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PUBLIC DOCUMENT No. 47

State Geological and Natural
History Survey

COMMISSIONERS

ROLLIN S. Woodruff, Governor of Connecticut (Chairman)

Arthur Twining Hadley, President of Yale University

Bradford Paul Raymond, President of Wesleyan University

Flavel Sweeten Luther, President of Trinity College (Secretary)

RUFUS Whittaker Stimson, President of Connecticut Agricultural College

SUPERINTENDENT
William North Rice

Bulletin No. 11

Hartford
Printed for the State Geological and Natural History Survey

14/ (\

THE

BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT

By

ALEXANDER WILLIAM EVANS, Ph.D.,

I. «
Professor of Botany, Yale University

AND

GEORGE ELWOOD NICHOLS, B.A.,

Assistant in Botany, Yale University

HARTFORD

Printed for the State Geological and Naicra) History Survey
1908

PREFACE

The plants treated in the present report are largely
neglected by collectors, partly on account of their small size
and the difficulties encountered in their identification, partly
on account of their slight value from an economic standpoint.
To the student of botany, however, and especially to the
morphologist and taxonomist, they are of exceptional interest.
The morphologist finds among them all gradations between
simple and more complex types of structure, and is thus
enabled to gain some idea of the way in which the higher
plants may have been derived from the lower; while the
taxonomist obtains from them a series of distinct and at-
tractive genera and species, which offer for his solution many
complicated problems in variation and geographical distribu-
tion. In presenting to the botanists of Connecticut some ac-
count of the work which has been done on the Bryophytes
within the state, it is hoped that more interest in this neglected
group of plants may be aroused.

The report includes a general description of the Bryophytes
as a whole and of the six subdivisions or orders into which it
seems advisable to divide them. It also contains keys, more
or less artificial, to aid in the identification of those species
which have been detected in Connecticut. But it makes no
attempt to describe or illustrate the genera and species
represented, and is not intended as a substitute for the works
in which such descriptions and illustrations are to be found.
The student who makes a careful study of our Mosses and
Hepatics will still find it necessary to use books of this charac-
ter in order to confirm the determinations made by the keys,
but the report should make the work of determination more
decisive by indicating which species are to be expected in
our region. The various books, articles, and scattered notes,
which relate directly to Connecticut Bryophytes, are listed in

6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

the bibliography at the close of the report. The following
recent works (not included in the bibliography) may also be
recommended : —

1. Braithwaite, R. The British Moss-Flora. Vol. I, pp. x +
315. 45 plates. Vol. II, pp. 268. Plates 46-84. Vol. Ill, pp. 274.
Plates 85-128. Large 8vo. London, 1887-1905.

2. Howe, M. A. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotes of California.
Mem. Torrey Club, 7: 1-208. PL 88-122. 1899.

3. Warnstorf, C. Kryptogamenflora der Mark Brandenburg.
Band I. Leber- und Torfmoose. pp. xvi + 481. Band II. Laub-
moose. pp. xii + 1160. Fully illustrated by text-figures. Leipzig,
1902- I 906.

4. Dixon, H. N., and Jameson, H. G. The Student's Hand-
book of British Mosses. Second Edition, pp. xlix + 586. 65 plates.
8vo. Eastbourne and London, 1904.

5. Roth, G. Die europaischen Laubmoose. Band I. pp. xiii
+ 598. 52 plates. Band II. pp. xvi + 722- 62 plates. Large 8vo.
Leipzig, 1904-1905.

6. Roth, G. Die europaischen Torfmoose. pp. viii + 80. 11
plates. Large 8vo. Leipzig, 1906.

7. Miiller, C. Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen- Flora von Deutsch-
land, Oesterreich und der Schweiz. 2. Auflage. Band VI. Die
Lebermoose. Incomplete. Six fascicles, comprising 384 pp. and
225 text-figures, have already been published. Leipzig, 1906-1908.

In the study of certain critical families and genera the
writers have received much assistance from Mrs. Elizabeth G.
Britton, of the New York Botanical Garden, Mr. C. Warnstorf,
of Berlin, Germany, and Mr. J. Cardot, of Charleville, France.
Other correspondents, who will be mentioned particularly in
the catalogue of species, have kindly furnished material of
Connecticut Bryophytes for examination, and have thereby
made the report much more complete than it would otherwise
have been. To all of these the writers would express their
sincere thanks.

Botanical Laboratory,

Sheffield Scientific School.

CONTENTS

Page
General Characteristics of the Bryophytes, ... 9

History of Bryology in Connecticut, .... 25

Distribution of the Bryophytes in Connecticut according

to Environment, ...... 30

Economic Value of the Bryophytes, .... 35

Catalogue of Connecticut Bryophytes :

Marchantiales, . . 38

Jungermanniales, . 43

Anthocerotales, . . 75

Sphagnales, . . 76"

Andreaeales, . . 86

Bryales, ... 87

Summary, ........ 177

Bibliography of Connecticut Bryology, .... 179

Index, ......... 185

•Trjrrrc

THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BRYO"

PHYTES

The Bryophytes represent a very clearly defined Class in
the Vegetable Kingdom, occupying a position just below the
Pteridophytes, which include the Ferns and their allies. They
comprise the plants which are properly known as Mosses and
Liverworts. They must not be confused, however, with Algae
and Lichens, both of which are sometimes called mosses,
although simpler and less definite in organization, nor yet
with the more highly developed Club Mosses, which belong
to the Pteridophytes. The group is characterized by a clearly
defined alternation of generations and by complex sexual
organs, both antheridia and archegonia being multicellular, and
showing a differentiation into sterile and fertile cells.

The gametophyte, or sexual individual, is a green plant,
capable of absorption from the outside and therefore able to
lead an independent life. It constitutes the plant-body of the
Moss or Liverwort as ordinarily understood, and is usually
much larger and more conspicuous than the sporophyte, or
asexual individual. It consists of a dorsi-ventral thallus,
usually closely appressed to the substratum, or else of a leafy
shoot, the leaves being always destitute of stalks, and usually
but a single cell thick throughout the greater part of their
extent. Whatever its form the gametophyte exhibits an apical
growth, frequently dying at one end while it advances at the
other. It develops no true root, as do the higher plants, but
clings to the substratum by means of filamentous organs called
rhizoids, which often play no part in the process of absorption.
The antheridia and archegonia are borne on the gametophyte ;
in monoicous species they arise on the same plant ; in dioicous
species, on different plants. The antheridium consists of a
spheroidal or ovoid sac, sometimes stalkless and sometimes

lO CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

borne on a short stalk. The sac is bounded on the outside by
a wall composed of a single layer of sterile cells, and the
whole interior is occupied by a compact mass of fertile cells,
each one of which gives rise to a single male cell, or sperm.
When the antheridium is mature, it absorbs water and bursts
its wall, allowing the sperms to escape and swim away. Each
sperm consists of a slender body, and swims by means of two
long and delicate cilia attached at one end.

The archegonium may also be stalkless or borne on a short
stalk, but is more slender than the antheridium. The single
female cell, or egg, is developed in the swollen basal portion
which is called the venter, and this is tipped with a somewhat
longer cylindrical portion called the neck. Both venter ahd
neck are bounded on the outside by a wall composed of
sterile cells. The egg represents the lowest of a row of cells
enclosed by this wall, the remaining cells, which fill the neck
and a portion of the venter as well, being known as canal cells.
When the mature archegonium absorbs water, the neck opens
at the tip, and the canal cells break down into a mass of
slime, some of which escapes through the opening. In this
way a free canal is formed which leads from the outside into
the venter, and at the base of this canal the egg becomes
rounded off. The sperms, attracted by the protoplasmic slime
exuding from the archegonium, swim toward it, and one of
them makes its way down the canal, uniting with the egg
and thus completing the process of fertilization.

As soon as this has been accomplished, the fertilized egg,
without escaping from the archegonium, begins at once to
develop into the sporophyte, which remains in contact with
the gametophyte during its entire life, without being organ-
ically connected with it. The chief function of the sporophyte
is to develop asexual spores, but some of its cells invariably
remain sterile and perform functions not connected with
reproduction. In the more primitive Bryophytes it is practi-
cally destitute of chlorophyll, and is therefore wholly dependent
upon the gametophyte for food, living as a parasite upon it.
In the higher forms it develops green cells, capable of per-
forming photosynthesis, and probably derives nothing from the
gametophyte except solutions of inorganic substances. In
such cases the parasitism is only partial. The portion of the

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. II

sporophyte which remains in close contact with the gameto-
phyte usually forms a special absorbing organ, or foot. This
organ, however, never acquires the power of absorbing from
the outside, so that the sporophyte is never able to exist as
an entirely independent plant.

The spores are borne within a closed case, or capsule,
which constitutes the so-called fruit in the Bryophytes. The
capsule is bounded on the outside by a sterile wall, and the
space in which the spores are developed is known as the
spore cavity. When the spores are mature, they lie loose
within the cavity, and are set free by the rupturing of the
wall. In the majority of cases the capsule is borne on a
slender cylindrical stalk, which connects it with the foot and
at the same time lifts it above the gametophyte.

When the fertilized tgg begins to divide, the sterile cells
which form the wall of the venter also undergo divisions and
develop into a protective covering for the young sporophyte.
This covering is called the calyptra, and for a considerable
period its growth keeps pace with that of the sporophyte.
Sooner or later, however, it ceases to enlarge and is eventually
ruptured by the swelling capsule. The neck of the fertilized
archegonium plays no part in the development of the calyptra,
but can frequently be detected at its apex in a shriveled condi-
tion. In a few specialized genera a true calyptra is not formed.

Upon germination a spore at first gives rise to an embryonic
structure, or protonema, upon which the characteristic gameto-
phyte afterwards develops. The protonema is sometimes
very short-lived, but in many species persists for a considerable
period. It usually consists of a copiously branched filamentous
structure, but it may be composed of a flat layer of cells or
of a small solid cell mass. In some cases the protonema is
represented by a very few cells arranged in a simple cell row
and is then scarcely distinguishable.

Although very few Bryophytes are truly aquatic, it has
been shown that the presence of water is necessary for the
process of fertilization. It not only enables the antheridia and
archegonia to open, but it also affords a medium in which
the motile sperms can swim. The water is usually supplied
by rain, but, if no rain falls at the proper time, the antheridia
and archegonia gradually shrivel away and sporophytes fail to

12 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

be developed. Any failure to effect fertilization is of course
a menace to the further existence of a species, and the probabil-
ity of failure is especially great in the case of dioicous species,
where the male and female plants are often far apart, neces-
sitating a long journey for the sperms. To a certain extent
the danger is overcome by the development of organs of vege-
tative reproduction, known as gemmcu or propagula. The
simplest of these consist of single cells or of small groups
of cells without definite form. They easily become separated
from the parent plant and develop into new individuals if
supplied with the proper conditions. In many cases the
reproductive bodies are more complex and already show, even
before they fall away, some indication of the thallus or leafy
shoot into which they will develop. Certain species reproduce
largely if not entirely by means of these vegetative bodies.

It is customary to divide the Bryophytes into two sub-
classes, known respectively as the Hepaticae, or Liverworts,
and the Musci, or Mosses. This classification, however, as
Underwood and others have pointed out, does not altogether
represent the facts, and it is more convenient, if not more
natural, to divide the group into the following six orders,
which may be considered as approximately equal in rank : —
I. Marchantiales ; II. Jungermanniales ; III. Anthocero-
TALES ; IV. Sphagnales ; V. Andre^ales ; VI. Bryales. By
adopting this course it becomes much more practicable to
assign definite characters to the various subdivisions. Of
these six orders the first three comprise the HepaticDS and
the last three the Musci, as limited by the majority of botanical
works ; and it is still often convenient to employ the terms in
this general sense.

THE MARCHANTIALES

The present order includes about half of the thalloid Bryo-
phytes known from Connecticut, and most of the species are
large and conspicuous. Two are normally aquatic, floating in
ponds or slow streams ; the others are all terrestrial, and even
the aquatic species tend to become terrestrial through the
drying up of the water in which they live. Except in the
aquatic forms the thallus clings closely to the substratum.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 1 3

sometimes so closely that it cannot be separated without injury.
It develops two types of rhizoids, both of which represent
simple outgrowths from cells. In one type the walls are thin
throughout; in the other they bear scattered local thickenings
in the form of short rods which project into the lumen. The
rhizoids are all short-lived, and those of the first type simply
anchor the plant to the substratum ; those of the second type,
however, by means of capillarity, play a certain part in the
process of absorption. In addition to the rhizoids, the thallus
often bears longitudinal rows of delicate scales on the lower
surface. These are developed very early and arch up over the
growing point, thus protecting it from injury.

The thallus is more or less differentiated, and always shows,
at least in certain stages of development, a distinct epidermis,
beneath which the photosynthetic tissue is situated. The latter
consists of green cells loosely arranged with intercellular spaces
containing air among them. In the higher forms these cells
are in distinct air-chambers, which communicate with the out-
side air by means of pores in the epidermis. In the lower
forms they simply line the intercellular spaces, and the com-
munication with the outside air is often less definite. The
Marchantiales are divided into two families, the Ricciaceas and
the Marchantiacese, which differ from each other most
markedly in the structure of the sporophyte.

The Ricciacese include both aquatic and terrestrial species,
and are usually smaller than the Marchantiacese. The ter-
restrial forms grow in old fields, along damp roadsides, and
on the muddy borders of ponds. The thallus, which rarely
attains a length of fifteen millimeters, forks repeatedly in
one plane, thus giving rise to a characteristic rosette. All the
New England species are annual, developing their sporophytes
in the autumn. The aquatic Ricciacese are larger than the
others, and rarely produce sporophytes, the tips of the thallus
being able to survive the winter. When they become ter-
restrial, they sometimes assume an appearance very different
from their normal aquatic state.

The archegonia in the Ricciacese are so deeply immersed
in the thallus that only their necks protrude above the surface.
In consequence of this fact the sporophytes begin their
development beneath the surface, and they retain this position

14 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

until they are mature. The sporophyte is much simpler than
in any of the other Bryophytes and consists of a spherical
capsule only, which absorbs through its entire surface. The
capsule contains nothing but spores, and these are at first
enclosed by the capsule wall, consisting of a single layer of
cells. As development advances, this wall gradually disap-
pears, and the mature spores lie free within the calyptra. They
are set free by the decay of the surrounding tissues of the
gametophyte, and are dispersed largely through the agency
of water.

The Marchantiacese are all terrestrial, some of them grow-
ing on shaded rocks or in their crevices and others on damp or
wet earth. The thallus is more highly differentiated than
in the Ricciaceae, and in the larger species sometimes reaches
a length of twenty centimeters or more and a width of ten
millimeters. The branching is normally but not invariably by
forking. The New England species are more or less peren-
nial but some of them develop sporophytes during the first
year.

Except in a few genera which do not occur in the eastern
United States, the archegonia are borne on modified branches
or outgrowths of the thallus known as carpocephala. These
consist of two parts, an apical discoid or conical expansion
and a basal cylindrical stalk. Sooner or later the stalk elon-
gates and carries the expansion, to which it is attached in a
peltate manner, high up above the surface of the thallus. As
the sporophytes mature, they extend horizontally from the
margin of the expanded portion or else hang downward from
its lower surface. They are more complex than in the Ric-
ciaceae and not only develop a capsule with a persistent wall but
also a foot and a short stalk, although the line of demarcation
between the two latter organs is not always clearly defined.
The spore cavity contains not only the spores but also a large
number of peculiar bodies known as elaters, each of which
consists of a long and slender cell with a thin cell wall,
strengthened on the inside by one or more spiral bands of
thickening. When the spores become mature, the stalk
elongates slightly, the calyptra is ruptured, and the wall bursts,
either by means of irregular valves extending backward from
the apex, or else by a circular line, which leaves the basal

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 1 5

portion of the capsule wall in the form of a cup. As the
spores and elaters become dry, the latter through their
elasticity stretch out and separate the spores. In this way the
contents of the capsule form a loose cottony mass, which can
be easily carried away by the wind. In certain genera the
gametophyte develops a special protective organ for the
sporophyte outside the calyptra. This is usually in the form
of a hollow tube or sheath open at the tip, and may be called
a pseudoperianth, to distinguish it from a very similar organ
found in many of the leafy Jungermanniales.

THE JUNGERMANNIALES
Both thalloid and leafy forms are here represented. All
are characterized by a slight degree of cell differentiation and
by a lack of intercellular spaces, even among the green cells.
The rhizoids are all essentially alike and agree with the first
type described for the Marchantiales. Their only function is
that of anchorage, and to perform this more efficiently they
frequently become lobed or branched at the extremity. In
many of the genera absorption seems to be carried on by all
the surface cells.

With the exception of a very few primitive types which
are not known from New England, the sporophyte is practically
uniform throughout the entire order. It consists of a distinct
foot, a stalk, and a capsule, and it remains enclosed within
the calyptra until the spores are mature. The stalk consists
of strongly flattened cells arranged in longitudinal rows, and
the capsule, as in the Marchantiaceas, contains both spores and
elaters. When the spores are ready to be disseminated, the
stalk elongates rapidly through the lengthening of its individual
cells and thus forces the capsule through the calyptra. The
latter is thus irregularly ruptured but continues to enclose the
base of the stalk. The capsule now raised on its stalk soon
splits its wall, usually into four valves, the lines of dehiscence
extending from the apex to or toward the base. The spores
are scattered in much the same way as in the Marchantiaceae,
although the elaters sometimes play a more active part in their
dispersal. The Jungermanniales are also divided into two
families, the Metzgeriaceae and the Jungermanniacese, the most

l6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

important differences in this case being in the gametophytes.

In most of the Metzgeriacese the gametophyte is a thallus,
but a few of the genera show a more or less complete differen-
tiation into stem and leaves. The plants are usually composed
of parenchyma throughout, but a few thalloid species develop
a very primitive conducting tissue composed of elongated cells
with lignified walls. The archegonia are borne on the upper
surface of the gametophyte or of a special branch, and do not
directly terminate its growth. In many cases a protective
structure is developed outside the calyptra, and this sometimes
assumes the form of a pseudoperianth as in the Marchantiacese.

The Jungermanniacese are sometimes called Scale Mosses,
the gametophyte being invariably a leafy stem. Most of the
species are prostrate, and the plants show a distinct dorsi-
ventrality, even when ascending or erect. The leaves are
normally alternate and arranged in three ranks, two of which
are turned toward the light and the third toward the sub-
stratum. The leaves of this third rank are called underleaves,
and are usually much smaller than the others and different
from them in form. Sometimes they are so much reduced in
size that they can scarcely be demonstrated, and in a few
genera they are absent altogether. The two ranks of large
leaves usually spread out in such a way that the whole shoot
acquires a strongly flattened appearance, very characteristic
of the family as a whole.

The leaves as a rule exhibit no cell differentiation whatever,
and are invariably destitute of midribs. They show, however,
a great deal of variation in form and in the way in which
they are attached to the stem. They are sometimes undivided,
sometimes variously toothed, lobed, or deeply cleft ; they are
sometimes developed in one plane, sometimes variously folded ;
they are sometimes attached by a continuous line, sometimes
by two lines which meet at an angle. In a few genera the
leaves develop peculiar organs, known as water sacs, in which
water may be temporarily retained. The branches sometimes
show a differentiation into those which bear normal leaves
and those which assume a flagelliform appearance, the leaves
in the latter case being strongly reduced or even absent
altogether. The flagelliform branches frequently perform the

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 1 7

function of holding the plant more firmly in place, and are
confined to certain species and genera.

The archegonia are borne at the apices of stems or of
special branches and stop their further elongation. The leaves
and underleaves which develop in the immediate vicinity of
the archegonia are more or less modified, and are designated
bracts and bracteoles respectively. Taken together they con-
stitute the involucre. This often surrounds the developing
sporophyte and helps protect it. In the majority of the genera,
however, the gametophyte develops a special protecting organ.
This usually consists of a hollow tube, open at the top and
enclosed by the involucre ; and, since this tube is theoretically
formed by the coalescence of modified leaves, it is called a
perianth, although it is not homologous with the perianth in
flowering plants. In a few cases the fertile branch takes on a
peculiar growth as the result of fertilization, and forms a
hollow cup around the sporophyte. This is known as a
perigyniiim, and may be either pendent or erect. In the latter
case the uppermost bracts and bracteoles are often carried up
on the outside. In very rare instances the young sporophyte
penetrates the tip of the fertile branch, which serves directly
as a protecting organ without undergoing marked modifica-
tions. Under these circumstances the calyptra itself often
fails to develop.

The Jungermanniales are about nine times as numerous in
Connecticut as the Marchantiales. Less than one seventh of
the recorded species are Metzgeriacese, the others being all
Jungermanniacese. A few are more or less aquatic, either
floating on the surface of the water or attached to submerged
rocks or stones. A few others are to be found in bogs or
swamps. The remainder grow on rocks, on banks, on earth,
or on the trunks of trees, usually in damp and shaded localities.
They vary greatly in size, a few being hardly perceptible to
the naked eye, while others attain a length of ten centimeters
or more. The sporophytes, with few exceptions, reach
maturity in the spring.

l8 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

THE ANTHOCEROTALES

The Anthocerotales are sometimes called Hornworts or
Horned Liverworts, and embrace the single family Anthocero-
taceae. This includes only three recognized genera, two of
which are represented in Connecticut. In spite of its small
size, the order is of especial interest to the student of plant
morphology and evolution, because it probably represents, more
closely than any of the other existing Bryophytes, the ancestors
of the Pteridophytes. The northern species are all annuals,
and make their appearance in May or June in wet pastures,
along roadsides, or on wet rocks. Each gametophyte has
several sporophytes growing from it ; they begin to develop
late in the summer, and continue in many cases until the
plants are killed by the frost.

The gametophyte is a thallus, sometimes bearing irregular
and crispate outgrowths on the upper surface or along the
margin, but never definitely divided into stem and leaves. The
thallus branches by forking, but the forks are so close together
that it soon assumes the form of a fleshy circular disc with
many growing points scattered along the margin. It ap-
parently absorbs throughout its entire surface, and is attached
to the soil by means of thin-walled rhizoids, similar to those
of the first type in the Marchantiales. The thallus shows but
a slight degree of cell differentiation, but some of the species
develop minute intercellular spaces, which, however, may con-
tain slime as well as air. The green cells are characterized by
the presence of a single large chloroplast in each. This is
in the form of a plate with thin and irregular margins, lying
close to the cell wall. Cells of this type are found nowhere
else among the Bryophytes, and probably represent a primitive
characteristic, indicative perhaps of a distant relationship with
the green Algae. In all the other orders each green cell con-
tains a number of small, disc-like chloroplasts, and agrees in
structure with the green cells of the higher plants. Taking
it as a whole, the gametophyte in the Anthocerotales is even
more primitive than in either the Ricciacea or Metzgeriacese.
Even the archegonia, although showing essentially the same
structure as in the other Bryophytes, are imbedded in the

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I9

thallus so that only the tip of the neck protrudes. For this
reason no true calyptra is developed, the function of this organ
being assumed by a tubular outgrowth of the gametophyte,
which encloses the base of the sporophyte.

Although the gametophyte in the present order is so
simple, the sporophyte shows a high degree of complexity
when compared with the preceding groups. It consists of two
principal parts, a spherical or flattened foot, and a long and
slender capsule, tapering somewhat toward the apex. No true
stalk is formed, the base of the capsule passing imperceptibly
into an undifferentiated region composed of embryonic cells.
These continue to give rise to new cells, which gradually
become differentiated into the permanent tissues of the capsule.
The presence of these embryonic cells enables the sporophyte
to grow indefinitely, a power which no other sporophytes pos-
sess until the Pteridophytes are reached. On account of the
basal position of the growing region, the apex of the capsule
is the first part to mature, and all stages of development are to
be observed in passing from the apex toward the base. The
cross section is approximately circular, but sometimes two
longitudinal grooves are formed, showing where the wall will
eventually split. The latter is relatively much thicker than
in the preceding orders, the spore cavity being distinctly
smaller. In the higher forms the wall is bounded on the out-
side by a distinct epidermis, with stomata, and this encloses
several layers of green cells separated by minute air spaces.
The wall therefore represents a photosynthetic tissue, compar-
able to the mesophyll in the higher plants. In the lower
forms the wall is less highly differentiated and no stomata are
developed. The center of the capsule is occupied by a slender
but more or less clearly defined columella composed of sterile
cells, and the spore cavity is in the form of a hollow cylinder
between the columella and the capsule wall. The cavity is
continuous over the tip of the columella at the apex of the
capsule. It contains both spores and elaters ; but the latter
are irregularly and poorly developed in northern species, and
do not develop local thickenings in their walls. When the
apex of the capsule is mature, the wall splits into two valves,
the splits gradually extending downward as the development

20 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

proceeds. The valves, as they separate, soon become dry and
black, and the columella appears like a fine hair projecting
from the open capsule. The gametophyte covered over with
sporophytes often presents the appearance of a tuft of fine
grass.

The structure of the sporophyte in the Anthocerotales is so
peculiar that Howe separated the order from the Hepaticae
and made of it a distinct subclass, to which he gave the name
Anthocerotes. He therefore divided the Bryophytes into three
subclasses ; Hepaticae, Anthocerotes, and Musci. In this
procedure he is followed, provisionally at least, by Campbell,
but European writers continue to use the term Hepaticae in
the old sense.

THE SPHAGNALES

The Sphagnales or Peat Mosses comprise the single genus
Sphagnum. They are well represented in Connecticut, and
include some of our largest and most conspicuous Bryophytes.
The peat mosses are occasionally found on wet rocks or banks,
but are most at home in bogs, where they sometimes grow sub-
merged but more frequently rise above the ♦surface of the
water. In favorable localities they form dense and extensive
colonies. Under these circumstances the stems are upright and
afford one another mutual support. No rhizoids are developed
except when the plants are very young. The branching is
always monopodial, the ♦branches arising in fascicles of from
three to eight. The fascicles are numerous, and the branches
appear densely crowded at the tips of the plants because the
elongation of the stem is at first very slow. In older parts
the fascicles become more separated. The branches are of
three types : — spreading branches, which remain simple and
are limited in growth ; pendent branches, which also remain
simple and limited in growth, but which grow downward close
to the stem and form a sort of loose covering around it ; erect
branches, which are unlimited in growth and give rise to
spreading and pendent branches of their own. These erect
branches are only occasionally produced, and, since they repeat
the stem in all respects, apparently arise by forking.

The leaves are arranged in five longitudinal rows, although

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 21

this fact is sometimes difficult to demonstrate. They are desti-
tute of midribs, but show a remarkable differentiation into two
kinds of cells : — green cells, which remain alive for a long
time ; and colorless cells, which soon lose their living contents
and become empty. In the leaves of the spreading branches
the green cells are united in such a way that they form a
loose network, each mesh of which is filled with a single
large colorless cell. The latter is characterized by a thin wall,
usually with band-like thickenings on the inside which keep
it from collapsing, and by holes or pores which place its
cavity in direct communication with the outside. The stems
and branches are usually covered over on the outside by a
cortex composed of similar colorless cells ; within this is a
distinct zone of sclerenchyma enclosing a central pith. The
tufted habit of the peat mosses, their upright stems covered
with pendent branches, and their porous hyaline cells, account
for the ease with which they suck up and retain water. The
process is largely due to capillarity.

The archegonia are borne at the tips of branches, and
limit their growth just as in the Jungermanniacese. The
sporophyte consists of a spherical capsule and a broad foot
with a deep constriction between them. No true stalk is
developed. The calyptra persists until the spores are mature,
and is then irregularly ruptured by the dehiscence of the
capsule. The latter while still immature contains a large
columella in the form of a hemisphere. This is covered over
at the apex by the small spore cavity in much the same way
as in the Anthocerotales, but the cavity contains spores only.
The wall of the capsule is several cells thick, the outer layer
forming a distinct epidermis. Some of the inner cells contain
chloroplasts, but there are no intercellular spaces among them,
and the epidermis develops no effective stomata, so that the
wall can hardly serve as a very useful photosynthetic tissue.
When the spores are mature, the upper part of the archegonial
branch elongates rapidly, thus simulating a stalk, and the
capsule opens by means of a circular split in the wall, which
cuts off a cap-like lid. As the drying of the capsule proceeds,
the pressure in the interior increases, until a sudden liberation
takes place which shoots out the spores together with the

22 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

lid to a distance of ten centimeters or more. The ripening
and scattering of the spores occurs in the summer months.

THE ANDRE^ALES

The present order contains the single genus Andreaea,
separated from the Bryales on account of the peculiar structure
of the capsule. The species are all small, and grow in tufts on
siliceous rocks, usually in mountainous regions. The gameto-
phyte consists of an upright and sparingly branched stem bear-
ing crowded leaves in the three-eighths arrangement. Except
for the midrib, which occurs in certain species only, the leaves
show no cell differentiation.

The sporophyte bears a certain resemblance to that of
Sphagnum. It consists of an oval capsule and a well-developed
foot, but no true stalk is formed. The calyptra is very delicate
and is ruptured long before the spores are mature ; sometimes
it is carried up on the tip of the capsule, sometimes it remains
at the base and the capsule protrudes through it, very much as
in the Jungermanniaceae. The capsule contains a definite
columella, arched over by the spore cavity in the form of a
hollow cylinder, and is bounded on the outside by a wall
several cells thick. The wall has a distinct epidermis without
stomata, and is probably not very efficient as a photosynthetic
tissue, although some of its cells contain chloroplasts. When
the spores are mature, the tip of the archegonial branch elon-
gates rapidly, assuming the function of a stalk, and the wall
of the capsule splits along four longitudinal lines. These do
not extend, however, to the apex, but they are sufficient to
expose the spores and to allow them to be scattered by the
wind. Tlie capsule usually reaches maturity in the spring or
early summer.

THE BRYALES

The Bryales, or True Mosses, constitute the largest order
of the Bryophytes, and include about two thirds of the Con-
necticut species. The gametophyte varies greatly in size, being
sonu'times only one millimeter long and sometimes attaining
a length of ten centimeters or more. It always consists of a
leafy shoot, the leaves being usually arranged in more than

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 23

three longitudinal rows. The leaves vary in form from linear
to orbicular, and, although they are sometimes toothed or
even ciliate on the margins, they are never deeply lobed or
divided as in some of the Jungermanniaceae. Except for the
midrib, which may or may not be present, the leaves very
rarely . show any differentiation in their cells. In prostrate
species the plants sometimes acquire a dorsi-ventral appearance,
and a slight differentiation in the leaves is occasionally to be
observed. These peculiarities, however, are never so clearly
marked as in the Jungermanniaceae, and there is little danger
of confusing the True Mosses with the Scale Mosses. The
branching in the Bryales is always of the monopodial type, and
is often distinctly pinnate. In the lower forms the stem
presents a simple and uniform structure, but in some of the
higher genera it shows a distinct cell differentiation into
storage, strengthening, and conducting tissues, and the same
is sometimes true of the midribs of the leaves.

In the majority of cases the sporophyte shows a distinct
foot, a firm stalk, which early becomes elongated, and a highly
complex capsule. The calyptra at first keeps pace with the
lengthening sporophyte but soon stops growing and becomes
ruptured. In nearly every case the line of rupture is near the
base, and the calyptra is carried up on the tip of the sporophyte.
As the capsule gradually enlarges, the calyptra, which is now
cut off from its source of food-supply, dries up and splits in
one or more places, so that it frequently falls away long before
the spores are mature. The spore cavity occupies a relatively
small space in an immature capsule, and is in the form of a
hollow cylinder open at both ends, differing in this respect
from all the preceding Bryophytes. It encloses a massive
columella, and is bounded by a thick wall, which, in most
species, represents an efficient photosynthetic tissue. The
outer cell layer of the wall forms an epidermis with stomata,
the latter being usually restricted to the base of the capsule.
The green cells are usually arranged in two more or less
definite layers, one surrounding the spore cavity and the other
lining the epidermis. These two layers are separated by a
large air space in the form of a hollow cylinder. Stretching
across the air space from one green layer to the other are

24 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

rows of green cells, which play a part in holding the central
portion of the capsule in place. Of course the stomata aflford
a communication between the air space and the outside air.

As the spores mature, the photosynthetic tissue breaks
down, the columella shrivels, and the spores eventually lie
loose in an enlarged cavity, bounded by little more than the
epidermal layer of the capsule wall. In a few of the simpler
genera the capsule bursts irregularly at maturity. In the
majority of cases, however, it splits by a circular line in the
upper part, which cuts off an apical portion, or Hd, from the
capsule proper. Sometimes the region of splitting is marked
by a row of modified epidermal cells, called an annulus, but
this is not always developed. The walls of the annular cells
have the power of absorbing water readily and swelling, thus
forcing the lid to separate. After the lid has fallen away,
the mouth of the capsule usually appears fringed with a circle
of pointed teeth called a peristome, and in many genera two
peristomes are developed, an inner and an outer. The inner
peristome is always more delicate than the outer, and its
divisions, when present, are called segments, instead of teeth.
The segments are sometimes separated from one another by
one or more delicate hair-like structures known as cilia. The
peristome plays a peculiar part in the scattering of the spores ;
in moist weather the teeth come together and close the mouth
of the capsule ; in dry weather they separate and allow the
wind to scatter the spores. Although the description just
given will apply to the majority of cases, the structure of
the capsule may be much simpler or even more complex than
indicated. Taking the Bryales as a whole, the sporophyte
shows the highest type of development to be found in the
Bryophytes. It does not, however, show unlimited growth,
the entire capsule maturing at the same time, and in this
respect it is surpassed by the Anthocerotales.

The Bryales are divided by Brotherus into more than forty
families, about half of which are represented in Connecticut.
These are based on the general habit and structure of the
gamctophyte and on the peculiarities of the capsule, many of
the most important characters being derived from the
peristome. The species flourish best in moist and shaded

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT, 25

localities, and are often found in company with the Jungerman-
niales. Quite a number of them, however, are able to live in
much drier localities, such as exposed rocks and sandy fields.
Of the Connecticut species a few are annual but the majority
are perennial. Most of them mature their spores in the fall
or early winter, and the others in the spring or early summer.
During the hot days of July, August, and September, many of
the mosses become completely dried up, and their vegetative
activities are interrupted. Even under favorable conditions
for growth it is very unusual to find perfect capsules at this
season of the year.

HISTORY OF BRYOLOGY IN CONNECTICUT

The first systematic collections of Bryophytes in Con-
necticut were made by Daniel C. Eaton, Professor of Botany in
Yale University from 1864 until 1895, the year of his death.
Professor Eaton was a member of the class of 1857, Yale
College, and began his bryological studies while still an under-
graduate. From the very outset he enjoyed the privilege of
corresponding with W. S. Sullivant, of Columbus, Ohio, at
that time the leading authority on North American Mosses
and Hepatics, and this correspondence was continued until
Sullivant's death in 1864. During this period many doubtful
Connecticut specimens were sent for comment or determina-
tion, among them being a sterile Fontinalis collected near New
Haven. This specimen is apparently the first Connecticut
Bryophyte which is definitely mentioned in the literature. It
was first referred to F. hiformis Sulliv., and is listed under
this name in the " Musci and Hepaticse of the United States,"
originally written by Sullivant for the second edition of Gray's
" Manual of Botany," published in 1856, but reprinted the
same year as a separate work under the above title. F. hiformis
was based on Ohio specimens, and according to our present
knowledge is restricted to the region of the Great Lakes. It
was soon discovered therefore that the Connecticut material
had been incorrectly determined. • Sullivant hastened to call
attention to this fact in the " Additions and Corrections " to
his " Musci and Hepaticse," which appear in the separate

26 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

edition, but are not included in the " Manual." The Con-
necticut Fontinalis is here transferred to F. Nov<2 Anglicz
Sulliv., a species proposed as new and based on material from
several stations in southern New England. Eight years after-
ward, in his " Icones Muscorum," Sullivant accredited to Con-
necticut a second species of Moss, Grimmia Olneyi Sulliv.,
originally described from Rhode Island material.

About the time of Sullivant's death, Professor Eaton began
a correspondence with the late C. F. Austin, of Closter, New
Jersey, who published many short papers on Bryophytes be-
tween 1863 and 1880. Austin was even more interested in
the Hepaticae than in the Mosses, and much of our present
knowledge of this group of plants is based on his studies.
In 1873 he issued his " Hepaticae Boreali-Americanse," the first
set of exsiccatae devoted exclusively to North American
Hepatics. For this publication Professor Eaton supplied a
portion of the material distributed under No. 115, as Aneura
pinnatiRda Nees, now known as Riccardia sinuata (Dicks.)
Trevis., and this is apparently the first published reference to
a Connecticut Hepatic, the specimens being recorded from
near New Haven.

With the exception of these scattered notes nothing of im--
portance seems to have been published on Connecticut Bryo-
phytes until 1878, although a large collection was gradually
being accumulated. In this year the Berzelius Society of the
Sheffield Scientific School printed " A Catalogue of the Flow-
ering Plants and Higher Cryptogams growing without cultiva-
tion within thirty miles of Yale College." This catalogue in-
cludes not only the Acrogens, or Pteridophytes, but also the
Anogens, or Bryophytes, differing in this respect from the
majority of local lists. The account of the Anogens, in which
170 Mosses and 54 Hepatics are enumerated, was prepared by
Professor Eaton, and forms one of his most important contri-
butions to the literature of bryology. The common and widely
distributed species are listed by name only, but definite stations
are given for the rarer species, and frequently the names of the
collectors also are mentioned. Although Professor Eaton's
own name appears but rarely, it is evident from his herbarium
that he had found most of the species listed. Mr. J. A. Allen

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT, 2/

is quoted for a number of the most interesting species, and
Professor O. D. Allen, Mr. A. Barron, Mr. E. E. Brewster,
Mr. W. T. Browne, Mr. N. Coleman, Dr. F. W. Hall, Dr.
G. R. Kleeberger, Mr. F. N. Pease, Mr. R. Veitch, and Mr.
A. H. Young are also mentioned as collectors. The Berzelius
List has of course served as a basis for subsequent work on
Connecticut Bryophytes, but no publication on the entire
group, dealing with either the whole or a part of the state,
has since appeared.

During the last thirty years, however, the Mosses and
Hepatics have by no means been neglected, and many ad-
ditional species have been detected within the state. Several of
these were found by Professor Eaton himself, who continued
his active interest in bryology throughout his life. Others
were collected by Mr. J. A. Allen, including a number of rare
and minute species which have not been rediscovered by later
observers. Still others were found by more recent students
of Professor Eaton, Mr, E, B. Harger, Professor W. A.
Setchell, and Dr. C. B. Graves being among the number.
During the last decade some of the most interesting additions
have been made by Mrs. Josephine D. Lowe and Miss Annie
Lorenz, and the authors of the present catalogue have also
had a share in swelling the list of Connecticut Bryophytes.

In spite of this active collecting very little has been pub-
lished on the true Mosses (Bryales) of Connecticut since the
Berzelius List. A search through the scattered literature has
brought to light less than a dozen species which are actually
additions. Among the more important of these are the follow-
ing : — TJmidium Alleni Aust,, described from sterile speci-
mens collected by Mr, J. A. Allen in Beaver Meadows, near
New Haven; the rare Claopodium pellucinerve (Mitt.) Best,
collected by Mrs. Lowe at Noroton in the town of Darien, and
reported upon by Miss Harriet Wheeler; and Anacamptodon
splachnoides Brid,, first recorded by Mrs. Lowe from Burn-
side, in the town of East Hartford. As the present report
shows, the number of known species is now 245. This does
not include the two species of Andresea discovered by Mr. J.
A. Allen, which of course belong to a different natural order
(Andreseales). For the " Musci Americse Septentrionalis

28 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Exsiccati," issued by Renauld and Cardot during the last
fifteen years, Professor Eaton supplied a number of species
from Connecticut, and these will be especially indicated in
the list which follows.

The Peat Mosses (Sphagnales) and the Hepaticae have
received rather more attention than the True Mosses, and the
majority of the additions which have been made in these two
groups have already been recorded. In the Berzelius List only
three species of Sphagnum are included. About 1890, how-
ever, Professor Eaton and the senior writer began to collect
these interesting plants systematically, and to submit specimens
to Dr. C. Warnstorf, then of Neuruppin, Germany, for deter-
mination. In this way the number of known species was
markedly increased. In 1892 Warnstorf described as new,
under the name 5". dasyphylliim, a species from East Haven,
which is still known from this locality only. In 1893 Professor
Eaton published his " Check-List of North American
Sphagna," indicating the geographical distribution of each
species, so far as known at that time. Although Connecticut
is included in several of the wider ranges, only five species are
definitely recorded from the state, all of these being additions
to the Berzelius Catalogue. The check-list was prepared for
the convenience and guidance of Professor Eaton and Mr.
Edwin Faxon, of Maiden, Massachusetts, who were collecting
sets of North American species for distribution. These sets
were issued in 1896 by Dr. George F. Eaton, under the title
" Sphagna Boreali-Americana Exsiccata," and constitute the
only published exsiccatas devoted exclusively to North
American P'eat Mosses. They include twenty-nine numbers
from Connecticut, representing fourteen species. Three
species from the state had already been distributed by Warn-
storf, in the fourth series of his " Europaeische Torfmoose."
In 1906 Andrews listed nineteen species of Sphagnum from
Connecticut, and twelve additional species have been recently
determined by Warnstorf from Connecticut specimens, so that
thirty-one species in all are now known.

Since the publication of the Berzelius List the number of
known species of Hepaticae within the state has been almost
doubled. The seven following species, occurring in Con-

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 2g

necticut, have been described as new : Calypogeia tenuis
(Aust.) Evans, DiplophyUeia apiciilata Evans, Frullania Brit-
tonicc Evans, Jiingennaiuiia Novcr-Cccsarece Evans, Lepidozia
sphagnicola Evans, L. sylvatica Evans, and Plagiochila Sul-
livantii Gottsche. Unfortunately two of these have since been
reduced to synonymy, Jungermannia Novcc-Casarece being now
considered a form of Lophosia marchica (Nees) Steph., and
Lepidosia sphagnicola being included under L. setacea (Web.)
Mitt. Many other additions to the hepatic flora of the state
have been recorded in a series of " Notes on New England
Hepaticse," and in a " Preliminary List," both published by
the senior writer in Rhodora. It should be noted, however,
that the earliest references to Riccia arvensis Aust. and Mylia
anomala (Hook.) S. F. Gray are to be found in the writings
of Professor L. M. Underwood, and that Dr. M. A. Howe was
the first to report Porella rivularis (Nees) Trevis. and
Anthoceros punctatiis L. Fifteen species of Connecticut
Hepaticse and Anthocerotes have been distributed in Under-
wood and Cook's " Hepaticse Americanse," all of which are
indicated below. Several other species are included in the first
two decades of the " American Hepaticas," recently issued
by Miss Caroline C. Haynes.

The bryophytic flora of Connecticut is perhaps as well
known as that of any equal area in North America, but the
region has not yet been so intensively studied as certain parts
of Europe. This is due partly to the fact that here, as in other
groups, common species have been largely neglected by col-
lectors, and are therefore less fully represented in our herbaria
than some of the rarer and more local species. The attempt
has been made of late to collect even the commonest species
more systematically, but much still remains to be done, and
many parts of the state still remain to be explored before our
knowledge can be considered at all complete. This is especially
true of the towns in the eastern and northeastern counties.

30 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

DISTRIBUTION OF THE BRYOPHYTES IN CON-
NECTICUT ACCORDING TO ENVIRONMENT

Even to the casual observer it is evident that the character
of the vegetation which clothes the surface of the earth varies
greatly under different conditions. There is a marked con-
trast, for example, between the impenetrable tangle of a
tropical jungle w'ith its wide diversity of species, and the
northern spruce forests which are relatively open and are made
up of comparatively few species. The vegetation at the sum-
mit of Mount Washington is scant and limited to shrubby
and herbaceous plants, while the valleys but a few thousand
feet below are heavily wooded. Ordinary land plants differ
strikingly in appearance from seaweeds and other submerged
aquatics.

These are perhaps extreme illustrations, but innumerable
examples of i this adaptation to environments which are less
diverse may be seen everywhere. The vegetation in an open
field presents a decided contrast to that of a pine grove but
a few hundred yards distant, while the flora in a bog is totally
different from that in a meadow.

It may be stated as a general rule that every plant is best
adapted to a peculiar environment, and that for every species
there are certain more or less well defined limits outside of
which it cannot exist. What is true of the higher plants applies
even more forcibly to the Mosses and Hepatics, for, as Les-
quereux remarks, " these humble and apparently useless beings
have their geological and lithological preferences far better
marked than any other kind of vegetable."*

The factors which produce this environment and determine
these limits are numerous, but the following are the most
important :

I.

Latitude.

II.

Altitude.

III.

Character of the substratum.

IV.

Intensity of the light.

V.

Water supply.

•Quoted by Mohr: Plant Life of Alabama. Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb., 6: 292. 1901.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 3I

In treating an area such as the continent of North America,
where all gradations from an arctic to a tropical climate are
encountered, the first of these factors bears an important
relationship to the character of the vegetation. Many Bryo-
phytes are exclusively northern in their range, while others
are restricted to tropical regions. A comparatively small
number are found from the arctic regions to the equator. In
considering the Mosses and Hepatics of Connecticut, however,
latitude is of relatively little importance.

In the same way the second factor may be disregarded,
since nowhere in the state are the differences in altitude suf-
ficient to produce any appreciable climatic effect.

To a certain extent the nature of the substratum determines
the character of the bryophytic flora, and various societies
might be defined from this point of view, as, for example, the
following : — species growing on rocks ; species growing on
soil ; species growing on living trees ; species growing on dead
trees, rotten wood, etc. Yet the boundaries between such
societies are often vague, since many species flourish equally
well on a variety of substrata.

Except in the northwestern part of Connecticut, it is prob-
able that the actual chemical composition of the rocks and soil
has very little direct effect upon the character of the vegeta-
tion. Indirectly, however, the structure of the underlying
rocks is an important factor, as may be seen by considering
the geography of the state.

" The state of Connecticut is naturally divided into three
areas, the Eastern Highland, the Western Highland, and the
Central Lowland. The Central Lowland may be further
divided into a central range of hills and an eastern and a
western valley."* The sedimentaries in the valleys with the
overlying drift tend to produce a more or less level surface,
which is interrupted only by a few ravines and by occasional
bogs. For the most part this area is under cultivation, but,
although favorable for agriculture, it does not present condi-
tions conducive to an extensive bryophytic flora. In marked
contrast to this uniform area are the trap ridges which rise

•Rice and Gregory: Manual of the Geology of Connecticut. Conn. Geol. &
Nat. Hist. Surv., Bull. 6, p. 17. 1906.

32 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

abruptly to a height of several hundred feet above the sur-
rounding plain. Geologically, these ridges are a part of the
Central Lowland. From an ecological standpoint, however,
they conform with the Highlands. The Eastern and Western
Highlands are made up for the most part of a complex series
of crystalline rocks — gneisses, schists, and granites. The
forces of erosion, acting on these, have produced an uneven
and rugged topography. Like the trap ridges, this region is
well wooded, and, while on the whole unsuitable for agriculture,
it exhibits a diversity of conditions, and is characterized by a
rich bryophytic flora.

From a bryological standpoint, the most interesting isolated
formation in the state is the Stockbridge limestone, which
covers the greater part of the towns of Salisbury and Canaan,
extending southward through the Housatonic Valley more or
less continuously to Ridgefield. A few species grow in this
region which have been collected nowhere else in the state,
viz.:

Lophosia Muelleri Amhlystegiella confervoides

Barbula fallax Amblystegium noterophilum

Thuidium abietinum Cratoneuron filicinum

Other species occur here which, although characteristic of
limestone regions, are found in other localities growing on
serpentine or other rocks, e. g. :

Preissia quadrat a Scolania glaucescens

Frullania riparia Hymenostylium curvirostre

Fissidens cristatus Myurella gracilis

Chrysohypnum stellatum

The distribution of the Bryophytes is somewhat restricted
and frequently the habit of the individual plant greatly modified
by differences of Hght and shade. In a general way two
rather broadly defined classes may be recognized : light-loving,
and shade-loving Bryophytes. In the first of these classes
may be placed such species as —

Riccia arvensis Tortula papulosa

Frullania eboracensis Bryum argenteum
Anthoceros levis Thelia Lescurii

No. II.] THE BRYOPHVTES OF CONNECTICUT. 33

In the latter and by far the larger group should be placed
such species as —

Metzgeria conjitgata Lencohryuui glancnm

Plagiochila asplenioides Stereodon curvifolius
Bazsania trilobata Thamnium alleghaniense

Yet, however much the preceding factors affect the distribu-
tion of the Mosses and Hepatics, the problem is eventually
reduced to another factor, viz., the amount, nature and cout
tinuity of the water supply. Many species grow only on dry,
exposed rocks, while to others the presence of free surface-
water is essential. Some of the latter grow only in standing
or slowly moving water, others are always found in rapidly
flowing streams. But the majority of the Bryophytes thrive
in an environment where they are not subjected to prolonged
periods of drought or inundation.

Taking the requirements with regard to water as a basis,
Warming* recognizes four groups of plants :

I. Xerophytes : plants which grow on rocks, or on soil
which contains, at least during the greater part of the year, a
very small amount of water.

II. Mesophytes: plants adapted to soil containing a
moderate amount of water.

III. Hydrophytes : plants which are completely or partly
submerged, or which grow in very wet soil.

IV. Halophytes: plants which are adapted to a saline
soil.

Considerable attention has been given to the ecological
relationships of the higher plants, and several authors have
attempted to classify the Bryophytes with respect to their
habitats. Warnstorff, however, was the first to adapt
Warming's classification to the group.

Among the Bryophytes there are no true halophytes. Fol-
lowing Warming's classification the other three groups are

* Warming: Lehrbuch der okologischen PflaEzengeographie. Second German
edition, 1902, pp. 121, 122.

t Warnstorf: Kryptogamenflora der Mark Brandenburg, i: 20-23, 1903.

34 CONNECTICUT GEX)L. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

well defined, and of these groups the species given below may
be considered typical members : —

XEROI'HYTES.

I. Plants growing on exposed rocks with little or no earth
covering — trap ledges, stone walls, bowlders, etc.

Frullania Asagrayana Grimmia Olneyi

Andrecea Rothii Ulota Hutchinsice

Hedwigia albicans

2 Plants growing on living trees in the open or in the
woods.

Frullania eboracensis Drummondia clavellata

Orthotrichum ohioense Leucodon julaceus

Thelia hirtclla

3. Plants growing on earth, or on rocks with a thin earth
covering in fields and along roadsides or in dry woods.
Nardia crennlata Pogonatum tenue

Diplophylleia apicnlata Thelia Lcscurii

Physcomitrium turbinatum Rhynchoste gium serrulatum

Mesophytes — for the most part shade-loving plants, but
frequently found in the open on the borders of brooks,
in meadows, etc.

1. Plants growing on the surface or in the crevices of
cliffs and steep rocks.

Rcboulia hemisphcerica Rhabdozveisia denticidata

Leucolcjcunca clypcata Didymodon rubellus

Hymcnostylium cun'irostre

2. Plants growing on soil or humus, on flat earth-covered
rocks, on the roots and at the base of trees,"or on decaying
logs and stumps in wet woods,

Lophocolea heterophylla Poly trie hum ohioense
Ptilidium pulchcrrimum Ptilinm Crista-Castrensis
Timmia cucullata Climacimn americanwn

no. ii.] the bryophytes of connecticut. 35

Hydrophytes.

1. Plants growing in more or less wooded swamps.

a. On the ground.

Trichocolca tomcntella Brachythecium Nova-Anglice
Elodium pahidosiim Calliergon cordifolium

b. On sticks and bushes.

Dichelyma capillaceum

2. Plants growing on wet or dripping rocks in streams
and ravines.

Riccardia sinuata Eurynchium rusciforme

Juhiila pennsylvanica Amblystegmm Lescurii

Thamnium alleghaniense

3. Plants growing in open bogs, especially peat bogs, and
usually forming compact masses of vegetation.

Lepidosia setacca Sphagnum (most species)

Scapania irrigua Acrocladium cuspidatum

Drepanocladus aduncus

4. Plants submerged or floating in the water.
'Ricciella Huitans Sphagnum obcsum

Ricciocarpus nutans Octodiceras Julianum

Porella pinnata Fontinalis Lescurii

ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE BRYOPHYTES

Although the majority of the Bryophytes are of small size
when compared with the seed-bearing plants, they often form
dense and extensive colonies and thus constitute a conspicuous
feature of the landscape. This is especially true in mountain-
ous and northern regions, where woody plants are stunted in
growth and occur more sparingly than under more favorable
climatic conditions. Even in Connecticut, however, where the
higher plants exhibit a vigorous development, the Sphagnales
and certain of the other Bryophytes are often abundant enough
to attract the attention of the ordinary observer.

On account of the tufted habit of so many species and the
power which they possess of absorbing and retaining water,

36 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

they exercise a marked influence on both agriculture and
forestry. Their importance from this point of view, which is
only beginning to be appreciated, has been clearly demonstrated
by Georg Roth.* According to this author, the mosses tend
to diminish floods and to reduce the gullying of the soil, at
the same time preserving its porosity. They are also of value
in adding to the richness of the soil through their decay and
in assisting in the disintegration of rocks. The Sphagnales,
through their peculiar place and habit of growth, are active
in converting lakes and ponds into bogs, which afford a foot-
hold for higher plants and eventually yield a serviceable soil.
From a commercial standpoint the Sphagnales are by far
the most important of the Bryophytes. In countries where
they are abundant they yield the best quality of peat. This
is produced by the death of the older portions of the Peat
Mosses, the living stems continuing their upward growth
indefinitely. As the dead layer becomes thicker, it becomes
more and. more compressed, and finally forms a firm and com-
pact mass at the bottom of the bog. This mass is cut into
bricks, which are dried and constitute the peat of commerce.
Of course the chief use of peat as a fuel is for domestic
purposes. In certain localities, however, it is charred and then
used in steel and copper mills, where its purity from foreign
substances and its power to produce an intense heat make it
especially effective.

• The Peat Mosses are also useful as a packing substance.
In a dry form they are sometimes employed as a filling for
pillows and mattresses, especially those used by invalids. They
may also be wrapped around steam pipes or pacl^ed in the
walls of houses, where they act as a non-conducting sub-
stance. In a moist form they are being more and more used
by gardeners and florists as a packing material for vegetables
and other cultivated plants. Owing to their great power of
absorption. Peat Mosses are sometimes substituted for straw
in stables, and they have also been employed to a limited extent
in surgical dressings. The same peculiarity makes it possible
to use them for lamp-wicks in the far north.

♦Die europiiischen Laubmoose. 1:62-77. Leipzig, 1905.

No. II.J THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 2)7

A few of the Bryales constitute a secondary source of peat,
and others are used as a packing material but to much less
extent than the Peat Mosses. Some of the large species,
when dried without pressure and dyed, form a component part
of decorative wreaths and cords, which are made use of more
especially by milliners. The "stiff and wiry stems of Poly-
triclmm commune have also been employed instead of bristles
in the manufacture of brushes. Among the Marchantiales the
only species which have ever been used for practical purposes
are Marchantia polymorpha and Conocephalum conicum. These
were formerly prescribed in affections of the liver, but it is
doubtful if they possess any true therapeutic properties. Except
for the fact that a few of the Jungermanniales have been
used in the tropics as a packing material for living plants,
the remaining orders of the Bryophytes have been put to no
practical uses whatever.

CATALOGUE OF CONNECTICUT BRYOPHYTES

The following catalogue records the distribution of the
Bryophytes of Connecticut, so far as known to the writers.
Under each species the characteristic environment and often the
time of fruiting are given, together with the known localities
for the state. These are arranged alphabetically by towns
under the counties, the latter being given in the following
order: Litchfield, Hartford, Tolland, Windham, Fairfield,
New Haven, Middlesex, New London. The names of the
collectors' are also noted, but the only date mentioned is that
of the earliest known collection. In case two or more persons
have found, the same species in the same township, the one
who collected it first is the only one alluded to. The local
distribution is followed by brief notes regarding the known
distribution in North America and in other parts of the world.
For the sake of completeness attention is also called to Con-
necticut specimens which have been distributed in exsiccatae
and to references in the scattered literature of bryology which
relate directly to Connecticut plants. The numbers following
the authors' names in these references correspond with the
list and page numbers in the bibliography.

'38 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY. [Bllll.

The genera, where represented by more than a single
species, are suppHed with artificial keys to the species, and the
orders or families are supplied with similar keys to the genera.
The arrangement followed is in most respects like that given
in Engler & Prantl's " Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien."
Since, however, the treatment of the Bryales in this work is
still incomplete, the hypnoid Mosses are largely arranged ac-
cording to Warnstorf in the second volume of the " Kryptoga-
menflora der Mark Brandenburg." Warnstorf is also followed
in the position of the Polytrichacese and allied families. These
apparently represent the most highly developed members of
the Bryophytes, and it is therefore most logical to place them
at the conclusion of the series.

[Subclass Hepaticae]
ORDER MARCHANTIALES

FAMILY RICCIACE^

1. Terrestrial; green cells in rows at right angles to the

upper surface of the thallus, enclosing air spaces in the
form of narrow canals; epidermis without pores. .. .Riccia
Terrestrial or aquatic; green cells in layers one cell thick,
separating the irregular air spaces from one another. . 2

2. Epidermis without pores, sometimes becoming irregularly

ruptured with age Ricciella

Epidermis with distinct pores, not becoming ruptured with
age Ricciocarpus

U-|aaAx.<». iiRiccia (Mich.) L.
Riccia [arvensis Austl ^r«. '75"- 7 :r*w ('-**--'*-*»• ^t-)

Cultivated fields and margins of ponds. Autumn. Hart-
ford: Hartford, Harger. New Haven: Orange (1892),
Evans. Middlesex: Middlefield, Evans.

Ontario to Maryland.

Exsic. Miss Haynes, Amer. Hep. No. 2.

Ref. Evans, 28, 170. Underwood, 74, 278: 76, 4.

Ricciella A. Br. (^ *^^. ^ d.'\'^.j

I. Capsules rupturing on the upper surface of tlie thallus;
epidermis soon breaking down and leaving the sponge-
like green tissue exposed. .^Wr^^ J ^.^^. . .R. crystallina
Capsules rupturing on the lower "surface ^'oT the thallus 2

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 39

2. Aquatic, or rooting on wet mud; epiderr.is persistent

4^<^>*, 7 5-- «?c^( V^c^X. V- »• 'S) R. fluitans

Terrestrial; epidermis eventually breaking down R. SuUivantii

Ricciella crystallina (L.) Warnst. Riccia crystallina L.

On mud, often growing on margins of ponds. Autumn.
New Haven: Oxford (1898), Harger.

Connecticut west to Oregon and south to the West Indies
and Cahfornia ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Evans, 26, 207; 28, 170.

Ricciella fluitans (L.) A. Br. Riccia fluitans L.

Floating in ponds or slow streams or rooting in mud.
Autumn. Litchfield: Goshen, Underwood. Hartford:
Berlin, Coleman; Southington, Andrews. Windham : Plain-
field, Sheldon. Fairfield: Bethel, Underwood; Danbury,
Nichols. New- Haven : Branford, Evans; Hamden, O. D.
Allen; New Haven (1868), Eaton; North Branford, Evans;
Southbury, Harger.

New England and Ontario, west to British Columbia and
south into tropical America ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa ; New
Zealand.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer, No. 11 (as
Riccia fluitans).

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68. Evans, 28, 170. "

Ricciella SuUivantii (Aust.) Evans. Riccia SuUivantii .

AuSt. \_>»$ . VK'L«Jtj-v«iJ-XA.ci»AX<K U.c<xi.«4j. Q>.^- ^^\^1G ^\^.o^^ |mJw^4c«-V^. j

Cultivated fields and margins of ponds. Autumn. Hart-
ford: East Hartford, Weatherby; Hartford, Harger. Fair-
field : Danbury, Nichols. New Haven : East Haven, Evans;
MilfOrd, Miss Lorens; New Haven, O. D. Allen; Orange
(1876), Eaton; Oxford, Harger. Middlesex: Middlefield,
Evans. j^-U. d- ^^- U 1 \ Z'\o'\. kc«^»*^, Vf-h

New England to Virginia and west to Ohio. ^'^^'^ '^a!!^^^

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68. Evans, 28, 170; 33, 56. '

Ricciccarpus Corda
Ricciocarpus natans (L.) Corda. Riccia natans L.
Floating in ponds or growing on mud. May and June.

40 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Litchfield: Salisbury, Mrs. Phelps. Hartford: New
Britain, Shepard. Fairfield : Fairfield and Stratford, Eames.
New Haven : East Haven, /. A. Allen; Milford, Eames; New
Haven (1875), Eaton; Oxford, Harger. Middlesex: Clinton,
Miss Marion Clark. |^^. 4<^ ■ "^^2. <^'^^-

New England west to British Columbia and south to
Mexico; Brazil; Europe ; Asia ; Australia.

Ref. Eaton 15, 68. Evans, 28, 170.

FAMILY MARCHANTIACE^
I Air chambers in several layers, separated from one another

by plates of green cells 2

Air chambers in a single layer, the green cells arranged in
simple or branched rows arising from the floors of the
chambers 4

2. Sporophytes destitute of distinct pseudoperianths 3

Sporophytes each surrounded by a distinct pseudoperianth,

consisting of a thin membrane divided longitudinally ^-^

into eight segments Asterella "' '*

3. Ventral scales of thallus purple, scarcely projecting

beyond the margin; capsule only partially filling the

involucral cavity Reboulia ^Jj

Ventral scales of thallus soon becoming bleached, extend-
ing far beyond the margin, and usually forming a dense
tuft at the apex; capsule completely filling the involucral
cavity Grimaldia

4. Pores in epidermis of thallus simple, each surrounded by

a single layer of cells ; 5

Pores in epidermis compound or barrel-shaped, each sur-
rounded by cells arranged in several tiers 6

5. Outlines of air chambers distinct to the naked eye; gemmae

none; plant native Conocephalum

Outlines of air chambers indistinct to the naked eye;
gemmae abundant, produced in crescentic receptacles;
plant introduced into greenhouses Lunularia

6. Gemmre none; carpocephala with indistinct flat rays Preissia
Gemmae usually abundant, produced in cup-shaped re-
ceptacles; carpocephala with distinct terete rays Marchantia Jj

Reboulia Raddi

Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi. Asterella hemisphce-
rica Beauv.

On shaded banks and in crevices of rocks. May and June.

ncuT. 41

\RTFORD : Windsor,
s; Sherman, Evans.
den and New Haven

notes on Aster ella, Grimaldia, & Heboulia,
aa seen at Yale Hero., Jan. 19i30.

Aster ella , perianth dependent, conspicuoa ::. ,
with lobes like those of a ^]L orange-
peel buol^et.

^rimaldia, perianth oonspiouous, ohaffy,
but not in ^^t^ regular segments.

riebouiia, no perianth visible, thallus
purple beneath.

aven, Evans; Orange, i.f<:.i-i^

) Alaska and south to

thern Asia.

Amer. No. 121.

■o. Underwood, 71, 35;

V.

'^imbriaria tenella Nees. .^ -

rocks. May and June.
Tolland : Andover,
)HAM : Canterbury, Mrs.
vans; East Haven, /. A.
)xford, Harger; Wood-
wn, Evans. _
md south to Georgia.
170.

Wicrcr

Dumort.

cially along streams. April

Underzvood; New Milford

40 CONNECTICUT GEC

Litchfield : Salisbury,
Britain, She par d. Fairfi
^. New Haven : East Haver

■into eight segments

3. Ventral scales of t'

beyond the margin
involucral cavity .
Ventral scales of thai!
ing far beyond the i
tuft at the apex; cap
cavity

4. Pores in epidermis of

a single layer of c

Pores in epidermis cc

rounded by cells a

5. Outlines of air chambi

none; plant native
Outlines of air char
gemmae abundant,
plant introduced i

6. Gemma; none; carpoc
Gemma; usually' abu

ceptacles; carpocep

E

Reboulia hemisphaei

I ica Beauv.

On shaded banks an(

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 4I

Litchfield: New Milford, Evans. Hartford: Windsor,
Evans. Fairfield: Redding, Miss Haynes; Sherman, Evans.
New Haven : Branford, Livingston; Hamden and New Haven
(1873), Eaton; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, /. A. Allen.
Middlesex : Middletown, Evans. New London : Montville,
Lumsden.

New England west to British Columbia and south to
Mexico ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa ; South America ; Australia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68. Evans, 28, 170.

Grimaldia Raddi

Grimaldia fragrans (Balb.) Corda. Grimaldia barbifrons
Bisch.

Thin soil on rocks, often in exposed localities. May and
June. Litchfield: Salisbury, Evans. Hartford: Farming-
ton, Miss Lorens; Hartford, H. S. Clark; Simsbury, Miss
Lorenz. Fairfield : Monroe, Miss Lorenz. New Haven :
New Haven (1856), Eaton; North Haven, Evans; Orange,
Harger; Woodbridge, Evans.

Quebec and New England west to Alaska and south to
New Mexico and Texas ; Europe ; northern Asia.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 121.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68. Evans, 28, 170. Underwood, 71, 35 ;
75, 68.

Asterella Beauv.

Asterella tenella (L.) Beauv. Fimbriaria tenella Nees.

Shaded banks and thin soil on rocks. May and June.
Litchfield: New Milford, Evans. Tolland: Andover,
Weatherby; Bolton, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley. New Haven : Cheshire, Evans; East Haven, /. A.
Allen; Hamden (1868), Eaton; Oxford, Harger; Wood-
bridge, Hall. Middlesex : Middletown, Evans. _

New England west to Missouri and south to Georgia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68. Evans, 28, 170.

Conocephalum Wigg. .

Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort.
On shaded banks and rocks, especially along streams. April
and May. Litchfield: Goshen, Underzvood; New Milford

42 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

and Salisbury, Evans. Hartford: Southington, Chamberlain;
Windsor, W. E. Britton. Tolland: Bolton and Stafford,
Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley; Plainfield,
Sheldon; Windham, Nichols. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols;
Greenwich, Miss Haynes; Huntington, Evans; Redding,
Underzvood; Sherman, Evans. New Haven : Cheshire,
Hargcr; Hamden and New Haven (1856), Eaton; North
Haven and Woodbridge, Evans. Middlesex : Chester, Nichols.
New London : Ledyard, Nichols.

Newfoundland west to Alaska and south to Florida and
Nebraska ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 170. Underwood, 75, 67.

Preissia Corda

Preissia quadrata (Scop.) Nees.

On rocks and banks, more abundant in limestone districts.
May and June. Litchfield: New Milford and Salisbury
(1892), Evans. Hartford: Windsor, Evans. Tolland:
Bolton, Nichols. Fairfield : Sherman, Evans. New Haven :
North Haven, Nichols; Orange, Evans.

Greenland to Alaska and south to Mexico ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Evans, 28, lyo.

Lunularia (Mich.) Adans.

Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort. L. vulgaris Raddi.

introduced into greenhouses, and reproducing (in the
eastern United States) solely by means of gemmae. New
Haven: New Haven (1868), Eaton. Doubtless widely
distributed throughout the state.

New England west to California and south to the West
Indies; native in the Mediterranean regions of Europe, Asia,
and Africa ; Chile ; Australia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 170.

Marchantia (March, f.) L.
Marchantia polymorpha L.

On banks and rocks, in swamps, gardens, and cultivated
fields. June-August. Litchfield: Goshen, Underwood;

No. II.] THE BRYOPIIYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 43

New Milford, Evans. Hartford: Windsor, Evans. Tolland:
Bolton, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield: Sherman, Evans. New Haven: Branford, Hall;
East Haven, Harger; New Haven (1856), Eaton; Orange,
Evans; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, O. D. Allen.

Greenland to Alaska, south to Florida and the West Indies ;
Europe; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 170. Underwood, 75, 69.

ORDER JUNGERMANNIALES
FAMILY METZGERIACE^

1. Gametophyte a thallus with no indication of leaves;

capsule splitting longitudinally at maturity into four

valves 2

Gametophyte more or less clearly differentiated into stem

and leaves 5

2. Thallus composed of parenchyma throughout 3

Thallus with a median strand of narrow elongated cells 4

3. , Branches lateral: capsule oval Riccardia

Branching produced by forking; capsule spherical. .. .Pellia

4. Thallus repeatedly forking, bearing cilia on the margin;

antheridia and archegonia borne on short ventral

branches Metzgeria

♦ Thallus simple or with scattered ventral branches, margin
entire; antheridia and archegonia borne on dorsal
surface Pallavicinia

5. Leaves in the form of marginal crenulate scallops;

rhizoids colorless; capsule splitting longitudinally at

maturity into four valves Blasia

Leaves distinct; rhizoids purple; capsule splitting ir-
regularly at maturity Fossombronia

Riccardia S. F. Gray

1. Thallus mostly 4-10 mm. broad, sparingly branched R. pinguis
Thallus mostly 1-2 mm. broad, copiously branched 2

2. Thallus pinnate or bipinnate 3

Thallus palmate or irregularly branched 4

3. Ultimate branches distinctly bordered by 2 or 3 rows of

cells R. multifida

Ultimate branches indistinctly bordered by one row of
cells R. sinuata

44 CONNECTICUT GEpL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

4. Cortical cells averaging 0.07 X 0.04 mm; gemmae rare

R. latifrons
Cortical cells averaging 0.04 X 0.025 mm; gemmae two-
celled, often abundant R. palmata

Riccardia pinguis (L.) S. F. Gray. Aneura sessilis Spreng.

In swamps. April- June. Litchfield: New Milford and
Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Hartford,. A. H. Graves.
New Haven: East Haven (1874), Hall; Orange, Eivus.
Middlesex : Cromwell, Evans.

Greenland to Alaska, and south to the West Indies, Mexico,
and Brazil ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa ; Australia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 170.

Riccardia multifida (L.) S. F, Gray. Aneura multifida
Dumort.

In swamps and on wet rocks. May and June. Litch-
field: Salisbury, Evans. Fairfield: Redding, Evans. New
Haven: Orange (1876) and Woodbridge, /. A. Allen.

Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, south to Virginia ;
British Columbia to California; Europe; Asia. \'^'4^t~*^ S' J-"^

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 170.

Riccardia sinuata (Dicks.) Trevis. Aneura pinnatiiida
Nees, in part.

On dripping rocks. April and May. New Haven :
Hamden (1855), Eaton; Woodbridge, /. A. Allen.

New England south to New Jersey ; also in British
Columbia ; Europe ; Asia. A rare species, the range of which
is very incompletely known.

Exsic. Austin, Hep. Bor.-Amer. No. 115, in part (as
Aneura pinnatifida). Miss Haynes, Amer. Hep. No. 36.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 170. Underwood, 71, 55 ;
72, 726.

Riccardia latifrons Lindb.

On rotten logs. May-August. Litchfield: Salisbury,
Evans. Tolland: Bolton and Stafford, Nichols. New
Haven: Cheshire, Evans; Woodbridge (1879), J. A. Allen.

No. II.] ■ THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 45

Newfoundland west to Alaska and south to New England
and New York ; Europe ; Asia, f^-^ < ^^-h^-^-^ . ^^ fr ,
Ref. Evans, 28, 170.

Riccardia palmata (Hedw.) Carruth.

On rotten logs. May and June. New Haven : Cheshire
(1887), Setchell.

Nova Scotia west to Alaska and south to New England,
New York, and California ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Evans, 28, 170.

^ Metzgeria Raddi V"^-'^ H^l^,.--, 'Z

Metzgeria conjugata Lindb. M. fur cat a of some authb'rs. r 1 m / .

On shaded rocks and trunks of trees. May and June.
Litchfield : New Milford, Evans. Windham : Canterbury,
Mrs. Hadley; Killingly, Rounds. Fairfield: Danbury,
Eaton; Redding, Miss Haynes. New Haven : East Haven,
Eaton; Hamden, /. A. Allen; Meriden, Evans; New Haven
(1856) and Orange, Eaton; Seymour, Evans. Middlesex:
Killingworth, Evans. New London : Norwich, Setchell.

New England west to Alaska and south to Argentina and
Chile ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa. WU.^^* "^ *^[\x . txe^i .

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 170. '^Wo<l. ii'. Wb . ^\

'^^uZ\Tii^tr Pallavicinia S. F. Gray

Pallavicinia Lyellii (Hook.) S. F. Gray. Steetzia Lyellii
Lehm.

In swamps and bogs, sometimes aquatic. April-June.
Litchfield: Norfolk, Miss Lorenz. Hartford: East Hart-
ford, Miss Lorenz; Windsor, Evans. Tolland : Stafford and
Vernon, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
New Haven : Bethany and East Haven, Evans; Hamden,
/. A. Allen; Madison and Middlebury, Evans; New Haven
(1877), ^- ^- Allen; North Haven, Evans; Oxford, Harger.
Middlesex : Chester, Nichols. New London : Groton, Pres-
ton, and Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Newfoundland west to Ontario and south into tropical
America ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa ; New Zealand, l^e* ^<^ S" i ^

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 170.

46 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Pellia Raddi

Pellia epiphylla (L.) Corda.

On shaded banks and damp rocks. April and May. Litch-
field: Goshen, Underwood; Salisbury, Mrs. Phelps. Hart-
ford: Windsor, W. E. Britton. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley. Fairfield: Huntington, Evans; Redding, Miss
Haynes. New Haven : Bethany, Evans; Hamden, /. A.
Allen; Madison, Nichols; New Haven, Evans; Orange (1873),
Hall; Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex : Chester, Nichols.

Labrador to Alaska and south to New England, New York,
and Indiana ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Miss Haynes, Amer. Hep. No. 35.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 170.

Blasia L.
Blasia pusilla L.

On damp banks and rocks. April and May. Litchfield:
Cornwall, Underwood; Salisbury, Nichols. Windham : Can-
terbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield : Huntington, Evans. New
Haven: Derby, /. A. Allen; Hamden (1875), Hall.

Nova Scotia west to Alaska and south to Virginia, New
Mexico, and California; Europe; Asia.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 5. j^^ ^^*— (.. ^f */

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 170.

Fossombronia Raddi

1. Annual; capsules mature in autumn 2

Perennial; capsules mature in May and June F. salina

2. Spores with subparallel and rarely anastomosing ridges

F. Woridraczekii
Spores with anastomosing ridges forming a network

F. foveolata

Fossombronia salina Lindb.

On earth in wet pastures and swamps. May and June.
New Haven: East Haven, Evans; Hamden (1879) and
Orange, /. A. Allen.

Connecticut south to Florida and the West Indies and west
to Tennessee and Arkansas.

Ref. Evans, 24, 10; 28, 170.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 47

Fossombronia Wondraczekii (Corda) Dumort.

In damp fields and along roadsides. Sept.-Nov. New
Haven: Oxford (1894), Harger. Middlesex: Portland,
Johnson.

New England west to Indiana and south to Maryland ;
Europe; Asia.

Ref. Evans, 24, 10; 28, 170.

Fossombronia foveolata Lindb.

In damp fields and along roadsides. Sept.-Nov. New
Haven : Branford, Cheshire, and Hamden, Evans; Milford,
Miss Lorens; New Haven, Evans; Orange (1879), /. A.
Allen. Middlesex: Portland, Evans.

Quebec and Ontario west to British Columbia and south
to New Jersey and Delaware; Europe. R-t . 4-c-*^^. J~c «-/

Ref. Evans, 28, 170.

FAMILY JUNGERMANNIACE^

1. Leaves undivided and v^rith entire margins 2

Leaves variously toothed, lobed, cleft, or divided 9

2. Archegonia borne on the stem or a leading branch 3

Archegonia borne on a short branch, usually arising

ventrally 7

3. Bracts undivided, similar to the leaves 4

Bracts variously incised or cleft Jamesoniella, p. 52

4. Uppermost bracts apparently adnate with the base of the

perianth Nardia, p. 50

Uppermost bracts entirely free from the perianth 5

■5. Perianth terete and more or less contracted at the mouth

Jungermannia, p. 51

Perianth laterally compressed and truncate at the mouth 6

6. Growing in damp or wet woods on various substrata;

stems with few or no rhizoids; leaves never gemmiparous

Plagiochila, p. 56
Growing in open bogs; stems with numerous rhizoids;
leaves often gemmiparous Mylia, p. 56

7. Leaves succubous; sporophyte enclosed within a perianth 8
Leaves incubous; sporophyte developed within a pendent

perigynium Cal5rpogeia, p. 62

8. Leaf cells without trigones Chiloscyphus, p. 58

Leaf cells with distinct trigones Odontoschisma, p. 62

48 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

9. Leaves not complicate, usually expanded in one plane.... 10
Leaves distinctly complicate, the two portions meeting at

a more or less distinct keel 22

10. Leaves succubous ll

Leaves incubous IQ

11. Leaves bidentate or bilobed. 12

Leaves with more than two teeth or lobes 18

12. Underleaves distinct 13

Underleaves none or very minute ^ 16

13. Underleaves distinctly bifid 14

Underleaves undivided or with a few marginal teeth or

cilia 15

14. Sporophyte enclosed within a perianth. .. .Lophocolea, p. 57
Sporophyte developed within a pendent perigynium

Geocalyx, p. 59

15. Growing on rotten logs, often gemmiparous

Harpanthus, p. 59

Growing on calcareous rocks, never gemmiparous

Lophozia Muelleri, p. 53

16. Perianth terete, more or less plicate at the mouth

Lophozia, p. 52

Perianth trigonous 17

17. Leaf cells 0.025-0.05 mm. in diameter Cephalozia, p. 59

Leaf cells 0.01-0.02 mm. in diameter Cephaloziella, p. 61

18. Leaves undivided, margin sharply toothed. .Plagiochila, p. 56
Leaves with three or four broad teeth Lophozia, p. 52

19. Leaves bidentate at the apex; ventral flagelliform branches

none Calj^sogeia, p. 62

Leaves mostly with three or four teeth, lobes, or divisions 20

20. Stems apparently dichotomous; ventral flagelliform

branches numerous Bazzania, p. 64

Stems pinnately branched; ventral flagelliform branches

none 21

21. Divisions or lobes of leaves two or more cells wide, at

least at the base; archegonia borne on short ventral

branches Lepidozia, p. 65

Divisions of leaves only one cell wide throughout; arche-
gonia borne on the main stem or on leading lateral

branches Blepharostoma, p. 66

22. Ventral lobe of leaf equaling or surpassing the dorsal in

size '. 23

Ventral lobe smaller than the dorsal 26

No, II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 49

23. Bracts apparently adnata to the base of the perianth..

Marsupella, p. 50
Bracts entirely free from the perianth 24

24. Perianth strongly dorsi-ventrally compressed, not plicate

in upper part Sjcapania, p. 68

Perianth terete or slightly compressed, more or less plicate
in upper part 25

25. Keels of leaves sharp Diplophylleia, p. 67

Keels of leaves blunt Sphenolobus, p. 55

26. Leaves and underleaves with fringed margins 27

Leaves and underleaves (when present) with entire or

denticulate margins 28

27. Plants green, often tinged with brown or red, growing in

rather dry localities; leaf cells with trigones and a

smooth cuticle Ptilidium, p. 66

Plants pale green or yellowish, growing on the ground in
swamps; leaf cells thin-walled, with a minutely striolate
cuticle Trichocolea, p. 67

28. Underleaves present 29

Underleaves none ^3

29. Underleaves undivided 30

Underleaves bifid 31

30. Ventral lobe of leaf not inflated, attached to the stem by

a narrow base Porella, p. 70

Ventral lobe of leaf inflated and forming a small water-
sac, attached to the stem by a broad base

Leucolejeunea, p. 72

31. Ventral lobe of leaf attached to the stem by a broad base,

forming an inflated water-sac Lejeunea, p. 72

Ventral lobe of leaf usually forming an inflated water-sac,
entirely free from the stem 32

32. Archegonial branch with one or two subfloral innovations

Jubula, p. 72

Archegonial branch without subfloral innovations

Frullania, p. 7;^

33. Dorsal lobes of leaves smooth and entire; perianth dorsi-

ventrally compressed, truncate at the mouth

^^ Radula, p. 69

Dorsal lobes of leaves denticulate and minutely roughened
on outer surface by projecting cells; perianth inflated,
five-keeled, and contracted at the mouth into a tubular
beak Cololejeunea, p. 71

50 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. ' [Bull.

y\ ^ yA^v^^'^^^^ * VW^^^AM> U-.^W' O.^.:^ '-"^-I

Marsupella Diimort.

Plants varying from green to reddish; leaves with a broad
sinus and bluntly pointed lobes M. emarg^ata

Plants varying from green to deep purplish black; leaves
with a narrow sinus and rounded lobes M. Sullivantii

::•■ r

Marsupella emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort. 1.1*)

On damp shaded rocks. May and June. Litchfield:
Salisbury, Nichols. New Haven: Branford, Evans; Mid-
dlebury, Harger; Naugatuck, Evans; Oxford, Harger; Wood-
bridge (1879), J- -^- Allen. /2m.

Labrador west to Alaska and south to Virginia, Minnesota,
and California ; Europe ; Asia. ''^-*^ -f**^ "^ / tS "

Ref. Evans, 28, 172. , , / ., , v ->

Marsupella LSullivantii (DeNot.) Evans./ Marjdpella
sphacelata of some authors, not (Gieseke) Dumorl-v-^':^. media
(Gottsche) Schiffn. <- -C^fOi^r^'^tK (^ A~»^>t. jScA>.tW • XJ.S'

On shaded rocks. May and June. Hartford : Southing-
ton, Miss Lorens. New Haven : Hamden and Naugatuck
(1890), Evans.

Nova Scotia south to Georgia ; Washington ; Europe.

Ref. Evans, 28, 172; 30, 167; 33, 57. (^ ^v^ ^ ^'Ik a. (-

I^Nardia S. F. GrayJ ;> 5o\«A^'.^T^'?t

1. Growing on sandy soil; rhizoids colorless; leaves (or at

least the bracts) bordered by a row of thick-walled
cells; leaf cells otherwise thin-walled throughout'or with

minute trigones N. crenulata

Growing on damp rocks or banks; rhizoids more or less
tinged with purple; leaf cells with distinct trigones.... 2

2. Leaves bordered by a row of thick-walled cells

N. crenuliformis
Leaves not bordered, their cell structure uniform through-
out N. hyalina

Nardia crenulata (Sm.) Lindb. Jungermannia crenulata

On sandy soil, especially along roadsides and shaded paths.
.•\pril-June. Litchfield: Cornwall and Litchfield, Under-
wood. Tolland: Bolton, Nichols. Fairfield: Huntinsi:on

No. ll.j THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 5I

and Redding, Evans. New Haven: Hamden, Eaton; Meri-
den. Eimns; New Haven (1866), Eaton; Orange, Evans;
Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, /. A. Allen. Middlesex-:
Middlefield, Evans.

Greenland west to British Columbia and south to Alabama
and California ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 57.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, 28, 172.

|_Nardia crenuliformis (Aust.) Lindbj 3 3 I
On rocks along streams. May and June. New Haven : rj
Beacon Falls (1907), Evans. P Ca£^. (cll^ .) lA^utf ^

Connecticut to Ohio and south to New Jersey and West
Virginia.

Nardia hyalina (Lyell) Carr. 332^ V. -^. ( /"^^(y ^^^^ .

On damp shaded rocks and banks. May and June. Wind-
ham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven : Ansonia m jti
(1880), /. A. Allen; Beacon Falls, Evans; Hamden, /. A.
Allen; Naugatuck, Evans. Middlesex: Middletown, Evans.

New England to Minnesota and south to Maryland;
Europe; Peru.

Ref. Evans, 26, 209; 28, 172.

Jungermannia (Rupp.) L.

1. Leaf cells with trigones; monoicous: perianth abruptly-

contracted at the apex into a short depressed beak....

J. lanceolata
Leaf cells without trigones; perianth gradually contracted
at the apex 2

2. Small species, stems 5-10 mm. long; monoicous J. pumila

Large species, stems mostly 2-8 cm. long; dioicous

J. cordifolia

Jungermannia lanceolata L. Liochlccna lanceolata Nees. 2. 78

On shaded banks. May and June. New Haven : Ham- ^

den (1877) and New Haven, /. A. Allen; Oxford, Harger. M '^^

Labrador west to British Columbia and south to New Jer-
sey, Indiana, and Washington ; Europe ; Asia ; Madeira Islands.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, 28, 171. j(jt£ ,^^v-^. ^C '^

52 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Jungermannia pumila With. X^t

On wet rocks, often in brooks. May and June. New
Haven: Hamden (1877), /. A. Allen; North Branford,
Evans.

Greenland south to Maryland; Europe.

Ref. Evans, 28, 171.

Jungermannia cordifolia Hook. 3.^ ^

On wet rocks along streams. Hartford: Windsor (1903),
Miss Lorenz.

Greenland west to Alaska and south to New England and
Colorado; Europe; Asia; South America.

Ref. Evans, 30, 170.

Jamesoniella (Spruce) Steph.

Jamesoniella autumnalis (DC.) Steph. Jungermannia
Schraderi Mart, a T 2-

On banks, rocks, and rotten logs. Sept.-Nov. Litch-
field: New Milford, Evans; Salisbury, Adams. Hartford:
Simsbury, Miss Lorens. Tolland: Vernon, Nichols. New
Haven: Bethany, Evans; Hamden (1878), Eaton; Nauga-
tuck, Evans; New Haven, O. D. Allen; Orange, Evans; Ox-
ford, Harger; Woodbridge, Nichols. Middlesex : Cromwell,
Evans.

Greenland to British Columbia and south to Virginia and
Missouri; Europe; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, 28, 171.

Lophozia Duniort.

1. Leaves bidentate or bilobed throughout 2

Leaves tri- or quadridentate, at least on fertile stems,

sometimes bidentate on poorly developed stems 7

2. Teeth or lobes acute 3

Teeth or lobes rounded L. inflata

3. Underleaves none; perianth plicate in upper part, and not

strongly contracted at the mouth 4

Underleaves present; perianth scarcely plicate in upper part,
and contracted at the mouth into a short beak..L. Muelleri

4. Dioicous 5

Monoicous (paroicous) 6

No. II.] THE BRVOrHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 53

5. Growing on rocks; leaf cells with small trigones. .L. ventricosa
Growing on rotten logs; leaf cells with large trigones..

L. porphyroleuca

6. Plants with a distinct aromatic odor; leaf cells with

strongly thickened walls L. bicrenata

Plants odorless; leaf cells thin-walled, but with small
trigones L. excisa

7. Plants firm, dark green; leaves but little altered when dry 8
Plants delicate, pale or bright green; leaves strongly

crispate when dry ' lO

8. Teeth of leaves subequal, the lateral margins nearly

straight and of about the same length 9

Apical (or ventral) tooth larger than the others, the cor-
responding lateral margin long and strongly curved..

L. Lyoni

9. Gemmae usually abundant, borne on upright flagelliform

shoots with closely appressed leaves L. attenuata

Gemmae rare, not borne on flagelliform shoots L. barbata

10. Lobes of leaves more or less toothed L. incisa

Lobes of leaves entire L. marchica

L6phozia inflata (Hiids.) M. A. Howe. 3fcS

On damp shaded rocks. Tolland: 'QoMon, Nichols. New ^ -y
Haven: Branford (1892) and Naugatuck, Evans.

Greenland to Alaska and south to New Jersey and Cali-
fornia ; Europe ; Asia. i^^jJc . >^<uJC . i^ t H

Ref. Evans, 28, 172.

2^^-^^ Lophozia Muelleri (Nees) Dumort. Jgb " '

^%-^M\'ii. In crevices of calcareous rocks. May and June. Litch-
^'i field: Sahsbury (1897), Evans.
'. I Quebec to Connecticut; Europe; Asia.

Ref. Evans, 32, 35.

Lophozia bicrenata (Schmid.) Dumort. Jnngcrviannia
excisa of some authors. 3 *^ ^ 3 1 "J?

On rocks, shaded earth, and banks. May and June. .. ^
Litchfield: Goshen, Underzvood. Tolland: Bolton and
Vernon, Nichols. Fairfield: Huntingfton, Evans. New
Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols; Hamden (1878), /. A. Allen;
Meriden, Evans; Orange, /. A. Allen; Seymour, Harger.

hni

54 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Quebec and Ontario south to Pennsylvania and New Jer-
sey ; Europe ; Asia. &^ ^ '4^^-^ . 0~ < 2. ^ , I/-.

Ref. E^ton, 15, 71. Evans, 26, 209; 28, 172.

Lophozia excisa (Dicks.) Dumort. 3V4

On rocks. New Haven: North Haven (1906), Evans.

Labrador to New England and west to British Columbia ;
Europe; Asia. The species has been confused in North
America with L. bicrenata, and its range is therefore not very
definitely known.

Ref. Evans, 33, y^^. Miss Haynes, 44, 99, pi. p, f. lo-i^.

Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort. 3H<^
On rocks. Litchfield: Salisbury (1908), Miss Lorens.
Greenland to Alaska, south to New England, Minnesota,
and California ; Europe ; Asia.

Lophozia porphyroleuca (Nees) Schiffn. 3^1.
/^/ot) On rotten logs. Tolland: Stafford (1906), A'ichols.

Greenland to British Columbia, south to New England and
Washington ; Europe ; Asia.
Ref. Evans, 33, 73.

Lophozia marchica (Nees) Steph. Jungermannia Novce-
CoBsarccc Evans. L. Novce-Ccssarecc Steph. d^'.J'

In bogs and on wet sandy soil. May and June. Fair-
^ 0 field: LIuntington, Evans. New Haven: East Haven (1892)
and Orange, Evans.

New England south to Delaware and West Virginia;
Europe.

Ref. Evans, 20, 309; 26, 212; 28, 172. Stephani, 67-, 153.

Lophozia incisa (Schrad.) Dumort. 3 4 5"

On shaded banks and rotten logs. May and June. Litch-
field : Winchester, Miss Lorenz. Tolland : Stafford, Nich-
'^\X^ ols. New Haven: Hamden (1877), O. D. Allen; Wood-
bridge, Evans.

Greenland to Alaska, and south to NeW England, Minne-
sota, and California: Europe; Asia. 1^ . C^a-J. 'si^/1

Ref. Evans, 28, 172.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 55

T^^t^xxrl-Cr^Wyyt o. Lts_;»Xnccfo^ (^bcWuJb-.j \.uyQ,fJ^^.^

Lophozia barbata (Schreb.) Dutnort. J linger mannia bar-
bata -Schreb. tVXCc

On rocks. May and June. Litchfield: Goshen, Under-
wood. Hartford: ¥2irm.mgion, Miss Lor ens. New Haven : /)?-C'l
East Haven, Evans; Hamden, /. A. Allen; Meriden, Evans;
New Haven (1877), /. A. Allen; Sovithbury, Harger. Mid-
dlesex : Durham, Evans.

Greenland to Yukon, and south to New Yofk and New
Jersey; Europe; Asia. rdJ. • 4<\.\Ji . S • I

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, 28, 172.

Lophozia attenuata (Mart.) Dumort. L. gracilis
(Schleich.) Steph. f C^

On shaded rocks and logs. Litchfield: Salisbury (1892),
Evans. M XOO

Greenland to Alaska, south to New England and New
York; Europe; Asia. jctX- ^f«-cC -^~ 1 (v «%. (-

Ref. Evans, 31, 58. . v

Lophozia Lyoni (Ta^d.) Sleph. '-f ^ /

On shaded rocks. New Haven: Meriden (1890-)., Evans. M iqx*
Greenland to Alaska, and south to New England and
Minnesota ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Evans, 26, 210; 28, 172.

Sphenolobus (Lindb.) Steph. '■y^'

Dorsal lobe much smaller than the ventral, often tooth-like

S. exsectvis
Lobes subequal S. Michauxii

Sphenolobus exsectus (Schmid.) Steph. 4'^ ,\a^,^'^^»>^- 'j-'**

On shaded rocks. Litchfield: New Milford, Evans. /'^2J(o
New Haven: Branford (1903) and Naugatuck, Evans.

Quebec to British Columbia, south to West Virginia and
Colorado ; Europe ; Asia. C" 3 i" <=<- , L^.

Ref. Evans, 28, 173; 30. 171. ^

Sphenolobus IV^chauxii (Web. f.) Steph. 3f 3 }\\ q,

On shaded rocks. Litchfield: Salisbury (1892), Evans.

56 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Labrador to British Columbia, south to Virginia and Min-
nesota; Europe; Asia. *^- "H-*---^ ■^ ^1
Ref. Evans, 31, 58.

Plagiochila Dumort.

Leaves broadly ovate, entire or denticulate, the teeth more
than ten P. asplenioides

Leaves narrowly ovate, sharply dentate, the teeth less than
ten P. Sullivantii

Plagiochila asplenioides (L.) Dumort. Including P. porel-
loides Nees.14^1

On rocks and banks, often in wet localities. May and June.
Litchfield: New Milford and Salisbury, £?7aM.y. Hartford:
Burlington, Nichols. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols. Wind-
ham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield : Huntington,
Evans; Redding, Miss Haynes; Sherman, Evans. New
Haven : Beacon Falls, Evans; Bethany, Hall; Hamden
(1855), New Haven, and Orange, Eaton; Oxford, Harger;
Woodbridge, Evans. Middlesex: Cromwell, Evans; Kil-
^'^ lingworth, Hall; Middlefield and Middletown, Evans. New

London : Ledyard, Nichols.

Newfoundland to Alaska, and south to Virginia, Minne-
sota, and California ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref, Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, 28, 172.

Plagiochila Sullivantii Gottsche. P. spinulosa of some
authors. ^3>^

On shaded rocks. Fairfield: Redding, Evans. New
Haven: Branford and Naugatuck (1890), Evans.

New Hampshire to North Carolina.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 11 1 (as P.
spinulosa), collected at Naugatuck, Evans, but incorrectly
0 labeled " Beacon Falls."

Ref. Evans, 21, 191, pi. 75, /. j8, 21, pi. 16, f. 7-9; 28, 172.
Stephani, 67% 319.

Mylia S. F. Gray
Mylia anomala (Hook.) S. F. Gray. 3^^
^ Among Sphagna in bogs. Litchfield: Woodbury, Evans,

-ib^ New Haven: Bethany (1892) and New Haven, Evans.

^)^V^

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 57

New Brunswick to Yukon, and south to New Jersey and
Washington ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer, No. 151. <i^.'^t^^^i<^
Ref. Evans, 28, 172. Underwood, 73, 300.

Lophocolea Dumort.

1. Plants growing on wet rocks; leaves gradually narrowed

toward the apex and divided into two sharp teeth; di-

oicous L. bidentata

Plants growing on banks, rotten logs, or damp rocks;
leaves scarcely narrowed toward the apex 2

2. Leaves varying from bifid to truncate and undivided;

monoicous (paroicous); gemmae none L. heterophylla

Leaves bidentate; dioicous; gemmae abundant, borne on
rudimentary leaves L. minor

Lophocolea bidentata (L.) Dumort. I.^*^

On rocks near or in streams. May and June. Hart-
ford: Windsor, Evans. New Haven: Hamden (1877),^ ^tfo
/. A. Allen; Orange, Evans. Middlesex: Cromwell, Evans.

Ontario south to Connecticut and Virginia ; Europe ; tropi-
cal and antarctic America.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 95.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71 ; Evans, 28, 172,

Lophocolea heterophylla (Schrad.) Dumort. Including
L. Austini Lindb. 15" "2.,

On rotten logs, shaded banks, and earth in woods. May-
July. Litchfield: Goshen, Underwood; New Milford,
Evans; Salisbury, Nichols. Tolland: Bolton and Stafford,
Nichols. Fairfield: Huntington and Sherman, Evans. New
Haven : Beacon Falls and Derby, Evans; East Haven and
Hamden, O. D. Allen; Meriden and Middlebury, Evans; New /^^*^^
Haven (1866), Eaton; North Branford, North Haven, and
Orange, Evans; Oxford, Harger; Seymour, Evans. Middle- ^ ,

sex: Durham, Evans; Killingworth, Nichols; Middlefield, ^'' JLV"*
Evans. New London : Ledyard, Nichols. ^

Nova Scotia to British Columbia, and south to North Caro-
lina, Minnesota, and California; Europe; Asia.

\%'^1

58 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 186, in part
(as L. Austini).

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, 23, pi. 6; 28, 172.

Lophocolea minor Nees. XS(c,

.On shaded banks and rocks, especially in limestone regions.
Hartford: Farmington and Hartford, Miss Lorens. Tol-
land : StaffHer'd, ^ichols. Fairfield : Sherman, Evans. New-
Haven iEakiHa^en, Evans; New Haven (1877), /. A. Allen.

New, B'rtinsw'iclc to British Columbia, south to New York
and Minnesota;; EHrope.; Asia.

Exsic. UnderAj/ood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 129.

Ref. Evans, 28, 172.

Chiloscyphus Corda

Leaf cells usually less than 0.03 mm. in diameter; lobes of
perianth entire or nearly so C. polyanthus

Leaf cells mostly 0.035-0.04 mm. in diameter; lobes of
perianth dentate or lacerate C. pallescens

Chiloscyphus polyanthus (L.) Corda. T-H I

In swamps and streams, often submerged. Litchfield:
Winchester, Evans. Hartford: Windsor, Evans. Tolland:
Bolton and Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadlcy. New Haven: Bethany (1878), Eaton; Hamden,
Harger; New Haven, Evans; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge,
J.A.Allen. Middlesex: Killingworth, Mc/to/5; Middletown,
Evans.

Labrador to Alaska, and south to New Jersey, Missouri,
and California ;• Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 171.

Chiloscyphus pallescens (Ehrh.) Dumort. C. ascend ens
Sulliv. iKI

On rotten logs and shaded banks. May and June. Litch-
feld: Salisbury, Evans. New Haven: Bethany (1875),
Eaton; Hamden, /. A. Allen; Middlebury, Evans; New Haven,
Harger; Orange, Eaton; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge,
Evans.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 59

Ontario to British Columbia, south to New England, New
York, and Indiana; Europe; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 171 ; 31, 54.

Harpanthus Nees

Harpanthus scutatus (Web. f. & Mohr) Spruce. 'iS'S

On rotten logs. Litchfield: Sahsbury, Em^. Tol-
land: Stafford, Nichols. New HAVRN^^J#^fflhrd and
Cheshire, Evans; Oxford (1890), Harger. ,^4^ \Q^ ^ ft/l

Labrador west to British Columbia am s^o^i-tif^ Vir-
ginia; Europe; Asia. i^-4«-^- SCO, ^^^ 1\^ ^Co'

Ref. Evans, 28, 171. ,0^ .^.^ ^^

Geocalyx Nees '^ Cr' f*^

Geocalyx graveolens (Schrad.) Nees^ir if^,, ^ Vfe^L-

On rotten logs, banks, and shaded rO%ksp^Iaj4j,-and June.
Litchfield: New Milford and Salisbury V^^'t^j^. Hart-
ford: Windsor, Evans. Tolland? Si^ffoJ^, Nichols.
Windham: Canterbury, Mr.?, f/arf/^y. Fm^ieCD: Redding,
Miss Haynes. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Evans; Hamden,
/. A. Allen; New Haven (1867), Veitch; North Branford and
North Haven, Evans; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Eaton.

Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to Virginia and
Washington ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 171.

Cephalozia Dumort.

1. Stems bounded by a layer of enlarged cortical cells 2

Stems uniform in cell structure; lobes of leaves obtuse or

obtusely pointed C. fiuitans

2. Leaves inflated at the base, the segments ending in long

slender points C. curvifoiia

Leaves not inflated at the base, the segments acute or
acuminate 3

3. Leaves not decurrent, symmetrical, the segments straight

or scarcely connivent •. C. bicuspidata

Leaves more or less decurrent, unsymmetrical, the seg-
ments connivent 4

4. Leaf cells 0.04-0.045 mm. in diameter C. connivens

Leaf cells 0.02-0.03 mm. in diameter 5

h\

60 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

5. Leaf cells thin-walled; segments of bracts entire or spar-
ingly laciniate C. lunulaefolia

Leaf cells with uniformly thickened walls; segments of
bracts dentate or denticulate C. serrifiora

Cephalozia curvifolia (Dicks.) Dumort. Kc.C^^c-fco.j I/IU ft"

On rotten logs. May and June. Litchfield: Goshen,
Underivood; Salisbury, Evans. Hartford: Windsor, W. E.
Britton. Fairfield: Monroe and Newtown, Harger. New
Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols; Branford, Evans; Cheshire,
Harger; Hamden (1877) and New Haven, /. A. Allen; North
Haven and Woodbridge, Evans.

Newfoundland to Ontario, south to North Carolina and
Minnesota ; Europe ; Asia. (2dL . ^^-'-^ <4 ^ ^ «\ 1.^.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, 28, 171.

Cephalozia bicuspidata (L.) Dumort. «-^g'i.

On shaded banks and rocks. May and June. Litch-
field: Salisbury, Nichols. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols.
Fairfield: Trumbull {i^^i) , Evans. New Haven : Beacon
Falls, Hamden, Naugatuck, and Orange, Evans.

Greenland to Alaska, and south to New England, Minne-
sota, and California; Asia; northern Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71 (quoted from East Haven). Evans,
28, 171.

Cephalozia connivens (Dicks.) Lindb. ^ ^t

In swamps and wet pastures. May and June. Litch-
field: Salisbury, Evans. Fairfield: Sherman, Evans.
New Haven : East Haven and Hamden, Evans. New Haven
(1867), Eaton; North Branford, Evans.

Prince Edward Island to Ontario, and south to Florida;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, 28, 171. Howe, 49, 282.

lunulaefolia Dumort J V-fiv»**. Xud'xo.^ <^u<, lM.o.<Ar/(wQ3
On shaded banks and rotten logs. May and June. Litch-
field: Salisbury and Woodbury, Evans. Hartford: Wind-
sor, Evans. Tolland: Bolton and Stafford, Nichols. Fair-
field : Huntington and Redding, Evans. New Haven : Bea-
con Falls and Hamden, Evans; New Haven (1866), Eaton;

n-^i^

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 6l

North Branford, Evans; North Haven, Nichols. Middle-
sex : Durham, Evans.

Greenland to Alaska, and south to Florida, Minnesota,
and California ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Evans, 28, 171. / 1 , / \

Cephalozia serriflora Lindb. C. catenulata of som^
authors. 4<^2.

On rotten logs. New Haven: New Haven (1892). >^ "^ ( '
Evans.

Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south to Florida and
Louisiana; Europe; Asia.

Ref. Evans, 28, 171 ;^o, 173. , > n

Cephalozia fluitans (Nees) Spruce. .5o\ ^

In wet bogs. Litchfield: Salisbury and Woodbury,
Evans. New Haven: Bethany (1888), Harger.

Labrador to British Columbia, south to New Jersey, Min-
nesota, and Washington ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 154. /tM-^--^- -^

Ref. Evans, 28, 171.

Cephaloziella (Spruce) Schiffn.

Dioicous C. divaricata

Monoicous (paroicous) C. myriantha

Cephaloziella divaricata (Sm.) Schiffn. Cephalozia di-
vancata Dumort. ^^^^-'-^ ^^^J^^^uTV:^\^^ Vh l

On damp banks, sandy soil, and rocks. May and June. *"

Litchfield: Goshen, Underzvood. Hartford: Hartford
and West Hartford, Miss Lorena. Tolland: Vernon,
Nichols. Fairfield : Huntington and Redding, Evans. New r\ 0
Haven: East Haven, Evans; Hamden (1877) and New
Haven, /. A. Allen; North Haven, Evans; Orange, J. A.
Allen; Oxford, Harger; Seymour, Evans. Middlesex: Mid-
dlefield, Evans.

Greenland to Alaska, south to Maryland, Minnesota, and
California ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 155.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, 28, 171.

62 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST, SURVEY. [Bull.

Cephaloziella myriantha (Lindb.) Schiffn. Si:f
On sandy soil and rocks. Hartford: East Granby and
'^*A^ West Hartford (1907), Miss Lorenz.

New England and New York; range in North America
not definitely known ; Europe.

♦ Odontoschisma Dumort.

Leaves bordered by one to three rows of rectangular cells;
gemmae none O. prostratum

Leaves uniform in cell structure; gemmae usually abundant,
borne at the tips of erect shoots with rudimentary leaves

O. denudatum

^ ^ Odontoschisma prostratum (Sw.) Trevis. 0. Sphagni

v^u-x of some authors. ^*\0
^ v^t^W'nn swamps and bogs. Hartford : West Hartford, Miss
''<i^*''^\W\Lorens. Tolland : Columbia, Weatherhy. Windham : Can-
*^^ ^ J' terbury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven: Hamden (1866) and
«JY'^ New Haven, Eaton; North Branford, Evans; Oxford, Harger^

New London : Waterford, Miss Lorenz.

1
\0-y Southern New England, south into tropical America.

^0*^ Ref. Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, .28, 172; 29, 344, pL ig, f,

42-54, pi. 20, f. 55, 57, 59, 60, 62, 64.

Odontoschisma denudatum (Mart.) Dumort.
^ \^ On rotten logs, more rarely on shaded banks. Litchfield :

^\j<*^ Salisbury, Evans. Hartford : Windsor, Evans. Tolland :
' y^L^ Bolton and Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs.
-TV^ Hadley. New Haven: Hamden, O. D. Allen; North Bran-
'^ ford (1881), /. A. Allen. H fc9

n Greenland to Nova Scotia and Ontario, south into tropical

^ America ; Europe ; Asia. i^^jlX <UuJi S' ^~i, .

Ref. Evans, 28, 172; 29, 342, pi. ip, f. 35-38.

Calypogeia Raddi

1. Leaves rounded to obtuse at the apex, rarely bifid or

bidentate; leaf cells with a smooth cuticle 2

Leaves sharply bidentate; leaf cells with a minutely striate-
verruculose cuticle C. SuUivantii

2. Leaf cells without trigones 3

Leaf cells with small but distinct trigones 4.

No. II. J THE BKYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 63

3. Plants robust, growing on banks, earth in woods, or shaded

rocks; underleaves bifid about one-third C. Trichomanis

Plants delicate, growing in bogs, underleaves bifid to the
middle or beyond C. tenuis

4. Growing in bOgs; leaves spreading at an angle of about 30°

C. sphagnicola
Growing on rotten logs; leaves spreading at an angle of
about 45° C. suecica

Calypogeia Trichomanis (L.) Corda. Kantia Tricho-
manis S. F. Gray. tS 1

On shaded banks and earth in woods. May and June.
Litchfield: Salisbury and Woodbury, Evans. Hartford:
Windsor, Evans. Tolland : Bolton, Nickels; Coventry, Mrs.
Phelps; Stafford and Vernon, Nichols. Windham: Canter- M-^'*^
bury, Mrs. Hadley; Windham, Nichols. Fairfield: Hunt-
ington, Evans; Redding, Miss Haynes. New Haven : Beacon
Falls, Evans; Hamden (1877), /. A. Allen; Meriden, Nauga-
tuck, New Haven, and Orange, Evans. Middlesex : Killing-
worth, Nichols. New London : Ledyard, Nichols.

Labrador to Alaska, and south to North Carolina and
California; Europe; Asia. ^*-^ • "^^-^ . '-^^ ^

Rer Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 171 ; 33, 70.

Calypogeia tenuis (Aust.) Evans. ,^\jl*4<. «-«^ (^ . i^X^^t^<:^«
In bogs. Litchfield: Woodbury (igo2), Evans, ^j^ ^^C
New Hampshire to New Jersey. " m^

Ref. Evans, 33, 69, pi. /j, /. 9-14..

Calypogeia sphagnicola (Arn. & Perss.) Warnst. &
Loeske. Io*^0

In bogs. Litchfield: New Milford (1906), Evans. y*!"^'/
The only known locality outside of Europe.
Ref. Evans, 33, 65.

Calypogeia suecica (Arn. & Perss.) C. Miill. Frib.
On rotten logs. Tolland: Stafford (1906), Nichols. /M ^2.__^
Maine to Connecticut; Europe; range not yet definitely
known. (5 ^ *^

Ref. Evans, 33, 66.

64 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Calypogeia Suilivantii Aust. Kantia Sullivantii Undervv.
On sandy banks. New Haven : East Haven, Evans; Mil-
ford, Weatherby; Woodbridge (1890), Evans. New Lon-
\^ don: Waterford, Mm Lor^M^.

Southern New England to North Carolina and Arkansas.
Ref. Evans, 26, 212; 28, 171 ; 33, 67.

Bazzania S. F. Gray

Plants large, the leaves often 2.5 mm. long, broadly ovate,
truncate and tridentate at the apex B. trilobata

Plants smaller, the leaves mostly 0.7 to 1.2 mm. long, ovate,
acute or irregularly bidentate or tridentate at the apex

B. tricrenata

Bazzania trilobata (L.) S. F. Gray. Mastigobryum frilo-
batum Nees. fef]

On earth in woods and swamps, on shaded banks, and on
rotten logs. Autumn. Litchfield: Goshen, Underwood;
New Milford and Salisbury, Evans. Hartford: Canton,
Nichols; Glastonbury, Mrs. Lowe; West Hartford, Miss
Lorenz. Tolland: Ellington and Stafford, Nichols. Wind-
ham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley; Windham, Nichols. Fair-
field : Redding, Miss Haynes. New Haven : Beacon Falls
^■^*A and Branford, Evans; Hamden (1855), Eaton; Naugatuck,
Evans; North Haven, Nichols; Orange, Eaton; Oxford, Har-
ger; Seymour, Evans; Woodbridge, Hall. Middlesex : Dur-
ham and Killingworth, Evans. New London : Groton and
North Stonington, C B. Graves.

Newfoundland to Ontario, and south to Alabama ; Europe ;
Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 171.

Bazzania tri^rcHiata — (Wahl.) — Tievib.
(Schleich.) Lindb.)[tfc^") U'X'^

On shaded rocks. Litchfield: Salisbury (1892), Evans.
Fairfield: Redding, Evans. Nevt Haven: Beacon Falls ifu.
and Naugatuck, Evans. /iff f^^-^-r^ "^""^^ '"^^foi)^ Vito^ — -t**^ is';")

Nova Scotia to Alaska, ancf^ith to North Carolina and
Washington ; Europe ; Asia. (^I^J'^^^^jTiTT'TN

Ref. Evans, 28, 171. ^ ^-^ ^ L>^

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 65

Lepidozia Dumort.

1. Leaves divided to the middle or a little beyond into three

or four triangular lobes L. reptans

Leaves divided almost to the base into three or four
setaceous divisions 2

2. Underleaves of stem mostly quadrifid with subequal di-

visions; bracts mostly trifid or quadrifid L. setacea

Underleaves of stem mostly trifid, one or two of the di-
visions regularly aborted; bracts mostly bifid. . . .L. sylvatica

Lepidozia reptans (L.) Dumort. <c5$3 ^>*^^'^\^{

On shaded banks and rotten logs. May and June. Litch-^-'*jT^'^^^
field: Goshen, Underwood; Salisbury, Evans. Hartford: , . ^^
Canton, Nichols. Windham : Windham, Nichols. New
Haven : Beacon Falls, Evans; Hamden, Eaton; Naugatuck,
Evans; New Haven, /. A. Allen; North Haven, Evans; A) ^3 1
Orange (1877), J- ■^- ^H^n; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge,
/. A. Allen.

Newfoundland to Alaska, and south to Virginia, Minne-
sota, and California; Europe; Asia. |5s^ . ^-^-vX . S~C 'y ,

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 172.

,■' -i. ,
Lepidozia setacea (Web.) Mitt. L. sphagnicola Evans.tfco
In bogs. May and June. New Haven: Bethany (1892),
Evans.

Range in North America not definitely known ; Europe ; ^ ' ^

Asia. i^^^iS*

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 168 (as L.

sphagnicola) .

Ref. Evans, 20, 308, pi 162; 28, 172; 30, 186. ^^ . ->

Lepidozia sylvatica Evans. L. setacea of some authors. fc5"§
On shaded banks and rotten logs. May and June. Hart-
ford: Manchester, Miss Lorenz. Tolland: Stafford,
Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New J^ ^^^
Haven: East Haven, Evans; Hamden (1866) Eaton; Nau-
gatuck, Evans-; New Haven, Veitch; Orange, Eaton; Ox-
ford, Harger. Middlesex: Killingworth, Hall.
New England to Florida.

66 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 85 (as L.
setacea) .

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 172; 30, 187, pi 57.

Blepharostoma Dumort.
Blepharostoma trichophyllum (L.) Dumort. i^\
On shaded banks and rocks, also on rotten logs. IMay and
June. Tolland : Stafford, Nichols. Fairfield : Sherman,
^ Evans. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Evans; New Haven,
\A^ /• •^- Allen; Orange, Evans. Middlesex:- Killingworth
(1875), Hall.

Greenland to Alaska, and south to New Jersey, Colorado,
and California; Europe; Asia. (<UC. '4-o.<i^ . ^ '^ S ck '♦'C-.
Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 171.

Ptilidium Nees

Stems erect or ascending; stem leaves distant or loosely-
imbricated P. ciliare

Stems prostrate; stem leaves dfeijsely irtiiwicated

P. pulcherrimum.

Ptilidium ciliare (L.) Nees. Blepharo'sia ciliaris Dumort. t^lS*
On earth among rocks. May and June. Litchfield:
Cornwall and Goshen, Underwood. New Haven : East
^^> Haven, Evans; Hamden (1877), /. A. Allen; Meriden, Miss
^ Lorcns. Middlesex : Durham, Evans. New London : Nor-

wich, C. B. Graves.

Greenland to Alaska, and south to New England and Min-
nesota; Europe; Asia. (J^jlC ^^^*-»^ S'^tTo^^lr-.
Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 172; 32, 44.

Ptilidium pulcherrimum (Web.) Hampe. Included under
P. ciliare by many writers. \<\'\

On shaded rocks, trunks of trees, and rotten logs ; rarely
^■^ti» on banks rich in humus. May and June. Litchfield : Corn-
wall and Goshen, Underwood; New Milford and Salisbury,
Evans. Hartford: Burlington and Canton, Nichols; Tol-
land: Ellington, P^a.y^; Stafford, iY/c/10/.y. Windham: Can-
terbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Redding and Sherman,
Evans. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Evans; Bethany, Ham-

No. II.] THE BRVOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 67

clei% and Meriden (1856), Eaton; New Haven, North Haven,
and Seymour, Evans; Woodbridge, /. A. Allen. Middlesex:
Durham, Evans.

Nova Scotia to Alaska, and south to Virginia, Minnesota,
and Montana ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Evans, 32, 43.

Trichocolea Dumort.^u]rt*>tJ^ {>^ c^^^-mT. (g^J^

Trichocolea toment^lla (Ehrh.) Dumort. a 02. *~

On earth and banks in wooded swamps. Litchfield:
Norfolk, Miss Lorcna; Salisbury, Evans. Hartford: Wind-
sor, Evans. Fairfield : Danbury, Eaton. New Haven :
Beacon Falls and Branford, Evans; East Haven, Hamden, M'Xjrr
and New Haven (1865), Eaton; Orange and Woodbridge,
Evans. Middlesex: East Haddam, C. B. Graves; Killing-
worth, Hall, r^

•Newfoundland to Ontario, and south to North Carolina;
Europe ; Asia. F*-^ '^f^^^ . ^T^c .

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. EvanS, 28, 173.

Diplpphyliibia Trevis. <^^ ' i'O—

Ventral lobe apiculate; monoicous (autoicous) . . . .D. apiculata
Ventral lobe rounded; dioicous D. taxifolia

Diplophylleia apiculata Evans. Scapania albicans var.
taxifolia (Wahl.) Aust. Scapania albicans var. taxifolia minor
Aust. 5fc ^

On shaded banks, more rarely on rocks. May and June.
Litchfield: New Milford and Salisbury, Evans. Hartford:
Burlington and Canton, Nichols; Hartford, Mi^s Lorenz. Tol-
land : Bolton and Vernon, Nichols. Fairfield : Huntington, r\ q
Evans; Redding, Howe. New Haven: Beacon Falls, Evans;
Hamden, O. D. Allen; Madison, Meriden, Naugatuck, North
Haven, Orange, and Seymour, Evans; Woodbridge, Eaton.
Middlesex: Killingworth, Hall (1876). "

Southern New England to Georgia. •

Exsic. Miss Haynes, Amer. Hep. No. 33.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, 27, T,y:^, pi. 12. 28, 171.

68 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Diplophylleia taxifolia (Wahl.) Trevis. •S'^3

On shaded rocks. Litchfield: Salisbury (1890), Evans.
New Haven : Branford, Evans.

Newfoundland to Alaska, south to New England, Idaho,
and Washington; Europe; Asia. '^^ • '*"'*-^ ■ 5*0 3.

Ref. Evans, 28, 171.

Scapania Dumort.

1. Ventral lobe obtuse, acute, or apiculate, mostly entire.... 2
Ventral lobe rounded 3

2. Growing on earth or rocks; stems usually less than 2 cm.
long S. curta

Growing in bogs; stems mostly 2-10 cm. long S. irrigua

3. Growing on rocks or b^nks; leaves mostly toothed or
ciliate 4

Growing on wet rocks, usually in streams; leaves mostly
entire, the dorsal lobe arching beyond stem; leaf cells
thin-walled S. undulata

4. Bright green, varying to yellowish or brownish; dorsal
lobe arching beyond stem; leaf cells with uniformly
thickened walls except near base; leaf margins mostlj^
ciHate S. nemorosa

More or less tinged with red; dorsal lobe scarcely arching
across stem; leaf cells with thin walls but with more
or less evident trigones; leaf margins mostly dentate

S. dentata

Scapania curta (Mart.) Dumort. fco |
On rocks. New Haven: Meriden (1907), Miss Lorena.
Greenland to Alaska, south to Maryland and California;
Europe; Asia.

Scapania irrigua (Nees) Dumort. (00I
In bogs. Litchfield : Winchester, Evans. New Haven :
Bethany (1892), Evans.

Greenland to Alaska, south to New Jersey and British
A^ Columbia ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 190 (Beth-
any, F. Bement, incorrectly labeled, "Lebanon, Ct").
Ref. Evans, 28, 172. Miiller, 60, 80.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 69

Scapania nemorosa (L.) Dumort. fc'4|

On rocks and banks. May and June. Litchfield:
Goshen, Undcrzvood; Salisbury, Evans. Hartford: Hartford,
Miss Lorenz; Southington, Chamberlain. Tolland: Bolton,
Stafford, and Vernon, Nichols. Windham : Plainfield, Shel-
don; Windham, Nichols. Fairfield: Bridgeport, Miss Lor-
enz; Huntington, Evans; Redding, Miss Haynes. New /M^I^
Haven: Beacon Falls, Bethany, and Branford, Evans; Ham-
den, Eaton; Meriden and Naugatuck, Evans; New Haven
(1855), Eaton; Orange, Evans; Oxford, Harger; Seymour,
Evans; Woodbridge, Hall. Middlesex : Killingsvorth and
Middletown, Evans. New London : Norwich, C. B. Graves.

Nova Scotia to Alaska, south to Georgia, Louisiana, and
California; Europe. fhSi ^-<^--^ - ^~~ ^ *\ , ^ ^^

Ref. Eaton, 15, 71. Evans, 28, 172. Miiller, 60, 173.

Scapania dentata Dumort. ■5c^/--k oos ^ . i^^cXJ^<^^ , '^'^•
On damp rocks. Hartford: Burlington (1908), Nichols.
New England, Minnesota, Montana, British Columbia, and ^|3g"2-
California; Europe; Asia; range in North America not defi-
nitely known. QtX . ^«^^ • 3 2. "P

Scapania undulata (L.) Dumort. i»2.6

On wet rocks, usually in streams. Litchfield: Salis-
bury, Miss Lorenz. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield : Redding, Mm Haynes. New Haven : Beacon
Falls, A. H. Graves; Hamden, Eaton; North Branford, Evans; f^\ "3^^
Woodbridge (1878), 7. A. Allen. Middlesex: Chester,
Nichols. New London : Montville, C. B. Graves.

Greenland to Alaska, south to Florida, Missouri, and Cali-
fornia ; Europe ; Asia. ^^ ■ 4<^ . -S 3 3 <x , (-^ .

Ref. Evans, 28, 173. Muller, 60, 133.

Radula Dumort.

I. Plants pale or bright green; ventral lobes of stem leaves
not arching across axis, attached by a long and almost
longitudinal line; leaf cells thin-walled throughout or
with very indistinct trigones; monoicous (usually paroi-
cous) 2

<^'

70 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

plants often tinged with brown; ventral lobes of stem
leaves arching partially or whollj- across the axis, and
attached by a short oblique line; leaf cells with distinct

trigones ; dioicous R. tenax

2. Subfloral innovations usually none R. complanata '

Subfloral innovations single or double R. obconica

Radula complanata (L.) Dumort. ']o'2.

On rocks and trunks of trees. May and June. Litch-
field: Goshen, Underzuood; New Milford, Evans. Hart-
ford : Windsor, W. E. Britton. Windham : Canterbury,
£\o Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Redding, Miss Hayncs; Sherman,
Evans. New Haven : Cheshire, Harger; Hamden and New
Haven (1866), Eaton; North Haven, Orange, and Seymour,
Evans. Middlesex : Killingworth and IVIiddlefield, Evans.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 172.

Quebec to Alaska, south to Florida, Louisiana, and Cali-
fornia ; Europe ; Asia ; northern Africa.

Radula obconica Sull. ^oc

On shaded rocks in ravines. Fairfield: Redding, Evans.
New Haven: Hamden (1891), Evans; Oxford, Harger.
Middlesex: Killingworth, Nichols.

Connecticut west to Ohio and south to Georgia.

Ref. Evans, 26, 213; 28, 172.

Radula tenax Lindb. ic '\ [

On shaded rocks. Litchfield: Salisbury, Miss Lorens;
Fairfield : Redding, Miss Hayncs. New Haven : Bran-
ford and Naugatuck (1890), Evans.

New England to North Carolina. ' '

Ref. Evans, 28, 172.

Porella (Dill.) L.

1. Ventral lobes lingulate-oblong, closely appressed to the
stem or to the dorsal lobes P. pinnata

Ventral lobes broadly ovate to oblong 2

2. Ventral lobes slightly or not at all decurrent; underleaves
contiguous or slightly imbricated P. platyphylla

Ventral lobes Jong-decurrent; underleaves distant.. P. rivularis

'No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OK CONNECTICUT. Jl

Porella pinnata L. Madotheca Porella Dumort. ^It
On stones and trunks of trees, subject to inundation.
Litchfield: Goshen, Underwood. Hartford: Granby,
Nichols. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols; Greenwich, Miss j^

Hayncs; Redding, Evans. New Haven: Cheshire, Nichols; jN/\H^^
East Haven (1859), Eaton; Hamden, /. A. Allen; New
Haven, Eaton; North Branford and Orange, Evans. Mid-
dlesex : KilHngworth, Hall; Middlefield, Evans.

Nova Scotia to Ontario, south to Georgia and Louisiana ;

Europe. ^r f t

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 9. ^±£ Tf*-^ . i'a.<-f

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 172.
/ I) %vvx.^ r. * i SS

Porella platyphylla (L.) Lindb. Madotheca platyphylla
Dumort. 1X)

On shaded rocks and trunks of trees. May and June.
Litchfield: Goshen, Underwood; New Milford and SaHs- „

bury, Evans. Hartford : Southington, Chamberlain; Wind- ^ •

sor, W. E. Britton. Tolland: Bolton, Stafford, and Vernon, ^,-^
Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley; KilHngly, *
Rounds; Plainfield, Sheldon; Windham, Nichols. Fair-
field: Danbury, Eaton; Redding, Miss Haynes; Sherman, ^
Evans. New Haven: Bethany, East Haven, and Hamden j^HV^
(1858)., Eaton; Meriden, Evans; New Haven, Eaton; Orange,
Evans; Oxford, Harger. jMiddlesex : Kilhngworth, Hall.
New London : East Lyme, C. B. Graves.

Nova Scotia west to Alaska and south to Georgia and Mis-
souri ; Europe ; Asia ; northern Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 28, 172. Howe, 47, 522.

Porella rivularis (Nees) Trevis. ^31 ^c^t\JicjL<^<-*^<j<.\'^**^'^)
On shaded rocks. New Haven : Cheshire (1856), £a^o;L ctKv*-, .
Connecticut and Ohio, south to Texas and New Mexico, V

west to California, British Columbia, and Alaska; Europe. ' '
Ref. Barbour, 6, 35. Evans, 28, 172. Howe, 47, 520.

Cololejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn.
Cololejeunea Biddlecomiae (Aust.) Evans. Lejeunea
echinata and L. calcarea of some authors. ?,n^ ^ *\^ ^

72 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

On rocks and trees. May and June. Litchfield : Goshen,
Underwood; Salisbury, Evans. Hartford: Manchester and
West Hartford, Miss Lorens. Fairfield: Sherman, Nichols.
New Haven: Bethany, Evans; Hamden (1877) and New
Haven, /. A. Allen.

New England to Ontario, south to Florida and Alabama.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 25, 169; 28, 171.

"T/ V Lejeunea Libert ^a^

Lejeunea cavifolia (Ehrh.) Lindb. L. serpyllifolia Libert.

On shaded rocks and trees. May and June. Litchfield:
Salisbury, Nichols. Fairfield: Redding and Trumbull,
Evans. New Haven : Branford, Evans; Hamden and New
>f\^ Haven, /. A. Allen; Orange, Evans; Oxford, Harger; Sey-
mour, Evans. Middlesex: Killingworth (1875), Hall; Mid-
dletown, Evans.

New England west to Ontario and Minnesota and south
to Pennsylvania; Europe; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 25, 152; 28, 171.

Lfeucolejeunea Evans

Leucolejeunea cl5rpeata (Schwein.) Evans. Phragmi-
coma clypeata Nees. Archilejeunea clypeata Schiffn. c^\\

On rocks and trees. May and June. Litchfield: New
Milford and Salisbury, Evans. Fairfield: Redding, Evans.
New Haven : Cheshire, Harger; Hamden, /. A. Allen; Meri-
den. Miss Lorens; New U^ven and North Haven, Evans;
Oxford, Harger; Seymour and Woodbridge, Evans. Mid-
dlesex: Killingworth (1875), Hall.

Southern New England and New York, south to Georgia
and Louisiana.

Ref. Barbour, 7, 29. Eaton, 15, 70. Evans, 25, 124, pi.
16, f. i-ii; 28, 171.

Jubula Dumort.
^ Jubula pennsylvanica (Steph.) Evans. Friillania and
^^ 'Jubula Hutchinsia of some authors. nc^-\ ^r

f^.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 73

On damp, often dripping, rocks. Litchfield: Goshen,
Underwood; Salisbury, Evans. Hartford: Windsor, Evans.
Tolland: Stafford, Nichols. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley; Windham, Nichols. Fairfield: Redding, Miss
Haynes. New Haven : Beacon Falls and Cheshire, Evans;
Derby, /. A. Allen; Hamden (1866), Eaton; Naugatuck,
Evans; Woodbridge, Hall. Middlesex : Middletown, Evans.

Nova Scotia to Georgia and Tennessee.

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 100 (as
/. Hutchinsia: var. Sullivantii) . Miss Haynes, Amer. Hep.
No. 34. Q^-4^^..^c^

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 171 ; 31, 56.

Frullania Raddi

1. Ventral lobes about as broad as long; leaves without ocelli 2
Ventral lobes distinctly longer than broad; leaves with

ocelli ^ 6

2. Underleaves cordate at base F. plana

Underleaves not cordate at base 3

3. Leaves strongly squarrose when moist F. squarrosa

Leaves scarcely or not at all squarrose 4

4. Ventral lobes usually explanate F. riparia

Ventral lobes usually inflated 5

5. Underleaves dentate or crenate above the middle. .F. Brittoniae
Underleaves entire or unidentate on the sides.. F. eboracensis

6. Dorsal lobes rounded or very obtuse F. Asagrayana

Dorsal lobes more or less sharp-pointed F. Tamarisci

Frullania riparia Hampe. 1*1*^

On shaded rocks, especially limestone. Litchfield: New
Milford, Evans; Salisbury, Nichols. Fairfield: Sherman
and Trumbull (1891), Evans. New Haven: Orange, Evans, i ]^

New England to Minnesota, south to Tennessee; Europe;
Asia.

Ref. Evans, 22, pi. 5, f. j, 4, 5; 2Z, lyi.

Frullania squarrosa (R. Bl. & N.) Dumort.
On rocks and trees. New Haven: East Haven (1890),
Evans, m t

P\0

74 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Connecticut to Ohio, and south into the tropics of South
America; Asia; Africa; AustraHa.

Ref. Barbour, 5, 4. Evans, 22, 15; 28, 171.

Frullania Brittoniae Evans. 1 i ^

On rocks and trees. May and June. Litchfield: New
Milford, Evans. New Haven : Hamden, /. A. Allen; Meri-
den, Evans; New Haven (1866), Eaton.
^AO New England west to IlHnois, south to Virginia.

Ref. Barbour, 5, 5. Evans, 22, 16, pi. 7, /. 1-12; 28, 171.

Frullania eboracensis Gottsche. Including F. virginica
Gottsche.1'l\
-vav^^*'^ On trees and rocks. May and June. Litchfield: Corn-
if"^ wall, Green; Goshen, Underwood; New Milford and Salis-
v^ bury, Evans. Tolland: Stafford and Vernon, Nichols.
Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley; Plainfield, Sheldon.
Fairfield: Greenwich, Miss Haynes; Huntington, Nichols;
Sherman, Evans. New Haven : Bethany, Evans; East
A,0 Haven, Eaton; Hamden, Hall; Milford, Harger; New Haven
(1866), Eaton; North Haven, /. A. Allen; Orange, Eaton;
Oxford, Harger ;_ Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex : Chester
and Killingworth, Nichols. New London : Groton, C. B.
Graves; Ledyard, Nichols.

Nova Scotia to Manitoba, south to Florida.
Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 171 ; 32, 44.

Frullania plana Sull. 1 Ho
K On shaded rocks. New Haven: Woodbridge (1890),

\ Evans.

Connecticut and New York, south to New Jersey and
Tennessee.

Ref. Barbour, 4, 5. Evans, 22, 20; 28, 171.

^0 Frullania Asagrayana Mont. Sometimes called F.

^f t Graxana. 1 ^l

y.

On rocks and trees. Litchfield : New Milford and Salis-
bury, Evans. Tolland : Stafiford, Nichols. Windham : Can-

I^\HH'S

No. II.] THE BRVOI'HYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 75

terbury, Mrs. Hadlcy. Fairfield: Redding and Sherman,
Evans. New Haven : East Haven, Madison, and Meriden,
Evans; New Haven (1855), Eaton; Orange and Woodbridge,
Harger. Middlesex : Killingworth, Hall.

Newfoundland to Ontario, south to Georgia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 171.

Frullania Tamarisci (L.) Dumort. 1*^^

On rocks and trees. New Haven: Seymour (1904),
Evans.

Newfoundland to Connecticut; Europe; Asia. Range not
definitely known in North America.

Ref. Evans, 33, 72.

ORDER ANTHOCEROTALES
FAMILY ANTHOCEROTACE.^

Capsule scarcely projecting beyond the basal sheath; wall
without stomata Notothylas

Capsule projecting far beyond the basal sheath; wall with
distinct stomata Anthoceros

Notothylas Sull.

Notothylas orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull. N'. valvata Sull.

On moist soil. Aug.-Nov. Litchfield: Goshen, Under-
wood. New Haven : Cheshire and East Haven, Evans; Ham-
den (1877) and New Haven, O. D. Allen; Orange, Evans.
Middlesex: Middlefield, Evans. New London: Norwich,
Setchell.

New England to Indiana, south to North Carolina; South
America (Galapagos Islands); Europe. ^3^«'V. '^iju»yf«-^,v-f-^ \-t •

Exsic. Underwood & Cook, Hep. Amer. No. 65.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 173. Howe, 48, 22.

Anthoceros (Mich.) L.

Spores yellow A. levis

Spores dark brown or black A. punctatus

Anthoceros levis L.

On moist ground and damp or wet rocks. Aug.-Nov.
Litchfield : Goshen, Undcrzvood. New Haven : Hamden

=» M -i X ) Qjcn^ Ra^< ^ Ltit^ ^^\-^ M♦^<^rt,

76 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

(1855), Eaton; New Haven, /. A. Allen; North Branford,
Evans; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex:
Cromwell, Evans. New London : Lisbon, Mrs. Hadley.

New England and Ontario, south to the Gulf States and
Mexico and west to Iowa; Europe; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 69. Evans, 28, 173.

Anthoceros punctatus L.

On damp ground. Aug.-Nov. Litchfield: Goshen,
Underwood. Windham : Plainfield, Sheldon. New Haven :
East Haven, North Branford, and Orange, Evans; Oxford,
i/ar^^r; Woodbridge (1879), 7. ^. ^//^-w. Middlesex: Mid-
dlefield, Evans.

Nova Scotia to Ohio, south to Florida and Louisiana;
Europe.

Ref, Evans, 28, 173. Howe, 48, 16.

[Subclass Musci]

ORDER SPHAGNALES

FAMILY SPHAGNACE^

Sphagnum (Dill.) L.

1. Cortical cells of stem and branches without spiral fibrils;

branch leaves mostly truncate and toothed or fringed at

the apex 3

Cortical cells of stem and branches with spiral fibrils and
pores; branch leaves densely imbricated, cucullate at the
apex, not truncate, entire (Cymbifolia, p. 80) 28

2. Branches in fascicles of 3-6 3

Branches in fascicles of 7-14; chlorophyll cells of branch

leaves elliptical in cross section and enclosed toward
both surfaces of the leaf by the hyaline cells* (Polyclada,
p. 81) S. Wulfianum

3. Chlorophyll cells mostly triangular to trapezoidal in cross

section, either free at both surfaces of the leaf or
enclosed toward one leaf surface by the hyaline cells,
but always with the base free toward one of the two
leaf surfaces 4

* What is said here regarding the form and position of the chlorophyll cells
refers always to median cross sections of leaves taken from the middle of one of
the spreading branches.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. TJ

Chlorophyll cells elliptical, spindle-shaped, or rectangular
in cross section, not triangular or trapezoidal (except in
S. dasyphyllutu) 20

4. Base toward the inner surface of the leaf; hyaline cells

strongly convex toward the outer surface; branch leaves

erect (Acutifolia, p. 83) 5

Base toward the outer surface of the leaf; hyaline cells
usually strongly convex toward the inner surface 13

5. Stem leaves lacerate-fringed at the broadly rounded apex,

without fibrils 6

Stem leaves more or less truncate and toothed at the apex,
not fringed 7

6. Stem leaves broadened above, spatulate, apex and upper

margins fringed; monoicous S. fimbriatum

Stem leaves not broadened above, Ungulate, fringed only
at the apex; dioicous S. Girgensohnii

7. Stem leaves lingulate, fibrils usually absent, though some-

times present in the upper part of the leaf 8

Stem leaves triangularly lingulate to equilaterally tri-
angular, usually with fibrils lO

8. Plants usually red, never brown 9

Plants usually brown, never red; pores as in 5". Warnstorfii;

stem leaves without fibrils S. fuscum

9. Pores present on outer surface of the branch leaves, small,

round, and situated in the cell angles; stem leaves with-
out fibrils S. Warnstorfii

Pores present on outer surface of the lower branch leaves,
large, more or less semicircular, and situated along the
lateral margins of the cells; stem leaves frequently with

fibrils S. rubellum

ID. Branch leaves when dry distinctly s-ranked;. outer wall of
cortical cells in stem often with irregular pores in the
upper ends of the cells S. qiiinquefarium

Branch leaves when dry not arranged in distinct rows. ... 11

11. Stem leaves with fibrils and pores; branch leaves not

glossy when dry 12

Stem leaves mostly without fibrils or pores; branch leaves
glossy when dry ; cortical cells of stem seldom with
pores; hyaline cells of stem leaves usually 2-6-septate

S. subnitens

12. Outer wall of cortical cells in stem often with irregular

pores in the upper ends of the cells; hyaline cells of
stem leaves not divided, or, if so, uniseptate. .S. acutifolium
Cortical cells in stem without pores; hyaline cells of stem
leaves copiously divided by oblique walls S. tenerum

78 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

13. Chlorophyll cells narrowly trapezoidal or rectangular in

cross section, free at both surfaces, but with the surface

walls strongly thickened (Squarrosa, p. 81) 14

Chlorophyll cells with the free walls scarcely, if at all,
thickened; branch leaves erect-spreading* (Cuspidata, p.
82) 15

14. Plants large, monoicous; branch leaves mostly squarrose

from the middle S. squarrosum

Plants medium-sized, dioicous; branch leaves more or less
imbricated, not squarrose S. teres

15. Chlorophyll cells triangular in cross section, often enclosed

toward the inner leaf surface by the hyaline cells 17

Chlorophyll cells trapezoidal in cross section and free on
both surfaces 16

16. Pores numerous on outer surface of the branch leaves,

frequently large and usually in rows S. Dusenii

Pores mostly lacking on outer surface of the branch
leaves, when present, small and restricted to the angles
of the cells S. cuspidatum

17. Cortex well differentiated from the central strand 18

Cortex not well differentiated from the central strand.... 19-

18. Stem leaves lacerate-fringed at the apex S. Pulchricoma

Stem leaves toothed at the apex S. Torreyanum

19. Pores on outer surface of the branch leaves in the apical

half restricted to the angles of the cells S. recurvum

Pores on outer surface of the branch leaves in the apical
half occurring in the angles and also along the lateral
margins of the cells S. parvifolium

20. Chlorophyll cells enclosed toward one or both surfaces of

the leaf by the hyaline cells, elliptical or spindle-shaped
in cross section; branch leaves squarrose from the

middle (Rigida, p. 81 ) 21

Chlorophyll cells free toward both surfaces of the leaf;
branch leaves more or less secund or falcate (Sub-
SECUNDA, p. 85) 22

21. Chlorophyll cells elliptical in cross section and enclosed

toward both leaf surfaces by the hyaline cells

S. compactum
Chlorophyll cells spindle-shaped in cross section and
enclosed toward the inner surface of the leaf by the
hyaline cells; the outer wall free, but very strongly
thickened S, Garberi

• S. dasyphyllum may be looked for here.

No, H^H^^Il?. BRYOFHYTES CV CONNECTICUT. 79

22. Chlorophyll cells trapezoidal in cross section; the walls
not thickened, and the broad base toward the outer
surface of tbe leaf; hyaline cells strongly convex toward

the inner surface S. dasyphyllum

Chlorophyll cells barrel-shaped to rectangular in cross
section, equally free toward both surfaces, and with the

free walls usually thickened 23

2^. Cortex of stem consisting of 2-several layers of cells.... 24
Cortex of stem consisting of one layer of cells 25

24. Stem leaves small, not more than i mm. long, fibrils

present only near the apex; branch leaves secund....

S. contortum
Stem leaves larger, 1.5-2 mm. long, fibrils usually abundant
throughout; branch leaves not secund S. platyphyllum

25. Branch leaves with many pores, at least on the outer

surface; pores frequently in bead-like rows 26

Branch leaves with very few or no pores S. obesum

26. Pores few or lacking on the inner surface 27

Pores numerous on both surfaces, especially on the outer;

stem leaves' 1-2 mm. long S, rufescens

2y. Stem leaves less than i mm. long, hyaline cells rarely

septate S. subsecundum,

Stem leaves 1-1.5 mm. long, hyaline cells often septate

S. inundatum

28. Chlorophyll cells of branch leaves usually free toward

both surfaces of the leaf 29

Chlorophyll cells of branch leaves enclosed by the hyaline
cells, equidistant from both surfaces of the leaf, and
elliptical in cross section; hyaline cells smooth or
faintly papillose on the lateral walls S. medium

29. Chlorophyll cells triangular or trapezoidal in cross section,

the base toward the inner surface of the leaf and not
thickened; hyaline cells strongly convex toward the

outer surface 30

Chlorophyll cells more or less elliptical in cross section,
cell cavity almost central, and both surface walls
strongly thickened; hyaline cells more strongly convex
toward the outer surface of the leaf than toward the

inner surface, and papillose on the lateral walls

S. papillosum

30. Chlorophyll cells broadly triangular to trapezoidal; hyaline

cells with irregular bands of thickening on the lateral

walls S. imbricatum

Chlorophyll cells narrowly triangular; hyaline cells smooth
on the lateral walls S. cymbifolium

jc*.4*,«*- y^i,*t^ -yC <^-»'-<^<--c^^.«^i, ->^^. UAd^U-oJ^^ KU^.ii'' 3_4^«^C^

rf-' 3T'>^f,. /^v<N-* uy»K .>«V. c„Ja^ .

80 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT ; HIS'^. SURVEY. [Bull.

tWxJ.ia.c^ ^...^ o^ i^---^ ^*^-<^ -^c/^ i-'-^-^, ^^l^.
,,v la, •. 10 : (I ^H ^t"^*-*^-*^ - Cymbifolia u,ciE»,V^>^u<: Vu^-M 37.'/^'^

Sphagnum imbricatum HomscJh..

Hartford : Canton, Nichols. Tolland : Stafford, Nichols.
Windham : Thompson, Miller. New Haven : East Haven
and New Haven (1891), Evans. New London: Voluntown,
Miller.

Var. affine (Ren. & Card.) Warnst.

Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Tolland: Stafford,
Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New
Haven: Beacon Falls, Nichols; East Haven (1875), Eaton;
Hamden, New Haven, North Haven, Orange, and Wood-
bridge, Evans. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New.
London : Ledyard, Nichols.

Var. subleve Warnst.

Litchfield ? Salisbury, Nichols. New Haven : New
Haven (1891), Evans.

Newfoundland and Labrador to Alaska, south to Louisi-
ana ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. No, 154 (var.
aMne).

Ref. Andrews, i, 62.

Sphagnum

Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Tolland: Ellington,
Pease. Fairfield: Norwalk, Harger. New Haven: Beth-
any and Branford, Eaton; East Haven and Hamden, Evans;
New Haven (1878), Eaton; Oxford, Harger. New Lon-
don : Waterford, Mm Lorens.

Var. squarrosulum Nees & Hornsch. Sj«-i. U]X.y<;u j? .<^'^^^'-*<.

New Haven: Branford, Eaton; East Haven (1891),
Evans; Hamden, Eaton.

Newfoundland and Labrador to Alaska, south to Florida
and British Columbia; a cosmopolitan.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. Nos. 156, 157
(var. glaucescens) , i6q, and 161 (var. pallescens).

Ref. Andrews, i, 62. Eaton, 15, 68.

'A'b ^^i'^^"' Sphagnum papillosum Lindb.

^^^ Tolland : Stafford, Nichols. New Haven : East Haven

V<^" ■ (1891), Evans.

:ews, I, o^i.

cymbifolium Ehrh. C- f *2**^ LA

1: Salisbury, Nichols. Tolland: ElHi

No. II.] THE BRYOrHYTES OF CONNECTICUT,

Newfoundland and Labrador to Alaska, south to Alabama
and Washington ; Europe.

Sphagnum medium Limpr. (^- /uixo'i^oLcj^^^^.*.**.*^^ V^«^.

Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Tolland: Stafford,
Nichols. Windham: Thompson, Miller. New Haven: ilT*
Bethany, Hamden, and New Haven (1890), Evans; ^'^^^^^^^^'^i^^^T^^,
Harger. New London : Ledyard, C. B. Graves. J

Newfoundland and Labrador to Alaska, south to Florida;
South America ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. Nos. 166
(var. roseum), i6y (var. purpurascens) , and 168 (var. versi-
color) .

Ref. Andrews, i, 63.

RiGIDA

Sphagnum compactum DC.

In wet woods. New Haven: Beacon Falls (1907),
Nichols.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States;
Europe ; Asia ; Madeira Islands.

Sphagnum Garberi Lesq. & James var. squarrosulum
Warn St. * - S . ^>H\, cXU>uu^ ^K^JJi .

New Haven : Naugatuck (igos), Evans.
Newfoundland to Florida; Europe.

Polyclada

Sphagnum Wulfianum Girgens.

In swampy woods. Litchfield: Salisbury (1907),
Nichols; Winchester, Miss Lorens.

Greenland to Connecticut, westward to the Rocky Moun-
tains ; Europe ; Asia.

SgUARkbSA

Sphagnum squarrosum Pers. var. speclablie Russ.
Deep wooded swamps. Litchfield: Salisbury (1907),
Nichols.'^

* S. squarrosum was reported from Hamden by Hall in the Berzelius List
(Eaton, 15, 68), but the specimens have been lost sight of.
6

82 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States;
Europe; Asia; Azores.

Sphagnum teres (Schimp.) Aongstr.

Tolland: Bolton (1906), Nichols. New Haven : Cheshire,
Nichols.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe; Asia.

CUSPIDATA

Sphagnum Pulchriccma C. Miill.
"^ New London: Ledyard (1884), C. B. Graves; Voluntown,

Miller.

Connecticut to Florida and Louisiana ; South America ;
Africa.

"^ _ Sphagnum Torreyanum Sull. 6^. cuspidatum var. Torrey-
E^ltV .p-c<^(ifin.yfi Braithw. and var. miquelonense Ren. & Card.

New Haven: Branford (1891), Evans. New London:
Voluntown, Miller.

Ref. Andrews, i, 62. ^^ -^ ^tk\«'i.)

''o--^ ^^^7 Sphagnum recurvum ^€aHv. - S. o^|/^CaaJ-^^Xuxwv\//. /^d^ir-
^^ Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols; Woodbury, Harger.

o _^^^^^:7New Haven: East Haven and Hamden (1891), Evans;
"C^ Oxford, Harger. . -

^^^Jl<Vfr^ Var. amblyphyllum (Russ.) Warnst. -^ --^W*- . tv^ • '— ttj /'^ • "*'».
vP*^ Litchfield: Salisbury, Mc/10/.y. New Haven -. Bethany,

. Evans; East Haven, Eaton; Hamden (1880), /. A. Allen.

Newfoundland and Labrador to Alaska, south to the Gulf
of Mexico; a cosmopolitan.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. Nos. 104
(var, mucronatum) and 107 (var. amblyphyllum) . Warnstorf,
Eur. Torfm. Scrie IV, No. 263 (var. mucronatum).
Ref. Andrews, i, 63.

Sphagnum parvifolium (Sendt.) Warnst. luft 4^^^'^ "* ^•'^
, Litchfield: Salisbury (1907), Nichols. (^^^I^^^IT^^

Probablv has the same range as S. recurvum. ^ ^ ' '

K

>N' I/O. ^y

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 83

Sphagnum Dusenii C. Jens.

Litchfield: Salisbury (1907), Nichols.
Newfoundland and Quebec to Connecticut and New York ;
Europe ; Asia.

Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh.

Frequently submerged. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols;
Woodbury, Harger. New Haven : Bethany, Eaton; East
Haven, Evans; Hamden (1880), O. D. Allen; Oxford, Harger.

Var. falcatum Russ. 1^*^v-. ^ iV^^tf.. ^. ^^-^

New Haven: Bethany and Hamden (1892), Evans.

Var. plumosum Nees & Hornsch. "^a^^*.. ^ (l ■ c ■ [j.'^'f

New Haven: Bethany and Hamden (1891), Evans.

Newfoundland to the Gulf of Mexico; a cosmopolitan.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. Nos. 93 (var.
Jalcatum) , 96 (var. submersum), and 97 (var. plumosum) .

Ref. Andrews, i, 62.

Acutifolia

Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils.

New Haven: Hamden (1891), Evans.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
South America; Europe; Asia.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. No. 11 (var.
tenue).

Ref. Andrews, i, 62.

Sphagnum Girgensohnii Russ.

Litchfield: Norfolk (1875), Eaton; Salisbury, Nichols.
New Haven : Hamden, O. D. Allen.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States;
Europe; Asia.

Ref. Andrews, i, 62. Cardot, 11, 305.

Sphagnum rubellum Wils. S. tenellum (Schimp.)
Klinggr.

Litchfield : Salisbury, Nichols. New Haven : Bethany
(1892), Evans; Oxford, Harger.

^-J*^

84 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Newfoundland and Labrador to Connecticut, westward to
Alaska ; Europe.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. Nos. 29 and 31
(van versicolor) .

Ref. Andrews, i, 63. Cardot, 11, 409. Eaton, 18, 3.

Sphagnum Warnstorfii Russ.

Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Tolland: Stafford,
Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New
Haven: Hamden (1891), Evans; Middlebury, Harger.

Newfoundland to Connecticut, westward to the Pacific;
Europe.

Ref. Andrews, i, 63. Cardot, 11, 419.

Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr.
New Haven: New Haven (1893), Eaton.
Canada and the northern United States; Europe.
ExsiC'. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. No. 35.
Ref. Andrews, i, 62. Eaton, 18, 3.

Sphagnum quinquefarium (Lindb.) Warnst.
New Haven: Hamden and New Haven (1890), Evans.
Newfoundland to Connecticut, and southward along the
Alleghany Mountains; Europe.

Ref. Cardot, 11, 366. Eaton, 18, 3.

Sphagnum subnitens Russ. & Warnst.

New Haven: Hamden (1891), Evans; New Haven,
Eaton.

Var. flavicomans (Card.) Warnst. - C.-^^^o^Ccw.,.*.*^
J New Haven: Bethany, East Haven (1891), and New

Haven, Evans.

Newfoundland to New Jersey; Alaska; Azores; Europe;
Asia; the variety found only in North America.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. Nos. 51 (var.
Uavicomans) and 54 (var. ohscurum).

Ref. Andrews, i, 62, (var. Havicomans) . Cardot, 11,
399-

•y^

">

No. II.l TliK BRVOPIIYTES OF CONNECTICUT. . 85 I

Sphagnum tenerum (Aust.) Warnst. (c^^»-"-) ^^"^

New Haven: East Haven and Hamden (1891), Evans; -^
New Haven, Eaton.

Newfoundland to New Jersey; Europe.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. No. 60.
Warnstorf, Eur. Torfm. Serie IV, No. 363.

Ref. Andrews, i, 63. Cardot, 11, 410.

Sphagnum acutifolium Ehrh.

Litchfield: Salisbury, Mrs. Phelps. Hartford: Canton, a
Nichols. Tolland : Stafford, Nichols. New Haven : Bethany,
Eaton; Branford, East Haven, and Hamden, Evans; New
Haven (1865), Eaton; Oxford, Harger.

Throughout North America ; Europe.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. Nos. 40 (var.
rubrum), 44 (var. versicolor), 48 (var. viride), and 50 (var.
roseum ) .

Ref. Andrews, i, 62.

SUBSECUNDA

Sphagnum dasyphyllum Warnst.

New Haven: New Haven (1891), Evans. This is the
only known locality.

Exsic. Warnstorf, Eur. Torfm. Serie IV, No. 338.

Ref. Andrews, i, 62. Cardot, 11, 287. Eaton, 18, 7.
Paris, 61, 1189; 62*, 273. Renauld & Cardot, 65, 68. Warn-
storf, 78, 176.

Sphagnum obesum (Wils.) Warnstr^^^J^^TB^^^^

Usually submerged or floating, Litchfield: Woodbury,,^ u..Jfi
Harger. New Haven: Branford (1891) and Hamden, "
Evans; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Evans.

New Hampshire to Virginia; Europe.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. No. 127.

Ref. Andrews, i, 6^. Cardot, 11, 344. Paris, 62*, 289.

Sphagnum contortum Schultz. 6". laricinum Spruce.

Litchfield : Woodbury, Harger. New Haven : New
Haven (1891), North Branford, and Orange, Evans; Oxford,
Harger; Prospect, Eaton; Woodbridge, Evans.

86 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Massachusetts to Pennsylvania and probably southward;
Europe.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. No. 141.
Ref. Andrews, i, 62. Cardot, 11, 320.

Sphagnum platyphyllum (Lindb.) Warnst.
New Haven: New Haven (1891), Evans.
Massachusetts to Ohio; Europe.
Ref. Andrews, i, 63.

Sphagnum subsecundum Nees.

Tolland: Ellington (i8y6), Pease. Windham: Thomp-
son, Miller. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols. New Haven:
Branford, Cheshire, East Haven, Hamden, and Orange, Evans;
Oxford, Eaton.

Newfoundland to Ohio and Alabama ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. Nos. 130 (var.
macro phyllum) and 134 (var. mesophyllum).

Ref. Andrews, i, 63.

Sphagnum inundatum Russ. :^«--'^^i>*— (fiu.^) Uha^
-j^v Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Tolland: Staflfora,

r^^^^ANichols. Fairfield: Stratford (1906), Nichols. Middle-
sex : Killingworth, Nichols.

Range probably the same as that of S.^subsecnndum.

Sphagnum rufescens (Nees & Hornsch.) Warnst.
Frequently submerged. New Haven: Hamden (1891)
and New Haven, Evans; Oxford, Eaton; Woodbridge, Evans.
Newfoundland and Labrador to Alabama ; Europe.
Exsic. Eaton & Faxon, Sphag. Bor.-Amer. Nos. 142 and

143-

Ref. Andrews, i, 63. Eaton, 18, 7.

ORDER andre.^:ales

FAMILY ANDRE/EACE^

Andreaea Ehrh.

Midrib present A. Rothii

.Midrib wanting A. petrophila

No. II.] THE BRYOPIiVrES OF CONNECTICUT. 8/

Andreaea petrophila Ehrh.

On non-calcareous rocks in mountainous or hilly regions.
Summer. Hartford: Bloomfield, Miss Lorcnz. New
Haven: Meriden, Miss Lorens; Woodbridge (1878), /. A.
Allen.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
South America ; Europe ; Asia ; Tasmania ; New Zealand.

Andreaea Rothii Web. f. & Mohr.

On non-calcareous rocks in mountainous or hilly regions.
Summer. Litchfield : Salisbury, Nichols. New Haven :
Beacon Falls, Evans; Branford, Eaton; Oxford, Harger;
.Woodbridge (1887), Setchell.

Newfoundland to Alabama and Tennessee ; Greenland ;
Europe.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 153.

ORDER BRYALES

Sporophyte borne at the apex of the stem or of a more

or less elongated branch acrocarpi, p. 87

Sporophyte borne on a very short branch, .pleurocarpi, p. 91

[Acrocarpi]

1. Capsule almost never opening by means of a lid 2

Capsule opening by means of a clearly defined lid 8

2. Green protonema persistent; plants fruiting in autumn. . . .

Ephemerum, p. 116
Green protonema not persistent; plants fruiting in spring 3

3. Spores few (16-20) and very large, sometimes 0.2 mm.

in diameter Archidium, p. 95

Spores numerous and small, rarely more than 0.05 mm. in

diameter 4

4. Leaf margins plane or involute 5

Leaf margins more or less revolute 7

5. Capsule pyriform Bruchia, p. 95

Capsule ovoid-globose 6

6. Leaves smooth Pleuridium, p. 96

Leaves papillose; a rudimentary lid present but persistent

Astomum, p. 106

88 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

7. Leaves smooth, eroso-denticulate at the apex

Acaulon, p. 108
Leaves papillose, entire Phascum, p. 108

8. Peristome, when present, with articulate teeth 9

Peristome teeth not articulate 53

9. Peristome present 10

Peristome none 48

ID. Leaves in 2 ranks, clasping at the base, and with a promi-
nent dorsal wing H

Leaves in 3 or more ranks, not clasping at the base or
winged 12

11. Plants flaccid, aquatic, floating Octodiceras, p. 105

Plants not flaccid, sometimes submerged, but not floating

Fissidens, p. 103

12. Leaves with a single layer of small chlorophyll cells

enclosed by two or more layers of large hyaline cells

Leucobryum, p. 102
Leaves mostly with a single layer of uniform cells 13

13. Peristome single, consisting of 16 or 32 teeth; teeth

usually without a median longitudinal line on the outer

surface 14

Peristome double, the outer more or less thickened and
consisting of 16 teeth, the inner thin and divided into
segments or cilia or both; teeth with a distinct median
longitudinal line on the outer surface 33

14. Capsule with 8 longitudinal ridges of differentiated cells

Rhabdoweisia, p. 99
Capsule smooth or, when plicate, the epidermis of
uniform cell structure 15

15. Peristome teeth with very minute longitudinal striations

on the outer surface 16

Peristome teeth without longitudinal striations on the
outer surface, smooth or papillose 19

16. Alar cells large, hyaline or brown 17

Alar cells not differentiated 18

17. Leaves tufted; capsule distinctly strumose; monoicous. .

Oncophorus, p. 99
Leaves regularly secund; capsule not strumose or ob-
scurely so; dioicous Dicranum, p. 100

18. Lamina of leaves strongly papillose Dichodontium, p. 99

Lamina of leaves smooth Dicranella, p. 98

19. Peristome distinctly twisted, teeth 32 20

Peristome not twisted, teeth 16, often deeply cleft 22

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 89

20. Midrib with 2 median guides, upper band of stereid cells

lacking Tortula, p. 109

Midrib with several (4-8) median guides and 2 bands

of stereid cells 2i

21. Leaf margins revolute, at least below the middle

Barbula, p. to8

Leaf margins plane, not revolute Tortella, p. 107

22. Calyptra mitrate 23

Calyptra cucullate 27

23. Calyptra plicate 24

Calyptra not plicate 25

24. Calyptra smooth; teeth distantly articulate

Glyphomitrium, p. no

Calyptra hairy; teeth closely articulate. . .Orthotrichum, p. 113

25. Beak long, clavate Encaljrpta ciliata, p. no

Beak apiculate to aciculate 26

26. Teeth narrowly cleft nearly to the base. .Racomitrium, p. 112
Teeth subentire, cribrose or irregularly cleft. .Grimmia, p. iii

27. Teeth of peristome arising from a distinct basal membrane 28
Teeth of peristome not arising from a basal membrane. ... 31

28. Teeth short; leaves papillose on upper surface

Didsmiodon, p. 108

Teeth long; leaves mostly smooth 29

29. Capsule inclined, distinctly plicate when dry; leaf cells

roundish quadrate above Ceratodon, p. 97

Capsule erect, smooth or slightly plicate when dry; leaf

cells more or less elongated above 30

30. Leaves glaucous Saelania, p. 97

Leaves bright or dark green, glossy Ditrichum, p. 96

31. Plants growing on trees Drummondia, p. 113

Plants growing on earth or rocks 32

32. Leaf margins strongly involute above, entire. . .Weisia, p. 106
Leaf margins plane, minutely crenulate. .Trichostomum, p. 107

33. Inner peristome without a basal membrane 34

Inner peristome with a distinct carinate basal membrane. . 37

34. Calyptra cucullate Funaria, p. i \^

Calyptra mitrate 35

35. Calyptra not plicate, smooth, entirely enclosing and

extending below the base of the capsule

Encalypta contorta, p. 1 10
Calyptra plicate, usually hairy and partially enclosing the

capsule 36

90 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

36. Leaves usually crispate when dry, base oval; stomata in

neck of capsule, always superficial Ulota, p. 115

Leaves not crispate when dry, base not oval; stomata in

neck and upper part of capsule, mostly immersed

Orthotrichum, p. 113

ZT- Capsule distinctly ribbed when dry 38

Capsule smooth, not ribbed when dry 41

38. Capsule ovoid-cylindrical Aulacomnium, p. 125

Capsule subglobose 39

39. Cilia well developed Philonotis, p. 127

Cilia none, or very rudimentary 40

40. Leaf cells smooth Plagiopus, p. 126

Leaf cells papillose Bartramia, p. 127

41. Leaves papillose on upper surface Timmia, p. 127

Leaves smooth 42

42. Inner peristome 2-3 times as long as the outer, cilia

rudimentary Meesea, p. 126

Inner peristome about as long as the outer, cilia well
developed 43

43. Cilia appendiculate 44

Cilia smooth or nodose, not appendiculate. 46

44. Leaf cells narrow, linear-rhomboidal above

Leptobryum, p. 117
Leaf cells rhomboidal-hexagonal, never linear 45

45. Plants stoloniferous; capsules clustered. . .Rhodobryum, p. 120
Plants not stoloniferous; capsules borne singly. .Bryum, p. 119

46. Upper leaves ovate; cells broadly polygonal, never linear

Mnium, p. 121
Upper leaves linear-lanceolate; cells narrowly polygonal
to linear above 47

47. Leaves glaucous green; annulus none Mniobryum, p. 118

Leaves green to golden yellow, often glossy; annulus

present Pohlia, p. 1 18

48. Plants growing on rocks or in crevices 49

Plants growing on earth 51

49. Leaves without a midrib; stalk less than i mm. long; lid

apiculate Hedwigia, p. 128

Leaves with a midrib; stalk 2-10 mm. long; lid rostrate. ... 50

50. Usually growing on calcareous rocks; capsule smooth

Hymenostylium, p. 106
Usually growing on non-calcareous rocks; capsule ribbed

Ancectangium, p. 112

No. II.] THE liRVOl'llVTES OF CONNECTICUT. QI

51. Leaf cells isodiametric above the middle; calyptra

cucullate Pottia, p. 109

Leaf cells elongated above the middle; calyptra mitrate 52

52. Stalk almost lacking Aphanorrhegma, p. 117

Stalk long (to 2 cm.) Physcomitrium, p. 117

53. Capsule symmetrical or nearly so 54

Capsule strikingly unsymmetrical 57

54. Teeth of peristome 4 Georgia, p. 172

Teeth of peristome 32 or 64 55

55. Calyptra cucullate, nearly smooth Catharinaea, p. 172

Calyptra mitrate, densely hairy 56

56. Capsule without stomata, cylindrical Pogonatum, p. 174

Capsule with stomata, prismatic or cylindrical

Polytrichum, p. 174

57. Capsule sessile; leaves green and conspicuous. .Webera, p. 171
Capsule raised on a thick, red stalk; leaves colorless and

very minute Buxbaumia, p. 172

[Pleurocarpi]

1. Leaves distichous Fiissidens, p. 103

Leaves in 3 or more ranks 2

2. Segments of inner peristome rudimentary or filiform, not

split ; cilia none 3

Segments of inner peristome distinctly carinate, often split

along the keel 10

3. With a distinct, carinate basal membrane, segments very

rudimentary; leaves papillose Thelia, p. 135

Without a basal membrane; leaves smooth or nearly so.. 4

4. Segments connected, at least in the apical region, by

transverse bands 5

Segments entirely free, sometimes very rudimentary 6

5. Leaves with an excurrent midrib Dichelyma, .p. 130

Leaves without a midrib Fontinalis, p. 128

6. Leaves complanate, transversely undulate Neckera, p. 131

Leaves spreading, not transversely undulate 7

7. Plants soft, often forming wide, velvety tufts; capsule

strikingly contracted below the mouth when dry

Anacamptodon, p. 134
Plants coarse, growing in lax, frequently pendent tufts;

capsule not contracted below the mouth when dry 8

8. Leaves with a midrib 9

Leaves without a midrib Leucodon, p. 130

92 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bllll.

g. Branches terete; capsule immersed Cryphaea, p. 130

Branches flattened; capsule emergent on a short stalk. . . .

Forrstroemia, p. 131

10. Leaves mostly rough-papillose il

Leaves smooth, rarely slightly papillose at the cell angles. 21

11. Capsule symmetrical, erect or nearly so 12

Capsule unsymmetrical, arcuate 16

12. Leaves with a midrib, margin usually entire 13

Leaves without a midrib IS

13. Midrib extending nearly to apex of leaf 14

Midrib A^anishing at middle of leaf or below

Haplohymenium, p. 136

14. Primary stem stoloniform; stem leaves minute

Anomodon, p. 137
Stem not stoloniform; stem and branch leaves uniform

Leskea, p. 138

15. Plants glaucous green, iiranches julaceous; leaves closely

imbricated ; cilia two Myurella, p. 136

Plants light green, branches slightly flattened; leaves

loosely appressed; cilia none. . . .Schwetschkeopsis, p. 132

16. Monoicous 17

Dioicous 20

17. Stem and branch leaves dififering in size and shape; leaf

cells with several minute papillae 18

Stem and branch leaves similar in size and shape; leaf

cells with one, rarely two papillae, or smooth 19

18. Lid short-rostrate; paraphyllia multiform Rauia, p. 139

Lid long-rostrate; paraphyllia simple Thuidium, p. 140

19. Leaf cells smooth or lightly papillate; plants of swampy

woods or meadows Elodium, p. 142

Leaf cells strongly papillate on both surfaces; plants of

moist woods Haplocladium, p. 139

20. Stem and branch leaves similar in size and shape; para-

phyllia mostly lacking Claopodium, p. 140

Stem and branch leaves differing in size and shape; para-
phyllia numerous Thuidium, p. 140

21. Stem erect from a creeping caudex, dendroid; capsules

clustered 22

Stem prostrate or ascending; capsules borne singly 23

22. Cilia lacking Climacium, p. 170

Cilia well developed, appendiculate Thamnium, p. 171

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 93

23. Capsule symmetrical, erect or nearly so; inner peristome

without cilia 24

Capsule unsymmetrical, more or less inclined and curved;
inner peristome arising from a broad basal membrane;
cilia well developed 29

24. Branches strongly complanate; leaves cultriform

Homalia, p. 132
Branches terete or somewhat flattened; leaves ovate to
lanceolate 25

25. Segments either partially or wholly lining the teeth, basal

' membrane lacking or obscure 26

Segments entirely free from the teeth 2^

26. Leaves with a midrib; stalk rough. .. .Homalothecium, p. 134
Leaves without a midrib; stalk smooth Pylaisia, p. 133

27. Basal membrane broad and distinct

Pylaisia subdenticulata, p. 134
Basal membrane very narrow, or lacking 28

28. Stem oval in cross-section; capsule 3-4 mm. long

Entodon, p. 132
Stem round in cross-section; capsule 1.5-2.5 mm. long; an-
nulus several cells broad Platygyrium, p. 132

29. Midrib single 30

Midrib double or furcate, frequently short or lacking 42

30. Lid more or less long-rostrate 31

Lid conical to short-rostrate ZZ

31. Leaves spreading or imbricated 32

Leaves complanate Rhynchostegium, p. 150

32. Leaves very concave, spoon-shaped, abruptly filiform-

acuminate Cirriphyllum, p. 147

Leaves plane or slightly concave, acute or gradually

acuminate Eurynchium, p. 148

Z'i- Leaves obtuse, apiculate, or acute 34

Leaves acuminate 36

34. Large mosses (6-20 cm.), growing in swamps; stem leaves

2-3.5 "^iTi- long, spreading or imbricated. . .Calliergon, p. 166
Medium-sized mosses (3-8 cm.), growing on rocks and
earth in or along streams; leaves 0.6-1.6 mm. long,
frequently secund 35

35. Midrib strong, disappearing abruptly just below apex of

leaf Amblystegium fluviatile, p. 157

Midrib faint, vanishing near middle of leaf, frequently

forked Hygrohypnum, p. 169

36. Leaves secund Z7

Leaves equally spreading 39

94 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

2,^. Leaves strongly transversely undulate Rhytidium, p. i6o

Leaves not transversely undulate 38

38. ParaphylHa numerous Cratoneuron, p. 159

Paraphyllia lacking Drepanocladus, p. 167

39. Capsule oblong-ovoid; stem leaves much larger than

branch leaves Brachythecium, p. 143

Capsule oblong-cylindrical; leaves mostly uniform in size 40

40. Stem densely' tomentose, erect; leaves glossy

Camptothecium, p. 142
Stem not densely tomentose; leaves rarely glossy 41

41. Stem prostrate and irregularly branched; rhizoids mostly

numerous Amblystegium, p. 155

Stem prostrate or ascending; rhizoids few

Chrysohypnum, p. 158

42. Leaves complanate 43

Leaves not complanate 44

43. Leaves decurrent; basal areolation lax, alar cells often

more or less enlarged Plagiothecium, p. 152

Leaves not at all or very slightly decurrent; basal cells
scarcely differentiated Isopterygium, p. 151

44. Operculum long-rostrate Sematophyllum, p. 150

Operculum conical to short-rostrate 45

45. Leaves obtuse or apiculate, rarely acute 46

Leaves acuminate 48

46. Leaves usually more or less secund, gradually narrowed

above to an obtuse or rarely acute apex; mosses growing

on dripping or wet rocks Hygrohypnum, p. 169

Leaves imbricated or spreading, with a broad rounded apex 47

47. Mosses growing in swamps; stem with an outer layer of

large hyaline cells Acrocladium, p. 167

Mosses growing in dry woods; stem bright red, cortical
cells small Hypnum, p. 166

48. Leaves secund, falcate or circinate 49

Leaves mostly spreading 51

49. A large moss (8-20 cm.), very regularly pinnate, frondi-

form; leaves multiplicate, smooth; paraphyllia numerous

Ptilium, p. 162
Medium-sized mosses (i-io cm.), irregularly pinnate;
leaves scarcely or not at all plicate; paraphyllia few or
none 50

50. Leaves sharply serrate, papillose Ctenidium, p. 161

Leaves entire or serrulate, smooth Stereodon, p. 162

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 95

51. Alar cells inflated Plagiothecium striatellum, p. 154

Alar cells not inflated, frequently quadrate, rectangular, or

oblong 52

52. Annual growth regularly marked off Hylocomium, p. 161

Annual growth not clearly defined 53

53. Leaves erect-spreading 54

Leaves squarrose 55

54. Plants medium-sized, forming loose, spreading tufts; para-

phyllia numerous and large Heterophyllon, p. 165

Plants small, forming thin, depressed mats; paraphyllia
lacking Amblystegiella, p. 154

55. Plants robust; stems 0.5-0.9 mm. in diameter; leaves 3-5 mm.

long; capsules broadly ovoid Rhytidiadelphus, p. 160

Plants robust or slender; stems 0.1-0.4 mm. in diameter;

leaves 1-3 mm. long; capsules cylindrical

Chrysohypnum, p. 15S

FAMILY ARCHIDIACE^
Archidium Brid.
Archidium ohioense Schimp.

On the ground in meadows and fields. Spring. New
Haven: Orange (1881), O. D. Allen.

Throughout the eastern United States and westward to
the Rocky Mountains.

FAMILY DICRANACE^

Bruchia Schwaegr.

Capsule ovoid, neck short B. flexuosa

Capsule elongated, neck long B. SuUivantii

Bruchia flexuosa (Schwaegr.) C. Miill.

Clayey ground in fields. Spring. Windham : Canter-
bury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven: East Haven, Nichols;
New Haven (1878), /. A. Allen; Woodbridge, Eaton.

New England to Minnesota, south to the Gulf States.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 72.

Bruchia SuUivantii Aust.

Clayey or sandy ground in fields. Spring. New Haven :
New Haven (1890), Evans.

New England to Florida, west to Missouri and Louisiana.

96 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Pleuridium Brid.

Leaves spreading, upper leaves long-subulate. .P. altemifolium
Leaves of sterile shoots closely appressed, upper leaves of
fertile shoots abruptly short-pointed P. Sullivantii

^4 Pleuridium altemifolium (Dicks.) Rabenh.

c''^ >'' Moist clayey or sandy soil in fields and ditches. Spring.

u^J^. New Haven: East Haven, /. A. Allen; Hamden and New
V Haven (1874), Eaton.

New England to Wisconsin, south to the mountains of
Alabama ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Holzinger, Musci Aero. Bor.-Amer, No. 227.
Ref. Eaton, 15, 61.

Pleuridium Sullivantii Aust

Light, sandy soil in fields. Spring. New Haven : Orange
(1880), O. D. Allen.

Connecticut to South Carolina.

Ditrichum Timm

1. Monoicous; stalk yellow; fruiting in June D. pallidum

Dioicous; stalk red; fruiting in autumn 2

2. Stem leaves imbricated; perichsetial leaves long-sheathing

D. vaginans
Stem leaves spreading; perichcietial leaves scarcely sheath-
ing D. tortile

Aj^jU^Mr: rLDitrichum vaginans (Sull.) Hampe!^ Leptotrichum vagi-
nans Schimp.

Moist, sandy or loamy ground in hilly regions. Autumn.
Litchfield : Salisbury, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury,
Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols. New Haven:
Hamden, O. D. Allen; New Haven (1855), Eaton.

New Brunswick to North Carolina, west to Missouri ;
Europe.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

Kk.-^

:vl\vx.-^v Ditrichum"[tortile (Schrad.) Lindb.'j Leptotrichum tortile
e<Lc.")f.t.;. C. Miill.

l^'tl'M Clayey soil along roadsides and in fields. Autumn. Hart-
ford: Glastonbury, Miss Lorena. Tolland: Bolton and

IkV-^

V

No. II.] THE BRYOPIIYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 97

Stafford, NicJiols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lozve; Huntington, Nichols. New
Haven : Hamden, Evans; Meriden, Nichols; New Haven
(1855), Eaton; Orange, Nichols. Middlesex: Chester,
Nichols. New London : Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Newfoundland and Labrador to Minnesota, south to the
Gulf States ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

Ditrichum pallidum (Schreb.) Hampe. Lepiotrichum
pallidniii Hampe. {v\cx**-*dX-S.

Bare earth in the woods. June. Litchfield : Salisbury, *^ ^* Ti>
Nichols. Hartford: Southington, Chamberlain. Tolland: Ci^"^"^

Andover, Weatherby; Bolton, Miss Lorens. Windham : Can- Jin, jr/i'*//6i
Xerhury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Darien, Mr.y. Low^; Sher-
man and Stratford, Nichols. New Haven : Beacon Falls,
Nichols; East Haven, Evans; Hamden (1867), New Haven,
anc^ North Haven, Eaton; Orange, Nichols; Woodbridge,
/. A. Allen. New London : Ledyard and North Stonington,
C. B. Graves.

Ontario to the Gulf of Mexico, west to Kansas; Europe;
Asia; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

Saelania Lindb.
Saelania glaucescens (Hedw.) Broth. 6^. cccsia (Vill.)
Lindb.

Earth and crevices of rocks, especially limestone, in moun-
tainous or hilly regions. Summer. Litchfield: Salisbury,
Evans. Fairfield : Monroe, Miss Lorenz; Sherman, Nichols.
New Haven: New Haven (1878), /. A. Allen; Oxford, Miss
Lorenz.

Greenland and Labrador to the Middle Atlantic States,
west to British Columbia and Colorado; Europe; Asia; New
Zealand.

Ceratodon Brid. .

Ceratodon purpureus (L.) Brid.

Burnt-over woods, roadsides, waste ground, and roofs.
May-June. Litchfield: New Milford, Nichols; Salisbury,

7

98 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

»

Mrs. Phelps. Hartford: Bloomfield and Hartford, Miss
Lorens. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols. Windham: Canter-
bury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Bridgeport, Eames; Darien,
Mrs. Lowe; Fairfield, Eames; Huntington, Nichols. New
Haven: Cheshire and Madison, Nichols; New Haven (1855),
Eaton; North Haven, /. A. Allen; Orange, Evans; Oxford,
Harger. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New London :
Ledyard, Nichols; Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Throughout North America ; a cosmopolitan.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62. Mrs. Lowe, 54 (incorrectly deter-
mined as C. minor Aust).

Dicranella Schimp.

1. Capsule plicate when dry; epidermis composed of narrow

cells; stalk yellowish D. heteromalla

Capsule always smooth; epidermis composed of quadrate
cells; stalk reddish 2

2. Capsule cernuous D. varia

Capsule erect D. rufescens

Dicranella heteromalla (L.) Schimp. Dicranum hetero-
malhim Hedw.

Clayey, non-calcareous soil in open woods. Autumn.
Litchfield : Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford : Southington,
Chamberlain. Tolland : Stafford, Nichols. Windham :
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley; Windham, Nichols. Fairfield:
Darien, Mrs. Lozve; Huntington, Nichols. New Haven:
East Haven (1877) and Hamden, /. A. Allen; Madison,
Nichols; New Haven, O. D. Allen; Orange, /. A. Allen;
Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.
New London : East Lyme and New London, C. B. Graves.

Newfoundland to Louisiana, westward to the Pacific;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 61.

Dicranella rufescens (Dicks.) Schimp.

Wet clayey soil. Autumn. Hartford : Wethersfield, Mrs.
Lowe. Fairfield : Darien, Mrs. Lozve. New Haven : New
Haven (1879), J- ^- Allen; Woodbridge, Eaton.

\;). 11. I '1111-: liKVOI'HVTES OF CON Nl'.C'l KU'I'. 99

Nova Scotia to West Virginia, west to Alaska and Wash-
ington ; Europe ; Asia.
Ref. Mrs. Lowe, 57.

Dicranella varia (Hedw.) Schimp. Dicranum varium
Hedw.

Clay banks and moist earth. Autumn. New Haven : East
Haven, O. D. Allen; New Haven (1875), /. A. Allen; Orange,
Young; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, /. A. Allen.

Xova Scotia to Georgia, westward to the Pacific ; Alaska ;
Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 61.

Rhabdoweisia Br. & Sch.

Rhabdoweisia denticulata (Brid.) Br. & Sch.

Moist shaded cliffs, steep rocks and banks, but not on
limestone, in mountainous or hilly regions. Summer. Litch-
field: New Milford, Nichols; Salisbury, Gilman. Tolland:
Stafford and Vernon, Nichols. Fairfield: Redding, Evans;
Sherman, Nichols. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols;
Naugatuck, Evans; New Haven, O. D. Allen; Woodbridge
(1878), /. A. Allen.

Newfoundland to Wisconsin and North Carolina; Europe.

Dichodontium Schimp.

Dichodontium pellucidum (L.) Schimp.

Banks of streams and wet rocks in the woods. Autumn.
New Haven: Hamden (1881), /. A. Allen.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States;
Europe ; Asia.

Oncophorus Brid.

Oncophorus virens (Sw.) Brid. Cynodontium virens
Schimp.

Moist non-calcareous earth and rocks or damp wood in
mountainous or hilly woods. Spring. Tolland: Stafford
(1906), Nichols.

Canada and the northern United States ; Europe ; Asia.

lOO COiXNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Dicranum Hedw.

1. Capsule cernuous, arcuate 2

Capsule erect, symmetrical S

2. Leaves not undulate^ midrib percurrent D. scoparium

Leares transversely undulate, midrib not reaching apex. ... 3

3. Upper leaf cells elongated; capsules clustered. . .D. undulatum
Upper leaf cells isodiametric; capsules borne singly 4

4. Upper part of leaves strongly papillose at back. . . .D. spurium
Leaves smooth at back D. Bergeri

5. Lamina of leaves more or less bistratose in upper part. . . .

D. fulvum
Lamina unistratose throughout 6

6. Midrib without median guides and excurrent; leaves sud-

denly narrowed into a long setaceous point.. D. longifolium
Midrib with median guides and vanishing below apex of
leaf; leaves lanceolate-subulate 7

7. Cells in upper part of leaves rectangular, papillose at back;

plants not producing flagelliform branchlets. .D. montanum
Cells in upper part of leaf less regular, smooth at back;
plants frequently characterized by numerous flagelliform
branchlets D. flagellare

Dicranum spurium Hedw.

Shaded sandy soil and rocks, never on limestone. June.
Litchfield : Salisbury, Nichols. New Haven : New Haven
(1881), /, A. Allen. New London: Ledyard, SetchelL*

Newfoundland to Wisconsin, south to Florida; Europe;
Asia.

Exsic. Holzinger, Musci Aero. Bor.-Amer. No. 228''.

Dicranum undulatum Ehrh.

Moist soil and earth-covered rocks in hilly woods. Sum-
mer. Litchfield: New Milford, Nichols; Salisbury, Miss
Lorens. Hartford: West Hartford, Miss Lorens. New
Haven: East Haven (1855), Eaton; Meriden, Nichols;
Woodbridge, /. A. Allen. Middlesex: Killingworth, Nichols.

Canada and the northern United States ; Europe ; Asia.

R[:f. Eaton, 15, 61.

♦Reported by Barron from " near the Sound " (I'^aton, 15, 61).

No. II.] j'liK r.KvcwiivrF.s oi-" Connecticut. loi

Dicranum Bergeri lUand. D. Schraderi Web. f. & Mohr.

Peat bogs and wet woods. Summer. Litchfield : New
Milford, Evatis. Hartford: West Hartford, Miss Lorenz.
Tolland: Stafford, JVeatherby; Vernon, Miss Lorenz. New
Haven: Nesv Haven, J. A. Allen; Wallingford (1878), Bar-
ron. Middlesex: Killingworth, Nichols. New London:
Water ford, C. B. Graves.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 61 (misprinted D. Schreheri). Miss
Lorenz, 52 (incorrectly determined as D. Muhlenbeckii).

Dicranum scoparium (L.) Hedw.

On all sorts of substrata in moist or dry woods. Aug.-
Sept. Litchfield: Cornwall, Greene; Salisbury, Gil-
man. Hartford: Plainville, Chamberlain; West Hartford,
Miss Lorenz. Tolland: Ellington and Stafford, Nichols.
Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield : Danbury,
Nichols; Darien, Mrs. Lowe; Fairfield and Trumbull, Eames.
New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols; East Haven, Evans;
Hamden, Eaton; Meriden, Miss Lorenz; New Haven (1855),
Eaton; Orange, Evans; Oxford, Harger. Middlesex: Kil-
lingworth, Nichols; Middlefield, Evans. New London : North
Stonington and Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Throughout Canada and the United States ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 61. ^

Dicranum ftilvum Hook. — D. intcrniptibn^Bi4d.

Trees and decayed logs in pine or hemlock woods in moun-
tainous or hilly regions. Summer. New Haven : East
Haven, Hatcher; Woodbridge (1879), O. D. Allen.

Newfoundland to Manitoba, south to West Virginia;
Europe ; Asia.

Dicranum flagellare Hedw.

On stumps and logs, and at the base of trees, in moist
woods. Summer. Litchfield: Norfolk, Mm' Lorens; Salis-
bury, Gilman. Hartford : West Hartford, Miss Lorenz. Tol-
land: Ellington, Feo.y^; Stafford, iVjV/io/.y. Windham: Can-

» 0 f o -O^A ^V^ c^-^ry^^ltU^ C-, v^Qd* i^-^r^ V^Cv,-,!^ ^

102 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST, SURVEY. [Bull.

terbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lowe;
Stratford, Nichols. New Haven : Hamden, Nichols; New
Haven (1856), Eaton; Orange, Pease; Oxford, Harger. Mid-
dlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New London : New London
and Water ford, C. B. Graves.

Nova Scotia to North Carolina, and westward to British
Columbia ; Mexico ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 61.

Dicranum fulvum Hook. D. interruptum Brid.

Non-calcareous rocks in moist hilly woods. Aug.-Oct.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Burlington,
Nichols; Hartford, Miss Lorenz. Tolland: Stafford,
Nichols. Windham: Canterbury, Mrj. //ad/^3/. Fairfield:
Darien, Mrs. Lowe. New Haven: Branford, Chatterton;
Hamden, Pease; New Haven (1856), Eaton; Orange, Evans;
Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.
New London : East Lyme, New London, and Waterford, C. B.
Graves.

Nova Scotia to Wisconsin, south to North Carolina and
Missouri ; Europe.

Exsic. Holzinger, Musci Aero. Bor.-Amer. No. 104.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 61.

Dicranum longifolium Ehrh.

On rocks and tree trunks in mountainous or hilly regions ;
not on pure limestone. Late summer. New Haven : Meriden
(1856), Eaton; Oxford, Harger.

Nova Scotia to North Carolina, west to British Columbia
and Colorado; Greenland; Europe; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, Gi.^'

FAMILY LEUCOBRYACE.E
Leucobryum Hampe
Leucobryum glaucum (L.) Schimp. L. vulgar e Hampe.
On moist soil or rocks in the woods. Fruit occasional,

•Two other species of Dicranum, D. fuscescens Turn, and D. viride (Sull. &
Lesq.) Lindb. (as Campylopus viridis Sull. & Lesq.), are reported by Raton (15, 61)
on the authority of Harron, but no Connecticut specimens examined by the writers
have been referable to either of these species.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I03

autumn. Litchfield: New Milford, Nichols; Salisbury,
Mrs. Phelps. Hartford : West Hartford, Miss Lorenz. Tol-
land: Stafford, A' iV/2o/.y. Windham : Canterbury, Mr^-. //ad-
ley. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lozue; Trumbull, Eames.
New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols; East Haven, Hamden
(1866), and New Haven, Eaton; North Haven, Harger;
Orange, Eaton; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Nichols. Mid-
dlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New London : East Lyme
and North Stonington, C. B. Graves.

Newfoundland to the Rocky Mountains, south to Florida
and Louisiana ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 61.

FAMILY FISSIDENTACE^
Fissidens Hedw.

1. Fruit borne on the stem or on a leading branch 2

Fruit borne on a short branch 5

2. Leaves without a border 3

Leaves bordered by a narrow band of pale, elongated cells 4

3. Leaves obtuse, margin entire F. obtusifolius

Leaves apiculate, margin crenulate F. osmundoides

4. Border thick, usually confluent at apex of leaf with the

midrib F. bryoides

Border narrow, almost wanting at apex of leaf; midrib
percurrent F. incurvus

5. Leaves without a border 6

Leaves bordered by several rows of paler, often thick-
walled cells 7

6. Midrib percurrent F. taxifolius

Midrib vanishing below the apex F. subbasilaris

7. Leaf cells obscure (0.007-0.009 X 0.01-0.012 inm.)

F. cristatus

Leaf cells distinct (0.01-0.014 X 0.014-0.018 mm.)

F. adiantoides

Fissidens bryoides (L.) Hedw-

On shaded earth in greenhouses, etc. Autumn. New
Haven: New Haven (1876), Veitch.

I04 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull,

Throughout temperate North America, and north to Yukon
Territory; Europe; Asia; Africa; New Zealand.
Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.*

Fissidens incurvus Schwaegr. Including F. minutulus
Sull.

On wet shaded stones, usually in brooks. Autumn.
Litchfield: SaUsbury, Mrs. Phelps. Tolland: Bolton and
Stafford, Nichols. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols. New
Haven : Bethany, Evans ; Cheshire, Harger; East Haven
(1874), Kleeberger; Hamden, /. A. Allen; Orange, Nichols;
Oxford, Harger. Middlesex: Middlefield, Evans.

Canada and the northern United States; Cuba; Europe;
Asia; Africa; New Zealand; Tasmania.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

Fissidens obtusifolius Wils.

Wet rocks and stones. Aug.-Sept. Litchfield: Salis-
bury (1907), Nichols.

New England to Minnesota and Colorado, south to Ala-
bama and Texas.

Fissidens adiantoides (L.) Hedw.

On shaded rocks and earth in wet places. Oct. -Dec.
Litchfield: New Milford and Salisbury, Nichols. Hart-
ford: Hartford, Miss Lorens. Tolland: Bolton, Nichols.
Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols. New Haven: Cheshire,
/. A. Allen; East Haven (1856), Eaton; Madison, Adams;
Milford, Harger; Orange, Evans; Woodbridge. Eaton.
Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols; Middlefield, Evans. New
London : Groton, C. B. Graves.

Newfoundland to Alaska, south to Florida and Washing-
ton; Europe; Asia; Africa; New Zealand; Tasmania.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

Fissidens cristatus Wils. F. decipiens DeNot.

On moist, preferably calcareous, rocks in hilly regions.

* " In a greenhouse, R. l^eitch; also on the sides of a well on Church
Street, New Haven, W. T. Bron'iie." Both of these stations have since probably
been destroyed.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. IO5

Oct. -Dec. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford:
Hartiord, Miss Lorenz. Fairfield: Danbury (1SS4), Eaton;
Sherman, Evans. New Haven : Orange, Evans.

Nova Scotia to the Rocky Mountains, and south to the
Gulf States ; Europe ; Asia.

Fissidens taxifolius (L.) Hedw.

Moist earth and clay banks in the woods. Fruit rare, win-
ter. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Tolland: Ellington,
Nichols. Fairfield : Danbury, Nichols. New Haven : East
Haven (1874), Kleeberger; Hamden, Eaton; Madison,
Nichols; New Haven, Eaton; North Haven, A^ichols; Wood-
bridge, Eaton.

Throughout the eastern United States ; Europe ; Asia ;
Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62 (incorrectly reported as F. osinund-
oides).

Fissidens osmundoides (Sw.) Hedw.

Swampy woods and borders of streams. Summer. Litch-
field: Salisbury, Nichols. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols.
New Haven: Branford, /. A. Allen; Orange, Evans; Wood-
bridge (1866), Eaton.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe; Asia.

Fissidens subbasilaris Hedw.

On earth and at the base of trees in the woods. Autumn.
New Haven: Hamden (1878), Eaton.
Ontario and the eastern United States.

Octodiceras Brid.

Octodiceras Julianum (Savi) Brid. Conomitrium Juli-
anum Mont.

Attached to stones and wood in springs and brooks. Spring.
Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols. New Haven: Hamden
(1876), 7. A. Allen; Meriden, Eaton; New Haven, Nichols;
Woodbridge, Eaton.

Ontario to Montana, south to Mexico; Cuba; South Amer-
ica; Europe; Africa.

I06 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 16'' (as
Conomitrium Julianum) .

Ref. Mrs. E. G. Britton, 9, 83. Eaton, 15, 62 ; 16, 244.

FAMILY POTTIACE^
Astomum Hampe

Astomum Sullivantii Schimp. Systegium Sullivantii
Schimp.

Moist grassy places. Spring. New Haven : East Haven,
7. A. Allen; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge (1878), Eaton.

Probably throughout temperate North America.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 72.

Weisia Hedw.

Weisia viridula (L.) Hedw^.

Roadsides, banks, and fields, on bare earth. Spring.
Litchfield: New Milford, Nichols. Hartford: Canton,
Nichols. Windham: Csinierhwry, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield:
Darien, Mrs. Lowe; Sherman, Nichols; Trumbull, Eames.
New Haven : East Haven, Hamden, and Meriden, Nichols;
New Haven (1854) and North Haven, Eaton; Orange, 7. A.
Allen; Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex: Killingworth,
Nichols. New London : Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Throughout Canada and the United States ; Europe ; Asia ;
Africa ; New Zealand ; Tasmania.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

Hymenostylium Brid.

Hymenostylium curvirostre (Ehrh.) Lindb. Gyninosto-
miim curvirostre Hedw.

Moist rocks, usually calcareous, in mountainous or hilly
regions. Summer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Evans. Hart-
ford: Windsor, Miss Lorens. Tolland: Bolton, Nichols.
New Haven: Hamden, Hall. Middlesex: Killingworth,
(1875) Hall

Labrador to Alaska, south to California and South Caro-
lina ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 61.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. IO7

Trichostomum Hedw.

Trichostomum cylindricum (Rruch) C. Miill. Didymo-
don cylindricus Br. & Sch.

Wet non-calcareous stones in or beside brooks in moun-
tainous or hilly regions. Fruit very rare, autumn. New
Haven : Hamden (1879), /. A. Allen; Orange, O. D. Allen.

Greenland to North Carolina, west to Manitoba ; South
America ; Europe ; Asia.

Tortella (C. Mull.) Limpr.

Monoicous; plants less than i cm. high, loosely csespitose;

leaves linear, abruptly mucronate T. caespitosa

Dioicous; plants 2-6 cm. high, in pulvinate tufts; leaves

lanceolate, long-acuminate or cuspidate T. tortuosa

Tortella tortuosa (L.) Limpr. Barb it I a tortuosa Web. f.
& Mohr.

Rocks, usually calcareous, in mountainous or hilly regions.
Fruit rare, June. Hartford: West Hartford, Miss Lorenz.
New Haven : Cheshire, Harger; Meriden, Price; Orange
(1856), Eaton; New Haven, O. D. Allen.

Greenland, Canada, and the northern United States ; Eu-
rope ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

Tortella caespitosa (Schwaegr.) Limpr. Barbula ccespi-
tosa Schwaegr.

Earth and roots of trees in the woods. June. Litch-
field: Salisbury, Gilman. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadlcy. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lowe. New Haven: East
Haven, Evans; New Haven (1856), Eaton; Orange, Nichols;
Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, /. A. Allen. New London:
North Stonington and Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Ontario and New England to the Gulf States, west to
British Columbia ; Mexico ; South America ; Europe ; Asia ;
Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62. Mrs. Lowe, 57.

I08 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Didymodon Hedw,

Didymodon rubellus (Hoffm.) Br. & Sch.

Wet, usually calcareous rocks, in mountainous or hilly re-
gions. Summer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Tol-
land: Bolton, XicJwls. New Haven: Woodbridge (1879),
/. A. Allen.

Alaska, Canada, and the northern United States ; Europe ;
Asia ; Africa ; Tasmania.

Barbula Hedw.

Leaves gradually acuminate, midrib percurrent B. fallax

Leaves obtuse and mucronate, midrib excurrent. .B. unguiculata

Barbula fallax Hedw.

Moist earth, walls, and rocks, in limestone districts. Nov.-
Jan. Litchfield: Sahsbury (1905), Nichols.

Canada and the northern United States, north to the arctic
regions ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Barbula unguiculata (Huds.) Hedw.

On all sorts of earth formations. Winter. Litchfield:
Xew Alilford, Nichols. New Haven : East Haven and New
Haven (1855), Eaton; Orange and Oxford, Harger; Walling-
ford, Evans; Woodbridge, /. A. Allen.

Probably throughout the northern United States and Can-
ada ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

Acaulon C. Miill.

Acaulon muticum (Schreb.) C. Miill. Sphccrangium mu-
ticiun Schimp.

Clay or earth in fields. Spring. New Haven : Hamden
(1878), /. A. Allen; New Haven, Eaton; Orange, /. A. Allen.

Probably throughout temperate North America ; Europe ;
Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 61.

Phascum L.
Phascum cuspidatum Schreb.
On earth in fields and grassy places. Spring. New

No, II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. IO9

Haven : East Haven and New Haven, Eaton; Woodbridge
(1878),/. A. Alien.

Ontario to South Carolina, westward to the Pacific States ;
South America ; Europe ; Asia ; xA-f rica.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 61.

Pottia Ehrh.

Pottia truncatula (L.) Lindb. P. truncata Fiirn.

In moist places, — meadows, banks of streams, etc. Autumn
to spring. New Haven: Woodbridge (1878), /. A. Allen.

Quebec and New England to Pennsylvania ; Nevada ; Eu-
rope ; Asia ; Africa.

Tortula Hedw.

1. Growing on trunks of trees; midrib bearing gemmae in

upper half; not yet found fruiting in this country

T. papillosa
Growing on rocks; midrib not gemmiparous; frequently
fruiting 2

2. Dioicous; tufts large, 2-5 cm. high; midrib excurrent into

a long smooth hair-point T. montana

Monoicous; tufts small, 5-15 mm. high; midrib excurrent
into a long toothed hair-point T. muralis

Tortula muralis (L.) Hedw. Barhiila muralis Timm.
Walls and sunny rocks. Spring. New London: New
London (1895), C. B. Graves.

Throughout North America ; a cosmopolitan. '

Tortula papillosa Wils. Barbula papillosa C. Miill.

Trunks of trees, rarely rocks in the open. Litchfield:
Salisbury, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield : Danbury, Nichols. New Haven : East Haven
and Hamden, Nichols; Milford, Harger; New Haven (1855),
Eaton; Orange, /. A. Allen.

Throughout the northern Atlantic States; South America;
Europe ; Australia ; New Zealand ; Tasmania.

Exsic. Holzingcr, Musci Aero. Bor.-Amer. No. 235.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

no CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Tortula montana (Nees) Lindb.

Sunny rocks, usually calcareous, in mountainous or hilly
regions. New Haven : East Haven (1880) and Orange, /. A.
Allen.

Northern North America ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Encalypta Schreb.

Gemm?e wanting; monoicous; capsule smooth, peristome
single E. ciliata

Gemnic-e brown, slender, borne in clusters in the axils of
the leaves; dioicous; capsule spirally striate, peristome
double E. contorta

Encalypta ciliata (Hedw.) Hoffm.

Shaded earth or rocks in mountainous or hilly regions.
Summer. New Haven: Branford (1881), /. A. Allen.

Arctic America, Canada and the northern United States;
Europe ; Asia ; Africa ; Australia ; Hawaiian Islands.

Encalypta contorta (Wulf.) Lindb. E. streptocarpa
Hedw.

Earth and rocks, often calcareous, in mountainous or hilly
regions. Not yet found fruiting in America. Litchfield:
New Milford, Nichols; Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford : West
Hartford, Miss Lorenz. Tolland: Bolton, Miss Lorens.
New Haven: Branford, /. A. Allen; Orange (1855), Eaton;
Woodbridge, /. A. Allen.

Ontario to Virginia, and westward to the Rocky Moun-
tains ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

FAMILY. GRIMMLA,CE.E
Glyphomitrium Brid.
Glyphomitrium incurvum (Schwaegr.) Broth. Ptycho-
mitrium incurvum Sull.

Exposed non-calcareous rocks. Spring. Hartford:
Granby, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
New Haven : Cheshire, Nichols; Hamden and New Haven
(1866), Eaton; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Evans.

No. II.] THE BRVOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. Ill

Ontario and New England to Georgia, westward to Kansas
and Texas.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

Grimmia Ehrh.

1. Capsule shorter than stalk, emergent or exserted. . . .G. Olneyi
Capsule longer than stalk, immersed 2

2. Walls of lower leaf cells sinuate G. pilifera

Walls of lower leaf cells not sinuate : . . . . 3

3. Plants in small dense cushions, soft, lurid green; leaf cells

rounded-quadrate, 0.009-0.01 mm. above G. conferta

Plants in laxer cushions, more robust, coarse, brownish;
leaf cells rounded, 0.006-0.007 mm. above G. apocarpa

Grimmia apocarpa (L.) Hedw.

On rocks and stones of various kinds. Late spring.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman; Torrington, Mrs. Lowe.
Hartford: Bristol and Canton, Nichols. Tolland: Staf-
ford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New
Haven : Cheshire, Nichols; Hamden, /. A. Allen; New Haven
(1855) and Orange, Eaton; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge,
/. A. Allen. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New
London : New London, C. B. Graves.

Alaska, Canada, and the northern United States ; found in
most quarters of the globe.

Ref. E^ton, 15, 62.

Grimmia conferta Funck.

Steep sunny rocks. Spring. Litchfield: Salisbury,
Nichols. Tolland: Ellington, Nichols. Fairfield: Sher-
man, Nichols. New Haven: Hamden (1877), O. D. Allen;
Woodbridge, Eaton.

Nova Scotia to the Middle Atlantic States, and westward to
the Pacific ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 168.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62,

Grimmia pilifera Beauv. G. pennsylvanica Schwaegr.
Moist rocks in hilly woods. May- June. Litchfield:
New Milford and Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Simsbury,

112 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Miss Lorenz. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols. Windham:
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Stratford, Eames.
New Haven: East Haven, Evans; Hamden, /. A. Allen; New
Haven (1854), Eaton; Oxford and Woodbridge, Harger.

Nova Scotia to Minnesota, south to Georgia ; Mexico ;
Japan.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

Grimmia Olneyi Sull.

Sloping rocks and bowlders, never on limestone. Spring,
New Haven : Branford and Madison, Eaton; Meriden,
Nichols; New Haven (1855), Eaton; Oxford, Harger.
Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New London : Ledyard,
Nichols.

Ontario and New England to Georgia,

Exsic, Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 169.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62. SuUivant, 70, 67.

Racomitrium Brid.

Racomitrium aciculare (L.) Brid.

Shaded non-calcareous rocks along mountain or hill
streams. Fruit rare, spring. Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman.
New Haven : Hamden (1878), Eaton; Oxford, Harger. New
London : Montville, C. B. Graves.

Alaska, Canada, and southward to California and Alabama ;
Europe ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

FAMILY ORTHOTRICHACE^
Anoectangium Hedw.

Anoectangium Mougeotii (Br. & Sch.) Lindb. Am-
phoridium Mougeotii Schimp.

Crevices of damp, shaded rocks in mountainous or hilly
regions. Fruit very rare, July-Aug. New Haven : Branford
and Hamden, Eaton; Meriden, Price; Woodbridge (1878),
O. D. Allen.

Newfoundland to Alabama, westward to Alaska and
Oregon ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 174.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. II J

Drummondia Hook.

Drummondia clavellata Hook.

Trunks of trees in the woods. Summer. Litchfield:
Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Bloomfield, Miss Lorenz;
Canton, Nichols; Hartford, Miss Lorenz; Southington, Cham-
berlain. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield:
Danbury, Nichols. New Haven : Bethany and Hamden,
Eaton; Meriden, Nichols; New Haven (1855), Eaton; North
Branford, Harger. Middlesex : KilHngworth, Nichols. New
London : North Stonington and Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Ontario and New England, south to Alabama and Missouri ;
Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

Orthotrichum Hedw.

1. Capsule with superficial stomata; plants growing on trees

O. sordidum
Capsule with immersed stomata 2

2. Peristome single, capsule plicate when dry; plants grow-

ing on rocks 3

Peristome double; plants growing on trees 4

3. Capsule long-exserted O. anomalum

Capsule immersed or emergent O. Lescurii

4. Capsule smooth when dry O. pusillum

Capsule plicate when dry 5

5. Calyptra hairy 6

Calyptra smooth O. pumilum

6. Capsule strongly plicate, reddish brown, contracted under

the mouth when dry; leaves acute O. Braunii

Capsule not strongly plicate, pale yellowish, very slightly
or not at all contracted below the mouth when dry;
leaves obtuse , O. ohioense

Orthotrichum sordidum Sull. & Lesq. ', ^■

On trees in wet woods. Spring. Hartford : Hartford,
Mrs. Lowe. Tolland : Ellington, Pease. Windham :
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven: New Haven (1876),
Pease.

New Brunswick to Pennsylvania and Lake Superior.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

114 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Orthotrichum anomalum Hedw.
C^ocks^.dn the open. Spring. Litchfield: Salisbury,
Nichols. New Haven: Branford (1881), /. A. Allen.

Throughout Canada and the northern United States;
Alaska ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa. ^"'•-^- -"^^ ^'^'^' ^ -

■^ "^ Orthotrichum Lescurii Aust. 0. cupulatum Hoffm. var.

minus Sull. ,•,-: ''r.^-'-- ■- ' '• "" -

Dry shaded granite or trap rocks. Spring. New Haven :

Hamden (1876), Pease; Woodbridge, Eaton.

Ontario and New England, south to Pennsylvania and

Missouri, and in the Rocky Mountain region.
■ Ref. Austin, 3, 341. Eaton, 15, 63.

^jf ^ Orthotrichum pusillum Mitt. O. psilocarpum James.
-yM'- On trunks of trees. Spring. New Haven : New Haven

(1877), /. A. Allen; Oxford, Harger.

New England and New York to Georgia, west to Missouri.
Ref. Eaton, 15, 63. Rau & Hervey, 64, 21.

-* c

Orthotrichum Braunii Br, & Sch^ 0. strangulatum Sull.
not Beauv. ,,. .^j_^^ , >v-/,. ^'}-Uv f'UuJiXj^ri,^ >c^>;^?^

Trunks of trees. Spring. Tolland: Ellington, Pease.
Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven : New
Haven (1886), Eaton. C^,^.,,,

Prince Edward Island to Georgia, westward to Iowa ;
Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

Orthotrichum ohioense Sull. & Lesq.

Trunks of trees. Spring. Hartford: Southington,
Chamberlain. Tolland: Ellington, Pease. Fairfield:
Trumbull, Eames. New Haven: Hamden (1875), Young;
Madison, Nichols; New Haven, Pease. Middlesex : Chester
and Killingworth, Nichols. New London : Groton and North
Stonington, C. B. Graves.

Prince Edward Island to Georgia, west to Michigan.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

No. II. 1 THE HRYOPIIYTES OF CONN IXTICUT. I I :;

Orthotrichum pumilum Sw.

On trees. Spring. Litchfield: Salisbur}'^ (1907), Mc/70/^.
New England and Ontario to Idaho, south to Florida and
Texas ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ulota iVIohr

1. Leaves rigid when dry; plants growing on rocks. U. Hutchinsiae = o*^*aa-«.-«.€
Leaves crispate when dry; plants growing on trees 2

2. Capsule smooth, slightly plicate only below the narrowed

mouth U. Ludwigii

Capsule longitudinally plicate throughout, mouth wide. ... 3

3. Capsule constricted below the mouth, gradually narrowed

toward the neck when dry and empty U. ulophylla - c-lAs^o

Capsule slightly or not at all contracted below the mouth,
abruptly narrowed toward the neck U. crispula

Ulota Hutchinsiae (Sm.) Hamniar. U. americana ^;'

(BeauyJ_Limpr.. Not Mitt. ' "

Non-calcareous rocks in mountainous or hilly districts.
Spring. Litchfield: Kent, Eames; New Milford, Nichols;
Salisbury, G//«ia». Hartford: Hartford, Mr.y. Lotc^. Tol-
land: Ellington, Pease; Stafford, Nichols. Windham:
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols : atp%fi^ , «. <
Darien, Mrs. Lowe; Sherman, Nichols. New Haven : Madi- ^-'^^
son and Meriden, Nichols; New Haven (1854), Eaton; Ox-
ford, Harger. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New
London : Groton and Waterford, C. B. Graves.

New Brunswick to Georgia, westward to the Rocky
Mountains ; Europe ; Asia. 1

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

Ulota Ludwigii Brid.

Trunks of trees in mountainous or hilly woods. Summer.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Windham: Canterbury,
Mrs. Hadley. New Haven : Branford, Eaton; East Haven,
/. A. Allen; Hamden and Woodbridge (1866), Eaton.
Middlesex : Chester and Killingworth, Nichols.

Newfoundland to Ontario and North Carolina ; Europe.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

/

Il6 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bllll.

Ulota ulophylla (Ehrh.) Broth. U. crispa (Hedw.) Brid.

Trees in the woods. Summer. Litchfield: SaHsbury,
Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New
Haven : North Haven, Nichols; Oxford, Harger. Middle-
sex : Chester and KilHngworth, Nichols. New London : East
Lyme and North Stonington (1894), C. B. Graves.

Newfoundland to Wisconsin, south to Georgia ; Alaska ;
Europe ; Asia ; Canary Lslands.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

Ulota crispula Bruch.

Trees in the woods. Summer. Hartford : Hartford, Mrs.
Lowe. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven :
Woodbridge (1866), Eaton. Middlesex: Saybrook, Eaton.

Same range as the preceding species.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

FAMILY FUNARIACE^

Ephemerum Hampe -„>. /iVi-Wla, \ Ai^3 .12'/'^^

1. Leaves without a midrib 2

Midrib present, percurrent or nearly so E. crassinervium

2. Leaves obscurely serrulate; stomata present in upper half

of capsule E. megalosporum

-r Leaves distinctly serrulate; stomata restricted to base of

O^A. , capsule E. serratum

f^A^*"**^ Ephemerum megalosporum (Aust.) Salm. Micromitrium
^(s,\^^ megalosporum Aust.

Wet or periodically inundated earth. Autumn. New
Haven: Orange (1891), Evans.

Connecticut to Georgia. I

Ephemerum serratum (Schreb.) Hampe.

Wet, clayey earth. Autumn. New Haven : East Haven,
Evans; New Haven, Nichols; Orange, Eaton; Oxford, Harger.
New London : Norwich (1888), 5^?c/i^//. •

Probably throughout temperate North America; Europe.

Ephemerum er£tssinervium ( SchM^aegf 7) "CTTvTuH. '
Damp earth in fields. Autumn. New Haven: East
TIavcn (1891). Evans. . ' • .) Vk'^'^' '" ■

X^cw England to Minnesota, south to Florida,

No. II.] THE BRYOPllYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I 17

Aphanorrhegma Sull.
Aphanorrhegma serratum (Hook. & Wils.) Sull.
Moist, sandy soil in fields. Autumn. Fairfield: Dan-
bury, A^iV A o/.y. Middlesex: Cromwell (igoo), Evans.
Temperate North America.

Physcomitrium (Br id.) Br. & Sch.

Physcomitrium turbinatum (Miclix.) C. Miill. P. pyri-
fornie of some authors.

On earth in gardens and fields. May- June. Litchfield:
Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Hartford (1855), Eaton.
Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Darien,
Mrs. Lowe; Stratford, Eames. New Haven : New Haven,
Eaton; North Branford, Evans; North Haven, Nichols; Ox-
ford, Harger. New London : New London, C. B. Graves.

Quebec to Florida, and west to the Rocky Mountains.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63. Mrs. Hadley, 40.

Funaria Schreb.

Funaria hygrometrica (L.) Schreb.

Earth in fields, along roadsides, in burnt-over woods and
waste places. May- June. Litchfield: New Milford and
Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Hartford, Miss Lorenz;
Windsor, W. E. Britton. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Had-
ley. Fairfield : Darien, Mrs. Lowe; Stratford, Eames. New
Haven: Beacon Falls, Nichols; New Haven (1856), Eaton;
Orange, Evans.

Throughout North America ; a cosmopolitan.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

FAMILY BRYACEtE Ifc

Leptobryum (Br, & Sch.) Wils.
Leptobryum pyriforme (L.) Wils.

On moist shaded soil or old walls and on rotten wood.
June- July. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford:
Hartford, Miss Lorens. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Had-
ley. Fairfield : Darien, Mrs. Lozve. New Haven : Bran-
. ford, O. D. Allen; New Haven (1855), Eaton; Orange, Evans.

Il8 COXXECTICUT GKOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Throughout North America ; South America ; Europe ;
Asia ; Tasmania ; New Zealand.
Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

Pohlia Hedw.

1. Plants producing gemmte in axils of leaves, rarely fruiting

P. proligera
Plants not gemmiparous, richly fruiting 2

2. Basal membrane of inner peristome one-third to one-half

height of segments P. nutans

Basal membrane of inner peristome one-fourth height of
segments P. cruda

Pohlia cruda (L.) Lindb.

Shaded earth and fissures of rocks in mountainous or hilly
regions. Early summer. New Haven : Derby (i88i),7. ^.
Allen.

Greenland to Pennsylvania, and westward to the Pacific ;
found in most quarters of the globe.

Pohlia nutans (Schreb.) Lindb. JVebcra iiiitaits Hedw.

Soil and decaying wood in fields or woods. Early sum-
mer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Giluian. Hartford: South-
ington, Chamberlain. Tolland: Stafford and Vernon,
Nichols. Windham: C2inievh\\ry, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield:
Darien, Mrs. Lowe. New Haven : Beacon Falls and East
Flaven, Nichols; New Haven (1874), Kleeberger; North
Haven, Evans; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, /. A. Allen.
Middlesex : Durham, Evans. New London : Ledyard, C. B.
Graves.

Throughout most of Xorth America : a cosmopolitan.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63. Mrs. fTadley, 43.

Pohlia proligera Lindb.

On earth. Fruit rare, summer. New H.wen : Deacon
Falls and Hamden, Nichols; New Haven (1905), Evans.
• Widely distributed throughout Canada and the United
States : Alaska ; luirope.

Mniobryum (Schimp.) Limpr.
Mniobryum albicans (Wahl.) Limpr. JVebcra albicans
Schimp.

No. II.] THIi BRYOPIIYTES OF CONNECTICUT. II9

In swamps and on sandy banks of streams. Early summer,
Hartford: Bloomfield and Farmington, Mrs. Lowe. Fair-
field: Darien, Mrs. Loive. New Haven: Hamden (1855),
Eaton.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
south in the east to Florida ; found in most quarters of the
globe.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

Bryum (Dill.) L.

1. Plants monoicous (synoicous); leaves with a broad border,

midrib excurrent into a short point B. bimum

Plants dioicous 2

2. Midrib vanishing below the apex, leaves not bordered, or

very indistinctly so B. argenteum

Midrib excurrent (or frequently vanishing below the apex
in B. capillare) 3

3. Leaves short-cuspidate, distinctly bordered. .. .B. ventricosum
Leaves long-cuspidate 4

4. Leaves bordered, twisted when dry B. capillare

Leaves not bordered or only faintly so, scarcely twisted

when dry B. casspiticium

Br3mm ventricosum Dicks. B. pseudotriquetrum
(Hedw.) Schwaegr.

Wet, swampy places. Early summer. Litchfield : Salis-
bury, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New
Haven: New Haven (1859), Eaton. Middlesex: Killing-
worth, Nichols. New London : Ledyard, Nichols.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northcj-n United States ;
found all over the world.

Exsic. Holzinger, Musci Aero. Bor.-Amer. No. 246 (as
B. pseudotriquetrum).

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

Bryum bimum Schreb.

On wet rocks and on the ground in swampy woods. Early
summer. Litchfield: SaHsbury, Nichols. Hartford:
Farmington, Mrs. Lowe; Plainville, Chamberlain. Tolland:
Bolton, Nichols; Ellington, Pease. Windham: Canterbury,

I20 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Mrs. Hadley. New Haven : New Haven (^856) . Eaton.
New London : New London, C. B. Graves.

Arctic America, Canada, and southward to Florida and
Arizona ; a cosmopolitan.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

Bryum caespiticium L.

On the ground in old pastures and fields. Early summer.
Litchfield : Salisbury, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury,
Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lowe; Trumbull,
Eames. New Haven: New Haven (1855), Eaton; Orange,
Nichols. New London : New London, C. B. Graves.

Throughout North America ; a cosmopolitan.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63. Mrs. Lowe, 54.

Bryum argenteum L.

On earth or earth-covered rocks. Autumn. Litchfield:
Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford : West Hartford, Miss Lorens.
Tolland: Stafford, Mc/jo/.?. Fairfield: Y}2iv\Q.n, Mrs. Loive;
Sherman, Nichols. New Haven : Hamden, Evans; Meriden,
Miss Lorenz; New Haven ^(1854), Eaton. Middlesex: Old.
Lyme, Nichols.

Throughout North America ; a cosmopolitan.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

Bryum capillare L.

Rich, loamy soil, and roots of trees in the woods. Early
summer. New Haven: Cheshire, /. A. Allen; East Haven,
Nichols; Hamden (1879) /. A. Allen.

Throughout temperate North America, and north to the
arctic regions ; Mexico ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Rhodobryum (Schimp.) Hampe
Rhodobryum roseum (Weis) Limpr. Bryum roseum
Schreb.

Rotten logs and humus in moist woods. Fruit occasional,
autumn. Litchfield: New Milford, Nichols; Salisbury,
Gilman. Hartford: Hartford, Mrs. Lozve; Southington,
Chamberlain. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols. Windham:
Canterbury, Mrs. Eladley. Fairfield : Danbury, Eaton.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 121

New Haven: Hamden, Evans; Meriden, Eaton; Milford,
Harger; New Haven (1855) and Orange, Eaton; Oxford,
Harger; Woodbridge, Nichols. Middlesex : Killingvvorth,
Nichols.

New Brunswick to Nebraska, south to Georgia ; California ;
Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref, Eaton, 15, 63.

FAMILY MNIACE.E vl

Mnium (Dill.) L.

1. Leaf cells not arranged in oblique rows; border of leaves

several cells thick; marginal teeth in pairs 2

Leaf cells tending to be arranged in diverging rows,
gradually increasing in size from the border toward the
midrib 5

2. Lid strongly convex, mammiform or apiculate; midrib

toothed at back M. hornum

Lid rostrate 3

3. Midrib smooth at back; monoicous (synoicous) 4

Midrib toothed at back; dioicous M. orthorrhynchum

4. Perichsetial leaves forming- a rosette, not crispate when

dry; capsules borne in clusters ." M. spinulosiim

Perichastial leaves not forming a rosette, crispate when
dry; capsules borne singly M. marginatum

5. Leaves serrate, teeth single, border one cell thick 6

Leaves entire 11

6. Monoicous (synoicous) 7

Dioicous 9

7. Lid rostrate; stomata scattered over the entire capsule..

M. rostratum
Lid strongly convex, apiculate; stomata present only on
neck of capsule 8

8. Capsules borne singly; leaves serrate to middle. .M. cuspidatum
Capsules borne in clusters; leaves serrate to base. .M. medium

9. Margin of leaves obscurely toothed M. rugicum

Marginal teeth of 2-4 cells 10

10. Marginal teeth robust M. affine

Marginal teeth slender M. ciliare

11. Border narrow, scarcely thickened, of one layer of cells. .

M. cinclidioides
Border broad, thickened M. punctatum

122 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Mnium hornum L.

Moist banks and wet rocks in the woods. May-June.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilnian. Hartford: East Hartford
and Manchester, Miss Lorens. Tolland: ElHngton, Pease.
Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield : Monroe,
Miss Lorenz. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols; East
Haven (1875), Eaton; Hamden, /. A. Allen; New Haven and
North Haven, Nichols; Orange, Pease; Oxford, Harger.
Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New London : Groton
and Ledyard, C. B. Graves; Waterford, Miss Lorenz.

Newfoundland to Wyoming, and southward to Georgia ;
Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Mrs. E. G. Britton, 8, 4. Eaton, 15, 63. Mrs. Had-
ley, 40.

Mnium orthorrhynchum Br. & Sch.

Rocks and soil, usually calcareous, in shaded ravines.
July- Aug. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. New Haven:
Wallingford (1874), Barron.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

Mnium marginatum (Dicks.) Beauv. M. serratum
Schrad.

Shaded banks and rocks near streams and in moist woods.
May- June. Litchfield: Cornwall, Brewster; Salisbury, Gil-
man. Fairfield : Darien, Mrs. Loive. New Haven : An-
sonia, /. A. Allen; Cheshire, Evans; Hamden, Eaton; New
Haven (1878), /. A. Allen; Orange, Evans. Middlesex:
Durham, Evans. New London : Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Canada, Alaska, and the northern United States ; Europe ;
Asia.

Mnium spinulosum Br. & Sch.

On the ground in evergreen mountain or hill woods. May-
June. Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman. Fairfield: Darien,
Mrs. Loive. New Haven: Hamden (1881), /. A. Allen.

Nova Scotia and the northern Atlantic States, westward to
Alaska and Washington ; Europe ; Asia.

No. II.] THK I'.RVOPllVTRS OF COXKECTICUT. I23

Mnium rostratum Schrad. ' '

Shaded rocks in wet ravines. May- June. Litchfield:
Salisbury, Nichols. Fairfield : Darien, Mrs. Lozvc ; Sherman,
Nichols. New Haven: Hamden (1880), /. A. Allen; Wood-
bridge, O. D. Allen. Middlesex : East Haddam, C. B.
Graves. New London : Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Throughout temperate North America, and in most tem-
perate regions of the globe. - '*)*K~^^\'*^

Ref. Mrs. E. G. Britton, 8, 5. ^>^«Cve*^ - ^^rr^.

Mnium cuspidatum (L.) Leyss. M. sylvaticum Lindb. '^

Earth, stones, or old logs in moist woods. May-June.
Litchfield: New ]\Iilford and Salisbury, Nichols. Hart-
ford: Hartford, Mrs. Lowe; Windsor, W. E. Britton. Tol-
land: Ellington, Pease; Stafford, Nichols. Windham:
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lozvc;
Fairfield, Eames; Monroe, Miss Lorens; Sherman, Nichols;
Trumbull, Eames. New Haven : East Haven (1875), £a^o;f;
Madison, Nichols; New Haven, Eaton; North Branford and
North Haven, Evans. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.
New London : Groton and Montville, C. B. Graves; Norwich,
Setchell; Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Newfoundland to Florida and westward to the Pacific ;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63. Mrs. Hadley, 41.

Mnium medium Br. & Sch.

On earth or rotting stumps in moist, shaded places. "^
May- June. Litchfield: Norfolk (1877), Eaton. New^
Haven : New Haven, Eaton.

Greenland to Pennsylvania, westward to Alaska and Cali-
fornia ; Europe ; Asia.

Mnium ciliare (Grev.) Lindb. M. affine var. ciliarr ■^^
C. Miill.

Moist sandy soil in woods. i\Iay-June. Litchfield: ;^ ^-^
Salisbury, Gilman. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Lladley. y^LKM/^"^-
New Haven : Beacon Falls and East Haven, Nichols; Ham-
den (1858), Eaton; Woodbridge, Chattcrton.

124 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT, HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Nova Scotia to Louisiana, westward to British Columbia;
Europe ; Asia.
• Exsic. Holzinger, Musci Aero. Bor.-Amer. No. 247.
Ref. Mrs. E. G. Britton, 8, 5.

Mnium affine Bland.

Moist earth and rocks in woods and swamps. ]\Iay-June.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford: Hartford, Mrs.
Lowe; Southington, Chamberlain. Tolland : Stafford,
Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New
Haven: Ansonia, /. A. Allen; Beacon Falls and East Haven,
Nichols; Hamden (1865), Eaton; Orange, Evans; Wood-
bridge, /. A. Allen. Middlesex: Durham, Evans: Killing-
worth, Nichols.

Throughout northern North America, south to Florida and
California ; Europe ; Asia; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 63.

Mnium rugicum Laur. M. affine var. rngicuni Br. & Sch.

On the ground in shaded swamps and ravines. May-June.
Fairfield: Sherman, Nichols. New Haven: Hamden
(1880), Eaton; Woodbridge, Setchell.

Greenland and Labrador to Alaska, south to Louisiana and
Colorado; Europe.

Mnium punctatum (L.) Hedw.

On the ground in swamps or wet woods. Spring. Litch-
field: Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford: East Hartford, Miss
Lorenz; Hartford, Mrs. Lozve; Windsor, Miss Lorenz. Wind-
ham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley; Windham, Nichols. New
Haven: Bethany, O. D. Allen; Cheshire, Eaton; Derby,
Eames; Hamden (1855), Eaton; Orange, Nichols; Oxford,
Harger; Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex : Killingworth,
Nichols. New London : Groton, C. B. Graves; Ledyard,
Nichols; Montville, Stonington, and Waterford, C. B. Graves.
■^,,0^ Var. datum Schimp.
'-^^ Litchfield: Norfolk, Eaton; Salisbury, Nichols. Tol-

^'^j^y*, land: Stafford, Mc/to/.y. Windham: Canterbury, iV/r^'. //aaf-
rfl i^y- Thompson, Miller. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols;

Hamden (1875) Eaton.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I25

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Mrs. E. G. Britton, 8, 5. Eaton, 15, 64.

JS Mnium cinclidioides Huben.

Swamps, pools, and wet places in the woods. Fruit rare,
June. Litchfield: Litchfield, T. F. Allen. Hartford:
Farmington (1859), Eaton. New Haven: .Beacon Falls,
Nichols; East Haven, /. A. Allot; Hamden and Orange,
Eaton; Oxford, Hargcv. Middlesex: Killingworth, Nichols;
Saybrook, Eaton. New London : Norwich, Harger.

Northern North America, south in the east to Pennsylvania ;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 64.

FAMILY AULACOMNIACE^

Aulacomnium Schwaegr, ^ ^

Monoicous; leaves coarsely serrate in upper half; plants
not gemmiparous A. heterostichum

Dioicous; leaves serrulate near apex; sterile plants fre-
quently producing genimre at the tips of flagelliform
branches A. palustre

Aulacomnium heterostichum (Hedw.) Br. & Sch. f^o^— ^r

Moist banks and roots of trees in the woods. May-June. \'^^'^,
Litchfield: New Milford, Nichols; SaHsbury, Gilinaii. MS" 5" I,
Hartford: Burlington, A^ichols; Farmington, Mrs. Lozve;
Hartford, Miss Lor en::; Southington, Chamberlain ; Windsor,
Rover. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols. Windham: Canter-
bury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols; Darien,
Mrs. Lowe. New Haven: Ansonia, /. A. Allen; Beacon
Falls, Nichols; East Haven. Evans; Hamden (1858), Eaton;
Madison and Meriden, Nichols; New Haven, /. A. Allen;
Woodbridge, Setchell. Middlesex: Killingworth, Nichols.
New London : East Lyme, C. B. Graves; Ledyard, Nichols;
North Stonington, C. B. Graves.

Ontario to Wisconsin, south to Florida and Texas; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 64.

126 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Aulacomnium palustre (L.) Schwaegr.

In bogs and swampy woods. June. Litchfield: Salis-
bury, Nichols. Hartford: Canton, Nichols; Farmington,
Mrs. Lowe; West Hartford, Miss Lorens. Tolland: Elling-
ton, Pease; Willington, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury,
Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lowe; Stratford,
XicJiols. Xew Haven: East Haven, Eaton; Madison, Miss
Loreiiz; Aleriden, Nichols; New Haven (1855), Eaton; Ox-
ford, Harger. Middlesex : Chester, Nichols; Durham, Evans;
Killingworth, Nichols. New London : North Stonington, Old
Lyme, and Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Arctic America, southward to the mountains of South
Carolina, L^tah. and California ; South America ; Europe ; Asia ;
Australia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 64. Mrs. Hadley. 40.

FAMILY MEESIACE^
-. Meesia Hedw.

^ Meesia triquetra (L.) Aongstr. .1/. trislicha Br. & Sch.

In wet meadows and peat bogs. June-July. Hartford:
Berlin (1875), Coleman. New Haven: New Haven, /. A.
Allen.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 64.

'V

FAMILY BARTRAMIACE^
r Plagiopus Brid.

Plagiopus Oederi (Gunn.) Limpr. Bartramia Oederi Sw.

Moist calcareous rocks or soil in mountainous and hilly
woods. Spring. Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford:
West Hartford, Miss Lor'ens. Fairfield: Monroe, Harger;
Sherman, Nichols. New Haven: Cheshire (1856), Eaton;
Hamden, /. A. Allen; Meriden, Eaton.

Canada and the northern United States, south in the east
to North Carolina ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 64.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 127

Bartramia Hedw.

Bartramia pomiformis (L.) ITedw.

Rocks or soil in moist woods. Spring. LrrciiriiiLo: New
Milford, Nichols; Salisbury, Gihnan. Hartford: Hartford,
Mrs. Lozvc; Southington, Chamberlain; West Hartford, Miss
Lorens; Windsor, W. E. Britton. Tolland : Stafford, Nich-
ols. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield:
Huntington and Sherman, Nichols; Trumbull, Eaincs. New
Haven : Beacon Falls and East Haven, Nichols; Hamden,
Eaton; Madison and Meriden, Nichols; New Haven (1855),
Eaton; North Haven, Nichols; Oxford, Harger. Middlesex:
Killingw^orth, Nichols. New London : Ledyard, Nichols;
North Stonington, C. B. Graves.

Arctic America and Canada, southward to Alabama and
Colorado; South America; Europe; Asia; Africa; New Zea-
land.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 64.

Philonotis Brid.

Philonotis fontana (L.) Brid.

In swamps or wet places and on dripping rocks, rarely
on limestone. Fruit occasional, June. Litchfield: New
Milford. Nichols; Salisbury, Todd. Hartford: Hartford
and Windsor, Miss Lorens. Tolland: Bolton, Nichols;
Ellington, Pease; Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury,
Mrs. Hadley; Windham, Nichols. Fairfield: Easton, Eames;
Huntington, Nichols; Redding, Evans. New Haven : Beacon
Falls, Nichols; Hamden, Eaton; Meriden, Nichols; New
Haven (1856) and North Branford, Eaton. Middlesex: Kil-
lingworth, Nichols. New London : Groton and Ledyard,
C. B. Graves.

Arctic and temperate North America, south in the east to
Florida; a cosmopolitan.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 64.

FAMILY TIMMIACE^
Timmia Hedw.
Timmia cucullata Michx. T. megapolitana of American
authors, in part.

7.^

128 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

On moist shaded banks, especially in limestone regions.
Spring. Litchfield: Cornwall, Hall; Salisbury, Gilman.
Hartford: Windsor, Miss Lor ens. New Haven : Hamden,
Eaton; Woodbridge (1878), Brezvster.

Newfoundland to Pennsylvania and westward to the
Pacific; Europe.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 183
(as T. havarica var. cucullata).

Ref. Eaton, 15, 72.

FAMILY HEDWIGIACE^
V Hedwigia Ehrh.

I Hedwigia albicans (Web.) LindbJ H. ciliata Ehrh. ^^ H^^

On rocks and bowlders of various kinds, but never on
limestone. Spring. Litchfield: New Milford and Salis-
bury, Nichols. Hartford: Hartford, Mrs. Lozve; Plainville,
Chamberlain. Tolland : Stafford, A^/c/ro/^. Windham : Can-
terbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols; Darien,
Mrs. Lowe; Huntington, Nichols; Stratford, Eanies. New
Haven : East Haven, Evans; Hamden, Eaton; Madison and
Meriden, Nichols; New Haven and Orange (1873), Eaton.
Middlesex: Killingworth, Nichols. New London: Led-
yard, Nichols; Water ford, C. B. Graves.

Throughout North America, and in most quarters of the
globe.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 62.

yyi,^/^<^ W^paMily fontinalace.e
Fontinalis (Dill.) L.

1. Stem leaves keeled F. antipyretica

Leaves not keeled 2

2. Leaves 2-3 mm. long, firm, yery concave throughout and

incurved at the margins F. dalecarlica

Leaves 3-5-7 mm. long, slightly concave 3

3. Branches obliquely spreading; leaves flaccid, plane in the

upper half F. Lescurii

Branches w^idely spreading; leaves firmer, concave
throughout F. Novae-Angliae

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I29

Fontinalis antipyretica L. var. gigantea SuU.

On stones and wood in flowing water. Fruit occasional,
summer. Litchfield: Goshen, Underwood; Salisbury, Mrs.
Phelps. Hartford: Burlington and Granby, Nichols; West
Hartford, Miss Lorens. Tolland : Bolton, Nichols; Somers,
Pease; Stafford, Nichols. New Haven : Bethany, Eaton;
Cheshire, Nichols; Hamden, /. A. Allen; New Haven (1856),
Smith; Orange and Oxford, Harger.

Canada and the northern United States; Europe; Asia;
Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

Fontinalis dalecarlica Schimp.

On stones in rapid mountain or hill streams. Summer.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Burlington,
Nichols; West Hartford, Miss Lorens. Tolland: Vernon,
Nichols. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols; Hamden
(1866), Eaton. Middlesex: Chester and Killingworth,
Nichols. New London : Ledyard, C. B. Graves.

Greenland and Labrador to Kansas, south to Alabama;
Europe.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

Fontinalis Novae-Angliae Sull.

Pools and running water in streams. Summer. Litch-
field : Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford : Burlington, Nichols.
Tolland : Vernon, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols; Bethany,
Eaton; East Haven, Nichols; Hamden, /. A. Allen; Meriden
and New Haven (1855), Eaton; Orange, /. A. Allen. New
London : Groton, C. B. Graves.

Newfoundland to Ontario, and south to North Carolina.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65. Lesquereux & James, 50, 271. SuUi-
vant, 68, 654 (as F. biformis Sull.) ; 69, 54 (as F. biformis),
104; 70, 105.

Fontinalis Lescurii Sull.

On stones in streams. Summer. Litchfield: Salisbury,
Nichols. Hartford: Bloomfield, Miss Loren:^; Burlington,
9

130 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Nichols. Tolland : Stafford, Nichols. New Haven : Beacon
Falls, Nichols; Derby, O. D.. Allen; Hamden, /. A. Allen;
New Haven (1855), Eaton; Wallingford, Barron; Wood-
bridge, Eaton. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.

Nova Scotia to Alabama, westward to the Rocky Moun-
tains.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

Dichelyma Myrin

Dichelyma capillaceum (L.) Schimp.

On bushes and sticks in ponds and water holes. Summer.
Tolland : Stafford and Willington, Nichols. Windham :
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadlcy. New Haven : Branford and East
Haven, Eaton; Hamden, Nichols; New Haven (1855) ^"^
Orange, Eaton. Middlesex : Saybrook, Eaton. New Lon-
don : North Stonington and Waterford, C. B. Graves.

New Brunswick to Ontario and Pennsylvania ; Europe.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 187.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

FAMILY CRYPH.^ACE^
Cryphaea INIohr
Cryphaea glomerata Br. & Sch.

Trunks of trees in the woods. Spring. New Haven :
Hamden (1875), Young.

Connecticut to Ohio, south to the Gulf of Mexico.
Ref. Eaton, 15, 64. Rau, 63, 152. Rau & Hervey, 64,
52.

FAMILY LEUCODONTACE^
Leucodon Schwaegr.

Capsule exserted beyond the perichaetial leaves.... L. julaceus
Capsule exserted but surpassed by the perichaetial leaves..

L. brachypus

Leucodon julaceus (L.) Sull.

Trunks of trees in the woods. Autumn. Windham :
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven: New Haven (1855),
Eaton; North Branford, Harger; Orange, Eaton; Oxford,
Harger. New London : North Stonington, C. B. Graves.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I3I

New England to Michigan, soulli to Florida and Texas.
Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

Leucodon brachypus Brid.

Trees and rocks in mountainous or hilly woods. PVuit rare,
autumn. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Can-
ton, Nichols; Hartford, Miss Lorena. Windham : Canter-
bury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven : Guilford and New Haven
(1856), £a/07^. Middlesex: Killingworth, iVic/io/.y.

Nova Scotia to Kansas, south to the Gulf States.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

Forsstroemia Lindb.

Forsstroemia trichomitria (Hedw.) Lindb. Leptodon
trichomitrion Mohr.

On trees in the woods, rarely on rocks. Autumn. Hart-
ford: Hartford, Mrs. Lowe; West Hartford, Miss Lorenz.
New Haven: Cheshire, Eaton; Hamden, /. A. Allen; New
Haven, Evans; North Haven, Eaton; Orange, /. A. Allen;
Waterbury (1855), Blackman; Woodbridge, Evans. Middle-
sex : Saybrook, Eaton.

Ontario and New England, south to the Gulf States ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

FAMILY NECKER.^CE^

Neckera Hedw, .

Neckera pennata (L.) Hedw.

On trees and moist rocks in mountainous or hilly woods.
Autumn. Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford: Hart-
ford, Miss Lorenz. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
New Haven: Branford, East Haven, and New Haven (1855),
Eaton; Southbury, Harger; Woodbridge, Evans. Middle-
sex : Chester, Nichols; Saybrook, Eaton.

Nova Scotia to Manitoba and Yukon Territory, soutii to
North Carohna ; found in most temperate regions of the world.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 188.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

j(o

132 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Homalia (Brid.) Br. & Sch.
Homalia Jamesii Schimp.
' Rocks and crevices in mountainous or hilly districts. Au-
tumn. Litchfield : Salisbury, Miss Lorenc. New .Haven :
Hamden (1881), /. A. Allen.

Newfoundland and Nova Scotia to Pennsylvania; Wash-
ington.

FAMILY ENT0D0NTACE;E

Schwetschkeopsis Broth.

Schwetschkeopsis denticulata (Sull.) .Broth. Lcskea
denticulata Sull.

At the base of trees or on rocks. Fruit rare. New Haven :
Orange (1880), O. D. Allen.

Connecticut and New York to Florida, west to the Missis-
sippi River ; Asia.

Platygyrium Br. & Sch.

Platygyrium repens (Brid.) Br. & Sch.

On roots and trunks of trees, especially chestnut and beech,
on old logs, stumps, and stones. Autumn. Litchfield : Salis-
bury, Nichols. Tolland : Stafford, Nichols. Windham :
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Sherman, Nichols.
New Haven : East Haven, O. D. Allen; Hamden, Evans;
New Haven (1855), Eaton; North Haven, Evans; Oxford,
Harger. Middlesex : Middlefield, Evans. New London :
New London, C. B. Graves.

North America, west to the Rocky Mountains; Europe;
Asia.; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Entodon C. Miill.

Branches usually complanate; annulus clearly differen-
tiated; teeth i2-i8-articulate E. cladorrhizans

Branches usually terete; annulus not clearly defined; teeth
7-10-articulate E. seductrix

Entodon cladorrhizans (Hedw.) C. Miill. Cylindrothe-
citmi cladorrhisans Schimp.

No. II.] THE BRYOPIIYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I33

On decaying" logs, on stones, and at the base of trees in
moist woods. Autumn. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols.
Hartford: Southington, Chamberlain. Tollani): Ellington,
Pease. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield:
Danbury, Nichols. New Haven : Hamden, /. A. Allen; Madi-
son, Nichols; Orange, Eaton; Oxford, Mariner; Woodbridge
(1866), Eaton.

New Brunswick to Miimcsota, and south to the Gulf States;
Europe.

Ref. tiaton, 15, 66.

Entodon seductrix (Hedw.) C. Miill. Cylindrothecium
seductrix Sull.

On decaying wood, earth, rocks, and roots of trees in moist
woods. Autumn. Hartford : Hartford, Miss Lorenz. Tol-
land: Bolton and Stafford, Nichols. Windham: Canter-
bury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Danbury, Eaton; Darien,
Mrs. Lozve; Sherman, Nichols. New Haven : East Haven,
Hamden, and Madison, Nichols; New Haven and Orange
(1855), Eaton; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, J. A. Allen.
Middlesex: Killingworth, Nichols.

New England to Minnesota, south to Florida and Texas.

Exsic. Grout, N. Amer, Musci Pleuro. Nos. 51, 173.
. Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Pylaisia Br. & Sch.

1. Segments of inner peristome entirclj^ free from tcctli.

basal membrane distinct; spores 0.008-0.012 mm. in

diameter P. subdenticulata

Segments of inner peristome partially or wholly adherent
to teeth, basal membrane obscure or lacking 2

2. Partially adherent; spores 0.016-0.024 mm. in diameter. . . .

P. Schimperi

Wholly adherent; spores 0.025-0.032 mm. in diameter

P. intricata

Pylaisia Schimperi Card. P. intricata of some author.*:..

Bark of trees or decaying wood in the woods or in the
open. Autumn. Litchfield: New Milford and Salisbury,
Nichols. Hartford: Canton, Nichols; Hartford, Miss Lo-

134 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

renz; Southington, Nichols. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols.
Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Darien,
Mrs. Lozve. New Haven: Branford (1874), Kleeherger :
East Haven, Evans; Hamden, Eaton; New Haven, /. A. Allen;
Orange and Woodbridge, Veitch. Middlesex : Chester, Nich-
ols. New London : New London, C. B. Graves.

New Brunswick to the Gulf States, westward to the Rocky
Mountains ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Pylaisia subdenticulata Schimp.

On rocks and at the base of trees in the woods. Autumn.
Tolland: Ellington (1876), Pease. Windham: Canter-
bury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven: New Haven, /. A. Allen.

New England to Illinois, southward to Florida and New
Mexico.

Pylaisia intricata (Hedw.) Br. & Sch. P. velutina Schimp.

On stumps and trees in mountainous or hilly woods. Au-
tumn. Litchfield: SdMshnry, Nichols. New Haven : East
Haven, O. D. Allen; Hamden, Young; Milford, Harger; New
Haven (1855), Eaton.

Newfoundland to Ontario, south to North Carolina.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Homalothecium Br. & Sch.

llomalothecium subcapillatum (Hedw.) Sull.

Trunks of trees in the woods. Autumn. Fairfield:
Darien, Mrs. Lozve. New Haven: Cheshire (1855), Black-
man; East Haven and New Haven, Eaton; Woodbridge, Pease.

New England to North Carolina.

Exsic. Grout, N. Amer. Musci Pleuro. No. 108.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Hi FAMILA^ FABRONIACE^

Anacamptodon Bnd.
Anacamptodon splachnoides (Frol.) Brid.
On tnmks and decaying shelves of trees, in forks, around
knot holes full of water, on old stumps and logs, from sea level

No. II.] THE BRYOPIIYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I35

to high altitudes. Local. Spring. Hartford: East Hart-
ford, Mrs. Lozve. New Haven : Cheshire, Hamden, and New
Haven, Nichols; Wallingford (1880), O. D. Allen.

New England to Alabama, west to Illinois and Texas;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Mrs. Lowe, 56.

FAMILY LESKEACE7E "2^'

Thelia Sull.

1. Papillae of leaves simple T. hirtella

Papillae of leaves variously divided at the tip 2

2. Leaves ciliate; plants growing on trees T. asprella

Leaves not ciliate; plants growing on rocks and earth....

T. Lescurii

Thelia hirtella (Hedw.) Sull.

Stumps, roots, and trunks of trees in the woods. Autumn.
Hartford: Southington, Nichols. Tolland: Ellington,
Pease; Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Had-
ley. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lozve; Sherman, Nichols. New
Haven: East Haven (1855), Eaton; Madison, Basye; New
Haven, /. A. Allen; Oxford, Harger; Woodbcidge, Nichols.
Middlesex: Killingworth, Nichols. New London: Water-
ford, C. B. Graves.

Ontario and New England to Kansas, south to the Gulf
States.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65. Mrs. Hadley, 41.

Thelia asprella (Schimp.) Sull.

Stumps, roots, and trunks of trees in the woods. Autumn.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Hartford, Miss
Lorens. Tolland: Ellington, Pease; Stafford, Nichols.
Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Darien,
Mrs. Lozve. New Haven : East Haven, O. D. Allen; Ham-
den, Eaton; Meriden, Nichols; New Haven (1855), Eaton.
Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New London : Nor-
wich, Setchell.

■ Ontario and New England to Florida, west to Minnesota
and Texas.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

136 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Thelia Lescurii Siill.

On trap ledges, flat rocks, and dry, sandy soil. Fruit rare,
autumn. Litchfield: New Milford, Nichols. Hartford:
Farmington, Miss Lorenz. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lowe.
New Haven: East Haven, /. A. Allen; New Haven (1877),
Eaton; Oxford, Harger. New London : Waterford, C. B.
Graves.

Massachusetts to Missouri, south to the Gulf States.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65. Grout, 38. Rau & Hervey, 64, 52.

Myurella Br. & Sch.

Leaves serrulate, obtuse, rarely short-apiculate M. julacea

Leaves spinulose-dentate, abruptly long-acuminate. .M. gracilis

Myurella julacea (Vill.) Br. & Sch.

On rocky banks and in shady fissures of rocks, especially
limestone, in mountainous or hilly districts. Fruit rare, July-
Aug. New Haven: Branford and Woodbridge (1880), /. A.
Allen.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe ; Asia.

Myurella gracilis (Weinm.) Lindb. il/. Careyana. Snll.

Crevices of moist rocks, usually limestone, in mountainous
or hilly regions. Fruit rare, spring. Litchfield: Norfolk
(1903), Miss Lorens; Salisbury, Evans. Hartford: Wind-
sor, Miss Lorens. Fairfield : Sherman, Nichols.

Nova Scotia to Minnesota, south to North Carolina ; Eu-
rope ; Asia.

Haplohymenium Doz. & Molk.

Haplohymenium triste (Cesati) Kindb. Lcskea tristis
Cesati. Anoniodon tristis Sull.

On steep sunny rocks and at the base of trees. Not yet
found fruiting in North America. Litchfield : New Milford,
Nichols. New LLwen : East Haven (1856), Hamden, and
New Haven, Eaton; North Branford, Evans; Woodbridge,
Eaton.

Eastern United States; Europe; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I37

Anomodon Hook. & Tayl.

1. Upper half of leaves Ungulate, obtuse or short-apiculate,

leaves spreading when moist 2

Upper half of leaves more or less tapering 3

2. Leaves apiculate and with large auricles at the base....

A. apiculatus
Leaves rounded at apex, base not auriculate A. minor

3. Leaves blunt, apiculate, subsecund; branches tapering....

A. attenuatus
Leaves narrowlj' acuminate, spreading when moist;
branches blunt A. rostratus

Anomodon apiculatus Br. & Sch.

On shaded rocks and at the base of trees. Autumn. Litch-
field: Salisbury (1900), Gilinan.

Ontario and New England, south to Georgia ; Europe ;
Asia.

Anomodon minor (Beauv.) Fiirn. A. obtnsifolius Br.
& Sch.

On trees and rocks in the woods. Fruit rare, autumn.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. F.\irfield: Darien, Mrs.
Lozve; Sherman, Nichols. New H.a.ven : Cheshire, Evans;
Orange (1875), Eaton; Oxford, Harger.

New Brunswick to South Dakota, south to Virginia ; Asia.

Ref. Chamberlain. 12, 78. Eaton, 15, 65.

Anomodon attenuatus (Schreb.) Hiiben.

Rocks, stumps, and trees in the woods. Autumn. Litch-
field: New Milford, Nichols; Salisbury, GUman. H.-\rtford:
West Hartford, Miss Lorcns. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols.
Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield : Danbury,
Nichols; Darien, Mrs. Loivc. New H.wen : Beacon Falls
and Cheshire, Nichols; Hamden, Eaton; Meriden, Nich-
ols; New Haven (1856), Eaton; Oxford, Harger. Middle-
sex: Killingworth, Nichols. New London: Ledyard, Nichols.

Newfoundland to Florida, west to British Columbia and
Kansas ; Cuba ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

138 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Anomodon rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp.

At the base of trees and on rocks in the woods. Autumn.
Litchfield: Cornwall, Brezvster; New Milford, Nichols;
Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford: Farmington, Mrs. Lowe;
Hartford, Miss Lorenz. Tolland : Stafford, Nichols. Wind-
ham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield : Danbury, Nich-
ols; Darien, Mrs. Lozve; Sherman, Nichols. New Haven :
Beacon Falls, Nichols; Hamden, /. A. Allen; Meriden, Nich-
ols; New Haven (1855), Eaton; Woodbridge, Nichols. Mid-
dlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New London : North Ston-
ington, C. B. Graves.

Canada to the Gulf of Mexico ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65. Mrs. Hadley, 42.

Leskea Hedw.

Leaves ovate-oblong-, obtuse, not plicate t. obscura

Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate, biplicate. . . .

L. polycarpa

Leskea polycarpa Ehrh.

On roots and stones, trunks of trees, and decaying wood in
wet places. May- June. Tolland: Ellington, Pease. Fair-
field : Darien, Mrs. Lozve. New Haven : New Haven,
Eaton; Oxford, Harger; Wallingford (1878), Barron. New
London : New London, Spaulding.

Newfoundland to British Columbia, and southward ; Eu-
rope; Asia.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 192'=.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

Leskea obscura Hedw.

Roots of trees, stones, and logs subject to inundation. May-
June. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols; Woodbury, Eaton.
Hartford: Farmington, Mrs. Lozve; Hartford, Miss Lorenz.
Tolland : Vernon, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley. New Haven : East Haven, Nichols; Hamden, O. D.
Allen; New Haven (1874), Eaton; North Haven, Nichols;
Wallingford, Barron. Middlesex : Killingworth and Port-
land, Nichols. New London : New London, C. B. Graves.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 1 39

New Brunswick, Ontario, and the United States east of the
Rocky Mountains ; Japan.
Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

Rauia Aust.

Rauia scita (Bcauv.) Aust. Hypmim scitum Beauv.
Thnidiuni scitum Aust.

At tlie base of trees and on stones in the woods. Autumn.
Tolland : ElHngton, Pease; Stafford, Nichols. Windham :
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven : Hamden and New
Haven, /. A. Allen; Orange, Eaton; Walhngford, Barron;
Woodbridge (1866), Eaton.

Ontario and New England, south to North Carohna and
Missouri.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

Haplocladium C. Miill.
Stem leaves roundish-ovate, abruptly short-acuminate....

H. virginianum
Stem leaves ovate, gradually acuminate H. microphyllum

Haplocladium virginianum (Brid.) Broth. Hypnum
gracilc var. lancastriense Sull. & Lesq. Thuidiiim virginianum
Lindb.

On the ground in open woods. May-June. Litchfield:
Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Canton, Nichols. Tolland:
Staft'ord, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield : Danbury, Nichols; Darien, Mrs. Lozve. New
Haven : Beacon Falls and Meriden, Nichols; New Haven
(1876), Pease; Orange, Nichols; Oxford, Harger. Middle-
sex : Killingworth, Nichols. New London : Montville, C. B.
Graves.

Massachusetts to Wisconsin, south to Mexico; Europe.

Exsic. Grout, N. Amer. Musci Pleuro. No. 172 (as
Thuidiiim virginianum) .

Ref. Mrs. Lov/e, 55; 58.

Haplocladium microphyllum (Sw.) Broth. Hypnum
gracile Br. & Sch. Thuidium gracile Br. & Sch. T. micro-
phyllum Best.

I40 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

On rotten wood, bases of trees, stones, and the ground.
Summer. New Haven: Woodbridge (1879), /. A. Allen.

New Brunswick to British Columbia, and southward to the
Gulf of Mexico ; Cuba ; Jamaica : Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Limpricht, 5l^ 828.

Claopodium (Lesq. & James) Ren. & Card.

Claopodium pellucinerve (Mitt.) Best.

" On an old log in a swamp." Fairfield: Darien (1903),
Mrs. Lowe.

Known from but two other localities — North India and
Yukon Territory.

Ref. Miss Wheeler, 80.

Thuidium Br. & Sch.

1. Monoicous ; plants small 2

Dioicous; plants large, stems 6-10 cm. long 3

2. Stem 1-2 cm. long; branches papillose T. pygmaeum

Stem 2-4 cm. long; branches smooth T. minutulum

3. Stem pinnately branched; plants ascending T, abietinum

Stems mostly bipinnatelj^ branched; plants prostrate 4

4. Stem leaves abruptly acuminate, margin plane, midrib

percurrent; perichastial leaves not ciliate. . . .T. recognitum
IVfargin of stem leaves revolute. midrib vanishing below
the apex 5

5. Branches densely paraphyllose; stem leaves gradually

acuminate, coarsely papillose; pericha^tial leaves ciliate

T. delicatulum
Branches with few or no paraphyllia; stem leaves minutely
papillose; perichsetial leaves not ciliate T. Alleni

Thuidium pygmaeum Br. & Sch. Hypnuni pygmceum
Sull.

Rocks or earth in the woods. Summer. New Haven :
Cheshire (1879), /. A. Allen.

New England to Ohio ; Canada ; Asia.

Thuidium minutulum (Hedw.) Br. & Sch. Hypmim
minutulum Hedw.

At the base of trees and on rotten logs in the woods.
Autumn. New Haven: New Haven (1855) and Orange,
Eaton; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Evans.

No. II.] THE I5RY0PIIYTF..S OF CONNECTICUT. I4I

New Brunswick to Minnesota, south to Florida and Mexico;
Europe.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65.

Thuidium recognitum (Hedw.) Lindb. Hypnitm recog-
nitimi Hedw.

On the ground, rotten wood, and rocks in moist woods.
Nov.-Dec. Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford:
Hartford, Mrs. Lotve. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols. Wind-
ham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield : Darien, Mrs.
Lowe. New Haven: East Haven (1855), Eaton; Hamden,
/. A. Allen. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.

Labrador to Yukon Territory, south in the east to Florida ;
Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Thuidium delicatulum (L.) Br. & Sch. Hypnum deli-
catuluni L.

On the ground, rocks, and rotten wood in moist woods.
Nov.-Dec. Litchfield: New Milford, Nichols; Norfolk,
Eaton; Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford: Burlington, Nichols;
'West Hartford, Miss Lorenz. Tolland: Ellington, Pease; ^'^
Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. ^TX^
Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols; Darien, Mrs. Lowe. New
Haven : East Haven and Hamden, Eaton; Madison, Nichols;
New Haven, /. A. Allen; Orange, Evans; Oxford, Harger;
Woodbridge (1875), Eaton. Middlesex: Chester and Kil-
lingworth, N^ichols. New London: North Stonington and
Water ford, C. B. Graves.

Labrador to the Rocky Mountains, south to the Gulf States
and Mexico ; West Indies ; Central and South America ;
Europe; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 65. IMrs. Lowe, 59.

J J) Thuidium Alleni Aust. Hypnum Alleni Lesq. & James.
Peat bogs. Mature sporophyte unknown. New Haven :
New Haven (1880), /. A. Allen.
Connecticut to Louisiana.
Ref. Austin, 4, 15, 16. Grout, 37, 240. Lesquereux &

142 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

James, 50, 327. Paris, 61, 275 ; 62^ 3. Rau & Hervey,
64, 52. Renauld & Cardot, 65, 16.

Thuidium abietinum (L.) Br. & Sch. Hypnuni abietinnm
L.

On rocks and the ground in dry, open woods, especially
in calcareous districts. Spring; not yet found fruiting- in
the eastern United States. Litchfield: Salisbury (1907),
Nichols.

Greenland to Virginia, westward to Alaska and the Rocky
Mountains ; Europe ; Asia.

Elodium (Sull.) Warnst.

Elodium paludosum (Sull.) Loeske. Hypnum paliidosum
Sull. Thuidium paludosum Jaeg. & Sauerb.

On the ground in swamps and bogs. June. Hartford:
Canton, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lozuc; Stratford, Nichols. New
Haven : East Haven, O. D. Allen; Hamden and New Haven
(1856), Eaton; Orange, Evans; Woodbridge, Eaton. Middle-
sex : Chester, /. A. Allen; Middlefield, Evans; Saybrook,
Eaton.

Ontario and New England, south to Delaware and Illinois :
Asia.

Exsic. Grout, N. Amer. Musci Pleuro. No. 156 (as
Thuidium paludosum) .

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66. Mrs. Hadley, 40. Mrs. Lonnc, 58.
Rau, 63, 152.

FAMILY HYPNACE^

Camptothecium Br. & Sch.

Camptothecium nitens (Schreb.) Schimp. Hypnum
nitens Schreb.

Swamps, bogs, and wet meadows. May- June. Hartford :
Berlin (1875), Coleman.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I43

Brachythecium Br. & Sch.

1. Stalk smooth throughout* 2

Stalk more or less roughened 5

2. Dioicous 3

Monoicous 4

3. Capsules erect and symmetrical .B. acuminatum

Capsules unsymmetrical, more or less inclined. .B. oxycladon

4. Stem leaves gradually narrowed from base to slender

apex B. acutum

Stem leaves ovate-lanceolate B. salebrosum

5. Stalk rough above, nearly smooth below; monoicous 6

Stalk rough throughout with large, crowded papillae 8

6. Midrib extending nearly to apex of leaf B. populeum

Midrib extending to middle of leaf or a little beyond. ... 7

7. Cilia appendiculate B. plumosum

Cilia not appendiculate B. campestre

8. Dioicous 9

Monoicous 10

9. Cells of branch leaves about 5 times as long as broad,

unipapillate B. Novae-Angliae

Cells of branch leaves at least 8 times as long as broad,

smooth B. rivulare

ID. Stem leaves lanceolate; cilia not appendiculate. .B. velutinum

Stem leaves ovate to triangular-ovate 11

1 1. Cilia not appendiculate B. Rutabulum

Cilia appendiculate B. Starkei

Brachythecium salebrosum (Hoffm.) Br. & Sch. Hyp-
niini salebrosum Hoffm.

On rocks and earth, trunks and roots of trees, and decaying
wood, in moist shaded places, especially in pine or hemlock
woods. Autumn. Hartford : Farmington, Mrs. Lowe. Tol-
land : Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lozve. New Haven:
Cheshire and East Haven, Nichols; Guilford, Hamden, and
New Haven (1856), Eaton; North Haven, Harger; Orange,
Nichols; Woodbridge, Evans. New London : North Stoning-
ton, C. B. Graves.

Arctic America, Canada, and southward to South Caro-
lina and Missouri ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

144 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Brachythecium campestre (C. Miill.) Br. & Sch. Hyp-
nuni campestre Bruch.

Wet non-calcareous rocks, moist banks, or decaying logs.
Winter. Litchfield : Salisbury, Nichols. New Haven :
Haniden (1876), Pease; New Haven, Eaton; North Branford,
/. A. Allen. New London : New London, C. B. Graves.

Canada and the northern United States, south to the
mountains of Alabama and Colorado ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Brachythecium acutum (j\Iitt.) SuU. Hypnum acutum
Mitt.

On rotten logs and earth in moist places. Autumn. New
Haven: New Haven (1875), P<^ase.

Canada and the northern United States, south to Arkansas.

Brachythecium oxycladon (Brid.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. Hyp-
num Icetiim Brid. Brachythecium Icetum Br, & Sch.

Earth, rocks, and roots of trees in open woods. Autumn.
Litchfield: New Milford, Nichols; Salisbury, Evans. Tol-
land: Somtrs, Pease ; Si2i^or6., Nichols. Windham: Canter-
bury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lowe; Hunt-
ington. Sherman, and Stratford, Nicliols. New Haven:
Cheshire (1856), Eaton; Hamden, /. A. Allen; New Haven
and Orange, £a/on; Woodbridge, M<:/?o/.y. Middlesex: Kil-
lingworth, Nichols; Saybrook, Eaton. New London : Water-
ford, C. B. Graves.

Newfoundland to Florida, westward to the Rocky
Mountains ; Europe.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Brachythecium Rutabulum (L.) Br. & Sch. Hypnum
Rutahulum L.

Earth, stones, trees, and rotting wood in shaded places.
Winter. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Windham:
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lowe;
Sherman, Nichols. New Haven : Cheshire, Nichols; Ham-
den, /. A. Allen; New Haven (1855), Eaton; Oxford, Harger.

No. II.] THE BRYOPIIYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I45

]\[ir)DLESEx: Saybrook. Eaton. New London: New London,
C. B. Graves.

Newfoundland to Michigan, south to Maryland and Mis-
souri, and on the Pacific slope ; Greenland ; Europe ; Asia ;
Africa.

Exsic. Grout, N. Amer. Musci Pleuro. No. 66. Renauld
& Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 243.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Brachythecium rivulare Br. & Sch. Hypnum rividare
Bruch.

Wet rocks in brooks, swamps, and ravines. Winter.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Burlington,
Nichols; Hartford, Mrs. Loivc. Tolland: Bolton, Nichols.
Windham : Windham, Nichols. New Haven : Beacon Falls,
Nichols; Bethany (1876), Eaton; Cheshire, Nichols; Hamden,
/. A. Allen; Woodbridge, Bre-wster.

Northern North America, south to North Carolina and
Missouri ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 244.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Brachythecium acuminatum (Hedw.) Kindb. Hypnum
acuminatum Beauv.

On roots of trees, decaying logs, and rocks in moist woods.
Autumn. Litchfield : Salisbury, Gilman. New Haven :
Orange (1889), Eaton.

Nova Scotia to Minnesota and Colorado, south to the
Gulf States.

Brachythecium plumosum (Sw.) Br. & Sch. Hypnum
plumosiim Sw.

Wet non-calcareous rocks in brooks. Autumn. Litch-
field: Salisbury, Gilman. Tolland: Stafford and Vernon,
Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley; Windham,
Nichols. Fairfield : Darien and Norwalk, Mrs. Lozve. New
Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols; Cheshire, Eaton; Derby and
Hamden, O. D. Allen; New Haven (1855), Eaton; Orange,
Evans; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex:

146 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull,

Killingworth, Xichols. New London : Waterford, C. B.
Graves.

Newfoundland to British Columbia, south in the east to
Alabama ; Europe ; Asia ; Hawaiian Islands.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66. Mrs. Lowe, 57.

Brachythecium populeum (Hedw.) Br. & Sch. Hypnunt
populeum Hedw.

Stones, roots, and trunks of trees, in shaded places, es-
pecially in pine woods. Winter. Windham : Canterbury,
Mrs. Hadley. New Haven: East Haven (1874), Young;
Hamden, 0. D. Allen; Madison, Nichols; New Haven, Eaton.

Var. rufescens Br. & Sch. Hypnum petrophilwm Funck.

On trap rock. New Haven: New Haven (1876), Pease.
The only American locality for the variety.

Nova Scotia to Ontario, south to North Carolina ; British
Columbia ; Europe ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton 15, 66. Grout, 34, 190 (var. rufescens).

Brachythecium Starkei (Brid.) Br. & Sch. Hypnum
Starkei Hedw.

At the base of trees, on rotting stumps and earth, in moist
mountainous or hilly woods. Winter. Fairfield: Darien,
Mrs. Lowe. New Haven: Woodbridge (1877), 0. D. Allen.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe.

Brachythecium Novae- Angliae (Sull. & Lesq.) Jaeg. &
Sauerb. Hypnnni Novcc-.inglicc Sull. & Lesq.

On the ground in swamps and wet woods. Winter.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Tolland: Bolton and
Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols; Darien and Norwalk, Mrs.
Lowe; Redding, Evans. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols;
East Haven, Evans; Hamden, Pease; Madison, Nichols;
New Haven (1855), Eaton; North Haven, Nichols; Orange,
Evans. Middlesex : Saybrook, Eaton. New London : Led-
yard, Nichols.

Xo. II.] THE HKYDl'HYTES OF CON NI-XTICUT. 147

Canada southward to North CaroHna and Missouri ;
Europe; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Brachythecium velutinum (L.) Br. & Sch. Hypnum
velutinum L.

On earth and rocks, at the base of trees, and on rotting
wood. Winter. New Haven : East Haven, Evans; Hamden
(1875), Young; New Haven, Eaton.

Canada and the northern United States ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Cirriphyllum Grout

Stalk smooth C. Boscii

Stalk rough C. piliferum

Cirriphyllum piliferum (Schreb.) Grout. Hypnum pili-
ferum Schreb. Eurynchitmi piliferum Br. & Sch.

On the ground and at the base of trees in wet woods and
meadows. Fruit rare, autumn. Litchfield : Salisbury,
Nichols. Hartford : Farmington, Mrs. Lowe. New Haven :
Woodbridge (1876), O. D. Allen.

Newfoundland to Maryland and Ohio; Montana to Cali-
fornia ; Greenland ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Cirriphyllum Boscii (Schwaegr.) Grout. Hypnum Boscii
Schwaegr. Eurynchium Boscii Jaeg. & Sauerb.

On rocks or on the ground in moist open woods. Fruit
rare, autumn. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Windham:
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Huntington, Nichols;
Redding, Evans; Sherman, Nichols. New Haven : Derby,
O. D. Allen; East Haven, Hamden, and Madison, Nichols;
Meriden, Miss Lorenz; New Flaven (1855), Eaton; Orange,
Evans; Oxford, Harger. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols;
Saybrook, Eaton. New London : Ledyard, Nichols; New
London, C. B. Graves; Norwich, Setchell; Old Lyme, Eaton.

Vermont to Florida, westward to Colorado and Arkansas.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66. Mrs. Hadley, 41.

148 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [DuU.

Eurynchium Br. & Sch.

1. Stalk smooth 2

Stalk rough 4

2. Mosses growing on earth, rocks, or logs in moist woods 3
Mosses growing on wet rocks in brooks or springs

E. rusciforme

3. Leaves spreading; branches attenuate E. strigosum

Leaves appressed-imbricated; branches short, julaceous..

E. diversifolium

4. Leaves distinctly papillose; median cells 4-6 times as long

as broad E. graminicolor

Leaves smooth or only slightly papillose; median cells
6-10 times as long as broad E. hians

Eurynchium strigosum (Hoffm.) Br. & Sch. Hypnum
strigosum Hoffm.

Gravelly soil or rocks, roots and old logs, in open woods.
Autumn. Tolland: Elhngton, Pease. Windham: Canter-
bury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven: East Haven, Eaton; Ham-
den, Pease; New Haven (1855), Eaton; Orange, Nichols;
Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex : Killing-
worth, Nichols.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Eurynchium diversifolium Br. & Sch. Hypnum diversi-
folium Schimp.

Soil and rocks in mountainotis woods. Late autumn.
Fairfield : Huntington, Nichols. New Haven : East Haven,
Cramer; Hamden and New Haven (1866), Eaton. New
London : Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Ontario and New England to British Columbia, south to
Louisiana ; Greenland ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Eurynchium graminicolor (Brid.) Ren. & Card. Hyp-
num Snllivaiitii Spruce. EuryncJiium SulUvantii Jaeg. &
Saucrb. Bryhnia graminicolor Grout.

No. II. I THI-: nKV()iMiYTi:s or- io.wik ricur. 149

On rocks and the <;Toun(l, rarely on wood, in moist
shaded places. Autumn. Litchfiei.d: Canaan and Salisbury,
Nichols. Tolland : Stafford, Nichols. New Haven : Bran-
ford and Cheshire (1858), Eaton; Derby, O. D. Allen; Ham-
den, Eaton; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, /. A. Allen.

New Brunswick to Minnesota, south to Georgia.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 196
(as £. Sidlivantii) .

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66. Grout, 35, 233.

Eurynchium hians (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Saucrb. Ilypnum
hians Hedw.

Moist earth in open woods. Late autumn. Litchfield:
Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford : Burlington and Canton,
Nichols; Manchester, Cheney. Tolland : Bolton and Staf-
ford, Mc/io/.y. Windham: Windham, McAo/,?. New Haven:
Cheshire (1855), Blackman; East Haven, Eaton; Hamden,
/. A. Allen; Meriden, Miss Lorcna; New Haven, Eaton;
Woodbridge, Evans. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.

Nova Scotia to British Columbia, south in the east to
Alabama ; Europe.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66.

Eurynchium ruscifcrme (Neck.) Milde. Hypnum nisei-
forme Neck. Rhynchoste giuin rusciforme Br. & Sch.

Dripping rocks and wet stones in brooks. Autumn.
Litchfield : Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford : Burlington and
Granby, Nichols. Tolland: Stafford and Vernon, Nichols.
Fairfield: Monroe, Miss Lorenj:; Redding, Evans. New
Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols; Hamden and New Haven
(1856), Eaton; Orange, Evans; Oxford, Harger; Wood-
bridge, O. D. Allen. Middlesex : East Haddam, C. B. Graves;
Killingworth, Nichols. New London : Ledyard, Nichols.

Newfoundland to Ontario, south to Georgia, and on the
Pacific slope ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 197
(as Rhynchoste gium rusciforme).

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

150 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Rhynchostegium Br. & Sch.

Rhynchostegium serrulatum (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
Hypnum serrulatum Hedw.

On earth, roots of trees, and logs in the woods. Autumn.
Litchfield: New Milford and Salisbury, Nichols. Hart-
ford : Farmington, Mrs. Lozve. Tolland : Stafford, Nichols.
Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield : Darien,
Mrs. Lozve; Huntington, Nichols; Norwalk, Mrs. Lozve. New
Haven: East Haven, Guilford, and Meriden, Eaton; Madi-
son, Nichols; New Haven (1855), Eaton; Orange, Evans;
Oxford, Harger. Middlesex : Chester and Killingworth,
Nichols. New London : Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Newfoundland to Wisconsin, south to the Gulf of Mexico ;
Alaska ; British Columbia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Sematophyllum Mitt.

1. Plants growing on wet rocks; monoicous; leaves entire;

cilia one or two, short and imperfect S. carolinianum

Plants growing on trees, decayed logs, or shaded banks;
dioicous 2

2. Cilia two, well developed; leaves serrulate at apex

S. recurvans
Cilia none or rudimentary; leaves sharply serrate at apex

S. tenuirostre

Sematophyllum recurvans (Michx.) E. G. Britton.
Hypnum recurvans Beauv. Rhynchostegium rccurz'ans Aust.

At the base of trees, on rotten logs, and on the ground,
in moist woods, especially in mountainous or hilly regions.
Autumn. Litchfield: Salisbury, GtVwaw. Hartford: Hart-
ford. Mrs. Lozjue. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols. Windham:
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Danbury. Nichols.
New Haven: Beacon Falls, Nichols; Hamden (1855),
Eaton; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex:
Killingworth, Nichols.

Var. squarrosa (Michx.) E. G. Britton. Leskea squar-
rosa Michx.

New Haven: New Haven (1890), Chatterfon.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 151

Newfoundland to Manitoba, south to North Carolina and
Missouri ; Mexico.

Ref. Mrs. E. G. Britton, lo, 6i (var. squarrosa). Eaton,
15. 67.

Sematophyllum tenuirostre (Br. & Sch.) E. G. Britton.
Hypnum cylindrocarpitm C. Miill. Rhynchostegium cylindro-
carpiim Aust.

On rocks and decaying logs in the woods. Autumn. New
Haven: Hamden (1878), /. A. Allen.

Labrador and Newfoundland, south to Georgia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Sematophyllum carolinianum (C. Miill.) E. G. Britton.
Hypnum demissum Wils. var. carolinianum Sull. & Lesq.

Wet, non-calcareous rocks in mountain or hill ravines.
Autumn. Litchfield : Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford : Hart-
ford, Mrs. Lotve. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lowe. New
Haven: Orange (1875), Young; Woodbridge, /. A. Allen.
Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.

Newfoundland to the Gulf States ; Asia.

Exsic. Grout, N. Amer. Musci Pleuro. No. 307 (as
Raphidostegium carolinianum) .

Isopterygium Mitt.

1. Leaves distinctly serrulate, at least in the apical half 2

Leaves entire, or nearly so 3

2. Plants monoicous; leaves serrulate to the middle

I. turfaceum
Plants dioicous; leaves serrulate to the base.. I. deplanatum

3. Le«.ves perfectly entire, without axillary propagula;

branchlets tending to become flagelliform at the tips

I. Muellerianum
Leaves slightly serrulate at apex, and frequently producing
numerous leafy propagula in the axils; branchlets never
flagelliform I. elegans

Isopterygium deplanatum (Schimp.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
Hypnum deplanatum Schimp. Rhynchostegium deplanatum
Sull.

On earth, flat stones, or rotten wood in moist woods.

152 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. .PURVEY. [Bllll.

Fruit rare, autumn. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols. New
Haven: Cheshire, £z/a;i.?; Hamden (1876), P^a^y^.

Nova Scotia to Manitoba, south to Maryland and Missouri.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Isopterygium turfaceum Lindb. Hypnum turf ac cum
Lindb.

In peat bogs or on moist rich soil in the woods. Early
summer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. New Haven:
East Haven, Nichols; Woodbridge (1880), /. A. Allen.

Canada south to Georgia and Texas ; Europe.

Isopterygium Muellerianum (Schimp.) Lindb. Hypnum
Muellerianum Hook. f.

Moist rocks and earth in mountainous or hilly ravines.
Fruit rare, late summer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Miss Lo-
renz. Hartford: Manchester, Miss Lorens. New Haven:
Beacon Falls, Nichols; Hamden (1880), /. A. Allen. Mid-
dlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.

New England to North Carolina and Ohio ; Europe ; Asia.

Isopterygium elegans (Hook.) Lindb. Hypnum elegans
Hook.

On the ground and rocks in mountainous or hilly woods.
Summer. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols; Woodbridge
(1879), /. A. Allen.

Throughout northern North America, and south along the
mountains to Alabama ; Europe ; Asia.

Plagiothecium Br. & Sch.

1. Leaves equally spreading, alar cells greatly enlarged;

branches erect P. striatellum

Leaves more or less complanate 2

2. Teeth of peristome not confluent at base and without cross

striations on outer surface; cilia lacking P. latebricola

Teeth of peristome confluent at base and distinctly trans-
versely striate on outer surface; cilia present 3

3. Monoicous; stems depressed; leaves distinctly complanate,

pale green, very glossy P. denticulatum

Dioicous 4

No. n.] Tin-: r.RvopiiVTES of coxnf.cticut. 153

4. Stems depressed: leaves distinctly complanate, acute to

acuminate, dark green, scarcely glossy P. sylvaticum

Stems ascending; leaves obscurely complanate or spread-
ing, distinctly acuminate, pale green, glossy. ..P, Roeseanum

Plagiothecium latebricola (Wil.s.) Br. & Scli. Hypiuim
latebricola Lindb.

Roots, stumps, and hummocks in swamps. Late summer.
New Haven: East Haven (1879), J- ^- Allen.

Nova Scotia to Ontario, south to Alabama ; Europe.

Plagiothecium sylvaticum (Huds.) Br. & Sch. Hyp-
nwn sylvaticum Huds.

On soil, rocks, and decaying logs in the woods. Summer.
Litchfield: New Milford, Nichols; Salisbury, Gilman.
Hartford: Hartford, Miss Lorens. Tolland: Stafford,
Nichols. Windham : Windham, Nichols. New Haven :
Beacon Falls, Nichols; Meriden (1856), Eaton; North Haven,
Nichols; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex :
Durham, Evans.

Nova Scotia to Minnesota, south to Alabama ; Alaska to
Oregon ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 6y.

Plagiothecium Roeseanum Br. & Sch. Hypniim Sulli-
vanticc Schimp.

On earth and stones in swampy woods. Summer. Wind-
ham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven : East Haven,
/. A. Allen; New Haven (1876), Pease.

Nova Scotia to Alaska and British Columbia, south in the
east to Florida ; Europe ; Asia.

Plagiothecium denticulatum (L.) Br. & Sch. Hypnum
dentictilatum L.

Decayed logs, stones, and humus in moist woods. Summer.
Litchfield : Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford : Farmington,
Mrs. Lozve; Southington. Chamberlain. Tolland: Ellington,
Pease; Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley; Windham, Nichols. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lozve.
New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols; Bethany, Merriam;

154 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

East Haven, Eaton; Hamden, Pease ; New Haven, /. A. Allen;
North Haven, Nichols; Orange (1874), Young. Middlesex:
Killingworth, Nichols.

Var. laetum (Br. & Sch.) Lindb.

Tolland : Ellington, Pease. New Haven : New Haven
(1876) and Woodbridge, Eaton.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States,
southward along the mountains ; South America ; Europe ;
Asia ; Africa ; New Zealand ; Tasmania.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Plagiothecium striatellum (Brid.) Lindb. Hypmim
Muhlenbcckii Spruce. P. Muhlenhcckii Br. & Sch.

On earth, non-calcareous rocks, and rotten logs in the
woods. Summer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilinan. Hart-
ford: East Hartford, Mrs. Lozve. Tolland: Ellington,
Pease; Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley. Fairfield : Darien, Mrs. Lozve ; Easton, Eames;
Norwalk, Mrs. Lozve; Redding, Evans; Stratford, Eames.
New Haven: Beacon Falls, Nichols; East Haven, /. A.
Allen; Hamden and New Haven (1866), Eaton. Middlesex:
Durham, Evans; Killingworth, Nichols; Saybrook, Eaton.
New London : East Lyme, C. B. Graves; Ledyard, Nichols;
Old Lyme and Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Greenland and Newfoundland to Minnesota, south to North
Carolina ; Alaska ; Europe.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67. Mrs. Lowe, 56.

Amblystegiella Loeske

Plants minute (0.5-1 cm. long); leaves 0.2-0.4 mm. long..

A. confervoides
Plants larger (2-4 cm. long); leaves 0.8-1.2 mm. long..

A. adnata

Amblystegiella confervoides (Brid.) Loeske. Hypnum
confervoides Brid.

Shaded limestone ledges. Summer. Litchfield : Salis-
bury, Nichols. Fairfield: Sherman (1906), Evans.

New Brunswick to Connecticut and Ohio, westward to
the Rocky Mountains ; Europe ; Asia.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 1 55

Exsic. Grout, N. Amer. Musci Pleuro. No. 317 (as
Amblystegium confcrvoides) .

Amblystegiella adnata (Hedw.) Nichols. Hypmun
adnatum Hedw. Amblystegium adnatum Aust.

On rocks and at the base of trees in the woods. Autumn.
Litchfield : SaHsbury, Nichols. Fairfield : Danbury,
Nichols; Darien, Mrs. Lowe. New Haven : East Haven,
Eaton; Meriden, Nichols; New Haven (1875), Eaton; Wood-
bridge, /. A. Allen. New London: New London, C. B.
Graves.

New Brunswick to British Columbia, south to North Caro-
lina and Texas ; A^ia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Amblystegium Br. & Sch.

1. Leaves with a distinct border, rriidrib joining border at

apex A. Lescurii

Leaves not bordered 2

2. INIidrib extending nearly or quite to apex 3

Midrib disappearing at the middle or above 6

3. Leaves not acuminate, apex blunt A. fluviatile

Leaves acuminate, apex acute 4

4. Basal cells abruptly enlarged A. irriguum

Basal cells not enlarged 5

5. Midrib ceasing below apex, 0.024-0.035 mm. wide at base. .

A. varium
Midrib commonly strong, excurrent, 0.065-0.225 mm. wide
at base A. noterophilum

6. Cells near middle of leaf 10-15 times as long as broad. . . .'

A. riparium
Cells near middle of leaf 8 times as long as broad, or less. . 7

7. Alar cells quadrate or transversely elongated A. serpens

Alar cells oblong 8

8. Stem leaves 0.9-1.2 mm. long A. Juratzkanum

Stem leaves i. 2-1.6 mm. long A. Kochii

Amblystegium serpens (L.) Br. & Sch. Hypniim ser-
pens L.

On the roots and at the base of trees, on decaying logs,
soil, and rocks in moist vv-oods. Early summer. Litchfield:

156 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Hartford, Mrs. Lowe. Tol-
land : Elling-ton, Pease. New Haven : Branford and Ham-
den, 0. D. Allen; New Haven (1855), Eaton; New London:
Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Arctic America to the Gulf of Mexico ; found in most parts
of the world.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Amblystegium Juratzkanum Schimp.

Moist stones or earth. Early summer. Litchfield:
Salisbury (1905), Nichols. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley. New Haven : North Branford, Evans.

Temperate North America ; Europe : Asia.

Amblystegium varium (Hedw.) Lindb. Hypnuni ortho-
cladon Brid. Amblystegium radicalc Br. & Sch. Hypnnm
radicalc Wils. Amblystegium orthocladon Mac. &: Kindb.

On stones, earth, or rotten wood, and at the l)asc of trees
in moist woods. Late spring. Litchfield: Salisbury, Gil-
man. Hartford: Canton, Nichols; Windsor, W. E. Britton.
Tolland: Ellington, Pease; Stafford, Nichols. Windham:
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lowe;
Redding, Evans. New Haven : Cheshire, Nichols; East
Haven, Hamden, and New Haven, O. D. Allen; North Bran-
ford, Evans; Orange (1874), Kleeberger. Middlesex:
Chester, Nichols. New London : Groton, C. B. Graves.

Southern Canada to the Gulf of Mexico ; Europe.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Amblystegium irriguum (Wils.) Br, & Sch. Hypnum
irriguum Wils.

On earth or stones, not on limestone, in wet places, fre-
quently in the water. Late spring. Hartford: Hartford and
Windsor, Mrs. Lozve.

Ontario southward to North Carolina and IMissouri;
Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Mrs. Lowe, 58.

Amblystegium noterophilum (Sull.) Holzing. Jfypnum
irriguum var. spinifolium Lesq. & James.

No. II.] THK CRVOPIIVTES OF CONNIiCTICUT. 157

In or at the margins of springs and streams in calcareous
regions. Rarely fruiting; summer. Litchfield: Salisbury,
(1907), Nichols.

New England to Pemisylvania, westward to Montana and
Oregon.

Amblystegium fluviatile (S\v.) Br. 8c Sch. Hypmim
Huviatile Sw.

Rocks or earth in and along streams in non-calcareous
districts. Early summer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols.
Hartford: Berlin, Coleman; Plainville and Southington,
Chamberlain. Tollaxd: Ellington, Pease; Stafford, Nichols.
Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New Havex :
Cheshire, Eaton; East Haven, O. D. Allen; Hamden, Nichols:
Meriden (1856), Eaton; North Branford, Evans. Middle-
sex : Killingworth, Nichols.

Newfoundland to Wisconsin, south to New Jersey and
Missouri ; Europe.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 246
(as A. orthocladon).

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Amblystegium Lescurii (Sull.) Aust. Hypnum Lescurii
Sull.

Wet rocks in mountain or hill streams. Late spring.
Tolland: Ellington, Pease; Stafford, Nichols. New Havex:
Ansonia, O. D. Allen; Beacon Falls, Nichols; Hamden, /. A.
Allen; Orange (1874), Kleeberger. New London: Groton,
C. B. Graves; Ledyard, Nichols.

Ontario and New England, south to Georgia.

Amblystegium riparium (L.) Br. & Sch. Hypnum ripa-
rium L.

On earth, stones, and roots of trees, in swamps, springs,
or running water. Late spring. Litchfield: Litchfield,
Mrs. E. G. Britton; Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Hart-
ford, Mrs. Lozce; Southington, Nichols. Tolland: Bolton,
Nichols; Ellington, Pease. New Haven : East Haven, Ham-
den, and New Haven (1856), Eaton. New Loxdon : Water-
ford, C. B. Graves.

I5S CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Var. longifolium (Schultz) Br. & Sch. .
Fairfield: Darien (1903), Mrs. Lowe.
Throughout North America, and in most parts of the
world.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Amblystegium Kochii Br. & Sch.

On earth in moist woods. Early summer. New Haven :
New Haven (1906), Nichols.

Probably throughout temperate North America ; Europe ;
Asia.

Chrysohypnum (Hampe) G. Roth

1. Midrib wanting, or very short and double 2

Midrib distinct, single 4

2. Monoicous; plants small (1-4 cm. long); leaA'^es finely ser-

rulate all around C. hispidulum

Dioicous; plants larger (s-io cm. long); leaves entire 3

3. Stems erect or ascending; leaves gradually acuminate..

C. stellatum
Stems procumbent; leaves suddenly ending in a long
piliform acumen C. protensum

4. Leaves squarrose, alar cells scarcely enlarged

C. chrysophyllum
Leaves erect, spreading; alar cells enlarged. . .C. polygamum

Chrysohypnum hispidulum (Brid.) G. Roth. Hypnnin
hispidulum Brid.

Roots of trees, decayed wood, and humus, in wet, swampy
woods. Summer. Litchfield : Salisbury, Nichols. Hart-
ford: Farmington, ilfr.y. Low^. Tolland: Ellington, P^a.?^.
Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven :
Cheshire and East Haven, Eaton; Hamden, /. A. Allen; Madi-
son, Nichols ;''New Haven (1856), Eaton; Orange and Oxford,
Harger. New London : New London and Waterford, C. B.
Graves.

Canada southward to North Carolina and Missouri ;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 6y. •

Chrysohypnum chrysophyllum (Brid.) Loeske. Hypnum
chrysophyllum Brid.

Rocks, earth, roots, and stumps, in moist places. Summer.

No. II,] THE BRVOPIIVTKS 6f CONNECTICUT. 1 59

Litchfiei.d: Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford: Farmington,
Mrs. Lowe; West Hartford, Miss Lorens. Tolland : Elling-
ton (1876), Pease; Stafford, Nichols. Windham: Canter-
bury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven : East Haven, Eaton; Ham-
den, O. D. Allen; New Haven, Pease; Orange, O. D. Allen.
Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.

Var. tenellum Schimp. Hypnmn hcrgcncnsc Aust.

New Haven: Ansonia, O. D. Allen; New Haven (1881),
7. A. Allen.

Canada and the northern United States, south to Louisiana ;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Chrysohypnum protensum (Brid.) Loeske. Hypnmn
stellatum var. protensum Rohl.

On hummocks in swamps, and on the ground in wet places.
Fruit rare, summer. New Haven : Branford, O. D. Allen;
Cheshire, Nichols; New Haven (1880), 7. A. Allen. New
London : Norwich, Hatcher.

Canada and the northern United States ; Europe ; Asia.

Chrysohypnum stellatum (Schreb.) Loeske. Hypnum
stellatum Schreb.

Wet banks and swamps. Summer. Litchfield: Salis-
bury, Nichols. Hartford: Farmington (1903), Mrs. Lowe;
West Hartford, Miss Lorens. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols.
New Haven : Meriden, Miss Lorens.

Arctic America, south to Virginia ; Europe ; Asia.

Chrysohypnum polygamum (Br. & Sch.) Loeske. Hyp-
nmn polygammn Wils.

Moist sandy places in meadows and swamps. Early sum-
mer. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield :
Stratford, Eam^^. New Haven: Oxford (1890), Harger.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe ; Asia.

Cratoneuron (Sull.) G. Roth
Cratoneuron filicinum (L.) G. Roth. Hypnum filicinnm L.
On wet limestone rocks, frequently in springs or swamps.

l6o CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [BuU.

Fruit rare, spring. Litchfield: Salisbury (1905), Nichols.
Fairfield: Sherman, Nichols.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States,
south to the mountains of Utah ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Rhytidiadelphus (Lindb.) Warnst.

Stem leaves multiplicate, rough at back R. triquetrus

Stem leaves not plicate, smooth at back R. squarrosus

Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus (L.) Warnst. Hypnum
triquetrum L. Hylocomium triquetrum Br. & Sch.

On the ground in swampy or dry woods. Fruit occasional,
early spring. Litchfield : Cornwall, Brewster ; Salisbury,
Nichols. Hartford: Plainville, Chamberlain; West Hart-
ford, Mm Loro/.s. Tolland: StSif^ord, Nichols. Windham:
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Sherman, Nichols.
New Haven: East Haven (1855), Eaton; Hamden, /. A.
Allen; New Haven, Eaton; North Branford, Evans; Wood-
bridge, Eaton. New London : Griswold, C. B. Graves.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern Linited States ;
south in the east to North Carolina ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68.

Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus (L.) Warnst. Hypnum
squarrosum L.

Meadows and wet grassy places. Fruit rare, spring. New
Haven: Hamden (1880), /. A. Allen.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe ; Asia ; Azores.

Rhytidium (Sull.) Kindb.

Rhytidium rugosum (Ehrh.) Kindb. Hypnum rugosum
Ehrh.

In dry grassy places and on sunny rocks, usually calcar-
eous, in mountainous or hilly regions. Fruit very rare, sum-
mer. Litchfield: Sd.\\shnvy, Mrs. Phelps. Fairfield: Sher-
man, A' /c/jo/.?. New H.WEN : Meriden (1873), £a/on.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States;
Europe ; Asia.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. l6l

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 200.
Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Hylocomium Br. & Sch.

Stem regularly bi-tripiniiate; stem leaves gradually acu-
minate, not auricled H. splendens

Stem irregularly pinnate; stem leaves abruptly acuminate,
auricled at the base H. brevirostre

Hylocomium splendens (Hedw.) Br. & Sch. Hypnum
splendens Hedw.

Aloist mountain or hill woods. Fruit occasional, spring.
Litchfield: Norfolk, Eaton; Salisbury, Gilman. Tolland:
Stafford, Nichols. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield: Newtown, Harger; Redding, Evans. New
Haven: New Haven (1855), Eaton; North Branford, Miss
Bradley; Woodbridge, Evans. New London : Ledyard, C. B.
Graves.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68.

Hylocomium brevirostre (Ehrh.) Br. & Sch. Hypnum
brevirostre Ehrh.

On rocks and at the base of trees in wet ravines. Spring.

Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman. Fairfield: Monroe,
Miss Lorens; Redding, Evans. New Haven : Beacon Falls,
Nichols; Cheshire and Hamden (1866), Eaton; Oxford, Har-
ger; Woodbridge, Eaton.

Nova Scotia to Ontario, south to North Carolina ; Europe ;
Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68.

Ctenidium (Schimp.) Mitt.

Ctenidium molluscum (Hedw.) Mftt. Hypnum molliis-
cuui Hedw.

iMoist rocks and earth in mountainous or hilly woods.
Fruit occasional, summer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols.
Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New ILwen: East

l62 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Haven, Evans; Hamden (iSss), Eaton. Middlesex: Killing-
worth, Nichols.

Newfoundland to Georgia, west to the Rocky Mountains;
Europe ; Asia ; Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 6y.

Ptilium (Sull.) DeNot.

Ptilium Crista-castrensis (L.) DeNot. Hypnum Crista-
castrensis L.

On moist earth and rotten logs in mountainous or hilly
woods. Fruit occasional, autumn. Litchfield: Cornwall,
Brezvster; Norfolk, Eaton; Salisbury^ Nichols. Hartford:
Hartford, Mrs. Lozve. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
New Haven : East Haven and Hamden, Eaton; Oxford, Har-
ger; Woodbridge (1875), Eaton. New London: Groton and
Montville, C. B. Graves; Norwich, Setchell; Preston, C. B.
Graves.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States,
south in the east to North Carolina ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68.

Stereodon (Brid.) Mitt.

1. Alar cells more or less enlarged, often inflated, hyaline

or colored 2

Alar cells quadrate, not enlarged 6

2. Capsule plicate when dry; leaves serrulate above 3

Capsule not plicate when dry 4

3. Alar cells scarcely inflated, yellow, thick-walled. .S. curvifolius
Alar cells inflated, hyaline, thin-walled S. Lindbergii

4. Capsule suberect; leaves serrulate all around, alar cells

orange; paraphyllia numerous S. imponens

Capsule cernuous; leaves serrulate only above, alar cells
green, hyaline, or yellow-brown; paraphyllia few S

5. Mosses growing on»bark or logs in the woods S. fertilis

Mosses growing on the ground in swamps S. pratensis

6. Quadrate cells numerous; midrib absent or very short....

S. cupressiformis
Quadrate cells few; midrib usually reaching to middle of
leaf 7

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 163

7. Branch leaves long-acuminate, serrulate to near the base

S. pallescens
Branch leaves subulate to short-acuminate, serrulate only
above the middle S. reptilis

Stereodon fertilis (Sendt.) Lindb. Hypnum fertile Sendt.

Rotten logs and stumps in mountainous or hilly woods.
Summer. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New
Haven: Oxford {i^%^), Harger.

Canada and the northern United States, south in the" east
to Georgia; Europe; Asia.

Stereodon pallescens (Hedw.) Lindb. Hypnum palles-
cens Br. & Sch. H. Jamesii Lesq. & James.

On rocks and stumps and at the base of trees in hilly woods.
Summer. Litchfield : Salisbury, Nichols. Windpiam : Can-
terbury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven : East Haven and Wood-
bridge (1866), Eaton. New London: East Lyme, New
London, and Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Canada and the northern United States, south in the east
to North Carolina ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Stereodon reptilis (Michx.) Mitt. Hypnum reptile
Michx.

On roots, logs, and at the base of trees, especially spruce,
in mountainous or hilly woods. Autumn. Litchfield : Salis-
bury, Gilman. Hartford : Hartford, Mrs. Loive. Tolland :
Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols; Darien, Mrs. Lowe. New
Haven : New Haven (1876), /. A. Allen; Orange, O. D. Allen.
Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.

Canada south to North Carolina and Utah; Europe; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 6y. Mrs. Lowe, 58.

Stereodon imponens (Hedw.) Lindb. Hypnum iutponens
Hedw.

On stones, earth, roots, and stumps in moist woods. Late
autumn. Litchfield : Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford : Can-
ton, Nichols; West Hartford, Miss Lorenz; Windsor, W. E.

164 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Britton. Tolland: Stafford, Nichols. Windham: Canter-
bury, Mrs. Hadley. New Haven: Beacon Falls, Nichols;
Hamden, /. A. Allen; New Haven (1855), Eaton; Wood-
bridge, O. D. Allen.

Canada south to Georgia and California ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Stereodon cupressiformis (L.) Lindb. Hypnum cupressi-
forme L.

Rocks, roots, and trunks of trees, in moist woods or wet
ravines. Late autumn. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols.
Hartford: Canton, Nichols; Hartford, Mrs. Lowe. Tol-
land : Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Had-
ley; Windham, Nichols. Fairfield : Danbury, Nichols; Red-
ding, Evans; Sherman and Stratford, Nichols. New Haven :
Derby, O. D. Allen; East Haven, Hamden, and New Haven,
Eaton; Oxford, Harger. Middlesex: Chester and Killing-
worth, Nichols. New London : New London, C. B. Graves.

Arctic America, Canada, and south to the Gulf States; a
cosmopolitan.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Stereodon Lindbergii (Mitt.) Warnst. Hypnum Patien-
tice Lindb.

Moist woods, meadows, and swamps. Summer. Litch-
field: Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Canton, Nichols.
Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield : Darien
(1903), Mrs. Lozve. New Haven: New Haven, Nichols.
Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States,
south in the east to Florida ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Grout, N. Amer. Musci Pleuro. No. 141 (as H.
Patienticr) .

Stereodon curvifolius (Hedw.) E. G. Britton. Hypnum
curvifolium Hedw.

On decaying logs, rarely on rocks, in moist woods. Early
.summer'. Litchfield: Salisbury, Mc/io/j'. Tolland: Filing-

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTIiS OF CONNKCTICUT. 165

ton. Pease. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Nkw
Haven: Beacon Falls, Nichols; Cheshire (1856), Eaton;
Hamden and New Haven, /. A. Allen; North Branford, Eaton;
Prospect, Merriam. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New
London : Ledyard, C. B. Graves.

Arctic America and Canada, southward to Florida and
Colorado; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Stereodon pratensis (^Koch) E. G. Britton. Hypnum pra-
tense Koch.

Swampy meadows. Fruit rare, spring. Hartford:
Windsor, Miss Lorenz. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield : Bridgeport, Eames. New Haven : Hamden
(1875), Young; New Haven, O. D. Allen; Orange, Evans.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States,
south in the east to Florida ; Europe ; Asia.

Heterophyllcn Kindb.

Heterophyllon Haldanianum (Grev.) Kindb. Hypnum
Haldanianum Grev.

Rocks, earth, and rotten logs in the woods. Autumn.
Litchfield : Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford : Burlington and
Canton, Nichols; Hartford, Miss Lorenz. Tolland : Bolton,
Nichols; Ellington, Pease. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley. Fairfield : Danbury, Nichols; Darien and Norwalk,
Mrs. Lowe. New Haven: Bethany, Eaton; East Haven,
Nichols; Hamden, Eaton; Madison, Nichols; New Haven
(1866), Williams; North Haven, Nichols; Orange, Chatter-
ton; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Eaton. New London:
New London, C. B. Graves.

Nova Scotia to Montana, and south to Alabama and Mis-
souri ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Grout, N. Amer. Musci Pleuro. No. 47^ (as Hyp-
num- Haldanianum). Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept.
No. 199 (as H. Haldanianum).

Ref. Eaton. 15, 68.

l66 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAl. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Hypnum (Dill.) L.

Hypnum Schreberi Willd.

Dry, open woods, banks, bogs, etc. Fruit occasional, spring.
Litchfield: New Milford and Salisbury, Nichols. Hart-
ford : Canton, Nichols; Hartford, Mrs. Loive. Tolland :
Stafford. Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield : Redding, Evans. New Haven : East Haven,
Evans; Hamden, Eaton; Meriden, Nichols; New Haven
(1866) and Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex: Killingworth,
Nichols. New London : Groton, C. B. Graves.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68.

Calliergon (Sull.) Kindb.

Plants monoicius (autoicous), sparingly branched; alar
cells enlarged, but passing gradually into the normal
cells of the leaf C. cordifolium

Plants dioicous, profusely branched; alar cells inflated,
forming a sharply defined group C. giganteum

Calliergon giganteum (Schimp.) Kindb. Hypnum gigan-
teum Schimp.

Bogs, swamps, and wet places, especially in calcareous dis-
tricts. Fruit rare, May-June. Litchfield: Salisbury, Mrs.
Phelps. Fairfield: Danbury (igoy), Nichols.

Greenland to Pennsylvania and westward to the Pacific
coast ; Europe ; Asia.

Calliergon cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb. Hypnum cordi-
folium Hedw.

Swamps, marshes, and margins of pools. Fruit rare, sum-
mer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Phelps. Tolland: Stafford,
Nichols. Windham : Windham, Nichols. New Haven :
Hamden, Eaton; New Haven, Nichols; North Branford, /. A.
Allen; Orange (1855), Eaton; Woodbridge, Evans. Middle-
sex : Saybrook, Eaton.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States;
Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 167

Acrocladium Mitt.

Acrccladium cuspidatum (L.) Lindb. Hypnum cuspi-
datiim L.

Swamps, bogs, and wet meadows. Fruit rare, summer.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford: Berlin, Cole-
man. New Haven : East Haven, Eaton; Meriden, Miss Lo-
renz; New Haven and Orange (1855), Eaton.

Canada and the northern United States ; Europe ; Asia ;
Africa.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 68.

Drepanocladus (C. Miill.) G. Roth

1. Stem with a cortical layer of large, hyaline cells 2

Stem lacking a distinct cortical layer 3

2. Leaves distinctly plicate when moist, and usually minutely

serrulate; plants monoicous (autoicous) D, aduncus

Leaves not plicate when moist, entire; plants dioicous..

D. intermedius

3. Leaves serrulate, at least near the apex; annulus lacking;

plants monoicous (autoicous) D. fluitans

Leaves entire; annulus distinct; plants dioicous 4

4. Alar cells enlarged and forming a well-defined group which

extends from the margin of the leaf to the midrib

D. Kneiffii
Alar cells enlarged, but not extending more than half-way
from the margin to the midrib 5

5. Alar cells hyaline, becoming brown with age, and forming

a clearly defined group; midrib 0.05-0.06 mm. wide at

base D. subaduncus

Alar cells yellowish brown, enlarged, but showing a
gradual transition into the normal cells of the leaf;
midrib 0.07-0. 11 mm. wide at base D. Sendtneri

Drepanocladus Kneiffii (Schimp.) Warnst. Hypnum
aduncum var. KneiMi Schimp.

Bogs and swamps, often in the water. Fruit rare, May-
June. Litchfield: Salisbury (1907), Nichols. Fairfield:
Danbury, Nichols.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States;
Europe; Africa.

l68 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Drepanocladus subaduncus Warnst. Hypnum aduncum
var. gracilescens Br. & Sch.

Swamps and wet places, especially in limestone regions.
Rarely fruiting, May- June. Litchfield: Salisbury (1907),
Nichols. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols.

Northern North America ; Europe.

Drepanocladus Sendtneri (Schimp.) Warnst. var. gigan-
teus (Schimp.) Warnst. Hypnum Sendtneri Schimp. H.
hamifolium Schimp.

Swamps and bogs, in the water. May-June; fruit of the
variety unknown, Hartford: Southington, Miss Lorenz.
New Haven: New Haven (1877), O. D. Allen.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States,
south in the west to Utah ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67. Rau & Hervey, 64, 45.

Drepanocladus intermedius (Lindb.) Warnst, Hypnum
revolvens Sw. var, intermedium Ren.

Deep swamps. Rarely fruiting, May-June. Litchfield:
SaHsbury (1907), Nichols.

Northern North America ; Europe.

Drepanocladus aduncus (L.) Warnst. Hypnum aduncum
L. H. uncinatum Hedw,

Bogs, meadows, and swampy woods. Fruit rare, summer.
Fairfield: Stratford, Nichols. New Haven: Bethany,
Eaton; Branford, O. D. Allen; Cheshire, Harger; East Haven,
New Haven (1855), and Orange, Eaton; Oxford, Harger;
Woodbridge, /. A. Allen. Middlesex : Durham, Evans.

Arctic America, Canada, and the United States, south to
North Carolina and Nevada ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

Drepanocladus fluitans ( L. ) Warnst. Hypnum Uuitans L.

Open swamps and bogs, in the water. Summer. Litch-
field : Salisbury, Nichols. New Haven : Hamden, Evans;
New Haven (1893), Eaton; Oxford, Harger.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States,

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OK CONNECTICUT. 169

south in the west to Utah ; Europe ; Asia ; Africa ; New Zea-
land.

Hygrohypnum (Lindb.) Loeske

1. Leaves suborbicular; alar cells yellow; midrib faint, short,

furcate H. dilatatum

Leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate 2

2. Dioicous; alar cells hyaline or yellowish; midrib reaching

middle of leaf or beyond, simple or furcate; perichretial

leaves not plicate H. ochraceum

Monoicous; alar cells golden yellow to yellow-brown,
rarely hyaline; perichsetial leaves plicate 3

3. Midrib absent, or short and furcate 4

Midrib single, reaching above middle of leaf H. palustre

4. Leaves broad (2:1), minutely serrulate to the base

H. Mackayi

Leaves narrower (3:1), serrulate only at the apex

H. eugyrium

Hygrohypnum palustre (Huds.) Loeske. Hypnum pal-
ustre Huds.

Wet and periodically overflowed stones and rocks, usually
calcareous. Summer. New London: Montville (1894), C. B.
Graves.

Canada and the northern United States ; Europe ; Asia.

Hygrohypnum dilatatum (Wils.) Loeske. Hypnum
molle of some authors.

On non-calcareous rocks and stones in rapid mountain or
hill brooks. Summer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols.
Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Loive. New Haven: Ansonia
(1880) and Woodbridge, O. D. Allen.

Arctic America and Canada, south to North Carolina and
Colorado; Europe; Asia.

Hygrohypnum eugyrium (Br. & Sch.) Loeske. Hypnum
eugyrium Schimp.

On wet non-calcareous rocks in or near mountain or hill
brooks. Summer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman. New
Haven: Beacon Falls, Nichols; Hamden (1878) and Wood-
bridge, /. A. Allen.

170 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Xewfoundland to Alaska, south to Georgia and Colorado;
Europe.

Hygrohypnum Mackayi (Schimp.) Loeske.
Shaded stones in hill streams. Summer. New Haven :
Beacon Falls (1907), Nichols.

Probably has same range as H. eugyrium.

Hygrohypnum ochraceum (Turn.) Loeske. Hypnum
ochraceum Turn.

On overflowed and wet rocks in rapid mountain or hill
streams. Fruit rare, summer. Litchfield : Salisbury, Evans.
New Haven : Ansonia, O. D. Allen; Beacon Falls, Nichols;
Hamden (1878), /. A. Allen.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States;
Europe ; Asia.

FAMILY DENDR0IDACE;E
Climacium Web. f. & Mohr

Climacium americanum Brid.

Swamps and wet woods. Autumn. Litchfield: Salis-
bury, Nichols. Hartford : Hartford, Miss Lorens. Tolland :
Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley.
Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols; Darien, Mrs. Lowe; Fairfield,
Eames. New Haven : Bethany, Eaton; East Haven, Nichols;
Hamden, Eaton; Madison, Nichols; Milford and New Haven
(1855), Eaton; Orange, Evans; Woodbridge, Eaton. Middle-
sex: Killingworth, Nichols; Middlefield, Evans. New Lon-
don : New London, C. B. Graves.

Var. Kindbergii Ren. & Card. Climacium Kindbergii
Grout.

In wetter places than the typical form, frequently in the
water. Tolland : Willington, Nichols. Windham : Can-
terbury, Mr.j. //acf/^3;. Fairfield: Darien, Mri". Low^; Strat-
ford, Nichols. New Haven : East Haven, Nichols; Wood-
bridge, Eaton. Middlesex: Killingworth and Old Lyme,
Nichols. New London: Groton, Montville, and Waterford
(1884), C. B. Graves.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES. OF CONNECTICUT. 171

New Brunswick to Alabama, west to the Rocky Moun-
tains.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 238
(var. Kindbergii).

Ref. Eaton, 15, 66. Grout, 34, 161 (var. Kindbergii).
Young, 81, 62.

Thamnium Br. & Sch.

Thamnium alleghaniense (C. Miill.) Br. & Sch. Hypnum
alleghaniense C. Miill.

Dripping overhanging rocks along mountain and hill
streams. Autumn. Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Hart-
ford : West Hartford, Miss Lorenz. New Haven : Cheshire
(1856), Eaton; Derby, O. D. Allen; Hamden, Eaton; New
Haven, /. A. Allen; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge, Eaton.
New London : Montville and Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Nova Scotia to Minnesota, south to the Gulf States.

Ref. Eaton, 15, 67.

FAMILY WEBERACE.E

Webera Ehrh.

Webera sessilis (Schmid.) LindbJ Diphyscium fohosum
Mohr. /Sc3

Moist, shaded earth and banks. Summer. Litchfield:
New Milford, Nichols; Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford: Hart-
ford, Mrs. Lowe; Southington, Chamberlain ; West Hartford,
Miss Lorenz. Tolland : Bolton, Nichols. Windham : Can-
terbury, Mrs. Hadley; Windham, Nichols. Fairfield: Dan-
bury and Huntington, Nichols; Redding, Evans. New Haven :
Ansonia. O. D. Allen; Beacon Falls, Nichols; Meriden, Nich-
ols; New Haven (1855), Orange, and Woodbridge, Eaton.
Middlesex: Killingworth. Nichols. New London: Mont-
ville, C. B. Graves.

Nova Scotia to Ontario, south to Alabama ; Europe : Asia ;
Madeira Islands.

Exsic. Holzinger, Musci Aero. Bor.-Amer. No. 121* (as
Diphyscium foliosum) .

Ref. Collins, 14, 131. Eaton, 15, 64.

172 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

FAMILY BUXBAUMIACEyE
Buxbaumia Haller
Buxbaumia aphylla L.

Clayey banks and turfy soil in open woods. Spring.
Litchfield : Salisbury, Evans. Hartford : Canton, Nichols;
Manchester, Miss Lorenz. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lowe.
New Haven: Beacon Falls, Nichols; Hamden (1866), Wil-
liams; New Haven, /. A. Allen; Oxford, Harger; Woodbridge,
Nichols.

Nova Scotia to Ontario and West Virginia ; Yukon Terri-
tory to Washington ; Europe ; Asia.

Exsic. Holzinger, Musci Aero. Bor.-Amer. No. 250.

Ref. Collins. 14, 131. Eaton, 15, 64; 17, 126.

FAMILY GEORGIACE^
Georgia Ehrh.

Georgia pellucida (L.) Rabenh. Tetraphis pellucida
Hedw.

Rotten stumps, roots, and banks in the woods. Spring.
Litchfield: Litchfield, Harris; Salisbury, Gilman. Hart-
ford: Hartford and Manchester, Miss Lorens; Windsor, W.
E. Britton. Tolland: Bolton and Stafford, Nichols. Wind-
ham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield : Darien, Mrs.
Lowe ; Redding, Evans. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols;
Hamden, Evans; New Haven (1866), Eaton; North Branford,
Evans; North Haven, Nichols; Orange and Woodbridge,
Eaton. New London : East Lyme and Groton, C. B. Graves.

Canada and the northern United States ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Collins, 14, 131. Eaton, 15, 63.

FAMILY P0LYTRICHACE;E

Catharinaea Ehrh.

1. Leaf cells distinctly papillose C. Macmillani

Leaf cells smooth, not papillose 2

2. Leaves strongly undulate, serrate nearly to base; capsules

borne singly or in small clusters C. undulata

Leaves scarcely, if at all, undulate, serrate only above
middle; capsules borne singly 3

No. IT.] THE BRYOPHYTF..^ OF CONNECTICUT. I73

3. Plants rarely 5 cm. high; midrib and lamina sharply

toothed at back, lamella; 4-8 C. angustata

Sterile plants 5-10 cm. high; midrib and lamina smooth at
back ; lamellas ,1-4 C. crispa

CatharinEsa undulata (L.) Web. f. & ^Fohr. Atrichuin
undulatum Beauv.

Moist, sandy soil in open woods. Autumn. Litchfield:
Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Burlington, Nichols; West
Hartford, Mw.y Lor^;/^;. Tolland: Stafford, A'^ic/io/^. Wind-
ham : Canterbury, Mrs. Lowe; Windham, Nichols. Fair-
field : Darien, Mrs. Lowe. New Haven : Beacon Falls,
Nichols; Hamden, Eaton; Madison, Nichols; New Haven
(1855), Eaton; North Haven, Nichols; Orange, Evans;
Woodbridge, 0. D. Allen. Middlesex: Killingworth,
Nichols. New London : Ledyard, Nichols; Montville and
Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Throughout temperate North America ; Europe ; Asia ;
Africa.

Ref. Collins, 14, 131. Eaton, 15, 64. Miss Lorenz, 53,
46, 47.

Catharinasa Macmillani Holzing.

In dry, exposed situations. Autumn. Hartford : Burling-
ton, Nichols. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. New^
Haven: New Haven, North Haven (1907), and Orange,
Nichols. New London : Ledyard, Nichols.

New England to Minnesota and Missouri ; range not defi-
nitely known.

Ref. Chamberlain, 13, 100.

Catharinaea crispa James. Atrichum crispum James.

Grassy banks of streams, and in wet sandy soil. Autumn.
Hartford: East Hartford, Wcathcrhy.

Probably throughout Canada and the northern United
States ; Europe.

Ref. Miss Lorenz, 53, 46, 47.

Catharinaea angustata Brid. Atrichum angustatum Br.

& Sch.

Clayey banks and sandy soil in open woods. Autumn.

174 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Litchfield: Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Canton,
Nichols; Southington, Chamberlain; West Hartford, Miss
Lorens. Tolland: Bolton and Stafford, Nichols. Wind-
ham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield : Danbury,
Nichols; Darien, Mrs. Lowe; Huntington and Sherman,
Nichols. New Haven: East Haven (1855), Eaton; Haniden,
Harger; Madison, Nichols; New Haven, Eaton; Orange,
Evans; Woodbridge, Eaton. New London : North Stoning-
ton and Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Throughout temperate North America ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Collins, 14, 131. Eaton, 15, 64. Miss Lorenz, 53,
46, 47.

Pogonatum Beau v.

Pogonatum tenue (Menz.) E. G. Britton. P. hrevicaide
(Brid.) Beauv. P. pennsylvanicmn (Hedw.) Par.

Clay banks and roadsides in open woods. Autumn.
Litchfield: Salisbury, Mrs. Phelps. Hartford: Canton,
Nichols; Hartford, Mrs. Lowe; West Hartford, Miss Lorenz.
Tolland : Stafford, Nichols. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols; Darien, Mrs. Lowe.
New Haven : Beacon Falls and Cheshire, Nichols; Hamden,
/. A. Allen; New Haven (1866), and Orange, Eaton; Oxford,
Harger; Woodbridge, Eaton. Middlesex : Killingworth,
Nichols. New London : Ledyard, Nichols; Waterford, C. B.
Graves.

Nova Scotia to Alabama, and west to Missouri.

Exsic. Holzinger, Musci Aero. Bor.-Amer. No. 123 (as
P. pennsylvanicum) .

Ref. Collins, 14, 131, Eaton, 15, 64. Mrs. Lowe, 59.

Polytrichum (Dill.) L.

Epidermis of capsule with a large pit in the outer wall
of each cell, neck distinctly marked off by a con-
striction; capsule little longer than broad 3

Epidermis of capsule not pitted, neck indistinctly defined;
capsule much longer than broad 2

Capsule cylindrical P. alpinum

Capsule prismatic P. ohioense

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. I75

3. Leaves awned, margins entire, inflexed 4

Leaves pointed, margins sharply serrate, not inflexed

P. commune

4. Awn long and hyaline P. piliferum

Awn short and red, rarely colorless at the point 5

5. Stem densely tomentose, leaves erect P. strictum

Stem not tomentose, leaves spreading P. juniperinum

Polytrichum alpinum L. var. arcticum (Sw.) Wahl.
Pogonatum alpinum Rohl. var. arcticum Brid.

Stony and grassy mountain slopes. Summer. Litch-
field: Salisbury (1906), Collins.

Throughout northern North America ; Europe.

Polytrichum ohioense Ren. & Card. P. formosnm of some
authors.

On the ground and on earth-covered rocks in moist woods.
Summer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman. Hartford:
Hartford, Miss Lorenz; Plainville, Chamberlain; Windsor,
Rarer. Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield :
Danbury, Eaton; Darien, Mrs. Lozve. New Haven : East
Haven (1856), Eaton; Madison, Nichols; New Haven, /. A.
Allen; North Haven and Orange, Nichols. Middlesex:
Chester, Nichols; Durham, Evans; Killingworth, Nichols.
New London : Griswold, Harger; Montville and New
London, C. B. Graves; Waterford, Miss Lorens.

Newfoundland to Alaska, south to Alabama, Missouri, and
Oregon ; Europe.

Exsic. Holzinger, Musci Aero. Bor.-Amer. No. 124.

Ref. Collins, 14, 131. Eaton, 15, 64.

Polytrichum piliferum Schreb.

Rocky ridges and gravelly banks in hilly regions. Summer.
Litchfield: New Milford and Salisbury, Nichols. Hart-
ford: Hartford, Miss Lorens; Plainville, Chamberlain. Tol-
land: Stafford, Nichols. Windham: Canterbury, Mrs.
Hadley. Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lozve; Huntington,
Nichols. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Madison, and Meriden,
Nichols; New Haven (1854), Eaton; Woodbridge, Harger.
Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols. New London : Led-
yard, Nichols; Lyme, Eaton; Old Lyme, C. B. Graves.

176 CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

Northern North America and southward to Alabama and
California ; found in most quarters of the globe.
Ref. Collins, 14, 131. Eaton, 15, 64.

Polytrichum juniperinum Willd.

In dry pastures or open woods in mountainous or hilly-
regions. Summer. Litchfield: Salisbury, Gilman. Hart-
ford: Hartford, Miss Lorenz; Southington. Chamberlain.
Tolland : Bolton and Ellington, Nichols. Windham :
Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley. Fairfield: Danbury, Nichols;
Darien, Mrs. Lowe; Huntington, Nichols. New Haven :
Branford, Ward; Hamden, /. A. Allen; New Haven (1865),
Eaton. Middlesex : Killingworth, Nichols.

Arctic and temperate North America ; a cosmopolitan.

Ref. Collins, 14, 131. Eaton, 15, 64.

Polytrichum strictum Banks. - P. ^ u-c^ ^^J^:^ 7^.'* '' ^^ ^

In peat bogs and wet woods. Summer. New Haven :
Orange (1874), Young.

Arctic America, Canada, and the northern United States ;
South America ; Europe ; Asia.

Ref. Collins, 14, 131. Eaton, 15, 64.

Polytrichum commune L.

In pastures and clearings and along the borders of woods
and roadsides. Summer. Litchfield: New Milford and
Salisbury, Nichols. Hartford: Hartford, Miss Lorenz;
Windsor, Rorer. Tolland: Bolton and Stafford, Nichols.
Windham : Canterbury, Mrs. Hadley; Windham, Nichols.
Fairfield: Darien, Mrs. Lozve; Huntington, Sherman, and
Stratford, Nichols. New Haven : Beacon Falls, Nichols;
Hamden, Eaton; Meriden, Nichols; New Haven (1856) and
Orange, Eaton; Oxford, Harger. Middlesex : Killingworth,
Nichols. New London : Ledyard, Nichols; New London and
Waterford, C. B. Graves.

Throughout North America ; a cosmopolitan.

Exsic. Renauld & Cardot, Musci Amer. Sept. No. 227.

Ref. ColHns, 14, 131. Eaton, 15, 64.

No. II.] THE BRYOPIIYTES OF CONNECTICUT.

177

SUMMARY

An analysis of the bryophytic flora of Connecticut brings
out the interesting fact that only about 18 per cent, of the
species are peculiar to America. Over 62 per cent., on the
other hand, are common to Europe and Asia, a proportion
which is sure to be increased when the Asiatic flora has been
more thoroughly explored. Of the remaining species 16 per
cent, have been found in Europe but not in Asia, while 4 per
cent, have been found in Asia but not in Europe. These rela-
tionships may be clearly shown by the following table, in which
the species are arranged by orders. One species of Sphagnum
which is common to Africa (but not to either Europe or Asia),
is included in the first column.

Peculiar to
America.

Common
to Europe
and Asia.

Common

to Europe

(but not to

Asia).

Common

to Asia

(but not to

Europe).

Total.

Marchantiales .

3

9

0

0

12

Jungermanniales

17

62

12

I

92

Anthocerotales

0

I

2

0

3

Sphagnales

2

17

12

0

31

Andreaeales

0

I

I

0

2

Bryales ....

46

154

34

13

247

Total ....

68

244

61

14

3S7

The table shows also

that ab

out 3 p

er cent.

of our

species

are Marchantiales, about 23 per cent. Jungermanniales, less
than I per cent. Anthocerotales, about 8 per cent. Sphagnales,
less than i per cent. Andreseales, and about 64 per cent. Bryales.

The following table, based on the specimens at hand, gives
some idea of the extent to which Connecticut has been ex-
plored for Bryophytes. Such a table is merely of historical
interest. The discrepancies which apparently exist between
the moss floras of the different counties are largely of a
temporary nature, and will become less as the exploration of

178

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

the state proceeds. There is little probability, for example,
that New Haven County is richer in Bryophytes than New
London County. It simply represents the part of the state
where bryologists have been most numerous and active.

d

0

2

"C

a
0)

•d

<L>
>

c3

•0
c
0

i^l

(d

o

C

.«

4)

ffi

hJ

Sua

u

rt

-a
a

^

^

"d

^

fi * S

o!

0

«

°t: 0

hJ

X

e-

^

^

:z;

S

^

0

Marchantiales

8

9

4

3

8

12

6

2

I

Jungermanniales .

58

32

31

22

38

81

35

12

4

Anthocerotales

3

o

0

I

0

'

3

2

0

Sphagnales .

i6

2

9

4

3

25

2

5

0

Andreseales .

I

I

0

0

0

2

0

0

0

Bryales .

157

112

98

108

III

223

90

91

31

Total

243

156

142

138

160

346

136

112

36

The last column shows the comparatively small number of
species known from each county of the state. All of these
species are exceedingly common, and the present figures will
probably be soon increased by the addition of other species
which must be equally common. Even the majority of the
species which are known at present from only one or two
localities in the state are undoubtedly much more widely
distributed than these scanty records would seem to indicate.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 1 79

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CONNECTICUT
BRYOLOGY

The books and papers included in the following bibli-
ography all contain direct references to Connecticut Bry-
ophytes. Although it has been attempted to make the list
as complete as possible, some references have doubtless been
overlooked. Papers published since December, 1907, are not
included :

1. Andrews, A. LeR. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants,

— XVIII, Sphagnaceae. Rhodora, 8: 62-65. 1906.

2. Austin, C. F. Hepaticse Boreali-Americanae exsiccatae. Nos.

1-150. 1872.

3. — Bryological Notes. Bull. Torrey Club, 6: 341-344. 1879.

4. — Bryological Notes. Bull. Torrey Club, 7: 15, 16. 1880.

5. Barbour, W. C. Frullania. Bryologist, 5: 3-5. f. 1-5. 1902.

6. — Porella L. Sp. PL 2: 1196. 1753- Bryologist, 5: 32-36.

f. 1-8. 1902.

7. — Hepatics, — Lejeunea. Bryologist, 6: 27-32. /. 1-6. 1903-

8. Britten, E. G. Distribution of the eastern species of Mnium.

Bryologist, 3: 4-6. 1900.
g. — Octodiceras Julianum, its Propagation, Distribution and
History. Bryologist, 5: 83, 84. i f. 1902.

10. — Further Notes on Sematophyllum. Bryologist, 7: 59-61. 1904.

11. Cardot, J. Repertoire Sphagnologique. Catalogue alphabetique

de toutes les especes et varietes du genre Sphagnum, avec la
synonymic, la bibliographic et la distribution geographique
d'apres les travaux les plus recents. Bull. Soc. d'hist. nat.
d'Autun, 10: 235-433. 1897.
— Sec also Renauld, F.

12. Chamberlain, E. B. Notes upon two Maryland Bryophytes

and on two Mosses from Virginia. Bryologist, 8: 77-7^-
1905.

13. — Catharinca Macmillani. Rhodora, 9: 98-100. pi. 74. 1907.

14. Collins, J. F. Preliminary Lists of New England Plants, —

XIX. Rhodora, 8: i3i-i3S- 1906.
Cook, O. F. See Underwood, L. M.

l8o CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY. [Bull.

15. Eaton, D. C. Anogens. In " A Catalogue of the Flowering

Plants and Higher Cryptogams growing without cultivation
within thirty miles of Yale College." Published by the
Berzelius Society. Pp. 61-72. New Haven, 1878.

16. — Conomitrium Julianum. Bull. Torrey Club, 6: 244. 1878.

17. — -On Bu.xbaumia indusiata Bridel. Bull. Torrey Club, 17:

126, 127. 1890.

18. — -A Check-List of North American Sphagna, arranged mostly

in accordance with the writings of Dr. Carl Warnstorf. 8vo.
8 pp. New Haven, 1893.

19. Eaton, D. C, and Faxon, E. Sphagna Boreali-Americana

Exsiccata, curaverunt D. C. Eaton et E. Faxon, distribuit
G. F. Eaton. Nos. 1-172. New Haven, 1896.

20. Evans, A. W. Two new American Hepaticse. Bull. Torrey

Club, 20: 307-309. pi. 162, i6s. 1893.

21. — Notes on the North American species of Plagiochila. Bot.

Gazette 21: 185-194. pi. 13, 16. 1896.

22. — A Revision of the North American Species of Frullania, a

Genus of Hepaticse. Trans. Conn. Acad., 10: 1-39. pi. 1-15.
1897.

23. — Studies among our common Hepaticse. II. Lophocolea

heterophylla. Plant World, i: 134-137. pi. 6. 1S98.

24. — Fossombronia salina in Connecticut. Rhodora, 3: 7-10. i f.

1901.

25. — The Lejeunese of the United States and Canada. ]Mem.

Torrey Club, 8: 113-1,83. pi. 16-22. 1902.

26. — Notes on New England Hepaticae. Rhodora, 4: 207-213.

1902.

27. — A New Hepatic from the Eastern United States. Bot.

Gazette, 34: 372-375- pl- 12. 1902.

28. — Preliminary Lists of New England Plants, — XI, Hepatica;.

Rhodora, 5: 170-173. 1903.

29. — Odontoschisma Macounii and its North American Allies.

Bot. Gazette, 36: 321-348. pl. 18-20. 1903.

30. — Notes on New England Hepaticpe, — II. Rhodora, 6: 165-

174; 185-191- pl- 57- 1904-

31. — Notes on New England Hepaticae, — -III. Rhodora, 7: 52-

58. 1905.

32. — -Notes on New England Hepaticio, — ^ IV. Rhodora, 8: 34-

45- 1906.
33' — ^ Notes on New England Hepatica;, — V. Rhodora, 9: 56-
60; 65-73. pl- 73- 1907-
Faxon, E. See Eaton, D. C.

No. II.] THE BRYOPIIYTES OF CONNECTICUT. l8l

34. Grout, A. J. A Revision of the North American Isotheciaceae.

Mem. Torrey Club, 6: 131-210. 1897.

35. — A Revision of the North American Eurynchia. Bull.

Torrej' Club, 25: 221-256. 1898.

36. — North American Musci Pleurocarpi. Nos. 1-300 (exsic-

cati). 1900-1907. To be continued.

37- — Mosses with a Hand-Lens and Microscope: a non-technical
handbook of the more common Mosses of the northeastern
United States. Large 8vo. Part I, 86 pp., 10 pi., 35 f. in
text. 1903. Part II, pp. 87-166, pi. 11-35, f- in text 36-76.
1904. Part III, pp. 167-246, pi. 36-55, f. in text 77-133. 1906.
New York. To be completed in five parts.

38. — Mosses with a Hand-Lens: a non-technical handbook of

the more common and more easily recognized Mosses of the
northeastern United States. Second Edition. Revised, en-
larged, and including the Hepatics. 8vo. pp. xvi + 208. 39
pi. 151 f. in text. New York, 1905.

39. — "When Doctors Disagree." Bryologist, 9: 42. 1906.

40. Hadley, S. B. [Offerings to Chapter Members.] Bryologist,

6: 70. 1903.

41. — [Offerings.] Bryologist, 6: 106. 1903.

42. — [Offerings.] Bryologist, 7: 52. 1904.

43. — [Offerings.] Bryologist, 8: 92. 1905.

44. Haynes, C. C. Ten Lophozias. Bryologist, 9: 99, 100. pi. g.

1906; 10: 9-12. pi. 2, 3. 1907.

45. — American Hepaticae. Nos. 1-40 (exsiccatae). New York,

1907-1908. To be continued.
Hervey, A. B. See Rau, E, A.

46. Holzinger, J. M. Musci Acrocarpi Boreali-Americani. Nos.

1-250 (exsiccati). 1904-1907. To be continued.

47. Howe, M. A. The North American Species of Porella. Bull.

Torrey Club, 24: 512-527. 1897.

48. — The Anthocerotaceae of North America. Bull. Torrey Club,

25: 1-24. pi. 321-326. 1,898.

49. — Notes on American Hepatic^e. Bull. Torrey Club, 29: 281-

289. 1902.

50. Lesquereux, L., and James, T, P. Manual of the Mosses of

North America. 8vo. pp. v + 447. 6 pi. Boston, 1884.

51. Limpricht, K. G. Die Laubmoose Deutschlands, Oesterreichs

und der Schweiz. 8vo. Band I, x + 836 pp., 211 f. in text.
1890. Band II, 853 pp., f. in text 212-352. 1895. Band III,
864 + 79 pp., f. in text 353-440. 1904. Leipzig. The work

l82

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

represents Band IV of Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora,
second edition.

52. Lorenz, A. [Offerings.] Bryologist, 9: 53. 1906.

53. — Catharinea in Hartford County. Bryologist, 10: 45-47. 1907.

54. Lowe, J. D. [Offerings to Chapter Members.] Bryologist, 6:

70. 1903.

55. — [Offerings.] Bryologist, 6: 90. 1903.

56. — Anacamptodon splachnoides. Bryologist, 7: 77. 1904.

57. — [Offerings.] Bryologist, 7: 82. 1904.

58. — [Offerings.] Bryologist, 7: 100. 1904.

59. — [Offerings.] Bryologist, 8: 35. 1905.

60. MuUer, C. Monographic der Lebermoosgattung Scapania

Dum. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop. -Carol., 83: 1-312.

pi. 1-52. 1905. :;:^c <o/ . ■ ■ - : '

61. Paris, E. G. Index Bryologicus sive Enumeratio Muscorum

hucusque cognitorum adjunctis Synonymia Distributioneque
geographica locupletissimis. Act. Soc. Linn. Burdigalensis.
Pars I, pp. vi + 964. 1894-1896. Pars II, pp. 965-1380.
1898.

62. — Index Bryologicus sive Enumeratio Muscorum ad diem

ultimam anni 1900 hucusque cognitorum adjunctis Synonymia
Distributioneque geographica locupletissimis. Editio

secunda. 8vo. Paris. Pars I, 384 pp. 1903-1904. Pars II,
375 PP- 1904. Pars III, 400 pp. 1904-1905. Pars IV, 368 pp.
1905. Pars V, 160 pp. 1906.

63. Rau, E. A. Review of Lesquereux and James: Manual of the

Mosses of North America. Bot. Gazette, 9: 151, 152. 1884.

64. Rau, E. A., and Hervey, A. B. Catalogue of North American

Musci. 8vo. 52 pp. Taunton, 1880.

65. Renauld, F., and Cardot, J. Musci Americse Septentrionalis,

ex operibus novissimis recensiti et methodice dispositi. Rev.
Bryol., 19: 65-96. 1892; 20: 1-32. 1893.

66. — Musci Americas Septentrionalis Exsiccati. Nos. 1-400. 1892-

1908.

67. Stephani, F. Species Hepaticarum. Vol. I. Anacrogynae. 413

pp. 1898-1900. Vol. II. Acrogynos. 615 pp. 1901-1906.
Vol. Ill in course of publication. Reprinted from the
Bulletin and Memoirs of the Herbier Boissier.

68. Sullivant, W. S. Anophytes. In A. Gray: Manual of the

Botany of the Northern United States, 607-702; 723-737. pi.
1-8. 1856. Ed. II.

No. II.] THE BRYOPHYTES OF CONNECTICUT. 183

69. — The Musci and Hepaticje of the United States East of the

Mississippi River. 8vo. 113 pp. 8 pi. New York, 1856. Re-
print of the above.

70. — Icones Muscorum, or Figures and Descriptions of most of

those Mosses peculiar to eastern North America which have
not been heretofore figured. 8vo. 216 pp. 128 pi. Cam-
bridge and London, 1864.

71. Underwood, L. ^M. Descriptive Catalogue of the North

American Hepaticse, North of Mexico. Bull. Illinois State
Lab. Nat. Hist., 2: 1-133. 1884.

72. — Hepaticas. In A. Gray: Manual of the Botany of the

Northern United States, 702-732. pi. 22-25. 1890. Ed. VI.

73. — A Few Additions to the Hepatic Flora of the Manual

Region. Bull. Torrey Club, 9: 299-301. 1892.

74. — Notes on our Hepaticse. II. The Genus Riccia. Bot.

Gazette, 19: 273-278. 1894.

75. — Notes on our Hepaticae. III. The Distribution of the North

American Marchantiacese. Bot. Gazette, 20: 59-71. 1895.

76. — Hepaticae. Systematic Botany of North America, g^: 1-7.

1895.

77. Underwood, L. M., and Cook, O. F. Hepaticae Americanae.

Nos. 1-200 (exsiccate). 1887-1899.

78. Warnstorf, C. Einige neue exotische Sphagna. Hedwigia, 31:

174-182. pi. 26, 27. 1892.

79. — Europaeische Torfmoose. Serie IV. Nos. 301-400 (ex-

siccata). 1894.

80. Wheeler, H. Note on Claopodium pellucinerve fMitt.) Best.

Bryologist, 6: 39. 1903.

81. Young, A. H. Bryological Notes. Bot. Gazette, 2: 61, 62.

1876.

INDEX TO CATALOGUE

A

PAGE

Acaulon C. Miill. , . . . . . 88, io8

muticum (Schreb.) C. Miill.

io8

ACROCARPI ....

87

Acrocladium Alitt. .

94, 167

cuspidatum (L.) Lindb.

167

Amblystegiella Loeske

95, 154

adnata (Hedw.) Nichols

154, 155

confervoides (Brid.) Loeske

154

Amblystegium Br. & Sch. .

94, 155

adnatimi Aust.

155

fluviatile (Sw.) Br. & Sch.

• 93, 155, 157

irriguum (Wils.) Br. & Sch.

155, 156

Juratzkanum Schimp.

155, 156

Kochii Br. & Sch.

155, 158

Lescurii (Sull.) Aust.

155, 157

noterophilum (Sull.) Holzing.

155, 156

orthocladan Mac. & Kindb. .

156

radicale Br. & Sch.

156

riparium (L.) Br. & Sch.

155, 157

serpens (L.) Br. & Sch.

155

varium (Hedw.) Lindb.

155, 156

Amphoridium Mougeotii Schimp.

112

Anacamptodon Brid.

91, 134

splachnoides (Frol.) Brid.

134

Andreaea Ehrh.

86

petrophila Ehrh.

86, 87

Rothii Web. f. & Mohr

86, 87

Andre.eace^

86

Andre^ales

86

Aneura multifida Duniort.

44

pinnatiMa Nees

44

sessilis Spreng.

44

AncEctangium Hedw.

90, 112

Mougeotii (Br. & Sch.) Lindb.

112

Anomodon Hook. & Tayl. .

92, 137

apiculatus Br. & Sch.

137

attenuatus (Schreb.) Hiiben.

137

1 86

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

Anomodon minor (Beauv.) Fvirn.

obtusifolius Br. & Sch.

rostratus (Hedw.) Schimp.

tristis Sull.
Anthoceros (Mich.) L.

levis L.

punctatus L.
Anthocerotace;e
Anthocerotales
Aphanorrhegma Sull.

serratum (Hook. & Wils.) Sull.
Archidiace^
Archidium Brid.

ohioense Schimp.
Archilejeunea clypeata Schififn
Asterella Beauv.

hemisphccrica Beauv.

tenella (L.) Beauv.
Astomum Hampe

Sullivantii Schimp.
Atrichum angustatum Br. & Sch.

crispum James

undulatum Beauv.

AuLACOMNIACEyE

Aulacomnium Schwaegr.

heterostichum (Hedw.) Br. & Sch
palustre (L.) Schwaegr.

PAGE

137
137

137, 138

136

75

75

75, 76

75

75

91, 117

117

95

87, 95

95

72

40, 41

40

41

87, 106

106

173

173

173

125

90, 125

125

125, 126

Barbula Hedw.

cccspitosa Schwaegr.

fallax Hedw. .

muralis Timm. .

papulosa C. Miill.

tortuosa Web. f. & Mohr

unguiculata (Huds.) Hedw.
Bartramia Hedw.

Oederi Sw.

pomiformis (L.) Hedw.
Bartramiace^e
Bazzania S. F. Gray

triangularis (Schleich.) Lindb.

tricrenata (Wahl.) Trevis. .

trilobata (L.) S. F. Gray
Blasia L. .

pusilla L. . . .

89, 108
107
108
109
109
107
108

90, 127
126
127
126

48, 64
64
64
64

43, 46
46

No. II.]

INDEX TO CATALOGUE.

187

Blepharostoma Dumort.

trichophyllum (L.) Dumort.
Blepharozia ciliaris Dumort.
Brachythecium Br. & Sch.

acuminatum (Hedw.) Kindb.

acutum (Mitt.) Sull.

campestre (C. Miill.) Br. & Sch

Icctum Br. & Sch.

Novae-Anglias (Sull. & Lesq.) Jaeg. & Sauerb,

oxycladon (Brid.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.

plumosum (Sw.) Br. & Sch.

populeum (Hedw.) Br. & Sch.

rivulare Br. & Sch.

Rutabulum (L.) Br. & Sch.

salebrosum (Hofifm.) Br. & Sch.

Starkei (Brid.) Br. & Sch.

velutinum (L.) Br. & Sch.
Bryace.e ....

Bryales ....

Bryhnia graminicolor Grout .
Bryum (Dill.) L. .

argenteum L.

bimum Schreb.

csespiticium L.

capillare L. .

pseudotriquetrutn (Hedw.) Schwaegr.

roseum Schreb.

ventricosum Dicks. .
Bruchia Schwaegr. .

flexuosa (Schwaegr.) C. Miill.

Sullivantii Aust.
Buxbaumia Haller

aphylla L. .

BUXBAUMIACE^

Calliergon (Sull.) Kindb. .

cordifolium (Hedw.) Kindb.

giganteum Schimp. .
Calypogeia Raddi ....

sphagnicola (Arn. & Perss.) Warnst. & Loeske

suecica (Arn. & Perss.) C. Miill. Frib.

Sullivantii Aust.

tenuis (Aust.) Evans

Trichomanis (L.) Corda

PAGE

48

66

66

66

94,

143

143,

145

143,

144

143,

144

144

143.

146

143,

144

143.

145

143,

146

143,

145

143,

144

143

143,

146

I43>

147

117

87

148

90,

119

119,

120

119

119,

120

119,

120

119

120

119

87

95

95

95

91.

172

172

172

93,

166

166

166

47. 48,

62

63

(^3

62

64

63

63

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

Camptothecium Br. & Sch.

nitens (Schreb.) Schimp.
Campylopus viridis Sull. & Lesq.
Catharinea Ehrh.

angustata Brid.

crispa James

Macmillani Holzing.

undulata (L.) Web. f. & Mohr
Cephalozia Dumort.

bicuspidata (L.) Dumort.

cafcnulata auct.

connivens (Dicks.) Lindb.

curvifoHa (Dicks.) Dumort

divaricata Dumort.

fluitans (Nees) Spruce

lunulsefolia Dumort. .

serriflora Lindb.
Cephaloziella (Spruce) Schiffn.

divaricata (Sm.) Schiffn.

myriantha (Lindb.) Schiffn.
Ceratodon Brid.

purpureus (L.) Brid.
Chiloscyphus Corda

ascend ens. Sulliv.

pallescens (Ehrh.) Dumort.

polyanthus (L.) Corda.
Chrysohypnum (Hampe) G. Roth

chrysophyllum (Brid.) Loeske

hispidulum (Brid.) G. Roth .

polygamum (Br. & Sch.) Loeske

protensum (Brid.) Loeske

stellatum (Schreb.) Loeske
Cirriphyllum Grout .

Boscii (Schwaegr.) Grout

piliferum (Schreb.) Grout
Claopodium (Lesq. & James) Ren. & Ca

pellucinerve (Mitt.) Best
Climacium Web. f. & Mohr

americanum Brid.

Kindbergii Grout
Cololejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn.

Biddlecomins (Aust.) Evans
Conocephalum Wigg.

conicum (L.) Dumort.
Conomitrium JuHanmn Mont.

PAGE

94, 142
142
102

91, 172
173
173

172, 173

172, 173

48, 59

59, 60

61

59. 60

59, 60

61

59, 61
60

60, 61

48, 61
61

61, 62
89, 97

97

47, 58

58

58

58

94. 95, 158

158

158

158, 159

158, 159

158, 159

93, 147

147

147

92, 140
140

92, 170
170
170

49, 71
71

40. 41

41

105

No. II.]

INDEX TO CATALOGUE.

189

Cratoneuron (SuU.) G. Roth

filicinum (L.) G. Roth

Cryphaea Mohr

glomerata Br. & Sch.

CuYriLEACE-T: ....

Ctenidium (Schimp.) Mitt.

molluscum (Hedw.) Mitt. .
Cylmdrofliccium cladorrhizans Schimp.

scductrix Sull. .
Cynodontiiim virens Schimp. .

D

Dendroidace.e
Dichelyma Myrin

capillaceum (L.) Schimp.
Dichodontium Schimp.

peUucidum (L.) Schimp.

DiCR.VXACE.E .

Dicranella Schimp. .

heteromalla (L.) Schimp.

rufescens (Dicks.) Schimp

varia (Hedw.) Schimp.
Dicranum Hedw.

Bergeri Bland.

flagellare Hedw.

fulvum Hook. .

fuscescens Turn.

heteromallum Hedw.

interruptum Brid.

longifoHum Ehrh.

montanum Hedw.

Schradcrl Web. f. & Mohr

scoparium (L.) Hedw.

spurium Hedw.

undulatum Ehrh.

varium Hedw.

viride (Sull. & Lesq.) Lindb
Didymodon Hedw. .

cylindricus Br. & Sch.

rubellus (Hoffm.) Br. & Sch.
Diphyscimn foliosum Mohr
Diplophylleia Trevis.

apiculata Evans

taxifolia (Wahl.) Trevis.
Ditrichum Timm

pallidum (Schreb.) Hampe

PAGE

94,

159

159

92,

130

i.^o

130

94,

161

161

132

133

99

176

91,

130

130

88

, 99

99

95

98
98

98, 99

88, 100
100, lOI
100, lOI
100, 102

102
98

102
100, 102
100, lOI

lOI
100, lOI

100

100

99
102

89, 108
107
loS
171

49, 67
67
67, 68
89, 96
96, 97

190

CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

Ditrichum tortile (Schrad.) Lindb.

96

vaginans (Sull.) Hampe

96

Drepanocladus (C. Miill.) G. Roth

94,

167

aduncus (L.) Warnst.

167,

168

fluitans (L.) Warnst.

167,

168

intermedins (Lindb.) Warnst.

167,

168

Kneiffii (Schimp.) Warnst. .

167

Sendtneri (Schimp.) Warnst.

167,

168

subaduncus Warnst. ....

167,

168

Drummondia Hook. ....

89,

113

clavellata Hook. ....

113

E

Elodium (Sull.) Warnst. ....

92,

142

paludosum (Sull.) Loeske .

142

Encalypta Schreb. .....

no

ciliata (Hedw.) Hoffm.

89,

no

contorta (Wulf.) Lindb.

89,

no

streptocarpa Hedw. ....

no

Entodon C. Miill. .....

92,

132

cladorrhizans (Hedw.) C. Miill.

132

seductrix (Hedw.) C. Miill.

^22,

133

Entodontace^ .....

132

Ephemerum Hampe ....

87,

n6

crassinervium (Schwaegr.) C. Miill.

n6

megalosporum (Aust.) Salm.

n6

serratum (Schreb.) Hampe .

n6

Eurynchium Br. & Sch. ....

92,

148

Boscii Jaeg. & Sauerb

147

diversifolium Br. & Sch.

148

graminicolor (Brid.) Ren. & Card.

148

hians (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.

14S,

149

piliferum Br. & Sch. ....

147

rusciforme (Neck.) Milde .

148,

149

strigosum (Hofifm.) Br. & Sch.

148

Sullivantii Jaeg. & Sauerb.

148

F

Fabroni.\ce.i; ......

134

Fimbriaria tenella Nees

41

Fissidens Hedw.

88, 91,

103

adiantoides (L.) Hedw.

103,

104

bryoides (L.) Hedw.

103

cristatus Wils.

103,

104

dccipiens DeNot.

104

incurvus Schwaegr, .

103,

104

No. II.]

INDEX TO CATALOGUE.

191

Fissidens minutidus Sull.
obtusifolius Wils.
osmundoides (S\v.) Hedw. .
subbasilaris Hedw.
taxifolius (L.) Hedw.

FiSSIDENTACE.E
FONTINALACE.E

Fontinalis (Dill.) L.

antipyretica L.

dalecarlica Schimp. .

Lescurii Sull.

Novje-Angli?e Sull.
Forsstroemia Lindb.

trichomitria (Hedw.) Lindb,
Fossombronia Raddi

foveolata Lindb.

salina Lindb. .

Wondraczekii (Corda) Dumort.
Frullania Raddi

Asagrayana Mont.

Brittoniae Evans

eboracensis Gottsche

Grayana auct. .

Hutchinsicc auct.

plana Sull.

riparia Hampe

squarrosa (R. Bl. & N.) Dumort.

Tamarisci (L.) Dumort.

virginica Gottsche
Funaria Schreb.

hygrometrica (L.) Schreb.
FUNARIACE^ ....

Geocalyx Nees

graveolens (Schrad.) Nees .
Georgia Ehrh.

pellucida (L.) Rabenh.
Gegrgiace.'E ....
Glyphomitrium Brid.

incurvum (Schwaegr.) Broth.
Grimaldia Raddi

barbifrons Bisch.

fragrans (Balb.) Corda
Grimmia Ehrh.

apocarpa (L.) Hedw.

PAGE

104

103,

104

103,

105

103,

105

103,

105

103

128

91.

128

128,

129

128,

129

128,

129

128,

129

92,

131

131

43

46

46

47

46

46

47

49

73

73

73

74

73

74

74

72

73

74

73

73

73

75

74

89,

117

117

116

48

, 59

59

172

91,

172

172

89,

no

no

40

, 41

41

41

89.

III

III

192

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

Grimmia conferta Funck

Olneyi Sull.

pcnnsylvanica Schwaegr.

pilifera Beauv.
Grimmiace/E .
Gvmnostomum curvirostre Hedw.

H

Haplocladium C. Miill.

microphyllum (Sw.) Broth.

virginianum (Brid.) Broth.
Haplohymenium Doz. & Molk.

triste (Cesati) Kindb.
Harpanthus Nees

scutatus (Web. f. & Mohr) Spruce
Hedwigia Ehrh.

albicans (Web.) Lindb.

ciliata Ehrh. ...
Hedwigiace.e

Hepatic.e ....
Heterophyllon Kindb.

Haldanianum (Grev.) Kindb.
Homalia (Brid.) Br. & Sch.

Jamesii Schimp.
Homalothecium Br. & Sch.

subcapillatum (Hedw.) Sull.
Hygrohypnum (Lindb.) Loeske .

dilatatum (Wils.) Loeske

eugyrium (Br. & Sch.) Loeske

Mackayi (Schimp.) Loeske .

ochraceum (Turn.) Loeske .

palustre (Huds.) Loeske
Hylocomium Br. & Sch. .

brevirostre (Ehrh.) Br. & Sch.

splendens (Hedw.) Br. & Sch.

triquctriDii Br. & Sch. .
Hymenostylium Brid.

curvirostre (Ehrh.) Lindb
Hypnace.e
Hypnum (Dill.) L. .

abietimim L.

acuminatum Beauv.

aciitimi Mitt.

adn-atiim Hedw.

aduncum L.

alleglianicnse C. JNliill. .

PAGE

III

Ill,

112

III

III

110

106

92,

139

139

139

92,

136

136

4^

', 59

59

90,

128

128

128

128

38

95,

I6S

165

93,

132

132

93,

134

134

93, 94,

169

169

169

169,

170

169,

170

169

95,

161

161

161

160

90,

106

106

142

94,

166

142

145

144

155

167,

168

171

No. II.]

INDEX TO CATALOGUE.

193

Af:K

Hypnum .Ulciii Lesq. & James .... i.}.!

bergenense Aust.

159

Boscii Schwaegr.

147

brevirostre Ehrh.

161

cavi[^cstre Bruch

144

chrysol^hylliiiii Brid.

158

coiifervoides Brid.

154

cordifolium Hedw.

166

Crista-Castrensis L.

162

cupressifonne L.

164

curvifolium Hedw.

164

cuspidatiiin L. .

167

cylUidrocarpum C. Miill.

151

delicatulum L. .

141

demissmn Wils.

151

denticulaUitn L.

153

deplaiiatuin Schimp.

15^

diversifolium Schimp. .

148

elegans Hook. .

152

eiigyrium Schimp.

169

fertile Sendt.

163

aiicinum L.

159

Huitans L.

168

Auviatile Sw.

157

giganteuin Schimp.

166

gracile Br. & Sch.

139

Haldanianum Grev.

165

hamifolium Schimp.

168

hiaiis Hedw.

149

hispidulum Brid.

158

imponens Hedw.

163

irrigmun Wils.

156

Icctum Brid.

144

latebricola Lindb.

153

I.cscurii Sull. .

157

iniiiutulnin Hedw.

140

molle auct.

169

molhiscuiii Hedw.

161

Mueller ianiim Hook. f.

152

Muhlenbeckii Spruce

154

nitens Schreb. .

142

Novcc-Anglicc Sull. & Lesq. .

146

ochraceum Turn.

170

orthocladon Brid.

156

pallescens Br. & Sch. .

163

pahidosum Sull.
13

142

194

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

Bull.

Hypnum jyaluslrc Huds.
Patientice Lindb.
petrophilum Funck
piliferum Schreb.
pluinosum Sw.
polygarnum Wils.
populeum Hedw.
pratcnse Koc!..
pygmceum Sull.
radicale Wils.
recognitum Hedw
recurvans Beauv.
reptile Michx.
revolvens Sw.
riparium L.
rivulare Bruch
rugosmii Ehrh.
rusifoniie Neck.
Riitabulum L.
salebrosiim Hoffm.
Schreberi VVilld. .
scituiii Beauv.
Scndtneri Schimp.
serpens L.
serrulattiin Hedw.
splendens Hedw.
squarrosiim L.
Starkei Hedw.
stellatiim Schreb.
strigosuni HoflFm.
SullivanticB Schimi)
Sullivantii Spruce
sylvaticum Huds.
triqtietruni L.
turfaceum 'Lindb,
uncinatum Hedw.
velutinum L.

I

Isopterygium Mitt. ....
deplanatum (Schimp.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.
elegans (Hook.) Lindb.
Muellerianum (Schimp.) Lindb.
turfaceum Lindb.

No. 1 1. 1

INDEX TO CATALOGUE.

195

Jamesoniella (Spruce) Steph.

autumnalis (DC.) Steph.
Jubula Dumort.

Hutchinsice auct.

pennsylvanica (Steph.) Evans
Jungermannia (Rupp.) T..

barbata Schreb.

cordifolia Hook.

crenulata Sm.

excisa auct.

lanceolata L.

Novce-Ccssarecc Evans

pumila With.

Schraderi Mart.

TUNGERMANNIACE^
JUNGERMANNI.A.LES

Kantia Trichomanis S. F. Gray
Sullivantii Underw.

K

PAGE

47, 52

52

49. 72

72
72

47, 51
55

51, 52
50
53
51
54

51. 52
52
47
43

.63
64

Lejeunea Libert

calcarea auct.

cavifolia (Ehrh.) Lindb.

echinata auct.

serpylUfolia Libert
Lepidozia Dumort.

reptans (L.) Dumort.

setacea auct.

setacea (Web.) Mitt.

sphagnicola Evans

sylvatica Evans
Leptobryum (Br. & Sch.) Wils.

pyriforme (L.) Wils.
Leptodon trichomitrion Mohr
Leptotrichum pallidum Hampe

tortile C. Miill.

vaginans Schimp.
Leskea Hedw.

denticulata Sull.

obscura Hedw.

polycarpa Ehrh.

tristis Cesati
Leskea CE.ii

LeUCOBRYACE/E

49> 72

71

72

71

72

48, 65

65

65

65

65

65

90, 117

117

131

97

96

96

92, 138

133

138

■.38

136

135
102

196

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

Bull.

PAGE

Leucobryum Hampe ..... 88, 102

glaucum (L.) Schimp.

102

vulgare Hampe

102

Leucodon Schwaegr.

91, 130

brachypus Brid.

130, 131

julaceus (L.) Sull.

130

Leucodontace.e

130

Leucolejeunea Evans

49, 72

clypeata (Schwein.) Evans .

72

Liochlcena lanceolata Nees .

51

Lophocolea Dumort.

48, 57

Austini Lindb. .

57

bidentata (L.) Dumort.

57

heterophylla (Schrad.) Dumort.

57

minor Nees

57, 58

Lophozia Dumort. .

48, 52

attenuata (Mart.) Dumort. .

S3, 55

barbata (Scbreb.) Dumort. .

53, 55

bicrenata (S.limid.) Dumort.

53

excisa (Dicks.) Dumort.

53, 54

gracilis (Schleich.) Steph.

55

incisa (Schrad.) Dumort.

53, 54

inflata (Huds.) M. A. Howe

52, S3

Lyoni (Tayl.) Steph.

S3, 55

marchica (Nees) Steph.

53, 54

Muelleri (Nees) Dumort.

48, 52, S3

Nova-CccsarecB Steph.

54

porphyroleuca (Nees) Steph.

S3, 54

ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort.

53, 54

Lunularia (Mich.) Adans. .

40, 42

cruciata (L.) Dumort.

42

vulgaris Raddi

42

M

Madotheca platyphylla Dumort. .... 71

Porella Dumort.

71

Marchantia (March, f.) L. .

40, 42

polymorpha L.

42

March.\ntiace.e

40

Marciiantiales

38

Marsupella Dumort.

49, SO

emarginata (Ehrh.) Dumort.

50

media (Gottsche) Schiffn.

50

sphacelata auct.

50

SulHvantii (De Not.) Evans

50

Mastigobryum trilobatum Nees

64

No. ii.l

INDEX TO CATALOGUE.

197

Meesia Hedw.

triquetra (L.) Aongstr.

tristicha Br. & Sch.
Meesiace.e
Metzgeria Raddi

conjugata Lindb.

fur cat a auct.

METZGERI.A.CE.E

Micromitrium megalospomm Aust.

Mniace.e

Mniobryum (Schimp.) Limpr.

albicans (Wahl.) Limpr.
Mnium (Dill.) L. .

affine Bland. .

ciliare (Grev.) Lindb.

cinclidioides Hiiben. .

cuspidatum (L.) Leyss

hornum L.

marginatum (Dicks.) Beauv

medium Br. & Sch. .

orthorrhynchum Br. & Sch.

punctatum (L.) Hedw.

rostratum Schrad.

rugicum Laur.

serratum Schrad.

spinulosum Br. & Sch.

sylvaticum Lindb.
Musci ....
Mylia S. F. Gray

anomala (Hook.) S. F. Gray
Myurella Br. & Sch.

Carey mm Sull.

gracilis (Weinm.) Lindb.

julacea (Vill.) Br. & Sch.

N

Nardia S. F. Gray .

crenulata (Sm.) Lindb
crenuliformis (Aust.) Lindb
hyalina (Lyell) Carr.

Neckera Hedw.

pennata (L.) Hedw. .

Neckerace^ .

Notothylas Sull.

orbicularis (Schwein.) Sull
valvata Sull.

PAGE

90,

126

126

126

126

43

. 45

45

45

43

116

121

90,

118

118

90,

121

121, 123,

124

121,

123

121,

125

121,

123

121,

122

121,

122

121,

123

121,

122

121,

124

121,

123

121,

123

122

121,

122

123

76

47

, 56

56

92,

136

136

1.36

136

47

, 50

50

50

, 51

5C

, 51

91,

131

131

131

75

75

75

198

COXXECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[E11II.

o

Octodiceras Brid.

Julianum (Savi) Brid. .
Odontoschisma Dumort.

denudatum (Mart.) Dumort.

prostratum (Sw.) Trevis.

Sphagni auct.
Oncophorus Brid.

virens (Sw.) Brid.
Orthotrichace.e
Orthotrichum Hedw.

anomalum Hedw.

Braunii Br. & Sch.

cupulatum Hoffm.

Lescurii Aust.

ohioense SuU. & Lesq.

psilocarpum James

pumilum Sw.

pusillum Mitt.

-sordidum Sull. & Lesq. .

strangulatum Sull.

58, 105

105

47. 62

62

62

62

8S, 99

99

112

113
114

114
114
114
114
114

115
114

113
114

, 90,
"3,
113.

113.
113,

113,
"3,

Pallavicinia S. F. Gray

Lyellii (Hook.) S. F. Gray
Pellia Raddi

epiphylla (L.) Corda
Phascum L. . . .

cuspidatum Schreb.
Philonotis Brid.

fontana (L.) Brid.
Phragmicoma clypeata Nees
Physcomitrium (Brid.) Br. & Sch.

pyriformc auct.

turbinatum (Michx.) C. Miill.
Plagiochila Dumort.

asplenioides (L.) Dumort.

porelloides Nees .

spinulosa auct.

Sullivantii Gottsche
Plagiopus Brid.

Oederi (Gunn.) Limpr.
Plagiothecium Br. & Sch.

denticulatum (L.) Br. & Sch.

latebricola (Wils.) Br. & Sch.

Muhlenbeckii Br. & Sch.

43. 45

45

43, 46

46

88, 108

108

90, 127
127

72

91, 117
117
117

47, 56

56

56

S6

56

90, 126

126

94, 152

152, 153

152, 153

154

No. II.]

INDEX TO CATALOGUE.

IQf)

Plagiothecium Roeseanum Br. & Sch.

striatellum (Brid.) Lindb.

sylvaticum (Huds.) Br. & Sch.
Platygyrium Br. & Sch.

repens (Brid.) Br. & Sch.
Pleuridium Brid.

alternifolium (Dicks.) Rabenh.

Sullivantii Aust.
Pleurocarpi
Pogonatum Beauv.

alpinum Rohl.

hrevicaulc (Brid.) Beauv.

pennsylvanicum (Hedw.) Par.

tenue (Menz.) E. G. Britton
Pohlia Hedw.

cruda (L.) Lindb.

nutans (Schreb.) Lindb.

proligera Lindb.

POLYTRICHACE^

Polytrichum (Dill.) L.

alpinum L.

commune L

formosum auct.

juniperinum Willd.

ohioense Ren. & Card

piliferum Schreb.

strictum Banks.
Porella (Dill.) L.

pinnata L. .

platyphylla (L.)

rivularis (Nees)
Pottia Ehrh.

truncata Fiirn.

truncatula (L.)

POTTIACE^

Preissia Corda

quadrata (Scop.) Nees
Ptilidium Nees

ciliare auct.

ciliare (L.) Nees

pulcherrimum (Web.) Hanipe
Ptilium (Sull.) De Not.

Crista-Castrensis (L.) De Not

Lindb.
Trevis

Lindb.

Ptychotnitrium incurvum
Pylaisia Br. & Sch.
intricata auct.

Sull.

I>AGE

■52,

153

95, 152,

154

152,

153

93-

132

132

87

96

96

96

87

91

91.

174

175

174

T74

174

90.

it8

riS

118

118

172

91,

T/l

174,

175

175.

176

175

175.

176

174.

US

175

175,

176

49

70

70

71

70

71

70

71

91,

109

109

109

106

40

42

42

49

66

66

66

66

94.

162

162

no

93.

133

133

200

CONNECTICUT GEOL. AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

PAGE

Pylaisia intricata (Hedw.) Br. & Sch.

133, 134

Schimperi Card. ....

133

subdenticulata Schimp.

93, 133, 134

vehitina Schimp. ....

134

R

Racomitrium Brid. .....

89, 112

aciculare (L.) Brid. ....

112

Radula Dumort. .....

49, 69

complanata (L.) Dumort. .

70

obconica SuU. ....

70

tenax Lindb. .....

70

Rauia Aust. ......

92, 139

scita (Beauv.) Aust. ....

139

Reboulia Raddi .....

40

hemisph?erica (L.) Raddi

40

Rhabdoweisia Br. & Sch. ....

88, 99

denticulata (Brid.) Br. & Sch.

99

Rhodobryum (Schimp.) Hampe

90, 120

roseum (Weis) Limpr.

120

Rhynchostegium Br. & Sch.

93, 150

cylindrocarpimi Aust. . . . .

151

dcplanatum Sull. ....

iSi

rcciirvans Aust. ....

150

rusciforme Br. & Sch.

149

serrulatum (Hedw.) Jaeg. & Sauerb.

150

Rhytidiadelphus (Lindb.) Warnst.

95, 160

squarrosus (L.) Warnst.

160

triquetrus (L.) Warnst.

160

Rhytidium (Sull.) Kindb. ....

94, 160

rugosum (Ehrh.) Kindb. . . .

160

Riccardia S. F. Gray ....

43

latifrons Lindb. ....

44

multifida (L.) S. F. Gray

43, 44

palmata (Hedw.) Carruth. .

44, 45

pinguis (L.) S. F. Gray

43, 44

sinuata (Dicks.) Trevis.

43, 44

Riccia (Mich.) L. . . . . _ .

38

arvensis Aust.

38

crystallina L.

39

Auitans L.

39

natans L.

39

Sullivantii Aust.

39

RiCCIACE/E

38

Ricciella A. Br.

38

crystallina (L.) Warr

1st.

38, 39

No. II.]

INDEX TO CATALOGUE.

20 1

Ricciella Huitans (L.) A. Br.

Sullivantii (Aust.) Evans
Ricciocarpus Corda

natans (L.) Corda

Saelania Lindb.

cccsia (Vill.) Lindb.

glaucescens (Hedw.) Broth.
Scapania Dumort.

albicans Aust.

curta (Mart.) Dumort.

dentata Dumort.

irrigua (Nees) Dumort.

nemorosa (L.) Dumort.

undulata (L.) Dumort.
Schwetschkeopsis Broth.

denticulata (SuU.) Broth.
Sematophyllum Mitt.

carolinianum (C. Miill.) E. G. Britton

recurvans (Michx.) E. G. Britton .

tenuirostre (Br. & Sch.) E. G. Britton
Sphcrrangitim muticum Schimp.
Sphagnace.e .
Sphagnales
Sphagnum (Dill.) L.

Acutifolia

acutifolium Ehrh.

compactum DC.

contortum Schultz

Cuspidata

cuspidatum Ehrh.

Cymbifolia

cymbifolium Ehrh.

dasyphyllum Warnst.

Dusenii C. Jens.

fimbriatum Wils.

fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr.

Garberi Lesq. & James

Girgensohnii Russ.

imbricatum Horsch.

inundatum Russ.

laricinum Spruce

medium Limpr.

obesum (Wils.) Warnst.

papillosum Lindb.

PAGE

39

39

38.

39

39

89,

97

97

97

49,

68

67

68

68,

69

68

68,

69

68,

69

92,

132

132

94,

150

150,

151

150

150,

151

108

76

76

76

77,

83

77,

85

78,

81

79,

85

78,

82

78,

83

76.

80

79,

80

77, 78, 79,

85

78,

83

77,

83

77,

84

78,

81

77,

83

79,

80

79,

86

85

79.

81

79,

85

79,

80

D2

CONNECTICUT GEOL, AND NAT. HIST. SURVEY.

[Bull.

phagnum parvifolium (Sendt.) Warnst.

platyphyllum (Lindb.) Warnst

Polyclada

Pulchricoma C. Miill.

quinquefarium (Lindb.) Warnst.

recnrvum Beaiiv.

Rigida

rubelliim Wils.

rufescens (Warnst.) Nees & Hornsch

Squarrosa . '

squarrosum Pers.

subnitens Russ. & Warnst.

Siibsecunda

subsecundum Nees

tenellum (Schimp.) Klinggr.

tenerum (Aust ) Warnst.

teres (Schimp.) Aongstr.

Torreyanum Sull.

Warnstorfii Russ.

Wulfianum Girgens.
Iphenolobus (Lindb.) Steph.

exsectus (Schmid.) Steph.

Michauxii (Web. f. & Mohr") Steph
tteetcia Lyellii Lehm.
Jtereodon (Brid.) Mitt.

curvifolius (Hedw.) E. G. Britton

cupressiformis (L.) Lindb.

fertilis (Sendt.) Lindb. .

imponens (Hedw.) Lindb.

Lindbergii (Mitt.) Warnst.

pallescens (Hedw.) Lindb.
pratensis (Koch) E. G. Britton
reptilis (Michx.) Mitt.
Systeghim Sullivantii Schimp.

PAGE

78, 82

79, 86

76, 81
78, 82

77, 84

78, 82

78, 81

77, 83

79, 86

78, 81

78, 81
77, 84
78,85

79, 86
83

77, 85

78, 82
78, 82
77, 84
76, 81
49- 55

55

55

45

94, 162

162, 164

162, 164

162, 163

162, 163

162, 164

163

162, 165

163

106

J, ,:■ ^

Tetraphis pellucida Hedw.
Thamnium Br. & Sch.

alleghaniense (C. Miill.) Br. & Sch.
Thelia Sull.

asprella (Schimp.) Sull. .

hirtella (Hedw.) Sull. .

T escurii Sull.
Thuidium Br. & Sch.

abietinum (L.) Br. & Sch.

Alleni Aust.

172

92, 171

171

91, 135
135
135

135, 136

92, 141
140, 142
140, 141

No. II.]

INDEX TO C.\T.\LOGUE.

203

r

HACK

Thuidium delicatiiluin ( L. ) Hr. & Sch. . . uo. 1.11

gracilc Br. & Sch,

139

microphyllum Best

139

minutulum (Hedw.) Br. & Sch

139

paludosum Jaeg. & Sauerb.

142

pygmreum Br. & Sch.

140

recognitum (Hedw.> Lindb.

140, 141

scitum Aust.

139

virginianum Lindb. ,

139

Timmia Hedw.

90, 127

cucullata Michx.

127

megapolitana auct.

127

TlMMIACE,.?;

127

tortella (C. Miill.) Limpr

89, 107

csespitosa (Schwaegr.) Linipr.

107

tortuosa (L.) Limpr.

107

Tortula Hedw. .

89, 109

montana (Nees) Lindb.

109, no

muralis (L.) Hedw.

109

papillosa Wils.

109

Trichocolea Dumort.

49, 67

tomentella (Ehrh.) Dumort.

67

Trichostomum Hedw.

H9. 107

cylindricum (Bruch^ C. Miill.

107

U

Ulota Mohr . 90. 115

americana (Beauv.) Limpr.

I'j

crispa (Hedw.) Brid.

116

crispula Bruch

IIS, 116

Hutchinsise (Sm.) Hamni.:ir

115

Ludwigii Brid.

115

ulophylla (Ehrh.) Broth.

115. 116

W

Webera Ehrh. . PL 171

albicans Schinii'.

118

nutans Hedw.

1x8

sessilis (Schmid.) Lindb.

171

Weberace^

171

Weisia Hedw.

89, 106

' viridula (L.) Hedw.

106

(^