Fe FeCeety se Nadel vfitererten Le : scent wy vv vo y wy) vi) Lf A sondage ee aes ie ah Hee Hin ¥ i schtnalmatiidsasase e's nil wer ‘a ¥ v 4 ae * mere | Tab aki i's ash a a4 y OW a, - wy INN G Ete 28 Wie UDI IOOOEIOUNTE SUE mye. S : 7 g¥GUY ¥ ; aA we i vi an 3, LIS GIy SVC *v Ahi pe yuivay yy eyVyNyNEUEYS ste RON AANA: wey Moe i aa bet were sojeeeeorter eye ee w wha iter Wit y. roe a isrre es ahs Beste stires pisiessrcgne ies s soe HTL Cepteedes eae smears LU pri Nahe wvyyyo ty ue Jy wy USMY 2 UE IGG IE Y yyy ¥ “ai bey ouvinyysiyov ous eey soe oN ier aa vy wonton Vi yen wr Ly ¥ WAY renee Coageeceteeh fs oe Mniwibgecads AA si vig Y ™ é 4 f wi oy e"U: o Vyas wives Ware ec f0e ee TIS yy tate ws loss 204: J cuuvdivog et ie 2 Sele ys eee = of Ss : Baa ¥ Orn Vevey Vere UM ve pea oa FegH sii naasdiads Fre wesct ite eevee v So jet GOS } Ioge Meee <. y “le Oe a a 4 s ~ as RUS Y AAS OE apts wey ¥SY ef yg ey i Ret ¥ OY AAAS / wy : bye ty op we he , ; += Wey SA hd ay "ie y WWM | wy asuseuuceuw My soe Wey A bd AN en NE GES UEYye ytd ya? vuy MSM SME Ceti SS I eS adi :.).7. 41 ai Pla Ss We. ee Al 5 zB Pringlii 41 ie GinWlanen: occ sya 76 as suberythorrhizon.. 41 velutinum intricatum 102 Buca PAalUStriSstoris. 5.06.6 ets 50 Ee y Ob t Oman steregs stereos esels ac acter: 69 My peliimetdaes a .) .::40s\s eee 97 “ denudatus i335 haans oe ge at homonrallus 22s a rigid ulws fis ee so em Diphyscium foliosum: J. 20. cee 73 Missodon mirabilis. 6... eeee 2 a8 Distichium: Hagenit: 6: : 7S 44 DatnieGhiti. 56.6). es 97 i giganteum : 68 Ecologic Distribution of Lichens, Brace Fink... 0.0.03 eee 38, 40 Bleuteta. ci. * /..... 4. 23 72, 96 districha... ....): S@naeaeee 7 Eleutera Fontinaloides ......... 72 Entodon. ......--+-+. se0% ew 54 a PalatinUs epee << oe +e 10 e 3 MEMES syccds aeajr 6). 10 be SECUICERIIG Wiers Cin cicin sss 16 Encalypta mutica .............. 44 Pe re ss verte ae eS 12 Borhyachium fallax *............ 40 tf pee uy lore... 41 ee Gresantwm.\6 9 oo. Al es stoloniferum .. .. 40 dy SURIMOSINM SS os eis - 88 a DMV OTES Sr en 'ai:s hate 40 *Fissidens Grandifrons, Its habits, Spemmieg tidls 0s... 56, 57, 58 *Funaria Americana, J. M. Hol- MR che ce oa sae i *Frullania, W. GeBanbours. 2... 3, 4, 5, 16, 82, 46 Fissidens Gemundoides. Euan (oe OF “ DRYOIMES 0. levees se. 58 a s gymnandrus... 13 a @ C1 en 84 Es MRANIGITTONS 5. ec. 02. uy 12 os Takata @ 10 6 6 eae ae 84 an 52150 (0 So aa 84 “ Juliadus ..’.. See ET Ga e Malierimomay 8 hos 58 sar CRAB EIA. Since. 6k 57, 58 AS Mexicanus . en 84 “ semicompletus....... 8&3, 84 “ subbasilaris Bushii . 13 a 25-2010) BU 0 a 58 omtinaiwswulianay...°. )..... . 84 Homwatia Amlericana..!......... 7 os hygrometrica arctica... 70 pepcilania Asagrayana.. 3, 5, 16 236 LOU ear MS FSIGMUFOUMGS S). 2d sve wie = 3, 0 re Giiveatae hie lel. 5 Ke iboracensis... ...38°5, 16 at WakesidMad. sl eae. : ie. SOlAND ar cehoe ah S. Le OO) ni iil Oe ae ie vee a 3, 4 Me SERVO) als kt a 5 a Selwyniana. @s..<. Sea) Su SGQUgirrOSay yates 4 sis:6 3, 4 = Pin cianlica Fe. Loe enace) SE Gaimariscte 4... 5. (8..5 Coie aa ae (i 54, 55 Grimmia PUPESEGIS 0 baci. 14 aPOCIEPAL ike... 2... 36 e lamicliosa “2.086: ot... 14 it Leibereid hia 33 eA ie Mois ee Aa = eR 49 es Moomba tee 13 id ie Idahensis...;. . 13 re pseudo-Montana........ 13 Grinimia pachyphylla!... ..3.: 2. 29 Subsulcata cries s. 14, 49 GyimnNOStonmUi.>ee 2erts felts elas 14 curvirostrescabrum 52 MiCLOStOMMum:, |) 2.61 3 MULALe eens kr pa Gyrowiesia tenuis compacta...... 44 GVO ph Otay scutes shales cla ees See 89 Habrodon Notarisii.....2s......% 54 pe Pant Sai eiyectae ie Bae Wha ioeutey: 3, 4, 0, 32, 33, 34, 35, 86, 46, 47, 78 Edie piae albicans..... ieee 36 PPoma lags cee Minaycie eens: «oltre cee 96 Flomalotheciwimes..a.> c. ... 54, 96 subcapillatum.. 11 Hylocomium brevirastre.... .... 16 Hymenostomum microstonum... 18 MUM fale. oes oe 14 Hypnum ACUI MAU UAE aces were ah 65 Feu lle)loL ot 00 marta cpap mee pee La 67 ms amblyphyllume: 22. <.. 88 i amnip hd Ditmas ss! cores 31 sf mt OOSOLe CUMIN i. ea ec es 31 fs Baked sis ils cle ss . 64 Calite rout se score scene 88 s Carolinianwiny 2.9 3) 65, 66 ss crista-castrensis........ 16 - cupressiforme brevise- tum: 2.3... 99 af ae resupinatum 48 ia cylindricarpuml.7. *.\5- demissum ... ce 66 . 64, 65, 66 Carolianum... 66 Marylandicum 66 6¢ Exam acumen ae os eee 88 fluitans Atlanticum.... 81 ig Plaklerise hort es, 31 a Jeanbernati forma Holleri 35 forma gracilis.. 31 HaAVeESCENS yeh oh sa ee 65 giganteum dendroides .. 102 ce ELON Tuysteg conte ti:. 23". Weeee 48 lolaveayoxory ab doloy teams a ah 6. 64 UMP CAME MS sa eon e eee 36 hMCenachubie toes Sas aon 102 VABMNCS Mir act ts. erent 66 Ween oe ne oN liuio Ne eines aie biG 66 Ta OTUSS xicgey seeueuers teats 65 Nema heh ek ee Nord Siie molle Schimperianum.. 49 MCAS. . 46, 66, 67 microcarpum..... 64, 65 Marylandicom: 2. 222). 65, 66 TINT UMA yale myerane iste 65 Nove Casaree . ....64, 66 palllescenist 25.0% ...47, 66 Palaumumstives jcc. 10), 11 = 6 Hypnum palustre: 2. war. Bree a 50 plesiostramineum...... 64 as POMQEI ss tele s eke eee 99 8 pseudostramineum. . 64, 88 73 PULA ere Siar trans oie ve eu x TMS CIPOMMUC. ca anekose ete es RugeliamuUnny stance. 64, 65 as TECUEVAMS) oth sous s es 65 Roeliti ieee . 66 Re sarmentosum fountina- i loideSey tae Betas tos 99 “ Scorpioides grasciles- CONSe nope es cates 99 ee Schimperianum ....... 49 . Schre Bertone 2 cen seo ee U7 Sa an SCY Pia CUMIN Esso cs cacti 102 st Stop WCat lel us 6 wye 2 seers 88 ck puna e ee, ck ae eer OL BS turgescens asi peels) ; WINCIMA HUM. (5: je tale de 48 Isopterygium Brcude Seahate 2s ye aMeaen 66, 67 aula. vomits & 67 “ MICAS S35 :c'. eoktaes 4 67 SOLE CHUN Gist etd es oats eae 54 ‘eto Un Vso eer a ange rag ACS 3, 82, 46 Juncusbufonius ............... 98 Jungermannia complanata....... AT a Diaty ply lla’ tans: 30 2 platvphylloedea.. 35 Lunularia cruciata in Fruit, Julia AL AS MIT Aorta esece aca vate eed Soe. oii oes 76, 77 Lichens,.C-~ W Harris; .. ..: 12, 21, 22, 23, 24, 59, 60, 61, 62, 82 9 iemmobiln cui ee ae 6 Leucodon, A. a Groneiien seek 1, 2 Wweskeacece 3. SAiccdettn tine a 54 eskea adnia tac cise) aise cree 65 AMM AGA ee Es 3 65 a CAS PILOS aed cis. eee. Walser 65 oy +t ACT Cay eee sy .n0 8 65 aH IMMELKICAT Paws hw ey ciitnn + alle 65 fs POlwiGaKnpia scan ciey ee nes 26, 27 ms ECM AIMS. Wire etn nt Cees sce 65 . SCUAMOSA Wi ar eee 65 “ FEM UISOSCHIS. ey ehic. lapse 66 . HiClOGEtIMT Bote ek, 3,3 87 Mesquerenxta patems 9.013 Sey REL) Mb eVGA Ls Shee ic hai ON cash 32; 46, 75 Leucodon brachypus SPA state) cues chet 2, 22 “f JtVlAGSUS wn. oe eayndsens ceeds. lie Ge SCIMHONME Si ieidia) a eva k 2 kG Me yelilite MLSS CUT. Mecieehsjsue me) a 76 0m vette 72 lewniariaceruiciatay wera. a) ue 76 ,77 Mosses et coup d’ oiel, J. M. Hol- ZAIRE T jo a 0.6.01! mccain deena 28 Members Sullivant Moss chapter. 18, 19, 20 Madotheca Bolanderi........... 36 Madotheca navicularisnosoteee 35 porella 20). eee 34 BS platy phy lla" eee 35 i rivularis:s\oee emer 84 me Swartziana)) eee ee 34 a Wataugensis'.. asta. 34 Mniobryum carneum ..5. 2 Geers 63 Moium.. . 0:23. os 24 97 ms palustre... o.1. fee 50 > rostratum + s.:) ssc ae Mollia viridula 22... ee 54, 74 Note ona Long Island Moss, E.G, Britton. .4. 1254202045 cee 66, 67 Notes on Nomenclature, E. G. Britton)... eee 10, 11, 12 Notes on Rare or Little Known Mosses)...2..2) faenu eee .9, 10 New or Unrecorded Mosses, Car- dot & Therioti. 2. ae ene c 13, 14, 15, 16, 47, 48, 49 Necrology, Linn >.) shape eee 12 Burnett. cae 30 a Wether Opn ere ua area 103 Neckeéra:’. 2-1... :20,0 Soaseeeeeeeeeree 96 cs complanatapc ee (2, 97 nd CriSpa s!./6.) pabeneeee 78 ms cy mbifolian. fae ee 72 < Douglasii Macounii.... 72 Floridanay.2. eee 72 a Jamaicemsts jo) i022 ae 72 Ludovicie: . 2ohecmaere 72 a Menziesii amblyclada mee a uf limnobioides.. 72 e ornithopodioides....... ° ce oligocarpa.>.. ius 72 cr pennata.’\i.0 ac. eee 72 oh i pterantha (25:2 72 ae pumila. :.:, eu 72 e Sciuroides: .’27i5 se. cee 12 es Uundwlata:.:. See eee 72 Octodiceras Julianum, its propa- gation, etc., E. G. Britton....88, 84 Orthotrichum Halli, juve Hol- ZIMGEL . .G).44 be 43, 44 Octodiceras fontanum.... 22% 84 es Hallianum 84. je Julianum,; 2 eee 84 Oligotrichum glabragumn. oa 80 laevigatum Oe aaa 80 Onchophorus virens nigrescens . 68 Wahlenbergii elon- gatus .scckeeiee 44 Orthotrichum:...°.2.. 44). eee 54 ie antarcticum . wae 28 ct Blyttii../..) eee 44 cupulatum luridum 44 Groenlandicum. 44 io Hallii..:.)eseaeene 43 Says Orthotricum Idahénseli.. 2: . 14 Tee Taeee oe, F655 15 : microblephare..... 44 - TALEO Aue WIN ele ets fos 1s cy papillosumi.. > ./.\- 16 Peristome (The) .53, 54, 55, 56, 73, PR MeO UNC cd hia! laphci'g ewe eve e's 74, 94, 95 PorellasWm. ©. Barbowur........ 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 46 Psilopilum Tschuctschicum, J. M. Holzinger .-79, 80, 81, 82 Physcia, C. W. Harris.. fo nOO. OF Pep ainmeliiascncs . 0. ae} 12, 21, 60, 61 = S220) 0 eee 16 Physcia aqiladetonsa......... . 23 MEMES ss sep ee dee 6 ou 22, 59 a DOMMOS AE). eo a ieee owes 22 oe EP ISD, ee eee 24 ne MBAOUCTICA: |... 0. 30 we eae 22 i lemeomela 2... ..6tk.s- 22 OSC UGA G5 od. 5 evils slesls., 23, 36 es pulwerulenta 2. s:<. 2. 23, 36 she SENOC ZN Oy ea ene 23 peremectellarign ! 6c... eases ed 24 a SIDECHOSS 4s Sere ds. es 21, 23, 61 Plomotis Riyal ............ es 45 PVSCOMMEFLUM. )..0......2. 5% 54, 74 MOORNGIUNM Loss ack. ok cl. ee ke 72 Polytrichum antarcticum.... 28 cOmMMUNe =... .. 00, 51, 55 7" ie perigoniale 16 ne PACA EUIN ok. 31. £0 a hiyperboreum....°.. 9% re imconstans J... 52... ss 87 a ensenits.. 265. .3°S, 30 i fUniperinum’......-. 55 aa Ipevigatum navicularis 32, 38, 35 Sy ROC fe 33, 36 TES DL VALATIS TW. soe Geetha RS 33, 34 Vern plant vip law llan. ida eas 32, 33, 35 Si Atet AUD aL aac lance eeswarey eranrkel usuctey 39 riper tT Deter tas ace ae Son ste! gps eh 33, 384 SS nar nas] Vi EW CLEATS OE ipsa Re gel soe 33, 34 oy MGW AUPANS SC INSTS) ote leleicae 4) 2\c, «75h 35 POKo tile Wiiihe: ayers ie shoe ooe oa 8 96 Pie uridiiai sc) ee pkersce ete 54, 74 Pterogonium gracile... 10, 11, 47 ‘“ Californicum 47 ms ascendens ‘‘ ala Pterigynandrum filiforme decipi- CS tage Shea Ou ns brachy.cladon:) al ors MMithicat win :-06 0) Pyramidula tetragonas.. . 2...) 7 eyilaisia im tile atin is wre cu che crete we 95 be POlyantlaetias aly es we OF. 3 Et drepanoides.. 47 ss Schiimipenige acces cen. 95 VeltitiMayed es eee kN: 95 PAVEXGLING (eee paeeuarsta, oh are 59, 61 See preta ADVE APRS OIE Fy? 61 Fo SOFECIAtAwe. oe. eee 61, 82 Pseudoleskea antarctica. 25... 28 as AtTOVILENS i ade 48, 49 es Pate TS 9. he Aare reueee 48 + VAGICOSAsee i Aone: 49 TPISCENS ine stoi." 49 Psendoscaliiicrmon.) scnerer stmt « 64 Psilopilum Tschuctschicum...... 30, 79, 81, 82 e AUC ECU: Gi eget se 80, 81 i laévigavuim® cn. ces. e pilabraGuiine 52 eee fon Bee oe) Tortula\ <2. (eee eee 69 “.* latiteliiaa.)c% oe eee 69 Theloschistes ..2 22% Lo Se eae 59 ae concolor’ es a <-> SS} C2 a) i COMM ee Ae h i Prary Ip VEvCoODON. a, 6, c.—Afices of leaves of Leucodon julaceus, L. scturoides & L. brachypus respectively X 250. ad, e, f,—Upper-median, median-basal, and alar cells respecttvely of L. brachypus XK 250. g,—Secondary stem of L. sciurotdes having flagell@e. X 3. h,—Flagella of L. sciucotdes, K 50. t,— Leaves of L..scturoides, X ro. 7, Leaf of L. pulaceus, X10. Wi ee Oe L. brachypits, X to. foe ein YOLOGIST. VOL. Vi JANUARY, 1902. | No. tI, LEUCODON SCHWAEGR. Suppl. 1..pt. 2:1, 1816. \ Ya 2) GROUT: The various species of Leucodon grow almost exclusively on the bark of deciduous trees, very rarely are any found on dry rocks. The Leucodons are seemingly able to do without moisture for considerable periods as they rarely or never grow at the base of trees, but at a height of five or six ‘feet and above. ‘Ihe main stems are long, slender, branching, almost filiform, - with minute leaves and abundantrhizoids. Thesecondary stems are numer- ous, suberect, horizontal, or hanging downward and curved outward, usually julaceous and nearly simple; paraphyllia lacking. Leaves many ranked, concave, with margins recurved below, ecostate, entire or slightly serrulate at apex, closely appressed when dry, spreading when moist; leaf cells strongly incrassate; several rows of marginal cells are roundish-quadrate; the lower median, linear, gradually changing to oval at the apex: basal cells often brownish or reddish yellow. Dioicous, Calyptra cucullate, often at- tached below the capsule by the connate base. Capsules exserted or emer- gent, erect and symmetrical; peristome apparently simple, teeth 16, articulate and papillose, bifid or occasionally trifid; inner peristome reduced to a narrow inconspicuous membrane. We have three species, only one of which, ZL. sczurozdes, is European. ‘There is considerable difference of opinion as to what other genera of mosses should be grouped with Leucodon. Cryphea and Antitricha are apparently closely related genera. More careful study of its development and structure is needed to determine whether its natural relationship is with the Necker- aceze or the Hypnacez. | ; LEUCODON JjuLAcEUS (Hedw.) Sulliv. This species is typically south- ern, extending north to Southern New England and_ correspond- ing latitudes of the Eastern United States. . The secondary stems are typically shorter than in the other two species, the branches. very terete, julaceous when dry: the leaves closely appressed and imbricate, not at all secund, ovate-elliptical, abruptly short acuminate, very convace, scarcely plicate, serrulate at apex. Upper median leaf cells markedly shorter and broader than in the other two species. Capsule long exserted asin L. sccurocdes; annulus none; teeth bifid at apex. Easily recognized by its perfectly terete stems and smaller, scarcely plicate, abruptly acuminate leaves. LEUCODON sciuRoIDEs (L.) Schwaegr. Forming tufts or mats of brownish green, lighter green at the tips of the secondary stems, which are terete and, julaceous, more or less drooping and curved upwards at the ends, rarely 5cm. long, usually not over 3cm., frequently producing such a great The October BRYOLOGIST was issued October 5th, 1gor. number of flagelliform small-leaved branches as to cause the plant to ap- pear deformed. Leaves of secondary stems slightly secund, ovate- lanceolate, somewhat de- current, very long and slenderly acuminate, en- tire, plicate with several folds. Seta about 8mm. entire or split toward the base. Very rarely fruit- ing. Easily distinguished different shape of its leaves. It fruits sorarely that it has to be differen- a a,—Plant of Leucodon brachypus X 1. 6,—Leaf ~. of Leucodon brachypus X 20. ¢,—Sporophyte of tiatedfrom L.brachypus, Leucodon brachypus X 10. ad,—Leaf of Leucodon which it closely resem- julaceus X 20. e,—Sporophyte of Leucodon julac- bles, by its leaf apices. eus X 10. f, Capsule of Leucodon julaceus X ro. The acumination of the leaves is much longer and more slender than that of L. brachypus and is also entire. —The upper median cells are also usually a little more elongated. The secondary stems also much shorter than those of well developed ZL. drachy- _ pus, Probably common in North-Eastern United States and Eastern Canada but not often collected orelse confused with Z. drachypus. Collectors should be on the lookout forit. In examining leaves for serration, several should be examined, as the leaves of L. dbrachypus and L. julaceus are sometimes nearly entire. LEUCODON BRACHYPUS Brid. Secondary stems averaging longer and larger than in the, preceding «species, less frequently: + bramened:. Leaves more strongly secund, plicate but with fewer folds than in ZL. scturotdes; the acumination is serrulate and_not nearly. {so slender and pointed as in ZL. sczurotdes. Seta 3-4mm. long, wrapped up in the perichaetial leaves, which over-top the emergent capsule; annulus lacking, teeth bifid at apex. Spores maturing in winter. Having about the same ranges as the last but extending farther south. Abundant and frequently fruiting in the mountain regions of North-Eastern United States. It extends to Georgia along the mountains but is rare south of New York. Aform from Stone Mountain, Georgia, (J. K. Small) is much more slender than the usual Northern form. long; capsule exserted;. annulus present: teeth. from L. julaceus by the © ee ee a ae FRULLANIA. Wm. C, BARBOUR. Of the twenty or more Frullanias which are reported from North Amer- ica, about ten are to be found in the eastern or north-eastern part of the United States. Six more are known from the Southern States, and six others from the Pacific coast from California to Alaska. The genus is well repre- sented in both temperate and tropical regions, and furnishes some of the most beautiful objects for the microscope known to botanical science. The majority of species are of various shades of brown or even black, to the eye, and show varied and beautiful browns and reds when viewed by trans- mitted light. Again, some species are brown in some situations and green in others, so that color cannot be taken as a very reliable guide to the species. There is only one genus (Jubula) which at all resembles it. _ From this it is distinguished in that in Jubula the branches are lateral and havea leaf borne partly upon the stem and partly upon a branch, while in Frullania the branches are intra-axillary and the leaves are free. The best characters for distinguishing the species are drawn from the perianth and the surrounding bracts, but an effort has been made to form a key based upon other structures asfar as possible. Mostofit has been adopted from the splendid monograph on Frullania by Dr. A. W. Evans, of Yale University. The student should have this monograph at hand for reference in the study of the genus. The leaves in Frullania are incubous, complicate-bilobed, with an in- flated, long or roundish lower lobe (called /odu/e in distinction from the upper /obe.) The underleaves are round or oval in shape, strongly bifid in most species, otherwise entire or unidentate at the side. Rootlets are borne upon the underleaves. Species are monoicous or dioicous. Perianth 3-4 angled, mucronate. Elaters unispiral. Antheridia on a short branch. KEY TO SPECIES. Meenas LONG AS DGOAG. asic 6 basis a Salers sfGioivn cd delek o¥ sda@bs bol. Zr ieee someren tivam PPO 6. oe). 2 csi ee aide ciple ese hew wt fdelale Fe ees 8. ae macticaves not cordate at base... 00.6.3. eR Tre earn: see eae Se ER Wnteticayes plainly cordate at base.... 00.20.60. bec ete F. plana ee eouule wore than half the size of lobe. .............. F, Oakesiana. meanicuczes uma halt the size of lobes... 42. eh 4. a dueaves strongly Squarrose when moist.............60. F. squarrosa, — Beaves little or not at all squarrose when moist.................. 5. meena tstially explanate 9. ..c.%loc. cases wa eee see e eens F, riparia. Lobule inflated : oe eee wor eee esr se Fee eee eee ees se eae sese Fe vnevreeeeenes eee e eo Ve. 6. Lobule inflatedin upper part, compressed in lower, under- Papemecmtate Or cremate. 5... 6s... d i Yee eas F. Brittonie, Lobule inflated throughout, underleaves entire..... Rpemsen eck, tee s|: ie 7 7. Perianth with roughened ridges, usually southern..... F. Virginica, Fetiettm smooth, usually northern.,............. _...F. Eboracensis, 8. Plants small, to ¥% or 3 inch long...... PORES as eee eo F, Selwyniana, PiQMUSMaAree tO bh OF 11Z TACHES.; ee. i sesh ceed eck cove 4s 48 g, -Underleaves bifid but 4% their length, ................ F, Tamarisci, Underleaves bifid 1 to % theirlemeth.............2. F, Asagrayana,. ) a 3 i SV i iy pe" i V. I. Plant of Frullania Eboracensis growing upon birch bark. II. Under side of same magnified, showing lobules and underleaves. III. Under side of F. Asagrayana, showing asin II., also row of discol- ored cells. IV. Upper view of same. V. Perianth of F. Eboracensis. F. OAKESIANA Austin. This is a small local species found in the moun- ‘tains of New Hampshire and Vermont. It is usually reddish-brown in color, and is readily distinguished by its reddish color and its large lobule. Rare. F. RIPARIA Hamp. (/. @olotis Nees). On trees and rocks, growing in ‘depressed tufts, usually green, Its distinguishing feature is the usually ex- planate lobule, which is small and lanceolate. Underleaves distant, bifid about %, entire or nearly so. From New England westward to Minnesota and southward to Gulf of Mexico. F, squarrosa (Bl. R. et Nees.) Dumort. Plants usually in wide, loose mats, but sometimes closely appressed to the tree or rock on which it grows. When dry the leaves are closely imbricated and appressed to the stem. When moist the leaves are strongly squarrose, a condition found in no other American species. The lobule is inflated in its outer and upper parts, but mot at the base. Underleaves close together, orbicular, entire or nearly so. Perianth compressed, with short beak, and bearing numerous tubercles. ‘Connecticut to Ohio and southward. I. } \ y Ws na ne ee ee —5— F. Brirronia A. W. Evans. (/. dlatata of Gray’s Man., 6th Ed.). In wide tufts on rocks and trees. Leaves imbricated, strongly cordate at base. Lobule close to stem, inflated in outer and upper part, but compressed at base. Underleaves distant, roundish, bifid 4%, ‘‘irregularly dentate or cren- ate on the sides above the middle.” Perianth obovate, truncate, with long slender beak, compressed at sides, tuberculate especially upon the several ridges. New York, Conn, Ohio, Penn., & Virginia. F. Vircinica Gottsche. (/. saxicola Aust.), Plants green, varying to brownish, closely growing on trees or rarely on rocks. Lobule inflated throughout, about % its width from stem. ‘‘ Underleaves distant, rhombic ovate, bifid 4%, entire or rarely unidentate at the sides.’”’. Perianth obovate, abruptly narrowed into a short, broad beak; distinctly keeled on the lower side, with two or more supplementary ridges, tuberculate. This species re- sembles 7. Edoracensis, but is rare in the North and common in the South, while just the opposite is true of the other species. The main differ- ences lie in the perianths. Canada tothe Gulf. Common South, F. Esporacensis Gottsche. Green or brown, usually on trees but some- times on rocks. Leaves imbricate. Lobule galeate, truncate at base, % its width from stem. Underleaves as in /. Virginica. Perianth obovate, somewhat compressed, with short, broad beak, distinct sometimes two- angled keelon the underside, smooth, no supplementary ridges. Very com- mon in the North. F. pLANA Sulliv. Grows on shaded rocks in wide tufts, usually green- ish. Leaves cordate at base, decurved at rounded apex. Lobule close to stem, inflated especially in upper and outer parts. ‘‘ Underleaves distant, reniform, cordate at base,” bifid Y%, with obtuse lobes and sinus. Perianthsmooth, with short, broad beak. The species is uncommon, but has been found in Connecticut, New York, New Jersey and Tennessee. F, ASAGRAYANA Mont. In tufts on rocks, sometimes on trees, usually reddish brown. Lobule ¥% its width from stem, clavate or elongated obovoid. Underleaves distant, round-ovate, bifid a little less than 4%, usually plane, rarely reflexed at apex. Leaves with a long distinct median line of discol- ored cells. Perianth oval or obovate, with short beak, compressed on the sides, smooth. Common East, especially in the mountains, F. Tamarisci (L.) Dumort. In depressed tufts, brown, rarely greenish, on rocks and trees. Leaves cordate at base, with decurved apex sometimes acute, with indistint row of discolored cells. Jobule short clavate, con- tracted toward base. Underleaves distant, round, bifid 1%, with broad sinus, reflexed at apex and sides, crispate-auriculate at base. Perianth oblong, _ keeled on underside, short beaked, smooth, Rare and sterile, the under- leaves serving as a guide to identification. F, SELWYNIANA Pearson. On trees, small, reddish-brown or purple. Lobule close to stem and parallel to it, short clavate. Underleaves distant, bifid 14, entire or unidentate at sides. Leaves with line of discolored cells. Perianth obcuneate, compressed, keeled on underside, with short broad beak, minutely setulose at mouth. Rare. Collected in Ohio and Canada. S Stat Funarta Americana Lindo. Plate II. —_—7— FUNARIA AMERICANA LINDB. Joun M. HoLzincer. After fifteen years of collecting around Winona I found this beautiful species for the first time this spring (1901). It occurs abundantly on a bluff 400 feet above the level of the Mississippi, at the base of north-facing lime- stone exposures, on rich leaf mould among grass. The young plants with pedicels hardly yet raised above the leaves were found the middle of April, and were with some confidence referred to Pyramidula tetragona, for the parts figured for this species in Husnot ‘‘Musc. Gail.’’ seemed to agree well with these young plants. Fortunately the station is not distant—is in fact in sight of my study window, so that I was able to watch the maturing of the plants which takes place about the middle of May. Though I had no ma- terial of this species the certain determination was possible by the aid of Sullivant’s excellent plate and description (Icones Muscorum Suppl., 30, Plate 19).* Sullivant there also gives an interesting account of the naming of this plant. From Mrs. Britton I learn that since Muhlenberg and James collected itin Pennsylvania, Lesquereux found it in the mountains of Geor- gia and Mrs. Spence near Springfield, Ohio. Minnesota becomes the fifth station, SELIGERIA TRISTICHA B.& S. By Joun M, HOLzInGeEr. This rare little moss is so far reported from Ohio only, outside of Europe and Siberia. ....... 05. 15 Woodland street, Worcester, Mass. Jennings; Mrs. Eleanor....... enn n een eaes 150 Elm street, Albany, N. Y. DOLE HSS ESS Se i oe ee a ee re as 1 West 42d street, N. Y. City. eeemcaly en Georee. Ge i. eo ile en eu lene ev wba eae Readville, Mass. OW FOL ee Aes id oh.) oes be eeeee en Glenolden, Delaware Co., Pa. ReOMSES YW NITS By pipes sie e nas sh seu vse 08h 2 Guild street, Concord, N. H. Lippencott, Mr. ‘Charles 19.0 (cui. 2 Sees ea ee Swedesboro, N. J." Lowe, Mrs: Josephine §Di2. 0k. ae eee Noroton, Fairfield county, Conn. | Mathews, Miss: Carolime..)o 3) ee fe Bee. ee one eee Waterville, Maine. MacElwee, Mr. vAlex:: ..72 sine 4936 Aspen street, West Philadelphia, Pa.: McConnell) Mrs 36.4D | girs eee ee 126 Pierrepont street, Brooklyn, N. Y.. McDonald, Mr Krank Wee ia oe ee ee 417 California avenue, Peoria, II. Minick: Miss Ne) ers sae. 28 East Walnut street, Oneida, N. Y. Mascon, Wink SW arises ae este U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Marshall’. MissHMiySAr ones c7 tk MAS ae ae a. oe Still River, Mass. Miller, Miss Mary F...... A sen 110g M. street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Moseély, ; m a é “ ? . P t - - € ri oash o= % % > = ea 4 << 4 é o- id ~ ' | Sib ' { 7 i * a yy. a ies aA 5 wa a ‘ —— ‘ -—< ’ r ¢ : 3 i > * I , = ¥ a . % , Prare Ly. 1. Positive print of Dicranum falcatum Hedw. 2. Negative print of same specimen used in preparing figure 1. 3 Negative print of Dicranum undulatum Ehrh., fie EeyYOLOGIST. ‘ Wor, Wee May, 1902. ; Now 3. SUN PRINTS IN BRYOLOGY. Dr. Ropney H. TRUE. During the past ten years the writer has been engaged in the study of the genus Dicranum, and, in casting about for some method of illustrating | acontemplated paper on the subject, has experimented with a number of methods. Special difficulty has been encountered in finding some method of placing before the reader an accurate representation of the general habit of the plant. The somewhat costly service of the professional artist, while sat- isfactory in many respects, was found to present financial obstacles. At length it occurred to him that perhaps the method described by Dr. Halsted, under the name of Solandi process of printing, applied by him to leaves of flowering plants, might here be capable of adaptation. The anticipation proved well founded, and at the suggestion of the editors of THE BRYOLOGIST, the writer has presented here a brief statement of the method as used by him, and also illustrations (Plate IV, and Bie. A.), which mr serve to indicate the kind of results obtained. Fic. A, Board at back nailed to frame. Pad of cotton covered with tissue paper. Sheet of photographic paper. Moss. Piece of glass. Frame. Amn BON _ ‘The method may be described briefly. The moss to be used should be carefully chosen and prepared for the purpose. The tuft should not be so thick as to wholly exclude light. The individual plants should be readily distinguished. This tuft, dried under considerable pressure, is laid upon the surface of some smooth sensitive paper, (solio is good,) and pressure applied sufficient to give a close contact This is obtained by the writer in the following manner: A board of proper size, (Fig. 4.) perhaps six inches by four inches, furnishes a solid backing (1). On this is laid a pad, made by The March BRYOLOGIST was issued March ist, rgo2. ee 38 — covering a properly formed body of loose absorptive cotton with the thinnest rice tissue paper (2). On top of the pad is laid the sensitive paper (3), of course face up. On this follows the moss (4), and over alla piece of thin (one-fourth inch) plate glass, very carefully cleaned (5). By means of a framework, which passes across ends of the glass (6) and bolts with nuts, the board at the back and the glass are drawn closely together, By tighten- ing the nuts sufficiently with a bicycle wrench, a very close contact may be ~ obtained. The apparatus is then placed in the sun, great care being taken that the glass intercepts the rays of light at exactly right angles. The printing is allowed to go on until a sufficiently sharp print of the moss is made on the solio paper. Some care is necessary at this stage, since over-exposure leads to the ‘‘ printing out” of the thinner parts of the plant and a consequent obscuring of the form of the more delicate parts. Bya little practice one is able to decide just how long a given specimen should be printed. This is a matter which concerns the individual specimen, and no two subjects can be treated exactly alike. After the print has been made, the usual toning and fixing takes place, the result being a negative print. In order to obtain a positive print, this negative may be soaked in some clearing agent (the writer usually uses kerosene) and used as a negative, as if it were a glass negative. Of course, care must be taken to avoid a surplus of kerosene. ‘Thus from the paper negative any number of positive prints may be made. As will be readily seen, this method is adapted for the reproduction of labels, autograph notes, plates, and anything which is printed on but one side of the paper. The writer has found this method extremely useful in reproducing plates from rare works and in multiplying drawings of various structures or other features desired. Some may chose the positive print, in which case, as is_usual in illustrations, the object appears dark against a light background. (Plate IV. 1). ‘The writer, however, prefers the negative print as having greater sharpness. (Plate IV. 2 and 3) The accompanying plate illustrates the two types of prints, and it will be noted that, while the positive print reminds one of the usual illustrations more strongly than does the negative print, the latter is perhaps a trifle sharper in its details. As the reader will observe, this method is capable of adaptation in almost an endless number of ways, and will be found applicable not only to solio paper but also to blue-print paper, and other kinds of printing paper. It is extremely useful as furnishing to the worker a rapid method of making an accurate record of the habit and size of rare specimens which he may be able to see occasionally. It is perhaps as a means of making such a record that this method finds its greatest usefulness to the working bryologist. Should readers of THE BryoLocistT desire further information than this outline sketch furnishes, the writer would be very glad to communicate with any such and explain further such points of difficulty, as he may be able. Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D.C. Pie ae ECOLOGIC DISTRIBUTION AN INCENTIVE TO THE STUDY OF LICHENS. By Bruce FINK. Until quite recently the study of Lichens in America has been wholly confined to taxonomic problems. With the reaction in other fields of botan- ical activity it seemed for a time that the ‘‘ golden age of lichenology”’ had surely passed. In this transitional stage lichens have been neglected, but with the change of front in botany has come the work of Dr. W. C. Sturgis upon the reproductive processes, and quite a number of very illuminating physiological and morphological papers by Dr. Albert Schneider, culminat- ing in his Text-Book. Also the writer has made a beginning of the study of ecologic distribution of Lichens. In the revival of interest in the study of lichens ecologic researches are surely to be a dominant factor. It has not escaped notice that lichens are of extreme interest ecologically. Yet the prerequisite knowledge of species is not possessd by ecologists generally, and for this reason lichens have been for the most part neglected in their studies. Moreover, I am well convinced as aresult of extended study in the field and in the laboratory that these plants can scarcely receive adequate consideration from an ecologic point of view in any general paper. Whether this is true of any other plants below the spermaphytes I am not prepared to give an opinion, but there surely must appear a number of workers who will seriously study /zchens ecolog- ically before the matter will receive proper attention. I have already hinted at a good knowledge of species as a prerequisite. A systematic study of the lichens of a region may be accomplished in a rea- sonably short time, and this, supplemented by keen powers of observation, is absolutely necessary in field work. To these qualifications should be added some acquaintance with structural geology and with the species of trees bearing the lichens. The workers must also become familiar with the late literature of the subject of ecology or phyto-geography. Armed thus the close observer will find such a multiplicity of interesting questions aris- ing in the field that he will frequently be compelled to avoid too great an amount of detail. Local conditions as to light and moisture must be con- stantly kept in mind, nor should the more strictly edaphic conditions be lost to view, that is, the conditions of environment substratic, rather than climatic. Fortunately lichen formations as a rule need not be studied at different seasons of the year, nor need they generally be studied through a -series of years for the purpose of noting the succession of species, as this comes about so slowly that little will be gained by such investigation except where the work may be continued for two or three decades. Again, lichens are commonly more widely distributed than the spermaphytes, and general climatic conditions need not, receive so great an amount of attention in studying their distribution, The fact that one may continue his studies through a whole season, always finding his plants in good condition, and may confine his attention for most part to local conditions rather than wide- spread climatic ones, simplifies the work quite materially. — 40 — I have outlined in a previous paragraph something of the prerequisites to good work in the field, and wiih these alone one may obtain results that will prove of great interest and value. But there are other phases of the subject which need attention. These are morphological and physiolog- ical, and through such studies only can we hope to solve completely the adaptation of lichens. Albert Schneider’s Text-Book will furnish Americans much of value in such investigations, and the writer's Minnesota papers. attempt to discuss to some extent the relation of structure and function to environment. I have suggested a knowledge of the literature as a pre- requisite to the study of the distribution of lichens without citing names of authors or works. In theless generally known field of structural and physi- ological studies of lichens it may be well to make mention of some European authors. In giving a short list one must omit much of value. However, I shall venture to refer to the works of G. Bonnier, M. Funfstuck, H. Jumelle, G. Krabbe, G. Lindau, J. Reinke, S. Schwendener, and H. Zukal. These men have not had ecologic distribution chiefly in mind in their studies, but one will find much of value bearing upon the subject in their writings. In such studies as I have suggested one may well confine his researches to a limited area with most excellent results. It is possible to do good work in an area of moderate size in a single season only after one has had years of experience in observing and studying lichens both in the field and in the laboratory. Indeed there is room for extended stndy of lichen formations ofa given type, as those of the smooth bark, those of the rough bark, those of the bowlders, those of the earth, those of the calcareous rocks, or those of a given genus or even species of tree. Infact it is only when we confine our- selves within reasonably narrow limits that very minute details can'receive attention. Thus while working a number of years in the same area and even on the same formation new problems will constantly arise to renew the worker's zeal. I am certain that my papers recording ecologic studies in Minnesota can not be more than suggestive of what may be accomplished. The field is a most fascinating one, and I confidently look for the day when it will be sutficiently occupied. Let me urge those who have or are able to acquire a knowledge of the lichens of a limited area to turn their attention to ecologic studies. fayette, lowa. CURRENT BRYOLOGICAL LITERATURE. Pi) ROUT: In the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club for February, 1902, Mr. R. S. Williams describes two new mosses, or rather describes two mosses as new—Lurhynchium Taylorae and Brachythecium Pring let, The first is the extreme development in point of size of that extremely variable species, Z. fallax (R. & C.) Grout. This species is about as varia- ble and perplexing as £. stoloniferum (Hook) J. & S. which has given rise to so many ‘‘new species.” Size alone can scarcely be used as a character on which to base a new species when all intermediate gradations are fre- quent. It may be that this form is entitled to varietal rank as an aid to the tt ae study of this species. In this case the largest plants in my No. 83a of N. Am. Musci Pleurocarpi should be labeled £. fallax var. Taylorae (R.S. Williams). These plants with branch leaves fully the size of Mr. Williams’ type (1.5mm long) and other dimensions to correspond, grow inextricably _ intertangled with forms of the ordinary size. Mr. Williams’ statement that ‘in size this plant most nearly approaches 4. Oreganum of any of our North American species,” is a clue which will readily enable the collector to recognize it. Mr. Williams type is Leiberg’s No, 172 from the Traille River Basin, Idaho. Brachythectum Pring let is most certainly a mere variety of B. plumo- sum and differs from the var. homomallum only in its larger size and broader and less slenderly acuminate leaves. Except for a slight difference in these respects it agrees almost exactly with Edition I, No. 332b of the Musc. Bor. Am. of Sullivant and Lesquereux. The only possible reason for giving this varietal rank [B. plumosum var. Pring let (R.S. W.)] lies in the fact that the European authors describe the var. omomal/um as more slender than the typical form and with smaller leaves.. But on the other hand the American form of the sfeczes averages considerably smaller than the European. My own opinion is that the plant described by Mr. Williams should be regarded as a mere form of var, homomallum. Mr. Wiiliams’ type is from the Huachua Mts., Arizona, col- lected by Mr. C..G. Pringle. In the Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden, Vol. 2, No. 6, May . 27, 1901, Mr. Williams describes Brachythecium petrophilum from Dawson as new. ‘This moss belongs in the difficult and variable Co//inum group _which is not well understood by any one as to its American forms. Mr. Williams’ plant is not just like any other known to me yet it is so near some of the already too numerous species of this group that I think it ‘unfortunate that it should be given specific rank until the whole group is better under- stood. If typical Brachythecitum erythrorrhizon var. Thedeniz, had ever been found in that part of the world I should refer it to that variety, from which it differs in its more crowded, less longly acuminate, less falcate leaves: with which it agrees in general form and areolation of leaves and slightly scabrous seta. Mr. Williams says that his plant is nearest to B. suberythrorrhizon from which it differs ‘‘in the rough pedicel, leaves narrower, tess serrate and plicate and cilia appendiculate.”’ A close examination of a seta of the type of suberythrorrhizon shows several low papillae. I was unable to make out the difference in the serra- tion of the leaves; the amount of projection at the nodes of the cilia in this group is notoriously variable. I do not think suberythrorrhizon is as distinct from erythrorrhizon as is the var. Thedeniz, but if it be held a good species, then Mr. Williams’ plant should be regarded as a poorly marked variety. ’ Thanks to the courtesy of Mrs. Britton and the New York Botanical Gardens, I have had access to the types, which I have carefully studied. — 42 — Inthe same number of the Bulletin of the New York Botanical Gardens Mr Williams gives a very interesting report on the other mosses which he col- lected in the Yukon region in 1898-9y. In this account he describes several new species, including two new Bryums, a genus even more difficult than In our next issue I hope to give a full review of this paper. Brachythectum. Pe Javeieioles Te oy VMONA NOR “Uf Z YW i ™ wt ; (Gae= Wyk A SOBA as ee OD LIPS : (efe) HS eee 70 { : Jno aia / opatanico ee NOAA PLATE V.—ORTHOTRICHUM HALLII, Peristome with part of capsule. Cross sections of leaf, from near apex, middleand base, Figs. 1 and 2. Figs. 3, 4 and 5. respectively. ae Bg ORTHOTRICHUM HALLIT SULLIV. & LESQ. Joun M. Houzincer. Among some Wyoming mosses recently received from Professor Aven Nelson for determination was an Orthotrichum which proved to be typical O. Halli, The plant was sent sub numero 125, and was collected by Mr. Leslie Gooding ‘‘on bare dry rocks”’ in Platte Canyon,S. E. Wyoming. The habitat at the type station (Rocky Mountains, E. Hall) is given as ‘‘on trees.” Yet there seemed little doubt, judging from both the description and the plate in Sulliv. Icon. Musc. Suppl., ¢. 45, that this rock moss was the same species. So it was sent to Mrs. E. G. Britton for comparison with the type, if possible. She sent ittothe Harvard Herbarium. From there it was learned that ‘‘ the type is in poor condition, only old and incomplete capsules left, without calyptras, lids or peristome.” Mrs. Britton’s suggestion that “evidently Sullivant sent the best he had to his draughtsman” is but too true. Under the circumstances it is of interest to find new material in as perfect condition as is this from Wyoming. Through the mediation of Mrs. Britton I have been able to examine closely a sterile stem from the Harvard type material. A comparison of the leaf sections leaves no doubt whatever regarding this Idaho piant being typical Orthotrichum Hallit. The strong unbranched papille, standing over the lumen of the cells; the two cell layers which begin below the leaf middle, where they usually do not extend across the lamina, reaching to the apex, where they are characteristic of the ev¢zre lamina: these are charac- ters exactly identical in the Wyoming and in type materiai. I therefore have thought it proper to supplement Sullivant’s illustrations of this beauti- ful species by the accompanying figures of leaf sections, and also of the upper part of the capsule, with part of the peristome. It will be observed by comparing Sullivant’s figure 10, representing the peristome with a part of the mouth of the capsule, and the accompanying figure 1, that an attempt has been made in the latter to emphasize a second characteristic feature, namely the five or six rows of roundish isodiametric cells at the mouth of the cap- sule. These, as well as the three or four longitudinal rows of cells which alternate with the eight pairs of teeth, assume a darker yellow color than the rest of the capsule. The material in hand shows a stage of the capsule not indicated in the description and figures of this species. Several freshly deoperculate cap- sules retained their bulging shape and their green color while dry, but were even at this stage marked by eight strongly projecting coste or ridges. These are omitted in Sullivant’s figure 6; and comparing this with his figure 8, one is led to expect that these costz do not appear till the capsule assumes the form shown in figure 8. The fragile whitish peristome stands erect as given for the type, which causes the teeth to be easily broken; but occasion- ally a tooth persists till old age, and then turns back against the capsule. It thus appears that this moss is well distinguished from all our North American Orthotricha by its fruit as well as leaf characters; and where the fruitis absent orimmature, the leaves alone are still sufficient for determina- tion. My thanks are due Mrs. Britton for her kind assistance which made it possible to make comparisons with type material. (See also Mrs. Britton’s statements in Bull.; Torr. Club., 1894, p. 156.) _ NOTE. The writer discovers that among undetermined Colorado mosses collected by him in 1896, O. Hadiit is abundantly represented. All of that material was, like that from ee es collected on rocks. This adds tothe doubt that O. Ha/ii was originally col- ected = on trees” ‘ CURRENT LITERATURE. Musct Norvegie Borealis, Parsprima. J. Hagen. This appears in the Tromsé Museums Aarsefter Trondhjem, 1899, in German, the descriptions in Latin; 112 pages. It is not merely a list, being replete with critical notes which show the experienced master in Bryology, ingenuous, painstaking, plain spoken, exact. The descriptions uniformly go into the greatest detail. Quality is here secured with unstinted labor. Most of the descriptions and discussions are of direct value and interest to Ameri- can students. The following species and varieties are described: Gyrowetsta tenuis compacta Hag., Cynodontium polycarpum levifo- lium Hag., Cynodontium polycarpum scabrius Hag., Oncophorus Wahlen- berg elongatus Hag. Dicranum angustum fertile Hag., Seligeria tristichotdes Kindb., Dustichium Hagenit Ryan, Barbula convoluta Jiliformts Hag., Schistidium apocarpum trregulare Hag., Schistidium angustum Uag., Orthotrichum cupulatum luridum Uag., Orthotrichum microblephare Schimp., Orthotrichum Blyttzi Schimp., Orthotrichum Groen- landicum Berggr., Orthotrichum mitigatum Hag., Encalypta mutica Hag., Webera cruda alpina Hag. / Finally it is to be noted that the discussions under Orthotrichum and Webera are ppperely valuable. | Musct Norvegie* Borealis. Fasciculus sécundus. J. Hagen. (Pars secunda,), pp. 113-240. This was issued in 1901 and came into the hands of the writer of this note Feb. 24th, 1902. Considering the large number of new Species de- scribed it seems very desirable to determine and record the exact date of its issue. ; . This paper is occupied almost exclusively with the genus Bryum proper, of which the author enumerates 108 species and varieties, 26 of them new to Bryology. When we consider that in the first part of this series the author enumerates 16 species and varieties of Webera, we have nearly 150 species — of Bryum in the wider sense, all belonging to northern Norway, a compara- — tively small area of the Scandinavian peninsula. Truly this shows a won- derful wealth of Brya! Dr. Hagen proposes some changes in the treatment of the genus Bryum and his discussion of this matter deserves treatment in a separate note; here only the salient points ot excellence in the author's treat- ment are mentioned, With the great majority of species are found critical notes discussing their value and affinities. The author’s generous communi- cation to his fellow workers of his method of treating and examining spores, of observing leaves and areolation, and his estimate of the relative merits of older and newer diagnostic characters are refreshing to note. Not less charming is his treatment of the errors of fellow workers which he brings out in a frank way yet devoid of acrimony and above all without giving offense or humiliation. In differences of opinion he is evidently forbearing and _ allows the other man full right of private judgment. Following is the list of new species described, including several for the first time adequately described: Bryum mutilum Hag. n. sp., B. lacustre phaodon Hag. n. var., B. 7- clinatum rimosum Hag. n. var., B. trichopoudium Hag.n. sp., B. Lorentziz Schimp., B. proprium Hag. n. sp., B. lapidum Hag. n. sp., B. stenodon Hag. n.sp., B furvum Hag. n, sp., B. acuttformée Limpr.n.sp., &. gelvum Maem sp, 2, amblystegium Ryan, n. sp., &. saxatile Hag. nu. sp. B. nigricans Kaur. n. sp., B. dimosum Hag. n. sp., B. misandrum Hag. n. sp., B. artstatum Hag. n. sp., B. pallescens cylindricum, Hag. n. var., B. sub- rotundnm clavatum Hag. n. var., B. pumilum Ryan n. sp., B. subrutilum Limpr. n. sp., 2. ventricosum arcticum Hag, n.var., B. crispulum Hampe. mss., B, tomentosum Limpr.. B. oxystegium Hag. n. sp., B. Pridizi Hag. Hsp, 5. 2olomityicum Kaur. mss. n. sp., B. stmuosum Ryan n. sp., ZB. boreum Hag. n. sp.. B. arctogaeum Hag. n. sp. Without doubt a considerable number of these species will be found to occur also in the northern parts of our own North American continent. The Bryophyta of the Faroes. By C. Jensen. This is a treatise in English of 78 pages of printed matter in a report from the ‘‘ Botany of the Faroes,” Pt. I. Copenhagen, 1go1, pp. 120-197. It is accompanied by a map of the Islands made on the scale of four miles to the inch, and by five plates. The islands lie in lat. 62° N., and are about equidistant from Norway, Ireland and Scotland. Their mossflora is of cor- responding interest to American students. The list of 338 species enumerated on pages 122-181, including 95 species of Hepatice, takes account not only of the author's own coilection made on these islands in 1896, but of all the materials accumulated from various ex- peditions during the roth century and earlier, in the Museum of the Botanical Gardens at Copenhagen. Of the eight works cited in the Bibliography (I. teememotic; 1s00;.2. W. C. Trevelyan’s, 1835; 3. J-W. Harnemann’s, 1837; Weeostrup s; 1870; 5. N. C.. Kindbere’s, 1887;-6. F. Borgensen and C, Ostenfeld-Hansen’s, 1896; 7. H. G. Simmons’s, 1897; 8. C. Jensen’s, 1897.), four give lists of mosses namely Nos. 4, 6, 7,& 8. Corrections in determina- tions and changegwof nomenclature in these lists are given on pp. 181-184. Pages 185-196 take up the phyto-geographical studies based upon the bryophyta of the islands, in which the author makes exhaustive and interest- ing comparisons with all the outlying mossfloras. The plates illustrate Radulacomplanata Jack., Philonotis Ryanz Philib., Pohlia Faeroensts Jensen, n. sp., and of Dicranum Andersoniz (Wich.) Schimp. from both the original specimen from Lapland and from the Faroese specimen. This last is a contribution from Prof. Harold Lindberg. Joun M. Houzincer, RADULA. Wm. C. Barpour. RADULA COMPLANATA. Dumort, A. Plant natural size. B. Branch with perianth and capsule. C. Leaf with gemmez. Also shows root-hairs from the lower lobe. D. Calyp- ina. Haj Spores: Raputa Dumort. Comm. Bot, 112. 1822. (Martinellius 5, F. Gray. Stephanina O. Kuntze.) The members of the genus Radula somewhat resemble the Porellas in outward appearance, but are apt to lie more closely upon the substratum of bark, or sometimes rock. The plants are rather large, green, and form spreading mats. Thestems ~ usually branch in a loosely pinnate manner. The leaves are alternate and incubous in arrangement, the upper margin of each leaf lying over or upon the lower margin of the leaf next above it. Asin Frullania and in Porella the leaves are two-lobed, with the lower lobe smaller than the upper, lying beneath it and along the stem at the lower side of the leaf. It may be read- ily distinguished from the other genera with lower lobes smaller than the upper, by the fact that the root-hairs are borne upon the lower lobes of the leaves, while in the others (Frullania, Jubula, Porella, and Lejeunea) they are borne upon the stem and the underleaves. The lobule is seldom much, in- 4 flated and then only at the fold at the lower edge of the leaf. The free margin is pressed close to the main lobe of the leaf. The genus has no underleaves. Mostof the species are dioicous. In these the antheridia are in andreecia having the form of catkins and are found at the end of the stem or the principal branches. The archegonia occur in similar positions. The calyp- tra is somewhat pear-shaped, whitish, and nearly opaque. In most spe- cies the perianth is strongly compressed from above, as though it had been ‘‘flattened” by a heavy weight. This ‘‘dorso-ventrally” . flattened perianth occurs: in but one other genus of Northeastern America, Scap- ania. This is easily distinguished from Radula by its bilobed leaves, which have the lower lobe larger than the upper. The lips of the perianth are truncate and nearly or quite entire. The spores are rather large and have a granular surface. PAULA \COMPLANATA (L..) Dumort. Comm. Bot. 112. 1822.. (Jungerman- nia complanata L, Sp. Pl. 1133. 1753.) This is the common species of the Eastern United States and is found also on the Pacific slope, but not so abundantly. It occurs as yellowish green, depressed mats at the base, or on the lower part of the trunks of trees. Where the plants have not yet formed these mats, they cling closely to the substratum. This species is also found on rocks in the Eastern region of the United States. ‘he leaves are closely im- bricate, and sometimes bear gemme upon the margins. The upper (dorsal) lobe is nearly round, and the lower (ventral) lobe is rather quadrate, and about a quarter the size of the dorsal. The walls of the leaf cells are thick- ened at the angles. The species is paroicous, the perianth long-obconic, strongly com- pressed, two lipped, entire or nearly so. The capsule is ellipsoidal or obo- void, exserted from the perianth only a short distance. SAV Em daa: (To be continued. ) NEW OR UNRECORDED MOSSES OF NORTH AMERICA. By J. CarpotT anD I, THERIOT. Condensed from Bot. Gaz. 30, July, 1900. Translated by Miss Warner. PTEROGONIUM GRACILE Sw, var. CALIFORNICUM Ren, & Card. Differs from the typical European form in the longer and more acumin- ate leaves and in the smaller alar cells. California: ‘‘ Ad rupes Californize, perfrequens; Bolander” (Sulliv. & Lesq. Musci Bor. Amer, Exsicc., ed. 2, no. 349); Sansalito (Marshall A. Howe, 1892;) Coast Range Mts., San Mateo Co., on trees (M. A. Howe 1895; Ren. & Card., Musci Amer. Sept. exsicc. no. 316). All the Californian specimens of P. gracz/e that we have examined belong to this variety. PYLAISIA POLYANTHA Sch. var. DREPANIOIDES Ren, & Card. A peculiar form, similar in habit and size to Hypuum pallescens. The secund leaves usually faintly toothed to the base of the acumen, the al cells less numerous and less obscure, and less chlorophyllose. Capsule smaller, Peristome normal. Minnesota: Without locality or name of collector, mixed with a small form of Hypnum uncinatum, Hedw. (Herb. Univ. of Wisconsin). PSEUDOLESKEA PATENS Limpr. Laubm. 2:806. (Leskea ? patens Lindb. in Soc. pro Fauna et Fl. fenn. 1880. Lesguereuxia patens Lindb. in Meddel. af Soc. pro Fauna et Fl. fenn. 14:75. 1887. 3 Newfoundland: Deer Lake (Rev. A. C. Waghorn). This species differs from P. atrovirens in its more slender stems, the leaves erecto-patent (not secund), symmetric (not falcate), and the papillae being set on the middle of the cells and not on the angles. TRIPTEROCLADIUM LEUCOCLADIUM (C, Muell.) Jaeg. var, CAMPTOCARPUM Cand. oe chiner: Differs from the typical form only in the short, subhorizontal arcuate capsule resembling that of Brachythecium. Idaho: Latah County (L. F. Henderson, 1894). AMBLYSTEGIUM SERPENS Br. Eur. var. SUBENERVE Ren. & Card. Differs from other small forms of A. serpens in the leaves which are either costate or ecostate. Distinguished from A. swbfzle by the more robust habit, much larger and broader leaves with shorter acumen. Newfoundland: Bay-of-Islands (Rev. A. C. Waghorn). AMBLYSTEGIUM FLUVIATILE Br. Eur. var. BREVIFOLIUM Ren, & Card. Distinguished from the typical European form by the more regularly pinnate branches, shorter and smaller leaves and a costa thicker in propor- tion to the size of the leaf. Minnesota; Lanesboro (J. M. Holzinger, 1894. Ren. & Card., Musci Amer, Sept. exsice. m0: 327), AMBLYSTEGIUM RIPARIUM Br, Eur, var. LONGIVERVE Card. & Ther. Distinguished from the typical form by the costa extending farther into the acumen. Arkansas: Varner, in water (B. F. Bush, 1898). Resembles A. vaczl/ans Sull. in the long-nerved leaves, but in this species the branch leaves have a short obtuse acumen, while in our moss they are narrowly and acutely acuminate, like the stem leaves. Hypnum Hatteri Linn. fil. apud Swartz Meth. Musc. 34. Labrador: L’ Anse-au-Mort (Waghorn, 1894) Cook's Brook (Waghorn, 1897). Newfoundland: Middle Arm, on rocks (Waghorn, 1896). A very distinct species of the subgenus Camfy/ium, at once character. ized by the very dense tufts, the stems entirely prostrate and divided into pinnate branches, the leaves much crowded, recurved-squarrose from a more erect base, minutely denticulate all around, and with a much shorter point than in the allied species. HyPNUM CUPRESSIFORME L. var, RESUPINATUM Sch. Coroll. 133. (H. resupina- tum Wils., Bryol. Brit. 398). Newfoundland: Chance Cove (Rev. A. C. Waghorn, 1891). This variety considered by many authors as a distinct species is charac terized by the leaves not falcate-secund, imbricate or homomallous and pointing upward, and the capsule erect and symmetrical or very slightly curved or inclined. It is connected with the type by many intermediate forms. HyYPNuM MOLLE Dicks. var. SCHIMPERIANUM Sch., Syn. 775 (ed. 2) (7. Schim- perianum Lorentz. Moost. 123, pl. 5, fig. C). Northwestern Montana: In the vicinity of Lake MacDonald, Flathead Co, (J. M. Holzinger and J. B. Blake, 1898). Differs from the type by the longer and more slender stems naked below and by the leaves smaller and with a shorter acumen. DICRANOWEISIA SUBCOMPACTA Card. & Ther. ‘In densely tufted cushions. Stems simple or sparingly branched, 6-8mm. high, densely folate. Leaves suberect when wet, crispulate when dry, 1-1.5mm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, subacute or somewhat obtuse, slightly channeled above, nerve attenuate at base, extending to the apex or vanishing a little below. Margin pale below, inflexed above, very entire, cells irregularly quadrate or subrectangular, the lower ones laxer, linear next tothe costa, the alar cells distinct, subinflated, fuscous. Other parts unknown. Pate XJ. Very nearly allied to the European LD. compacta Sch. from wick it dif- fers by the leaves being more narrowly acuminate and generally subacute, the cells of the areolation larger and with thinner walls and chiefly by the costa narrower, attenuate below (16-25 broad;it is 55 in D. OD TYEE Ns Along the trail from Holzinger’s Basin to the Rim. BARBULA RUFIPILA Card. & Ther. In habit and shape of leaves closely resembling B&B. aciphylla, differs only in the cells which are twice as large and more distinct (the upper 20-304 in B. rufipila, 12-15" in B. aciphylla) and in the hair point which is often less toothed and sometimes entire. Described from sterile specimen. Avalanche Basin; Holzinger’s Basin. . GRIMMIA MOLLIs B, & S., This European alpine moss is reported from Greenland, and should be found at intermediate stations in Canada. Base of Sperry Glacier. GRIMMIA SUBSULCATA Limpr. in Rabenh. Cryptog. Fl. Laubm..757. New to North America. Cardot det. Mt. Trilby. WEBERA CARINATA (Brid.) (W. cucullata carinata Husnot; Bryum Nav ICU fare Card.) New to North America. Cardot det. Base of Sperry Glacier. BRYUM ALPINUM L, var. DENTICULATUM Card. & Ther. Differs from the typical form in the more slender habit, shorter ovate- acuminate leaves, with scarcely revolute margins, distinctly sinuate-denti- culate above and in the costa vanishing in the apex. On the way from Holzinger’s Basin to the Rim. PSEUDOLESKEA RADICOSA (Muell.) Lesq. & James. This species was distributed as P. réZgescens Lindb: it is the P. atro- virens of European authors. Best det. Holzinger’s Basin; Mt. Trilby. = 50. SCIENTIFIC NAMES AND THEIR CHANGES, WITH SPECIAL REFER= ENCE TO THE MOSSES. AG | MeROUT. ‘To the amateur botanist, especially if he be a beginner, the Latin names of plants are a fearful and tongue-twisting mystery. This mystery is deep- ened and rendered more hopeless by the fact that in every new book pub- lished some of the old favorites appear in brand-new names. This article is written for the purpose of rendering the mystery intelligible so far as the nature of the subject and the ability of the author will permit. First, we have Latin names because Latin is the universal language of scientific nomenclature to-day, as it was once the universal language of all learning. Polytrichum commune L..is the same to every man of every nation, . } We have binomial names, names of two words, e. ¢., Polytrichum com- mune, for convenience. If we said commune alone we would be obliged to have aS many naines as species, a very difficult matter, as the number of species, both animal and plant, more than outnumber the entire Latin vocabulary. By using the binomial we require a new name for each genus only, and can use specific names over and over, once with each generic name if need be. Thus in the index to the Lesq. & James Manual we have Au/acomnium palustre, Bruchia palustris, Dicranum palustre, Hypnum palustre, Minium palustre, ete. . Besides this it fixes in our minds a kind of classification; the generic term being of the same rank and value as the word rose in Moss Rose, Briar Rose, etc. The species name corresponds to the adjective part of the com- mon name and is written without a capital initial unless derived from a proper name. An attempt has been made, and the writer pleads guilty, to give com- mon, or English, names to plants that lack them by translating the Latin names, e. g., the Awned Hair-cap, the Erect Hair-cap, etc. It would be much better in most cases of this‘sort to learn the Latin name, which is just as easy to learn and remember, and much more satisfactory in the long run. After the binomial is placed the initial or abbreviation of the name of the man who christened the plant, e. g., the L.after the name Polytrichum commune signifies that Linnaeus christened the plant and that its name has not been changed since. An abbreviation is used instead of the initial when the initial alone is not sufficient to identify the author of the name. If this were all, the matter would be very simple and satisfactory, but it not infrequently happens that two men have christened the same plant with two entirely different names. Sometimes this happens because the man who gives the second name is ignorant of the fact that the plant was already named; or again he may wish for some reason to disregard the frst name. The first was often an excusable error in early times when libraries and scientific literature were scarce, andeven in the present day the greatest care -—— 55 — is required to prevent this mistake. Before one can with certainty namea | new moss from America he must look up all the species of that genus from Europe and eastern Asia, asmany species of mosses grow on these three continents with little variation. To name again a plant that one knows to have been named before is an unpardonable sinin these days, unless forsome reason the first name belongs to another organism. As an illustration of the repeated rechristening let us take the case of Polytrichum commune, so named by Linnaeus in 1753. In 1789 it was named Polytrichum serratum by Schrank; in 1791 P. yuccaefolium by Ehrhart, and in 1824, P. propinguum by Robert Brown. From the fact that they all used the generic name Polytrichum one would certainly infer that this multiplication of names was not due entirely to ignorance although it is of course possible that each thought his plant a different species from that already described. ’ In such cases the first name published with a reasonable description, would seem to be the one that should be universally adopted, and this is the contention of a large school of American botanists headed by Dr. N. L. Brit- ton of the New York Botanical Gardens, whose watchword is PRIORITY even to the position of two names on the same page. Yet this is not as simple a matter as it seems at first, for it not infrequently happens that the first name given to a plant was published in some obscure pamphlet that no one except a bibliophile ever heard of, while the name by whichithe plant has been com- monly known for years was published a little later in a well known and standard work. Of course this describes an extreme case and there may be all gradations. An illustration of such a case is the moss commonly known as Pogona- tum brevicaule which was named by Beauvoisin his Prodromus in180s. The moss continued to pass by this name until 1894, a period of eighty-nine years, when Mrs. Britton called attention to the fact that the same plant was described as Polytrichum tenue by Menzies in the Transactions of the Lin- naean Society for 1798. Of course the fact that it was named as a Poly- - trichum does not affect the case as we are now discussing the species names, But in such cases the name is written thus, Pogonatum tenue (Menz.) E. G. Britton, which being interpreted means that the name /emue was first given to the species by Menzies but that it was first published as a Pogonatum by Mrs. Britton. The inconventence caused by changes of this sort have led many to favor the Berlin rule formulated by a congress of botanists at Berlin some years ago. According to this rule names in use for fifty years are not to be dis- placed by the discovery of an older but previously little used name. Of course this leaves room for a difference of opinion as to the proper name to use and consequently to a lack of uniformity, the goal of the sticklers for ab- solute unqualified priority; but the author thinks that a new race of human beings will have to be developed before a uniform system of nomenclature, with no chance for difference of opinion or usage, will be universally adopted. (To be continued.) — 52 — SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER NOTES. HOW I FOUND SCHISTOSTEGA OSMUNDACEA. By J. WARREN HUNTINGTON. I count my find of this little ‘‘cave-dweller’”’ as one of the best that I have ever made, and I found it entirely by accident, as many of my best- finds have been. It was on one of those splendid wooded hillsides which we may findin any hill town of New Hampshire. I explored that morning a little brook that trickled down the hill over boulders covered completely with mosses like Hypnum rusctforme and various forms of Fissidens /and Fontinalis. On each side rose ledges of granite shaded by ciumps of Moun- tain Maples. I climbed the bank to the left and searched awhile on the ridge for lichens and hepatics. Taking my way back towards the brook I came toa mass of rocks tilted together in such a way as to form something like a cave; looking down this fissure into the semi-darkness I saw a little circle of light about a foot in diameter. Thinking this might be some decay- ing matter that gave out phosphorescent light. I examined some of it and found I had a very delicate frond-like moss which proved to be Schistostega osmundacea. Dr. Best, to whom I sent a specimen, put me right as to its luminous appearance, as I had mistaken its light as due to phosphorescence instead of its cells being constructed so as to focus the light rays and then reflect them. ‘So this is the way I found the ‘‘ Leuchtmoos.” The note about Gymnostomum curvirostrum scabrum Lindb. in the October BRYOLOGIST, calls to mind a collection of this moss which I made at Winslow, Maine, on September 3, 1898. ‘The banks of the Kennebec river here are formed of slate containing considerable lime. The moss grew quite abundantly in crevices along the almost perpendicular banks, wher- ever the drip from above furnished sufficient moisture. At times the deep green tufts with their chestnut capsules, would be a yellowish white, owing _to the limey incrustation. Growing with the Gymunostomum were many piants of Prezssta commu- tata, Nees, but always provokingly sterile. A careful comparison of the Gymnostomum was made with plants, in the herbarium of Mr. J. F. Collins, of Providence, collected by Mr. J. W. Holzinger at Rollingstone, Minn., September 2, 1889. ' Epwarp B. CHAMBERLIN. Miss Harriet B. Bailey has collected at Kentville, Nova Scotia, fine specimens of Bryum proligerum. They were found growing on a hard | wet sandy bank. with abundant propagule. One fruiting specimen was found which she has presented to the New York Botanical Garden. Dupli- cates have been sent to Prof. Macoun and the Sullivant Moss Chapter. She also collected atthe same locality fine specimens of Raphidostegtum Jamestt growing on spruce trees. ELIZABETH G. BRITTON, OFFERINGS. [To chapter members only—for postage. | Mr. Wim. C. Barbour, Sayre, Pa. Porella platyphylla, P. navicularis, FrullaniaTamartsct, F. ditata, Radulacomplanata, Parmelia caperata. and Physica stellaris. Miss Wheeler, Chatham, N. Y. Hypuum chrysophyllum, Dicranum Drum- mona, Mrs. Lowe. Noroton, Conn. Thutdium paludosum, Plagtothectum striatel- lum. Anomodon rostratus. The Plant World Now in its sixth year, contains articles that appeal to every one interested in plant life, many of them written by our most prominent naturalists. Among the series of articles appearing we may mention one on American botanical gardens, written by the various directors-in chief; also accounts of collecting trips in Cuba, Porto Rico, ete., and a particularly interesting series on the plant life of Guam and the Philippines. There will also be studies among the various groups of fungi. ‘The most valuable feature of all is an eight page supplement. freely illustrated, describing in proper sequence and in easily understood language all the known families of flowering plants. Subscription Price, $1.00 per Year. SEND A STAMP FOR A SAMPLE Copy. Address THE PLANT WORLD CO., P. O. Box 334, Washington, D. C. NATURE STUDY, A monthly magazine, published under the auspices of the Manchester Insti- tute of Arts and Sciences. Devoted to the encouragement of the study of Nature in her varied aspects—of the Rocks, the Birds, the Flowers, and all the multitude of living things that crawl, or swim, or walk, or fly. Terms fifty cents per annum in advance. NATURE STUDY, Manchester, N. H. WANTED.—Drummond’s Musci Amer. and Sullivant’s Musci Allegh. Address, Mrs. ANNIE MORRILL SMITH, 78 Orange Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. WANTED:—Lichens from North America and Europe are desired. Especially Cetraria. Will buy or exchange. Address, MRS. CAROLYN W. HARRIS, 125 St. Mark’s Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. WANTED.—Hepatice, all kinds, from all localities. Those of South and West especially desired. Address, WM. C. BARBOUR, Sayre, Pa. Prof. V. F. Brotherus, of Helsingfors, Finland, announces that the first series of the mosses collected in Chile and Patagonia by P. Dusén, in 1896-97, is now ready and may be had for $10.00 the century, on application to him at the above address. The specimens are Said to be rich and beautiful. E. G. BRITTON. THE WEST AMERICAN SCIENTIST SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA. Published monthly by C. R. Orcutt, Editor, - - - $1.00 per year. Books &c. wanted in exchange for shells, plants, seeds, &c. FLAS MOSSES WITH A HAND-LENS, By DR. A. J. GROUT. mu It makes the mosses as easy to study as the flowering plants. Eight full-page plates and ninety figures in the text. $1.10 postpaid. Send for sample pages to O. T. LOUIS, 59 Fifth Avenue, New York Cie FOR SALE. Japanese Mosses and Ferns, Each 50 Herbarium Specimens $5.00, postpaid in advance. Sent by mail. Includes rare specimens also those new to America, Address, Mr. GENJI KOYAMA, Higashisakuramachi, Kioto, Tega THE FERN BULLETIN | Is published for all who are interested in our native ferns. It is just the journal for the beginner who wants to know all about how and where they grow, etc. Well illustrated, well printed, well edited. Awarded Grand Prize at Paris. Send for sample copy. THE FERN BULLETIN, Binghamton, N. Y. HAVE YOU SEEN THE Journal of The Maine Ornithological Society? A Quarterly Journal, Full of Interesting Matter on Maine Birds. Now in its 4th Volume. OUR MOTTO: ‘Bird protection, bird study, the spread of the knowledge thus gained; these are our objects.” Fifty Cents per Year. Single Copies Fifteen Cents. send for Free Sample Copy. J. MERTON SWAIN, Editor and Publisher, WATERVILLE, ME. THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER. President, Dr. G. N. Best, Rosemont, New Jersey. Vice-President, Miss Warner, 78 Orange St., Brooklyn, ING, Ws ‘Secretary, Miss Wheeler, Chatham, Columbia Co., N. Y. All interested in the study of Mosses, Hepatics, and Lichens by + ence are invited to join. For further information address the Secr etary. ) | | | sdiscuninnunriarinifeanniedaia/ carinii eee ae Boone V. NUMBER 4 WZ ; WZ Sa JULY, 1902 Sk Tue BRYOLOGIST AN ILLUSTRATED BIMONTHLY DEVOTED TO NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS CONTENTS The Bedatonie, Il., (47lustrated) : Lae Gren; Ge Fissidens grandifrons, (///ustrated) ; : Hea fe Eacee, 56 Lichens—Theloschistes—Pyxine, (///istrated ) Carolyn W. Harris, 59 Seligeria tristichoides, . é : : » fellbs Holzing er, 62 Calliergidium vice Pseudo-calliergon Ren. », Bo Renauld, 64 The Genus Sematophyllum, ; ; é E. G. Britton, C4 Note on a Long Island Moss, ; . E.G. Britton, 66 Current Bryological Literature, ; p A 67 EDITORS : ABEL JOEL GROUT and ANNIE MORRILL SMITH ii = TOT UU UUW UU OU UU UU UU Un ee Published by the Editors, 78 Orange St., Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A. VOUT LL LL PRESS OF MCBRIDE & STERN, 97-99 CLIFF STREET, NEW THE BRYOLOCIST A BIMONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES : HEPATICS AND LICHENS. ALSO OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER OF THE AGGASIZ ASSOCIATION, Subscription Price, $1.00 per year. 20c. per copy. Four issues 1898, 35c. Four issues 1899, 35¢. Together, eight issues, soc. Four issues 1goo, 50c. Four issues rgor, 50c. Four Vols. $1.50. A blue pencil mark here indicates that your subscription has expired. Short articles and notes on mosses solicited from all students of the mosses. Address manu- script to A. J. Grout, Boys’ High School, Brooklyn, N. Y. Address all inquiries and sub- scriptions to Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith, 78 Orange Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Exchange Advs. to subscribers, roc. for 25 words. or advertising space address Mrs. Smith. Check, except NV. Y. City, must contain 10 cents extra for Clearing House charges. Copyrighted 1901, by Annie Morrill Smith. Entered at the Post Office, Brooklyn, N. Y. as Second-Class Mail Matter. MAGNIFIERS. — Hard Rubber Case, Oval Diam. of lens 34" Ie 1%" af. Price .30 .40 .70 1.15 Diam. of lens 5 & 34" 14" &1Yy" 1144" & 13" Price 50 85 1.65 Queen Achromatic Triplet TOuxke 25/00. 14 X 5.00 20 X 5.00 40 x 8.00 Postage prepaid. QUEEN *&CO:, 59 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK CITY. THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER. President, Dr. G. N. Best, Rosemont, New Jersey. Vice-President, Miss Warner, 78 Orange St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Secretary, Miss Wheeler, Chatham, Columbia Co., N. Y. All interested in the study of Mosses, Hepatics, and Lichens by correspond- ence are invited to join. For further information address the Secretary. MAZAMA An illustrated Quarterly Magazine devoted to the Mountains. Published by the Mazamas, an organization of mountain climbers with headquarters in Portland, Oregon, on the 15th of January, April, July and October. Terms one dollar per annum. Address all communications, MAZAMA, Portland, Oregon. LE NATURALISTE CANADIEN Bulletin mensuel, illustré, de recherches, observations et découvertes se rapportant 4 Vhistoire naturelle du Canada. La seule revue scientifique de langue francaise publiée en Amérique. $1.00 par année. Envoi gratuit de numéros spécimens. S’adresser 4 M. L°’ABBE V. A. HUARD, Quebec, Canada. PrCAne vs Moist peristome of Polytrichum Ohioense R.& C. 2. The same dry. 3 Dry peristome of Georgia. 4. The same wet. 5 Four teeth of the peristome ot Catharinea undulata (1..) Web. & Mohr. 8. Dry peris- tome of Barbula amplexa Lesq. 7. A perfect peristome of the same moistened 6 An older peristome of the same moistened. ie Sie Ol O Gis TI’. Vou V. i) CAN, 1902. No. a ; THE PERISTOISE. II. Byes j- -GRoOU Tt, In the article in the April, 1901, BRyoLocisT the structure of the peri- stome in Georgia was discussed and some mention was made of its function. Since writing that article the hygroscopic activities of various types of peri- stome have been investigated with considerable care, necessitating a few -further statements with reference to Georgia. It has long been recognized that moss peristomes are strongly hygro- scopic, z.¢, respond by active motions to any changes in the amount of moisture in their tissues. It has also been recognized in a general way that the peristome played some part in the distribution of the spores and that its hygroscopic activity aids in this work, but very little attention seems to have been paid to the details or to the extreme nicety with which the peristome in different species has been adapted to do its work. The spores of mosses must depend upon currents of air for distribution, hence they must be securely protected from rain or dew, which would mass and clot them together so that they would fall directly to the ground as soon as liberated, to say nothing of the danger of premature germination and decay. 3 Then, again, the spores must be liberated in small quantities so that they wiil not all be discharged at once, but take advantage of breezes from different directions and be sown at various seasons. They must also be well separated or sifted so as to be as widely separated as possible when they finally alight. This sifting of the spores is accomplished by various inter- esting devices which are specially prominent in mosses with pendent or horizontal capsules. In mosses with a double peristome the inner peristome is usually the sieve while the outer protects from water by closing hygro- scopically in wet weather. In mosses with a single peristome both functions are often performed in a very interesting manner by the single row of teeth. In mosses with upright capsules there is less need of a so finely meshed sieve. as the spores will not fall out but will be shaken out after the manner of lily seeds. To assist in this shaking the seta is often almost as elastic when dry as a steel wire and if bent to one side flies back when released with a jerk which scatters a small cloud of spores. In wet weather not only do the peristomes close, much after the manner of Chickweed pods, but the seta be- come soft and flaccid. As the highest development of this sifting arrange- ment is of no special advantage to mosses with an erect capsule, the inner peristome has become more or less vestigial in those mosses which have erect capsules, although they may be most closely related to species having cernuous or pendent capsules with a highly developed inner peri- The May BRYOLOGIST was issued May 18st, 1902. ae Na stome. *Philibert in his masterly treatment of the structure of the peri- stome calls attention to this correlation of symmetric erect capsule with a degenerate peristome but gave no explanation for the very evident facts. In this connection he mentions Axomodon viticulosus, Habrodon Notartsi and Pylatsta polyantha, calling attention not so much to the inner peristome as to the disappearance of the fine horizontal lines which mark the lower outer lamelle of the typical hypnaceous peristome. Most striking illustrations of the correlation of the erect capsule with an im- perfect developed inner peristome are furnished by Brachythectum acu- minatum and its allies, Plagiothectum latebricolor, and the genera Py/aisza, Entodon, Orthothectum, Isothectum and Homalothectum, This also explains why Thuidium and its allies have a perfectly developed inner peristome while most of the Leskeacee, having erect capsules, have also imperfectly de- veloped peristomes. I am inclined to think that this principle, modified by an annual habit of growth, or a very low minute growth, or both, will ex- plain the lack, partial or complete, of a peristome in Physcomitrium, Pottia, Pleuridium, Mollia viridula, and other species of a similar habit and struc- ture. It will also explain the degenerate condition of the peristome in O7- thotrichum and its allies. However, it seems very probable that we not yet fully understand why mosses like Pleurzdzum do not seek the assistance of a peristome in their spore distribution and I would suggest that this ques- tion offers a fascinating field for investigation.. To return to Georgia; its capsules are erect and its four teeth well sepa- rated when dry as seen in Plate 5, Fig. 3. Dip one of the dry capsules in warm water for a moment and see the peristome close like a tiny vise, giv- ing an almost comical impression of grim determination. (Pl. 5, Fig. 4). In Polytrichum the teeth are 64 in number and of themselves are usu- ally so short that they would have little effect upon spore distribution, but they are ail attached by their tips to the expanded membranous upper end of the columella, forming a most effective and ingenious pepperbox, entirely auto- matic in action. When the weather is dry the teeth become shrunken in width and strongly incurved, the collumella also shrinks, pulling the ends of the teeth inwards (Pl. 5, Fig. 2). This leaves ample room for the spores to be shaken through the openings between the teeth. The columella shrinks more at the margin than in the central portion, causing it to assume the shape of a pieplate. This upturned margin of the columella also enables the teeth to remain attached to its edge in their changed position. In species of this family with more nearly erect capsules the teeth are longer and often fewer in number, making the escape of the spores easier. If you take a capsule in the condition represented in Fig. 2 and place it in warm water for a few minutes it will assume the appearance shown in Fig. 1 and no spore can be shaken out, although a carefulexamination of the contents of the capsule will show that the spores are not wetted, as when mounted in water they are still surrounded by an envelope of air. The pepperbox is closed, but how? Kerner von Marilaunt} states that *Rev. Bryologique, 11s 51, 1887. +tNat. Hist. plants, 2; 814. the teeth when wet curve inwards so strongly that the columella is pressed against the mouth of the capsule, closing it effectually. Five minutes study, however, will show any one that the teeth do not curve in when wet but instead straighten up and outwards; the columella also expands and becomes of nearly the same diameter as the capsule. This makes the open- ings lateral instead of terminal. The teeth expand enough laterally so that not a single drop of water can enter or a spore escape. In addition the spores seem to be protécted by the nature of their outer surface, for it takes a very long soaking to wet the spores so that they can be satisfactorily mounted in water for microscopic study. ' In those species of Polytrichum whose ripe capsules become horizontal or pendent (P. commune, P. juniperinum, P. strictum, P. ptliferum) there is a crest down the inner face of the teeth which bears cells which are free at their outer ends, or these cells may be united to each other by their extremities, Lindberg, who was the first to accurately describe these structures, compares them to a minute stag’s horn attached to the inner surface of each tooth. I do not consider it proven that these crests are accessories developed to pre- vent a too free delivery of spores in species with pendent capsules, but I do consider the suggestion one worthy of serious consideration The peristome teeth of the Polytrichacaeae like those of Georgia have none of the joints or articulations which are so conspicuous in the teeth of most mosses. For this reason Mitten has united these two orders into a group which he calls NEMATODONTE# in contrast to the ARTHRODONTE& or jointed-toothed mosses. Asin Georgza the teeth of the Hair-caps consist of a solid mass of cells as is well shown in Fig. A, which shows a cross-sec- tion of a tooth of Polytrichum commune. These cells are very narrow, elongated, and without transverse walls, these prob- ably having been absorbed during the earlier stages of development. These cells thus form narrow elongated fibres passing up one side of the tooth, forming an arch and then passing down the other side, across through the basal membrane to the next tooth and then up that and so on. If one were to take a pen and trace a continuous line around the edges of the Fig. A. Cross section of a tooth teethin Pl. 5, Fig 5,it would well represent of Polytrichum commune. the course of these fibrous cells which are illustrated in cross section in our figure. These lines can be easily seen by examining the peristome under the compound microscope. ‘The continuous fibres are best seen near the edge of the tooth. Plate 5, Figs. 6, 7 and 8 represent different positions of the peristome of Barbulaamplexa Lesq.* As the peristomes were drawn by reflected light the basal membrane was scarcely noticeable. Fig. 7 shows the peristome im- mediately after the removal of the operculum. Fig. 8 shows the ap- *As the peristomes were drawn by reflected light, the basal membrane was scarcely noticeable. — 56 — pearance of the operculum of a dry capsule from which the spores are escaping. The loosely twisted mesh of the narrow teeth forms a perfect sieve to control the escape of the spores. If you place a peristome in this condition under the microscope without mounting medium or cover glass and breathe upon it the teeth will straighten perceptibly. If you dip it in warm water it will assume the original position shown in Fig. 7, if it be comparatively fresh; if it be rather old and somewhat broken it may look like Fig. 6. ‘The perfect cone in Fig. 7 is of course a waterproof covering for the spores inside. | In a succeeding paper the structure and development of the peristome of Barbula will be taken up. FISSIDENS GRANDIFRONS, ITS HABITS AND PROPAGATION. | BY a). aL, In July, 1901, Pzsszdens grandifrons Brid., was obtained from the face of a cliff along the Illinois River, near Utica, Ill. It forms part of the ledge famed in Indian legend as ‘‘Starved Rock.” ‘The bed of moss was kept wet by water oozing from the rock. The stems were uncommonly short, 1.5-4 cm., the average but 2 or 3cm. long. The leaves were about 3x.4-.5 mm., or about the size of those in specimens from Boyne Falls, Mich. They are smaller than those of robust plants from a creek near Bear Lake, Manis- tee Co., Mich. (1880), which are 4X.6-.7 mm. ‘These plants were as usual without fruit, but a careful search disclosed a couple of female flowers, one of which is shown (Fig. 1.). There were Io or 12 archegonia, .6-.8 mm. long. Authorities generally give them as numerous, 30-60 by some. No -paraphyses were seen. ‘The perichetial leaves taper rather abruptly from a broadly oval base to a point of variable length, the point in the longer ones similar to the vertical lamina of an ordinary leaf, but relatively narrower. Flowers in /. grandzfrons are rare. Schimper mentions them as occurring on specimens from Niagara Falls: Boulay, as noticed by Spruce and one or two others on plants from the region of the Pyrenees Mts.; Limpricht, for the territory embraced by his Mossflora, Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, gives only male flowers as occurring. The fruit, as already stated by Mrs. Britton in THE Bryotoeisr for July, 1900, has been found but once, in plants from the N. W. Himalayas. The plants make compensation for this by asexual propasanaas Those from ‘‘Starved Rock” produce axillary buds which grow into rooting shoots. They are found in all stages of development from those just beginning, to shoots with several pairs of leaves (Fig. 3-6). The rhizoids start when the buds are very small and the leaves scale-like, as short blunt brown pro- cesses. They spring from the edges and base of the leaves as well as from the base of the bud-stem and lengthen as the shoot grows. In all cases ob- served these shoots take the place of branches and ultimately become a rooting branch. Owing to the conditions under which the plants were grow- ing on the cliff, they do not generally become detached but strike root and remain in place, forming new stems to replace the old ones, which are brown and decaying at the base. The stems le close on one another and are freely provided with tufts of rhizoids along the under surface. The leaves also form rhizoids from the base of the costa, as shown in Fig. 2. The bed of moss was dirty, being well filled with sand from the disintegrating rock and inwashing by rains of finer material from the soil above. The shoots are thus furnished with a soil in which to root without a change of place, but as their hold on the parent stem is slight, when grown to the size shown in Figs. 5 and 6, they easily become detached and in running water would serve for much wider distribution. This is shown in specimens from Boyne River, on which minute shoots with basal rhizoids are seen. Some of them show but slight adhesion to the stems when but 2 or 3 mm. high. The tufted rhizoids, though present in other places, are more abundant at the base of branches and the beginning of new or annual growths. At points where such growths start the stems are most readily broken, and would most likely divide. The asexual propagation of /. grandifrons does not appear to have been recorded. ‘That of all the Fissidentacee, at least through the medium of brood-organs, is stated by Correns* to be either rare or as yet unobserved; probably the latter. Hecites the case of /. (Conomttrium) Metzgerta (C. Mill.) Par., a semiaquatic species of the eastern Soudan, whose leaves when old bear little tufts of rhizoids on their point and other parts, out of which, Description of figures of /zsstdens grandifrons each X 13. 1. Female flowers. 2. Leaf with basal rhizoids. 3. Very young bud. 4, Bud more advanced. 5. Branch shoot with short axis. 6. Branch shoot ready to be detached. *Vermehrung der Laubmoose durch Brutorgane und Stecklinge, p. 54. — 58 — Miiller thought, plants could probably spring. The cases given by Correns where bits of stems, leaves, and brood-bodies form a protonema, are chiefly concerned with plants under cultivation. /: dryozdes (L.) Hedw. was shown to produce resting branch-primordia (Astanlagen), which he regards ‘as greatly reduced leaves, consisting of a modified costa, and are called brood- leaves. Anexample familiar to moss-students is that of the brood-bodies on the pseudopodia of Aulacomnium palustre. F. grandifrons doubtless partakes of this property, as seen in its ability to form rhizoids on the costa (Fig. 2). As Fig. 4 shows them springing from the leaf-margin, it also partakes of the leaf characters of /. Metzgerta as seen by Miller. Heald*, experimenting with /. dryozdes, found buds borne in the region of the leaf- axils, ‘‘which in course of time were detached from the stems.” ‘This is more like the incipient form of the buds in /. grandifrons, though no pro- tonema may anywhere intervene in the latter. The case of /. faxtfolius (L.) Hedw., where the brood-bodies are root-bulbils formed of rhizoids and are borne on the stems, does not show its analogue in my specimens of /: grandt- frons. The striking case observed by Schimper and by Goebel, in which /. (Conomitrium) Julianus (Sav.) Schimp. bore shoots on the calyptra, may be given in this connection for completeness. Those cultivated by Schimpert bore them on the outer surface without the previous formation of a proton- ema; those observed by Goebelt sprang from the inner surface ‘‘ with the intervention of a short piece of protonema.”’ But the case of this species mul- tiplying by leafy branches, which become detached from the stem, as noticed by Schimper and mentioned by Goebel (p. 147), is like that of /. grandi- frons. Were branches are isolated by decay at their base, and break off from the stems to form new plants.|| Correns, in an enumeration of mosses possessing brood-organs in the region of Limpricht’s flora, mentions this (as Octodiceras Julianum) as one having brood-branches. The substratum on which I have found / grandzifrons differs from those usually given. Nearly all authorities mention limestone. Mrs. Britton says, ‘‘in water saturated with lime, orin mud.” At ‘‘Starved Rock” it was on sandstone. This is the outcropping rock, but it overlies the calciferous formation which comes to the surface not far below in the river valley. But the presence of lime carbonate in the water passing through the bed is shown by quite a thick incrustation on some of the older stems and leaves. The moss in both stations in Michigan was attached to sticks and logs, and the stems mostly immersed. The specimens from Boyne River indicate the presence of lime on the older parts of the stems, chiefly as a thin plate in the fold made by the upward conduplication of the leaves. Those from Barr Creek, Bear Lake, are very clean and quite free from all foreign matter. A slight effervescence from some most favorable bits of stems placed in acid showed the presence of lime. ‘These streams are usually the outlets of little lakes and ponds whose bottoms are often whitened by decaying molluscan shells. Chicago, IIl. *Botanical Gazette, 26: 200, 1898. 4 } +Synopsis Mus. Eurp. p. 123. {Outlines of classification, etc. p. 174. |Goebel in Schenk’s Handbuch der Botanik, 2; 389. LICHENS.—THELOSCHISTES—PYXINE. By CAROLYN W. Harris. Following the classification of Prof. Tuckerman, who is still the author- ity on North American Lichens, Theloschistes and Pyxine complete the fam- ily of Parmeliei which we have been studying in THE Bryotocist, with the exception of one rather doubtful and little known genus, Speerschneidera, represented by only one species S. euploca, Theloschistes is still included in the genus Physcia by many lichenists in Europe. Several species are found growing with Physcia, and the con- trast between the yellow thallus of the Theloschistes and the gray of the Physcia is very effective. All the species of Theloschistes which are de- scribed in this article, have a yellow or greenish-yellow thallus, which is either foliaceous or fruticose. The underpart is always white, or light gray, with clusters of darker rhizoids with which it is attached tothe substratum. Placodium elegans is much like some species of Theloschistes, but the thallus is crustaceous, and a much deeper orange; the apothecia are also smaller and darker; the underside, while pale, is much appressed or wrin- kled and is free from rhizoids. In Theloschistes the apothecia are usually quite large, in several species are very crowded. ‘They are cup-shaped as in Parmelia and Physcia, but the disk is flatter and the thalline rim is thinner. ‘his genus is found on living trees, old fences and on rocks. The yellow color of the thallusis said to be due to the large amount of the gold-colored crystals of chrysophanic acid. THELOSCHISTES CHRYSOPHTHALMUS (L.) NORM. (Fig. 1.) Thallus fruticose, yellow or yellowish- gray, ascendant and tufted. ‘The narrow, linear branches terminated by fibrils. The underside | is a pale gray, appressed, with mats of rhizoids toward the middle which serve as hold-fasts to ME Se the substratum. ‘This lichen, except in color, re- Fig. 1. Theloschistes sembles Ramalina calicaris var. fastigtata. chrysophtalhmus. The apothecia are large, subterminal, the disk is a bright orange color with an entire margin; they are often so numerous as to cover almost the entire thallus. Found on trees in the United States, also in the South and West. THELOSCHISTES CHRYSOPHTHALMUS (L.) NorkM., VAR. FLAVICANS, WALLR. (ig #2:)) his) beautiful, lichen is in inae'S _ color and general appearance much like Vat Ke T. chrysophthalmus, but can be distin- ACY MST RO Rese E> guished from it by its much divided SAND aN ON branches which are long and linear, giv- ing it a more delicate appearance, some- whatresembling Physciaciliarts, except Fig. 2. Theloschistes chrysoph- in color, ‘The thallus is yellow, some- thalmus var, flavicans X2. thmes payith ag erayish tinge... The 2260 pothecia are medium, have a yellow or orange disk with cilia on the margin. Found fertile in the Southern States, and sterile in the North, where it is not common, THELOSCHISTES PARIETINUS (L.) Norm. (Fig. 3.) Thallus foli- aceous, usually orbicular; the lobes, which are short, thin, rounded, crenate and somewhat rugose, turn upward at their mar- gins, otherwise cling closely to the substratum by means of short rhizoids. ~The, apothegia sare smaller than in 7. chrysophthal- mus and are sessile; the disk is Fig. 3. Zheloschistes partetinus X2. orange, with a thin, wavy mar- gin; they are chiefly toward the centre and are crowded. This is one of the commoner species and resembles Parme/za in habit of growth. Is found on trunks and branches of trees, stone walls and rocks, is especially fine near lakes of any size. THELOSCHISTES POLYCARPUS (Ehrh.) Tuckm. (Fig. 4.) Thallus foliaceous, re- duced, with narrow, many cleft divisions, which are short and rounded. In color greenish-yellow, turning darker with age. The underside much wrinkled and covered with short white rhizoids. The apothecia are medium, the disk is concave, bright orange with crenulate margin. They are Fig. 4. Theloschistes often so numerous as to almost cover the potycarpus. lobes of the thallus, except at the outer edge. This species usually occurs in small. orbicular patches, but occa- sionally larger specimens are found; it grows on trees, dead wood and on rocks. ‘THELOSCHISTES LYCHNEUS (Nyl.) Tuckm. (Fig.5) This species is sometimes confused with Cetrarza juniperina var, pinastri which it resembles, but from which it can be distinguished readily, as the thallus of the Cefrarza is larger, more leaf-like, the under- side is always yellow, the soredia Fig. 5. TZheloschistes lychneus. are sulphur color, whilein 7. lych- neus the thallusis flatter, more appressed, light gray underneath and covered with fine rhizoids: the soredia are light lemon color. The lobes of the thal- lus of 7. dychneus are broader than in 7. folycarpus, and are not quite = Gis so deep a yellow or orange. Apothecia are not common, but soredia are frequent, covering the curled over margins of the lobes so that they are very granular. Found on rocks, but more frequently on living trees, especially on old elms. THELOSCHISTES CONCOLOR (Dicks.) Tuckm. Thallus foliaceous with very narrow, finely dissected, branchiug lobes of uniform width, adhering closely- to the substratum. Greenish-yellow in color, white on the underside, with short, white rhizoids. The apothecia are small, sessile and not very numer- ous, occasionally fibrillose; disk the same color as the thallus, with an entire margin. This is a very common species, found in all parts of North America on trees and rocks. , THELOSCHISTES CONCOLOR (Dicks.) Tuckm., var. EFFUSE Tuckm. This: species is a reduced form of 7. concolor. ‘The thallus is more squamulose and scattered, with powdery margins, appearing very much like a very small form of 7. lychneus. It is found on trees, usually in little scattered yellow patches. PYXINE resembles Physcia in general appearance, as well as Parmelia, but the thallus is much thinner and clings more’ closely to the substratum, There are only a few species of Pyxine, and many lichenists do not con- sider it asSeparate genus. We have only two species which are common in North America, The apothecia are small and sessile, with a pruinose or black disk whose margin is wavy. PYXINE PICTA’ (Sw.) “Tuckm, (Fig. 6.) Thallus closely adnate to the substratum, with thin, confluent, flattened lobes, the older portion wrinkled and warty; gray or green- ish-white on the upperside, and black underneath. The apothecia are small and sessile, with a pruinose or black disk, and thick thalline bor- der, which is crenate. Found on trees and dead wood in the Southern States. PY SINE, SOREDIATAS Hr, (Fig. 7.)

). Grout) has insted “ Raphi- dostegtum admistum (Sull.) from peaty soil near swamp at Jamaica,.’”’ The name was printed in heavy faced type and intended to be a new combina- tion, but this combination had already been made by Kindberg, (Bryin. Eu. & N.A.I: 64. 1897) and also by Renauld and Cardot in 1900 in Heller’s Plants of Porto Rico, (nos. 4356and 4496.). Dr. Grout has furnished me with — 67 — specimens from Long Island, which have been compared with H. admistum Sull. (C. Wright, Cuban Mosses no. 121). They are quite unlike, and the Long Id. species seems to be referable to one of the smaller Plagzothe- clace@, on account of the absence of the large inflated, alarcellsof the leaves, so characteristic of Raphidostegium, ‘They apparently agree with no. 429 Austin’s Musci Appalachiani from swampy bog near Closter, N. J., Sept. 1865. According to my understanding of this species it is referable to /sop- lerygium, Mitt. and the synonymy is as follows: ISOPTERYGIUM MICANS (Sw.). Hypnum micans Sw. Adnot. Bot. 175. 1829. flypnum micans Sw. Muhl, Cat. roo, 1813. Nomen nudum. Hypnum albulum CM. Syn. Musc. 23280. 1851. flypnum (Raphidostegtum) albulum Sull. Mosses U. S. 671. 1856. Hypnum albulum CM. Sull. Icon. Musc. 179, ¢. rz2. 1864. Rhynchostegium micans, Aust Bot. Gaz. 1: 30. 1875. Rhynchostegium micans Sull. Rau. & Herv. Cat. 45, 1880. lsopterygium albulum, Jaeg. Adumb. 436, 1876-1877. Raphidostegtum mticans Ren, & Card. Musc. Am. Sept. 54. 1893. Raphidostegium albulum (CM.) Br. & Sch. Sull. & Lesq. Musci bor. Am. 302. 1856. As Sullivant and Lesquereux issued their labels for the Musci Boreali. Americani in book form, this last citation constitutes publication. I have not seen types of either //, mzveans Sw. or H, albulum C. M. [This species has since been collected at Lawrence, L. Id., on rotten wood in wooded swamps. Det. G. N. Best.—A. J. G.] CURRENT LITERATURE. In the Bulletin of the New York Botanical Gardens, No. 6, May 27, 1901, Mr. R. S. Williams presents an enumeration of the mosses collected by him in Yukon territory in 1898-99. This list is very interesting, both from the number of species and the extension of range as well as from the number of new species described. Our space, however, will permit our reprinting only the species new to North America and those of special interest for other reasons, These are reprinted verbatim. Judging from Mr. Williams’ work on Brachythecium as noted in the last BryoLocist he is somewhat liberal in his views as to what constitutes a new species; otherwise his work seems wholly commendable and is presented in a clear, careful manner, Neale Gis Andreaea petrophila acuminata Schimp. Lake Lindeman. All the specimens examined seemed to be dioicous, The papille vary greatly on different leaves, often being very prominent on young leaves and scarcely visible on old specimens (523). Andreaea petrophila parvifolia (Muell.) Sheep camp, Dyea Creek. These specimens are from the original locality of farvifolza and agree with a bit of the original collection from Herb. Mueller. They differ from fetro- ==) 68) == phila in having rather smailer leaves and mostly dioicous flowers, the ¢ plants being more branching than the ¢ and bearing three or four antheri- dial buds; paroicous plants occur, however, and there seems to be no reason for considering it other than a variety as above given (519). Cynodontium torquescens (Bruch) Limpr. Lake Lindeman, on thin earth over rock. Dawson, on rock. Leaves papillose, up to 3 mm. long, twice longer and much narrower-pointed than in a/festris, Inner periche- tial leaves longer-pointed and less clasping than in gvaczlescens, foliage leaves also narrower above. The perigonium, of two leaves, close under the perichetium or almost at its side (526). Cynodontium strumtiferum(Ehrh.) DeNot. Lake Lindeman. In crevices of rock (528). Oncophorus virens nigrescens (Schimp.). (Cynodontium virens nigres- cens Schimp.) A depressed, blackish variety growing on the margin of an alpine pond just below snow banks about 1000 ft. above Lake Lindeman (791). Dicranum angustum Lindb,. Sterile specimens collected at Lake Linde- man in swamps and found in good fruit at Dawson in July. This is a more slender plant than scofarzum with erect-spreading, nearly straight, smooth and entire leaves, giving a somewhat bristly appearance to the stems. The leaf-cells are elongated throughout often from 4 to 8 times longer than wide in upper leaf, with walls strongly porose, at least below. Nerve indistinct and narrow a short distance above base. Perichetial leaves abruptly nar- rowed to asmooth subulaabout 4the lengthof blade. Capsule short, curved, furrowed. Annulus of one or two rows of cells. Spores slightly roughened, up to about .023-mm. Kindberg gives this asa plant of northern Europe, occurring principally in Norway, Finland and Lapland (539). Dicranum majzus orthophyllum Al, Br. Fruiting specimens collected at Lake Lindeman. This variety with nearly straight, erect-spreading leaves bears little resemblance to the beautiful falcate-leaved mazus. The leaves of the Lindeman specimens measure up to 84 mm. long, with mar- . gins serrulate in upper + and vein somewhat rough on back with low papille. Leaf-cells elongated throughout and porose nearly to apex, costa percurrent, .045 to .o80 mm. wide a little above the broadened base. Cap- sules clustered, up to 5in the same perichetium (544). Ditrichum giganteum R.S. Williams, sp. nov. Dioicous. Growing in large cushions up to 12 cm. high, usually of a yellowish-green color. Upper stem leaves up to 7 mm, long, narrowly sub- ulate above, sharply denticulate at apex and more or less serrulate or crenu- late on border about 4 down, also often rough on back above. Inner perichzetial leaf truncately narrowed to a denticulate subula about equaling the broad part in length. Cell walls thickened throughout except in and near margin at base. Cells in upper leaf 3-5 times longer than wide with rounded ends, in middle near margin, short and irregular, often not or scarcely elongated, toward base several rows in margin narrowly rectangu- lar, 8-ro times longer than wide, with thin walls, within the cells become — much wider, thick-walled and near costa, mostly pitted. Capsule oblong- cylindrical, not quite symmetrical, with conical lid 3 its length and broad annulus of 3 rows of cells. Three or 4 rows of elongated cells about mouth of capsule, below the cells becoming irregularly oblong to rectangular, mostly 2-4 times longerthan wide. Teeth pale, very papillose, rather broad and irregular, without distinct articulations. (Plate 15). This plant is closely related to flexzcaule with which it has been associ- ated both in this country and Europe, and some of the larger forms of /lexz- caule approach it very closely but I have not yet seen any with such long, slender, serrulate leaves with inner perichetial leaf truncately narrowed to sodentate a subula. ‘lhe color and size alone are usually sufficient to sepa- rate the plant. Macoun’s no. 66 is this species, also Leiberg’s 232. In Eu- ropean collections, ‘‘485 Jack, Leiner and Sitzenberger Kryp. Badens,” ‘‘a” is this and ‘‘c” is flexricaule. 1307 Rabenhorst, Bry. Eur. looks much like this but is Dzcranodontium,. ‘111 Bryotheca Silesiaca” and ‘‘1r1r Wilson, Musci Brit.” are this species. Sterile specimens only were collected at Dawson. ‘The description is drawn up from specimens collected at Columbia Falls, Mont., July, 1892. In the plate the teeth are probably figured too short, the only available speci- men being in poor condition. The plant grows on both earth and rock and rarely fruits (568). Bryobrittonia R. S. Williams, gen. nov. Closely related to Zortula and Desmatodon from which it is distin- guished by the mamillose leaves, the exposed surfaces of the distinct cells being highly convex. From TZ7zchostomum and Timmiella it is distin- guished by the costa with only one stereid band; the first of these also has the leaves smooth or papillose and the second has a leaf lamina of 2 layers of cells, mamillose on the upper surface only. _ This genus is dedicated to Mrs. Elizabeth G. Britton, by whose aid so many American students of our mosses have been encouraged. Bryobrittonia pellucida 8. R. Williams, sp. nov. With much the habit of Zortula latzfolia but leaves much longer and narrower above. Stems mostly simple, radiculose below, in loose, rather dark green tufts up to 2 cm. high, in cross-section irregularly oval (about .320 mm. long) with walls of 2 or 3 rows of slightly thickened irregular cells, ground tissue of large thin-walled cells, surrounding a distinct central strand of numerous small thin-walled cells. Terminal leaves (often enclos- ing numerous long paraphyses-like hairs) oblong lanceolate, up to 7.5 mm. long and 1.5 mm. broad, plicate and somewhat crispate when dry or rarely nearly straight, mamillose on both faces except dorsal side of costa, crenu- late-serrate on flat borders in upper half, obtusely or somewhat acutely pointed, with stout costa (.140 mm. wide near base) long-decurrent on stems and vanishing several cells below apex. Lower leaves ovate-oblong (about 3mm. long). Leaf-cells above rhomboidal to hexagonal, about .o16 mm. in diameter, becoming gradually elongated below and hyaline, the cells near margin a little above base .004-.006 mm. wide and up to .160 long, toward — 70 — costa .020-.025 mm. wide and up to .100 mm. or more long. Cross-sections of costa show in the ventral half about 4 guide-cells with a few accessory cells or even I or 2 rows of accessory cells nearly as large, in addition to the row of mamillose cells on ventral surface. The dorsal half of costa consists of a stereid band, the outer row of cells a little larger than the others with a distinct central strand of small, irregular, thin-walled cells. (Plate 16.) Yukon River bluff, just below Dawson. Collected April 6, 1899, on rock (587). | Funartia hygrometrica arctica Berggrn. Lower Klondike River. The specimens are mostly from 12 to 20mm. high. Spores up to.o24mm. The spores of Aygrometrica run up to .o16 or .o18 mm, (691). Bryum Dawsonense R. 8, Williams, sp. nov. Synoicous and autoicous. Tufts low, 1.5 cm. high, and dense. Stems branching. Outer perichaetial leaves ovate-lanceolate, upper stem leaves ovate, about 2.5 mm. long with costaexcurrent the length of 2 or 3 short cells. Lower stem leaves much smaller and costa not quite percurrent. Leaves entire, or sometimes minutely serrulate towards apex with revolute margins from base to near apex or in very young or lower leaves margins scarcely revolute. Marginal cells % down in upper leaves narrowed and much elong- ated in 2 or 4 rows but only slightly changed toward apex. Inner perichaetial leaves small, lanceolate pointed, with percurrent costa. Median leaf-cells rhomboidal to hexagonal, mostly 2 or 3 times longer than broad, about .o50 mm. long. Lower cells sometimes pitted. Capsule with lid up to 2.5 mm. Jong. Sporangium oblong, scarcely or not contracted below mouth and rather abruptly narrowed when dry to the shorter collum. Peri- stome yellowish below, the lower plates of teeth mostly twice wider than high, gradually becoming nearly square above; lamellae 16-18, irregularly connected by 1-3 cross walls between adjoining lamellae; segments narrow and narrowly perforated, separated by mostly 2 cilia, alittie shorter and often long appendiculate. Annulus broad, of 3 rows of cells. About 3 rows of transversely elongated cells about mouth of capsule, the cells near middle becoming somewhat rectangular and in collum scarcely elongated and sinu- ous walled, with oblong stomata about .og4o mm. long. Spores smooth or nearly so, up to .025 mm. (Plate 17.) Dawson, on damp earth. In good fruit Aug. 28, 1898. This plant is un- doubtedly close to pendulum differing in the short pointed leaves, more dis- tinctly bordered and in the long cilia, some of which are finely appendiculate (585). M. Philibert left mein doubt as to just what he considered this plant and I have finally ventured to describe it as a distinct species rather than a variety of pendulum. Bryum conditum R. 8. Williams, sp. nov. Dioicous. Male plants discoid. ‘Tufts up to 3.5 cm. high. Stems and branches more or less radiculose. Outer perichaetial leaves oblong-lance- olate, with a gradually narrowed base, up to 4.5 mm. long. Upper stem leaves a little shorter with broader base, all entire, with costa excurrent for a a length of 3 or 4cells and a brown revolute border of thick-walled cells in double layer, confluent with the costa. Lower stem leaves much smaller with costa vanishing. Inner perichaetial leaves very broad, the width very often equal to 4, or more, of the length and costa percurrent. Median leaf- cells mostly hexagonal, 2 to 4 times longer than wide, up to .07o mm. long. Cell walls rather thick, scarcely pitted or sometimes distinctly so both above and below. Capsule with lid up to 5.5 mm. long. Sporangium not con- tracted below mouth, mostly somewhat gradually narrowed to collum and about equalling itin length. Lid low-convex, not mamillate. Annulus of 3 or 4 rows of cells. Exostome pale golden-yellow below with dorsal plates - near base 3 to 4 times wider than high and 26 to 28 lamellae on ventral side not joined by cross walls. Endostome free, with basal membrane extend- ing % up, segments broadly pointed with 8 to 10 narrow perforations, well developed celia broad, solitary, 2 or 3 rows of cells wide, with apex some- times slightly split or shorter and imperfect. About three rows of trans- versely elongated cells about mouth of capsule, the cells toward middle becoming rectangular (3 or 4 to 1) and near base short and irregular with ob- long stomata about .ogomm. long. Spores smooth, up to.oz24mm. (Plate 18.) On rocky hillside between Cafion City and Sheep Camp, on Dyea Creek, March 28, 1898. This plant comes nearest w/igznosum, 1 believe, but differs in the more pointed leaf with more distinct and revolute border, pitted leaf- cells, blunt lid,more developedinner peristome and dioicous inflorescence (578). This plant was wholly unnamed by M. Philibert, and I should have been greatly pleased to have given his name to the species, but it does not seem to be available in this connection. Bryum submuticum Philibert, sp. nov. Dioicous. Male flowers bud-like with leaves ovate and more or less spreading but not reflexed near middle, abruptly much smaller on stem be- low Plants growing in extensive mats 2 or 3 cm. thick, stems scarcely branched, felted together with a dense mass of radicles below. Outer peri- chaetial leaves 2144 mm. long, ovate, somewhat acutely pointed with costa percurrent or excurrent the length of 1 or 2 short cells, upper stem leaves a ‘little shorter and costa vanishing just below apex, all entire or nearly so with a distinct revolute border of about 3 rows of long narrow cells near middle, towards apex the margins flat and cells not much elongated. Inner peri- chaetial leaves ovate-lanceolate with costa vanishing just below apex. Median leaf-cells about .035 mm, long and % as broad, lower cells short rect- angular (about 1-1% or 2). Cell walls all somewhat thickened but not pitted. Capsule with lid up to 24% mm. long, slightly narrowed under the mouth, the sporangium gradually narrowed to a shorter collum, Exostome pale yellow below. Plates of teeth narrow (about 1-3) near base, lamella from 25-30. Basal membrane of endostome extending % up, the segments broadly perforated and separated by mostly 3 appendiculate cilia. Two or 3 rows of transversely elongated cells about mouth of capsule, the cells near middle broad, often scarcely elongated with somewhat sinuous walls, at base very irregular and sinuous walled, Oblong stomata about .035 mm. long. Smooth spores up to.o1gmm. Annulus of 4 rowsof cells. (Plate 109). — 72 — This species is quite near the preceding variety but still smaller and more slender. The leaves are broader, shorter pointed, more entire, and costa more frequently vanishing just below point (584). In the Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club for April, 1900, pp. 202-211, Mr. Stephen Conrad Stuntz publishes a Revision of the North American Genus Eleutera Beauv., which is the name he gives to our old friend Neckera. He adds no new species to our list (for which we thank him) and reduces /V. oligocarpa to a variety of fennata. With this reduction almost any one willagree who has ever had the opportunity to carefully compare the two. Mr. Stuntz changes the specific name of two species, complanata, 1763, to ornithopodiotdes (Scop.), 1760, and uudulata to Jamatcensis (Emel.), 1791. As Hedwig’s undulata dates from 1792 and has been in general use for 108 years we hope that these 108 years of use will ultimately outweight the single year of priority. ; Two varieties described since the publication of the L. & C. Manual are included, Weckera Menztiesit limnobtoides R. & C. and N. pennata pterantha (C. M. & Kindb.). Descriptions of both these varieties are printed in Barnes and Heald’s Keys. WV. Menzztestt amblyclada Kindb,. and N. Douglasiz Macouni Kindb, are both reduced to their species. ) ‘*No North American specimens of £. Fontinalotdes (N. pumila) have been seen and it is likely that Bruch and Schimper were wrong in crediting it to North America. WV. Ludovicte and NV. cymbzfolza are referable to PzZo- trichum, as is probably . Florzdana also, although all the specimens ex- amined bearing this name in herbaria are really £. dzsticha.” The work of revision appears to have been well and carefully done and will be welcomed by every working Bryologist for its descriptions and notes on distribution, which are much superior to any previously accessible. Ao eG: 1. ATRICHUM LESCURII James. Mr. E. S. Salmon, in No. 15 of Bryological Notes (Journal of Botany, October, 1901), shows that this species referred by Mitten to Oligotrichum, made by Kindberg the type of his new genus Bartramiopsis (Rev. Bry. 1894) and referred by Hagen and Jensen to their new genus Philocrya (Med- del. am Groenland, XV., 1898), belongs certainly to R. Brown’s older genus Lyellia, coming close to Lyellza crispba R.Br. Its right name becomes there- fore Lyellia Lescuri (James) E. S. Salmon, both Bartramiopsis and Philo- crya being merged in Lyellia. 2. HYyPNUM LENTUM Mitt. In No. 24 of his Bryological Notes (Journal of Botany, January, 1902), having seen Mr. Mitten’s material, Mr. Salmon shows that this is identical with Scleropodium caespitosum (Wils.) and so must become a synonym of it, a condition which Dr. Grout surmised in his Revision of North American species of Scleropodium (1899). Mr. H. N. Dixon adds his weight of con- servative judgment to Mr. Salmon’s in recognizing not even varietal rank for A, lentum. Joun M. Houzincer. OFFERINGS.- [To chapter members only—for postage. | 7 Thomas A. Bonser, Carey, Ohio. Hedwigta albicans, Drummondia pro- repens, Hyp. imponens, Porella platyphlla. . Mrs. J. D. Lowe, Noroton, Ct. Ayp: uncinatum, H. fertile, H, Halda- nianum, Amblystegium adnatum, Miss A. L. Crockett, Camden, Maine. Azdreaea petrophila, Polytrichum Juniperinum. W.C. Burbour, Sayre, Pa. Dztrichum torttle. A.J. Grout. Catharinea crispa, cfr. The Plant World Now in its sixth year, contains articles that appeal to every one interested in plant life, many of them written by our most prominent naturalists. Among the series of articles appearing we may mention one on American botanical gardens, written by the various directors-in chief; also accounts of collecting trips in Cuba, Porto Rico, etc.. and a particularly interesting series on the plant life of Guam and the Philippines. There will also be studies among the various groups of fungi. The most valuable feature of all is an eight page supplement, freely illustrated, describing in proper sequence and in easily understood language all the known families of flowering plants. Subscription Price, $1.00 per Year- SEND A STAMP FOR A SAMPLE Copy. Address THE PLANT WORLD CO., P. O. Box 334, Washington, D. C. FOR SALE. Japanese (Mosses and Ferns, Each 50 Herbarium Specimens $5.00, postpaid in advance. Sent by mail. Includes rare specimens also those new to America. 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BIELON; 83 Bryum proligerum, 4 : : : ; : Ae Ms.” 84 A Note, ; : : ‘ : : : : = ie a So 85 EDITORS : ABEL JOEL GROUT and ANNIR MORRILL SMITH fe Current Bryological Li gig veces ; 3 : f : é 86 C ti c Published by the Ellitors, 78 Orange St., Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A. fl i i PRESS OF MC-BRIDE & STERN, 97-99 CLIFF STREET, NEW YORK. fener oe “i ; is by P oe a” ta ae co a7 oa ‘es “ if Pe hs, | eee Nene om el. : cols, Wake i" bj ip ‘er i A BIMONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS, ALSO OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER OF THE AGGASIZ ASSOCIATION. Subscription Price, $1.00 per year. 20c. per copy. Four issues 1898, 35c. Four issues 1899, 35¢. Together, eight issues, soc. Four issues 1900, soc. Four issues rgo1, 50c. Four Vols. $1.50. A vlue pencil mark here indicates that your subscription has expired. Short articles and notes on mosses solicited from all students of the mosses. Address manu-— script to A. J. Grout, Boys’ High School, Brooklyn, N. VY. Address all inguirees and sub- scriptions to Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith, 78 Orange Street, Brooklyn, N. VY. Exchange Advs. to subscribers, 10c. for 25 words. For advertising space address Mrs. Smith. Check, except VV. Y. City, must contain ro cents extra for Clearing House charges. Copyrighted 1901, by Annie Morrill Smith. Entered at the Post Office, Brooklyn, N. Y., as Second-Class Mail Matter. MAGNIFIERS. Hard Rubber Case, Oval Diam. of lens 34" as 114" at Price 30 .40 .70 1.15 Diam. of lens 5 & 34" 1%" & 1Yy" 1" & 134" Price .50 85 1.65 Queen Achromatic Triplet 10 X 5,00 14.X 5.00 20X 5.00 40 x 8.00 Postage prepaid. OUBEN *&.4CO,, 59 Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK CITY. THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER. President, Dr. G. N. Best, Rosemont, New Jersey. Vice-President, Miss Warner, 78 Orange St., Brooklyn, N. Y. Secretary, Miss Wheeler, Chatham, Columbia Co., N. Y. . All interested in the study of Mosses, Hepatics, and Lichens by correspond- ence are invited to join. For further information address the Secretary. MAZAMA An illustrated Quarterly Magazine devoted to the Mountains. Published by the Mazamas, an organization of mountain climbers with headquarters in Portland, Oregon, on the 15th of January, April, July and October. Terms one collar perannum. Address all communications, MAZAMA, Portland, Oregon. LE NATURALISTE CANADIEN Bulletin mensuel, illustré, de recherches, observations et découvertes se rapportant 4 histoire naturelle du Canada. La seule revue scientifique de langue francaise publiée en Amérique. $1.00 par année. Envoi gratuit de numéros spécimens. S’adresser 4 M. L’ABBE V. A. HUARD, Quebec, Canada. Buxbaumia. Diphyscium Tab. suppl. 1. WA AN fees Ne 8 - —— See Seo | Wd a = AG oa ~ ( ee ae : i —— B. undusiata D. folrosum Qutead mat Lelia Be pile © Sizer, tcactoug- Explanation of Plate VI. (Reduced from the Bryologia Europea) B. aphylla: t, magnified vertical section of the capsule; 2, pseudannulus in vertical section more highly magnified, c, lower part of internal peristome, e, epidermis of capsule: 3, greatly magnified portion of pseudannulus showing the rudimentary peristome at b and also at fig. 4; 5, cells of the pseud- annulus. Pie ee mia lS Tl: Vous V . SEPTEMBER, 1902. No. 5. THE PERISTO/SE. III. Ys, jee GROUT: There can be no doubt that there is no exact homology between the peri- stomes of the Nematodonteae and those of the Arthrodonteae, for the teeth of the former are composed of masses of cellular tissue while those of the latter are composed of the thickened tangential cell walls (i.e., the cell walls parallel to the walls of the operculum) of one or more layers of cells. ‘The joints or articulations from which this type of peristome takes its name are the places of intersection of these tangential walls with the horizontal cell walls forming the top and bottom of the cells. The rest of these horizontal walls and the entire vertical radial walls (i.e., those forming the sides of the - cells) have been absorbed. If one were to take a pyramid consisting of a sin- gle row of rectangular boxes of graduated sizes and after fastening one side of them together ina straight line should knock away the other walls he would get a good idea of the formation of the arthrodont peristome, A nar- row strip of the tops and bottoms must be left between the remaining sides to represent the articulations and the result would be comparable to only one-half a tooth of the outer peristome of Hypnum. Thenif both sides be covered with a layer of plaster it will represent the thickenings laid on the original cell wall to form the lamellae. While the arthrodont and nematodont types of peristome seem very dis- tinct, there seems to be something of a connecting link in the peristomes of the Buxbaumiaceae as typified by the peristome of Buxrbaumia indusiata. This peristome consists of an inner and an outer peristome, the inner of a plaited cone, truncate and with a narrow opening at the top, apparently for | the gradual escape of spores, but Braithwaite quotes Zukal to the effect that the spores cannot escape through this narrow opening. ‘This may be so in Buxbaumia, I have not had sufficient suitable material io decide for myself, but in the closely related Wedbera sesstlis the spores certainly are dispersed through this narrow opening, though some of them may remain until the capsule decays as in Buxbaumia. : This inner cone is composed of a thin membrane made of the thickened tangential cell walls of one of the layers of cells and is plaited or folded like B, industata: 1 and 2, peristome; 3, pseudannulus (a) and peristome (b)in vertical section, c, internal peristome; 4 and 5, teeth of external peristome: 6, portion of the same more highly magnified; 7-11, different transverse sections of the teeth of the external peristome. WD. foliosum (Webera sessitlts): D1, peristome magnified: D2, a single tooth; D3, vertical section of the peri- stome, operculum, and capsule wall: D4, folds of the internal peristome in transverse section. The July BRYOLOGIST was issued July 1st, roq02. a half opened fan. The structure of this cone is most easily understood by consulting Plate VI, Fig. D1. The structure of this is almost exactly like that of Buxbaumia shown on a smaller scale at 2 under B. zndusiata. It corresponds very closely in structure and development to the basal mem- brane of the inner peristome of Bryum and Hypnum and their allies, only in Buxbaumia the upper part is continuous instead of being broken up into segments and cilia. The teeth of the outer peristome are constructed much like those of the ordinary arthrodont type. They are well illustrated in figs. 4, 5 and 6 under B.industata, and are shown in cross-section in figs. 7, 8,9, 10 andi1, In these last figures the original cell walls are indicated by the lighter T shapedcentral portion while the remainder consists of the thickening added on and forming the plates or lamellae. The top of the Tis the tangential wall while the stem is a portion of a vertical radial wall included between the lamellae. But instead of a single row of these teeth there are several as shown in fig. 2 un- der B, industata. Outside of these teeth and between them and the outer wall of the capsules is a mass of cells which is called the crown or pseudan- nulus, which may perform the functions of an annulus but is in no way homologous with it (2. zzd. 3). M. Philibert considered these cells and the several rows of teeth as homologous with the outer rows of cells in the teeth of the Nematodonteae, the several rows of teeth being composed of the thickened papillose tangential walls of a portion of the peristomial tissue while the pseudannulus corresponds to the outer layers of the same. This view is borne out by &. aphyl/a in which the outer teeth are almost lacking and the pseudannulus is much thicker and is thickened and papil- lose on its inner cell walls. According to this view then, the peristome of Buxbaumia is formed of tissue homologous to that of the teeth of Polytri- chum by the thickening of the tangential walls of a few rows of cells and the absorption and disappearance of the restof the tissue. Apparently these outer teethin Buxbaumia have no function and consequently have not become fixed by natural selection. At any rate they are immensely variable in all thespe- cies. In &. aphy/l/a the outer teeth are scarcely present at all. In the closely related Wedera sesst/is the inner peristome is essentially the same as in Bux- baumia except that the folds are but 16 and there is but one rudimentary outer row of teeth, thus approximating to the arthrodont type. How Lind- berg, C. Mueller, and Braithwaite can deny the close relationship of these two genera in the face of Schimper’s figures reproduced here is a mystery to me, While this type of peristome is evidently intermediate between the nematodont and the arthrodont types, M. Philibert’s conclusion that it rep- resents a primitive type needs to be considered with a good deal of caution in view of its evident functional and structural degeneracy. ‘The variation - which Philibert notes as probably preceding the fixed types of the Arthro- donteae may as well be explained by degeneracy. When we consider how many other species of mosses with a similar habit,e.g. Pottza, Physcomitrium, Pleuridium, and Mollia viridula, have degenerated in respect to their peristomes, it lends added weight to the oe of the degeneracy of the peristomes of the Bbuxbaumiaceae. PraTE VII.—BRACHYTHECIUI NELSONI n. sp. — 76 — BRACHYTHECIUM NELSONI n. sp. BY A) jv GRoua. Plants with the facies of undersized Lrachythectum rivulare, but not dendroid. Stems 5-8 cm. long, irregularly to subpinnately branching. Stem leaves erect-spreading, triangular-ovate, long and slenderly acuminate, I.5-2 x about 0.6mm., slightly concave with margins turned inwards towards the apex, slightly serrulate at extreme apex. Branch leaves similar to the stem leaves but smaller and usually proportionately narrower, the upper often serrate above, decurrent, with a large area of abruptly enlarged and inflated alar cells which are separated from the ordinary cells by a narrow band of much smaller oblong cells. These alar.cells are much like those of B. rivulare, except that they occupy a larger area; median and apical cells much as in &. rzvulare, costa stout at base, rapidly narrowing in the lower portion, extending about two-thirds the length of the leaf. Perichaetial leaves slightly costate. Apparently dioicous. Sporophyte not differing essentially from that of B.rivulare. La Plata Mines, Wyoming, Aug. 25,1898. Coll Elias Nelson, no. 5172. Com. J. M. Holzinger. Apparently growing on humus. Typein herb. A, J. G. This plant is very close to 8. r¢vu/are but differs distinctly in its tri- angular long acuminate leaves, which are different from any I have ever seen on any of the hundreds of specimens of B rzvu/are which I have ex- amined. Theinflated alar cells are also much more numerous, extending well toward the costa. DESCRIPTION OF PLATE VII. a, Plant of &. Velsonzx 1%. b&c, Capsules x8. d& e, Stem leaves oar B. Nelsoni: a’ & e’, of B. revulare. f, g, & h, Branch leaves from upper middle, lower middle, and base respectively of branch of B&B. Welsonz: f/, g/, & h’, same of &. rivulare, k, Large branch leaf of B&B, Nelsonz. 1, Alar cells of B. Nelsonz: V, of B. rtvulare. m, Median cells of B&B. Welsonz: m’, of B. rivulare. LUNULARIA CRUCIATA IN FRUIT. By (JULIA sD SHINN. Although described as always sterile in America, Lunularia cruciata has yielded to the ‘glorious climate of California” and quantities of the tiny white tufts that conceal the young archegonia were to be seen during this last April and May in the great lath-house of the California Nursery Com- pany at Niles. There, asin many large American greenhouses, the Lunu- laria is a.great nuisance, rapidly covering the surface of the half-buried pots and of the earth between them. The air of the lath-house is of course fresher than in a glass house, the ground is kept damp and it is rather darker than under glass. ‘This house is used principally as a shelter for camellias, azaleas and the more tender conifers such as araucarias. Possibly the con- ditions suitable to these plants approach those of the European habitats of the Lunularia., While in the damper parts of the house this hepatic grows with ordinary luxuriance, in the higher, more nearly dry parts, the thallus is a little smaller, the characteristic, crescent-shaped gemmae cups less numerous. In this dryer portion, the first week in April I found many of the little white tufts, until then quite new to me. Examination under a microscope showed a tiny green center so small that I could not be sure of its nature, though’Dr. Howe’s descriptions,—‘‘ 9 receptacle arising from a deep sinus of the thallus, surrounded when young and sessile by a tubular-ovate sheath, consisting of numerous scales, the in- ner of these membraneous, hyaline, ciliate-fimbriate’’—suited exactly. Two weeks later I again visited the iath-house. By this time the tufts had doubled in size and there were many androecii, full sized but not quite mature. In another week the young archegonia were distinctly four-parted and rounded. Evidently many of them had been fertilized. Some of those that I had taken home and put under glass had grown, but not nearly as much as the undisturbed ones. On the 9th of May I found eleven perfected ‘‘ fruits’’ in the lath-house, and many approaching perfection. Of one, indeed, the capsules had burst. the spores were gone, and only a few brown threads of elaters still clung to the ends of the valves. | It is a beautiful thing,—the ‘‘delicate, pellucid, pilose peduncle” with the four or five tubular segments each tipped with a pendant brown capsule —infinitely more lovely than any printed description or dried herbarium specimen could tell. Niles, California, BRYOLOGICAL MILLINERY. sy (CORA Elba (CrARKE: I wonder if the members of the Sullivant Moss Chapter have seen bon- nets and hats made of real moss? An enterprising member of a Boston Botanical Class went to Jordan and Marsh’s to investigate the matter, and found, on the counter where fancy braids of various material were sold for the composition of hats and bonnets, two styles of moss braid. One was in the shape of a green band, nearly three inches wide, the price of which was 25 cts.a yard. Examining this at our Botany Group, we discovered it to be composed of sprigs of moss two or three inches long, with short side branches. ‘These sprigs were evidently laid side by side and then fastened together by nine rows of coarse stitching, running the length of the band, and done with coarse cotton thread. (I wonder that green thread was not used for this purpose). When we picked some bits out and examined the moss, we found that it resembled A. Schreberz, but without the red stem—it agreed very nicely with the description of Hypnuum purum, a species which does not occur in this country, but we found it described in ‘‘ Dixon.” Ina yard of the band, we found but two fruits. The other preparation of moss looks like a long cord of green chenille, not quite half an inch in diameter. It sells for ten cents a yard. The bits of brown moss mixed with the green are a darker brown than those of the —738— fypnum, and the whole effect is a darker green. The stiff little moss sprigs radiate from a central axis of white cotton stitches which makes a core to the cord; after they were thus fastened together, the surface was evidently clipped all around, to make aneven cylinder. A few little fruit pods showed among the moss branches, and one bore a nice lid, the rostrum of which was unfortunately cut off by the ruthless clipping machine. The leaves of this ‘*moss-of-the-cord ” (not Cord-Moss) show the unmistakable undulations or crispiness of Veckera, while their peculiar shape and the pedicelled cap- sules agree with none of our American species, and we again looked in Dixon, and decided that it is the species—Veckera crispa. There were a few bits of Dicranumin with the Neckera, but the bulk of the cord was com- posed of the same species of moss. Boston, Mass. In connection with Miss Clark's article it seems apropos to note that in California A/sza abtetina and Antitricha Californica are used to pack vege- tables. Dr. J. W. Bailey has sent me from Seattle specimens of these mosses taken from vegetables shipped there from California. Dr. Bailey adds that the mosses are reported to come from Boulder’s Island. We hope some!of our Californian friends will give us more information on this matter. Aer oe Gy A GOOD COLLECTING GROUND. By W. C. Barsrour. Last spring the writer spent a part of two very rainy days in the eastern part of Wyoming County, Pennsylvania, in quest of mosses, hepatics and lichens. Probably three or four hours of each day were spent in active work, with the result noted below. Under thecircumstances only the most suyer- ficial collecting could be done, but the number and fine condition of the species obtained, leads one to think it worth the while of any one interested to give the county a thorough botanical exploration. It is in the mountain region of north-eastern Pennsylvania within easy distance of either Wilkes- barre or Scranton. The nearest stations are LaGrange, on the Lehigh Val- ley Railroad, and Factoryville, on the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. These stations are only ten miles apart, so that the botanist may start from one and cross to the other, without having to retrace his steps, to reach his train again. Itis to be hoped that some one who spends the sum- mer and autumn at one of the cities named will take up an examination of the territory indicated; which, it is believed, will yield fine results. In this very short time the writer collected 55 species of mosses including Lrachy- thectum acuminatum, Fissidens osmundtioides, Mnium rostratum, and Thelia asprella, Also 64 species of Lichens and 25 species of Hepatics. There are needed for distribution to the Chapter, specimens of the var- ious species of LeJeunea, of Scapania, and any species of Radu/a except complanata. Any member who can furnish material of these genera (or others) for distribution please communicate with Mr. Barbour. Sayre, Pa. SX SS RECEREE — lm Pirate VIII.—PSILOPILUM TSCHUCTSCHICUM, 7 FR. de, Cc. M. (Explanation of Plate.) (Nat. size 1.6 to 2 cm., including seta Two plants slightly enlarged. and capsule). 2. I, — RO 3. Acapsule with calyptra, enlarged. 4. Peristome teeth with adjacent cells of exothecium. 5, 6. ‘Two stomata, phaneropore (60 to 75 w in diameter,showing the conflu- - ence of the guard cells). 7. A leaf entire, showing the wavy edges of the lamellae. (Leaves are 2 to 4 mm. long). a, b,c. Cells from near leaf base, middle and apex respectively. (Cells near base measure 14 to 16 uw wide, and 3 to 4 times aslongas wide. The irregular, usually isodiametric, sometimes square cells about the mid- dle of the leaf are 16 to 20 uw in diameter). 8. Section of costa near leaf base, showing the complete disappearance of the lamellae. g. Leaf section about the middle. 10. Apart of a stem section. (Stem is round-triangular, and about 350 in diameter). CATHARINEA (PSILOPILUM) TSCHUCTSCHICA. Carl Miller in Botanisches Centralblatt, Band 16 (1883), p. 93. By Joun M. HOLzincer. ‘‘Dioicous; very close to Pszlopilum glabratum (= P. arcticum Brid. Vide, Limpr. Laubm, 2: 602), and similar to it, but larger, stouter, and blackish; stem leaves less closely appressed, open, longer, very entire, the areolation at base consisting of wide rectangular cells with thin walls (not of elongated irregular cells with delicately membranaceous walls); strongly convolute at the apex, ending in a short-incurved apex, the perichetial leaves very similar to the stem leaves (not longer, nor at base more mein- branaceous); capsule larger, less curved, pale, membranaceous, with longer teeth. ‘Type locality: the peninsula Tschuctschica, St. Lorenz Bay, Aug. 12, 1881; Pooten, Aug. 28, 1881; Liitke Harbor, Aug., 1882. ‘This plant differs at the first glance so considerably from Catharinea glabrata that it is at once felt to be different from it, and this partly be- cause of larger cohering cushions, the diverging larger leaves, and the larger pale fruit with thin walls. The essential differentiating character however is in the basilar part of the leaf, and is quite distinctive, as above described. It is certainly an interesting addition to the arctic mossflora,”’ In this translation Catharinea glabrata is another name for Pszlopzlum arcticum Brid. Limpricht, in Laubmoose 2: 602, writes for this plant Pszlopz- lum laevigatum (Wahlenb.), citing curiously enough the following syn- onymy: 1. Polytrichum glabratum Wahlenb. (1803). Polytrichum laevigatum Wahlenb. (1812). Catharinea glabrata Hook. (1813). Catharinea leavigata Brid. (1819). Pstlopilum arcticum Brid. (1827). Oligotrichum laevigatum Bryol. Eur. (1844). Oligotrichum glabratum Lindb. (1879). I OREY DY Se Ran aoe Limpricht considers the genus Pszlopilum well founded, and would therefore not refer the plants in question to either Catharinea or Oligo- trichum. But in deciding upon the specific name, he considers the fact that Wahlenberg ignores the name imposed upon the plant by himself in 1803 sufficient ground to do sohimself. Here Lindberg had the right view when in 1879 he restored Wahlenberg’s first name, ranging the plant, however, under Oligotrichum. Wecannot but agree with Limpricht in accepting the genus Psilopilum; but must differ from him when for so unacceptable a reason he rejects the oldest specific name. The Pszlopilum arcticum of Lesq. & James’ Manualshould certainly be called Pszlopilum glabratum(Wahlenb.). Carl Miiller, following Hooker and the earlier view of Bridel, referred the plant to Catharinea, which explains the abovesynonyms. Naturally, in de- scribing the second specics, this same author wrote Catharinea (Psilopilum) Tschuctschica. But, under theinfluence of the other view this plantis simply Psiloptlum Tschuctschicum C. Mill., as the author himself writes it in his Genera, p. 165. The absence of the crenulate margin toward the apex of the leaf was the first intimation to the writer that this plant might be something different from Pszlopilum glabratum. Next it was noted that the spores vary from 24 to 36 4 in diameter, while Limpricht records 18-22 mw as the size of the spores in the old species. Through the courtesy of Mr. W. R. Maxon the writer was able to see several specimens of authentic Pszlopilum glabra- tum. And through the especial kindness of both Miss Josephine Tilden and Mr. W. R Maxon the original description of the second plant was made ac- cessible. From this the above translation was made. It will be noticed that Carl Miiller emphasizes the distinctive character of the cells near the leaf base: these are wider, rectangu/ar in the new spe- cies; narrower, ending in obl/zgue walls, in the old species. In addition, the cells of the exothecium are different in the two species: these are elongated throughout the capsule in the new plant, but are mostly isodiametric, at least near the mzdd/e of the capsule, in the old. Finally, the leaf costa shows a characteristic difference: in the new plant there is a broad band of several rows of sterezd ce//s under the dorsal band of thin walled large cells: this is absent or quite inconspicuous in leaf sections of the old species. Stem sections show no appreciable difference. While it was quite reasonable, and indeed to be expected, that a plant occurring immediately on the west side of Bering Strait should also be found on its east side, the writer decided, if possible, to make sure this determina- tion by actual comparison with type material. This he was able to do by the courtesy of Dr. S. Engler, whocommunicated a few plants of C. Miiller’s material from the herbarium of the Bot. Museum at Berlin. The compari- son proves the North American plants typical Pszlopilum Tschuctschicum in structure and size of parts. They show one unimportant difference, being on the whole a little more compact than the type. Mr. Wm. R. Maxon, of the National Museum, furnishes the following interesting data regarding the type locality, first collections, etc. Eu Bigweas ‘« Wusct Tschuctschici (auct. C. Miller) is a paper which appeared in three parts as follows : ; Bot. Centralbl. 16: 57-65. (1883). a oe 16: 91-95. (1883). a ey 16: 121-127. (1883). A good many new species are described. ‘I'he collection reported on in this paper was made under the auspices of the Bremen Naturai History Society, by which the two brothers, Dr. Arthur Krause and Dr. Aurel Krause, were commissioned to make a journey of discovery to the Tschukt- sches Peninsula (also spelled Chukches Peninsula), Accordingly these two explorers spent the summer of 1881 in the vicinity of St. Lawrence Bay, Emma Harbor, and Liitke Harbor, collecting both geological and botanical data and materials. The mosses of this expedition were entrusted for elab- oration to Dr. Carl Miller of Halle, whose report on them appears under the above title.” The pocket containing the plants sent by Dr. Engler bears with the name the following data: ‘Peninsula Tschuctschica, St. Lorenz Bay, Geb. A. & A. Krause, 12 Aug. 1881.”’ Prof. J. B. Flett collected the plant in Alaska at two stations: first on the tundra near Rodney, on July 13, 1900; second, on the tundra 16 miles west of Nome City, on July 20, 1900. He kindly furnishes the following data: ‘““Nome is in latitude about 644° N. and longitude 1654° W. It is about 12 miles N. W. of Cape Nome. Rodney river is a creek about 20 miles N. W. of Nome City, along the coast.” It thus appears that this A.cerican station is in nearly the same latitude as is the type locality, separated only by Ber- ing Strait. But to Mr. R.S. Williams seems to belong the honor of being the first to find this plant in North America, if the plant collected by him on the ‘Left Bank of Klondike below Bonanza Creek, on June 18, 1899,” is rightly referred here. The plants kindly communicated from the National Herbarium by Mr. W. R. Maxon are sterile, with leaves entire, but of differ- ent shape than in either of the two species of Psilopilum. The rectangular basal leaf cells bring it rather to Carl Miiller’s species; but they are much shorter. The lamellae also are much more scant. And it is not impossible that Mr. Williams’ plants may prove to be a third species of Psilopilum. But this can not be established with certainty without more abundant and fruit- ing material, which so far is lacking. Winona, Minn. FOR DISTRIBUTION. (For postage, to chapter members only). Mrs. J. D. Lowe, Noroton, Ct. Dicranum fulvum cfr, Dicranella heter- omalla cfr, Anomodon attenuatus, Plagiothecium turfaceum cfr, Brachythe- cium oxycladon cfr, Eurhynchium strigosum robustum cfr, Polytrichum Ohioense., Mrs. Carolyn W. Harris, Chilson Lake, Essex Co , New York. Thelos- chistes parietinus, Pyxine sorediata. 7 OCTODICERAS JULIANUM, ITS PROPAGATION, DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORY. By E, G. BRITTON, In the July number of this Journal, Mr. Hill has called attention to the propagation by shoots from the calyptra in this species as recorded by Schim- per and Goebel. This may be more common than is generally supposed, as it is well known that the fruits of this species fall off, just before maturity, and float on the surface, many of them being quite green, with the calyptra still attached. In November, 1891, Prof. D. C. Eaton sent me a slide from which the accompanying illustration has been made, showing a shoot arising from the inner part of the calyptra. The specimens had been; kept in an aquarium, and were collected at Hamden, Connecticut, where this species was “‘ abun- dant ina bricked-up spring and also ina barrel fed by a pipe from this spring.” Evidently it lives many years in one place for it had been collected in 1877 by Prof. Eaton at the same station. The habitat of this species is more va- ried than is indicated by the Manual, and it may be looked for not only ‘‘on stones and branches in wooded creeks and swamps,” but also in ‘‘rocky streams,” and in still waters of lakes and ponds, on the border of rivers and in wells and fountains. It has been collected in the Delaware, Ohio, and Tennessee Rivers, and is represented in our collections in eighteen states, ranging from Ontario to Florida, from Minnesota to Lou- isiana, and from Texas to California. There is only one record from the Rocky Moun- tains, in Montana, R. S. Williams. though it was collected by E. Hall, probably in Colorado. It was first distributed in 1841 in Drummond's Mosses of the Southern States, as /zssidens semicompletus, and it has since been issued in Exsic- catae by Sullivant and Lesquereux, Austin and Macoun. fissidens semicompletus Hedw. (Musc. frond. 3: 34, t. 13. 1792) was de- scribed and figured from specimens sent to Hedwig by Dickson, without locality, which Hedwig supposed to be the same as specimens figured by Dillenius (Hist. Musc. 259, t. 33, Fig. 4, 1741) from Patagonia, and which Dillenius states he had also seen in the herbarium of Wm. Sherard from New Providence, Bahamas, The name has been applied to a Chilian spe- cies by Mitten. Montagne called attention to the differences between the figures given by Dillenius and Hedwig, and stated that all doubts could only be removed by restudying the types. As far as can be determined this has never been done. Bridel founded the genus Octodiceras in 1806 on Hed- wigs plate, concluding that the peristome had only eight teeth, as Fig. 6 showed half the peristome with only four teeth, but he overlooked the fact, since noted by Montagne, that Fig. 7 has at least twelve. Mitten has per- petuated this mistake in his Musci Austro-Americani, by citing in his key, two species with eight teeth, /. semzcompletus and F. Mexicanus, but the latter is known only from sterile specimens. To remedy this mistake, Mon- tagne founded the genus Conomitrzum, including C. /ulzanum and three South American species, which he named for Dillenius. Hedwig and Bertero, referring /. semicompletus Hedw. to C. Hedwigit, Jaeger and Sauerbeck recognized both genera in the Adumbratio, including several species of /7s- stdens under Conomitrium, notably F. osmundioides and F. hyalinum, and five South American and three North American species under Octodiceras. Schimper in the Bryologia and Limpricht in the Laubmoose used Octodiceras for O. /ulianum but Limpricht does not make clear the priority of the speci- fic name, as he omits the original place of publication. Lindberg by mis- take took up the name of O. fonatum as will be seen by the following synonymy : Octodiceras Julianum (Savi) Brid, Bryol. Univ. 2: 678. 1827. fontinalis Juliana Savi, Fl. Pis. 2: 414. 1798. Skitophy llum fontanum La. Pyl. Journ. Bot. Desv. 5: 52,t.34, Fig. 2, 1813. fisstdens debilis Schwaegr. Suppl. 2: 11. 1816. Conomtitrium Julianum Mont. Ann. Sci. Nat. 8: 246. t. 4. 1837. fisstdens Julianus Sch. Flora 21: i. 271. 1838. Octodiceras fontanum Lindb. Bidrag Moss Syn. 23. 1863. Our other species, O. Hallzanum, is much smaller and more slender, with a more perfect peristome, and has been found growing with O. Jultanum by Hall, on the stems of Cephalanthus occidentalis in a sunken hole at Athens, Illinois, the type locality. A note in Austin’s herbarium shows that the habitat given by Austin, ‘‘ in wells” isincorrect. It has also been collected on rocks moistened by spray at Little Falls and Ogdensburg, N. J., by Austin. At Caloosa, Florida, it was collected on the under side of logs in a Cypress swamp by J. D. Smith, and it grows on rocks at the water line in Lake Pend d’Oreille, Idaho, where it was collected by J. B. Leiberg. It is evident that it has almost as great an Eastern range as our more com- mon species, and on account of its size, may have been often overlooked. Its synonymy is as follows: Octodiceras Hallianum (Sull. & Lesq.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. Adumb.1.33.1874. Conomitrium Hallianum Sull. & Lesq., Aust. Musci App. p. 20, no. 108 b. z870. Fissidens Hallianum Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 21: 551. 1885. BRYUM PROLIGERUM (Lindb.) Kindb. The study of this moss at Chilson Lake. Essex Co., N. Y., was brought to a sudden close in rgo1 by the *‘ wet crumbling roadside bank” giving way during a heavy rainfall, burying our treasure as we feared for all time, as — 85 — repeated search during the rest of the season failed to unearth even a single plant. It is my good fortune, however, to find this summer on almost the identi- cal spot a loose mat possibly a foot square. ‘The weather so far this year has been cold and rainy and the plants examined under the microscope July 23rd show abundant gemme. See illustrations, etc., in BryoLocisr for Oc- tober, 1901; also January, 1901, p. 12, and July, 1901, p. 50. There is evi- dence of anumber of fertile plants in the mat, and it is hoped these will prove to be on the Bryum in which case a limited amount of material will be available for distribution. AUIS. A NOTE By ANNIE MorrRILL SMITH. In company with other journals THE BRYOLOGIST comes in for its share of criticism without which it would be impossible to keep fully in touch with its subscribers and thereby modify and adjust its policy from time to time. The idea in starting this journal was to help a body of would-be students of the mosses; their number was unknown but it was felt to be sufficient to justify a beginning, so in January, 1898, a modest start was made with four pages. Before the year was out its place was assured and its growth and progress since then a matter of history. The Editors have from the first enjoyed the cooperation of the advanced workers, as our pages testify, and when these friends counsel the printing of more technical articles it is hard not to fill our limited space with matter be- yond the range of the beginner. This problem is very clearly set forth by Charles E. Bessey in a recent number of Sczence (July 25, 1902, No. 395, p. 157) and we are glad to record his endorsement of our policy. It is just be- cause we haye never been able to forget the ladder by whose help we mounted the first hard rounds that we have kept to the original idea of help- ing the beginner. We feel sure that the issues of the first four years of THE BRYOLOGIsT constitute a very helpful handbook for those taking up the study of the mosses, hepatics and lichens, and that this ground need not be covered again by us. There still remains, however, a large gap between this elementary work which we have done and the Manualof Lesquereux and James. This was brought jhome very forcibly to me the past two weeks. During the exigencies of travel I was separated from my own copy of the Manual and obliged to use the spotless one of a friend and IJ realized then for the first time what a wealth of material exists only in such annoted copies as a few own who have had exceptional opportunities to correct, make additions, cross references and notes to the extent often of pagesinterleaved. Many of these notes and additions have been given from time to time in our pages by the various authors, but we do need one or more books lead- ing one up to the place where intelligent use of the larger works of reference is possible. In the meantime THE BryoLocisr will continue a certain amount of elementary work, at the same time giving generous space to those further advanced. Ene MOA broader than high, inner lamellze up to 30, parallel and not connected or irregular and joined by very oblique cross-walls. Basilar membrane of en- dostome extending about % up, the segments very narrow and papillose with narrow slits between articulations; cilia 2 or 3, and short or nearly equalling segments in length and more or less appendiculate. One or two rows of transversly elongated cells about mouth of capsule. Seta up to 4cm. high. Nearly smooth spores up to .024 mm. Growing in very damp or wet crevices of rock by springs. July 6, 1888, © Missouri River bank below Great Falls. This species is near Wuhlenbeckié but differs in the very narrow segments of the endostome with narrow slips between the articulations, not rounded perforations, the leaf-cells also are more elongated above and less regularly short-rectangular below (19). Brachythectum velutinum intricatum (Hedw.) Br. & Sch. Columbia Falls, April. Western plants; undoubtedly average somewhat larger than eastern or ordinary European specimens. I have found the stem leaves of Montana plants up to 2.25 mm. long. Limpricht gives 1.8 mm. for the species but there are two European varieties with large leaves (up to 2.10 mm.) and the common Montana form exactly matches in appearance the variety as given above'(257). Brachythectum collinum subjulaceum Pfeffer. Divide Mt. and Two-Medi- cine Lake, Blackfeet Ind. Reservation. Growing in moister, more shaded places, of larger size with larger, less imbricated leaves (435). Hypnum intermedium Lindb. Columbia Falls. Stem sections of this plant show an outer wall of large, thin cells next several rows of thickened cells and a distinct centralstrand. In appearance it is much like revolvens and Seudtnerz (414). Hypnum styriacum Limpr. Belt Mts., Columbia Falls, Forty-mile Cr. and Cut-Bank Cr., Blackfeet Ind. Reservation, 5,000 ft. Aug. Not before credited to North America, It is somewhat like a slender form of the pre- ceding (7. palustre) with more distant, curved and spreading leaves. The leaves are also rather more pointed, often distinctly serrulate on the margin below, and vein weaker, usually slightly forked above. The flowers are clustered along the stem, often 20r3 ? andi ¢ andthe outer perigonial leaves are figured by Limpricht as distinctly 3-toothed; this character is -variable however in authentic specimens received from]. Breidler, the original collect- or of the species in the Alps of Austia (400). Hypnum giganteum dendroides Limpr. Plants with lower branches often long, and all the branches with more or less numerous branchlets. The stem leaves are comparatively long and narrow, 3% by 134 to 2 mm., in this respect approaching cordzfolium, but they have the abruptly inflated alar cellsof ezganteum. Belt Mts., Columbia Falls (219). — 103 — A NEW HABITAT FOR SCHISTOSTEGA. Like Mr. Huntington I have always longed to find Schistostega. Several years ago I found a few bits of the protonema and one or two scattering sterile plants in a cave known as the ‘*‘ Devils Den” at the top of Mt. Prospect in Holderness, N. H. Since then I have looked in every dark hole in the woods with the hope of seeing it again, but in vain. This summer I was greatly surprised and delighted to find this rare moss in an entirely unexpected place, on the soil and stones of the under- pinning of an old shed in Newfane, Vt., on the farm adjoining the one where Ispent my youth and childhood, and in the very place where I had often played hide and seek. ‘The shed is open on the south side, and the floor is several inches lower than the soil on the north side, so that the earth and soil of the underpinning on this sideis kept moist. Here were square inches, ' almost square feet, of the gleaming protonema, whose brilliancy could only be seen by stooping until one looked in upon it at the same level as the entering rays of light. Here also were an abundance of sterile plants but no capsules. The protonema reproduces itself rapidly as spots from which collections were made were againcoveredintwo or three weeks. Under the microscope the protonemal filaments were seen to end in flask-shaped cells, a character not shown in any illustrations with which lam familiar. The New Hamp- shire plants also had this character. The question now is, where in the country round is the original habitat of this moss? The place where the shed stands has been dug over within my memory. The shed itself was built about twenty-five years ago. The country around is more familiar to me than any other place in the world, yet I have never seen any other indications of this moss in that part of the state. A. Je GRoun. NECROLOGY. It is our sad duty to record the death of Professor Albert G. Wetherby, at Magnetic City, North Carolina, February 15th, 1902. He was known by correspondence to many readers of THE BryYOLoaIsT, as a collector of mosses and lichens and as a generous friend in the matter of exchanges. He was identified with the Sullivant Moss Chapter from the beginning, and when — the lichen department was added joined most heartily in its work. Professor Wetherby was born at Pittsburg, Pa., in 1833. Hereceived his early education in Cleveland, Ohio, and after his college graduation he spent some years in farming during the summer and teaching a country school in winter. In 1861 he removed to Cincinnati and was appointed principal of the Woodburn public school. In 1870 he was elected to the Chair of Natural History in the Cincinnati University and served for a term of six years, add- ing geology and botany to his other subjects. The work in the new univer- sity was too heavy for his strength though backed by wonderfulenthusiasm, and he was obliged to resign his position, thus ending his strictly pedagogic work. He engaged in business, and in 1886 it took him to North Carolina and he located his home on Roan Mountain, an ideal spot for one with his natural inclination. ; The list of published works by Professor Wetherby contains many papers on conchology, one of his many lines of study, but the last years of his life were devoted to critical work on the mosses and grasses of the Roan Moun- tain region, and it is to the regret of all that the work was not completed, as: it would have been a most valuable contribution to the botany of North Carolina. He made large and valuable collections, as field work was his — especial delight. The series representing the smaller mammals of the Roan region he had already presented tothe Smithsonian Institution. His min- erals he had wiven to the Cincinnati University. His large and valuable herbarium it is hoped will find a place in one of our large museums where it will be of use to many workers. | Our friend was taken ill the first of January with congestion of the lungs, and though supposed to be making a slow but favorable recovery, died of heart failure on February 15th. He was buried at Magnetic City, February 18th, 1902. A wife and family of children survive him. A, M.S. SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER NOTES. OFFERINGS. [To chapter members only—for postage, ] Mrs. J. D. Lowe, Noroton, Ct. Georgia pellucida, Weitssta Americana, flypnum chrysophyllum, Brachythecinm salebrosum, B, Starkit, B, rivulare, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia albicans, Rhynchostegium ser- rulatum, Funaria hyrometrica (antheridial plants). Miss Harriet Wheeler, Chatham, N. Y. TZkhuzdium scttum, T. abtetinum, Bryum caespitictum, — Wm. C. Barbour, Sayre, Pa. /ungermannia barbata. Mrs. Carolyn W. Harris, 125 St. Mark’s Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Umdzi- carta Muhlenbergit, U. vellea. Miss Alice L. Crockett, Camden, Maine. Uwmbzlicaria Dillenit, U. pustu- lata, U. Pennsylvanica, NOTICE—ELECTIONS. Forward your ballot at once to Miss Alice L. Crockett, Camden, Maine. Polls close December Ist. For PrEsIDENT. —Prof. John M. Holzinger, Winona, Minn. Mr, Edward B, - Chamberlain, Cumberland Centre, Maine. For Vice-Pres, —Mr. Wm. C. Barbour, Sayre, Pa. Dr. A. F. K. Krout, Glenolden, Delaware Co., Pa. For Sec.-TreAs.—Miss Harriet Wheeler, Chatham, N. Y. Mrs. J. D. Lowe, Noroton, Ct. THE FERN BULLETIN Is published for all who are interested in our native ferns. It is just the journal for the beginner who wants to know all about how and where they grow, etc. Well illustrated, well printed, well edited. Awarded Grand Prize at Paris. Send for sample copy. THE FERN BULLETIN, Binghamton, N. Y. The Plant World Now in its sixth year, contains articles that appeal to every one interested in plant life, many of them written by our most prominent naturalists. Among the series of articles appearing we may mention one on American botanical gardens. written by the various directors-in-chief; also accounts of collecting trips in Cuba, Porto Rico, etc., and a particularly interesting series on the plant life of Guam and the Philippines. There will also be studies among the various groups of fungi. ‘he most valuable feature of allis an eight page supplement, freely illustrated, describing in proper sequence and in easily understood language all the known families of flowering plants. Subscription Price, $1.00 per Year. SEND A STAMP FOR A SAMPLE Copy. Address THE PLANT WORLD CO., P. O. Box 334, Washington, D. C. FOR SALE. Japanese (Mosses and Ferns, Each 50 Herbarium Specimens $5.00, postpaid in advance. Sent by mail. Includes rare specimens also those new to America. Address, Mr. Grenjt Kovama. Higashisakuramachi, Kioto, Japan. NATURE STUDY, A monthly magazine, published under the auspices of the Manchester Insti- tute of Arts and Sciences. Devoted to the encouragement of the study of Nature in her varied aspects—of the Rocks, the Birds, the Flowers, and all the multitude of living things that crawl, or swim, or walk, or fly. Terms fifty cents per annum in advance. NATURE STUDY, Manchester, N. H. FOR SALE.—A complete set of The Fern Bulletin, except Nos. 1 and 3 of Vol. IV., up to Jan., 1903. Price, $6.00. Address, DR. A. J. GROUT, 360 Lenox Road, Brooklyn, N. Y. WANTED.—Drummond’s Musci Amer. and Sullivant’s Musci Allegh. Address, MRS. ANNIE MORRILL SMITH, 78 Orange Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. WANTED.—Hepatice, all kinds, from all localities. Those of South and West especially desired. ; Address, WM. C. BARBOUR, Sayre, Pa. WANTED:~—Lichens from North America and Europe are desired. Especially Cetraria. Will buy or exchange. Address, MRS. CAROLYN W. HARRIS. 125 St. Mark’s Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y Journal of the Maine Ornithological Society A Quarterly Journal, | Full of Interesting Matter on Maine Birds. Fifty Cents per Year. send for Free Sample Copy. J. MERTON SWAIN, Editor and Publisher, WATERVILLE, ME. monn us MOSSES WITH A HAND-LENS, By DR. A. J. GROUT. It makes the mosses as easy to study as the flowering plants. Eignt full-page plates and ninety figures in the text. $1.10 postpaid. Send for sample pages to O. T. LOUIS, 59 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Forestry and Irrigation If you want to keep ,in'Wouch with these two subjects which President Roosevelt considers ‘‘the most vital of the. internal questions “of the United States,” you should be a subscriber to Forestry anpD IRRIGATION, the magazine of authority on these subjects. | The leading writers in the country on these subjects are contributing toit, and itis handsomely illustrated. Subscription Price, $1.00 a Year. Sample Copy for a Two-cent Stamp. = 2 Avpress, FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION, ATLANTIC BUILDING, ye. WASHINGTON, D. C. Two Voluiiie on Wild Flowers for $3.00 The two nee of the AMERICAN BOTANIST that have now been issued contain more than one hundred and fifty uNTECHNICAL articles and notes on wild flowers selected expressly for the general reader. They are just as interesting now as when first published. 192 pages in all. Price Goc. a volume; the two for $1.00. The current volume has been much increaged in size andgwill contain a series of illustrated keys based upon color, for identifying the flowers. This feature is alone worth the price of the volume, There will be the usual number of mfScellaneous articles, editorials, book reviews and literary notes. Subscriptions $1.00 a year. Vols. I and II anda year’s subscription $1.60. Sam- ple copy for a 2-cent. stamp. “The only Untechnical Botanical Journal.” Ug Ug Ug Ug Ug hg Ug Us UgUgugu gush gl gla Uae gugegugege gig t ges hel peg lglg yep egege ugh alge gl gl gla ep aghgighgglghal gual slat stglgtal; a THE BRYOLOGIST AN ILLUSTRATED BIMONTHLY DEVOTED TO NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS VOLUME VI 1903 EDITORS ABEL JOEL GROUT ano ANNIE MORRILL SMITH PUBLISHED BY THE EDITORS 78 ORANGE STREET, BROOKLYN, N. Y. Nal? tiny? i ath 1 haces nie Bh SOU nae INDEX. POMC ORPCC COIN 640)... wea wee ee cee 105 Peecer macropnyllum, - os... cee 44 Additional Mosses of Upper Yu- kon River, R. S. Williams... 61, 62 22/5/22) 216 10 en er 45 Amblyodon dealbatus.......... 62 Amblystegium adnatum ..95, 96, 101 PUPAL: a, cots oe 94 oe Foci ate ray 95 i MACICALES, 2) Toa tas 84 x riparium flac- eid se es. 62 es SERPENG Ved... yc. 62, 95 es ms Berin- gianum.. .48, 84 ef varium Alaska- ABUT ae acess 3 ec nee 84 An Interesting Tree, Dr. J. W EASUING ig eke Ste oan a ee 44, 45 Annual Reports S. M. C... 17, 18, 40 Ancectangium compactum...... 52 a ae Alas- ESE NESCON UES Ngee ea a oO 48 Anomobryum concinnatum..... 88 HUMIMOMIMC. 1... 88 ce MAPRORIME YA auc. es , 88 a ‘© Americanum 88 Hs ‘* concinnatum 88 a Sericeam ris...) ¢. 88 POMPOM ON 2 es. ee ae es uae 61 ms Iheteroidens...0 0.6... 98 Antitrichia curtipendula gi- SERIOUS) 6 GE ea dae a 44, 45 =. Saye nQoyd 0 (Tac a 80 Pte ICCA et Sela ee se 63 ia clypeata. 2, 27, 28, 29 Sellowiana. . 27, 28, 29 aii OlioenSe soe Fe his oe 37 PUGEMEGGOML, 0. was es ees eee ns 63 BROAN Ga viol See cc e ede cet on ees 37 /5) 06) 01 0000 Sa ae 70 es ame USEAbUIM 4... 6. 5s 80 as IBESCUR ie ett, 2 te 36, 69 Barbula brachyphylla. .. 2.5.64. 51 brachypoda....48, 49, 50, 51 oY CuUMeLOlay, oe. AW os ck, a 12 pe aaa ea an 52 ee Wontar... 2 ise. hee 61 et B20 ee 48, 52 cs PACU A ec acec ce esa 52 ae Haumadersit, sles ie. 48, 51 e subpcunefolia. 2.0.6... 51 ue ROTEMOSA c. 0s 4 slecs'ed 0c vic. 50 if ANS ey Ua rane ea 48, 51 he unguiculata, ...51, 54, 88, 95 re WALID Se TS oi ae 52 BYertramiOpsis: 2.6.0...) eka ke 70 * Star indicates illustrations. Bartramiopsis Lescurii........ 36, 69 “f Sitkanay ake es 69 Bibliography. “i. Pe james... 101 Blepharostoma trichophyllum.. 2 Brachy thecium acuminatum. SG, 84 albicans; =)... mer 84 oh Beringianum 48,62,83 ue edentatum n.sp. 62 i Nove-Anglez... 36 Be Oxy, cladon's cnt 95 ss plamosum.... 04 BS populeum® 23... s. 96 af TEMG MATE ose tee 62 ae rutabuliforme. . 45 st salebrosum...... 95 * Viele iMUaIee etc 96 *Branched Paraphyses Bryum POSE Us 1 coheed rear 27a, . 80, 81 ruchia hexwOsa:. free see. ss 6k 37, 388 Sono VAM CI aves a ttoeue 95 BBP PNA PARI ee cctis aheieyes tee ete hee ene 36 Bryum AN Ah Et IT eh WLR FS 63, 67 PaxeenMelenit\ey Halli 5 ueymorey ses 48 Ea AL PIM Syst ote 8 ase ar Rivard OWN (cPeACClOSLOMMITN, etn ee 48, 66 Sey CACSOMBICLUTe mre in noe ak 95 SMe COMCINMALIMI Assute xe Oren: « 88 ‘« eylindrico-arcuatum..... 48, 66 i“ Vdrepanocarpuims....6 4. . 48, 66 Duval obtusatum..o. 48, 66 Coes EAGT Ma Dd ere wales 48, 68 RPP MELCTOOR MUTA ims mre: ot. 48, 67 NP Dek fie pal siteboneu vole by at pehae 48, 67 ie eH LEPLOCICEY Olin ane. a. start 48, 67 Peer ITee SCOLME Gitar ann er: 69 SS NiaayboKergopabkexsncioonl mately Ms es 48 Cee ODtUSthO lama She op cee erohe ne» 68 i) eDSCUCGOSTITCOMIN canis: <0: 48, 68 Sie TOSSUIM AS hls. cPteairenees Wye sient 80, 81 ee ieEROLC ASOT a masa tte a Meepees 48 Burnettia subcapillatum, n. sp... 65 BuxbawimiaCceae vane neh cue ee 63 Buxbaumia aphylla........ 62, 76, 96 Caller Soni: tsetse s tot comet oe 94 Camptothecinm ay at HA Sie nee OP 45 hamatidens ©, 2). 44 os IMGESCEMS 7 ccarncren ts 44 ag INuttalian ace. 44 Catherinea angustata........... 95 Cenhaloziaw.c 6 awa. 5. Rahs aaa 95, 96 Ceratodon) purpureusi.. \ee8.) 95 *Cladonias, Notes on Certain, by B. Fink & M. A. Husband Heer es 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 *Cladonia alpestris Eat CD Hee es 23 * aie AMMA ROCK CEA: «) els 4s). 24 ae BOry ara tit eae once 25 4 pial 4 joie *Cladonia, Cenotea «0 fait cm cies 25 oe be crossota,... sy. 26 “ PUT Calas ce etc mere 24 * a paneiferina sy i... 21, 54 66 6o alpestris... 54 ae a sylvatica... 64 % ee Sylvatiea, a0 eee 22 ag i laxiuscula.. 28 ci ue pumila. (020 os me Ssylvestris.. 238 * ture ida, uswlenats ae ae 26 “ ce conspicua, PO. us ts Sry pea. Ais. 26 TAMCVALIS ul tae ouc te cena: 24 ec es delacerata.. 25 34 _ obtusata... 25 % a Lunyescens. 20 Claopodium crispifolium........ 44 HG pellucinerve....4.... 39 Climacium. Americanum;.2..... 15 ae Cenadvoidies we tak. 15 Cololejeunea Biddlecomiz..... 28, 23 * os joorlana’...2> 27, 28, 32 ‘ MacOUmi i et : 27 Current Bryological Literature... 16 Cylindrothecium seductrix...... 54 Cynodontium polycarpinis.....'.. ‘«¢ Alaskanum 48,49 ce CCA XLGEte <5 26, 49 a Treleaseu gi sit , 48 Desmatodon systilioides........ 49 Dichodontium flavescens........ 49 e pellucidum Kodia- kanun! os% 4 48, x Dicranella cervicdlatals 7. a... a: “s heteromallalatinervis 48, 19 Dicranumibonjeéaniy, 4 oe 95 ue Demeten aie ay ase 86 s Drummondii.. pees... 15 fe Clone ata eeu es 86 cr flagellaren) 2) eae vine 49,95 “ DULL ee age nowt tf LUSCESEOMS ay ue 87 Ks longifolimmy . 2). lees 95 a montanum’ . i... Sea eO ie SCOPAT Mimpes ai esl, 95 af subflagellare........ 48, 49 a Stil visto cere ons 87 i trachy phylum) 222. ...° 86 es VAniGen e eititete pres ie 95 Diplolepidecs tyre ee 63 Distichum,; capillaceuym)~. 2). 52 Witrichaasn: wa idan. ie eee 95 ‘ temmifolmiim oe... 61 us VASTMADS |,,2n, a dati whe o4 Driimmondiay (oe. wetn ese: Cg.) Bllewteray Sic os. cae 59, 60 Eleutera Jamaicensig 7...) 2. 59 Enthosthodon) <0. 350) 3320s e 65 coy spathulifolius, . .48, 65 Entodon |. win le ee ee 95 Butalyptaceze.;. 7... Seer 63 Huleskea 0: 3 ee eee 98 Ephemerum crassinervium...... 37 Eulejeunea syrpyllifolia........ 30 Burhynchium hians...05)-2 26-2 15 ms Oreganum 22. :. . 44 us praloncum): 2... 45 Fabroleskea Austini, by John M. Holzinger 74, 75 66 3 o6 94, 95 Fissidens decipiens Winonense. 8&7 os Laxifolius joni ee 54 Fossil Mosses, J. M. Holzinger.. 93 Frullanian, ... 5 sccm cages 28 PUBATIA ae Ree a ell Me hygrometrica sie ere sciet 91, 95 Funariacese 3. segine ae ee 63 Georgia pellucida. 7 ce) 16,95 . Grimmia anodon. 2+. 02) 7 62 ee apocarpa. 5 38 ..94, 95 Gymnostomum calcareum Wino- NENSE: 0/36 soci ee ee 86 Gymnostomum calcareum ten- ellwin.w.5 Dike a een 86 Hammock (Grove) Formations. 58. Harpalejeunea ovata........ . 28, 29 Harpidaim 3. y.20 ay eee ee e 44, 93 ue exanulatum jae 62 Kuetiit 0 Natasa 62 es polyearpuMm i. wea. e 62 Hedwigia albicans. 2325.5. . 94, 95 *Hepatics (Ill.) W, C. Barbour ey oe 4222027, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 Heterocladium heteropterioides filescens : 3... %.. i: oe eee 100 Heterocladium heteropterum fallax) o seed ae ee eee 100 Heteroleskea. osc eee eee 100 Homalothecium: ;,27o).2.c es 65 Hygrohy pnam . i. cco ees eae 85 Hylocomium proliferum: |. 4... .. 95 ve Pyrenaicum....... 95 a triquetrum Berin-. PIANUM, |... en eee 48, 86 FLypnum :. ccs oe eee 63 ts AMOSN WM Vi eee 3 oy amplyphyllum.. . 86 (f" BOSCil eee ee 54 a bruneo-fuscum........ 85 ts capillefollum Baileyi 1. SP. tee ee 61 oe eatenulatum: ce eee 100 es Cosso 1. 2 See 94 Hypnum cupressiforme..... 3, 43, 88 cyclindricarpum....... 2 ie Ge yeni a 2... 85 ve 7 Mackaya: Yi 89 nf MeMUC se 5 vee sw Weak 95 tS PIMET CUTTS eh id cat be at 93, 94 “ ‘© brachydictyon 93, 94 «s ie Ptossile 2s 70 94 es a LACLALCS atone os 94 mi Sranerolensy 64 ila t 100 He Maldanianum......... 95 es SUC Is 5 sy ese ees 95 ee amuloswim 2 6. eas ws 88 Sh BMCMIGCTY NT. 2 ac 6-0 6 cso vs 42, 43 us iaeple xt. 22.4). 366.2% 88 * Jamaicensis:.......-.. 59 st jaxepatulum.....,... hoe: 3 as MUUNCAINS fa iors ah ake o'e: 5) er Molendoantum ......°... 43 cs DEMOTOSUIM! 2.666. ce: 2, 3 < MISTESCENS:..... Hee OO) = [OHUEIS oc a Gt ane ieas 89 oe POV ie 6 eats ooo ne 59 e fORIGAO Sher S i lees. 42 ee plesiostramineum.... .48, 85 Ke Pla oe ek Pet mpMOSUIM 3, Ve... ce 85 ce pseudostramineum.... 85 Cie Dr ALCUSeY. Ai. ; eam 3 He PpSmMacuM...... 2. 26. 43 uy TECUVATIS.. 2. + iss’: 1, 2, 3 re a Rr Pet hans oe Ns 2,3 Wy <¢ compactum...° 3 ‘ ee MUBUS ch. eS . recurvo-marginatum , 42 es PRPEATIS), poh sccca eek ees es 59 Fe Tepe). 3. Rehavvalcle ales 95, 96 i HEMOMMUMIs. Vo. 3 Fe's.6 42, 43 " BE NONNCM GR, gi o,0i ware gears 94 a ef Gy picts... 94 i IRiehardsont uo. .6!. 94 Sanimentosumr .. 0%. 2... 94 ee a“ Berin. UABHITIN.,. Weber ess.605 2 48, 85 . SAGE) Co) LN ar BPP 95 he Serrtiiatamins oot. .: 59 by StyramMneum:.).. 5.2... 85 Se stellata... ecco eS 84 35 SHDeTOy Tits 2. (sist: 89 cf ag occidentale 48, 85 a SublMmponens. 6... ... 44 3 etibplicatiles 70.2.3 .6. 5. 82 rs sulcatum stenodictyon 48,85 r thelistevium ..<7....%. 58, 59 a: pbraleset. eee) 6658 48, 84 e uncinatum polare....48, 85 " Wallarde else ac. 43 Ely pHuta WW AUSOMIn, ot cess: secs. 42 a WV TH IAAS eft ake tatsc cree gs 59 RSO PGT YON ie tg, oie’ aiaretng Co 59 Isothecium Brewerianum ....... 45 us stoloniferum ....... 44 james. i. bk. by Mrs. Mary TJ. Gozzaldiwe BIW, ook Tie ia 1 Sffetbes a sac yn Rotate eons fo sccia accreted cen, 28 iImeermanniasexsectay 5.0.85. 2 *Lejeunea, (I1l.)W. C. Barbour SONA gh 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 * “6 Amenicana....:.. 27, 28, 30 (6 PASIAN a, cei sie oa Recs 31 ae Biddlecomiz.) 2.0). 32 ue CALCATLC Ain Siler wee ' ecamefolians so. c 32 28, 80, 31 oS : CLV P CALA kis, dates sie este cs eucullatare ety Ue 31 ot eehimatar geek oe Sle 32 cs OORIATIAR AIM yauta cave 32 * ae ACEI) tn Mes eee ere ti aceleet: 31 ‘ Mollet eis Be Pe 29 ee OViAUAR is be ae Sa es 29 be PaAleUSe si saas. ose 27, 28, 80 “2 c ViClia tates oh Weak ate ss 29 - serpyllifolia eta 30, 31 es Americana 30 ce Os cavifolia... 30 ibepidozia-reptams iam iat. sale 2 Leptobryum pyriforme.......... 95 TOSI A crating ce fas EN atars. ve ate 1 | CASES SE Se ie MEAL Bs cot ai dF Reg 59, 60 WESKEACE eM ink Wonton shea s © 14 iweSkeatarcuatal esse oa 3 1 a arenicolas 5008 fees (0. S97 98 oe PSMIS CUM Ieee AR a a 75 as eatenulataga.e0 evi ee 101 ts Cyrtophyllaci i. sug. 97 es denticuilatal ia wen... 97 oe Dommellives ccs seuss cate 98 fo eh STAN OULECISN wie tec ee, 74, 75 sf IMMICEOCAT OA icra cities ats 98 es HICTVOSAS) aia cee eee clat 97,99 “ 2) fiacelliterams ee: ue (ie MM OLeSCens. ac. 7 0O moe Sec IMO TESCOMNS | Helpers Aas eM? ot 98 is ODSCUTAGY cn ane e. 97, 98, 101 us obtustioliay twtr. soe ke ee 97 as TECUUVANS ee eh eee if Ge SQuUatnOSaw eo Mieee ee 1 at Walliams 2 As soa, 97, 99 “6 oD fillamentosa 100 ne AWOL SI pis ieee nie octane tate 101 MeEueObry Ue. jose ee : 2 We mCOGO My erie Mca rama sie wii e evednier 61 Ss brachypus. Mares lane sictele's 15 mi JINACCHIG Aye kan. 15 mney ae *Lichens, (Ill ) C. W. Harris BE hoPellemrora 55, 56, 57, a 76, 77, 78, 79 Limpricht, Karl G. by J. M . Holz- AINE C15 are Seteks ee Sea 14, 33, 34, 35 List—Sullivant Moss Chapter Mem Dems ys co80. nie epee 18,19, 20 Lyellia 2.3. Seah ae eu heater ys 36, 70 SoC LIS A nape etete)e ora csteNsiarctegs 70 Meteorium nigrescens 2); 82. . 60,060 ae Donnellii .. 60 pictoleioauen iucens A243. 27, 28, dl * mK Ruthie sn 27, 28, 81 “6 wlecinall Wose eee dl Microthanmmiuim..os ect) cee qe eee 59 of thehstesinim: 2.) a8 IV TSOWTTBL oh Yok iy aR NRA IA Fok bot A Atte 47, 63 Bet CUNAGE 1 Voisin iat atelsieralehe aes 95 See DTU TMIMOMGIE eo . ewer ss 15, 39 oe OUALESCENS Whats ide aeee miele ses 69 Seo HOM so sacas ose, 63, 64 TO Mbps Wat <0 US.a Uk oer aM ga eal Lost 39, 45 ee UNL ZELSII Lyrae nena ere 45 Cie antcima 0 BOG bona Une eminent cary came Rac 36 Oe TLC CAGUE 11. aoa eect ates aes 36 : es anCepSt ies: 48, 69 BS A CLIGST. dsr ae ee ea ee Eon SLY AIC UIT) ae cep eee 95 Mosses of Alaska, Cardot & Theriot 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,53, 54, 65, 66 67, 68, 69, 70, 83,84, 85, 86 Mounting Moss Specimens,.... bob Chamberlain’ 7h sau. 75, 76 Mounting Mosses, Cora H..... Glace! hv Mer ae eee ee 102, 1038 Mayurella Careyanay 2.2.0 heir. :. 86 Neckera complanata............ 60 oh cymbifolium 724... 60 wo Douglasii. -ise eee . A4 ae Ploridanaye.) 203 ehh “ Jiamaicensis: 4.2) herea- 59 a Iwadoviciana si aoa 60 ne Menziesiiii... a cvaen 44 a Peunatan. 4a02 eco 60 us undulata eno. <2 59, 60 Neck ena 3) yuk Meu Bow foe ose : 09 Nematodonit:. 0 .:cacke! oe oe 63 Nephroma BE eae oe 16, 77, %8 ALCHICUDY Role ee oe on 77 us Helyeticum i -osee: 78 oe leevie atu Os ee 78 oh e parile 2A, 78 ss Lusitanicum: .1..5% 78 Ch die tomentosum, “17, 78 New Mosses of North America, Renauld & Cardot .. 86, 87, 88, 89 Notes on Nomenclature II....... E.G, Britton 3 eee: 42, 43 Notes Sullivant Moss Chapter. . 39, 40, 89, 105 Obituary, £. Bescherelle, 3 MM: Holzinger sis eee ee 46 Octoblepharum albidum....... 58, 60 Oedipodium Griffithianum, R.S. Walliams) .52 000 eee 47, 48 Offerings toS. M. C. Members, 40, 54, 70, 90, 106 Oncophorus suecico,;. 9) 49 Orthotrica.... 3. Bah aes 45 Orthotrichaces) Ste eee ee 4, 14 sOrthotrichum , CELA te Grout 4, 5, 6 anomalum...5, ", 53 ue “ saxatile| 5 pe affiane eae oe 5, 13 a ‘‘ fastigiatum 13 ei Branly SCS as brachytrichum.. 9 a cribbosum... .53, 54 ue cupulatumny 3. 6, 7 * ‘ fallag rie Cael. ne ag fenestratum. ..48, 53 . gymnostomum.. 10 ve Lescuriinin 33 5, 6 s letocarpunn.. 20% 13 3 a obtusifolium ... 5, 9, 10, 11, 95 * ae Ohicenseiag 5. 7, 9, 18, 88, 95 ot Portert “or: ee 6, 7 x ne psilocarpum:,;.:' 9 e pulchellum....., leucodon 45 * as pusillumi;.7.. os On * “s Schimpetie,. 10, 16.0 ‘S ‘‘ truncatulum 9 * és sordidum 5, 12, 18, 95 * a Specirosmmy +f; o: 5, 11, 18, 45, 95 a a strangulatum... 5, 7, 8, 18, 95 a Striatam) ee. 13 Orthostichella. cae eae 60 Peltigera <0 0 isso eee 76, 78 *Peristome, The (Il].) A. J. Grout 63, 64, 65 Phascum. . 26.2) eee 37 Philonotis Mithlenbergii....... 88 se venella Coloradense.. 88 oo Hues mecca chy peata seve. ae 29 | xanthocarpa .... 29 Physcomitracea 2 (5 ja eee 80 Physcomitrium immersum,..... 37 Pilotrichella cymbifohias 3.22. 60 Pilotrichumiy ss: oye eee ee 60 as cymbifolium..... ... 60 st ee Piletrichum undulatum.......... 59 Plagiothecium denticulatum.,. 84, 95, 96 ee ne laetum 62 us SIE aNS. Ao earners: 54 ue ANESC N.S, Wao: 5, chauntasy 48, 84 ae sylvaticumi, ....... 15 Gi turtacewin».... =. 95 Rigtyeyriim repens........... 95, 96 Pieuridium subulatum...... 37, 54, 95 Pogonatum alpinum Macounii.. 36 DreyiCawle oo. ki ec 38 a MaACOUME 5.) 4'5.65.. . 386 a UGMIC SUM ese. 15 Pohlia, albicans. ............5..: 62 ae ms TACTALC 5.55 0s cro 62 Chena Be apnea hdc levers 45 us (Some Interesting Forms, A.J. Grout. 41 ch Commune’ |... 48, 83, 95 a a ‘© uliginosum 41 %*% 66 66 66 forma Wash- ingtonianum 41 * at Po perigoniale.. /41 Ge fracilifolium...... Ne aot) < aA CU Clan. ate lcisea (aye ss 41 ss EMS Ne ces 36, 83 * a MIPS NUMS..¢. 0... » 41 * of @ROENSE. |. Al * ee SS) 010) OU See aie ae 41 oF Sg 6) oo Uae ane 41 ge Yukonense 36, 48, 83 MeN Pe OnE Pas oops sve tue «else oo +« ee platy pl yar eis. sa 80, 96 Portia lei arctica........... 49 6 a Beringiana liga te 48, 49 eee OOMISITOlI a 2... eke be 49 mpeerenuncalula..; ye... ex 15 Pseudoleskea malacoclada....... 101 s TIGSSCENS. ets) s06 36 ts stenophylla....... 36 Psilopilium arcticum....0.5 ....% 36 a Tschuctschicum. ...36, 38 Eevlateia intricata.. 6... 26... 65, 95 RO CUMIUDELL Prk... ahs 95 "CAG ILS ols ag aes 65 Pycamidula tetragona .. ....... 37 BTR a Sb ia geet als Lae Sees 28 ee COMPlanata ois. s ae GO Ralphidostegium GECUEV. ATS it oi: 1, 95 INGEN 7s peer. 3 es Wihitel: 226 3,3 3 Review, Kindberg’s N. A. Bryn- 1ece, i Pe TOMI eT es vine ok Bes 16 Review, Mosses of Alaska (Harri- mann Ex.) J. M. Holzinger. .,35, 36 Review, Mosses with H. L. and.. Microscope, J. M. Holzinger... Revision of Leskea, G. N. Best. 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101 104 Rhacomitrium cyclodictyon....48, 52 i hyterostichum | affine 36 ee ‘* alopecurum 36 on sudeticum Alaska- num. .48> 02 te ie tenellum 52 Scleropodium colophyllum...... 45 Seles triSbiCMag ian. w cpr. - ci acece 47 oe tristichoides, Etc., J. M. Leal Vabeterches Girt At A peer oe eR AT Sematophyllum Carolinianum.. 3 delicatulum. . Me 2, 3 * 66 recurvans, (Ill, ) iB. .G., Britton: 1-238 ot recurvans....... 43 Soloman 229 ni a ane Gam ies 78, 79 HC ChOCCAM rer asks cuteerres 78, 79 comes SACCA CAR ay el Mew sf ers ces 78, 79 Some Moss Societies, A.J.Grout, 94, 95 MPLACH MACE comity aaa cjevete oe a ates 47 * The Splachums, E. G. Britton, 91, 92, 93 Splachnum ampullaceum,..... 15, 92 ae huitbetinae sivas cane 91, 92 a PUD RU ee ee eee 91, 92 oS Sphaericumy,Jilesee 62 *Stereodon cailichroum...... ... 88 % as plicatile waar ne 42, 43 te plicatulus, Harald Nurse ee ae 82, 83 * ue revolutus.2 7.422 82..83 tereop bh yilimy gs senses ale ene 59 Sticta, (Ill.) C. W. Harris 55, 56, 57, 58, 70 sou fi amplissima . .55, 56, 57, 58, 70 aes antHRASPISH Serena eam 57 me BUT aban ap yee fee iota 56 My CTOCARAM cic ee ee 56, 57, 70 We ae mea) Susaetar st arenes ceamen cals 4) pe pulmonaria .... 56, 57, 58, 70 eps GQuereIZanS” £2)... an wun ale Se Scrobiculata st. Sa Sawa Ee S=E5 a ‘| {f i i a siscdaxedes et tae i) cn OF rf fesles (2)! ie ygosgogagy is gl Fae Owes Miro Ware (ee PLATE V.—O, speciosum (Bry. Eur. Pl, 217). Figs. 2, 3 and 5—Leaves. Figs. 7, 8, 10 and 15—Capsules and peristome. Un een iy We AE h a ! a Ni) H h Vy ly H Hi j ANY | | HUI /; f ‘a | | Hi] Mi i | ane We H i W(t! Hy ! Wt y ant | \ i Aas re Isaac A) saat Ho id | fin a ? ee p n Ul AL! if 00) /Q0) 00 0 d oO > iS ss 18) PLatk VI.—O, sordidum (Icones Muse. Suppl. Pl. 49). He ance O. sorpIDUMS & L. Plate VI. Somewhat resembles the preceding in leaf characters, but the leaves, though acute, are broader pointed with thinner cell walls. It is at once distinguished by the immersed or emergent plicate capsules and smooth segments. ‘The spores mature in late spring or summer, This species is so close to the var. fastzgzatum of O, affine that it may cause confusion, especially as the the teeth of sordidum are often as mark- edly trabeculate at the summit as those of fastzgzatum figured by Limpricht (Laubmoose 2:82), but both affine and its var. are rare. I have not been able clearly to differentiate sordzdum from affime, and incline to the opinion that they are forms of the same species for all except the experts, All our ordinary forms are sordzdum, however. O. affine, iscertainly treated differently by European authors and is exceedingly variable. The capsule of sordidum is often so strongly contracted under the mouth as to resemble strangulatum except for the larger size of the plant and the lighter color of the capsule. O. striatum (L.) Hedw. (O. lezocarpum B, & S.) isa rare species, with capsule almost as smooth asin O. sfectosum, andit has been confused with it by several good bryologists, but the capsules are zmersed or only slightly emergent and ovoid; teeth 76, sefarate, and 16 comparatively broad seg- ments. . In August I have found O. sfectosum, O. sordidum, O. strangulatum, and O. Odioense growing together on fruittrees. O. strangulatum is much the the most abundant, and is easily recognized by the strangulate, dark red- brown capsules appearing as described in thetext. O. Okzoense is about the ‘same size, but the straw-colored capsules catch the eye at once. O. sordidum stands out at once by reason of its greater size and larger leaves and cap- sules less plicate than in O. strangulatum, O. spectosumis somewhat smaller than sordidum, and at this time the capsules are immature with the hairy calyptra still firmly attached. The comparative sizes of sfeczosum and sordaidum is just the reverse of what my herbarium specimens and the book descriptions lead me toexpect, as the specimens of sfectosum I collected were much smaller than those in my collection, I desire to acknowledge my indebtedness to Dr. G. N. Best for notes and specimens, and to Mrs. Britton’s published notes on this genus. This monograph is taken from the MS. of anew moss book now in preparation by the writer. I should be very glad to receive criticisms from any one who may have occa- sion to use it, to the end that I may succeed in making as helpful a book as possible. AL Jen Ge: DESCRIPTION OF PLaTE VI. Fig. r—Plants natural size. Fig. 3—Leaves. Fig. 4—Leaf sections. Fig. 5—Cellular structure of leaf base and apex. Fig. 12—Antheridial branch with antheridium and paraphysis. Fig. 11—Segment of peristome highly magnified. Fig. 13—Superficial stoma. ‘The other figures are self explan- atory. — 14 — KARL GUSTAV LIMPRICHT. By JoHN M. Ho.zincer. Professor Karl Gustav Limpricht, principal of the Evangelical High School in Breslau, Germany, died on October 20, tgo2, after a protracted ill- ness. He was born July 11, 1834, and had reached the age of 68 years. In the death of this man Bryology has lost one of the ablest, most scholarly and conscientious workers of his time; one who was as modest as able. Publishing little if anything in the current bryological journals of his — time, he quietly and unostentatiously spent the best part of the past 20 years in elaborating his Lauwdmoose. After the completion of his Mossflora of Sz7estza he had so fully gained the confidence of his contemporaries that he was selected to contribute to Rabenhorst’s Cry ptogamenfiora, the manu- script for the Hepaticae and Musci of Germany. ‘The Musci have appeared in parts under the title Lauwbmoose Deutchland’s, Oestreich’s, und der Schwetz. The first volume, consisting of 834 pages, with 533 illustrative drawings, was completed in November, 1889, after five years of arduous labor. It goes as far as Hedwigteae. ‘The second volume, consisting of 853 pages, with 867 drawings, was completed in June, 1895. Itincludes Or¢hotrichacee to-Leskeaceae. Each of these volumes was issued in 13 parts, each of the separate parts appearing immediately after its completion. Of the third volume, which appears to be planned to have the same number of parts, I1 have so far appeared. Most of parts 1o and 11 record new stations for old species and species described as new since 1885. According to the plan of the author there will be an alphabetical index including synomyms at the conclusion of the entire work. Volumes 1 and 2 are also indexed separately. After the preface of four pages, in the first volume, the author devotes 85 pages to the discussion of the development and structure of the moss plant and its organs, to geographical distribution, the collecting and study of mosses, and treats briefly of the systems of classification proposed in later years. This is a clear concise, and satisfactory treatment helpful to the systematic student. In the execution of the body of his monumental work the author ihe set for himself a standard to which he has adhered with a steadfastness and a devotion undiminished to the last. After outlining briefly the degrees of excellence attempted in previous manuals, in which a distinct progressive movement is traced commensurate with the perfection and increased availa- bility of the compound microscope, he says: ‘‘ As early as 40 years ago Karl Mueller, at a time when the marks of affinity of mosses were found entirely in the external forms of organs, gave a new direction to systematic bryology by introducing /eaf areolation into the sphere of observation, a tendency which will reach its closing climax in the utilization of the sum total of anatomical characters, both of the vegetative and reproductive or- gans. If, then, every description furnishes also physiological, biological, his- torical and bryo-geographical data, ‘em it approaches the ideal in that it sets forth in brief form a// that is known about the object under consideration. a In this endeavor I have laid the center of gravity of my labor upon explicit description. And I am able to state, without conceit, that in this matter a great abundance of zew characters has been furnished to Bryology; and even each £vown character has been admitted only after carefu/ scrutiny.”’ According to this standard, thus set well in advance of manuals prior to his time, the author has worked out his three long volumes from beginning to end. Thedescriptions go into the greatest detail, and are invaluable to both European and American students of mosses. The Keys to Orders, Genera and Species are excellent, and usually call for the most available diagnostic characters. The treatment of generic names is in many cases elucidated by critical notes, which are gems of historical glimpses of the greatest value to the student of nomenclature problems. Lindberg, the radical reformer in this direction, while often endorsed, is as often set aside for reasons ingeniously and dispassionately stated, all in accordance with a reasonable con- servatism. In his treatment of the species the author follows the prevailing cus- tom, of citing the valid synonyms after the specific name and its literary setting are given. Then he cites all the available exsiccati by name and number, followed by the minute description, which often covers a full page, rarely less than half apage. At the close comes the treatment of habitat, substratum, range in altitude and geographical distribution, with citation of stations, which often cover over half a page of fine print alone! Lastly, it is worthy of note that the author has described not a few species zew to the mossflora to which he has devoted his life. All these descriptions he has garnered into his great work. It is this garnering, this focusing of all available lights upon the objects in hand, this concentrating of all that has a bearing on the questions involved, bringing a// together between the covers of one treatise, that establishes the reputation of Professor Limpricht as one of the most thorough bryologists of his time, and that gives undoubted value and authority to the crowning effort of his life, his Laubmoose Deutchland’s, Oestreich s und der Schwezz. Winona, Minn. Note—We have just received from Prof. Holzinger a communication giving much interesting information regarding the earlier works of Lim pricht which materially adds to the above data, It is too late to print it in this issue but it will be given in full in the March BryYo_ocist. WANTED. Enough good fruiting material of the following mosses to make 20-30 good sized specimens of each: Pogonatum urnigerum, Dicranum Drum- mondii, Pottia truncatula, Splachnum ampullaceum, Mnium Drummondii, Plagiothecium sylvaticum, Brachythecium acuminatum, Eurhynchium hians, Climacium dendroides, C. Americanum, Leucodon bracypus and L. julecus, | A liberal exchange from a choice list of duplicates is offered in return, Address, A. J. Grout, 360 Lenox Road, Brooklyn, N. Y. SG CURRENT BRYOLOGICAL LITERATURE. Species of European and North American Bryineae. By Nits ConrapD KINDBERG. This work was published by P. M. Sahlstroems at Linképing, Sweden, n 1896, and an attempt is made to use English throughout, since the work was designed to aid the moss students of both continents. There are three parts. The first, paged separately from 1-40, treats the ‘‘ Genera—syn- optically disposed.” The second and third parts are paged continuously from 1-410, and take up the ‘‘Species—synoptically described.” In the preface to this second part the author states his purpose briefly thus: ‘«The present treatise is an attempt to revise and compare all hitherto known species and subspecies of Bryinez, found in Europe and North America, .... About 1,600 species and 340 subspecies are described... .” And this he has attempted to: accomplished by re-describing all species of which he was able to secure typical material, surely a heroic effort. Necessarily, most of the so-called descriptions are but skeletons of diagnos- tic sketches. And with so vast a number of species to be passed in review by one man, single handed, it would have been a miracle if errors had not crept in. To use the author’s own words in setting forth his effort: ‘‘I have therefore not described selected specimens in all their parts, but generally omitted such characters as evidently are too variable. When some species are critical or hitherto not well known, I have tried to propose all their necessary distinctive characters. To facilitate the determination of sterile specimens, so often occurring, I have accurately described the areola- tion of the leaves and the common habit of the vegetals.” But accuracy in the strict sense, in such a bryological attempt, of such magnitude, is at best difficult to attain. In critical cases it will therefore not do to rely upon these brief characterizations. The author’s method of citing authorities, if method it can be called, dis- regards all present usage. Of bracket authorities he is innocent. One illustration will suffice: TZetraphis pellucida (L.) Hedw., or Georgia pellu- cida (L.) Rabenh., he writes simply Georgza pellucida L. It is hardly worth while to point out other irregularities in this direction. Suffice it to say that the author seems out of joint with his contemporary colleagues, on nomen- clature certainly; in a measure also in his views on diagnosing new species, many of which have been compelled to seek refuge under familiar names. In spite of these drawbacks, the venerable author, a voluminous, enthusiastic and earnest worker on mosses, has rendered a considerable _service to Bryology in the production of his Bryinez, which cannot but be of the greatest service, as a reference book, to cautious workers on both continents who know enough not to rely too implicitly on its pages, : J. M. Ho.uzincer. =" REPORTS OF THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER. PRESIDENT’S REPORT. It is a pleasure to say that since my last annual report the Sullivant Moss Chapter has continued to prosper, its workings have been mutually satisfactory, and the relations existing between officers and members most cordial, Aside from a few topics of minor importance to which Miss Wheeler, our efficient Secretary-Treasurer, has kindly called my attention, the duties devolving upon me have been chiefly the determining of speci- mens of our members. While many of these were common species and, therefore, easily disposed of, others were more or less critical, often neces- sitating considerable labor and research. In behalf of the incoming President I would suggest that only such material be sent him as actually needs the assistance of an expert for its determination. Our official organ, THE BRYOLOGIsT, although conducted on a somewhat higher plane than formerly, is ably edited and merits our support and patronage. In all of its departments it is doing a grand work for American bryology. For amateurs as well as professionals it is simply indispensable. In conclusion, I wish to sincerely thank the members of the Chapter and my official associates for the kind consideration they have shown me during the two years I have tried to serve them as presiding officer, Respectfully submitted, GaN. Best. REPORT OF THE SECRETARY. During the year 1902, 24 names have been added to the roll of member- ship of the Sullivant Moss Chapter, 9 members have withdrawn and one member, Mr. A. G. Wetherby, has died; 118 members are now enrolled. The Chapter herbarium has been enriched by contributions from various quarters and represents 95 genera and 273 species and varieties, many of the species being several times duplicated. A valuable set of Colorado mosses has been presented by Mrs. Streeter, some interesting ones have come from Florida and a handsome collection from the Pacific coast has recently been contributed by Dr. J. W. Baily of Seattle, Wash. Warm appreciation of the Bryo.oaisr and its increase of matter is frequently expressed in the com- munications received from members; the correspondence between members is fairly maintained, interest and enthusism in the study prevails and serious work is done, not only by professional, but by amateur bryologists. | Respectfully submitted, HARRIET WHEELER, Secretary. — REPORT OF THE TREASURER. The following statement for the year 1902 is respectively submitted: RECEIPTS. DISBURSEMENTS. By check from former treas- To. Bryologists..) See $ 57.50 “Ter, Jans 10,1902) hs vn Ono “ Herbarium Supplies... 7 3.10 By dues from members. -. 7. 72.00 ‘« Herbarium Cases nee 2.25 —_—— ‘(Express changes... 1.00 $82.50 ** Postage... 0). ee 3.80 ‘ Account book ane ee £25 ‘<, Stationery oie ( T.05 $68.95 Cash in hand, Dec. 1, 1902) 3°? 13.55 $82.50 Miss Harriet WHEELER, HARRIET WHEELER, Treasurer, Secretary Sullivant Moss Chapter. The following report of the election of officers of the Chapter for the year 1903, is respectfully submitted: Whole numberof votes cast... 0... .fh2) os ike 8 ee ee 26 For PRESIDENT.—Prof. J, M. Holzinger. . 2... 4.0.02. . fosy nee 20 MroE. ‘M: Chamberlain: 22.5.) 330 eee . 6-—26 For Vicr-PrEes;—Mr. Wim.C. Barbour: .). 22354.) 1a eee 21 DriAw FE: Ke Krout..... 6 o0osseu pee ee eee 5—26 EoOR SEC:-REAS,— Miss) Harriet Wheelers ..0... 0 osc a LG ee 20 Mrsef..Di Lowe vs... oe, ee 6—26 Prof. Holzinger, Mr. Barbour, and Miss Wheeler are elected. AuicE L. CrockertT, Judge of Election. LIST OF MEMBERS. Adams, Miss: Carrie(H, geen), bee es Hinsdale, N. H. ela raas Mats ML. Pe ar Sue eee yak aegis 361 Madison street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Ainslie, Mr. CharlesN.. ..... Cpr Nae as First National Bank, Rochester, Minn. mathony., Mrs, -Emibiage oa ae, Mitte ci. cnt eens keer Gouverneur, N. Y, Pade Oty Witt, in oe ieee leet e tess! Univ. of California, Berkley, Cal. Baileys: Miss. Bx, eee tee oY. 830 Amsterdam avenue, N., Y. City. Bailey, Wri]. Wes aos Se eee ee eek 12 Downs Block, Seattle, Wash. Barbour, Mir. Wi, 2C. is ako Wrage aan foeia scp a Bite Low dene aie eee Sayre, Pa. Barnes. Prot: Charles Ri. soe Dep’t Botany, Univ. Chicago, Chicago, Il. Barnes, Miss Hadith, 2.5. eaten ween. ac cknrce es Meee ee Northboro, Mass. Best, Dri GeorsewNy oye eee Melee ic. e ohe Pe came ae Rosemont, New Jersey. Billings) Miss Mlivatpetia ca rwiaus cute acts aie) Poli aauenta vee Woodstock, Vt. Bonser, Mr Thomas Aerators ce Carey, Wyandot County, Ohio. Britton, Mrs. Elizabeth G....... Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City. Brown, Mr, Mdearia Div. of Botany, Dep’t Agric., Washington, D. C. Bryant, Miss°E! Biz ay ES aria Sar .32 Reedsdale street, Allston, Mass. Carr vMiss'C. Movi Garey SRS USF AP Weta cle a pedites oe cs Meer ee ge eels South Sudbury, Mass. Carters Mrs, JR Ae ee ae eae tate atone weed 37 Church street, Laconia, N. H. Chamberlain, Mrs Wdive Wien wees us Gat rch drove ae Cumberland Centre, Maine. Chrapiia, Wisi) Ta) Ne ee eet ste cect cwenct ays oe Hotel Margaret, Brooklyn, N. Y. Chase, Mrss Aonest tiie re senior ye Lie sa! 5515 Monroe avenue, Chicago, Ill. Chase, Mir. Vir oriitis eee ee ote iersre 5 Baers Wady Petra, Stark County, Il. Cheney, Prof: 1: Sierra ec pe oer 318 Brown street. Madison, Wis. Choate, Miss Alice Dc tererncr ie since 3400 Morgan street, St. Louis, Mo — 19 — OLE S210.) OS a oe ee 52 Hartford street, Roxbury, Mass. Metamee MSS Cord: Fro. ieee vere sosee ne gt Mt. Vernon street, Boston, Mass. ieee Vint TS ose ls =e Bite Paty Ne 31 Wells street, Hartford, Conn. Clarke) Mrs, Sarah L........ Pee eer ates,” 1 West 81st street, N. Y. City. WomimouNr. |}. Pranklin.... 0.2.0 ...l..0- 468 Hope street, Providence, R. I. Woomes, WMrs. Laura M.,,..,......6...5+- Queens, Queens County, N. Y. City. Bee cmummvlrn IU ZR by. ek. Ceti a gaig tte ce cig es Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. LPR ORE, SU STE Bet Die aa ea a a a teeta «te Camden, Maine. Cummings, Miss Clara E........ be omy see Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass. Wittman wns, MWlizabeth Br... 2... cee eee Box 47, Hendersonville, N. C. Cushman, Miss Mary H....... Nie tas eee 300 North Fifth street, Reading, Pa. Weacveestiss Alice Ho. ee ee 28 Ward street, South Boston, Mass. Bare ap retin OTM OS cleat ies acs fo rae ON Sota eu ctuielte avis’. 4 6 wis vee «ae Emma, Mo. Bay cot ae ite ANA Ais aS vio. Payee lee wo cel el oD nce iis Oe Seabrook, N. H isveavine. Amelia Pin. oc. c a. od ee 141 North ue street, Lancaster, Pa. Myans, dr, Alex W ....:...:. ..... 2 Hillhouse avenue, New Haven, Conn. Bismen~ vir; George Lo. ...... 15 East street, St. Thomas, Ontario, Canada. Fletcher, Mr. S. W 1 ote ates NOLS in ea OIE UL ORS nese te Pepperell, Mass. LOGI NSIS, Je AT Bia Aa co a a ee Middletown, Pa. TAAL SG APS ON CoN NSIS BSS a ee ee ay eae Clayville; INN seinem Wit. Clarles Woe... eee bss Pateadest Rockland County, N. Y. Gilson, Miss Helen D ... ... Ny Seal 3 SOR ae 50 Williams street, Rutland, Vt. OMS VG PeIMeS) AN ce Sa. tie Maye os le ae ee .... Susquehanna, Pa. Kcreenaleh, Mr, Wallace ............. 54 North Pine avenue, Albany, N. Y. Greever Mim ©, Oy) s.o5.: Re atte 1345 East Ninth street, DesMoines, Iowa. Ge Sore Nirse tt Di esac hele. ae Southern Pines, No Ge Mott Ot Ae x ke pO eee "360 Lenox Road, Brooklyn, N. Y. Piagleye Maso atal Bes... gee dace si ee ees South Canterbury, Conn. Plarnic irs, Carolyn W:.... 0.56.4. 125 St. Marks avenue, Brooklyn. N. Y. Plager WiwSOn Pik oc ss wah ~| ,ochooleBoresiny, Ithaca, N.Y. dante Wiss Mary Hoi... 6. Dep’t Biology, Western College, Oxford, Ohio, Ey mes. Mass Caroline Cosi): 0... . 16 East 36th street, New York City. SL) 4 MG. eae PSR en arise nn ae 7100 Eggleston avenue, Chicago, Ill. LSLINUIL, IRC TTCRSS 0s gure wR a a a 48 Pleasant street, Concord, N. H. ISG LAU ASICs, TSMC OY La i ke A nk ag mt eet Winona, Minn. House, Mr. Homer D. New York Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City, PounmtelraarO tar Ta: io NV ATLEIN 2. cy. 4 es orcad so dig sek Sarees ves Amesbury, Mass. teiecomuMnr STOSsephi a) 2 6.2. ya. eee 15 Woodland street, Worcester, Mass. Jennings, Mrs,. Eleanor... .c...0..0. Se Ss 150 Elm street, Albany, N. Y. RGEC, Ge 82 Bie car arn Un Arcere 1 West 72d street, N. Y. City. Paes ay pel) iG CONme: Gah ert vo eee ek yea ee Readville, Mass. PGroie Ey hOm aug bes Ker ee en Oa ey ee Glenolden, Delaware Co., Pa. imemponeye Mise Siu... bee Pee hee 2 Guild street, Concord. N. H. Mippincott, Mr. Charles D...,...... tae ee Swedesboro, New Jersey. Meoren7 pMiISS: ANNIC =o. oe... oe ee ee 96 Garden street, Hartford, Conn. Mamcins) Josephine ol kei ek. Noroton, Faiceele Con Conn, iMac Elwee, Mr. Alex............. 4936 Aspen street, West Philadelphia, Pay Marshall, Miss M. A Still River, Mass acie}nep en ey le fe, siy'v| Feinia) (all/ephe! se! Jo) ville. c@Mie. ef; e Oe 6 @. 0) elne)h pe! aj et, &) ie) « —=1 20 —= Martens, Mri) 2 Wa) t ed ace usu wee Shrub Oak, Westchester County, N. Y. Mathews, Miss (Caroline. 0.) (iter oe Cae cee ee eee Waterville, Maine. Maxon, Mar {Wi WR’ se ee ae U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. MeConnell Mrs{S.. Dis cis se ee. 781 Madison avenue, New York City. McDonald, Mr. Frank E.:.................417-California ayenue, Peonarin = Metcalf; Mrs; Riri ia aie Mite eer cc yn none ene ee Hinsdale, N. H. Miller, Miss BerthaS................4 Inwood Place, Upper Montelair N; Jc Maller’iMiss a\laty hee wo nee se a 1109 M street, N. W. Washington, D,. C. Manick wMiss sNeliGee a) oe sarees 28 East Walnut street, Oneida, N. Y. Moseley; Mrs. Frances, (Brey ea. ea. os! cies ose Sere cee ee Poultney, Vt. Moses; Miss), OSepihiitci ear pele can 616 East 7th street, Jamestown, N. Y. Newman) Rev, is. 0\ie) eer cor. 10th and G street, N. W. Washington, D. C. OGounor wr Hele n (Cox wee eiae ae 2. es: 7 West 42d street, New York City. Painier, Vins he becca le ppareyae a. 613 Putnam avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. Perrine, Miss Wura Wee State Normal School. Valley City, N. Dakota. Pitt ire Charlesi@ hoes eeyctn 2 . ....1706 Hanover street, Baltimore, Md. Pollard, MireOALiiet ees ee eh U.S. National Museum, Washington, D. C. Putter. "Nirs* ames jpecwer cts cee ee eto ee eee Box 39, Sudbury, Mass. Ria pal HOE Ve PID Mee ek hires oon fata cena Sanford, Orange Co., Fla. Rread Mirs Re. Mn Uy ye eae fete e ita ie oa ona ke 475 Tremont street, Boston, Mass. Rachards,«Mrs. Percivalgp 4. #2. 106 Brooks street, West Medford, Mass. Robison, Mir, C 7B cae! eee aes toa loys Sine ee Seton ae Pictou, Nova Scotia. SAmbOLn WNIGS DAtra ryan emma de celata/ che 54 Centre street, Concord Nee Samad ers. Mra ME eter os. waste ee int ic. or 307 Walnut street, Philadelphia, Pa. Schumacher, Miss Rosalie 2 ince. bic 2 oy (een pee seer Millington, N, J. Seeley, rs:. J. Ae See ee ee ere MCSE of 104 State street, Ogdensburg, N. Y. Sanaa wNass Abbe vie ee) a ten ee ie 2. enn: Wine ge a Northboro, Mass. Smith. Mrs.Annie Morrill 2 = sins. 2. 78 Orange street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Smith oe Mrs; Charles Gry 5. ree weer. 286 Marlborough street, Boston, Mass. Stevems< Mrs, Ml Taauiy Ge tele en aioe 16 Columbia street, Brookline, Mass. Stockberoer, Prot. dWeaNy ce eatin tains oiee Denison Univ. Granville, Ohio, Streeter. (Mrs. Wis. rete eS oes ithasie pitas ae ors 113 Hooper street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Sh wltz avin PW. eee Sete ele ees 103 West Second street, Duluth, Minn. Talbott—Mrs.dlaura Osborne.) sack, ae. ‘‘The Lexox,” Washington, ima: Phompson, Missi ster Tt ets toile el bse Box 407, Litchfield, Conn, Thompson, Mrs, H. G........950 West Washington street, Los Angeles, Cal. Van der Bikes. Mr: vPanal ein. Wenge shee tepe cis rege s-s ooereict pe ces ian ee Osceola, Wis. Warner. Missshdittia Awe. EO Se nesehions street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Weir, "Miss HEZabe tine on ices sc tert ceusro de nets ech Aelia) ticker aa Concord, Mass. Wetherby, Miss Louise. 2 22a. Magnetic City, Mitchell County, N.C. Wheeler, Miss Harriet.t.:. j32...... Wks. s Chatham, Columbia County, N. Y. Wheeler, Miss Jane....... eee heak ol, « Srosohinaes 248 Lark street, Albany, N. Y. Wheeler, Mr, ‘Joli Agi eer ee er et oor. wove eal) oe ciehor et pareeacenee Milford, N. H. Wilhams- ors. Mary Soe pn enact. ei. 1536 Pine street, Philadelphia, Pa. Williams? R- 7S...) ich meee ..Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, N. Y. City. Windle? Mr. cBrancis so. coher ares see 8 South High street, Westchester, Pa. CHAPTER NOTES CONTINUED. - Dr. J. W. Bailey, 12 Downs Block, Seattle, Wash., desires, for purpose of comparison, the gift or loan of a specimen of /sothectum mysurotdes. Miss Harriet Wheeler, Chatham, N. Y., would like to communicate with any members who have make a special study of the genus Sphaguum. OFFERINGS. [To Chapter members only—for postage. | Dr. J. W. Bailey, 12 Downs Block, Seattle, Wash. Ceratodon minor Aust. ; Aulacomnium androgynum Schwaegr.; Bryum cirrhatum Hoppe.; Or- thotrichum pulchellum var. leucodon Vent. Mrs. R. H. Carter, 37 Church street, Laconia, N. H. Aypnum fluttans pin- natum Boul. Mr. J. Warren Huntington, Amesbury, Mass. /Pottza truncatula (L.) Lindb. Pterigynandrum filiforme Hedw. Mrs. Mary E. Williams, 1536 Pine street, Philadelphia, Pa. Octoblepharum albtidum Hedw. Mr. Edw. B. Chamberlain, 1830 Jefferson Place, Washington. D.C. Drum- mondia prorepens (Hedw.) E. G. 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Devoted to the encouragement of the study of Nature in her varied aspects—of the Rocks, the Birds, the Flowers, and all the multitude of living things that crawl, or swim, or walk, or fly. Terms fifty cents per annum in advance. NATURE STUDY, Manchester, N. +-. S rarinrnnjinnnriniwuiann teen nn a Ne ee En FLU ULL LULL, PULL LLL LLL LLL SLL rn nonnannann ff "4 J 2 * an - "4 a UAW OULU on Uo or OLUIIE VI. NUMBER 2 Si MARCH, 1903 AN ILLUSTRATED BIMONTHLY DEVOTED TO NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS EDITORS : ABEL JOEL GROUT and ANNIE MORRILL SMITH CONTENTS Notes on certain Cladonias, (L7lius.) Bruce Fink and Mabel in anand, Hepatics-Lejeunea, (///is.) , : LT WE OL BaLOOUT, Karl Gustave Limpricht, (?ar7 2d.) j. M. Flolzinger, Mosses of Alaska, (2eview) Some Notes on Collecting, . ; : salto Pogonatum brevicaule, i ; f ; We tea Me Ga OK ea Psilopilum Tschuctschicum, é : R.S. Williams, Mnium insigne, _. : ‘ mee ees, Neehorsom. Sullivant Moss Chapter Notes, HE BRYOLOGIST Report Lichen Department, : : Carolyn W., Harris, 40 2 Published by the Editors, 78 Orange St., Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A. 5 PRESS OF MC BRIDE & STERN, 97-99 CLIFReSTREET, NEWYORK. P, | ’ Tae’, fw Ay ” THE BRYOLOGIST A BIMONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS. ALSO OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER OF THE AGGASIZ ASSOCIATION, Subscription Price, $1.00 a year. 20c.acopy. Four issues 1898, 35c. Four issues 1899. 35¢. ‘Together, eight issues, 50c. Four issues 1900, 50c. Four issues rgor, 50c. Four Vols. $1.50 Six issues 1902, $1.00. A blue pencil mark here indicates that your subscription has expired. Short articles and notes on mosses solicited from all students of the mosses. Address manu- script to A. J. Grout, Boys’ High School, Brooklyn, N. VY. Address all inquiries and sub- scriptions to Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith, 78 Orange Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. 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FOR SALE.—A complete set of The Fern Bulletin, except Nos. 1 and 3 of Vol. IV., up to Jan., 1903. Price, $6.00. Address, DR. A. J. GROUT, 360 Lenox Road, Brooklyn, N. Y. WANTED.—Drummond’s Musci Amer. and Sullivant’s Musci Allegh. Address, Mrs. ANNIE MORRILL SMITH, 78 Orange Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. WANTED.—Hepatice, all kinds, from all localities. Those of South and West especially desired. Address, WM. C. BARBOUR, Sayre, Pa. LE NATURALISTE CANADIEN Bulletin mensuel, illustré, de recherches, observations et découvertes se rapportant a V’histoire naturelle du Canada. La seule revue scientifique de langue francaise publiée en Amérique. $1.00 par année. Envoi gratuit de numéros spécimens. S’adresser a M. L?’ABBE V. A. HUARD, Quebec, Canada. oi. ae ees a . . * 2 ‘ ea Ps) . “ ies 1% r 4 e * — : . 7 — } ———s » i - — a ~ ~ Sr ( : y a i ee" . f “=. a ' ‘ 5 3 * 4 ‘ \ Os mes - = ‘ ~ . v .¢ 0 Pare VII. Fig. 1—Cladonia rangiferina Fig 2—C. syl- vatica. Fig. 3—C. alpestris. Fig. 4—C. amauro craea. Fig. 5—C. uncialis. lig. 6—C. cenotea. Fig. 7—C. turgida. The photographs are all from plants that have been seen by Dr. Wainto, Reduced one guarter. es — = 7 Poaceae ae er o AS ea ye en ha ae "AIZAVUDO au ‘Aq Ag usas U29Q | To gga Rae a Pirie SRY OLOGIs |. WoL. V I; MARCH, 1903. No, 2. NOTES ON CERTAIN CLADONIAS. By Bruce Fink AND MasBet A. HUSBAND. PrarEn Vil: The western hemisphere surpasses the eastern in number of C/adonzias and in number of species peculiar to the hemisphere, hence the genus should have a special interest for the American student of lichens, While ~ this is true, it remains a fact that our American descriptions of C/ladonzas have been, without exception, wholly inadequate and many of our determina- ' tions consequently incorrect. C/adonias are the most variable of all of our lichens and therefore the most difficult to describe definitely. Fortunately, the most variable characters are those which may be studied with the eye or with a good hand lens, and yet nothing but the most careful observation will enable one to determine a C/Vadonza with any degree of certainty even with the best descriptions. Size, form, color, lobing and branching and the presence or absence of cortex and soredia must be constantly kept in mind in the consideration of the horizontal thallus and yet more in the study of the podetia. As to microscopic examination, it may be said that the spores, usually of considerable importance in determination, are here so constant in size and form that they may usually be neglected in descriptions. The same may be said of the algal cells. The so-called hypothallus is seldom seen and is of no use in the determination of C/adonias. Also those doubtful structures, the sSpermagones and the spermatia may be entirely neglected, while there is serious doubt as to the diagnostic value of chemical tests in the determina- tion of any lichens. The minute anatomy of the thallus may yet be found to have some value in determination, but our investigations do not indicate that it is of sufficient importance to warrant adding to the necessarily long descriptions of such variable plants as the C/adonzas. With this short preliminary statement let us pass to the consideration of afew of the species; and we make no plea for beginning with the more conspicuous and better known C/adonzas, for there is urgent need for care- ful study of every species. It is hoped that good descriptions of a few Cladonias may enable those interested in these plants to observe some char- acters usually quite overlooked. We have selected for description a num- ber of C/adonias that are very commonly confused by American lichenists. CLADONIA RANGIFERINA (L.) Web. in Wigger’s Prin. Fl. Hols. 90. 1780. Primary thallus rarely developed, when present crustaceous, delicate and composed of subglobose, depressed or irregular, clustered or scattered verrucae, which are .20-.40 mm. in diameter, ashy white and destitute of cortical layer. Podetia, without cortex, arising from the surface of the ver- rucae, or often as branches of old or dying podetia, or from free fragments The January BRYOLOGIST was issued December 27th, 1902. G9) wee of old podetia, dying at the base and increasing in length at the top, 30-200 mm. long and .7-3 mm. in diameter, subcylindrical and cupless, subdicho- tomously or subradiately branched, the short branches usually unilaterally deflexed and their axils somewhat dilated and frequently perforate, erect or rarely ascending or even decumbent, clustered or often confusingly subsoli- tary among other lichens, grayish or grayish-brown, the apices subulate and furcellate, the sterile onescommonly nutant and often brownish. Apothecia small, .5-2 mm. in diameter, corymbose, solitary or clustered .at the apices of the branches, immarginate, convex, the disk commonly brown. Hypo- thecium colorless or the sub-hymenial portion brownish. Hymenium brown above and pale-brownish below. Paraphyses usually simple, thickened at the pale or brownish apex. Asci cylindrico-clavate, the apical wall thick- ened), (Pigs 1.) The plant grows on earth and over rocks covered by more or less humus. It also occurs in a degenerate condition on old wood. It is our largest Cladonia, single clusters being often three feet in diameter and standing a foot high in the most favorable habitats in northern regions. ‘his lichen is _ known in nearly every part of ali the continents. CLADONIA SYLVATICA (L.) Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. 114. 1796. Primary thallus rarely developed, when present crustaceous, delicate and composed of subglobose scattered or clustered verrucae, which are .12-.48 mm. in diameter, straw-gold colored and destitute of a cortical layer. Podetia without cortex, commonly formed from branches of old or dying podetiaor rarely arising from the verrucae of the primary thallus, dying atthe base and increasing in length at the top, 30-150mm. long and .5-4.5 mm. in diameter, cylindrical or subcylindrical, cupless, frequently somewhat dilated in the axils which are often perforate, dichotomously or finally sympodially or radiately branched, one or two radii becoming larger and erect, the others short and usually unilaterally or irregularly fasciculate and deflexed, the upper branches not much shortened and forming lcose clusters, growing in dense clusters or subsolitary among other lichens and mosses, erect or rarely ascending or decumbent, often minutely webby-tomentose, whitish — or yellow-straw-colored, or light sea-green, apices subulate and very minutely radiate or furcate spinous, the upper sterile ones often more or less nutant and especially these upper ones frequently brown or brownish. Apothecia small, .5-1.2 mm. in diameter, arranged in corymbs, solitary or clustered at the apices of the branches. having at first a very thin margin and finally immarginate, convex or depressed convex, the disk brown. Hypothecium almost colorless or ‘the subhymenial portion brownish. Hymenium brownish above and pale or pale-brownish below. Paraphyses usually simple, somewhat thickened at the pale or brownish apex. Asci clavate with walls thickened at the apex. (Fig. 2). This lichen grows with the last and is very closely related toit. The American and foreign distribution of the two is about the same, and they are found growing in the same clusters in a most confusing way. How- ever, the first plant described is somewhat larger as arule, the branching is i ; meet — somewhat different, the tomentose condition scarcely marked, the color of the thallus on the whole duller and the spinous apices of the branches absent. CLADONIA SYLVATICA (L.) Hoffm. var. LAxIuscULA (Del.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Wty. 1:20, 1887. Podetia slender, quite long, abundantly dichotomously and sparingly radiately branched, the sterile apices nutant. Determined from Minnesota by Dr. Wainio. Apparently new to America and little known in Europe. CLADONIA syLvatica (L.) Hoffm. var. syLvesrris (Oed.) Wainio Mon. Clad. Univ. F:20. 1386. The more tomentose condition, having rather more slender podetia and the apices of the branches more inclined to be straight. This variety was determined for us from Minnesota by Dr. E. Wainio. It is doubtless widely distributed in America, though it has seldom been distinguished from the usual form of the species. Dr. Wainio has also given us the name CLADONIA SYLVATICA (L.) Hoffm. var. pumiLa (Ach.) Del. in Dub. Bot. Gall. 621. 1830, but the plant seems to be simply a small form of the above variety. CLADONIA ALPESTRIS (L.) Rabenh. Clad. Eur. Exsic. 11. 1860. Primary thallus rarely developed, when present crustaceous, delicate and consisting of subglobose or irregular, clustered or scattered verrucae, which are .16-.28 mm. in diameter, straw-colored and destitute of a cortical layer. Podetia arising from the verrucae of the primary thallus or often from old or dying podetia or from free fragments of dying podetia, dying at the base and increasing in length at the top, 50-200 mm. long and .5-2.5 mm. in diameter, subcylindrical, often somewhat dilated in the axils, cupless, subdichotomously or more commonly radiately or fasciculately branched, frequently from four to six branches surrounding a perforation in the axil, one or more branches becoming erect and larger, the others remaining short and becoming finally unilaterally fasciculate and deflexed, the upper branches shorter and forming dense thrySses, caspitosely clustered, erect, without. cortex and more or less webby-tomentose, whitish or yellowish straw-colored, the apices subulate and frequently spinous, more commonly straight and sometimes colored brown. Apothecia small, .3-.5 mm. in diameter, disposed in dense corymbs at the apices of the branches, solitary, clustered or confluent, at first thin margined, finally immarginate, convex, the disk brown (or brick-red?). Hypothecium pale or pale brownish. Hymenium brownish above and pale below. Paraphyses simple or rarely branched, sometimes enlarged toward the apex. Asci clavate to cylindrico- clavate, the apical wallthickened. (Fig. 3). Occurs with the two species above described, frequently intermingled in the same clusters and is more beautiful in color, delicacy of branching and arrangement of clusters than either of them. ‘The three lichens are very closely related, and only the most careful study willenable one to distinguish the best marked forms, to say nothing of a multiplicity of intermediate con- ditions. The usual absence of the primary thallus and the peculiar origin of what may be call secondary podetia from other podetia, the dying away at the base and the frequent great luxuriance are characters common to the three species. The last one, like the other two, has a wide American and foreign distribution, but it is more confined to cold regions than the first two. pom: CLADONIA AMAUROCRAEA (L.) Schaer. Lich. Helv. 34. 1823. Primary thallus usually disappearing early, composed of small usually ascending squamules, which are .5-1.7 mm. long and .16~.29 mm. wide, crenate or digitate-incised, scattered or clustered, sea-green above and whitish below and covered by a continuous cortical layer. Podetia usually arising from old podetia, from free fragments of old podetia or rarely from the surface of the primary thallus, dying at the base and increasing in length at the top, 15-120 mm. long and .5-3 mm. in diameter, cupless and subcylindrical or more rarely cup-bearing, dichotomously, radiately or rarely irregularly or fasciculately branched, the axils closed or rarely perforate, branches spreading, the apices tapering and subulate and terminated by spines, cymose branchlets or cups, forming larger or smaller clusters, erect ascending or decumbent with straight apices, having a continuous or areolate cortex, without squamules or sparcely squamulose toward the base, straw-colored to sea-green or rarely whitish between the areoles of the cortex, usually brownish toward the apices, the basal dead portions frequently of a darker color. Cups quite abruptly dilated and becoming 5 mm. in diameter, — perforate or imperforate, frequently oblique, the margin finally spinous or radiately proliferous. Apothecia of medium size, .7-3 mm.in diameter, soli- tary or clustered at, the apices of the branches, thinly margined or at length immarginate, plane or convex, sometimes perforate and lobed, the disk pale to brown (or even brick-red?), Hypothecium pale. Hymenium brownish above and pale or yellowish below. Paraphyses simple or rarely branched and scarcely thickened at the pale or brownish apex. Asci cylindrico- clavate, the apical wall thickened. (Fig. 4). : Common in the extreme northern portion of the United States and Canada, but found further south only in the mountains. Grows on earth and on rocks covered by humus. Also widely distributed in foreign lands, but confined to cold regions. The plant is frequeutly confused with forms of Cladonia furcata and yet more frequently with the next below. CLADONIA UNCIALIS (L.) Web in Wigger’s Prim. Fl. Hols. 90. 1780. Primary thallus usually disappearing early, composed of small, usually ascending squamules, which are.5-1 mm. long and .o8-.15 mm. wide, cren- ate or incised-crenate, clustered or scattered, sea-green to straw-colored above and whitish below, having a continuous cortical layer. Podetia usually arising from old or dying branches or fragments of podetia or rarely from the margin of the primary thallus, dying at the base and increasing in length at the top, 25-100 mm. long and 1-3.5 mm. in diameter, cupless and subcylindrical, sometimes slightly dilated in the axils, dichotomously, sym- podially or radiately branched, branches all elongated or some of them short — 25 — and all more or less spreading, erect, ascending or decumbent, axils fre- quently perforate and the sides of the podetia also rarely perforate, cortex subcontinuous or areolate, the areoles smooth or somewhat raised, destitute of squamules, straw-colored to sea-green or the decorticate portions between the areoles white, the dead portion below frequently darker, the apices subu- late and straight and frequently spinous and not infrequently brownish. Apothecia small, .5-.9 mm. in diameter, solitary or clustered at the ends of short radiately or cymosely arranged apices, thinly margined or without margin, plane or somewhat convex, the disk pale to brown. Hypothecium pale or colorless. Hymenium brownish above and pale or pale-brownish below. Paraphyses simple, rarely cohering, the pale apices very slightly thickened. Asci clavate or cylindrico-clavate, the apical wall thickened. (ite: 5). Grows on earth or on rocks covered by humus. The plant is found inall parts of North America and is quite cosmopolitan in its foreign distribution also. The species is usually a shorter plant than the last with rather stouter podetia, whose apices are rather more obtuse. Yet in northern regions where both species occur, the shorter cupless conditions of the last fre- quently seem to pass into the present species. CLADONIA UNCIALIS (L.) Web. var. oprusata(Ach.) Nyl. Syn. Meth. Lich. 215. 1860, The plant of Acharius was of the usual size with minute axilary perfora- tions, was densely radiate-branched and had obtuse more or less spinous summits. Ours from Oak Island, Lake of the Woods, and determined by Dr. Wainio, is a stout plant, the podetia reaching 3 or 4 mm. in diameter. The axilliary perforations are by no means minute, and the summits of the branches are scarcely spinous, though quite obtuse. The podetia reach 65 mm. inlength. The specimen is well supplied with small apothecia and seems very near Cladonia Boryt, Tuck. Known in Europe, but not pre- viously reported from Americasofarasweknow. Perhaps Cladonia uncialis (ay vebevar. 7uvgescens (schaer.) Del.in Dub. Bot. Gall. 620. 1830, and Cladonia unctalts (L.) Web. var. dilacerata Leight. Not. Lich. Richards, 191. 1866, should be noticed as both have been reported from North America. CLADONIA CENOTEA (Ach.) Schaer. Lich. Helv. 35. 1823. Primary thallus persistent or finally disappearing, composed of middling sized, irregularly or subdigitately incised, more or less ascending, flat or involute, clustered or scattered squamules, which are whitish, sea-green, brownish or olivaceous, 1-3.5 mm, long and .10-.30 mm, wide. Podetia arising from the surface of the primary thallus, sometimes dying at the base but slowly increasing in length at the top, 10-85 mm. long and .5-q4 mm. in diameter, cylindrical, turbinate or irregularly turgescent, commonly erect, cup-bearing, decorticate and sorediate or corticate toward the base, with- out squamules or squamulose toward the base, white, ashy, sea-green or brownish or these colors variegated, the lower dead portion ususally darker, the sides and the apices usually perforate. Cups 2-8 mm. in diameter, commonly perforate, becoming repeatedly proliferate. Apothecia small, ed and rare in ours, .5-1.5 mm. in diameter, subsolitary or more or less clus- tered on the margins of the cups or at the apices of the branches, most com- monly immarginate, plane to convex, often perforate, the disk flesh-colored to brown. Hypothecium pale or pale-brownish. Hymenium brownish or pale above and pale or pale-brownish below. Paraphyses often thickened and sometimes branched toward the pale apex. Asci clavate, the apical wall thickened, commonly containing six spores. (Fig. 6). Grows on earth or old wood, and in the western hemisphere is confined to the northern half of North America, including the extreme northern part of the United States. Common to all the grand divisions of the eastern hemisphere. Certain conditions are sometimes confused with the last species, but more commonly with the next below. Dr. Wainio has referred one of Tuckerman’s specimens, (Tuck. Lich. Amer, Exsic. no. 125. 1854) to Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaer. var. crossota (Ach.) Nyl. Lich. Scand. 57. 1861, and gives description, which in absence of specimen conveys no dis- tinct idea, CLADONIA TURGIDA (Ehrh.) Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. 124. 1796. Primary thallus persistent or finally disappearimg, composed of large foliose squamules, which are irregularly or subdichotomously lobate. or laciniate, erect or ascending, plane, convex or convex and involute, often closely clustered, whitish to pale sea-green above and white below, having a continuous cortex, 5-20 mm. long and 2-5 mm. wide. Podetia arising one or more from the surface of any squamule of the primary thallus, sometimes dying at the base and rarely increasing in length at the top, 20-75 mm. long and 1.5-3.5 mm. in diameter, turgescent and turbinate or subcylindrical, sometimes rather obsoletely cup-bearing, radiately or dichotomousiy branched, the branches erect or spreading, axils and also the sides fre- oS? quently perforate or even gaping, erect or ascending, cortex subcontinuous or areolate, sometimes more or less squamulose, whitish'to whitish-sea- green or the decorticate portions between the areoles white, the basal dead portion sometimes becoming brown, the cupless apices obtuse or shortly radiate or furcate and frequently becoming brown. Cups slightly dilated, perforate or closed and rarely cribrose, the margin radiate-proliferous. Apothecia small or middling sized, .5-2 mm. in diameter, solitary or clus- tered at the ends of the branches and frequently short stipitate, thinly mar- gined or immarginate, plane or convex, often lobed and perforate, the disk brown (or brick-red?), Hppothecium pale or pale-brownish. Hymenium pale brown above and pale or pale-brownish below. Paraphyses somewhat clavate toward the pale or brownish apex. Asci cylindrical to clavate, the apical wall thickened. (Fig. 7). Occurs on earth or on rocks covered with humus, Known in the north- ern part of North America and in ‘northern Europe and extending further south in mountains. Found in northern United States as well as further north. Easily confused with either of the last two plants. C/adonza turgida (Khrh.) Hoffm. var. gryfea Tuck. Enum. Lich. in Agass. Lake Super, 173. 1850. may be distinct. This variety is described in Tuckerman’s . | ‘ a Baths ts Synopsis under the name, Cladonia turgida (Ehrh.) Hoffm, var. conspicua (Schaer.) Nyl. Addit. Fl. Chil. 147. 1855. The primary thallus is usually wanting, the podetia elongated and sometimes quite squamulose. In closing some explanation of a few expressions used above will be helpful. Our sea-green is a grayish green or perhaps nearer a gray than a green. Single cells or hyphae which are hyaline, when seen collectively as in an hymenium or an hypothecium, are of a whitish color, which we have called pale. Paraphyses of C/adondas are hyaline except at the tips. Even water will sometimes causes the coloring matter of the epithecium to diffuse throngh the hymenium, especially the upper portion, in sections. To avoid error from this source, sections must be examined as to color the moment after cutting. Fayette, Iowa. HEPATICS--LEJEUNEA. WILLIAM C, BARBOUR. T 2 @) 4 5 6 Fig. 1. Archilejeunea clypeata Fig. 2. A. Sellowiana Fig. 3. Lejeunea mimentcana—Kic, 4. Microlejeunea lucens Fig. 5M. Ruthu. Fig. 6. Colo- lejeunea Jooriana The genus Le7eunca was founded by Libert, and as such was accepted by Spruce and many other writers. If considered as a single genus itisa very large one, and was divided by Spruce into thirty-seven subgenera. Most of these were raised to the rank of genera by Schiffner when, in 1893, he issued the Hepatic part of Engler and Prantl’s Natur Pflanzenfamilien. We shall endeavor to adapt from older works a description of the genus which shall cover the composite Lejeunea as covering all these divisions. The descriptions of species are adapted and simplified from the monograph by A. W. Evans, of Yale University, published in Volume VIII., No. 2, Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club. Mostof the illustrations were redrawn from the same source. Dr.‘Evans admits to the flora of the United States and Canada twenty-three species, of which about ten occurin the ‘‘Gray’s Manual Region.”’ Of the thirteen species not here included, seven are foundin various states of the South, including Florida; five in Florida only; and one, Co/e/e- jeunea Macounti (Spruce) Evans, occurs in British Columbia. Of the species here noted, one, Leveunea patens Lindb. is found in Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. The other occurs at various points in the Northeastern States. In temperate regions the number of species found is comparatively small, while in the tropics the genus reaches proportions which are alarm- 5 Hee ing tothe amateur. Many of our species of the extreme South are merely the northern limits of those which are common in the warmer regions of Mexico and the West Indies. LEJEUNEA belongs to those leafy stemmed hepatics which have the bi- lobed leaves, or leaves folded together so as to make a dorsal and a ventral lobe. ‘The ventral lobe in this genus is incurved, but not ligulate or saccate. The lower lobe is always smaller than the upper and is usually more or less inflated. Itis separate from Aadu/a in that the root hairs arise from the stem or underleaves, whereas in Aadu/a they arise from the ventral lobes Also in Radu/a the perianth is compressed while in Le/eznea it is angular. Frullania and _J/ubula have the ventral lobe saccate, while in Pore//a it is ligulate. ‘The leaves are decurrent at the folds, and, in all but two of our northeastern species, underleaves are present. ‘The perianth is free from the involueral leaves oval or oblong, terete or angular, and with the mouth carinate, cristate, or ciliate. Capsule globose. Spores large, tuberculate. Our Lejeunea are rather smaller than the other genera which we have considered, except /7z//anza, which they greatly resemble in appearance to the unaided eye. In habitat, they grow at the base of trees, upon their bark, upon rotten logs, and some upon rocks. Sometimes species are mixed together, or mixed with other hepatics or mosses, so that care should be taken in identification. KEY TO SPECIES. 1) .Underleaves present, undivided 23.10) 2.) ee 2s Wnderleaves present, "bifid 05... cs oe Ba wes 6" 3h . Underleave absent. ico sik Se eke Pim aa ec 8, 2. Lobule bluntly pointed at apex.......... Archilejeunea clypeata. Lobule with iong and slender apical tooth Archilezeunea Sellowiana. 3. Lobe acute, underleaves with rounded divisions, and broad shal- LOW. SIMS) 6.25158 vain ee Hered masrians ....Harpalejeunea ovata. Lobe rounded or obtuse, underleaves obtuse to acute divisions, amiG: MAnrOW SIMMS, Tie etter eee «Wale 2\a6 = o's erebae oo ete eee a. Lobe widely spreading, amflorescens autoicous. . 2.120 Ae if Lobe obliquely spreading to suberect, inflorescence dioicous..... Te 5. Lobes and underleaves distinctly crenulate...... Lejeunea patens, Lobes and underleavesientire or nearly so.” ..) 55.5 6. 6, Underleaves not rounded at base, perianth abruptly narrowed Al DASE): flan tunisia ener ae oN Sie avets onde Lejeunea cavifoltia, Underleaves rounded at pase, Seca gradually narrowed to- WaT ThenDAGe Weasel wes tie, suerehe Lejeunea Americana, 7, Underleaves longer than broad, deeply bifid, often unidentate On Sid eSeeye-. SP aR are Re caetn « i .. Microlejeunea LUucens. Underleaves broad as “iar bifid to frida never unidentate on SICLO Ghee Pe te EPO coda ee A re ae ae ‘Microlejeunea Ruthiz. 8. Outer surface of lobe rough from projecting cells or wart-like thickenings, no hyaline cells..... Cololejeunea Liddlecomtae. Ourter surface of lobe almost smooth, cells scantily convex, hyaline cells often present at ee and along antical margin. Cololejyeunea Joortana., an b) — ARCHILEJEUNEA CLYPEATA (Schwein.) Schiffn. (Phragmicoma clypeata Nees) (Lejeunea clypeata Sull.). Fig. 1.° 3 Plant pale green, growing in broad mats; stems irregularly branched: leaves imbricated, dorsal lobe obliquely spreading, broadly oblong; apex rounded: margin crenulate from projecting cells; ventral lobe ovate-trian- gular, inflated, apex blunt, junction of lobes forming an obtuse angle: un- derleaves distant, orbicular, rounded at the apex, abruptly narrowed at base, very short decurrent: inflorescence autoicous or dioicous: female in- florescence borne on a principal branch; bracts complicate, unequally bifid, scarcely or not at all winged on keel, lobe obovate, rounded at apex, crenu- late, lobule oblong, rounded at apex; bracteole ovate-oblong, narrowed at base, truncate or retuse at apex; perianth obovoid, truncate with a short broad beak, five keeled, keels roughened: male spikes on short branches, oblong; antheridia in pairs. This species occurs on rocks and trees, and ranges from Connecticut to Georgia and Louisiana. It has been distributedin Musci Alleg. 262, and in Hep. Bor. Amer. 95, as Phragmicoma clypeata, Also in Hep, Am. 50, as Lejeunea clypeata. ARCHILEJEUNEA SELLOWIANA Steph. (Phragmicoma xanthocarpa Aust.) (Lejeunea velata Gottsche.) Fig. 2. Plants pale green or glaucous, in wide mats: stems closely appressed to matrix: leaves closely imbricated, the dorsal lobe widely spreading at nearly rightangles with the stem, ovate-oblong, apex rounded, margin entire or nearly so, lower margin arching across stem: lobule inflated toward base, oblong, apex acuminate, sometimes curved, ending in a tooth three to eight cells long, two to four cells wide at base and with a single row of cells atapex; lobules on small branches often poorly developed: underleaves broadly orbicular to reniform, rounded, truncate or retuse at apex, rounded at base: inflorescence autoicous; female on short branch usually, bracts complicate, unequally bifid; perianth obovoid, half exserted, broad and truncate above, with short, narrow beak, five-keeled, keels roughened: male spikes similar to A, clypeata. Found on trees and rocks. Range from Rhode Island to Tennessee, south to Florida and Texas, Distributed in Hep. Bor. Am. 95b. as Phragmicoma xanthocar pa. HARPALEJEUNEA OVATA (Hook.) Schiffn. ‘(Le7eunea ovata Tayl.) (Lejeunca Molleri Steph.) Plants pale to dark green, losely caespitose or scattered: stems pros- trate, closely appressed : leaves contiguous or somewhat imbricated, lobe spreading, gradually narrowed beyond middle, apex often reflexed, usually acute, margin nearly entire; lobule (ventral lobe) strongly inflated, ovoid, keel strongly arched, crenulate from convex cells: apex with a single pro- jecting cell: underleaves distant, broadly cuneiform, apex broad, truncate or emarginate with a shallow sinus, rounded or obtuse segments, margin entire: inflorescence dioicous; female on a leading branch; bracts as before; perianth obovate-clavate, acutely five-keeled in upper part: male spike on short branch. =—— 36 — On trees and fallen logs. Virginia, Tennessee, and Georgia. It is also found in Western Europe, and the type specimen was collected in Ireland by Taylor. Fruiting material israre. The acute lobes of its leaves and the emarginate-bifid underleaves with rounded divisions distinguish it from all other Lejeunez of the United States. Inthe tropics, however, ii aac a0 abundance of relatives. ) LEJEUNEA PATENS Lindb. Plants pale or dark green, slightly glossy when dry, caespitose: stems copiously branched: leaves imbricated, the lobe ovate, widely spreading, strongly convex, rounded and decurved at apex, margin distinctly crenulate from projerting cells, antical margin arching across the stem; lobule strongly inflated, ovate, mostly crenulate, apex tipped with a single blunt, projecting cell: cells of lobe convex: underleaves distant, about the size of or a little smaller than the lobules, orbicular, gradually narrowed to base, bifid about one-half, apex of lobes varying from obtuse to acute, sinus vary- ing from acute to obtuse, margin crenulate: inflorescence autoicous ; female sometimes on leading branch, sometimes on short one; perianth half ex- serted, oblong-obovoid, gradually narrowed toward base, rounded above and with short beak, terete below, sharply five-keeled above, keels crenulate from projecting cells, becoming blunter with age: male spike on short branch; antheridia in pairs. Found on rocks. Localities:—Ireland (type— Lindberg), Great Britain, Norway; and, in America, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia. May be found in northern borders of the United States, or in mountainous regions. LEJEUNEA CAVIFOLIA.(Ehrh,) Lindb. (Lezeunea serpyllifolia, Lib.) (L. ser- pyllifolta var, cavifolia Lindb.) (L. serpyllifolia var. Americana. Lindb., in part.) (kulezeunea serpyllifolia Schiftn.), Plants pale to dark green, dull or glossy when dry, in tufts or creeping over other bryophytes: branches spreading, usually abundant: leaves im- bricated, lobes ovate, obliquely spreading, rounded to obtuse at apex, mar- gin entire or nearly so; lobule strongly inflated, ovate, scarcely crenulate: underleaves distant, as large as or a little larger than the lobule, ovate- orbicnlar, gradually narrowed toward base, neither decurrent or rounded, bifid about one-half with rounded to acute lobes, margin entire or nearly so: in- florescence antoicous; female on leading branch, sometimes on short branch; perianth about half exserted, oblong to oval-oblong from narrowed base, rounded or truncate at apex with short, slender beak, terete below, sharply keeled in upper part, the keels smooth. This plans grows on rocks and trees. The range is from Ontario, New Hampshire and Pennsylvania, to Minnesota and Wisconsin. Has been dis- tributed in Hep. Bor. Am. 97 (in part), and in Hep. Am. 8 (As Lejeunea ser- pyllifolta, LEJEUNEA AMERICANA (Lind.) Evans (Le7eunea serpyllifolia var. ont cana Lindb.—in part.) Fig. 3. Pale, whitish or yellowish green, closely appressed or in depressed mats: stems irregularly pinnately branched: leaves imbricate, the lobe ovate, widely spreading, rounded to obtuse at apex, margin entire or \ = ey ae slightly crenulate; lobule inflated, ovate, scarcely crenulate, apex with a single projecting cell: underleaves contiguous or sub-imbricate, a little larger than lobule, orbicular, rounded or sub-cordate at base; bifid about one-half, segments usually acute or apiculate, occasionally obtuse, sinus acute to obtuse, margin entire or sinuate: inflorescence autoicus: female on leading or short branch; perianth obovoid, often distinctly dilated above middle, gradually narrowed toward base, broad and truncate above, and with a short beak, terete below, sharply five-keeled above, keels smooth: male inflorescence usually on short branch: spores greenish, angular, thick- walled. Grows on trees. Ranges from North Carolina to Florida, west- ward to Louisiana.and Texas. Has been distributed in Drummond’s South- em, Miosses 171, in part; Musc. Allegh. 272 (as L. serpyllifolza); Hep. Bor. mits o7, impart (as 2. tavzfolza): Hep Am. 98 (as L. Ausiznz.); Hep. Amer. 137 (as L. lucens.). MICROLEJEUNEA LUCENS (Tayl.) Evans (Lejeunea lucens Tayl.) Fig. 4. Pale green, scattered or in turfs: leaves distant to imbricated, lobe obliquely spreading, ovate, apex rounded varying to obtuse, margin entire or subcrennlate from projecting cells; lobule half as long as lobe, strongly inflated, ovoid; lobule often poorly developed: underleaves distant, ovate narrowed toward base, not decurrent, bifid to about the middle, with subulate to acuminate divisions ending in a single cell or in a row of two cells, sinus “narrow and obtuse: inflorescence dioicous: female on short branches; bracts complicate, nearly equally bifid; perianth scarcely exserted, broadly pyri- form, slightly compressed, five-keeled, the keels smooth, the beak short: male spike julaceous, at base of an elongated branch. On trees or moist rocks. Virginia, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Throughout tropical America, “Was distributed in Sull. Musci Alleg. No. 274, as Lejeunca cucullata; and in Hep. Bor. Am. No. 98, under same name. MIcROLEJEUNEA Rutuir Evans Fig. 5. Pale or dull green, scattered or loosely caespitose, sparingly and irregu- ularly branched, the branches widely spreading: leaves distant to loosely imbricated, the lobe obliquely spreading to suberect, ovate or broadly ovate, rounded at apex, margin nearly entire, sometimes slightly angular-sinuate; lobule half the length of lobe, strongly inflated, ovoid, apex tipped witha single projecting cell which is sometimes outwardly curved: underleaves dis- tant, orbicular, narrowed toward base, and neither rounded nor decurrent, bifid to about middle with broad, suberect, triangular lobes and obtuse sinus, lobes acute, ending in single cell or row of two cells, margin entire or sub- crenulate from the projecting cells, lateral margins rounded: inflorescence dioicous; female on a leading branch, bracts complicate, deeply and unequally bifid; bracteole free, ovate from an abruptly contracted base: perianth and maleinflorescence as yet unknown. Known only from the type locality, Big Frog Mountain, Tennessee. The original description is in Mem. Torr. Bot. Club, 8:161. 1902. The species is near JZ. ulicina Tayl. of Europe. It somewhat resembles M. /ucens, from which it may be distin- guished by the less widely spreading lobes of its leaves, smaller cells with thicker walls, broader underleaves, which have broader segments and are we BD act never unidentate on sides, by male spike on leading branch instead of short * branch. | CoLOLEJEUNEA BIDDLECOMIAE (Aust.) Evans (Lejeunea calcarea of Sull., not of Libert.) (Le7eunea echinata of Aust., not of Taylor.) (Le7eunea Biddlecomtiae Aust.) Pale or bright green, scattered or depressed caespitose: irregularly pin- nately branched: leaves distant to imbricated, lobe obliquely to widely - spreading, ovate, apex varying from rounded to acute, usually obtuse, mar- gin crenulate or denticulate from projecting cells; lobule inflated, ovoid to globose, keel bearing an obtuse, sometimes indistinct tooth beyond the middle, and another tooth composed of two cells midway between this tooth and end of keel: stylus conspicuous, composed of two to ten cells in a single row, sometimes two cells broad a part of its length; inflorescence dioicous or autoicous; female on a leading branch, bracts unequally bifid, the lobe ob- liquely spreading, broadly ovate; perianth partly exserted, obovoid to oblong, not compressed, rounded to truncate at the apex, with a short beak sharply five-keeled in upper part, surface roughened from projecting cells’ except near base: male spikes on leading branches; bracts similar to leaves, but with proportionately larger lobule; antheridia singly or in pairs, On trees and rocks. Range from Ontario and Massachusetts to Alabama and Florida. Distributed in Sull. Musci Allegh. 275 (as Lejseunea calcarea), Aust. Hep. Bor. Am. 99 (as Lejeunea echinata). Hep. Amer. 51 (as L. cal- carea), Can. Hep. 13 (as L£. calcarea). Found best developed on trees especially in swamps. A tiny species, when dry hardly noticeable to the unaided eye; leaves 4% mm. long. COLOLEJEUNEA JOORIANA (Aust.) Evans, (Lej7eunea Joorzana Aust.) Fig. 6. Yellowish green or whitish, darker with age, scattered or loosely caespi- tose: irregularly pinnately branched: leaves imbricated, lobe widely spread- ing, ovate, gradually narrowed from just below middle to the rounded, obtuse or subacute apex, margin entire or subcrenulate; lobule inflated, ovoid, free margin with two teeth as in last species; stylus inconspicuous and soon obsolete, composed of two cells in a row or even of a one-celled papilla; cells scarcely convex; hyaline cells at apex one to ten in number, elongated, usually in a single row, their ends usually free, hyaline cells sometimes also along the antical margin, usually becoming indistinct with age; inflorescence Synoicious or sometimes paroicous; female usually on a leading branch, rarely on short branch; bracts similar to leaves, with more or less inflated lobule, stylus three to four cells long sometimes; perianth half exserted, broadly ovoid to obvoid, rounded at base, rounded, truncate or slightly retuse at apex, with extremely short and indistinct base, somewhat flattened, antical face plane or with broad, low keel, lateral keels sharp to blunt, postical keel broad and two angled: antheridia borne singly or in pairs in the axils of the female bracts: spores elongted, angular, greenish. On bark and reed. North Carolina, Florida, Louisiana, Differs from C. Biddlecomiae in its ordi- nary leaf cells which are plane or nearly so, also in its inflorescence, hyaline cells, and much shorter stylus. Sayre, Pa, KARL GUSTAVE LIMPRICHT. SECOND PART. By Joun M. HOuzinGer. Since writing the above (see THE Bryo.oteisr for January, 1903,)I have received the following data, which will correct and enlarge our knowledge regarding Mr. Limpricht. For this information ] am indebted to Dr. Paul Richter, editor of the entire work of Rabenhorst’s Cryptogamen-Flora, to whom all moss students will be grateful for so much interesting information about the author in question. My question having been addressed to Mr. Eduard Kummer, the pub- lisher, regarding the completion of the Laubmoose, Dr. Richter informs me, first, fat the work will be brought to a fitting close by the son, Dr. Wolf- gang Limpricht, who isalso a botanist. The work yet to be finished includes the supplements to half of Volume II., and to allof Volume III. For this there are in hand many drawings by the author. ‘Then will come the index including synonyms for the entire work, which the author’s son will also furnish, Part 38 is now in press and will be published before the end of the year (1902). It contains supplementary data to parts 14-26, that is, to Volume II. Next year (1903) part 39 will close the entire work, and an additional number will contain the general index. The following additional data are of interest. Mr. Limpricht was the son of a gardener and nursery owner in Eckersdorf near Sagan in Prussian Silesia. From 1853 to 1856 he completed his studies in the Normal School of Bunzlau, Silesia. With the reeoommendation of ranking first in his class he found a position as teacher in Oberglaserdorf near Liiben in Silesia. In 1858 he was called to teach in the higher Ladies’ Seminary in Bunzlau, where he found leisure to delve with zeal and with success into the study of the natural sciences. Much inspiration in his efforts came to him from his Nor- mal School teacher, subsequently Privy Counsellor, W. Prange, the well- known Silesian botanist, R. von Wechtritz, and Professor Gédppert in Breslau. From these men he received much encouragement to take up botanical stud- ies, and it was through their influence that he was in 1869 given the position of teacher of the natural sciences in the higher schools in Breslau. Here he was in 1871 introduced into the study of mosses by Professor J. Milde. From that time on this was te be his special field of labor. At the University in Breslau he found further incentive to scientific. pursuits in his friendly association with Professors Goppert and Ferdinand Cohn, both original investigators who in their special lines in Botany com- mand leading positions. Besides his principal work as teacher in the High School he was special instructor in the descriptive natural sciences in a special school at Breslau for improving teachers and preceptresses, also cus- todian for the Silesian Society for Popular Culture. He was also a corres- _ ponding member in several scientific societies, both domestic and foreign, In recognition of his scientific services the school authorities elected him in 1897 to the principalship of the schools where he had taught so long and so successfully. The following is a list of Mr. Limpricht’s bryological labors: Bryotheca Silesiaca (Exsiccati of Silesian Mosses). Fasc. I-VII, Nos. 1-350. Bunzlau and Breslau, 1866-1871. Schlesien’s Laub-und Lebermoose, nebst Nachtragen. (Mosses and Liverworts of Silesia, with Supplement.) In’ F. Cohn: Kryptogamen- Flora. Bd. 1, pp. 27-352, and pp. 413-444. Breslau, 1877. (358 pages). Laubmoose Deutschland’s, Oesterreich’s und der Schweiz, Bd. IV. von Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora, 2 Aufl., 1890-1902. It is this latter work especially, its quality of scientific poise as wellas its contents, that has placed American as well as all other bryologists under a debt of obligation to the author, and that makes us all wish to know more about him. Besides these, his principal works, the following are-his briefer papers: T. a “A Bettrag zur Bryologischen Kenntniss der Grossen Schneegrube und der Kesselkoppe, in *‘ Jahresberichte der Schlesischen Gesellschaft fiir vaterlandische Cultur,” 44th year, pp. 139-146, Breslau, 1867. Ueber das Vorkommen der Lebermoose tm Schlestsch-maechrischen Gesenke, inl. c., 49th year, pp. 75-81. Breslau, 1872. Ueber die Moosflora der Oberschlesischen Muschelkalkhuegel, in |. c¢. soth year, pp. 96-97, 1873. Nachtraege zu J. Milde’s Bryologta Silesiaca, in |. c., 50th year, pp. 124-140, 1873. Ueber die Moosvegetation der Babiagora, in \. c., 51st year, pp. 77-78, 1874. Ueber die Laubmoose der Hohen Tatra, in\.c., 52d year, pp. 92-94, 1875. Novtitacten aus der Laubmoos-Flora der Hohen Tatra, in|, c.,52d year, pp. 130-132, 1875. Die Lebermoose der Hohen Tatra, inl. c., 54th year, pp, 143-152, 1877. Ueber die Moosflora der Insel Bornholm, in 1.c., 57th year, pp. 272-273, 1880. Neue und Kritische Lebermoose, inl. c., 57th year pp. 31-317, 1880. Neue Buerger der Schlestschen Wigen foro in l. c., 57th year, p.g10, 1880. Ueber Neue Arten und Formen der Gattung Sarcoscyphus Corda, in l.c., 58th year, pp. 179-184, 1881. Ueber Neue Muscineen fuer Schlesien, in 1. c., 58th year, pp, 184-186, 1881. Einige Neue Funde aus der Schlesischen Moosflora, in 1.c., 59th year, pp. 278-9, 1882. ) Ueber Sphagnum, Myurella und Fontinalis, in 1. c., 59th year, p. 317, 1882, Einige Neue Laubmoose, in 1.c., 60th year, p. 214, 1883. Neue Buerger der Ly oe Moosflora, in 1, c.. 60th year, pp. 242-3, 1883. Moose aus Norwegen,in |. c., 61st year, p. 175, cane Die Moose im Sorbusguertel des Riesengebirges, in |. c., 61st year, p. 24, 1884. 3 BS NP | 20. Ueber Einige Neue Artenund Formen bei den Laub-und Lebermoosen, inl. c., 61st year, pp. 204-225, 1884. 21. Ueber Tuepfelbildung bet Laubmoosen, in 1. c., 62d year, p. 289, 1885. 22. Ueber Porenbildung in der Stengelrinde von Sphagnum, in |. c., 63d year, Pp. 199, 1886. 23. Ueber Neue Buerger der Schlestschen Moosftora, in 1. c., 63d year, p. 214-5, 1886. 24. Ueber Th. Guembel, Bettracge zur Entwickelungsgeschichte der Laub- moose, in 1. c., 63th year, p. 258, 1888. 25. Ueber Nzue bono se. (nv lever VOSthy year. p. 03; (oan 26. Dret Neue Laubmoose, in|. c., jet year, 5 pages, 1897. 27.. Zur Systematik der Torfmoose. in *‘Botanisches Centralblatt, von Uhlworm,” Cassel: First paper, Bd. VII, No. 36, pp. 411-319, 1881; Second paper, Bd. X, No. 6, 1882. 28. Besprechung von W. Ph. Schimper’s Synopsis Muscorum Eu- ropeorum, in ‘‘Flora oder Regensburger Botanische Zeitung,” 9 pages, 1876. 29. Die Deutschen ies: ta Formen, inl.c., No. 6, 4 pages, 1880. 30. Ueber Gymnomitrium adustum, N. v. es ine, Nos, 7 paves, 1oor. 3t. . Ueber Eine Verschollene Jungermannia, inl. c., No. 3, 4 pages, 1882. 32. Neue Kritische Laubmoose, in|. c., No. 13, 5 pages, 1882. o2 Nekrolog auf Professor 7. Milde, in‘ Hedwigia von L. Rabenhorst,” Dresden, bei Heinrich, No. ro, 4 pages, 1871. 3h Ueber Leptotrichum sonatum, in |. c., No. 12, 2 pages, 1872. 35 Schlesische Lebermoose, in 1. c., No. 2, 3 pages, 1876. 36. Auf der Schlesisch-maerkischen Grenze, Ein Bryologischer Lettrag, in ‘‘Verhandlungen des Botanischen Verein’s der Provinz Branden- bare 7 Bd. IN) No, 108-116, 1967. 37, Reviews of the entire Moss Literature in the years 1875-8, in ‘*L. Just, Botanischer Jahresbericht,’’ Berlin, bei Borntrager, Bd. VI, 1876- 1881, 38. Ueber Laub-und Lebermoose in ‘‘den Berichten der Deutscher Botan- ischen Gesellschaft,” Bd. III, Heft II, 1881. (Also a review). These constitute the numerous bryological writings of Limpricht. He ~ explored personally the Mossflora of Silesia (Riesengebirge), of the Karpa- then (Tatra), and the Islands of Bornholm. It is strange that the Revue Bryologigue failed to give a hint as to the richness of this author’s produc tiveness, which led me to suppose that he published little, concentrating all his energies in his Lawdmoose. It is true, however, that most, if not all of his eeuctions antedate his labor on his monumental work. Winona, Dec. 15th, 1902. ( THE MOSSES OF ALASKA. By J. CarRpoT AND I. THERIOT. This is No. XXIX. of the « Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedi- tion.” It is published in the ‘‘ Proceedings of the Washington Academy of 36 — Science,” Vol. IV., pp. 294-374, July 31st, 1902. The eleven plates illus- trating the new species are executed by M. Theriot, in this author’s excellent and painstaking style and show microscopic details with accuracy. The list of 280 species of Alaskan mosses enumerated here includes, besides the Harriman collection, previous collections as follows: that of W. H. Dall, in 1867; of the Krause brothers, in 1882; of W. G. Wright, in 1891; of James M. Macoun, 1891-2; of B. W. Evermann, in 1892; of C. H. Townsend, ~in 1893-1895 (Expedition of the U.S.S. Albatross); of W. M. Canby, in 1897: of W. H. Evans, in 1897: of W. A. Setchell, in 1899; and of F. C. Schrader, in 1899. Of these, 124 are new to Alaska, and 46 are newtoscience. Of the latter 29 are new species, and 17, new varieties. The new species and varieties will be described in successive numbers of THE BRYOLOGIST as space permits. Three new combinations are made, First, 7rzchostomum affine Schleich., which in Bryol. Eur. stands as a synonym for Rhacomitrium heterostichum alopecurum B. §., is written Rhacomttrium heterostichum affine (Schleich) C. & Th. Then, Aérichum Lescurté James, which Mr. E. S. Salmon had placed under Lye//za, the authors place under Bartramiopsis Lescurii (James) C, & Th. not Kindb. Also Pogonatum Macouni Kindb., becomes Pogonatum geet As Macouniz . C. & Th, A number of species are accompanied by critical notes recording the authors’ judgment. Thus Mazzum nudum Williams, for reasons stated, is considered rather a subspecies of Mnztum punctatum. Pstlopilum Tschuctschicum, discussed under P, arcticum Brid,, is discredited as a good species. On this point there appears to the writer ground for difference of judgment. (See Tur Bryo.ocist, September, 1902.) Incidentally it may also be noted that the authors have preferred to retain the name Pszlopilum arcticum in place of the revised name. Polytrichum Yukonense C,. & Th. is under suspicion of being only a form of P. /ensenzt Hagen, most of the differentiating characters given being variable in the typical P. /Jensenzz. Pseudoleskea stenophylla Ren. & Card., for which Dr. Best in his Revision of this genus had substituted P. rzgescens (Wils.) Lindb., is restored, Dr. Best’s substitution being shown as untenable. Likewise Arachythectum Nove-Anglia Jaeg. & Sauerb. is restored, the character on which it was recently erected into the new genus Bryhunza, the papillose leaves, having proved to be variable. There is a short postscript of three notes. The first of these refers to Mr. R. S. Williams’ Catalogue of the Bryophytes of the Yukon, which was published in 1901 in the Bulletin of the New York Botanical Garden and which contains 115 species not listed in the present paper. This brings the number of species of mosses now known from Alaska and the Bering Sea Islands up to about 350, not considering a large number of doubtful species mentioned in passing by the authors. Joun M, Hotzincer. SOME NOTES ON COLLECTING. _ Within the past three years I have discovered the haunts of several of the minute species of mosses on my collecting trips, such as Archidium Ohtoense, Phascum sp., Pleuridium subulatum, Astomum sp., Ephemerum crassinervium, Physcomttrium tmmersum, Pyramidula tetragona, and Bruchia flexuosa. Six of these beautiful little plant species I found in the close vicinity of Winona, where I had collected for over fifteen years. This fact, linked with the other fact that these and similar minute mosses are in late years very little represented in collections, leads me to suspect that our younger gener- ation of moss students, including myself, have yet to learn where and when to look for them. Having by chance stumbled upon the hiding places of these little elves, not merely sporadic patches but the regular haunts, it has occurred to me that it might be profitable for the more enthusiastic collec- tors of the Sullivant Chapter, and for all interested, to learn where and when I found these mosses. The Ephkemerum and Physcomttrium 1 found associated together sev- eral years agoon the shaded edge of a Mississippi slough, where weeds and grass do not come up to furnish excess of shade. The months are October and November. Since then I have annually looked for them on my Novem- ber tramps through the river bottoms and most always I bring home some Ephemerum and its protonema, The Physcomitrium is more freaky, and is not easily found, apparently depending for its best development upon more exact seasonal conditions. © The Archidium, Phascum, Pleurtdium and Astomum, I found first two years ago on the top of our bluffs 450 feet above the level of the Mississippi bottoms, on slightly north-facing surfaces, which during early summer be- come covered with a scant growth of grass, but which the dry autumn leaves again practically bare for the winter snows. The outcrop of Mag- nesian limestone weathered to fragments near the tops of the bluffs are there mantled over by a thin sheet of modified drift clay, or possibly it is simply wind-blown clay, which I doubt, blackened with the mould of the scant vegetation. Itisin this situation that these little mosses have their home, starting their annual life effort wuder the melting snows. By a mere chance I stumbled upon them where I never thought it possible for any- thing worth looking for to exist, on one of my late March bluff rambles, when the roads were still muddy from snow-water. Repeated visits (for I am less than a mile from the spot at this writing, January) showed that the fruits ripen rapidly; and after the middle of April they soon show signs of weathering, and shortly seem to disappear altogether, the ground receiving now too inuch heat for their existence. Indeed the drouth has the past two seasons come on so rapidly that in case of Astomum only a few of the abundantly set capsules actually ripened spores. The Pyramtdula 1 found in June, 1901, in the upper Mississippi valley, in scant soil, probably windblown, in the shallow depressions of the water- worn granitic outcrops of that interesting region. It was very abundant there, though I found only weathered plants. I regret that the distance, nearly the width of our State, makes it difficult to visit that profitable col- lecting ground often. _ Lastly, the Bruchia I found only in June, rgoz, close to the railway sta- tion at Dodge, Wis., some miles north of Winona, in the Trempealeau River valley. . The plants occurred in greatest abundance among the short juncus © and similar grass-like plants in a patch of fallow ground close by a tama- rack swamp. In this case also all were already badly weathered. It is my purpose to revisit that station five or six weeks earlier this spring to secure plants in better condition. In closing this note it may be oa mentioning incidentally that the geographical range of several of the species noted has been considerably extended, Joun M. HouzincGer. | NOTES. POGONATUM BREVICAULE (Brid.) Beauv. In a recent letter M. Jules Cardot calls attention to the fact that Bridel in 1798 first gave the name Polytrichum brevicaule (Muscol. Recent II. pt. I, p. 87) to the moss which has since been called Pogonatum brevicaule and that the specific name ¢/enwe was given to the same plant in the same year by Menzies, hence it is next to impossibie to say which has the priority. This being the caseI agree with M. Cardot that P. drevicaule (Brid.) BLeauv, is the proper name for this plant, because this name was in use for eighty- nine years before Mrs. Britton made the new combination. A. J, (Grown, PsiLopitum Tscuuctsciicum C. Mill. . In recently looking over a collection of mosses received at the Botanical garden from Prof. Macoun, which he made in the upper Yukon region last summer, I found good fruiting specimens of what I take to be the above species. ‘They are undoubtedly the same as the sterile plants I collected on the Klondike river in 1899 and referred to P. arcticum. ‘They are distin- guished from this latter by the much longer, less curved capsules, less imbri- cated leaves, incurved when dry and by the margins of the leaf and also of the lamellz, which are entire or only slightly undulate above, while /?. arcticum has both leaf border above and lamelle on margin irregularly ser- rate with crowded, crenulate teeth. In the first specimens I examined this last difference was scarcely noticeable owing to the much abraided margins. The distinction of basal leaf cells between the two species is not apparent, being quite variable in different leaves from the same plant. (See J. M. Holzinger’s article on these species in BryoLocist V:80, 1902), Also the difference in the exothecal cells does not seem to have been clearly pointed out. In arcticum the cells on the incurved side of the capsule are short, often slightly transversely elongated, while on the opposite side they are quite rectangular and mostly 2 to 3 times longer than wide. In Zschuctschicum the cells are more uniform around the capsule, mostly from a little longer than broad to about twice longer. ‘The spores of the Macoun specimens measure from .022 to .025 mm. R.S. Witiiams, N. Y. Botanical Garden. MNIUM INSIGNE Mitt. Among some mosses which I recently received from the Vienna Exchange Club for Cryptograms, was one labelled Mazum insigne, Mitt. June 20, 1896; on wet shaded earth; Columbia Falls, Montana, U.S.A. R.S. Williams. I examined this moss which had abundant capsules with interest, as JZ. 71szgne is generally considered synomymous with 7. Se/igerz, Jur., which is a shy fruiter in Europe and very rare in England in that condition. I was, how- ever, surprised to find that the fruiting plants had aclearly synoicous in- florescence, though afew purely ¢ flowers were also present. I also found that the leaves were rather broadly ovate and sharply pointed which together with their long sharp marginal teeth, generally consisting of but one cell, and ceasing about the middle of the leaf, suggested that the plant before me was scarcely the same as the European JZ. Se/igerz. ‘The moss in question seems to agree well with the diagnosis given by Limpricht of . M. Drummondi Br, & Sch. of which unfortunately I have no authentic specimens, but I cannot find that J/nuzum insigne, Mitt. is given as a synomyn for this species, although Limpricht points out that Mitten’s species is not the same as JZ. Seliger Jur., to which many authors have re- ferred it. A-close comparison of the European and American species of this fine genus would be of great interest. W. E. NICHOLSON, January, 1903. - Lewes, Sussex, England. SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER NOTES. Dr. Best says of Claopodium pellucinerve (Mitt) Best, offered in this number of THE BrvyoLocisr by Mrs. J. B. Lowe, and collected by her at Noroton, Ct.: ‘‘So far as I know it has been collected only once before this and then by Mr. R. S. Williams in the Yukon territory. See THE BRYOLOGIST 3.10, 1900; ' HARRIET WHEELER. Members desiring the offerings will please forward stamped and ad- dressed envelopes to the donors. Ee AW Confusion would be avoided and some labor saved if the annual dues of Chapter members were paid directly to the Secretary who reports such pay- ments to the editors of THE BRryoLocist and members receive the magazine to which they are thereby entitled. Subscriptions to THE BryoLoctsT should be paid to Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith. EW iavarletter just received/trom Prof. Holzinger he says: ‘If you ‘have space please express my cordial thanks to the Sullivant Moss Chapter for honoring me with the Presidency. Ipromise to be faithful to this high trust and work hard.” He adds in a letter of a few days later date: ‘‘ Members wishing mosses determined szuws¢ prepare material neatly, and send abund- ant specimens, in proper, folded envelopes with exact data written thereon, Scraps of mosses put up in indifferently folded scraps of paper will receive no consideration. Use pockets of good paper 7x8 inches. ‘This request is absolutely necessary since the endless scraps have come pouring in.” — 4o — Prof. Holzinger is right. The former Secretary of the Sullivant Moss Chapter felt her work to be largely of an educational nature, and for fear of nipping a bud prematurely, took extra pains with ‘‘scraps” and often con- sumed hours of time in their determination only to find the collector had no more material, so all that labor was wasted. Why? Because, if that little scrap contained a peculiar form—albeit ‘of a well known species, it has only too frequently happened that a new variety or species even has been de- scribed, only later to have it find its true place as one in a long link of inter-- mediate forms in a well known series. 3 The moral is: send good sized specimens for determination with proper~ data. Av METS: REPORT OF THE LICHEN DEPARTIIENT, A year ago the Lichen Herbarium belonging to the Moss Chapter was~ placed in my hands. At that time it contained fifty specimens, representing eighteen genera and forty-four species. At the present time there are one hundred and seventy specimens, representing twenty-seven genera and ninety-five species and varieties. Many of the specimens have been contrib- uted by the members of the Moss Chapter, and I hope during the coming year ~ there will be many more contributions to the Chapter Herbarium. I would urge all who are interested in the Lichens to make local collec- - tions, taking pains to collect good jsized specimens and in fruit where it is. possible. ‘The Lichens should be pressed lightly while damp, if allowed to-- dry without pressing they are much more brittle. It would be well if more of the members would offer specimens for distribution, in this way they will gain experience and secure specimens from other localities which will be useful - for comparison. A number of specimens from California, Montana, Oregon and Lower ~ California have been added during the past year. The many letters asking for help in determining lichens and the requests for the offerings prove that the interest is growing in the study of these - plants. Respectfully submitted, CAROLYN W. Harris. OFFERINGS TO CHAPTER [IIESIBERS. : [To chapter members only—for postage. | Miss Mary F. Miller, rto9 M Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Rhyuncoste- - gium rusctforme, Dicranum undulatum, Funaria hygrometrica, Bryum proliferum, Aphanorhegma serratum, Hypnum Haldanianum. Mrs. J. D. Lowe, 200 ‘‘A” Street, S. E., Washington, D.C. Brachythectum — plumosum, Amblystegium ripartum longtfolium, Claopodium pelluct- - nerve, Sematophyllum adnatum. Mr. J. Warren Huntington, Amesbury, Mass. P&zlonotis fontana, Lepto~ - trichum glaucescens, Barbula tortuosa. Prof. J. M. Holzinger, Winona, Minn. Pyramidula tetragona, Grimmia leucophea, Grimmta Pennsylvanica, a limited supply. a Mrs. Carolyn W. Harris, 125 St. Mark's Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y. Aama- lina calicarts var. farinacea, Parmelia Borreri var. rudecta. Miss Alice L. Crockett, Camden, Me. Hypuum eugyrtum, Ceratodon pur- : pureus. Mr. W. C. Barbour, Sayre. Pa. Chiloscyphus polyanthus rivularts, Hy lo- comtum rugosum, Bacomyces roseus. FOR SALE.—Microscope OBJECTIVES, in perfect condition. 1/,, oil immersion, Spencer, resolves pellucida with critical } light, without condenser; original cost $80.00.......... $65.00 - Pee Me NY ACS ewe at Me hess ge A Re Rae A 55.00 Ppt BM ee sine oS sade. s penne Saat Sona CEE aN REPS 40.00 "1 Bip > (ON SE GN TIE IR as, ee A ne ea 15.00 E ob GSU GG CC seiner eS a eee i eo en ec Se 15.00 Refer to Dr. HELEN Cox O'CONNOR 7 West 42d Street, New York. Two Volumes on Wild Flowers for $1.00 The two volumes of the AMERICAN BOTANIST that have now been issued contain more than one hundred and fifty UNTECHNICAL articles and notes on wild flowers selected expressly for the general reader. They are just as interesting now as when first published. 192 pages in all. Price 6oc. a volume; the two for $1.00. The current volume has been much increased in size and will contain a series of illustrated keys based upon color, for identifying the flowers. This feature is alone worth the price of the volume. There will be the usual number of miscellaneous articles, editorials, book reviews and literary notes. Subscriptions $1.00 a year. Vols. | and II anda year’s subscription $1.60. Sam- ple copy for a 2-cent. stamp. Re “The only Untechnical Botanical Journal.” WILLARD N. CLUTE & CO., Publishers, BINGHAMTON, N. Y. FERN FLORAS The Fern Bulletin has begun the publication of a series of Fern Floras of the States which willinclude every Statein the Union. They are written by the most prominent student in each State and give distribution, abundance, etc., and name the localities for rare species. Every plant lover should have this series. The other features of the Bulletin continue to improve. Subscriptions 75c. a year. The Floras also printed separately at 15c. each. Address THE FERN BULLETIN, Binghamton, N. Y. MOSSES WITH A HAND-LENS, By DR. A. J. GROUT. It makes the mosses as easy to study as the flowering plants. Eight full-page plates and ninety figures in the text. $1.10 postpaid. Send for sample pages to O. T. LOUIS, 59 Fifth Avenue, New York City. : oe J UW UU LAL aa a Forestry and Irrigation If you want to keep in touch with these two subjects which President Roosevelt considers ‘‘the ee vital of the internal questions of the United States,’’ you should be a subscriber to Forestry AND IRRIGATION, the magazine of authority on these subjects. The leading writers in the country on these subjects are contributing toit, and itis handsomely illustratea. | Subscription Price, $1.00 a Year. Sample Copy for a Two-cent Stamp. AppDRESss, FORESTRY AND IRRIGATION“ ATLANTIC BUILDING, WASHINGTON, Extracts from the Note- ae of a Naturalist in Guam HIS is the title of a series of entertaining and beautifully illustrated series that has been commenced in The Plant World and will continue into the new volume. It is written by William E. Safford, who was Lieutenant-Governor of Guam, directly after the Spanish war, and contains a mass of interesting information about this island possession of Uncle Sam. The Plant World isa bright, readable journal dealing with plant-life and is widely recognized as the only journal of its class in America. Subscription price, $1.00 a year. We are always glad to furnish a sample copy on receipt of a stamp. The Plant World is the official organ of the Wild Flower Preservative Society of America, to which every lover of wild flowers should belong. Adcress THE PLANT WORLD CO., P. 0. Box 334; Washington, D.C. QUARTERLY journal of Maine Have you seen Maine’s Bird Magazine? ? A ornithology. ‘Bird protection, bird study, the spread of the knowledge THE JOURNAL OF as aeons gained; a ee objects.” O eginning wi e Jannary num- THE MAINE ber, will he ee and better than ever. ORNITHOLOGICAL Send stamp for copy. SUBSCRIPTIONS, 50c. PER ANNUM SOCIETY SINGLE COPIES, I5c. J. MERTON SWAIN, Editor and Business Manager, FAIRFIELD, ME. NATURE STUDY, A monthly magazine, published under the auspices of he Manchester Insti- tute of Arts and Sciences. Devoted to the encouragement of the study of Nature in her varied aspects—of the Rocks, the Birds, the Flowers, and all the multitude of living things that crawl, or swim, or walk, or fly. Terms fifty cents per annum in advance. NATURE STUDY, Manchester, N. ae G raniiiuccicrfarae ane ae ie nee an ¥ | | _ | | eee Repo i oa ea . NUMBER 3 NA We Ai dese ida ait THE BRYOLOGIST AN ILLUSTRATED BIMONTHLY DEVOTED TO NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS CONTENTS Some Interesting Forms of Polytrichum (///vs.) A. /. Grout, 41 Notes on Nomenclature Il., : Elizabeth G. Britton, 42 Explanation of Plate, Sematophyllum recurvans, . : : 43 An Interesting Tree, . ; ; ‘ : John W. Batley, | Lh Sun Prints in Bryology, Additional Notes, Bd GAO TOE Ny Meo Obituary, [1. Emile Bescherelle, . Shinn fle PI OL a er 46 Seligeria tristichoides in Southern France, /. 1/7. Holzinger, 47 CEdipodium Griffithianum, : : : R. S. Williams, 4 IMosses of Alaska (77ans/ation continued) Cardot and Theriot, 48 Sullivant [loss Chapter Notes and Offerings, . é ‘ : 54 TOU UU ULL LULL SUL PLA EDITORS : ABEL JOEL GROUT and ANNIE MORRILL SMITH | c : Published by the Editors, 78 Orange St., Brooklyn, N. Y., U. S. A. cde, PRESS OF MC BRIDE & STERN, 97-99 CLIFF § THE BRYOLOCIST BIMONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS, ALSO OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER OF THE AGGASIZ ASSOCIATION. Subscription Price, $1.00 a year. 20c.acopy. Four issues 1898, 35c. Four issues 1899, 35¢. ‘Together, eight issues, 50c. Four issues 1900, 50c. Four issues rgor, 50c. Four Vols. $1.50 Six issues 1902, $1.00. A blue pencil mark here indicates that your subscription has expired. a Short articles and notes on mosses solicited from all students of the mosses. Address manu- script to A. J. Grout, Boys’ High School, Brooklyn, N. Y. Address all inquiries and sub- scriptions to Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith, 78 Orange Street, Brooklyn, N. VY. Exchange Advs. to subscribers, roc. for 25 words. For advertising space address Mrs. Smith. Check, except N. Y. City, must contain ro cents extra for Clearing House charges. Copyrighted 1903, by Annie Morrill Smith. Entered at the Post Office, Brooklyn, N. Y., as Second-Class Mail Matter. THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER. President, Prof. J. M. Holzinger, Winona, Minn. Vice-President, Mr. W. C. pa Cues Sayre, Pa. Secretary—Treasurer, Miss Wheeler, Chatham, Columbia Co., N. - Allinterested in the study of Mosses, Hepatics, and Lichens by correspond- ence are invited tojoin. Dues $1.10 a year. This includes a subscription to THE BRYOLOGIST. For further information address the Secretary. BOTANICAL) SUPPERS Everything for the Botanist wa Everything for Botany COLLECTING CASES—MOUNTING PAPER—MOUNTING CARDS GENUS COVERS—TROWELS SEND FOR CIRCULAR 4 OUEBREN “6 C'O* | ere: 59 Firru Ave., 1010 CHESTNUT ST., New York Ciry PHILADELPHIA, Pa. WANTED.- Tuckerman’s Synopsis of North American Lichens, Vol. I. | Address, E. T. CRESSON, JR., Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. FOR SALE.-A complete set of The Fern Bulletin, except Nos. 1 and 3 of Vol. IV., up to Jan., 1993. Price, $6.00. Address, DR. A. J. GROUT, 360 Lenox Road, Brooklyn, N. Y. WANTED.—Drummond’s Musci Amer. and Sullivant’s Musci Allegh. Address, Mrs. ANNIE MORRILL SMITH, 78 Orange Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. WANTED. - Hepatice, all kinds, from all localities. Those of South and West especially desired. Address, WM. C. BARBOUR, Sayre, Pa. LE NATURALISTE CANADIEN Bulletin mensuel, illustré, de recherches, observations et découvertes se rapportant 4 histoire naturelle du Canada. La seule revue scientifique de langue francaise publiée en Amérique. $1.00 par année. Envoi gratuit de numeéros spécimens. S’adresser 4 M. L’ABBE V. A. HUARD, Quebec, Canada. PratEe: VILL: SS ee bin y Ole O Chor Neon WI, pMASy, <1903. No, 3. SOME INTERESTING FURIIS OF POLYTRICHUM. byes, 7 GROUT. Polytrichum Smithiae n. sp. While collecting on Mt. Mansfield summit in August, 1902, I noted in moist depressions of the moss covered summit a Polytrichum which looked to me like P. graczl/e and which I collected in quantity intending to dis- tribute it as that species. Microscopic examination, however, showed that it could not be P. graczle as the terminal cells of the lamella were broader than high and usually concave on the outer face as in P. Ohzoense. The plant was then referred to P. Ohzoense as a variety, but on preparing the description for publication it seemed so distinct as to be worthy of specific rank. I have named it in honor of Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith, who has done so much to advance the study of mosses in this country. Plants diotcous, light green, small for the génus, about 2 cm. high exclusive of sporophyte, rarely reaching 3 cm.; leaves reaching 5 mm. in length exclusive of the sheathing base, erect spreading when moist, closely appressed when dry, not curling in the least, serrate on the margins, lamellze about 32, four to six cells high, flat or usually concave on the upper surface; seta about 3 cm. long, pale; capsules small, urn 3-4 mm. long with oper- culum beaked as in P. Ofzoense, inclined to horizontal, slightly curved with an indistinct hypophysis, four angled. Distinct from P. Ofzoense in its constantly smaller size in all parts, leaves closely appressed and straight when dry, and lighter color. Its habitat is similar to that of P. strictum and it seems to be related to P. Ohtoense much in the same manner as P. strictum is to P. Juniperinum. Forms close to this were collected on the summit of Mt. Katahdin, Maine, by F. P. Briggs, August, 1892; on Mt. Mansfield, August, 15, 1892, by Mrs. Britton Polytrichum commune uliginosum Heuben. In August, 1898, I collected on the summit of Mt. Washington a form of Polytrichum commune.with very small capsules, calyptra reaching only to the base of the capsule, and the leaves spreading-recurved when dry. This seems to be nearer the variety w/zgzmosum than any described form, although the leaves and stems are shorter than is indicated in Limpricht’s description. For this form I would suggest the name forma Washing ton- Zanum. Prore Vill) + Fies, 1, 10.amnd 11: Polytrichum Smithiae. Figs. 2,3, 12 and Heo wOoeHse. Kis 5. P. commune. Fig. 6. P. commune, pressed: when wet with leaves expanded. Fig. 7. P. commune uliginosum forma Washing/onianum, Fig. 8. ~P. commune uliginosum, from State of Washington. Fig. 9. /. commune perigoniale, showing the elongated perichetial leaves. The March BRYOLOGIST was issued March 4th, 1903. eg NOTES ON NOMENCLATURE. II. By ELizaBetH G. BRITTON. It is surprising when we compare the various references to American species, what contradictions and mistakes we encounter! ‘The following is as good an illustration as could well be selected: Hypnum revolutum (Mitt.) Lindb. Hedwigia 7:108. 1868 (1858). Stereodon revolutus Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 4: Suppl. I. 97. 1859. Hypnum Ffleufiert Jur. Verh. K. K. Zool. Bot. Ges. 11. 431. 1861. Stereodon plicaitle Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 8:40. 1864. Hlypnum plicattle Lesq. and Jas. Man. 394. 1884. Hypnum Watsoni Lesq. and Jas. Man. 886. 1884. In tracing back the history of this species the following references should also be consulted: Jaeger and Sauerb. Adumb. 316, 321, 325,—1877-,8; Aus- tin, Bull. Tor. Bot. Club, 7:6. 1880; Rau and Herv. Cat, 46; 1880" Maconn Cat. 6. 237. 1892; Ren. and Card. Musci Am. Sept. 61. 1893; Paris) Index, 668 and 675.1894; Kindb. Bryin. Eu. and N. A. 1:136. 1897; Limpr. Laubm. 3:479 and 498. 1899; and R. S. Williams Bull. N. Y. Bot, Gard. 2 -7at ance ae. IQOI-O2. This is the opinion that Austin expressed before the Manual was written: ‘“Hypnum Watsoni, L. and J., Hab. Utah, Watson. ‘There is a more ac- curate description of this species in the Bryology of the Forty-ninth parallel, by Mitten, under the name of A/yf. plicatz/e (1864). Itis undoubtedly Hyp. Heufleurz, Juratzka (1861) (compared with a specimen from Schimper kindly furnished by Mr. James). It is also H. revolutum, Lindb., Ms. and H. recurvo-marginatum, n. sp. Aust Ms. I have many specimens of it from Colorado, Oregon and British Columbia. It also occurs in the high latitudes and alpine regions of Europe. The most striking feature of the species is the (usually) broadly revolute margin of the leaf, from base to point. The cap- sule is curved in the middle from an erect base, the operculum is shortly conic and very obtuse. The leaves are often serrulate at the apex, shortly bicostate, and furnished with a larger or smaller, usually not well defined patch of very short and minute, more or less obscure cells at the basal angles. In mode of growth. ramification, and in the reticulation of the leaves it is variable. I have what appears to be a form of this species also from Monterey. Mexico.”’ In order to determine if Austin was right, I have endeavored to see type specimens and authentically named material, and have been favored with a portion of the type of Stereodon plicatile Mitt. collected by Taylor at Davis’ Straights, and also with specimens collected in the Rocky Mountains by Bourgeau, with drawings ‘of the leaves. Besides the specimens mentioned by Austin, which are preservedin his Herbarium, we have an authentic speci- men of Hypnum Watsonz, named by James (No. 1474 of the U. S. Geol. Sury. of the Fortieth Par.), from Bear River Canyon, Utah, Alt. 9,000 ft., collected by S. Watson. We also have two specimens named Hypunum Heuflerz Jur. (Hf, revolutum Lindb.) from Gray’s Peak, Colorado, collected by Hooker and Gray, 11-14,o00 ft. Of 7. Heuflert besides the specimen mentioned by Aus- tin, we have a portion from the type locality sent to Jaeger by Heufler, as well as a large number of exsiccate and specimens from various European authorities. With these I have made comparisons with a series of speci- mens from various Western States, and I have no hesitation in agreeing with Austin’s decision as expressed by the synonymy given above. Mr. Williams also has come to the same conclusion as he has had occasion to study some of these specimens in determining his collection from Montana and the Yukon Territory, and he is already on record in his lists of species of these regions. The species seems to be common in high Alpine and subarctic regions of both hemispheres, the type locality of 7. revolutum’ being at an elevation of 18,700 ft. in Thibet. Lindberg also described a species which he called H, plicatulum (Act. Soc. Scien, Fenn. 10:254. 1872) collected by Arnell in Siberia which Harald Lindberg has recently examined and pronounced to be the same as 7. revolutum. Itis singular that both Mitten and Lindberg should have used the same specific name for the same species. It will be found that Limpricht describes two European varieties, pygmaecum and Molendoanum, and that Renauld and Cardot have described one American variety, Vz//ardz, from specimens collected by Roll at Helena, Montana. The latter appears to me to be referable to the Euro- pean variety fygmaeum, and is simply a depauperate, slender form, resem- bling some of the states of (7. cupressiforme. Limpricht records along list of European stations at high elevations in all the mountain regions, ranging from 1,300-5,800 meters. In North America, the species has not been recorded from the Eastern United States, but is com- mon in the Rocky Mountains, from British Columbia to Arizona and into Mexico. It is also reported from Hudson’s Bay and Greenland. Kindberg reverses the sequence of names by placing H/. revolutum asa subspecies of H/. plzcaiz/e, and limiting the name to the European species. New York Botanical Garden. Explanation of Plate 1, Sematophyllum recurvans (Michx.) E. G. Brit- ton. In THE BRYOLOGIST, January, 1903: Pigen, so, recurvans, plant x 2; S.recurvans, anteridial, bud x 2. Fig. eheoaue eolarzed, x 10, Vig!.3. Leaf of stem. —Fig. 4. Base of same showing vesicular alar cells. Fig.5. Apex of same showing serrate point. Fig. 6. Antheridial bud, x 10. Fig. 7. Leafofsame. Fig 8. Antheridia and paraphyses. Fig.9. Perichaetium and base of pedicel. Fig. 10. Apex of perichaetial leaf. Fig. 11. Mature capsule. Fig 12. Old capsule, Fig. 13. Lid, showing beak. Fig. 14. Stomataon neck of capsule. Fig. im. Peristome. Pig. 16. .;Annulns, showing three inflated cells. Fig. 17. Tooth of peristome, showing inter trabeculate surface. Fig. 18. Spores, AN INTERESTING TREE. The maple tree of the Sound Country of Western Washington is of great interest to the bryologist, because of the many species of moss which find lodgment onits trunk and branches, It is more often found in the river bottoms than on high land. It has a thick, corky bark, and the leaves are much larger than those of the eastern maple. This tree (Acer macrophyt- /um Pursh)is the most plentiful of our large deciduous trees and, besides giving a home to the various mosses mentioned in this article, supports colonies of polypodies and numerous lichens. The moss found in greatest profusion on the lowest part of the trunk, is: Claopodium crispifoltum. it grows in olive or dark green mats, the color depending on the exposure to the sun. One is led astray in the deterinina- tion of this moss by the description in the Lesquereux and James Manual, where tho perichetial leaves are put down as ecostate; they are lightly costate; see Dr. Best's notes in his revision of Claopodia. It fruits very freely and the capsules are very persistent. Lurhynchium Oreganum occasionally sends up long pinnes from the ground; but as arule it prefers trees with smoother bark than is that of the maple, and, if it does secure a place, is easily crowded Out, by tae Claopodium. Next above these two, grow Camptothectum lutescens, C, Nuttatlzt, flypnum subimponens, and Neckera Menztesit. C. lutescens ig a large woolly moss of a tawny yellow when dry. It fruits freely and its operculum is rostrate. A specimen of this moss from Limoges, France, which was sent me the other day, was growing on sand. Its habitat here is tree trunks and logs. C. Nutta/liz is like gold thread when dry and no more beautiful moss is found in this section. It assumes the stoloniferous form, either in the centre of old growths or on the underside of small limbs. The terminal leaves of the stolons present prominent hooklets at the apices, from which characteristic Kindberg names it hamatidens, Hypnum subimponens is difficult to differentiate from an Hargidium. It fruits freely in early sum- mer, ‘The pinne are soft and white or pale when growing on a tree trunk.. When this moss grows where water drips on it. the color is a rich golden copper. Neckera Menztiesi prefers the tree trunk tothe limbs. Its pinnz hang in graceful curves, are very regular and of arusty brown color. The © immersed capsules.are plentiful. I never found. it in fruit at; any great altitude. Neckera Menstestt, Neckera Douglassté and Antitrichia curtipendula var. gigantae, are the cushions of moss seen hanging to the trees, which are so marked a feature of our landscape. Jsothectum stolontferum seldom grows in as large masses. WNeckera Douglassit is a soft, green moss, Its leaves are sharply dentate, its branches long and irregularly pinnate. The new capsules are orange and unlike those of MenzzeszZ have a pedicel. The Antitrichia clings to the limb well out of reach. After a wind storm one finds quantities of iton the ground. The flagelle, hanging below the limbs, bear the capsules which are attached by a short pedicel. The furry stems above are tipped in the growing season with golden yellow, transforming the dull, dusky masses into things of beauty. There is another moss accredited to this locality which is found asso- ciated with the Aztztrichia, viz. Alsia abietina, This moss grows in little plumes three or four inches long, resembling miniature ostrich feathers. When dry the stems curl in on themselves and the plant shuts up, as it were, like ashut hand. I have not found it in fruit. Two Orthotricha are found on the trunk and limbs, O. pulchellum var. leucodon, and O. speciosum, ‘The former is a small moss growing in little cushions rarely larger than the end of one’s little finger; the latter is a larger moss occurring in masses, an inch or so in diameter. The capsules of pul- chellum are exserted and prominent, while those of sfeczosum are hidden under the leaves and one has to look closely to find them. In suitable places Wnzum insigne, withits clusters of orange capsules, is found scattered through the mosses of the trunk. Scleropodium colophy (- Jum may be found on uncovered roots. When dry it may be mistaken for a Camptothectum. Isothectum Brewertanum occurs on the trunk and low decaying branches. When moist large forms of this may be confused with Antitrichia. A Brachythectum is found occasionally in the lower forks of the tree; it may be 4. rutabuliforme but of this I am not sure. Any other pleurocarpus moss, especially if clinging to dead hmbs, is very likely to be /sothectum stolonitferum which is the most common of our tree mosses and varies sutficiently to puzzle even an expert. All of these mosses are not confined to the maple alone but are found on other trees aswell. The maple is the common meeting place for all of them. Whenever any readers of THE Bryotoaist visit this section of the West, they Willind it oreatly tol their advantage to visit a grove of these trees. The species of moss on them make a respectable collection, Since writing the above I have found Myzum Menztesii growing on the maple and Lurhynchium praclongum on roots washed by running water. JOHN) Wi BAILEy, eViEDs, Seattle, Wash. SUN PRINTS IN BRYOLOGY—ADDITIONAL NOTES. Bi Aree G ROUT. The illustration for the Polytrichum article in this number was made by a variation in the method described by Dr. True in THE Bryo.ocistr V:May, 1902. Instead of the apparatus described, an ordinary photographic frame, was used. First, the mosses were arranged on the glass in the frame. then the sensitized (solio) paper was carefully laid on theseso as not to disturb the arrangement. On the paper was placed a pad made of absorbent cotton backed with pasteboard and covered with lens paper. Then the back of the printing frame was put in and the springs gave sufficient pressure to hold the plants firmly in place and closely pressed against the paper. A deeper frame such as is used in making lantern slides might be better as it would allow of a thicker pad. If the pad be too thin some moss ee filled with nearly ripe spores will be crushed by the pressure. The chief advantages of this method are convenience and the fact that the plants can be arranged on the glassin the light instead of on the sensitized paper which hasto bein a measure protected from the light. | To keep the printing frame at right angles to the sun’s rays, stick a pin in the upper surface of the wood of the printing frame and perpendicular to it? then hold the frame so that the shadow of the pin’s head just covers its point. OBITUARY. Monsieur Emile Bescherelle, a bryologist of note, and a man of diverse activity, died on February 26th of the present year, at Arcachon, Gironde, France, in his 76th year. Besides his immediate circle of relatives and per- sonal friends, who are numerous, the moss students of the whole world are left to mourn the loss of this earnest. energetic and genial’ man, Grim a letter, dated July, 1899, he informed the writer that he was interested in ‘‘the mosses of the whole world.” ‘This statement is well borne out by a glance at the numerous publications from his pen. His bryological activity extends over nearly forty years. His writings are found in the Bulletin of: the Botanical Society of France, in the Journal de Botanique de M. Moret, and in the Revue Bryologique; the principal memoirs are printed mostly in the Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Of these the following are the most important: Prodromus Bryologize Mexicanz (1871). Florule Bryologique de la Nouvelle Caledonic (1873). Fiorule Bryologique des Antilles Frangaises (1875). Mousses de Paraguay (1875). Florule Bryologique de la Reunion (1880). Catalogue des Mousses de l’Algérie (1882). Flore bryologique du Tonkin (1887). Mousses du Cap Horn et Magellan (1889). Musci Yun- nanenses (1892). Flore Bryologique du Japon (1893). Mousses de Lehmann Amerique Centrale (1894). Flore Bryologique de Tahiti (1895). Essai sur le genre Calymperes (1896). Mousses de la Tunisée (1897). Flore bryolo- gique de Tahiti Cee (1898). Flore bryologique du Japon. Supplement (1899). This selected list shows the range of Mr. Besoherene interests) fits energy did not abate till shortly before his death. And while he has not worked on North American mosses, his work on West Indian, Central Amer- ican and South American mosses is so considerable that it will ever place his name prominently among American bryologists. Incidentally it may be of interest to note that Mr. Bescherelle was Chief of the Honorary Division, under the Minister of Public Works; former Presi- dent of the Botanical Society of France; Corresponding Member of the Museum of Natural History; Chevalier of the Legion of Honor; and ‘‘ Officier a’ Académie.” J. M. Houzincer. SELIGERIA TRISTICHOIDES IN SOUTHERN FRANCE. In the Bescherelle collection of European Mosses, recently purchased by the University of Minnesota, are found some twelve sheets labelled ‘ Seligeria tristicha.’ A hand lens inspection of these plants revealed the fact that a majority of the sheets are referable probably to Se/¢gerta irts- tichotdes Kindb., the capsules of which species have a characteristic shape and color. Upon examining the leaves of one of the plants, the one col- lected by Mr. Montague in the ‘‘Grotte de Rousseau,” near Lyons,— my suspicion changed to a practical conviction that these plants from southern France are actually Se/zgeria tristichoitdes! This plant, according to the accompanying note, appears to have been sent to Mr. Bescherelle by Montague erroneously as TJyrichostomum tophaceum, with the remark that it did not yet form a part of the French flora, and that he had found it in three different localities: In the eastern Pyrenees, at Canigou; at yous, mearthe Grotte de Rousseau;and near Toulon. ‘There are several other specimens from near Lyons, all doubtless referable to Dr. Kindbery’s species, One, without date or locality, is marked Ex herb Schimper: so that Schrimper evidently saw the plant, but together with his contemporar- ies confused it with S. ¢r7zsticha. Thus Seligerta tristichoides, so far reported only from northern Norway, and from the N. E United States (coll. G. G. Kennedy in Vermont) under the var. axa, appears also on the French slopes of the Pyrenees, and in the Cevennes Mts. It ought to occur also in the higher reaches of the Alps. . J. M. Howzincer. CGEDIPODIUM GRIFFITHIANUM (DICKS.) SCHWAEGR. In looking over some of the mosses from Alaska, collected by the Harri- man Expedition, with Mrs. Britton. we found one rather peculiar looking specimen not named by Cardot. ‘Chat he had seen it was evident by the fact that pencilled on the packet was something to the effect that it con- tained a Mnium in poor condition. (The packet is not accessible to me at present, and I am unable to give the exact words or translation.) On inves- tigation, the specimen proved to be Chazfodium, a rare plant first collected over a hundred years ago in the British Islands, Elsewhere it has since been found in only a few localities in Norway and Lapland, and by Berggren in Greenland. ‘The Alaskan specimen, a singie dense tuft, was found by Dr. Trelease, at Kodiak, on Kadiak Island. July 3d, 1599, and is in fruiting condition, but the capsules are all quite immature. although one or two are nearly full size and when moistened, show the shape of capsule, lid and its line of fission. .@&. Grifithtanum is the only known species of the genus and is usually placed under the Sp/achnaceae. It may be known by the large, obovate, very Mnium-like leaves and leaf-cells, and the small, erect, globose capsule raised four or five Jines above the leaves ona pale seta-like apophysis, gradually enlarging into the sporangium. The upper- most leaves are not ciliate, but below, the leaves bear on either margin near base a fringe of slender hairs. That the authors of the list of ‘“‘Mosses of Alaska” failed to appreciate so remarkable a species, one of the most interesting collected by the party, indeed, seems rather singular, since they have rather gone out of the way in an attempt to name slight variations that often might far better be included with the species. R. S. WILLIAMS, New York Botanical Garden. THE NOSSES OF ALASKA. By J, ‘CArpot AnD. 7, ToEerio7: From ‘Papers from the Harriman Alaska Exnedition.”’ CONTINUED. The new species and varieties described and figured in the above article (see THe Bryo.ocist for March, 1903,) are: Anoectangium compactum Alaskanum, Cynodontium Treleaset, C. polycarpum Alaskanum, Dicho- dontium peluctdum Kodiakanum, Dicranella heteromalla latinervts, Dicranum subflagellare, Pottia Heimti Beringiana, Trichostomum cuspt- datissimum, T. Sitkanum, Barbula brachypoda. B. Saundersti, B. Trelaeset, B. rigens, Rhacomitrium sudeticum Alaskanum, R. cyclodictyon, Ulota Alaskana, U. crispa subcaluvescens, Orthotirichum fenestratum, Entosthodon spathalifolius, Webera pseudogracilis, Bryum ateleostomum, B. Treleasei, B, Agattuense, B. mucronigerum. B. cylindrico-arcuatum, C. Laurentianum, B, leptodictyon, B. heterogynum, B pseudostirtoni, B. Hlarrimant, B. Duvalit obtusatum, B. drepanocarpum, Mnium punctatum anceps, Polytrichum Yukonense, Brachythectum Beringtanum, Plagtothe- cium fallax, Amblystegium serpens Beringianum, A. varium Alaskanum, flypnum Treleaset, H. uncinatum polare, H. sulcatum stenodictyon, HZ. subeugyrium occidentale, H. sarmentosum Beringianum, H. plestostram- zneum, Ffylocomium triguetrum Beringianum. Bryum Agattuense and B. mucronigerum, both elsewhere described (in Rev. Bryol. 1904) are here for the first time figured. ANOFRCTANGIUM COMPACTUM ALASKANUM Card. and Thér. Distinguished by a more robust habit, leaves more spreading when moist, larger aud broader, cells larger (medium 6-9 mu wide, instead of 4-6 sz), areolation more opaque. _ | From Port Wells (Trelease, 1832). CYNODONTIUM TRELKASEI Card. and Thér. Monoicous, somewhat densely cespitose, stems erect, short, 3-4 mm. high, leaves crispate when dry, patent when moist, 2-3 mm. long, suddenly contracted from an oblong base to a long and narrowly subulate, acumina. tion, apex’sinunate denticulate. margin plain and entire, costa percurrent lower cells rectangular 2-3: 1, upper irregular, and mostly sub quadrate, opaque and papillose, 9-15 long, $-9 broad, alar cells larger, subinflated, yellowish; antheridial buds on short branches, inner perichaetial leaves Sheathing, long acuminate: capsule on a short pedicel 7-8 mm., cernuous or inclined, shortly ovate, convex, sometimes stramulose, smooth or slightly striated; operculum long-rostrate with an oblique beak, crenulate at base; annulus distinct, peristome deep purple 0.5 mm. long, strongly papillose, teeth irregularly trifurcate: spores, smooth, 16-18. Brom, Port. Wells (Treléase, 2268, 2271). ‘This species is only comparable with C. polycarpum Sch., from which it is easily distinguished by its smaller size, its shorter, smooth or hardly striate capsule; its more papillose, longer and brighter purple peristome; its shorter leaves with athinner subula, and its upper leaf-cells smaller and less distinct. CYNODONTIUM POLYCARPUM ALASKANUM Card. and Thér. Differs from the typical form in the leaves more strongly denticulate at apex, margins less widely and less longly revolute, leaf cells smooth, or nearly so, upper a little larger and more distinct (20 x 134 instead of 14 x II): distinct from variety /axzrete Dixon in the narrower leaves, and more dense areolation. From Ozcophorus suecico Arn, and Jens., it differs in having the leaves revolute below, and alar cells indistinct, or nearly so. Hrom juneau (Trelease,2176), Cape Fox (Trelease, 2374); Indian Camp, Yakutat Bay (Brewer and Coe, 645). The type has been indicated for Alaska by Kellogg and by Lesquereux and James (Manual, p. 58). DICHODONTIUM PELLUCIDUM KODIAKANUM Card. and Thér. In size like D. flavescens Lindb., 5-8 cm. high; leaves subentire, apex broadly obtuse, somewhat sinuolate, scarcely papillose. From Kodiak (Trelease, 1848). DiICRANELLA HETEROMALLA LATINERVIS Card. and Thér. Differs from the typical form in having leaves shorter subulate, costa broader, occupying one-third of base. From Douglas Island (Trelease, 2389). DICRANUM SUBFLAGELLARE Card. and Thér. — Nearest to D. flagel/are, differs in the lack of flagellz, the erect sub- falcate leaves, narrower, little flexuose, shorter (2-2.5 mm.), acumen canali- culate, not subtubulose, margins and back subentire, lower cells narrower, upper much smaller, specimens scanty, sterile. From Kodiak (Treiease, 1899). Portia Heim BERINGIANA Card, and Thér. Differs from the typical form in the shorter leaves, surrounded by a yel- lowish border: mucronate by the shorter excurrent costa, areolation more opaque, strongly papillose. From St. Matthew Island (Trelease, 2151 in part). We found only a few stems of this moss, mixed with Barbula brachy- poda Card. and Thér.,andaBryum. By the pellucid margin of the leaves, it is nearly related to P. obtusifolia C. Mill. (P. Hezmit arctica Lindb.) but it is easily distinguished from it by its pointed leaves. It also closely resembles Desmatodon systyliotdes Ren, and Card., from Labrador, which is probably also a Pottza of the same group, but it differs from this species by its ovate, — 50 — shorter and proportionately wider capsule, its longer and more finely beaked lid, its shorter and more briefly acuminate leaves, and finally by its areola- tion formed of larger and less obscure cells. TRICHOSTOMUM CUSPIDATISSIMUM Card. and Thér. Dioicous, compactly caespitose, brownish yellow, stems erect, about 5 cm, high, densely foliate, reddish tomentose; branches numerous, erect: leaves crispate when dry, erect-arcuate when moist, clustered at the apex of the stems and branches, fragile (apex often broken off) from an ovate base gradually long acuminate: 3-3.5 mm. long, 0.45-0.7 wide, margins plane, inflexed above, crenulate with prominent papille, costa narrow, 80-gou wide at base, long excurrent into a very acute cuspidate apex, lower cells rectangular 5-6:1, yellowish, upper mostly quadrate, 10-12" wide, opaque, strongly papillose. Sterile. From Hall Island (Brewer and Coe, 674). A fine species, easily distinguished from the large forms of 7. Pe ae Bruch, and its variety cusfzdatum Limpr. (7. cuspidatum Sch.), by the form of its leaves, and more particularly by its narrower costa and its upper cells which are much largerand more distinct (10-124 instead of 6-8). TRICHOSTOMUM SITKANUM Card, and Ther. Dioicus (?). In somewhat dense tufts, above green. blackish within, covered with earth below stems 2-3 cm. high, little divided, loosely foliate. Leaves soft, cirrate-crispate when dry, patulous when moist, the lower 2.5-3 mm. long, upper longer, 4-4.5 mm. long, linear lanceolate from a long subsheathing base, margins plane and entire. costa quite strong, about tio“ wide at base, excurrent into a short, yellowish mucro, cells of the sub- sheathing base rectangular, hyaline 4-6:1; others quadrate,-hexagonal, I2-I4u wide, strongly papillose: other parts lacking, From Sitka(Trelease, 2370). The aspect, the form of leaves, the looser basal areolation and the upper cells more papillose, easily distinguish this plant from 7. cuspidatissimum Card. and Thér. It is more closely connected with 7. Bambergerz Sch., but the latter has the costa shining on the back in a dry state, and the hyaline cells of the base going up along the borders of the leaf, as in Bardula tor- tuosa Web, and Mohr. BARBULA BRACHYPODA Card. and Thér. Monoicus, laxly cespitose, green, stems 5-10 mm, high, erect, simple or divided, leaves soft, erect when dry, erect-open when moist, elliptic or sub- spatulate. 2.5-3 mm. long, 0.6-1 mm. broad, broadly and shortly acuminate, obtuse, subobtuse or acute, margins revolute from base to middle, thence plane and bordered with three or four rows of yellowish cells; costa narrow (50/4), vanishing a little below the apex: areolation smooth, the cells in the lower half very lax, hyaline, rectangular, 66-88 x about 22, strongly chloro- phyllose; above, cells irregular roundish-quadrate or very short rectangular, gradually smaller from costa to margin (larger, 25 x 16: smaller, quadrate 14 wide); antheridial buds below the archegonial; perichetial leaves larger — 51 — ’ than the stem leaves, acuminate; inner very narrow; seta short, pale, 5-7 mm. long,o.2 mm. thick; capsule erect, cylindric, about 2 mm. long, oper- culum conic equalling one-third the length of the capsule; annulus broad, distinct; peristome papillose, basal membrane short, teeth once or twice twisted; spores smooth, 12-16. From St. Matthew Island (Trelease 2151, in part 2166). This species, which belongs to the section Cumnezfoléae Sch., is easily dis- tinguished from B. cuneifolia Brid. by its leaves revolute below, its longer lower cells, the upper more chlorophyllose with thicker walls, its shorter seta, its broad annulus, etc. Kindberg has established in Revue Bryologique, 1896, p. 22) a B. sud- cunefolia from Alaska, which, by some characters, seems to be near to our B. brachypoda; but his description is so incomplete that we can neither ascertain whether this B. subcuneifolia is identical with the plant here described, nor, with still more reason, mention the characters wns might distinguish it from the former. BarBuLa SaunpErsit Card. and Thér. Dioicus ? laxly czespitose, olive-green, stemsshort, 5-8 mm. high, simple or little divided. Leaves incurved when dry, erect, or erect-open when moist 1.5-2 x 0.8 mm., shortly acuminate, obtuse or shortly mucronate with margins revolute below to two-thirds the length of the leaf, concave above, costa strong, nearly the same thickness (0.1 mm.) throughout, strongly prominent at back, percurrent, or rarely somwhat excurrent, areolation smooth, lower cells lax, rectangular, yellowish, 40 x 12u, the next above quadrate, 12 x 13; incrassate middle and upper cells minute, 7-8u wide, scarcely distinct: pericheetial leaves longer than the stem leaves, erect, incurved when dry, erect-appressed when moist; seta purple, about 10 mm. long, twisted to the left when dry; capsule erect, oblong or subcylindric, I-1.25 mm. long; operculum very long-conic, equalling the capsule; peri- stome purple, papillose; basal membrane short, 30% high, teeth once or twice twisted; spores smooth 14-16y. From Hidden Glacier Inlet, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 2514). In habit recalls the smallest forms of B&B. unguiculata Hedw.. from which it differs by the shorter and proportionately broader leaves, which are shortly ovate-lanceolate, not or hardly mucronate, etc. By the form of leaves, it is also connected with B. drachyphyl/a Sulliv., but the latter has the stems much longer and the basal areolation of the leaves quite different. BARBULA TRELEASEI Card, and Thér. Dioicus ? densely ceespitose yellowish green; stems 1-2 cm. high, erect, divided; leaves slightly crispate when dry, erect-open when moist, about 1.5 x 0.6 mm., ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, entire, margins revolute from the base; costa strong, percurrent, 80s thick at base; lower leaf cells rectangular, subhyaline, smooth: median and upper minute (8), quadrate, strongly papillose, scarcely distinct: perichetial leaves much larger and broader, suddenly contracted, long acuntinate, arcuate-spreading when —— 2 moist; inner subsheathing, hyaline in the lower half; séta 10-11 mim, long, capsule erect, oblong cylindric. Other parts lacking. From Juneau (Trelease, 2179, 2:81). This moss has the aspect of a slender B. fal//ax Hedw.: but the texture of the leaf base, form of rectangular subhyaline cells, clearly separate it. On the other hand, it differs from B&B. vzmealis Brid and allied forms by the much shorter leaves. : BARBULA RIGENS Card, and Thér. Reddish, loosely caespitose or intermixed with other mosses; stems slender, erect, rather rigid, divided, 1-2 cm. high, leaves somewhat crispate when dry, erect-open when moist, shortly linear-lanceolate, 1.25 to 1.5 x 0.3 mm., margins entire (Somewhat revolute towards the middle); costa strong of nearly the same thickness throughout (56). biconvex, percurrent or excurrent into a short mucro; lower leaf cells rectangular, hyaline, smooth for the most part, upper cells opaque, indistinct, round-quadrate, densely papillose on both sides, median about 114 wide. Other parts lacking. From Orca (Trelease, 2260; mixed with Dzstichtum capillaceum and Anoectangtum compactumy). This species belongs to the group of A. rigidula Mitt., from which it is easily distinguished by its stiff stem and leaves, the latter being shorter and very briefly acuminate and by its much more papillose areolation. RHACOMITRIUM SUDETICUM ALALKANUM Card. and Thér. Asmall form with the habit of var. sexe//um Boul., but with hyaline apex nearly or quite lacking and the costa more distinct. Hidden Glacier Inlet, Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 2508 in part). RHACOMITRIUM CYCLODICTYON Card, and Thér. Dioicous? Small, densely ceespitose, dark brown, stem depressed, very freely branching erect short, 3-5mm. long. Leaves when dry suberect, scarcely flexuous, erect open when moist, 125mm. long, by o 5mm. broad, muticous, entire lower margin revolute, costa rather slender, 35-40 wide, vanishing a little below the apex, areolation subequal, a few of the lower cells next the costa rectangular or sublinear, not sinuous, all the others round or shortly ovate, 8-124 wide, marginal cells incrassate, smooth or strangely convex so as stimulate large papilla, Perichzetial leaves much larger from a sheathing base, gradually long acuminate, erect when moist. Seta short, purple becoming blackish and twisted to the left when dry. Capsule 5mm. long, erect, narrowly cylindric, 1.5mm long, by 0.3 thick. Spores minutely granulose, 16-174. The rest unknown. From Muir Glacier (Trelease, 2431). A most remarkable species which cannot be mistaken for any other on account of its characteristic areolation very different from that of all known ~ species of the genus Rhacomitrium., Uxota ALASKANA Card. and Thér. Differs from the closely allied U. crzspa Brid. at first sight in its size and more robust habit (stem 2-4cm. high, freely branching), seta longer 4-6 mm.) lower leaves more narrowly hyaline margined (four or five rows of cells) spores larger (19-23) and especially by having the dry capsule dilated at the mouth, never constricted below the mouth. From Wrangell (Coville and Kearney, 407); Point Gustavus (Coville and Kearney, 774); New Metlakatla (Trelease, 2239); Yakutat Bay (Trelease, 2337): Virgin Bay (Trelease, 2499): Hot Springs (Trelease, 2347). By the shape of its capsule, dilated at mouth, this species is very dis- tinct from U. Bruchiz Hornsch. and VU. intermedia Sch. It cannot be either mistaken for U. connectens Kindb., which, according to the author, has a short, hardly emergent seta. U. camptopoda Kindb. would appear, accord- ing to the description, nearer to U. Alaskana, but as Kindberg has recently joined it to U. connectens, we need not take it into account. Besides, he gave it the aspect of U. crzspula Bruch, which does not at all agree with our U. Alaskana, characterized by its great size and the length of its seta. ULOTA CRISPA SUBCALVESCENS Card. and Thér. Capsule short, when moist as in U. crzspula, but when dry and empty constricted below the mouth asin U. crisfa. Calyptra hairy only at apex. Baranof Island (Trelease, 2348 in part). Two small tufts, mixed with U. pkyllantha Brid. ORTHOTRICHUM FENESTRATUM Card. and Ther. Monoicous, in rather loose cushions, dark or blackish-green becoming black within, stems frequently divided, 1-1.5cm. high. Leaves erect, imbri- cated when dry and barely spreading when moist, median leaves 3.5mm. long, by 0 75-1 wide, the upper larger, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, mar- gins entire, revolute to near the apex; costa narrow, brownish, vanishing below the apex; the lower leaf cells subhyaline, rectangular, 2-4 times longer than wide, shorter near the margin, walls sinuous, median and upper cells unequal, roundish or short-ovate, 9-124; walls incrassate; antheridial buds below the archegonial, sessile, perichetial leaves short with rounded apex, ecostate or obsoletely costate, paraphyses filiform: capsule exserted on short seta, 1-2mm. long, pale yellow, ovate-pyriform, when dry, subglobose, abruptly constricted at the base, when moist, gradually narrowed into a long neck:tapering into the seta, smooth or slightly striate when dry, 3mm. long (with the neck) by 1.5 wide, stomata immersed, the striz are subindistinct composed of yellower and more incrassate, cells; operculum depressed, long beaked, the calyptra conical-campanulate, somewhat plicate, with white hairs at the brown apex; the vaginule without hairs; peristome as far as observed is simple, with eight bigeminate, pale-yellow, granulose teeth, when dry erect or spreading, cancellate and cribose-perforate in the upper half. Spores large for the genus, 24-28, brown and papillose. From St. Paul Island (J. M. Macoun). This moss was distributed as O. anoma/um Hedw.. butit bears no resem- blance to that species. It is allied to O. crzbosumC. Muel. from the Chukchi Peninsula, Siberia, chiefly by the shape of the capsule and from the struc- ture of the peristomial teeth, but it differs from it by its larger size and the — 54 a leaf-areolation, composed of less incrassate and less papillose cells. In O. cribosum the leaf-cells are strongly incrassate and coarsely papillose from the base. OFFERINGS TO CHAPTER [JIEFBERS. [To chapter members only—for postage. | Mr. Severin Rapp, Sanford, Florida, Syrrhopodon Floridanus Sulliv. Miss Alice L. Crockett, Camden, Maine. Plagzothecitum elegans Schimp. Mr. J. F. Collins, 468 Hope St., Providence, R. I. UJlota phyllantha, Brid., OU. Ludwigi Brid. Mr. J. W. Huntington, Amesbury, Mass. Pleuridium subulatum B. & §., flypnum Bosci Schwaegt. Miss Mary F. Miller. r109 M Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Barbula unguiculata Hedw., Ditrichum vigtnans (Sulliv.) Hampe., Brachythe- clum plumosum B. & §. Mrs. J. D. Lowe, Noroton, Conn. UJ/ota crispula Brid., Fissidens taxtfolius Hedw., Cylindrothectum seductrix Sulliv. Mrs. Carolyn W. Harris, 125 St. Mark’s Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. Cladonia rangtferina (L.) Hoftm., C. rangtferina (L.) Hoffm. var. sylvatica L. C. rangiferina(L.) Hoffm.) var. alpestrzs L. NOTE TO CHAPTER MEMBERS. Please take notice. In order to secure greater uniformity in the writing of labels we will give in future the author- ity in full as well as name of plant. In matters of nomenclature we endeavor to follow the best usage— this often necessitates one or more cross references to be made on ones own label, at least till such time as the newer name is well fastened in the memory. Another suggestion we make is that members indicate on their list sent to the Secretary, the geographical location of the various species so that an intelligent choice may be made by those requesting specimens. When the same moss is offered again and again it would often save sending for it from a locality already well represented in ones herbarium. AcM. Ss: READY TOEYs1S1 s1¢ee WITH HAND-LENS AND MICROSCOPE 8o PAGES,-75% X 103% SSS SS 0 SESS Bound in durable pamphlet cover. 15-20 Lull page Plates and more than roo Cuts.in the text. Printed on the best paper by the best of printers. the Mount Pleasant Printery—‘Country Life in America’ 1s a sample of tts work. The HAND-LENS CHARACTERS are fully emphasized so that these alone are often sufficient to determine the plant and mn addition the MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS are treated an the same untechnical manner. The book will be completed in three parts of about the same size and cost $1.00 a part, post-paid. Checks NOT on New York City MUST be made out for soc. extra. Fart [. contains a complete TEXT-BOOK on Mosses treating of LIFE-HISTORY, STRUCTURE, AND BIOLOGY. ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY, REVISED AND REARRANGED. KEY TO RAMILIES: A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE WORKS MOST USEFUL FOR AMERICAN STUDENTS. ALSO A SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT OF THE FAMILIES THROUGH THE DICRA- NACEAE AND POSSIBLY THE GRIMMIACEAE. SAMPLE PAGES READY JWINE- Ws. SEND FOR THEM. PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, A. J. GROUT, Px.D., 360 LENNOX Roab, BROOKLYN, N. Y. ALFEW SETS OF ; Tite -BRYOLOGIST HAVE BEEN BOUND And can be obtained by addressing Mrs. ANNIE MORRILL SMITH, 78 Orange Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. VOLUMES I.-IV., WITH INDEX, $2.50 VOLUME V., WITH INDEX, $2.00 a ees The binding is Brown Cioth Sides, Leather Back and Corners—very durable. They are invaluable as a guide to recent Bryology. Only a small number of Full Sets of the Unbound BRYOLOGIST remain on hand. Make sure YOUR File is complete. 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MERTON SWAIN, Editor and Business Manager, FAIRFIELD, ME. NATURE STUDY, A monthly magazine, published under the auspices of ae Manchester Insti- tute of Arts and Sciences. Devoted to the encouragement of the study of Nature in her varied aspects—of the Rocks, the Birds, the Flowers, and all the multitude of living things that crawl, or swim, or walk, or fly. Terms fifty cents per annum in advance. NATURE STUDY, Manchester, N. ae enn IN annie | a : : : ee ee _— = cee © maar a VI. 3 NUMBER 4 = es ” NA - We Ss JULY, 1903 Ls HE BRYOLOGIST. AN ILLUSTRATED BIMONTHLY DEVOTED TO NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS ABEL JOEL GROUT and ANNIF MORRILL SMITH CONTENTS Lichens — Sticta (///ustrated) . “ Carolyn W. Harris, 55. West Indian Mosses in Florida, ™ . L£éizabeth G. Britton, , 58 Hypnum capillifolium Baileyi, n. var., ‘i . Renauld, 61 Additional Mosses of the Upper Yukon River,2. S. Wz//zams, 61 The Peristome V. (///ustrated) . ° ° aa. J“GrouL, 63 Mosses of Alaska (7raus/ation continued) Cardot and Theriot, 65» Sullivant Moss Chapter Offerings, . ‘ : 3 . 70 ak ae : Published by the Editors, 78 Orange St., Brooklyn, N. Y., Us S. A. LULU LL Ls Ue PRESS OF MC BRIDE & STERN, 97-99 CLIFF STRE® THE BRYOLOCIST BIMONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE STUDY OF NORTH AMERICAN MOSSES HEPATICS AND LICHENS. ALSO OFFICIAL ORGAN i ' OF THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER OF THE AGGASIZ ASSOCIATION, Subscription Price, $1.00 a year. 20c.acopy. Four issues 1898, 35c. Four issues 1899, 35¢. ‘Together, eight issues, 50c. Four issues 1900, 50c. Four issues 1gor, 50c. Four Vols. $1.50 Six issues 1902, $1.00. A:blue pencil mark here indicates that your subscription has expired. Short articles and notes on mosses solicited from all students of the mosses. Address manu- script to A. J. Grout, Boys’ High School, Brooklyn, N. Y. Address all inquiries and sub- scriptions to Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith, 78 Orange Street, Brooklyn, N. VY. Exchange Aadvs. to subscribers, roc. for 25 words. For advertising space address Mrs. Smith. Check, except NV. Y. City, must contain 10 cents extra for Clearing House charges. Copyrighted 1903, by Annie Morrill Smith. Entered at the Post Office, Brooklyn, N. Y., as Second-Class Mail Matter. THE SULLIVANT MOSS CHAPTER. President, Prof. J. M. Holzinger, Winona, Minn. Vice-President, Mr. W. C. sage Sayre, Pa. Secretary—Treasurer, Miss Wheeler, Chatham, Columbia Ove Nis Allinterested in the study of Mosses, Hepatics, and Lichens by correspond- ence are invited tojoin. Dues $1.10 a year. This includes a subscription to THE BRYOLOGIST. For further information address the Secretary. BOTANICAL SUPPEIES Everything for the Botanist Wa Everything for Botany COLLECTING CASES—MOUNTING PAPER—MOUNTING CARDS GENUS COVERS ~TROWELS SEND FOR CIRCULAR CD EEN Gc 8G ice Sl N Ge 59 FirTH AVE., 1010 CHESTNUT ST., New York City PHILADELPHIA, PA. WANTED.—Tuckerman’s Synopsis of North American Lichens, Vol. I. Address, E. T. CRESSON, JR., Box 248, Philadelphia, Pa. WANTED.—Hepatice, all kinds, from all localities. Those of South and West especially desired. Address, WM. C. BARBOUR, Sayre, Pa. FOR EXCHANGE.—Fresh Water Algae. Address, Mrs. Josephine D. Lowe, Noroton, Conn. MOSSES OF THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES Sets of 51 Specimens (Nos. 1 to 51) may be had at $5.00 a set, on application to Dr. JOHN K. SMALL, Bedford Park, New York City. . : a F a a ee ee SS en PLATE IX. Fig. 1. ~S/écia guercizans. FPig.2. (S* O7vegoua Fig 3. S. amplissima Fig. 4. S. anthraspts, ieee yy OL OGIES tT. Wor.) VI: PUM, 903. No. 4. LICHENS—STICTA. By CAROLYN W. Harris. Sticta is largely a tropical genus, but we have in our own country a number of very interesting species; a few are found in the gulf states which are tropical. The name, meaning spotted, probably comes from the cyphelle with which the underside of the thallus of most of the Stictas is covy- ered, those in which cyphelle are not present are beset with light-colored spots. As this is the only genus we have bearing cyphelle it is readily dis- tinguished by them from the other foliaceous lichens which it somewhat resembles. These cyphellz are circular breaks in the lower cortical layer, and are analogous to the stomata or breathing pores of leaves. The thallus of Sticta is usually wide lobed, elongated, medium in thick- ness and cartilaginous in texture; it lies flat upon the substratum and is usually loosely attached by rhizoids. The color is generally brown, light or _ dark, tinged with bluish green in some species. Sometimes the upper sur- face of the thallus presents a series of depressions, outlined by ridges. In the majority of species the upper surface is smooth or slightly wrinkled. The under part is always villous, the spongy nap varying in thickness, this with the cyphellz or naked pale dots give the specimens a peculiar appear- ance. In several species the inner layer is a lemon or orange color which shows through the breaks in the cortical layer; these species are usually cov- ered with soredia of the same color. The apothecia are medium in size, varying in color from a bright toa dark chestnut, the disk is often convex, the margin thin and lighter in color. Stictas are found on shaded rocks, frequently growing with mosses, they also grow on the trunks of dead or living trees. Where conditions are fay- orable, some species attain a large size. A specimen of Stzcfa amplissima collected at Chilson Lake, Essex Co., N. Y., measured nearly a foot in diam- eter; it is now in the Museum of the New York Botanical Garden. STICTA AMPLISSIMA (Scop.) Mass. Plate IX. Fig. 3. Thallus large, round, rather thin and brittle, when young it is smooth but grows somewhat wrinkled when fully developed. It is a light greenish gray when fresh, turning darker when pressed, often changing: to brown. The lobes are elongated, somewhat appressed with wavy margins. The under surface is light brown, growing darker toward the centre; it is covered with a fine nap and scattered bunches of short rhizoids with which it is loosely attached to the substratum. The apothecia are very numerous, especially toward the centre, they are found in all stages of development on the same plant; when young they are sessile and cup-shape, becoming flat, the disk is a bright, shiny chestnut with an entire margin. The May BRYOLOGIST was issued May sth, 1903. Seg es S. amplissima is found on rocks in its best form, but grows on old wood and even trunks of living trees. Fig. 5. Sticta aurata. It is one of the most common of the Stictas, and when growing on rocks, where it forms a large, round mat of light gray, thickly covered with the reddish apothecia, is a very handsome plant. Red. STICTA AURATA (Sm.) Ach. Fig. 5. The thallus of this interesting species has broad, deep lobes with cren- ate margins covered with golden colored soredia, is greenish brown soon turn- ing a brownish red and finally a deep rose. The inner part of the thallus is a beautiful orange color, and as the deep, broad lobes turn over, with their bright yel- low powdery margins, the effect is unusual. There is only one other species with which S. aurata can be confounded, S. crocata, but in this the soredia are a bright lemon, the thallus is more brown than red. The under surface of the thallus of S. aurata is light brown with a reddish bloom, becoming darker toward the centre, with small cyphelle which appear as minute yellow spots. The apothecia are large, near the margin, and are dark red; they are only found on tropical specimens. This is a southern lichen, is found growing with mosses on rocks and trees. | Pigs 0. Sticta pulmonaria. Red... STICTA PULMONARIA (L.) Ach, Fig. 6, Thallus large, very thin and brittle, cov- ered with depressions, the lobes are long, angular, narrow, and truncate at the ends, frequently the mar- gins are thickly dotted with silvery soredia. The lower side is a light brown, vil- lous, and loosely attached to the substratum. There are no cyphelle, but light spots appear which seem _to be caused by the depres- sions above. The apothecia, which are not so common as soredia, are medium in size, usually near the margin, the disk is reddish brown or chestnut, has an entire margin and is flat or slightly convex. S. fu/monarta is acommon species in North America, it grows on living and dead trees, and on rocks. StTicrA Orrcona Tuck. Plate IX. Fig.2. Thallus similar to S, pu/- monaria, is not so brittle, but soft and crumbles easily. It has long lobes, rounded at the ends, with erose, finely dissected edges which give it a ragged appearance; in color is a light greenish brown. The under surface is also light brown and covered witha fine nap, through which appear light colored, bare looking spots as in S. amflisstma, The apothecia are medium, scattered over the surface, but more numerous near the margin, the disk is a dark chestnut with a light colored margin, This species is found in Oregon, as its specific name indicates, also in California and British Columbia, grow- ing on trees. : SrlerA QUERCIZANS (Michx.) Ach: Plate IX. Fig. 1. Thallus thin, somewhat coriaceous, smooth, from greenish to reddish brown, darker at the margin. The lobes are deeply cut, pinnatifid, with rounded ends which are usually crisped, finely toothed, with tiny, coral-like points. In many specimens at the margin the thallus breaks and shows a line of the white inner layer. The under surface is a paler brown with a thick, Spongy nap, dotted with numerous round, white cyphellz which look like minute holes in the thick nap. Apothecia are very rare except in tropical specimens, they are small, marginal, with a red brown disk and thin toothed margin, lighter in color than the disk. Found on trees and rocks with moss, common in the south- ern states, especially in the mountains of North Carolina, STICTA CROCATA (L.) Ach. In appearance this species resembles S. aurata, but the thallus is russet brown, not reddish brown, the soredia are lemon colored, not golden, the lobes are longer and narrower, with crenate margins, the surface is pitted and wrinkled. The powdery lemon colored soredia are found on the thallus as well as the margin. On the under side it is a light brown, turning darker until almost black. Apothecia are rare except in tropical specimens where they are small and not abundant, the disk is a dark chestnut, with a paler, entire margin, This handsome lichen is found on rocks, growing with moss, occasionally is found on trees. STICTA ANTHRASPIS Ach, Plate IX. Fig. 4. Thallus thin and brittle, reticulated with deep depressions, the lobes are wide with irregular crenate edges, these are frequently covered with light gray soredia. Incolor it isa light olive brown, becoming darker until it is arusset brown. The under-- side is covered with a light brown nap which is thicker and darker at the centre. The cyphellez are very minute and white, not depressed but seem- ing to be on the surface of the thick nap. The apothecia are very numerous in specimens where soredia are not present; they are medium, the disk con- vex and reddish brown. This species is found on rocks with mosses, and on trees, in California, Oregon, and farther north, as well as in the tropics. STICTA | SCROBICULATA (Scop.) Ach. Fig. 7. The thallus is large, almost round, is irregularly pitted, in color is a light green and darker, with areddish tinge. The rounded, wavy lobes are frequently covered with light gray soredia. The under surface is a light brown with a close nap through which appear pale spots, smaller and rounder than those in S. amplisstma and S. pulmonaria. Apo- thecia are very rare, they are small and scattered, the disk is a dark brown with an entire margin. S. scrobiculata is found in the northern states, on rocks, occasionally on trees where it does not reach its highest development. While not a very common species it is not rare, and is one of the most interesting species of this handsome genus. Pig. 7.) Stzeta scrobrculaca.. IRed, 3. WEST INDIAN TOSSES IN FLORIDA. ELIZABETH G,. BRITTON. On our way home from Cuba, we stopped off for a day at Miami, and drove to Peacock Inn, at Cocoanut Grove. After leaving the Tropical Lab- oratory of the Agricultural Experiment Station, the road passes through a ‘*Hammock”’ or grove of hard wood trees, with a tangled growth of shrubs and vines giving shade and moisture and some wood loam. Elsewhere, the pine woods are dry and arid, and the coral rock so devoid of soil that itis a wonder anything will grow there; they have to dig holes with picks, instead of shovels, to plant their orange trees. One of the commonest mosses found was Octoblepharum albidum, grow- ing on the trunks of palmettos in the axils of the leaves, with Vzttarza line- ata, Itis found in the same places in Cuba, associated with two species of Polypody. Inthe hammocks, however, mosses and hepatics found a con- genial home and five species were collected which I had not before seen growing. One of these is not described in the Manual, so I give a descrip- tion: Microthamnium thelistegium (CM.) Mitt. J. L. Soc. 12:504. 1869. Hypnum thelistegitum, CM. Syn. Musc. 2:269. 1851. Plants pale green or yellow; stems irregularly or pinnately branched, the branches short, 2-5 mm, long, spreading; leaves small, ovate-acumin- ate, concave, clasping and slightly decurrent at base, vein short, double or at the margin is usually — 59 — none, margins finely serrulate, a few alar cells denser and quadrate, all other cells elongated with small papillz at the angles. Monoicous; periche- tial leaves short, scarcely covering the vaginule; seta short, 7-12 mm. long; capsules small, less than 1 mm. long; contracted below the mouth when dry, ovate when moist; lid hemispherical, mammillate, walls with thickened cells, peristome double; teeth and segments finely papillose, the teeth with lateral and dorsal projections, cilia slender, 1-3; segments not perforate; spores small, .o1o-.013 mm.. Rooting and creeping on old stems and roots in moist, shady hammock, St. Lucie River, Florida, J. D. Smith (Austin Musci App. Suppl. no. 545): Miami, Florida, E. G. Britton. This species is listed by Renauld and Cardot in their Check-list, and was originally described by Miiller from specimens collected in Brazil by Pabst, with which he included some Mexican specimens wrongly referred to HT. reptans by Deppe and Schiede.' According to Mitten this species is widely distributed in the West Indies and South America. Taxithelium planum (Brid.) Mitt. J. L. Soc. 12:496. 1869. Hypnum planum Brid. Musc, Recent. Suppl. 2:97. 1812. This species is listed by Renauld and Cardot in their Check-list by the above name, butin the Manualit Jappears as Hyfunum. It is described as having cells of the leaves ‘‘ papillose,’* but no mention is made of the pecu- liar fact that the papille are very small, and numerous, occurring in rows down the centre of each cell. It was collected by John Donnell Smith. ‘‘In wet hammocks near Caloosa, Fla., 1878, associated with Hypuum Wrightzz, HI, thelistegium, tH. micans and Hl. serrulatum,” according to Austin’s specimens. This association is also very interesting, as three of these species have since been referred to other tropical American genera, Stereophyllum, Microthamtum and Isopterygtum. Austin was at first inclined to call his specimens a new species, but finally concluded to refer them to 7: pflanum. One of the species which seemed to be most common at Miarni, was Neckera undulata Hedw. This species has been referred to Hypfuum Jamaicensis by Stuntz. Apparently the synonymy isas follows: Neckera Jamaicensts (Gmel). HHypnum Jamatcensts Gmel. L. Syst. Nat. 1341. 1791. Neckera undulata Hedw. Muse. frond. 3. 51. t. 21. 1792. Pilotrichum undulatum, Beauv. Prod. 37. 1805. Eleutera Jamaicensts Stuntz, Bull. T. B. C. 27:210. 1900. This is a small species with dark green foliage, the leaves very undulate ; it has thus far been found sterile in Florida. It was collected by Charles Wright in Cuba and Santo Domingo, and occurs in various parts of Central and South America. In his Revision of the genus Neckera (Bull. T. B. C. 27:202-211. 1900) Mr. Stuntz substituted the name //eu/era for this genus, as there isan older use of the genus WVeckera by Scopoli, 1777, Both Scopoli and Hedwig, how- ever, spelled it Weckerza. It would save confusion, if this change could be avoided, as it appears that the genus Lesfza is also mixed up in the ques- — (oc tion. It will be impossible now, to go into the details of this question of nomenclature, but it seems certain that EA/exftera is untenable, and that Leskia, the first species of which is Meckera complanata, would have to be used if VVeckera were rejected. It will be evident in looking through /Veckera as treated in the Manual, that V. Flortdana, N. Ludoviciana and N. cymbifolium are not congeneric with the other species described. This may be seen at once by the subgen- eric names prefixed to these species, Pzlotrichum and Orthostichella. In Renauld and Cardot’s Check-list, MV. Ludoviciana is reduced to P2/o- trichella cymbifolia, In this species alone we have the choice of three gen- eric names. Two originated as subgenera of Veckera given by Carl Miiller, and Paris fails to give any reference to their first use as generic names. Ptlotrichum dates back to 1805, in Beauvois’ Prodomus, two pages beyond Eleutera, and the first species named under it are eckera fennata and undulata. This matter of nomenclature is also much involved, and cannot be taken up at length here. Pilotrichella cymbifolia (Sull.) Ren, and Card. Musc. Am. Sept. 44. 1895. Pilotrichum cymbtfolium Sull. Mosses U.S. 681.1856. Icon. Muse. 122. t. 76bs 1864. This species has also been found sterile in Florida, and is conspicuous for its pinnately branched stems, and its leaves in regular ranks, they are also remarkably boat-shaped or keeled, as the specific name implies. It has been distributed by Austin as no. Musci App. Suppl. from Florida, collected by John Donnell Smith; and by Cardot from Louisiana, collected by Langlois, It has also been collected at Caloosa and Jupiter Inlet, Florida, and in Ala- bama by Sullivant. Meteortum nigrescens (Sw.) Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soc. 12:441; 1869. flypnum nigrescens Sw, Prod. Fl. Ind. Occ. 141, 1788. This species grows entangled with Octoblepharum and Vittarza, both at Miami and St. Augustine, and is conspicuous for the defoliation of the young branches, having the aspect of reproducing by flagelle. As in all other species of this genus the fruit is very rare. Austin distributed it as var, Donne lli (no. 533 Musci App.) on account of the peculiar flagellz, which have also been seen in specimens from Jamaica. The Manual states that the species has been collected at ‘‘ Lake Huron Todd, zz fruz¢t, and in Canada West, by Emery.” Iwrote to Prof. Macoun for further information and he suggested that Mitten might be able to throw some light on this very improbable statement. From the reply received, I am still inclined to believe that there must be some mistake in crediting this tropical genus to the Flora of Canada. Mitten says: ‘IT send you a fragment of the Weteortum from Lake Huron, ‘The speci- men is a single stem with many branches and one old capsule, with a small piece of paper on which is written in a plain handwriting quite unknown to me, ‘Lake Huron, Dr. Todd.’ It came to me with a small number of United. States mosses, which from various notes on the waste paper in which they. were wrapped I refer to the time of Torrey and Greene, both of whom sent. —* —6OL —— mosses to Bridel. What came to me seemed to be the refuse of some col- lection which Wilson had seen.” ‘‘Emery was a young farmer who went fromhere to Canada. I had asked him to get for me any mosses he might see on trees. After some years he came back for a short stay, and gave mea small tuft of moss which he told me he had gathered in remembrance of my request. It was Weteortum nigrescens, and nothing beside it. As he was quite ignorant of mosses, and as far as I know had been nowhere else, I sup- posed it was as he said. I do not find this specimen now among my numer- ous specimens from Mexico, and the West Indian Islands. I have probably cast it out, but shall refind it among some heaps of surplus speci- mens of these tiresome mosses.” ; In the case of the Todd label, it might easily have been misplaced in handling and belong with some other species, but the Emery specimens are only explainable on the ground that it was a wrong determination, which Mitten rejected on later consideration, and that some species of Leucodon or Anomodon may have been mistaken for Meteorzum. It is unfortunate that the specimens are lost, as thus far this species has not been collected by anyone else except in Florida. . N. Y. Botanical Garden, N. Y. City. HYPNUM CAPILLIFOLIUM Baileyi Ren. n. var. ‘Well characterized specimen with its rather longly excurrent nerve. This variety differs from the type by its less robust habit, the short leaves broadly ovate at base, rapidly tapering to arather short acumen; areolation rather /ax with short cells, parenchymatous just above the base, swzdb-hexa- gonal or rhombic in the middle and near the apex.” ‘“‘Teste F. Renault in litt. March 27th, 1903.” Communicated by Dr. John W. Bailey, Seattle, Washington. This will be issued in the next fascicle of Dr. Grout’s Musci Pleuro- carpi. ADDITIONAL MOSSES OF THE UPPER YUKON RIVER. By R_ S. WILLIAMS. In the summer of 1902, Prof. John Macoun made a collection of mosses, as well as other plants, in the vicinity of Skagway, Alaska and Dawson, Yukon Terr , this being much the same ground as that which I collected over some three years earlier. There are a good many sterile specimens in the lot, but out of some 125 Species that have been determined, the following are not in my list, published in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Garden, Vol. II. no. 6: Dicranella cerviculata Schimp. (246) Hunker Cr., July 6, in fine fruit. Ditrichum tenutfolium (Schrad.) Lindb. (17 and 77) Hunker Cr., July 26, and Bonanza Cr., Aug. II. ' Barbula Montana (Mitt.) Jaeg. (119). In compact sterile tufts on rock. West Dawson and Hunker Cr. Grimmia anodon B. & S, (108) Hunker Cr., on dry rock, in fruit, July 25. Splachnum sphaertcum Linn, fil. (138) West Dawson. Amblyodon dealbatus Beauv. (158) Dawson, July 12. - Pohlia albicans (Wahlenb. ) Lindb. (193) Sterile. West Dawson. Pohlia albicans glactale (Schleich.) Limpr. Sterile tufts up to 10 cm. high. Buxbaumia aphylla VL. (245). Only two specimens collected. Growing on earth among other mosses and lichens on ‘‘ The Dome,” near Dawson, at 4,000 ft. elevation. This seems to be the most northern point it has yet been collected in America. | Brachythecium edentatum n. sp. Low and loosely czespitose with lax, spreading leaves. Stems procum- bent, with few, short and irregular branches. Stem leaves 1% mm. long by 3/5 mm. wide, not decurrent, pale, ovate-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, con- cave, scarcely or not plicate, margin entire, flat; costa rather faint, extend- ing a little above the middle, rarely shorter and forked, with sometimes small clusters of radicles on lower side at its base. Branch leaves smaller, entire. Leaf-cells above the base very narrow, the median .004 to .005 mm. wide and .o4 to .o5 mm, long. Alar cells abruptly enlarged. hyaline, often forming distinct, inflated, convex clusters. Perichetial leaves but little longer than stem leaves. gradually acuminate, half costate, very entire. Dioicous. Pedicel smooth, up to 2% cm. high. Capsule when moist about two and one-half times longer than broad, curved, much contracted under the mouth when dry. Annulus narrow. Height of conical lid scarcely equalling its basal diameter. Segments of inner peristome solid, with two or three smooth cilia between. This is one of the smaller species, in size perhaps nearest reflexum. It seems quite distinct from all others in the very entire leaves, with narrow cells above and inflated clusters in the angles. It differs from 4. Beringza- num Card. & Thér, in having the majority of leaf-cells little more than half as wide, in the different alar cells and in the low. creeping stems with lax, spreading leaves (374).. Gold Run Cr., on wet earth, June 6. Plagtothectum denticulatum laetum Aust. (292) Bonanza Cr,, fruit- ing, July 29. é Amblystegtum serpens (Hedw.) B. & S. (282) Bonanza Cr., July 18. Amblystegium ripartum flaccidum (L. & J.) R. & C. Lax, sterile specimens in pool near mouth of Bonanza Cr. Harpidium exannulatum (Guemb.) Br. Eur. (346). Fruiting, in peat bog, July 29. : Hlarpidium Kneiffit (axum Schimp. (348). In brook, Hunker Cr, Har pidium polycarpum Bland. (367). In pools, sterile, Klondike valley. N. Y. Botanical Garden. — Hoe THE-PERISTO/IE V. Ase ROU. In my third article on this topic I called attention to the fact that the peristomes of the Buxbaumiacee are somewhat intermediate between the Arthrodont and Nematodont types. In the Encalyptaceze also there are some interesting transitional stages which, perhaps, will be better under- stood after we consider the method of formation of the Arthrodont-peristome in detail. I have chosen num hornum to illustrate this article because Schimper’s illustrations of this species serves my purpose so well. Fig. 1. Transverse section through the upper part of a nearly ripe mature capsule of Mnzum hornum, This figure shows th& upper portion of the archesporium with several spores; the columella occupies the upper portion inside the peristome; the annulus is shown at the junction of the operculum with the mouth of the capsule; x 120. The basis of the Arthrodont peristome, both double (Dipio- lepideze) and single (Aplolepidez) is a layer of sixteen large cells lying just underneath the oper- culum and shown in cross section in Fig. 3. This layer we will call the peristomial layer for conveni- ence. In Mnitum hornum and nearly all the double peristomed Fic, 1. mosses except the Funariacez the teeth of the outer peristome are formed by the thickening of the outer walls of the cells, and the inner peristome by a much less pronounced thick- ening of the inner walls. The thickening laid down on the outer walls is continued along the horizontal walls which separate each tier of cells, form- the projection (trabeculez) on the inner faces or the teeth, Fig. 5 and Fig. 2, 4, These trabecule and the walls thus thickened form the transverse lines separating the joints or articulations in the teeth of Mnzum, LBryum, Hyp- mum, etc. ‘The layer of cells next outside the peristomial layer is composed of twice as many cells, and the median ziz-zag line of the peristome teeth marks the intersection of vertical radial wall of these cells with the outer wall of the peristomial layer, the alternating walls coming at the boundary line between the teeth and consequently not leaving any traces. (Fig. 3). A reference to Plate I. of this volume of THE BryYoLocisT, Figs. 15 and 17, will be very helpful in understanding this matter. A description of these fig- . Ms SS ee: 4