fawn-coloured, centre umber.
Gills 1-1 £ lines broad, beautiful purple, at length cinnamon.

INOCYBE. 191

Veil floccoso-fibrillose, very fugacious, stem 1-1 J in. high, \ a
line thick, fistulose, shining purple, pruinose with fawn-
coloured meal. In a flower-pot. (Klotzsch.)

*** BIMOSI.

Inocybe schista. Cke. & Sm.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, carapanulate, broadly subumbonate,
flesh thin, equal, dingy like that of the stem, cracking
longitudinally, rather tibrillose, bay-brown; gills adnate
with a decurrent tooth, rather ventricose, 3 lines broad,
tawny-rufous at maturity, margin pale, serrate ; stem about
3 in. long, 5-6 lines thick, equal, twisted, paler than the
pileus, solid.

Agaricus (Inocybe) schistus, Cooke & Smith; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 154; Cke., Illustr., pi. 504.

On a lawn.

Distinguished by its large size, thick, twisted stem, and
broad gills as bright in colour as those of a Flammula. It is
a pity that the colour of the spores was not noted, as the
colour of the gills suggests other than the genus Inocybe,
although the longitudinally fibrillose cracking pileus agrees
with the present genus.

Inocybe fibrosa. Sow.

Pileus about 4 in. across, flesh very thick at the disc, and
2-3 lines thick nearly up to the margin, white, somewhat
campanulate with a broad, obtuse umbo, silky, even, at length
cracked, margin wavy, cracked, pale, yellowish-brown ; gills
free, crowded, 3-4 lines broad, narrower behind, very pale
dingy ochre, margin uneven ; spores elliptical, minutely
warted or rough, 12-14 x 6 /x; stem 4-5 in. long, 1 in. thick
at the base, attenuated upwards, striate, flocculosely scaly
above, pale, solid.

Agaricus fibrosus, Sowerby, Fungi, t. 414; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 155; Cke., Illustr., t. 454 (after Sowerby).

In fir woods.

The figure in " Illustrations " is reproduced from Sowerby's
original drawing, which is somewhat different in colouring
from his published plate. (Cooke.)

192 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Our largest species of Inocybe, Inol perlata, which approaches
the present species in size, differs in the darker pileus and
smooth spores.

Inocybe phaeocephala. Bull. ?

Pileus 1—2 in. across, subcampauulate, rarely flattened and
iirnbonate, fuliginous, becoming brownish, smooth ; gills
free, semilunate, very broad, yellowish bistre colour; stem
2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal except the swollen base,
naked, straight, grey with brownish lines, white at the base,
isolid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 6 x 4 p,.

Agaricus (Inocybe) phaeocephalus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 155 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 396.

Agaricus phaeocephalus, Bulliard, Champ. Fr., t. 555, f. 1.

On the ground in pine woods.

Pileus 2-4 in. broad ; stem 3-5 in. high, 4-7 lines thick.
The spores are bright ferruginous red. (Cooke.)

There appears to be a considerable difference of opinion as
to what Bulliard's figure really is, the above description
represents Dr. Cooke's view, the description being drawn up
from specimens found in pine woods in Scotland.

Inocybe fastigiata. Schaeff.

Pileus l|-2 in. across, 1 in. high, fleshy at the disc, conical
then campanulate, margin incurved when young, then
wavy, but sometimes regular, acute, longitudinally fibrillose
and cracked, rarely adpressedly squamulose, yellow-brown,
sometimes brownish; gills free, ventricose, crowded, rather
thick, 2 lines or more broad, yellow then olivaceous; stem
3-4 in. long, up to | in. thick, equal or slightly attenuated
at both ends, silkily fibrous or flocculose, apex almost naked,
pallid, solid, flesh fibrous, not rigid ; spores subglobose,
•distinctly nodulose, 8-10 x 6—8 (a; cystidia numerous, large.

Agaricus fastigiatus, Schaeff., t. 26 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 383
{spores wrong shape) ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 155.

Among grass, &c.

Somewhat resembling I. pyriodora in size and appearance,
the latter, however, is at once known by the smooth, pip-
ehaped spores, and the flesh becoming reddish when broken.

Inocybe hiulca. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh very thin except at the fleshy,

INOCYBE. 193

prominent umbo, at first conical then expanded, everywhere
adpressedly squamulose or fibrillose, cracked, brownish then
with an olive tinge ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal
or the extreme base slightly bulbous, rather firm, adpressedly
fibrillose, apex squamulosely mealy, pallid, but becoming
reddish when bruised, white then reddish inside, stuffed;
gills almost free, with a slender decurrent line on the stem,
soon ventricose behind, 2 lines broad, thick, rather distant
and rigid, whitish flesh-colour, darker at the base, olive when
adult ; spores elliptical, smooth, 8-10 x 5 /*..

Agaricus (Inocybe) hiulcus, Fries, Epicr., p. 175 ; Cke.,
Hdbk.,p. 155; Cke., lllustr., pi. 397.

On the ground, in pine woods, &c.

Smell obsolete ; stem somewhat curved, equal, base slightly
bulbous ; pileus fuscous, then tinged olive. (Fries.)

Inocybe Curreyi. Berk.

Pileus 1^-2 in. across, convex then expanded, obtuse, longi-
tudinally fibrillose, slightly squamulose at the disc only,
slightly cracked, pale yellowish-brown; flesh very thin;
gills quite free, 2 lines or more broad, yellowish then with
an olive tinge; stem 2-3 in. long, 3 lines thick, slightly
attenuated upwards, minutely fibrillose, colour of the pileus,
or a little paler, solid, flesh dingy ; spores elliptical, smooth,
11 X 6/t.

Agaricus (Inocybe} Curreyi, Berk., Outl., p. 155 ; Cke.,
lllustr., pi. 398.

In woods, &c.

Distinguished from I. pyriodora by the absence of smell;
from I. Jastigiata by the (smooth spores ; and ^from /. rimosa-
by the stem not being mealy at the apex, and by the
squamules at the disc.

Inocybe perlata. Cooke.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, convex then expanded, broadly um-
bonate, longitudinally fibrous, with darker fibrils, fuscous,
margin paler, incurved, disc dark bistre, nearly black; flesh
whitish, thick at the disc, remainder equal up to the margin,
about 1 line thick ; gills adnexed, rounded behind, 3 lines
broad, pallid then pale umber ; stem 3-4 lines long, £-£ in.
thick, straight or curved, sometimes twisted, striate, pallid

VOL. II. 0

194 FUNGUS-FLOE A.

and mealy above, dark below when old, solid, flesh dirty-
white ; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 8-9 X 6 p..

Agaricus (Inocybe') perlatus, Cooke, Grev., xv. p. 40 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 961.

Under trees.

Kecognised amongst our species of Inocybe by its large
size ; differs from I. fibrosa by the dark pileus and base of
stem, and from I. schistus by the flesh of the pileus not
cracking longitudinally, and the dingy umber gills.

Inocybe rimosa. Bull.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, white, campanulate with
an indication of an umbo, silky-fibrous, the cuticle splitting
longitudinally, yellowish-brown; gills almost free, rather
crowded, somewhat ventricose, pale dingy tan-colour ; stem
2-3 in. long, equal, not incrassated at the base, firm, nearly
smooth, whitish, mealy above, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth,
10-11 X 5 /*.

Agaricus rimosus, Bull., Champ., t. 388; Cke., Hdbk., p.
156 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 384.

On the ground in woods, &c.

Most closely allied to I. asterospora, with which it was
at one time confounded, but differs in the smooth elliptical
spores. I. euiheles differs in the distinct umbo, adnate gills,
and in growing under firs. I. pyriodorus is distinguished by
being altogether stouter, and in the strong pear-like smell.

Inocybe asterospora. Quel. (fig. 14, p. 3.)

Pileus 1-2 in. across, campanulate, somewhat umbonate,
silkily fibrous and the cuticle cracked longitudinally, dry,
yellowish-brown or sometimes almost umber, especially at
the disc ; flesh thin, whitish ; gills almost free, rather
close, 2 lines broad, ventricose, dingy tan ; stem 2-3 in. long,
about 3 lines thick, equal, slightly subbulbous at the base,
pallid, often with a pinkish tinge, solid ; spores subglobose,
coarsely warted, 10-11 p. diameter.

Agaricus (Inocybe) asterosporus, Quelet, Bull. Soc. Bot.
France, xxvi. p. 50; Cke., Hdbk., p. 156; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 385.

On the ground in woods.

Closely resembling I. rimosa, with which it was confounded

INOCYBE. 195

so long as that species was defined by superficial characters,
but readily known by the globose, coarsely warted, or star-
like spores ; the swollen base of the stem is also characteristic.

Inocybe eutheles. B. & Br.

Pilous 1-2 in. across, campanulate then expanded and un-
dulate, unibo prominent, shining, silky, rather squamulose,
fawn-coloured; gills broadly adnate... about 1 line broad,
pallid, margin whitish, minutely toothed; stem 2-3 in. long,
2 lines thick, equal, very slightly swoollen at the very base,
striate, fibrous, pallid, solid; spores elliptical, smooth, 10—
11 x 5ft.

Agaricus (Inocybe) eutheles, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat.
Hist., 1865, pi. viii. fig. 2 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 386.

On the ground among fir leaves, &c.

Smell of meal. Superficially resembling several other
species of Inocybe, from which it is distinguished by the
following combined features : — prominent umbo, broadly
adnate narrow gills, and smooth, elliptical spores.

Smell farinaceous, rather disagreeable ; spores even, sub-
elliptic, '00029 in. long. It differs from A.fastigiatus in the
adnate gills, smooth, not rough spores; and from A. Curreyi,
with which it agrees as to the spores, in its strongly um-
bonate pileus, nearly equal stem, and adnate gills. (B. & Br.)

Inocybe margaritispora. Berk.

Pileus H-2 in. across, campanulate then expanded, un-
dulating, "Broadly umbonate, silky, clad with adpressed
fibrillose scales, fawn-colour ; gills adnexed, about 2 lines
broad, pallid; stem 3-4 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal, fibril-
lose, pallid, solid; spores subglobose; coarsely wartred
8 /j. diam.

Agaricm (Inocybe) margaritispora, Berk., MS. ; Cooke, Hdbk.,
p. 157 ; Cooke, Illustr., pi. 505.

On the ground.

Resembling I. eutheles, but usually rather larger, differing
principally in the warted subglobose spores. (Cooke.)

In Cooke's figures the pileus is pale yellow-brown. RP-
sembling I. asterospora in the spores, but differing in tho
longer stem and squamulose pileus.

o 2

196 FUNGUS-FLOBA.

Tnocybe destricta. Fr.

Pileus 1|-2| in. across, flesh thin, white; campanulato-
convex then expanded, umbonate, at length depressed
round Ihe brownish umbo, cracked, fibrillose, then torn into
t-quamules, pallid then rufescent ; gills uncinately adnate,
crowded, thin, 2 lines broad, white then greyish-cinnamon ;
stem solid, soft, about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, almost
equal, glabrous, fibrillosely striate, white with a red tinge*
apex slightly mealy ; spores elliptical, smooth, 8 x 4 p..

Agaricus (Inocybe) destrictus, Fries, Epicr., p. 172; Cooke,,
Hdbk., p. 157 ; Cooke, Illustr., pi. 387.

In pine woods, &c.

Smell unpleasant. Distinguished from I. rimosa by the
adnexed gills and the stem becoming reddish with age.
I. asterospora is known from the present species by the nodu-
lose, irregular spores.

Inocybe perbrevis. Weinm.

Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, convex, obtusely
umbonate, then expanded and often depressed round the
itmbo, fibrosely squamulose or silky, rufous-brown then
paler and yellowish, margin somewhat striate and at length
>- plitting ; gills adnexed with a slight decurrent tooth, rather
distant, 1^ line broad, brownish-white then tan-colour; stem
not more than 1 in. long, 2 lines thick at the apex, slightly
attenuated towards the base, pallid, whitish fibrillose,
stuffed ; spores elliptical, smooth, 10-12 x 5 /x.

Agaricus perbrevis, Weinm, p. 185; Cooke, Illustr., pi. 519;
Cooke. Hdbk., p. 157.

In woods.

Small, but rather firm, reddish-brown then becoming
yellowish ; stem paler, apex meah', attenuated downwards.
.Resembling in habit and colour some of the small species of
Lactarius.

Inocybe descissa. Fr.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh thin except at the disc,
conical then campanulatus, fibrillose, becoming radiately
cracked and splitting when expanded, whitish or pallid
yellow-brown, margin often striate ; gills almost free,
crowded, thin, pallid then brownish ; stem 1-1^ in. long,

INOCYBE. 197

about 2 lines thick, equal, undulate, rather fibrillose, apex
with white powder, whito both outside and inside ; spores
•elliptical, smooth, 8 X 4-5 /*.

Agaricus (Inocybe) descissus, Fries, Epicr., p. 174; Cooke,
Ildb'k., p. 157.

In woods.

Slenderer than J. geophylla, which the present species
somewhat resembles ; stem white outside and inside ; pilous
brownish-white, margin often striate. (Fries.)

Far. auricomus, Batsch. Smaller and more slender than
the typical form, margin striate, becoming yellowish ; stem
hollow; gills adnexed, ventricose, brownish-white.

In woods, &c.

.Requires to be carefully distinguished from yellowish
forms of I. geophylla. Pileus cracked. (Fries.)

Inocybe Trinii. Weinm.

Pileus |-§- in. across, flesh very thin except, at the disc,
hemispherical, obtuse, whitish with a rufous tinge, with
longitudinal rufous fibrils, tawny when dry ; gills adnexed,
rounded behind, about 1 line broad, ventricose, cinnamon,
«dge white, floccose; stem 1-1| in. long, about 1 line thick,
with loose rufous fibrils, powdered with white meal; spores
subglobose, coarsely war ted, 9-10 /*. diam.

Agaricus (Inocybe) Trinii, Weinm., Boss., p. 194; Cooke,
Illustr., pi. 428s.

Among grass.

Smell like clove-pinks. Leaning on one side ; pileus
scarcely rimose ; not squamose, £ in broad, whitish-rufous,
tawny when dry. (Fries.)

**** VELUTINI.

Inocybe sambucina. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh white rather thick, firm ;
convex then expanded, often wavy, not incurved, obtuse,
silky-fibrillose, even, white, rarely pallid-yellowish; gills
slightly adnexed, crowded, ventricose, 2-3 lines broad,
whitish ; stern solid, stout, 1-1 .V in. long, £-1 in. thick, equal
or clavate, often decumbent, striate, glabrous, white, apex

198 FUNGUS-FLORA.

indistinctly mealy ; veil absent ; spores elliptical, smooth,
11-12 x o /*.

Agaricus (Inocybe) sambucinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 175; Cooke,
Hdbk., p. 158 ; Cooke, Illustr., pi. 399.

Amongst grass, &c.

Solitary, compact, stout, smell strong. Pileus white, often
wav}% margin not cracked nor splitting, becoming tinged
with yellow. Stem stout, often decumbent; apex sparingly
pruinose. (Fries.)

Inocybe caesariata. Fr.

Fileus |— 1| in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin, convex
then expanded, somewhat gibbous, tawny-ochraceous, with
ochraceous fibrillose, more or less spreading squamules ; gills
rounded behind and adnexed, pale ochraceous, margin quite
entire; stem 1|— 3 in. long, 2—3 lines thick, equal, very
fibrillose, pale ochraceous, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth,
8 x 4 p.

Agaricus (Inocybe) caesariatus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 234;
Cooke, Illustr., pi. 338.

In beech woods, &c.

The ochraceous colour and copious fibrils readily dis-
tinguish this species. (Fries.)

Inocybe lucifuga. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, thin, convex then plane, um-
bonate, covered with minute, adpressed scales, or often
longitudinally fibrillose, somewhat olive, sometimes pale,
rarely fawn-colour ; flesh, white ; gills nearly free, or de-
pending on the variable form of the pileus, adnexed, crowded,
ventricose, plane, whitish, soon yellowish, at length pure
olive ; stem solid, rigid, about 1| in. long and 2 lines thick,
equal, often undulated, hardly fibrillose, apex with a scanty
covering of white meal, pallid ; spores elliptical, smooth,
10 x 6 p..

Agaricus (Inocybe) lucifugus, Fries, Epicr., p. 177; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 158; Cke., Illustr., pi. 429A.

In pine woods, &c.

Smell unpleasant, something like radishes. Distinguished
by the clear olive colour of the gills, and the absence of a
veil.

INOCYBE. 199

Inocybe sindonia. Fr.

Pileus li-2 in. across, flesh thin, white, campanulato-
convex, gibbous silky- velvety, even, when young having the
fibrils of the veil appendicylate from the margin, dingy
white or at length yellowish ; gills narrowly adnexed, linear-
lanceolate, 1 line broad, brownish- white ; stem soft, filled
with a distinct pith when young, then hollow, 2-3 in. long,
3 lines thick, equal, at first slightly fibiillose from the veil,
then becoming glabrous, white; spores elliptical, smooth,
7x4 p.

Agaricus (Inocybe) sindonius, Fries, Epicr., p. 176; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 159 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 400.

In damp, shady places.

Allied to I. geophylla, but known by the hollow stem and
larger size. Pileus not fibrillose.

Inocybe Clarkii. B. & Br.

Pileus §-1 i in- across, flesh very thin except at the umbo,
white ; campanulate, obtuse, whitish, silky ; gills adnexed,
rather distant, li-2 lines broad, thin, pallid, margin white;
stem H-2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal or slightly
thickened at the base, white, solid; spores pale, elliptical,
smooth, 8-10 X 6 p..

Agaricus (Inocybe) ClarJcii, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. 'Hist., n.
1345; Cke., Hdbk., p. 159; Cke., Illustr., pi. 429B.

On the ground in shady places.

Distinguished by the white, silky, campanulate pileus.
Allied to I. sindonia, but distinguished by the hollow stem
and persistently pale gills.

Inocybe geophylla. Fr.

Pileus i-1 in. across, flesh thin, white, conical then ex-
panded, umbonate, dry, silky, the cuticle breaking up into
longitudinal silky fibrils, white, lilac, or violet; white or
yellowish when old ; gills almost free, rather broad, ven-
tricose, crowded, white then brownish-tan, at length brown:
stem stuffed, rather firm, 2-3 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal,
commonly straight, glabrous, white or coloured like the
pileus, apex with white meal; spores elliptical, smooth,
7-8 x 4M.

Agaricus (Inocybe') geophyllus, Fries, Epicr., p. 176 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 159; Cke., Illustr., pi. 401.

200 FUNG US-FLOE A.

Amongst grass in woods, &c.

Gregarious, smell weak ; more slender than I. sindonia ;
known from I. scabellus by the white or lilac, not brownish
and squamulose pilexis.

Pileus J-l in. broad, umbonate, at length subin verted,
white, lilac, brownish, yellowish, &c., satiny, often rimose.
Gills adnate or adnexed, ventricose, earthy, not cinnamon,
the margin white, subdentate. Stem 1-3 in. high, 1—2 lines
thick, flexuous, equal or subbulbons, firm, very minutely
farinaceous above, solid, but the inner substance less compact.
Odour strong and disagreeable. (Berk.)

Inocybe scabella. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, conical then expanded, umbonate,
silky-fibrillose, at length becoming torn into squamules
except the umbo, brownish, rufous-brown, sometimes dingy
ochraceous, flesh dingy ; gills adnexed, somewhat ventricose.
but at times narrow, more or less crowded, dingy at first
then brownish; stem stuffed, thin, 1^ in. long, i— 1J- lino
thick, equal, straight or flexuous, glabrous, rufous or pallid,
apex obsoletely pruinose ; veil not evident ; spores irregular,
nodulose, 10 x 7 p..

Agaricus (Inocybe) scabellus, Fries, Epicr., p. 127 (not of
Alb. & Schw.) ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 159.

Grassy places in woods, &c.

A very variable, but quite distinct species. Stature of
I. geophylla but more slender, inodorous, and brown or
rufescent, colour of pileus and stem different.

Inocybe subrimosa. Mass.

Pileus about 1 in. across, conico-campanulate then ex-
panded, with a prominent conical umbo, margin often
undulate, even, glabrous, the cuticle becoming broken up
into longitudinal fibrils, then cracked, bay or pale rusty-
ochraceons ; gills very much attenuated behind, free or
slightly adnexed, rather ventricose, white then pale dingy-
tan (colour of old "wash-leather), at length brownish ; basidia
clavate, 30-42 x 14 /A; cystidia fusoid, apex at first minutely
spiny, 65-95 x 20 p. ; spores subglobose, unequally stellately
spiny, tinged yellow, 13-14 x 10-11 p.; or 10-12 /A diam. ;
stem about 2 in. long, l£ line thick, solid, equal, round,

INOCYBE. 201

polished, usually slightly flexuous, base with a very minute,
more or less marginate bulb, glabrous, white, everywhere
mealy, not pellucid.

Clypeus subrimosus, Karsten, Meddl. af Soc. pro Fauna et
Flora Fennica, 1888-91, p. 38 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 402 (called
Inocybe scabella.)

Among grass.

Flesh white ; inodorous and tasteless.

Inocybe Renneyi. B. & Br.

Fileus $-$ in. across, flesh very thin except at the disc,
hemispherical, slightly fibrillose, disc brown, the remainder
fawn-colour ; gills rounded behind and almost free, 1 line
broad, dingy ochraceous ; stem 1 £-2 in. long, 1^ line thick
at the apex, slightly attenuated downwards, paler than the
pileus, fibrillose, solid ; spores pip-shaped, the narrow end
slightly curved, rough, 12 X 7-8 /A.

Agaricus (Inocybe) Renneyi, Berk. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
n. 1761 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 520A.

On the ground.

Far. major; coloured like the type form, but larger;
pileus up to 1 in. across, campanulate ; gills broadly adnate,
cinnamon-colour, stem equal. Flesh dingy, as is also that of
the typical form; spores pip-shaped, rough, 13-17 x 10 /x.

Cke., Illustr., pi. 520s.

In fir woods.

Inocybe trechispora. Berk.

Pileus 4— f in. across, somewhat membranaceous, convex
then expanded, umbonate, at first viscid but soon dry and
silky, umbo brownish, remainder whitish ; stem 1^-2 in.
long, 1^ in. thick, nearly equal, often slightly wavy, whitish,
slightly striate and mealy, nearly solid ; gills emarginate,
rather distant, ventricose, pinkish-grey ; spores irregularly
nodulose, 7 x 5-6 /x ; cystidia subfusiform, sometimes slightly
toothed at the apex, 35-45 x 10 /x.

Agaricus (Inocybe^) trechisporus, Berk., Outl., p. 156 ; t. 8,
f. 6 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 160; Cke., Illustr., pi. 403A.

In woods amongst ferns, &c.

Somewhat resembling I. geophylla, but distinguished by
the dark uinbo, and the nodulose spores.

202 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Inocybe vatricosa. Fr.

Pileus about ^ in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane,
obtusely umbonate, even, glabrous, viscid when moist,
shining when dry, slightly silky near the margin, white;
gills broadly emarginate, adnexed, almost free, broad, white
then brownish ; stem about 1 in. long, 1—2 lines thick, equal,
curved and contorted, white, not fibrillose, but with white
down at the base, everywhere powdered with white meal,
hollow.

Agaricus (Inocybe) vatricosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 177; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 160; Cke., Illustr., pi. 403B.

Damp naked places in pine woods, also on wood.

A minute species, remarkable for the glabrous viscid disc
of the pileus, and the truly silky margin. With exactly the
habit of J. geophylla, but smaller. (Fries.)

Inocybe Whitei. B. & Br.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh very thin, except at the
disc, at first hemispherical, then convex, tawny, margin
whitish, at length expanded and wholly tawny, fibrillose,
slightly viscid; veil white, fibrillose; stem about H in.
long, 1| line thick, slightly thickened at the base, nearly
smooth, white, becoming brownish, solid; gills adnexed,
white at first then pallid ; spores obliquely elliptical,
smooth, pale yellow-brown, 9 x 4 p ; cystidia more or less
broadly clavate, tapering to a very thin pedicel, plentiful.

Agaricus (Inocybe) Whitei, Berk. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
n. 1527 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 404A.

On the ground in pine woods, &c.

Stature that of I. geopliylla, a very curious and beautiful
little species allied to I. vatricosa. (Berk. & Br.) Keadily
known by the viscid, tawny pileus.

Inocybe tricholoma. A. & S.

Pileus f-l| in. across, plane, becoming more or less de-
pressed, sometimes irregular, rather viscid, whitish, margin
irregularly fringed with adpressed white fibrils ; gills de-
current, thin, pale brownish- tan ; stem l|-2 in. long, l|-2
lines thick, white, squamulose upwards.

Agaricus (Inocybe) iricholoma, Alb. & Schw., Consp., p. 188;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 404s.

BOLBITIUS. 203

In woods.

Distinguished from all other species by the white stem
and viscid white pileus with a more or less fringed margin.

BOLBITIUS. Fries, (figs. 18, 19, p. 3.)

Pileus membranaceous ; gills adnexed or free, membrana-
ceous, soft, salmon-colour or rusty, dissolving (not dripping
as in Coprinus), powdered with the rusty spores; stem
central ; universal veil absent, partial veil often obsolete.

Bolbitius, Fries, Epicr., p. 253 ; Cke., Hdbk., p, 234.

Very delicate and fragile, remarkable amongst the ochro-
sporae for the gills dissolving into mucus, and in this respect
analogous with Coprinus amongst the Phaeosporae, and
Hiatula amongst the Leucosporae. Growing on dung or
amongst grass where dung abounds.

A small but very natural genus, with the vegetative
portion like Coprinus and the fructification resembling Cor-
tinarius, hence occupying an intermediate position between
these two genera. (Fries.)

Bolbitius grandiusculus. Cke. & Mass,

Pileus H-2 in. across, almost membranaceous, campanu-
late then expanded, smooth, slightly striate at the margin,
pale yellow, disc rufous; gills narrowed behind and quite
free, about 1 line broad, crowded, pale then rusty-ochraceous ;
stem 3-4 in. long, 3 lines thick at the base, slightly and
uniformly attenuated upwards, white, smooth, even, straight,
hollow; spores rusty, elliptic-oblong, 15 x 5-6 p.

Bolbitius grandiusculus, Cke. & Massee, Grev., vol. xviii.
p. 53; Cke., Hdbk., p. 378 ; Cke., Illustr., Suppl., pi. 1159.

Amongst grass.

The largest species of the genus, known at once by the
narrow, free gills, and the long, pure white, tapering stem.

Bolbitius yitellinus. Fr.

Pileus l£-2 in. across, flesh equal, thin, campanulate or
ovate then expanded, viscid, clear deep yellow, at first even,
then the margin becomes sulcate and often splits; gills
slightly adnexed, narrow, ochraceous-tan ; stem about 3 in.

204 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

long, 2 lines thick, equal, straight or rather wavy, white,
.and covered with white squamules, hollow ; spores elliptical,
tawny-ochraceous, 10 x 6 //,.

Bolbitius vitellinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 254 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
235 ; Cke., lilustr. pi. 928A.

On dung and in rich pastures. Subcaespitose. Closely
allied to B. Boltoni and B.flavidus; distinguished from the
former by the clear egg-yellow colour of the pileus, which is
not darker nor depressed at the disc ; known from the latter
by the white stem.

Bolbitius flavidus. Bolton.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, glutinous, conical then expanded, but
usually with the disc a little elevated, margin striate and
usually split, pale yellow ; gills almost or quite free, about
2 lines broad, at first white, then yellow, at length dusky
brown, stem about 2 in. high, 2-3 lines thick at the base,
slightly thinner upwards, yellow both outside and inside,
hollow, veil very fugacious at an early stage, and leaving
no mark on the stem ; spores elliptical, brown, 10 x 6 /x.

Agaricus flavidus, Bolton, p. 149, pi. 149 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 689.

On dunghills, &c. As stated under Bolbitius Boltoni,
Fries ; the true species called Agaricus flavidus by Bolton
is quite distinct from the species of Fries, the principal
points of distinction being that in the present species the
pileus is obtuse or subgibbous and not darker at the disc
than elsewhere, the free gills, and the plant not becoming
dry and papery at maturity, but deliquescing. The following
is Bolton's own account.

The root is small and hard, emitting black-brown fibres.

The stem is 2 in. high, smooth, largest at the base, hollow,
yellow both within and without, and easily splits in yellow
«hining filaments.

The curtain is white, extremely light and delicate ; it
vanishes in the infancy of the plant, and leaves no mark on
the stem.

The gills are in three series, of a narrow, oblong figure,
thin, and tender ; they are at first white, afterwards yellow,
and change at last to a dusky brown.

The pileus at first conical, and covered with a tough,

BOLBITIUS. 205

slippery gluten; afterwards becomes convex, but most fre-
quently with the centre a little elevated ; in the progress of
growth, the margin becomes striated, and frequently rent ;
at last the whole plant dissolves in a brown jelly.

Grows on dunghills, after rain, June and July. (Bolton.)

Bolbitius Boltoni. Fr.

Pileus rather fleshy, viscid, at first even, then with the
membranaceous margin sulcate, disc darker subdepressed ;
stem attenuated, yellowish, at first floccose from the remains of
the fugacious veil ; gills subadnate, yellow then livid-brown,

Bolbitius Boltoni, Fries, Epicr., p. 254 ; Fries, Hym. Eur.,
p. 334; Cke., Hdbk., p. 234; Cke., Illustr., pi. 689 (not
Bolton, pi. 149).

Amongst heaps of leaves in places where dung abounds.
Pileus at first conical, yellow, becoming pale, at length dry
and papery. Spores fuscous-brown. (Fries.)

Fries has seen the fungus described above in a living
condition, and at the same time considered it to be identical
with the fungus called Agaricus flavidus by Bolton, p. 149,
and figured on pi. 149 ; but when the descriptions by Boltou
and Fries are compared, it will be seen that there are some
discrepancies, the main feature in Fries' plant, as indicated
by italics, is "disco obscuriore subdepresso" whereas Bolton
says most frequently with the centre (of the pileus) a little
elevated, and during recent years Mr. Phillips of Shrewsbury
has found a fungus on dung that accords exactly with Bol ton's
description and figure, having the pileus slightly gibbous,
and not subdepressed and darker as stated by Fries, the
spores in Mr. Phillips's specimens are clear brown, not
" brunneo fuscae," as in Fries' fungus, and the gills are free.
The specimens found by Mr. Phillips are figured in Cooke's
Illustrations, pi. 689.

The plant of Fries, judging from his quotation of Bolton's.
iignre, must be about the same size as the latter, but being
dibtinct from Bolton's fungus, with which it has hitherto
been confounded, it is doubtful whether the Bolbitius Boltoni^
Fries, is a native of Britain.

Bolbitius fragilis. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, almost membranaceous, viscid,

206 FUNGUS-FLORA.

pellucid, margin striate, ratter umbonate, yellow becoming
pale; gills attenuated behind, adnexed, about 1J line broad,
rather distant, yellowish then pale cinnamon ; stem 2—3 in.
long, 1J line thick, attenuated upwards, straight, naked,
yellow, hollow ; spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7 x 3-5 /*.

Bolbitius fragilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 254 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 235 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 720A.

On dung and amongst grass. Solitary, [or 2-3 clustered
togethered.

More slender than Bolbitius Boltoni, fragile, drying up,
yellow becoming pale. Spores ferruginous. (Fries.)

Bolbitius apicalis. W. G. Sm. (figs. 18, 19, p. 3.)

Pileus conical, not expanding, |— 1 in. long, meinbranaceous,
brownish, striate from the first up to the ochraceous, even,
subumbonate disc, the difference in colour between the two
parts defined by a distinct line ; gills free, at first pressed to
the stem, 11 line broad, ventricose, bright brown; stem
about 1^ in. long, incrassated at the base, striate, white,
minutely mealy under a lens, hollow ; spores brown, ellip-
tical, 9 x 6-7 p.

Bolbitius apicalis, W. G. Smith, in Cooke's Hdbk., ed. i., p.
171 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 235 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 720s.

In pastures.

Distinguished by the pileus being striate and brown up to
the smooth, ochraceous disc.

Bolbitius titubans. Fr.

Pileus f-1 in. across, membranaceous, ovato-campanulate
then expanded, discoid, yellow ; gills slightly adnexed,
about 1 line broad, rather distant, pallid then salmon-colour ;
stem lj-2| in. long, about 1 line thick, straight, yellowish,
shining, hollow; spores 12 x 8 fi.

Bolbitius titubans, Fries, Epicr., p. 254; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 235 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 690.

Amongst <rrass, &c. Very fragile, almost tottering. Fries
states that the gills are pallid then becoming purplish or
brownish flesh-colour, and in that respect his specimens
differed from the figures of other fungologists. He also says
that the spores appear purplish-brown.

Pileus conical, at length plane, ^-f of an inch broad, mem-

BOLBITIUS. 207

branaceous, plicate, pale yellow, deepest in the centre, and
smooth. Lamellae distant, pale, at length brown-red or
flesh-colour, narrow, mottled. Stipes scarcely more than a
line thick, 3-4 in. long, hollow, weak, yellow. A very
elegant species, possessing, according to Withering, a strong
and disagreeable smell. (Grev.)

Bolbitius rivulosus. B. & Br.

Pileus about 1| in. across, campanulate, striate, rivulose,
dingy tan-colour; flesh white, rather thick at the disc,
elsewhere membranaceous ; gills narrowed behind, slightly
adnexed, rather distant, about H line broad, cinnamon;
stem about 3 in. long, 3 lines thick at the base, gradually
attenuated upwards, straight, smooth, even, white, hollow ;
spores elliptic-oblong, ferruginous, 10-12 X 6-7 p..

Bolbitius rivulosus, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., n.
1773; Cke., Hdbk., p. 236; Cke., Illustr., pi. 928u.

In an orchid house.

Distinguished by the dirty tan-coloured pileus striate
half-way up. Possibly an introduced species.

Bolbitius niveus. Mass.

Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate,
obtusely umbonate, smooth, slightly viscid, margin striate,
pure white ; gills narrowed behind and quite free, about
1 line broad, rather distant, broadest in front, pallid then
salmon-colour ; stem about 4 in. long, clavato-bulbous at the
base, gradually attenuated to the apex, rather tough, shining,
pure white, hollow; spores elliptical, salmon-colour, 18 x
9-10 p..

Bolbitius conocephalus, Bull., Cke., Hdbk., p. 378; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 1160.

On the ground in the palm-house, Kew. Eeadily known
by the pure white pileus and stem. Certainly not the
species intended by Bulliard. In all probability an exotic
species, introduced with soil.

Bolbitius tener. Berk.

Pileus exceedingly delicate, elongato-conical, ^-1 in. long,
not expanding, even, smooth, moist, yellowish-white; gills
attenuated behind and nearly free, narrow, not crowded,
salmon-colour; stem variable in length, l|-3 in. high, about

208 FUNGUS-FLORA.

1 line thick, clavato-bulbous at the base, white, hollow;
spores elliptical, salmon-colour, 15-16 x 8-10 /*.

Bolbitius tener, Berk., Outl., p. 183 ; t. 12, f. 2 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 235 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 691.

Amongst grass.

Very slender. Distinguished by the smooth, even,
whitish conical pileus and the bulbous base of the stem.

PLUTEOLUS. Fr. (fig. 7, p. 3.)

Pileus conical or campanulate then expanded, flesh thin;
viscid, margin at firnt straight and adpressed to the stem ;
gills rounded behind and free from the stem; stem central,
its substance differentiated from the flesh of the pileus ;
spores ferruginous or saffron-colour.

Pluteolus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 266; Cke., Hdbk., p. 182.

Growing on wood. The present genus corresponds mor-
phologically to Pluteus in the Bhodosporae.

Pluteolus reticulatus. Fr. (fig. 7, p. 3.)

Pileus 1-1^ in. across, flesh thin, campanulate, becoming
plane, viscid, with raised, anastomosing veins forming a
vague network, margin striate, greyish or pale lilac ; gills
free, ventricose, crowded, H line broad, rusty-saffron colour ;
stem l|-2 in. long, 1| line thick, slightly incrassated at the
base, fragile, fibrillose, white, hollow; spores ferruginous in
the mass, elliptical, smooth, 7 x 4 p..

Ayaricus (Pluteolus) reticulatus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p, 266 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 183; Cke., Illustr., pi. 495.

On dead wood.

Closely resembling Pluteus in habit and structure, but
with ferruginous spores.

Pluteolus aleuriatus. Fr.

Pileus about | in. across, thin, conico-convex then flat-
tened, viscid, striate, not wrinkled, greyish or pink ; gills
free, ventricose, ochraceous-saffron ; stem l|-2 in. long, about
1 line thick, white, pulverulent, often incurved, hollow.

Agaricus (Pluteolus} aleuriatus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 266 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 183.

PLUTEOLUS— PHOLIOTA. 209

On rotten sticks, &c.

Fragile. Distinguished from P. reticulatus, by the pileus
not having raised, anastomosing veins, and in the powdery
stem.

PHOLIOTA. Fries, (fig. 10, p. 3.)

Pileus more or less fleshy ; gills adnate, with or without
a decurrent tooth, or rounded behind and adnexed, tawny or
ferruginous at maturity, as are also the spores ; stem central,
furnished with a distinct interwoven ring.

Pholiota, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 240 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 140.

The only genus in the Ochrosporae having the stem
furnished with a persistent, membranous, or interwoven
more or less spreading ring. In Flammula, a closely allied
genus, the ring, if present, is fibrillose and never forms more
than an indistinct silky zone or girdle round the stem. In
Cortinanus, which is also allied, the veil is fibrillose, forming
at most a zone round the stem.

A few species grow on the ground, principally in damp
places amongst moss, but .the majority grow on wood, and
are often densely caespitose. The genus includes many very
large and brilliantly coloured species.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

A. HUMIGESI. — Terrestrial ; rarely caespitose.

* Eudermini. — Spores ferruginous.

** Phaeoti. — Spores dusky ferruginous.

B. TRUNCIGENI. — Growing on wood ; subcaespitose.

* Aegeritini. — Pileus naked, not scaly, but sometimes
cracked ; gills pallid, becoming rufescent or dusky.

'* Squarrcsi. — Pileus scaly, not hygrophanous ; gills be
coming discoloured.

f Gills not purely ferruginous.

VOL. ir. p

210 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Ij" Gills yellow, then pure ferruginous or tawny.

*** HygrophanL — Gills cinnamon (not at first yellow).

C. MUSCIGEXI. — Hygrophanous. Analogous to Galera,
\vith a ring.

A. HUMIGENI.

* Eudermini.

Pholiota aurea. Matt.

Pileus 4-6 in. across, hemispherical then expanded, fleshy
but not compact, soft, obtuse, rather velvety at first, then
torn into minute squamules, bright tawny-yellow or more or
less ochraceous, gills adnexed then almost free, 3-4 lines
broad, ventricose, connected by veins, pale tawny-ferruginous ;
ntein 5—8 in. long, -J— | in. thick, almost equal, even, more or
less covered with ferruginous, scurfy, separating particles
below the ring, solid, pale; ring variable, small or ample,
erect then spreading; spores elliptical, tawny- ferruginous,
10 x 5 p..

Agaricus (Pholiota) aureus, Mattusch., Sil., p. 351 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 140 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 346.

Agaricus (^Pholiota) aureus, Matt., var. Herefordiemis, Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 347.

On the ground. Subcaespitose.

Very handsome ; the flesh thin in proportion to the size
of the pileus, soft, white, becoming yellowish. The spores
are shed copiously, powdering the distant ring and apex of
the stem. Eing sometimes ample, radiato-striate, veined.
(Fries.)

Var. Vahlii, Schum., Fl. Danica, t. 1496; pileus even,
glabrous ; gills almost free.

Differs more especially from the typical form in the smooth
pileus.

Pholiota caperata. Pers.

Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh thin, ovate then expanded,
obtuse, moist, viscid only when moist, covered with super-
ficial white particles, more or less bright yellow ; gills

PHOL10TA. 211

adnate, seceding, thin, 2-3 lines broad, margin serrulate,
pallid then tan-colour; stem 4-6 in. long, up to 1 in. thick,
cylindrical or swollen at the base, white, apex shining white,
squamulose from the superior, membranaceous, deflexed ring,
solid ; spores elliptical, 12 X 4-5 p..

Afiaricus caperatus, Persoon, Syn., p. 273; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 140 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 348.

In woods. Solitary, or two or three together.

Large, stout, but pileus thin in proportion. The young
pileus is covered with white flocci, crowded at the even disc
and squamulose towards the thin lacunose sulcate margin,
becoming naked. A persistent volva is sometimes present
fit the base of the stem during rainy weather. There is a
smaller form in pine woods, with a short stem, 1^—3 in. long,
and with the pileus even. (Fries.)

Pholiota terrigena. Fr.

Pileus H-3 in. across, fleshy, rather compact, lenticular
then flattened, obtuse, adpressedly silky-fibrillose, pale
tinier yellow; flesh yellow; gills adnate with a decurrent
tooth, about 2 lines broad, scarcely crowded, yellowish then
ferruginous with an olive tinge ; stem about 2 in. long and
3-5 lines thick, flesh fibrous, not thickened at the base,
clingy yellow, variegated with squarrose, small ferruginous
wart-like squamules; partial veil remains in part on the
stem, forming a ring, and in part appendiculate at the margin
of the pileus, stuffed ; spores broadly elliptical, 5 x 3 p..

Agarir.ns (Pholiota) ierrigenus, Fries, in Vet. Ak. Forh.,
1851 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 141 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 349.

Damp ground in woods, &c.

A small form occurs with the veil obliterated, may readily
be confounded with Cortinarius venetus and Cortinarius de-
2>f.c>(8. (Fries.)

Pholiota erebia. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then flattened, glabrous,
rather viscid, hygrophanous, often wrinkled, margin striate,
umber with an olivaceous tinge, ochraceous-tan when dry ;
flesh thin, dingy ; gills adnate, rather distant, 2 lines broad,
pallid then dingy cinnamon ; stem 2 in. long, 3-4 lines
thick, equal, somewhat striate, soon pale, hollow ; ring

r 2

212 FUNGUS-FLORA.

superior, soon drooping with the margin upturned, often
striate.

Agaricus (Pholiota) erebius, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 246;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 141 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 328 .

Agaricus jecorinus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 328.

Grassy places in woods, &c.

Gregarious, rather fragile, pileus often rugulose, lurid,
when dry ochraceous-tan. (Fries.)

The pileus is sometimes more or less umbonate, also some-
times depressed.

Pholiota ombrophila. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then flattened, gibbous, even,
smooth, hygrophanous, wholly pale dingy ferruginous when
moist, tan colour when dry ; flesh thin, white ; gills adnate,
soon seceding, ventricose, crowded, narrowest in front, tan-
colour then ferruginous ; stem 3—4 in. long, 3—4 lines thick,
equal, rather fragile, faintly fibrillose or striate, pallid,
hollow ; ring distant, entire, white ; spores elliptical, rusty,
8 x 3 • 5 p..

Agaricus (Pholiota) ombrophila, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 216;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 141 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 359.

Agaricus togularis, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 241 ; Fries,
Elench., p. 33.

In grassy places, after heavy rains.

Much larger than Pholiota togularis ; when moist wholly
dilute ferruginous, pileus 3 in. broad, tan-colour when dry.
Flesh white. Stem firm, 3-5 lines thick. (Fries.)

White wart-like fragments of the veil are often present on
the pileus near the margin.

Var. brunneola, Fries, Icon., pi. 103.
Pileus 1^ in. across, obtuse, brown ; gills narrower than
the typical form (1| line) ; stem \\ in. long.
On the ground.

Pholiota togularis. Bull.

Pileus |-li7 in. across, flesh thin, becoming yellow, cam-
panulate then expanded, obtuse, orbicular, glabrous, not
striate, pale ochraceous ; gills adnate, seceding, 1| lines
broad, ventricose, crowded, yellowish then pale ferruginous ;
sieiu 3-4 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, rigid, often flexuous,

PIIOLIOTA. 213

dilute ochraceous, paler upwards, hollow; ring distant from
the apex, entire, spreading; spores elliptical, 8 x 3-5 p..

Agaricus togularis, Bulliard, Champ. Fr., t. 595, f. 2;
Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 216; Fries, Icon., t. 104; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 141 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 350.

Agaricus mesodactyliis, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n. 681,
t. 9, f. 1.

Amongst grass, in gardens, &c.

Very variable. Slender, size very variable. Gregarious.

Pholiota blattaria. Fr,

Pileus |-f in. across, flesh thin, campanulate, soon flattened,
rather umbonate, glabrous, ferruginous, hygrophanous, mar-
gin striate; gills rounded behind and free, ventricose, crowded,
1 line broad, watery cinnamon; stem 1-1 \ in. long, 1 line
thick, equal, straight, white, hollow ; ring distant, silky,
entire, white ; spores elliptical, 4 x 2 p..

Agaricus (PJioliota) Uattaria, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 246;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 373; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1172B.

In gardens, &c.

Elegant, small, very distinct, but requires to be carefully
distinguished from small forms of Pholiota togularis.

Grassy places by paths. Small, but pretty, stem fistulose,
1| in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, equal, straight, rather fra-
gile, below the distant, medium, entire, reflexed ring, silky
and white. Pileus rather fleshy, thin, convex when young
then plane, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, yellowish-tan, disc
darker, almost ferruginous, \-\ in. broad, not more, margin
sttiate, even when dry and becoming pale. Flesh similarly
coloured, very thin. Gills rounded behind, free, ventricose,
1 line broad, crowded, quaternate, watery cinnamon. Spores
ferruginous. Resembles a Galera with a ring. (Fries.)

** Phaeoti.

Pholiota dura. Bolton.

Fileus 2 in. across, fleshy, rather compact, convexo-plane,
smooth, at length cracked, margin even, tawny-tan, becoming
fuscous; gills adnate, striato-decurrent with a tooth, 3-5
lines broad, livid then rusty-brown; stem l|-2 in. long, 4-6
lines thick ; thickest at the apex where it is mealy, some-

214 FUNGUS-FLORA.

times ventricose or irregular, stuffed, whitish ; ring apical,
torn ; spores elliptical, almost ferruginous, 8—9 X 5—6 p..

Agaricus durus, Bolton, Fung. Halifax, t. 67, f. 1 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 142 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 423.

On the ground in gardens, &c.

The root consists of a number of fibres issuing from the
hard compressed bottom of the stem. The stem is round,
solid, 2 in. high, and of a pale whitish-buff colour.
The curtain is very delicate and tender ; it is white, and
breaks and vanishes in the infancy of the plant. The gills
are extremely numerous, deep, semi-oval, and regularly
arranged in three series ; they are thin and of a pale greyish
colour. The pileus is convex, even, and smooth at the rim ;
the surface smooth, of a pale dusky yellow, and feels like
vellum; ihe substance of the whole plant very hard and
brittle. (Bolton.)

Pholiota praecox. Pers.

Pileus 1^—3 in. across, fleshy, soft, convex, soon plane, ob-
tuse, almost glabrous, even, whitish then tan-colour, moist
but not viscid in rainy weather, becoming pale ; gills ernar-
ginate, adnexed, crowded, 3 lines broad, white then brownish ;
stem 2—4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, cylindrical, mealy and
pubescent then glabrous, fragile, whitish, filled with pith
then hollow ; ring white, reflexed, entire ; spores brownish,
8-13 X 6-7 p.

Agaricus praecox, Persoon, Syn., p. 420 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 1 42 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 360; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 217.

Amongst grass, &c., in gardens. In spring.

Spores fuscous-brown ; pileus yellowish- white ; gills with
a subdecurrent tooth. Var. minor, pileus scarcely 1 in. across,
ring torn, appendiculate. (Fries.)

Pholiota sphaleromorpha. Bull.

Pileus li— 2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, even,
yellow ; gills arcuato-decurrent, dry, yellowish- white then
becoming brownish; stem 3-4 in. long, 2-4 lines thick,
incrassated at the base, silky, yellowish, stuffed then be-
coming partly hollow ; ring ample, distant, entire, rnern-
branaceous.

Agaricus sphaleromorphus, Bull., Champ., t. 450, f. 1 ; Fries,
Hym. Eur., p. 217.

PHOLIOTA. 215

Amongst leaf soil, &c.

Stem stuffed or partly hollow, 3-4 in. long, 2-3 lines thick,
attenuated upwards, silky, yellowish, base incrassated, villoso ;
ring median, ample, spreading, lax, even, consisting of a very
thin membrane. Pileus fleshy, thin, convexo-pltme, obtuse,
even, smooth, yellow, 2 in. broad, smaller in proportion
to the stem than in Pholiota praecox or P. durus. Gills not
sinuate behind, but equally broad and truly decurrent, linear,
li line broad, yellowish then ferruginous-tan, or at lengtli
becoming brownish. (Fries.)

Pholiota molliscoria. Cke. & Mass.

Pileus 2—3 in. across, convex then plane, at length de-
pressed, obtuse, even, smooth, soft like kid leather, tawny-
yellow, paler towards the margin, dry, shining ; flesh, very
thin, yellow like that of the stem ; gills adnexed, rounded
behind, ventricose, 2 lines broad, crowded, thin, ferruginous ;
stem about 3 in. long, ^-^- in. thick, equal, straight, silk}',
punctately squamulose at the apex, pale yellow, hollow ; rin<;-
distant, broad, yellow then ferruginous from the spores,
deciduous; spores elliptic-fusiform, ferruginous, 12 x 5—6 /x.

Agaricus (Pholiota) molliscorium, Cooke & Massee, Grev.,
vol. xvii. p. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 173; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1171.

On the ground. Gregarious.

Taste and smell none. Habit that of Pholita praecox, with
which it was associated, but diifering in the yellow colour,
and the bright ferruginous gills. (Cke. & Mass.)

B. TRUNCIGENI.

* Aegeritini.

Pholiota radicosa. Bull.

Pileus 2-4 iu. across, fleshy, symmetrical, obtuse, even,
glabrous, spotted, pale greyish-tan; gills free, ventricose,
3-4 lines broad, pallid then reddish -brown ; stem 4-6 in. long,
•$ in. or more at thickest part, more or less ventricose below
the middle, and passing into a tapering root, concentrically
sqTiamulose up to the distant ring, mealy and smooth above,
coloured like the pileus or paler, solid; spores pip-shaped,
pale, 9 X 4£ /*.

21G FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Agaricus radicosus, Bulliard, Champ., t. 160; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 142; Cke., Illustr., pi. 361.

Near to stumps, in woods. Known by the attenuated,
rooting stem, free gills, and strong scent.

Smell strong, rather sweet, grateful, taste peculiar.
Solitary or gregarious, not caespitose. Stem solid, firm, but
spnngy within, 3-4 in. long, % in. thick, white, incrassated
at the base and fusiformly rooting ; below the distant, entire,
rather erect ring, concentrically squamose, squamules erect,
floccose ; apex mealy. Pileus fleshy, convex then plane,
regular, naked and even, almost dry, 3—5 in. broad, almost
clay-colour, then from the spores of superposed specimens,
spotted with rufous. Flesh fairly thick, white. Gills
rounded behind, almost free, very much crowded, 3 lines
broad, pallid, then, like the spores, rufo-ferruginous. (Fries.)

Pholiota pudica. Fr.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded or
even sometimes depressed, obtuse, even, dry, glabrous, white
or slightly tinged with tawny ; gills rounded behind, ad-
nexed, ventricose, 2 lines broad, whitish then tawny; stem
1—2 in. long, 2—5 lines thick, straight or most frequently
incurved and ascending, equal, even, white, solid ; ring
superior, spreading, white, persistent ; spores elliptical, 6-7
X 3-5/1.

Agaricus (Pholiota) pudicus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 218;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 142; Cke., Jllustr., pi. 362.

Agaricus albus, Bulliard, Champ., t. 597, f. 2, E.S.

On trunks of elder and other trees.

Simple or caespitose; stem sometimes excentric and
curved at the base. According to Bulliard's figure quoted
above, the pileus is pruinose at the disc.

Pholiota leochroma. Cooke.

Pileus 1|-2| in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, at
length depressed, soft, smooth, not shining, tawny; gills
adnate, rounded behind, slightly ventricose, 2-3 lines broad,
pallid then cinnamon-colour; stem 3—4 in. long, 3 lines,
thick, nearly equal, even, solid, whitish, ring persistent,
superior, tawny ; spores profuse.

Ayaricus (Pholiota) leochromus, Cke., Journ. Bot. (1863),
i. 3, f. 3 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 143 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 363,

PHOLIOTA. 217

On stumps, &c. Caespitose.

In Cooko's figure the pileus is yellowish- white at the
margin, passing into tawny at the disc, the surface, especially
at the disc becoming cracked in an areolate manner.

Pholiota capistrata. Cooke.

Pileus H-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, white, convex,
margin involute, slightly striate, pale dingy yellow, rather
viscid ; gills slightly decurrent, 2 lines broad, pallid, growing
darker, stem 3-4 in. long, nearly equal, rather squamulose,
whitish, stuffed, almost straight or ascending ; ring superior,
white, spreading, persistent.

Agaricus (Pholiota) capistratus, Cke., Journ. Bot. (1863),.
t. 3, f. 4; Cke., Hdbk., p. 143; Cke., Illustr., pi. 364.

On old elm stumps, &c.

Known by the dingy yellowish-white, slightly viscid
pileus with the margin faintly striate.

Pholiota aegerita. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, very fleshy, convex then plane,
rivulose and wrinkled, tawny, towards the margin becoming
pallid or whitish, flesh white, gills adnate with a decurrent
tooth, 3 lines broad, crowded, pallid then fuscous ; stem 4-6 in.
long, |-§- in. thick, equal, fibrillose, white, silky, stuifed;
ring superior, white, tumid ; spores elliptical, 10 x 5 p..

Agaricus (Pholiota~) aegerita, Fries, Epicr., p. 164; Fries,
Hym. Eur., p. 219 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 143 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 453.

On trunks of poplar, ash, &o.

A very fine, large species, growing in a caespitose manner.
The cuticle of the pileus is sometimes cracked in an areolate
manner. Cooke's figure has the pileus uniform bistre-colour
with the extreme margin incurved.

Pholiota luxurians. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, slightly fleshy, convex and gibbous,,
then expanded, unequal, silky, breaking up into squamules,
yellowish-white, then rufous-brown ; gills adnexed then
decurrent, crowded, greyish flesh-colour, then brownish;,
stem H-2 in. long, white then brownish, rather squamulose,
rigid, stuffed, ring superior ; spores elliptical, 10 x 4 /*.

Agaricus (Pholiota) luxurians, Fries, Epicr., p. 1(54; Cke.,

218 FUNGUS-FLORA.

:., p.

aegerita).

On oak trunks, &c.

Caespitose, very irregular, flesh white. Pileus at first
yellowish-white, more even, then rufo-fuscous. (Fries.)

** Squarrosi.
f Gills not pure ferruginous.

Pholiota comosa. Fr.

Pileus 3-6 in. across, very fleshy, convex then slightly
expanded, obtuse, viscid, with scattered fioccose, superficial,
adpressed, seceding, white scales, dingy tawny ; flesh firm,
whitish ; gills slightly decurrent, quite entire, 3-5 lines
"broad, white then brownish-tan ; stem 3-4 in, long, up to
| in. thick, rather bulbous at the base, rather coarsely
fibrillose below the floccose, appendiculate ring, smooth
above, whitish, solid, usually curved and ascending ; spores
elliptical, brownish-ferruginous, elliptical, 12 x 6 /*.

Agaricus (Pholiota) comosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 165; Kalch-
brenner, Icon. Hung., t. 13, f. 1; Cke., Hdbk., p. 144; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 600.

On trunks and stumps of beech, &c.

Usually in small clusters. Odour faint. In Kalchbrenner's
figure, quoted above, there is a section given having the
pileus 7 in. across; gills f in. broad at the base, rounded
behind and slightly adnexed ; stem about 1 in. thick. This
figure is quoted by Fries under the present species.

Scarcely caespitose, yet several specimens are often joined
at the base ; very distinct from Pholiota squarrose, but very
similar to Hypholoma sublateritius, especially in the brownish-
ferruginous spores, a character by which it is easily known
from its neighbouring allies and which places it intermediate
between Pholiota and Stropharia. Inodorous; stem solid,
when young very compact and hard, sub-bulbous, then
elongated, nearly equal, and I have also seen it hollow, fibril-
lose (not scaly), white ; long and slender compared with
neighbouring species, ring more or less curtain-like, floccose,
fairly persistent. Pileus fleshy, convex then expanded,

PHOLIOTA. 219

obtuse, 3 in. across, viscid, tawny, sprinkled with seceding,
superficial, paler scales, by which character it is distinguished
with certainty from all its allies. Flesh compact, white,
Sills adnato-decurrent, not very crowded, entire, white then
brownish-tan. (Fries.)

Pholiota heteroclita. Fr.

Pileus 3-6 in. across, plano-convex then flattened, very
obtuse, slightly excentric, spotted with scattered, innate,
adpressed scales, whitish or becoming yellowish flesh thick,
firm, pallid, margin usually ragged from the remains of the
veil ; gills rounded behind, adnexed, 3-5 lines broad, pallid
then obscure ferruginous ; btem 3-4 in. long, 1 in. and more
thick at the bulbous base, rooting, hard, fibrillose, whitish,
base darker and reddish-brown inside, solid, ring apical,
torn, floccose.

Agaricus (Pholiota) heteroclitus, Fries, Obs., ii. p. 223 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 144; Cke., Illustr., pi. 366.

On trunks, chiefly birch. Somewhat resembling Pholiota
comosa, but distinguished at once by the strong, pungent,
horse-radish odour. Solitary according to Fries, but in
Cooke's figure three specimens are connate at the base of the
stem, the pilleus and stem are also dingy brown.

Solitary, compact, odour strong, pungent, almost like
horse-radish. Stem solid, firm, stout, but short, about 2
in., base bulbous-incrusted, and praemorsely rooting,
\-l in. thick, fibrillose, white, commonly curved and ascend-
ing, apex veiled, base rhubarb-colour within. Veil very
rarely forming a perfect ring at the apex of the stem, com-
monly appendiculate from the margin of the pileus, floccoso-
radiate, and always forming a zone round the stem. Pileus
fleshy, compact and hard when young, often excentric,
hemispherical then expanded, very obtuse, 2-3 in., then 4-5
in. across, sometimes even, generally broken up into broad,
scattered, innate, adpressed, spot-like (darker) scales, whitish
or yellow, when old sometimes tawny, sometimes viscid.
Flesh thick, firm, pallid. Gills rounded behind, slightly
adnexed, very broad, plane, crowded, at first pallid, theu
dingy ferruginous. (Fries.)

Pholiota aurivella. Batsch.
Pileus 3-6 in, across, fleshy, campanulate then convex,

220 FUNGUS-FLORA.

gibbous, slightly viscid, tawny-yellow, variegated with
adpressed, darker scales; gills sinuate, adfixed, 2—3 lines
broad, white then straw-colour, finally rusty-umber ; stem
4-6 in. long, |-|- in. thick, almost equal, curved, yellowish,
with scattered, adpressed, rusty-brown floccose squamules,
stuffed, often hollow with age ; ring rather distant, imper-
fect ; spores elliptical, 5 x 2 • 5 //,.

Agaricus aurivellus, Batsch, Consp., f. 115; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 144; Cke., Illustr., pi. 351.

On trunks ; caespitose.

Disc of the pileus compact, when young, and after expan-
sion towards the margin, floccose, rusty-yellow. Gills at
length bay. (Fries.)

The pileus is not so glutinous as in PJwliota adiposa, and
the stem is not viscid. P. spectabilis differs in having the
pileus perfectly dry (not viscid), and in the adnato-decurrent
gills.

Forming small clusters and often solitary. Smell scarcely
noticeable. Stem stuffed, partly rooting, about 3 in. long,
|— | and more thick, almost equal, not attenuated at the
base, but often thickened, comic only curved, covered with
adpressed, floccosely fibrillo,se, brownish-ferruginous tomen-
tum, then almost naked, fibrillose, yellowish. Eing silky
on the margin of the inflexed pileus, submembranaceous on
the stem near to the pileus. Pileus fleshy, campanulate
then convex, disc compact and gibbous after expansion,
3-5 in. broad, moist, scarcely viscid, in the young stage, and
towards the margin when older, with scattered, adpressed,
spot-like darker scales, yellow or ferruginous-yellow. Flesh
of pileus and stem white then yellowish. Gills sinuate,
adnexed, broad, crowded, at first whitish then straw-colour,
at length ferruginous-bay, or almost brown, never with an
olive shade. Spores ferruginous. (Fries.)

Pholiota squarrosa. Mull.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, campanulate then expanded,
often gibbous, dry, yellowish-brown, covered with darker,
innate, squarrose scales ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded,
about 2 lines broad, pallid olive then ferruginous ; stem 3-5
in. long, 3-5 in. thick, slightly attenuated towards the base,
flexuous or ascending, pale tawny-brown and covered with

PHOLIOTA. 221

darker recurved scales as far up as the superior, spreading,
floccose ring, smooth and pale above the ring, stuffed ; spores
ferruginous, 8 X 4 p.

Ayaricus squarrosus, Miill., Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 143 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 144 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 367.

On trunks of trees, on and near stumps, &c.

(Jaespitose; strong smelling, dull orange-ferruginous, some-
times compact, at others thin.

On decaying stumps of various trees, but particularly of
the ash. Growing in tufts, frequently numerous, cap 1-4 in.
across, various in form, but always more or less convex ;
sometimes obtusely umbonate, surface scattered with tufts of
hairs collected into rigid, bristly points, somewhat erect and
revolute, rarely adpressed ; margin rather rounded, often
ragged, from the remains of a part of the veil ; colour rich
brownish or reddish-yellow. Gills numerous, irregular,
rather narrow, pale, with a greenish hue. Stem 3-6 in. high,
thickish, similar in colour to the cap, but darker towards the
base, which is generally attenuated, but sometimes equal ;
rugged, with brown scaly tufts, generally though not always
solid. Veil ragged, brown, surrounding the stem in the
form of a collar, and remaining for a considerable time.
Flesh firm, thick, whitish, often with a tinge of yellow or
green. (Grev.)

Var. Mulleri. Fr.

Pileus obtuse, pallid, adpressedly scaly, moist, gills brown-
ish; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /x.

Agaricus squan'osus, var. Malleri, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 243 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 145 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 471.

On trunks and stumps.

Var. vemiculosus. Lasch.

Pileus compact, obtuse, yellow, crowded with cinnamon
scales and warts ; stem villosely squamose.

Agaricus squarrosus, var. verruculosus, Lasch, n. 353 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 145 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 614.

On trunks.

Var. reflexus. Schaeff., t. 80.

Pileus thin, cuspidately umbonate, piloso-squamose ; stem
rather hollow, long, equal ; ring often rnembranaceous.
At the roots of oak-trees, &c.

222 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Pholiota subsquarrosa. Fr.

Pileus 1|-2| in. across, fleshy, convex, viscid, ferruginous-
brown, with darker, adpressed, floccose scales ; gills slightly
adnexed, crowded, 2-3 lines broad, yellow, then dingy tan ;
stem 2-3 1 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal, stuffed then hollow,
yellow, ornamented with darker subsquarrose scales as high
up as the superior imperfect ring, smooth above the ring.

Agaricus (Pholiota) subsquarrosus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 298 ;
Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 221 ; Fries, Icoues, ii. p. 3, pi. 103 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 145.

On dead wood, also on the ground near trunks.

Subcaespitose, almost inodorous. Stem stuffed (often hollow
when old), 3 in. long, equal, ferruginous-yellow, densely
covered with darker scales that are adpressed or with the
tips free ; even above the annular zone. A distinct ring is
not present. Pileus fleshy, convex, obtuse or gibbous, about
2 in. broad, viscid, brownish-ferruginous. Gills deeply
sinuate behind, emarginate, almost free, crowded, pale at
first, then dingy yellow ; spores ferruginous. (Fries.)

With the habit and general appearance of Pholiota squarrosa,
but known at once by the almost free gills.

f f Gills yellow, then pure ferruginous or tawny.

Pholiota spectabilis. Fr.

Pileus 3—5 in. across, compact, fleshy, convex then ex-
panded, dry, cuticle torn up into silky, fibrillose scales,
bright tawny-orange, becoming paler ; flesh firm, sulphur-
yellow ; stem 3-4 in. long, 1 in. and more at the thickest part,
ventricose below the middle, rather rooting, peronate, yellow
tinged with tawny up to the inferior, ample, persistent,
spreading ring, paler and mealy above ; gills adnato-decurrent,
crowded, rather narrow, yellow then ferruginous; spores
elliptical, ferruginous, 9 x 4 p.

Agaricus (Pholiota) spectabilis, Fries, Blench., p. 28 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 145 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 352.

On stumps. Subcaespitose.

More or less densely caespitose, very compact, in dry
weather shining as if varnished, but not at all viscid.
Stem solid, firm, 3 in. and more long, 1 in. thick, more or less

PHOLIOTA. 223

ventricose and ending in a fusiform rooting base, peronate
from the veil ; sometimes truly glabrous, shining, sometimes
squamulose, sulphur-colour, even and mealy above the in-
ferior, persistent, spreading ring. Pileus fleshy, compact,
hemispherical, obtuse, dry, 2-5 in. broad, torn into adpressed,
innate, similarly coloured squamules, the inflexed margin
continued by the veil. Flesh thick, hard, sulphur-colour,
bitter- aromatic to the taste. Gills adnate, often with a de-
current tooth, closely crowded, narrow, at first pure yellow,
then ferruginous. Distinct and remote from every species,
analogous with Pholiota aurea, but perhaps most nearly allied
to Pholiota radicosa. (Fries.)

Pholiota adiposa. Fr.

Fileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, compact, convex, obtuse, glu-
tinous, yellow, with centrically arranged, superficial, seced-
ing, darker squarrose scales; flesh whitish; gills adnate,
;j-4 lines broad, yellow then ferruginous ; stem 3-6 in. long,
up to | in. thick, subequal, base somewhat bulbous, yellow,
furnished with concentrically-arranged ferruginous, eva-
nescent squamules up to the superior floccose, radiating ring,
stuffed ; spores elliptical, ferruginous, 7 X 3 //,.

Agaricus (Pholiota) adiposus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 242
(not of Batsch) ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 145 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 535.

On trunks. Caespitese.

Distinguished by the glutinous pileus and stem, both of
which are at first covered with ferruginous squamules that
appear to deliquesce in the gluten.

Usually caespitose and forming large clusters. "When well-
developed, very showy, often very large. Stem solid, 3—
G in. long, i-1 in. thick, thickened downwards, compact,
whitish when young, then yellow, viscid, covered with
squarrose, reflexed squamules, that become ferruginous from
the falling spores, at length disappearing, ring for the most
part curtain-like, floccoso- radiating, yellow, at length ferru-
ginous. Pileus fleshy, convex then expanded, rather gib-
bous, 3-7 in. broad, very viscid, dripping gluten in rainy
weather, yellow, at first covered with superficial, floccose
subconcentric, at first adpressed, then squarrose, reflexed
ferruginous squamules, shining in dry weather from the
dried-up gluten. Flesh whitish, compact at the disc. Gills

224 FUNGUS-FLORA.

adnate, slightly rouuded, broad, very entire, pale yellow then
ferruginous. (Fries.)

Pholiota lucifer. Lasch.

Pileus 1-2 \ in. across, fleshy, convex then almost plane,
becoming nmbonate, viscid, covered at first with darker,
ad pressed scales which soon disappear, yellow; gills adfixed,
narrow, crenulate, almost golden yellow, then ferruginous ;
stem 1-2 in. long, equal, rather squamulose, yellowish, base
ferruginous, stuffed ; ring distant.

Agaricus lucifer, Lasch, n. 356 ; Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 222 ;
Krombh., t. 3, f. 2.

On trunks, branches, straw, &c.

Small (2 in. across), much more slender than Pholiota
•adiposa, from which the present is quite distinct.

Pileus yellow, becoming, along with the stem, at length
smooth ; stem ferruginous without and within, fibrillose. I
once found in a pine wood an allied form ; sub terrestrial,
-stem hollow, gills emarginate. (Fries.)

Pholiota flammans. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, convexo-plane, slightly
•umbonate, dry, tawny-yellow, with scattered, minute, pale
yellow squamules ; gills rather rounded or sinuate, adnexed,
crowded, margin entire, yellow then tawny ; stem about
2—2^ in. long, 3 lines thick, equal, rather flexuous, with
.squarrose squamules up to the superior ring, yellow, stuffed
then hollow ; spores elliptical, ferruginous, 8 X 4 /A.

Agaricus (Pholiota} flammans, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 244 ;
€ke., Hdbk., p. 146; Cke., Illustr., pi. 368 (the pale
squamules on the pileus omitted).

On pine trunks and amongst pine leaves.

Subcaespitose. Very elegant. Known by the pale yellow
squamules on the tawny yellow pileus, and the scaly stem.

Stem stuffed then hollow, 3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal,
often flexuous, furnished with deep yellow, crowded, squar-
rose squamules. Ring membranaceous, entire, near to the
pileus, yellow. Pileus fleshy, convex then plane, subum-
bonate, 2-4 in. broad, absolutely dry, tawny-yellow, with
scattered, superficial, squarrose, sulphur-coloured squamules ;
margin at first inflexed, then repand. Flesh thin, yellow,

PHOLIOTA. 225

not hygrophanous. Gills adnate, without a decurrent tooth>
rather thin, crowded, at first bright sulphur-colour, then
ferruginous, edge very entire. The sulphur-coloured scales
on the tawny pileus distinguish this species from every
uther. (Fries.)

Pholiota Junonia. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 i in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, often
gibbous, dry, "even, glabrous, rich yellow or tawny-yellow;
skills adnate, slightly rounded behind, crowded, yellow then
tawny ; stem 2-4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, even,
incurved, yellowish upwards, tawny below, above the rather
large, entire ring, furfuraceous, solid ; spores ferruginous.

Agaricus (Pholiota) Junonius, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 244 ;
( 'ke., Hdbk., p. 146 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 369.

On trunks.

The solitary or subsolitary habit, and smooth stem and
pileus mark the present species.

Stem solid 1^—2 in. long, 3-4 in. thick, equal, firm, in-
curved, often excentric, even (not squamose), yellow ; ring
reflexed, approaching the pileus, above which the stem is
farinaceous. Pileus fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, 2 in.
broad, dry, even, glabrous, yellow; flesh compact, pallid;
gills adnate, crowded, broad in proportion, plane, yellow, at
length ferruginous. Requires to be carefully distinguished
from forms of Flammula Jiybrida with a ring. (Fries.)

Pholiota tuberculosa. Schaeff.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thick, compact, yellow, convex
then flattened, dry, glabrous, at length splitting up into
innate squamules, tawny-yellow, margin paler ; gills sinuate,
adnexed, 2 lines broad, plane, pale yellow then tawny or
spotted with ferruginous, margin serrulate; stem 1-1 \ in.
long, 2-3 lines thick, incurved, more or less bulbous, root-
ing, fibrillose, hollow, the partly membranaceous ring
deciduous, yellowish, base sometimes ferruginous; spores
elliptical, pale ferruginous, 7 x 4 p..

Agaricm (Phollotc?) tuberculosus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 244 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 146; Cke., Illustr., pi. 370A ; Fries, Icones,
ii., p. 4, t. 104, f. 2.

On trunks, chiefly birch.

VOL. II. Q

226 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Solitary. Stem hollow, scarcely exceeding an inch in
length, 2-3 lines thick, base bulbous, incurved, fibrillose,
rather squamulose, often excentric yellow. Eing submem-
branaceous, reflexed, deciduous, hence the species might be
taken for a Flammula. Pileus compact, fleshy, but some-
times thin, slightly convex, soon plane, obtuse, sometimes
depressed, 1-2 in. broad, very dry, tawny-yellow, glabrous,
but broken up into innate adpressed scales. Gills sinuate
behind, crowded, at first yellow, then foxy or ferruginous.
Spores rusty-ochraceous. (Fries.)

Pholiota curvipoda. Alb. & Schw.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, yellowish, convex then
expanded, obtuse, becoming broken up into minute, ad-
pressed, floccose scales, tawny-yellow ; gills broadly adnate,
crowded, 2 lines broad, at first yellowish then tawny ; stem
1—2 in. long, incurved more or less, 1—2 lines thick, fibrillose,
ring floccose, yellow, hollow ; spores ferruginous.

Agaricus curvipes, Albertini & Schweinitz, Consp., p. 471 ;
Fries, Icones, p. 3, pi. 104, f. 3 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 146 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 370B.

On trunks.

Gregarious, subcaespitose, inodorous, very variable. Stem
hollow, 1-2 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, crowded, (rarely
almost straight, as in the fig Icon., pi. 104, f. 3) tough,
fibrillose or slightly squamulose, yellow. Ring rarely
evident, usually consisting of radiating fibrils, soon evanes-
cent ; and hence easily mistaken for a Flammula. Pileus
fleshy, thin, but rather firm and tough, convex then plane,
1—2 in. broad, obtuse, dry, tawny-yellow. Pileus when
young entirely innato-flocculose, then torn into minute
scales. Gills obtusely adnate, crowded, broad behind,
yellow, sides pale, at length tawny. Spores ferruginous.
(Fries.)

Pholiota cruentata. Cke. & Sm.

Pileus about 2 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded,
obtuse, dry, yellow, breaking up into darker adpressed scales,
margin incurved ; gills rather distant, emarginate, 2-3 lines
broad, yellow then tan-colour, finally separating from the
stem ; stem of the same colour as the pileus, curved, 1^-2 in.

PHOLIOTA. 227

long, 3 lines thick at the apex, curved, solid, attenuated at
the base and rooting, dark red-brown and sparsely squamulose
v below ; flesh pale yellow, at length changing to cinnabar
colour ; ring superior, fibrillose.

Agaricus (Pholiota) cruentata, Cooke & Smith, Grev., xiii.
p. 58 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 146 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 502.

On oak stumps, also on burnt ground.

Allied to Pholiota tuberculosa and P. curvipoda, but dis-
tinguished by the rooting dark red-brown base of the stem
and the cinnabar-coloured flesh. Taste insipid.

E* Hygrophani.

Pholiota paxillus. Fr.

Pileus 3-5 in. across, rather compact, gibboso-convex, then
expanded, even, moist, rather repand, dark cinnamon-colour ;
paler when dry ; gills rather decurrent, crowded, broad,
cinnamon ; stem 4-6 in. long, ^ in. and more thick, slightly
attenuated upwards, smooth, even, cinnamon, solid; ring
superior, narrow, spreading.

Agaricus (Pholiota) paxillus, Fries, Epicr., p. 168 ; Bulliard,
Champ. 543, f. 2 : Cke., Hdbk., p. 147.

On trunks.

Solitary. Large, 3-5 in. broad, firm, entirely cinnamon -
colour, pileus moist, becoming pale, silky when dry, at length
depressed towards the centre. (Fries.)

Pholiota dissimulans. B. & Br.

Pileus §-1 in. across, obtusely campanulate, then ex-
panded with the margin involute, and often gibbous or
obtusely umbonate, scarcely viscid, hygrophanous, lurid then
becoming pale ; flesh thin, white ; gills sinuately adnate, at
length decurrent, 2 lines broad, pallid tan ; stem 1^—2 in.
long, 1-1| line thick at the apex, thickened downwards,
white, cottony at the base, hollow ; ring superior, erect,
often persistent, white ; spores elliptical, 7 x 4-4 • 5 p..

Agaricus (Pholiota) dissimulans, Berk. & Broome, Ann. of
Nat. Hist., n. 1940 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 147 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 371.

On fallen sticks.

Q 2

228 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Distinguished by the lurid (dingy brownish-olive), slightly
viscid, glabrous pileus and the straight white stem.

Pholiota Cookei. Fr.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, conical then convex, viscid when
moist, dirty pale yellow or yellowish-white, clad with
scattered, darker, adpressed scales ; flesh thin, white ; gills
adnate, slightly ventricose, 1| in. broad, pale, at length
brown; stem about 2 in. long, and 2 lines thick, equal,
fibrillose up to the very thin, imperfect, superior ring, whitish
upwards, reddish-brown below ; solid ; spores narrowly
elliptic-fusiform, brownish, 6 x 2 • 5 p..

Agaricus (Pholiota) CooJcei, Fries, Grev., vol. v. p. 56, t. 82,
f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 147 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 354.

On the ground amongst grass, &c.

Solitary or in small clusters. Care must be taken not to
confound the present species with some of the terrestrial
species of Flammula. Distinguished from Pholiota terrigena
by the absence of an olivaceous tinge on the gills.

Pholiota confragosa. Fr.

Pileus 1-1^ in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane,
obtuse, hygrophanous, margin striate, rufous-cinnamon,
tawny when dry, at first covered with minute, whitish
floccose squamules, then naked; gills adnate, 1 line broad,
very much crowded, reddish-brown ; stem about 2 in. long,
equal ; below the distant ring obsoletely fibrillosely
peronate, hollow, rufous, spores elliptic-oblong, ferruginous,
8x4/1.

Agaricus (Pholiota^) confragosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 169; Fries,
Icon., ii. p. 4, pi. 105 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 148.

On trunks, &c.

A very distinct and remarkable species. Subcaespitose,
fragile. I have seen two forms : (1) Small (young), stem
1 in. long, 2 lines thick, fibrillosely peronate by the veil and
terminating near the apex in a membranaceous, persistent,
spreading ring, stein above the ring striate, naked. (2)
(Old), stem up to 3 in. long, but hlender, scarcely a line
thick, and like the pileus, naked, ring collapsed. Colour
cinnamon-rufous, tawny when dry. Gills adnate, linear,
very narrow, much crowded, very thin, cinnamon-rufous,
sometimes tinged with purple. (Fries.)

PHOLIOTA. 229

Pholiota mutabilis. Schaeff.

Pileus variable in size, 1-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then
expanded, usually obtusely umbonate, sometimes depressed
round the umbo, glabrous, deep cinnamon-colour, becoming
pale; gills adnato-decurrent, crowded, rather broad, pallid
then cinnamon-colour; stem 1^-4 in. long, rigid, equal,
squarrosely scaly up to the superior membranaceous ring,
brownish below, pale upwards, hollow, often incurved and
ascending ; spores 9-1 1 X 5-6 p..

Agaricus mutabilis, Schaeffer, t. 9; Cke., Hdbk., p. 148;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 355.

On trunks, rarely on the ground.

Caespitose. The pileus is sometimes covered with seceding
scales.

Densely caespitose ; stature various, stem rigid, stuffed
then hollow, about 2-3 in. long, 2 lines and more thick,
equal or attenuated downwards, squarroso-squamulose up
to the ring, blackish-ferruginous or umber below, often
ascending or wavy. Ring membranaceous, minutely scaly out-
side. Pileus rather fleshy, convex then expanded, commonly
obtusely umbonate, sometimes truly depressed, even and
glabrous, but when young sometimes entirely covered with
squamules, about 2 in. broad, hygrophanous, cinnamon when
moist, becoming pale when dry. Gills adnato-decurrent,
crowded, rather broad, pallid then cinnamon. (Fries.)

Pholiota marginata. Batsch.

Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, convex then ex-
panded, moist, hygrophanous, glabrous, margin striate,
honey-colour becoming pale tan when dry ; gills adnate,
crowded, about 1 line broad, watery cinnamon ; stem l|-2 in.
long, 1-2 lines thick, equal or slightly thickened at the base,
soft, not sualy, mealy above the superior, fugacious ring,
pale tan, base darker and surrounded with white down,
hollow ; spores 7-8 X 4 /z.

Agaricus marginatus, IJatsch, f. 207 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 148 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 372.

On trunks, pine leaves, &c. Solitary or gregarious.

Closely allied to Pholiota mutabilis, but constantly diverse,
commonly smaller, solitary or gregarious, rarely caespitose.
{Stem fistuloso, about 2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal, less

230 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

rigid than in P. mutabilis, fibrillose or slightly striate, never
scaly, coloured like the pileus, but brownish at the base and
commonly white and velvety. Ring 1-2 lines from the apex,
often curtain-like and fugacious. Pileus rather fleshy,
convex then expanded, obtuse, 1 in. and more broad, even,
glabrous, hygrophanous, paler than P. mutabilis, honey-
colour when moist, when dry tan-colour. Gills adnate,
crowded, thin, narrow, at first pallid, then obscure cinnamon.
Very variable, and difficult to determine when the veil has
disappeared. (Fries.)

Philiota xmistelina. Fr.

Pileus about | in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then
convex, even, glabrous, dry, tawny-yellow ; gills adnate,
rather distant, about 1 line broad, tawny-cinnamon ; stem
3-1 in. long, not 1 line thick, slightly thickened and
furnished with white down at the base, pallid-whitish,
mealy above the reflexed ring.

Agaricus (Pholiota) mustelinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 169 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 148 ; Cke., Jllustr., pi. 356A.

On stumps.

On pine wood, rare and solitary. Pileus yellow, ochraceous,
scarcely hygrophanous. (Fries.)

Pholiota unicolor. Fl. Dan.

Pileus about | in. across, flesh thin, campanulate, then
convex, slightly umbonate, glabrous, almost even, at length
slightly striate at the margin, hygrophanous, bay, ochraceous
when dry ; gills adnate, seceding, broad, almost triangular,
ochraceous-cinnamon ; stem 1-1 \ in. long, about 1 line
thick, almost glabrous and equal, coloured like the pileus,
stuffed then hollow, often slightly curved at the base; ring
superior, slender, entire; spores 9—10 X 5:/x,.

Agaricus unicolor, Flora Danica, t. 1071, fig. 1 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 149 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 356s.

On trunks, branches, &c.

Subcaespitose. In Cooke's figure quoted above some of the
specimens are 1 in. across, and the gills are adnate with a
distinct decurrent tooth.

Always small, slender, subgregarious. Stem st.ufied then
hollow, H in. long, 1 line thick, equal, even, almost glabrous,

PHOLIOTA. 231

colour of the pileus. Ring membranaceous, entire, very
small, persistent. Pileus fleshy, campanulato-convex, sub-
umbonate, 3-5 lines broad, glabrous, almost even, bay then
ochraceous ; gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, broad, pallid
ochraceous. (Fries.)

C. MUSCIGENL

Pholiota mycenoides. Fr.

Pileus about | in. across, membranaceous, campanulate
then convex, everywhere striate, hygrophanous, ferruginous,
tawny or pale tan when dry ; gills adnate, rather distant,,
narrow, ferruginous; stem about 1^ in. long, 1 line thick,
glabrous, ferruginous, hollow, ring superior, membranaceous,
white ; spores 8-10 x 5-6 p..

Agaricus (Pholiota) mycenoides, Fries, Cke., Hdbk., p. 149 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 503B.

Among moss in swamps, &c.

In swamps amongst turf and sphagnum (with the stem
elongated), gregarious. Very small, slender, ferruginous
when growing, when dry sometimes tawny, at others
becoming pallid, s'tem fistulose about l^in. long, ^ line thick,
filiform, even, glabrous, tawny- ferruginous ; ring membra-
naceous, entire, white, persistent. Pileus membranaceous,
campanulate, soon hemispherical, subobtuse, ^ in. broad,
glabrous, striate, hygrophanous. Gills adnate and with a
decurrent tooth, rather distant, at length plane, ferruginous.
(Fries.)

Pholiota pumila. Fr.

Pileus about \ in. across, rather fleshy, hemispherical,
obtuse, even, hygrophanous, glabrous, ochraceous or rarely
brownish-cinnamon ; flesh dingy ; gills adnate, crowded,
li line broad, pallid-yellowish; stem 1-2 in. long, about
1 line thick, yellow subfibrillose, hollow; ring superior,
floccose, not membranaceous, only forming a zone round the
stem; spores 8-10 x 5-6 /A.

Agaricus (Pholiota) pumila, Fries, Mon., i. p. 321 ; Fries,
Icones, ii. p. 5, pi. 105 (form with brownish-cinnamon
pileus); Cke., Hdbk., p. 149; Cke., Illustr., pi. 503A.

232 FUNGUS-FLORA.

On the ground among grass, moss, &c.

Small, solitary or gregarious, stem obsoletely fistulose,
1-2 in. long, scarcely a line thick, equal, lax, even, glabrous,
yellowish, ring floccose in texture, forming a zone round the
stem, white. Pileus rather fleshy for its size, campanulate
then hemispherical, 4—5 lines hroad, even, glabrous, not
moist. Colour normally ochraceous, but brownish cinnamon
in specimen figured (in Icones, pi. 105, f. 4) ; gills entirely
adnate, at first ascending then plane, crowded, pallid. At
once distinguished from all preceding species by the floccose,
not membranaceous ring. (Fries.)

ACETABULARIA. (Berk.)

Pileus regular; gills free from the stem; stem central;
universal veil present, remaining as a volva at the base of
the stem ; spores tawny or brown.

Acetabularia, Berk., Linn. Journ., xviii., p. 389; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 139.

Locellina, Sacc., Syll., vol v., p. 761.

Analogous with the genus Amanitopsis amongst the Leuco-
tporae.

The present genus was founded — as a subgenus — by
Berkeley for the reception of brown or ochraceous fepored
agarics furnished with a volva, and having free gills. The
genus Locellina, Gillett, founded for the reception of a rusty -
spored species having a univei'sal veil that remains at the
base of the stem as a volva, differs from Acetabularia in
having a secondary veil and adnate gills, nevertheless
Saccardo has made the mistake of sinking Berkeley's genus,
and placing the species in Locellina.

Acetabularia acetabulosa. Berk.

Pileus about 1 in. across, convex, tan -col our, margin
plicate or deeply striate ; flesh very thin ; gills free, but
coming close up to the stem, distant, 1£ line broad, pale
brown; stem about 2 in. long, equal, white, hollow, the
base surrounded by a small, whitish volva.

Agaricus (Acetabularia) acetabulosa, Berk., Linn. Journ., v.
18, p. 389 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 139 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 345 (copied
from Sowerby).

ACETABULAB1A. 233

Agaricus acetabulosus, Sow., pi. 303.

Found near Millbank, Westminster. A little above high-
water mark, in May 1795. This is very like a poor specimen
of Agaricus congregates (Coprinus micaceus), but the pileus is
more plaited. The lamellae are remarkably glandular on
their sides ; and instead of a bare base or foot it stands in a
little socket-like volva. (Sowerby.)

The present species has not been noted since Sowerby's
time, and is a very uncertain production. Judging from
the magnified section of the gills, the glands on their sides
are cystidia.

234 ; FUNGUS-FLOKA.

RHODOSPORAE.

The pale flesh-coloured or salmon-coloured gills is the
distinguishing feature of the present section. The gills, as
in every section of the Agaricinae, are white when young,
the colour presented at maturity being due to the colour of
the spore-wall or epispore, and in the present section, unless
care is taken, many pale-gilled species may be considered as
belonging to the Leucosporae, especially if examined while
still vigorous and growing, but such, when allowed to
remain overnight in a cool place, show clearly the salmon-
coloured gills in the morning.

The spores are in some species elliptical and smooth ; in
others globose or oblong and angularly warted. The pink
colour is evident under the microscope. Cystidia are
present in the hymenium of many species.

The present section is, numerically, the smallest included
in the Agaricinae, and generally speaking, the species are
somewhat rare. The usual sequence of structure is met
with, commencing with stemless, resupinate, minute forms,
passing through types showing decurrent, adnate, sinuate,
adnexed, and free gills respectively. In the high forms
primary or secondary veil is present, hence volvate and
annulate species exist.

ANALYSIS OF THE GENEEA.

A. Gills decurrent.
* Stem excentric or absent.
Claudopus. — Species minute.

** Stem central.

Eccilia. — Pileus umbilicate; stem with a polished carti-
laginous bark.

Clitopilus. — Stem fibrous.

CLAUDOPUS. 235

B. Gills adnate or adnexed.

Leptonia. — Gills adnexed, soon separating from the stem ;
margin of pileus incurved when young.

Nolanea. — Gills adnexed, soon separating from the stem ;
margin of pileus straight when young.

Entoloma. — Gills sinuate, adnexed ; margin of pileus-
incurved when young ; stem fibrous.

C. Gills free from the stem.
Pluteus. — Volva and ring both absent.

(Annular! a. — Stem without a volva, but furnished with
a ring.)

Volvaria. — Stem with a distinct free volva at the base,
ring absent.

CLAUDOPUS. W. G. Sm. (figs. 1-3, p. 236.)

Pileus excentric, lateral, or resupinate; stem very short
entirely absent; gills pink, sinuate or decurrent; spores-
smooth or warted.

Claudopus, Worthington G. Smith, Clavis Agaricin., p. 17;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 138.

The species are minute, and distinguished by the
excentric or resupinate pileus, and rudimentary or obsolete
stem. Agreeing in structure with the degraded forms of
Pleurotus, but distinguished by the pink spores.

Claudopus variabilis. Pers.

Pileus |— | in. across, at first resupinate and fixed by the
pileus, then more or less reflexed and often with a very short
stem-like base, silky with white down, margin incurved,
very thin, often wavy; gills narrow, radiating from the
point of attachment, rather distant, white then pale salmon-
colour ; spores elliptical, smooth, 3 x 2 /*.

Agaricus variabilis, Persoon, Obs., 2, t. v. f. 12 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 138; Cke., Illustr., pi. 344A.

236

FUNGUS-FLORA.

FIGURES ILLUSTRATING THE BHODOSPORAE.

Fig. 1, Claudopus depluens ; a large specimen ; nat. size ; — Fig. 2,
section of same ; nat. size ; — Fig. 3, spores of same ; x 400 ; — Fig. 4,
.Pluteus pellitus and section of same ; nat. size ; — Fig. 5, spores of same ;
X 400 ; — Fig. 6, Nolanea pascua ; half nat. size ; — Fig. 7, section of
same ; half nat. size ;— Fig. 8, spores of same ; x 400 ;— Fig. 9, Volvaria

CLAUDOPUS. 237

On dead wood, branches, &c.

The gills remain for some time white, and is then liable to
be mistaken for a Pleurotus.

Pileus rather fleshy, resupinate then reflexed, furnished
with a short, incurved, villous stem springing from the
centre; when the pileus is reflexed the stem becomes
obliterated. Gills at first radiating from an excentric
point, then meeting at the base, broad, rather distant,
whitish then rubiginous ; often persistently sterile, when the
gills remain white. (Fries.)

Pileus half an inch to above one inch in breadth, round,
or reniform, entire, sessile, resupinate at first, becoming
gradually reflexed, so as ultimately to be only attached by
its side, or obliquely by a small portion of its upper surface;
very thin, membranaceous, delicate, pure white, downy;
flesh almost none. Lamellae rather numerous, narrow, much
accuminated as they approach the margin; at first white,,
gradually changing to a reddish colour tinged with pink,
darkest towards the base, their common point of origin
excentrical. A very variable species, both in size, form, and
mode of attachment. The prevailing characters are mentioned
in the description ; but the mycologist must be prepared to
find it very whimsical. Fries says that it is sometimes
furnished, when young, with a short, central, incurved
stipes, which becomes lateral and obliterated, after the pileus
is reflexed. The substance, delicate texture, and colour, are
constant. (Grev.)

Claudopus depluens. Batsch. (figs. 1-3, p. 236.)

Pileus up to | in. across, almost membranaceous, more or

less convex and with the margin incurved, rather silky,

whitish or with a tinge of red, hoary, either sessile or

usually with a short downy, pale stem ; gills broad, ventri-

rolvacea; showing the large, loose volva at the base of the stem; nat.
size; — Fig. 10, Volvaria temperata, section ; nat. size; — Fig. 11, Clitopilus
prunulu*, section: half nat. size; — Fig. 12, Eccilia carneo-grisea, half
nat. size; — Fig. 13, spores of same; x 400; — Fig. 14, Leptonia aethiops,
half nat. size;— Fig. 15, section of same; half nat. size;— Fig. 16, Ento-
loma prunuloides, portion of section ; half nat. size ; — Fig. 17, Entoloma
placenta, pileus; half nat. size.

238 FUNGUS-FLORA.

cose, crowded, grey then reddish; spores globose, coarsely
nodulose, 5—6 //, diameter.

Agaricus depluem, Batsch, Consp., f. 122; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 139 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 344s.

On the ground, usually attached to moss.

Very variable, sometimes with a central stem. Flesh
thin ; watery, fragile. (Fries.)

Distinguished from C. variabilis by the presence of a stem,
and more especially by the globose, warted spores. Cooke's
figures represent this species growing on wood.

Claudopus byssisedus. Pers.

Pileus up to f in. across, flesh rather thick, resupinate then
horizontal, reniform, plane, downy, grey becoming pale,
margin usually incurved ; stem lateral, very short, incurved,
with white down at the base ; gills adnato-decurrent, rather
broad, grey then with a pink tinge ; spores globose, angularly
warted, 6-7 /*.

Agaricus byssisedus, Persoon, Ic. Descr., t. 14, f. 4; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 139; Cke., Illustr., t. 344c.

On rotten wood, and on the ground.

Distinguished by the grey pileus. resembling somewhat
JPleurotus applicatus, but distinguished by the stem and pink
spores.

Eesupinate when young, stem incurved, villous, attenuated
upwards, more distinct (^ in. long) and persistent than in
Ag. depluens, clothed at the base with white down, exactly as
in Ag. dictyorhizus, with which the present is exactly analo-
gous. Pileus rather fleshy, at length horizontal, reniform,
plane, |-1 in. broad, even, villous, grey, pale when dry,
flesh same colour, thin. Gills adnato-decurrent, ventricose,
rather broad, greyish-white, then reddish from the spores.
(Fries.)

ECCILIA. Fries, (figs. 12, 13, p. 236.)

Pileus thin, at first umbilicate, margin incurved when
young ; gills narrowed behind, truly decurrent, not seceding
when the pileus is much depressed, pinkish or salmon-colour ;
stem central, cartilaginous, tubular (tube stuffed or hollow),

ECCILIA. 239

more or less expanded upwards into the pileus; spores
smooth or warted.

Eccilia (as a subgenus of Agaricus), Fries, Syst. Myo., i.
p. 207.

A small genus, allied to Clitopilus in the decurrent gills.
For distinctive features see under last-named genus.

Corresponding in structure with Omphalia in the Leuco-
sporae.

Eccilia Parkensis. Fr.

Pileus about f in. across, very thin, plano-convex, deeply
umbilicate, very glabrous (not at all fibrillose), striate to the
middle, brown when moist, blackish when dry, not hygro-
phanous; gills decurrent, crowded, distinct, about 1 line
broad, whitish then dingy flesh-colour; stem about £ in.
long, hollow, not 1 line thick, attenuated downwards,
glabrous, not punctate, brown; spores subglobose, coarsely
nodulose, rosy, 8-10 p. diameter.

Agaricus (Eccilia) Parkensis, Fries, in Vet. Ac. Forh., 1852 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 136; Cke., Illustr., pi. 380A.

Grassy places.

A small species. Stem cartilaginous, hollow, scarcely 1 in.
long, not 1 line thick, attenuated downwards, glabrous, not
punctate, fuscous.. Pileus membranaceous, plano-convex,
deeply umbilicate, very glabrous, scarcely 1 in. across, striate
to the middle, fuscous when moist, blackish when dry, but
not at all hygrophanous. Gills about a line broad.

Not easily comparable with any other species. Readily
distinguished from allies by the pileus not becoming pale
when dry. (Fries.)

Eccilia carneo-grisea. B. & Br. (figs. 12, 13, p. 236.)
Pileus f- 1 in. across, convex and umbilicate, finely striate,
greyish flesh-colour, margin darker with micaceous particles ;
flesh very thin ; gills slightly decurrent, distant, rather
undulate, pinkish salmon-colour ; margin irregular, darker ;
stem l|-2 in. long, 1 line thick, slightly thickened and
covered with white down at the base, polished, coloured like
the pileus, hollow ; spores irregularly oblong, nodulose,
7 X 5 /*.

Agaricus (Eccilia') carneo-griseus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.

240 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

(1865), pi. xiii., fig. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 136 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 380s.

Among fir leaves, &c.

Gregarious ; stem sometimes slightly wavy, shining.

Eccilia griseo-rubella. Lasch.

Pileus about 1 in. across, membranaceous, deeply umbili-
cate, at length plane, striate, hygrophanous, umber, hoary
when dry; gills rather broad, slightly decurrent, rather
distant, pallid then salmon-colour; stem H-2 in. long,
equal, smooth, paler than the pileus, hollow ; spores angularly
globose, warted, 9-10 p, diameter.

Agaricus griseo-rubellus, Lasch, in Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 212 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 136 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 613A.

On the ground in pine woods, &c.

Gregarious, inodorous. Stem hollow, 2 in. long, 1 line
thick, equal, even, glabrous, almost naked, colour of the
pileus or a little paler. Pileus membranaceous, deeply
umbilicate, margin at first arched then plane, 1 in. and
more across, striate, hygrophanous, umber or brown when
moist, grey when dry. (Fries.)

Eccilia atrides. Lasch.

Pileus submembranaceous, plane, deeply umbilicate, striate,
black or brown, becoming pale, virgate or finely streaked
with black ; gills deeply decurrent, narrowed behind, rather
crowded, pallid, margin black, minutely toothed; stem
hollow, pallid upwards and dotted with black points.

Agaricus (Eccilia) atrides, Lasch, in Fries, Hym. Eur.,
p. 212; Cke., Hdbk., p. 137.

In moist woods.

A small species, respecting which more information is
desirable. Fries suggests that it may be a modified form of
Leptonia serrulata.

Eccilia nigrella. Pers.

Small, somewhat tufted, pileus smooth, umbilicate, growing
blackish, not punctate with black ; gills flesh-coloured then
somewhat cinereous, with the edge of the same colour ; stem
short, glaucous.

Agaricus nigrella, Persoon, Syn., p. 463 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 137; Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1651.

ECCILIA. 241

In pastures.

United by Fries with Eccilia atrides, but considered distinct
by Berkeley and Broome.

This appears to be quite distinct from E. atrides; the
stein is not nigro-punctate above, nor are the gills nigro-
denticulate. (B. & Br.)

Eccilia rhodocylix. Lasch.

Pileus about £ in. across, very thin, deeply umbilicate
or even infundibuliform, margin reflexed, hygrophanous,
brownish and remotely striate when moist, minutely floccu-
lose and grey when dry ; gills deeply decurrent, very distant,
broad, few, with shorter ones alternating, whitish then
flesh-colour ; stem up to 1 in. long, £ line thick, thickened
upwards, tough, glabrous, grey, stuffed ; spores subglobose,
warted, 10 p. diameter.

Agaricm (Eccilia) rhodocylix, Lasch, no. 567; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 137; Cke., Illustr., pi. 343A.

On rotten trunks, &c.

Distinguished by its habit, and very distant gills.

A remarkable and very distinct species. Stem carti-
laginous, tough, stuffed with soft pith, up to 1 in. long,
-i- line thick, thickened upwards, glabrous, grey; pileus
membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, or almost infundibuli-
form, margin reflexed, about £ in. across, hygrophanous,
brownish and remotely striate when moist, flocculose and
grey or whitish when dry. Gills broad, few, the alternate
ones shorter.

Analogous with OmpJialia umbellifera, but readily dis-
tinguished by the rosy spores. (Fries.)

Eccilia atropuncta. Pers.

Pileus ^-| in. across, rather fleshy, soft, hemispherical,
sometimes slightly umbilicate, smooth, even, pale grey ; gills
decurrent, distant, arcuate, the alternate ones shorter, greyish
flesh-colour; stem about 1| in. long, attenuated downwards,
or sometimes almost equal, rather tough, pallid, shining,
sprinkled with black, point-like squamules, solid ; spores
angularly globose, apiculate, 5-6 p diameter.

Agaricus atro-punctus, Persoon, Syn., p. 353 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 343A; Cke., Hdbk., p. 137.

VOL. II. • R

242 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Amongst moss in woods, &c.

Gregarious, small, pileus i— f in. across. Taste disagree-
able, whole plant brittle, and the pileus inclined to be
somewhat irregular. (W. G. Sm.)

Introduced Species.

Eccilia flosculus. "W. G. Sm.

Pileus about |- in. across, somewhat membranaceous,
pruinose with crystalline particles, deeply umbilicate, some-
what irregular, black-brown, becoming white with age;
gills decurrent, somewhat waved, thick, pink; stem about

tin. long, attenuated downwards, pruinose or innately
brillose, cartilaginous with a fleshy pith, reddish ; spores
nodulose.

Agaricus (Eccilia) flosculus, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot.,
vol. iv., new ser., p. 97, pi. 161, f. 4-9 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 138 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 61 SB.

On the ground at the foot and upon the stems of tree
ferns (Dicksonia antarctica) at Messrs. Veitch's Nursery,
Chelsea, June, 1870. Allied to the next, but a very different
plant; the dark-brown trama and external pruinoso-crystalline
stratum are characteristic. (W. G. Sm.)

Eccilia acus. W. G. Sm.

Pileus up to | in. across, somewhat membranaceous, deeply
umbilicate, densely pruinose, white, margin striate and in-
curved ; gills thick, distant, deeply decurrent, pink ; stem
about 1 in. long, not ^ line thick, cartilaginous, smooth,
whitish ; spores oblong, angular.

Agaricus (Eccilia) acus, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot., vol. iv.,
new ser., p. 97, pi. 161, f. 14-20 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 138 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 61 3c.

Amongst germinating coffee-seeds in cocoanut fibre, Royal
Gardens, Kew.

This interesting and distinct plant was gathered by the
Eev. M. J, Berkeley, in August, 1873, and placed in our
hands for illustration. It differs in its snow-white pruinose
pileus, and in other characters, from all other described
species. Its nearest ally is A. carneo-griseus, B & Br
(W. G. SnO

CLITOPILUS. 243

CLITOPILUS. Fries, (fig. 11, p. 236.)

Pileus more or less excentric or regular, margin at first
involute ; gills more or less decurrent, never sinuate nor
seceding from the stem, salmon-colour ; stem fleshy or fibrous,
not polished and cartilaginous externally, central, expanded
upwards into the flesh of the pileus; spores smooth or
warted.

Clitopilus, Fries, Epicr., p. 148 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 126.

Closely resembling Eccilia, differing mostly in the stem
not being cartilaginous at the surface. Distinguished from
Entoloma by the gills not being sinuate.

Agrees in structure with Clitocybe in the Leucosporae.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

ORCELLI.

Gills deeply decurrent. Pileus irregular, somewhat ex-
centric, or wavy, scarcely hygrophanous, margin at first
flocculose.

SERICELLI.

Gills adnate, slightly decurrent. Pileus regular, silky
or atomate, margin involute, naked.

* OECELLI.

Clitopilus prunulus. Scopoli. (fig. 11, p. 236.)
Pileus 2-4 in. across, truly fleshy, compact, convex then
expanded, at length depressed, wavy or unequal, slightlj-
pruinose, white or rarely greyish ; flesh thick, white, un-
changeable ; gills very decurrent, narrow at both ends, but
especially so behind, slightly crowded, quite entire, white
then flesh-colour; stem solid, firm, somewhat ventricose,
1 in. and more long, about \ in- thick, naked, often striate,
white, base villose ; spores elliptical, smooth, 7-8 X 5 p..

Agaricw prunulus, Scop., Cam., 437 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 126 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 322.

R 2

244: FUNGUS-FLORA.

In woods, &c.

Smell pleasant, resembling new meal. Edible.

Pileus 2-4 inches broad, convex more or less wavy, at
length plane, sub-depressed, very fleshy, white, shining or
opaque, with a slight tendency to cinereous, smooth, but
under a lens minutely though densely tomentose, so that the
impression of the finger is left upon it, margin involute.
Gills decurrent, narrow more or less forked, covered with
very minute conical papillae, ending in four spiculae. Sporules
rose-coloured, elliptic, often seated upon the spiculae. Stem,
in general, short, white, solid, thickest at the base, and downy.
Odour like that of fresh meal. (Berk.)

Clitopilus orcella. Bull.

Pileus up to 3 in. across, flesh thin, soft, plane then de-
pressed, irregularly waved and lobed from the first, slightly
silky, rather viscid when moist, white with a yellowish tinge,
extreme margin usually incurved ; gills deeply decurrent,
crowded, about 1^ line broad, whitish then salmon-colour;
stem under 1 in. long, £ in. and more thick, whitish, slightly
flocculose, usually rather thickened upwards, solid ; spores
elliptical, smooth, 7 X 4 p..

Agaricm orcella, Bulliard, t. 573, f. 1 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 323 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 126.

In open places among grass, &c.

Closely allied to C. prunulus, but distinguished by being
usually smaller, stem shorter, often excentric, attenuated
downwards, flocculose, pileus thinner, piano - depressed,
irregular from the first, silky, rather viscid when moist,
whitish-yellow, often spotted and zoned, margin at length
undulately lobed, flesh soft, unchangeable, gills much crowded.
Smell exactly like that of C. prunulus. (Fries.)

Pileus thin, irregular, depressed in the centre, lobed,
undulated, 2—3 in. broad, clear white, sometimes tinted with
pale brown on its prominences, occasionally with a grey
centre, or slightly zoned with grey ; surface soft and smooth
to the touch, except in wet weather, when it becomes soft
and sticky; flesh soft, colourless, and unchangeable; stem
smooth, white, solid, short, decreasing in size, central when
young, becoming excentric from the pileus growing irregu-
larly ; gills crowded, decurrent, at first nearly white, then

CLITOPILUS. 245

pinkish-grey, at length with a light brown tint ; spores pale
brown, *00035 x '00018 in., odour pleasant; smaller than
Clitopilut prunulus, less fleshy, and grows in more open glades.
(H. G. Bull.)

Clitopilus mundulus. Lasoh.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, somewhat gibbous and
convex when young, margin involute, minutely floccose,
soon expanded and depressed, unequal, wavy and often ex-
centric, even or rivulose ; flesh soft, white, becoming blackish ;
gills very decurrent, very much crowded, narrow, thin, mixed
with numerous shorter ones, pallid ; stem stuffed, about 1 in.
long, 2 lines thick, almost equal, floccosely villose, then
becoming almost glabrous, base truly villose, white ; spores
elliptical, smooth, 10 X 5 /*.

Agaricus mundulus, Lasch, No. 518; Cke., Hdbk., p. 127;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 375A.

In woods, among fallen leaves, &c.

Allied to C. orcella, but evidently distinct. Tough when
young, pallid white, then greyish-spotted, at length blackish.
(Fries.)

Clitopilus cretatus. B. & Br.

Pileus ^-f in. across, at first convex, then umbilicate, of a
dead-white, but shining, membranaceous, margin involute,
not striate ; stem a few lines high, 1 line thick, often curved
at the base and sometimes thickened, tomentose, especially
below, white : gills pale pink, not broad, very decurrent ;
spores subglobose, smooth, 4-5 p. diameter.

Agaricus (Clitopilus) cretatus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
11. 903 (1861) ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 127 ; Cke., Illustr., t. 375u.

On naked soil in woods and pastures.

Solitary or gregarious; mycelium white, floccose; allied
to Clitopilus prunulw, but much smaller and more delicate.

Clitopilus popinalis. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, flaccid, convex then de-
pressed, somewhat wavy, glabrous, opaque, grey, spotted and
ru.irbled ; flesh greyish-white, unchangeable ; gills very de-
current, broader than the thickness of the flesh of the pileus,
lanceolate, crowded, dark grey, at length reddish from the
spores ; stem stuifed, 1-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, often

246 FUNGUS-FLORA.

flexuous, naked, paler than the pileus ; spores subglobose,
slightly angular, 4-5 /x.

Agaricus (Clitopilus) popinalis, Fries, Epicr., p. 149 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 127 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 485.

Among grass, &c.

Solitary or gregarious, smell pleasant, like new meal;
entirely grey. (Fries.)

The pileus is often gibbous, or slightly but broadly umbo-
nate, and with a pinkish-brown tinge.

Clitopilus undatus. Fr.

Pileus 1-1^ in. across, rather fleshy, undulate and often
lobed, sooty-grey with a brown tinge, becoming pale, silky
and opaque when dry ; gills decurrent, thin, not crowded,
dark grey with a pink tinge ; stem about 1 in. long, 2 lines
thick, attenuated towards the base, coloured like the pileus,
hollow ; spores globose, war ted ; 6-8 /x, diameter.

Agaricus ^Clitopilus) undatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 149 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 127 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 486.

Among grass.

Much smaller and slenderer than Clitopilus popinalis ; in-
odorous. Stem entirely fibrous, not cartilaginous, scarcely
1 in. long, often very short, 1 or rarely 2 lines thick, fragile,
unequal, often compressed, slightly attenuated and with
white down at the base ; pileus thin and deeply umbilicate,
sometimes infundibuliform, unequal, undulate, about Ij in.
broad, not striate, becoming pale (not hygrophanous) and
rather silky when dry, opaque, sooty-grey. Gills not crowded,
distinct, 2 lines broad, margin quite entire. (Fries.)

Clitopilus cancrinus. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, thin, almost membranaceous, at
first convex with the margin involute, then almost plane,
very much deformed, at length cracked and broken up on
the surface, not striate, almost glabrous, but without a cuticle,
hence minutely flocculose, not viscid nor zoned, whitish-tan
or entirely white, becoming pale, not hygrophanous ; gills
truly decurrent, distant, distinct, broadest near the stem,
rather thick, arcuate when young, then straight owing to
the expansion of the pileus, white then flesh-colour ; stem
white, stuffed or partly hollow, short, straight or ascending,

CLITOPILUS. 247

round or compressed, scarcely 1 in. long, 1-2 lines thick,
glabrous, base with white down ; spores subglobose, angular,
with an apiculus, 5—6 /x.

Agaricus (Clitopilus) cancrinm, Fries, Epicr., p. 149 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 127 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 501.

Among grass, &c.

Inodorous. A form is figured by Cooke differing from
the typical state in having a longer stem attenuated into a
slender, rooting base.

** SEKICELLI.

Clitopilus carneo-albus. Wither.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, convex then expanded, centre
becoming depressed and the margin drooping, even, polished,
white, the disc becoming usually tinged with rufous ; flesh
thin ; gills slightly decurrent, 1 line broad, crowded, salmon-
colour ; stem 1-1 J in. long, 1 line thick, about equal, solid,
white ; spores globose, nodulose, 7-8 p. diameter.

Agaricus carneo-albus, Withering, Arr., iv. 218 ; (not of
Fries) ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 128 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 324s.

On heaths, &c.

Inodorous ; gregarious. Size and habit very similar to
Eccilia atro-puncta, but the colour is a purer white, and the
gills less decurrent.

In the section given in Cke., Illustr., the stem is repre-
sented as being distinctly hollow.

Clitopilus vilis. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, somewhat membranaceous, convex,
umbilicate, soft, grey, silky-fibrillose when dry, opaque ;
gills slightly decurrent or adnate with a decurrent tooth,
sometimes sinuate, almost triangular, crowded, whitish ; stem
hollow, 2-3 in. long, 1 line or a little more thick, equal, rather
rough, splitting in a fibrillose manner, colour of the pileus,
fibrillosely striate, base white, villous ; spores 7-8 X 6 /A.

Agaricus (Clitopilus) vilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 150 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 128 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 487.

Among grass, moss, &c., in open places.

Resembling a Leptonia in the umbilicate pileus, but known
from that genus by the decurrent gills.

248 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Clitopilus straminipes. Mass.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, almost membranaceous, fragile,
smooth, even, rather shining, whitish, at length expanded
and depressed in the centre ; gills shortly decurrent, scarcely
crowded, whitish then rosy ; stem about 2 in. long 1|- line
thick, equal, smooth, often compressed, straw-colour below,
sprinkled with white meal above, hollow ; spores irregularly
globose, nodulose, 10-12 p. diameter.

Agaricus (Clitopilus) straminipes, Massee, Grev., vol. xvi.
p. 43.

Among grass.

Distinguished by the white, shining pileus and the pale
fetraw-coloured stem.

Clitopilus stilbocephalus. B. & Br.

Pileus §-!TJ- in. across, campanulate, obtuse, or sometimes
slightly umbonate, margin straight, yellowish-white or
greyish, sparkling with atoms, white and rather silky when
dry; flesh rather thick; gills adnate or emarginate and
adnexed, 1|-2J lines broad, veined, salmon-colour ; stem 2-3
in. long, 1J-2 lines thick, nearly equal, silkly fibrous, white,
hollow; spores oblong, apiculate, angularly nodulose, 12 x
7—8 p..

Agaricus (Clitopilus) stilbocephalus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat.
Hist., 1879, p. 205, No. 1758; Cke., Hdbk., p. 128; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 324B.

On the ground.

Distinguished by the pileus being covered with sparkling
atoms, and the large angularly nodulose spores.

The gills are broadly adnate when young, but become
ventricose with age, and then appear to be sinuate and
adnexed. There is in all stages a more or less evident
decurrent tooth.

Clitopilus Smithii. Mass.

Pileus §— 1^ in. across, very soon becoming quite plane and
orbicular, sometimes undulated, flesh rather thick except at
the margin, even, atomate, whitish or with a dingy yellow
tinge; gills broadly adnate with a slight decurrent tooth,
2 lines broad, salmon-colour; stem 2—3 in. long, 1|— 2 lines
thick at the base, tapering very slightly upwards, straight,

LEPTONIA. 24&

but the surface undulated, pallid, with a reddish tinge
below, base white, downy; spores globose, smooth, 4 /*-
diameter.

Agaricus (Clitopilus) stilbocephalus, Berk, (variety), Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 599.

On the ground.

The present species is figured by Cke. from a drawing by
"Worthington G. Smith, as a var. of Clitopilus stillocephalus,
from which it is quite distinct in the plane pileus, coloured^
stem, and quite different spores ; neither does it agree witb
any other known species.

LEPTONIA. Fries, (figs. 14, 15, p. 236.)

Pileus regular, thin, umbilicate, or with a dark disc,
cuticle usually becoming broken up into darker scales or
fibrils, margin at first incurved ; gills adnate or annexed,
but soon separating (or seceding) from the stem ; stem
glabrous, more or less polished, cartilaginous, hollow ; spores
smooth or rough.

Leptonia, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 201 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 129.

Rarely growing on wood, mostly on the ground, some in
dry pastures, others in swampy places. Various tints of
Hue are common, also yellowish green. Distinguished from
Xohtnea by the margin of the pileus being incurved when-
young, also by the umbilicate pileus. Corresponding in
structure to Collybia among the Leucosporae.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

* Gills whitish. Pileus rather fleshy, not striate nor
hygrophanous.

** Gills at first sky-blue, or with a blue tinge.

*** Gills pallid. Pileus becoming pale, yellow or greenish..

**** Gills grey or dusky.

250 FUNGUS-FLORA.

* Gills whitish ; not hygroplianous.

Leptonia placida. Fr.

Pileus 1-1 f in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then convex,
not striate, the blackish disc densely downy, the remainder
covered with blackish fibrils or squamules on a greyish-
white ground, squamules arranged concentrically at last ;
gills adnexed, very broad behind, not ventricose, crowded ;
whitish, as is also the margin ; stem 2-3 in. long, 1| line
thick, equal, very rigid, having white meal at the slightly
thickened apex, and with black points when seen under a
lens, remainder glabrous, even, dark-blue or blackish-blue.

Agaricus (Leptonia) placidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 191 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 129 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 330.

On or near beech trunks, &c.

Leptonia lappula also has black points at the apex of the
stem, but is distinguished from the present species by the
umbilicate pileus.

Leptonia anatina. Lasch.

Pileus 1-lf in. across, campanulate, subumbonate, dark
cinnamon, fibrillose or minutely squamulose ; gills adnexed,
seceding, rather broad, whitish then salmon-colour; stem
1 J in. high, 2-3 lines thick, imperfectly hollow, blue, darkest
towards the smooth, even apex, remainder fibrillose ; spores
elliptic-oblong, smooth, pink, 8 x 5 /A.

Agaricus (Leptonia*) anatina, Lasch, n. 561 ; Fries, Hym.
Eur., p. 201.

On the ground.

Distinguished from L. lappula by the absence of black
points at apex of stem.

Leptonia lappula. Fr.

Pileus about 1J in. across, rather fleshy, convex then
plane, umbilicate, not striate, flocculose when young, then
with erect short fibrils that are crowded in the darker
umbilicus, grey, often with a brown tinge ; gills 2 lines
broad, adnate with a decurrent tooth, separating from the
stem, crowded, whitish, then dingy salmon-colour; stem
about 2 in. long, 1| line thick, slightly striate, brownish-
lilac, apex naked and with black points ; the stem is some-
times blackish-purple.

LEPTONIA. 251

Agaricm (Leptonia) lappula, Fries, Epicr., p. 152; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 129; Fries, Icones, pi. 97, f. 2.

Among beech leaves, &c.

Stem distinctly and widely hollow, H-2 in. long, 1-2 lines
thick, equal, toughish ; striate and blackish punctate at the
apex under a lens, brownish-lilac or dark purple, base with
white down. Pileus slightly fleshy, hemispherical, convex
then plane and umbilicate, 1-1 1 in. broad, not striate, at first
softly flocculose, then with short erect fibrils at maturity,
crowded and blackish at the disc, hence the pileus appears
grey and with black points. Gills at first adnate with a tooth,
usually more or less separating from the stem at maturity,
very broad, crowded, distinct, greyish-white. (Fries.)

Leptonia lampropoda. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded
(not campanulate), obtuse, becoming depressed, almost even
when young, never striate, at length more or less squamu-
lose, mouse-colour or sooty-grey with a blue tinge, becoming
paler but not hygrophanous ; gills adnate, readily seceding
and becoming almost free, ventricose, whitish then rosy;
stem 1-1| in. long, rather thick, up to 2 lines, entirely
cartilaginous, glabrous, even, not punctate upwards, usually
bluish- violet, hollow; spores irregular, 10-11 x 6-7 /*.

Agaricm (Leptonia) lampropus, Fries, Epicr., p. 152; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 129 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 331.

Among grass, &c.

Eesembling L. asprella, but known by the stout stem,
absence of striae on the pileus. also absence of an umbilicus.
(Fries.)

Leptonia aethiops. Fr. (figs. 14, 15, p. 236.)

Pileus J-l in. across, flesh thin, plane then depressed, not

striate, fibrillosely virgate, glabrous, shining, sooty-black,

not hygrophanous, but young specimens are black and

shining when diy; gills adnexed or adnate, straight or

ventricose, whitish, edge same colour and quite entire ; stem

l£-2 in. long, hardly a line thick, glabrous, blackish-brown,

having black points near the top ; spores irregular, 10 X 7 /*.

Agaricus (Leptonia} aethiops, Fries, Epicr., p. 152 ; Cke.,

Hdbk., p. 130 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 332A.

252 FUNGUS-FLOEA.

Among grass, &c.

Distinguished from L. lampropoda by the pileus being
depressed from the first and the slender stem with black
points at its apex. From L. serrulata the present species is
known by the pileus not being umbilicate, the absence of
blue on the gills, &c. (Fries.)

Leptonia solstitialis. Fr.

Pileus up to f in. across, flesh very thin except at the
disc, soon becoming expanded and depresed round a central
papilla or urnbo, rugulose, innately fibrillose, pale brownish
or fawn-colour; gills emarginate, 1J line broad, whitish
with a tinge of pink, margin same colour; stem about 1J
line long, 1 line thick, glabrous, not punctate with black
at the apex, smoky, imperfectly hollow; spores irregular,
12-14 x 7 p.

Agaricus (Leptonia) solstitialis, Fries, Epicr., p. 152 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 130; Cke., Illustr., pi. 332u.

Among grass, &c.

Appears to be a distinct species, marked by absence of a
blue tinge, and in not having the stem spotted with black
points.

** Gills bluish.

Leptonia serrulata. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex, umbilicato-
depressed, not striate, squamulose, at first blackish-blue,
smoke-colour when old, not hygrophanous, shining when
dry ; gills adnate, greyish-white, margin serrulate, black, at
length greyish flesh-colour ; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line
thick, cartilaginous, imperfectly hollow, equal, glabrous,
paler than the pileus, apex with black points, base with
white down ; spores irregular, 12-14 X 6-8 p.

Agaricus (Leptonia) serrulatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 153; Cke.r
Hdbk, p. 130 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 333 ?

Among grass, &c.

Kigid. Stem black or steel-blue, glaucous. Pileus at
first blue-black, without striae, black and shining when
old, but smoky and slightly striate when rnoi*t ; paler and
blackish-virgate when growing in woods. (Fries.)

LEPTONIA. 253

In Cooke's figure, copied from a drawing made by the
Rev. M. J. Berkeley, the pileus is 1-1 £ in. across, umbilicate,
margin vaulted, whitish with a lilac tinge, and slightly
sprinkled with fibrils. Stem 3-4 in. long, 1J line thick,
rather flexuous, whitish with lilac tinge, hollow. Gills
broad, adnate, salmon-colour; spores subglobose, warted,
5-10 p. diameter.

This does not agree with the type form, and may prove to
be distinct.

Leptonia euchroa. Pers.

Pileus about f in. across, rather fleshy, convex, obtuse, not
striate, squamulosely fibrillose, at first violet then smoky-
purple ; gills adnate, very ventricose, plane, dark violet but
becoming pale, the margin remaining dark; stem about
H in. long, 1 line thick, equal, glabrous, naked, even, tough,
dark violet ; spores oblong, coarsely warted, 10 x 7-8 p..

Agaricus euchrous, Persoon, Syn., 343; Cke., Hdbk.,p. 130;
Cke., Illustr., p. 334.

On trunks and branches of hazel, &c.

Solitary or gregarious. Known from L. chalybea and
L. lazulina by growing on wood.

Leptonia chalybea. Pers.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex, somewhat
umbonate, not striate, at first flocculose, then squamulose,
dark violet or blackish-blue ; gills adnate, crowded, broad,
ventricose, greyish- white, margin slightly paler ; stem li-2
in. long, about 1 line thick, cartilaginous, stuffed, ratner
firm, glabrous, even, steel-blue ; spores 10 x 6 p..

Agaricus cJialyleus, Persoon, Syn., p. 343 : Cke., Hdbk., p.
130; Cke., Illustr., pi. 325.

Among grass, &c.

In colour almost resembling L. lampropoda, but very dif-
ferent in structure, stem much more slender, &c.

Distinguished from L. lazulina by the pileus not being
striate, and from L. euchroa by growing on the ground.

Sub-gregarious. Pileus |-1 in. broad, convex, minutely
umbonate, scaly, dark blue or almost black, subcarnose,
slightly carnose on the margin; flesh dark-blue. Gills at
first pale then clouded lightly of the colour of the pileus.

254 FUNGUS-FLOEA.

Sporules rose-coloured, elliptic with a globular nucleus.
Stem 1| in. high, 1 line thick, stuffed, at length hollow,
indigo without, dark within, nearly smooth above, downy at
the base. (Berk.)

Leptonia lazulina. Fr.

Pileus f in. across, submembranaceous, campanulate then
expanded, obtuse, striate, at first glabrous, then becoming
more expanded, obsoletely umbilicate, and torn into squa-
mules, blackish smoke-colour, at first often blackish-blue or
greyish-bay, the disc darker ; gills adnate, seceding, crowded,
pale blue, edge similarly coloured, equally attenuated from
the margin to the stem ; stem about 2 in. long, 1| line thick,
cartilaginous, hollow, glabrous, even, deep blue, base with
white down; spores 10 X 6 p..

Agaricus (Leptonia) lazulinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 153 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 131 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 549.

Among grass, &c.

Gregarious, fragile, about the size of L. asprella.

Allied to Nolanea. There are two forms ; one with the
pileus blackish-blue at first ; the other bay -brown, the disc
darker. (Fries.)

*** Gills pallid.

Leptonia incana. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, somewhat membranaceous, fragile,
convex then expanded, umbilicate, striate, glabrous, brown
and green variegated, silky and becoming greyish when dry;
gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, at length seceding, 2-3
lines broad in the middle, plane, distant, greenish white
then flesh-colour; stem 1-2 in. long, about 1 line thick,
distinctly cartilaginous, even, glabrous, greenish or brownish-
green ; spores irregular, 8 x 9 p..

Agaricus (Leptonia) incanus, Fries, Epicr., p. 154; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 131 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 336.

Among grass, moss, &c.

Elegant, gregarious. Pileus almost plane, the disc rarely
fibrillose, fuscous variegated with green. According to
Secretan, the stem is sometimes bluish.

LEPTONIA. 255

Leptonia chloropolius. Fr.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, membranaceous, convex then
expanded, striate, livid or yellowish-green, the disc with
blackish squamules; gills narrowed behind and adnate,
pallid, then with a salmon-coloured tinge ; stem 2-3 in. long,
1£ line thick nearly equal, even, glabrous, greyish-green,
hollow ; spores elliptic -oblong, rough, 7-8 x 5 p..

Agaricus (Leptonia) cUoropolius, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 297 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 337 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 131.

Among grass in woods, &c.

Similar to L. exilis in colour but differing in important
points, also resembling L. formosa in size and form, but differ-
ing in colour, stem rather firm, rigid, 2-3 in. long, 1 line
thick. Pileus 1 in. across, glabrous except the disc, margin
at first incurved. Gills 2 lines broad, margin similar in
colour. Agreeing in many points with L. asprella, of which
it may possibly be a variety, but the habit is different, and
no transitional forms have been seen, although both species
have been seen in quantities. (Fries.)

Leptonia formosa. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, rather tough, convex
then plane, umbilicate, striate, waxy-yellow, more or less
covered with minute brownish or smoke-coloured, fibrillose
squamules; gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, rather
distant, pale yellow, then flesh-colour, edge quite entire and
similar in colour, stem 2 in. long, about 1 line thick, equal,
even, glabrous, shining, yellow.

Agaricus (Leptonia) formosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 154 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 131.

In woods, especially pine.

Closely allied to L. asprella. The stem is sometimes
brownish or bluish. (Fries.)

Far. suavis, Lasch, no. 285 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 488.

Pileus 1-2| in. across, convex then expanded, umbilicate,
fawn-colour, stem 3-4 in. long, 1-1 1 line thick, equal, pale
greyish-blue, gills broad, adnate, salmon-colour ; spores
subglobose, nodulose, 10 //. diameter.

In swampy places.

It is doubtful whether the type form has occurred in
Britain.

256 FUNGUS-FLORA.

**** Grills grey or dusky.

Leptonia asprella. Fr.

Pileus 1-1 1 in. across, somewhat membranaceous, convex
then expanded, umbilicate, and there obscurely downy then
jsquamulose, sometimes glabrous (except the disc), sometimes
fibrillose, hygrophanous, at first smoke-colour or mouse-
colour, then livid-grey : gills adnate, seceding and becoming-
free, rather distant, plane, equally attenuate from the stem
towards the margin, greyish white, edge quite entire, the
eame colour ; stem 1-2 in. long, not more than 1 line thick,
equal, straight, even, glabrous, cartillaginous, hollow, livid,
fuscous, green and blue mingled, &c., base with white down.

Agaricus (Leptonia) asprellm, Fries, Epicr., p. 154; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 132.

Among grass.

Some specimens have the pileus squamulose everywhere ;
some forms resemble a Nolanea, pileus hemispherical then
campamilate, disc sometimes with a minute depression, some-
times with a papilla. (Fries.)

Leptonia nefrens. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, membranaceous, convex, then plane,
at length infundibuliform, hygrophanous, not striate, slightly
squamulose, often rather wavy, livid-sooty, darkest at the
centre, pale livid when dry ; gills adnexed, soon separating
from the stem, broad, close, pale grey, margin quite entire,
blackish ; stem 1-1^ in. long. 1-1 1 line thick, glabrous, livid-
brown, hollow ; spores elliptical, smooth, 4-5 x 3 /A.

Agaricus (Leptonia) nefrens, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 209 ;
Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 205 ; Cke., Hdbk., 132.

In damp places among grass, &c.

Allied to L. serrulata, but distinguished by the quite
entire margin of the gills, and the absence of black points at
the apex of the stem.

NOLANEA. Fries, (figs. 6-8, p. 236.)

Pileus regular, almost membranaceous, campanulate, more
or less papillate, striate, or even and flocculose, margin at

NOLANEA. 257

first straight and pressed to the stem ; gills adnexed or free,
never decurrent ; stem central, cartilaginous, hollow, the
cavity sometimes filled with a floccose pith; spores with
a pink or salmon tinge.

Nolanea, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 204; Cke., Hdbk., p. 132.

Nolanea corresponds in structure with Psathyrella,
Psathyra, Galera, and Mycena. Allied to Leptonia, but dis-
tinguished by the margin of the pileus being straight and
pressed to the stem when young, and not incurved, and by
the usually papillate or slightly umbonate pileus.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

* Gills grey or with a fuscous tinge. Pileus dark, hygro-
phanous.

** Gills yellowish or with a rufous tinge.

*** Gills pure white, then rosy. Hygrophanous.

**** Gills whitish. Pileus not hygrophanous.

* Gills grey or dusky. Pileus dark, Jiygrophanous.

Nolanea pascua. Pers. ^ (figs. 6-8, p. 236.)

Pileus membranaceous, conical, then more or less ex-
panded, smooth, hygrophanous, f-1 in. high, about the same
across, livid bistre, paler when dry and silky, shining;
gills rather crowded, almost free, salmon-colour, margin
eroded; stem 1-2 in. long, fistulose, fragile, silky-fibrous,
shining, slender, pale ; spores irregularly nodulose, pink,
0-10 /i diam.

Agaricus (Nolanea) pascuus, Pers., Comm. ; Schaeff., t. 229 ;
Cke., Illustr., t. 376.

In pastures.

Inodorous. The above description covers the most general
form, but the species is variable ; sometimes the pileus is
booty and more or less fibrillose, stem bimilarly coloured, and
gills greyish-pink. The distinctly fibrous stem is always
constant, and at once separates this from every other species
of Nolanea.

VOL. n. s

258 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Everywhere in pastures and woods throughout the year,
an exceedingly variable and changeable species, always
watery (moist), very fragile, of a squalid colour, nearest to
Entoloma sericeum. Stem fistulose, soft, usually 2-3 in. long,
1-2 lines thick (sometimes compressed), equal, silky-fibrous,
or fibrillose when adult, striate, usually pale smoke-colour,
not cartilaginous. Pileus membranaceous, somewhat acute,
conical then expanded, but not flattened, usually umbonate,
glabrous, smoky-grey and striate when moist, even, silky-
shining, hoary or fawn-colour, becoming pale when dry;
size very variable, the smaller fortns hardly 1 in. across ;
the larger 2-3 in. broad, undulately lobed in luxuriant indi-
viduals. Gills very much narrowed behind, almost free,
thin, crowded, ventricose, or especially towards the margin,
broader and obtuse, grey or smoky-white, powdered with
the rosy spores, but not tinged rosy. (Fries.)

Pileus 1 in. or more broad, subcarnose, brown, when dry
changing to ochraceous-brown, umbonate, smooth, satiny
not fibrillose, the margin striate when moist. Stem 1 in.
high, stuffed minutely fistulose, when old quite hollow, and
fibrillose within and without, often compressed, paler than
the pileus. Sometimes the pileus is depressed and the gills
appear decurrent. Odour like that of fresh meal. The
above is a description of one state of the species, but it
will not apply universally. The stem is sometimes much
longer, and the gills vary much in shape. It occurs of
various colours, and the form of the pileus is by no means
constant. I have found specimens very much resembling
A. lanuginosus, which though very different from the common
state I imagine to be only a variety. The pileus is conico-
campanulate, umbonate, umber-grey, decidedly silky, the
gills adnate with a distinct tooth, or sub-adnexed, dull
pink with a shade of umber, extreme margin white, scarcely
serrulate. Stem pale, darker below, fibrillose. It has the
same odour. Another form of the species, if not distinct,
has very broad secedento-adnate gills, and a subfibrillose
pileus. I can, however, find no other mark of distinction ;
this also has the mealy odour. (Berk.)

Nolanea Babingtonii. Bloxam.
Pileus about | in. across and a little more in height, flesh

NOLANEA. 259

very thin ; conico-camparmlate, pale grey, shining like silk,
adorned with dark brown fasciculate fibrils which are free
at one end, disc rather squaniulose ; gills adnate, ventri-
cose, distant, grey, darker at the base ; stem about 1 in.
long, not 1 line thick, equal, somewhat strigose and covered
with brown down, hollow, slightly wavy ; spores subglo-
bose or slightly oblong, apiculate, nodulose, 7-8 p. ; cystidia
absent.

Agaricus (Nolanea) Babingtonii, Bloxam, in Berk., Outl.,
p. 148; Cke., Hdbk., p. 133 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 377A.

On the ground.

Berkeley says of the gills — "glistening with the white
antheridia," presumably referring to projecting points in the
hymenium, but I fail to find cystidia in the type specimens.

Nolanea mammosa. Fr.

Pileus i— 1 in. across, flesh very thin, conico-campanulate,
acutely umbonate or papillate, slightly striate, glabrous, pale
brown, pale dingy ochre and silky when dry; gills adnexed,
1 line broad, rather crowded, greyish with a pink tinge at
maturity, separating from the stem ; stem about 2 in. long,
sometimes more, l£ line thick at the apex, thinner down-
wards, rigid, shining, glabrous, fragile, apex powdered with
white meal, hollow ; spores oblong, nodulose, 7-8 X 5-6 //, ;
no cystidia.

Agaricus mammosus, Linneus ; Fries, Spic., p. 7 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 133 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 377s.

Among short grass in open, sunny places.

Pileus tawny brown. Stem elongated, fragile, shining.
(Cooke.)

Nolanea juncea. Fr.

Pileus about f in. across, membranaceous, conical then
expanded, radiately striate, sooty-umber, disc somewhat um-
bilicate or even papillate or umbonate, slightly squamulose ;
gills adnexed, seceding, about 1 line broad, rather distant,
grey then purple-brown; stem 2-3 in. long, 1 line thick,
equal, brown, hollow.

Agaricus (Nolanea) juncea, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 208;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 133 ; Fries, Icon., pi. 99, f. 2.

In swamps among Sphagnum, and in woods.

s 2

260 FUXGUS-FLORA.

Fragile, inodorous. Stem cartilaginous, hollow, slender,
3 in. long, scarcely 1 line thick, equal, even, glabrous,
brown or black, at length livid-brown. Pileus entirely mem-
branaceous, conical then campanulate, cuspidate, not 1 in.
across, striate, hygrophanous, blackish and shining when
old. Gills ascending, adnexed, seceding, rather distant, grey
then rosy. Remarkable for two distinct forms of pileus
being found growing mixed together, one being cuspidate,
the oth^r umbilicate. The i-ame thing is seen in Omphalia
campanella and 0. fibula. A third form has the gills greyish-
brown then purplish. (Fries.)

Nolanea fulvo-strigosa. B. & Br.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, conico-campanulate, subumbonate,
smooth, rugulose, ochraceous with an olive tinge (when
dry) ; flesh very thin ; gills adnexed, rather distant, 1J line
broad, greyish with a flesh-coloured tinge ; stem about 2 in.
long, about 1 line thick, equal, clad with mealy squamules,
hollow, densely strigose at the base with reddish fibrils ;
spores elliptic-oblong, war ted, apiculate at the base, 10 X 6 p. ;
cystidia conical, 45-50 x 7-8 p., rare.

Agaricus (Nolanea) fuh-o-strigosa, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
No. 1650; Oke., Hdbk., p. 134.

On the ground (Maidstone).

Remarkable for the strigose base of the stem, the fibrils
being bright reddish-brown. The paper on which the speci-
mens are preserved is tinged bright rose-colour.

Pileus \ in. across, \ in. high ; stem 2 in. high, about
1 line thick, clothed at the base with rigid red hairs, and
tinted with the same colour above. Spores -0005 long,
•0003 broad. The peculiar character of the strigae separates
this from all other species. (B. & Br.)

'* Gills becoming yellowish or reddish.

Nolanea pisciodora. Cesati.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc,
tnenibranaceous elsewhere, conico-campanulate then convex
or expanded, slightly umbonate, minutely velvety to the
touch, tawny-cinnainon ; gills slightly adnexed, H line

NOLANEA. 261

broad, yellowish then pink, at length with a tawny tinge ;
stem 2-3 in. long, about 1 line thick, tough, nearly or quite
straight, minutely pruinose, chestnut then blackish below,
paler and minutely velvety upwards, indistinctly hollow.

Agaricus pisciodorus, Cesati, in Crypt. Ital., i. p. 61, t. 3,
f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 134 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 378A.

Among leaves in woods, &c.

Smell strong, resembling stinking fish.

Fries considers the present species to be very close to
N. nigripes, having the same smell, and differing only in
colour. Judging from British specimens that agree with
both species respectively, the present may be distinguished
by the velvety feel of the pileus, and the thicker, straight
stem being pale and rather velvetv at the apex.

Speaking at the annual fungus foray meeting of the Wool-
hope Club, Dr. M. C. Cooke made the following remarks
respecting certain species of Nolanea and Naucoria : " There
are three or four closely similar forms to each other which
have hitherto borne distinctive names, but which I am
beginning to think do not deserve that honour. This group
includes, as we know them, Agaricus (Nolanea) pisciodorus,
Cesati ; Ag. (Nolanea) piceus, Kalchbr. ; Ag. (Naucoria)
cucumis, Pers. ; and Ag. (Nolanea) nipripes, Trog."

After an analysis of the specific diagnosis, Dr. Cooke says :
" It must be observed that only one of these forms which
departs from the type in any feature which would warrant
specific distinction is the last [Ag. (Nolanea) piceus, Kalchbr.],
which is the only truly aberrant form, in virtue of the
robust stem, papillate pileus, and emarginate gills."

" If I might venture an opinion, based on the belief that
Ag. cucumis is not really a good Naucoria, but rather a
Nolanea, I should suggest that Agaricus nigripes, pisciodorus,
and cucumis are varieties of one species, call it by whatever
name you please, and that Ag. piceus has distinctive features
which might warrant its retention as a fairly good species.
At any rate, it is an open question, which merits investi-
gation in the light of these suggestions." (Grev., vol. xix.
p. 30.)

The above suggestions have not been adopted in the
present work, notwithstanding the fact that, so far as an
analysis of the respective existing specific characters is con-

262 FUNGUS-FLORA.

cerned, I am quite in harmony with Dr. Cooke's views ; but
at the same time it will, I believe, be conceded that there
are certain specific features that cannot be clearly expressed
in writing, more especially when the points noted are (with
the exception of the spores) what may be termed superficial;
possibly a closer examination, including presence or absence
of cystidia, form of basidia, existence of laticiferous cells or
otherwise, may aid in elucidating this point.

Nolanea nigripes. Trog.

Pileus about 1^ in. across, almost membranaceous, rather
tough, campanulate, obtuse, even, glabrous, 1| in. broad,
brown, covered with yellowish flocculent particles; gills
adnexed then free, ascending, thin, somewhat crowded,
ventricose, yellow then flesh-colour; stem 4—5 in. long,
1 line thick, equal, twisted, rather wavy, glabrous, black,
hollow.

Agaricus nigripes, Trog, in Flora, 1834, p. 527 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 372; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1170A; Fries, Icon., t. 99,

In swampy places.

Odour resembling that of stinking fish.

Nolanea rufo-carnea. Berk.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh very thin, hemispherical,
umbilicate, slightly fibrillose, reddish-brown, margin slightly
striate, gills adnexed, 1| line broad, ventricose, veined, pale
salmon-colour; stem ab"out 2 in. long, 1 line thick, equal,
slightly thickened at the base, pale reddish-brown, paler
above, hollow; spores elliptic-oblong, apiculate, smooth,
9-10 x 6 p. ; no cystidia.

Agaricus (Nolanea) rufo-carneus, Berk., Eng. Flor., vol. v.
p. 81 ; Cke, Hdbk., p. 134 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 378B.

On heaths, &c.

Pileus 1 in. broad, umbilicate, membranaceous, indistinctly
fibrilloso-squamulose, margin striate, dark red-brown ; gills
adnate, ventricose, waved, rose-coloured, slightly connected
and traversed by veins ; sporules elliptic, rose-coloured.
Stem 2|- in. high, 1 line thick, curved at the base, where it
is slightly thickened, pale rufescent, nearly white above,
fistulose, smooth, under a lens minutely fibrillose. Taste
rather bitter. (Berk.)

NOLANEA. 263

Nolanea icterina. Fr.

Pileus i-l£ in. across, rather firm, almost membranaceous,
campanulate, soon convex, often becoming entirely reflexed,
but not umbilicate, undulate and variously formed in
vigorous specimens, glabrous, opaque, hygrophanous, pel-
lucidly striate, yellowish-green, rarely honey-colour with a
tinge of yellow, pale and slightly silky when dry ; disc some-
times obtuse, at others papillate, often brown and with
brown squamules; gills adnexed, seceding, ventricose, dis-
tant, pallid; stem 1-2 in. long, 1 line thick, stuffed, rigid,
the apex only or every part mealy, colour of the pileus or
brown ; spores oblong, nodulose, 11-12 x 8 /n.

Agaricus (Nolanea} icterinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 157 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 134; Cke., Illustr., pi. 338.

Among grass, also in cultivated places.

Usually somewhat caespitose, very variable, stem often
compressed. Gills free, decurrent, anastomosing, &c., be-
coming saffron in decay.

Nolanea subglobosa. A. & S.

Pileus about |- in. across, rather fleshy, hemispherical,
even, rather viscid, yellowish, gills nearly free, 2 lines or
more broad ; rhomboid, convex, flesh-colour with a yellowish
tinge ; stem about li in. long, 1 line thick, equal, longi-
tudinally striate, pale, becoming hollow; spores broadly
elliptical, smooth, pale pink, 9 X 7 p..

Agaricus subglobosus, Albertini and Schweinitz, p. 169 ;
Grev., vol. xvii. p. 38 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 11 70s.

On the ground.

Distinguished by the subglobose, viscid, yellow pileus and
broad gills.

*** Gills ichite, then rosy. Pileus hygrophanous.

Nolanea picea. Kalchbr.

Pileus up to 1| in. broad, rather fleshy, scarcely hygro-
phanous, conical then campanulate, at length expanded,
papillate, even, glabrous, black becoming paler at the margin,
umber when dry ; flesh tinged with umber ; gills adnexed,
ascending, with a short decurrent tooth, rather distant,

264 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

ventricose, 2 lines or more broad, at first pale then flesh
colour; stem 1—2 in. long, 1—2 lines thick, almost equal or
slightly thinner downwards, even, nearly glabrous, pitch-
black, very slightly pruinose, rather tough, not straight,
hollow ; spores elliptical, smooth, 7-8 X 5 p..

Agaricus (Nolanea) piceus, Kalchbr., Icon. Sel. Hym. Hung,,
p. 23, pi. xi., fig. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 135 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 379A.

Among grass.

Smell strong, resembling cucumber or decaying fish.
Allied to N. pisciodora, but distinguished by the glabrous^
pitch-black pileus and stem when moist.

Nolanea infula. Fr.

Bemarkably tough. Pileus up to ^ in. across, membra-
naceous, conical then expanded, with a papilla or wart-like
umbo, shining, almost even, hygrophanous, dark grey when
moist, pale buff when dry ; gills adnexed, not 1 line broad,
closely crowded, snow-white then pink ; stem about 2 in. long,
rigid, glabrous, naked, brown, paler when dry, imperfectly
hollow.

Agaricus infula, Fries, Sp., p. 8; Cke., Hdbk., p. 135;
Fries, Icon., t. 100, f. 1.

On the ground in copses, &c.

Inodorous, sometimes small, with a filiform stem 1 in.
long, sometimes larger and firmer, up to 3 in. high. Stem
always remarkably cartilaginous, very tough, polished,
glabrous, coloured like the pileus, even or slightly striate,
Pileus menibranaceous, tough, conical then expanded, often
deformed in large specimens, centre becoming depressed,
J— 1^ in. across, not striate, glabrous, sooty or brownii-li
fawn-colour when moist, dingy ochraceous when dry, shining
in both stages. Gills variable according to the state of
expansion of the pileus, typically adnexed, or breaking away
and becoming free, size very variable, but clearly distin-
guished from allies by its toughness, polished appearance,
and whiteness of the gills. (Fries.)

Var. versiformis, Fries, Icon., p. 114.

Pileus convex then depressed or even infundibuliform, but
persistently papillate, densely but slightly striate, silkily
shining when dry.

NOLANEA. 265

Nolanea coelestina. Fr.

Pileus up to $ in. across, flesh very thin, campanulate^
obtuse or slightly umbonate, glabrous, margin striate and
often plane or upturned with age, pale blue, disc darker and
rather rough ; gills adnexed, 1^ line broad, rather crowded,
white then with a very slight tinge of pink ; stem 1-1^ in.
long, not a line thick, equal, often incurved at the base, even,
glabrous, dark blue, apex mealy, hollow.

Agaricus (Nolanea) coelestinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 158; Cke.,,
Hdbk., p. 135 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 372u.

On wood, also in pine-woods, &c.

Solitary, inodorous. Stem soon hollow, 1^ in. long,,
scarcely a line thick, thinner upwards, apex with white
meal, rest glabrous, even, blue-black. Pileus thin, campa-
nulate, at length convex, obtuse, virgate, disc scabrid,
blackish, remainder sky-blue, not hygrophanous. Gills-
adnate, ventricose, very broad, greyish- white, margin same
colour. Spores pale rose-colour. A form growing in pine-
woods is slenderer than the form on oak trunks. Very
distinct from all other species of Nolanea. Kesembling
Leptonia in colour, but very distinct in structure. (Fries,)'

Nolanea exilis. Fr.

Pileus up to | in. across, membranaceous, conical then
expanded, striate, glabrous, livid-grey, the darker disc papil-
lose ; gills adnexed, rather crowded, whitish, then with a
tinge of pink ; stem 2-3 in. long, not 1 line thick, tough,
glabrous, greyish-green, apex naked, hollow.

Agaricus (Nolanea) exilis, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 206;
Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 210.

Among grass, leaves, &c.

Allied to N. chloropolia, but more slender and delicate ;
pileus varying on lilac. A variety found among Sphagnum
becomes elongated, and the margin of the gills becomes
brownish. (Fries.)

(a) Among grass under beeches, &c., polymorphous. Stem
hollow, 2—3 in. long, ^ line thick, tough, even, glabrous,
naked, greyish-green ; pileus membranaceous, umbonate,
conical then expanded, £ in. broad, striate when moist, even
when dry (not hygrophanous), with sooty radiating lines
from the dark papilla, the rest livid-greyish or with a lilao

266 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

tinge ; gills adnate, separating readily from the stem, rather
crowded, whitish, edge similarly coloured. (6) Among
grass under pines; stem firmer and more rigid; pileus
slightly striate, 1 in. across when expanded, livid, with black
squamules in the centre ; gills 2 lines broad, (c) In swamps.
Very slender ; stem filiform, weak and flexible, grey ; pileus
very slender, obtuse, greyish brown, then with a lilac tinge,
disc darker, punctiform ; gills adnexed, seceding, margin at
length brownish. Although very slender, not hygrophanous.
(Fries.)

Nolanea verecunda. Fr.

Pileus £ in. across, somewhat membranaceous, disc rather
fleshy, at first somewhat umbonate, then rather obtuse (never
depressed), indistinctly pellucidly striate to the middle when
humid, but the disc is always even, at first sight glabrous,
but when carefully examined seen to be obsoletely silky
towards the flocculose margin ; watery reddish or pallid, not
changing colour when dry ; gills adnate, seceding, rather
thick, distant, distinct, ventricose, segmentoid, 2 lines and
more broad, slightly ascending, whitish, watery; stem
1^-2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, rather firm, somewhat hollow,
cartilaginous, not very rigid, and when rubbed between the
fingers, splitting into fibrils, becoming pale, apex mealy.

Agaricus (Nolanea} verecundus, Fries, Epicr., p. 156; Cke.,
Hdbk., pi. 135 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 340A.

**** Gills whitish. Pileus not hygrophanous.

Nolanea rubida. Berk..

Pileus about ^- in. across, flesh very thin, convex, at length
expanded and umbilicate, minutely silky, whitish-grey then
ruf'escent, even ; gills adnate, attenuated behind, ventricose,
sometimes slightly decurrent, whitish then salmon-colour;
stem about £ in. long, thickest upwards; white, minutely
eilky, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 4-5 x 3 /u, ; no cystidia.

Agaricus rubidus, Berkeley, Mag. Zool. and Bot., vol. i. t.. 2,
f. 2; Cke., Hdbk., p. 135 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 340s.

On soil in hothouses.

ENTOLOMA. 267

Readily distinguished by its small size, and by the white
pileus becoming rufescent with age or on drying. Smell of

meal.

ENTOLOMA. Fries, (figs. 16, 17, p. 236.)

Fileus regular, rather fleshy, margin incurved at first ;
stem central, more or less fibrous ; gills adnexed, sinuate or
rounded behind, often seceding or separating from the stem,
rosy or pale salmon-colour ; spores elliptical and smooth or
subglobose and coarsely warted, rosy or salmon-colour;
cystidia rare ; without a distinct veil.

Entoloma, Fries, Epicr., p. 143 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 118 (as a
subgenus of Agaricusj.

Known amongst the Khodosporae by the sinuate gills.
Corresponding morphologically with the genera Tricholontck,
Hebeloma, and Hypholoma.

Growing on the ground after heavy rains ; many of the
species have a smell resembling meal.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

* GENUIXI.
Pileus glabrous, moist or viscid ; not hygrophanous.

** LEPTONIDEI.

Pileus flocculose or somewhat squamulose ; absolutely dry,
not hygrophanous.

*** NOLANIDEI.

Pileus thin, hygrophanous, somewhat silky when dry;
often undulate and irregular. Eesembling Nolanea, except
in the stem, and differing in the incurved margin of the
pileus.

268 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

* GENUINI.

Entoloma sinuatum. Fr.

Pileus up to 6 in. across, very fleshy, convex then expanded,
gibbous at first, then depressed, yellowish- white ; margin
wavy and sinuate, becoming broken up into squamules when
dry; gills emarginate, slightly adnexed, ^— | in. broad,
crowded, distinct, reddish-yellow; stem solid, firm, stout,
3-6 in. long, 1 in. thick, equal, compact, fibrillose at first,
then glabrous, naked, white.

Agaricus (Entoloma) sinuatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 143 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 310.

Agaricus sinuatus, Bull., Champ., t. 590.

In woods.

Smell strong, pleasant, almost resembling burnt sugar.
The stem is sometimes shorter, as shown in Bulliard's fig.
t. 590. (Fries.)

Some old specimens of this fungus, fully grown, measured
9 to 10 in. across. (Saund. & Sm.)

Entoloma lividum. Bull.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, disc very fleshy, becoming very thin
towards the margin, flesh white, compact, convex then plane,
dry, glabrous, distinctly longitudinally fibrillose, pale livid
tan ; stem about 3 in. long, 1 in. or more thick, almost equal,
glabrous, apex mealy, shining white, imperfectly hollow ;
gills almost free, ruunded behind, 3 lines broad, pallid then
flesh-colour; spores subglobose, coarsely warted, 10-11 //.
diameter.

Agaricus lividus, Bulliard, Champ., t. 382 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 311.

In woods.

Stem rigid externally, stuffed with a spongy pith, slightly
striate, 3 in. long, 1 in. and mere thick, disc of the pileus
compact, 4 in. and more broad, m t wavy. Smell of new
meal, which suggests its being edible, but according to
Quelet, very poisonous. (Fries.)

Var. roseus, Cke. Pileus soon plane, smooth, polished,
whitish-ochre, disc rosy, margin whitish, about 4 in. across,
flesh thick at the disc, gradually becoming thinner to the

ENTOLOMA. 269

almost membranaceous margin, white, compact ; gills very
much rounded behind and almost free, crowded, about 3 lines
broad, pale yellowish flesh-colour ; stem about 2 in. long,
rather swollen at the base and very slightly thinner upwards,
about § in. thick at the apex, whitish, striate, apex slightly
flocculose or mealy, distinctly hollow.

Agaricus (Entoloma) lividus, Fr., var. roseus, Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 119; Cke., Illustr., pi. 469.

On logs.

The present variety differs from the typical form in many
respects, also in habitat, and may eventually prove to be a
distinct species.

Entoloma prunuloides. Fr. (fig. 16, p. 236.)

Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, campanulate then convex,
at length flattened, somewhat umbonate, unequal (but not
wavy), even, viscid, yellowish or livid, margin at length
slightly striate ; gills almost free, emarginate, at first
.slightly adnexed, 3-4 lines broad, crowded, ventricose, white
then pale flesh-colour ; stem 3-3^ in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
equal, even or slightly striate, glabrous, naked, white,
flesh fibrous, solid; spores subglobose, coarsely warted,
10 /x diam.

Agaricus (Entoloma') prunuloides, Fries, Epicr., p. 143 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 119 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 312.

Among moss and grass, &c.

Smell very strong of new meal. The pileus generally
becomes longitudinally cracked.

Smell same as E. prunulum. Resembling E. lividum, but
very distinct, only one-third the size. The pileus varies to
white, yellowish, or pale grey. (Fries.)

Entoloma repandum. Bull.

Pileus 1-1 1 in. across, flesh white, thick at the disc, thin
elsewhere, conical then expanded, umbonate ; usually wavy,
margin incurved, often lobed, somewhat silky when dry,
pale ochraceous, with darker lines ; gills almost free, broadest
in front; 1| line broad, pale salmon-colour; stem 1^-2 in.
long, equal, silky, white, solid; spores globose, warted,
8 p. diameter.

Agaricus (Entoloma) repandus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 120; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 313.

270 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Agaricus repandus, Bull., Champ., t. 423, fig. 2.

Among grass.

Pileus 1—2 in. broad, conic, obtuse, at length expanded,
very fleshy, the margin incurved and lobed, pale whitish-
ochraceous, with a few streaky shades, clothed with a very
close, adpressed indistinct silkiness. Gills pale dull-rose,
broad in front. Spores round, rose-coloured. Stem 1| in.
high, 3 lines thick, white, beautifully adpresso-sericeous,
composed of fibrous cells, distinct from those of the pileus.
Odour like that of fresh meal. My specimens agree precisely
with Bulliard's plant quoted above (Bull., t. 423, f. 2), except
that the colour is not so lively. He says expressly that the
seminal powder is " rougeatre," which can hardly apply to
any species of the subgenus Inocybe. (Berk.)

Entoloma placenta. Fr. (fig. 17, p. 236.)

Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then expanded, orbicular,
even, glabrous, brown, moist in damp weather ; flesh thin,
watery, becoming pale ; gills emarginate, adnexed, crowded,
rather thick, white then pale flesh-colour ; stem 2-3 in. long,
2-3 lines thick, solid, entirely fibrous, equal, fibrillosely
striate, brown.

Agaricus (Entoloma) placenta, Fries, Epicr., p. 144; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 120; Cke., Illustr., p. 314.

In damp places.

Solitary, smell none, taste becoming acrid. Distinguished
by the remarkably flattened, umbonate pileus, usually de-
pressed round the umbo and incurved at the margin. Pileus
and stem brown. Stem fibrous, sometimes twisted. Smell
none, taste becoming acrid.

Entoloma helodes. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, fragile, becoming some-
what plane, umbonate, often depressed round the umbo, even
when moist, glabrous, but often somewhat variegated with
spots, livid-purplish with a smoky tinge ; margin spreading,
sometimes minutely striate ; gills obtusely adnate, or slightly
sinuate, 3 lines broad, distinct, rather distant, white then
pale flesh-colour ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal or
slightly thickened at the base, pallid becoming greyish, with
grey fibrils, fragile, hollow, or rarely stuffed; spores sub-
globose, coarsely warted, 10 /x diam.

ENTOLOMA. 271

Agaricus (Entoloma) Modes, Fries, Epicr., p. 144; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 120 ; Cke., Illustr., pis. 339, 373.

In turfy swamps, &c.

Smell of new meal ; taste watery. Distinguished by the
dark brown pileus, which often shows a purple tinge, and
the subglobose, coarsely warted spores.

Entoloma bulbigermm. B. & Br.

Pileus |-1 in, across, campanulate or hemispherical,
obtuse, minutely tomentosely scaly, shining white, flesh
thin, white; gills slightly adnexed, about l£ line broad,
pinkish salmon-colour; stem 2|— 3 in. long, l£ line thick at
the apex, somewhat bulbous at the base, fibrillose, whitish,
hollow.

Agaricus (Entoloma) bulbigenum, Berk. & Broome, Ann.
Nat. Hist., No. 1937; Cke., Hdbk., p. 120; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 315.

Agaricus sericeus, Persoon, Icon, et Descr., i. t. 6, f. 4.

Ag. (Entoloma)lpersooniana, Ph. & PI., Grev., x. p. 66.

On the ground.

Stem sub-bulbous and solid at the base, hollow above,
rather slender, 2| lines thick, pilose-squamulose ; pileus
shining, silky, convex, obtusely umbonate, white, then
pallid, substance rather fleshy ; fragile ; gills crowded,
2 lines broad, slightly adnexed, fleshy-red. (Persoon.)

The bulb in our plant is much more decided than in
Persoon's figure, having a distinctly abrupt margin, and the
pileus is not so fleshy. The larger angular spores are as
wide as the basidia, and the hymenium abounds with largo
cystidia. Spores, including the angles, '015 mm. (=15 u).
(Phil. & Plow.)

In Cooke's figures the stem is slightly thickened at the
base, and in every example has a small lateral, solid body,
resembling a very young specimen attached to the very base
of the stem.

Entoloma Batschianum. Fr.

Pileus §-l£ in- across, at first slightly convex, soon um-
bonate, then depressed, even, glabrous, viscid, dark brown or
smoky-black, shining when dry, not hygrophanous, margin
distinctly involute at first ; flesh coloured like the pileus,

272 FUNGUS-FLORA.

white when diy ; gills narrowed behind, but the whole
breadth of the gill that reaches the stem is adnate, plane,
crowded when young, rather distant at maturity, stem dingy
white, greyish, or smoky ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2—3 lines thick,
hollow, tough, not cartilaginous, entirely fibrous, equal or
slightly attenuated at both ends, slightly striate with
•adpressed fibrils, grey ; spores subglobose, irregularly nodu-
lose, 9 p. diam.

Agaricus (Entoloma) Batschianus, Fries, Epicr., p. 104;
€ke., Hdbk., p. 120 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 326.

Among grass in damp places, &c.

Inodorous. Pileus sooty or blackish-olive, shining when
dry, not hygrophanous. (Fries.)

Distinguished by the long stem and the small, dark-
coloured discoid pileus.

Entoloma Bloxami. B. & Br.

Pileus 1 in. or more across, campanulate, very obtuse,
moist, of a dark, dingy blue or purple, or sometimes slate-
coloured tinged with lilac, slightly silky, inclined to be
lobed below ; flesh very thick in the centre, white, except
near the edge, where it partakes of the hue of the pileus ;
gills moderately broad, pale pink, attenuated behind or
slightly adnexed ; stem 1J in. high, ^ in. thick, attenuated
upwards, of the same colour as the pileus, solid ; spores sub-
globose with an apiculus, very indistinctly warted, 9-10 p. ;
cystidia absent.

Agaricus (Entoloma) Bloxami, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
n. 677 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 121 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 327.

In pastures.

Pileus 1 in. or more across, campanulate, very obtuse,
moist, of a dark, dingy blue or purple, or sometimes slate-
coloured tinged with lilac, slightly silky, inclined to be
lobed below; flesh very thick in the centre, white, except
near the edge, where it partakes of the hue of the pileus.
Stem li in. high, £ in. thick, attenuated upwards, of the
same colour as the pileus, solid. Gills moderately broad,
pale pink, attenuated behind or slightly adnexed, spores
irregular, subglobose, with a very large globose nucleus.
(B. & Br.)

ENTOLOMA. 273

Entoloma ardosiacum. Bull.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thin, campanulate then
convex and usually more or less umbilicate, even, moist,
steel-blue with a tinge of brown, at length greyish ; gills
slightly adnexed, cut out behind, ventricose, crowded, white
or greyish flesh-colonr ; stem about 3 in. long, 2 lines thick
at the apex, thickened towards the base, glabrous, steel-
blue, base white, hollow ; spores rosy, subglobose, nodulose,
9-10 p. diameter.

Agaricus (Entoloma) ardosiacus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 295 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 121 ; Pke., Illustr., pi. 328.

Agaricus ardosiacus, Bull., Champ., t. 348.

In damp meadows, also under pines.

Size very variable ; somewhat blackish when young.
Eesembling in colour some species of Leptonia. Known
from the remaining blue or grey species by the even, moist
pileus and long stem. A doubtful native. Cooke's figures
are drawn from French specimens.

Entoloma madidum. Fr.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, rather fleshy, campanulate then
convex, even, glabrous, moist and often viscid in rainy
weather, shining when dry, not hygrophanous, when young
blackish-violet, soot -colour when old, margin thin, inflexed,
slightly striate ; gills slightly adnexed, almost free, ven-
tricose, watery and soft, greyish-white ; stem fleshy-fibrous,
hollow, distinctly thickened in a clavate manner below,
2-3 in. long, base 4-5 lines, apex 2-3 lines thick, surface
fibrillose, apex naked, violet except the white base.

Agaricus (Entoloma') madidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 143.

Among moss, heaps of leaves, &c.

The very strong pungent smell, resembling Bussula foeteus,
along with the dark colour of the pileus and stem, readily
stamps this species.

Entoloma liquescens. Cooke.

Pileus l-2i in. across, flesh uniformly thin, convex then
expanded and" almost plane, broadly umbonate, margin very
thin, wavy, smooth, even, ochraceous-yellow, disc rufous ;
gills free, crowded, Ij line broad, thin, white then pale
dingy lilac ; stem 2-3 ill. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, white,

VOL. II. T

274 FUNGUS-FLOE A.

erect, flexible, hollow ; spores subglobose, warted, dirty-
pink, 7-8 p, diameter ; no cystidia.

Agaricus (Entoloma) liquescens, Cke., Hdbk., p. 121 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 581.

On the ground under trees.

A very peculiar species, readily distinguished by the
dingy lilac gills, and subglobose, warted, rosy spores. The
gills deliquesce at maturity like those of Coprinus.

Entoloma ameides. B. & Br.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, broadly campanula te,
often irregular, disc smooth, with whitish flocculent fibrils,
soon becoming glabrous and having a silky lustre, undu-
lating, the margin often splitting, pallid reddish-grey ; gills
deeply rounded behind and slightly adnexed, distant, rugu-
lose, 2 lines broad, pale salmon-colour; stem about 1| in.
long, 2-3 lines thick, solid, whitish, fibrillosely striate above,
downy at the base, apex flocculose, often compressed ; spores
subglobose, coarsely warted, 10 p. diameter ; no cystidia.

Agaricus (Entoloma) ameides, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., n.
999 (1865); Cke., Hdbk., p. 121 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 341.

In pastures.

Pileus 1-2^ in. across, varying from hemispherical in
smaller specimens to campanulate, thin, pale reddish- grey ;
spores rose-coloured, irregular. Large specimens at first
sight closely resemble Hygrophorus ovinus. Smell peculiar,
resembling a mixture of orange-flower water and starch.
The whole plant acquires a reddish tint in drying. (Berk.)

** LEPTONIDEI.

Entoloma Saundersii. Fr.

Pileus 2£-3£ in. across, flesh white, thick at the disc
and gradually becoming thin towards the margin, cam-
panulate then expanded, the more or less lobed margin often
upturned, adpressedly tomentose, white, brownish when old ;
gills sinuate and slightly adnexed, 3-4 lines broad, distant,
salmon-colour ; stem 4-5 in. long, \ in. or more thick, equal
or slightly thickened at the base, firm, smooth, white,
solid.

ENTOLOMA. 275

Agaricus (Entoloma) Saundersii, Fries, Hyin. Eur., p. 192 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 122 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 306.

Agaricus majalis, Saund. and Smith, t. 46.

Growing on the ground in patches.

Ag. majalis differs from this, especially in the slender
stature, fistulose stem, membranaceous pileus, which is cam-
panulate on opening, and cinnamon, and in the gills being
free, crowded, and crenate. (Cooke.)

Entoloma fertilis. Berk.

Pileus 4—6 in. across, flesh white, thick at the disc be-
coming very thin towards the margin, convex then plane,
obtuse, dry, pulverulently scaly, pallid reddish or very pale
reddish-ochre, palest at the margin ; gills slightly adnexed,
rounded behind, rather close, 3-4 lines broad, pale flesh-
colour; stem 4-5 in. long, 1 in. and more thick, almost equal,
except the somewhat bulbous base, fibrillose and somewhat
squamulose, whitish, solid.

Agaricus (Entoloma) fertilis, Berk., Out!., p. 142; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 316.

On the ground in woods.

Smell resembling new meal. The largest of our species
of Entoloma ; distinguished from E. lividus by the pileus
being broken up into pulverulent squamules.

Subgregarious. Pileus 4^ in. broad, expanded, obtuse, some-
what lobed, pulverulento-squamulose, fleshy, dry, pinkish-
buff, with sometimes a tinge of yellow ; gills rose-coloured,
adnexed, nearly free; sporules rose-coloured; stem 2£-3£ in.
high, -2—1 in. thick, stuffed, firm, fibrillose, subsquainulose,
subcompressed, somewhat bulbous at the base, paler than
the pileus. Odour like that of fresh meal. (Berk.)

Entoloma jubatum. Fr.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, campanulate then expanded, um-
bonate, cuticle fibrillose or floccosely-squamulose, mouse-
colour, not hygrophanous ; flesh thin, similar in colour to
the pileus, easily splitting ; gills slightly adnexed, somewhat
emarginate, readily separating from the stem, crowded,
ventricose, at first dark smoke-colour (not greyish-brown)
then pretty smoky-purple ; stem fleshy, fibrous, rigid, fragile,
hollow, 2-3 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, equal, brownish, covered

T 2

276 FUNGUS-FLORA.

with srnoke-coloured fibrils; spores subelliptical, minutely
warted, 10-13 x 6 p.

Agaricus (Entoloma) jnlatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 568 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 123.

Among grass and moss.

Gills becoming purplish. Stem rigid, entirely fibrous, not
shining.

Entoloma resutum. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex, rather obtuse,
brownish, never umbilicate, but the disc darker, everywhere
densely floccosely-scaly, scales sometimes adpretsed and
darker in colour, sometimes almost even and longitudinally
fibrillose ; gills slightly adnexed, very ventricose, about,
2 lines broad, rather crowded, thickish, grey, dark-coloured
from the first; stem 1^—3 in. long, 1^ line thick, entirely
fibrous, equal, externally polished and glabrous, slightly
striate, greyish, stufftd then hollow.

Agaricus (Entoloma) resutus, Fries, Epicr., p. 145; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 318A?

In woods.

Inodorous. In Cooke's figures the gills are clear- pale
flesh-colour, whereas Fries distinctly states, "gills grey
from the first ; " hence Cooke's figures may possibly repre-
sent some other species.

Entoloma griseocyaneum. Fr.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then
convex, obtuse, never depressed, entirely floccosely squamu-
lose, grey or with a lilac tinge, not hygrophanous, gills
adnexed, seceding and becoming free, ventricose, white, then
flesh-colour; stem Ij in. long, 2-3 lines thick, externally
floccosely fibrillose, pallid becoming bluish, at length entirely
white, hollow, not cartilaginous but entirely fibrous.

Agaricus (Entoloma) griseocyaneus, Fries, Epicr., p. 14o ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 123; Cke., Illustr., pi. 318s.

In sunny pastures, &c.

Often associated with species of Leptonia, with which it
agrees in colour, but distinguished by being entirely sofr,
and not cartilaginous. (Fries.)

ENTOLOMA. 277

Entoloma sericellum. Fr.

Pileus |-l£ in. across, flesh thin, white, convex then plane,
obtuse and at length depressed, often irregular, dry, even,
silky, at length almost glabrous, but often s juamulose, white
or yellowish- white ; margin of the pileiis at first incurved
;rnd floccose ; gills at first adnate with a decurrent tooth,
then separating and becoming slightly emarginate, very-
broad, rather distant, white then flesh-colour; stem 1-2 in.
long, 1 Hue thick, equal, fibrillose, white then pallid, at
length somewhat polished and glabrous, imperfectly hollow,
waxy rather than fibrous ; spores subglobose, coarsely warted,
10 p. diam.

Agaricus (Entoloma*) sericellus, Fries, Epicr., p. 196; Cke.,
Jllustr., pi. 307.

Among grass.

A very distinct species, known from E. speculum, the only
other white Entoloma, by its smaller size and silky pileus.

Entoloma Cookei. Ch. Eich.

Pileus §-H in. across, flesh rather thick at the diso, very
thin elsewhere, convex then expanded, margin incurved, pale
reddish-orange or brick-red, everywhere covered with paler
raised ribs, which combine to form an irregularly polygonal
network; gills adnexed, somewhat distant, l^ line broad,
thickish, pale flesh-colour; stem up to 1 in. long, 2 lines
thick, sometimes more, often slightly incurved, pale red,
solid ; flesh, like that of the pileus, more or less tinged rose-
c >lour ; spores globose, minutely echinulate, 8 //, ; cystidia
absent.

Entoloma Cookei, Ch. Eich., Descript. & Dess., p. 559, t. 3,
f. 10-11.

Agaricus (pluteus) phlebophorus, Ditm., var. reticulatus, Cke.,
ILlbk., p. 118; Cke., Illustr., pi. 422n.

On stumps.

Pileus salmon-colour, reticulated with elevated anasto-
mosing ribs, forming deep hexagonal pits; margin incurved;
s:om short, curved. (Cooke.)

Entoloma Thomson!. B. & Br.

Pilens from 1-2 in. across, flesh mottled, rather thick at
(he umbo, thin elsewhere, somewhat convex then expanded,

278 FUNGUS-FLORA.

more or less umbonate, grey, reticulated with raised ribs ;
gills rounded behind and very slightly adnexed, 2 lines
broad, rather distant, flesh-colour ; stem 1^—2 in. long, 2 lines
thick, fibrillose and tomentose, solid, paler than the pileus ;
spores elliptical, smooth, 6 x 3 • 5 /x ; no cystidia.

Agaricus (Entoloma*) Thomsoni, Berk. & Broome, Annals
Nat. Hist., no. 1523; Cke., Hdbk., p. 123; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 374.

Among grass in a plantation.

Distinguished by the raised ribs on the pileus.

Entoloma tortipes. Mass.

Pileus about 3 in. across, at first convex and broadly
umbonate, then expanded and depressed round the umbo,
margin arched, flexuous, even, glabrous, when moist dark
brown, shining, cinnamon when dry and then silky-shining ;
flesh about 1 line thick, dark when moist, paler when dry,
often splitting at the margin ; gills broadly adnate with a
minute sinus, seceding and appearing to be free after the
expansion of the } ileus, thin and soft, crowded, edge entire,
^ in. or more in breadth behind, tapering towards the margin,
pale dingy pink, stem 2-2| in. long, ^ in. thick or more,
flexuous or angularly bent, whitish tinged with cinnamon,
corticated, silky-fibrillose, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth,
5 X 3 p. ; no cystidia.

Among grass. Solitary. Shining as if oiled when moist.
Taste and smell none. Allied to Entoloma clypeata, but
qxiite distinct in the small, smooth, elliptical spores. The
margin of the gills entire.

*** NOLANIDEI.

Entoloma clypeatum. Linn.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, campanulate then expanded, umbo-
nate, glabrous, fragile, lurid when moist, grey with darker
spots or lines when dry; flesh thin, white when dry; gills
rounded behind, slightly adnexed, becoming free, 3-4 lines
broad, ventricojse, rather distant, dingy, then powdered with
red from the spores, margin serrulate, especially behind ;
stem stufied at length hollow, entirely fibrous, 3-4 in. long,

ENTOLOMA. 279

3-4 lines thick, sometimes more, equal, round, fragile, longi-
tudinally fibrillose, grey, powdery at the apex ; spores sub-
globose, nodulose, 9-10 p. diam.

Afjaricus clypealus, Linn., Succ. no. 1216; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 124; Cke., Illustr., pi. 319 (called by mistake Ent.
clypeui).

On the ground among grass, &c., appearing in the spring.

Large, gregarious, lurid and unattractive when growing,
grey and rather shiny when dry, virgate and spotted.
(Fries.)

Entoloma nigrocinnamomeum. Kalchbr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, tough, convex then flat-
tened and depressed round the somewhat prominent umbo,
margin rather incurved, sometimes splitting, even, smooth,
rather silky and shining, umber-brown, becoming blackish ;
gills adnexed, rounded behind, soon seceding from the stem,
3-4 lines broad, rather distant, reddish cinnamon ; stem about
2J in. long, 4 lines thick, fibrillose, usually twisted, greyish
then tinged reddish, distinctly hollow; spores subglobose,
coarsely war ted, 8-9 //, diameter.

Agaricus (Entoloma) nigrocinnamomeus, Kalchbr., Icon.
Hung., t. xi. f. 1 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1153.

In pastures, &c.

Allied to Entoloma clypeatum, but distinguished by the
darker colour of the pileus, the distinctly hollow stem, and
the entire margin of the gills. Smell of new meal.

Entoloma rhodopolium. Fr.

Pileus 2-5 in. across, flesh thin, when young campanulate
then expanded, somewhat umbonate or gibbous, at length
almost plane or sometimes depressed, fibrillose when young,
glabrous when adult, hygrophanous, when moist, brown
(when young), or livid (when old), becoming pale, dingy
pale livid-ochre when dry, silky-shining, margin at first
incurved and undulate in large specimens; flesh white;
gills adnate, seceding, somewhat sinuate, rather distant,
2-4 lines broad, white then rosy ; stem hollow, 2-4 in. long,
3-5 lines thick, equal in small specimens, attenuated upwards
in largo specimens, apex with white meal, rest glabrous,
minutely striate, white.

280 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Agaricus (Entoloma) rliodopolius, Fries, Epicr., p. 147;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 342.

In woods.

Fragile, usually large, and often show}-, almost inodorous.

Pileus l|-2i in. broad, piano-expanded or sub-depressed,
occasionally minutely umbonate, ochraceous with a brownish
tint, the margin sometimes darker and waved, in large
specimens subcarnose, smooth and shining with a satiny
lustre, most minutely silky under a lens, but the silkiness is
quite adpressed. Gills very broad, thick, adnate, more or less
rounded behind, and separating i'rom the stem, covered with
elongated conical processes, surmounted by three divaricate
spiculae. Sporules elliptic, rose-coloured. Stem 2-4 in.
high, 2 lines or more thick, hollow, stringy within or occa-
sionally with transverse imperfect partitions, subflexuous,
pulverulent at the apex, downy at the base, minutely
fibrilloso-striate. Odour strong, sometimes resembling that
of nitric acid, sometimes that of Polyporus sqv.amosus. (Berk.)

Entoloma maj alls. Fr.

Pileus 1^-3 in. across, flesh rather thin, splitting, cam-
panulate then convex, somewhat umbonate, becoming ex-
panded, rather fragile, glabrous, even, more or less cinnamon-
colour, yellowish-ochre when dry, margin wavy, easily
cracking ; gills free, ventricose, crowded, margin crenate,
pallid, becoming rosy flesh-colour from the spores ; stem 3-4
in. long, 2-3 lines thick, slightly thickened below, twisted,
striate, rather fibrillose, whitish, base slightly incrassated,
white and downy.

Agaricus (Entoloma) majalis, Fries, Epicr., p. 147 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 124.

In fir-woods among moss, &c.

Caespitose, large, slender, stems often connate at the base,
hollow. Allied to Nolanea. (Fries.)

Pileus cinnamon-ochraceous when dry. Sowerby's plate
174 is considered a variety of this species, which is a doubtful
native. (Cke.)

Entoloma Wynnei. B. & Br.

Pileus 1-1| in. across, flesh white, very thin except at the
disc, somewhat convex soon becoming plane, more or less

ENTOLOMA. 281

umbonate, ofren wavy, hygrophanous, smoky-grey, velvety
then squaraulose; gills almost free, 2 lines broad, trans-
versely ribbed, pale salmon-colour, margin crenulate ; stem
1^-2 in. long, 2 lines thick, smoky-blue, often compressed,
base cottony, white ; spores elliptic-oblong, apiculate, coarsely
warted, 10-11 X 7-8 /n; no cystidia.

Agaricus (Entoloma') Wynnei, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat.
Hist., no. 1342; Cke., Hdbk., p. 124; Cke., Illustr., pi. 329.

In fir-\voods.

Described as having the odour of bugs. This character,
"long with the hollow stem, distinguishes the present species
from E. Thomsoni.

Entoloma costatum. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thin, greyish, convex,
Imitate, then almost plane, somewhat umbilicate, wavy,
glabrous, hygrophanous, livid-brownish, shining when dry;
i;ills almost free, 2-3 lines broad, with raised veins extending
from the base to the entire margin, somewhat undulating,
pallid ; stem about 2 in. long and 3-4 lines thick, deformed,
somewhat striate, grey, apex with white squamules, hollow.

Agaricus (Entoloma') costatus, Fries, Syst. Myc., p. 206;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 320A.

In damp meadows, &c.

Often densely caespitose, bur, not so every year. Fragile,
smell none. Somewhat resembling E. sericeum, but distin-
guished by its larger size, entire absence of smell, and the
veined gills.

Usually forming large tufts, crowded, very fragile, stem
generally deformed, hollow, 2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, often
compressed, slightly striate, grey, apex powdered with white
meal. Pileus fleshy, membranaceous, convexo-bullate, undu-
lato-deformed, at length almost plane, more or less umbili-
cate, 2-3 in. across, glabrous, livid-fuscous, paler when dry,
often blackish when old ; margin at first incurved ; flesh
thin, splitting, coloured like the pileus. Gills almost free,
very broad, with transverse elevated ribs or veins, undulated,
not serrated, pallid then flesh-colour. Allied to Entoloma
sericea, but inodorous. (Fries.)

Entoloma sericeum. Fr.
Smell strong of mea'. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh

282 FUNGUS-FLORA.

thin, convex, then more or less expanded, often minutely
umbilicate, margin incurved, often rather wavy, hygro-
phanous, brownish when moist; paler, silky, and shining
when dry ; gills rather distant, broad, emarginate and
adnexed, salmon-colour; stem 1— 1|- in. long, equal, hollow,
fibrous, shining, colour of plleus or paler; spores irregu-
larly globose with a long apiculus, 7-8 fj. diam.

Agaricus ( Entoloma) sericeus, Fries, Spic., p. 3 ; Cke.,
Illustr., t. 320 (attachment of gills wrong). .

Among grass in pastures, &c. Somewhat resembling
Nolanea pascua, but distinguished by the strong mealy
odour and broad distant gills cut out behind.

Gregarious, small, but rather firm, odour strong of new
meal, by which the present is distinguished from Ay. pascuus
and other allied species. Stem thin, splitting into fibres, 1—2
in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal or thickened upwards, grey,
fibrillose. Pileus fleshy, membranaceous, convex then plane,
obtuse, rather repand, 1 in. and more broad, even, glabrous,
umber, paler when dry, and silky, margin at first involute,
striate. Gills broadly emarginate, slightly adnexed, hori-
zontal, equally attenuated from the stem to the margin, not
ventricose, grey, then rufescent, sides even. (Fries.)

Entoloma nidorosum. Fr.

Pileus 2—3 in. across, flesh quite thin, convex then ex-
panded, at length often depressed and deformed, cracked,
very fragile, everywhere glabrous, but silky-shining when
diy, greyish fawn-colour when fresh, livid when dry ; gills
emarginate, almost free, 3—4 lines broad, at length distant,
fragile, pallid then pale flesh-colour, sometimes wavy and
undulated ; stem 2-3 lines long, 2-3 lines thick, stuffed,
almost solid, equal throughout, glabrous, even, whitish-pallid,
apex with white meal.

Agaricus (Entoloma) nidorosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 148 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 125; Cke., Illustr., pi. 321.

In woods.

Fragile, smell alkaline, but at times almost inodorous.

With an alkaline smell. Somewhat resembling E. rhodo-
polium, but much more slender, fragile. (Fries.)

Entoloma speculum. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, convex then expanded and sub-

PLUTEUS. 283

depressed, quite glabrous, then incurved, flexuous, hygro-
phanous, pallid when moist, shining white when dry ; gills
emarginate, about 3 lines broad, distant, ventricose, pale
flesh-colour ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal, striate,
very fragile, shinirjg white, hollow; spores subglobose,
nodulose, about 12 p. diam.

Agaricus (Hebeloma) speculum, Fries, Spic., p. 4; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 308.

Among grass and twigs.

Very fragile, somewhat caespitose, inodorous, readily
known by the shining whit© pileus and stem when dry.

Pileus almost membranaceous, pellucid when moist, at
first convex, soon expanded and depressed, but the disc is
mostly obtuse or slightly umbonate, even, very glabrous,
hygrophanous, watery or pale straw-colour when moist,
silvery and polished, but not having a silky appearance
when dry, margin thin, incurved, flexuous, pellucidly striate ;
gills slightly adnexed, broadly emarginate near the stem,
3—4 lines broad, white then flesh-colour, margin entire, with
a brown tinge; stem hollow, 2-3 in. long, 2 lines thick,
glabrous, round when young, then compressed, shining.
(Fries.) »

PLUTEUS. Fries, (figs. 4, 5, p. 236.)

Pileus irregular ; gills free from the stem, rounded behind,
salmon-colour at maturity ; stem central, ring and volva
entirely absent ; spores smooth or warted, pale salmon or
flesh-colour.

Pluteus, Fries, Epicr., p. 140; Cke., Hdbk., p. 114.

The species grow on wood. When young, the gills are
white, then pale salmon-colour or flesh-colour, in some species
with a shade of yellow.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

* Cuticle of pileus furnished with fibrils or down that
eventually disappears.

•* Pileus slightly powdery or atomate.
*** Pileus glabrous, naked.

284 FUNGUS-FLORA.

* Cuticle of pileus fibrillose or floccose.

Pluteus cervinus. Schaeff.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh white, thick at the disc, be-
coming very thin towards the margin, campanulate then
expanded, even, at first glabrous, then becoming broken up
into fibrillose squamules that soon disappear, smoky with a
yellow, brown, or fawn-coloured tinge; gills free, crowded,
2-3 lines broad, white then salmon-colour; stem 2-4 in.
long, ^ in. and more thick, equal, pale with blackish fibrils,
solid; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 7—8 x 5—6; cystidia
ventricose, often spinose at the apex.

Agaricm cervinus, Schaeffer, t. 10; Cke., Hdbk., p. 114;
•Cke., Illustr., pi. 501.

On trunks and stumps.

Solitary. Pileus 2—3 in. broad, carnose, here and there
wrinkled, campanulate, at length more or less plane, umber,
at length dark-brown ; gills free, ventricose, moderately
close, at first white, then rose red. The texture consists of
long cells, and between the asci which cover their surface
under a high power at tolerably regular distances are trans-
parent bodies, longer th^n the asci, ending in two or three
curved spiculae ; spores round, rose-coloured ; stem 3-4 in .
high, firm, thicker at the base, whitish or here and there
of the colour of the pileus, but paler, covered with fine black
.streaks. (Ditm.)

Far. patricius, Schulz., in Kalchbr., Icon. Hung., t. 10,
f. 2; Cke., Hdbk., p. 115; Cke., Illustr., pi. 565.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, whitish, then smoky-grey or fawn-
colour, with umber or cinnamon scales, at length smooth,
si]ky, and shining, and cracked in a radiate manner ; gills
as in the typical form ; stem stout, white, shining ; spores
elliptical, smooth, 8 X 5-6 /*.

On dead logs, stumps, &c.

Far. eximius, Saund. & Smith, Illustr., pi. 38; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 115; Cke., Illustr., pi. 302.

Pileus 4-6 in. across, flesh thick, convex then expanded,
even, covered with a separable cuticle, umber becoming
'reddish ; gills crowded, free, but very close to the stem,
^ in. and more broad, pale salmon-colour ; stein 4 in. long,

PLUTEUS. 285

H in. thick, nearly equal, sulcate upwards, fibrillose, at
length blackish.
Ou sawdust.

Far. Bullii, Berk., MS.; Cke., Hdbk., p. .115 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 357.

Pileus 4-6 in. across, flesh thick, convex then expanded,
smooth, even, pallid, the disc darker ; gills free, rounded
behind, rather distant from the stem, crowded, 4- in. broad,
pale salmon-colour; stem 3—4 in. long, 1 in. and more thick,
slightly swollen at the base, fibrillose, pale brown, darkest
at the base, solid.

On rotten wood.

V<tr. petasatus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 186 ; Cke.,
p. 115 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 303.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh rather thick, campanulate then
expanded, umbonate, greyish white, very smooth, with a
viscid cuticle, at length striate to the middle ; gills free,
-}r in. and more broad, crowded, becoming dry, white then
reddish ; stem 4-5 in. long, l-§ in. thick, rigid, very slightly
and equally attenuated from the base, whitish, fibrillosely
striate, solid.

On heaps of straw and dung, sawdust, &c.

Colour verging on bay when old ; stem and margin of
gills at length with a tawny tinge. (Fries.)

Pluteus umbrosus. Pers.

Pileus 1^— 2Jr in. across, flesh thin, campanulate, becoming
almost plane, at first villose then with raised ridges that
combine and form lacunae, umber-browu, margin fimbriated;
gills free, 2 lines broad, flesh-colour, margin darker, fimbriate;
.stem 2-3 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, about equal, pale, villosely
squamulose, solid, usually curved and ascending ; spores
1 »roadly elliptical, smooth, 6-7 x 5 /x ; cystidia ventricose,
(J5-75 x 18-20 /*.

Agaricus umbrosus, Pers., Ic. Descr., t. 2, f. 5 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 116; Cke., Illustr., pi. 304A.

On trunk of fir and other trees.

Allied to Pluteus cervinus, but distinguished by the downy
pileus with a fimbriate or ciliate margin, and the darker
fimbriate margin of the gills.

286 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Pluteus hispidulus. Fr.

Pileus about ^- in. across, flesh thin, convex then almost
plane, pilose or silky, grey, margin becoming slightly striate
with age ; gills free, rather distant from the stem, 1-1^ line
broad, salmon-colour ; stem 1-2 in. long, 1 line thick, slightly
incrassated at the base, even, glabrous, silvery white, hollow
usually incurved and ascending.

Agaricus (Pluteus) hispidulus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 201 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 116 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 304B.

On beech trunks, &c.

Distinguished by the small size of its grey, silky pileus.
Fries mentions having found this species on the soil of a
plant-pot in a hothouse.

Pluteus ephebius. Fr.

Pileus 1|— 2|- in. across, flesh thin, convex then almost
plane, margin often slightly wavy and naked, the remainder
covered with a bluish or grey down; gills free, rather
distant, 2 lines broad, yellowish salmon-colour ; stem 2-3 in.
long, 2-3 lines thick, about equal, usually curved and as-
cending, whitish or tinged grey, glabrous, slightly striate,
stuffed ; flesh like that of the pileus, white ; spores elliptical,
smooth, 7 x 4 /A.

Agaricus (Pluteus') ephebius, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 238;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 116 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 517.

On trunks, &c.

Fries says the pileus is often brownish-violet. Closely
allied to P. cervinus, but distinguished by the minutely downy
or velvety pileus.

Allied to Pluteus cervinus, but smaller, pileus at first
villose, at length floccose, bluish ; stem also bluish, stuffed,
glabrous, or striate from adpressed fibrils ; margin of pileus
somewhat wavy, but not fimbriate as in P. umbrosus ; margin
of gills coloured like the remainder. (Fries.)

Pluteus salicinus. Pers.

Pileus f-1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then almost plane,
rather umbonate, bluish or with a green tinge, disc darker
and floccosely rugose ; gills free, 1^ line broad, pinkish
salmon-colour ; stem about 1 in. long, 11-2 lines thick, often
curved and ascending, bluish or greenish, then grey or white,
solid.

PLUTEUS. 287

Agaricus salicinus, Pers., Syn., p. 344 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 371 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1169A.

On willow trunks.

Distinguished from P. ephebius by the pileus not being
downy, rather umbonate, and floccosely rugose at the disc.
Fries gives two varieties : —

Var. beryllus, Pers., Syn., p. 334 ; pileus with greenish
streaks. On alder.

Var. floccosa, Karst. ; pileus floccosely squamulose.

Most nearly allied to Pluteus ephebius, but two or three
times smaller. Stem stuffed, 1-2 in. long, 1 line or a little
more thick, equal, fibrillose, fragile, white with a bluish
tinge, or sometimes greenish ; pileus rather fleshy, convex
then plane, somewhat umbonate, 1 in. and more broad,
glabrous, but the disc floccosely rugulose, and darker, grey ;
gills exactly as in P. ephebius, but smaller. Approaching
the genus Leptonia in the dark, rugulose disc. (Fries.)

Pluteus pellitus. Fr. (figs. 4, 5, p. 236.)

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, soft, white, convex then
plane, somewhat umbonate, regular, silky- fibrous, dry, white ;
gills free, rounded behind, crowded, 1^- line broad, ventricose,
white then flesh-colour, margin slightly toothed ; stem about
2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, slightly thickened at the base,
even, glabrous, shining, white, stuffed ; spores elliptical,
smooth, 10 X 6 p..

Pluteus pellitus, Fries, Epicr., p. 141; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 597.

Among grass at the roots of trees, &c.

Our only Pluteus with a pure white, even pileus and stem.
Superficially resembling Entoloma prunuloides, which differs
in the broadly emarginate — not free — gills, and in the strong
smell of new meal.

* Pileus rather mealy or atomate,

Pluteus nanus. Pers.

Pileus 1-1^ in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane, ob-
tuse, umber or smoky brown, rugulose, minutely flocculose or
pruinose ; gills free, but rather close to the stem, li-2 lines

288 FUNGUS-FLORA.

broad, pale salmon-colour; stem 1-lf- in. long, 2 lines thick,
rigid, slightly striate, white, solid ; spores subglobose, echinu-
late, 5-6 yu. diameter.

Agaricus nanus, Persoon, Syn., p. 357 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 116 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 305A.

On stumps, fallen sticks, &c.

Stem solid, 1 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal or slightly
attenuated from the base, and a little dilated at the very
apex, slightly striate, whitish. Flesh of pileus thin but
rather tough, not at all campanulate, but convex then ex-
panded and flattened, obtuse, constant in shape, 1 in. broad,
dry, umber, or the disc darker, usually with prominent
radiating umber-coloured ridges or veins, pileus powdered
with brown meal. Stem and gills sometimes yellowish.
(Fries.)

Far. lutescens, Fr., Hym. Eur., p. 187; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 305B ; size of typical form, but stem and gills, or former
only, yellowish.

Far. major, Cke., Illustr., pi. 305c; larger than the
typical form, pileus even, greyish.

All the forms are distinguished from. P. cervinus and its
varieties by the subglobose warted spores.

Pluteus spilopus. B. & Br.

Pileus 1-lir in. across, convex then expanded, subumbonato,
often with a depression round the umbo, radiately rugnlose,
brown or dark fawn-colour ; flesh thick at the disc, remainder
thin, white ; gills free, 2 lines broad, pale salmon-colour ;
stem li-2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, whitish or faintly
tinged "with fawn-colour and furnished with scattered black
points, solid, incurved; spores subglobose, smooth, 7-8 /n
diameter.

Agaricus (pluteus) spilopus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no.
1856; Cke., Illustr., pi. 325; Cke., Hdbk., p. 117.

On stumps.

Closely allied to both Pluteus nanus and P. cervinus ; dis-
tinguished by the globose smooth spores, and the black spots
on the stem.

Pluteus semibulosus. Lasch.
Pileus about ^ in. across, flesh thin, hemispherical, obtuse,

PLUTEUS. 289

slightly mealy, coarsely striate, white; gills free, narrow,
salmon-colour ; stem about § in. long, somewhat bulbous,
white, rather downy, imperfectly hollow.

Agaricus (Pluteus) semibulbosus, Lasch, in Fries' Epicr.,
p. 141 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 117 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 518.A.

On wood, branches, &c.

Readily known by the fluted pileus and bulbous stem.

Very small, stem minutely fistulose, scarcely exceeding
1 in. long, 1 line or a little more thick, downy, white, base
bulbous. Pileus slightly fleshy, globose then expanded,
usually hemispherical, obtuse, |- in. or a little more broad,
atomately soft (in ours scarcely sulcate), white. Gills free,
crowded, white then flesh-colour, margin similarly coloured.
(Fries.)

*** Pileus glabrous, naked.

Pluteus violarius. Mass.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh thickish, grey ; hemispherical
then nearly plane, even, minutely velvety, watery, dark
purple, disc darkest, margin undulate; gills free, crowded,
about 1 line broad, whitish then bright flesh-colour, margin
serrulate ; stem about 1 in. long, about 1^ line thick at the
base, and gradually attenuated upwards, pale umber and
sprinkled with delicate black fibrils below, whitish upwards,
silkj', hollow; spores subglobose and apiculate, smooth,
5-6 fj. diameter.

Agaricm (Pluteus) violarius, Massee, Grev., xiii. p. 89;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 117; Cke., Illustr., pi. 518s.

On stumps, &c.

Gregarious. Distinguished at once by the minutely vel-
vety purple pileus. Smell none, taste pleasant. The paper
iu which the specimens were dried was stained bright violet.

Pluteus roseoalbus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thickish at the disc, becoming
thin towards the margin, tinged red ; convex then expanded,
even, rosy, margin naked; gills free, rather distant, 2 lines
broad, flesh-colour ; stem 1 J-3 in. long, up to | in. thick,
equal or attenuated, minutely powdered with white meal,

VOL. n. u

290 FUNGUS-FLORA.

solid, flesh tinged with red ; spores globose, slightly angu-
larly warted, 5—6 //, diameter.

Agaricus (Pluteus) roseoalbus, Fries, in Flor. Dan., t. 1679 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 117; Cke., lllustr., pi. 595.

On dead or decaying trunks.

Easily recognised by the rosy flesh-colour of the pileus,
but in other respects very closely related to P. cervinus.
Stem solid, 2-3 in. long, ^ in. thick, slightly thinner upwards
or almost equal, usually curved and ascending, white, and
covered with white meal. Flesh of pileus thin, convex then
expanded, 3 in. broad, obtuse, glabrous, everywhere quite
even. Gills white then flesh-colour. (Fries.)

Pluteus leoninus. Scliaeff".

Pileus 1|-2| in. across, flesh thin ; campanulate then ex-
panded, glabrous, naked, yellow with a tawny tinge, margin
striate ; gills free, 2 lines broad, rather distant, yellowish-
pink ; stem 2-3 in. long, 2 lines or more thick, about equal,
whitish, striate, solid.

Agaricus leoninus, Schaeffer, t. 48; Cke., Hdbk., p. 118;
Cke., lllustr., pi. 421, fig. A.

On trunks.

Gregarious or in small clusters. Distinguished by the
yellow or tawny pileus with a striate margin.

Tall, erect, fragile, often confounded with a yellowish
form of Pluteus nanus. (Fries.)

Var. coccineus, Cke., lllustr., pi. 421s., pileus crimson-
orange or vermilion, base of stem with a few red spots.

The pileus is often subumbonate, both in the typical form
and the variety.

Solitary or siibgregarious, varying much in size and
colour. Pileus 1-3 in. broad, tawny-yellow, shaded with
bright orange, or purplish-brown tinged with yellow, um-
bonate ; flesh thick in the centre, margin thin, firm in the
orange-coloured specimens, covered with a smooth or wrinkled
glutinous epidermis; sometimes pitted round the umbo,
margin more or less striate. Gills rather broad, rounded
behind and in front, flesh coloured, moderately distant,
perfectly free, the edge at first yellowish, afterwards when
drying up orange in the orange variety; I could detect no

PLUTEUS. 291

pellucid processes. Sporules rose-coloured, elliptic. Stein
2-3 in. high, 2-6 lines thick, downy at the base, sometimes
rooting, attenuated upwards, twisted and striate, yellow or
ochraceous shaded with orange, solid, or at length perfectly
hollow, composed of crisp filaments. (Berk.)

Pluteus chrysophaeus. Schaeff.

Pileus l-2£ in. across, flesh very thin except at the
disc, campanulate then expanded, glabrous, naked, slightly
wrinkled, margin striate, cinnamon-colour; gills free, 2-3
lines broad, whitish then pale salmon-colour ; stem 2-3 in.
long, 2-3 lines thick, whitish, glabrous, equal, more or less
hollow.

Agaricus cJirysopliaeus, Schaeffer, t. 253; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 118; Cke., Illustr., pi. 309.

On beech trunks, &c.

Resembling P. leoninus in size, but differing in the
cinnamon-colour of the pileus, which is often obtusely
umbonate.

Pluteus phlebophorus. Ditm.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin ; convex then expanded,
with prominent raised veins, umber, naked, margin not
striate ; gills free, 2 lines broad, white, then pale salmon-
colour ; stem 1-lf in. long, 2 lines thick, incurved, glabrous,
whitish, shining, hollow.

Agaricus phlebophorm, Ditm., in Sturm, t. 15; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 118; Cke., Illustr., pi. 422A.

On trunks, stumps, &c.

Allied to P. nanus, from which it is distinguished by the
distinctly hollow stem and naked pileus, i.e. not pruinose.

Pileus 1-2| in. broad, slightly convex or plane in maturity,
thin for the size of the plant, but rather firm, pleasant
yellowish-brown ; epidermis rugose, the rugae branched like
veins. Gills broad, ventricose, free, white, changing to rose-
colour from the sporules. Stem 2-4 in. high, 3-4 lines thick,
whitish, somewhat twisted, mostly hollow, frequently in-
curved at the base, which is slightly thickened. (Grev.)

u 2

292 FUNGUS-FLORA.

YOLVAEIA. Fries, (figs. 9, 10, p. 236.)

When young, the entire fungus is enclosed in a universal
volva, which at maturity forms a loose, sheathing volva
at the base of the stem ; pileus regular ; stem central ;
secondary veil absent, hence there is no trace of a ring on
the stem ; gills free, pale flesh-colour or pale salmon-colour ;
spores smooth, salmon-colour.

Volvaria, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 277 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 113
(as a subgenus of Agaricus).

Distinguished by the presence of a volva, absence of
ring, and free gills. Volvaria corresponds in structure to
Amanitopsis in the Leucosporae, and to Chitonia in the
Porph y rosporae.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.
* Pileus dry, silky or fibrillose.
** Pileus more or less viscid, smooth.

* Pileus dry, silky or fibrillose.

Volvaria bombycina. Fr.

Pileus 4-8 in. across, flesh rather thin, soft, white, at first
globose, even campanulate, at length convex and somewhat
umbonate, everywhere silky, often squamulose when old,
the disc rarely almost glabrous, everywhere whitish; gills
free, very crowded when young and almost coherent, ventri-
cose, broad, becoming pale flesh-colour ; stem solid, equally
attenuated, 3-6 in. long, \ in. or more thick at the base,
£ven, glabrous, white, volva soon ruptured, large 2—3 in.
across, membranaceous, lax, laciniate, somewhat viscid, per-
sistent ; spores elliptical, smooth, 6-7 X 4 /A ; cystidia absent
or very rare.

Agaricus (Volvaria) bombycinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 138; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 112; Cke., Illustr., pi. 293.

On trunks.

VOLVARIA. 293

Usually solitary, but sometimes truly caespitose, when
young, enclosed in an ovate volva, entirely white. (Fries.)

Sometimes very large, a specimen found on an elm trunk
in Kew Gardens having the following dimensions : pileus
14 in. across when expanded ; stem 8 in. long by 2 in. thick ;
gills 1| in. broad ; weight 2\ Ibs : spores normal size.

Pileus 2 in. or more broad, at first entirely enclosed in a
slimy dark volva, at length protuded, campanulate, dirty-
white, silky with yellowish-white narrow silky scales, and
marked frequently with a few dark blotches, the remains of
the volva; flesh whitish, firm, elastic, margin involute. Gills
numerous, close, ventricose, quite free, not reaching to the
margin, at first white then rose-coloured with a tinge of
yellow, at length deliquescent, tinged with umber. Spores
elliptic. Stem 2| in. high, | in. thick in the centre,
firm, solid, thickest downwards, the tough volva remaining
like a cup at the base. The above description is taken from
a young specimen. When at full maturity the white of
the pileus is purer, and the pileus itself is more expanded.
(Berk.)

Volvaria volvacea. Bull. (fig. 9, p. 236.)

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh white, thick at the disc, very
thin elsewhere, soft, campanulate then expanded, obtuse,
greyish-yellow, virgate or streaked with adpressed blackish
fibrils ; gills free, about 2 lines broad, pale flesh-colour ;
stem 2-1 in. long, about 4 lines thick, almost equal, white,
solid, volva large, loose, whitish; spores smooth, elliptical,
6-8 x 3 -5-4 /A; no cystidia.

Agaricus (Volvaria) volvaceus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 113; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 294.

Agaricus volvaceus, Bull., Champ., t. 262.

On the ground by roadsides, &c., also in stoves.

Allied to V. bombycina, but constantly different in the less
ample and less persistent, brownish volva ; pileus 3 in. across,
rarely more, grey, elegantly virgate with blackish fibrils;
flesh-colour of the gills not so pure. (Fries.)

Volvaria Loveiana. Berk.

Pileus 2-3^ in. across, flesh rather thick but becoming
very thin towards the margin, globose then convex, obtuse,
white, silky ; gills free, about 2 lines broad, pinkish salmon-

294 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

colour ; stem 1 J-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, attenuated
upwards, bulbous, fibrillose, white, solid ; volva with a free
margin, irregularly lobed, whitish ; spores elliptical, smooth,
4-5 x 2 • 5-3 p. ; cystidia absent.

Agaricus (Volvaria) Loveianus, Berk., Outl., t. 7, fig. 2;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 113 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 295.

Eemarkable in its habitat, being parasitic on Clitocybe
nebularis.

Parasitic on half-decayed, and, in general, distorted
specimens of A. nebularis.

Gregarious, subcaespitose. At first it appears like a small
smooth white round Bovista from the size of a pea to an inch
in diameter; it then becomes oblong, and the top of pileus,
which is at that stage flattish, bursts through, forming a
round aperture in the volva, which as the plant is ful]y
developed, is broken into three or four regular laciniae, with
a somewhat wrinkled surface, and the pileus, from subtrun-
cato-globose, becomes convex or slightly expanded, 2^- in.
broad, moderately fleshy and beautifully silky ; white with
a very slight shade of pink or cinereous ; margin involute.
Gills broad in front, quite free, leaving a space round the
stem, not i caching to the margin, subdelisquescent, gradually
assuming a pale pink tinge, under a good lens clothed with
fine minute transparent points like the Coprini.

Spores minute, elliptic, rose-coloured, fetem 2 in. high,
2-3 lines thick, white closely fibrillose with a little matted
tomentum, very juicy, solid, bulbous. Volva pure white,
with a little downy prominence within round the base of
the stem. Taste like that of A. campestris. (Berk.)

Volvaria Taylori. Berk.

Pileus H-2^ in. across, flesh at the disc, becoming thin
towards the margin ; conical and obtuse, then expanded,
livid, margin whitish, minutely striately cracked from the
apex ; gills free, from 1^- up to 4 lines broad, narrowest
behind, pale salmon -colour ; stem about 2 in. long, nearly
equal, smooth, whitish, solid, volva with the free margin
lobed, externally brown, small; spores broadly elliptical,
smooth, 5x3- 5-4 /j. ; cystidia absent.

Agaricus (Volvaria) Taylori, Berk., Outl., p. 140; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 113; Cke., Illustr., pi. 296.

VOLVAKIA. 295

On the ground.

Somewhat resembling F. volvacea, but distinguished by
the paler pileus, the gills much narrowed behind, and
especially by the small brown volva.

Pileus If in. high and broad, beautifully pencilled and
cracked ; margin lobed and sinuated ; stem 2J in. high, ^ in.
tldck, slightly bulbous at the base. Gills uneven. This
beautiful species is described from an excellent drawing by
Mr. M. A. Taylor, and is clearly quite different from every
other species ; the dark volva, campanulate pileus and uneven
attenuated gills are marked characters. The habit is rather
that of some Entoloma than of its more immediate allies.
(B. & Br.)

** Pileus more or less viscid, smooth.

Volvaria speciosa. Fr.

Pileus 3-5 in. across, flesh white, thickish, soft, campanu-
late then expanded, obtuse or slightly umbonate, then ex-
panded ; smooth, even, viscid, disc grey, or entirely whitish ;
gills free, 3 lines broad, narrowest behind, crowded, pale
salmon-colour ; stem 5-8 in. long, up to 1 in. thick at the
swollen base, from which it is attenuated upwards, and about
•.V in. thick at the apex, white, solid, downy ; volva whitish,
margin free, irregular, downy ; spores elliptical or subglobose,
smooth, 14-16 X 8 /A; no cystidia.

Agaricus (Volvaria) speciosus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 278;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 113; Cke., Illustr., pi. 297.

On dung-hills and on the ground.

Distinguished by the whitish viscid pileus, and the downy
volva and stem. Disc of pileus sometimes brownish.

Volvaria gloiocephala. D. C.

Pileus 3-5 in. across, convex then almost plane, umbonate,
glabrous, glutinous, margin slightly striate, smoky -grey ;
gills free but rather close to the stem, 4-G lines broad, slightly
ventricose,not evidently narrowed behind, pale salmon-colour;
stem 4-6 in. long, ^ in. or more thick at the apex, base
thickened, smooth, whitish, becoming brownish, especially
below, solid ; volva whitish, adnate to the base of the stem,

296 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

except a short torn margin; spores elliptical, smooth.,
10-12 X 6-7 p ; cystidia large, elliptical, rare.

Agaricus gloiocephalus, Decand., Fl. Fr., vi. p. 52.

Agaricus (Volvaria) gloiocephala, Cke., Hdbk., p. 113 ; Cke..,
Illustr., pi. 298.

On the ground.

Distinguished by the smoky, glutinous pileus. The
measurement of the spores, as given by Saccardo (19 x 9), is
certainly too large, and is probably an uncorrected error.

Volvaria parvula. Fr.

Pileus J-l in. across, slightly fleshy, conical then campanu-
late, at length plane and umbonate, dry, silky, white, umbo
generally darker; gills free, crowded, clear pale flesh-colour;
stem stuffed with a distinct pith, becoming hollow, 1—1^ in.
long, 1—2 lines thick, equal, silky, white, base villous ; volva
minute but lax, usually regularly 3-4-partite ; spores broadly
elliptical, smooth, 5 x 3 • 5 p ; no cystidea.

Agaricus parvulus, Fries, Epicr., p. 139 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 114 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 300e.

In gardens and greenhouses.

Gregarious ; smaller than V. media.

Var. biloba. Entirely white when young, gills becoming
whitish flesh-colour ; stem stuffed, never fistulose, 1 in. long,
1 line thick, equal, pubescent, sheathed with a bilobed volva
that is externally adpressedly silky. Pileus conical when
young, 3-4 lines high, dry, and sometimes floccosely-
squanmlose.

Volvaria media. Schum.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, white;
campanulato-convex, then almost plane, umbonate, or obtuse-,
viscid, white, the disc usually tinged brownish, silky when
dry ; gills free, about 2 lines broad, slightly ventricose, pale
salmon-colour ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2-3 lines thick,
equal, glabrous, white, solid; volva sheathing, margin lobed,
tinged brownish ; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 5 X 3 • 5 //. ;
cystidia absent.

Agaricus medius, Schum., Saell., p. 248.

Agaricus (Volvaria) medius, Cke., Hdbk., p. 114; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 299.

VOLVARIA. 297

In pastures, also in pine and beech woods.

Intermediate in bize between V. speciosa and F. parvula.
Differs from the former in the glabrous stem and volva ; and
from the latter in the solid stem.

Allied to F. speciosa, but much smaller and entirely white.
Stem scarcely 2 in. long, glabrous. Pileus thin, 1-1 1 in.
across. Quite distinct from F. parvula, with which it is
frequently confounded, in the solid, glabrous stem, and the
viscid, convexo-plane pileus. Gills pretty rosy flesh-colour.
(Fries.)

Varying greatly in size and form, from \ in. to 2 in. or
more broad, subcarnose or submembranaceous, plane, sub-
hemispherical or subcampanulate,subumbonate, silky, slightly
viscid, white with a brownish or yellowish tinge in the
centre. Gills rather thick, broad, quite free, projecting in
the young state beyond the edge of the pileus, often rugged,
when old rose-coloured, sub-elliptic. Stem nearly equal or
slightly thickened below, 1-2 in. high, 2 lines or more
thick, nearly smooth, silky under a lens, solid, juicy, fur-
nished at the base with a volva divided into 3 or more lobes,
vaginate and close or slightly spreading, nearly smooth and
white, or furnished with small flat brownish scales, sometimes
entirely dark brown. (Berk.)

Volvaria temperata. Berk. (fig. 10, p. 236.)

Pileus about | in. across, flesh very thin, convex then ex-
panded, umbonate, disc very pale tawny, margin whitish and
striate, pulverulent ; gills free, nearly 1 line broad, ventri-
cose, pale salmon-colour ; stem up to 1 in. long, \ line thick,
whitish, minutely fistulose ; volva large in proportion, free,
margin lobed, tinged with brown ; spores elliptical, smooth^
4 x 2 • 5 fji ; cystidia absent.

Agaricus (Volvaria) temperalus, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat.
Hist., no. 1757 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 114; Cke., lllustr., pi. 300A.

On soil in greenhouses, &c.

Readily distinguished by its very small size.

298 FUNGUS-FLORA.

LEUCOSPORAE.

Spores typically white, although in some species there is a
more or less decided, but very faint tinge of yellow or pink.
The commonest spore form is elliptical, and with a smooth
epispore, although in the genera Lactarius, Eussula, and
Laccaria, the spores are subglobose and minutely warted or
echinulate. The present section contains more species than
all the other sections of the Agaricinae added together, and
as would be expected, presents the most complete sequence
in the differentiation of the sporophore. Lenzites, with its
corky pileus and gills, connects with Polyporeae through
Daedalea. The genera characterized by a tough, leathery
pileus that dries up and becomes rigid and persistent, as
Panus, Lentinus, &c., are but scantily represented in Britain,
or even in Europe, but on the other hand, are more numerous
in the tropics than the fleshy, putrescent genera, which
attain their maximum, both in development and numbers,
in the north temperate zone.

ANALYSIS OF THE GENERA.

I. SCHIZOPHYLLAE.

Margin of gills longitudinally split or canaliculate.

Schizophyllum.— Margin of gills split, the two portions
revolute.

Trogia. — Gills resembling wrinkles or folds, edge groved.
(The single British species does not show the groove
along the margin of the gills.)

II. HAPLOPHYLLAE.

Margin of gills not longitudinally split nor grooved.

A. TENACES. Coriaceous, corky, or .woody, persistent,
rigid when dry ; gills more or less decurrent.

LEUCOSPOEAE. 299

Lenzites. — Horizontal, sessile, woody or corky; gills
radiating.

Xerotus. — Pileus coriaceous ; gills forking, margin thick.

Panus.— Pileus coriaceous; gills dry, decurrent, margin
quite entire.

Lentinus. — Pileus coriaceous ; gills decurrent, margin ser-
rate or irregularly toothed.

B. MOLLES. More or less fleshy, soon decaying and not
reviving. (The species of Collybia and Marasmius are mostly
tough and more or less persistent and reviving, but do not
become rigid when dry.)

* Gills decurrent.

Cantharellus.— Gills with the margin thick, narrow,
forking, rather waxy.

Nyctalis. — Gills rather thick, edge jblunt. Parasitic on
other fungi, rarely growing among dead leaves.

Hygrophorous. — Margin of gills thin and acute, rather
waxy; stem central. Growing on the ground. (Some
species in this genus have the gills adnate, or almost
free.)

Pleurotus. — Growing on wood. Stem when present, ex-
centric or lateral.

Omphalia. — Gills thin, pliant ; stem central, cartilaginous.
Pileus more or less depressed.

Clitocybe. — Gills thin, pliant; stem central, fibrous; spores
smooth, elliptical.

Laccaria. — Gills thin, pliant, mealy ; stem central, fibrous ;
spores globose, wurted.

Lactarius. — Exuding a white or coloured milk-like fluid
when broken; spores globose, warted. (In some
species the gills are adnate.)

300 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

''* Gills adnate or adnexed.

Russula. — Gills very brittle, trama composed of more or
less spherical cells ; spores globose, warted.

Mycena. — Pileus thin, campanulate, usually striate, margin
at first straight.

Collybia. — Pileus rather fleshy, more or less plane; margin
incurved when young.

Marasmius. — Tough, drying up and reviving when
moistened ; gills often connected by veins.

Tricholoma. — Pileus usually fleshy ; gills more or less evi-
dently sinuate and adnexed ; stem stout.

Armillaria. — The only genus with a ring on the stem and
attached gills. (King sometimes rather vague; gills
decurrent in some species.)

***

Gills free from the stem.

Hiatula. — Pileus exceedingly thin, striate. King and volva
absent.

Lepiota. — King present ; volva absent.
Amanitopsis. — Yolva present ; ring absent.

Amanita. — Base of stem with a distinct, free volva ; ring
present on stem. (The volva is sometimes almost, or
entirely without a free margin, hence adnate to the
stem.)

FIGURES ILLUSTRATING THE LEUCOSPOBAE.

Fig. 1, Hygrophorus Wynniae, and section of same ; nat. size ; — Fig. 2,
Lactarius blennius ; about one-third nat. size, and section nat. size; —
Fig. 3, Spores of same, X 400 ; — Fig. 4, Cantharellue aurantiacus ; about
two-thirds nat. size; — Fig. 5, Nyctalis asterophora, and section; two-
thirds nat. size ; — Fig 6, Lentinus tigrinus ; about two-thirds nat. size ; —
Fig. 7, Panus stypticus ; nat. size ; — Fig. 8, Lenzites flacdda ; two-thirds
nat. size ; — Fig. 9, section of same ; nat. size ; — Fig. 10, Omphalia

302 FUNGUS-FLORA.

SCHIZOPHYLLUM. Fries, (figs. 17, 18, p. 301.)

Pileus with a thin strigose or downy cuticle, dry, flesh
absent, lateral, sessile ; gills coriaceous, bifid, radiating in a
flabellate manner, margin longitudinally split, the split
portions curved outwards ; spores hyaline or slightly tinged
with colour.

ScJtizophyllum, Fries, Obs., i. p. 103 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359.

The species are very dry, sessile, laterally attached, and
very variable in form. Known at once by the split margin
of the gills. Growing on wood. Rare in temperate regions,
but abundant in the tropics.

Schizophyllum commune. Fr. (figs. 17, 18, p. 301.)

Pileus ^j-H in- across, more or less fan-shaped, somewhat
narrowed behind to a point of attachment, horizontal, very
thin and dry, at first covered with white down, then strigose,
entire or more or less deeply lobed at the margin ; gills
narrow, radiating, grey then pale purplish-brown, margin
split ; spores subglobose, with a slight purple tinge, 5 x 6 /x.

SchizopJiyllum commune, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 303 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 360; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1114B.

On rotten trunks, &c.

Eecognised by the very thin, arid substance, and the split
margin of the gills. The only known European species, and
local everywhere, but is one of the commonest of fungi in
tropical and subtropical regions. Very variable as to mode
and extent of marginal indentation.

Pileus very thin, composed of little else than a mass of
woolly filaments, sessile, or passing into a very short lateral
stipes, nearly plane, more or less circular, subentire or lobed,
often growing in an imbricated manner, and rarely exceed-
ing an inch and a half in breadth. The surface is finely

telmatiaea; small specimen, nat. size; — Fig. 11, section of same; nat.
size ; — Fig. 12, Pleurotus gadinoides ; nat. size ; — Fig. 13, section of
same, X 2 ;— Fig. 14, Clitocybe ericetorum; half nat. size;— Fig. 15,
section of same ; half nat. size ; — Fig. 16, Xerotus degener ; nat. size ; —
Fig. 17, Schizopliyttum commune; nat. size; — Fig. 18. section of gills of
same, showing the split margin;— Fig. 19, Trogia crispa; small specimen,
nat. size.

SCHIZOPHYLLUM— TROGIA. 303

cottony, and pure white or greyish, marked by a few indis-
tinct zones. Beneath, the lamellae are radiating, subparallel,
hairy, coriaceous, and of a reddish-brown or brown-grey
colour. Lamellae double ; that is, composed of two rather
remote plates, united at the back, and with their sides
involute, so that in a dry state they appear tubular when
transversely divided. They are arranged in distinct fasci-
culi; each double lamella soon after its origin divides into
branches, each of which becomes again subdivided in a fan-
like mode; but all these divisions are within the original
lamella. Hymenium in the exterior surface of the lamellae.
(Grev.)

TKOGIA. Fries, (fig. 19, p. 301.)

Pileus sessile, attached laterally, soft, flaccid, dry, per-
sistent, texture fibrillose ; gills fold-like, margin longitudi-
nally channelled ; spores colourless.

Trogia, Fries, Epicr., p. 402 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359.

Most closely allied to the genus Xerotus, the latter differ-
ing in having the thick, obtuse margin of the gills quite
entire ; but, as a matter of fact, the only British species of
Trogia has the gills obtuse, and in this feature departs from
the generic type, although agreeing in every other essential.

Trogia crispa. Fr. (fig. 19, p. 301.)

Pileus ^-1 in. across, tough, when young cup-shaped, then
reflexed, lobed and irregular, slightly downy, yellowish-
brown behind, margin becoming whitish; gills vein-like,
thick, narrow, edge obtuse, crisped, but not canaliculate,
greyish- white ; spores subglobose, 5-6 p..

Trogia crispa, Fries, Epicr., p. 369 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 114A.

On branches, &c.

Resembling a Peziza when young, then irregularly ex-
panded and becoming almost flat, often gregarious. Some-
what the texture and appearance of a small Merulius, but
distinguished by the colourless spores. Joined by old authors
with Cantharcllus, some of the smaller species of which bear
some resemblance to Trogia, but the latter differs in not
disappearing at maturity, but persistent, and reviving with

304 FUNGUS-FLORA.

moisture, and in growing on wood; the small species of
Canfharellus decay at maturity, and grow on mosses or leaves.

LENZITES. Fries, (figs. 8, 9, p. 301.)

Pileus corky, coriaceous, horizontal, dimidiate, sessile and
attached "behind ; gills coriaceous, firm, unequal, simple or
branched, radiating from the point of attachment, sometimes
anastomosing and forming irregular pores, margin acute or
obtuse ; spores white.

Lenzites, Fries, Epicr., p. 403 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 360.

Most nearly allied to the genus Daedalea, but the hyme-
nium is more of the Agaricoid than the Polyporoid type. In
the Polyporeae the hymeniuni is porous from the first, then
frequently, as in Daedalea quercina many of the dissepiments
become torn, and thus the hymenium presents a labyrinthi-
form appearance, hence it is towards the margin of the adult
pileus that pores are observed, as in Daedalea, Cyclomyces,
&c. In the Agaricinae the hymenium at first consists of
radiating gills or lamellae, which afterwards in some species
become joined by transverse ribs that form irregular pores
most abundant at the base, as in species of Pleurotus, Paxillus,
and many other tough genera. In texture and substance,
Lenzites agrees with the Polyporeae, in the same way that
Favolus, belonging to the Polyporeae, agrees with the Agari-
cinae. (Fries.)

Coriaceous, perennial or persistent ; allied to Daedalea. and
Trametes. Gills coriaceous, firm, sometimes simple and
unequal, at others branches and anatomosing behind to form
pores ; trama floccose, like the pileus ; margin of gills acute
in some species, obtuse in others. All the species grow on
wood, and in the European forms, dimidiate and sessile.
(Fries.)

Lenzites betulina. Fr.

Pileus 3-4 in. long, 1-2 in. broad, more or less reniform or
flabellate, horizontal, attached behind by an expanded base,
flesh 2—3 lines thick behind, thin towards the margin, corky,
coriaceous, firm, pallid, slightly zoned, tinged brownish,
becoming pale, margin same colour; gills thin, l|-2 lines

LENZITES. 305

broad, forked and anastomosing, straight, dingy white;
spores elliptical, smooth, 4 x 2 //,.

Lenzites betulina, Fries, Epicr., p. 405 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
360; Cke., niustr., pi. 1145A.

On trunks and stumps, especially birch,

Gills at first thickish, somewhat porous, dingy, then
thinner and with the margin acute.

Dimidiate, sessile, corky-coriaceous, firm and rigid, flat-
tened, tomentose, usually indistinctly zoned, the true zones
sometimes darker, 1-2 in. broad, becoming pale, greyish-
white ; flesh floccose, white ; gills radiating from the base,
straight, simple or branched, often anastomosing, about 3
lines broad, dingy white, margin acute. (Fries.)

Lenzites flaccida. Fr. (figs. 8, 9, p. 301.)

Pileus 1-2| in. long, 1-1^ in. broad, more or less flabelli-
form, horizontal, narrowed behind to the point of attach-
ment, coriaceous, flesh about 1 line thick, flaccid, unequal,
strigose, zoned, tinged grey or brown, then pale, margin
same colour; gills broad, crowded, straight, unequally
branched, white then pallid ; spores elliptical, smooth,
7 x 5/t.

Lenzites flaccida, Fries, Epicr., p. 406 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 360 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1145 B (the gills too narrow).

On trunks and stumps of beech, &c.

Differs from L. betulina in the coriaceous thin pileus,
scarcely 1 line thick, easily bent, strigosely hairy, at first
whitish then sordid, zones similar in colour ; gills thick,
firm, straight, very broad, simple, or branched, with shorter
ones, intermixed, at first shining white then pallid. I have
never seen the gills anastomosing in this species, but con-
stantly obfurcate, i.e., forked towards the base. (Fries.)

Lenzites saepiaria. Fr.

Pileus 1-4 in. long, 1-1^ in. broad, horizontal, hard, zoned,
strigose or tomentose, wrinkled, bay or sometimes umber,
flesh thick, brown, margin yellowish ; gills thick, branched
and anastomosing, yellowish; spores subglobose, smooth,
5 X 4 /*.

Lenzites saepiaria, Fries, Epicr., p. 107 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
366; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1146A.

On fir.

VOL. II. X

306 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Dimidiate, lateral, corky-coriaceous, hard, convex then
flattened, orbicular, or frequently elongated, 1-3 in. broad,
zoned, strigosely tomentose, at length squamulose ; tawny-
yellow when young (and persistent at the margin), bay
when adult, becoming blackish when old. Sometimes
resupinate, forming orbicular plates. Flesh tawny. Gills
spreading from the base, very rigid and firm, branched,
more or less anastomosing and resembling Daedalea, 1-2
lines broad, yellowish when growing, umber, when old,
margin entire or minutely toothed. (Fries.)

Lenzites abietina. Fr.

Pileus 1^-5 in. long, 1 in. or a little more broad, hori-
zontal, thin effuso-reflexed, covered with dark umber down,
becoming almost glabrous and hoary ; gills decurrent when
effused behind, simple, unequal, glaucous from a dense
bloom ; spores elliptical, smooth, 7-8 x 4 p..

Lenzites abietina, Fries, Epicr., p. 407 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
360; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1146s.

On fir trunks, deals, &c.

Always longitudinally extended, effuso-reflexed, and some-
times resupinate ; coriaceous, thin and soft, zoneless, covered
with umber-coloured down, then becoming almost glabrous,
hoary. I have seen it extending for a foot in length, but
narrow, about \ in. broad. Gills decurrent on the effused
base, distant, simple,' unequal, not anastomosing, frequently
interrupted or torn into teeth, glaucous from the dense
bloom. (Fries.)

XEKOTUS. Fries, (fig. 16, p. 301.)

Pileus dry, membranaceous, tough; gills coriaceous, re-
sembling broad folds, dichotomous, margin quite entire,
obtuse, attached to the central or excentric stem; spores
white.

Xerotus, Fries, Epicr., p. 48 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359.

The membranaceous pileus, and coriaceous, dichotomous
gills having the obtuse margin quite entire, readily dis-
tinguish the present from all other genera. It is almost
a coriaceous-membranaceous Cantharellus, but in the last-
named genus the gills are much broader. (Fries.)

XEROTUS— PANUS. 307

Xerotus degener. Fr. (fig. 16, p. 301.)

Pileus about 1 in. across, coriaceo-membranaceous, very-
tough, plano-infundibuliform, entire, greyish-bay and striate
when moist, somewhat zoned ; gills few, decurrent, distant,
simple or dichotomous, greyish-white; stem up to 1 in.
long, often much shorter, thin, brown with white velvety-
down.

Xerotus degener, Fries, Epicr., p. 100; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1150s. (After Sowerby, pi. 210, called
Agaricus turfosus.")

In peat mosses, on naked ground, &c.

Most nearly allied to Tlielephora undulata ( = Stereum undu-
J at urn, Fung. Flor., vol. i. p. 130). The young hymenium
has obtuse ribs, and when adult the edges of the gills are
acute.

On the ground in sterile, gravelly places. Stem very tough,
solid, or floccosely stuffed at the apex, not 1 in. long, often
not more than 2-3 lines, 1 line thick, equal, brown with a
slight coating of white down. Pileus very thin, coriaceo-
membranaceous, very tough, plane becoming infundibuli-
form, greyish-bay and striate when moist, flocculose and
somewhat zoned when dry, grey, but some of the small indi-
viduals are zoneless. Gills decurrent, veiy few and very
distant from each other, when only slightly evolved, re-
sembling the ridges in Cladoderris, edge very obtuse, when
most perfectly evolved, thin, rather broad ; greyish- white,
margin acute, flaccid, variable, sometimes quite equal,
simple, sometimes dichotomous, with shorter ones inter-
mixed. (Fries.)

PANUS. Fries, (fig. 7, p. 301.)

The whole fungus coriaceous and tough, drying up,
texture fibrous ; pileus irregular, stipitate, sessile and hori-
zontal, or resupinate ; gills more or less decurrent, unequal,
at length dry and coriaceous, margin quite entire ; stem ex-
centric, lateral, or entirely absent ; spores smooth.

Panus, Fries, Epicr., p. 396.

Allied to Lentinw in the tough, somewhat coriaceous sub-
stance, but at once distinguished by the coriaceous gills
having the margin quite entire.

x 2

308 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Growing on wood, form variable, persistent for a long
time. (Fries.)

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

* Stem excentric.

** Stem distinctly lateral.

*** Stem absent ; pileus resupinate

* Stem excentric.

Panus conchatus. Fr.

Pileus about 3 in. across, tough and flexible, unequal, ex-
centric or dimidiate, margin often lobed, cinnamon-colour
becoming pale, at length more or less scaly ; flesh thin ;
gills narrow, forming decurrent lines on the stem, some-
what branched; pinkish -white then pale-ochraceous, stern
about -f in. long, 3-4 lines thick, solid, unequal, pale, base
downy.

Panus conchatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 398 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 357 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1149 A.

On trunks of beech, poplar, &c.

Often imbricated and more or less grown together. Allied
to Panus torulosus, but distinguished by the much thinner
pileus, more expanded and excentric, also dimidiate, flaccid,
cinnamon becoming pale, but. the form not constant. Stem
about \ in. long, 4 lines thick, often compressed, downy at
the base. Pileus 2-4 in. broad, scaly when old. Gills de-
current in long, parallel lines, not at all resembling those of
Pleurotus ostreatus, which anastomose behind, but frequently
unequally branched, at first whitish or pale flesh-colour,
then wood-colour, crisped when dry. (Fries.)

Panus torulosus. Fr.

Pileus 2—3 in. across, coriaceous and flexible, plane, in-
fundibuliform, or.dimidiate, margin often much waved, even,
somewhat flesh-colour then ochraceous, not scaly ; flesh thin ;
gills decurrent; narrow, rather distant; not anastomosing
behind; ruddy then pale buff; stem i— 1 in. long, 3—5 lines
thick, solid, oblique, covered with a dense grey down.

PANUS. 309

Panus torulosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 397 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 358 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1149u.

On stumps, trunks, &c.

Common on dead birch trunks. Very variable in shape,
at first tough then coriaceous. Stem solid, short (usually
1 in. long), oblique, tough, firm, usually with grey — but
sometimes with violet down or tomentum. Pileus entire
but very excentric, much more fleshy than in P. concJiatus ;
rather compact when young, plane then infundibuliform,
2-3 in. broad, even, glabrous, rather fleshy, varies from
livid-rufous to a violet tinge. Flesh pallid. Gills decurrent,
rather distant, distinct behind, reddish then pale tan-colour.
The indumentum on the stem resembles that of Paxillus
atro-tomentosus. (Fries.)

** Stem lateral

Panus stypticus. Fr. (fig. 7, p. 301.)

Taste hot and pungent, Thin, flexible, |-l£ in- across,
reniform, cinnamon then yellowish buff, cuticle broken up
into mealy granules; gills narrow, rather close, connected
by thin transverse ridges, cinnamon ; stem lateral, very
short, flattened ; spores 3x1' 5-2 p..

Panus stypticus, Fries, Epicr., p. 399; Cke., Illust.,
t. 1114A.

On decaying stumps, trunks, &c.

Usually densely imbricated, the short stems being con-
fluent.

Gregarious, caespitose, remarkable for the astringent
taste. Stem solid, distinctly lateral, compressed, dilated
upwards, not reaching 1 in. in length, ascending, pruinose,
paler than the gills. Pileus dry, thin, but not membrana-
ceous, reniform, i-1 in. broad, pruinose, cinnamon becoming
pale, cuticle broken up into minute scurfy squamules. Gills
determinate, not decurrent, thin, very narrow, crowded,
beautifully connected by veins, cinnamon. (Fries.)

Panus farinaceus. Schum.

Pileus somewhat coriaceous, wavy, cinnamon-umber, the
cuticle breaking up into greyish white scurf which eventually

310 FUNGUS-FLOE A.

falls away ; stem lateral, short, coloured like the pileus ;
gills determinate, free, distinct, paler.

Panus farinaceus, Schum., p. 365; Fries, Hyna. Eur.,
p. 490.

On trunks.

With the habit of P. stypticus. This species has not yet
been found in Britain, but the following, which is considered.
as a variety of the above, has been collected in Epping
Forest.

Var. albido-tomentosus, Cke. and Mass., Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 358; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1144s.

Pileus about § in. long, 3? in. broad, horizontal, sometimes
imbricated, semicircular, subcoriaceous, flexuous or regular,
pale umber, densely clothed with a short, whitish, velvety
down, which seems to be persistent, but thinner and shorter
towards the shortly incurved margin ; stem lateral, very
short ; or entirely absent, and attached by a downy base ;
gills radiating from the point of attachment ; narrowed
behind, lanceolate, honey-coloured, margin entire, rigid,
scarcely crowded, shorter ones intermixed; spores subglo-
bose, smooth, 5 p. diameter.

On trunks and branches.

Pileus about an inch broad, often in imbricated tufts. It
is doubtful whether this is not a distinct species from the
type described by Fries. (C. & M.)

*** Stem absent.

Panus patellaris. Fr.

Pileus 3— f in. across, resupinate, coriaceous, plane then
cup-shaped, orbicular, attached by a slightly projecting
vertex, scurfy or downy, pallid, margin narrowly incurved ;
gills radiating from the point of attachment, narrow, dark
ochraceous ; spores white, smooth, 4 x 3 p..

Panus patellaris, Fries, Epicr., p. 400 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 538 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1144c.

On branches of cherry, beech, &c.

Simple ; allied to P. stypticus. Gills as in other species,

LENTINUS. 311

quite entire, crowded ; but the substance is much firmer, as
in Lcntinns. (Fries.)

In some respects very similar to P. ringens, but differs
in the distinctly mealy pileus, and the smooth, not striato
margin. Pileus i in. or a little more. (Cooke.)

Very remarkable. Analogous with Panus ringens, but most
nearly allied to P. stypticux. Pileus resupinate, coriaceous,
orbicular, saucer-shaped, sessile, adnate and attached by the
vertex, margin free and involute, | in. or a little more across,
scurfy-downy and pallid externally. From the observations
of Lindblad the pileus is viscid at first. Gills meeting at a
central point, crowded, quite entire, dry, dark ochraceous.
(Fries.)

Panus Stevensonii. B. & Br.

Pileus spathulate, olive-yellow, stem dilated above, convex,
golden, slightly hispid ; gills narrow, entire ; flesh greenish-
yellow.

Panus Stevensonii, Berk & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist.,
no. 1796 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 359.

On oak.

I have not seen a specimen of the above, consequently
cannot add to the scanty diagnosis. The species is pre-
sumably small in size.

LENTINUS. Fries, (fig. 6, p. 301.)

Pileus coriaceous, tough, hard and dry when old, not soon
decaying, always more or less irregular; gills becoming dry,
tough, simple, unequal, thin, margin acute, toothed or
irregular, more or less decurrent ; stem when present, hard
and firm, central, excentric, or lateral; spores white,
smooth.

Lentinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 45 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 354.

Allied to Panus in the dry, coriaceous nature of the pileus
and gills, but distinguished by the toothed or serrate margin
of the gills.

All the species grow on wood.

312 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. MESOPODES.
Pileus more or less entire, stem distinct.

* Lepidei. Pileus scaly. Veil more or loss evident.
(Veil absent in all the following sections.)

** Pulverulenti. Pileus downy or pulverulent.
*** Cochleati. Pileus glabrous.

II. PLEUROTI.
Dimidiate, sessile or with a lateral stem.

I. MESOPODES.

* Lepidei.

Lentirms tigrinus. Fr. (fig. 6, p. 301.)

Pileus usually about 2 in. across, 'fleshy-coriaceous, thin,
generally orbicular and central, convexo-plane at first, at
length infundibuliform, white variegated with blackish,
adpressed, pilose squamules, the margin often split when
dry; gills decurrent, not at all sinuate, narrow, crowded,
unequal, white, margin toothed ; stem solid, very hard,
about 2 in. long, usually attenuated downwards, minutely
squamulose, whitish, base often ascending and brownish,
apex at first furnished with an entire reflexed ring, but this
soon disappears ; spores elliptical, smooth, 7 X 3 • 5 /*,.

Lentinus tigrinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 389 ; Cke., Illustr., pi.
1138 and 1139A; Sowerby, tab. 68.

On dead wood, oak, &c.

Subgregarious or caespitose. Slenderer than L. lepideus,
and more coriaceous and regular. (Fries.)

Lentinus Dunalii. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, coriaceous, thin, umbilicate, margin
often waved and deformed, pallid, ornamented with ad-
pressed, spot-like scales which eventually fall away, leaving

LENTINUS. 313

the pileus smooth ; gills decurrent, crowded, rather narrow,
pallid ; stem about f in. long, somewhat silky, solid, veil
scarcely evident.

T Lentinus Dunalii, Fries, Epicr., p. 390; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 1139B; Cke., Hdbk., p. 255.

On trunks, &c.

Allied to L. tigrimu ; ring on the stem very rudimentary.
More or less clustered.

Lentinus lepideus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, tough, convex then depressed
and unequal, pale dingy ochraceous, becoming broken up
into darker, spot-like squamules; flesh 2-3 lines thick at
the disc, white ; gills slightly sinuate, decurrent, 2-3 lines
broad, margin irregular, torn, transversely striate, whitish, or
tinged with yellow ; stem usually about 1 in. long, but
sometimes longer, about \ in. thick, tapering to a rooting
base, hard, pale, with downy squamules, veil very soon
disappearing ; spores narrowly elliptical, smooth, 7 X 3 /*.

Lentinus lepideus, Fries, Epicr., p. 390; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 1140 and 1141 (monstrous form); Cke., Hdbk., p. 355.

On trunks, stumps, &c.

Showy, large, firm, much deformed, somewhat excentric,
smell pleasant. Often white. (Fries.)

Developing into very grotesque forms when growing in
dark situations.

** Pulverulenti.

Lentinus leontopodius. Schulzer.
Pileus 4-8 in. across, fleshy, compact, tough, irregular,
very excentric, or almost lateral, broadly umbilicate, margin
arched and bent down, more or less lobed, distinctly tomen-
tose, pale reddish-ochraceous, rather darker towards the
margin ; flesh 5-9 lines thick at centre of pileus, gradually
becoming thinner towards the margin, very close and com-
pact, white ; gills deeply decurrent on the under side of the
stem, not crowded, 3-4 lines broad, pale reddish-ochraceous,
margin darker and minutely toothed, veined at the sides,
connected by veins ; stem 3-4 in. long, up to 1 in. thick,
curved and ascending, solid, hard, tough, somewhat equal,

3 J 4 FUNGUS-FLOE A.

scurfy or downy, brown, base often blackish ; spores cylin-
drical, obliquely apiculate, smooth, white. 12-15 /JL long.

Lentinus leontopodius, Schulzer, in Kalchbr., Icon. Hym.
Hung., p. 45, pi. 28 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 355.

On willow trunks, &c.

A large and noble fungus, gregarious or caespitose in
small clusters. Smell very pleasant. Taste sweet, grateful.
(Schulzer.)

Lentinus pulverulentus. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thin, tough, convex, yellow ;
stem stout, elongated, equal, rigid, yellow, powdered witli
white meal ; gills denticulate, white.

Lentinus pulverulentus, Fries, Epicr., p. 391 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 355 ; B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1567.

Agaricus pulverulentus, Scop., Carn., p. 434.

On trunks. Caespitose.

An uncertain species, not seen by Fries. Eecorded for
Britain by Berkeley and Broome, but judging from their
notes, given below, it appears doubtful whether they had
the right species in view.

Tufted, at first infundibuliform, then lateral flabelliform,
fuliginous, floccoso-pulverulent, with little umber particles ;
stem elongated, at length smooth • gills pallid, deeply
decurrent, their edge crenulate, but not torn; pileus 2 in.;
stem 3 in. high. (B. & Br.)

Lentinus resinaceus. Fr.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, rather fleshy, tough, excentric,
convex then depressed or infundibuliform, margin involute
and variously waved, downy, somewhat glandular and
covered with a resinous gum, ochraceous-cinnamon ; gills
adnato-decurrent, crowded, very narrow at first, fold-like,
connecte'd by veins, at length 1—14- line broad, white, margin
serrate ; stem solid, firm, scarcely 1 in. long, unequal, ex-
panding into the pileus, even, somewhat downy, pallid.

Lentinus resinaceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 391 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 356.

On trunks.

Somewhat caespitose ; stems often more or less grown
together; fleshy, pliant.

LENTINUS. 315

Lentinus adhaerens. A. & S.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, tough, irregular,
lacunose, somewhat pulverulent, dingy, pale, glutinous ; gills-
forming decurrent lines on the stem, very thin, torn, white ;
stem rooting, coloured like the pileus, glutinous, somewhat
hollow.

Lentinus adhaerens, Fries, Epicr., p. 391 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 356.

Agaricus adhaerens, Alb. & Schw., p. 186.

In pine woods.

Small, unequal ; taste becoming astringent. Pileus con-
vex and somewhat umbonate, then depressed and infundi-
buliform. (Fries.)

The pileus and stem appearing as if lacquered, from the
gluten.

*** Cochleati.

Lentinus cochleatus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, tough, flaccid, irregular, more or less
lobed and twisted, often depressed or even infundibuliform,
reddish-cinnamon ; gills somewhat decurrent, crowded, soft,
margin distinctly toothed, about 1-| line broad, pinkish-
white ; stem variable in length and thickness, several fre-
quently more or less grown together, solid, sulcate, smooth,
coloured like the pileus or paler.

Lentinus cochleatus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 484; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 356 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1142A.

On trunks, stumps, &c.

Annual; tufted; with a faint, but very distinct spicy
smell.

Tough, flaccid, not perennial, sometimes solitary, at
others caespitose, imbricated, and growing into each other;
smell weak, resembling aniseed, or none. From a small
diminutive form, usually solitary, with pileus and stem
scarcely reaching 1 in., extending up to 3 in. Stem solid,
firm, sometimes central, often excentric, and sometimes
entirely lateral, always sulcate, glabrous, flesh-colour above,
reddish-brown below; pileus flexible, thin, 2-3 in. broad,
usually excentric, imbricated, very unequal, more or less
lobed or contorted, plane, umbilicate, or infundibuliform,

316 FUNGUS-FLOEA.

not pervious, glabrous, flesh-colour, becoming pale and some-
what tan-colour. Gills decurrent, crowded, serrate, whitish
with a tinge of flesh-colour. (Fries.)

Very much tufted. Several stems are confluent in such a
way as to make it doubtful whether the several pilei are
really distinct, or are only lobes of one large one, the circle
of the gills being always incomplete on the side of the
common centre, the whole forming a lobed funnel with
deflected edges. The surface is rough, with prominent
minute ribs or prickles (as expressed by Sowerby's figure),
pale rufescent, often powdered with the white sporules,
1—1^ in. broad.

Sometimes the surface is more even, but still somewhat
sculptured so as to be rough with raised lines. Stem com-
pound, strongly ribbed and sulcate, the ribs being continua-
tions of the serrated paler decurrent gills. At first the
pileus and gills are tender, stem firm and leathery. Odour
agreeable. (Berk.)

II. PLEUEOTI.

Lentinus Scoticus. B. & Br.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, soft, very variable, plane,
umbilicate, or infundibuliform, smooth, pallid or brownish,
hygrophanous; stem excentric or lateral, variable darker
than the pileus, pulverulent, springing from a branched,
brown mycelium ; gills decurrent when the stem is present,
rather distant, strongly toothed, pallid; spores elliptical,
smooth, 5-6 X 4 /A.

Lentinus Scoticus, Berk. & Broome, Ann. Nat. Hist., no.
1423; Cke., Hdbk., p. 356; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1143.

On furze, birch, &c.

Inodorous, or, at any rate, without any odour of aniseed ;
extremely variable ; pileus ^-l£ in. broad, smooth, hygro-
phanous, pallid, at length brownish; either quite stemless
and reniform, or variously stipitate, solitary or caespitose,
sometimes deeply umbilicate, lobed at the margin and
sinuate or plicate ; stem, when present, varying from 2 lines
to as many inches; gills rather distant, strongly toothed,
decurrent when the stem is developed. Very rarely two

LENTINUS. 317

pilei are joined. The nearest ally to this curious species is
Lentinus omphalodes. (B. & Br.)

Lentinus fimbriatus. Currey.

Pileus ^— f in. across, flesh thin, rather coriaceous, some-
what dimidiate, depressed behind, pale fawn-colour, or
whitish, with scattered darker floccose scales; margin
slightly incurved and hairy, gills descending but not truly
Recurrent, narrow, tinged with brown, margin toothed and
torn ; stem up to ^ in. long, not 1 line thick, solid, whitish,
incurved.

Lentinus fimbriatus, Currey, Linn. Transact., xxiv. p. 152,
t. 25, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 356 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1148A.

On a stump standing in a pond.

Distinguished among British species by its small size.

Lentinus vulpinus. Fr.

Piles 1-2 £ in. across, sessile or produced behind into a
stem-like base, imbricated, tough, somewhat orbicular or
shell-shaped, grown together behind, longitudinally
wrinkled and rough with minute floccose points, pale tan-
colour; margin incurved, entire; gills 2 lines broad, margin
torn, white.

Lentinus vulpinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 238 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 357 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1142s.

On trunks and stumps.

Inodorous, and like Armillaria mellea, the pilei become
powdered with the white spores. (Fries.)

Lentinus flabelliformis. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, thin, flabby, tough, almost sessile,
reniform, plane or somewhat depressed behind, glabrous,
even, fawn-colour or pale cinnamon, margin more or less
crenulate ; gills 2 lines broad, often torn, pallid.

Lentinus flabelliformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 395 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 357 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1148B (after Bolton).

On trunks and stumps.

Clustered or imbricated. Fries mentions a small var.
herbarum, with a membranaceous pileus that becomes pale ;
growing on stems of Epildbium.

318 FUNGUS-FLOEA.

CANTHAKELLUS. Adans. (fig. 4. p. 301.)

Pileus fleshy or membranaceous, regular, excentric, or
variously lobed ; gills more or less decurrent, thick, margin
blunt, rather waxy, narrow ; stem central, lateral, or absent ;
veil absent ; spores white, smooth.

Cantharellus, Adans., Fung. Ord. v. ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 339.

The characters of this genus mainly depend on the gills,
which are fold-like, more or less thick, decurrent, branched,
usually repeatedly dichotomous, and straight, rarely anasto-
mosing. Veil absent. Spores white. The species are fleshy
or membranaceous, soon decaying, central stemmed, and
terrestrial, or some of the smaller species grow on living
mosses, rarely on wood.

Many of the species bear a very close resemblance to
species of Craterellus, but are distinguished by the evident
gills. In Hygrophorus the gills are often thick and waxy, but
the edge is always sharp and thin.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. MESOPUS.

Pileus entire. Stem central.
* Pileus and solid stem fleshy.

f* Pileus somewhat membranaceous ; stem tubular,
polished.

II. PLEUROPUS.
Dimidiate ; stem exactly lateral.

III. KESUPINATI.

Pileus sessile, cup-shaped at first, attached by the vertex,
then more or less reflexed ; wavy.

Growing on moss.

CANTHARELLUS. 319

I. MESOPUS.

* Pileus and solid stem fleshy.

Cantharellus cibarius. Fr.

Every part opaque yellow-buff ; pileus lf-2| in. across ;
flesh thick, firm, whitish; irregular and wavy, at length
turbinate, glabrous or very minutely downy ; gills decurrent,
narrow, thick, distant; stern 1-2 in. long, stout, becoming
thicker upwards and gradually expanding into the flesh of
the pileus, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth, 9 x 5-6 p..

Cantharellus cibarius. Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 318; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 339; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1103.

Ayaricus cantharellus, Linn., Suec., no. 1207.

In woods.

Esculent. Smell none when fresh, but resembling apricots
after having been kept for some time. Fries says that the
fungus is sometimes entirely white.

Subgregarious. Pileus 1-4 in. broad, fleshy, firm, variously
lobed, depressed, the margin vaulted, smooth, shining, of a
rich yolk-of-egg yellow, paler when dry; flesh white or
yellowish ; folds much sinuated, but evidently forked, thick
fleshy, decurrent. Spores elliptic. Stem 1-2 in. high,
-3— | in. thick, attenuated downwards, smooth, tough, yellow,
diffused into the pileus. Smell very agreeable, like that of
dried apricots, taste agreeable, but pungent. Much firmer
than C. aurantiacus. (Berk.)

Entire plant of a full bufnsh-yellow, or yolk-of-egg colour,
of a rather firm yet brittle substance. Pileus 1-4 in. in
breadth, glabrous, irregular, subrepand, frequently variously
lobed, the margin rounded, the centre mostly depressed,
sometimes much hollowed. Flesh yellowish- white or pale
yellowish. Lamellae in the form of tumid veins or folds,
branching dichotomously, and sometimes anastomosing.
Stipes firm, solid, 1-2 in. long, variable in diameter, at-
tenuated downwards. Odour none when quite fresh, but
soon after having been gathered, that of ripe apricots.
(Grev.).

Every part egg-yellow, pileus truly fleshy, convex at first,
then plane and subdepressed, wavy, always glabrous ; stem

320 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

solid, thickened upwards and passing gradually into the
turbinate pileus, a character that separates this species from
all others. Gills very decurrent, more tumid than in other
species, distant, branched, narrow, resembling folds. Smell
none. Taste pleasant. (Fries.)

var. rufipes. Gillet, Hym. France, ser. 13; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 339 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1131 A.

Flesh pale ochraceous ; stem rufous at the base.

Cantharellus Friesii. Quel.

Pileus f-l| in. across, flesh rather thin, white, convex
then more or less depressed, downy, pale opaque buffish
orange ; gills decurrent, thickish, narrow, branched, coloured
like the pileus or paler; stem about f in. long, 3 lines thick,
solid, downy, expanding upwards into the pileus, paler than
the pileus, base whitish.

Cantharellus Friesii, Quelet, Fung. Jura et Vosg., t. 23,
f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 339; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1131s.

In woods.

Intermediate between Cantharellus cibarius and C. auran-
tiacus, with the gills of the former, and the habit of the
latter. (Cooke.)

Cantharellus aurantiacus. Fr. (fig. 4, p 301.)

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thin, depressed and more
or less irregular and wavy, soft, rather tomentose, dingy
opaque orange, sometimes paler; gills decurrent, crowded,
rather thin, striate at the sides, forked, brighter-coloured
than the pileus; stem ^-| in. long, about 3 lines thick,
slightly thickened upwards and expanding into the pileus,
coloured like the pileus, base often darker, stuffed or
imperfectly hollow ; spores elliptical, smooth, 10 X 5 /x,.

Cantharellus aurantiacus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 318;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 339 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1104.

Heaths, fir woods, &c.

Gills sometimes paler than the pileus, nearly white.
(Cooke.)

Gregarious. Pileus H-2 in. broad, often irregular, slightly
depressed, tomentose, though sometimes quite smooth, as in
Scotch specimens gathered by Klotzsch, of a beautiful
orange ; margin paler and involute ; sometimes there are

CANTHARELLLS. 321

slight traces of an umbo. Folds bright orange, narrow,
straight, repeatedly dichotomous. Spores elliptic. Stem
1 in. high, |-J in. thick, often excentric and curved, at-
tenuated below, subequal, or incrassated at the base, in
general of the same colour as the pileus ; often black at the
base when old ; much smoother than the pileus.

B. On the roots of grass. Pileus H in. broad; depressed
and sometimes umbonate, nearly white, or shaded with rich
yellow-brown. Folds white or brownish cream-colour. Spores
elliptic. Stem l-l£ in. high, i-i- in. thick, of the same
colour as the pileus. Smell strong. (Berk.)

Cantharellus Brownii. B. & Br.

Ochraceous-white or cream-colour. Pileus about ^ in.
across, flesh thin, orbicular, obtuse or slightly umbonate,
slightly silky ; gills subdecurrent, very narrow, rather
distant, simple or forked; stem 1^—2 in. long, not 1 line
thick, tough, stuffed; spores broadly elliptical, smooth,
7 X 5/x.

CantJiarellus Brownii, B. & Br., Berk., Outl., p. 216; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 340; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1106A.

Among grass.

Differs from the typical Cantharellus type in the almost
simple, very narrow, not decurrent gills, and the specimen
sent to me suggested Arrhenia. (Fries.)

Whole plant of a pale ochraceous cream-colour. Pileus
orbicular, thin, convex, subumbonate, ^ in. across, some-
times rather larger, obscurely silky. Stem slender, 1^-2 in.
high, scarce 1 line thick, nearly equal, subfurfuraceous,
furnished with a little white fibrillose mycelium at the base,
which sometimes forms a small earthy ball, rather tough,
stuffed. Folds linear, very narrow, sometimes slightly
forked, obtusely decurrent ; interstices smooth, occasionally
quite obsolete except towards the margin. Hymenium
nearly white. There is no described species allied to this,
except Cant, aurantiacus, which approaches to it by means of
its white variety. It is a very neat and beautiful fungus,
with very much the habit of Ag. liemispTiaencus ( = Naucoria
sideroidcs), and with the stem stuffed as in that species.
(B. & Br.)

VOL. II. T

322 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Cantharellus carbonarius. Fr.

Pileus 1^-2^ in. across, flesh thinr flexible, usually
irregular, urabilicate or deeply depressed, minutely squamu-
lose, bay then blackish; gills decurrent, straight, narrow,
white; stem 1-3 in. long, 2—3 lines thick, more or less
rooting, not unfrequently branched and bearing 2-3 pilei,
white or greyish, stuffed ; spores elliptical, smooth, 14-15 x
7-8 fi.

Cantharellus carbonarius, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 456; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 340; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1105.

Cantharellus radicosus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., 1134
(1860).

Cantharellus anthracopliilus, Leveille, Ann. Sci. Nat. 1841,
p. 236, t. 14, f. 2.

Merulius carbonarius, Alb. & Schw., p. 375.

On charcoal or on the ground where charcoal has been
burnt.

A variable species, but recognised by the depressed,
blackish pileus and rooting stem, which is sometimes
branched.

Pileus f— 1 in. across, deeply umbilicate, dark brown or
black, rough with radiating flocci; stem rooting, deeply
pallid ; gills narrow, white. Two or three pilei often grow
from the same obconical root, which is white and spongy.
This agrees in some respects with C. carbonarius, Alb. &
Schw., which is said to be a variety of C. umbonatus, and
must be therefore very different from the present species.
(B. & Br.).

Cantharellus umbonatus. Fr.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, fleshy, expanded, umbonate then
depressed, slightly flocculose, grey then blackish; gills
decurrent, narrow, straight, crowded, shining white ; stem
2—3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, almost, equal, elastic,
stuffed, paler grey than the pileus, base downy; spores-
elliptical, smooth, 10 x 4-5 /*.

Cantharellus umbonatus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 317; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 340; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1106s.

Among moss, &c.

Eesembling an Agaric in habit. Allied to C. carbonarius,
but distinguished by the regular pileus and the regular,

CANTHAKELLUS. 323

equal stem, which is not rooting. The habitat is also
different. Fries says that the present species often becomes
reddish when bruised.

Cantharellus albidus. Fr.

Pileus ^-l£ in. across, flesh rather thin, somewhat in-
fundibulifornT, irregular, rather wavy, indistinctly zoned,
whitish or with a yellow tinge ; gills decurrent, thin, rather
crowded, repeatedly dichotomous, white ; stem 1-1^ in. long,

2 lines thick, equal or becoming compressed, glabrous, white,
or rarely tinged with yellow, solid ; spores elliptical, smooth,
8x 4/z.

Cantharellus albidus. Fries, Epicr., p. 365 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 1107A; Cke., Hdbk., p. 340.

In meadows, among moss, &c.

Tough, but not coriaceous, while, verging on yellow or
rufous, pileus somewhat zoned. (Fries.)

** Pileus submembi-anaceous ; stem hollow, polished.

Cantharellus tubaeformis. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, flexible, infundibuliform,
waved and more or less lobed, flocculose, yellowish-brown
becoming pale; gills slightly decurrent, thick, distant,
repeatedly branched, smoky-yellow ; stem 2-3 in. long,

3 lines thick, almost equal, often compressed, lacunose,
glabrous, dull tawny-orange, hollow ; spores elliptical, smooth,
9 X 6-7 /A.

Cantharellus tubaeformis, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 319 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 340 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1108.

In woods, on the ground and on rotten wood.

Gregarious. Pileus 2 in. broad, thin, at first convex,
at length much undulated, depressed and very much
umbilicate, occasionally pervious, scrobiculato-squamose,
brownish-yellow. Folds straight-forked, slightly anasto-
mosing, cinereous yellow, frosted with a white bloom.
Stem 2 in. high, ^- in. thick, hollow, compressed, thickest
downwards, smooth, slightly downy at the base, saffron-
coloured, brownish-yellow above. (Berk.)

Closely allied to C. infundibuliformis, with which it was
once united, but the typical form appears to be clearly

T 2

321

FUNGUS-FLORA.

distinct although intermediate forms exist. Far removed
from C. cibarius, C. aurantiacus, C. umbonatus, and C. albidus,
in the subrnembranaceous, infundibuliform, flocculose pileus
and tubular stem. From C. infundibuliformis the present
differs in the deeply umbilicate, broader, usually waved and
lobed pileus, fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry,
stem hollow, at length compressed and lacunose, tawny-
orange, gills more divided, yellow or smoky-grey, and,
according to Secretan, never pruinose. Analogous with
Craterellus lutescens in habit and colour.

Subsp. lutescens, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 208.

Stem equal or attenuated upwards ; pileus convex, um-
bilicate, regular, almost even ; gills dichotomous, coloured as
in the typical form.

Intermediate between the present species and C.
buliformis.

Cantharellus infundibuliformis. Fr.

Pileus 1-2^ in. across, subrnembranaceous, umbilicate then
infundibuliform, usually perforated at the base and opening
into the cavity of the stem, floccosely rugose on the surface,
yellowish-grey or smoky when moist, pale when dry, at
length undulated ; gills decurrent, thick, distant, dicho-
tomous, straight, yellow, or grey, especially when old, and
then pruinose ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2 lines thick, hollow,
slightly thickened at the base, even, glabrous, always yellow ;
spores elliptical, smooth, 9—10 x 6 /A.

Cantharellus infundibuliformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 366 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 1109; Cke., Hdbk., p. 341.

On the ground and on rotten wood.

Gregarious, somewhat caespitose. For distinctions be-
tween the present species and C. tubaeformis, see under the
latter.

Cantharellus cinereus. Fr.
Pileus 1—2 in. across, flesh thin, flexible, infundibuliform,
pierced at the base and continuous with the hollow of the
stem, ornamented with downy squamules, smoky-brown then
blackish ; gills decurrent, narrow, thick, distant, grey ; stem
l|-2 in. long, gradually widening upwards, paler than the
pileus, hollow ; spores broadly elliptical or sometimes sub-
globose, about 7 x 5 u.

CANTHABELLUS. 325

Cantharellus cinereus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 320 ; Cke.,
Ildbk., p. 341 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1110A.

In woods.

Closely resembling Craterellus cornucopioides, but distin-
guished by the distinct gills.

Cantharellus Houghtoni. Phil.

Pileus §-H in. across, flesh thin, convex, umbilicate, margin
often wavy and upturned, smooth, pallid- white ; gills very
slightly decurrent, narrow, with a pale pink tinge ; stem
H-2 in. long, equal, slightly expanding into the pileus,
whitish, at first delicately fibrillose, stuffed ; spores ellip-
tical, 7 x 4 p..

Cantharellus Houghtoni, Phillips, in Cke.'s Hdbk., p. 341 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 1107s.

On the ground.

Pileus 1 in. or more across, dirty- white, with a tinge of
flesh-colour ; stem 2 in. high, 1 line thick, stuffed, rooting
at the base, which is more or less cottony ; gills scarcely
forked, narrow, slightly decurrent. (Cke.)

Altogether thin and slender, and calling to mind a white,
slender Clitocybe.

Cantharellus leucophaeus. Mouel.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh very thin, pliant, infundi-
buliform, glabrous, dusky-brown, margin usually incurved ;
gills decurrent, distant, simple or forked, with intermediate
shorter ones, narrow, white; stem about 1 in. long, l|-2
lines thick, slightly thickened at the base, otherwise equal,
stuffed, smooth, paler than the pileus or similar in colour ;
spores elliptical, smooth, 9 X 5 /A.

Cantharellus leucophaeus, Mouel., Mem. Soc. Lille, 1831, t.
i. f. 2-3 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 341 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 11 11 A.

A very neat, regular species, somewhat resembling C.
cinereus in colour and habit, but smaller, pileus not pervious
at the base, and stem stuffed.

Cantharellus cupulatus. Fr.

Pileus ahout £ in. across, flesh thin, plane then depressed
or infundibuliform, often wavy, hygrophanous, pallid-brown
or rufescent and with the margin striate when moist, floccu-

326 FUNGUS-FLORA.

lose and without striae when dry ; gills decurrent, very
distant, rather broad, branched and with intermediate
shorter ones, grey; stem about 1 in. long, about £ line
thick, equal, slightly expanding into the pileus, polished,
glabrous, stuffed, coloured like the pileus ; spores elliptical,
smooth, 7 x 5 p.

CantJiarellus cupulatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 367 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 342 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 11 10s.

On the ground.

Easily recognised by its diminutive size, rtifescent pileus
and stem, and grey gills. Resembling a Xerotus in habit.

See note under C. Stevensoni.

Cantharellus Stevensoni. B. & Br.

Pileus up to 4 lines across, orbicular, umbilicate, pallid,
smooth, margin inflexed, flesh thin ; gills decurrent, pallid,
brownish behind ; stem up to ^ in. high, not | line thick,
cylindrical, delicately pulverulent, white, then darker.

Cantharellus Stevensoni, Berk. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no.
1422; Cke., Illustr., pi. llllB; Cke., Hdbk., p. 342.

On rotten wood among moss.

Pileus about 2 lines across, stem ^ in. high, ^ line thick,
with a little white mycelium at the base. Very near to
C. cupulatust but that is very strongly umbonate when young,
and the umbo is always visible at the bottom of the umbilicus ;
the habitat moreover is different. (B. & Br.)

Cooke's figures are larger than the measurements given
above ; pileus up to ^ in. across, with a decided nipple-like
umbo ; stem up to 1 in. long.

Cantharellus replexus. Fr.

Pileus |-1 in. across, membranaceous, campanulate then
expanded and reflexed, striate, brownish then grey ; gills
very slightly decurrent, distant, connected by veins to form
a reticulation, distant, with shorter branched ones between,
white then glaucous; stem l|-2 in. long, 1 line thick,
glabrous, slightly thickened upwards, hollow.

Cantharellus replexus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 158.

Cantharellus reflexus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 342.

On the ground.

With the habit of Mycena, but the gills are broad behind,

CANTHARELLUS. 327

thick, and fold-like, margin obtuse and paler. Pileus glabrous
or cracked into squamules. (Fries.)

Far. devexus, Fries, Syst Myc., i. p. 158 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 1150A.

Differs from the type in the bent down margin of the
pileus, stuffed stem, and unbranched grey gills ; spores
6 X 4/i.

On scorched ground.

Cooke's figures show the pileus upturned at the margin.

II. PLEUKOPUS.

Cantharellus muscigenus. Fr.

Pileus |— £ in. across, somewhat membranaceous, flaccid,
more or less spathulate, often depressed behind, horizontal,
smooth, usually zoned, yellowish-brown or fuscous, then
greyish- white when old and dry ; gills radiating, distant,
branched, thick, narrow, coloured like the pileus ; stem 1-2
lines long, slender, lateral, downy at the base.

Cantharellus muscigenus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 323 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 342 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 11 ISA.

On the larger mosses, Hypnum, &c.

Distinguished from G. glaucus by its habitat, and brownish
colour when moist.

Agreeing with C. retirugus in growing on mosses, but
known by the true lateral stem and thick gills.

Cantharellus glaucus. Batsch.

Entirely grey ; pileus up to | in. across, membranaceous,
strap-shaped or flabellate, ascending, silky, not zoned ; gills
radiating from the point of attachment of the stem, distant,
narrow, thick, forked ; stem lateral, expanding into the
pileus, about 1 line long, slightly pruinose ; spores elliptical,
smooth, 5 x 3 yx.

Cantharellus glaucus, Cke., Illustr., pi. llloB; Cke,, Hdbk.,
p. 343.

On the ground.

Distinguished from C. muscigenus, the only other British
species with a lateral stem, by growing on the ground, and
by being altogether grey in colour.

328 FUNGUS-FLORA.

III. KESUPINATL

Cantharellus retirugus. Fr.

Pileus ^-| in. across, inembranaceous. expanded, more 01
less fan-shaped or irregular, margin wavy and lobed, greyish-
white; subsessile or rarely produced behind into a short,
flattened, stem-like base, attached by fibrils ; gills radiating
from the centre, very thin, anastomosing ; spores broadly
elliptical, smooth, 10 x 8 /*.

Cantharellus retirugus, Fries, Epicr., p. 368 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 343; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1112A.

On mosses, Hypnum, &c.

Agreeing with C. muscigenus in growing on mosses, but
differing in the absence of a true slender stem, and in the
very delicate, anastomosing gills.

Cantharellus lobatus. Fr.

Pileus 7^—1 in. across, inembranaceous, horizontal, more or
less orbicular, but with the margin deeply lobed, sessile,
brownish, pale when dry ; gills radiating from a point, thick
and fold-like, branched, distinct.

Cantharellus lobatus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 323; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 343 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1112B.

On mosses in swampy places.

Distinguished by being completely sessile, and the margin
of the pileus deeply incised.

In swampy places on Hypnum, sphagnum, &c., in the spring.
Sessile, horizontal, membranaceous, somewhat circular,
hardly 1 in. broad, adfixed at first, entire, then sublateral
and lobed, dark brown when growing, much paler when dry.
Gills fold-like, rather distant, distinct, branched, coloured
like the pileus. (Fries.)

Wet boggy places, on moss, as Hypnum cuspidatum and
revolens. April — autumn. Pileus 2 lines, 1J in. broad,
membranaceous, horizontal, often at length vertical, attached
laterally by a few byssoid fibres, which sometimes run down
the moss for some distance, pale cinereous-umber, margin
nearly white, under a lens most minutely scabrous, as if it
were innato-fibrillose, occasionally there are two or three
zones. Hymenium paler, consisting of radiating more or less

NYCTALIS. 329

anastomosing wrinkles, which, especially at the base, are
reticulate, though towards the margin they continue distinct.
At first sight it appears like a pale minute specimen of
Peltidea canina, much sodden with moisture. (Berk.)

NYCTALIS. Fries, (fig. 5, p. 301.)

Pileus symmetrical, in some species bearing large conidia
on its surface ; gills adnate or decurrent, thick, soft, margin
obtuse ; stem central, its substance continuous with the
flesh of the pileus; spores colourless, smooth, elliptical or
subglobose.

Nyctalis, Fries, Syst. Orb. Veg., p. 203 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
343.

The typical species are saprophytic on decaying fungi.

ANALYSTS OF THE SPECIES.

I. PARASITAE.

Gills distinct, distant. Growing on decaying fungi.
II. SPELEAE.

Gills somewhat growing into each other, crowded. Grow-
ing in dark places, and in all probability nothing more than
morbid conditions of other species.

I. PARASITAE.

Nyctalis parasitica. Fr.

Pileus up to f in. across, flesh thin, conical then soon
becoming expanded, unequal, pruinose from the presence of
conidia, grey; gills adnate, thick, distant, at length anasto-
mosing, brownish; stem 1-3 in. long, not 1 line thick, often
wavy, equal, downy, whitish ; spores broadly elliptical,
smooth, 5 x 3 • 5 p..

Nyctalis parasitica, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 464; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 344; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1113.

330 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Growing on Bussula adusta and R. foetens.
Gregarious or caespitose. The conidia produced by the
hyphae of the pileus are large, elliptical, and smooth.

Nyctalis asterophora. Fr. (fig. 5, p. 301.)

Pileus about ^ in. across, fleshy, conical then hemispherical,
flocculose and rather mealy owing to the large, stellate
conidia, whitish then tinged with fawn-colour ; gills adnate,
distant, narrow, rather forked, straight, dingy ; stem about
J in. long, slender, twisted, stuffed, white then brownish,
rather mealy ; spores elliptical, smooth, 3 x 2 p..

Nyctalis Asterophora, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 463 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 344; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1132s.

Growing on old blackened specimens of Bussula nigricans.

Gregarious or slightly caespitose. The very large stellate
bodies borne by hyphae on the upper surface of the pileus
have been shown by Brefeld to be true conidia, which, under
proper cultivation, give origin to the fungus.

II. SPELEAE.

Nyctalis caliginosa. W. G. Sin.

Pileus about ^ in. across, very fleshy, margin involute,
slightly exceeding the gills, marked with light and dark
grey colours when wet, white and floccoso-pruinose when
dry ; gills decurrent, thick, branched ; stem, about 2 in.
long, floccoso-pruinose, base naked ; spores elliptical, smooth,
4 X 2| /..

Nyctalis caliginosa, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot. 1873, p. 337;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 343 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1132A.

On ground in a dark place, among fallen leaves.

Odour and taste rank and disagreeable, like Polyporus
squamosus. (W. G. S.)

Caespitose; stem brown inside, white externally, much
swollen at the base, where several are usually more or less
grown together.

A doubtful species. Probably a diseased state of some
Clitocyle. (Cooke.)

HYGROPHORUS. 331

HYGKOPHOKUS. Fries, (fig. 1, p. 301.)

Pileus regular or variously undulated and wavy, often
viscid or moist ; gills more or less decurrent, or sometimes
adnate or adnexed, waxy, often thick and forked, but the
margin always thin and sharp, flesh of the pileus passing
unchanged into the trama ; stem central, continuous with the
flesh of the pileus ; spores subglobose or elliptical, smooth.

Hygrophorus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 405 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 289.

Terrestrial, their development in many cases being favoured
by the early autumnal frosts; soon decaying; often very
fragile ; many species are glutinous or viscid. Bright colours,
as crimson, golden, lemon-yellow, &c., are not uncommon.
The gills are usually distant, thick, and waxy, and in this
respect the genus approaches Cantharellus, but always differs
in the gills being broader and the margin or edge, thin and
and sharp.

The essential character of the genus consists in the
hymenium at length becoming soft and separating from the
trama, a character remarkably well seen in Hygrophorus
caprinus, H. coccineus, H. nitrosus, &c. (Fries.)

ANALYSIS OF THE SUBGENEEA OF
HYGEOPHOEUS.

Subgen. I. HYGROCYBE. Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 101.

Veil absent ; whole fungus slender, watery, fragile.
Pileus viscid when moist, shining when dry, rarely floccosely
scaly. Stem hollow, soft, not ornamented with granular or
wart-like projections. Gills soft. Most species brightly
coloured.

Sulgen. II. CAMAROPHYLLUS. Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 98.

Veil absent, stem even, glabrous or fibrillose, not rough
with wart-like projecting points. Pileus firm, opaque, moist
in rainy weather, but not viscid. Gills distant, arcuate.

332 FTJNGUS-FLOKA.

Subgen. III. LIMACIUM. Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 31.

Universal veil viscid, partial veil floccose, often forming a
trace of a ring, or attached to the margin of the pileus;
stem covered with scales, or often with wart-like squainule&
near the apex. Gills adnato-decurrent.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.
Sulfjen. I. HYGKOCYBE.

* Gills decurrent.

** Gills adnexed, eventually separating from the stem
more or less completely.

* Gills decurrent.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) Colemannianus. Blox.

Pileus up to 2 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, margin
thin ; somewhat campanulate, then expanded and strongly
umbonate; pale umber, slightly striate, and viscid when
moist, paler, except the disc, when dry; gills deeply de-
current, connected by veins, thickieh, distant, pallid brown ;
stem 1-1^ in. long, nearly equal, often slightly curved,
rather silky, pale, solid ; spores elliptical, 7 x 4 p..

Hygrophorus Colemannianus, Bloxam, in Berk., Outl., p. 200 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 903; Cke., Hdbk., p. 298.

Among grass.

Pileus 1—2 in. broad, at first subcampanulate, at length
expanded, strongly umbonate, reddish-umber, paler when
dry, except in the centre; when moist striate and very
obscurely viscid. Stem 1 in. or more high, 1-2 lines thick,
brittle, fibrous, nearly equal, white, very slightly tinged with
umber, somewhat silky; gills umber, but paler than the
pileus, strongly decurrent, broad, distant ; interstices strongly
veined and rugose. (B. & Br,)

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) foetens. Phill.
Yery foetid and nauseous. Pileus about 1 in. across,
hemispherical then convex, at length expanded and some-

HYGROPHORUS. 333

times slightly depressed, umber, dry, then more or less
broken up and cracked ; gills decurrent, about 1 line broad,
grey; stem 1-1 1 in. long, 1-1 i line thick, usually slightly
thinner towards the base, olive-yellow, cracked up into
transverse fibrous squamules; spores subglobose, apiculate,
4-5 p. diameter.

Hygropliorus foelens, Phillips, Grev., vii. p. 74; Cke.,
ITdbk., p. 299 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 903s.

Among grass.

Gregarious or in small clusters. Distinguished by its
small size, umber pileus, and very foetid smell.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) sciophanus. Fr.

Pileus i-H in across, disc fleshy, remainder membrana-
ceous, hemispherical or obtusely campanulate, then expanded,
always obtuse, rather viscid, disc even, faintly and remotely
pellucidly striate towards the margin, deep tawny or vivid
brick-red, opaque, very hygrophanous, pale when dry,
becoming more or less lacerate and whitish when old ; gills
adnate, narrowed behind, at first evidently ascending, then
plane, distant, usually distinct, coloured like the pileus, or
sometimes with a rosy tinge; stem l|-3 in. long, thin,
everywhere equal, flexuous, even, glabrous, shiny, paler than
the pileus, hollow.

Hygrophorus sciophanus, Fries, Epicr., p. 329 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 299 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 937A.

Among grass and moss.

Very elegant, densely gregarious, fragile, deep tawny,
stem paler or whitish, never straight.

Spores very pale clay-coloured. There were two forms,
one with a darker pileus and the flesh dark, the other paler,
with the flesh also pale. The former only deposited spores ;
it is probable, therefore, that the pale form was not so fully
developed. (Berk.)

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) lactus. Fr.
Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, margin almost mem-
branaceous, convex then expanded, obtuse, slimy, even or
pellucidly striate towards the margin, tawny, shining, not
becoming pale; gills somewhat decurrent, distant, thin,
slightly connected by veins, generally flesh-coloured, but

334 FUNGUS-FLORA.

varying to white, smoky, &c. ; stem 2-3 in. long, about 2
lines thick, equal, tough, even, very glabrous, slimy, tawny,
hollow, frequently undulated, and having the apex darker ;
spores elliptical, smooth, 7 X 4-5 //,.

Hygrophorus lactus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 18; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 299 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 938.

Hygrophorus Houghtoni, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no.
1360; Cke., Hdbk., p. 299 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 936.

Among grass and moss.

After examining the type specimens of H. Houghtoni, I
quite agree with Dr. Cooke in uniting it with the present
species.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) vitellinus. Fr.

Pileus |-1 in. across, disc rather fleshy, remainder very
thin ; glabrous, viscid, deep lemon-yellow, whitish when
dry, margin plicato-striate ; gills deeply decurrent, rather
distant, deeper yellow than the pileus ; stem about 2 in. long,
scarcely line thick, even, glabrous, pale yellow, whitish when
dry, very fragile, hollow, usually flexuous ; spores elliptical,
6 x 4/x.

Hygrophorus vitellinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 312; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 300 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 904A.

In fields, &c.

Somewhat resembling H. ceraceus, but certainly different
in the bright lemon-yellow colour of every part becoming
almost white when dry, plicate margin of the pileus, and the
deeply decurrent gills.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) ceraceus. Wulf.

Pileus about 1 in. across, fragile, flesh thin, convex then
more or less plane, obtuse, slightly viscid, pellucidly stria-
tulate, waxy yellow, shining; stem 1-2 in. long, about 2
lines thick, often unequal and flexuous, smooth, coloured like
the pileus, hollow ; gills slightly decurrent, almost triangular,
broad, distinct, yellow ; spores elliptical, 8 X 6 p..

Hygrophorus ceraceus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 300 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 904B.

Agaricus ceraceus, Wulf., in Jacq. Coll., ii. t. 15, f. 2.

In pastures.

Fragile, readily distinguished from every other species by
the unchangeable, wax-yellow colour. (Fries.)

HYGROPHORUS. 335-

Pileus 1 in. broad, convexo-plane, occasionally subumbo-
nate, viscid, subcarnose, margin substriate. Gills very broad
(£ in.), ventricose, connected by veins. Stem 2-3 £ in. long,
2 lines or more thick, flexuous, equal, or slightly unequal,
sometimes compressed, yellow, occasionally orange at the
base. (Berk.)

Pileus plano-convex, nearly 1 in. in breadth, yellow, shin-
ing, dry and sometimes concave in age. Lamellae rather
broad, distant, yellow, decurrent; stipes rather slender,
2-3 in. long, hollow, often compressed, yellow, attenuated at
the base. Plant subgregarioiis. (Grev.)

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) coccineus. Schaeffer.

Pileus 1-2| in. across, convex then plane, often irregular,
at first viscid, even, bright crimson, then becoming pale, not
floccosely squamulose; flesh thin, coloured like the pileus
and also descending into the similarly coloured trama ; gills
broadly adnate with a decurrent tooth, distant, connected by
veins, soft and watery, base purplish, middle pale yellow,
margin glaucous when adult; stem about 2 in. long, 3-4
lines thick, then compressed, almost even, not slimy, crimson
above, base always pale yellow, hollow; spores elliptical,
smooth, 10-12 X 6 /A.

Hygrophorus coccineus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 19 ; Cke., Ilustr.,
pi. 920.

Agaricus coccineus, Schaeffer, Fung. Bav., t. 302.

Among moss and grass, and in open places.

Size variable. Distinguished from H. puniceus, by the
broadly adnate gills and yellow base of stem, and from H.
miniatus by its larger size the pileus being glabrous when
old, and yellow base of stem.

Pileus 1-2 in. broad, at first obtuse, conico-campanulate, at
length inverted, sometimes strongly umbonate, splitting
from the centre, yellow, orange or scarlet, viscid when moist,
when dry pallid, appearing to the eye fibrillose, but not
really so; margin thin, more or less wavy. Gills broad,
vontricose, wrinkled, thick, connected by veins, retaining
their colour longer than the pileus, adnate, with a decurrent
tooth in depressed specimens. Stem H in. long, £ in. thick,
more or less hollow, subflexuous, smooth though apparently
subfibrillose, tough but easily splitting. (Berk.)

336 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) miniatus. Fr.

Pileus |-1 in. across, flesh thin, convex, obtuse, then um-
bilicate, at first even, glabrous, crimson, then becoming pale,
opaque, and squamulose ; gills adnate, not at all decurrent,
distant, distinct, rather thick and firm, yellow or sometimes
tinged more or less with crimson ; stem 1^-2 in. long, about
1 line thick, even, glabrous, shining, crimson, equal, round,
imperfectly stuffed; spores elliptical, 10 x 6 /*.

HygropTiorus miniatus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 19 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 921 A.

Among grass in pastures, woods, &c.

Very fragile, much smaller than the other crimson or
blood-red species, H. coccineus and H. puniceus. Pileus uru-
bilicate, bleached, and squamulose when old.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) turundus. Fr.

Pileus ^— | in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded and
depressed or timbilicate, covered with greyish-brown down,
at length minutely squamulose ; margin incurved, crenulate ;
gills decurrent, distant, white then yellowish ; stem about
1^ in. long, slender, rigid, equal, shining, tawny, stuffed then
hollow.

Hygrophorus turundus, Fries, Epicr., p. 330 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 301.

On the ground.

Very fragile ; allied to H. miniatus but very dissimilar.
Pileus soon broken up into smoky floccose particles, but
golden and viscid at first. (Fries.)

Var. mollis. B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1279 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 921B.

Pileus £-§ in. across, nearly plane then slightly depressed,
golden yellow, clad with short radiating fibrils of the same
colour, stem equal, stuffed, 1-1 1 in. long, slender, and yellow
with a red tinge, base white, hollow ; gills distant, arcuate,
slightly decurrent ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /*•

On naked soil.

In Cooke's figure, copied from Berkeley's drawing, the
pileus is more or less crimson with golden fibrils.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) mucronellus. Fr.
Pileus |-| in. across, almost membranaceous, conical then
campanulate, acutely umbonate, margin sometimes upturned

HYGROPHORU?. 337

with age, glabrous, bright red, becoming pale ; gills decur-
rent, triangular, thick, yellow; stem 1-1^ in. long, £ line
thick, equal, fibrous and rather silky, coloured like the
pilous, base white, hollow.

Hygrophorus mucroiiellw, Fries, Epicr., p. 331 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 301 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 937u.

In grass fields.

Stem usnally slightly curved. Known from the other
small red species by the acute pileus and decurrent, trian-
gular gills.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) micaceus. B. & Br.

Pileus i-J in. across, flesh thin, hemispherical, then ex-
panded and sometimes slightly depressed, at first yellow,
then becoming grey or with a tinge of green, wrinkled,
sprinkled with micaceous particles ; gills decurrent, narrow,
pale umber; stem |-1 in. long, about 1 line thick, equal,
yellow, then brown below, granulated, solid ; spores 4 X 3 /*.

Hygrophorus micaceus, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 17791;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 301 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 905B.

On clay soil.

Mycelium white. Whole plant turns brown when dry.
(Berk, and Broome.)

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) Wynniae. B. & Br. (fig. 1,
p. 301.)

Pileus i-1 in. across, flesh equally thin ; convex, umbili-
cate or rather infundibuliform, striate, hygrophanous, lemon-
yellow, becoming greenish when dry ; gills decurrent, nar-
row, thin, yellowish, then with a green tinge ; stem about
1 in. long, and 1 line thick, slightly expanding upwards into
the pileus, smooth, coloured like the pileus, hollow ; spores
elliptical, 7-8 x 6 ft.

Hygrophorus Wynniae, B.andBr., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1787;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 905A ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 301.

On chips, among twigs, &c.

A small but very distinct species ; lemon-yellow, changing
to a greenish tint as it loses moisture, remarkable for growing
on chips and twigs.

VOL. II.

338 FUNGUS-FLORA.

* Gills adnexed, then becoming free.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) puniceus. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh very thin, at first campanulate,
obtuse, usually wavy and lobed, very irregular, even, gla-
brous, viscid, deep crimson or blood-red, becoming pale, espe-
cially at the disc when old, or in dry weather ; flesh simi-
larly coloured, fragile ; gills ascending, ventricose, 2-4 lines
broad, thick, distant, yellowish- white or pale yellow, often
tinged with red at the base, insertion various, but from the
form of the pileus, ascending, and appearing to be free ; stem
about 3 in. long, |-1 in. thick, solid when young, then hol-
low, very stout, not compressed, ventricose or attenuated at
both ends, striate, apex generally squamulose, when dry yel-
lowish or colour of the pileus, base always white, and often
incurved ; spores elliptical, 8 x 5 //..

Hygrophorus puniceus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 21 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 302 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 922.

In mossy pastures, &c.

The largest species of the genus, and very showy. Com-
monly confounded with H. coccineus, but very distinct in the
larger size, adnexed gills, and striate stem with a white base.
(Fries.)

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) obrusseus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, rigid and fragile, flesh very thin,
campanulate then expanded, wavy, somewhat lobed and often
lacerated, obtuse, dry, even, glabrous, golden-sulphur colour ;
gills adnexed, ventricose, but at length seceding from the
stem and becoming free, very broad, up to | in. thick, dis-
tant, whitish ; stem 2-3 in. long, ^ in. thick," broader when
compressed, scarcely ventricose, sulphur-yellow, base becom-
ing tawny, ascending, usually uneven, glabrous, hollow ;
spores elliptical with an oblique apiculus, 10-12 x 7 p..

Hygrophorus obrusseus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 21 ; Cke., Il-
lustr., pi. 906.

Grassy places in woods.

Not to be confounded with bleached forms of H. puniceus.
When growing always golden-sulphur, not red. The gills
are much more rigid and firmer than in allied species.
(Fries.)

ILYGROPHORUS. 339

The tawny colour at base of stem not always evident in
British specimens.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) intermedius. Pass.

Pileus up to 2 in. across, flesh very thin everywhere,
campanula te then expanded, obtuse, or sometimes with an
indication of an unibo, almost dry, margin often wavy, golden-
yellow then becoming greyish; gills adnate, ventricose,
narrowed in front, 2 lines broad at the widest part, distant,
whitish then yellow; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
equal, fibrillosely striate, yellow, hollow ; spores elliptical,
8-9 X 6 /*.

Hygrophorus intermedius, Passerini, Parm. ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
302 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 907.

Among grass.

Eemarkable for possessing the smell of meal. Eesembling
H. obrusseus in size and general appearance, but distinguished
by the pileus becoming grey, and the mealy smell.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) conicus. Fr.

Pileus 1—2 in. high and across when expanded, fragile,
flesh very thin, acutely conical, margin usually more or less
lobed, at length cracking and turning up, glabrous, viscid
when moist, shining when dry, yellow or sometimes more or
less tinged with crimson ; gills narrow behind and almost
free, ventricose, rather crowded, thin, yellowish ; stem 3-4
in. long, 3-4 lines thick, cylindrical, fibrously striate, yellow,
hollow; spores elliptical, 10-11 x 6-8 p..

Hygrophorus conicus, Fries, Epicr., p. 331 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
:J02 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 908.

In pastures.

Every part usually turning black when bruised, or as the
plant becomes old.

Pileus 1-2 in. high, acutely conic, variously waved and
lobed, fibrillose, viscid when moist or young, juicy, turning
black, as does the whole plant when broken or braised,
orange, yellow, scarlet, brown, dusky, &c., various colours
often blended together. Gills thick, fleshy, ventricose,
attenuated behind free or adnexed, yellowish with frequently
a cinereous tinge. Stem 3-4 in. long, 2-5 lines thick, often
splitting fibrilloso-striate, coloured like the pileus. Fries

z 2

340 FUNGUS-FLORA.

has observed the gills to pour forth a sulphur-coloured milk,
like A. scrdbiculatus. (Berk.)

Readily distinguished from allied species by the following
characters : — stem hollow, straight, cylindrical, fibrosely
striate ; pileus submembranaceous, acutely conical, glabrous,
more or less-lobed, then expanded and cracked, not becoming
pale when dry, as in allied species, but shining in dry weather,
and becoming blackish in rainy weather ; gills narrowed
behind and almost free ; ventricose, thin, rather crowded,
but varies to yellow, whitish, smoky, and in purple -crimson
forms, reddish at the base. (Fries.)

A polymorphous plant, especially in regard to colour.
Pileus acutely conical, smooth, shining, particular when
young, fleshy, margin striate, irregular, frequently lobed, 1—2
in. from the base to the apex of the cone, becoming partly ex-
panded in age, the margin sometimes turning up, and even
revolute, mostly some shade of deep yellow, orange, or bright
red, often intermixed with each other, in some varieties
brown or even black, the brightest colour then remaining
longest at the margin ; lamella numerous, more or less deep
yellow, ventricose, but attenuated towards the stipes, to
which they are frequently slightly attached. Stipes hollow,
with a great tendency to split, variously coloured, like the
pileus, 2—3 in. high, diameter various. (Grev.).

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) calyptraeformis. Berk.

Pileus 1^— 2i- in. high and the same across when expanded,
flesh very "thin, at first acutely conical, then splitting and
expanded, the margin eventually much upturned, innately
fibrillose, pale clear rose-colour, becoming paler with age;
gills narrowed behind and slightly adnexed 1-1 i line broad,
rather distant, pale rose-colour then whitish ; stem 3-4 in.
long, ^-J in. thick, slightly striate, white, fragile hollow ;
spores elliptical, 7 X 4 p..

Hygrophorus calyptraeformis, Berk., Outl., p. 202 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 303 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 894.

Among grass.

Habit of H. conicus, but very distinct in colour and in not
turning black. A very beautiful species. Fragile.

Var. niveus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 303 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. P23.

HYGROPHORUS. 341

Size and form of the typical specie?, but entirely snow-
white.

Among grass.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) chlorophanus. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, somewhat membranaceous, very
fragile, at first convex, then plane, obtuse, orbicular, lobed,
at length cracked, glabrous, viscid, striate, not becoming
discoloured, usually bright sulphur, sometimes truly crimson ;
gills emarginate, adnexed, very ventricose, with a small
decurrent tooth, rather distant, distinct and thin ; stem
hollow, equal, round, rarely compressed, 2-3 in. long, 2-3
lines thick, everywhere even, glabrous, viscid when moist,
shining when dry, everywhere deep yellow ; spores elliptical
with an apiculup, 8 x 5 /n.

Hygrophorus chlorophanus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 23 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 303 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 909.

Grassy places, especially in woods.

Closely allied to H. conicus, but does not become black
after being bruised, and the obtuse pileus separates the two.
Differs from H. ceraceus in the bright sulphur-yellow colour,
watery substance, and emarginate gills. (Fries.)

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) psittacinus. Schaeff.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then
expanded, more or less acutely umbonate, vaguely-striate,
yellow or orange, covered with an evanescent green gluten ;
gills adnate, 1 line or more broad, ventricose, distant, thick,
yellow with more or less green; stem 1-2 in. long, 1-2 lines
thick, equal, even, often a little curved, yellow, generally
green at the apex, hollow ; spores elliptical, 10 X 5 /u..

Hygrophorus psittacinus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 303; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 910.

Agaricus psittacinus, Schaeffer, Icon., t. 301.

In pastures, &c.

Whole plant green at first, at length almost entirely
yellow, except the summit of the stipes, which frequently,
remain green to the last, pileus about 1 in. in breadth,
conical, becoming somewhat plane or umbonate, or, at least,
spreading at the margin, smooth, glutinous, striated when
moist, the edge subentire, often cracking. Flesh thin,
yellowish. Lamellae rather thick and somewhat distant,

342 FUNGUS-FLORA.

slightly attached to the stipes, broadest in the centre, bright
yellow, frequently shaded with green. Stipes hollow,
splitting, very viscid, 2-3 in. high, about 2 lines thick,
sometimes compressed, mostly crooked at the base, green
above, yellow below. The colour of the whole plant varies
greatly in intensity. It bears the.; nearest affinity to Ag.
conicus ( = Hyf/rophoru8 conicus), from" which indeed it is diffi-
cult to separate it by a written character. The strongest
difference resides in the green colour, which is fortunately
very constant. It may be added, that the lamellae are
crowded in Ag. conicus, and not adnate with the stipes, that
the pileus, when young, forms a much higher cone, and
that the margin is very irregular, being frequently even
lobed. (Grev.)

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) spadiceus. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then ex-
panded, obtuse, very glutinous, distinctly virgate with black
fibrils, olive-bay, black when dry, shining ; gills broad and
rounded behind, rather thick, broad, lemon-yellow, distant ;
stem about 3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, dry, striato-virgate
with brownish fibrils, fundamental colour yellowish, equal,
straight, hollow ; spores elliptical, 6-7 X 4 p..

HyyropJiorus spadiceus, Fries, Epicr., p. 332 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 304; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1161.

In mossy meadows, &c.

Very similar to H. conicus, but the substance is firmer,
never presenting a scorched, blackish appearance while
growing or when bruised; pileus quite black when dry;
distinctly virgate, more glutinous when moist and not
striate ; gills thicker, more distant, and not narrowed behind.

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) unguinosus. Fr.
Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then
convex, obtuse, covered with a tenacious smoky-brown,
dripping gluten, even, at length cracking ; gills adnate but
very ventricose, distant, thick, broad, connected by veins,
whitish becoming rather glaucous, soft ; stem about 2 in.
long, 3 lines thick, usually attenuated at base and apex,
unequal, more or less compressed, glutinous, coloured like
the pileus, hollow; spores 10 x 7-8 p..

HYGROPHORUS. 343

HygropJtorua unguinosiis, Fries, Epicr., p. 332 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 304 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 924.

In moist woods, &c.

Very fragile ; covered with a dense smoke-coloured gluten
when growing. (Fries.)

Very fragile, inodorous, covered with gluten when growing,
sooty, unchangeable, stem 2-3 in long, 3 lines thick, usually
attenuated at base and apex, colour of the pileus. Pileus
slightly fleshy, covered with a tenacious gluten that falls
away in drops, even or slightly rivulose, about 2 in. across ;
gills distant, thick, up to 4 lines broad, connected by veins,
soft, becoming glaucous. (Fries.)

Hygrophorus (Hygro.) nitratus. Pers.

Fragile; smell very strong, nitrous. Pilexis 1|-2| in.
across, flesh thin ; campanulate then expanded and usually
wavy, viscid, soon dry and breaking up into minute squa-
mules, dingy greyish-brown ; gills adnate, soon separating
from the stem, broad, distant, white then glaucous ; stem
2—3 in. long, up to £ in. thick, unequal, more or less com-
pressed, polished, whitish or yellowish, imperfectly hollow;
spores elliptical, 8 x 5 p..

Hygroplwrus nitratus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 304 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 925.

Hyfjrophorus murinacius, Pries, Epicr., p. 333.

Agaricu8 nitratus, Persoon, Syn., p. 356.

In pastures.

Stature of H. coccineus, but differing altogether in colour
and strong nitrous smell. Stem often yellowish.

A very distinct species, distinguished by the dingy colour,
and strong nitrous smell. Size and habitat very variable.

(A). Major, stem hollow, equal, but often twisted, at
length more or less compressed, fragile, 2-3 in. long, 3-5
lines thick, externally polished, glabrous, white, composed
of thick, crisp fibres. Pileus scarcely fleshy, very fragile,
convex, obtuse, or having the centre depressed, slightly
viscid at first, soon flocculose then squamulose, and cracked,
deformed, rather wavy, becoming pale, 2 in. broad. Gills
broadly emarginate, very broad, up to f in., obliquely ovate,
distant, thick, soft, connected by veins, whitish then
glaucous. (B). A smaller form in sunny places among grass,

344 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

stem 1 in. and more long, 1-3 lines thick, unequal, usually
compressed and wavy, sometimes becoming yellowish. Pileus
when young viscid when moist, smooth, brown, but soon dry
and cracked into squamules, grey, i-1 in. across. Gills at
first adnate, with a decurrent tooth, white, then ventricose
and glaucous, but broad and thick. (Fries.)

Far. glauco-nitens, Fries, Epicr., p. 54; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 304.

Eigid ; pileus fibrillosely virgate ; blackish-olive or sooty,
becoming pale ; stem equal, shining, gills becoming glaucous ;
spores elliptical, 8 x 6 /x.

Among grass.

Subgen. II. CAMAROPHYLLUS.

* Gills deeply and at length obconically decurrent.
** Gills plano-adnate or sinuately arcuate, ventricose.

Hygrophorus (Camar.) caprinus. Scop.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, thinning out
towards the margin ; conical then expanded and umbonate,
becoming depressed and rather wavy, moist, virgate, sooty-
brown or blackish ; gills deeply decurrent, very broad and
very distant, thick, pure white then glaucous ; stem 2-3 in.
long, ^— § in. thick, more or less equal, fibrillose, sooty ; solid,
expanding at the apex into the flesh of the pileus ; spores
broadly elliptical, smooth, 10 X 7-8 p..

Hygrophorus caprinus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 294; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 916.

Agaricus caprinus, Scopoli, Carn., ii. p. 438.

In pine woods, &c.

The largest species of the genus, and very distinct,
scarcely comparable with any other species. Pileus some-
times blackish or bluish, at first with a nut-shaped umbo.
Gills somewhat branched, soft when adult, waxy, the hyme-
nium separating from the trama. (Fries.)

Hygrophorus (Camar.) leporinus. Fr.
Pileus about 2 in. across, equally and very fleshy, convex,
gibbous, equal, broken up into floccose fibrils, reddish-

HYGROPHORUS. 3A5

yellow, opaque ; gills decurrent, rather narrow, yellowish-
red ; stem about 2 in. long, § in. thick, or sometimes more,
attenuated at the base or more or less fusiform, solid, fibril-
lose, pallid, sometimes tawny at the base ; spores subglobose,
5-6 p. diameter.

Bygrophorus leporinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 326 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 294 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 930.

On open downs, <fcc., also in woods.

Closely resembling H. pratemis. Stem rigid, usually at-
tenuated below, rarely at the apex. Pileus 1-2 in. broad,
cuticle broken up into floccose tufts, colour yellowish-rufous
or brownish. (Fries.)

Hygrophorus (Camar.) nemoreus. Fr.

Pileus li-2i- in. across, flesh thick, attenuated to a very
thin margin; convex, then expanded and gibbous or de-
pressed, almost glabrous, tawny-orange; gills decurrent,
thick, distant, about 1| line broad, as deeply coloured as the
pileus, stem about 2 m. long, £ in. or more thick at the
apex, slightly attenuated towards the base, or sometimes
subequal or slightly ventricose, stuffed, firm, whitish,
fibrosely striate and minutely scaly ; spores elliptical,
6 x 5/x.

Hygrophorus nemoreus, Fries, Epicr., p. 326 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 294; Cke;, Illustr., pi. 931.

In pastures.

Allied to H. pratemis and chiefly distinguished by the
squamulose, pale stem.

Hygrophorus (Camar.) pratensis. Fr.
Every part yellowish-tawny or buff. Pileus 1-3 in. across,
very fleshy at the disc, but thin towards the margin, convex,
then expanded, almost turbinate with the stem thickened
upwards ; even, glabrous, moist in rainy weather, but not
viscid, often cracked when dry ; flesh firm, white, apparently
formed from the upward dilatation of the stem. Gills re-
markably decurrent, at first arcuate, very distant, firm,
fragile, connected by veins at the base, very broad at the
middle ; stem 1^-2 in. long, stuffed, spongy within, polished
and even externally, firm, £ in. and more thick at the apex,
attenuated downwards, even, glabrous, naked ; veil absent ;
spores elliptical, 6 x 4 /x.

346 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Hygrophorus pratensis, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 12 ; Cke., Hdbk..,
p. 294 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 917.

Among grass in pastures, also in woods.

Very variable. Specimens are sometimes entirely white,
others grey ; stem often white ; when the pileus is especially
thin, the margin becomes striate. (Fries.)

Pileus variable, often monstrous, firm, 1-2 in. broad, com-
pact, margin thin, very dry, smooth, deep buff, convex,
more or less umbonate, rarely becoming quite plane, but
frequently remaining obtusely conical. Lamellae very distant,
thick, arched, decurrent, reddish-buff. Stipes 1-2 in. high,
^-| in. thick, firm, generally somewhat crooked, attenuated
towards the base, same colour as the pileus, but rather paler,
solid spongy in the centre. (Grev.)

Var pallidus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist,, no. 1356 ; Cke.,.
Illustr., pi. 932A.

Pileus depressed or infundibuliforum, margin waved, often
bent down; stem dilated, fibrillosely striate; gills distant,
decurrent; branched, pallid; wholly ochraceous- white.

Among grass in pastures.

Var. cinereus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 413 ; Cke., Illustr.,.
pi. 392s.

Pileus grey; thinner than the typical form, margin at
length striate ; stem often whitish.

In grassy places.

Hygrophorus (Camar.) virgineus. "Wulf.

Entirely white. Pileus 1^-3 in. across, fleshy in the
centre, thin towards the margin ; convex, soon plane, obtuse
then usually depressed, moist, minutely cracked into areolae,
downy when dry ; gills decurrent, about 1^ line broad, rather
thick, distant; stem 1^—2 in. long, 3—5 lines thick at the
apex, which gradually expands into the pileus, narrowed
downwards, firm, smooth, solid ; spores elliptical, 8-10 X 5 /*»

Hygrojphorus virgineus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 295 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 892.

Agaricus virgineus, Wulf., in Jacqu. Miscell., ii. t. 15. f. 1.

Among grass.

Distinguished from H. niveus by its larger size and fleshy
pileus.

Commonly confounded with Hygr. nweus on account of the

HYGROPHORUS. 347

white colour of every part, but to me it is more difficult to
distinguish from H. pratensis, with which it agrees in the
firm, short, stuffed stem attenuated downwards, smooth and
naked externally ; pileus fleshy, convex then plane, at length
somewhat depressed, moist in damp weather; flesh some-
times equal, sometimes abruptly thin, striate ; gills de-
current, distant, rather thick. Distinguished from H. pra-
tensis more especially by its small stature, constantly white
coloiir, sometimes becoming pallid, pileus obtuse, scarcely
turbinate ; at length cracked in an areolate manner, and
floccose when dry, thin gills, &c. Certain individuals often
difficult to distinguish from allied species. (Fries.)

Far. roseipes, Mass., in Cke., Hdbk,, p. 295 ; Cke., Ulustr.,
pi. 893. Size of the typical form, differing in the stem soon
becoming hollow and rosy towards the base; spores pip-
shaped, 12 x 5-6 fi.

In fir woods, &c.

Hygrophorus (Camar.) niveus. Fr.

Entirely white ; pileus -^—1 in. across, almost membrana-
ceous, without a fleshy disc, hence truly umbilicate, cam-
panulate then convex, glabrous, striate and viscid when
moist, not cracked when dry ; flesh thin, everywhere equal,
white, hygrophanous. Gills Recurrent, distant, thin, scarcely
connected by veins, arcuate, quite entire ; stem hollow, equal,
2 in. or more long, 1-2 lines thick, straight, even, glabrous ;
spores elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 //,.

Hygrophorus niveus, Fries, Epicr., p. 327 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 295 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 900A.

Among grass, moss, &c.

More slender, tougher, hygrophanous, and appearing later
in the season than H. virgineus. White, hygrophanous,
shining '.white when dry. Smell none, and in this respect
differing from H. russo-coriaceus.

Hygrophorus (Camar.) russo-coriaceus. B & Br.
White ; fragrant. Pileus ^-£ in. across, persistently con-
vex, disc very fleshy, becoming very thin towards the margin,
smooth, rather viscid; gills decurrent, 1| line broad, thick,
very distant ; with shorter ones between, arched, white ;
stem up to 1 in. long, H-2 lines thick at the apex, which

348 FUXGUS-FLOKA.

widens into the flesh of the pileus, slightly narrowed towards
the base, smooth, white, solid ; spores elliptical, 8 x 5 /j..

Hygrophorus russo-coriaceus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no.
332 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 296 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 900B.

In pastures, &c.

About the size of H. niveus, but very distinct in the thick
flesh at the disc of the persistently convex pileus, which is
not at all umbilicate, the thick, distant gills, and the strong
scent. The stem is stout and expanding upwards into the
pileus, both in Berkeley's type specimens and in his sketches,
nevertheless a thin-stemmed form, as described by B. & Br.
in the following note, may have occurred.

Pileus about | in. in diameter, convex, fleshy, slightly
viscid, ivory-white. Stem f-1 in. high, not a line thick,
incrassated upwards, smooth, solid, pure white. Gills thick,
broad, arched, decurrent, very few and distant, with a few
shorter ones intermixed. The whole plant exhales a strong
musky smell, like that of Eussian leather, or Potentilla
atrosanguinea, which it sometimes retains for years. It is at
once known by its delightful odour. (B. & Br.)

Hygrophorus (Camar.) ventricosus. B. & Br.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, very fleshy at the disc, margin thin ;
persistently convex, sometimes irregular, white ; gills deeply
decurrent, narrow, white ; stem 2-3 in. high, ^-§- in. at the
thickest part, ventricose, solid, smooth, white ; spores ellip-
tical, 7 x 4 fj..

Hygrophorus ventricosus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 1777 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 296; Cke., Illustr., pi. 901.

Among grass.

Stem often becoming imperfectly hollow ; gills sometimes
forked. Known among the entirely white species by the
very fleshy pileus, and stout ventricose stem.

** Gills adnate or sinuate.

Hygrophorus (Camar.) fornicatus. Fr.
Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then ex-
panded, obsoletely umbonate, somewhat wavy, viscid, even,
glabrous, white, or livid; gills sometimes almost free, at

HYGROPHORUS. 349

others slightly adnexed with a decurrent tooth, thick,
ventricose, distant, distinct, projecting beyond the margin
of the pileus, white ; stem solid, or hollow at the apex,
compact, firm, tough, equal, 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
rather wavy, glabrous, shining white ; spores elliptical,
5-6 x 3 p.

Hygrophorus foniicatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 327 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 296 ; Cke., Illnstr., pi. 993.

Among grass and moss.

Agreeing with H. pratemis in the structure of the pileus
and stem, but very different in the insertion of the gills, and
in being entirely white. Fries says that the base of the
stem is sometimes furnished with fuscous squamules.

Hygrophorus (Camar.) distans. Berk.

Pileus 1-1 *- in. across, flesh rather thin ; plane or depressed,
sometimes with an indication of an umbo, viscid, white with
a silky gloss, here and there stained with brown ; gills
adnate with a very slight tendency to become decurrent,
broad behind, very distant, pure white ; stem 1-1 i in. long,
2-3 lines thick, slightly attenuated and grey below, white
above, stuffed ; spores broadly elliptical, 10 x 8 p..

Hygrophorus distans, Berk., Outl., p. 200, t. 13, f. 1 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 296 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 902.

In woods.

A neat species with a regular pileus. Distinguished
among species with a white pileus by the very distant,
adnate gills. In Cooke's figures the stem is entirely white.

Hygrophorus (Camar.) Clarkii. B. & Br.

Pileus H-2 in. across, fragile, flesh thin, convex then
more or less plane, somewhat umbonate, smooth, margin
even, viscid, livid grey ; gills broadly adnate with a decurrent
tooth, up to 5 lines broad, thick, distant, white ; stem 2-3 in.
long, about 2 lines thick, equal, smooth, grey, base white,
often slightly bent, hollow; spores subglobose, smooth,
12 x 10 p.

Hygrophorus ClarJcii, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no. 1358 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 297 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 934A.

In woods, &c.

A very fine species, characterised by the livid grey stem
and pileus, the very broad, distant, adnate gills, and the

350 FUNGUS-FLORA.

large subglobose spores. H. distans differs in the white
umbilicate pileus.

Hygrophorus (Camar.j metapodius. Fr.

Pileus l|-3 in. across, flesh |- in. thick at the disc, pale
grey, convex then plane, obtuse, at first even and somewhat
shining, then silky and squamulose, irregular, greyish-
brown ; gills variable in mode of attachment, adnate, broadly
emarginate or arcuato-decurrent, distant, thick, veined, about
3 lines broad, greyish-white ; stem stuffed, 1—2 in. long,
•iy in. and more thick, attenuated towards the base, unequal,
ascending, glabrous, grey, reddish inside; spores elliptical,
8 x 5/x.

Hygrophorus metapodius, Fries, Epicr., p. 328 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pL 218.

In mossy pastures, &c.

Very distinct from H. ovinus, the only species to which it
is allied, in the thick flesh, fragility, and often deformed
when growing in clusters. From the thick flesh becoming
reddish and afterwards blackish when broken, and the juicy
gills, the present species is very analogous with Eussula
adusta. Smell resembling new meal, taste sweet. (Fries.)

Hygrophorus (Camar.) ovinus. Bull.

Pileus l|-2^ in. across, flesh thin, campanulate then
expanded, rather umbonate, at first rather viscid and even,
then dry and squamulose, brown, at length revolute, wavy,
cracked, blackish in large forms ; gills arcuato-adnate, with
a decurrent tooth, distant, thick, usually 3 lines broad,
connected by veins, and sometimes divided, grey then tinged
rufous, margin thin, quite entire ; stem about 2 in. long,
3 lines thick, almost equal, or slightly thickened at each
end, curved or twisted, compressed, glabrous, rather polished,
pallid, or in large specimens blackish-brown ; spores broadly
elliptical, 5 X 3-4 //,.

HygropJiorus ovinus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 15; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 934B.

Agaricus ovinus, Bull., Champ., t. 580.

In mossy pastures, also in woods.

Closely allied to H. metapodius, smell almost the same;
very fragile, but differing in the rigid, fragile, very thin

HYGROPHORUS. 351

pileus, at first almost conical ; stem not attenuated down-
wards, at length hollow, and thinner gills. (Fries.)

Pileus about 1 in. broad, brownish or subochraceous, sub-
carnose, at first coaic, obtuse, afterwards expanded with a
strong umbo, much waved and split at the margin, which is
at first involute and minutely tomentose ; the surface rimose.
Gills distant, broad in front, ventricose, acutely arcuato-
adnate, thick, connected and traversed by veins, white with
a slight reddish-cinereous tinge. Stem 1-1 1 in. high, 2-4
lines thick, nearly equal, stuffed, at length hollow ; pruinose
above, with sometimes a few superficial squamulae towards
the base. (Berk.)

Hygrophprus (Camar.) subradiatus. Fr.
Pileus l|-2 in. across, disc rather fleshy, remainder almost
membranaceous, somewhat umbonate, brownish, especially
at the disc, radiately striate ; gills broadly adnate with a
decurrent tooth, ventricose, thin, distant, white ; stem H-2i
in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, glabrous, pallid, base white",
hollow ; spores broadly elliptical, smooth, 8 x 5 /-t.

Hygrophorus subradiatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 328 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 297 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 935A.
On ground, among heather, &c.

Stein often twisted. Pileus variable in colour, whitish,
livid, or livid with a reddish tinge. (Fries.)

Far. lacmus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 16 ; Cke., Illustr., pi.
V>35B. ?

Pileus about 1 in. across, fragile, disc fleshy, the rest
membranaceous, plane then depressed, sometimes at the
same time umbonate, margin irregular, radiato-striate when
moist, even and shining when dry, usually glabrous but
sometimes fibrillose or squamulose at the disc, lilac then
pallid ; gills very slightly decurrent ; 1 line broadnthin, rather
distant, connected by veins, grey ; stem 2-2 1 in. long, often
twisted, glabrous, somewhat shining, stuffed then hollow,
base and apex narrowed ; spores 8 x 5-6 p.
Among moss, &c.

Cooke's figure does not at all agree with Fries' description
in his Monogr. as given above.

Hygrophorus (Camar.) irrigatus. Fr.
Pileus 1-2] in. across, flesh very thin, campanulate then

352 FUNGUS-FLORA.

expanded, indistinctly umbonate, often becoming depressed
round the umbo, and the margin upturned and more or less
striate when old, livid with a tinge of brown at the disc,
moist in rainy weather but not viscid ; gills adnate with a
slight decurrent tooth, ventricose, 3—4 lines broad, thickish,
rather distant, whitish ; stem 2—3 in. long, 2—3 lines thick,
hollow, rather tough, glabrous, grey, very viscid, often com-
pressed ; spores elliptical, 6-7 x 4 ft.

Hygrophorus irrigatus, Fries, Epicr., i. p. 39 ; Cke., Hdbk^
p. 298; Cke., Illustr., pi. 919.

Amongst grass.

Hygrophorm unguinosus resembles the present species, but
is distinguished by the viscid pileus. H. ClarJcii is readily
distinguished by the globose spores.

Hygrophorus (Camar.) clivalis. Fr.

Pileus about 1^ in. across, disc rather fleshy, remainder
very thin, fragile, at first campanulate, obtuse, margin in-
curved, flexuous, glabrous, even, opaque, then expanded and
gibbous, irregular, often cracked, polished, shining, striate
owing to the thinness of the margin ; gills at first adnexed,
crowded, very ventricose when the pileus is expanded, dis-
tant, rather thick, fragile; attenuated behind, or free, or
arcuate and with a decurrent tooth ; stem solid, flesh fibrous,
not more than 1 in. long, 3—4 lines thick, attenuated at the
base, round or compressed and curved, even, glabrous, fragile,
mostly white.

Hygrophorus clivalis, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 134; Fries, Hym.
Eur., p. 414.

Amongst grass in damp places.

Pileus somewhat gibbous, not viscid ; distinguished from
H. distans in the gills being narrowed behind and nearly
free.

Sulgen. III. LIMACIUM.

* White, or becoming yellowish.

** Eeddish.

*** Tawny, or yellow.

**** Olivaceous umber.

Dingy grey, or livid.

HYGROPHORUS. 353

* Wliite, or becoming yellowish.

Hygrophorus (Lima.) chrysodon. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then plane, obtuse, viscid,
white, shining when dry, but the disc usually becoming
yellowish, and with minute, adpressed squamules, margin
with yellow fibrils; flesh white, sometimes tinged red; gills
decurrent, distant, 3 lines broad, thin, white, margin yel-
lowish, sometimes crisped ; stem stuffed, soft, almost equal,
2-3 in. long, about -J- in. thick, white, with minute yellow
squamules, crowded towards the apex in the form of a ring ;
spores elliptical, 8 x 4 p.

Hygrophorus chrysodon, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 3; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 885.

On the ground in woods, &c.

Keadily known by the white colour of every part, and
by having the margin of the gills, margin of pileus, and
upper portion of stem more or less tinged yellow.

It not only grew under the lime underwood, but amongst
grass in the open glades. It resembles very closely in
many respects, Hygr. eburneus, but is beautifully distinguished
by the golden yellow pubescence which is sprinkled here
and there over the plant, but principally on the stem, and
margin of the pileus. Sometimes the gills are elegantly
edged with yellow flocci. The smell is strong, like that
of Hygr. cossus. (Berk.)

Hygrophorus (Lima.) eburneus. Bull.

Everywhere white. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather
thick at the disc, thin towards the margin ; convex then
almost plane, even, viscid, margin at first incurved and
downy, soon naked; gills decxirrent, distant, firm, straight,
about 1-i- line broad ; stem 14-3 in. long, attenuated towards
the base, viscid, rough at the apex with wart-like squam-
ules, stuffed then hollow; spores broadly pip-shaped, 5 x
4/i.

Hygrophorus eburneus, Cke., Ildbk., p. 289 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 886.

Agnricua eburneus, Bulliard, Champ. Fi\, t. 551, f. 2.

In woods.

2 A

354 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Resembling H. cossua in general appearance, but the colour
is a much purer white, and the smell weak, but pleasant.

Pileus white, smooth, slimy when young and in wet
weather, shining when dry, 1-2 in. broad, more or less um-
bonate, the margin turning up in age- Lamellae distant,
white, thick, very decurrent, broad. Stipes 1—3 in. high,
slightly crooked, firm, scurfy or nearly smooth, often attenu-
ated at the base, solid, becoming hollow in age. (Grev.)

Altogether shining white ; pileus and stem very glutinous
in rainy weather ; stem rough with points at the apex ; pileus
involute when young at the margin, which is downy, but
soon naked. Size very variable, pileus convex then plane,
somewhat wavy, even, glabrous, thin or rather thick in the
flesh. Stem sometimes short, sometimes elongated, but soft
within and at length hollow, thinner towards the base, apex
scabrid. Gills decurrent, distant, veined at the base, 3-4
lines broad, straight, quite entire. Smell sweet, not unplea-
sant. (Fries.)

Hygrophorus (Lima.) cossus. Sow.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then plane,
obtuse, glabrous, glutinous, shining when dry, white with a
yellow tinge, disc somewhat ochraceous ; flesh white ; gills
adnato-decurrent, distant, connected by veins, firm, white ;
stem 2—3 in. long, sometimes more, 2-5 lines thick, about
equal, white, scurfy or rough with points above, white, often
with a yellow tinge ; spores elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 p. Smell
very strong, resembling that of the goat-moth.

Agaricus cossus, Sow., t. 121.

Hygrophorus cossus, Fries, Epicr., p. 321 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
289 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 887.

Among grass in woods, &c.

Allied to H. eburneus, differs in the yellowish pileus having
the margin naked from the first, and especially in the unplea-
sant smell, resembling that of the goat-moth. (Fries.)

Pileus Ij in. broad, pure white, slimy (slime consisting of
round and "oval bodies under a high magnifier), shining when
dry, stained here and there with yellowish ; the disc some-
1 iines subochraceous. Gills broad, thick, distant, adnato-de-
current, connected by veins and themselves slightly veined.
Spores white, elliptic. Stem 1\ in. high, 1-3 lines thick,

HYGROPHOBUS. 355

nearly equal, hero and there yellow when bruised. Smell
like that of the larva of the goat-moth, or a damp meadow,
and remaining for a long time on the fingers after touching
it. (Berk.)

Hygrophorus (Lima.) pulverulentus. B. & Br.

Pileus about i in. across, fleshy, convex, sometimes becom-
ing slightly depressed, viscid, white, margin slightly in-
curved, downy; gills decurrent, thick, margin rather thick,
whitish ; stem about ^ in. long, nearly 1 line thick, slightly
ourved, equal or attenuated at the base, white but powdered
with rosy meal ; spores globose, 7 p. diameter.

Jfygrophorus pulvcrulentus, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
no. 1669 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 290 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 895A.

Among pine leaves, &c.

Distinguished by its small size and rose-powdered stem.

Hygrophorus (Lima.) penarius. Sow.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, especially when young, at first
nmbonate, then very obtuse, hemispherical then expanded,
even, glabrous, usually dry, opaque, tan-colour ; margin in-
volute at first, extending beyond the gills, then expanded
and wavy ; flesh thick, hard, whitish, unchangeable ; gills
very slightly decurrent, distant, thick, 3-4 lines broad,
veined, pallid-tan ; stem l|-2 in. long, apex up to |- in. thick,
ventricose or attenuated downwards and terminating in a
long, fusiform root, solid, compact, hard, pallid-white, covered
with sticky gluten which soon becomes dry and roughened ;
veil not evident ; spores elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4 p..

Agaricns penarius, Sow., t. 71.

Hygrophorus penarius, Cke,, Hdbk., p. 290 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 895s.

In mixed woods.

Stem hard, at first hard and thickened from the apex, then
attenuated at both ends, dry, but rough from the dried
gluten. Smell agreeable.

** Reddish

Hygrophorus (Lima.) erubescens. Fr.
Pilous 2-5 in. across, fleshy, gibbous then convexo-
plane, viscid, adpressedly squamuloso-punctate, then almost

2 A 2

356 FUNGUS-FLORA.

glabrous, flesh sometimes everywhere thick, at others thin
towards the margin, which is naked from the first, funda-
mental colour everywhere white, also the flesh, hut becoming
reddish all over, the pileus often blood or rose-red; gills
decurrent, distant, soft, white, variegated with red spots;
stem solid, sometimes short, about 2 in. long, robust, 1 in.
thick and attenuated upwards ; at other times elongated,
4 in. long, equal or attenuated at the base, flexuou?, with red
fibrils and red points at the apex ; veil absent.

Hygrophorus erubescens, Fries, Mon., ii. p. 5; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 290 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 888.

Under pines, &c., gregarious, often forming large, lax
circles.

Hygrophorus (Lima.) pudorinus. Fr.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy, convex then expanded,
obtuse, even, glabrous, viscid, vermilion flesh-colour (the
colour pure and not squalid, as in H. erubescens), the funda-
mental colour appears to be yellow ; margin naked, involute ;
flesh white; gills adnate, then decurrent, distant, distinct,
rather thick, white, not spotted; stem solid, 2-3 in. long,
-J- in. thick, glabrous, whitish, constricted at the apex, rough
with white points ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /*.

Hygrophorus pudorinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 322 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 290 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 911.

In fir woods.

Colour approaching that of H. erubescevs, but allied to
H. eburneus. Veil absent. Pileus not pelliculose, sometimes
spotted with yellow, as is also the white flesh. (Fries.)

Hygrophorus (Lima.) glutinifer. Fr.

Pileus 2—4 in. across, fleshy at the disc, margin thin,,
convex then expanded, broadly gibbous, sometimes depressed,
disc with minute wrinkles or points, rufescent, whitish
towards the margin, with a thick pellicle of gluten ; gills
slightly decurrent, arcuate, about 2 lines broad, rather thick,
•white; stem 3—4 in. long, § in. thick at the widest part,
slightly ventricose below the middle, rather elastic, coloured
like the pileus or paler upwards, and with white squamules,
viscid from the veil, stuffed.

HygropJiorous glutinifer, Fries, Epicr., p. 322 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 889; Cke., Ildbk., p. 290.

HYGROrHORUS. 357

In woods.

A very fine large species; known among the reddish,
viscid species by the ventricose stem and rugosely punctate
disc of the pileus.

*** Tawny or yellow.

Hygrophorus (Lima.) arbustivus. Fr.

Fileus 1-2 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then
almost plane, obtuse or more or less umbonate, viscid,
streaked with fine raised lines, pale tawny ; gills adnato
with a slight suggestion of becoming decurrent, rather
distant, thick, 1| line broad, firm, white; stem H-3 in.
long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, naked, elastic, pallid, the apex
with free, white, powdery granules, solid ; spores elliptical,
10 X 6 /x.

Hijgropliorus arbustivus, Fries, Epicr., p. 323 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 291 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 896A.

In woods under birch, &c.

Differs from all allies in the free (not innate) white

franules at the apex of the stem. Stem solid, H in. long,
in. thick, equal, incurved, glabrous, white becoming pallid,
polished and more rigid outside, as in Hygrophorus pratensis,
rather spongy inside, hence elastic. Pileus fleshy, convexo-
]>lane, obtuse, 2 in. broad, rather wavy, viscid, virgate with
innate fibrils but entirely glabrous, even, opaque tawny-
brick-red, becoming paler towards the margin. Gills adnate,
.scarcely decurrent, distant, distinct, thick, white. Smell and
taste not unpleasant. (Fries.)

Hygrophorus (Lima.) aureus. Arrh.

Pileus about 1 in. across, very fleshy at the disc, margin
very thin ; convex, then almost plane, obtuse, even, glutinous,
clear shining golden-yellow ; gills slightly decurrent, distant,
thin, whitish; stem about 2 in. long and 3 lines thick,
nearly or quite equal, glabrous, whitish upwards, reddish-
tawny and with an imperfect ring from the glutinous veil,
stuffed; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /x.

Hygroplwrous aureus, Arrhen., in Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 127;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 291 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 896s.

In woods.

3o8 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Distinguished from all other golden-yellow species by the
glutinous pileus and stem. In Cooke's figure the gills are-
rather deeply decurrent and deep yellow.

Hygrophorus (Lima.) discoideus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin except at the disc, at first
campanulato-convex, then plane and somewhat obtuse, at
length with the disc depressed, even, glabrous, very
glutinous, yellowish-red then becoming paler, disc always
darker and somewhat ferruginous ; gills at first adnate and
somewhat crowded, then decurrent and distant, thin, soft,
yellowish-white; stem stuffed, 1-1-2 in. long, 3-5 lines thick,
equal or attenuated upwards, very soft, texture fibrous,
flocculose, viscid, pallid white, apex spotted with white ;
spores subglobose, 5-6 x 4-5 or 6-8 x 4 p.

Hygrophorus discoideus, Fries, Epicr., p. 323 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 291 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 912.

Among grass in pine woods, &c.

Gregarious. Fries says that in the late autumn he has
met with a form having a clay-coloured pileus with a
ferruginous disc, and an elongated stern becoming hollow.
Sometimes solitary.

Hygrophorus (Lima.) aromaticus. Sow.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, convex then expanded and almost
plane, very fragile, cinnamon-colour, smooth, glutinous ; the
gluten in drying sometimes contracts and forms raised,
anastomosing ribs; disc flesh}1, margin thin; gills slightly
decurrent, about 1-J- line broad, white with a pink tinge ;
stem l|-2 in. long, 2-4 lines thick, almost equal, coloured
like the pileus, stuffed then hollow. Smell spicy, taste
acrid.

Hygrophorus aromaticus, Berk., Outl., p. 198; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 29i.

Agaricus aromalicus, Sowerby, t. 144.

Among grass.

There is a certain amount of uncertainty about the
fungus described above, and called Agaricus aromaticus by
Sowerby. It is considered by Berkeley to be a species of
Hygrophorus, hence its appearance here; the characters,
judging from Sowerby's figure and description, given below,

359

appear to be well marked, and if found again, its true
position can be settled.

The agreeable spicy odour suggested its name ; it appears
to be A. ylutinosus of Bulliard, though his gills are colourless ;
a name applicable to many of the fungi (and would do for
this were it not previously engaged), as it is sometimes
altogether a gluten, or jelly. The pileus has generally a
thick glutinous skin of a cinnamon colour; the gills are
somewhat pinky; they appear to be dccurront in the young-
state, but when advanced they separate, so as to appear
naturally loose and separate from the stipes, which is some-
what hollow and pithy. The whole plant when fresh is often
so tender, I have not been able to gather it whole ; in bruising
it becomes blackish. As the plant dries, the skin corrugates,
and often becomes very prettily reticulated (may not this be
A. reliculatus of Dr. Withering, ed. iii., p. 289 ?) The taste is
watery, with a peppermint-like coolness in the mouth, and a
lasting roughness iu the throat. (Sowerby.)

**** Olivaceous umber.

Hygrophorus (Lima.) limacinus. Fr.

Pileus H- 2£ in. across, flesh rather thick, firm, white,
convex then expanded, obtuse, glabrous, viscid, disc umber
then smoke-colour, paler towards the margin ; gills adnate,
then decurrent, rather distant, thin, greyish- white ; stem
solid, firm, 2-3 in. long, i in. thick, ventricose, flocculose,
fibrillosely striate, apex rough with squamules ; spores
elliptical, 12 x 8 /*.

Hygrophorus limacinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 324 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 292; Cke., Illustr., pi. 897.

In woods.

Intermediate between H. ayathosmus and H. olivaceo-albus ;
differing from the former in the presence of an evident veil,
and from the latter in the squamulose apex of the stem.

Hygrophorus (Lima.) olivaceo-albus. Fr.
Pileus 1—2 in. across, fleshy at the disc, very thin else-
where, obtusely cylindrical then expanded, umbonate, even,
covered with olive gluten that disappears, leaving the pileus

360 FUNGUS-FLORA.

paler, umbo brownish; gills slightly decurrent, about 1J line
broad, rather distant, shining white ; stem 2-3 in. "long,
2-3 lines thick, equal, often slightly curved, viscid, whitish
but spotted and stained with brown from the veil, apex
smooth, solid ; spores elliptical, 7—8 x 4 /x.

Hygrophorus olivaceo-albus, Fries, Epicr., p. 324 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 292 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 890.

Woods and woodland pastures.

Stem solid, about 3 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal or
attenuated at the base, fundamental colour-white, but
spotted with squamules from the adnate sheathing brown
veil, viscid ; the veil terminates in a ring near the apex,
above which the stem is smooth and shining white. Pileus
fleshy, at first cylindrico-globose, then expanded, umbonate,
becoming depressed round the umbo, altogether even,
glabrous, glutinous, 1—2 in. broad, olive-brown, becoming
pale, especially towards the margin, which is naked from the
first, and somewhat striate when old. Flesh thin, white,
gills decurrent, distant, broad, simple, connected by veins at
the base, always shining white. (Fries.)

Hygrophorus (Lima.) hypothejus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2.V in. across, convex then depressed, sometimes
almost infundibuliform, even, slightly virgate, greyish-
olive, at first covered with olive mucus, paler and yellowish-
olive or brownish after the gluten has disappeared; flesh
thin, tinged yellowish; gills decurrent, about H line broad,
distant, distinct, whitish then with a yellow or yellow-pink
tinge ; stem 2—4 in. long, 3—5 lines thick, almost or quite
equal, viscid, paler than the pileus, stuffed then hollow, veil
evident at first in the form of an imperfect ring, but soon
disappearing; spores broadly elliptical, 8-10 X 4—5 p..

Hygrophorus hypotJiejus, Fries, Epicr., p. 324; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 292 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 891.

In pine woods, among heather, &c.

Distinguished by the glutinous pileus and stem and the
yellowish- olive colour. Usually appears late in the season.
H. olivaceo-albus differs in the persistent shining-white
gills.

HYGROPHORUS. 361

Hygrophorus (Lima.) cerasinus. Berk.

Smell strong, resembling the cherry-laurel. Pileus about
1 \ in. across, flesh very thick at the disc, tapering gradually
to the margin ; convex, broadly and obtusely umbonate, even,
viscid, pale umber then greyish, margin downy ; gills slightly
decurrent, about 1 line broad, very distant, sometimes forked,
white with a pink tinge; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
usually very slightly ventricose below the middle, base nar-
rowed rather abruptly, white, with minute wart-like squam-
ules near the apex, solid ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /*.

Hygrophorw cerasinus, Berk., Outl., p. 197 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
202 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 897.

In fir plantations, &c.

Distinguished by the peculiar smell and the attenuated
base of the stem.

***** Dingy grey or livid.

Hygrophorus (Lima.) fusco-albus. Lasch.

Pileus about 2 in. across, fleshy at the disc, margin thin ;
convex then plane, even, glabrous, viscid, brownish then
grey, margin paler ; gills slightly decurrent, 2 lines broad,
rather thick, snow-white; stem 2-3 in. long, 4-6 lines thick,
equal, dry, whitish, with white flocculent tufts at the apex,
solid ; spores elliptical, apiculate, 12-14 x 7-8 ft.

Hygrophorus fusco-albus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 293; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 899.

Agaricus fusco-albus, Lasch., no. 502.

In woods.

Hygrophorus (Lima.) agathosmus. Fr.
Pileus l|-3 in. across, fleshy, convex then plane, gibbous,
viscid, livid-grey everywhere, covered with minute, crowded,
viscid, pellucid, whitish points, margin at first incurved and
downy, soon spreading, naked, and wavy ; flesh soft, watery,
whitish ; gills decurrent, distant, soft, 3-4 lines broad, quite
entire, somewhat veined at the base, white ; stem solid, firm,
at length very soft and often hollow, 2-3 in. long, f-4 in.
thick, somewhat fibrillosely striate, not viscid, with white
spot-like squamules above, at length becoming greyish,
rough, almost mealy ; partial veil not evident ; spores ellip-
tical, smooth, 9-10 x 5 p.

362 FUNGUS-FLOHA.

Hygroplwrus agathosmm, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 9 ; Ckc.,
Hdb'k., p. 293 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 913.

In pine woods, &c.

Smell, especially when old, pleasant, resembling aniseed.
In luxurious specimens the pileus is much larger than indi-
cated above, and flexuous, the stem is also sometimes curved
or flexuous. Larger and firmer than L. pustulatus. (Fries.)

Hygrophorus (Lima.) mesotephrus. B. & Br.

Pileus 1-1| in. across, flesh rather tkick at the disc, thin
elsewhere, somewhat hemispherical, white with a brown
disc, viscid, striate ; gills decurrent, pure white, rather
distant; stem 1|— 2 in. long, slender, flexuous, attenuated
towards the base, viscid, whitish, granular at the apex;
spores elliptical, apiculate, 9—10 X 5 /JL.

Hygroplwrus mesotephrus, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., xiii.
t. 15, f. 2 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 293 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 914.

In woods.

Pileus about 1 in. across, convex, subhemispherical, white
with the disc brown, viscid, striate, the extreme margin often
remaining quite even, flesh white, hygrophanous. Stem
about 2 in. high, 2 lines thick, flexuous, attenuated at the
base, white, viscid, floccoso-granulated at the apex, stuffed
with a fibrillose pith. Gills pure white, moderately broad,
rather distant, ventricose, shortly decurrent. A veiy deli-
cate species, allied to H. fusco-albus, but with a very different
habit. In age the lower part of the stem is slightly stained,
but by no means squamose. (B. and Br.)

Cooke's figures, quoted above, differ much from Berkeley's
description and figures. In Cooke's " Illustrations " the
pileus is pale yellowish buff, disc darker, plane, umbonate,
and depressed round the umbo; altogether suggesting a
slender, pale form of H. pratensis.

Hygrophorus (Lima.) livido-albus. Fr.
Pileus 1 J-2-i in. across, flesh everywhere thin ; expanded,
obtuse, more "or less irregularly waved, even, glabrous,
viscid, livid, all one tint, margin naked; gills decurrent,
distant, 1— l^ line broad, distinct, clear white; stem 2-3 in.
long, about 2 lines thick, nearly equal, often more or less
flexuous, stuffed, whitish, glabrous; spores elliptical with
an oblique apiculus, 10 X 6 /x,.

PLEUIIOTUS. 363

Hygrophorus livido-albus. Fries, Epicr., p. 324 ; Ckc., Illustr.,
pi. 915; Cke., Hdbk., p. l'9;J.

In woods.

Somewhat resembling H. ebnrnem in habit and size, but
distinguished by the livid colour of the pileus and the gla-
brous stem.

PLEUROTUS. Fries, (figs. 12, 13, p. 301.)

Pileus excentric, fleshy or membranaceous, sometimes re-
siipinate ; gills usually decui rent, sometimes determinate
behind, or not running down the stem, rarely abruptly
adnate, margin acute ; stem expanding gradually into the
flesh of the pileus, excentric, truly lateral, or absent ; veil
pre.^ent in some species ; spore more or less elliptical,,
smooth.

Pleurotus, Fries, Epicr., p. 129 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 101.

The principal feature of the genus is the excentric or
lateral stem. Most species grow on wood, twigs, moss, &c.,
rarely on the ground. In some of the higher species, P. cor-
ticatus, P. ulmarius, P. spodoleucus, &c., the stem is sometimes
central, and the pileus regular and horizontal. On the other
hand, certain species of Ciitocybc and Omplialia when growing*
from an oblique or lateral substratum become excentric and
oblique. In Lactarius, Canlharcnus, Marasmius, and the whole-
of the other Leucosporae, there is nothing analogous with
Pleurotus. (Fries.)

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. EXCEXTRICI.

Pileus entire, extended laterally, excentric but not truly
lateral.

* Veil forming a ring on the stem.

** Veil absent ; gills sinuate or obtusely adnate.

*** Veil absent ; gills deeply decurrent ; stem distinct*
more or less vertical.

364 FUNGUS-FLORA.

**** Veil absent; gills deeply decurrent; pileus lateral,
sessile, or produced behind into a short, oblique, stem-like
base.

II. DlMIDIATI.

Pileus distinctly lateral, not marginate behind ; not resupi-
riate at first.

III. EESUPINA.TI.

Pileus at first resnpinate, then reflexed, sessile ; gills radi-
ating from an excentric point.

* Pileus fleshy, uniform in texture.

;* Pileus fleshy, striate, upper layer gelatinous, or, covered
with a viscid pellicle.

*** Pileus membranaceous, not viscid.

EXCENTKICI.
* Veil forming a ring.

Pleurotus corticatus. Fr.

Pileus 4-8 in. across, flesh thick, hard, white, convex then
expanded and almost disciform, horizontal, always entire,
everywhere covered with a dense greyish down when 3 oung,
and as the pileus expands the down becomes broken up into
floccose squamules on a whitish ground, margin strongly
incurved when young; gills very decurrent, anastomosing
behind, also dichotomou^ly branched, rather distant, white
but becoming yellowish when old ; stem 1—3 in. long, up to
1 in. thick, solid, hard, rooting, more or less excentric, curved
and ascending, almost equal, squamulosely fibrillose, white ;
ring cot tony -floccose, thick, white, torn into shreds that at
first adhere to the stem and margin of pileus, but finally
disappear.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) corticatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 129; Cke.,
Hdb'k., p. 101 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 290.

On trunks.

PLEUBOTUS. 365

Often large and showy, usually solitary, but sometimes
truly caespitose. The presence of a ring, and the deeply
decurrent gills anastomosing behind stamp the present
species.

A large and noble Agaric, perhaps too closely allied to
P. dryinus. Pileus exceutric, 7 in. across, expanded, swollen
in the centre ; disc, especially in the centre, broken up into
brownish-grey silky scales, which are more minute towards
the thin, strongly involute margin. Stem 3 in. high, 1£ in.
thick, pitted and silky below the evanescent ring, firm and
tough, mottled. Gills rather broad, pure white, very de-
current, anastomosing behind, sometimes forked; edge en-
tire. Smell rather strong. (B. and Br.)

Pleurotus dryinus. Pers.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thick at the vertex, becoming
thin at the margin, white, becoming yellowish when broken ;
oblique or sometimes almost circular, compact and hard,
whitish, variegated with innate, brownish scales, margin
incurved and bearing fragments of the torn veil ; stem
very excentric, but not truly lateral, rarely almost central,
about 1 in. long, | in. thick or even more, whitish; gills
decurrenfc narrow, almost simple, not anastomosing, white,
becoming tinged with primrose yellow when bruised;
spores elliptical, 10 X 4 p..

Agaricus (Pleurotus} dryinus, Glee., Hdbk., p. 102; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 226.

Agaricus dryinus, Persoon, Syn., p. 478.

On trunks of oak, hornbeam, &c.

Small, hard, stem short, oblique, but not truly lateral,
the pileus being marginate behind.

Pileus f-3 in. broad, excentric, white, the surface broken
into light brown adpressed scales, the margin involute,
with fragments of the broad woven yeil adhering to it,
flesh continued into the stem. Gills while, not very broad,
decurrent, forked, crisp. Sporules white. Stem 3 in. high
(in my specimen elongated from -growing in a hollow ash),
attenuated downwards, firm, almost woody, tomentose but
not scaly. Taste like that of A. campestris. The plant
assumes partially a yellowish tint when dry or cut. (Berk.)

366 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Pleurotus spongiosus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, fleshy, excentric, somewhat lateral,
pulvinate, covered with a persistent grey down; flesh loosely
floccose, white; gills sinuately adnexed, with a decurrent
tooth, simple, distinct, crowded, white, margin quite entire;
stem tip to 1 in. long, sometimes almost wanting, excen-
tric, incurved, not rooting, white, tomentose; ring white,
soon torn, adhering to the margin of the pileus, at length
disappearing ; spores 8-10 x 4 p..

Agaricus (Pleurotus^) spongiosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 130 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 102 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 253.

On trunks of beech, &c., among moss.

Distinguished by the presence of a veil and sinuately ad-
nexed gills.

**" Gills sinuate or obtusely adnate.

Pleurotus ulmarius. Bull.

Pileus 3-7 in. across, fleshy, compact, horizontal, fairly
regular but more or less excentric, convex then plane and
disciform, even, glabrous, livid becoming pale, but ele-
gantly marbled with roundish spots; flesh white, tough;
gills horizontal, emarginate and rounded behind, slightly
adnexed, broad, rather crowded, whitish ; stem solid, firm,
elastic, somewhat excentric, curved and ascending, 2-3 in.
long, up to 1 in. thick, b£,se thickened and tomentose, not
unfrequently tomentose everywhere, white.

Agaricus ulmarius, Bull., Champ., t. 510; Cke., Hdbk., p.
102; Cke., Illustr., pi. 227.

On trunks of various trees.

Usually solitary ; often very large and robust. When
the fungus grows vertically from the side of a trunk, the
stem is more or less excentric and ascending ; when grow-
ing horizontally, the stem is central and erect, when it
resembles a Tricholoma, but distinguished by growing on
wood. (Fries.)

In Cooke's figures the pileus and stem are pale ochraceous.

Pileus 3—12 in. broad, obtuse smooth, subcoriaceous, but
within very white, soft yet compact, thick, sometimes marbled
with livid spots. Gills numerous, broad, white, adnate or
subdecurrent, irregular. Stem excentric, ascending, 2-3 in.

PLEUROTUS. 367

long, about 1 in. thick, solid, firm, incrassated at the "base,
white sometimes furfuraceous, single or in tufts, varying a
good deal in its texture. (Grev.)

Pleurotus tessulatus. Bull.

Pileus o-4 in. across, horizontal, flesh compact, thick,
•white, convex then plane, and in somewhat lateral forms de-
pressed behind, rather irregular, even, glabrous, not cracked
in a tessulated manner, but marked with roundish or poly-
gonal, paler spots, pallid-tawny ; gills sinuate behind, unci-
nately adnexed, thin, crowded, white or becoming tinged
yellow ; stem solid, compact, about 1 in. long, equal, or at-
tenuated at the base, very excentric, curved-ascending, even,
glabrous, white.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) iessulatus? Bull., t. 513, f. 1 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 102; Cke., lllustr., pi. 254.

On trunks.

Solitary or caespitose. Allied to P. ulmartus, but more
irregular in form, smaller, more compact, and smell of new
meal.

Pleurotus subpalmatus. Fr.

Pileus 3—5 in. across, flcjsh thick, soft, variegated ; convex
then more or less flattened, irregularly circular, obtuse, rugu-
lose, smooth, with a gelatinous cuticle, rufescent ; stem ex-
centric or almost lateral, but the pileus is always marginate
behind, fibrillose, short, equal, flesh fibrous, soft ; gills ad-
nate, 3-4 lines broad, crowded, joined behind, dingy.

Atjaricus (Pleurotus) subpalmatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 131 ;
</ke., Hdbk., p. 103; Cke., Jllustr., pi. 255.

On old trunks, squared timber, &c.

Very remarkable for having the flesh variegated as in Fis-
tnHiKi liepatica. Pileus, especially when young, covered with
a viscid pellicle. (Fries.)

Pleurotus craspedius. Fr.

Pileus 3-6 in. across, more or less excentric, sometimes
almost lateral, but always marginate behind; flesh thin,
almost membranaceous at the expanded margin, flaccid,
plane, depressed behind when very excentric, brick -red, or
after rain tan-colour becoming pale ; also greyish, even,
glabrous, rather moist, but without a separable pellicle,

368 FUNGUS-FLORA.

margin at first incurved, then expanded, elegantly crenately
lobed or fimbriate ; flesh watery, white when dry ; gills
entirely adnate, not sinuate, very thin, crowded, and narrow,
at length torn, white ; stem sometimes very short, at others
up to 3 in. long and 1 in. thick, solid, firm, elastic, spongy
inside, often twisted or compressed, pallid, usually glabrous,
or the base slightly downy.

Agaricus (Pleurotus^ craspedius, Fries, Epicr., p. 131 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 256 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 103.

On rotten trunks.

Distinguished by the very narrow, thin, crowded gills
being truly adnate, and not at all emarginate behind.

Pleurotus fimbriatus. Bolton.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh quite thin ; more or less plane
then depressed, the margin becoming variously broken up
into lobes and crenated, even, whitish, hygrophanous and
almost hyaline ; stem more or less excentric, about 1 in.
long, 2-3 lines thick, firm, compressed, downy, not rooting ;
gills adnate, thin, narrow, much crowded, sometimes forked,
white.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) fimbriatus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 103; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 178A.

Agaricus fimbriatus, Bolton, t. 61.

On trunks.

A remarkable species, allied to Pleurotus lignatilis. Pileus
and stem downy when young, but naked when old, in the
specimens found by me. (Fries.)

Gregarious or tufted. Pileus 3 in. broad ; most beautifully
and repeatedly lobed and fimbriated; turning pale. Stem
about 1 in. long, smooth. (Berk.)

Pleurotus Ruthae. B. & Br.

Pileus U-3 in. across, flesh thickish; more or less" fan-
shaped, upper stratum gelatinous, rather hispid, whitish or
yellowish-buff, even, margin very thin, often striate ; gills
determinate and anastomosing behind, about 1£ line broad,
white then reddish, interstices veined ; stem either distinctly
lateral, or the pileus marginate behind, short, rather stout,
reddish, hispid.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) ruthae, Berk, and Broome, Ann. Nat.

PLEUROTUS. 369

Hist, no. 1754; Cke., Hdbk., p. 103; Cke., Illustr., pi. 178o,
and 654.

On sawdust.

Distinguished from P. pantoleucus by the gills being de-
terminate (ending definitely and not decurrent), and anasto-
mosing behind.

Pleurotus lignatilis. Fr.

Pileus 2-6 in. across, rarely central, usually more or less
excentric, sometimes quite lateral, often reniform, flesh thin
but compact and tough, cracking, convex then plane, obtuse
and often umbilicate, flocculosely mealy, becoming naked
after rain, wavy, margin at first involute, then expanded,
undulately lobed in luxuriant specimens, dingy white ; gills
adnate, much crowded, narrow, unequal, diverging in the
lobes, white ; stem stuffed then hollow, sometimes 2—3 in.
long, sometimes only 3-4 lines long, or almost absent, always
slender, unequal, curved or flexuous, tough and flexible,
whitish, villosely pruinose everywhere, base rooting and
rather downy.

Agaricus (Pleurotus') lignatilis, Pries, Epicr., p. 132; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. lOt; Cke., Illustr., pi. 257u.

On trunks, rotten wood, &c.

Very variable, form altogether inconstant, substance thin,
tough, smell strong of meal, dingy whitish ; usually densely
caespitose, but also solitary. (Fries.)

Pleurotus circinatus. Fr.

Entirely white. Pileus about 3 in. across, orbicular, hori-
zontal, flesh rather thick, pliant, convex then flattened and
more or less discoid, even, but covered with a whitish silki-
ness ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, up to 3 lines broad ;
stem 1-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, equal, central or slightly
excentric, commonly straight, glabrous, base rooting, stuffed;
elastic.

Agaricus (Pleurotus') circinatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 132; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 104 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 257B.

On rotten wood of birch, &c.

Regular, solitary, entirely white, not hygrophanous, odour
weak but pleasant. Appears to approach Agaricus (Clito-
cybe) rivulosus, from which it is distinguished by its habitat.
(Fries.)

VOL. II. 2 B

370 FUNGUS-FLORA.

*** Gills decurrent ; stem almost vertical.

Pleurotus pantpleucus. Fr.

Entirely white. Pileus 2-3 in. across, excentric, spathuli-
form or somewhat elliptical, even, glabrous, marginate and
depressed behind, margin even, entire ; flesh thick behind,
thin at the margin, white ; gills decurrent ; 3 lines broad,
crowded, not forked nor anastomosing behind ; stem not 1 in.
long, 3-4 lines thick, ascending, glabrous, solid, not rooting ;
spores elliptic fusiform, smooth, 11-12 X 4 p.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) pantoleucus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 172;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 104; Cke., Illustr., pi. 179 and 27oA.

On trunks.

Solitary, firm, white, stem solid, ascending, very excentric,
1 in. or a little more in length, -i- in. or more thick, equal or
narrowed downwards, even, glabrous; pileus fleshy, ascending,
obliquely horizontal, spathulate and slightly convex, up to
3 in. long, and 2 in. broad, even, glabrous, disc often, opaque,
margin quite entire. Gills decurrent, rather crowded, white.
(Fries.)

Owing to the slightly pronounced characters, this species
was at one time considered as a sub-species of P. spodoleucus,
but the constant white colour, short, ascending stem,
thinner towards the base, and somewhat lateral pileus, de-
pressed behind, distinguish it. In one of Cooke's figures
(pi. 179), the pileus is of a pale warm ochraceous colour, the
gills also are pallid. There is a suggestion of these tints in
the fig. by Fries, Icones, pi. 88, f. 2.

Pleurotus sapidus. Kalchbr.

Caespitose, or several pilei appearing to spring from a
common branced stem ; pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thick, ex-
centric, irregular, convex or obtusely gibbous then depressed,
glabrous, white or brownish ; stem stout, solid, several
usually springing from a thickened knob, whitish, 1—2 in.
long, expanding upwards into the pileus ; gills decur-
rent, rather distant, narrow, whitish; spores elliptical,
10-11 x 4-5 p.

Pleurotus sapidus, Kalchbrenner, Hym. Hung., t. 8, f. 1 ;
Cke,, Hdbk., p. 371 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 954.

On elm trunks.

PLEUROTUS. 371

A very variable spacies ; according to Kalchbronner, the
spores have a faint tinge of lilac, and the pileus is white,
tawny, brownish, or umber on the same trunk, The white
form only has been met with in this country.

Pleurotus mutilus. Fr.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, flesh rather thick, soft, irregu-
larly circular iu outline and slightly depressed, but very
variable in form, glabrous, silky when dry, white; gills de-
current, somewhat crowded, narrow, rather thick, simple ;
stem about -\ in. long, slender, expanding upwards into the
flesh of the pileus, excentric or almost lateral, glabrous, base
downy, white.

Agaricus (Plcnrotus) mutilus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 191 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 104; Cke., Illustr., pi. 275B.

On the ground among grass. Cooke says, also on dead
wood.

Very similar to Omplialia scyplioidcs, Fr. ; of which it may
possibly be a variety; but although the two have grown
mixed together, I have never observed a direct transition.
P. mutilus differs in being almost glabroiis, never regular in
form, and not iufundibnliform. (Fries.)

**** Gills dccurrent ; stem lateral, sliorl or absent.

Pleurotus ostreatus. Jacq.

Pileus 3-6 in. across, fleshy, soft, at first convex and hori-
zontal, then expanded and ascending, glabrous, moist, even,
but the cuticle sometimes torn into squamules, dark and
almost blackish when young, then brownish-grey, clear
bluish-grey with violet tinge, or lavender colour, often
becoming yellowish when old; stem short or obliterated,
firm, obliquely ascending, incrassated upwards, white, base
downy or strigose; gills decurrent, anastomosing behind,
rather distant, broad, white, sometimes tinged yellow, never
pinkish; spores elliptical, white, 10-12 X 4-5 p.

Agaricus ostreatus, Jacques., Austr., t. 268; Cke., Ildbk.,
p. 105; Cke., Illustr., pi. 195 and 953.

Pleurotus Columbians, Quelet, in Bresad., Fungi Trident.,
p. 10, t. vi.

On trunks.

2 B 2

372 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Caespitoso. Smell. strong; the stem is sometimes almost
central. Distinguished from all species except P. corticatus
by the gills anastomosing behind, and often forming an open
network on the stem- like base. Known from P. corticatus by
absence of a ring on the stem. Edible.

Imbricated, large. Pileus subdimidiate, very thick and
fleshy ; flesh white, dusky towards the surface, 1 in. deep ;
the border at first fibrillose or even decidedly squamulose,
margin involute ; as the pileus expands the white fibrillae
vanish and the colour changes from dusky to bistre ; margin
paler and rimulose, the \vhole surface shining and satiny
when dry, soft and clammy when moist ; towards the base in
age there is a little white down. Gills broad, here and there
forked, anastomosing at the base, dirty-white, the edge ser-
rated, umber. In large specimens there is often a distinct
stem, clothed with a dense short white down, which runs up
between the gills. When dry, the pileus becomes pallid or
yellowish. Taste and odour like that of A. personatus, which
it resembles somewhat in colour. Stem stngose at the base,
according to Fries. (Berk.)

Var. glandulosus. With the habit of the typical form,
but larger ; pileus dark brown, becoming pale ; gills white,
with scattered small wart-like or glandular bodies.

Agaricus glandulosus, Bulliard, t. 426.

On trunks.

A very constant, but somewhat rare variety ; easily known
by the dark brown pileus. The gland-like bodies on the
gills are due to the outward growth of the hyphae of the
trama in minute patches here and there.

Var. euosmus, Cke., Hdbk.,'p. 105 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 196.
. Agaricus (Pleurotus) euosmus, Berk., Outl., p. 135.

Strong scented, imbricate ; pileus fleshy, depressed, shining,
silky when dry, at first white with a tinge of blue, then
brownish ; stem short or obsolete ; gills decurrent, ventri-
cose, dingy white, spores 12-14 X 5 /t, pale pinkish-lilac.
. On elm trunks.

Pilei very much crowded, 2 in. or more across, deeply de-
pressed, unequal, at first white, invested with a slight blue
varnish, at length of a pale brown; stems distinct above,
connate below ; gills rather broad ; running down to the

PLEUROTUS. 373

bottom of the free portion of the stern ; spores oblong,
narrow, oblique, white tinged with purple. The whole plant
smells, when first gathered, strongly of tarragon. (B. & Br.).

Pleurotus revolutus. Kickx.

Pileus 4—7 in. across, flesh very thick near the stem, and
gradually attenuated to the very thin margin, firm, dry,
elastic ; convex then flattened and depressed in the centre,
margin incurved, glabrous, rather shining, colour at first
smoky-yellow, then lead or mouse-colour, centre darkest ; stem
lateral, about 1 in. long, up to 1 in, thick, whitish, glabrous
or downy, solid ; gills docurrent, rather narrow, distinct,
rather crowded, white, margin minutely toothed.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) rcvolutm, Kickx, p. 158; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 105.

On beech trunks.

Far. anglicus, Size and habit of the typical form, but
differing in the margin of the pileus being only very slightly,
or not at all inciirved, and in the gills being pallid
ochraceous.

Cke., Illustr., pi., 180.

On trunks.

Pleurotus salignus. Pers.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, subdimidiate, horizontal, at length
depressed behind and strigose, margin entire, incurved,
pale yellow-brown or dusky ; stem always short, firm, more
or less downy ; gills horizontal, not distinctly decurrent,
1.1—2 lines broa,d, distinct behind, branched at the middle,
crowded, pale dingy -pallid, margin often broken, not
glandular.

Agaricus salignus, Pers., Svn., p. 478; Cko., Hdbk., p. 105;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 228.

On rotten trunks, especially willows.

Not caespitose. Readily distinguished by the pileus being
pulvinate when young, then becoming depressed and strigose,
gills thinner and more crowded than usual in the genus,
somewhat branching, not anastomosing behind ; dingy
emoke-colour, as are also the spores. (Fries.)

Pleurotus acerinus. Fr.
Pileus 1—4 in. across, somewhat circular, convex or almost

374 FUNGUS-FLORA.

plane ; flesh thick at the disc, becoming thin elsewhere, white ;
silkily downy, shining white; stem very excentric, almost
lateral, slender or almost obsolete, downy; gills decurrent,
very much crowded, thin, white then yellowish.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) acerinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 134; Cke.,
Hdb'k., p. 106; Cke., Illustr., pi. 291?

On trunk.

Caespitose or solitary ; not hygrophanous. Cooke's figure
differs from the description given by Fries in having the
pileus tinged with brown, and the stem robust, 1 in. long,
and above 7V in. thick.

II. DIMIDIATL

Pleurotus petaloides. Bull.

Pileus 1—2 in. long, flesh thin ; ascending, somewhat
obovate or spathulate, almost plane, depressed behind and
running into the stem where it is downy, remainder gla-
brous, brownish, becoming pale, margin at first involute,
then expanded ; gills decurrent, very much crowded, about
1 line broad, linear, and very unequal, whitish then grey ;
stem solid, firm, about |- in. long, sometimes very short,
compressed, more or less downy, exactly lateral, whitish ;
spores 9-10 x 4 p..

Agaricus (Pleurotus) petaloides, Cke., Ildbk., p. 106 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 258A.

Agaricus petaloides, Bull., Champ., 226, f. 2.

On trunks.

Gregarious or imbricated, pileus entire, stem channelled in
large specimens ; colour of pileus various ; taste bitter.
Fries mentions a form growing on the ground in grassy
places, having the pileus somewhat vertical, margin reflexed,
small, almost indicating a transition to P. tremulus.

Pleurotus serotinus. Schrad.

Pileus 1—3 in. broad, flesh thick, at first convex and
gibbous, then plane and ascending, reniform or obovate,
even, glabrous, covered with a viscid pellicle in wet weather,
yellowish-green, sooty-olive, &c. ; margin at first involute,
then expanded and rather wavy ; gills not truly decurrent,

375

narrow, crowded, often branched, typically yellow, but
sometimes pallid or pinkish, the margin with sooty points
that are a continuation of the squamules of the stem ; stem
lateral, solid, up to 1 in. long, often short or almost absent,
thick, deformed, yellowish, with scattered sooty squamules
that form a crowded zone near the gills.

Agaricus serotinus, Schrader, Abbild. d. Schwamm, 3 ; Cke.,
Ildbk., p. 106; Cke., Illustr., pi. 258s.

On trunks.

Gregarious or imbricately caespitose, very fleshy, compact
when young, then softer.

Pleurotus pulmonarius. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. long by 1 in. or more broad, flesh thin,
soft, slightly convex, obovare or reniform, glabrous, greyish
or tan-colour ; gills slightly decurrent, narrow, simple,
whitish then livid ; stem lateral, round, very short, downy.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) pulmonarius, Syst. Myc., p. 187 ; Cke.,
Hclbk., p. 106 ;

On trunks.

Solitary. Differs from P. serotinus in the very short stem
and glabrous pileus.

Far. juglandis, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 248.

Sessile, smaller than the typical form, gregarious ; pileus
obovate, attenuated into a very short stem-like base, not
marginate behind, flaccid, glabrous, greyish-brown ; gills
decurrent, coloured like the pileus or paler.

On walnut trunks.

Pleurotus mitis. Pers.

Pileus £-1 in. across, flesh thin, tough, white; horizontal,
reniform, even, glabrous, without a viscid pellicle, whitish
or with a rufescent tinge; gills adnato-decurrent, closely
crowded, narrow, simple, white : stem distinctly lateral, up
to £ in. long, sometimes very short, compressed and broadened
upwards, powdered with white squamules; spores elliptical,
slightly curved, 4 x 2 /u,.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) mills, Cke., Hdbk., p. 107; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 211.

Agaricus mitis, Persoon, Syn. p. 481.

On fallen branches of pine, larch, &c.

376 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Resembling Panus stypticus in habit and size, but dis-
tinguished by its white colour and glabrous pileus.

Firm, tasteless, white or lufescent, in the young state
spathulate, and the stem quite distinct, the pileus gradually
dilates, the stem becomes obsolete, and the pileus reniform,
the outer margins meeting, and the one overlapping the
other ; the upper stratum gelatinous. (Berk.)

Pleurotus gadinoides. Smith, (figs. 12, 13, p. 301.)

Pileus about | in. across, rather fleshy tender, horizontal,
semi-circnlar or" shell-shaped, white, hygrophanous, covered
with delicate adpressed, floccose down, with no gelatinous
upper stratum ; stem minute, lateral, or absent; gills some-
what crowded, and slightly branched ; white; spores ellip-
tical, 7 X 3 p.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) gadinoides, W. G. Smith, Journ. Bot.y
1873, t. 129, f. 1-4; Cke., Hdbk., p. 107; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 27 6 A.

On tree-fern stem in hot-house.

Probably an introduced species.

Pleurotus limpidus. Fr.

Pileus 7^—1 in. across, flesh thin, obovate or reniform,
horizontal, even, glabrous, hygrophanous, white when moist,
shining white when dry, not furnished with a viscid pellicle,
margin A^eiy thin, shortly inflextd; gills thin, crowded,
white; true stem absent, bxit the pileus narrowed I ehiir.l
into a very short, stem-like base, on which the gills are
decnrrent.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) limpidus, Fries, Epicr., p. 135; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 107; Cke., Illustr., pi. 276s.

On rotten trunks of beech, &c.

With the habit and substance of P. mitis, but entirely
shining white, and subsessile. (Fries.)

Pleurotus reniformis. Fr.

Pileus ^— §• in. across, rather fleshy, horizontal, reniforro,
grey, rather notched behind, and furnished with a very
>hort, rudimentary, downy stem; gills diverging from the
stem-like base, thin, narrow, crowded, grey.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) reniformis, Fries, Yet. Akad. Farh.,
1873, p. 5; Cke., Hdbk., p. 108 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 276c.

PLEUROTUS. 377

On branches.

Stem reduced to a white downy tubercle ; flesh of pileus
thin, pileus exactly lateral, semicircular, horizontal, plane,,
even, downy, grey, 4-5 lines broad ; flesh very thin, rather
gelatinous, diaphanous. (Fries.)

Pleurotus lauro-cerasi. B. and Br.

Pileus up to 1J in. across, flesh thin, equal, sessile, hori-
zontal and attached by a narrow base, more or less circular
in outline, or shell-shaped, silicate, brownish; gills very
broad at the middle, narrowed to both ends, rather thin,
connected by veins, whitish, margin wavy ; spores elliptical,
apiculate, 8 X 5 /z.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) lauro-cerasi, B. and Br., Ann. Nat.
Hist., no. 1854; Cke., Hdbk., p. 108; Cke., Illustr., pi. 242A.

On stems of cherry laurel.

Pileus rather more than 1 in. across; the cuticle is ex-
tremely thin, and gives way at the furrows, so as to expose
the substance of the pileus. (B. & Br.)

Pleurotus tremulus. Fr.

Pileus about | in. across, flesh thin, dimidiate, somewhat
horizontal, reniform, plane, depressed and often villous
behind, the remainder glabrous, even, greyish-brown becom-
ing pale, hygrophanous ; gills adnate, appearing decurrent
from the depression of the pileus, determinate, narrow,
rather distant, very unequal, grey; stem distinct, exactly
lateral, vertical or slightly ascending, round, about ^ in.
long, about two lines thick, sometimes very short, dilated
upwards, attached by the fibrillose base to mosses.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) tremulus, Fries, Epicr., p. 135; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 108 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 242u.

On musses and on the ground.

More variable than neighbouring species. Entire fungus
grey. (Fries.)

Distinguished from P. tremulus by the presence of a
distinct stem.

Pleurotus acerosus. Fr.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, almost membranaceous, reniform
or almost orbicular, plane, somewhat lobed, striate, hygro-
phanous, greyish, when dry with a white silkiness ; stem

378 FUNGUS-FLORA.

lateral, very short or almost obsolete, rather coarsely downy
at the base ; gills determinate, narrow, crowded, simple,
greyish.

Agaricus (Pleurotus') acerosus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 191 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 108 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 242c.

On wood, among leaves, on gravel, &c.

Very variable, flaccid, greyish-brown, becoming pale, re-
sembling Cantharellus lobatua in appearance. Attached by
spreading white mycelium when growing on Sphagnum in
swamps. (Fries.)

III. EESUPINATI.

* Pileus fleshy, uniform in texture.

Pleurotus porrigens. Pers.

Entirely white. Pileus 2—3 in. long, and about 1-1- in.
broad ; flesh thin, tough ; sessile, at first resupinate then
ascending or horizontal, expanded from the base and be-
coming ear-shaped, fan-shaped, or almost circular, glabrous,
more or less downy towards the base ; gills radiating, very
narrow, rather crowded.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) porrigens, Cke., Hdbk., p. 109 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 259A.

Agaricus porrigens, Persoon, Obs. Myc., i. p. 54.

On old pine trunks.

Usually imbricated. Resembling P. petaloides in habit,
tut differing in colour, and in the absence of a narrowed
stem-like base.

Pleurotus septicus. Fr.

Pileus up to -3- in. across, flesh rather thick ; downy, resu-
pinate at first and closely applied to the wood on which it
grows, furnished with a minute, downy stem 1—2 lines long,
which soon disappears, leaving the pileus reflexed, and
apparently sessile, shining white; gills radiating from the
point of attachment of the stem, rather distant and broad,
•white ; spores broadly elliptical with an oblique basal
apiculus, 8-10 and 6 /u,.

Pleurotus septicus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 192; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 109 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 259.

PLEUROTUS. 379

On wood, branches, twigs, decaying fungi, dung, &c.

Small, but very variable in form. Superficially resem-
bling Clandopus variabilis, but the gills are persistently
white, as are also the spores.

Distinguished from the other small white species of Pleu-
rotus by the thicker flesh of the piletis, and more evident
stem, and by the gills being at first uppermost, and then
turned over.

** Pileus fleshy, striate, upper layer gelatinous.

Pleurotus mastrucatus. Fr.

Pileus up to 2 in. long and 1 in. broad, sessile, at first re-
supinate then expanded and horizontal, often lobed, upper
stratum of pileus gelatinous, brown, bristling with squar-
rose or erect squamules ; flesh thickish ; gills radiating
from the point of attachment, broad, rather distant, greyish
•white.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) mastrucatus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p.
190 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 109 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 243A.

On old trunks.

Imbricated. Readily distinguished by the brown, squar-
rosely scaly pilous.

Pleurotus atrocceruleus. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. long, up to 1 in. broad, at first resupinate,
soon distinctly reflexed and horizontal, obovate or reniform,
downy, rarely almost glabrous, rngnlose when dry due to
contraction of the cuticle, usually blackish-blue, rarely fus-
cous ; flesh soft, superior stratum (pellicle) slightly gelati-
nous, up to 2 lines thick, blackish -brown ; lower layer, or
flesh proper, thin and whitish ; gills at first radiating from a
point, then converging towards the base, broad, whitish, at
length tinged with yellow; spores 7-8 X 5 /z.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) atrocoeruleus, Fries, Epicr., p. 137 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 243u.

On rotten trunks of beech and poplar, in densely shaded
places.

Sessile, gregarious, somewhat imbricated. Smell very
pleasant. (Fries.)

380 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Pleurotus Leightoni. Berk.

Pileus about ^ in. across, flesh rather thick, at first ob-
liquely conical, umber then lead-colour, scurfy with short
black bristles intermixed; upper layer gelatinous ; gills ra-
diating from the point of attachment of the pileus, rather
thick, distant, tan-colour, somewhat forked at the base,
rather wavy.

Agaricus (Pleurotus*) Leightoni, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist., vol.
xiii., t. 9, f. 1 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 260A ; Cko., Hdbk., p. 109.

On wood.

Pileus 5 lines broad, at first cyphellaeform, obliquely coni-
cal, umber-brown, gradually becoming paler, at length of a
pallid lead-colour, furfuraceous, especially behind, where
there are a few bristles; flesh consisting of two distinct
strata, of which the upper is gelatinous, and of the colour of
the pileus, the lower white. Stem none. Gills of a pallid
tan-colour, thickish, distant, undulated, obscurely wrinkled
at the base, but the interstices can scarcely be said to be
reticulated. (Berk.)

Pleurotus algidus. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, rather fleshy, at first resupi-
nate, then expanded and horizontal, reniform, covered with
a thin viscid pellicle, glabrous, reddish brown; gills radi-
ating from the point of attachment of the pileus, rather
broad, crowded, yellowish.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) algidus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 190;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 110; Cke., Illustr., pi. 260n.

On trunks.

Pileus grey, umber, or reddish-brown ; often pruinose
when young. Usually caespitose and imbricated.

Pleurotus fluxilis. Fr.

Pileus up to •§- in. across, rather fleshy ; sessile, reniform
and very slightly depressed behind, even, pale umber, ge-
latinously viscid ; gills diverging from the point of attach-
ment of the pileus, distant, few, white, simple.

Agaricus (Pleurotus} fluxilis, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 189 ;
Cke., Hdbk., 110 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 244A.

On mosses growing on trunks, also on sawdust.

PLEUROTUS. 381

Pleurotus cyphellaeformis. Berk.

Pilous up to -J in. broad and high, rather fleshy, sessile,
cup-shaped, more or less pendulous, upper layer gelatinous,
grey, margin paler, sprinkled with a few meal-like scales,
very minutely downy, especially at the base ; gills narrow,
distant, pure white.

Aijaricus (Pleurotus) cyphellaeformis, Berk., Mag. Zool. and
Bot., i. t. 15, f. 3; Cke., Hdbk., p. 110; Cke., Illustr., pi.
244B.

On dead stems of herbaceous plants.

Gregarius ; resembling a Cyphella in habit.

Pleurotus applicatus. Batsch.

Up to £ in. across, cup-shaped and orbicular when young,
usually sessile and fixed by the downy base, rarely fur-
nished with a very short, rudimentary stem; gills radi-
ating from a central point; when adult more or less re-
flexed, but never truly dimidiate, slightly pruinose when
young, glabrous or downy, minutely striate when moist ;
colour variable blackish-blue, dark or ashy-grey ; gills
scanty, rather thick, broad, distant, paler than the pileus,
and margin usually whitish.

Agartcus applicatus, Batsch, f. 125; Cke., Hdbk., p. Ill ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 224c.

On rotten wood.

Distinguished among the minute species by its dingy
colour. Somewhat resembling P. tremulus, but known by
the absence of a distinct stem.

Pileus 2-4 lines broad, when young cup-shaped, resupinate,
slightly fleshy, striate when moist, more or less villous.
Gills broad distant radiating, grey, the margin whitish.
Stem none. (Berk.)

*** Pileus membranaceous, not viscid.

Pleurotus Hobsoni. Berk.

Pileus 2-1 lines across, thin and delicate, reniform or
semicircular, horizontal, plane, pale grey, minutely downy ;
gills rather distant, radiating from the point of attachment
of the pileus, pallid.

382 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) Hobsoni, Berk., Outl., p. 139; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. Ill; Cke., Illustr., pi. 212A.

On stumps, branches, &c.

Differs from P. applicatus in being much paler in colour,
and horizontal and plane, not cup-shaped.

Pleurotus striatulus. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 lines across, very thin, pale brownish grey,
more or less concave, flaccid, glabrous, striate, sessile ; gills
broad, few, distant, radiating from an excentric point,
greyish.

Agaricus (Pleurotus) striatulus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 193;
Cke., Hdbk., p. Ill ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 212u,

On fallen branches, wood, &c.

Variable in form (-4.) obconically campanulate, pendulous
when growing on the under side of fallen trunks ; (B.)
imbricated, reflexed ; on branches of hazel; (C.) irregular;
on twigs. Becomes contracted when dry and escapes the
eye. (Fries.)

Distinguished among the minute grey species by the
glabrous, striate pileus.

Pleurotus hypnophilus. Berk.

Pileus 2—4 lines across, very thin, resupinate, flat, white,
somewhat reniform, nearly smooth ; gills radiating from the
point of attachment of the pileus, narrow, distant, simple ;
spores elliptical, 5 x 3 //,.

Agaricus (Pleurotus') hypnophilus, Berk., Outl., p. 139; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 212c; Cke., Hdbk., p. 111.

On moss, fallen leaves, &c.

Eesembling Claudopus variabilis closely in size and general
appearance, but the spores are white, and the gills do not
change colour. Distinguished among the small white species
of Pleurotus by the glabrous pileus.

Exactly the habit of A. variabilis, but the spores are white,
and in consequence the gills do not change colour. (Berks.)

Pleurotus chioneus. Pers.

Pileus 2—3 lines across, very thin, partly resupinate, snow-
white, downy; stem lateral, very short, downy, at length
almost disappearing; gills radiating from an excentric point,
rather broad, with intermediate shorter ones, pure white.

OMPHALIA. 383

Agaricus chioneus, Persoon, Myc. Eur., iii. t. 26, f. 10-11 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. Ill ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 21 2D.

On wood, dung, leaves, &c.

Somewhat resembling P. septicus, Irat smaller, with a less
distinct stem, the flesh of the pileus much thinner. Known
from P. hypnophilus by the distinctly villose or downy pileus.

Pileus 2 lines broad, extremely delicate and fragile,
clothed with white down, fixed by a few downy threads, the
margin involute. Gills radiating, distant, with sometimes a

,gle smaller one in the interstices. (Berk.)

sin

OMPHALIA. Fries, (figs. 10, 11, p. 301.)

Pileus symmetrical, usually very thin, depressed or infun-
dibuliform; gills truly decurrent; stem distinctly cartila-
ginous externally, tubular, but the cavity frequently stuffed,
especially when young, usually expanding upwards into the
flesh of the pileus ; spores more or less elliptical, smooth.

Ompfialia, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 162; Cke., Hdbk., p. 91.

Agreeing with Clitocybe in the decurrent gills, but readily
known by the externally polished, cartilaginous stem, and
the very thin substance of the pileus. Separated from
Mycena and Collybia by the truly decurrent gills.

The species are with few exceptions small, and many grow
on wood, twigs, &c.'; none are edible. Smell obsolete, or
nearly so, in all the species.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. COLLYBIARII.

Pileus dilated from the first, margin incurved.

* Hydrogrammi. Usually large, gills narrow, very much
crowded.

(In addition to the stem character, tho species of this
group differ from the Cyathiformes section of Clitocybe, in the
gills being truly decurrent from the first, very much crowded,
and arcuate.)

384 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

** Pyxidati. Medium size ; gills slightly distant, narrow,
narrowed at both ends.

*** Umbelliferi. Gills very distant, broad, usually thick.

II. MYCEXARII.

Pileus campanulate at first, margin straight and pressed
to the stem.

* Campanellae. Gills broad, perfect, unequal.
** Integrelli. Gills fold-like, narrow.

I. COLLYBIARII.

* Hydrogrammi.

Omphalia hydrogramma. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, flaccid, deeply umbilicate,
very hygrophanous, marginal portion spreading, rather wavy,
sttiate, livid- white, whitish when dry ; gills very decurrent,
closely crowded, narrow, arcuate, margin quite entire, very
unequal, livid-white ; stem about 3 in. long and 3 lines
thick, distinctly cartilaginous, hollow, glabrous, base rooting,
sometimes shorter, round, and straight, often decumbent and
caespitose, commonly compressed and undulate, livid, apex
naked.

Agaricus (Omphalia) hydrogrammus, Fries, Epicr., p. 120;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 92 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 239.

Among damp and rotting heaps of leaves, &c.

Subcaespitose, of one colour, livid or whitish-livid, when
moist, becoming whitish when dry, and in this state some-
what resembling C. pJiyllophila ; the latter differs in the
elastic, externally fibrous stem, the piano-depressed, never
truly infundibuliform pileus, and the broader, very slightly
decurrent gills.

Omphalia detrusa. Fr.

Pileus about 1| in. across, rather fleshy, convex then more
or less expanded and becoming umbilicate, even, glabrous,

OMPHALIA. 385

indistinctly zoned ; gills slightly decurrent, thin, crowded,
whitish; stem about H in. long, 2 lines thick, firm, glabrous,
dark grey, soon hollow.

Agaricus (Omphalia) detrusus, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 291.

Agaricus (Omphalia) umbilicatus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 92.

In woods among moss, &c.

With the habit of some species of Clitocybe, but readily
distinguished by the cartilaginous stem. Stem stuffed when
young, then hollow, rather firm, 1-1 i in. long, 2 lines thick,
attenuated upwards, even, glabrous, dai-k grey, almost
blackish, base whitish. Pileus slightly fleshy, convex at
first, then umbilicate, 1-2 in. broad, even, glabrous (slightly
zoned according to the figure), dark grey. Flesh white,
gills somewhat horizontal, slightly decurrent with a tooth,
about 1 line broad, thin very crowded, whitish.

Agaricus umbilical us, Schaeffer, t. 20 7, approaches the present
species, but differs in the livid colour of the pileus when
moist, and whitish when dry, apex of stem silky, and pileus
umbilicate from the first. (Fries.)

Omphalia maura. Fr.

Pileus 1-1 1 in. across, submembranaceous, convex, deeply
umbilicate, glabrous, hygrophanous, striate when moist,
sooty brown ; even, shining with a silky gloss, and livid
when dry , the umbilicus is very deep, but the remainder
of the pileus arched, with the margin drooping ; gills very
deeply decurrent, narrowed at both ends, arcuate, very closely
crowded, shining white ; stem 1-2 in. long, scarcely 1 line
thick, distinctly cartilaginous, almost horny, rigid, fragile,
stuffed at first, sooty black ; spores broadly elliptical,
5-6 x 3-4 /*.

Agaricus (Omphalia) maurus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 168 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 92 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 287A.

Swampy places, especially where the ground has been
burnt ; also among grass on lawns.

Superficially resembling Collybia atrata, but distinguished
by the decurrent, narrow, crowded gills.

Omphalia offuciata. Fr.

Fileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then piano-
depressed, but not deeply umbilicate, even, glabrous, hygro-
phanous ; like the gills at first dark then pale flesh-colour,

VOL. II. 2 C

386 FUNGUS-FLORA.

becoming pale when old and dry, almost white ; gills mode-
rately decurrent, plane, straight, crowded, narrow, coloured
like the pileus ; stem about 2 in. long, 1-2 lines thick, equal,
round when young then flattened, glabrous, reddish, apex
slightly meaty, distinctly cartilaginous, hollow.

Agaricus (Omphalia) officiatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 121 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 92; Cke., Illustr., pi. 287s.

In woods, beech especially, among fallen leaves.

The larger form resembles Collybia dryophila in habit, the
smaller Triclioloma carneolum, but distinct from both in the
decurrent gills. (Fries.)

** Pyxidati

Omphalia chrysophylla. Fr.

Pileus 1— 2|- in. across, somewhat membranaceous, flaccid,
deeply umbilicate, limb spreading and somewhat reflexed,
flocculose, somewhat squamulose, very hygrophanous,
brownish-yellow when moist, hoary tan-colour, or whitish
and hoary when dry ; gills decurrent, distant, distinct, broad,
persistently deep golden-yellow; stem 1-2 in. long, 2 lines
thick, tough, soon hollow, equal, rather incurved, base
downy, somewhat rooting, golden- egg-yellow, colour per-
sistent ; spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /*.

Agaricus (Omphalia) clirysopltyllus, Fries, Epicr., p. 122 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 92; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1152A.

On rotten pine wood, also on old pine sawdust.

Gregarious. Distinguished from 0. Postii, which the
present species rather resembles in colour, in the pileus not
being glabrous, broader gills, and in growing on wood.

Omphalia Postii. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh very thin; deeply iirn-
bilicate, margin striate, glabrous, orange; gills deeply
decurrent, narrow, rather distant, whitish; stem 2-3 in.
long, 1-1| line thick, even, glabrous, yellow, hollow, equal,
straight.

Agaricus (Omphalia) Postii, Fries, Monogr., ii. p. 291 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 93; Cke., Illustr., pi. 19-iA?

In swamps.

It is doubtful whether Cooke's figure is not an orange

OMPHALIA. 387

form of 0. pyxidata ; it differs in many particulars from the
description and figure of Fries, especially in the very
flexuous stem, thickened upwards, whereas "Fries says the
stem is remarkably equal and straight. The pileus is also
much lobed in Cooke's figure, and the specimens were found
on charcoal beds.

A very elegant species, growing in swamps. The bright
orange colour of the glabrous pileus distinguish this from
every other species. Stem hollow, 2-3 in. long, 1 line and
more thick, remarkably equal, straight, even, glabrous,
yellowish. Pileus membranaceous, umbilicate at first then
depressed, 1-2 in. and more broad, even, glabrous, convex
and striate at the margin. Gills very deeply and truly
decurrent, 1 line broad, arcuate, white. (Fries.)

Far. aurea. Mass.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin ; very regular, infundibu-
liform, smooth, even, margin drooping, bright golden-yellow ;
gills slightly decurrent, crowded, 1^ line broad, thin, white ;
stem about 2 in. long, l|-2 lines thick, equal smooth and
polished, coloured like the pileus, hollow, white and tapering
at the base ; spores elliptical, 7 X 3-5 p..

On Sphagnum in swamps.

Figured by Cke., Illustr., pi. 1152B, as a form of 0. Postii,
but probably a distinct species.

Omphalia pyxidata. Bull.

Pileus i-1 in. across, membranaceous, umbilicate then
infundibufiform, almost glabrous, radiately striate, brick-
red or i with a rufescent tinge when wet, hygrophanous,
whitish and minutely silky under a lens when dry ; gills
decurrent, rather distant, narrow, flesh-colour then yellowish ;
stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick, even, tough, pale
rufescent, stuffed then hollow.

Agaricus (Omphalia} pyxidatus, Cke., Illustr., pi. 194o ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 93.

Among short grass, &c.

Stem stuffed then hollow, tough, 1 in. long, about 1 line
thick, equal, round, glabrous or pruinose, pallid then reddish.
Pileus membranaceous, pellucid, umbilicate then infundi-
buliform, about 1 in. broad, very hygrophanous, glabrous
when moist, sometimes the margin only, sometimes the

2 c 2

388 FUNGrS-FLOKA.

whole pileus radiately striate, brownish brick-red, or rufous-
brown, slightly flocculose or silky when dry, becoming pale,
opaque. Gills decurrent, rather distant, distinct, narrow,
but broad in the middle, flesh-colour then yellowish. The
entire fungus very much more variable than neighbouring
species. (Fries.)

Pileus smooth, disk submembranaceous. Gills decurrent,
rather distant, narrower than in any neighbouring species,
dirty-white with a rufescent tinge, then of the same colour
as the pileus. Stem when young stuffed, then hollow,
thickened at the base and there clothed with whitish down,
subattenuate upwards. (Fries.)

Omphalia leucophylla. Fr.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, submembranaceous, infundibuliform,
almost smooth, not floccose, dark grey, margin reflexecl,
involute; gills deeurrent, rather distant, arcuate, distinct,
shining white; stem 1J-2 in. long, about 1 line thick, equal,
even, glabrous, grey, stuffed then hollow.

Agaricus (Omphalia) leucophyllus, Fries, in Vet. Ak. Forh.,
1851 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 93 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 288A.

Damp places in woods, &c.

Distinguished from every other species by the persistently
white, shining gills.

Omphalia striaepileus. Fr.

Pileus f-lj in. across, flesh thin, convex then expanded,
umbilicate, glabrous, everywhere striate, livid-brown, hygro-
phanous ; gill slightly decurrent, not crowded, whitish ;
stem about 2 in. long and 1 line thick, glabrous, tough,
tinged with brown, hollow.

Agaricus (Omphalia) striaepileus, Fries, Vet. Akad. Forh.,
1861, p. 22 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 93; Cke., Illustr., pi. 288s.

Among grass in woods, &c.

Stem fistulose, rather firm, tough, up to 2 in. in length,
1 line thick, equal, often flexuous, even, glabrous, becoming
brownish. Pileus membranaceous, convex then plai
umbilicate, 1 in. or a little more in breadth, everywhe
elegantly striate, glabrous, livid-fuscous, hygrophanous,
even and pallid white when dry, not fleccose. Gills slightly
decurrent, somewhat crowded, 1-1 \ line broad, whitish, nc
becoming grey. (Fries.)

OMPHALIA. 389

Omphalia telmatiaea. Berk. & Cke. (figs. 10, 11,
p. 301.)

Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thin, pliant ; depressed and
soon infundibuliform, margin broadly arched and drooping,
dark umber, hygrophanous, pale buff and silky when dry ;
gills decurrent, rather crowded, thin, about 1 line broad,
pallid ; stem 1-2 in. long, equal, polished, grey, white and
cottony at the base, hollow ; (spores elliptical with an oblique
apiculus, 7 X 4 /*.

Agaricus (Omphalia) telmatiaeus, Berk, and Cke., Hdbk., p.
93 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 240.

Agaricus (Omphalia) affricatus, Berk, in Cke., Hdbk., ed. i.,
no. 216 (not of Fries).

Attached to Sphagnum in partly dried up swamps.

Eeadily distinguished by the dark umber pileus when
moist, and the bluish-grey stem. The pilous is frequently
more or less waved at the drooping margin. The stem is
attached to the sphagnum by white cottony mycelium.
Gregarious.

Omphilia Nevillae. Berk.

Pileus ^ an in. across, hemispherical, depressed in the
centre, rugose, minutely granulated at the disc, striate,
brown, pale towards the margin when dry ; gills arcuately
decurrent, white, interstices and sides veined and rugose;
stem 1 in. high, not a line thick, brownish, stuffed, white
within, rough with black granules, rather dilated at the
base and clothed with villous hairs.

Agaricus (Omphalia^) Nevillae, Berk., Grev., i. p. 89 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 101.

On Sphagnum in an orchid pot.

Somewhat resembling 0. affricata, but not infundibuliform,
nor variegated with pilose scales, while the gills are white,
not cinereous. (Berk.)

Probably an introduced species.

Omphalia sphagnicola. Berk.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh very thin ; umbilicate then
deeply infundibuliform, faintly striato and minutely squa-
mulose, dingy ochraceous ; gills decurrent, narrow, rather
distant, pale dingy ochraceous ; stem 1-2 in. long, up to

390 FUNGUS-FLORA.

1 line thick, slightly wavy, glabrous, coloured like the pileus,
hollow ; spores elliptical, 6 x 3 p..

Agaricus (Omplialia) sphagnicola, Berk., Outl., p. 131 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 94 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 289A.

On Sphagnum in swamps, &c.

Whole plant tough and elastic. Odour scarcely any.
Pileus 1-1 \ in. broad, funnel-shaped from a very early stage
of growth, faintly striate and minutely squamulose, dirty
ochraceous, becoming darker in age ; moist but not viscid ;
gills pale, decurrent, narrow, moderately distant, thick so as
to present in front a flat edge. Spores white Stem 1-2 in.
long, 1 line thick, hollow, somewhat crooked, smooth, except
at first, when it is very minutely squamulose above : in age
it is nearly pervious above. — This species agrees in many
points with A. epichysium, var. icmadophila, but its tough and
elastic nature is so different, that I cannot but consider it
distinct. The pileus is not membranaceous even on the
edge, which must separate it from A. pyxidatus. (Berk.)

Omplialia philonitis. Lasch.

Pileus ^-f in. across, membranaceous, entirely deeply
umbilicate, margin erect, not striate, hygrophanous, floccose
when dry, smoky-grey ; gills deeply decurrent, rather
distant, narrow, lanceolate, grey; stem hollow, li-2i- in.
long, not more than 1 line thick, equal or attenuated upwards,
glabrous, grey, base floccose.

Agaricus (Omphalia^) philonitis, Lasch, in Fries, Icon., t. 76,
f. 1; Cke., Illustr., pi. 289B; Cke., Hdbk., p. 94.

In swamps among Sphagnum, and on rotten wood.

Differs from 0. oniscus and 0. epichysium in the longer
stem, the deeply infundibuliform pileus not having even the
margin reflexed, and in appearing in the spring.

The gills are too white in Cooke's figure.

Omphalia oniscus. Fr.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, almost membranaceous, flaccid,
fragile when old, convex with an umbilicus, or infundibu-
liform, often irregular, undulato-flexuous, glabrous, dark-
grey, paler when dry, even, hoary-grey ; gills decurrent,
rather distant, grey, darker when dry; stem stuffed, then
hollow, rather firm but tough, about 1 in. long, 1 line or

OXPHALIA. 391

more thick, round and curved, or compressed and ascending,
undulate, grey.

Agaricus (Omphalia) oniscus, Fries, Epicr., p. 123 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 94 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 209A.

Among damp mosses, &c.

Distinguished by the grey colour of every part. Allied to
0. pyxidata ; the latter, however, differs in the yellowish-
brown colour. 0. rustica differs in the shorter stem, and 0.
striaepileus in the longer, slender stem.

Omphalia caespitosa. Bolton.

Pileus about £ in. across, flesh thin, almost hemispherical,
iimbilicate, sulcate almost to the centre, margin crenate,
smooth, pale ochraceous- white ; gills shortly decurrent,
distant, rather broad, whitish ; stem i-f in. long, nearly 1
line thick, almost equal, slightly bulbous at the base, coloured
like the pileus, hollow.

Agaricus caespitosus, Bolton, t. 41 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 94 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 209u.

On banks.

This species has been confounded with 0. oniscus, Fr.,
both in the " Handbook," ed. i., and by Fries himself. It is
exactly the plant figured in the English edition of Bolton,
but the German reprint is coloured quite differently. The
colour is entirely of a delicate ochraceous-white. (Cooke.)

Omphalia glaucophylla. Lasch.

Pileus up to ^ in. across, membranaceous, inf undibuliform ,
plicately striate, almost glabrous, mouse-colour, hygropha-
nous, becoming pale and almost even when dry ; gills de-
current, rather distant, lanceolate, olive ; stem stuffed, firm.

Agaricus (Omphalia) glaucophyllus, Lasch, no. 217; Cke.,.
Hdbk., p. 94.

On the ground in woods.

A small, and apparently distinct species, but comparatively
rare and imperfectly described.

Omphalia rustica. Fr.

Pileus 3-6 lines across, membranaceous, slightly convex,
umbilicate, glabrous, striate, hygrophanous, nearly even, and
slightly silky when dry, greyish-brown; gills decurrent,
rather thick, equally narrowed at each end, grey, margin

392 FUNGUS-FLORA.

arched ; stem up to 1 in. long, about i line thick, equal or
thickened upwards, grey or brown, polished.

Agaricus (Omphalia) rusticus, Fries, Epicr., p. 126 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 95.

On the ground.

Somewhat resembling 0. unibellifera, but distinguished by
the gills being narrowed behind.*

On sterile heaths and damp uncultivated places. Stem
stuffed, short, | in. long, rarely more, | line thick, equal or
slightly incrassated upwards and also often hollow, polished
glabrous, brown then grey, base rather downy ; pileus mem-
branaceous, disc always truly and broadly umbilicate, the
rest distinctly arched, up to J in. across, striate when moist,
brown then grey, even when dry ; in some forms glabrous
and becoming brownish, in others somewhat silky and hoary ;
in the first form, which appears to be the young stage, the
gills are adnate and brownish, slightly, and in the second
form deeply decurrent, rather distant in both, arcuate,
broadest in the middle. Quite distinct from 0. umbellifera.
(Fries.)

*** Umbelliferi.

Omphalia hepatica. Batsch.

Pileus |-1 in. across, almost membranaceous, tough, rigid,
convex and umbilicate, then infundibuliform, even, glabrous,
rufous flesh-colour, yellowish-tan and somewhat shining
when dry; gills decurrent, distant, narrow, forked, rather
thick, pallid ; stem about 1 in. long, 1 line thick, very
tough and often compressed, brownish flesh-colour, hollow.

Agaricus (Omphalia) hepaticus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 95 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 250B.

On lawns, by road sides, &c.

Very much resembling 0. pyxidata, but differing in being
rather coriaceous, even margin of pileus, and absence of
reddish tinge in the gills.

Very tough, flexible, stem hollow, very tough, about 1 in.
long and 1 line thick, equal but dilated into the pileus at
the apex, brownish flesh-colour, commonly naked, rarely
with white meal. Pileus coriaceo-membranaceous, convex
and umbilicate then infundibuliform, sometimes undulately

OMPHALIA. 393

lobed, £-!£ in. broad, even, glabrous, rufous flesh-colour
when moist, somewhat tawny-tan and rather shining when
dry. Flesh fibrous. Gills deeply decurrent, distant, dis-
tinctly connected by veins, narrow, whitish, .becoming pallid
(not flesh-colour), sometimes crisped. A very distinct species.
(Fries.)

Omphalia demissa. Fr.

Pileus hygrophanous, about | in. across, at first convex,
soon expanded and umbilicate, subcarnose, reddish grey or
buff, at length pale, minutely mealy; margin crenulate ;
gills decurrent, rather thick, flesh-coloured, especially
towards the margin, forked, rather distant, slightly connected
by veins ; stem | in. high, 1 line thick, flexuose, of the same
colour as the pileus, smooth, shining, solid ; spores oblong,
oblique, 7X 5 p.

Agaricus (Omphalia) demissus, Fr., Hym. Eur., p. 160 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 95; Cke., Illust., t. 250, fig. 1.

Agaricus (Omplialia) rufulus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist., no.
325.

On the ground among moss, in exposed places.

A very pretty and distinct species, with somewhat the
habit of Ag. laccatus, but allied to Ag. pyxidatus. (B. & Br.)

Pileus £ in. across, at first convex, soon expanded and
umbilicate, subcarnose, reddish-grey or buff, at length
pale, minutely mealy; margin crenulate. Stem J in. high,
1 line thick, flexuous, of the same colour as the pileus,
smooth, shining, solid ; gills decurrent, rather thick, flesh-
coloured, especially towards the margin, forked, rather
distant ; interstices veiny. Spores oblong, oblique. A very-
pretty and distinct species, with somewhat the aspect of
Agaricus laccatus, but allied to Agaricus pyxidatus. (B. & Br.).

Omphalia muralis. Sow.

Pileus |-| in. across, flesh thin, tough, umbilicate, margin
arched, radiately striate, glabrous, reddish-brown ; margin
crenulate; gills decurrent, narrowed at both ends, distant,
pallid or white with a tinge of yellow ; stem |-J in. long, i
line thick, glabrous, coloured like the pileus, stuffed.

Agaricus muralis, Sow., t. 322 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 95 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 250c.

On walls, sandy banks, &c.

394 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Intermediate between 0. Tiepatica and 0. umbellifera ; dif-
fering from the former in the pileus being striate when
moist, and the gills not being connected by veins ; from the
latter in* the gills being narrowed behind. Known from
0. rmtica in the absence of a grey tinge in the pileus and
stem.

Omphalia umbellifera. Linn.

Pileus about f- in. across, rather fleshy, convex then almost
plane, often more or less wavy or upturned, radiately striate
when moist, even and somewhat silky when dry ; margin at
first incurved and crenate; gills decurrent, very distant,
broad behind, whitish or coloured like the pileus ; stem about
| in. long, 1 line thick, coloured like the pileus, base downy,
imperfectly hollow.

Agaricus (Omphalia) umbelliferus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 96; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 271.

Agaricus umbelliferus, Linn., Suec., n. 1192.

In swamps, exposed pastures, &c.

Colour variable, grey, yellow, brownish, green, &c. Fries
says the colour is at first watery white, and shining white
when dry, and that it sometimes grows on wood. Known
among allied forms by the thicker, almost flat pileus, and
the broad, almost triangular, very distant gills.

The floccose substance of the pileus is thicker at the disc
than in allied species, hence the pileus is less membranaceous
and the umbilicus smaller. Gills very broad behind, trian-
gular, decurrent, very distant, margin straight, sometimes
dichotomous, &c. Colour very variable, commonly whitish,
shining white when dry ; in alpine regions, and on fir trunks
clear yellow; pileus usually whitish when dry, often grey-
ish in shady or scorched places and with the stem frequently
velvety ; on rotten beech trunks and in some shady localities
dark umber. (Fries.)

Var. abiegnus, B. & Br.; Cke., Illustr., pi. 271c.
Pale yellow.

In considerable numbers on a very decayed fir-stump.
Var. viridis, Flor. Dan., t. 1672, f. 1 ; Cke., Illustr., pi.
271s.

Every part pale green.

OMPHALIA. 395

Far. myochrous, Fries, Hym. Enr., p. 161.
Merulius fuscws, Withering, Arr., iv. p. 149.
Pileus rather fleshy, glabrous, brownish umber ; stem
strigose and rooting at the base ; gills somewhat branched.
On sodden beech trunks.

Omphalia infumata. B. & Br.

Pileus obtuse, not membranaceous, greenish, then smoky ;
stem thin, yellow, gills few, broad, decurrent, distant,
yellow.

Agaricus (Omphalia) infumatus, B. & Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
no. 1851 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 96.

On bark among moss.

Pileus 2 lines across ; stem 1 in. high, not a line thick,
dilated at the base, tomentose, especially below ; gills about
12, with smaller intermediate. Allied to O.umbellifera,}mt
quite distinct from all its varieties. (Berk, and Broome.)

There is no specimen of the present species in the Ber-
keley herbarium, Kew ; hence unfortunately the description
of this and other minute species, for a like reason, is im-
perfect.

Omphalia buccinalis. Sow.

Wholly white. Pileus about | in. across, trumpet-shaped,
soon plane or depressed ; gills deeply decurrent, triangular,
distant, white.

Agaricus buccinalis, Sow., Fungi, t. 107 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
96; Cke., Illustr., pi. 272A.

On twigs, &c.

This is certainly no form of A. umbelliferus ; and it is too
fleshy to be the same as A. stellatus. It is, as Sowerby says,
not uncommon, and is in great perfection this Jan. 8, 1832.
It has the habit of A. ptychophyllus, Cd., a species not noticed
by Fries ; but the gills are not plicate. (Berk, and Broome.)

Omphalia retosta. Fr.

Pileus £-§• in. across, flesh thin, plane then depressed, even
when moist, polished and glabrous when dry, margin arched,
incurved, entire, umber ; flesh pale umber ; gills slightly de-
current, equally narrowed at both ends, distant, distinct,
pale umber ; stem up to 1 in. long, 1 line thick, equal, gla-
brous, hollow, tough, paler than the pileus.

396 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Agaricits (Omphalia) retostus, Fries, Epicr., p. 125 ; Cko.,
Hdbk., p. 96 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 272s.

Somewhat resembling the umber form of 0. umlellifera,
but firmer, and the gills differ in resembling the segment of
a circle in outline, that is broadest in the middle, and gradu-
ally narrowed to each end. Like 0. umbratilis in colour and
form, but readily known by distant gills.

Omphalia abhorrens. B. & Br.

Very foetid. Pileus about | in. across, umbilicate, smooth,
brown, becoming pale; gills'narrow, decurrent, pale; stem
about 1 in. long, slender, slightly thickened at the apex,
coloured like the pileus.

Agaricus (Ompha'lia) abhorrens, B. and Br., Ann. Nat. Hist.,
no. 1853 ; Cko., Illustr., pi. 272c. ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 97.

Among short grass, on lawns, &c.

Allied closely to 0. retosta, but clearly distinct, apart from
its disgusting smell ; stem sometimes pruinose when young.
(B. & Br.)

Omphalia pseudoandrosacea. Bull.

Whitish or greyish. Pileus about ^ in. across, flesh very
thin, convex or^expanded, deeply umbilicate, and at lengtu
infundibuliform, striately plicate, glabrous, margin crenu-
late ; gills deeply decurrent, distant, distinct, rather triangu-
lar; stem about 1 in. long, not i line thick, equal, stuffed.

Agaricus pseudoandrosaceus, Bulliard, t, 276 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 251A; Cke., Hdbk., p. 97.

Among short grass.

Allied to 0. griseo-pallida, but much more slender. Differs
from 0. grisea in the umbilicate or infundibuliform pileus.

Omphalia griseo-pallida. Desmaz.
Pileus up to i in. across, flesh thin, oonvex then plane,
umbilicate, even, glabrous, somewhat shining, hygrophanous,
brownish-grey becoming hoary, often unequal and excentric,
margin drooping but not incurved ; gills decurrent, broadest
behind, distant, rather thick, colour of the pileus when moist,
when dry becoming not pale as usual, but darker ; stem up
to | in. long, thin, equal or slightly thickened upwards,
rather firm, glabrous, brown, rather hollow when old.

OMPHALIA. 397

Agaricus (Omphalia) griseo-pallida, Desmazieres, Crypt.,
no. 120; Cke., Hdbk., p. 97; Cke., Illustr., pi. 24lB.

On naked ground.

Somewhat resembles 0. umbellifera and 0. rusticn. but dis-
tinguished from both by the pileus not being striate when
moist.

Omphalia stellata. Fr.

White. Pileus up to £ in. across, truly membranaceous,
convex, umbilieate, pellucidly striate, glabrous; gills de-
current, rather distant, distinct, thin, not triangular ; stem
usually less than 1 in. long, very slender, fragile, stuffed then
hollow, often curved, base dilated and radiately stiigose or
hairy; spores elliptical, 6-7 x 4 p..

Agaricus (Omphalia) stellalus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 163;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 97 ; Cke., Illustr., p. 241c.

On rotten trunks, wood, &c.

Gregarious. Allied to 0. integrella, but distinguished by
the broader gills. Distinguished from Omphalia umbellifera
by being more slender, pileus generally excentric, and
general form.

II. MYCENABIL

* Campanellae.

Omphalia campanella. Batscli.

Pileus about \ in. across, membranaceous ; campanulately
convex, sometimes becoming expanded, umbilieate, striate,
hygrophanous, rusty -yellow, gills decurrent, rather crowded,
connected by veins, yellowish ; stem about l£ in. long, not a
line thick, smooth, horny, bay, tapering and with tawny
down at the base, hollow.

Agaricus campanella, Batsch, Fr., Syst. Myc., i. p. 166;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 273, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 98.

In fir woods, often on fir trunks.

Stem horny, rigid, fistulose, 1-2 in. long, scarcely a line
thick, glabrous, bay; base attenuated and rooting, tawny,
strigose. Pileus membranaceous, tough, carnpanuiate, soon
convex ; umbilieate, about ^ in. across, yellow-ferruginous,
hygrophanous. Gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, rather

398 FUNGUS-FLOEA.

crowded, "beautifully connected by veins, yellow, not
pruinose, sometimes veined. (Fries.)

Far. badipus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 162; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 98 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 273s.

Stem stuffed, somewhat fibrillose, base slightly bulbous
and with tawny down.

On the ground ; gregarious.

Pileus 3-11 lines across, broadly campanulate, sometimes
quite plane, of a beautiful yellow, inclining to ferruginous,
edge slightly silky ; gills yellow ; stem 1—2 in. high, 4— 1
line thick, scarcely fistulose, yellow above, then rufescent,
clothed with little yellow scales, thickest below, and there
covered with a dense tawny tomentum. (Cooke.)

Far. papillata, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 162.

Pileus acutely conical, at length becoming depressed round
the umbo.

On the ground, in pine woods, &c.

Far. myriadea, Kalchb., in Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 162.

Usually about half the size of the typical form ; densely
caespitose, pale tawny, gills pale brick-red with a flesh tinge.

Covering pine trunks and imparting a velvety appearance
owing to their numbers.

This var. has not yet been recorded for Britain.

Omplialia picta. Fr.

Pileus 3—5 lines across, up to 7 lines high, membranaceous,
cylindrico-campanulate, fuscous, disc nmbilicate, usually
yellow, the perpendicular sides striate, margin entire, paler ;
gills adnate, subdecurrent, from the singular form of the
pileus, very broad, higher then broad, distinct, distant,
whitish then tinged yellow ; stem 2-3 in. long, very slender,
horny, rigid, stuffed, straight, glabrous, bay, base discoid,
apex slightly thickened, paler.

Agaricus (Omphalia) pictus, Fries, Epicr., p. 126 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 98 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 272c.

On fallen twigs and branches.

There are two forms as follows: — B. Pileus conical,
papillate ; C. smaller, umbilicus obsolete, disc coloured like
rest of pileus ; stem slender, and without the expanded mem-
branaceous disc at the base. Among fallen pine leaves. (Fries.)

< IMPHALIA. 399

Omphalia camptophylla. Berk.

Pileus about i in. across, flesh very thin; convex, then
expanded, deeply striate, disc brown, pale and greyish
towards the margin ; gills white, ascending for some distance
from the front then abruptly decurrent; stem about 2 in.
high, very slender, equal, minutely downy, whitish, with
radiating base, minutely fistulose.

Agaricus (Omphalia) camptophyllus, Berk., Outl., p. 133;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 98 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 210A.

On sticks, &c.

Solitary or subgregarious. Pileus ^ in. broad, brown, with
a grey margin, stem 2 in. or more high, not a line thick,
with a few white fibres, under a lens minutely but beauti-
fully pubescent ; base radiate-strigose, at first yellow, when
full-grown pale above, pale rufescent below. (Berk.)

Omprialia grisea. Fr.

Pileus about | in. across, almost membranaceous ; cam-
panulate then convex, slightly papillate, and at length a
little umbilicate, not becoming truly expanded, glabrous,
striate, hygrophanous, livid-grey then hoary; gills shortly
decurrent, distant, distinct, broad, rather thick, greyish-
white; stem up to 3 in. long, 1 line thick, apex slightly
thickened, round, straight, even, glabrous, greyish-white,
not rooting, rather firm, cartilaginous, soon hollow; spores
7-8 X 4 fi.

Agaricus (Omphalia) griseus, Fries, Epicr., p. 127 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 99; Cke., Illustr., pi. 210u.

Among grass in woods, &c.

Recalling to mind Cantharellus devexus, but differing in the
more numerous, broader gills.

Omphalia umbratilis. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, almost membranaceous, obtusely
campanulate, then convex, umbilicate, glabrous, blackish-
brown, margin slightly striate ; gills very slightly decur-
rent, arcuate, crowded, broad, narrowed at both ends, white
with a brownish tinge ; stem 1-8 in. long, about 1 line thick,
equal, even, glabrous, blackish-brown, tough, tubular, tube
stuffed ; spores elliptical, 7 X 5 /x.

Agaricus (Omphalia) umbratilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 127; Cke.,
Hdbk., p, 99 ; Cke., Jllustr., pi. 274A.

400 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Sides of ditches and damp places.

Gregarious, tough, hygrophanous ; pileus hoary when dry.
Somewhat resembling 0. retosta, but distinguished by the
crowded gills.

Omphalia fibula. Bull.

Pileus up to \ in. across, membranaceous, margin of pileus
drooping then expanded, sometimes truly conical and papil-
late, usually umbilicate and at length quite infundibuliform,
hygrophanous, glabrous, striate when moist, pale when dry,
orange-yellow, but sometimes brownish or entirely white ;
gills deeply decurrent, distant, distinct, broad, whitish ;
stem 1-1 1 in. long, very slender, coloured like the pileus,
stuffed then hollow ; spores elliptical, 4-5 X 2 /u,.

Agaricus fibula, Bulliard, Champ. France, 186, f. 1 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 99 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 274u.

Damp places among moss, &c.

Also usually abundant on ground that has been burnt.

Very slender and delicate, but tough, very elegant. Stem
usually very slender and weak, but sometimes, especially in
Alpine districts, more robust and straight.

Pileus 1—6 lines broad, at first hemispherical, the margin
inflexed, then plane ; more or less depressed, yellow or
tawny with a dusky centre, obscurely striated, the whole
minutely pilose. Gills yellowish or white, distinct, not
ventricose, decurrent. Spores white, round.

Stem 1-1 £ in. high, not a line thick, slender, yellow, or
tawny with a violet-brown apex, the whole minutely pilose
like the pileus and obsoletely fibrillose. (Berk.)

Far. Swartzii, Fries, Monogr., i. p.17; Cke., Hdbk., r>.
99 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 274s.

About the size of the typical form, but differing in the
almost plane, whitish pileus with a brown disc, stem whitish,
apex tinged with violet ; altogether firmer ; spores elliptical,
4x2.

Oil the ground.

Omphalia directa. B. & Br.

Very minute, nail-shaped, pileus rarely! line across, flat
at the apex, white ; gills decurrent, white ; stem rather
wavy, not 1 in. high, very slender, whitish with a tinge of
rufous, clad with long hairs at the base.

OMPHALIA. 401

Agaricus (Omphalia) direcla, Berk, and Broorae, Ann. Nat.
Hist., no. 1931 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 100 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 251 A.

On dead leaves ; gregarious.

Stem slightly rufous, thread-like, not an inch high.
(B. and Br.)

Omphalia belliae. Johnst.

Pileus about ^ in. high and across, membranaceous, dry,
top-shaped, infundibuliform, mouth partly closed by the
incurved margin, pale wood-colour; gills decurrent, thick,
paler than the pileus, interstices veined; stem about 1^ in.
long, not 1 line thick, equal, cartilaginous, brownish below,
pale above, hollow, adhering by a white cottony base.

Agaricus belliae, Johnston, Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. i., vol. vi.,
t. 10, f. 1 ; Cke., Elustr., pi. 25U; Cke., Hdbk., p. 100.

On dead stems of reed.

Readily recognised by the peculiar form of the pileus.

Omphalia gracillima. Weinm.

Snow-white. Pileus 1-3 lines across, membranaceous,
somewhat downy or flocculose, sulcate ; gills decurrent,
rather distant, thin ; stem about £ in. high, very slender,
base cottony.

Agaricus gracillimus, "Weinm., Boss., p. 121 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
100; Cke., Illustr., pi. 252, f. 1.

On decaying herbaceous stems, and in damp places.

A very delicate species, drying up, white, rather flocculose
when young ; stem minutely hollow, as thin as a hair, soft,
3-6 lines long, base cottony ; pileus membranaceous, hemi-
spherical, sometimes umbilicate, sometimes papillate, never
turned up, 2-3 lines broad, flocculose then almost glabrous,
manifestly striate when moist. Gills decurrent, thin, rather
distant, alternate ones shorter.

Agreeing in many points with 0. stellata, but more delicate,
pileus at first flocculose, form, and thin gills distinguish it.
(Fries.)

Omphalia bullula. Brig.

Wholly white. Pileus 1-2 lines across, membranaceous,
even, hemispherical, diaphanous ; gills arched, decurrent ;
stem not 1 in. long, very slender.

VOL. II. 2 D

402 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Agaricus lullula, Briganti, t. 16, f. 1 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 100 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 252s.

On dead sticks.

Somewhat resembling 0. integrella, distinguished by the
even, diaphanous pilous, and the broader gills. Scattered.

** Integrelli.

Omphalia integrella. Pers.

White. Pileus 2-4 lines broad, membranaceous, conical
when young, soon hemispherical, often deformed, expanded,
disc depressed, then |- in. and more across, margin striate ;
gills decurreiit, narrow, fold-like, distant, usually disappear-
ing within the margin of the pileus, equal or branched as in
Cantharellus, but with the margin acute ; stem up to 1 in.
long, slender, fistulose, rather firm, pilose below, base often
attached by a minute downy bulb.

Agaricus {Omphalia) integrellus, Pers., Icon. Pict., t. 13, f . 5 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 100 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 252c.

On rotten wood, leaves, grass, and on damp ground in
shady places.

Small, commonly fasciculate, especially when growing on
wood, when the stem is incurved, fragile, variable in form,
entirely white. (Fries.)

CLITOCYBE. Fries, (figs. 14, 15, p. 301.)

Pileus generally fleshy at the disc, and becoming thin
towards the margin, flexible or tough, for the most part
piano-depressed or infundibuliform, margin involute ; gills
more or less decurrent or adnate ; never sinuate ; stem
central, externally compactly fibrous, somewhat elastic,
stuffed, often becoming hollow ; veil either forming a downy
silkiness on the pileus, or obsolete ; spores elliptical or sub-
globose, smooth.

Clitocybe, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 70 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 45
(as a subgenus of Agaricus).

Undoubtedly the most difficult genus, so far as the limita-
tion of species is concerned, that is included in the Agaricinae.

CLITOOYBE. 403

Differs from Omplialia in the stern being of a fibrous texture
externally, and not compact and polished, or cartilaginous.
Tricholoma differs in the gills being sinuate or rounded
behind. Collybia also differs in the adnexed or almost free
gills being rounded behind, and in the cartilaginous stem.
Terrestrial, often clustered.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

Group A. Pileus fleshy, often becoming pale when dry,
but not hygrophanous. Flesh firm, not watery, nor splitting
into two layers. Differs from Series B. in becoming pale and
minutely silky when diy.

I. DISCIFORMES.

Pileus somewhat equally fleshy; convex, then plane or
depressed, obtuse ; gills at first adnate or regularly adnato-
decurrent. Normally solitary.

* Pileus grey or brownish.
** Pileus violet or rufescent.
*** Pileus yellowish.
**** Pileus greenish or pallid.

***** Pileus white, becoming shining white. Eequire to
be carefully distinguished , from the white hygrophanous
species, and from the white species of Pazillus.

II. DlFFORMES.

Pileus fleshy at the disc, margin thin, umbonate at first,
then expanded and depressed, irregular. Gills unequally
decurrent, long in some places, short in others ; sometimes
rounded or adnexed on one side, as in Tricholoma. Stem
somewhat cartilaginous outside, but fibrous, caespitose, often
connate, form very variable, sometimes quite solitary.

2 D 2

404 FUNGUS-FLORA.

III. INFUNDIBULIFORMES.

Pileus becoming thin towards the margin from the fleshy
disc, at length entirely infundibuliform or the centre deeply
umbilicately depressed, Stem spongy, externally fibrous.
Gills descending, deeply and equally decurrent from the first.
Pileus often becoming discoloured or pale, but not hygro-
phanous.

* Pileus coloured, or growing pallid, superficially (at
least under a lens), innately flocculose or silky, absorbing
the moisture, hence not moist.

** Pileus coloured or pallid, glabrous, moist in rainy
weather.

*** Pileus shining white, with scattered superficial flocci,
then almost glabrous.

Group B. Flesh of pileus thin, truly hygrophanous, soft,
watery.

IV. CYATHIFORMES.

Flesh of pileus thin (consisting of two separable sheets),
disc not compact, hygrophanous, depressed then cup-shaped ;
gills adnate at first, then decurrent, descending, straight.
Colour dingy when moist.

V. ORBIFORMES.

Pileus somewhat fleshy, hygrophanous, convex then
flattened or depressed, polished, not squamulose nor mealy ;
gills plane, horizontal, crowded, thin, adnate or with a
decurrent tooth. Colour dingy or watery, becoming pale.

* Gills greyish or olive. Pileus at first dark.
** Gills whitish. Pileus becoming pale.

VI. VERSIFORMES.

Pileus thin, convex then deformed, tough, more or less
squamulose or furfuraceous ; gills adnate, broad, rather thick,
for the most part distant and powdered with white.

* Pileus squalid or brownish with dark squamules.
** Pileus bright, all one colour.

CLITOCYBE. 405

I. DISCIFOKMES.

* Pileus grey or brownish.

Clitocybe nebularis. Batsch.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh white, very thick at the disc
and gradually becoming thinner towards the margin ; con-
vex, often obtusely gibbous, greyish soon pale and livid ;
gills slightly decurrent, arcuate, crowded, rather narrow,
white then pallid ; stem 2-3 in. long, up to £ in. thick,
slightly attenuated upwards, whitish, fibrillosely striate,
firm, stuffed; spores elliptical, 6x3-5 p..

Agaricus nebularis, Batsch, Elen., f. 193; Cke., Hdbk., p.
45 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 79.

In woods, among dead leave?, &c.

Esculent. Stem 3 in. long, about 1 in. thick, white.
Pileus 3-5 in. broad, clouded with grey, or dingy brown, at
length grey, sometimes pruinose. (Cooke.)

Gregarious, subcaespitose, tough, somewhat cartilaginous.
Stem solid or stuffed, fleshy-fibrous, 2-3 in. long, in pine
woods, 2-3 in. in damp mixed wocds, 4-6 lines thick, almost
equal but often twisted and curved, glabrous, dingy white,
apex more or less powdered with white meal. Disc of pileus
truly fleshy, but becoming thin towards the margin, convex
then plane, obtuse, or when young distinctly gibbous, some-
times symmetrical and regular, at others flexuous and waved,
even, glabrous, rather hygrophanous, 1-3 in. across, smoky-
brown, soon livid or grey when dry, never virgate. Flesh
hyaline when moist, becoming white when dry. Gills adnate
in the regular form, but when the pileus is irregular, decur-
rent or rounded ; crowded, distinct, greyish-white from the
first. Smell none. (Fries.)

Clitocybe clavipes. Pers.

Pileus 1|-2| in. across, rather convex at first, soon plane,
at length almost obconical, very obtuse, even, glabrous,
dry, sometimes all one colour, brown, sooty, livid-grey,
*fec., sometimes whitish towards the margin, very rarely
entirely white ; flesh loose in texture, white, thin at the
margin; gills deeply decurrent, continued do\vn the stem

406 FUNGUS-FLORA.

as straight lines, rather distant, flaccid, quite entire, broad,
entirely and persistently white; stem 2 in. long, base \
in. and more thick, conically attenuated upwards, rather
fibrillose, livid sooty, solid, spongy within, spores ellip-
tical, 6-7 x 4 p..

Agaricus clavipes, Pers., Syn., p. 353 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 45 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 80.

In woods, especially pine.

Eesembling C. nebularis in colour, but quite distinct.
Smell pleasant, entire substance soft and elastic. (Fries.)

Clitocybe comitalis. Fr.

Pileus about H in. across, fleshy, convex then plane,
obtuse, even, glabrous, rather moist but not hygrophauous,
every part coloured alike, sooty-umber, almost black; flesh
firm, white ; gills very slightly decurrent, horizontal, plane,
thin, crowded, white ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
equally attenuated upwards from the base, glabrous, sooty,
elastic, stuffed ; spores elliptical, 7-8 X 4 /A.

Agaricus comitalis, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 5 ; Fries, Icon,
t. 47, f. 2.

Damp places among mosses in pine woods, &c.

Distinguished by the blackish colour of the almost flat
pileus, and the very slightly decurrent gills. Somewhat
allied to C. clavipes, but firmer, smaller, and inodorous.

Clitocybe gangraenosa. Fr.

Pileus fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, whitish, at first
sprinkled with white powder, then naked, variegated, vir-
gate ; gills slightly decurrent, arcuate, crowded, dingy
white ; stem somewhat bulbous, soft, striate, spongy, solid.

Agaricus (Clitocybe') gangraenosus, Fries, Epicr., p. 56 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 45.

In woods.

Stinking ; large, flesh becoming blackish and variegated
with black. Stem curved, sometimes excentric. Pileus
whitish, here and there greenish, livid, &c. (Fries.)

Pileus whitish, livid, at length turning jet-black. (Cooke.)

Far. nigrescens, Lasch., Linn., vol. iv. n. 521 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 46.

Whitish ; pileus thin, soft, at first convex, obtuse, then

CLITOCYBE. 407

plane, somewhat utnbonate, and somewhat depressed ; gills
decurrent, very much crowded, narrow ; stem solid, downy.

In larch plantations.

Pileus 2—3 in. broad, stem l£-l£ in. long, 2-3 lines thick.
Odour rather sweet, taste unpleasant. (Cooke.)

Clitocybe polius. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh £ in. and more thick at the
disc, gradually thinning out towards the margin; convex
then plane, often obtusely gibbous especially when young,
glabrous, pale grey, not hygrophanous ; gills rather deeply
and equally decurrent, closely crowded, very narrow, white ;
stem 2-3 in. long, i in. or more thick at the base, slightly
attenuated upwards, glabrous, whitish, solid.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) polius, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 80 ; Fries,
Icon., p. 44, t. 48, fig. 1.

Agaricus fumosus, var. polius, Cke., Hdbk., p. 52 (exclu.
syn., Saund. & Sin., t. 13).

In woods.

Caespitose, clusters sometimes small, at others consisting
of numerous individuals connate at the base ; the first con-
dition is the typical one, more regular, stem solid, rather
fleshy (not cartilaginous), equal, or slightly thickened at
the base, straight, glabrous, 2-3 in. long, white. Pileus
fleshy, orbicular, convex then flattened, 1 in. and more
broad, even, glabrous, pale grey, opaque, not hygrophanous.
Flesh white. Gills equally decurrent, very much crowded,
exceedingly narrow, quite entire, white. The second forms
luxuriant clusters of large size, stems very numerous, con-
nate at the base, thinner and often flexuous ; pileus thinner,
often irregular from mutual pressure.

The superficial appearance and analogous form suggest
that the present species might be a form of Cfumosa, but
the structure is very different. C. polius is fleshy ; C. fumosa
somewhat cartilaginous, apex of stem pruinose, pileus at first
sooty then livid, somewhat hygrophanous; flesh hyaline,
whitish when dry. Gills irregularly decurrent, greyish-
white. (Fries.)

Clitocybe inornata. Sow.

Pileus 3-4 in. across, flesh thick, white; plane or de-
pressed, obtuse, even, smooth, cuticle separable, pale dingy

408 FUNGUS-FLORA.

freyish-tan with a tinge of olive ; gills slightly decuri ent,
lines broad, crowded, plane; stem about 1| in. long, 4-6
lines thick, nearly equal, longitudinally rugulose, firm,
greyish.

Agaricm inornatm, Sow., t. 342 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 46 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 246A (copied from Suwerby).
Among grass.

A species that has not been met with since Sowerby's time,
and consequently not well understood.

Clitocybe hirneola. Fr.

Pileus about | in. across, flesh thin, plane then depressed,
umbilicate, very even, shining, slightly viscid when fresh,
cuticle minutely silky, hoary ; tough, dry, grey then whit-
ish; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, thin, rather broad,
greyish-white ; stem up to 2 in. long, scarcely 1 line thick,
equal, flexuous, elastic, glabrous, grey, apex with white
meal ; spores elliptical, greyish-white, 5 x 3 p..

Agaricus (Clitocybe) hirneolm, Fries, Epicr., p. 58 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 246 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 46.

Among moss and grass ~by roadsides, &c.

Small, gregarious, tough, but not hygrophanous.

Var. major, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 103.

Pileus, 1^ in. broad, undulated, somewhat zoned, whitish,

** Pileus violet or rufescent.

Clitocybe cyanophaea. Fr.

Pileus 3—4 in. across, rather fleshy ; convex then plane,
obtuse, glabrous, brownish with a blue tinge ; gills deeply
decurrent, crowded, violet becoming pale; stem about 3 in.
long, ^ in. across at the thickened base, attenuated up-
wards, bluish when young, apex abruptly white, solid,
glabrous.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) cyanophaeus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 82.

Agaricus nudus, Harz , t. 30.

In woods, &c.

Somewhat resembling Tricholoma nudum, but distinct in
the deeply decurrent gills, &c.

Var. Pengelleyi, B. & Br., Cke., Hdbk., p. 46 ; Cke., Il-
lustr., pi. 264.

CLITOCYBE. 409

It is possible that this form may be specifically distinct ;
but though it differs so much from the figure given by Gon-
nennan and Eabenhorst, the characters answer so well to
those which are given in Hym. Eur., that we do not consider
it at present distinct. It occurred on two occasions ; the
abrupt white apex of the stem is very remarkable. (B. and
Br.)

The so-called variety only appears to differ from the
typical form in having the stem attenuated at the base.

Clitocybe opiparia. Fr.

Pileus 2—4 in. across, flesh thick, white ; convex then
plane, obtuse, even, glabrous, shining, yellowish red ; gills
slightly decurrent, crowded, whitish ; stem 2-3 in. long,
i in. and more thick, more or less equal, whitish, solid.

Agaricus '(Clitocybe) opiparius, Fries, Epicr., p. 59 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 382; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1183.

Among moss under trees, &c.

Stem solid, fleshy, firm, not elastic, 2-3 in. and more long,
•J— 1 in. thick, equal or slightly attenuated at the base,
glabrous, white. Pileus fleshy, convex then expanded,
obtuse, 2-4 in. broad, even, at first with scattered fibrils, but
soon very glabrous, without a separate pellicle, becoming
pale but not hygrophanous, rosy flesh-colour, gilvous, or
fleshy tan-colour ; flesh compact, white, unchangeable. Gills
equally narrowed behind, acute, adnate or adnato-decurrent,
crowded, usually connected by transverse veins, 3-4 lines
broad, white. Smell not remarkable, taste pleasant. (Fries.)

Clitocybe amara. Fr.

Taste very bitter. Pileus l|-2i in. across, flesh rather
thick at the disc, margin thin, convex then plane, obtuse, or
sometimes slightly umbonate, dry, rufescent or yellowish
tawny, slightly flocculoee ; gills slightly decurrent, about
H line broad, crowded, white; stem about 2 in. long, 4-G
lines thick, tough, white, floccose then almost glabrous, solid ;
spores elliptical, 4 x 2 p..

Agaricus (Clytocybe) amarus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 87;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 47 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 134A.

In woody places.

A very distinct species, but the variable colour of the
pileus is misleading. Varies to rufous-brown, whitish rufous,

410 FUNGUS-FLORA.

paler towards the margin. Stem about 2 in. long, | in.
thick. Pileus often unequal and wavy, not polished under
a lens ; flesh firm but not thick. Taste very bitter. (Fries.)

Clitocybe socialis. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc ;
convex, soon expanded, rather acutely umbonate when young,
then usually obtuse with age, even, glabrous, pale yellowish-
red or almost flesh-colour; gills very slightly decurrent,
scarcely crowded, becoming yellowish ; stem about 1 in.
long, 1-2 lines thick, ascending, glabrous, reddish, solid.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) socialis, Fries, Icon., p. 47, pi. 49 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 47 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 134n.

On fallen pine leaves.

A very pretty species, densely gregarious, inodorous.
Stem solid, fibrous, usually ascending, 1 in. long, 1 line or a
little more thick, base thickened and rooting among pine
leaves, strigose as in Marasmius peronatus. Flesh of pileus
thin, white, convex then expanded, acutely umbonate, espe-
cially when young, about 1 in. broad, even, glabrous, dry,
reddish or for the most part reddish-yellow. Gills plano-
decurrent, not crowded, becoming yellowish. (Fries.)

*** Pileus becoming yellowish.

Clitocybe amarella. Pers.

Smell strong ; taste very bitter. Pileus about 2 in across,
plane, firm, somewhat umbonate, glabrous, reddish-yellow or
pale fawn-colour, glabrous ; gills slightly decurrent, crowded,
pallid with a grey tinge, dichotomous, somewhat shining ;
stem about 2 in long, 2 lines thick, tough, equal, base with
white down, solid.

Agaricus amarellus, Persoon, Myc. Eur., iii. p. 99 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 47.

Among grass (a doubtful native). The taste is bitter
and disgusting, the smell like that of prussic acid. (B. & Br.)

Clitocybe vernicosa. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, convex then ex-
panded, regular, obtuse but depressed when old, even,
glabrous, shining deep yellow, margin incurved ; flesh white ;

CLITOCYBK. 411

gills slightly dccurrcnt, equally narrowed behind, rather
distant, yellow ; stem about 1 in. long, 3 lines thick, equal,
even, glabrous, yellow, firm, tough, stuffed.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) vernicoms, Fries, Epicr., p. 60 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 47 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 265A.

In larch woods, &c.

Superficially resembling Tricholoma cerinum, but easily dis-
tinguished by the gills not being crowded, but truly decur-
rent, and not sinuate. Stem stuffed, firm, tough, 1 in. long,
about 3 lines thick, equal, glabrous, yellow ; pileus fleshy,
convex then expanded, obtuse, 1-2 in. and more across, even,
glabrous, shining, yellow with a red tinge, margin involute ;
flesh firm, white ; gills adnato-decurrent, equally attenuated
behind, yellow, rather distant. (Fries.)

Clitocybe venustissima. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh coloured ; convex then plane,
obtuse, margin even when young then striate and elegantly
crenate, glabrous, orange with a tinge of red, becoming pale ;
gills decurrent, rather distant, coloured like the pileus ; stem
1-1 iy in. long, 1-2 lines thick, smooth but not polished, equal,
glabrous, reddish-orange, stuffed then hollow ; spores ellip-
tical, smooth, 6 x 3 -5 p..

Agaricus (Clitocybe) venustisssimus, Fries, Monogr.,ii. p, 289 ;
Cke., lllustr., pi. 265u. ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 47.

Among rotten pine leaves, &c.

Gregarious, inodorous, slenderer than C. vernicosa ; stem
stuffed when young, then hollow, H in. long, 2-3 lines thick,
equal, glabrous, reddish-orange, base with white down.
Pileus slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, regular, obtuse
or somewhat umbilicate when old, 1-2 in. broad, silky,
smooth, shining tawny, or reddish-orange, but becoming
pale, margin sometimes even, sometimes crenate in large
forms. Flesh similarly coloured. Gills truly decurrent,
rather distant, golden yellow with a red or tawny . tinge.
(Fries.)

Clitocybe subalutacea. Batsch.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, fleshy, soft, convexo-plane then de-
pressed, obtuse, unequal, glabrous, yellowish, becoming pale ;
gills adnato-decurrent, broad, rather distant, whitish"; stem
2 in. long, stuffed, firm, elastic, naked.

412 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Agaricus subalutaccus, Batsch, f. 194; Cke., Hdbk., p. 48.

Under trees.

Stature of C. venustissima, but firmer and the stem longer.
Pileus becoming pale. Smell weak, resembling aniseed, or
obsolete. (Fries.)

**** Pileus greenish or pallid.

Clitocybe odora. Sow.

Fragrant. Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh rather thick,
tough ; soon plane and wavy, even, smooth, pale dingy green,
silky when dry ; gills adnate, rather close, broad, greenish
or pallid ; stem about 1-H in. long, 2 lines thick, base in-
crassated, elastic, stuffed ; spores elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 //,.

Agaricus odorus, Sowerby, t. 42 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 48 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 101.

In woods.

Eeadily distinguished by the strong, aniseed smell, dingy
bluish-green pileus, and the pallid or greenish gills.

Sometimes somewhat caespitose. Tough; size variable,
colour varies between pale green and aeruginous-grey,
usually all coloured alike, but the gills are sometimes white ;
smell pleasant, spicy, especially when dry. (Fries.)

We consider A. viridis, Withering, to be the same species,
although Fries regards them as distinct. (Cooke.)

Clitocybe Trogii. Fr.

Smell very fragrant, spicy. Pileus about 2 in. across,
flesh rather thick at the disc, becoming thin towards the
margin, convex then expanded, obtuse, glabrous, minutely
silky, uniform greyish-white, dull and opaque ; gills slightly
decurrent, crowded, about 1^ line broad, whitish; stem
about 1 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, almost equal, whitish, base
downy, solid.

Agaricus (Clitocybe} Trogii, Fries, Epicr., p. 59; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 48 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 102.

Among leaves.

Agreeing with C. odora, in the fragrant, spicy smell, but
known by the dingy pale grey, not green pileus, and the
stouter build of the entire fungus.

CLITOCYBE. 413

The colour approaching that of G. metacliroa. Very
fragrant. (Cooke.)

Clitocybe rivulosa. Pers.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane and
depressed, obtuse, often undulately lobed, dingy flesh-colour
or rufescent, becoming pale, glabrous, then covered with a
whitish down ; gills slightly decurrent, broad, rather
crowded, pinkish white; stem about 2 in. long, 3-4 lines
thick, rather fibrillose, tough, elastic, whitish, stuffed;
spores elliptical, 6 X 3 • 5 //..

Agaricus rivulosus, Persoon, Syn., p. 369 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
48 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 200A.

Among grass by road-sides, &c.

Mossy pastures, road-sides &c. From its variability in
size and colour not usually recognised; solitary or caes-
pitose, most luxuriant in late autumn during rainy weather.
Stem stuffed, pith spongy, often becoming hollow, tough,
elastic, 1-2 in. long, about 3-4 lines thick, equal, somewhat
fibril lose, becoming whitish. Pileus fleshy, rather thin,
convex, then plane, at length depressed, never umbonate,
regular when young, 1-2 in. across, but becoming succes-
sively expanded, and at length 3-4 in. across, wavy, undu-
lately lobed, at first with whitish, closely adpressed down,
at length truly broken up and downy; margin at first,
incurved, downy ; at first with a tinge of flesh-colour, but
becoming white when old and dry, sometimes tinged
brownish ; flesh compact, white ; gills obliquely acute
behind, not equally attenuated, adnate then somewhat
decurrent, broad, rather crowded, with a flesh-colour tinge,
then whitish, smell pleasant, taste sweet. (Fries.)

Var. Neptuneus, Batsch, Elench., fig. 18; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 200B.

Smaller than the typical form.

***** Pileus icliite, shining when dry.

Clitocybe cerrusata. Fr.

Pileus H-3 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming
thin towards the margin ; convex then almost plane, obtuse,
even, minutely floccose then almost glabrous, white; gills
adnate, then decurrent, very much crowded, thin, perma-

414 FUNGUS-FLORA.

nently white ; stem about 2 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, smooth,
tough, elastic, naked, spongy and solid, white.

Agaricus (Clytocybe) cerrusatus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 92 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 49; Cke., Illustr., pi. 121.

Among dead leaves, &c.

Taste mild, smell almost obsolete. Stem rather thickened
at the base and often tomentose. Pileus said to be gibbous,
but not umbonate nor becoming rufescent. Gills not
changing to yellowish. (Fries.)

Entirely white, inodorous, taste sweet, stem solid, fibrous,
elastic, 2-3 in. long, base thickened and more or less covered
with white down, naked upwards, smooth. Peleus fleshy,
convex then expanded, obtuse or gibbous, 2-3 in. broad, even,
glabrous, floccosely fibrillose at first, margin involute, downy.
Flesh soft, white. Gills adnate then slightly decurrent,
crowded, thin, quite entire, narrow, never tinged with
yellow. (Fries.)

Far. difformis, Fries, Hyrn. Eur., p. 8G; Cke., Hdbk., p.
49 ; Cke., Illustr. pi. 122.

Caespitose ; often very large, pileus undulately lobed ;
stem short, longitudinally rugose ; gills at length pallid.

The pileus is sometimes adpressedly floccose at first, from
2 to 7 in. across in the same cluster, the larger stems 1 in.
thick and long. (Fries.)

Clitocybe phyllophila. Fr.

Whitish-tan. Pileus 1-3 in. across, rather fleshy, convex
then plane, becoming uuibilicate and depressed, sometimes
wavy, smooth and even ; gills thin subdistant, white then
tinged with ochre, rather broad, very slightly decurrent;
stem 2—3 in. long, equal, stuffed then hollow, whitish, tough,
silky-fibrillose ; spores 6 x 4 /A.

Agaricus (Clytocybe') phyllophilus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 87;
Cke., Illustr., t. 81. (Colour too white, both pileus and
gills.)

Among leaves in woods, &c.

Somewhat caespitose, tough, not at all hygrophanous,
smell scarcely observable. Stem elastic, fibrous externally,
stuffed with a spongy pith which sometimes disappears,
leaving the stem hollow, always tough, base incurved (but
not bulbous) downy, from 2—3 in. long, for the rest very

CLITOCYBE. 415

variable, sometimes erect, sometimes decumbent, at times
glabrous above, white. Pileus fleshy, convex then piano-
depressed, obtuse, but never truly infundibuliform, often
excentric and repand, 2-4 in. across, pale tan then pallid-
white (same colour both moist and dry), surface with a very
delicate silky down, silky towards the margin. Gills adnate,
slightly decurrent, 2-3 lines broad, scarcely crowded, white
at first then becoming pallid or almost whitish-tan. (Fries.)

Clitocybe pithyophila. Fr.

AVhite. Pileus li-3 in. across, flesh thin, more or less
plane and umbilicate, often becoming waved and lobed,
hygrophanous, becoming shining white when dry, glabrous ;
gills slightly decurrent, about 2 lines broad, crowded, per-
sistently white ; stem about 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal,
often compressed, white, glabrous, base downy, imperfectly
hollow.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) piihyophilus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 87 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 49 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 103A (colour too pallid-
tan, both pileus and gills).

On the ground in pine woods, &c.

Gregarious or slightly caespitose. Allied to C. phyllophila,
but distinguished by the persistently white gills aud white
pileus. Smell pleasant. C. tuba closely resembles the
present species, but differs in the deeply decurrent gills.

Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, white, but watery when
moist, somewhat hygrophanous, in which respect it differs
from C. phyllophiluSj which is the same colour moist and dry ;
stem imperfectly hollow, round then compressed, equal, even,
glabrous, base (not bulbous), with white down. Pileus thin,
almost plane, umbilicate, at length deformed, wavy and
undulately lobed, 2-3 in. broad, even, glabrous, flaccid,
whitish when moist, shining- white when dry, margin
slightly striate when old. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent,
very much crowded, plane, 2-3 lines broad, distinct, quite
entire, white. Smell not remarkable. (Fries.)

Clitocybe tornata. Fr.

White. Pileus 1-2 in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin,
flesh white ; orbicular, flattened or somewhat depressed
round the gibbous disc, at length minutely downy, somewhat
shining ; gills very slightly decurrent, horizontal, crowded ;

416 FUNGUS-FLORA.

stem about 1| in. long, 1 1>— 2 lines thick, equal, glabrous but
not polished, slightly striate, tough, stuffed ; spores ellip-
tical, 4-6 x 3-4 IJL.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) tornatus, Fries. Syst. Myc., i. p. 91 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 103B; Cke., Hdbk., p. 50.

In woods, &c.

Distinguished among allies by its small size, and regularity
of form. Stem stuffed, tough, fibrous, 1^ in. long, 1^—2 lines
thick, equal, or attenuated, towards the base, round, glabrous
but not polished, white, base downy. Disc of pileus fleshy,
the remainder thin, convex then flattened, at length de-
pressed round the gibbous disc, 1-2 in. across, absolutely dry,
entirely white, properly glabrous, but somewhat silky from
the agglutinated veil, as in C. rivulosa ; at length the surface
slightly broken up and downy. Flesh white. Gills hori-
zontal, entirely adnate, with a decurrent tooth, plane, very
crowded, 1 line or more broad. (Fries.)

Clitocybe candicans. Pers.

Entirely white. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin,
convex then plane or slightly depressed, umbilicate, regular
or slightly eccentric, even, with an adpressed silkiness,
shining, shining white when dry; gills adnate then slightly
decurrent, crowded, very thin, narrow, straight ; stem 1-2
in. long, 1-2 Hues thick, even, glabrous, cartilaginous,
polished, equal, hollow, base incurved, rooting, downy;
spores broadly elliptical or subglobose, 5-6 x 4 p..

Agaricus candicans, Persoon, Syn., p. 456 ; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 82 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 50.

Among damp fallen leaves, &c.

Entirely white, small, rather tough ; approaching Om-
phalia in the structure of the stem. The following form is
described by Fries as occurring in pine woods.

Stem thin, flexuous, base glabrous; pileus plane, not
umbilicate, naked (without silky down). Gills scarcely de-
current.

A remarkable form but scarcely to be separated as a
species. (Fries.)

Clitocybe dealbata. Sow.

Pileus 1—1^ in. across, flesh thin, dry, white, tough ;
convex then plane, at length upturned and wavy, always

CLITOCYBE. 417

dry, even, glabrous, rather shining, at length minutely mealy
tinder a lens, white; gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, thin,
crowded, white ; stem about 1 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal,
often ascending, whitish, apex mealy, stuffed, often becoming
hollow, entirely fibrous, white; spores elliptical, 4-5 x
2-5 /A.

Agaricus dealbatus, Sowerby, t. 123 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 50 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 104.

In sunny places among grass, &c. A form often occurs on
old mushroom beds.

Small, sweet, inodorous, or nearly so, tough, entirely white.
Pileus orbicular, or irregular and wavy. C. ericetorum
differs in the distant, decurrent gills. Solitary or often
caespitose.

Far. minor, Cke., Hdbk., p. 50 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 173.
Smaller and more elegant than the typical form, pure
white, pileus opaque ; smell like meal.
Among dead leaves. Gregarious,

Clitocybe gallinacea. Scop.

White ; acrid. Pileus 1-1 1 in. across, rather fleshy at the
disc, margin thin ; convex then depressed, but not infundi-
buliform, even, dry, opaque ; gills slightly decurrent, narrow,
crowded, thin; stem about H in. long, 2 lines thick, equal,
even, solid.

Agaricus gallinaceus, Scopoli, Cam., p. 433 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p, 50 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 174.

Among grass, moss, &c.

Strong odour. (Cke. )

Resembling Cl. dealbata in form, but smaller, opaque,
dingy white, taste somewhat acrid. Stem solid, but not
cartilaginous, about 2 in. long, equal, ascending or flexuous,
excentric, at first floccosely mealy, always opaque, white.
Pileus slightly fleshy, convex then plane, not depressed,
obtuse, ^-1 in. broad, unequal, dry, pruinosely hoary ; flesh
white, compact, but thin. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin,
crowded, plane. (Fries.)

2 E

418 FUNGUS-JfLOIiA.

II. DIFFOEMES.

Clitocybe decastes. Fr.

Densely caespitose. Pileus 5-12 in. across, soon almost
plane, disc gibbous or obtuse; margin at first shortly in-
curved, then expanded, very much waved and often lobed,
even, glabrous, dingy-brown or livid when moist, pale clay-
colour when dry ; flesh exceedingly thin except at the disc,
whitish; stem 4-7 in. long, J-H in. thick, usually slightly
thinner upwards, rather soft, entirely fibrous, solid, white,
usually curved and ascending, coalescent into a solid mass
at the base; gills adnato-decurrent, or often more or less
adnexed, up to £ in. broad, rather narrowed towards the
the margin, often wavy; spores globose, smooth, 4 /x.
diameter.

Agaricus (Clytocybe) decastes, Fries, Epicr., p. 65; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 51 ; Fries, Icon., t. 52.

On the ground.

In open grassy places on the ground, forming dense tufts
containing in some instances as many as 40 individuals.
The stalks are entirely fibrous and easily split into longi-
tudinal shreds. The pileus reaches up to 1 foot in diameter,
flesh very thin, margin much waved and often distorted
from mutual pressure, glabrous, smoky-brown, or livid,
shining as if oiled. The stems are usually more or less
grown together at the base. The tufts are usually much
smaller when growing in woods.

Clitocybe subdecastes. Cke. & Mass.

Clustered. Pileus l|-2^ in. high and broad, flesh rather
thin; campanulate or convex, very obtuse, even smooth,
pale ochraceous at the disc, becoming paler and whitish
towards the more or less lobed margin ; gills slightly rounded
behind, adnate, 2-3 lines broad, narrower in front, rather
crowded, white; stem 4-5 in long, ^— f- in. thick, equal,
fibrillose, whitish, base smooth; spores globose, 4-5 p
diameter.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) subdecastes, Cke. and Mass., Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 36d ; Cke, Illustr., pi. 958.

On the ground.

CLITOCYBE. 419

Several stems are frequently grown together at the base.
Pileus not becoming much expanded, and often irregular
from mutual pressure. A very fine and distinct species.
One of the many interesting fungi found by the late Dr.
Carlyle, of Carlisle.

Clitocybe ampla. Pers.

Pileus 3-6 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming thin
towards the margin, when young almost cartilaginous and
tough, convex then plane, somewhat gibbous, unequal,
•vvavy ; lax when old, even, glabrous, rarely virgate, sooty
when moist and young, then livid, hoary or slightly silky
when dry; stem solid, stout, up to 6 in. long, 1 in. thick,
nearly equal, but often twisted, naked, white, apex downy,
fleshy-fibrous internally, but the surface polished and some-
what cartilaginous; gills often rounded on one side and
decurrent on the other, up to 1 in. broad, rather distant,
often crisped when young, more or less serrulate, at first
smoky horn-colour then whitish.

Agaricus (Clitocybe} amplus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 95 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 365.

In woods among moss, &c.

Gregarious, sometimes in small clusters. Usually very
large (pileus 1 foot broad, stem 6 in. long, 1 in. thick, gills
up to 1 in. broad), but also smaller. Pileus somewhat
gibbous, never depressed, sooty then livid, sometimes very
smooth, at others virgate, hoaiy and somewhat silky when
dry. Gills often sinuate on one side, rather crisped and
serrulate. Stem slightly thickened at the apex, slightly
downy. Smell none. (Fries.)

Clitocybe aggregata. Schaeff.

Pileus 2—4 in. across, flesh thin, flaccid ; convex then ex-
panded, often gibbous, wavy and often very irregular, silkily
virgate or minutely wrinkled, greyish livid or pale yellow-
rufescent, becoming pale; gills unequally decurrent, crowded,
broad, pinkish-yellow or pallid ; stems often growing to-
gether at the base, variable in size, unequal, somewhat
fibrillose, thinner at the base, pinkish-yellow or whitish.

Agaricus aggregate, Schaeffer,t. 305 and 306; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 51 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 182.

In oak woods ; on sawdust, &c.

2 E °

420 FUNGUS-FLORA.

Caespitose, very irregular, often eccentric, lobed ; habit
almost that of Pleurotus ostreatus. Stem elongated or short,
reddish- white. Pileus greyish-livid then rufescent, often
marked with darker spots. Eeadily distinguished from C.
decastes by the flaccid, often excentric pileus, and the
yellowish flesh-coloured, somewhat fibrillose stem and gills.
(Fries.)

Clitocybe elixus. Sow.

Pileus 2-4 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming thin
towards the margin, at first umbonate, then flattened and
depressed, margin more or less wavy, minutely downy and
streaked, disc smoky-bun0, margin paler, marked with dingy
spots ; gills decurrent, distant, whitish ; stem 1-1^ in. high,
|- in. thick, sometimes more, about equal, coloured like the
pileus, solid ; spores elliptical, white, 7 x 4 //,.

Agaricus elixus, Sowerby, Fung., t. 172 : Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 51 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 280.

In woods.

Solitary. Pileus becoming pale and slightly silky ; gills
unequally decurrent, connected by veins. (Fries.)

Pileus 2 in. broad, at first very strongly umbonate, ob-
conical, at length flat or even depressed, with the border
flexuous, not the least involute in any stage of growth ; disc
fuliginous, very minutely virgate; border whitish, with
dingy sodden spots. Stem 1 in. high, f in. thick, or
2 in. high and -f in. thick; sometimes short and stout,
sometimes much elongated, dingy like the pileus, clothed
with matted down which reaches up to the base of the gills,
often smooth at the base, which is buried amongst leaves and
attached to them by the downy mycelium; solid, mottled
within, slightly discoloured beneath the cuticle ; gills very
distant, decurrent, white, interstices more or less veined.
Spores elliptic ; spicules long. Much eaten by slugs. This
is certainly quite a distinct species from Ag, camanophyllus,
to which Fries refers it. The gills are by no means thick ;
they are narrow and white, not glaucous. The whole plant
in moist weather is like a sponge sodden with water. It
does not appear to me to have any affinity with Hygrophorus.
"When young the pileus has quite the form of Gomphidius
glutinosus. (Berk.)

CLITOCYBE. 421

Clitocybe fumosa. Pers.

Pileus 1-3 in. across, fleshy, margin thin ; convex, often
gibbous when young, regular or wavy, even, pellicle not
separable, glabrous, sooty-brown, soon livid or grey when
dry ; gills adnate in regular forms but often decurrent when
the pileus is irregular, crowded, distinct, greyish-white from
the first ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-6 lines thick, almost equal,
often twisted or curved, glabrous, dingy white, apex mealy,
solid, fibrous; spores subglobose, 5-6 /x diam.

Agaricus fumosus, Persoon, Syn., p. 348 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
51 ; Cke., Illustr., pis. 175 and 645.

In woods.

Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, tough, rather cartila-
ginous. Known from Cl. elixa by the truly obtuse pileus,
which is never virgate, often regular. Smell none. (Fries.)

Clitocybe tumulosa. Kalchbr.

Caespitose. Pileus 1-2 in. across, disc fleshy, margin
thin; conico-convex then expanded, obtusely umbonate or
obtuse, even, glabrous, brownish-umber, becoming pale ;
margin drooping ; gills more or less decurrent or slightly
emarginate, crowded, narrow, white, then greyish ; stem
3—5 in. long, unequal, usually thicker below, minutely
downy, pallid, solid.

Agaricus (Clytocybe) tumulosus, Kalchbrenner, Hym. Hung.
Icon., pi. 5 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 52 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 105.

On the ground in woods.

Readily distinguished by the densely clustered habit, and
the timber pileus. The gills are very variable, sometimes
distinctly decurrent, at others rounded behind, and almost
resembling a Tricholoma.

Clitocybe pergamena. Cooke.
ensely tufted. Pi]

Densely tufted. Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thick at the
disc, thin elsewhere ; pallid like vellum, rather cartilaginous,
convex then plane, obtusely umbonate, smooth, even ; gills
broadly adnate with a decurrent tooth, 2 lines broad, rather
crowded, white ; stem 4-5 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal,
ascending with a cartilaginous coating which often cracks
up in flaps, whitish, squamulose at the apex, solid.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) pergamenus, Cke., Hdbk., p. 52 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 643.

422 FUNGUS-FLORA.

On stumps.

Readily distinguished by the densely tufted habit, and
growing on wood. The distinctly cartilaginous stem suggests
the genus Omphalia, but the gills are not truly decurrent.

Clitocybe cryptarum. Letell.

Densely caespitose. Pi lens somewhat conical, depressedly
floccose, spotted with brown ; gills rather decurrent, narrow,
arcuate, white ; stem white, rather striate, virgate, attenuated
upwards, more or less compressed, narrowly fistulose.

Agaricus cryptarum, Letellier, Champ., p. 92, f. 88 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 52.

On sawdust.

Habit that of C. tumulosa. Pileus varying much in size,
according to the dimensions of the clusters. Inodorous,
insipid ; stem mottled within. (Berk. & Broome.)

A doubtful species, respecting which little is known ;
Berkeley and Broome consider that they met with the species
intended by Letellier. Fries, on the other hand, considers
that it may be a form of Collybia fusipes.

Clitocybe opaca. Fr.

White. Pileus l|-2i in. across, flesh thickish at the disc,
"very thin elsewhere, convex, then expanded, umbonate, often
depressed round the nmbo, wavy, even, opaque, minutely
flocculose ; gills adnate with a suggestion of being decurrent,
closely crowded, about \\ line broad, white; stem l|-2£ in.
long, 2-3 lines thick, unequal, somewhat fibrillose, wavy,
stuffed.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) opacus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 93 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 52; Cke., Illustr., pi. 176.

In woods.

Solitary ior caespitose and grown together at the base.
Closely allied to C. cerrusata, with which it was once joined,
and differing mainly in the umbonate pilous.

Clitocybe occulta. Cooke.

Pileus l|-2i in. across, flesh rather thick at the disc, thin
elsewhere, white ; convex then plane and depressed, even,
smooth, but innately streaked or virgate, viscid, pallid,
smoky about the disc, whitish at the margin ; gills adnate
and very slightly decurrent, scarcely emarginate, white,

CLITOCYBE. 423

about 1| line broad; stem l£-2 in. long, 3-4 lines thick,
equal or slightly expanded into the pileus, white, fibrilloeely
striate, often curved, solid.

Agaricm (Clitocybe') occultus, Cke., Grev., xix. p. 40; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 382; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1184.

Gregarious on charred ground.

Substance white, tough, cartilaginous. Known by the
viscid pileus and scarcely or not at all decurrent gills.

Clitocybe monstrosa. Sow.

Pileus 1 |-2A in across, flesh rather thick, at first convex
and umbonate, at length waved and lobed, white, opaque as
if whitewashed ; margin incurved ; gills scarcely rounded
behind, but not truly decurrent, rather distant, white or
cream-colour; stem up to 1 in. long, ^—1 in. thick, com-
pressed, solid, streaked, opaque white, slightly rooting,
downy-squamulose above.

Agaricm monstrosus, Sowerby, t. 283 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 53 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 648.

On the ground.

Often densely caespitose, and then not compressed. (Cooke.)

III. INFUNDIBULIFORMES.

* Pileus coloured, or becoming pallid, silky.

Clitocybe gigantea. Sow.

Pileus 6-10 in. across, flesh rather thin in proportion to
the size of the fungus, white, or tinged with tan, glabrous,
when moist, slightly flocculose when dry ; margin involute
then spreading, glabrous, rather coarsely grooved; gills
slightly decurrent, broad, very much crowded, branched and
connected by veins, whitish then pale tan-colour, not sepa-
rating spontaneously from the hymenophore ; stem 1-2 in.
long and nearly the same in thickness, equal, pallid, solid;
spores white, 5 x 3 y*.

Agaricus giganteus, Sow., t. 224.

Agaricm (Clitocybe) giganteus, Fries, Monogr., i ., p. 118 ;
Cko., Hdbk., p. 53 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 106.

Paxillus giganteus, Fries, Hyra. Eur., p. 401.

In woods, &c.

424 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Hymenophore not horny.

A very distinct species, very showy, large, subcaespitose,
entirely whitish tan-colour ; without close affinities. Stem
solid, compact and firm inside and outside, 2| in. long, 1-2 in.
thick, equal, even, glabrous. Pileus depressed from the first,
then broadly, i.e., plano-infundibuliform, thin but equally
fleshy, soft, not flaccid, but easily splitting from the margin
towards the centre (almost papery and involute when old),
upwards of a foot broad, often excentric and generally
sinuately lobed, moist and adpressedly downy when growing,
slightly flocculose and cracked into squamules when dry ;
margin at first very thin, involute, pubescent, soon
spreading, glabrous, at length revolute, coarsely sulcate, or
radiately rugose ; gills slightly decurrent, closely crowded,
almost 3 lines broad (2—3 times as broad as thickness of
flesh of pileus), connected by veins, thin, fragile, straight,
but sometimes varying to crisped and anastomosing, whitish
then yellowish or tinged with rufous, smell weak. (Fries.)

Clitocybe maxima. Gartn. & Mey.

Pileus 6-9 in. and even a foot across, disc fleshy, remainder
thin, rather flaccid, broadly infundibuliform, somewhat
umbonate, dry, pale tan or whitish, surface becoming slightly
silky or downy, margin even ; gills deeply decurrent, rather
crowded, soft, whitish ; stem 3—4 in. long, 1 in. thick,
attenuated upwards, fibrillose, whitish, solid ; spores 6 x 4 /z.

Agaricvs maximm, Gartn. and Meyer, Fl. Wett., p. 329 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 53; Cke., Illustr., pi. 135.

Woods and pastures.

From the large size and colour, often confounded with
CL giganteus, with which the present is not truly allied.
Much larger than CL infundibuliformis. Stem solid, compact,
but spongy within, elastic up to 4 in. long and 1 in. thick,
attenuated upwards, fibrillosely striate, whitish. Pileus
fleshy, disc compact, remainder thin, rather flaccid, not
splitting as in CL giganteus, broadly infundibuliform, umbo
central, gibbous, up to 1 foot across, always very dry, hence
ihe surface is silky and almost even or squamulose, pale tan-
Colour or whitish ; margin involute, pubescent, always even.
Flesh white, at length soft. Gills deeply decurrent, acu-
minate at both ends, somewhat crowded, soft, simple, whitish,

CLITOCYBE. 425

not changeable. Smell weak, pleasant, almost as in Cl.
giganteus. (Fries.)

Clitocybe infundibuliformis. Schaeff.

Pileus up to 3 in. across, disc fleshy, remainder thin ;
when young quite firm, convex then depressed, umbo gibbous,
margin involute, softer and flaccid when adult and entirely
infundibuliform, with a silky sheen, yellowish flesh-colour
then bun0, becoming pallid ; flesh soft, white ; gills truly
decurrent, rather crowded, much narrowed and acute at both
ends, soft, white ; stem 2-3 in. long, 3-5 lines thick, stuffed,
externally firm, elastic, couically attenuate, rarely equal,
pallid, basa with white down ; spores 5-6 X 3-4 p..

Agaricus (Clitocybe) infundibuliformis, Cke. Illustr., pi. 107 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 54.

Agaricus infundibuliformis, Schaeffer, t. 212.

Among moss in fields and woods.

Smell pleasant ; disc fleshy, margin thin, not moist, but
rather silky under a lens, colour variable, as in most species
in the present section, more or less rufescescent or flesh-
colour, passing through buff to whitish, &c., but not white at
first. *

Far. membranaceous, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 24; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 54 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 646.

Differs from the typical form in every part being more
slender ; stem equal ; pileus not umbonate and brighter in
colour.

In pine woods.

Clitocybe trullaeformis. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh equal, snow-white, infun-
dibuliform, margin flat and speading, always obtuse, floc-
cosely downy, dry, greyish-brown, not changing colour ; gills
truly decurrent, distant, connected by veins, 2-3 lines broad,
shining white; stem about 2 in. long, stuffed, firm, elastic,
attenuated upwards, fibrillosely striate, grey, downy below.

Agaricus (Clytocybe) trullaeformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 68 ; Cke.r
Hdbk., p. 54.

Among grass, bushes, &c.

Smell scarcely evident, resembling C. cyathiformis in general
form, and in the colour of the stem and pileus, but differs in

42G FUNGUS-FLORA.

not being hygrophanous, flesh snow white, and gills shining
white.

The rather distant gills, which are connected by veins,
and infundibuliform pilous, distinguish this species, which i.s
not hygrophanous. (B. and Br.)

Clitocybe incilis. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thin, plane and umbilicate,
then infundibuliform, even, silky-flocculose, appearing almost
glabrous when young, obtuse, almost brick-red colour, the
incurved margin crenate ; gills more or less decurrent, ar-
cuate 2-3 lines broad, distant, connected by veins, white then
pallid, but not yellow; stem generally about i in. long, 2-3
lines thick, or more when compressed, usually thinner down-
wards, brick-red, at first with a very delicate mealy down,
fibrous, tough, unequal, hollow ; spores elliptical, 7 X 4 p.

Agaricus {Clitocybe) incilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 09 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 54; Cke., Illustr., p. 281 A.

On the ground in woods, &c.

A variable species, sometimes with a mealy smell, some-
times without smell.

Clitocybe sinopica. Fr.

Smell strong, resembling new meal. Pileus about 1 in.
across, flesh thin, soon plane and slightly depressed, umbili-
cate, dry, at first glabrous then flocculose, dry, brick-red then
becoming pale ; gills slightly decurrent, very much crowded,
rather broad, white then yellowish ; stem J— 2 in. long, I.1,
line thick, equal, rather fibrillose, coloured like the pileus,
stuffed.

Agaricus {Clitocybe^) sinopicus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 83 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 366 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 647.

In woods, chiefly on scorched places.

Small, appearing in spring or summer. Easily distin-
guished by the strong smell of new mral. Varies slightly or
deeply umbilicate. Pileus at first red, appearing even and
glabrous, then evidently flocculose and becoming pale.

Allied to C. incilis, which differs in the hollow stem, mar-
gin of pileus incurved and slightly crenate, and the slightly
tlecurrenl, distant gills connected by veins. (Fries.)

CLITOCYBE. 427

Clitocybe parilis. Fr.

Pileus about £ in. across, plane, depressed at the disc, ato-
mate, disc flocculose, not striate, greyish-white, not hygro-
phanous ; gills deeply decurrent, very much crowded, narrow,
greyish-white ; stem about 1 in. long and 1 line thick, equal,
even, glabrous, naked, greyish-brown, tough.

Agaricits (Clitocybe) jtarilis, Fries, Epicr., p. 69 ; Cke., II-
lustr., pi. 281 B.

On the ground in woods.

Slightly hygrophanous, but not becoming white. (Cooke.)

E* Pileus coloured or pallid, glabrous.

Clitocybe geotropa. Bull.

Pileus 2-5 in. across, flesh thick, white ; convex, then plane
and finally more or less depi-essed, obtusely umbonate, the
prominence 'remaining after the pileus becomes depressed,
very smooth, even, margin thin, incurved, downy, pale
pinkish-tan or buff; gills decurrent, crowded, narrow, simple,
white, then coloured like the pileus ; stem 3-5 in. long, 1 in.
<>r more thick at the base, slightly attenuated upwards, com-
pact, fibrillose, coloured like the pilens or paler, solid ; spores
elliptical, 6-7 x 4^5 /*.

Agaricus geotrof>us, Bull., t. 573, f. 2; Cke., Hdbk., p. 53;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 83.

In woods and on their borders. Often in rings or troops.

Differs from C. maximia in being firmer, glabrous, and
colour much more variable ; from C. gilva in the thinner
pilens, leiss crowded gills, and white flesh.

Pileus H-3 in. across, truly fleshy, convex then piano-de-
pressed, usually gibbous, even, very smooth, moist in rainy
weather, flesh-coloured tan, with drop-like spots when young,
these however usually disappear with age, margin thin, pu-
bescent, in flexed ; flesh white ; gills deeply decurrent, simple,
2-3 lines broad, somewhat crowded, white becoming pallid ;
stem solid, fleshy, not elastic, 2-3 in. long, slightly attenu-
ated upwards, slightly fibrillose, white, then tinged yellow.
(Fries.)

Clitocybe spinulosa. Stev. & Sm.
Pileus li-3 in. broad, creamy flesh-colour, fleshy, convex,

428 FUNGUS-FLORA.

then plane or depressed, gibbous or umbonate, leathery,
smooth, edge even and incurved, flesh white ; gills deeply
decurrent, single, rather crowded, white, then light yellow ;
stem 2-3 in. long, solid or stuffed, attenuated from the thick-
ened base, fibrillose, whitish, zoned with crowded spots of
the same colour as the pileus ; spores spinulose, 9 /A diameter.

Agaricus (^Clitocybe] spinulosus (Stev. & Smith), Stev.,
Brit. Fung., v. i. p. 84.

A. subinvolutus, Saund. & Sm., t. 3(3.

Among grass by wayside.

Odour sweet and pleasant. Growing in large patches,
singly or two or three together.

The spinulose spores mark this as a distinct species. It
differs in habit from A. geotropus, which has smooth spores.
(Stev.)

Clitocybe subinvoluta. Batsch.

Pileus 2—3 in. across, flesh at the disc, margin thin ; pileus
convex then depressed, obtuse, smooth, even, pale tan-colour
or with a brick-red tinge ; margin involute ; gills 1 J-2 lines
broad, decurrent, pale tan; stem about 2 in. long," |-1 in.
thick, nearly equal, longitudinally grooved, slightly "downy
at the apex, tinged reddish, solid; flesh like that of the
pileus, white.

Agaricus subinvolutus, Batsch, Conspt., t. 204; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 55 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 108 (not of W. G. Smith, nor of
Fries).

In fir woods, &c.

The above description belongs to the species of Batsch, not
of W. G. Smith, in Saunders and Smith, pi. 36. The last-
named differs from Batsch's fungus in the spinulose spores
and concentric, coloured zones on the stem. C. gilva differs
in the ochraceous flesh and closely crowded gills. G. geotropa
is distinguished by the umbonate pileus.

Clitocybe gilva. Pers.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thin, pale ochraceous,
as is also that of the stem ; convex, soon depressed and
often wavy, but not truly infundibuliform, obtuse, smooth,
moist, pale dingy ochraceous ; gills decurrent, up to 2 lines
broad, closely crowded, thin, often branched, pallid then
ochraceous; stem up to 1 in. long, J in. thick, glabrous,

CL1TOCYBE. 429

coloured like the pileus, solid; spores subglobose or very
broadly elliptical, 4-5 /x.

Agaricus gilvus, Persoon, Syn., p. 448 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 55 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 186.

In pine woods. &c.

Distinguished by the ochraceous colour of every part,
also the flesh. A stouter plant than C. splendens ; C. in-
versus differs in the rufescent gills, and C. flaccidm in the
thin, flaccid, infundibuliform pileus, and the subflexuous,
longer stem.

Clitocybe splendens. Pers.

Solitary. Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thick, white ;
plane then depressed or infundibuliform, glabrous, shining,
yellowish; gills deeply decurrent, narrow, crowded, simple,
white ; stem about 1 in. long, 3 lines thick, glabrous,
coloured like the pileus, solid, slightly thickened at the
base or equal.

Agaricus splendens, Persoon, Syn., p. 452 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
56 ; Cke., Slustr., pi. 109 (small form).

In woods, among pine leaves, &c.

Stem solid, l|-2 in. long, 4-5 lines thick, sometimes equal
and straight, at others thinner at the base and ascending,
even, glabrous, coloured like the pileus. Pileus slightly
fleshy, thin especially towards the shortly reflexed margin,
piano-depressed, and at length infundibuliform, 3 in. across,
even, glabrous, shining, gilvous then yellowish. In some
specimens the pileus is excentric, and the greater part of the
margin wavy. Gills deeply decurrent, thin, crowded (but
less so than in C. gilva), simple, white, but with a yellow
tinge when old.

Intermediate between C. gilva and C.flaccida. The typical
form of C. gilvus differs in the compact pileus, often with
drop-like markings, the very much crowded, somewhat
branched, pale ochraceous gills and flesh. (Fries.)

Clitocybe inversus. Scop.

Pileus 2—3 in. across, flesh thin ; fragile ; convex, soon
iufundibulifcrm, margin involute, glabrous, even, rufescent
or dull brownish-orange, gills decurrent, simple, pallid then
rufescent; stem about 1£ in. long, 2 lines thick, glabrous,

430 FUNGUS-FLORA.

rather rigid, paler than the pileus ; stuffed, soon hollow ;
spores subglobose, 4 p. diam.

Agaricus inversus, Scopoli, Cam., p. 445 ; Cke., Hdbk., p.
56; Cke., Illustr., pi. 84.

Among leaves, &c.

Gregarious, subcaespitose, forming very large tufts, espe-
cially late in the autumn, deformed. Smell peculiar,
slightly acid. Stem sometimes stuffed, usually hollow,
hence compressed, rather rigid and corticated outside, not
elastic, without a bulb, glabrous, whitish; the somewhat
rooting base with white down, and often growing together
in tufts, variously deformed, curved, ascending, &c. Pileus
fleshy, rather fragile, convexo-plane, obtuse then infundi-
buliform and undulate, 2-3 in. broad, even, very glabrous,
moist when growing, but not exuding drops, brick-red, or
liver-coloured rufous, margin bent down, sometimes excen-
tric. Flesh not thick but compact, coloured like the pileus.
Gills truly decurrent, scarcely 2 lines broad, crowded,
simple, whitish, the margin at length becoming coloured
like the pileus. (Fries.)

Clitocybe flaccidus. Sow.

Pileus 2-3 in, across, flaccid, orbicular, umbilicate, umbo
persistently absent, margin spreading, arched, glabrous,
even, rarely cracking into minute squamules, tawny ferru-
ginous, shining, not becoming pale ; flesh thin, pallid, rather
fragile when fresh, but quite flaccid when dry ; gills deeply
decurrent, arcuate, crowded, narrow, about 1 line broad, white
then tinged yellowish ; stem imperfectly hollow, elastic,
tough, 1-2 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, somewhat equal, polished,
naked, reddish rust-colour, base thickened, downy; spores
subglobose, 4-5 X 3-4 /A.

Agaricus flaccidus, Sowerby, t. 185; Cke., Hdbk., p. 56;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 123.

Among leaves, &c.

Gregarious, stems often connate at the base. Sometimes
solitary and regular.

Far. lobatus, Sow., t. 185; Cke., Hdbk., p. 56; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 137.

Caespitose, darker in colour ; pileus lobed or contorted at
the margin.

CLITOCYBE. 431

Clitocybe vennicularis. Fr.

Pileus slightly fleshy, umbilicate then reflexed, infundi-
Luliform, wavy, even, glabrous, red, then pinkish- tan; gills
decurrent, closely crowded, thin, white ; stem hollow, soon
compressed, glabrous, shining, white.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) vermicularis, Fries, Epicr., p. 72; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 367.

In pine woods, &c.

Moist, rather fragile, pileus at first a pretty red, then
flesh-coloured tan (almost hygrophanous), very often undu-
lately lobed. (Fries.)

Clitocybe senilis. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thin, infundibuliform,
glabrous, concentrically cracked, dingy greyish tan-colour,
margin straight, spreading ; gills decurrent, about 1 line
broad, crowded, white, then coloured like the pileus; stem
1-1 1 in. long, 2-3 lines thick, equal, glabrous, whitish, solid;
spores elliptical, 5—6 X 4 p.

Agaricus^ClitocybeJsenilis^rieB, Icon., p. 53, pi. 56, f. 1 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 56; Cke., Illustr., pi. 110 (an uncracked form of).

In pine woods, &c.

Gregarious, inodorous. Stem solid, equal, l|-2 in. long,
2-3 lines thick, often ascending, glabrous, whitish, base
naked. Pileus with thin flesh, flaccid, disc depressed when
young, soon infundibuliform, 2 in. and more across, con-
centrically cracked, margin not reflexed. Colour difficult
to describe, dingy clay-colour. Gills deeply decurrent in
straight lines, narrow, very much crowded, white at first
then coloured like the pileus. (Fries.)

The form figured is not identical with that given by Fries
in his " Icones," although it accords fairly with the descrip-
tion, except for the absence of concentric scars, and its
colour. The Eev. M. J. Berkeley considers it a variety,
[Found on a lawn.] (Cooke.)

*** Pileus shining white.

Clitocybe catina. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thick at the disc, becoming
quite thin towards the margin ; plane then infundibuliform,

432 FUNGUS-FLORA.

dry, glabrous, white at first, with a tinge of flesh-colour in
rainy weather, pallid or yellowish when dry and old ; gills
decurrent, crowded, white; stem l|-3 in. long, 3-5 lines
thick, slightly incrassated at the base, white, elastic,
solid.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) catinus, Fries, Epicr., p. 72 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 57 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. Ill,

Among dead leaves.

Stem stuffed, spongy inside, elastic, tough, 3 in. long,
| in. thick, in the Swedish form thickened and downy at
the base. Flesh of pileus thin, plane then infundibuliform,
always obtuse, even, glabrous, 2 in. broad, at first white,
then distinctly pale flesh-colour during rain, pale tan in dry
weather. Flesh flaccid, white. Gills decurrent, descending
in straight lines, broader than in neighbouring species, and
less crowded, persistently white.

Allied to G. infundibuliformis, having the same pleasant
smell, but differs in being white at first, pileus never
gibbous, glabrous; but when young with superficial down,
which soon disappears. Clitocybe phyllopMla differs in the
pileus never being infundibuliform, slender stem, adnate
gills, and absence of smell. (Fries.)

Clitocybe tuba. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh thin, convexo-plane, umbilicate,
even, the extreme margin even, never striate, whitish when
moist, shining white when dry, somewhat hygrophanous,
properly glabrous, but at first with exceedingly thin, silky
patches of the veil, which soon disappear ; gills deeply and
truly decurrent, horizontal, very crowded, about 3 lines
broad, white then pallid ; stem about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines
thick, equal, very tough, at length compressed, apex naked,
white, stuffed then hollow.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) tuba, Fries, Epicr., p. 72; Cke., Illustr.,
pi. 112; Cke., Hdbk., p. 57.

In pine woods, &c.

Gregarious, entirely white, appearing late. Very similar
to C. pithyophila, of which it is perhaps a form with an um-
bilicate pileus, and gills deeply decurrent and attenuated
behind. (Fries.)

CLITOCYBE. 433

Clitocybe ericetorum. Bull. (figs. 14, 15, p. 301.)

White. Pileus about 1 in. across, disc fleshy; at first
almost globose, then depressed and more or less top-shaped,
glabrous, even, shining when dry ; gills slightly decurrent,
distant, rather broad, connected by veins ; stem about 1 in.
long, 2 lines thick, thinner at the base, glabrous, tough,
stuffed.

Agaricus ericetorum, Bulliard, Champ., Fr., t. 551, f. ID;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 57; Cke., Illustr., p. 138.

On heaths, &c.

Eesembling Hygrophorus niveus in general appearance,
the two being scarcely distinguishable from drawings, but
very distinct in structure. The present species is arid, soft,
elastic, smell pleasant. (Fries.)

IV. CYATHIFOEMES.

Clitocybe cyathiformis. Bull.

Pileus l|-3 in. across, flesh thin, piano-depressed when
young, then infundibuliform, even, glabrous, hygrophanous,
rather slimy and usually dark brown when moist, becoming
pale and opaque when dry, undulate in large specimens, the
margin remains involute for a long time; flesh watery,
similar in colour to the pileus, splitting ; gills adnate,
becoming decurrent with the depression of the pileus, joined
behind, distant, greyish -brown, sometimes branched ; stem
spongy and stuffed inside, elastic, at length often hollow,
2-4 in. long, 3-4 lines thick, attenuated upwards, brownish-
fibrillose, fibrils forming an imperfect reticulation, coloured
like the pileus or a little paler, apex naked (not mealy), base
villous.

Agaricus cyathiformis, Bull., t. 575, f. M.; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 57; Cke., Illustr., pi. 113.

On the ground in pastures and woods, rarely on rotten
wood.

Usually blackish-umber, but varies to paler greyish-brown,
pinky-tan, pale cinnamon, or brownish; then dingy ochrace-
ous or tan-colour. Margin expanded when old, and also
indistinctly striate. (Fries.)

VOL. n. 2 F

434 FUXGUS-FLORA.

Var. cinerascens, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 100 ; Cke. Hdbk.,
p. 367 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 1151s.

Agaricus cinerascens, Batsch, f. 101.

Pileus up to 1 in. across, thin, infundibuliform, pale smoky-
brown, gills decurrent, yellowish-white ; stem 1-2 in. long,
1|- line thick, greyish, reticulately fibrillose, hollow.

Among moss.

In Cooke's figures the gills are grey.

Clitocybe expallens. Pers.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, rather fleshy when young, convex
then expanded, obtuse, even, greyish-brown, .at first hoary
with a superficial silkiness, then plane to infundibuliform,
livid, disc rather fleshy, the expanded, membranaceous
margin striate ; gills decurrent, narrow at both ends, thin,
crowded, soft, greyish-white ; stem about 2 in. long and 2
lines thick, equal, glabrous, apex silky, white, cottony inside,
soon hollow, tough.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) expallens, Fries, Monogr., i. p. 32 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 220.

Agaricus expallens, Pers., Sj'n., p. 61.

In pastures, woods, &c.

Smaller, earlier, and paler in colour than C. cyatMformis ;
small forms of the latter are, however, difficult to distinguish
from the present species. Everywhere watery, very hygro-
phanous ; pileus whitish or pale tan when dry. (Fries.)

Clitocybe obbata. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin; umbilicate then
infundibuliform, glabrous, hygrophanous, margin becoming
slightly sttiate, blackish or sooty-brown ; gills decurrent,
about 1 line broad, distant, at first dark grey then powdered
with white; s^ern about 2 in. long, 2 lines thick, equal,
tough, glabrous, often wavy, greyish-brown, hollow.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) obbatus, Fries, Epicr., p. 74; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 58 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 230.

In pine woods.

Fries describes two forms : —

(A.) Stem hollow, 2 in. and more long, equal, 1-2 lines
thick, often ascending or flexuous, glabrous, naked, slightly
striate (striae white, interrupted), greyish-brown. Pileus
f;lmost membra naceous, convex then plane, disc broadly

CLITOCY13E. 435

utnbilicate, 1 in. across, glabrous, striate to the middle,
blackish-brown, pale-grey when dry. Gills slightly decur-
rent, distant, broad, dark-grey with white meal. (B.) Stem
spongy and soft, at first stuffed with downy fibrils, then
hollow, entirely glabrous, even, and naked. Pileus infun-
dibuliform. Gills grey, and every where very watery, tough,
flexible, inodorous. (Fries.)

Clitocybe pruinosa. Lasch.

Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thin, greyish; umbilicate
then infundibuliform, almost even, brown, pruinose at first,
then glabrous; gills slightly decurrent, crowded, narrow,
whitish then dingy ; stem about 1| in. long, l|-2 lines
thick, equal, fibrillose, coloured like the pileus, somewhat
stuffed.

Agaricvx pruinosm, Lasch, in Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 101 ;
Oke., Illustr., pi. 231 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 58.

Pine woods among moss, and on trunks.

Slenden, rigid, inodorous, stem stuffed or imperfectly
hollow, H in. long, l£ line thick, equal, often ascending or
curved, fibrillose when young, colour of the pileus, but often
paler. Flesh of pileus almost membranaceous, umbilicate
and pruinose when young, broadly infundibuliform and
glabrous when adult, brown, grey and squamulose when dry.
Flesh thin, becoming greyish. Gills decurrent, crowded,
narrow, slightly arcuate when young, falcate when adult;
white, then sordid. Eeadily distinguished from neighbour-
ing species by colour and habit. (Fries.)

Clitocybe concava. Scop.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh very thin ; broadly and deeply
ximbilicate, somewhat pierced at the base, limb convexo-
plane, wavy, hygrophanous, dark grey; gills decurrent,
crowded, narrow, smoky -grey ; stem 1-1 1 in. long, 1-2 lines
thick, equal, glabrous, grey, stuffed.

Agaricus concavus, Scopoli, Fl. Cam., p. 449 ; Cke., Hdbk.,
p. 58.

In pastures, &c.

A very distinct species, gregarious, inodorous, entirely
smoky-grey. Stem stuffed, tough, composed entirely of
soft fibres, usually short, 1 in. or a little more, 1-2 lines
thick, equal, naked, glabrous, grey. Pileus very thin,

2 F 2

436 FUNGUS-FLORA.

flaccid, at first plano-convex, but broadly and deeply umbili-
cate, at length entirely concave (not infundibuliform), 1-2
in. broad, sooty when moist, grey or hoary tan when dry,
margin even. Flesh tough, pallid. Gills decurrent, arcuate,
closely crowded, 1—2 lines broad, dark snaoky-grey. At first
sight suggesting the genus Omphalia, and agreeing in habit
with 0. maura, but the stem is entirely fibrous, and the gills
in 0. maura are white. (Fries.)

Distinguished from C. ditopa by the absence of smell.

Clitocybe brumalis. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, expanded, umbilicate
then infundibuliform and usually variously waved and lobed,
glabrous, flaccid, hygrophanous, livid, whitish or yellowish
when dry, disc often darker; gills decurrent, about 1 line
broad, crowded, pallid ; stem up to 2 in. long and about 2
lines thick, nearly equal, slightly curved, glabrous, whitish,
often compressed, imperfectly hollow ; spores 4-5 x 3-4 p..

Agaricus (Clitocybe) Irumalis, Fries, Epicr., p. 76; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 59; Cke., Illustr., pi. 114.

In woods, &c.

Truly autumnal, being most abundant in November.
There are two forms. (A.) on pine leaves in pine woods ; (B.)
among heather. (A.) Stem rather firm, hollow, about 2 in.
long, 2 lines thick, equal or slightly thickened at the apex,
at length compressed, somewhat incurved, glabrous, naked,
becoming livid, white when dry, base white and downy.
Flesh of pileus membranaceous, at first convex, umbilicate,
margin reflexed, about 1 in. across, then infundibuliform,
often irregular and undulate, up to 2 in broad, glabrous, even,
livid when moist, whitish then becoming yellowish when
dry, disc at first usually darker; gills decurrent, at first
arcuate, then descending, 1 line broad, crowded, distinct,
livid then yellowish white, smell weak, not unpleasant. (B.)
Entirely watery white ; stem hollow, somewhat striate, base
glabrous; pileus infundibuliform, margin deflexed, milky-
white when dry. Gills less crowded, but rather broader,
whitish. (Fries.)

CLITOCYiiE. 437

V. ORBIFORMES.
* Gills grey or olive.

Clitocybe orbiformis. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane,
very obtuse, not truly depressed, orbicular, glabrous, smoky-
grey, hygrophanous, margin spreading, even ; gills adnately
decurrent, rather distant, 2-3 lines broad, greyish-white ;
stem about 3 in. long, 4-5 lines thick, equally attenuated
upwards from the thickened, downy base, round, tough,
somewhat striate, grey, naked upwards, fibrous outside,
•elastic, stuffed.

Agaricus (Clytocibe) orbiformis, Fries, Epicr., p. 76.

Grassy places in pine woods, &c.

Smell none. Analogous with, but not allied to C. cyathi-
formis.

Clitocybe metachroa. Fr.

Pileus 1-2 in. across, flesh thin, convex at first, soon plane
or even depre&sed, brownish-grey when young, then livid,
whitish when dry, margin even, slightly striate when old ;
gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, crowded, linear, flat, thin,
greyish-white ; stem stuffed when young, round, soon hollow
and consequently easily compressed, about 1| in. long,
2 lines thick, equal, tough, fibrous outside, grey, apex with
white meal.

Agaricus (Clytocybe) metachrous, Fries, Epicr., p. 77 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 59; Cke., lllustr., pi. 115.

In dry pine woods, &c.

Very variable, but easily recognised by the following
points : — Smell none ; apex of stem mealy ; pileus convex
(subumbonate), then plane and depressed ; gills greyish-
white. (Fries.)

Clitocybe zygophylla. Cke. & Mass.
Pileus 2-4 in. across, fleshy at the disc, very thin else-
where ; convex then expanded, disc often slightly depressed,
tough, flaccid, hygrophanous, with a greyish tint when
moist, pale ochraceous-white when dry, margin thin, in-

438 FUNGUS-FLORA.

volute at first, rugose or plicate, as if pinched up at regular
intervals; gills deeply decurrent, rather distant, 2 lines
broad, distinctly connected by veins, grey; stem about 2 in.
long, i— ^- in. thick, equal, slightly curved, even, smooth,
white, downy at the base, stuffed, expanding into the pileus;
spores elliptical, 8 x 4 /*.

Agaricus (Clytocybe) zygophyllus, Cke. and Mass., Grev., xv.
p. 67 ; Cke., lllustr., pi. 948 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 367.

Among leaves.

Readily known among the grey-gilled species by the
deeply decurrent gills being connected by veins, and the
puckered margin of the pilens.

Clitocybe ditopa. Fr.

Smell strong, resembling meal. Pileus 1-1 1- in. across*
flesh thin ; convex then plane, at length depressed, dingy
brownish-grey, even, glabrous, hygrophanous ; gills slightly
decurrent, crowded, thin, about 1 line broad, dark brownish-
grey; stem about 1 in. long, H line thick, equal, almost
smooth, coloured like the pileus, hollow.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) ditopus, Fries, Syst. Myc., i. p. 171 ^
Cke., Hdbk., p. 59; Cke., lllustr., pi. 116.

In woods, especially pine.

Kesembling C. metachroa in stature, but distinguished by
the strong smell of new meal. Pileus brownish-grey, convex
when small, the larger forms depressed and wavy. (Fries.)

Clitocybe pausiaca. Fr.

Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh thin, convex then plane,,
even, glabrous, umber with an olive tinge, ochraceous when
dry; gills obtusely adnate, ventricose, crowded, olivaceous-
Timber; stem 2-3 in. long, 1^ lino thick, equal, striate,
coloured like the pileus, apex powdered with white meal,,
hollow.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) pausiacus, Fries, Epicr., p. 77 ; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 59 ; Fries, Icon., t. 58, f. 2.

In pine woods.

Smell weak, but distinctly mealy. Stem imperfectly
hollow, 2-3 in. long, 1| line thick, equal, striate and the
surface undulated, apex "with white meal, coloured like the
pileus. Pileus fleshy, thin, at first convex, somewhat um-
bonate, then plane or slightly depressed, 1 in. broad, even.

CLITOCYBE. 439

glabrous, covered at first with a slight siikiness, colour
variable, but always dark, somewhat olive or umber, rather
ochraceous when dry. Gills veiy broad behind, obtusely
adnate, resembling a segment of a circlp, closely crowded,
olive or umber in every stage ; spores white. (Fries.)

** Gills wUtish.

Clitocybe diatreta. Fr.

Pileus 1—2 in. across, flesh thin, tough, convex when
young, regular, obtuse, margin involute, pubescent; flattened
and depressed when adult, often wavy, even, glabrous, dingy
flesh-tint when moist, at length tan-colour and flaccid, margin
spreading, naked, whitish when dry ; <-ills adnate, but nar-
rowed and with a decurrent tooth behind, crowded, 1 line
broad, whitish flesh-tint at first, then pallid whitish ; stem
l?,-2^n. long, 2 lines thick, equal, round, even, glabrous,
pallid, apex naked, base downy, stutfed then hollow, elastic,
rather wavy.

Agaricus (Clitocybe^, diatretus, Fries, Epicr., p. 78 ; Cke.,
Ildbk., p. 60 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 232.

In pine woods.

Smell almost obsolete. Stem not cartilaginous.

Gathered at the same time with C. fragrans, from which it
was at once distinguished by the total absence of the
peculiar odour of that species. (B. and Br.)

Clitocybe fragrans. Sow.

Smell strong, spicy. Pileus about 1 in. across, flesh rather
thick : convex, soon expanded and slightly depressed or
umbilicate, even, glabrous, hygrophanous, uniform watery
white, disc not darker, whitish wlien dry ; gills slightly
decurrent, rather crowded, 1 line broad, distinct, whitish ;
stem about 2 in. long, equal, slightly curved, elastic,
glabrous, whitish, stuffed then hollow.

Agaricus fragrans, Sowerby, pi. 10 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 124 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 60.

In woods among moss, &c.

Distinguished from other species resembling it in colour
and size, by the fragrant smell resembling aniseed,

440 FUNGUS-FLOKA.

Pileus 1-2 in. broad, convex, then plano-convex, minutely
dimpled, dirty-white, very rarely slightly zoned, when dry
nearly white ; margin thin and transparent, turned in when
young and minutely tomentose. Gills very broad, decurrent,
distinct, not pure white. Stem 2-3 in. high, 2-3 lines thick,
attenuated upwards, minutely fibrillose, villous at the base,
sometimes pruinose above. Odour very agreeable, like that
of aniseed. (Berk.)

Clitocybe augustissima. Fr.

Pileus about 2 in. across, even, glabrous, watery-white,
shining white when dry ; plane then depressed, not um-
bilicate, margin spreading, minutely striate when adult ;
flesh very thin but firm ; gills rather decurrent, very much
crowded, thin, narrow, white ; stem about 2 in. long, 1-2
lines thick, often curved and flexuous, white, base downy,
apex naked, stuffed, fibrous within ; spores elliptical,
5 x 3/x.

Agaricus (Clitocybe) augustissimus, Fries, Hym. Eur., p. 105;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 60; Cke., Illustr., pi. 125.

In woods, &c.

Closely resembling C. fragrans, but inodorous, and a clearer
white. .Less watery than its allies. (Fries.)

Clitocybe obsoletus. Batsch.

Smell spicy, but weak. Pileus about 1 in. across, rather
fleshy ; convex then plane or slightly depressed, sometimes
papillate, even, glabrous, hygrophanous, pallid or pale pinky-
tan, whitish when dry ; gills obtuse behind, adnately decur-
rent, sometimes almost rounded behind, broad, crowded,
whitish ; stem about 1 in. long, 1 J line thick, whitish, elastic,
hollow.

Agaricus obsoletus, Batsch, f. 103 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 60 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 233.

Among grass and leaves.

Exactly intermediate between C fragrans and C. metachroa.
Smell pleasant, resembling aniseed, but not strong. Stem
straight, apex pruinose, base often downy. Pileus somewhat
nmbonate when young, yellowish-white when dry; pallid,
livid or pinky-tan when moist. (Fries.)

Just the plant of Batsch, but the odour varying from that

CLITOCYBE. 441

of bitter almonds to that of aniseed. The term obaoletm
used by Batsch does not refer to an odour less than that of
A. fragrans, but to the pallid tint as compared with his
A. obsolescens. (B. and Br.)

VI. VERSIFORMES.

* Pileus dingy, brownish.

Clitocybe ectypa. Fr.

Pileus 2-3 in. across, flesh rather thin, convex then almost
plane, centre often slightly depressed, margin sometimes
arched, striate, dingy or honey-yellow, then rufescent, squa-
mulose or virgate with sooty fibrils ; gills adnate with a de-
current tooth, distant, connected by veins, white, soon pallid,
then spotted with rufous, mealy with the spores ; stem 2-4
in. long, 3-5 lines thick, somewhat bulbous or equal, fibril-
lose, dingy yellowish, soon olive and the base becoming
blackish ; spores elliptical, 9 X 6 /A.

Agancus (Clitocybe) ectypus, Fries, Epicr., p. 80; Cke.,
Hdbk., p. 61 ; Cke., Illustr., pi. 126.

In swampy place*, &c.

Gregarious; sometimes several stems are joined at the
bottom. Resembling Armillaria mellea in colour and general
appearance, but without a trace of a ring. Smell pleasant
at first, resembling aniseed, at length foetid. Pileus brown
when decaying. (Fries.)

[Clitocybe difformis. Pers.

This species must be excluded from the British list. The
figure of Bolton (t. 17), supposed to be this species, is C.pitliy-
ophila.]

'* Pileus bright coloured.

Clitocybe Sadleri. Berk.

Taste very acrid and bitter. Pileus 1-2 in. across ; convex,
soon plane then depressed or umbilicate, margin spreading
and often cracking, yellow, disc tawny, silky then smooth;

442 FUNGUS-FLORA.

flesh thick at the disc, margin thin ; gills decurrent, about
1 line broad, closely crowded, lemon -yellow, margin entire ;
stem 1-1\ in. long, 2 lines thick, yellow, with brownish
fibrils, solid.

Agaricus (Clitocyle) Sadleri, Berk., Ann. Nat. Hist, no. 1734 ;
Cke., Hdbk., p. 62; Cke., Illnstr., pi. 127.

On an oak tub in a conservator}'.

Clustered. The sour smell, strong acrid taste, colour, and
habit suggest the genus Hypholoma, as does also the habitat.
I have found what appears to be exactly the same thing
along with typical Hypholoma fascicularis on a stump, and
cannot but think the present is nothing more than an ab-
normal form of Hypholoma with the gills more or less decur-
rent and permanently sterile, hence not becoming tinged
with the dark spores. Several instances of dark-spored species
with sterile gills that remain pale, are on record.

LACCAKIA, B. & Br.

Pileus convex then umbilicate or depressed, flesh thin ;
gills broadly adnate, sometimes with a decurrent tooth,
becoming mealy with the copious subglobose, minutely
warted white spores ; stem central, externally fibrous ; veil
not evident.

Laccaria, B. & Br., Annals of Nat. Hist. (1883), p.
370.

Glitocybe (as a subgenus of Agaricus), Fries, Syst. Myc., i.
p. 70; Cke., Hdbk., p. 45.

Separated from Clitocybe on account of the broadly adnate
gills becoming powdered with the white, subglobose, mi-
nutely warted or echinulate spores.

This is clearly quite as distinct from the genus Agaricus
as Eussula and Lactarius, and cannot with any justice be
included in the subgenus Clytocybe. We have several very
distinct forms from Ceylon, besides our own A. laccatus, bellus,
and one or two continental species. The amethyst-coloured
form usually referred to A. laccatus is probably distinct.
(B. & Br.)

LACCARIA. 443

Laccaria laccata. Scop.

Pileus 1— 2i in. across, flesh thin, convex thin often moro
or lets wavy and irregular, umbilicate ; hygrophanous, even,
clear violet or rich brown, almost white and minutely
squamulose when dry ; gills adnate, distant, coloured like
the pilous, at length white with powder ; stem 2-3 in. long,
2 lines thick, equal, fibrous, coloured like the pileus, tough,
stuffed ; spores globose, minutely echinulate, 8-9 p diam.

Agaricus laccatus, Scopoli, p. 444; Cke., Hdbk., p. 61 ; Cke.,
Illustr., pi. 139.

Laccaria laccata, Berk., Grev., xii. p. 70.

In woods.

Very variable; bright amethyst or deep reddish brown,
stem and gills similarly coloured. Pileus pallid or dingy
white when dry, and minutely but densely squamulose.

Laccaria bella. Fers.

Pileus 1— 1^ in. across, rather fleshy, convex then de-
pressed or umbilicate, orange-yellow with small, scattered
darker adpressed squamules ; gills adnate with a decurrent
tooth, broad, rather distant, yellow, connected by veins, at
length powdered with white meal ; stem about 2 in. long,
H line thick, equal, tough; rivulose, yellowish, stuffed;
spores subglobose, minutely warted, 7 X 5-6 or 6-7 p diam.

Agaricus bellus, Persoon, Syn., p. 452 ; Cke., Hdbk., p. 61 ;
Cke., Illustr., pi. 183.

Laccaria bella, B., Grev., xii. p. 70.

In pine woods.

Pileus 2^ in. broad, deep orange-brown, becoming:
gradually pale; gills incarnato-ferruginous. Stem 2i in.
high. Fries' plant has dirty-yellow gills, and so far differs
from mine. It is at once distinguished from L. laccata by
its foetid smell. (Berk.)

Stem stuffed, at length hollow, about 2 in. long, 2-3 lines-
thick, equal, tough, but fibrous, externally broken up into-
fibrils, becoming yellowish. Pileus rather fleshy, pliant,
ronvex then expanded, centre depressed, about 2 in.
broad, dark yellow, sometimes with a rufescent tinge, with
scattered darker squamules, at length becoming pale, and
the margin undulate and wavy. Gills adnate, at length

444 FUNGUS-FLORA.

with a decurrent tooth, very broad, distant, connected by
veins, sometimes forked, paler than the pileus and yellowish,
then with a rufescent tinge. Almost intermediate between
C. ectypa and Laccaria laccata ; smell when old resembling
the first, but nearer the second in other points, and
varying equally from both in stature. On rotten wood of
Pinus silvestris : somewhat caespitose. (Fries.)

INDEX TO GENERA.

Acetabularia. Berk. 232.
Bolbitius. Fries, 203.

Cantharellus. Adans. 318.
Claudopus. W. G. Sm. 235.
Clitocybe. Fries, 402.
Clitopilus. Fries, 243.
Cortinarius. Fries, 12.
Crepidotus. Fries, 116.

Eccilia. Fries, 238.
Entoloma. Fries, 267.

Flammula. Fries, 126.
Oalera. Fries, 143.

Hebeloma. Fries, 169.
Hygrophoms. Fries, 331.

Inocybe. Fries, 180.

Laccaria. B. 442.
Lentinus. Fries, 311.

Lenzites. Fries, 304.
Leptonia. Fries, 249.

Naucoria. Fries, 151.
Nolanea. Fries, 256.
Nyctalis. Fries, 329.

Omphalia. Fries, 383.

Panus. Fries, 307.
Paxillus. Fries, 4.
Pholiota. Fries, 209.
Pleurotus. Fries, 363.
Pluteolus, Fries, 208.
Pluteus. Fries, 283.

ScMzophyllum. Fries, 302.

Trogia. Fries, 303.
Tubaria. W. G. Sm. 121.

Volvaria. Fries, 292.
Xerotus. Fries, 306.

IXDEX TO SPECIES.

(Asariens). 14&
206.
X 13&
(Aaricus). 138.

INDEX.

447

armeniacus (Cort. Hygr.), 17.

\RT.falsarius, 18.
armillatus (Cort. Tola.), 44.
aromaticus (Hygropborus), 358.
uromaticus (Agaricus), 358.
arvalig (Naucoria), 162.
nrvalis (Agaricus), 162.
<irciiuicvus (Cort. Myx.), 86.
asprella (Leptonia), 256.
asprellus (Agaricus), 256.
asteroepora (Inocybe), 191.
asterosporus (Agaricus), 194.
asterophora (Nyctalis), 330.
astragalina (Flatumula), 135.
astragalinus (Agaricus), 136. -
strides (Ecciiia), 210.
atrides (Agaricus ), 240.
atrocoeruleus (Pleurotes), 379.'
utrocoeruleus (Agaricus), 379.
utropuncta (Ecciiia), 241.
utropunctus (Agaricus), 241.
atro-rufus (Agaricus), 147.
ntro-tomentosus (Paxillus). 10.
atrovirens (Cort. Phleg.;, 110.
aurantiacus (Cantharellus), 320.
aurea (Puoliota), 210.

Var. Vahlii, 210.
aureus (Agaricus], 210
fiureus (Hygrophoriis"1 oo7.
auriceUa (Pholiota), 2.9.
uurivcllus (Agaricus), 220.
ttutochthona (Agaricus), 125.
autocbthonus (Agaricus). 125.
azureus (Cort. Deriuo.), 63.

Babingtonii (Nolauea), 258.
Babingtonii (Agaricus), 259.
badlpes (Naucoria), 159.
badi ] >es( Agaricus), 159.
lialuuttinus (Cort. Hygr.}, 24.
Ixtlteatus (Cort. Pbleg.),96.
Batschianum (Entoloma), 271.
.Batecbianus (Agaricus), 272.
lella (Laccaria), 443.
bellus (Agaricus), 443.
bdliae (Onipbalia), 401.
belliae (Agaricus), 401.
HerMeyi (Coit. Phleg.), 102.
Itetulina (Lenzites), 304.
Mcolor (Covt. Hygr.), 23.
lijormi* (Coi-t. IV 1 .), 52.

bivelus (Cort. Tela.), 37.
blattaria (Pboliota), 213.
blattaria (Agaricus), 213.
Bloxaini (Eutoloma), 272.
bolaris (Cort Ino.), 83.
Boltoni (Bolbitius), 205.
bombycina (Volvaria), 292.
bombycinus (Agaricus), 292.
Bongardii (Inocybe), 18S.
Bongardii (Agaricus), 188.
lovinus (Cort. Tela.), 48.
Brownii (Cantharellus), 321.
brumalis (Clitocybe), 436.
brumalis (Agaricus), 436.
brunneofulvus (Cort. Tela.), 49.
brunnens (Cort. Tela.), 49.
buccinalis (Omphalia), 395.
buccinalis (Agaricus), 395.
bulbigenum (Entoloma), 271.
I bulbigenum (Agaricus), 271.
bulbosus (Cort. rJ'ela.), 38.
Bullwrdi (Cort. luo.), 82.
bullula (Omphalia), 401.
bullula (Agaricus), 402.
byssisedus (Claudopus), 238.
byssisedus (Agaricus), 238.

caesariata (Inocj'be), 198.
caesariatus (Agaricus), 198.
caerulescens (Cort. Phleg.), 106.
caespitosa (Omphalia), 391.
caespitosus (Agaricus), 391.
calamistrata (Inocybe), 182.
calamistratus (Agaricus), 182.
caliginosa (Nyctalis), 330.
calluteus (Cort. Ino.), 81.
calochrous (Cort. Phleg.), 105.
calolnpis (Crepidotus), 119.
calok-pis (Agiiricus), 119.
calyptraeformis (Hygrophorus), 340.

Var. niveus, 340.
campanella (Agaricus), 397.
campanella (Omphalia), 397.
Var. badipus, 398.

„ papillata, 398.

„ myriadea, 398.
campanulata (Galera), 145.
camphoratus (Cort. Ino.), 78.
camptophyUa (Omphalia), 399.
camptopbyllus (Agaricus), 399.
cumurus (C >rt. Derma). 01

448

INDEX.

cancrinus (Clitopilus), 246.
cancrinus (Agaricus), 247.
candicans (Clitocybe), 416.
candicans (Agaricus), 416.
caninus (Cort. Dermo.), 62.
caperata (Pholiota), 210.
caperatus (Agaricus), 211.
capistraia (Pholiota), 217.
capistratum (Agaricus), 217.
capnocephalum (Hebeloma), 178.
capnocephalus (Agaricus), 17y.
castaneus (Cort. Hygr.), 22.
castaneus (Agaricus), 23.
caprinus (Hygrophorus), 344.
caprinus (Agaricus), 344.
carbonaria (Flammula), 133.
carbonarius (Agaricus), 133.
carbonarius (Merulius), 322.
carbonarius (Cautharellus), 322.
carneo-griseus (Agaricus), 239.
carneo-grisea (Eccillia), 239.
carneo-albus (Clitopilus), 247.
carneo-albus (Agaricus), 247.
carpophilus (Agaricus), 169.
carpophila (Naucoria), 168.
carpta (Inocybe), 189.
carptus (Inocybe), 189.
eatina (Clitocybe), 431.
catinus (Agaricus), 432.
centuncula (Naucoria), 155.
centunculus (Agaricus), 155.
ceraceus (Hygrophorus), 334.
ceraceus (Agaricus), 334.
cerasinus (Hygrophorus), 361.
cerodes (Naucoria), 157.
cerodes (Agaricus), 157.
cerrusata (Clitocybe), 413.

Var. difformis, 414.
cerrussatus (Agaricus), 414.
cervinus (Pluteus), 284.

Var. eximius, 284.
„ patricius, 284.

„ petasatus, 285.
cervinus (Agaricus), 284.
chalybea (Leptonia), 253.
chalybeus (Agaricus), 253.
chimnopJiilus (Crepidotus), 120.
chimnophilus (Agaricus), 121.
chioneus (Pleurotus) 382.
chioneus (Agaricus), 382.

1 chloroptianus (Hygrophorus), 341.

chloropolius (Leptonia), 255.

chloropolius (Agaricus), 255.

chrysodon (Hygrophorus), 353.

chrysophaeus (Pluteus), 291.

chrysophaeus (Agaricus), 291.

chrysophylla (Omphalia), 386.

chrysophyllus (Agaricus), 386.

cibarius (Cantharellus), 319.

Var. rufipes, 320.
: cincinnata (luocybe), 184.

cincinnatus (Agaricus), 184.

circinatus (Pleurotus), 369.

circinatus (Agaricus), 369.
i cinereus (Cantharellus), 32 1.

cinnabarinus (Cort. Dermo.), 66.
i cinnamomeus (Cort. Dernio.), 67.
Var. croceus, 68.

„ semisanguineus, 68.
I claricolor (Cort. Phleg.), 95.

Clarkii (Inocybe), 199.
] Clarkii (Agaricus), 199.
I Clarkii (Hygrophorus), 349.

claviceps (Hebeloma), 173.

claviceps (Agaricus), 173,

clavipes (Clitocybe), 405.

clavipes (Agaricus), 406.

ditopila (Flammula), 130.

Clitopilus (Agaricus), 130.

clivalis (Hygrophorus), 352.

clypeatum (Entoloma), 278.

clypeatus (Agaricus), 279.

cochleatus (Lentinus), 315.

coccineus (Hygrophorus), 335.

coccineus (Agaricus), 335.

coelestina (Nolanea), 265.

coelestiuus (Agaricus), 265.

Colemannianus (Hygrophorus), 332,

cdlinitus (Cort. My.), 86.
Var.) mucosus, 87.

columbinus (Pleurotus), 371.

colus (Cort. Hygr.), 24.

comitalis (Clitocybe), 406.

comitalis (Agaricus), 406.

commune (Schizophyllum), 303.

comosa (Pholiota), 218.

comosus (Agaricus), 218.

concava (Clitocybe), 435.

concavus (Agaricus), 435.

conchatus (Panus), 308.

conferta (Galera), 147.

INDEX.

449

confertus (Agaricus), 147
confragosa (Pholiota), 228.
confragosus (Agaricus), 228.
conicus (Hygrophorus), 339.
connisans (Flammula), 137.
connisans (Agaricus), 137.
conocephalus (Bolbitius), 207.
conspersa (Naucoria), 167.
conspersus (Agaricus), 168.
Cookei (Pholiota), 228.
Cookei (Agaricus), 228.
Cookei (Cort. Tela.). 58.
Cookei (Cort. Hygr.), 59.
Cookei (Entoloma), 277.
corticatus (Pleurotus), 364.
corticatus (Agaricus), 364.
corrosus (Cort. Phleg.), 108.
wrruscans (Cort. Phleg.), 115.
cossus (Hygrophorus), 354.
cossus (Agaricus), 354.
costatus (Agaricus), 281.
costatum (Entoloma), 281.
cotoneus (Cort. Derrao.), 71.
craspedius (Agaricus), 368.
craspedius (Pleurotus), 367.
crassus (Cort. Phleg.), 96.
crassus (Paxillus), 11.
cretatus (Clitopilus), 245.
cretatus (Agaricus), 245.
crispa (Trogia), 303.
cristallmus (Cort. Phleg.), 113.
crobula (Tubaria), 126.
croceo-coeruleus (Cort. Phleg.), 115.
croceo-conus (Cort. Dermo.), 68.
croceo-fulvus (Cort. Tela.), 45.
croceo-fulvus (Agaricus), 45.
cruentata (Agaricus), 227.
cruentata (Pholiota), 226.
crustuliniforme (Hebeloma), 176.

Van minor.

crustuliniformis (Agaricus), 176.
cnjptarum (Clitocybe), 421.
cryptarum (Agaricus), 422.
cucumis (Naucoria), 154.
cucumis (Agaricus), 154.
cumatilis (Cort. Phleg.), 112.
cupularis (Tubaria), 122.
cupularis (Agaricus), 122.
cupulatus (Cantharellus), 325.
Curreyi (Inocybe), 193.
Curreyi (Agaricus), 193.
VOL. U.

curvipoda (Pholiota), 226.
curvipes (Agaricus), 226.
cyanites (Cort. Ino.), 76.

Var. major, 76.
cyanopus (Cort. Phleg.), 98.
cyanophaea (Clitocybe), 408.

Var. pengelleyi, 408.
cyanophaea (Agaricus), 408.
cyathiformis (Clitocybe), 433.

Var. cinerascens, 434.
cyathiformis (Agaricus), 433.
cyphellaeformis (Pleurotus), 381.
cyphellaeformis (Agaricus), 381.

damascenus (Cort. Hygr.), 18.
dealbata (Clitocybe), 416.

Var. minor, 417.
dealbatus (Agaricus), 417.
decastes (Clitocybe), 418.
decastes (Agaricus), 418.
decipiens (Flammula), 129.
decipiens (Agaricus), 129.
decipiens (Cort. Hygr.), 31.
decolor am (Cort. Phleg.), 114.
decoloratus (Cort. Phleg.), 113.
decumbent (Cort. Dermo.), 59.
degener (Xerotus), 307.
deglubens (Inocybe), 189.
deglubens (luocybe), 189.
delibutus (Cort. Myx.), 90.

Var. elegans, 90.
demissa (Omphalia), 393.
demissus (Agaricus), 393.
depluens (Claudopus), 2H7.
depluens (Agaricus), 238.
depluens (Agaricus), 121.
depressus (Cort. Hygr.), 34.
descissa (Inocybe), 196.

Vur. auricomus, 197.
descissus (Agaricus), 197.
destricta (Inocybe), 196.
destrictus (Agaricus), 196.
detomus (Cort. Hygr.), 32.
detrusa (Omphalia), 384.
detrusus (Agaricus), 385.
diabolicus (Cort. Dermo.), 61.
diatreta (Clitocybe), 439.
diatretus (Agaricus), 439.
dibaphus (Cort. Plileg.), 107.

Var. xanthopJiyUus, 107.
difformis (Clitocybe), 441.
2 G

450

INDEX.

dilutus (Cort. Hygr.), 21.
dilutus (Agaricus), 21.
direcla (Omphalia), 400.
directa (Agaricus), 401.
discoideus (Hygrophorus), 358.
dispersus (Agaricus), 167.
dissimulans (Pholiota), 227.
dissimulans (Agaricus), 227.
distans (Hygrophorus), 349.
ditopa (Clitocybe), 438.
ditopus (Agaricus), 438.
dolabratus (Cort. Hygr.), 28.
dryinus (Agaricus), 365.
dryinus (Pleurotus), 365.
dulcamara (Inocybe), 183.
dulcamarus (Agaricus), 183.
Dunalii (Lentinus), 312.
dur acinus (Cort. Hygr.), 19.
dura( Pholiota), 213.
durus (Agaricus), 214.

eburneus (Hygrophorus), 353.
eburneus (Agaricus), 353.
echinata (Inocybe), 190.
echinatus (Agaricus), 190.
ectypa (Clitocybe), 441.
ectypus (Agaricus), 441.
elatior (Cort. Myx.), 87.
elatum (Hebeloma), 176.
elatus (Agaricus), 176.
elixus (Clitocybe), 420.
elixus (Agaricus), 420.
embolus (Tubaria), 125.
embolus (Agtiricus), 125.
emollitus (Cort. Phleg.), 113.
epibryus (Crepidotus), 119.
epibryus (Agaricus), 119.
epigaeus (Agaricus), 121.
epigaeus (Crepidotus), 121.
ephebeus (Agaricus), 286.
ephebeus (Pluteus), 286.
erebia (Plioliota), 211.
erebeus (Agaricus), 212.
ericetorum (Clitocybe), 433.
ericetorum (Agaricus), 433.
erinucea (Naucoria), 167.
erinaceus (Agaricus), 167.
erubescens (Hygrophorus), 355.
erythrinus (Cort. Hygr.), 31.

Var. argyropus, 31.
escharoides (Naucoria), 168.

escharoides (Agaricus), 168.
euchroa (Leptonia), 252.
euchrous (Agaricus), 253.
eutheles (Inocybe), 195.
eutheles (Agaricus), 195.
euosmus (Agaricus), 372.
evernius (Curt. Tela.), 42.
exilis (Agaricus), 265.
exilis (Nolanea), 265.
expallens (Clitocybe), 434.
expallens (Agaricus), 434.
extenuatus (Paxillus), 6.

farinaceus (Panus), 309.

Var. albido-tomentosus, 310.
fasciata (Inocybe), 187.
fasciatus (Agaricus), 188.
fasciatus (Cort. Hygr.), 35.
fastibile (Hebeloma), 171.

Vnr. elegans, 171.
fastibilis (Hebeloma), 171.
fastigiata (Inocybe), 192.
fastigiatus (Agaricus), 192.
fertilis (Entoloma), 275.
fertilis (Agaricus), 275.
J 'estiva (Naucoria), 152.
festiva (Agaricus), 153.
fibrosa (Inocybe), 191.
fibrosus (Agaricus), 191.
fibula (Omphalia), 400.

Var. Swartzii, 400.
fibula (Agaricus), 400.
filia (Flammula), 134.
filius (Agaricus), 134.
filicea (Flammula), 142.
filiceus (Agaricus), 142.
filamentosus (Paxillus), 10.
fimbriatus (Pleurotus), 368.
fimbriatus (Agaricus), 368.
fimbriatus (Lentinus), 317.
firmum (Hebeloma), 172.
firmus (Agaricus), 1 73.
firmus (Cort. Hygr.), 15.
flabellus (Cort. Tela.), 54.
fiabelliformis (Lentinus), 317.
flaccida (Lenzites), 305.
flaccidus (Clitocybe), 430.

Var. lobatus, 430
flaccidus (Agaricus), 430.
flammans (Pholiota), 224.
flamnians (Agaricus), 224.

INDEX.

451

flavida (Flammula), 136.
flavidus (Agaricus), 137.
flavidus (Bolbitius), 204.
flexipes (Cort. Tela.), 53.
floccifera (Flammula), 129.
floccifor (Agaricus), 129.
flocculosa (Inocybe), 188.
flocculosus (Agaricus), 188.
flocculentus (Agaricus), 183.
flosculus (Eccilia), 242.
flosculus (Agaricus), 242.
fluxilis (Pleurotus), 380.
fiuxilis (Agaricus), 380.
foetens (Hygrophorus), 332.
formosa (Leptonia), 255.

Var. suavis, '255.
formosus (Agaricus), 255.
fornicatus (Hygrophorns), 348.
fragilis (Bolbitiu>), 205.
fragrant (Clitooybe), 439.
fragrans (Agaricus), 439.
Frierii (Cantharellus), 320.
fulgens (Cort. Phleg.), 108.
fulmineus (Cort. Phleg.), 109.
fulvo-strigosa (Nolanea), 260.
fulvo-strigosa (Agaricus), 260.
fumosa (Clitocybe), 421.
fumosus (Agaricus), 421.
fumosus (Agaricus), 407.

Var. polius, 407.
furfuracea (Tubaria), 122.

Var. trigonophyllus, 123.'

„ hettrottichus, 123.
furfuraceus (Agaricus), 123.
fusco-albus (Hygrophorus), 361.
fusco-albus (Agaricus), 361.
fuscuB (Meruliua), 395.
fwus (Agaricus), 134.

Var. superba, 135.
f usus (Agaricus), 134.

gadinoides (Pleurotus), 376.
gadinoides (Agaricus), 376.
gallinacea (Clitocybe), 417.
gallinaceus (Agaricus), 417.
gangraenosa (Clitocybe), 406.

Var. nigrescens, 406.
ganeraeuosus (Clitocybe), 406.
geniilis (Cort. Tela.), 46.
geophyUa (Inocybe), 199.
geophyllua (Agaricus), 199.

geotropa (Clitocybe), 427.
geotropus (Agaricus), 427.
germamis (Cort. Hygr.), 32.
gigantea (Clitocybe), 423.
giganteus (Agaricus), 423.
giganteus (Paxillus), 423.
gilva (Clitocybe), 428.
gilvus (Agaricus), 428.
glandicolor (Cort. Tek.), 50.

Var. curta, 51.

glandiform! s (Naucoria), 159.
glandiformis (Agaricus), 159.
glaucopus (Cort. Phleg.), 104.
glaucophylla (Omphalia), 391.
glaucophyllus (Agaricus), 391.
glaucus (Cantharellus), 327.
glutinifer (Hygrc.phorus), 356.
glutinosa (Hebeloma), 172.
glutiiiosum (Hebeloma), 171.
gloiocephala (Volvaria). 295.
gloiocephalus (Agaricus), 296.
gracillima (Omphalia), 401.
gracillimus (Agaricus), 401.
grallipes (Cort. Myc.), 88.
graminicola (Naucoria), 169.
gramiuicola (Agaricus), 169.
grandiusculus (Bolbitius), 203.
griseo-pallida (Omphalia), 396.
griseo-pallidus (Agaricus), 397.
grisea (Omphalia), 399.
griseus (Agaricus), 399.
griseo-rubella (Eccilia), 240.
griseo-rubellus (Agaricus), 240.
griseocyaneum (Entoloma), 276.
griseocyaneus (Agaricus), 276.
gummosa (Flammula), 132.
gummosus (Agaricus), 132.
gymnopodia (b'lammula), 128.
gymnopodius (Agaricus), 128.

haemacta (Inocybe), 1 84.
haemactus (Agaricus), 184.
haematochelis (Cort. Tela.), 44.
haematochelis (Agaricus), 44.
haematophyllus (Agaricus), 190.
hamadryas (Naucoria), 153.
hamadryas (Agaricus), 154.
hauntellaris (Crepidotus), 119.
helodes (Entoloma), 270.
helodes (Agaricus), 271.
hdomorpha (Flammula), 141.
2 a 2

452

INDEX.

helomorphus (Agaricus), 142.
helvelloides (Cort. Tela ), 47.
Jielvolus (Cort. Tela.), 43.
hemitriclms (Cort. Tela.), 56.
hepatica (Omphalia), 392.
hepaticus (Agaricus), 392.
herpeticus (Cort. Phleg.), Ill
heterodita (Pholiota), 219.
heteroclitus (Agaricus), 219.
hinnuleus (Cort. Tela.), 46.
hircinus (Cort. Ino.), 78.
hirneola (Clitocybe), 408.

Var. major, 408.
hirneola (Agaricus), 408.
hirsuta (Inocybe), 182.
hirsutus (Agaricus), 182.
hispidulus (Pluteus), 286.
hispidulus (Agaricus), 286.
Idulca (Inocybe). 192.
hiulcus (Agaricus), 1 93.
Hobsoni (Pleurotus), 381.
Hobsoni (Agaricus), 382.
Hookeri (Agaricus), 190.
Jiorizontalis (Naucoria), 155.
horizon talis (Agaricus), 155.
Houghtoni (Hygrophorus), 334.
Houghtoni (Cantharellus), 325.
Jiybrida (Flammula), 139.
hybridus (Agaricus), 139.
hydrophila (Naucoria), 159.
hydrogramma (Ornphalia), 384.
hydrogrammus (Agaricus), 384.
hypnophilus (Pleurotus), 382.
hypnophilus (Agaricus), 382.
hypnorum (Agaricus), 149.
hypnorum (Galera), 149.

Var. sphagnorum, 149.

„ bryorum, 149.
hypothejus (Hygrophorus), 360.
hystrix (Inocybe), 181.
hystrix (Agaricus), 181.

icterina (Nolanea), 263.
icterinus (Agaricus), 263.
illibatus (Cort. Myx.), 91.
illuminus (Cort. Hygr.), 20.
iliopodius (Cort. Tela.), 55.
imbutus (Cort. Hygr.), 22.
impennis (Cort. Tela.), 40.
inaurata (Flammula), 137.
inauratus (Agaricus), 137.

incana (Leptonia), 254.
incanus (Agaricus), 254.
incarnata (Inocybe), 185.
iucarnatus (Agaricus), 186.
incilis (Clitocybe), 426.
iucilis (Agaricus), 426.
incisus (Cert. Tela.), 55.
infractus (Cort. Phleg.), 101. [324.
infundibuliformis (Can 1 1 1 arellus),
infundibuliformis (Clitocybe), 425.

Var. membranaceus, 425.
infundibuliformis (Agaricus), 425.
infucatus (Cort. Dermo.), 70.
infula (Nolanea), 264.

Var. versiformis, 264.
infula (Agaricus), 265.
infumata (Omphalia), 395.
infumatus (Agaricus), 395.
injucundus (Cort. Tela.), 50.
innocua (Naucoria), 156.
innocuus (Agaricus), 157.
inopoda (Flammula), 138.
inopus (Agaricus), 138.
inornata (Clitocybe), 407.
iuornatus (Agaricus), 408.
integrella (Omphalia), 402.
integrellus (Agaricus), 402.
intermedius (Hygrophorus), 339.
inquilina (Tubaria), 126.

Var. ecbolus, 126.
inquilinus (Agaricus), 126.
inversus (Clitocybe), 429.
in versus (Agaricus), 430.
involutus (Paxillus), 9.
involutus (Agaricus), 9.

Var. excentricus, 10.
irrigatus (Hygrophorus), 351.
iris (Cort. Tela.), 58.
isdbelliuus (Cort. Hygr.), 25.

jecorinus (Agaricus), 212.
jubatum (Entoloma), 275.
jubarinus (Cort. Hygr.), 27.
jubatus (Agaricus), 276.
juncea (Nolanea), 259.
juncea (Agaricus), 259.
juncina (FJammula), 132.
juucinus (Agaricus), 132.
Junghulmii (Cort. Hygr.), 33.
Junonia (Pholiota), 225.
Junonius (Agaricus), 225.

INDEX.

453

Krombliohii (Cort. Hygr.), 29.

laccata (Laccaria), 443.
laccatus (Agaricus), 443.
lactus (Hygrophorus), 333.
lacera (Inocybe), 187.
lacerus (Agaricus), 187.
lampropoda (Leptonia), 251.
lampropus (Leptonia), 251.
laniger (Cort. Tela.), 36.
lanuginosa (Inocybe), 183.
lanugiuosus (Agarieus), 183.
lappula (Agaricus), 251.
lappula (Leptonia), 250.
largus (Cort. Plileg.), 99.
lateritia (Galera), 144.
latentius (Agaricus), 144.
Jatissima (Naucoria), 165.
latissima (Agaricus), 165.
lauro-cerasi (Pleurotus), 377.
lauro-cerasi (Agaricus), 377.
lazulina (Leptoiiia), 254.
lazulinus (Leptonia), 254.
Leightoni (Pleurotus), 380.
Leightoni (Agaricus), 380.
lenta (FJammula), 130.
lentus (Agaricus), 130.
leochroma (Pholiota), 216.
leochromus (Agaricus), 216.
leoninus (Pluteus), 290.
Var. coccineus, 290.
leoninus (Agaricus), 290.
leontopodius (Lentinus), 313.
Upideus (Lentinus), 313.
lepidopus (Cort. Dermo.), 65.
lepista (Paxillus), 5.
leporinus (Hygrophorus), 344.
leptopus (Paxillus), 10.
leucophylla (Omphalia), 388.
leucophyllus (Agaricus), 388.
leucophaeus (Cantharellus), 325.
leucopus (Cort. Hygr.), 30.
licinipes (Cort. Tela.), 39.
lignatilis (Pleurotus). 369.
lignatilis (Agaricus), 369.
limacinus (Hygrophorus), 359.
limonius (Cort. Tela.), 45.
limpid us (Pleurotus), 376.
limpidus (Agaricus), 376.
liquescent (Entoloma), 273.
liquescens (Agaricus), 274.

liquiritiae (Flammula), 140.
liquiritiac (Agaricus), 140.
livido-albus (Hygrophorus), 362.
livido-ochraceous (Cort. Myx.), 88.
lividum (Entoloma), 268.

Var. roseus, 268.
lividus (Agaricus), 268.
lividus (Paxillus), 8.
lobatus (Cantharellus), 328.
longicaudum (Hebeloma), 176.

Var. radicatus, 111.
longicaudus (Agaricus), 177.
Loveiana (Volvaria), 293.
Loveiaims (Agaricus), 294.
lubrica (Flammula) 131.
lubricus (Agaricus), 131.
lucifer (Pholiata), 224.
lucifer (Agaricus), 224.
lucifuga (Inocybe), 198.
lucifugus ((Agaricus), 198.
lucorum (Cort. Tela.) 41.
lugubris (Naucoria), 152.
lugubris (Agaricus), 152.
lugens (Hebeloma), 177.
lugens (Agaricus), 177.
lupina (Flammula), 131.
lupinus (Agaricus), 131.
lustratus (Cort. Plileg.), 97.
luteopes (Cortinarius), 107.
luxuriant (Pholiota), 217.
luxurians (Agaricus), 217.

madidum (Entoloma), 273.
madidus (Agaricus), 273.
macropus (Cort. Tela.), 36.
magnimamma (Hebeloma), 179.
magnimamma (Agaricus), 179.
majalis (Agaricus), 275.
majalis (Entoloma), 280.
majalis (Agaricus), 280.
malachius (Cort. Ino.), 77.
malicorius (Cort. Dermo.), 70.
mammosa (Nolanea), 259.
mammosus (Agaricus), 259.
margaritispora (Agaricus), 195.
margaritispora (Inocybe), 195.
maritima (Inocybe), 186.
maritimus (Agaricus), 186.
marginata (Pholiota), 229.
marginatus (Agaricus), 229.
mastrucatus (Pieurotus), 379.

454

INDEX.

mastrucatus (Agaricus), 378.
maura (Omphalia), 385.
maurus (Agaricus), 385.
maxima (Clitocybe), 424.
maximus (Agaricus), 424.
media (Volvaria), 296.
medius (Agaricus), 296.
melinoides (Naucoria), 157.
melinoides (Agaricus), 157.
mesodactylus (Agaricus), 213.
mesophaeus (Agaricus), 174.

Var. minor, 175.
mesophaeum (Hebeloma), 174.
mesotephrus (Hygrophorus), 362.
metachroa (Clitocybe), 437.
metachrous (Agaricus), 437.
metapodius (Hygrophorus), 350.
micaceus (Hygrophorus), 337.
microcydus (Cort. Tela.), 39.
miltinus (Cort. Dermo.), 65.
milvinus (Cort. Hygro.), 34.
mitis (Pleurotis), 375.
mitis (Agaricus), 375.
miniatus (Hygrophorus), 336.
minuta (Galera), 149.
minutis (Agaricus), 150.
mixta (Flammula), 131.
mixtus (Agaricus), 132.
mniophila (Galera), 149. •
mniophilus (Agaricus), 149.
moll-is (Crepidotus), 117.
mollis (Agaricus), 117.
molliscoria (Pholiota), 215.
molliscorium (Agaricus), 215.
monstrosa (Clitocybe), 423.
monstrosus (Agaricus), 423.
mucifluus (Cort. Myx.), 87.
mucronellus (Hygrophorus), 336.
multiformis (Cort. Phleg.), 102.

Var. flavescens, 103.
mundulus (Clitopilus), 245.
mundulus (Agaricus), 245.
muralis (Omphalia), 393.
muralis (Agaricus), 393.
muricinus (Cart. Inc.), 76.
murinacius (Hygrophorus), 343.
muscigenus (Cantharellus), 327.
muscorum (Tubaria), 124.
muscomm (Agaricus), 124.
musivum (Hebeloma), 170.
musivus (Agaricus), 170.

mustelina (Pholiota), 230.
mustelinus (Agaricus), 230.
mutabilis (Pholiota), 228.
mutabilis (Agaricus), 229.
mutica (Inocybe), 189.
muticus (Agaricus), 189.
mutttus (Pleurotus), 371.
mutilus (Agaricus), 371.
mycenoides (Pholiota), 231.
mycenoides, (Agaricus), 231.
mycenopsis (Galera), 150.
mycenopsis (Agaricus), 150.
myosotin (Naucoria), 164.
myosotis (Agaricus), 164.
myrtillinus (Cort. Dermo.), 62.

nanus (Agaricus), 288.
j nanus (Pluteus), 287.
Var. lutescens, 288.

„ major, 288.
napus (Cort. Phleg.), 103.
nasutus (Agaricus), 160.
nauseosum (Hebeloma), 178,
nauseosum (Agaricus), 178.
nebularis (Clitocybe), 405.
uebulaiis (Agaricus), 405.
nefrens (Leptouia), 256.
nefrens (Agaricus), 256.
nemoreus (Hygrophorus), 345-
Nevillae (Omphalia), 389.
Nevillae (Agaricus), 389.
nidorosus (Agaricus), 282.
nidorosum (Entoloma), 282.
nigrella (Eceilia), 240.
nigrella (Agaricus), 240.
nigripes (Nolanea), 262.
Nigripes (Agaricus), 262.
nigrocinnamomeum (Entoloma), 279.
nigrocinnamomeus (Agaricus),

279.

nitens (Flammula), 141.
nitens (Agaricus), 141.
nitidus (Cort. Myx.), 89.
nitratus (Agaricus), 343.
nitratus (Hygrophorus), 343.
Var. glauco-nitens, 314.
nitrosus (Cort. Tela.), 48.
niveus (Bolbitius), 207.
niveus (Hygrophorus), 347.
nucea (Naucoria), 158.
nuceus (Agaricus), 158.

INDEX.

455

nudipes (Hebeloma), 178.
nudipes (Agaricus), 178.
nudus (Agaricus), 408.

obbata (Clitocybe), 434.
obbatus (Agaricus), 434.
ol)ruseu8 (Hygrophorus), 338.
obscura (Inocybe), 190.

Var. rw/u«, 190.
obscurus (Inocybe), 190.
obsoletus (Clitocybe), 440.
obsoletua (Agaricus), 440.
obtusa (Naucoria), 153.
obtusus (Naucoria), 153.
obtusus (Cort. Hygr.), 32.
occulata (Clitocybe), 422.
occulatus (Agaricus), 423.
ochrochlara (Flammula), 141.
ocbrochlorus (Agaricus), 141.
ochroleucus (Cort. Dermo.), 59.
ochroleucus (Agaricus), 59.
odora (Clitocybe), 412.
odorus (Aguricus), 412.
o/uciata (Omphalia), 385.
offuciata (Agaricus), 386.
olivaceo-albus (Hygrophorus), 359.
ombrophila (Pholiota), 212.

Var. brunneola, 212.
ombrophila (Agaricus), 212.
omniscus (Omphalia), 390.
omniseus (Agaricus), 391.
opaca (Clitocybe), 422.
opacus (Agaricus), 422.
opimus (Cort. Inc.), 74.

Var. fulvobrunneus, 75.
opiparia (Clitorsybe), 409.
opiparius (Agaricus), 409.
orhiformis (Clitocybe), 437.
orbiformis (Agaricus), 437.
orbicularis (Agaricus), 163.
orcella (Clitopilus), 244.
orcella (Agaricus), 244.
oraelloidc'S (Paxillus), 7.
orcllanus (Cart. Dermo.), 69.
orichalceus (Cort. Phleg.), 109.
ostreatus (Pleurotus), 371.

Var. glandulosus, 372.

„ euosmus, 372.
ostreatus (Agaricus), 371.
ovalis (Galera), 146.
ovalia (Agaricus), 146.

ovinus (Hygrophorus), 350.
ovinus (Agaricus), 350.

paleaceus (Cort. Tela.), 57.
palmatus (Crepidotus), 1 17.
palmatus (Agaricus), 117.
paludosa (Tubaria), 123.
paludosus (Tubnria), 123.
panaeolus (Paxillus), 6.

Var. spilomaeus, 7.
pannoides (Paxillus), 11.

Var fagi, 12.

pantoleucus (Pleurotus), 370.
pantoleucus (Agaricus), 370.
papulosus (Cort. Phleg.), 116

Var. major, 116.
paradoxus (Paxillus), 8.
paradoxus (Agaricus), 9.
parasitica (Nyctalis), 329.
parilis (Clitocybe), 427.
parilis (Agaricus), 427.
Parltensis (Ecoilia), 239.
Parkensis (Agaricus), 239.
parvulus (Agaricus), 296.
parvula (Volvaria), 296.

Var. biloba, 296.
pascua (Nolanea), 257.
pascuus (Agaricus), 257.
patdlaris (Panus), 310.
pateriformis (Cort. Hygr.), 27.
pausiaca (Clitocybe), 438.
pausiacus (Agaricus), 438.
paxillus (Pholiota), 227.
paxillus (Agaricus), 227.
pellitus (Pluteus), 287.
pettucida (Tubaria), 124.
pellucid us (Agaricus), 124.
penarius (Hygrophorus), 355.
penarius (Agaricus). 355.
pennicillatus (Cort. Inc.), 85.
perbrevis (Inocybe), 196.
pergamena (Clitocybe), 421.
pergamenus (Agaricus), 421.
I periscelis (Cort. Tela).), 53.
perlata (Inocybe), 193.
perlatus (Agaricus). 194.
Persooniana (Agaricus), 271.
petaloides (Pleurotus), 374.
petaloides (Agaricus), 374.
petiginosum (Hebeloma), 179.
petiginosus (Agaricus), 180.

456

INDEX.

pezizoides (Crepidotus), 120.
pezizoides (Agaricus), 120.
phaeocephala (Inocybe), 192.
phaeocephalus (Agaricus), 192.
Phillipsii (Crepidotus), 120,
Phillipsii (Agaricus), 120.
philonitis (Omphalia), 390.
philonitis (Agaricus), 390.
phlebophorus (Agaricus), 277.
phlebophorus (Pluteus), 291.
phlebophorus (Agaricus), 291.
pJiolideus (Cort. ino.), 83.
phrygianus (Cort. Ino.), 81.
phyllophila (Clitocybe), 414.
phyllophilus (Agaricus), 414.
picea (Nolanea), 263.
piceus (Agaricus), 264.
picrea (Flammula), 140.
picreus (Agaricus), 140.
picta (Omphalia), 398.
pictus (Agaricus), 398.
pisciodora (Nolanea), 260.
pisciodorus (Agaricus), 261.
pithyophila (Clitocybe), 415.
pithyophilus (Agaricus), 415.
placenta (Entoloma), 270.
placenta (Agaricus), 270.
placida (Leptonia), 250.
placidus (Agaricus), 250.
plumiger (Cort. Tela.), 41.
plumosa (Inocybe), 183.
plumosus (Agaricus), 184.
pluvius (Cort. Myx.), 92.
polius (Clitocybe), 407.
polius (Agaricus), 407.
pomposus (Agaricus), 134.
popinalis (Clitopilus), 245.
popinalis (Ajraricus), 246.
porphyropus (Cort. Phleg.), 114.
porriginosa (Naucoria), 166.
porriginosa (Agaricus), 166.
porrigens (Pleurotus), 378.
porrigens (Agaricus), 378.
Postii (Agaricus), 386.
Postii (Omphalia), 386.

Var. aurea, 387.
praecox (Pholiota), 214.
praecox (Agaricus), 214.
praestigiosus (Cort. Tela.), 4 1.
paragandis (Cort. Tela.), 45.

Var. praestigiosus, 45.

prasinus (Cort. Phleg.), 110.
pratensis (Hygrophorus), 345.

Var. pallidm 346.
„ cinereus, 316.
privignus (Cort. Hygr.), 19.
pruinosa (Clitocybe), 435.
pruinosus (Agaricus), 435.
prunuloides (Entoloma), 2G9.
prunuloides (Agaricus), 269.
prunulus (Clitopilus), 243.
prunulus (Agaricus), 243.
psammocephahis (Cort. Tola.), 54.
psammocephalus (Agaricus), 55.
pseudoandrosacea (Omphalia), 396.
pseudoandrosaceus (Agaricus), 396.
psittacinus (Hygrophorus), 341.
psittacinus (Agaricus), 341.
pudica (Pholiata), 216.
pudicus (Agaricus), 216.
pudorinus (Hygrophorus), 356.
pulmonarius (Agaricus), 375.
pulmonarius (Pleurotus), 375.

Var.juglandis, 375.
pulverulentus (Hygrophorus) 355.
pulverulentus (Lentinus), 314.
pumila (Pholiota), 231.
pumila (Agaricus), 231.
punctatus (Cort, Tela.), 51.
punctatum (Hebeloma), 173.
punctatus (Agaricus), 173.
puniceus (Hygrophorus), 338.
purpurata (Flammuk), 142.
purpuratus (Agaricus), 143.
purpurascens (Cort. Phleg.). 106.

Var. subpurpurascens, 107.
pusiola (Naucoria), 158.
pusiolus (Agaricus), 158.
pygmaeo-affinis (Galera), 147.
pygmaeo-affinis (Agaricus), 148.
pyriodora (Inocybe\ 1 85.
pyriodorus (Agaricus), 185.
pyxidata (Cmphalia), 387.
pyxidatus (Omphalia), 387.

quadricolor (Cort. Tela.) 43.

radicosus (Cantharellus), 322.
radicosa (Pholiota), 215.
radicosus (Agaricus), 216.
Ealfsii (crepidatus), 120.
Ealfsii (Agaricus), 120.

INDEX.

457

raphanoirles (Cort. Dermo.), 72.
ninili (Galera), 150.
ravidus (Agaricus), 150.
reclina (Inocybp), 181.
reclinus (Agaricus), 182.
redemitus (Cort. Inc.), 80.
Eeedii (Cort. Hygr.), 30.
renidens (Cort. Hygr.), 25.
reniformis (Pleurotis), 376.
reniformis (Agaricus), 376.
Renneyi (Inocybc), 201.

\ar. major, 201.
Renneyi (Agaricus), 201.
repandum (Entoloma), 269.
repandus (Agaricus), 269, 270.
replcxus (Cantharellus), 326.

V:ir. devexus, 327.
resinaceus (Lentinus), 314.
resufum (Entoloma), 276.
resutus (Agaricus), 276.
reticnlatus (Pluteolus), 208.
reticulatus (Agaricus), 208.
retirugus (Cantharellus), 328.
retosta (Omphalia), 395.
reto.stus (Agaricus), 396.
revolutus (Paxillus), 8.
revnlutus (Pleurotus), 373.

Yar. anglictis, 373.
revolutus (Agaricus), 373.
rJioflopolium (Entoloma), 279.
rhodopolius (Agaricus), 280.
rhodocylix (Eccilia), 241.
rhodocylix (Agaricus), 241.
riculalns (Cort. Dermo.), 60.
riederi (Cort. Phleg.), 99.
rigens (Cort. Hygr.), 22.
rigidus (Cort. tela.), 57.
rimosa (Inooybe), 194.
rimosus (Agaricus), 194.
rimulincola (Naucoria), 156.
rimulincola (Agaricus), 156.
rivulosa (Clitocybe), 413.

Var. neptunem, 413.
rivulosus (Agaricus), 413.
rivulosus (Bolbitius), 207.
roseo-albus (Pluteus), 289.
roseo-albus (Agaricus), 290.
ruMlus (Cort. Tela.), 47.
nihida (Nolanea), 200.
rubidus (Agaricus), 266.
rubi (Crepidotus), 121.
VOL. n.

rubi (Agaricus), 121.
rubiginosa (Galera), 148.
rubiginosus (Agaricus), 148.
rufo-carnea Nolanea), 262.
rufo-carneus (Agaricus), 262.
rufulus (Agaricus), 393.
russo-coriaceu* (Hygrophorus), 347.
russus (Cort. Phleg.), 100.
rustica (Omphalia), 391.
rusticus (Agaricus), 392.
Ruthae (Pleurotus), 368.
Ruthae (Agaricus), 368.

sadleri (Clitocybe), 441.
sadleri (Agaricus), 442.
saepiaria (Lenzites), 305.
saginus (Cort. Phleg.), 100.
salicinus (Pluteus), 286.

Var. leryllus, 287.
„ floccosa, 287.
salicinus (Agaricus), 287.
salignus (Pleurotus), 373.
salignus (Agaricus), 373.
salor (Cort. Myx.), 90.
sambucina (Inocybe), 197.
sambucinus (Agaricus), 198.
sanguineus (Cort. Dermo.), 67.
sapidus (Pleurotus), 370.
sapidus (Agaricus), 371.
sapinea (Flammula), 139.

Var. terrestris, 140.
sapineus (Agaricus), 139.
saturninm (Cort. Hygr.) 21.
Saundersii (Entoloma), 274.
Saundersii (Agaricns), 275.
scabella (Inocybe), 200.
scabellus (Agaricus), 200.
scaber (Inocybe), 186.
scaber (Agaricus), 186.
scamba (Flammula), 142.
scambus (Agaricus), 142.
scandens (Cort. Hygr.), 30.
scaurus (Cort. Phleg.), 111.
schista (Inocybe), 191.
schistus (Agaricus), 191.
sciophanus (Hygrophorus), 333.
scolecina (Naucoria), 160.
scolecinus (Agaricus), 160.
scoticus (Lentinus), 316.
scutulatus (Cort. Tela.), 42.
sebaceus (Cort. Phleg.), 97.
2 H

458

INDEX.

semibulbosus (Agaricus), 289.
semibulosus (Pluteus), 288.
semiflexa (Naucoria), 155.
semiflexus (Agaricus), 156.
semiorbicularis (Naucoria), 163.
senescens (Hebeloma), 171.
senescens (Agaricus), 171.
senilis (Clitocybe), 431.
senilis (Agaricus), 431.
septicus (Pleurotus), 378.
serarius (Cort. Phleg.), 112.
sericeus (Agaricus), 271, 282.
sericeum (Entoloma), 281.
sericellum (Entoloma), 277.
sericellus (Agaricus), 277.
nerotinus (Pleurutus), 374.
serotinus (Agaricus), 375.
serrulata (Leptonia), 252.
serrulatus (Agaricus), 252.
sider&ides (Naucoria), 161.
sideroides (Agaricus), 161.
siliginea (Galera), 145.
siliginetis (Agaricus), 145, 146.
sinapizans (Agaricus), 175.
sinapizans (Hebeloma), 175.
sindonia (Inocybe), 199.
sindonius (Agaricus), 199.
nnoptea (Clitocybe), 426.
sinopicus (Agaricus), 426.
sinuatum (Entoloma), 268.
sinuosum (Hebeloma), 170.
sinuosus (Agaricus), 170.
siparia (Naucoria), 167.
siparius (Agaricus). 167.
Smithii (Clitopilus), 248.
sobria (Naucoria), 166.

Var. dupersus, 166.
sobrius (Agaricus), 166.
socialis (Clitocybe), 410.
socialis (Agaricus), 410.
solstitialis (Leptonia), 252.
solstitialis (Agaricus), 252,
spadiceus (Hygrophorus), 342.
spartea (Galera), 147.
sparteus (Agaricus), 147.
speciosa (Volvaria), 295.
speciosus (Agaricus), 295.
spectabilis (Pholiota), 222.
spectabilis (Agaricus), 222.
speculum (Entoloma), 282.
speculum (Agaricus), 283.

sphagnicola (Omphalia), 389.

sphagnicola (Agaricus), 390.

sphaleromorpha (Pholiota), 214.

sphaleromorphus (Agaricus), 214.

spilopus (Pluteus), 288.

spilopus (Agaricus), 288.

spinuksa (Clitocybe), 427.

spinulosus (Agaricus), 428.

spilomeus (Cort. Dermo.), 64.

splendens Clitocybe), 429.

splendens (Agaricus), 429.

spongiosus (Pleurotus), 366.

spongiosus (Agaricus), 366.

spumosa (Flammula), 132.

spumosus (Agaricus), 133.

squarrosus (Agaricus), 221.

squarrosa (Pholiota), 220.
Var. Mulleri, 221.
„ verruculosus, 221.
„ reflexus, 221.

stagnina (Tubaria), 124.

stagninus (Agaricus), 124.

stellata (Omphalia), 397.

stellatus (Agaricus), 397.

stemmatus (Cort. Tela.), 57.

Stevensoni (Cantharellus), 326.

Stevensonii (Panus), 311.

stillatitius (Cort. Myx.), 91.

stilbocephalus (Clitopilus), 248.

stillbocephalus (Agaricus), 248,
249.

straminipes (Clitopilus), 248.

straminipes (Agaricus), 248.

striapes (Naucoria), 160.

striapes (Agaricus), 160.

striatulus (Pleurotus), 382.

striatulus (Agaricus), 382.

striaepileus (Omphalia), 388.

striaepileus (Agaricus), 388.
i stipticus (Agaricus), 118.
l stypticus (Panus), 309.
! subalutacea (Clitocybe), 411.
; subalutaceus (Agaricus), 412.
! subcollariatum (Hebeloma), 175.
; subcollariatus (Agaricus), 175.

subdecastes (Clitocybe), 418.

subdecastes (Agaricus), 418.

subferrugineus (Cort. Hygr.), 15.

subglobosa (Nolanea). 203.

subglobosus (Agaricus), 263.

subinvoluta (Clitocybe), 428.

INDEX.

459

subinvolutus (Agaricus), 428.
mUanatus (Cort. Inc.), 84.
sublanatus (Agaricus), 84.
sublanatus (Cortinarius). 94.
stibnotatus (Cort. Dermo.), 71.
gvbpalmatHs (Pleurotus). 367.
subpalmatus (Agaricus), 367.
subradiatus (Hygrophorus), 351.

Var. lacmus, 351.
subrimosa (Inocybe), 200.
subrimosus (Clypeus), 201.
subsquarrosa (Pholiata), 222.
subsquarrosus (Agaricus), 222.
suittus (Cort. Ino.), 80.
sulphureus (Cortinarius), 170.

tabacina (Naucoria), 163.
tabacinus (Agaricus), 163.
tabularig (Cort. Dermo.), 60.
talus (Cort. Pbleg.), 104.
Taylori (Volvaria), 294.
Taylori (Agaricus), 294.
telmatiaea (Ompbalia), 389.
telmatiaeus (Agaricus), 389.
temperata (Volvaria), 297.
teniperatus (Agaricus), 297.
temulentus (Naucoria), 165.
temulentus (Agaricus), 165.
tenera (Galera), 144.

Var, pillosella, 145.
tener (Ajraricus), 145.
tener (Bolbitius), 207.
tenax (Naucoria), 164.
tenax (Agaricus), 164.
terrigena (Pholiata), 211.
terregenus (Agaricus), 211.
testaceum (Hebelotnaj, 172.
testaceus (Aguricus), 172.
testaceus (Cort. Phleg.), 110.
tessulatus (Pleurotus), 367.
tessulatus (Agaricus), 367.
Tliomsoni (Entoloma), 277.
Thomson! (Agaricus), 278.
tigrinus (Lentinus), 312.
titubans (Bolbitius), 206.
togularis (Agaricus), 212.
togularis (Pholiota), 212.
togularis (Agaricus), 213.
tophaetus (Cort. Ino.), 81.

Var. redcmitus, 81.
tophaceus (Cort. Ino.), 80.

tornata (Clitocybe), 415.
tornatus (Agaricus), 416.
tortipes (Entoloma), 278.
tortuosus (Cort. Hygr.), 20.
torulosus (Panus). 308.
torvua (Cortinarius), 102.
torvus (Cort. Tela.), 39.
traganus (Cort. lao.) 79.
traganus (Agaricus), 79.

Var. finitimus, 79.
treclmpora (Inocybe), 201.
trecliisporus (Agaricus), 201.
tremulus (Pleurotus), 377.
tremulus (Agaricus), 377.
tricholoma (Inocybe), 202.
tricholoma (Agaricus), 202.
triformis (Cort. Tela.), 51.

Var. Schae/eri, 52.
„ Mdleopallens, 52.
„ Fusco-pallens, 52.
Trinii (Inocybe), 197.
Trinii (Agaricus), 197.
triscopoda (Naucoria), 161.
triscopus (Agaricus), 161.
triumphans (Cort. Phleg.), 94.
Trogii (Clitocybe), 412.
Trogii (Agaricus), 412.
truncatum (Hebeloma), 177.
truncatus (Agaricus), 177.
trullaeformis (Clitocybe), 425.
trullaeformis (Agaricus). 425.
tuba (Clitocybe), 432.
tuba (Agaricus), 432.
tubaeformis (Cantharellus), 323.
tuberculosa (Pholiata), 225.
tuberculosus (Agaricus), 225.
tumulosa (Clitocybe), 421.
tumulosus (Agaricus), 421.
turbinatus (Cort. Phleg.), 108.
turbinatus (Agaricus), 108.
turgidus (Cort. Ino,), 75.
turmalis (Cort. Phleg.), 95.
turundus (Hygrophorus), 336.

Var. mollis, 336.

ulmarius (Pleurotus). 366.
ulmarius (Agaricus), 366.
uliginosus (Cort. Dermo.), 69.
urbicus (Cort. Tela.), 38.
umbilicatus (Agaricus), 385.
umbelliferus (Agaricus), 394.

460

INDEX.

umbellifera (Omphalia), 394.
Var. abiegnus, 394.

„ viridis, 394.

„ myochrous, 395.
umbonatus (Cantharellus), 322.
umbratilis (Omphalia), 399.
umbratilis (Agaricus), 399.
umbrosus (Plnteus), 285.
umbrosus (Agaricus), 285.
unicolor (Pholiota), 230.
unicolor (Agaricus), 230.
unimodus (Cort. Hygr.), 28.
unguinosm (Hygrophorus), 342.
uraceus (Cort. Hygr.), 26.

valgus (Cort. Dermo.), 72.
variabilis (Claudopus), 235.
variabilis (Agaricus), 235.
variicolor (Cort. Plileg.), 98.

Var. nemorensis, 99.
varius (Cort. Phleg.), 97.
varius (Agaricus), 98.
vatricosa (Inocybe), 202.
vatricosus (Agaricus), 202.
venetus (Cort. Dermo.), 73.
ventricosus (Hygrophorus), 348.
venustissima (Clitocybe), 411.
venustissiinus (Agaricus), 411.
verecunda (Nolanea), 266.
verecundus (Agaricus), 266.
vermicularis (Clitocybe), 431.
vermicularis (Agaricus), 431.
vernicosa (Clitocybe), 410.
vernicosus (Agaricus), 411.

versipelle (Hebeloma). 174.
versipellis (Agaricus). 174.
vervacti (Naucoria), 161.
vervacti (Agaricus), 162.
vibraiilis (Cort. Myx.), 92.
vilis (Clitopilus), 247.
vilis (Agaricus), 247.
vinosus (Cort. Ino.), 82.
vinosa (Flammula), 128.
vinosus (Agaricus), 129.
violacea-fusca (Inocybe), 187.
violacea-fuscus (Agaricus), 187.
violaceus (Cort. Ino.), 75.
j violarius (Pluteus) 289.
violarius (Agaricus), 289.
mrgineus (Hygrophorus), 346.

Var. roseipes, 347.
virgineus (Agnricus), 346.
vitellinus (Bolbitius), 203.
vitellinus (Hygrophorus), 334.
vittaeformis (Galera), 148.
vittaetbrmis (Agaricus), 148.
tolvacea (Volvaria), 293.
volvaceus (Agaricus), 293.
vulpinus (Lentiuus), 317.

Whitei (Inocybe), 202.
White! (Agaricus), 202.
Wynnei (Entoloma), 280.
Wynne! (Agaricus), 281.
Wynniae (Hygrophorus), 337.

zygophylla (Clitocybe), 437.
zygophyllus (Agaricus), 438.

END OF VOL. II.

STAMFORD STBEBT AND CHAUISO Cli

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES

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