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THE BUDGET

OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30

THE BUDGET

OF THE

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30

1963

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1962

For Sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. - Price $1.00 (Paper Cover)

A NOTE ON THE FORMAT OF THE BUDGET

The Budget of the United States Government is presented this year in a new compact volume containing the Budget Message of the Presi- dent and other significant data to place before the Congress the President's budgetary recommendations. This volume contains in its 300-odd pages the facts and figures that most users of the budget would normally need or desire.

Additional infonnation used by the Appropriations Committees of the Congress, and reference materials useful to those concerned with details, will be found in a further volume, entitled The Budget of the United States Government — Appendix. The Appendix contains the text of appropriation language, schedules, and narrative statements on program and performance for the individual appropriations and funds. It also contains the supplementary schedules required by law and heretofore printed in an appendix. The budget for the District of Columbia is printed separately as usual.

Budget documents for the fiscal year 1963, available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. (Paper covers only.)

1. The Budget of the United States Government, 1963

($1.00).

2. The Budget of the United States Government, 1963 —

Appendix ($6.00).

3. The Budget of the United States Government, 1963 — ■

The District of Columbia (35 cents).

4. The Budget in Brief, 1963 (25 cents).

Note. — The first three volumes named above constitute the official budget of the United States Government.

« ^ Boston Public Library

/ P^ p^ / ^ ^ Superintendent of Documents

/^<^3 FEB 1^1962

DEEQSIIORY

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

PART I. THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT.. 7

PART 2. SUMMARY TABLES . 31

Table I. Summary of budget receipts and expenditures 33

Table 2. Summary of new obligational authority by agency 34

Table 3. Summary of budget expenditures by agency 35

Table 4. Summary of trust funds 36

Table 5. Receipts from and payments to the public 37

Table 6. Federal activities in the national income accounts 38

Table 7. Investment, operating, and other budget expenditures 39

Tables. The public debt 40

Table 9. Civilian employment in the Executive Branch. 41

Table 10. Budget totals and public debt. 1789-1963 42

PART 3. BUDGET RECEIPTS 43

Analysis of receipts by source 44

Table 1 1. Sources of budget receipts 49

Table 12. Budget receipts. 1953-1960 54

PART 4. THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 55

Analysis of Federal activities by function 56

National defense 56

International affairs and finance 67

Space research and technology 71

Agriculture and agricultural resources 73

Natural resources 77

Commerce and transportation 81

Housing and community development 85

Health, labor, and welfare 88

Education 93

Veterans benefits and services 96

Interest 99

General government 100

Table 13. New obligational authority and expenditures by function and agency 103

Table 14. Budget expenditures. 1953-1960 llO

PART 5. THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY . 113

Explanation of major steps in financing agency activities .. 1 14

Table 15. Relation of authorizations to expenditures 117

Analysis of new obligational authority and expenditures by agency 1 18

Legislative Branch 118

The Judiciary 129

Executive Office of the President 132

Funds Appropriated to the President 134

Department of Agriculture 139

4 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

PART 5. THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY— Continued Page Analysis of new obligational authority and expenditures by agency — Continued

Department of Commerce 154

Department of Defense:

Military 163

Civil 175

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare 179

Department of the Interior 194

Department of Justice 213

Department of Labor 216

Post Office Department 220

Department of State 222

Treasury Department 227

Atomic Energy Commission 234

Federal Aviation Agency 234

General Services Administration 236

Housing and Home Finance Agency 241

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 246

Veterans Administration 247

Other independent agencies 249

District of Columbia 265

Al lowances for pay adjustments and contingencies 266

Table 1 6. Obligations incurred, net 267

Table 17. Balances of obligational authority 268

PART 6. SPECIAL ANALYSES 269

A. Trust fund operations and status 270

B. Federal receipts from and payments to the public 279

C. Federal activities in the national income accounts 283

D. Investment, operating, and other budget expenditures 290

E. Federal credit programs 304

F. Federal activities in public works and other construction 315

G. Federal research and development programs 327

H. Federal aid to State and local governments 340

I. Principal Federal statistical programs 348

J. Foreign currency availabilities and uses 352

K. Public enterprise fund operations 358

INDEX 362

GENERAL NOTES

The estimates in the budget cover requirements under existing legislation and under legislation which is proposed for enactment by the Congress. While the details of most requests for new obligational authority are contained in the budget appendix, the details of some items will be transmitted later as supplemental esti- mates. A further explanation of this point is included on page I 16.

Unless otherwise indicated, all references to years in this volume are to fiscal years ending June 30.

Details in the tables and charts may not add to the totals because of rounding.

PART I

THE BUDGET MESSAGE

OF THE

PRESIDENT

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Budget Totals

S Billions
100 ~
	^ >^ ^'<A	/
y^eficit^	Surpi	us	<t:	^ Receipts
X
40-	N,	..^ ExD								■
^ —	/
90
0_	1	1		1	1	1	1
19	48 1950 1952 1954 (956	1958 I960 '62 '63
Fiscal Yeors	Estimate

Trust Fund Totals

1948 1950

Fiscal Years

1952 1954 1956 1958 1960

1962 '63

Estimats

BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

To the Congress of tlie United States :

I present with tliis message my budget recommendations for the fiscal year 1963, beginning next July 1.

This is the first complete budget of this administration. It has been prepared with two main objectives in mind :

• First, to carry forward efficiently the activities — ranging from defense to postal services, from oceanographic research to space ex- ploration— which by national consensus have been assigned to the Federal Government to execute ;

• Second, to achieve a financial plan — a relationship between re- ceipts and expenditures — which will contribute to economic growth, high employment, and price stability in our national economy.

Budget expenditures for fiscal 1963 will total $92.5 billion under my recommendations — an increase of $3.4 billion over the amount esti- mated for the present fiscal year. More than three-quarters of the increase is accounted for by national security and space activities, and the bulk of the remainder by fixed interest charges.

Because of the increasing requirements for national security, I have applied strict standards of urgency in reviewing proposed expendi- tures in this budget. Many desirable new projects and activities are being deferred. I am, moreover, recommending legislation which will reduce certain budgetary outlays, such as the postal deficit and the cost of farm price and production adjustments.

It would not, of course, be sensible to defer expenditures which are of great significance to the growth and strength of the Nation. This budget therefore includes a number of increases in existing programs and some new proposals of high priority — such as improvements in education and scientific research, retraining the unemployed and pro- viding young people with greater employment opportunities, and aid to urban mass transportation.

Budget receipts in fiscal year 1963 are estimated to total $93 billion, an increase of $10.9 billion over the recession-affected level of the present fiscal year. These receipts estimates are based on the expec- tation that the brisk recovery from last year's recession will continue through the coming year and beyond, carrying the gross national prod- uct during calendar 1962 to a record $570 billion.

7

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63

The administrative budget for 1963 thus shows a modest surplus of about $500 million. Federal accounts on the basis of the con- solidated cash statement — combining the administrative budget with other Federal activities, mainly the social security, highway, and other trust fmids — show an estimated excess of receipts from the public of $1.8 billion over payments to the public. And in the terms in which our national income accounts are calculated — using accrued rather than cash receipts and expenditures, and including only trans- actions directly affecting production and income — the Federal surplus is estimated at $4.4 billion.

By all three measures in current use, therefore, the Federal Govern- ment is expected to operate in 1963 with some surplus. This is the policy which seems appropriate at the present time. The economy is moving strongly forward, with employment and incomes rising. The prospects are favorable for further rises in the coming year in private expenditures, both consumption and investment. To plan a deficit under such circumstances would increase the risk of inflationary

SUMMARY OF FEDERAL FINANCES

[Fiscal years. In billions]

Description	1959 actual	I960 actual	1961 actual	1962 esti- mate	1963 esti- mate
Administrative budget: Budget receipts . --.-.	$67.9 80.3	$77.8 76.5	$77.7 81.5	$82.1 89.1	$93.0
Budget expenditures. . .. - -	92.5
Budget surplus {+) or- deficit (— )	-12.4	+1.2	-3.9	-7.0	+0.5
Consolidated cash statement: Receipts from the pubhc	81.7 94.8	95.1 94.3	97.2 99.5	102.6 111. I	116.6
Payments to the public	114.8
Excess of receipts (+) or payments (—)...	-13.1	+0.8	-2.3	-8.5	+1.8
National income accounts — Federal sector: Receipts -	85.4 90.2	94.1 91.9	94.8 97.0	105.6 106.1	116.3
Expenditures - . - -	III. 9
Surplus (~1~) or deficit ( — ) . .	-4.8	+2.2	-2.2	-0.5	+4.4
New obligational authority (administrative budget)	81.4 284.7	79.6 286.3	86.7 289.0	95.7 295.4	99.3 294.9

THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

9

pressures, damaging alike to our domestic economy and to our inter- national balance of payments. On tlie other hand, we are still far short of full capacity use of plant and manpower. To plan a larger surplus would risk choking off economic recovery and contributing to a premature downturn.

Under present economic circumstances, therefore, a moderate surplus of the magnitude projected above is the best national policy, consider- ing all of our needs and objectives.

Budset Surplus or DeFicit

SURPLUS

DEFICIT

Fiscal Years 1963 Estimate I

1961

1959 1957 1955 1953 1951 1949 1947 1945 1943 1941 1939

10

10

20

50 $ Billions

Estimate

I

J

10

20

50

60

10

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

BUDGET EXPENDITURES

The total of budget expenditures — estimated at $92.5 billion in fiscal 1963 — is determined in large measure by the necessary but costly pro- grams designed to achieve our national security and international objectives in the current world situation. Expenditures for national defense, international, and space programs account for more than three-fifths of total 1963 budget outlays, and for more than three- fourths of the estimated increase in expenditures in 1963 as compared to 1962. Indeed, apart from the expected increase in interest pay- ments, expenditures for the so-called "domestic civil" functions of government have been held virtually stable between 1962 and 1963.

Within this total there are important shifts in direction and em- phasis. Expenditures for agricultural programs, for the postal defi- cit, and for temporary extended unemployment compensation are expected to drop. The fact that funds for these purposes can be re- duced permits us to make increases in other important areas — notably education, health, housing, and natural resource development— without raising significantly total expenditures for domestic civil functions.

BUDGET EXPENDITURES [Fiscal years. In billions]

Function	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
National defense - _ - - - -	$47.5 2.5 .7	$51.2 2.9 1.3	$52.7
International affairs and finance -_ .-	3.0
Space research and technology . -_ - --_--.	2.4
Subtotal _ .._... -_	50.7 9.0	55.4 9.0	58.1
Interest . - _.	9.4
Domestic civil functions: Agriculture and agricultural resources _ _ _	5.2 2.0 2.6 .3 4.2 .9 5.4 1.7	6.3 2.1 2.9 .5 4.7 l.I 5.6 1.9	5.8
Natural resources _ _ _	2.3
Commerce and transportation _ .	2.5
Housing and community development _.. ...	.8
Health, labor, and welfare . . _	5.1
Education .. . . . . . _ .	1.5
Veterans benefits and services	5.3
General government	2.0
Subtotal, domestic civil functions . .. .	22.4	25.3	25.4
Civilian pay reform	.2
Allowance for contingencies		.1 .7	.2
Deduct interfund transactions _	.7	.7
Total budget expenditures ..	81.5	89.1	92.5

THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

11

m^

P«fc«n» 50-

40-

30-

20-

10-

Budget Expenditures as a Percent of Gross National Product

Am

•jL-jT-liy

JmJ.«^

1938 1940

Fiscal Years

1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 I960 '62 '63

EsHmate

National defense. — This budget carries forward the policies instituted within the past 12 months to strengthen our military forces and to increase the flexibility with which they can be controlled and applied. The key elements in our defense program include : a strate- gic offensive force which would survive and respond overwhelmingly after a massive nuclear attack ; a command and control system which would survive and direct the response; an improved anti-bomber de- fense system; a civil defense program which would help to protect an important proportion of our population from the perils of nuclear fallout; combat-ready limited war forces and the air and sealift needed to move them quickly to wherever they might have to be deployed ; and special forces to help our allies cope with the threat of Communist-sponsored insurrection and subversion.

Increases in expenditures for the Nation's defense are largely responsible for the rise in the budget of this administration compared to that of its predecessor. For fiscal years 1962 and 1963, expendi- tures for the military fmictions of the Department of Defense are estimated at about $9 billion higher, and new obligational authority at $12 to $15 billion more, than would have been required to carry forward the progi'am as it stood a year ago.

For the coming year, the budget provides for further significant increases in the capabilities of our strategic forces, including ad- ditional Minuteman missiles and Polaris submarines. These forces

12 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

are large and versatile enough to survive any attack wliicli could be launched against us today and strike back decisively. The programs proposed in this budget are designed to assure that we will continue to have this capability in the future. This assurance is based on an exhaustive analysis of all the available data on Soviet military forces and the strengths and vulnerabilities of our own forces under a wide range of possible contingencies.

To strengthen the defenses of the North American Continent, this budget proposes additional measures to increase the effectiveness of our anti-bomber defense system, continued efforts to improve our warning of ballistic missile attack, and further research and develop- ment at a maximum rate on anti-missile defense possibilities.

The budget for the current year provides for identifying and mark- ing available civilian shelter space for approximately 50 million peo- ple. This phase of the civil defense program is proceeding ahead of schedule. For 1963, I am requesting nearly $700 million for civil defense activities of the Department of Defense, including $460 mil- lion for a new cost-sharing program with State and local govern- ments and private organizations to provide shelter in selected com- mmiity buildings, such as schools and hospitals.

Although a global nuclear war poses the gravest threat to our sur- vival, it is not the most probable form of conflict as long as we main- tain the forces needed to make a nuclear war disastrous to any foe. Military aggression on a lesser scale is far more likely. If we are to retain for ourselves a choice other than a nuclear holocaust or retreat, we must increase considerably our conventional forces. This is a task we share with our free world allies.

The budget recommendations for 1963 are designed to strengthen our conventional forces substantially. I am proposing:

• An increase in the number of regular Army divisions from 14 to 16. The two new divisions. would replace the two National Guard divisions now on active duty and scheduled to return to reserve status prior to October 1962.

• A substantial increase in the number of regular tactical fighter units of the Air Force and in the procurement of new fighter and reconnaissance aircraft. These steps will provide more effective air support for our ground forces.

• Revision of the programs for organization and training of the reserve components so they will be better adapted and better pre- pared to serve in any emergency which requires mobilization.

• Significant increases in procurement for all of our conventional forces. These forces must be equipped and provisioned so they are ready to fight a limited war for a protracted period of time anywhere in the world.

THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 13

International affairs and finance. — A significant change has taken place in our international assistance programs in recent years. Military assistance expenditures are declining to an estimated $1.4 billion in 196H compared with $2.2 billion 5 years earlier. The moi-e industrialized European countries have almost completely taken over the cost of their own armament. In less developed countries, the mili- tary assistance program continues to provide essential maintenance, training, and selective modernization of equipment, with increased emphasis on internal security, including anti-guerrilla warfare.

On the other hand, expenditures for economic and financial assist- ance to the developing nations of the world have been increasing and are estimated at $2.5 billion in 1963. These expenditures, largely in the form of loans, will rise further in later years as development loan commitments being made currently are drawn upon. A correspond- ing increase is taking place in the contributions of other industrial- ized countries.

The new Agency for International Development has been providing needed leadership in coordinating the various elements of our foreign aid programs throughout the world. A consistent effort is being made to relate military and economic assistance to the overall capabilities and needs of recipient countries to achieve economic growth and sus- tain adequate military strength. To make our assistance more effec- tive, increasing emj)hasis is being placed on self-help measures and necessary reforms in these countries. The authority provided last year to make long-tenn loan commitments to developing countries will be of invaluable assistance to orderly long-range planning. Efforts will also be made to foster more effectively the contribution of private enterprise to development, through such means as investment guar- antees and assistance for surveys of investment opportunities.

In August 1961, the United States formally joined with its neigh- bors to the south in the establishment of the Alliance for Progress, an historic cooperative effort to speed the economic and social develop- ment of the American Republics. For their part, the Latin American countries agreed to undertake a strenuous program of social and eco- nomic reform and development through this decade. As this progi'am of reform and development proceeds, the United States is pledged to help. To this end, I am proposing a special long-term authorization for $3 billion of aid to the Alliance for Progress within the next 4 years. In addition, substantial continued development loans are ex- pected from the Export-Import Bank and from U.S. funds being administered by the Inter-American Development Bank. These, together with the continued flow" of agricultural commodities under the Food for Peace program, will mean support for the Alliance for Progress in 1963 substantially exceeding $1 billion.

14

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

Space research and technology. — Last year I proposed and the Congress agreed that this Nation should embark on a greater effort to explore and make use of the space environment. This greater effort will result in increased expenditures in 1962 and 1963, combined, of about $1.1 billion above what they would have been under the policies of the preceding administration; measured in terms of new obligational authority, the increase is $2.4 billion for the 2 years. With this increase in funds there has been a major stepup in the pro- grams of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in such fields as communications and meteorology and in the most dramatic effort of all — mastery of space symbolized by an attempt t-o send a man to the moon and back safely to earth.

Action is being taken to develop the complex Apollo spacecraft in which the manned lunar flights will be made, and to develop the large rockets required to boost the spacecraft to the moon. The techniques of manned space flight, particularly those of long-term flight and of rendezvous between two spacecraft in earth orbit, are being studied both in ground research and in new flight programs.

Our space program has far broader significance, however, than the achievement of maimed space flight. The research effort connected with the space program — and particularly the tremendous techno-

Composition oF Budget Expenditures

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1 ^Budset Expenditures

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80-

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i

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1938 1940

1942

1944

1946 1948 1950 1952

1954 1956 1958 I960 '62 '6

3

Fiscal Years

Estimate

I Security"

THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 15

logical advances necessary to permit space flight — will have great impact in increasing the rate of technical progress throughout the economy.

Domestic civil functions. — Despite the necessary heavy empha- sis we are giving to defense, international, and space activities, the budget reflects many important proposals to strengthen our national economy and society. It has been possible to include these proposals without any substantial increase in the total cost of domestic civil functions mainly because of proposed reductions in postal and agricultural expenditures. Some of the more important proposals in domestic cIahI programs are mentioned below.

Agriculture and agricultural resources. — In the development of farm programs we are striving to make effective use of American agricultural abundance, to adjust farm production to bring it in line with domestic and export requirements, and to maintain and increase income for those who are engaged in farming. The steps taken thus far, including the temporary wheat and feed grain legislation enacted in the last session of the Congress, contributed significantly to the rise in farm income last year and to some reduction — the first in 9 years — in surplus stocks. However, new long-range legislation is needed to permit further adaptation of our farm programs to the rapidly increasing productive efficiency in agriculture and to avoid continuing high budgetary costs. The reduction in agricultural expenditures in tliis budget (from $6.3 billion in 1962 to $5.8 billion in 1963) reflects the proposals to this end which I shall be presenting to the Congress in a special message.

The 1963 budget also provides for expansion of the food stamp plan into additional pilot areas, and for a substantial increase in Rural Electrification Administration loan funds — to permit financing of additional generation and transmission facilities where that is neces- sary. The adequacy of the funds recommended will depend on the willingness of other power suppliers to meet the requirements of the rural electric cooperatives on a reasonable basis.

Natural resources. — Estimated expenditures of $2.3 billion in this budget for the conservation and development of our natural resources are higher than in any previous year.

The 1963 budget makes provision for the Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Reclamation, and the Tennessee Valley Authority to start construction on 43 neAv water resources projects with an estimated total Federal cost of $600 million. The long-range programs for the national parks and forests are also being strengthened.

16

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

One of our most pressing problems is the adequate provision of outdoor recreational facilities to meet the needs of our expanding population. The Federal Government, State and local agencies, and private groups must all share in the solution. By the end of this month the comprehensive report of the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission is expected to be available. The Secretary of the Interior, at my request, is preparing a plan for the Federal Gov- ernment to meet its share of the responsibility for providing outdoor recreational opportunities, including those related to fish and wild- life.

CoTrmierce and transportation. — Budget expenditures for commerce and transportation progi'ams are estimated to decline from $2.9 billion in 1962 to $2.5 billion in 1963. This decline reflects mainly a drop of $592 million for the postal service, based on my legislative proposal to increase postal rates to a level that will cover the costs of postal opera- tions, except for those services properly charged to the general tax- payer.

Outlays for the Federal-aid highway program are financed almost entirely through the highway trust fund and are not included in the budget total. Combined, Federal budget and trust fund expenditures for commerce and transportation programs in 1963 will amount to almost $6 billion.

Commerce and Transportation

$ BitlioM

8-

7-

6

5

4

3

2

Total Expenditures

	\	<"
	/		Trust Fund Expenditures, Mainly Hishways
-		/
^^^	- - ^				^
	>^^			Budse	t Expendr	tore* j
	1

1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 Fiieal Years Estimate

THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

17

Substantially increased expenditures are provided in tlie 1963 budget for the new program to assist the redevelopment of areas with persistent unemployment and underemployment and for the expand- ing development and operation of the Federal airways system.

Housing and conununlty development. — The long strides forward in housing and community development programs authorized by the Housing Act of 1961 are making it possible to accelerate progress in renewing our cities, in financing needed public facilities, in preserv- ing open space, and in supplying housing accommodations, both pub- lic and private, within the means of low- and middle-income families and elderly people. The major new proposal I expect to make in this field will extend the authority for Federal aids to urban mass transportation.

Health., labor., and welfare. — Budget expenditures for health, labor, and welfare programs are estimated at $5.1 billion and trust fund expenditures at $21.6 billion in 1963. The budget includes increased fmids for health research and for a major strengthening of the pro- grams of the Public Health Service, the Office of Vocational Rehabili- tation, and the Food and Drug Administration. The budget and trust accounts also reflect the legislative recommendations which are pend- ing in the Congress to provide a substantial increase in aid for medical education and to enact health insurance for the aged through social security.

Health, Labor, and Welfare

S Billions 30 -

25

20

10

Total Expendllures

Social Security and Other Trust Fund Expenditures

Budjet Expenditures

1953 1954 Focal Years

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

I960

1961

1962 1963 Estimate

610000 0—62-

18 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

I have o;iven particular attention in this budget to strengthening the labor and manpower functions of the Department of Labor and related agencies. In addition to increased funds for the United States Employment Service and for other existing Federal programs, the budget includes funds for the urgently needed legislation providing for Federal aid for training or retraining unemployed workers, and for the training of our young people through an experimental youth employment opportunities program.

Many American families rely for help and for a new start in life upon the public assistance programs. Yet these programs frequently lack both the services and the means to discharge their purpose con- structively. This budget includes substantial increases for public assistance. I am also proposing a significant modernization and strengthening of the welfare programs to emphasize those services which can help restore families to self-sufficiency.

Education. — Expenditures for existing and proposed education programs are estimated to be $1.5 billion in 1963, an increase of $327 million over 1962. A strong educational system providing ready access for all to high quality free public elementary and second- ary schools is indispensable in our democratic society. Moreover, able students should not be denied a higher education because they cannot pay expenses or because their community or State cannot afford to provide good college facilities. This budget therefore includes funds for the legislative recommendations pending before the Congress to provide loans for the construction of college academic facilities and funds for college scholarships, and assistance to public elementary and secondary education through grants for the construction of class- rooms and for teachers' salaries. The budget also includes funds for a new program of financial aid to improve the quality of education by such means as teacher training institutes. Continuing our policy of building the research effort of the Nation, fvmds are recommended for the National Science Foundation to expand support for basic research and the construction of research facilities, particularly at colleges and universities, and to strengthen programs in science education.

Veterans henefits and services. — Our first concern in veterans pro- grams is that adequate benefits be provided for those disabled in the service of their country. The last increase in compensation rates for service-disabled veterans was enacted in 1957. To offset increases in the cost of living since that time, I again recommend that the Congress enact legislation to establish higher rates, part icularly for the severely disabled. The 1963 budget provides $64 million for this proposal.

THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 19

NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY

Before Federal funds can be spent, the Congress must enact author- ity for each agency to incur financial obligations. For the current year, it now appears that $3,8 billion of new obligational authority over the amount already enacted will be required. Of this amount, $2 billion represents standby authority for lending in case of need to the International Monetary Fund — in accordance with the recently concluded agreement under which other countries will make avail- able twice this amount of standby authority. This will make a total of $95.7 billion of new obligational authority for fiscal 1962.

For 1963, my recommendations for new obligational authority total $99.3 billion. This includes substantial sums needed for forward funding of programs — such as those of the Department of Defense and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration- — under which commitments are made in one year and expenditures often occur in later years.

BUDGET RECEIPTS

The estimate of budget receipts for fiscal year 1963 rests on pro- jections of economic recovery and growth which will be discussed in the Economic Report. In brief, the revenue estimates are based on the assumption that the gross national product wdll rise from $521 billion in the calendar year 1961 to $570 billion in calendar 1962. At this level of output, corporate profits in calendar 1962 would be about $56.5 billion and personal income about $448 billion. These figures do not reflect the additional stimulus which would be given to invest- ment and incomes in the economy by the investment tax credit now pending before the Congress.

Since the spring of calendar year 1961, the average gain in gross national product has been about 2i/^% per quarter. The economic assumptions underlying the budget estimates will be realized with a somewhat more modest rate of gain of approximately 2% per quarter. This pace of advance would reduce the rate of unemploy- ment to approximately 4% of the civilian labor force by the end of fiscal 1963.

There are, of course, uncertainties in any estimates of economic developmentvS so far ahead. If private demand gains greater strength than we now foresee and the current expansion accelerates, there would be a larger Federal surplus, which would be a valuable means of restraining potential inflationary pressures. If, on the other hand, the economic recovery unexpectedly halts or is reversed, revenues w^ould fall below the current estimates and a deficit would inevitably result, moderating the economic slowdown.

20

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

BUDGET RECEIPTS

[Fiscal years. In billions]

Source	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Individual income taxes	$41.3 21.0 9.1 1.9 1.0 4.1	$45.0 21.3 9.6 2.1 1.2 3.5	$49.3
Corporation income taxes Excise taxes ._	26.6 10.0
Estate and gift taxes Customs -. . .. . - _- _ - _	2.3 1.3
Miscellaneous receipts	4.2
Total . -	78.3 .7	82.8 .7	93.7
Deduct interfund transactions	.7
Total budget receipts	77.7	82.1	93.0

Aside from revenue gains based on economic expansion, there will be larger revenue collections as a result of strengthening the Internal Revenue Service with additional enforcement personnel. Collections are estimated to be increased $300 million during 1963 because of this effort.

Tojx reform jyroposals. — Extensive and careful consideration has already been given to the proposals enumerated in my special tax message to the Congress last April. These tax reform proposals, as I noted last year, represent a first step in improving our tax system. The House Committee on Ways and Means has made action on a similar set of recommendations its first order of business this year. I hope they will be enacted early in this session.

I particularly urge enactment of the tax credit for investment in depreciable equipment. The 8% credit as formulated by the Commit- tee on Ways and Means, together with administrative revision of guidelines for depreciation now underway, will encourage moderniza- tion of productive equipment in private industry desirable alike to improve .the Nation's potential for economic growth and the ability of our producers to compete with those abroad.

Any net reduction in fiscal 1963 revenues resulting from adoption

of the investment credit is expected to be offset by additional revenues

resulting from the enactment of measures to remove defects and

inequities in the tax structure, including :

• Corrective legislation with respect to the tax treatment of gains

on depreciable property, including both real and personal property,

which would prevent abuses that now occur and permit greater

flexibility in the rules for salvage value in determining depreciation.

THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 21

• A system of tax Avithholding on dividend and interest income, needed to overcome the serious loss of revenue and the unfairness resulting from the faihire of some individuals to report these types of income on their tax returns.

• Repeal of the exclusion from an individual's taxable income of the tii^st $;")() of dividends and the credit against tax of 4%. of addi- t ional dividends,

• Statutory provisions to cope with the problem of business deduc- tions for entertainment and gifts and other expense account items,

• Legislation to eliminate unwarranted tax preferences now received by several special types of institutions. Earnings of cooperatives reflecting business activities should be currently taxed either to the cooperatives or to the patrons; special provisions now applicable to mutual tire and casualty insurance companies should be repealed; and the tax deductible resei^ve provisions applicable to mutual savings banks and savings and loan associations should be amended to assure nondiscriminatory taxation among competing financial institutions.

• RcA^sion of the tax treatment of foreign income to serve the over- all objective of tax neutrality between domestic and foreign opera- tions. This requires eliminating tax deferral privileges except in less-developed countries, and tightening up on other preferences given to foreign income under existing law. ThevSe involve (a) tax haven operations, (b) taxation of foreign investment companies, (c) taxation of American citizens who are resident abroad, (d) es- tate tax on real property abroad, (e) computation of allowances for foreign tax credits on dividends, and (f) taxation of foreign trusts.

Extension of present tax rates. — The budget outlook foi- 1963 re- quires that the present tax rates on corporation income and certain excises be extended for another year beyond their scheduled expiration date of June 30, 1962. Existing law calls for changes which would lower the general corporation income tax rate from 52% to 47%; reduce the excise rates on distilled spirits, beers, wines, cigarettes, passenger automobiles, and automobile parts and accessories; and allow the tax on general telephone services to expire. I recommend postponement of these changes for another year to prevent a revenue loss of $2.8 billion in 1963.

Transportation tax and user charges. — Under existing law, the 10% tax on transportation of persons is scheduled for reduction to 5% on July 1, 1962. This tax poses special problems for common carriers

22

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

which must compete with private automobiles not subject to the tax. At the same time it is clearly appropriate that passengers and shippers who benefit from special Government programs should bear a fair share of the costs of these programs.

Accordingly, I recommend that the present 10% tax as it applies to passenger transportation other than by air be repealed effective July 1, 1962. I also recommend enactment of new systems of user charges for commercial and general aviation and for transportation on inland waterways.

More specifically, I recommend that the following user charges be enacted, effective January 1, 1963, with the receipts to be retained in the general fund: (a) a 5% tax on airline tickets and on airfreight waybills; (b) a 2-cents-per-gallon tax on all fuels used in commercial air transportation, including jet fuels; and (c) a 3-cents-per-gallon tax on all fuels used in general aviation. The January 1, 1963, effec- tive date will allow time for review by the Civil Aeronautics Board of fare adjustments that might be required by these user charges. Pend- ing the proposed tax changes, the present 10% tax on air transporta- tion and the 2-cents-per-gallon aviation gasoline tax should be con- tinued until December 31, 1962.

To extend the principle of user charges to inland waterways, a tax of 2 cents per gallon should be applied to all fuels used in trans- portation on these waterways, effective January 1, 1963.

PUBLIC DEBT

Changes in the public debt from year to year reflect mainly the amount of the budget surplus or deficit. With a budget surplus of $500 million proposed for 1963, the public debt on June 30, 1963, is expected to be $294.9 billion compared with $295.4 billion at the end of the current year.

PUBLIC DEBT

(Fiscal years. In billions]

Description

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

Public debt at start of year

Change due to budget deficit (-|-) or surplus (— ) Change due to other factors •

Public debt at close of year

$286.3 +3.9 -1.2

$289.0

+7.0

-.6

$295.4 -.5

289.0

295.4

294.9

'For details, see table 8 in part 2 of this document.

THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

23

,-H "%>-"*. r >.«.*•■" -^'^^Tjy^w^'' 5^!??

PlfCtnt

125 -

Public Debt as a Percent of Gross National Product

1938 1940 1942 1944 1946 1948 1950 1952 1954 1956 1958 1960

Fiscal Yean

'62 '63

EtHmote

The limit on the public debt now stands at $298 billion until June 30, 1962, after which the permanent ceiling of $285 billion again becomes effective. The present temporary limit was established last June before the Berlin situation required additional defense expendi- tures which used up the margin of flexibility included in the $298 billion limit.

The current limit would impose serious operating difficulties on the Treasury during the remainder of fiscal 1962. The critical stage in functioning under the present limit is upon us and the Treasury is without any margin to meet unexpected contingencies. Although the total debt will decline to $295A billion after the receipt of taxes in June, customary seasonal patterns of expenditures in excess of re- ceipts can \je expected to raise the total debt above the present $298 billion temporary limit at times during the intervening months.

Despite the expectation of budget balance for fiscal 1963 as a whole, with the debt expected to return to the $295 billion level on June 30, 1963, seasonal requirements will temporarily raise the outstanding debt during the course of the year to nearly $305 billion. To make the usual allowance for a margin of flexibility in fiscal 1963, and to restore immediately needed flexibility for operations over the re- mainder of fiscal 1962, I urge prompt enactment of a temporaiy in- crease of the debt limit to $308 billion, to be available for the re- mainder of this year and throughout fiscal 1963.

24 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

BUDGET AND FISCAL POLICY

Beyond the specific elements of budget expenditures and receipts, it is necessary to consider tlie relationship of the budget as a whole to the national economy. Three aspects of this relationship have been given particular attention in the preparation of this budget.

The budget and economic growth and stability. — Our na- tional economic policy is to achieve rapid economic progress for the Nation, with the benefits widely distributed among all parts of the population, to achieve and maintain levels of employment and output commensurate with our growing labor force and productive capacity, and at the same time to maintain reasonable price stability.

The Federal budget has a major role to play in achieving these objectives. Basic investments and services of large importance to the Nation are provided through the Government. Striking evidence of this contribution is that the Federal budget today supports about two-thirds of all the scientific research and development going for- ward in the Nation. The budget also supports education, transpor- tation, and other developmental activities contributing to national growth.

Federal budget policy also has a major role to play in economic stabilization. This role was evident in fiscal years 1961 and 1962, when deficits were incurred in turning the business cycle from reces- sion to recovery, as had been true in 1958-59 and in earlier recessions.

We do not expect another economic recession during the period covered by this budget. However, experience has taught us that periodic fluctuations in the economy cannot be completely avoided, and that Federal fiscal policy should work flexibly and promptly in such situations. For this, we need standby plans, the merits and mechanics of which have been explored ahead of time by the Congress and the administration.

Three proposals particularly merit congressional consideration at this time :

First, the President should be given standby discretionary authority, subject to congressional veto, to reduce personal income tax rates on clear evidence of economic need, for periods and by percentages set in the legislation.

Second, he should have standby power to initiate, when unemploy- ment rises sharply, a temporary expansion in Federal and federally

THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 25

aided public works prooranis includin<2: authority for new Federal grants and loans for State and local capital iniprovenients. The le<rislation ])rovidino- for such an anti-recession program should ensure that projects to be financed will meet high-priority needs, will be started promptly and completed rapidly, and will result in a net addition to Federal, State, or local expenditures.

Third, legislation should be enacted to strengthen considerably the Federal-State unemployment insurance system, including a perma- nent system of extended unemj^loyment benefits for workers whose regular benefits expire — in good times or bad for workers witli long work experience and in recession periods for all workers. These recommendations Avill he discussed in the Economic Report.

The budget and the balance of payments. — In formulating this budget, careful consideration has been given to the impact on our int-ernational balance of payments of Federal expenditures abroad for defense, foreign assistance, and the conduct of foreign affairs. During the coming year, IT.S. Government expenditures abroad are estimated to be $4.4 billion, compared with $4.6 billion in the current year, mainly for construction and procurement of goods and services for U.S. military and civilian operations abroad; military and civilian salaries ; and the fraction of foreign assistance which does not directly finance U.S. exports. The 1963 estimate reflects many actions which have been taken to reduce the level of Government expenditures abroad. We are managing to strengthen our military defenses over- seas without increasing our foreign exchange outlays, and with re- spect to economic aid we are stressing even further the procurement of American goods and services.

This budget also reflects other measures we are taking to improve the balance of payments, including tax measures to encourage the modernization of productive equipment and consequent increases in our competitive ability in world markets, stepped up export promo- tion activities, greater encouragement to foreign travel in the United States, and reduced tax inducements to invest in developed areas abroad rather than at home. To improve further our balance of pay- ments position, we are continuing negotiations with other industrial- ized countries with the objective of increasing their purchases of defense materiel in the United States and their contributions to the economic advance of the developing countries.

26 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

Basic improvement in our balance of payments will depend pri- marily upon our ability to continue a high degree of overall price stability and to improve the competitive position of U.S. goods in world markets. The dynamic development and prospective expan- sion of the European Economic Community are resulting in funda- mental changes in world commerce. This pattern of growth presents us with unparalleled export opportunity as well as a continuing challenge. We must meet these changes boldly, confident in our con- tinuing ability to compete on the world markets and to participate in the enormous benefits to all concerned which accrue from the worldwide division of labor and expansion of trade. These are the objectives of the legislative recommendations concerning trade ex- pansion which I shall be sending to the Congress shortly in a special message.

The budget and Federal capital outlays. — In contrast with the practice of many businesses, State and local governments, and foreign governments, the budget of the U.S. Government lumps together expenditures for capital investment and for current opera- tions. Nevertheless it is clearly of importance, in analyzing the sig- nificance of the Federal budget to the Nation, to recognize that the budget includes substantial expenditures for loans, public works, and other durable assets and capital items which will yield benefits in future years.

Furthermore, increasing attention has been given in recent years to the significance of "developmental" expenditures — outlays for educa- tion and training, and for research, which have the effect of adding to the Nation's level of knowledge and of skill, and thereby increase the capacity to produce a larger national output in future years.

In the 1963 budget, expenditures for Federal civil public works are estimated to be $2.5 billion, and another $1.5 billion is estimated for additions to State, local, and private physical assets. About $7 billion of loan disbursements, to be repaid later, will be made in 1963 (including mortgage purchases) ; repayments in 1963 of loans pre- viously made are expected to total $5 billion, resulting in net budget expenditures of $2 billion for civil loans. An estimated $4.8 billion

THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT

27

Expenditures for Physical Assets,

Loans, Research, and Other Developmental Purposes

will be spent for civil developmental purposes such as education, training, health, and research and development.

Certain trust fimd transactions add to the Nation's assets, as well. For example, in 1963, $3.2 billion will be spent for grants to States for highways through the highway trust fund.

28 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

EFFICIENCY AND ECONOMY IN THE PUBLIC SERVICE

The effort to increase the cleoree of efficiency with which the public business is conducted requii'es constant and unremitting effort on many fronts. This budget reflects continuing improvement in many agencies in productivity per employee, brought about through better training, better supervision, more effective organization, and more efficient equipment.

The first requirement for efficiency and economy in Government is highly competent personnel. In this regard we face one very im- portant problem on which I am placing a new recommendation be- fore the Congress.

This is the urgent need to achieve a reform of white-collar salary systems to enable the Government to obtain and keep the high quality personnel essential for its complex and varied programs. Such a reform should bring career employee salaries at all except the very top career levels into reasonable comparability wdth private enterprise salaries for the same level of work, and provide salary structures with pay distinctions more adequately reflecting differences in degree of responsibility. These two fundamental standards have been widely supported in the past as proper objectives in determining Government salary structures and I now urge that they be given prac- tical effect.

The legislation I am proposing provides for some adjustment in nearly all salary grades, but it is clear that the higher grades have fallen farthest below the level of reasonable comparability and must therefore be given the greatest percentage increases to make the Gov- ernment competitive.

There is also a need for more equitable recognition than is presently provided for postal employees, most of whom spend their entire careers in a single pay level. The proposed reform meets this need directly by increasing the number and size of in-grade steps and by replacing the present longevity increases with additional step in- creases. The proposal takes into account the career character of the large postal carrier and clerk employee group, recruited at grade PFS^, by linking their pay with employees paid under the Classifi- cation Act at GS-5.

To ease the budget impact, and to provide ample time for the Con- gress to study the matter in the light of additional information which will become available annually, I am suggesting that the new pay scales take effect in three annual stages, beginning January 1, 1963.

THE BUDGET MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT 29

Important steps to improve tlie military pay strnctiire, particularly for higher ranking: officers, have been taken in recent years, first in 1055 and, more significantly, in 1058, However, the adjustments now being recommended in civilian compensation require study of the pos- sible need for further changes in military compensation. Conse- quently, I am directing that a thorough review be made which will permit an up-to-date appraisal of the many elements of military compensation and their relationship to the new proposed levels of civilian compensation. There is one area, however, which has already been adequately reviewed. To reflect an acknowledged rise in housing costs, I am proposing legislation to provide selective increases in the basic allowance for quarters payable to military personnel. As in the case of the civilian pay adjustments, these increases should take effect January 1, 1068. ^

Pay adjustments alone will not assure high standards of employee competence. There must be scrupulous fairness in recruiting and as- signing personnel^ — and we have given renewed emphasis to equality of opportunity in the Federal service. There must be absolute integ- rity in all dealings with the public and with policy questions — and we have established clearer and stronger guides on ethical standards and recommended improvement in the conflict of interest statutes. There must be careful attention to the views of employees and their organiza- tions— and we are placing into effect the recommendations of the task force on employee-management relations in the Federal service.

Efficiency and economy require also steady improvement, in the organization of the Executive Branch. Notable advances were made this past year, with the cooperation of the Congress : new and stronger organizations for foreign aid, for disarmament, for civil defense, and for maritime activities were establislied ; a number of regulatory commissions were substantially strengthened; and new centralized agencies were established in the Department of Defense for intelli- gence and for supply activities. A number of further recommenda- tions are pending in the Congress, notably the proposal to establish a new Department of Urban Affairs and Housing, on which I urge early action.

Finally, increased efficiency requires systematic study of ways and means to accomplish the public business more effectively and at less cost. This work goes forward continually in all fields. I cite by way of illustration a few current examples:

• The study, now well along toward completion, of the use of con- tracts with educational institutions, nonprofit corporations, and

30 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

private business concerns for the management of Government re- search and development activities. This study of "contracting-out" is being made by the Bureau of the Budget with the cooperation of the principal agencies concerned, and is expected to provide much more information on these matters than has been available here- tofore.

• Studies, recently completed or in progress, of the operations and management of the Export-Import Bank and the Federal Communi- cations Commission. These studies are made by management con- sulting firms, and are similar to those completed in recent yeare for the Federal Trade Commission, the Civil Aeronautics Board, and the Interstate Commerce Commission, all of which produced recom- mendations of considerable value.

• The study, organized at the request of the Department of State by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, of personnel requirements — and ways of meeting those requirements — for U.S. activities overseas in the light of present-day conditions in the world.

Studies of this kind normally do not produce headlines, but they are typical of the effort continually underway to raise the efficiency and reduce the cost of conducting the public business.

CONCLUSION

This budget represents a blending of many considerations which affect our national welfare. Choices among the conflicting claims on our resources have necessarily been heavily influenced by international developments that continue to threaten world peace. At the same time, the budget supports those activities that have great significance to the Nation's social and economic growth — the mainsprings of our national strength and leadership. In my judgment, this budget meets our national needs within a responsible fiscal framework— which is the test of the budget as an effective instrument of national policy. I recommend it to the Congress for action, in full confidence that it provides for the prudent use of our resources to serve the national interest.

John F. Kennedy.

January 18, 1962.

PART 2

SUMMARY TABLES

31

32

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

THE BUDGET DOLLAR

Where it comes from . . .

Excise Taxes All Other

Where it goes

Fixed Interest Charses

Veterans

Health and Welfare

Fiscal Year 1963 Estimate

SUMMARY TABLES

33

Table I. SUMMARY OF BUDGET RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)

Description

BUDGET RECEIPTS

Individual income taxes

Corporation income taxes

Excise taxes

Estate and gift taxes

Customs

Miscellaneous budget receipts- Total

Deduct interfund transactions.

Total, budget receipts.

BUDGET EXPENDITURES

National defense

International affairs and finance

Space research and technology

Agriculture and agricultural resources

Natural resources

Commerce and transportation

Housing and community development

Health, labor, and welfare

Education

Veterans benefits and services

Interest

General government

Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies.

Total

Deduct interfund transactions .

Total, budget expenditures Budget surplus (+) or deficit (— ).

1961

actual

41,338

20.954

9,063

1,896

982

4,080

78,313 654

77,659

47,494 2,500

744 5,173 2,006 2,573

320 4,244

943 5,414 9,050 1,709

82,169 654

81,515

-3,856

1962 estimate

45,000 21,300 9,627 2,090 1,215 3.524

82,756 656

82.100

51.212 2.896 1.300 6.343 2,117 2,915 545 4,708 1,143 5.572 8,998 1.910 75

89.732 656

89,075

-6.975

1963 estimate

49,300 26,600 9,956 2,325 1,320 4,192

93.693 693

93.000

52.690 2.996 2.400 5.836 2.298 2.531

832 5.105 1.470 5.298 9.398 2,027

350

93.230 693

92.537

+463

Note. — This table shows receipts and expenditures of the budget accounts (but not the trust and deposit funds) and the resulting budget surplus or deficit. A further analysis of receipts appears on pages 44 to 53 (including table II). A further analysis of expenditures by function appears on pages 56 to 109 (including table 13).

610000 O— 62-

34

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

Table 2. SUMMARY OF NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY BY AGENCY

(in millions of dollars)

Description

Legislative Branch

The Judiciary

Executive Office of the President, Funds appropriated to the Presi- dent: Foreign Assistance — economic.

Other

Department of Agriculture

Department of Commerce

Department of Defense:

Military

Civil

Department of Health, Educa- tion, and Welfare

Department of the Interior

Department of Justice

Department of Labor

Post Office Department

Department of State

Treasury Department

Atomic Energy Commission

Federal Aviation Agency

General Services Administration. Housing and Home Finance

Agency

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration

Veterans Administration

Other independent agencies

District of Columbia

Allowances for —

Pay adjustments (except for

Post Office Department) • . -

Contingencies

Total new authority.

obligational

1961 enacted

128 53

72

2,646

81

5,559

869

43,106 978

3,942 826 297

1,075 895 300

9,977

2,781 690 513

4,500

964

5,575

769

81

86,675

1962 estimate

Enacted

129

58 28

2,315 230

7,374 794

49.525 1.012

4,605 919 295 644 867 281 9,995 2,547 730 594

855

1,672

5.390

1,050

62

91,970

Supple- mental needed

2,000 537

353 2

128

100

15

156 178 36

100

3,778

Total

129 59

28

2,315

2,230

7,911

794

49,878 1,014

4,764 929 297 644 867 409 9,996 2,647 730 609

856

1,828

5,567

1,086

62

100

95,748

1963 estimate

Trans- mitted herein

3.397 190

6.965 634

51.420 1.066

5.101

1,074

309

273

800

338

10,438

2.987

791

587

834

3.787

5,449

1,228

63

97,953

Later trans- mittal

-539

54

220

1,177

175

-535

12

20

150

162 300

1.350

*Less than one-half million dollars.

Note. — New obligational authority, here summarized, consists primarily of appropriations, but also includes certain other types of authority enacted by the Congress. The types of authority and the columnar headings for 1962 and 1963 are explained on pages 1 14 to 116. A more detailed analysis of new obligational authority is found on pages 118 to 266.

' Allowance for pay adjustment for Post Office Department is included in line for that Department above.

SUMMARY TABLES

35

Table 3. SUMMARY OF BUDGET EXPENDITURES BY AGENCY (in millions of dollars)

Description

1961 actual

1962 estimate

Enacted

Supple- mental needed

Total

1963 estimate

Trans- mitted herein

Later trans- mittal

Legislative Branch

The Judiciary

Executive Office of the President . Funds appropriated to the Presi- dent: Foreign assistance — economic.

Other

Department of Agriculture

Department of Commerce

Department of Defense:

Military

Civil

Department of Health, Educa- tion, and Welfare

Department of the Interior

Department of Justice

Department of Labor

Post Office Department

Department of State

Treasury Department

Atomic Energy Commission

Federal Aviation Agency

General Services Administration. Housing and Home Finance

Agency

National Aeronautics and Space

Administration

Veterans Administration

Other independent agencies

District of Columbia

Allowances for — Pay adjustments (except for Post Office Department) • . . Contingencies

133

52 69

1,805

77

5,929

498

44,676 972

3,685 801 284 831 914 258 9,953 2,713 638 387

502

744

5,401

794

50

161 58 32

1.935 236

7.143 624

47.928 1.013

4,328 866 297 563 853 325 9,973 2,750 708 487

34 25

322 2

141 7 1

127

80

940

1.292

5.383

778

90

14

177 -44

161 59 32

1,935 236

7,177 650

48,250 1,015

4,469 873 298 563 853 453 9,973 2,830 708 501

940

1,300

5,560

734

90

Subtotal

Deduct interfund transactions.. _

Total budget expenditures.

82,169 654

88.761

75

971

75

89,732 656

148 63 22

2.235 186

7.248 808

49.499 1,071

4,895

1,027

304

266

798

330

10.411

2.860

781

576

1.368

2.252

5,220

530

85

-540 7

201

288 3

*

120

-537

12

19

20

150 200

92.985

245

81,515

89,075

' Less than one-half million dollars.

Note. — For explanation of the columnar headings for 1962 and 1963, seepage 116. For more detailed information on expenditures by agency and account, see pages 118 to 266.

' Allowance for pay adjustment for Post Office Department is included in line for that Depart- ment.

36

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table 4. SUMMARY OF TRUST FUNDS (in millions of dollars)

Description

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

TRUST FUND RECEIPTS

Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund

Federal disability insurance trust fund

Unemployment trust fund

Railroad retirement account

Federal employees retirement funds

Highway trust fund

Veterans life insurance funds

Other trust funds

Subtotal

Deduct interfund transactions

Total, trust fund receipts

TRUST FUND EXPENDITURES

Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund

Federal disability insurance trust fund

Unemployment trust fund

Railroad retirement account

Federal employees funds

Highway trust fund

Veterans life insurance funds

Federal National Mortgage Association trust fund, net Deposit funds and all other trust funds

Subtotal

Deduct interfund transactions

Total, trust fund expenditures

Net accumulation

11.910 1.093 3.805 1.051 2.033 2.925 725 779

24,322 515

23.807

11.839

756

4.736

1.124

879

2.745

801

-89

962

23.754 515

23.239

568

12.252 1.116 3.584 1.110 2.063 3.136 744 1.013

14.231 1,175 4,154 1,188 2.128 3.383 743 1.002

25.018 473

28.005 498

24.545

13.328

1.076

3.844

1.126

1.022

3.161

749

856

887

27.506

14.282 1.160 3.897 1.144 1.109 3.385 674 470 1.028

26.047 473

27.148 498

25.574

26.650

-1.029

857

Note. — This table summarizes the trust and deposit fund receipts and expenditures which are in addition to the budget transactions shown on table I. The transactions presented here relate to funds which the Government holds in a fiduciary capacity. More detailed information on the trust and deposit funds, including data on investments and borrowing, is included in special analysis A (pages 270 to 278).

SUMMARY TABLES

37

Table 5. RECEIPTS FROM AND PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC (in millions of dollars)

Description

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

FEDERAL RECEIPTS FROM THE PUBLIC

Individual income taxes

Corporation income taxes

Elxcise taxes

Employment taxes

Elstate and gift taxes

Customs

Deposits by States, unemployment insurance

Veterans life insurance premiums

Other budget and trust receipts

Total, Federal receipts from the public.

FEDERAL PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC

National defense

International affairs and finance

Space research and technology

Agriculture and agricultural resources

Natural resources

Commerce and transportation

Housing and community development

Health, labor, and welfare

Education

Veterans benefits and services

Interest

General government

Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies

Payments and adjustments, net

Total, Federal payments to the public

Excess of Federal receipts (-f) or payments (— ).

41,338

20,954

11,986

12.502

1,896

982

2,398

504

4.682

97,242

47.685 2,153 744 5,183 2.103 5.107 -103

22.364

945

6.187

7.257

1.723

-1.820

99.528

-2.286

45.000

21.300

12.759

13,022

2,090

1,215

2,400

520

4,317

102.623

51.534 3.181 1.300 6.383 2.210 5.860 1.809

24,161 1,144 6,281 6,914 1,927 75 -1,632

111.147

-8.524

49,300

26,600

13,335

15,409

2,325

1.320

2.600

518

5.206

116.614

53.030 2.935 2.400 5.812 2,396 5,677 1,559

25,940 1.472 5,918 7,121 2,042 350 -1,849

114.804

+1.810

Note. — This table combines the budget transactions shown in table I and the trust fund transac- tions shown in table 4, excluding payments between the two groups of funds, so that these figures show only the flow of money between the Government and the public. Further information is in- cluded in special analysis B, pages 279 to 282.

38

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

Table 6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN THE NATIONAL- INCOME ACCOUNTS

(in billions of dollars)

Description

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

RECEIPTS, NATIONAL-INCOME BASIS

Personal tax and nontax receipts

Corporate profits tax accruals

Indirect business tax and nontax accruals

Contributions for social insurance _.

Total, receipts, national-income basis

EXPENDITURES, NATIONAL-INCOME BASIS

Purchases of goods and services

Transfer payments "

Grants-in-aid to State and local governments

Net interest paid

Subsidies less current surplus of Government enterprises.

Total, expenditures, national-income basis

Surplus (-f) or deficit (— ), national-income basis

42.9 20.1 13.6 18.1

94.8

54.6

25.7

6.4

6.9

3.3

97.0

-2.2

46.7 24.6 14.5 19.8

105.6

60.2

27.8

7.0

6.6

4.5

106.1

-0.5

51.7 27.5 15.3 21.8

116.3

64.2

29.4

7.7

6.9

3.7

111.9

+4.4

Note. — This table shows Federal receipts and expenditures on the basis used in the national income and gross national product statistics of the Department of Commerce. Both budget funds and trust funds of the Government are included. However, many figures have been adjusted from a cash to an accrual basis, and transactions have been excluded which consist of exchange^ or transfers of claims and of previously existing assets (such as loans, the purchase of land, etc.). For a fuller explanation, see Special Analysis C (pages 283 to 289).

SUMMARY TABLES

39

Table 7. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Additions to Federal assets: Civil: Loans and investments _ _	1,692 1,874 -390 51 310	2,568 2.183 -620 51 487	1.957
Public works — sites and direct construction . .	2,452
Major commodity inventories — net change _	-376
Major equipment . .. .	89
Acquisition and improvement of other physical assets	386
Total, civil . - - - .	3,537	4.669	4,508
National defense: Loans - . .	-52 1.896 49 13.080 1,364	-3 1.503 90 14.847 1.257	-10
Public works — sites and direct construction _	1,450
Major commodity inventories — net change _	104
Major equipment . _ .	15,377
Acquisition and improvement of other physical assets	1,237
Total, national defense _ _	16,337	17.694	18.158
Total, additions to Federal assets	19,875	22.362	22,665
Additions to other assets: Civil: State and local physical assets. --.__...	307 940 11	371 991 21	480
Private physical assets	980
National defense: State and local physical assets .	135
Total, additions to other assets	1,258	1.383	1,595
Expenditures for other developmental purposes: Civil: Education, training, and health . .	908 1,409 64	1.073 2.146 80	1,413
Research and development	3,311
Engineering and natural resource surveys..	95
Total, civil . . ...	2,380	3.299	4.819
National defense: Education, training, and health Research and development	14 7.342	15 7.464	16 8,146
Total, national defense. . . ..	7.356	7,479	8,162
Total, other developmental expenditures	9.736	10.778	12.982
Current aids, special services, and operating expenses: Civil	27.509 23.791	29.116 26,018	29.402
National defense.. .. . ..	26,236
Total, current aids, special services, and operating expenses Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies .	51.300	55,134 75	55,638 350
Subtotal . __	82,169 654	89,732 656	93.230
Deduct interfund transactions	693
Total budget expenditures. . ..	81,515	89.075	92.537

Note. — This table excludes trust fund expenditures, which cover such additions to assets as federally aided highways. For more information on this classification see special analysis D (pages 290 to 303).

40

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table 8. THE PUBLIC DEBT (in millions of dollars)

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
SUMMARY OF GOVERNMENT OPERATIONS Budget surplus or deficit (— ) (table 1)	-3.856 212 -815 285	-6.975 -53 86 -113	463
Trust fund operations, net (special analysis A. table A-6) Public enterprise debt and investment transactions, net (special analysis K, table K-5) . _	-138 -109
Increase or decrease (— ) in outstanding checks less deposits in transit... __ .... .. ..	234
Total operations surplus or deficit (— )	-4.173	-7.055	450

CHANGE IN CASH BALANCES

Cash balances, end of year.. Cash balances, start of year.

Increase or decrease (— ) in cash balances.

7,456 8.989

-1,533

6.800 7.456

-656

EFFECTS ON PUBLIC DEBT

Public debt at start of year

Subtract operations surplus (or add deficit)

Add increase (or subtract decrease) in cash balances.

Public debt at end of year.

286,331

4.173

-1,533

288.971 7.055 -656

288.971

295.370

COMPARISON OF PUBLIC DEBT WITH STATUTORY LIMITATION

Public debt at end of year

Portion of public enterprise debt subject to the public debt limita- tion

Portion of public debt not subject to limitation (—)...

Debt subject to statutory limitation, end of year.

Statutory limitation on debt, end of year '

288.971

240 -349

295.370

465 -340

288.862

295.495

293.000

308.000

' Maximum statutory debt limitation during the year 1961, $293,000 million; during 1962 under existing law, $298,000 million; under legislation proposed in the budget message the temporary limit would be $308,000 million through the remainder of 1962 and in 1963.

SUMMARY TABLES

41

Table 9. SUMMARY OF CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT IN THE EXECUTIVE

BRANCH

Description

Executive Office of the President

Department of Agriculture

Department of Commerce

Department of Defense:

Military '

Civil 2

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

Department of the Interior

Department of Justice

Department of Labor

Post Office Department

Department of State

Agency for International Development.

Peace Corps

Treasury Department

Atomic Energy Commission

Federal Aviation Agency

General Services Administration

Housing and Home Finance Agency

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Veterans Administration

Other agencies

Total

As o( June 30

1961 actual

2,767 102,557 30,337

,012,375 30,032 70,335 59,458 31,262 7,491

582,447 23,814 14.906 227 79.970 6.846 42,838 29,944 11,507 17,471

174.110 76.335

2.407,029

1962 estimate

1,661 110,934 30.793

.037.018

31.445

78,028

64,762

31,997

8,642

593,265

24,038

16,219

547

82,995

6,923

45,118

32,844

13,607

22,000

177,860

81.649

2.492,345

1963 estimate

1.564 116.388 32.773

.029.069

31.562

82.669

70.157

32.671

8.956

608.729

24.221

16.059

1.093

89.876

7.035

48,959

34,521

14,981

26,300

178,975

81.832

2.538.390

Note. — Although most of the employees shown here are paid from budget funds, some are paid from trust funds: and in the case of some agencies, the table includes employees who are paid from other funds outside the scope of the budget document. In accordance with definitions of the Civil Service Commission, the figures cover both those employees who are working on June 30, and also part-time and intermittent employees who work at any time during the month of June.

' Consists of civilian employment for military functions and military assistance.

2 Employment for Panama Canal Zone Government, Panama Canal Company, and United States Soldiers' Home is included in "Other agencies" below.

42

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63

Table 10, BUDGET TOTALS AND PUBLIC DEBT, 178»-1963 (in millions of dollars)

Fiscal year

1 789-1 849 _ 1850-1899.

1900

1901.....

1902

1903

1904

1905

1906

1907

1908

1909

1910

1911

1912

1913

1914

1915

1916

1917

1918

1919

1920

1921

1922

1923

1924

1925

1926

1927

1928

1929

1930

	Budget	Surplus
Budget	expend-	< + ) or
receipts	itures	deficit (-)
1.160	1.090	+70
13.895	14.932	-1.037
567	521	+46
588	525	+63
562	485	+77
562	517	+45
541	584	-43
544	567	-23
595	570	+25
666	579	+87
602	659	-57
604	694	-89
676	694	-18
702	691	+11
693	690	+3
714	715	*
725	725	*
683	746	-63
762	713	+48
1.100	1.954	-853
3,630	12.662	-9,032
5.085	18.448	-13,363
6.649	6.357	+291
5.567	5.058	+509
4.021	3.285	+736
3.849	3.137	+713
3.853	2.890	+963
3,598	2.881	+717
3.753	2.888	+865
3.992	2.837	+1.155
3.872	2,933	+939
3.861	3.127	+734
4.058	3.320	+738

Public

debt at

end of

year

63

1.437

.263 .222 .178 .159 .136

.132 .143 .147 .178 .148

.147 .154 .194 .193 ,188

M91

1.225

2.976

12.455

25.485

24.299 23.977 22.963 22.350 21.251

20.516 19.643 18.512 17.604 16,931

16,185

Fiscal year

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954......

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962 est...

1963 est...

	Budget	Surplus
Budget	expend-	( + ) or
receipts	itures	deficit (-)
3,116	3,577	-462
1.924	4,659	-2,735
1.997	4,598	-2,602
3.015	6,645	-3,630
3.706	6,497	-2,791
3.997	8,422	-4,425
4.956	7,733	-2,777
5.588	6,765	-1.177
4.979	8,841	-3.862
5.137	9,055	-3.918
7.096	13,255	-6.159
12.547	34,037	-21.490
21,947	79,368	^57.420
43,563	94,986	-51.423
44.362	98,303	-53.941
39,650	60,326	-20.676
39,677	38.923	+754
41,375	32.955	+8.419
37,663	39.474	-1.811
36,422	39.544	-3.122
47.480	43.970	+3.510
61.287	65.303	-4,017
64.671	74.120	-9,449
64,420	67.537	-3,117
60,209	64,389	-4,180
67,850	66.224	+1,626
70,562	68.966	+1,596
68.550	71.369	-2,819
67.915	80.342	-12.427
77,763	76.539	+1.224
77,659	81.515	-3.856
82,100	89.075	-6.975
93,000	92,537	+463

Public

debt at

end of

year

16.801 19.487 22.539 27.053

28,701 33,779 36.425 37,165 40,440

42,968

48,961

72.422

136,696

201,003

258,682 269.422 258.286 252.292 252,770

257,357 255.222 259,105 266,071 271.260

274.374 272.751 270.527 276,343 284,706

286,331 288.971 295.370 294.920

'Less than one-half million dollars.

Note. — Greater detail on budget receipts and budget expenditures for the period 1953 to 1960, inclusive, is found in table 12 (page 53) and table 14 (page 110). respectively. The change in the public debt from year to year is not necessarily the same as the budget surplus or deficit for the reasons summarized and demonstrated for the period 1961 to 1963 in table 8 (page 40). It reflects also changes in the Government's cash on hand, and the use of corporate debt and investment trans- actions by certain Government enterprises.

Certain interfund transactions are excluded from budget receipts and budget expenditures starting in 1932. For years prior to 1932 the amounts of such transactions are not significant.

Refunds of receipts are excluded from budget receipts and budget expenditures starting in 1913: comparable data are not available for prior years.

PART 3

BUDGET RECEIPTS

43

ANALYSIS OF RECEIPTS BY SOURCE

This section of the budget provides supporting detail for the tax proposals and the estimates of budget receipts which are described in the Budget Message.

These estimates of receipts are based on the expectation that the broad economic recovery which began in the first quarter of the calendar year 1961 will continue, and assumes the enactment of pro- posed legislation regarding taxes.

BUDGET RECEIPTS

(Fiscal years. In millions|

Source	1961 actual	1962 estimate	|963 estimate
Individual income taxes ..	$41,338 20.954 9.063 1.896 982 4.080	$45,000 21.300 9.627 2.090 1.215 3.524	$49,300
Corporation income taxes.. .-	26.600
Excise taxes .. .. . . . .	9.956
Estate and gift taxes. .. . . . . .	2.325
Customs - . - -	1.320
Miscellaneous receipts . . ..	4.192
Total	78.313 654	82.756 656	93.693
Deduct interfund transactions.	693
Total budget receipts	77.659	82.100	93.000

ECONOMIC BASE OF ESTIMATES

Both the receipt and expenditure estimates in this budget are based on the expectation that the gross national product in the calendar year 1962 will amount to $570 billion, an increase of almost $50 billion over the calendar year 1961. This estimated increase in the total value of goods and services produced will be accompanied by com- mensurate increases in private incomes. Personal income is expected to rise from $417 billion in calendar 1961 to $448 billion in calendar 1962. Corporate profits have increased each quarter since the reces- sion low of the first quarter of the calendar year 1961. Despite this rising trend during the calendar year, profits for the year as a whole are estimated to be only slightly above the total for calendar 1960, during which profits were declining. For calendar 1962 as a

44

BUDGET RECEIPTS 45

whole, a substantial rise of $10.5 billion to $56.5 billion of corporate profits is estimated.

The various tax bases are estimated consistent with these assumed measures of overall economic activity. However, since taxes are assessed against certain transactions, transfers, and flows of income as defined by statute rather than as defined in the national income accounts, the relationship of receipts to measures of economic aggre- gates cannot be precise. Moreover, some adjustments are required for differences in timing. During a period of economic recovery, tax col- lections do not expand as quickly as many indices of economic activ- ity. Changes in corporation income tax collections, in particular, lag behind changes in corporate profits.

ESTIMATED CHANGES IN REVENUES

The estimated increase in total budget receipts between fiscal 1962 and 1963 is $10.9 billion, compared with an increase of $4.4 billion between the fiscal years 1961 and 1962. Although individual income tax receipts are expected to contribute more than four-fifths of the revenue gains in 1962, coi-porate income taxes will contribute the largest single part of the 1963 increase. AVith the exception of mis- cellaneous receipts, for which a decline is estimated in 1962 from the unusually large collections in 1961, all other sources of receipts show advances in both years.

However, the rise in total receipts is estimated to take place with no major change in the proportions derived from particular sources. The individual income tax remains the most important source of revenue, contributing over one-half the receipts in each year, followed by corporation income taxes which contribute about one-quarter of budget receipts.

The budget receipts totals include an estimated $100 million in fiscal 1962 and $300 million in 1963 expected to result from the expanded enforcement activities of the Internal Revenue Service.

Sources of receipts. — Individual income tax receipts in fiscal 1963 are estimated to be $4.3 billion higher than in 1962, reflecting the projected rise of over $30 billion in personal income expected between calendar years 1961 and 1962. The 1962 receipts estimate is $3.7 billion above the actual collections in 1961, because, in spite of the recent recession, personal incomes were higher.

Receipts from corporation income taxes are expected to increase by $5.3 billion in fiscal year 1963, reflecting the estimated large rise in corporate profits between calendar years 1961 and 1962. Corporation income tax receipts in fiscal 1962 are expected to be only $346 million above the previous year.

46 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Excise tax receipts are estimated to increase by $564 million in 1962 and to rise fnrther by $329 million in 1963. Most of the excise taxes are expected to show increases in both 1962 and 1963, as a result of the general rise in business activity and incomes. The largest in- creases in both years are expected from the taxes on passenger auto- mobiles, liquor and tobacco, and communications.

Receipts from estate and gift taxes are expected to rise to $2.1 bil- lion in the current year and to advance further to $2.3 billion in 1963. Because of the predominance of estate taxes in this total and the length of time permitted for filing estate tax returns, the revenue from this source' lags more than a year behind current changes in security prices and values of other assets which constitute the bulk of the tax base.

Customs receipts are estimated to increase to $1.3 billion in 1963, compared to the estimated $1.2 billion in 1962, as the increased level of business activity generates an expansion in taxable imports.

Miscellaneous receipts are estimated to decrease by $556 million in the current year, but are expected to advance by more than this amount in 1963. Fiscal 1961 receipts were unusually large by reason of a large loan prepayment by the Federal Republic of Germany. The repayment to the general fund of advances to certain States for temporary unemployment compensation during the 1961 recession ac- counts for the major part of the 1963 increase.

Efforts are being continued to set fees and charges for special Gov- ernment services and benefits at appropriate rates in light of costs to the Government and value to those benefiting.

PROPOSED LEGISLATION

Tax reform proposals. — The tax reform program set forth in this budget is expected tO' have no net effect on total revenues. The in- vestment credit of 8% of expenditures for equipment recommended to encourage modernization of industrial equipment will result in a net- - revenue loss, while revenue gains are expected from the following: proposals to eliminate inequities in the present tax structure :

(a) Withholding on dividend and interest income to recoup thn revenue lost because of failure to report such income in full on tax returns.

(b) Repeal of the present $50 dividend exclusion and 4% tax credit for dividends above $50.

BUDGET RECEIPTS 47

(c) Limitation of the capital gain treatment of gains on depreciable real and personal property.

(d) Restriction of business ex]:)ense deductions for entertainment, gifts, and other expense account items.

(e) Taxation of business earnings of cooperatives either at the individual or organization level.

(f ) Eepeal of special provisions applicable only to mutual organi- zations in the fire and casualty insurance field.

(g) Revision of the tax deductible reserve provisions applicable to mutual savings banks and savings and loan associations to assure nondiscriminatory taxation among competing financial institutions.

(h) Changes in the tax treatment of foreign income by limiting tax deferral privileges generally to the newly developing countries and by tightening up on various preferences permitted under present law with respect to (1) tax haven operations, (2) taxation of foreign investment companies, (8) taxation of American citizens who are residents abroad, (4) estate tax on real property abroad, (5) com- putation of allowances for foreign tax credits on dividends, and (6) taxation of foreign trusts.

Extension of present tax rates. — Under present law, the corporation income tax rate wnll drop from 52% to 47% and excise tax rates on distilled spirits, beer, wines, cigarettes, passenger automobiles, and automobile parts and accessories will decline on July 1, 1962, while the tax on general telephone service will expire on July 1, 1962. The revenue estimates assume that legislation extending present rates for these taxes for 1 year beyond June 30, 1962, will be enacted as recommended.

Trans'portation tax and iiser charges. — Under existing legislation amounts paid for transportation of persons are taxed at 10%. The rate will decline to 5% on July 1, 1962. The estimates for 1963 assume that legislation will be enacted, as recommended, to repeal the tax on transportation of persons other than by air effective July 1, 1962, and establish a system of user charges for aviation and inland waterways.

With respect to aviation, legislation is proposed to continue the present 10% tax on transportation of persons until December 31, 1962.

48

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

After that date a tax of 5% on amounts paid for transportation of per- sons and freight by air would be effective. In addition, the present tax of 2 cents per gallon on aviation gasoline would be extended to jet fuels and the tax rate on fuels used in general aviation would be raised to 3 cents per gallon. The proceeds from these taxes would be retained in the general fund instead of being transferred to the high- way trust fund, as is now the case for the aviation gasoline tax.

A user charge is also recommended, to be effective January 1, 1963, of 2 cents per gallon on fuels used on inland waterways, which would offset part of the cost of the operation and maintenance of waterways.

ESTIMATED EFFECT OF PROPOSED LEGISLATION ON BUDGET RECEIPTS

(In millions]

				Fiscal year 1963	Full annual effect
Corporation income taxes: Tax rate extension . . „	$1,300	$2,800
	persons) :
Excise taxes: Tax rate extensions (excluding transportation of Alcohol taxes _..-......-	415 259 410 60 395	267
Tobacco taxes. _ ._ . . . . _	240
Passenger automobiles .. .. .. . .	430
Parts and accessories for automobiles . .	73
General telephone service _ . .	525
Subtotal, excise tax rate extensions .	1,539	1.535
	effective July 1 nonths to Decern er present law.	1962.. ber31.
Transportation proposals: Repeal tax on transportation other than by air Extend tax on air transportation at 10% for 6 n 1962, after which it would drop to 5 % as unc Tax transportation of freieht by air	-34 46 3 9 13 1 3	-39
	7
Credit existing 2^ per gallon aviation gas tax receipts to Extend 2^ rate to jet fuel _ . . .	genera	fund..	19 36
Increase rate to 3^ on fuels used in general avia Tax fuel used on inland waterways	tion			3
			10
Subtotal, transportation proposals .	41	36
Total, excise taxes	1,580	1,571
Miscellaneous receipts: Sugar import fees . .
180 -105	180
Other	-105
Tota I , proposed legislation . ..	2,955	4,446

BUDGET RECEIPTS

49

Table 11. SOURCES OF BUDGET RECEIPTS (in millions of dollars)

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Individual income taxes: Withheld	32,978 13.175	36.325 13.645	40,225
Other	14.245
Gross individual income taxes Less refunds,.. . . ..	46,153 4,815	49.970 4.970	54.470 5.170
Net individual income taxes	41,338	45.000	49.300
Corporation income taxes. - _. _	21,765 810	22.200 900	27.400
Less refunds . _ .	800
Net corporation income taxes	20.954	21.300	26.600
Excise taxes: Alcohol taxes: Distilled spirits (domestic and imported)	2.277 795 22 96 22	2.360 800 23 98 22	2.470
Beer	800
Rectification tax . _ _ ._	23
Wines (domestic and imported)	100
Special taxes in connection with liquor occupations. _.	22
Total alcohol taxes .	3.213	3.303	3.415
Tobacco taxes: Cigarettes (small) . . ._ . _	1.924 17 49 1 *	1.980 17 52 1 *	2.050
Manufactured tobacco (chewing, smoking, and snuff). Cigars (large)	17 52
Cigarette papers and tubes... . ....	1
All other ...	*
Total tobacco taxes	1.991	2.050	•2.120
Taxes on documents, other instruments, and playing cards: Issues of securities, stock and bond transfers, and deeds of conveyance Playing cards Silver bullion sales or transfers	141 8 *	147 8 *	152 8 *
Total taxes on documents, other instruments, and playing cards	149	155	160
Manufacturers' excise taxes: Gasoline Jet fuel	2.370	2.422	2.485 13
Lubricating oils.. ..	74 1.229 237 189 280 64 33 190 56 98	76 1,345 260 189 368 69 37 205 60 100	80
Passenger automobiles Automobile trucks, buses, and trailers Parts and accessories for automobiles. .	1,500 270 200
Tires, inner tubes, and tread rubber Electric, gas, and oil appliances Electric light bulbs. . _ ____ ..	391 73 40
Radio and television receiving sets, phonographs, phonograph records, and musical instruments Mechanical refrigerators, quick-freeze units, and self-contained air-conditioning units Business and store machines	225 65 115

See footnote at end of table.

610000 O— 62-

50

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table

SOURCES OF BUDGET RECEIPTS (in millions of dollars )— Continued

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Excise taxes — Continued Manufacturers' excise taxes — Continued Photographic equipment -.. --_.	25 5 21 15 2 9	28 5 23 16 2 10	30
Matches.- .__ -._ -._	5
Sporting goods, including fishing rods, creels, etc Firearms, shells and cartridges Pistols and revolvers . . _ ._	26 18 2
Fountain and ballpoint pens, mechanical pencils	11
Total manufacturers' excise taxes	4,897	5.215	5.549
Retailers' excise taxes: Jewelry	168 29 132 68	173 30 144 68	179
Furs - --	30
Toilet preparations .--- .	157
Luggage, handbags, wallets, etc ._ ..	72
Total retailers' excise taxes . - . .	398	415	438
Miscellaneous excise taxes: Toll telephone service, telegraph and teletypewriter service, wire mileage service, etc	344 483 264	375 495 280	410
General telephone service -- . _.	525
Transportation of persons - -..-	159
Transportation of persons by air - - -	34
Transportation of freight by air			3
Fuel used on inland waterways . -			3
Diesel fuel used on highways	89 46 37 34 7 64 7 * 92 24 4 3	107 105 40 34 7 68 7 * 94 24 5 2	125
Use tax on certain vehicles	120
Admissions, exclusive of cabarets, roof gardens, etc... Cabarets, roof gardens, etc ..	43 35
Wagering taxes, including occupational taxes Club dues and initiation fees . ..	7 71
Leases of safe deposit boxes	7
Coconut and other vegetable oils, processed
Sugar tax	96
Coin-operated amusement and gaming devices Bowling alleys and billiard and pool tables All other miscellaneous txcise taxes	25 5 1
Total miscellaneous excise taxes	1,498	1.643	1.669
Undistributed depository receipts and unapplied collec- tions	-81	61	67
Gross excise taxes Less refunds . - . .	12,064 78 2.923	12.842 83 3,132	13.418 83
Less transfer to Highway trust fund	3.379
Net excise taxes .	9.063	9.627	9.956
Employment taxes: Federal Insurance Contributions Act and Self-Employ- ment Contributions Act Railroad Retirement Tax Act Federal Unemployment Tax Act	11,586 571 345	11,949 597 476	13.809 624 976
Gross employment taxes .....	12,502 1	13.022 *	15.409
Less refunds. .	*

See footnote at end of table.

BUDGET RECEIPTS

51

Table 11. SOURCES OF BUDGET RECEIPTS (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Employment taxes— Continued Less transfers to: Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund Federal disability insurance trust fund _	10,623 963 571 345	10.972 977 597 476	12.780 1,029
Railroad retirement account .	624
Unemployment trust fund	976
Net employment taxes	_*
Estate and gift taxes. .	1.916 20	2.110 20	2,345
Less refunds	20
Net estate and gift taxes .-	1,896	2.090	2.325
Customs	1.008 25	1.241 26	1 346
Less refunds .	26
Net customs ._. ....	982	1.215	1,320
Miscellaneous receipts: Under existing legislation: Miscellaneous taxes ...	5 55 6	5 67 8	5
Seigniorage	40
Bullion charges . . .	1
Fees for permits and licenses: Admission permits and fees .	5 5 20 9 6 37	5 6 20 9 6 17	7
Business concessions	6
Immigration, passport, and consular fees	21
Patent and copyright fees	9
	6
Miscellaneous fees for permits and licenses	204
Total fees for permits and licenses	81	62	255
Fines, penalties, and forfeitures: Fines, penalties, and forfeitures, customs, com- merce, and antitrust laws Other fines, penalties, and forfeitures .	5 8	5 8	5 7
Total fines, penalties, and forfeitures Gifts and contributions	14 *	13 *	12 *
Interest: Interest on loans to Government-owned enterprises- Interest on domestic loans to individuals and private organizations.. .. _ . .. _.	640 99 169 34	642 88 202 14	678 86
Interest on foreign loans and deferred payments Miscellaneous interest collections	200 14
Total interest _ . . . ..	942	947	978
Dividends and other earnings: Deposits of earnings, Federal Reserve System Payment equivalent to income taxes Miscellaneous dividends and earnings	788 9 7	725 16 9	775 20 9
Total dividends and other earnings.	805	751	804

See footnote at end of table.

52

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table 11. SOURCES OF BUDGET RECEIPTS (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Miscellaneous receipts — Continued Under existing legislation — Continued Rents: Rent of land - - --	12 2 29 51	14 133 29 52	15
Rent on Outer Continental Shelf lands Rent of real property, not otherwise classified Rent of equipment and other personal property	210 29 52
Total rents - -	94	227	307
Royalties: Royalties on Outer Continental Shelf lands Miscellaneous royalties on natural resources Royalties on patents and copyrights .-	6 109 *	7 113 *	10 114 t
	114	120	124
Sale of products: Sale of timber and other natural land products	139 11 171 5 5	160 12 178 5 6	166 12
Sale of power and other utilities	201
Sale of publications and reproductions _ - _	5
Sale of miscellaneous products and byproducts	6
Total sale of products - _ _ _ _	330	360	390
Fees and other charges for services and special bene- fits: Fees and other charges for administrative, pro-	15 9 4 5 13 54	16 9 4 5 13 58	16
Fees and other charges for communication and	9
Charges for subsistence, laundry, and health services. Fees and other charges for services provided to the District of Columbia --	5 5
Fees for general governmental services - -	14
	59
Total fees and other charges for services and special benefits	99	104	107
Sale of Government property: Sale of real property - - -	12 251 79	8 245 91	8
Sale of equipment and other personal property Sale of scrap and salvage materials	265 97
Total sale of Government property	343	344	370
Realization upon loans and investments: Repayment from States and other public bodies Repayment of domestic loans to individuals and private organizations Repayment of foreign loans Repayment on miscellaneous recoverable costs Miscellaneous repayments on loans and investments.	1 345 655 7 4	1 195 193 13 5	513 23 119 7 5
Total realization upon loans and investments	1.012	407	668

See footnote at end of table.

BUDGET RECEIPTS

53

Table 11. SOURCES OF BUDGET RECEIPTS (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Miscellaneous receipts— Continued Under existing legislation — Continued Recoveries and refunds: Recoveries under military occupation	1 8 130 11 32	* 10 53 11 36	44
Recoveries of excess profits and costs Recoveries under foreign aid programs -_	10 34
Refunds of erroneous payments _ _	11
Miscellaneous recoveries and refunds	34
Total recoveries and refunds	182	109	133
Gross miscellaneous receipts Less refunds - - .	4.082 2	3,526 2	4.194 2
Net miscellaneous receipts	4,080	3,524	4.192
Subtotal receipts Deduct interfund transactions	78.313 654	82.756 656	93.693 693
Total budget receipts	77,659	82.100	93.000

* Less than one- half million dollars.

Note. — Estimates include effect of proposed legislation.

Table 12. BUDGET RECEIPTS, 1953-1960 (in millions of dollars)

Description	Actual
	1953	1954	1955	1956	1957	1958	1959	I960
Individual income taxes Corporation income taxes Excise taxes (net).-	30,108 21,238 9.868 274 881 596 _ 1.859	29,542 21,101 9,945 283 934 542 2,309	28.747 17.861 9.I3I 579 924 585 2.562	32,188 20,880 9,929 322 1,161 682 3,004	35,620 21,167 9,055 328 1,365 735 2,760	34,724 20,074 8,612 333 1,393 782 3,200	36.719 17.309 8.504 321 1.333 925 3,160	40.715 21.494 9,137
Employment taxes Estate and gift taxes Customs Miscellaneous receipts	339 1.606 1,105 4.062
Subtotal	64,825 154	64.655 235	60,390 181	68.165 315	71,029 467	69,117 567	68.270 355	78.457
Deduct interfund transactions.	694
Total budget receipts. . .	64,671	64.420	60.209	67,850	70.562	68,550	67.915	77.763

Note. — Figures shown in this table are net of refunds, but correspond to the net figures used in the same classifications for fiscal years 1961 to 1963 in table 1 1 (pages 49 to 53).

PART 4

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

55

ANALYSIS OF FEDERAL ACTIVITIES BY FUNCTION

This section of the budget describes the Government activities pro- posed for 1963 in terms of the major functions they serve. It pre- sents greater detail on existing programs and on new legislative rec- ommendations than is included in the Budget Message.

Almost four-fifths of the $92.5 billion of budget expenditures esti- mated for 1963 represent costs associated with our current national security and with past wars. Expenditures for national defense, international, and space programs are estimated at $58.1 billion; those for veterans benefits and for interest payments, which are related to past wars, are expected to total $14.7 billion. All other expenditures are estimated at $19.7 billion, about one-fifth of the total ; they include $5.1 billion for health, labor, and welfare programs and $5.8 billion for agricultural programs.

Tlie expenditure total includes a $200 million allowance for contingencies, and an allowance of $150 million is included for the pay adjustments being proposed for Federal white-collar employees; the recommended revisions in postal workers' pay are included with other estimated Post Office expenditures.

NATIONAL DEFENSE

The national defense category used in this budget encompasses the military functions of the Department of Defense, military assistance to other countries, atomic energy, and several activities directly sup- porting our defense effort. Expenditures for national defense in 1963 are estimated at $52.7 billion, $1.5 billion more than in 1962 and $5.2 billion more than in 1961. Practically all of the increase is for the Department of Defense, including the civil defense activities recently transferred to that Department.

Department of Defense — Military.— T\\% 1963 budget for the military functions of the Department of Defense is the first to be de- veloped under procedures introduced last year which integrate the making of plans, programs, and budgets. Under these procedures the defense program is developed in terms of the principal military missions of the Defense Establishment, rather than by military serv- ices. This approach features long-range projections of programs 56

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

57

and comparisons of the cost-effectiveness of alternative weapons sys- tems. It also involves the continnal review and adjustment of lonjj;- range objectives to conform with changes in tlie international situa- tion and in military requirements and technology.

NATIONAL DEFENSE

(Fiscal years. In millionsl

Program or agency

Department of Defense — Military:

Military functions:

Present programs

Proposed legislation

Military assistance

Subtotal

Atomic energy

Defense-related activities: Stockpiling of strategic and critical materials.

Expansion of defense production

Selective Service System

Other

TotaL

Expenditures

1961 actual

$43,227

1.449

44,676 2,713

35

-12

33

50

47,494

1962 esti- mate

$46,850

,400

48.250 2,830

36 35 36 25

51,212

1963 esti- mate

$48,129

171

1,400

49.700 2.880

40

52.690

Recom- mended new obli- gational authority for 1963

$49,920

220 1.500

51.640 2.987

38

38 41

54.744

1 Compares with new obligational authority of $45,994 million enacted for 1961 and $52,644 mil- lion (including $453 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.

Because of the nncertainties inherent in the Berlin crisis, it has been assumed, for purposes of preparing the fiscal year 1963 defense budget, that the special measures associated with that crisis will terminate at the beginning of that fiscal year. Accordingly, the military personnel strengths and force structures shown for the end of fiscal year 1962 in the table on page 62 do not necessarily mesh with those planned for the beginning of fiscal year 1963. Either the 1962 or the 1963 strengths and forces will have to be adjusted, depending on the course of future events.

The following table sets forth the major military programs for fiscal years 1962 and 1963 in terms of obligational availability planned, including recommended new obligational authority plus certain prior year funds. The amount shown for each program represents the total funds necessary to finance the various elements of the pro- gram in 1962 and 1963, including military personnel, operation and maintenance, procurement, research and development, and military construction.

58

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

SUMMARY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PROGRAM

(Fiscal years. In billionsl

Major military programs

Strategic retaliatory forces

Continental air and missile defense forces

General purpose forces

Sealif t and airlift

Reserve Forces

Research and development (not included elsewhere)

General support

Civil defense

Proposed legislation:

Basic allowance for quarters and other

Military assistance

Total obligational availability planned. Of which:

New obligational authority

Prior year funds

Obligational avail- ability planned

1962 ■ estimate

$9.5 2.2

18.2 1.1 1.8 4.7

12.1 .3

1.6

51.5

49.9 1.6

1963 estimate

$9.4 2.1

18.4 1.3 1.9 5.7

12.8 .7

.2 1.5

53.9

51.6 2.3

Strategic retaliatory forces. — This major program includes. manned bombers (B-52''s, B-58's, and B-47's), their tankers, and their air- lamiched missiles, Hound Dog and Skybolt; intercontinental ballistic missiles — Atlas, Titan, and Minuteman ; Polaris submarines and their complement of missiles; and communications systems for command and control. The total obligational availability to be used for these forces in 1963 is estimated at $9.4 billion, compared with $9.5 billion provided in the 1962 budget as amended, and $7.5 billion in the original 1962 budget of the previous administration.

These funds will support an operational force of about 1,200 bomb- ers at the end of 1963, about half of which will be maintained on a 1 5-minute ground alert. The budget provides for continuing the capa- bility for maintaining one-eighth of the heavy bomber fleet on con- tinuous airborne alert. Most of the B-52's will be equipped with the Hound Dog air-to-surface missile and the entire bomber force will be supported by a fleet of jet-powered refueling tankers.

Provision is made in the budget for the continued development and testing, and the initial procurement, of the new Skybolt. This air- launched ballistic missile has approximately double the range and many times the speed of the Hound Dog, and four can be carried by a single B-52 bomber compared with two of the Hound Dog.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 59

The planned 18 squadron force of Atlas ICBM's sliould be com- pleted and in place by the end of 1963 together with the greater part of the planned 12 Titan ICBM squadrons. The fii-st Minuteman solid-fuel ballistic missiles are also expected to be operational by that time. Funds are requested for the procurement of another substan- tial increment of Minuteman missiles and for construction of hard- ened and dispersed launching sites. By the time these additional missiles are operational, tlie Minuteman force will be several times the presently planned Atlas-Titan liquid-fueled missile force.

Six Polaris submarines carrying 96 missiles are now in commission. Funds are already available to increase this number to 12 submarines and to have 17 more under construction by the end of fiscal 1963. This budget provides for 6 more Polaris submarines and their com- plements of missiles to be started during 1963 and for the advance procurement of long lead-time components permitting 6 more to be started in 1964, raising the total number of Polaris submarines to 41. In addition, funds are included for the initial procurement of longer range missiles which will greatly increase the flexibility and eifective- ness of the Polaris force.

Continental air and missile defense forces. — This major program includes the many elements of our warning and defense system against airborne attack. Total obligational availability to be applied to these forces and programs in 1963 is estimated at $2.1 billion, $0.1 billion less than in the 1962 budget as amended.

Defense against bomber attack will continue to be based on a combi- nation of manned interceptors and surface-to-air missiles, with warn- ing provided by the radar networks. The major effort is now directed to improving the ability of the anti-aircraft defense system to survive and function after an ICBM attack, since a manned bomber attack on the United States might well coincide with or follow an ICBM attack. Funds are provided in this budget for an emergency manual backup for the Semi- Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) system, fall- out protection for ground pei-sonnel, and facilities to permit a further dispersal of the manned interceptor force. The Nike-Hercules system will be made more effective by the completion of the radar improve- ment program and the procurement of additional missiles.

The effectiveness of our continental air-defense forces is increasing in relation to the size of bomber attack now considered possible. This will permit a reduction in the numbers of air-defense anti- aircraft battalions and air-defense combat wings.

For continental defense against ICBM attack, the budget provides for completing and operating the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS). Two of the three radar warning stations mak-

60 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

ing up this system ai'o already in operation; the third is under con- struction and will be operational next year. The BMEWS is capable of giving our defensive and offensive forces up to 15 minutes warning of an ICBM attack. As part of the research and develop- ment program, work will continue on the development of a satellite ICBM warning system, whicli would extend the period and improve the reliability of our warning, and on the Nike-Zeus anti-missile system on a top-priority basis.

General purj)ose forces. — This program includes the bulk of our Armed Forces, which are available either for use in the event of general war or for rapid deployment to any point in the globe in tlie event of a more limited military conflict. More specifically, this program covers about two-thirds of the active Army forces, the tactical air units of the Air Force, and virtually all of the active Navy and Marine Corps combat forces with the exception of the Polaris and Regulus submarine systems. The reserve forces asso- ciated with this mission are included with other reserve components in a separate progi^am.

The total obligational availability planned for the general purpose forces in 1963 is estimated at $18.4 billion compared with $18.2 billion in the amended 1962 budget and $14.7 billion in the original 1962 budget of the preceding administration.

To insure that these forces have the firepower, mobility, and versa- tility needed to meet the broadest range of military contingencies, the budget provides for a significant increase in the procurement of modern weapons and supporting equipment. Moreover, in order that these forces may be deployed immediately to any part of the world and be able to fight for protracted periods, inventories of basic equipment and supplies will be built up and placed at forward locations.

For example, under the 1963 budget, the Army will procure another large increment of the 7.62 mm. family of small arms; increased quan- tities of heavy machineguns ; more self-propelled artillery and main battle tanks; and conventional and atomic munitions. In addition, the Army will purchase nearly 40,000 tactical trucks, a large variety of support vehicles, and about 600 aircraft, including the Caribou transports and several types of helicopters. Army missile procure- ment will include the Hercules, Hawk, and Red Eye air defense missiles; the Honest John, Little John, Sergeant, and Pershing tacti- cal missiles; and anti-tank missiles.

For the Navy, the 1963 shipbuilding program for the general pur- pose forces involves construction of 29 new ships and major conver- sions of 33 ships. The proposed new ships include a conventionally powered carrier, a nuclear-powered guided missile frigate, 8 nuclear- powered attack submarines, 5 amphibious ships, and 8 escort vessels.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 61

The conversion program includes modernization of 24 destroyers. The Navy will also procure about 900 aircraft, mostly combat tyi)cs, in- cluding aircraft for attack, reconnaissance, and anti-submarine war- fare. Missile procurement will include the Sidewinder and Sparrow air-to-air missiles; the Terrier, Tartar, and Talos surface-to-air mis- siles ; the Bullpup and Shrike air-to-surface missiles ; and the Subroc submarine-launched anti-submarine missile. Large quantities of rockets, bombs, modern torpedoes, mines, and other conventional ordnance will also be ordered. A wide variety of w^eapons and sup- porting equipment will also be procured for the Marine Corps.

For the Air Force, there will be a substantial increase in the rate of modernization of tactical fighter forces, through continued procure- ment of the all-weather F-105 aircraft in 1963 and initial procurement in 1962 and 1963 of the versatile F4H fighter. Development work begun in 1962 on a more advanced, long-range, tactical fighter air- craft for use by both the Air Force and Navy will be substantially expanded in 1963. Both the 1963 budget and amended 1962 budget call for a sizable increase in production of new and more effective types of non-nuclear ordnance and for modification of tactical aircraft to enable delivery of heavier loads of such ordnance.

SeaJift and airlift. — The forces in this program include the Mili- tary Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), the Military Air Transport Service (MATS), and the troop carrier squadrons of the Air Force. The total obligational availability planned for these forces in 1963 is $1.3 billion, compared with $1.1 billion in the amended 1962 budget.

The budget will support in 1963 a force of 56 Air Force and Navy troop carrier and air transport squadrons. The Reserve components of the Air Force will maintain an additional 65 squadrons, for which funds are included in the progi'am for the Reserve forces.

Last year a major start was made on the modernization and expan- sion of the airlift forces, and the 1963 budget w^ill augment further our air transport capacity. Additional quantities of C-130E aircraft will be ordered, and procurement of the new C-141 jet ti'ansport will begin. These modem jet transports will adequately meet the needs of the Department of Defense even (hough fewer squadrons are planned than in 1962. Certain squadrons of the older OllS's and C-124's that had been scheduled to be i)hased out will be retained for a longer period. It is also planned to retain in active units a portion of the aircraft now assigned to the reserve units on active duty, when these units revert to reserve status.

The Military Sea Transportation Service provides specialized troop transports, cargo ships, and tankers required to support the deployment of military forces but which are not available in the civilian maritime fleet. Our sealift capabilities will be increased by

62

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

the procurement in 1963 of a modern cargo ship permitting more rapid loading and unloading of vehicles and tanks.

Personnel strength and force structure. — The estimated Active Forces at the end of fiscal year 1963 compared with the 2 preceding years are shown in the following table :

SUMMARY OF COMPOSITION OF MAJOR ACTIVE ARMED FORCES

Description

Military personnel (in thousands) :

Army

Navy

Marine Corps

Air Force

Total, Department of Defense.

Military forces: Army:

Divisions

Armored cavalry regiments and combat commands- Brigades

Battle groups (infantry)

Missile commands

Air defense anti-aircraft battalions

Surface-to-surface missile battalions

Helicopter aircraft inventory — active

Fixed-wing aircraft inventory — active

Navy:

Commissioned ships in fleet

Warships

Other

Attack carrier air groups

Carrier anti-submarine air groups

Patrol and warning squadrons

Marine divisions

Marine air wings

Aircraft inventory — active

Air Force:

USAF combat wings

Strategic wings

Air defense wings

Tactical wings

USAF combat support flying forces

Air refueling squadrons

MATS air transport squadrons

Other specialized squadrons

Aircraft inventory — active

Actual

June 30, 1961

858 627 177 820

2,482

14

7

2

8

4

77

24

2,721

2,843

(819)

375

444

17

11

38

3

3

8,793

(88) 37 19 32 (119) 65 21 33 16,905

Estimate

June 30, 1962

1,081

666 190

2,825

16 6 1 9 3

65

30

2,785

2.818

(898)

395

503

18

12

53

3

3

9.297

(98) 37 18 43 (132) 67 30 35 16,244

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

63

Reserve forces. — The Reserve components of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force are considered togetlier in this program. The military missions of the various components, however, are closely related to those of the Active Forces included in the continental air and missile defense forces, general purpose forces, and airlift and sealift. The total obligational availability planned for these forces in 1963 is $1.9 billion. Training of the Reserve components will con- tinue to be designed to provide organized units and individual rein- forcements prepared to meet the mobilization needs for which they have been established.

The strengths of the Reserve components now planned to be in a paid drill status as of the end of 1963, compared with the 2 preceding 3'ears, are as follows :

Component

Army Reserve forces. . .

Navy Reserve

Marine Corps Reserve. . Air Force Reserve forces

Total

Actual

June 30. 1961

695,603 129.948 43.829 135.380

.004.760

Estimated

June 30, 1962

6^1.800

122,294 45,500 110.950

900,544

June 30. 1963

670,000

125,000 45,500 133,000

973.500

The lower strengths shown for June 30, 1962 in comparison with the strengths shown for June 30, 1961 are due to the temporary mobilization and assignment to the active forces of some reserves in October 1961.

Research mid development. — This program contains all of the re- search, development, test, and evaluation activities not included in other major programs, such as basic and applied research, advanced technology, exploratory development, testing at the national mis- sile ranges, and similar and supporting activities. The total obliga- tional availability to be applied to these purposes in 1963 is $5.7 billion, compared to $4.7 billion in the 1962 budget as amended.

The Army's research program includes funds for a wide range of battlefield sum^eillance and communications equipment, and ad- vanced conventional weapons, ammunition items, and aircraft. De- velopment will continue on the Mauler (a mobile anti-missile and anti-aircraft defense system), the Nike-Zeus anti-missile missile, and the communications satellite program.

64 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

The Navy's research program will include such projects as the high capacity Typhon missile system, a new deep-diving high-speed tor- pedo and other anti-submarine warfare projects, more efficient nuclear powerplants, oceanographic research, and a navigational satellite system.

Air Force research includes the initiation of development of a mobile mid-range ballistic missile and a new general purpose booster vehicle for the national space program. Development will be con- tinued on the B-70 prototype aircraft, major space systems, and other programs

General .support. — This program covers the support activities of each service and various agencies which serve the entire Department of Defense, such as the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Defense Communications Agency, Defense Supply Agency, and the Defense Atomic Support Agency.

These activities include not only the direct support provided for the Armed Forces and the installations at wliich they are located, but also the gamut of support sei-vices customarily provided for the well-being of military personnel and their dependents, such as housing, medical care, community services, and welfare and recreation.

The total obligational availability planned for this program in 1963 is $12.8 billion, compared to $12.1 billion in 1962. The increase over 1962 is mainly for communications and intelligence and for re- tired pay.

Civil defenfte. — New obligational authority of $695 million is recom- mended for 1968 for a furtlier major expansion of the civil defense program recently transferred to the Department of Defense. This is $440 million more than provided for 1962.

The present program includes the identification and marking of an estimated 50 million shelter spaces in existing buildings as well as a good start on stocking them with necessary supplies and equipment. The amount recommended for 1963 includes $460 million under legislation being prepared for Federal incentive grants for shelter construction in selected community buildings, such as schools and liospitals. The surveying and marking of existing struc- tures M'ill continue. It is also planned to stock and equip all shelter spaces open to the public in an emergency Avith a capacity of 50 or more persons, including those identified in the surveys as well as the shelters resulting from the new grant program.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 65

Other existing civil defense activities in the Defense Department budget are expected to be accelerated in 1963; these include warn- ing and alerting programs, radiological monitoring and instru- mentation, contributions to State and local governments for civil defense personnel and adniinistrative costs, provision of fallout shel- ters in existing Federal buildings, and education and information.

Proposed legislation. — Funds are provided under proposed legisla- tion to increase the basic allowance for quarters and the travel per diem allowances for military personnel.

Legislation will also be proposed to establish a "Military Family Housing Fund'' which would facilitate the financing of new con- struction and the management and financial control of all military family housing.

Military assistance.— Onv military planning has long recognized the importance of allied forces in maintaining the security of the Free World. Military assistance helps to strengthen the forces of more than 40 nations. New obligational authority of $1.5 billion is recommended for military assistance for 1963 to provide training and materiel for essential maintenance and selective modernization of forces in the countries receiving aid.

This budget emphasizes the continuing need to develop and main- tain effective forces in nations which are faced with serious threats of internal subversion or external aggression. Individually and within mutual defense organizations, such as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Southeast Asia Treaty Organiza- tion (SEATO), and the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), these forces play vital roles in the defense of vast areas.

In developing nations where the situation warrants, emphasis in providing assistance will be placed on the smaller, mobile forces trained and equipped to maintain internal security and on units trained and equipped to make a constructive contribution to local development. Most of the Western European NATO countries liave now assumed full financial responsibility for equipping their own military forces. Others will do so upon completion of our current commitments to provide certain critical items of materiel.

Atomic energy acfiV/fies. ^Expenditures by the Atomic Energy Commission in 1963 are estimated to be $2,880 million, up somewhat from 1962. Substantial increases in several program areas will be

610000 O— 62-

66 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

partially offset by reductions elsewhere, principally in the procurement of uranium concentrates.

Nuclear iveapons and related activities. — Expenditures for the pro- duction of nuclear Aveapons will rise in 1963, and design and develop- ment work will be further intensified to assure the availability of improved types of nuclear weapons.

A continued hio;h level of effort will be devoted to the development and improvement of nuclear powerplants for submarines and surface naval ships in order to improve further their operating characteristics and efficiency.

Peaceful uses of atomic energy.- — It is expected that atomic energy will make substantial and unique contributions to the conquest of outer space. In 1963 efforts will be intensified on the development of nuclear propulsion for rockets (Project Rover) and of highly com- pact atomic reactors and radioisotope sources to generate electric power for auxiliaiy use in satellites, space vehicles, and other special- ized remote installations (Project SNAP — systems for nuclear auxil- iary power).

The development of civilian atomic power will be carried forward in 1963 at about the levels attained in 1962. Atomic fuels offer a valuable supplement to conventional fuels in the short term and an essential replacement for them in the much longer term. Numerous large power reactors have been and are being constructed, from which valuable technical information will be obtained. Expendi- tures for the development of civilian atomic power and directly related supporting technology will considerably exceed $200 million in 1963.

Underlying all of the technical development work in the atomic energy program is the fundamentally important work in basic re- search in the physical and life sciences. The physical research pro- gram will expand in 1963 with significantly increased expenditures in high energy physics, low energy physics, chemistry, and metallurgy. Research activities in the life sciences will also be increased, not only in order to expand basic understanding of the effects of radiation upon life processes, but also, in conjunction w4th related programs of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, to equip the Nation better to cope with growing problems in the area of radiological en- vironmental health.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 67

Defense-related activities. — These activities iiu-lihle the Selec- tive Service System, stockpiIin<r of stniteoic and critical materials, expansion of defense production, and eniero:encv preparedness ])ro- <jrams of a<>;encies other than the Department of Defense. P]xpendi- tiu-es for these pro^jrams are estimated to be $110 million, or a net decrease of %-l'2 million from li)()2. A reduction in expenditures for defense production expansion is somewhat offset by an increase for emergency medical stockpiling by the Department of Health, Edu- cation, and "Welfare.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND FINANCE

Expenditures for international affairs and finance programs in 1963 are expected to be $100 million more than in 1962. Major increases for development assistance, largely for long-term loans, are offset in part by a decline in other forms of assistance and by decreases in the net expenditures of the Export-Import Bank and the Department of State.

Xew obligational authority recommended for international pro- grams for 1963 is estimated to be $1 billion less than in 1962. This decrease reflects the nonrecurring request in 1962 for authority to provide $2 billion in supplementary resources to the International Monetary Fund on a loan basis if the need should arise. Yor regular activities, an increase over 1962 is recommended, mainly for develop- ment loans and the Alliance for Progress.

Economic and financial assistance. — Expenditures for eco- nomic and financial assistance in 1963 are estimated to be $202 million greater than in 1962. During the past year there has been a funda- mental review and reorientation of our programs of economic assist- ance. As a result, greater recognition will be given to long-range plans and programs which identify in each developing country the sectors most in need of external support. Much greater emphasis will also be given to the efforts of these countries to marshal their own resources through self-help measures such as land and tax reform.

To give emphasis to this change in direction, the administrative structure of the foreign assistance program has been reorganized. The new Agency for International Development (AID) combines under a single administrator the functions previously performed by the International Cooperation Administration and the Development

68

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND FINANCE

[Fiscal years. In millions]

Program or agency

Budget expenditures

1961 1962 1963

actual estimate estimate

Recom- mended

new obli- gational

authority for 1963

Economic and financial assistance: Foreign assistance — economic:

Development loans

Development grants

Aid to the Alliance for Progress

Supporting assistance

Voluntary contributions to international organizations- Contingencies

Other

Inter-American Development Bank

International Development Association

Peace Corps

Export-Import Bank of Washington

Food for Peace (Public Law 480. title II)

Other:

Present programs

Proposed legislation:

Refugee, migrant, and escapee programs

Inter-American Highway

$258 169

1.013

76

210

78

74

37 199

Subtotal

Foreign information and exchange activities:

United States Information Agency

Department of State

Conduct of foreign affairs: Department of State:

Present programs

Proposed legislation for purchase of U.N. bonds

U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

Tariff Commission and other:

Present programs

Proposed legislation for Philippine claims (Foreign Claims Settlement Commission)

2.126

121 37

213

Total.

2.500

$450 204

85 740 140 250

66 110

62

10

-101

281

$650

285

225

560

145

295

75

60

62

52

-225

300

2,308

147 50

285

100

2

2.510

159 63

245

2.896

2.996

$1,250

332

600

500

149

400

166

60

62

64

300

2

12 18

3.914

158 65

252 6

4 73

14.473

1 Compares with new obligational authority of $3,256 million enacted for 1961 and $5,514 million (including $2,192 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.

Loan Fund, related staff and program services formerly carried out by the Department of State, and the local currency lending activities previously conducted by the Export-Import Bank.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 69

111 order to obtain niaxinium ert'ectiveness from all of the ditfereiit aid efforts of the United States, the Administrator of AID has been g^iven responsibility for coordinating military assistance with economic assistance, and for relatino- these programs to others, such as Food for Peace, Export-Import Bank development loans, and certain overseas activities of other Federal agencies.

Development loan.<< and grants. — The United States is providing assistance to developing countries largely in the fonii of long-term loans repayable in dollars at very low rates of interest. Expenditures for such loans are estimated to increase by $200 million in 1968, mainly under prior commitments. In addition, $122 million will be con- tributed to the capital of the International Development Association and the Inter-American Development Bank to be used for develop- ment loans.

Tlie Export-Import Bank will also continue to make a high level of development loan commitments. However, the Bank expects that a substantial share of these loans will be financed with private funds under the Bank's guarantee, with collections on previous loans ex- ceeding new disbursements by $225 million. A new short-term guar- antee program by the Bank, which will provide both credit and political risk coverage on exports, will assist exporters to increase sales, and thus help our balance of payments.

Development grants are being used in growing volume, mainly to promote progress in education, technical skills, and other human needs without which people of a developing country cannot put capital to effectiA^e use. Grants are also used for essential roads, harbors, and similar development projects where there is no current prospect of ability to repay loans. Expenditures for development grants are ex- pected to rise by $81 million in 1963, largely for Africa.

The Alliance for Progress, a major new cooperative effort to speed social and economic development in Latin America, was formally initiated last summer at Punta del Este, Uruguay. A $3 billion au- thorization is proposed to cover development loans and grants in support of the Alliance within the next 4 years, with an initial appro- priation of $600 million recommended for 1963. The rate at which assistance is extended to Latin America will of course depend upon the progi-ess made in self-help and economic planning. As an in- valuable aid to orderly planning, authority should be granted to make long-term commitments of funds authorized for the Alliance, corresponding to the authority provided for development lending in the last session of the Congress.

70 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Other programs of assistance. — Supportiiio- assistance is orranted to countries Avliich need help to support extraordinary defense forces, maintain economic and political stability, and preserve economic in- dependence; such aid is also granted in connection with U.S. bases overseas. With increasing- emphasis being placed on development assistance, supporting assistance is declining. Expenditures for this type of assistance are expected to decrease by $180 million in 1963 and to be reduced further in future years.

This budget also provides for our voluntary contributions for multi- lateral programs such as the United Nations special fund and tech- nical assistance program, United Nations economic operations in the Congo, and the Indus Valley development program administered by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.

Established in March 1961, the Peace Corps brings to developing countries young Americans with needed skills. The service of these volunteers helps meet the needs of the developing areas of the world and also increases understanding between our people and the peoples of these areas. An increase is expected in the number of volunteers from 2,-300 in 1962 to 6,700 in 1963.

Grants of surplus agricultural commodities under the Food for Peace program are being increasingly utilized in programs of eco- nomic development as we^l as for disaster relief. Under this pro- gram, many school children around the world are receiving bread and milk, and thousands of persons at work on development projects have more adequate diets.

The budget includes expenditures of $12 million by the Department of State in 1963 under proposed legislation now pending before the Congress for refugee assistance programs.

Foreign information and exchange activities. — The activities of the Ignited States Information Agency will continue to expand, especially in rural sectors and provincial centers in Latin America and Africa. Plans for 1963 call for 11 neAv branch posts to begin operation in Africa and 10 new branch posts, 9 reading rooms, 10 model community centers, and 10 binational student centers in Latin America.

New broadcasting facilities for the Voice of America, which are uoav under construction in North Carolina, on the Island of Rhodes, and in Liberia, are expected to be in operation in 1963. The budget also provides for modernization and expansion of certain domestic radio transmitting facilities. Explorations are underway relating to the possibility of strengthening broadcasting facilities in the Far East.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 71

Enactment of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act in the last session ol" tiie Congress will enable the State Department to conduct excliange of persons programs without depending upon the existence of foreign currency reserves in the Treasury. The Depart- ment is therefore better able to meet program needs, especially in Africa and Latin America. Aid will be given to American-sponsored schools abroad to meet the educational requirements of American dependents as well as to demonstrate our educational techniques.

Conduct of foreign a//a/rs. — Plxpenditures of the Department of State in 11)()2 include large assessed contributions to the United Nations military operation in the Congo. In addition, legislation is proposed to authorize the United States to purchase in 106*2 up to $100 million of the Ignited Nations bonds which will be issued to meet the financial emergency facing the Ignited Nations. Amounts are in- cluded in the 1963 budget to strengthen the Foreign Service, particu- larly for acquiring necessary office and housing facilities in Africa.

The newly established U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency will increase its own staff and its contract research program to dis- charge its assigned tasks, including technical research and the formu- lation and re])resentation of Ignited States ])olicy positions on arms control and disarmament at international meetings.

SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY

A major expansion of the space programs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration has been undertaken as a result of last year's decision to embark on a program to master space traA'el ; symbolic of this mastery is the effort to achieve a safe manned lunar landing and return before the end of the decade. The pro- grams being carried forward include: (1) the development of the techniques of manned flight and of the complex spacecraft and very large launch vehicles and ground facilities that manned lunar flight will require; (2) the exploration of space by means of unmanned earth satellites and lunar and planetary probes; (3) the development of meteorological and communications satellites; and (4) a wide range of basic research and technological development necessary to support both aeronautical and space efforts.

Expenditures for the National Aeronautics and Space Administra- tion's ])rograms are estimated at $2.4 billion during 1963, whieli is $1.1 billion more than in 1962 and over 3 times the amount spent in 1961. Appropriations of $3.8 billion in 1963 are recommended in this budget, compared with $1.8 billion estimated for 1962.

72

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY

[Fiscal years. In millions]

Program

Manned space flight

Unmanned investigations in space

Meteorology and communications

Other research, technology, and supporting operations

Total

Budget expenditures

1961 actual

$237

216

16

275

744

1962 estimate

$471

333

82

414

1,300

1963 estimate

$1,162 495 138 605

2,400

Recom- mended new obli- gational authority for 1963

$2,260

556 140 831

13.787

> Compares (With new obligational authority of $964 million enacted for 1961 and $1,828 million (including $156 million of anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.

Manned space -flight. — Funds are recommended in this budget to provide for manned flights of long duration during 1963 and for a new series of flights commencing in 1964 to develop a capability for manned spacecraft to rendezvous with other spacecraft in orbit. Funds are also included to continue the development of the three-man Apollo lunar-landing spacecraft initiated during the current year.

The program to develop large launch vehicles for manned lunar flight has been highlighted by the successful flight of the first stage of the Saturn vehicle and the initiation of the much larger Advanced Saturn program. The Advanced Saturn, with clustered engines in the first stage generating a total of about 7 million pounds of thrust, is designed to enable manned flight around the moon by direct ascent or manned landing on the moon and return in the Apollo spacecraft by means of a single rendezvous in earth orbit.

The huge Nova launch vehicle, capable of boosting the Apollo manned spacecraft to the moon by direct ascent, is being developed as an alternative approach. It is now expected that the first attempts at manned lunar flight will be made with liquid fuel rocket engines; development of large solid fuel rocket motors, however, is being con- tinued by the Department of Defense for possible later use.

Unmanned investigations in space. — Unmanned space explorations, from which we have learned so much about the earth and surround- ing space, will be continued with funds included in this budget. Ex- plorations near the earth will be conducted primarily by means of large versatile satellites capable of extended observation of the earth, sun, and stars, from which more information can be obtained with fewer launchings. Unmanned lunar exploration will be conducted with the Ranger spacecraft which will be able to land an instrumented capsule on the moon, and development will continue on the more complex Sur-

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 73

veyor spacecraft, which will be capiiblo of either landing on or orbit- ing the moon. These explorations, in addition to having intrinsic scientific value, are required in preparation for manned lunar landing. A Mariner spacecraft designed to send scientific data back to earth from the vicinity of the planet Venus will be launched this calendar year. Development of an advanced Mariner spacecraft is being ac- celerated to provide for further investigations of both Mars and Venus.

Meteorology and communwations. — The meteorological satellite program has consistently been one of the most successful of our space flight efforts. The Tiros III satellite transmitted useful meteorologi- cal information, including hurricane warnings, for over four months, and its predecessor. Tiros II, had a useful life of more than a year. It is planned to continue use of the Tiros series of satellites until the potentially more effective Nimbus satellites now being developed take over the weather observation role. These and related efforts are con- tributing toward the establishment of a national system of operational meteorological satellites.

Progress is being made toward early realization of a satellite net- work for worldwide communications. Funds available in 1962 and recommended for 1963 will provide for low-altitude Relay satellites which will receive and retransmit communications, for initiating more advanced active communications satellites, and for completing the Syncom program of veiy high altitude communications satellites initiated in 1961 in cooperation with the Army.

Further experiments with advanced versions of the Echo satellite, which reflects communication transmissions, will also be conducted in 1962 and 1963, including development of the capability to launch several communications satellites with a single vehicle.

Other research, technology^ and supporting operations. — Research and development in aeronautical and space technology and the necessary supporting operations will also increase in 1963. Of spe- cial importance, the Rover nuclear rocket program continues at an accelerated pace as a joint project of the Atomic Energy Commission and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Develop- ment of a flight test vehicle using the nuclear engine is being initiated.

AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

The great strides made by the United States in recent years in farm productive efficiency have contributed greatly to the Nation's capacity for economic growth. The productive capacity of American agri- culture must be used effectively to sustain our levels of living, to

74

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

further the Nation's goals for economic growth, and to help meet international responsibilities. The rapid increase in agricultural production, however, has resulted in large budgetary outlays for cer- tain agricultural programs. In the preparation of the 1963 budget each individual program has been examined carefully from the view- points of priority and provision for necessary services at the lowest, possible cost to the taxpayer.

AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES

[Fiscal years. In millions]

Program or agency

Farm income stabilization and Food for Peace: Price support, supply, and purchase programs:

Present programs

Proposed legislation

National Wool Act

Food for Peace (Public Law 480, titles I and IV)

International Wheat Agreement

Transfer of bartered commodities to supplemental stock- pile

Removal of surplus agricultural commodities

Conservation reserve

Sugar Act

Other

Subtotal

Financing rural electrification and rural telephones:

Present programs

Proposed legislation

Financing farm ownership and operation:

Farmers Home Administration

Farm Credit Administration..

Conservation of agricultural land and water resources: Soil Conservation Service (including watershed protec- tion and Great Plains program)

Agricultural conservation program, CCC loan for ACP,

and emergency conservation measures

Research and other agricultural services.

Total.

Budget expenditures

1961 actual

$1,331

61

1.455

76

201

203

363

72

39

3.801 301

353 -3

146

251

324

5.173

1962 estimate

$2,497

67

.489

81

225

225

346

82

69

5.081 330

158 -2

164

256 356

6.343

1963 estimate

$2,516 -434

70 1.389

81

250

235

323

87

68

4.585

370 -136

198

181

257 380

5.836

Recom- mended

new obli- gational

authority for 1963

$2,490

-423 65

1.171 81

250

274

323

80

70

4.381

490 -136

45 3

187

244 383

1 5.598

*Less than one-half million dollars.

1 Compares with new obligational authority of $4,895 million enacted for 1961 and $6,701 million (including $321 million of anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 75

Farm income stahUization and Food for Pea/'e. — About four-fifths of the budget expenditures for agriculture and agricultural resources are for ])rograms to maintain farm income, to help farmers make the production adjustments required by increased productive efficiency in agriculture, and to utilize our current abundant agricultural produc- tion in constructive ways at home and abroad including the Food for Peace program.

A comprehensive review of present programs has been made and legislation will be proposed in a special message on agriculture which will be sent to the Congress shortly. This budget reflects the new legislative proposals by reducing 1963 expenditures $434 million from the amount estimated under present legislation.

The Sugar Act expires on June 30, 1962. Legislation will be proposed extending it with substantial revisions to bring this pro- gram into line with the greatly changed world sugar situation. Under this legislation the difi'erence between the domestic and world price of sugar, which is currently received by foreign suppliers of sugar, will be retained by the United States to the extent permitted by exist- ing international agi'eements, with an estimated increase in 1963 budget receipts of $180 million.

Through the direct distribution program of the Department of Agriculture, needy families receive government-donated foods dis- tributed through State and local government facilities. This ad- ministration has extended the program to additional areas of economic need and has added new items, particularly peanut butter and canned meat. From December 1960 to November 1961, the number of persons in needy families receiving donated food rose from 3.7 million to 6.2 million and the retail value of the donated food rose from less than $3 to about $6 per person per month. The budget provides for continuing this program in 1963 as part of the national effort to assist those in need.

A new approach to helping needy families improve their diets and to expand outlets for our agricultural abundance has been explored this past year through pilot food stamp projects operated in eight economically depressed areas. The results during the 7 months that this program has been in operation ai'e encouraging. To provide additional experience, the programs in the eight pilot areas will be continued in 1963 and additional areas will be included.

Under title I of Public Law 480 (the Agricultural Trade Develop- ment and Assistance Act), surplus farm commodities are sold abroad for foreign currencies, and under title IV they are sold abroad on long-term dollar credit. These programs, which comprise the major

76 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

portion of our Food for Peace program, are designed to maximize the use of food abroad for economic development and to meet the most urgent dietary needs of hungry people, as well as to facilitate reduc- tion of our abundant stocks of agricultural commodities and to pro- mote new markets for our agricultural exports.

Financing rural electrification and rural telephones. — The 1963 estimate of expenditures — and of miscellaneous receipts — reflects legislation which will be proposed to authorize the use of collections on outstanding electrification and telephone loans to help finance new loans. Funds to be available from this source are estimated at $136 million in 1963. In prior years, such collections were paid into mis- cellaneous budget receipts. The budget recommendations for 1963 will provide funds for rural electrification loans of $345 million and telephone loans of $135 million.

As the demand for electric power in rural areas continues to expand, the rural electric cooperatives must have adequate supplies of power at reasonable prices to meet their needs. The 1963 recommendations include a substantial increase in Rural Electrification Administration loan funds to permit financing of additional generation and trans- mission facilities. The adequacy of the recommended funds will depend on the willingness of other power suppliers to meet the require- ments of the rural electric cooperatives on a reasonable basis.

Financing fatmi oionership and operation. — Budget expenditures for the loan programs of the Farmers Home Administration are estimated to drop sharply in 1962 and 1963 from the 1961 level, reflecting legis- lation approved last year authorizing the use of loan collections to finance the direct loan program (except for farm housing loans). Prior to 1962 such collections were paid into miscellaneous budget receipts.

Rural areas development program. — The number of commercial farms has declined 28% in the last 5 years and the number of farm- workers is currently declining at a rate of about 3% a year. The farm output adjustment programs to be recommended in the special message on agriculture will make it necessary to increase our efforts to find suitable employment for excess rural manpower. Wliile adequate growth in the national economy is the key element in bring- ing about a solution, it is unlikely that this factor alone will be equal to the task of coping with the problem of underemployment in rural areas in the years ahead. The rural areas development program, which complements the activities of the Area Redevelopment Admin- istration of the Department of Commerce, is designed to speed up economic development in rural areas by stimulating and coordinating

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 77

the efforts of the Department of Agriculture and other Federal agen- cies in cooperation witli State and local governments and private agencies in furthering this objective. The manpower aspects of the program will be coordinated with the proposed general manpower development and training program of the Department of Labor.

Conservation of agricultural larid and water resources. — Small water control structures along with terracing, strip cropping, grass waterways and other erosion control measures are integral parts of the Nation's soil and water conservation effort and complement the larger reservoirs downstream. The estimates for the watershed pro- tection program of the Soil Conservation Service include an increase over 1962 of $6 million for the growing number of projects — 474 under construction or undergoing detailed planning during 1963, compared with 379 in 1962.

Estimated expenditures in 1963 under the agricultural conservation program reflect the $250 million 1962 program authorized in advance by the Congress in the 1962 appropriation act. This budget proposes an advance authorization for the 1963 program year of $150 million — which will permit continuation of a substantial sharing by the Gov- ernment with farmers of the cost of those conservation practices that are in the long-time public interest.

Research and other agricultural sei'vices, — This budget proposes 1963 expenditures of $380 million which will provide for moderate expansion of the research, educational, and regulatory activities and related services of the Department of Agriculture. These activities contribute to the welfare of the public generally as well as to the welfare of the agricultural industry. In accordance with tlie provi- sions of Public Law 87-209, approved last year, the budget also in- cludes $3 million of new obligational authority for 1963 for the new nationwide program to eradicate hog cholera.

NATURAL RESOURCES

The 1963 budget recommendations provide for further strengthen- ing of natural resources programs, with estimated expenditures of $2.3 billion in 1963 representing a record level.

Land and water resources. — The major share of the $1.6 billion of estimated 1963 expenditures for land and water resources will provide assets yielding long-term benefits. Most of these expenditures will be for continuing construction on projects for flood control, naviga- tion, irrigation, water supply, hydroelectric power, and in some cases related recreational and fish and wildlife benefits. For the Corps of Engineers, the budget includes appropriations of $30 million for 36

78

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

new water resources projects with an estimated total Federal cost of $492 million, including the initial contribution for flood control costs of the multiple-purpose Oroville Dam under construction by the State of California on the Feather River. Appropriations of $4 million are also included for 5 new starts (including 2 small project loans) by the Bureau of Reclamation estimated to cost in total $85 million.

NATURAL RESOURCES

(Fiscal years. In millions]

Program or agency	Budget expenditur	:s	Recom- mended new obli-
	I96I actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	gational authority for 1963
Land and water resources: Corps of Engineers - . .	$926 266 43 61 41 3 39 8 7 69 246 16 35 27 91 73 55	$958 284 39 78 46 6 78 9 16	$1,010 320 44 105 48 9 63 11 19	$1,022 345
Department of the Interior: Bureau of Reclamation... _. . .. _. ._
Power marketing agencies _. . . . .	62
Bureau of Indian Affairs . . .	98
Bureau of Land Management .	53
Office of Saline Water . Tennessee Valley Authority ....	10 35
Federal Power Commission __.. ..	11
International Boundary and Water Commission and other- Forest resources: Forest Service: Payment to Klamath Indians ...	16
Other	279 15 38 30 97 81 63	281 16 42 50 110 100 68	236
Bureau of Land Management _. .	16
Mineral resources: Bureau of Land Management-- ------ ...	42
Bureau of Mines and other Recreational resources Fish and wildlife resources General resource surveys and administration .	58 94 103 72
Total	2.006	2.117	2.298	12.272

> Compares with new obligational authority of $2,038 million enacted for 1961 and $2,172 million (including $59 million of anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.

In line with the recommendations of the Senate Select Committee on National Water Resources, funds recommended for project investi- gations will give increased emphasis to coordinated planning based on entire river-basin areas. Funds are also included in the 1963 budget for administrative expenses of Federal participation in activities of the Delaware River Commission. Legislation has been recommended

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 79

to promote comprehensive, coordinated water resources planning by Federal and State agencies and to authorize Federal grants to strengthen State water resources planning.

The Department of the Interior is moving ahead rapidly on the expanded 6-year program of saline water research. Emphasis is be- ing placed on basic research looking toward new ways of reducing the cost of converting saline water to fresh water.

The Department of the Interior in 1963 will continue its studies of the benefits of interconnecting Federal regional power systems, and of the economic potential of marketing power from pumped storage — that is, power generated as needed by releasing water which has been pumped at off-peak periods and stored in small reservoirs at higher elevations. The budget provides funds for the design of an extra- high-voltage interconnection between the Pacific Northwest and Pacific Southwest, and for the initiation of construction on new power transmission lines by the Bonneville Power Administration and the Southwestern Power Administration. The Bureau of Recla- mation will continue construction on a backbone grid to distribute power from the Colorado River storage project.

The increase in power needs in the Tennessee Valley area will re- quire the Tennessee Valley Authority to begin construction in 1963 of a 900,000-kilowatt steam power unit. TVA will also start con- struction of a lock at Guntersville Dam and a multiple-pur|50se water control system in the Beech River area in cooperation with local Ten- nessee agencies, and continue other resource development activities.

Funds are proposed in the 1963 budget for the Federal Power Commission to initiate a coordinated national power survey to de- termine the most effective means, regardless of ownerehip, of supply- ing the country's electric power needs in future periods, and to con- tinue its concerted attack on the accumulated backlog of natural gas regulatory cases.

The Bureau of Indian Affairs in 1963 w411 emphasize a develop- ment program aimed at raising the level of educational achievement and the standard of living of Indians on reservations. The Indian school construction program, accelerated under the 1962 budget amendments, will be further expanded to reduce the large backlog of needed classrooms for children now out of school. To improve the standard of living on reservations, emphasis will be placed on the establishment of industries and other enterprises which will create new job opportunities.

Under the 1963 budget recommendations, cadastral surveys, soil and moisture conservation, and reseeding on the public domain lands will be accelerated by the Bureau of Land Management.

80 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Forest resources. — One of the most urgent needs in the national forests is for roads to provide access for fire protection, timber sales, and recreation. The budget provides for a proposed amendment to the 1960 Highway Act to increase by $10 million the contract authority for roads and trails.

The 1962 expenditures of the Forest Service include $38 million for forest fire fighting, the highest on record. Exclusive of fire- fighting costs, estimated expenditures in 1963 for the development program of the national forests will be higher than those in 1962, the main increases being for roads, recreational development, and insect control measures.

Recreational and fish and ivildUfe resources. — The Secretary of the Interior, in cooperation with other appropriate Federal, State, and local oiRcials, is formulating a comprehensive program which will per- mit the Federal Government to meet its share of the responsibility for providing outdoor recreational opportunities. These plans will take into account the findings of the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission which will be available shortly.

The increasing use of the national park areas makes increases in the budget of the National Park Service necessary for development and operation of these areas. Legislation has already been recom- mended to protect wilderness areas of great natural beauty and to preserve some of our remaining magnificent seashores and shorelines.

Funds are recommended for 1963 for the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries to develop and support oceanographic research and survey projects and to carry on marketing and other studies to aid the fishing industry. The Bureau of Sport Fislieries and Wildlife will accelerate the acquisition of wetlands for resting and nesting areas for migratory waterfowl.

Mineral resources and general resource surveys. — The major in- crease in 1963 expenditures for mineral resources will be for larger purchases of helium under the conservation program of the Bureau of Mines.

The 1963 budget for the Geological Survey provides for extension of research and data collection facilities to marine geology to provide additional information about the vast resources of the ocean. The agency's hydrologic research program is also being expanded.

Early action is recommended with respect to the authorization re- quest now pending in the Congress for the construction of a labora- tory and headquarters building to provide urgently needed facilities for the central operations of the Geological Survey.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

81

COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION

The 1963 bud^jet provides for increases in present major aids to transportation, improvements in the postal service, acceleration of the new ])ro<»7*am to redevelop the economies of distressed areas, and expanded scientific and other services to all types of businesses. How- ever, net budget expenditures for these programs are estimated to be reduced by $384 million from the anticipated 1962 level, reflecting primarily the proposed increase in postal rates.

COMMERCE AND TRANSPORTATION

[Fiscal years. In millions]

Program or agency	Budget expenditures	Recom- mended new obli-
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	gational authority for 1963
Aviation: Federal Aviation Agency Civil Aeronautics Board .... . ..	$638 78 282 276 8 2 36 49 865	$708 83 351 279 15 2 39 63 790	$781 85 359 292 10 * 44 248 550 58 -595 222 98 67 107	$791 86
Water transportation: Department of Commerce .	255
Coast Guard . ... . . ......	308
Panama Canal Company _. ...
Saint Lawrence Seaway
Highways (mainly on national forests and public lands).. Postal service: Existing law: Public service costs .. . .. .	41 248
Other	553
Proposed legislation: Pay revisions (including public service costs) .	60
Rate revisions			-595
Advancement of business: Small Business Administration .	103 56 22 90	250 73 33 96 15 * 44 76	306
Department of Commerce: Weather Bureau . . .. .. .	120
National Bureau of Standards .. . ... .	68
Other.	119
Interstate Commerce Commission: Payment on loan guarantee
Department of the Interior and other	*	-1 122 82
Area redevelopment .... . . ..	64
Regulation of business	67	83
Total... . .	2.573	2.915	2.531	12.507

* Less than one-half million dollars.

' Compares with new obligational authority of $2,937 million enacted for 1961 and $3, 1 29 million (including $81 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.

610000 0—62-

82 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Aviation. — The Federal Aviatipn Agency is responsible for de- velopment and operation of the Federal airways system. Expendi- tures for these purposes have been rising sharply in recent years and further increases will be necessary to keep pace with growing air traffic and to sustain high standards of air safety and efficiency. Based •on the findings of the recently completed study, I'roject Beacon, a de- tailed program for improving air traffic control and navigational aids is now being prepared. Research on the technical and economic feasibility of a commercial supersonic aircraft will be accelerated in 1963, with the aim of permitting a decision late in 1963 on whether Government support for the development of a supersonic transport would be in the national interest.

Expenditures by the Civil Aeronautics Board for operating sub- sidies, mainly to local service airlines, will continue to be substantial in 1963. V Last year, the Congress limited subsidies for helicopter operations, the most costly Federal aid per passenger-mile, and requested the Board to develop an orderly program to terminate subsidies for these operations.

Users of the airways are not yet paying an adequate share of the costs of research, development, and operation of the Federal airways from which they directly benefit. As initial steps toward this goal, the revenue measures described on pages 47 and 48 of this document are being proposed. As airline traffic and earnings improve, airline pas- sengers and shippers and other beneficiaries should be expected to pay their share of the heavy direct and indirect costs of providing these services, now borne largely by the general taxpayers.

Water transportation. — Expenditures of the Department of Com- merce to aid ocean shipping in 1963 will be $77 million over 1961 and $8 million above 1962 levels, primarily because of an accel- eration in payments of operating subsidies already earned by shipping companies. As a result, a reduction in operating subsidy expendi- tures should occur in later years, assuming reasonably stable costs and increased operating efficiency. At the same time, the ship constnic- tion program will continue to go forward in 1963 at a level which will permit regular replacement as the vessels in the subsidized fleet reach 25 to 30 years of age.

Coast Guard expenditures will increase by an estimated $13 million in 1963, primarily to provide expanded loran and other navigational aids and better maintenance of facilities, both ashore and afloat.

Users of the inland waterways now receive substantial benefits from Federal expenditures for constructing, maintaining, and operating these waterways. Jii line with the policy in other transportation pro- grams, revenue legishition similar to that for users of the airways is

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY /UNCTION 83

being proposed to recoup a small part of the current Federal outlays for these purposes.

Highways. — Federal highway aids are financed almost wholly through the highway trust fund. Expenditures from that trust fund in 1963 are expected to rise by $224 million to almost $3.4 billion. The largest part of these expenditures is for the Federal share in the coming year of the 15-year program already authorized to complete construction of the Interstate Highway System. About 12,300 miles of the Interstate System are now open to traffic and another 14,700 miles are in various stages of development.

The Highway Act of 1961 made commendable progress toward providing adequate revenues to continue Federal-aid highway pro- grams on a pay-as-you-build basis. Legislation is recommended this year to provide annual contract authorizations of $950 million for both 1964 and 1965 for the primary, secondary, and urban highway programs as well as $36 million a year for forest and public lands highways.

Postal service. — The expected increase in mail volume from 65 bil- lion pieces in 1961 to 90 billion pieces by 1970 makes increased effi- ciency imperative. Postal facilities are being modernized, with primary attention to large mail handling centers where opportunities for increased efficiency are greatest. New mechanical and electronic techniques for processing mail are already in use and others are in various stages of development. Funds are being requested to ac- celerate the development of new devices and to install advanced mail handling machinery in several large new post offices during 1963.

Expenditures required to provide needed postal services in 1963 will exceed anticipated revenues under existing law by an estimated $798 million. In addition, the proposed legislation to revise the pay systems for Federal employees includes increases in pay scales of postal employees effective January 1, 1963, totaling $58 million for the remainder of 1963. Appropriations of $248 million under existing legislation are recommende(;l to cover the total loss on public service items enumerated in the Postal Policy Act of 1958. In line with the congressional policy that the users of the postal service shall pay the full cost of all other services, legislation is again being recommended to increase postal rates enough to cover such costs. As a result, net expenditures in 1963 will be approximately equal to the public service costs.

Advancement of husiness. — During the past year the Small Business Administration has greatly expanded its financial aids to small busi- nesses unable to obtain private financing. The rate of new business

84 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

loan commitments has more than doubled, and an aggressive program of encouraging greater participation by private banks has been initi- ated, permitting more loans to small business with lower net expendi- tures in 1963. By the close of 1963 about 900 federally supervised small business investment companies, financed mainly from private sources, will be providing long-term loans or equity funds to small enterprises.

The export promotion programs of the Department of Commerce require considerable expansion as necessary steps in improving our international balance of payments. The appropriations being recom- mended for the Department in 1963 would provide for more com- mercial specialists in foreign countries to promote sales of American products, increased operations of the newly established U.S. Travel Service, financial support for 18 trade missions, and a new program for 13 commercial trade and industrial exhibits.

Completion of the 1960 census permits some reduction in the 1963 expenditures by the Bureau of the Census. Increased appropriations are requested, however, to modernize automatic computing equipment and methods of collection of data. The 1963 budget also provides for expanding and improving the quality of statistical data disseminated by other Government agencies, as summarized in special analysis I.

In addition to continued expansion in its regular weather measure- ment and forecasting services, the Weather Bureau during 1962 and 1963 plans to buy four Nimbus spacecraft, with the expectation that in 1964 they will begin providing daily cloud and radiation data over the entire globe. The 1963 appropriations requested for the National Bureau of Standards include funds to expand its research program and $35 million to complete construction of its new headquarters in Gaithersburg, Md. The budget for the Coast and Geodetic Survey would continue the enlargement and modernization of the ocean survey fleet required for the expanded national oceanographic program. Action is requested on legislation now before the Congress to authorize planning for Federal participation in the New York World's Fair of 1964.

Area redevelopment. — Under the leadership of the Department of Commerce, seven departments and agencies have launched the newly authorized Federal program to help redevelop areas suffering from chronic unemployment or underemployment. Federal assistance is contingent upon approval of a satisfactory plan for economic redevel- opment. Over 250 areas, with a total population of more than 18 million people, have received preliminary approval of such plans. Expenditures estimated for 1963 include $79 million in loans for in- dustrial projects and public facilities and $30 million in public facility grants.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

85

HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

The Housing Act of 1961 broadened and extended the major exist- ing Federal programs for housing and community development, added important new programs, and provided funds in some cases for several years to come. Net expenditures are estimated to rise by $287 million in 1963 primarily because of substantial increases in special assistance mortgage purchases and higher outlays for urban renewal and other community development activities.

Urban reneival capital grants. — The 1961 legislation doubled the authority provided in the preceding 12 years for Federal capital grants to help local communities remove and prevent urban blight. As a result, during 1962 and 1963 the Urban Renew\al Administration expects to authorize the planning of almost 500 new projects and to approve for actual execution completed plans for 280 projects. Wliile almost all of the expenditures for these projects will not occur until later years, capital grant disbursements for previously authorized projects will increase by an estimated $114 million in 1963.

HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

{Fiscal years. In millions]

Program or agency	Budget expenditures	Recom- mended new obli-
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	gational authority for 1963
Urban renewal and community facilities: Urban renewal capital grants	$142 10	$211 23 13	$325 39 33 15 42 28 193 111 184 20 17 -270 85 9
Public facility loans (excluding transportation loans) Urban mass transportation: Present programs . ..
Proposed legislation .		$100
Open space grants .		8 22 166 214 12 13 8 -239 90 4	50
Other	10 150 -7 75	33
Public housing programs .	200
Aids to private housing: Housing and Home Finance Agency: Federal Housing Administration	184
Federal National Mortgage Association
Housing for the elderly — direct loans	100
Other	-77 -35 50 1	17
Federal Home Loan Bank Board
Aids to National Capital Area: District of Columbia . .	63
Other	9
Total	320	545	832	1755

I Compares with new obligational authority of $4,082 million enacted for 1961 and $621 million (including $1 million of anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.

86 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Public facility loans. — Legislation enacted in 1961 authorized a fivefold increase in long-term Federal loans to help local communities finance water, sewer, and other needed public facilities, and also required these loans to be made at lower interest rates than in previous years. As a result, loan commitments, which mainly aid smaller communities, will increase to an estimated $100 million in 1963.

Urban mass transportation. — The Congress likewise recognized the need for Federal assistance for urban mass transportation by providing new authority for planning and demonstration grants and for emergency loans on a temporary and limited basis pending further studies by the Housing and Home Finance Agency and the Depart- ment of Commerce. These studies have now demonstrated the key importance of area-wide transportation planning and comprehensive development planning for metropolitan and other large urban areas. Other findings include (1) the need for experimentation in new and improved mass transit services, including stimulation of mass transit technology, and (2) the inadequacy of local and private resources to restore balance in urban transportation systems as long as Federal aid for urban transportation is exclusively for highway programs, particularly the Interstate System. This budget includes funds to support the legislative recommendations for further Federal assist- ance to urban mass transport which will later be transmitted to the Congress.

Open spo/ce grants. — ^In authorizing for the first time Federal grants to cover 20% to 30% of the cost of open space acquired in or near urban areas, the Congress recognized the importance of early acquisi- tion of permanent areas for recreational and other purposes in and near the rapidly expanding cities. The 1963 budget request of $50 million will enable an estimated $200 million of such land to be bought with combined Federal, State, and local resources.

Public housing programs. — Local housing agencies expect to com- plete 30,000 additional low-rent public housing units in time for occupancy during 1963, requiring an increase in Federal contributions under previous contracts. During the year an additional 34,000 units will be placed under construction, so that by the year's end almost 600,000 units will be either occupied or in process of construction. An increasing share of these units is being designed for use by elderly low- income families or individuals, and the 1961 legislation authorized limited additional Federal contributions where necessary to permit such occupancy.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 87

Federal Housing Administration. — The long-established compre- hensive mortgage insurance system administered by the Federal Housing Administration was further broadened in the 1961 legisla- tion, particularly to provide more liberal insurance for housing for middle- and lower-income families and for rehabilitation of existing housing. In 1963 commitments will be issued for insurance of mort- gages tinancing over 1,000,000 housing units and by the close of the year, outstanding mortgages totaling almost $44 billion will be covered by Federal insurance. This is a self-supporting program. Over the years income from premiums has been adequate not only to cover all expenses and losses, but also to accumulate large reserves. In 1962 and again next year, insurance claims arising from defaults are expected to require outlays substantially greater than current cash receipts. These costs will be largely recovered in later years when the properties and loans acquired are sold to other buyers.

Federal National Mortgage Association. — The new types of insured mortgages authorized by the 1961 legislation, especially those financ- ing moderate-income housing, are requiring veiy substantial increases in purchase commitments under the special assistance program of the Federal National Mortgage Association ; commitments for these and other mortgages are estimated at $1 billion in 1963. However, net expenditures will be much lower, primarily because most of the actual purchases will take place in later years. In addition to purchases of such special types of mortgages which are reflected in budget expendi- tures, the Association also conducts a secondary market operations trust fund which purchases and sells insured and guaranteed mortgages.

Housing for the elderly. — In the past year the direct loans author- ized in 1959 to provide long-term low-interest financing for housing for elderly families and persons have attracted widespread interest from nonprofit institutions and other eligible groups. In 1963 loans will be approved on an estimated 10,000 units. Additional appropria- tions of $100 million are requested in the budget together with legis- lation to remove the present $125 million limitation on such appro- priations.

Federal Home Loan Bank Board. — The largest single source of financing for private housing is the savings and loan associations. Most of their funds come from sa\dngs insured by the Federal Sav- ings and Loan Insurance Corporation, under the jurisdiction of the Federal Home Loan Bank Board. legislation enacted by the Con- gress last session requiring advance payments of insurance premiums is enabling the Corporation to build up its insurance reserves at a much more rapid rate than in earlier years.

88 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

District of Colmribia. — Federal budget expenditures include both regular annual payments to the District to help finance its operating requirements, and long-term loans for necessary capital improvements. Legislation is proposed to authorize increased appropriations for both types of Federal assistance in line with the expanding requirements of the District.

HEALTH, LABOR, AND WELFARE

The 1963 budget provides for substantial increases in a wide range of health, labor and manpower, and welfare programs which help meet human needs and also represent an investment in human re- sources. A principal objective on which greater emphasis is to be placed in 1963 is the reduction of poverty and delinquency through increased welfare and rehabilitation services.

Health services and research. — The Federal Government's role in improving the Nation's health is a large and growing one. For example, the Government in the current year is supporting about three-fifths of the more than $1 billion being spent for medical re- search in this country.

In 1963, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare will spend an estimated $1.4 billion for health services and research. More than half of this total is to be spent by the National Institutes of Health for medical research and related training and facilities. The 1963 budget for the Institutes recommends a significant increase for research project grants and for the support of clinical research centers, and pro^ddes for the training of additional technical man- power with increased emphasis on skills needed in mental health work. The estimated increase of more than $100 million in expenditures in 1963 will provide for an expansion of the Institutes' programs con- sistent with sound planning and competing demands in other health programs and other scientific fields. These activities will be aug- mented under the proposed legislation to create a National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and a National Institute of General Medical Sciences within the National Institutes of Health.

The 1963 budget includes funds for the legislation proposed to the last session of the Congress to authorize Federal grants to assist in construction of new medical, dental, osteopathic, and public health schools. This legislation would also provide scholarships for stu- dents and would extend for three additional years the Federal pro- gram of matching grants for constniction of health research facilities.

Federal expenditures for hospital construction are estimated to reach an all-time high of $196 million during 1963 as the large volume of projects for which appropriations were enacted in prior years reaches the construction stage.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

89

HEALTH. LABOR. AND WELFARE

[Fiscal years. In millions]

Program or agency

Budget expenditures

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

Recom- mended

new obli- gational

authority for 1963

Health services and research:

National Institutes of Health:

Research and training

Grants for construction of health research facilities

Proposed legislation for medical education assistance

Hospital construction activities

G)mmunity and environmental health.

Grants for construction of waste treatment facilities

Other

Labor and manpower:

Temporary extended unemployment compensation

Repayable advances to unemployment trust fund...

Unemployment compensation for Federal employees and ex-servicemen

Other

Proposed legislation:

Manpower development and training

Youth employment opportunities

Public assistance:

Present programs.

Proposed legislation:

Public welfare improvement

Assistance to Cuban refugees

Other welfare services:

School lunch and special milk programs:

Present programs..

Proposed legislation

Vocational rehabilitation:

Present programs

Proposed legislation for vocational rehabilitation for peacetime ex-servicemen..

Military service credits:

Payment to OASDI trust funds

Proposed legislation for payment to railroad retirement account

Other

$420 22

160 70 44

222

511 49

171 78

2.170

241

70

15

Total.

4.244

$603 25

176 113

45 250

359 -55

144 97

2,574

274

83

18

$711

30

9

196

134

55

273

131 106

60 60

2.692

4.708

5.105

$780 50 34 176 148 90 296

131 111

100 75

2.699

93	93
42	45
271	275
20	20
96	101
11	11
79	79
16	16
23	17

15.348

' Compares with new obligational authority of $4,681 million enacted for 1961 and $5,203 million (including $248 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.

90 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Population and industrial growth with accompanying technological advances continue to place ever-increasing consumer protection re- sponsibilities on the Food and Drug Administration. The 1963 budget provides for a 25% increase in the staff of the agency, to permit an increase in all phases of the agency's consumer protection activities, with particular attention to health hazards resulting from the use of pesticides on food crops, and strengthened enforcement activities relating to the manufacture and sale of drugs.

The Public Health Service, as part of its expanding community health activities, will provide substantially increased assistance to the States in the improvement of diagnostic laboratory sei^vices, in- crease research in health practice and medical economics, and initiate a venereal disease eradication program. Increased emphasis is pro- vided for health services to the chronically ill and aged, including expanded grants to States and localities. The budget also provides for expanded research on the environmental health problems of air and water pollution and radiation exposure, and expanded monitoring and surveillance of radiological fallout. To carry out the provisions of the Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1961, the budget provides for strengthening Federal enforcement activities, expanding river basin studies, initiating construction of water pollution labora- tories, and increasing grants to States and communities for construc- tion of waste treatment works.

Labor and manpower. — Budget expenditures in 1963 for labor and manpower programs are expected to be $191 million less than in 1962, principally because of the termination of temporary extended unemployment compensation. Permanent improvements in the un- employment compensation system are again proposed, including a permanent system of extended unemployment benefits ; these improve- ments are to be financed through the unemployment trust fund.

The need for retraining workers who have no market for their present skills exists across the Nation. Accordingly, the budget pro- vides for the manpower development and training bill submitted last year to authorize on-the-job training and instruction in vocational schools for unemployed workers. A start on meeting this need in areas suffering from persistent unemployment has been made under the area redevelopment program.

Among youth, especially those who have dropped out of school pre- maturely, the already serious problem of finding jobs will be aggra- vated considerably in the next few years by the rising influx of young people into the labor market. Funds are included in the 1963 budget for the youth employment opportunities bill recommended last year to provide a 3-year program of experimental projects for training of

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 91

youth in local works projects, in conservation camps, and in on-the-job training positions.

The budget also proposes a stren^hening of the Department of Labor so that it can give concerted attention to analysis of national manpower requirements and resources, and provides for a continued expjinsion of the United States Employment Service financed by trust fund expenditures.

Social insurance and welfare. — The 1963 budget provides for further improvements in Federal social insurance and welfare pro- grams, which provide income to an average of 28 million beneficiaries.

Social insurance. — Major economic security programs are oper- ated through trust funds, outside of the regular budget: old-age, survivors, and disability insurance; the railroad retirement and Fed- eral retirement systems; and unemployment insurance. These trust funds are financed from Federal taxes on employers or employees or through special contributions. During 1963, it is expected that an average of 21 million beneficiaries will receive benefits, of which nearly two-thirds will be retired pei-sons. The tiiist fund expendi- tures, mainly for benefit payments, are estimated to total $21.6 billion in 1963.

A major risk not yet provided for through social insurance is the cost of medical care, particularly for the aged who experience a high incidence of costly sickness in a period of life when incomes and resources are typically scanty. The estimates in this budget provide for the legislation which is again recommended to broaden the social security system to include health insurance for the aged.

Public assistance. — Expenditures in 1963 for public assistance to aid the aged, blind, disabled, medically indigent, and dependent children are estimated at $2.8 billion. Federal expenditures for pub- lic assistance benefits and services under existing programs in 1963 will constitute about three-fifths of the estimated total Federal- State-local outlays of $4.6 billion for these purposes. These outlays will help provide aid to a monthly average of 6.6 million needy Americans, and, in addition, help meet medical and hospital expenses for more than 700,000 medically indigent aged persons during the year.

A careful review of the experience in the public assistance pro- grams since they were instituted on a Federal-State basis in 1935 indicates that money payments are not the only measures needed to combat the problem of want and human neglect for many families and individuals on the welfare rolls, particularly those receiving aid for dependent chihlten. The Secretary of Health, Education, and

92 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Welfare has therefore begun to redirect and reorganize the public assistance programs by introducing and augmenting services to over- come and prevent dependency. The 1963 budget recommendations include provision for expenses arising from the Secretary's adminis- trative action and for extension of present temporary programs, largely for children of the unemployed. In addition, expenditures of $93 million are estimated for proposed legislation to stimulate and improve services to reduce dependency and provide for related im- provements in benefits, including authority for increased grants for child welfare services.

The 1963 budget includes $42 million in estimated expenditures by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare for assistance to Cuban refugees under legislation now pending before the Congress for refugee assistance programs.

Other welfare services. — The 1963 budget for vocational rehabilita- tion provides Federal appropriations to match fully all the State funds which are estimated to be available for this purpose. During 1963 the Federal-State vocational rehabilitation programs are ex- pected to return approximately 110,000 persons to gainful employ- ment; the number of persons aided has increased each year since 1954. In addition, the budget includes $11 million for proposed legislation to authorize vocational rehabilitation for severely disabled peacetime ex-servicemen at Federal expense through the Federal-State system.

Grants to the States through the school lunch and special milk pro- grams of the Department of Agriculture are estimated to increase in 1963 by $17 million over 1962. The estimate includes the cost of leg- islation to amend the National School Lunch Act to provide a more equitable formula for the distribution of cash assistance to the States and also to provide a statutory basis for the direction of increased assistance to particularly needy areas and schools.

The railroad retirement system is confronted with a substantial actuarial deficiency and the railroad unemployment system also has had to borrow substantial funds in recent years. The administration is giving intensive attention to means of placing these programs on a solvent basis.

The Federal (government is required to reimburse the railroad retirement system for military service credits to railroad workers who were in the Armed Forces. Present law requires the Govern- ment to pay both the employers' and employees' taxes for such credits on behalf of many former railroad workers who did not return to railroad employment after military service and who therefore will not qualify for railroad retirement benefits. It also requires payments

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 93

botli to the railroad retirement account and to the OASDI trust funds for the same military service benefits. Legislation to provide a revised basis for financing such military service credits will be sub- mitted shortly and the budget includes $16 million to finance the first- year payment to the railroad retirement account.

This budget also includes $79 million for the first of seven annual installments of appropriations to meet the Federal Government's $550 million obligation to reimburse the OASDI trust funds for the added cost of past benefits based on military service credits. Such noncon- tributory credits were authorized to provide social security insurance coverage on assumed earnings of $160 a month for all servicemen who served in the Armed Forces from September 16, 1940, through De- cember 31, 1956.

EDUCATION

The new and expanded programs for education proposed in the 1963 budget represent an important step toward the goal of giving every young American the opportunity for the best education com- mensurate with his abilities.

Today, two out of every five youths are dropping out of school be- fore completing high school. A significant part of our present man- power problems can be traced to inadequate education and training. One out of every 16 workers is unemployed while the Nation has shortages of scientists, teachei-s, physicians, nurses, many skilled craftsmen, and other categories of professional and trained workers.

Pupil enrollments are expected to increase by approximately 30% from 1960 to 1970, including a doubling of enrollments in colleges where the cost of education per student is several times the cost of elementary and secondary education. To provide the necessary edu- cational facilities, to raise the salaries of the teaching profession, to improve the quality of instruction, and to provide necessary student aid for able college students will require that total national outlays for education be increased by more than three- fourths during this decade. Expenditures for higher education alone will have to rise at even a faster rate.

Although Federal expenditures for education are rising, they of course represent only a small proportion of total national outlays for education. Expenditures for education programs are estimated to be $1.5 billion in 1963, an increase of $327 million over 1962. The new obligational authority of $2.4 billion represents an increase of $1.1 billion.

Aid to elementary and secondary education. — To help overcome severe shortages of teachers and facilities and provide high quality instruction in the elementary and secondary schools, the budget pro-

94

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

vides for the legislation recommended last year. This legislation pro- poses a 3-year progi'am to provide $2.1 billion in Federal grants for teachers' salaries and educational facilities on the basis of each State's public school enrollment and per capita income, provided that a State's own effort or contribution is maintained or increased.

EDUCATION

[Fiscal years. In millionsl

Program or agency

Budget expenditures

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

Recom- mended

new obli- gational

authority for 1963

Assistance for elementary and secondary education:

Proposed legislation:

Aid to public elementary and secondary education

Improvement in educational quality

Assistance to schools in federally affected areas:

Present programs

Proposed legislation

Defense education science, mathematics, and foreign lan- guage instruction and other assistance

Assistance for higher education:

College housing loans

Proposed legislation for aid to higher education

Defense education student loans, fellowships, and other assistance

Assistance for land-grant colleges, Howard University, and

Gallaudet College

Assistance to science education and basic research:

National Science Foundation:

Basic research

Science education

Other aid to education:

Vocational education:

Promotion of vocational education

Area vocational education (National Defense Educa- tion Act)

Other defense education assistance

Indian education services --.

Library of Congress and Smithsonian Institution. -.

Other..

Total.

$279

54 198

943

$291

66 250

100 29

124 74

1,143

$90 40

290 -36

73

375 21

118

28

164 93

,470

$600 120

287 -58

87

300 332

119

29

247 111

42

15 8 83 38 35

12.396

> Compares with new obligational authority of $1,333 million enacted for 1961 and $1,278 millinn (including $16 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.

In the last several years, teacher training institutes, research proj- ects, and course content improvement studies financed by the National Science Foundation and the Office of Education have revealed poten-

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION 95

tialities for rapid improvement in the quality of education, both in the elementary and secondary schools and in the colleges, through supplementary training of teachers and the use of improved teaching media, techniques, and curricula. Legislation is being requested to extend the scope of this work through a new program of grants by the Office of Education for improving the quality of education. The budget for 1963 includes $120 million in new obligational authority and estimated expenditures of $40 million for this purpose.

Assistance to schools in federally affected areas. — Federal grants are provided for construction of classrooms and for operating expenses in school districts in which enrollments are significantly increased as a result of Federal employment. The 1963 budget includes appropria- tions of $229 million for these programs, reflecting the estimated effect of previously proposed legislation to reduce grants to localities for children whose parents work on Federal property but live on taxable property.

Defense education frogram. — Expenditures under the National De- fense Education Act are estimated to increase $27 million over 1962, principally for student loans and laboratory equipment grants. This program has contributed to improvement of education at both elemen- tary and higher levels.

At the elementary-secondary level, the Federal Government by the end of 1963 will have shared in the costs of nearly $400 million worth of science, mathematics, and foreign language laboratory equipment. It also will have helped approximately 15,500 elementary and second- ary school teachers to participate in foreign language teaching insti- tutes, and about 14,000 secondary school counselors to benefit from special training programs.

In aids to higher education, the Act has provided about 495,000 loans to college students between 1959 and 1962, with another 190,000 loans estimated to be made in 1963. By the end of 1963, 7,000 graduate fellowships will have been awarded to expand graduate programs for training of college teachers, and approximately 3,500 individuals will have received advanced training in foreign area and language studies.

Aid to higher education. — The Office of Education has estimated that in order to accommodate the expected doubling of college enroll- ments between 1960 and 1970, the average rate of construction would have to proceed a( moro than double the rate acliieved in the last 10 years.

96 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Last year, the Congress enacted legislation extending the college housing loan program for 4 years and authorizing $300 million a year in new loans. The budget provides for legislation recommended last year to authorize a similar long-term low-interest loan program for academic facilities ; this proposal would authorize $300 million in loans each year for 5 years for the construction and modernization of college classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and related facilities. The proposal would also authorize a total of 212,500 4-year scholarships, including 25,000 in the first year, for able college students who need financial aid.

Assistance to science education and hasic research. — Expenditures by the National Science Foundation for the support of science are estimated to be $257 million in 1963. Of this total, $164 million is for the support of basic research and research facilities, an increase of $40 million over 1962 largely for basic research projects in colleges and universities and for research facilities, including matching grants to improve graduate research laboratories.

Expenditures of $93 million by the Foundation for science educa- tion will provide a $19 million increase over 1962 chiefly for graduate fellowships, matching grants to improve instructional laboratory equipment in colleges and universities, and for course content improvement projects to strengthen curricula in science and mathematics.

0 titer aid to education. — This budget provides for modest improve- ments in vocational education programs. A new program is being recommended to reduce adult illiteracy through development and support of State literacy programs, special training for teachers, and development of teaching materials and methods.

VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES "

Budget expenditures in 1963 for veterans programs are estimated to be $274 million less than in 1962. This net decrease results prin- cipally from the planned sale of $250 million in mortgage notes received by the Veterans Administration from the sale of properties acquired in the housing loan guarantee program and the payment in 1962 of $48 million in special dividends to holders of life insurance policies issued to veterans of the Korean conflict.

Veterans programs, involving payments to about 41^ million bene- ficiaries each month, are characterized by an increasing proportion of expenditures devoted to pension and medical care benefits for needy veterans with a corresponding decrease in the proportion for compen- sation and readjustment benefits. Apart from the special factors

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

97

affecting the 1963 estimate, noted above, veterans expenditures in the coming year will follow this longer run pattern.

Service-connected compensation. — Expenditures in 1963 for com- pensation benefits are estimated to increase by $48 million over 1962. The increase results from the proposed adjustment in disability com- pensation rates which is estimated to require expenditures of $64 million in 1963. There will be an average of 2,357,000 cases involving compensation payments for service-disabled veterans or survivors of veterans in 1963, 16,000 less than in 1962, and 41,000 less than in 1961.

VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES

(Fiscal years. In millions]

Program or agency

Budpet expenditures

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

Recom- mended

new obli' gational

authority for 1963

Service-connected compensation:

Present program

Proposed legislation to raise rates

Non-service-connected pensions

Readjustment benefits:

Exlucation and training

Direct housing loans

Loan guarantee and other benefits

Hospitals and medical care:

Medical care and hospital services..

G>iutruction of hospitals

Medical administration, research, and other

Other veterans benefits and services:

Insurance and servicemen's indemnities

Burial smd other allowances

Veterans Administration general operating expenses and other

$2,034

$2,009

,532

237 152 169

945 51 34

25 55

179

1.670

141 161 196

989 65 42

70 55

175

$1,993

64

1.784

84

150

-149

1,011 68 42

24 55

171

$1,993

64

1.784

84

200

7

1.018 76 42

33 55

170

Total.

5.414

5.572

5.298

» 5.526

' Compares with new obligational authority of $5,586 million enacted for |961 and $5,580 million (including $178 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.

Non-service-connected pensions. — An increase of $114 million in ex- penditures is estimated in 1963 for pensions, based on an expected rise of 139,000 in pension caseloads. An average of 2,011,000 veterans or survivors will receive pensions in 1963, compared to an estimated 1,872,000 in 1962 and 1,691,000 in 1961. These increases result in part from the raising of income limitations and from the granting of pension eligibility to survivors of veterans of World War II and

610000 O — 62 7

98 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

the Korean conflict by the Veterans Pension Act of 1959. In addi- tion, World War I veterans continue to come on the rolls in large numbers because of their advanced age. World War I veterans and their survivors constitute the largest group on the pension rolls; by 1963, about half of the 2,400,000 living World War I veterans will be receiving pensions.

ReadfustTnent henefits. — Expenditures for education and training benefits are estimated to decline by $57 million from 1962 to 1963, principally because of a reduction in the number of veterans of the Korean conflict in training. Eight years have now elapsed since the termination of hostilities in Korea and the great majority of those veterans are well established in their civilian pursuits. The number in training will average 52,000 in 1963, compared to 174,000 in 1961 and 98,000 in 1962.

Expenditures for direct housing loans to veterans in rural areas and small towns are expected to decrease somewhat compared to 1962, but approximately 25,000 loans will be made in each year.

Expenditures in 1963 for acquisition of properties and for payment of claims on defaulted loans guaranteed by the Veterans Administra- tion are estimated to decline from the unusually high levels of 1962 which were affected by the 1960-61 recession. The planned sale of $250 million of mortgage notes in 1963 will cover these expenses and in addition produce substantial excess receipts. The disposal of these notes will reverse the trend toward accumulation of large num- bers of housing mortgages from veterans and nonveterans which must now be serviced by the Veterans Administration and will lead to reductions in future administrative costs.

Hosplfah and medical care. — The budget includes expenditures of $1,053 million for hospitals and medical care (including administra- tion and research) in 1963, an increase of $22 million over 1962. This increase will permit continued improvement in the quality of medical care in the hospitals and clinics and further progress in activation of a new hospital at Brecksville, Ohio. Hospital and domiciliary care will be provided for an average of 141,900 beneficiaries per day in Veterans Administration, contract, and State facilities, and for a total of 3,628,000 visits by veterans to outpatient clinics or to private phy- sicians paid by the Veterans Administration on a fee basis for services to qualified veterans.

Hospital construction. — An appropriation of $76 million is pro- posed for 1963, the third step in carrying out the $900 million 12-year hospital modernization program initiated in 1961. Construction of three replacement hospitals containing 2,380 beds will be begun in

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

99

1963, and planning will be initiated for two others. In addition, a number of modernization projects will be undertaken, including $3 million for new medical research facilities.

Other veterans henefts and services. — A decrease in insurance and indemnity expenditures is estimated in 1963, resulting from the com- pletion of $10,000 indemnity payments to a number of survivors of veterans deceased during the Korean conflict and from the fact that 1962 expenditures included $48 million in the form of special insurance dividends distributed to policyholders under the Korean conflict vet- erans life insurance program. The decline in expenditures for the general operations of the Veterans Administration is based on reduc- tions in workloads and continued improvements in productivity.

Veterans life insurance trust funds. — These trust funds involve about 51/^ million life insurance policies issued to veterans of World War I and World War II. Receipts are principally from premiums and interest on investments, while expenditures are mainly for death and disability claims and dividends. Trust fund expenditures are estimated to decline from $749 million in 1962 to $674 million in 1963, mainly because the 1962 expenditures included special dividend payments to help speed economic recovery from the 1960-61 recession.

INTEREST

Interest payments, predominantly on the public debt, account for about 10% of estimated total budget expenditures in 1963.

IFijca	INTEREST years. In millions)
Item		New obligational authority and budget expenditures
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Interest on public debt. . .	$8,957 83 10	$8,900 88 10	$9,300
Interest on refunds of receipts	88
Interest on uninvested funds _ ,	10
Total -- -	9.050	8.998	9,398

Interest payments on the public debt are estimated to rise by $400 million in 1963, although the public debt at the end of fiscal 1963 will be slightly below the debt at the end of 1962. About half this increase reflects the fact that outstanding debt bearing interest will

100 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

be about $5 billion higher on the average in 1963 than in the current year. The remainder arises from the higher rates on obligations is- sued recently to refinance maturing securities which were originally issued when market rates of interest were lower.

GENERAL GOVERNMENT

Expenditures for the general administrative and law enforceiiieiit activities of the legislative, judicial and executive branches of the Federal Government are estimated at $2 billion, about 2% of total 1963 expenditures. The estimated increase of $117 million over 1962 expenditures is predominantly for improved administration of the tax laws and for construction of Government buildings.

Legislative and judicial functions. — Construction of an additional office building for the House of Representatives will be completed during 1963. The 73 new judgeships authorized in the last session of the Congress involve expenditure increases in both 1962 and 1963 for added court personnel, space, and equipment.

Central fiscal operations. — An increase of $61 million in expendi- tures is estimated for 1963 for the Internal Revenue Service under existing laws, mainly to carry out the third step in a long-range pro- gram to modernize the administration of the present tax laws. This action is essential not only to close existing revenue gaps, but also to encourage voluntary compliance by taxpayers. As part of the pro- gram in 1963, automatic data processing equipment will be used in tabulating many personal income tax returns, permitting a much more thorough cross-checking of records. The extension of these improved techniques to all returns in later years will permit better administra- tion and still further increases in collections. An additional increase of $19 million in expenditures is estimated for the Treasury Depart- ment to carry out the proposals for withholding of taxes on interest and dividend payments.

The Renegotiation Act, which provides for the recapture of excess profits on certain Government contracts, expires on June 30, 1962. An extension of this legislation is being proposed.

General property and records management. — Expenditures for con- struction of new Government buildings, primarily financed by appro- priations made in earlier years, are estimated at $186 million in 1963, an increase of $42 million ever 1962; this amount includes site acqui- sition and planning. The 1963 budget provides appropriations of $192 million to enable the General Services Administration to meet part of the accumulated needs for space required for efficient Govern-

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

101

ment operations. An increase of $18 million in expenditures is also planned for repairs and improvements in existing buildings, including alterations to provide new Federal court facilities.

GENERAL GOVERNMENT

[Fiscal years. In millions]

Program or agency	Budget expenditures	Recom- mended new obli-
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	gational authority for 1963
Legislative functions	118 52 22 408 200	142 59 26 447 217	130 63 23 508 219 19 538 * 66 42 299 12 100 7	112
Judicial functions	64
Executive direction and management	25
Central fiscal operations: Present programs: Internal Revenue Service _ _	513
Other.	222
Administration of proposed withholding of taxes on investment income. . .	20
General property and records management: General Services Administration	352 19 66 74 279 10 74 35	465 9 67 40 292 11 84 51	549
Central Intelligence Agency building
Central personnel management: Department of Labor	66
Civil Service Commission..	41
Protective services and alien control: Department of Justice	303
Other	12
Other general government: Territories and possessions	94
Claims and other	13
Total	1.709	1.910	2.027	1 2.035

'Less than one-half million dollars.

1 Compares with new obligational authority of $1,860 million enacted for 1961 and $1,979 million (including —$27 million in anticipated supplemental appropriations) estimated for 1962.

Central personnel management. — Budget expenditures by the Civil Service Commission in 1963 are estimated to be somewhat higher than in the current year, but $32 million less than in 1961. Cost-of- living increases enacted in 1958 for certain retired employees and their survivors are now being paid from the civil service retire- ment and disability trust fund pursuant to Public Law 87-114, ap- proved July 31, 1961. Accordingly, rescission of the $45 million appro- priation enacted for 1962 for this purpose is recommended.

An adequate long-range financial plan should be established for the civil service retirement system, which provides survivorship, disability, and retirement protection for more than 2 million Federal

102 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

employees. Legislation lias been proposed: (1) to continue the present policy under which employing agencies match current con- tributions by employees; (2) to provide that the net accumulated employee contributions be fully maintained in the fund at all times; and (3) to authorize a permanent indefinite appropriation which may be used at any future time as necessary to permit benefits to be paid as stipulated by law without reducing the fund below this minimum level.

Protective services and alien control. — Expenditures for investiga- tive activities of the Federal Bureau of Investigation and for the liti- gation carried on by the Department of Justice are estimated to rise by $7 million in 1963, largely because of increased efforts to enforce the income tax laws and the special campaign against racketeering and organized crime recently intensified by the Attorney General.

Prison population continues to rise, reflecting in part a trend toward increased length of sentences. An appropriation request of $57 million for the Federal Prison System includes funds necessary to provide a site and plans for a new psychiatric prison institution. This will be the first step in a new 10-year program to provide facilities of the types and in the locations most urgently required.

Territories and possessions. — Increased appropriations are recom- mended for 1963 to carry forward the program launched last year for development of American Samoa and to expand the similar pro- gram for the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

103

Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)

Description	NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY	EXPENDITURES
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
050 NATIONAL DEFENSE 051 Department of Defense, military functions: Military personnel	11.778 10.702 11.716 6.033 1.061	13.018 11.870 15.893 6.283 959 255	13.230 11.609 16.445 6.843 1.318 695	12.085 10.611 13.095 6.131 1.605 ""-360"	13.250 11.595 14.836 6.039 1.250 140 -260	13.415
Operation and maintenance	11 511
Procurement .	15 356
Research, development, test, and evalu- ation Military construction Civil defense . . .	6.650 1.189 350
Revolving and management funds.	30	-171
Total 051 -	41.321	48.278	50.140	43.227	46.850	48 300
057 Military assistance: Department of Defense — Military 058 Atomic energy : Atomic Energy Commission	1,785 2.781	1.600 2.647	1.500 2.987	1.449 2.713	1.400 2,830	1.400 2.880
059 Defense-related services: Elxecutive Office of the President Funds Appropriated to the President. . .	52	7		50 -12 -- 35 33	9 35 16 * 36 36	2
Department of Health. Education, and Welfare		35	41	31
Treasury Department. ..		*
General Services Administration Other independent agencies: Selective Service System .._	22 33	40 37	38 38	40 37
Total 059	107	119	118	104	132	110
Total, national defense	45.994	52.644	54.744	47.494	51,212	52.690
150 INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS AND FINANCE 151 Conduct of foreign affairs: Department of State..	241 1 3	347 1 3 2	252 74 3 6	213 * 3	385 1 3 2	245
Other independent agencies: Foreign Claims Settlement Commis- sion ... -	11
Tariff Commission	3
United States Arms Control and Dis- armament Agency	5
Total 151.	244	353	336	216	390	264
152 Economic and financial assistance: Funds Appropriated to the President Department of Agriculture	2.720 115	4.516 461	3.582 300 18	1.879 199 9 * 1 37	2.117 281 10	2.409 300
Department of Commerce	14
Department of Defense — Civil . .
Department of State.	1	1	14	1 -101	13
Other independent agencies: Export- Import Bank of Washington	-225
TotalI52	2.836	4.978	3.914	2.126	2.308	2.510
See footnotes at end of table.

104

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)-Continued

Description	NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY	EXPENDITURES
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
153 Foreign information and exchange activities : Department of State _ .	43 132	42 141	65 158	37 121	50 147	63
Other independent agencies: United States Infonnation Agency.	159
Total 153	175	183	223	158	197	222
Total, international affairs and finance .... .	3.256 964 3.315	5.514 1.828 5.129	4.473 3.787 4,381	2.500 744 3.801	2.896 1.300 5.081	2,996 2,400
250 SPACE RESEARCH AND TECH- NOLOGY 251 Space research and technology: National Aeronautics and Space Admin- istration.
350 AGRICULTURE AND AGRI- CULTURAL RESOURCES 351 Farm income support and production adjustment: Department of Agriculture	4.585
352 Financing farm ownership and oper- ation: Department of Agriculture. . .	500 3	371 3	45 3	353 -3	158 -2	198
Other independent agencies: Farm Credit Administration	*
Total 352	503 320 398	373 418 422	48 354 432	349 301 397	156 330 420	198
353 Financing rural electrification and rural telephones: Department of Agriculture..	234
354 Agricultural land and water re- sources: Department of Agriculture . .	438
355 Research and other agricultural services: Funds Appropriated to the President . _
			1 323	4 352
Department of Agriculture	359	361	383	380
Total 355	359	361	383	324	356	380
Total, agriculture and agricultural resources . . :	4.895	6.701	5.598	5.173	6.343	5.836
400 NATURAL RESOURCES 401 Land and water resources: Department of Defense — Civil . . .	936 428 12	974 466 16 * 9 1 1 38	1.022 568 15 * 11 1 ---	926 414 5 -. 1 I 39	958 453 14 * 9 1 1 78	1.010
Department of the Interior . .	527
Department of State	18
Other independent agencies: Delaware River Basin Commission	*
Federal Power Commission	8 2 1 21	11
U.S. Study Commission — Southeast River Basins	1
U.S. Study Commission — Texas Tennessee Valley Authority	63
Total 401	1.407	1.505	1.652	1.394	1,515	1.630

See footnotes at end of table.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

105

Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollar8)-Continued

Description	NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY	EXPENDITURES
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
402 Forest resources: Department of Agriculture	323 16	306 15	236 16	315 16	279 15	281
Department of the Interior. . . _	16
Total 402..	339 63	320 82	251 100	331 61	294 68	297
403 Mineral resources: Department of the Interior .	92
404 Fish and wildlife resources: Department of Defense — Civil.. .	* 74 2	* 88 2	* 100 2	* 71 2	* 79 2	*
Department of the Interior	98
Department of State	2
Total 404 . .	76	90	103	73	81	100
405 Recreational resources: Department of the I nterior	94 1	114 1	94	90 1	96 1	110
Other independent agencies: Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Com- mission	*
Total 405	95 57	115 61	94 72	91 55	97 63	110
409 General resource surveys and ad- ministration: Department of the Interior	68
Total natural resources	2.038	2.172	2.272	2.006	2.117	2.298
500 COMMERCE AND TRANSPOR- TATION 501 Aviation: Department of Commerce				* 638 78	* 708 83	«
Federal Aviation Agency	690 80	730 85	791 86	781
Other independent agencies: Civil Aero- nautics Board .	85
Total 501..	771	815	877	716	791	866
502 Water transportation: Department of Commerce	323	301	255	282 8 276 2	351 15 279 2	359
Department of Defense — Civil	10
Treasury Department	281	298	308	292
Other independent agencies: St. Law- rence Seaway Development Corp.. . .	*
Total 502	604 36 895	599 36 867	563 41 265	569 36 914	646 39 853	662
503 Highways: Department of Commerce	44
505 Postal service: Post Office Department	261
506 Advancement of business: Department of Commerce	206	283	307	168 * *	202 * 15 250	272
Department of the Interior	-I
Other independent agencies: Alaska International Rail and High- way Commission. .. . .	*
Interstate Commerce Commission	15 267
Small Business Administration	56	306	103	222
Total 506	262	565	613	271	466	493

See footnotes at end of table.

;^mu-

106

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY	EXPENDITURES
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
507 Area redevelopment: Department of Commerce	300	171	64		44	122
508 Regulation of business: Department of Commerce ..	3 5 8 14	3 6 9 13 2 10 22 11	3 6 10 13 3 12 23 13	3 5 8 12 -. 22 9	3 6 9 14 2 10 22 11	3
Department of Justice . .. .	6
Other independent agencies: Civil Aeronautics Board	10
Federal Communications Commission, Federal Maritime Commission	13 3
Federal Trade Commission	8 21 10	11
Interstate Commerce Commission Securities and Exchange Commission..	23 13
Total 508.	69	76	83	67	76	82
Total, commerce and transportation.	2,937	3.129	2.507	2.573	2.915	2.531
550 HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 551 Aids to private housing: Housing and Home Finance Agency Other independent agencies: Federal Home Loan Bank Board	931	325	301	-9 -35	247 -239	333 -270
Total 551	931 159 2,910	325 180 51	301 200 183	-44 150 162	8 166 277	63
552 Public housing: Housing and Home Finance Agency 553 Urban renewal and community facilities: Housing and Home Finance Agency	193 482
555 National Capital area: Other independent agencies: Commission of Fine Arts	* * * 1 * 81	* * * 1 2 62	* * * 2 6 63	* * * 1 * 50	* * * 2 2 90	*
Interstate Commission on the Po- tomac River Basin	*
National Capital Housing Authority. National Capital Planning Commis- sion.. - .	* 3
National Capital Transportation Agency . .. .	6
District of Columbia	85
Total 555	82	65	71	51	94	94
Total, housing and community de- velopment... .	4,082 1,129	621 1,467	755 1.575	320 938	545 1.213	832
650 HEALTH, LABOR, AND WEL- FARE 651 Health services and research: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare	1.408

i

ll|

See footnotes at end o^ table.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

107

Tabic 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)— Continued

	NEW OBLIGATIONAL	EXPENDITURES
	AUTHORITY
Description
	1961	1962	1963	1961	1962	1963
	actual	estimate	estimate	actual	estimate	estimate
652 Labor and manpower:
Executive Office of the President	*	*	*	*	*	*
Department of the Interior	7	7	8	7	7	7
Department of Labor.	1,007	575	381	764	495	320
Treasury Department. .	I			1
Other independent agencies:
Federal Coal Mine Safety Board of
Review .	*	*	*	*	*	*
Federal Mediation and Conciliation
Service	4 18	5 19	5 20	4 18	4 19	5
National Labor Relations Board	20
National Mediation Board	2 20	2 10	2	1 13	2 17	2
Railroad Retirement Board. .
Total 652	1.060	618	417	809	545	354
653 Public assistance:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare	2,180	2,547	2.837	2,170	2.574	2.827
654 Other welfare services:
Funds Appropriated to the President		21		7	8	8
Department of Agriculture	230	446	295	241	274	291
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare	82	104	208	78	94	201
Other independent agencies: Railroad
Retirement Board.. . ..			16			16
Total 654	312	571	519	326	376	516
Total, health, labor, and welfare	4,681	5,203	5.348	4.244	4.708	5.105
700 EDUCATION
701 Assistance for elementary and
secondary education:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare	367	373	1.036	332	357	457
702 Assistance for higher education:
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare	102	148	480	88	129	167
Housing and Home Finance Agency	500	300	300	198	250	375
Total 702	602	448	780	286	379	541
703 Assistance to science education and
basic research:
Other independent agencies: National
Science Foundation	176	263	358	143	199	257
704 Other aids to education:
Legislative Branch	16	17	19	15	17	19
Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare	82	89	100	79	86	92
Department of the Interior	67	72	83	66	68	81
Other independent agencies: Smith-
sonian I nstitution	24	16	20	21	36	24
Total 704	188	194	221	181	208	215
Total education... .. .. .	1,333	1.278	2,396	943	1.143	1.470

.

See footnotes at end of table.

i

106

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY	EXPENDITURES
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
507 Area redevelopment: Department of Commerce	300	171	64		44	122
508 Regulation of business: Department of Commerce Department of Justice	3 5 8 14	3 6 9 13 2 10 22 11	3 6 10 13 3 12 23 13	3 5 8 12 .. 22 9	3 6 9 14 2 10 22 11	3 6
Other independent agencies: Civil Aeronautics Board Federal Communications Commission, Federal Maritime Commission ..	10 13 3
Federal Trade Commission .	8 21 10	]]
Interstate Commerce Commission Securities and Exchange Commission. _	23 13
Total 508	69	76	83	67	76	82
Total, commerce and transportation.	2.937	3.129	2.507	2.573	2.915	2.531
550 HOUSING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT 551 Aids to private housing: Housing and Home Finance Agency Other independent agencies: Federal Home Loan Bank Board .	931	325	301	-9 -35	247 -239	333 -270
Total 551	931 159 2.910	325 180 51	301 200 183	-44 150 162	8 166 277	63
552 Public housing: Housing and Home Finance Agency 553 Urban renewal and community facilities: Housing and Home Finance Agency	193 482
555 National Capital area: Other independent agencies: Commission of Fine Arts	* * * 1 * 81	* * * 1 2 62	* * * 2 6 63	* * * 1 * 50	* * * 2 2 90	*
Interstate Commission on the Po- tomac River Basin National Capital Housing Authority- National Capital Planning Commis- sion National Capital Transportation Agency District of Columbia	* * 3 6 85
Total 555	82	65	71	51	94	94
Total, housing and community de- velopment.	4.082 1,129	621 1.467	755 1.575	320 938	545 1.213	832
650 HEALTH, LABOR, AND WEL- FARE 651 Health services and research: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare...	1.408

See footnotes at end q/ table.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

107

TabU

13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY	EXPENDITURES
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
652 Labor and manpower: Executive Office of the President Department of the Interior .	* 7 1.007 I * 4 18 2 20	* 7 575	* 8 381	* 7 764 1 * 4 18 1 13	* 7 495	* 7
Department of Labor. ..	320
Treasury Department
Other independent agencies: Federal Coal Mine Safety Board of Review. .. .	* 5 19 2 10	* 5 20 2	* 4 19 2 17	*
Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service	5
National Labor Relations Board National Mediation Board... ..	20 2
Railroad Retirement Board
Total 652	1.060	618	417	809	545	354
653 Public assistance: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare	2,180	2,547	2.837	2,170	2,574	2.827
654 Other welfare services: Funds Appropriated to the President		21 446 104	" "295" 208 16	7 241 78	8 274 94	8
Department of Agriculture . .	230 82	291
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare	201
Other independent agencies: Railroad Retirement Board	16
Total 654	312	571	519	326	376	516
Total, health, labor, and welfare 700 EDUCATION 701 Assistance for elementary and secondary education: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare	4,681 367	5.203 373	5.348 1.036	4.244 332	4,708 357	5,105 457
702 Assistance for higher education: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare . Housing and Home Finance Agency	102 500	148 300	480 300	88 198	129 250	167 375
Total 702	602 176	448 263	780 358	286 143	379 199	541
703 Assistance to science education and basic research: Other independent agencies: National Science Foundation	257
704 Other aids to education: Legislative Branch.. ..	16 82 67 24	17 89 72 16	19 100 83 20	15 79 66 21	17 86 68 36	19
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare ..	92
Department of the Interior Other independent agencies: Smith- sonian I nstitution	81 24
Total 704	188	194	221	181	208	215
Total education	1.333	1.278	2,396	943	1.143	1.470

See footnotes at end of table.

108

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Detcription	NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY	EXPENDITURES
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
800 VETERANS BENEFITS AND SERVICES 801 Veterans service-connected com- pensation: Veterans Administration	2.034 1.713 494 1.064	2.009 1.457 731 1.114	2.058 1.784 292 1.136	2.034 1.532 559 1.030	2.009 1.670 498 1.095	2.058
802 Veterans non-service-connected pen- sions: Veterans Administration	1,784
803 Veterans readjustment benefits: Veterans Administration 804 Veterans hospitals and medical care: Veterans Administration	85 1,121
805 Other veterans benefits and services: Department of Defense — Civil Department of Labor.	9 1 269 I	10 1 257 1	10 1 245 2	10 1 246 2	10 1 287 2	11 1
Veterans Administration	237
Other independent agencies: American Battle Monuments Commission.	2
Total 805	280	269	258	259	299	250
Total, veterans benefits and serv- ices	5.586	5.580	5.526	5.414	5.572	5.298
850 INTEREST 851 Interest on the public debt: Treasury Department ..	8.957 83 10	8.900 88 10	9.300 88 10	8.957 83 10	8.900 88 10	9.300
852 Interest on refunds of receipts: Treasury Department	88
853 Interest on uninvested funds: Treasury Department . .	10
Total, interest	9.050 108	8.998 107	9.398 112	9.050 118	8.998 142	9.398
900 GENERAL GOVERNMENT 901 Legislative functions: LegisI ative Branch	130
902 Judicial functions: The Judiciary .. .	53 *	59 *	63	52 *	59 *	63
Other independent agencies: Indian Claims Commission	*
Total 902	53	60	64	52	59	63
903 Executive direction and manage- ment: Executive Office of the President ^.. Funds Appropriated to the President Treasury Department	20 1 1	22 1 1	23 1 2	20 1 1	23 2 1	20 1 2
Total 903	22	24	25	22	26	23

See footnotes at end of table.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

109

Table 13. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION AND AGENCY (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY	EXPENDITURES
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
904 Central fiscal operations: Treasury Department	579 42 3 2	620 43 3 2	708 44 2 2	562 41 3 2	617 43 3 2	697
Other independent agencies: General Accounting Office	44
Renegotiation Board ..	3
Tax Court of the United States	2
Total 904	626	667	756	607	664	745
905 General property and records man- agement: General Services Administration Other independent agencies: Central Intelligence Agency	490	569	549	352 19	465 9	538 *
Total 905-...	490	569	549	372	474	539
906 Central personnel management: Department of Labor.	66 74	68 47	66 41	66 74	67 40	66
Other independent agencies: Civil Service Commission	42
Total906	140	115	107	140	107	108
908 Protective services and alien control : Department of Justice .	292 9 * 1 *	291 9 * 1 *	303 10 1 1 *	279 9 * 1 *	292 9 * 1 *	299
Treasury Department	10
Other independent agencies: Civil Service Commission	*
Commission on Civil Rights . .	1
Subversive Activities Control Board. .	*
Total 908	303	302	316	289	303	311
910 Other general government: Legislative Branch	4 6 33 20 55 * *	5 6 30 24 70 * *	5 3 34 33 32 * *	* 6 28 21 54 * *	2 6 32 25 70 * *	-1
Funds Appropriated to the President Departm ent of Defense — Civil .	3 40
Department of the Interior.	33
Treasury Department	32
Other independent agencies: Advisory Commission on Intergovern- mental Relations	*
Historical and memorial commissions..	*
Total 910	119	135	107	109	135	108
Total, general government Allowances for pay adjustments and con- tingencies	1.860	1.979 100	2.035 462	1.709	1.910 75	2.027 350
Subtotal	86.675	95,748	99.303	82.169 654	89.732 656	93.230
Deduct interfund transactions	693
Total	86.675	95.748	99.303	81.515	89.075	92.537

*Less than one-half million dollars.

Note. — This table summarizes by functional category the information on new obligational authority and expenditures which is shown in more detail on an agency basis on pages 118 to 266.

110

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table 14. BUDGET EXPENDITURES,	1953-60	(in mi	llions of dollars)
Description	1953	1954	1955	1956	1957	1958	1959	I960
050 National defense: 05 1 Department of Defense military functions: ' Military personnel Operation and mainte- nance Procurement Research, development, test, and evaluation Military construction Revolving and manage- ment funds	12,179 10,028 17,297 2,148 1,937 15	11.643 9.162 15,957 2,187 1,744 -367	11,403 7,931 12.838 2.261 1.715 -617	11.582 8.400 12.227 2.101 2,079 -598	11,409 9,487 13,488 2,406 1.968 -323	11,611 9.761 14,083 2.504 1.753 -643	11.801 10.378 14.409 2.866 1.948 -179	11,738 10.223 13.334 4.710 1.626 -416
Total, Department of Defense — military functions 057 Military assistance 058 Atomic energy 059 Defense-related serv- ices	43,604 3.954 1,791 1,093	40,326 3.629 1.895 1.136	35.531 2.292 1.857 1.015	35.791 2.611 1.651 670	38.436 2.352 1.990 582	39,070 2,187 2,268 708	41.223 2.340 2.541 387	41.215 1.609 2.623 244
Total, national defense.	50.442	46.986	40.695	40.723	43.360	44,234	46.491	45.691
150 International affairs and finance: 151 Conduct of foreign affairs	150 1.960 106	130 1.511 91	121 1.960 100	129 1,613 111	157 1.683 133	173 1,910 149	237 3.403 139	217
1 52 Economic and financial assistance	1,477
153 Foreign information and exchange activities.. .	137
Total, international affairs and finance...	2.216	1.732	2.181	1,853	1.973	2,231	3.780	1,832
250 Space research and tech- nology: 251 Space research and technology ..	79	90	74	71	76	89	145	401
350 Agriculture and agricul- tural resources: 351 Farm income support and production ad- justment -	2.125 128 239 319 142	1.689 272 217 252 142	3.486 236 204 290 173	3,900 232 217 305 215	3.430 248 267 374 227	4, 3.284 269 297 315 255	5,297 311 315 376 291	3.602
352 Financing farm owner- ship and operation... 353 Financing rural electri- fication and rural telephones 354 Agricultural land and water resources 355 Research and other agricultural services..	289 330 368 293
Total, agriculture and agricultural resources.	2.955	2.573	4.388	4,868	4.546	4.419	6.590	4.882

See footnotes at end of table.

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY FUNCTION

111

Table 14. BUDGET EXPENDITURES, 1953-60 (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	1953	1954	1955	1956	1957	1958	1959	I960
400 Natural resources: 401 Land and water re- sources	1.235 107 38 34 30 34	1.056 117 37 38 33 35	935 119 37 43 35 34	804 139 38 45 44 36	925 163 62 51 59 38	1.139 174 59 60 69 44	1,184 201 71 68 85 61	1.235
402 Forest resources 403 Mineral resources 404 Fish and wildlife re- sources ._	220 65 68
405 Recreational resources, 409 General resource sur- veys and administra- tion	74 51
Total, natural resources.	1.478	1,317	1,203	1.105	1.298	1.544	1,670	1.714
500 Commerce and transpor- tation: 501 Aviation 502 Water transportation. . 503 Highways	161 455 572 659 -58	186 370 586 312 -281	179 349 647 356 -343	180 420 783 463 5	219 365 40 518 127	315 392 31 674 170 * 49	494 436 30 774 226	568 508 38
505 Postal service	525
506 Advancement of busi- ness . ..	265
508 Regulation of business.	137	45	38	41	45	58	59
Total, commerce and transportation	1,926	1,219	1.225	1.892	1.313	1.631	2,017	1.963
550 Housing and community development: 55 1 Aids to private housing. 552 Public housing 553 Urban renewal and community facilities 555 National Capital area..	310 29 45 12	-277 -401 37 14	174 -116 56 22	-67 31 4 23	-254 60 49 27	-126 51 78 26	732 97 108 33	-172 134 130 30
Total, housing and com- munity development..	396	-628	136	-10	-118	30	970	122
650 Health, labor, and wel- fare: 65 1 Health services and re- search	318 248 1.332 155	288 247 1.439 148	271 321 1.428 145	342 479 1.457 184	461 397 1.558 216	540 488 1.797 234	700 924 1,969 284	815
652 Labor and manpower.. 653 Public assistance 654 Other welfare services.	510 2.061 304
Total, health, labor, and welfare	2.052	2.122	2,165	2.462	2.632	3,059	3.877	3.690
700 Education: 701 Assistance for elemen- tary and secondary educa- tion	201 24 4 91	184 44 6 91	215 43 11 109	181 44 20 98	174 110 46 108	189 178 50 124	259 225 106 141	327
702 Assistance for higher education. .	261
703 Assistance to science education and basic re- search	120
704 Other aid to education.	156
Total, education.	320	326	377	343	437	541	732	866

See footnotes at end of table.

112

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table 14. BUDGET EXPENDITURES,	1953-60 (in millions of dollars) — Continued
Description	1953	1954	1955	1956	1957	1958	1959	I960
800 Veterans benefits and semces: 801 Veterans service-con- nected compensation 802 Veterans nonservice- connected pensions.. 803 Veterans readjustment benefits..	1.713 644 867 757 388	1.731 700 789 782 339	1.829 801 879 727 286	1.864 884 944 788 331	1.876 951 977 801 266	2,024 1.036 1,026 856 242	2.071 1,153 864 921 280	2,049 1.263 725
804 Veterans hospitals and medical care 805 Other veterans bene- fits and services	961 266
Total, veterans bene- fits and services	4.368	4.341	4.522	4.810	4.870	5.184	5,287	5.266
850 Interest: 851 Interest on the public debt	6.504 70 5	6.382 83 5	6.370 62 5	6.787 54 6	7,244 57 6	7,607 74 8	7.593 69 9	9.180
852 Interest on refunds of receipts	76
853 Interest on uninvested funds. ...	10
Total, interest	6.578	6.470	6.438	6.846	7.307	7,689	7.671	9.266
900 General government: 901 Legislative functions... 902 Judicial functions 903 Executive direction and management 904 Central fiscal opera- tions	48 29 11 442 190 387 174 183	49 29 11 449 157 93 186 253	60 31 12 431 168 96 185 183	76 38 12 475 173 304 220 278	90 40 12 476 201 602 219 100	89 44 19 502 245 84 233 69	102 47 21 566 295 95 255 86	109 49 20 558
905 General property and records management. 906 Central personnel man- agement . .	372 84
908 Protective services and alien control 910 Other general govern- ment	263 88
Total, general govern- ment	1.465	1,226	1.166	1.576	1,738	1,284	1.466	1.542
Subtotal	74.274 154	67.772 235	64.570 181	66.540 315	69.433 467	71 .936 567	80.697 355	77.233
Deduct interfund transactions.	694
Total budget expendi- tures -	74.120	67.537	64,389	66.224	68,966	71.369	80,342	76.539

*Lessthan one-half million dollars.

Note. — The historical data on this table corresponds to the revised functional classification used in table 13 (page 103} and elsewhere in this budget. A list of the major changes between this classi- fication and those used in the preceding budgets is available upon request from the Bureau of the Budget.

' Amounts shown include estimated comparability adjustments not supportable by accounting records.

PART 5

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY

113

610000 O— 62 8

EXPLANATION OF MAJOR STEPS IN FINANCING AGENCY

ACTIVITIES

NBW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND ITS USE

New obligational authority. — Government agencies are permitted to incur obligations, requiring either the current or future payment of money, only when they have been granted appropriations or other authority to do so by hiw. The amounts thus authorized by Congress, are called new obligational authority (NOA). Such authority must be related to the obligations expected to be incurred, rather than match the expenditures which are expected to be made during any fiscal year. In some cases NOA is requested and granted to fully finance a project (especially construction, research, or procurement) when it starts, even though the obligations will be spread over 2 or more years.

Most new obligational authority is granted year by year (current authorizations). Some new obligational authority permits additional sums to become available from time to time without further action by the Congress (permanent authorizations), either for an indefinite period or over a specified nimiber of years.

New obligational authority usually takes the form of appropriations wliich permit obligations to be incurred and expenditures to be made. Some is in the form of contract authorizations which permit obligations, but require an appropriation "to liquidate" in order to permit expenditures in payment of the obligations. There are also author- izations to expend from debt receipts; such NOA permits the use of borrowed money to incur obligations and make expenditures. Reap- propriations and reauthorizations are actions to continue available unused balances which would otherwise expire.

The amount of new obligational authority is usually named spe- cifically in the act of Congress which makes it available (definite authorizations), but in a few cases the amount is left indefinite to be determined by subsequent circumstances (indefinite authorizations); an example is the appropriation for interest on the public debt.

Obligations incurred. — ^Following the enactment of new obligational authority, obligations are to be incurred by Government agencies. Such obligations include the currently accruing liabilities for salaries and wages, certain contractual services, and interest; entering into contracts for equipment, construction, and land; approval of agree- ments to make loans; and other commitments requiring the future payment of money. In some cases obligations are incurred at the same time payments are made.

Budget expenditures. — Obligations are paid by the issuance of check or disbursement in cash, and in a few special cases by issuance of bonds or notes in lieu of checks. Budget expenditures consist of such pa^'ments from Federally owned funds, except for retirement of debt and purchase of the Government's own securities. 114

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY 115

DEDUCTION OF CERTAIN RECEIPTS IN DETERMINING EXPENDITURES

For two typos of Federal funds — public enterprise funds and intra- governniental funds — expenditures are stated net of receipts. If receipts exceed expenditures the diflVrence shows as a minus entry in the expenditure tal)l(>s. Because of the netting rule, receipts for these types of funds are not inchukMl witliin the figures for budget receipts.

For the otlier two types of Federal funds — the general fund and the special funds — receipts from the public are generally included within budget receipts, and deductions are made from expenditures only for some incidental collections from the public (usually called "reimburse- ments from non-Federal sources"). However, interagency and inter- account reimbursements are netted against expenditures to avoid double counting.

Some payments into miscellaneous receipts of the general fund are proper expenditures of some other Federal fund (for example, interest payments from a public enterprise fund into general fund receipts). These interfund transactions are shown as expenditures for the agencies and functions involved, but are deducted in identical amounts before arriving at total receipts and total expenditures in the affected summary tables.

(Note. — Trust and deposit fund transactions are not included in the conventional budget totals nor are they added into the analysis of new obligational authority and expenditures by agency in this part of the budget. For further information on the financial transactions of such funds, see special analysis A.)

NETTING IN DETERMINING OBLIGATIONS

Whenever expenditures are net of receipts or reimbursements for an account or an agency, obligations are similarly netted in the following tables (tables 15 and 16). NOA also takes account of the availability of such receipts and reimbursements, and is therefore on a basis which compares to obligations incurred so far as netting is concerned. More detailed schedules which supplement this volume state obligations in gross terms and show separately the receipts or reimbursements which are applicable.

BALANCES OF OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY

Not all of the obligational authority enacted for a fiscal year is spent in the same year. In the case of salaries and wages, only 2 to 3 w^eks elapse between the time of obligation and the time of expendi- ture. On the other hand, in the case of major procurement and construction, several >ears ni.ay elapse. Balances which have been obligated are always carried forward to cover the subsequent expendi- ture in paynient of such obligations.

Most appropriations for current operations are made available for obligation only within the year, and unobligated balances lapse at the end of the fiscal year (1-year appropriations). Some are for a specified longer period (multiple-year appropriations). Some, including most of those for construction and some for research, are made available by Congress until expended, and in such cases the unobligated bal- ances never lapse (no-year appropriations), but are carried forward until objectives have been completed.

116 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Therefore, a change in the amount of new obligational authority for a given year does not necessarily change either the obligations incurred or the budget expenditures in that same year by an equal amount. A change in new obligational authority in any one year may spread its effect over obligations for two or more years and over expenditures for even a longer period.

Balances carried forward from one year to the next are shown on tables 15 and 17, divided between obligated and unobligated. Table 15 also shows the unobligated balances lapsing upon the expiration of one-year and multiple-year accounts, and the adjustments in obli- gated balances which are required when the payment of such obliga- tions requires a different sum than originally reserved to meet the obligations.

ESTIMATES FOR 1962 AND 1963

Data j or 1962. — Congress has already acted on appropriations and other new obligational authority for fiscal year 1962, but additional, supplemental amounts are estimated to be required in certain cases. Where the word "enacted" is used in the budget in reference to 1962, the amounts are those already voted by Congress (including the amounts likely to be available in the case of appropriations made in an indefinite amount) or the expenditures thereunder, unless other- wise specifically indicated by a footnote. Where the word "estimate" is used, the amounts include both those enacted and needed supple- mentals.

Data for 1963. — This budget is complete as to the estimates for 1963 as now foreseen. The budget appendix generally includes the pro- posed appropriation language for the various items which are identified in the budget. However, in a few instances — mainly cases of proposed new legislation — estimates are included in the budget, but formal transmittal of the proposed text of the appropriation language (or other proposal) will be made later. In certain tables, these items for later transmittal and expenditures therefrom are identified in separate columns or by special footnotes; in tables where there is no such spe- cific identification, the estimate for 1963 is comprehensive, whether or not the necessary appropriation language is formally transmitted at this time.

Special allowances. — It is likely that some additional needs not now known will arise during the remainder of 1962 and 1963, and supplemental proposals will be transmitted to Congress when re- quired. A lump sum allowance is included in the summary tables of the budget to cover such items, and, in the case of 1963, a similar allowance covers pay adjustments for which the need is now foreseen, but which have not been spread by agency within the budget (except for the Post Office Department).

THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY

117

Table 15. RELATION OF AUTHORIZATIONS TO EXPENDITURES (In millions of dollars)

Description

New obligational authority.' (details on pages 118 to 266):

Current authorizations:

Appropriations

Reappropriations

Authorizations to expend from debt receipts

Contract authorizations

Permanent authorizations:

Appropriations -.

Reappropriations

Authorizations to expend from debt receipts

Contract authorizations

Total new obligational authority

Unobligated balances brought forward, start of year (table 1 7) .

Appropriations available in prior year ( — )

Appropriations available from subsequent year

Balances no longer available:

Unobligated balances lapsing (— )

Capital transfers from revolving funds to general fund (— )--

Unobligated balances carried forward, end of year ( — ) (table 17)

Obligations incurred, net (table 16)

Obligated balances brought forward, start of year (table 17)

Adjustments of obligated balances in expired accounts

Obligated balances carried forward, end of year (— ) (table 17).

Expenditures

Deduct interfund transactions. _

Budget expenditures

From new obligational authority

From balances of prior obligational authority.

1961 actual

70.845

171

2.878

2.146

9.653

30

295

658

86.675

37.572

-537

2.431

-221

-197

-40.612

85,111

34.899

-146

-37.695

82.169 654

81.515

81.515

1962 estimate

81.734

226

3.094

50

9.595

702 347

95.748

40.612

-2.431

661

-404

-186

-36.315

97.684

37.695

-276

-45.371

89,732 656

89.075

89.075

1963 estimate

87.784

21

464

86

9.996

684 268

99.303

36.315

-661

661

-133

-99

-32.698

102.687

45.371

-7

-54.822

93.230 693

92.537

64.455 28.081

Note. — This table summarizes and brings into relationship the totals from the various tabulations in part 5 of the budget. The types o( new obligational authority and the considerations involved in the various measures of Federal program are explained on pages 114 to 116.

' Excludes appropriations to liquidate contract authorizations: 1961, $590 million; 1962, $729 million; and 1963, $816 million.

118

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

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266

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63

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THE FEDERAL PROGRAM BY AGENCY

267

Table 16. OBLIGATIONS INCURRED, NET (in millions of dollars)

Description

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

Legislative Branch

The Judiciary -

Executive Office of the President

Funds appropriated to the President:

Foreign assistance — economic

Other

Department of Agriculture

Department of Commerce

Department of Defense:

Military

Civil

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

Department of the Interior

Department of Justice

Department of Labor

Post Office Department

Department of State

Treasury Department

Atomic Energy Commission

Federal Aviation Agency

General Services Administration

Housing and Home Finance Agency

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Veterans Administration

Other independent agencies

District of Columbia

Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies.

Total obligations incurred, net

127 52 73

2,063

88

7,618

603

44,288

978

3,916

833

291

831

874

298

9.959

2,636

668

409

781

909

5,414

1.351

50

85.111

137 59 26

3.112

109

7.255

745

52,512

1,077

4,790

973

295

567

865

422

10,011

2,981

727

616

1.699

1.860

5.548

1.105

90

100

97.684

136 63 23

3.489 194

6.736 851

53.215

1.085

6.313

1,124

306

444

265

366

10.454

2,987

827

686

2.256

3.797

5.329

1.194

85

462

102.687

Note. — This table reflects the net obligations incurred, as explained on pages 114 to 116. Net obligations are determined by deducting from the gross obligations the applicable receipts of public enterprise funds and intragovernmental funds, and the reimbursements to general fund and special fund appropriations.

268

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table 17. BALANCES OF OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY (in millions of dollars)

Description

BY AGENCY

Legislative Branch

The Judiciary

Executive Office of the President

Funds appropriated to the President:

Foreign assistance — economic

Other

Department of Agriculture

Department of Commerce

Department of Defense:

Military

Civil

Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare

Department of the Interior

Department of Justice

Department of Labor

Post Office Department

Department of State

Treasury Department

Atomic Energy Commission

Federal Aviation Agency

General Services Administration

Housing and Home Finance Agency

National Aeronautics and Space Ad- ministration

Veterans Administration

Other independent agencies

District of Columbia

Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies

Total balances.

BY TYPE OF AUTHORIZATION

Appropriations

Authorizations to expend from debt

receipts

Contract authorizations

Revolving and management funds

Total balances

Start 1961

Obli- gated

82

3 41

2,263 168

1,271 389

21.845 242

1,026

257

14

9

366

50

114

1,206

370

166

2,805

273

267

1,675

Un- obli- gated

44

34,899

28.119

4,453 1,092 1,236

34,899

5

502 5,917

2.445 217

11,181 107

199

167

13

3

7

43 268 183 148 130 6,132

97

368

9,314

81

Start 1962- End 1961

Obli- gated

37.572

10,685

21,287

808

4,792

37,572

72

4

41

2,521 179

2,958 493

21.358 248

1,237

288

20

7

326

87

115

1,129

396

188

3,084

437

278

2.230

Un- obli- gated

37,695

28,377

6.794 1,133 1,392

37,695

1,051

5,910

2.226

478

9,934 106

242

152

18

223

7

44 278 334 164 201 9,762

154 527 8,646 11

Start 1963— End 1962

Obli- gated

40,612

10.237

21,918 2.979

5.478

40.612

44 4 4

3,698

52

3.036

589

25,374 309

1.557

390

17

12

339

56

153

1,280

415

303

3,843

998

274

2,600

Un- obli- gated

26

End 1963

Obli- gated

25

45.371

33.714

7.512

1.237 2.908

45.371

254

8,026

836

457

7.300 31

216 102

16

296

7

31 261

167

188 8.826

121

540

8.539

75

36.315

6.982

21.849 2,569 4.916

28

4.948

60

3,063

625

28,889 324

2,685

483

19

70

343

85

176

1.387

461

411

4.715

2.395

319

3,189

137

54.822

36.315

41.262

8.681 1.278 3.601

54.822

Un- obli- gated

20

161

8.021

478

294

5.726

173 50 15

299

7

14

260

131

86

7.495

111

706

8.584

53

32.698

5.387

20.295 2.036 4.980

32.698

Note. — For explanation of balances carried forward, see pages 114 to 116.

PART 6

SPECIAL ANALYSES

269

Special Analysis A TRUST FUND OPERATIONS AND STATUS

Trust receipts are estimated at $27.5 billion in 1963, and trust expenditures are estimated at $26.6 billion. This represents a sig- nificant increase over the 1962 levels, as indicated in the following table (in millions of dollars) :

TOTAL TRUST FUND TRANSACTIONS

1961 1962 1963

Receipts 23,807 24,545 27,506

Expenditures 23,239 25,574 26,650

Net accumulation 568 -1,029 857

Borrowing from the public —66 856 475

Balance as of June 30 53,816 53,643 54,975

U.S. securities (49,849) (49,729) (51,199)

Open book accounts.-.- (3.967) (3,914) (3,776)

Increase or decrease ( — ) in cash balances 212 —53 —138

Trust funds are those funds which are held in a fiduciary capacity by the Government. Wliile the budget totals do not include the transactions of the trust funds, several important parts of the Gov- ernment's program are carried out through trust funds, particularly those for labor, welfare, and highway activities.

Deposit funds are somewhat similar to trust funds. They account for monies that are either held in suspense temporarily, or held by the Government as banker or agent for others.

Table A-1. TRUST FUND OPERATIONS AND STATUS (in millions of dollars)

Description

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

TRUST FUND RECEIPTS

Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund:

Employment taxes

Deposits by States

1 nterest on investments

Payment for military service credits

Other

Federal disability insurance trust fund:

Employment taxes

Deposits by States

1 nterest on investments

Payment for military service credits

Health insurance for the aged (proposed legislation)

Unemployment trust fund:

Deposits by States

Federal unemployment taxes

Railroad unemployment insurance account:

Employment taxes

Other receipts

Advance from revolving fund

Interest on investments

Proposed legislation

Advances from general fund for temporary unemploy- ment compensation

(11.910)

10,623

755

530

(12,252) 10,972 757 521

1

(1.093)

963

69

61

2

(1.116)

977

69

70

(14,231)

12,780

837

534

79

1

1.175)

,029

70

75

(I

(3,805)

2.398

346

153

154

52

204

(3.584)

2.400

476

154

92

-52

172

42

(4.154)

2.600

976

163 64

187 155

499

342

270

SPECIAL ANALYSES

271

Table A-1 . TRUST FUND OPERATIONS AND STATUS (in millions of dollars)— Con.

Description

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

TRUST FUND RECEIPTS-Continued

Railroad retirement account:

Employment taxes

I nterest and profits on investments

Repayment of advances to Railroad unemployment

insurance account

Payment fiom OASI trust fund

Payment from Federal disability insurance trust fund__

Other . -- -

Proposed legislation: Military service credits

Federal employees retirement funds:

Deductions from employees' salaries

Payments from other funds:

Employing agency contributions

Federal contributions

Voluntary contributions, donations, etc

Interest and profits on investments

Highway trust fund:

Excise taxes

Interest on investments

Proposed legislation

Veterans life insurance funds:

Premiums and other receipts

Payments from general and special funds

Interest on investments

Foreign Assistance Act, advances

Indian tribal funds

District of Columbia

All other trust funds

Subtotal

Deduct interfund transactions.

Total, trust fund receipts

TRUST FUND EXPENDITURES

Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund:

Benefit payments ,

Administrative expenses and construction

Refunds of tax receipts

Payment to Railroad Retirement Board

Federal disability insurance trust fund:

Benefit payments

Administrative expenses — reimbursement to Federal

old-age and survivors insurance

Other

Unemployment trust fund:

Withdrawals by States

Railroad unemployment benefit payments

Administrative expenses

Temporary extended unemployment compensation:

Benefits

Repayment of general fund advances

Repayment of advances to Railroad retirement trust

fund

Proposed legislation

Other

Railroad retirement account:

Benefit payments

Administrative expenses

Advances to Railroad unemployment insurance account

(1.051) 571 111

31

332

5

(2,033) 847

846

46

12

281

(2.925)

2.923

2

(725) 503 9 213 228 137 281 133

24.322 515

23.807

(11.839) 11.185 236 86 332 (756) 704

34

18

(4,736)

3,558

252

398

^91

31

6

(1.124)

982

10

132

(1.110) 597 120

40

340

10

2

(2.063) 869

866

14

315

(3.136)

3.132

4

(744) 520 8 216 445 79 357 132

25.018 473

24.545

(13,328) 12,625 254 109 340 (1,076) 990

62 23

(3,844)

2.840

190

425

337 2

40

9

(1,126)

1,050

10

66

(1.188) 624 120

40

375

10

4 16

(2.128) 866

866

14

382

(3.383)

3.391

4

-12

(743)

518

8

217

395

54

390

121

28,005 498

27.506

(14.282)

13.538

258

111

375

(1.160)

1.073

64

24

(3.897)

2.600

165

437

495

40

150

10

(1.144)

1,080

10

55

272

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table A-1 . TRUST FUND OPERATIONS AND STATUS (in millions of dollars)— Con.

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
TRUST FUND EXPEND ITURES-Continued Federal employees funds: Retirement funds Employees health benefits fund, net Employees life insurance fund, net Retired employees health benefits fund. net.	(879) 955 -23 -51 -2 (2.745) 2.619 I 126	(1.022) 1.063 -10 -31	(1.109) 1.172 -12 -50
Highway trust fund: Federal-aid highways Interest on advances from general fund	(3.161) 3.026	(3.385) 3.250
Refunds of taxes _-_ _-_ _	135	133
Improvement of the Pentagon road network	2
Veterans life insurance funds	801 -89 191 137 303 331	749 856 329 62 360 136	674
Federal National Mortgage Association trust fund, net Foreign Assistance Act, advances. - . . .	470 335
Indian tribal funds . . _.	70
District of Columbia funds Deposit funds and all other trust funds. . .	379 244
Subtotal . .	23.754 515	26.047 473	27.148
Deduct interfund transactions ...	498
Total, trust fund expenditures	23.239	25.574	26.650

TRUST FUND EXPENDITURES BY FUNCTION

National defense

International affairs and finance

Agriculture and agricultural resources

Natural resources

Commerce and transportation

Housing and community development

Health, labor, and welfare

Education

Veterans benefits and services

General government

Deposit funds, net

Subtotal

Deduct interfund transactions

Total, trust fund expenditures

196

13

21

183

2.779

214

19.334

1

811

16

186

23.754 515

23.239

334

12

22

112

3.199

1,217

20.396

1

760

19

-23

26,047 473

25.574

340

22

25

117

3,397

849

21,592

1

683

17

105

27,148 498

26,650

MAJOR TRUST FUND PROGRAMS

Payments from one trust fund to another have been inckided in the detail of table A-1 but are deducted on the lines for "interfund transactions" before arriving at the total of that table.

Social Security, Railroad, and other Federal programs for retirement, disability, or death. — ^The Federal old-age and survivors insurance, the Federal disability insurance, the Railroad retirement account, and the Federal employees trust funds provide insurance against the loss of income due to retirement, disability or death. Payments aie made primarily from monies derived from payroll taxes on employers, em- ployees, and the self-employed. Receipts not immediately needed for benefit outlays are invested in securities of the Federal Government and earn interest, while a deficit is financed by cashing holdings of such securities. The first two trust funds are authorized by the Social

SPECIAL ANALYSES 273

Security Act of 1935, as amended, and comprise the Federal old-age, survivors, and disability insurance (OASDI) program. The 1961 amendments to the Social Security Act liberalized the insured status requirements for benefits, provided actuarially reduced benefits for men between 62 and 65 years of age, increased minimum benefits and aged widows' benefits, and provided a more liberal retirement test for beneficiaries. As a result of the amendments, 1 million additional beneficiaries will be on the rolls at the end of 1963, bringing the total number of persors receiving benefits to 18.7 million.

Expenditures of the OASDI trust funds are expected to increase by over $1 billion in 1963 because of the normal year-to-year growth of the program and the liberalized eligibility standards and higher benefit rates instituted by the 1961 amendments. However, total OASDI receipts will be at the same level as expenditures in 1963 because of: (a) the increase in the tax rates paid by both employees and employers from 3% to 3J^% on each effective January 1, 1962, (b) the further increase from 33^% to 3^% effective January 1, 1963, and (c) the increase in the number of persons paying into the fund. The increased tax rates in 1962 and 1963 are estimated to add an additional $1,385 million in revenues to the OASI trust fund in 1963.

Legislation has been proposed to provide a program of health insur- ance for the aged under the social security s\stem, including an increase in the tax rate and tlie covered wage base to finance the new benefits. Revenues from this program are estimated to amount to $42 million in 1963. There will be no expenditures in 1963 because benefits will not be payable until tlie following year.

The railroad retirement system is closely coordinated with the OASDI system and serves as a combined social insurance and staff retirement system for workers in the railroad industry. The increase in receipts to this trust fund in 1962 and 1963 is mainly due to the increase in the combined employer-employee tax rate from 13^% to 143/^%, effective January 1, 1962.

Most Federal civilian workers are covered under either the Civil Service Retirement Act or the Foreign Service Retirement Act. Since 1957, Armed Forces personnel have been covered under both the OASDI system (on a contributory basis) and under the military retire- ment system (financed directly from appropriated budget funds).

The following table indicates the number of individuals receiving monthly benefits from these trust funds at the end of each fiscal year (in thousands):

Federal Citil

old-age service

	artd	Federal	Railroad	and
	aurvicors	disability	retirement	foreign
	insurance	insurance	account	serOice
Retired individuals: '
1961 actual .	10.744 12,124		464 482	285
1 962 estimate	309
1963 estimate	12,826		500	335
Disabled individuals and their dependents:
1961 actual. . ..	110 126	898 1.120	99 102	112
1 962 estimate	123
1963 estimate	142	1.303	105	135
Survivors: ^
1961 actual _	3.873 4.190		262 271	163
1962 estimate	177
1963 estimate	4.438		280	193

' Includes wives under retirement age who have children in their care under OASI. ' Includes children of retired workers under OASI.

610000 O -62 - 18

274 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Unemployment trust fund. — Unemployment insurance was also initiated for most workers by the Social Security Act, and for railroad workers by the Railroad UnemplojTnent Insurance Act. Payroll taxes paid by employers are deposited in the unemployment trust fund. The States and the Railroad Retirement Board draw upon this fund to pay weekly benefits to eligible unemployed workers. The administrative expenses of these two systems are paid from earmarked Federal tax receipts.

State payroll taxes averaged about 2% in 1961 and the average is expected to increase from 2% in 1962 to 2.1% in 1963 as States replen- ish the drains on their reserve funds from the recession. It is esti- mated that the higher rates in 1963 will increase receipts by $124 million. The permanent Federal tax to finance administrative ex- penses and loans to States is 0.4% of the first $3,000 of wages. This rate was increased teinporarily to 0.8% on January 1, 1962, and will be effective for 2 years in order to repay the Treasurv for advances made in 1961 and 1962 for extended benefits under the Temporary Extended Unemployment Compensation Act of 1961; increased revenue from this tax is estimated to be $484 million in 1963. Railroad taxes were also increased temporarily to finance extended benefits under that program.

In 1961 and 1962, a total of $828 million will be paid througli the trust fund for federally extended unemployment compensation payments under temporary recession programs. These programs were financed initially by advances from the Treasury and will be repaid in 1962, 1963, and 1964 from additional trust fund revenue resulting from a temporar}^ increase of 0.4% in the Federal unemploy- ment tax discussed above. These repayments are estimated to be $2 million in 1962 and $495 million in 1963 including repayments of funds used in the Railroad temporary extended benefits program.

While benefit pavments are expected to decline substantially in 1963 because of lower unemployment of insured, expenditures from the fund will be $0.1 billion higher because the repayment of advances from the Treasury for extended benefit pa>Tnents made in 1961 and 1962 are greater than the decline in benefit payments. Receipts will increase by $0.6 billion in 1963 primarily because the temporary Fed- eral tax to finance the extended program will be collected.

Legislation has been proposed to improve the Federal-State un- employment insurance system by increasing the amount of benefits, extending duration of unemplojTuent compensation to workers having a long record of employment and on a standby basis extending dura- tion for all workers in recessions, closing gaps in coverage, and providing for a more equitable distribution of the tax burden among employers.

An amendment to legislation submitted in 1962 will be transn\itted to permit States voluntarily to repay advances made for extended benefits during the 1958 recession, whenever they are in a position to do so, without losing the interest these amounts would earn in the unemployment trust fund. These repayments would be available to finance the proposed extended benefits in 1963.

Veterans life insurance. — The trust accounts in the Veterans Ad- ministration consist mainly of two life instu-ance programs: the National service life insurance ftmd for veterans of World War II

SPECIAL ANALYSES 275

and the United States Government life insurance fund for veterans of World War I.

Both funds are operated largely on a commercial basis. As of June 30, 1961, the funds represented about 5.5 million policies in force at a value of $35 billion. Receipts come from premiums, transfers from budgeted funds of the Federal Government to cover losses resulting from war hazards, and interest on investments. Payments from the funds are made for dividends, death and disa- bility claims, and for terminations of policies in force.

Dividend payments of $79 million, which would ordinarily have been made in 1962, were accelerated into the second half of 1961 in order to help speed economic recovery. An additional special dividend of $181 million was disbursed in late 1961 and early 1962. In 1963 an estimated $184 million will be paid in dividends and $490 million in death and disability claims and other expenses.

Highway trust jund. — Receipts from certain excise taxes on m.otor fuels, tires, innertubes, tread rubber, and trucks, and from vehicle use taxes are deposited into this fund to finance expenditures for Federal-aid highways.

The Highway Act of 1961 increased rates on certain of these taxes, canceled the previously scheduled transfer to the trust fund of a portion of the revenues from the excise taxes on the sale of automo- biles and automotive parts and accessories, and extended the trust fund to September 30, 1972. The act continued gasoline and diesel fuel taxes at 4 cents a gallon, increased taxes as of July 1, 1961, on tires and innertubes to 10 cents per pound, tread rubber to 5 cents per pound, and the use tax on highway vehicles of more than 26,000 pounds gross weight to $3 per thousand pounds per year. The act also provided for transfer of all the present 10 percent excise tax on trucks, buses, etc., to the fund after June 30, 1962.

Trust fund receipts in 1963 are estimated to increase by $247 million primarily as a result of the transfer of all the manufacturers' excise tax on trucks, buses, etc., to the trust fund. Net trust expendi- tures in 1963 are estimated to increase by $224 million as a result of acceleration of the interstate program.

Federal National Mortgage Association secondary market opera- tions.— In the secondary market part of its operations the Association buys and sells federally insured or guaranteed mortgages at prices prevailing in the market and lends on the security of such mortgages. These operations are self-supporting in accordance with statutory objectives. Funds required for mortgage purchases in 1963 will be obtained: (a) from private sources through the sale of the Associa- tion's debentures; (b) through mortgage sales and repayments; (c) through the sale of common stock which all mortgage sellers are required to purchase ; and (d) by sale of preferred stock to the Treas- ury, in accordance with the statutory requirement that the Association maintain a minimum ratio of capital to debt of 1 to 10. Net trust expenditures are estimated to decrease by $386 million in 1963 as a result of reduced mortgage purchases and slightly increased sales of mortgages held by the Association.

Foreign assistance trust funds. — Funds are advanced by foreign governments (a) to meet required contract payments covering the purchases of defense articles and services, (b) to procure general commodities, and (c) to pay a portion of local costs of development

276

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

programs. These funds are administered by the Department of Defense and the Agency for International Development. Expendi- tures for 1963 are estimated to continue at the 1962 level.

District of Columbia funds. — The revenues generated by the District of Columbia taxes are held in trust by the Treasury Department. These funds are utilized for operating expenses of the District of Columbia as appropriated by the Congress.

Indian tribal funds. — Funds held in trust for Indian tribes are used for expenses of administering tribal affairs, operation of tribal enter- prises, and relief of Indians.

BASIS OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES

The receipts and expenditure figures above are generally on a gross basis. However, deposit funds are stated on a net expenditure basis, as are a small group of trust funds known as trust revolving funds. For the trust revolving funds, only the net expenditures have been included above. The gross figures for these latter funds are as follows:

Table A-2. EXPENDITURES AND APPLICABLE RECEIPTS OF TRUST RE- VOLVING FUNDS (in millions of dollars)

Description	GROSS EXPEND- ITURES	RECEIPTS FROM OPERATIONS
	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Civil Service Commission (Employees life insurance and health benefits)	375 690 44	428 1.233 41	469 1.024 38	451 779 41	469 377 39	532
Federal National Mortgage Association. __ All other trust revolving funds	554 36
Total, trust revolving funds	1.109	1.702	1.531	1.270	885	1.122

BORROWING FROM THE PUBLIC

Borrowing from the public and repayments are not included in receipt and expenditure data. Two trust funds — ^the Federal National Mortgage Association, and the D.C. Armory Board stadium fund — currently engage in such borrowing transactions. Transactions of this type are as follows:

Table A-3. TRUST FUND BORROWING FROM THE PUBLIC (in millions of dollars)

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Federal National Mortgage Association trust fund District of Columbia municipal government funds	-86 19	856	475
Total, trust fund borrowing from the public	-66	856	475

SPECIAL ANALYSES

277

INVESTMENTS AND BALANCES

Most of the larger trust funds and some of the smaller ones have authority to invest their balances in interest-bearing securities issued by the Government. Purchases of securities, net of redemptions, are as follows:

Table A-4. TRUST FUND PURCHASES OF U.S. SECURITIES (in millions of dollars)

Description

Federal disability insurance trust fund

Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund-

Federal employees funds

Railroad retirement account

Unemployment trust fund

Veterans life insurance funds

Highway trust fund

Federal National Mortgage Association trust fund_ . District of Columbia municipal government funds. All other trust funds

Total, trust fund purchases of U.S. securities

289

1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
285	39	38
-225	-895	68
1.122	1.041	1.015
-78	-22	19
-952	-250	251
-79	7	70
233 *	-10 5	-2 5
-4	-5	10
-11	-31	-5

-120

.470

*Less than one- half million dollars.

The remaining balances of trust funds are treated as "open book balances" by Treasury. A few of these earn interest. The total trust fund balances (the open book balances plus the investments in U.S. securities) are as follows:

Table A-5. TRUST FUND BALANCES (in millions of dollars)

Description

As of June 30

1960 1961

1962 IM)

Federal old-age and survivors insurance trust fund

Federal disability insurance trust fund

Unemployment trust fund

Railroad retirement account

Federal employees funds

Highway trust fund

Veterans life insurance funds

Federal National Mortgage Association trust fund. All other trust funds

Total

20.829

2.167

6.683

3.916

10.267

119

6.923

59

2,352

20,900

2.504

5.753

3.843

11.420

299

6.847

62

2.188

19.825

2.544

5.493

3,827

12,462

274

6.843

62

2.313

19.774 2.559 5.750 3.871 13,482 272 6,912 68 2.287

53.314

53.816

53.643

54.975

SUMMARY OF FINANCL\L OPERATIONS

The transactions of trust funds are one of the factors affecting the change in the ptiblic debt. This effect is summarized in the follow- ing table. The amounts of the final line are carried forward to table 8.

278

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table A-6. CHANGES IN TRUST FUND CASH (in millions of dollars)

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Trust fund receipts . _ _ _.	23.807	24.545 120 856	27.506
Trust fund redemption of U.S. securities. - _ . ..
Trust fund borrowing from the public. .		475
Total additions to cash held for trust funds	23.807	25.521	27.981
Trust fund expenditures. .	23.239 289 66	25.574	26.650
Trust fund purchases of U.S. securities	1.470
Trust fund repayment of borrowings from the public
Total reductions in cash held for trust funds	23.595	25,574	28.119
Increase or decrease (— ) in cash held for trust funds	212	-53	-138

HISTORICAL COMPARISON OF EXPENDITURES

Trust fund expenditures are distributed on a functional basis for 1953-60 in the following table. The amounts of each function be- come a part of the data shown in special analysis B.

Table A-7. TRUST FUND EXPENDITURES, 1953-60 (in millions of dollars)

Description	1953	1954	1955	1956	1957	1958	1959	I960
National defense _ _ _ _	126 51 21 40 2 144 4.592 1 669 19 95 -471	146 101 18 45 I 153 6,077 1 779 9	165 44 20 61 1 87 7,474 1 628 6	144 -29 24 79 3 297 8,063 1 606 8	93 13 168 69 970 1.168 9.643 1 608 8	345 -1 241 101 1.606 333 12.850 1 671 9	229 21 83 94 2,714 409 14,390 1 651 10	256
International affairs and fi- nance Agriculture and agricultural resources Natural resources Commerce and transportation ' Housing and community de- velopment Health, labor, and welfare Education Veterans benefits and services . General government Adjustment to daily Treasury statement basis	48 21 116 3.069 1.258 16.447 1 673 16
Deposit funds, net 2	-560	58	239	219	-88	-6	-107
Subtotal Deduct interfund transactions.	5.288 7	6,769 18	8,546 16	9.434 12	12.961 10	16,069 11	18,597 135	21.799 908
Total	5.281	6,751	8,531	9.422	12.951	16,059	18.462	20,891

' Reflects shift of Federal aid highway program to trust fund in 1957.

2 Excludes deposit funds of certain Government-sponsored enterprises which have been distributed to the appropriate function above.

Special Analysis B RECEIPTS FROM AND PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC

Tliis analysis presents information on Federal receipts from and pa}Tnents to tlie public, often called the consolidated cash statement of Federal transactions. (Another way of looking at Federal finances is that of the national-income accounts, presented in Special Analysis

The statement of Federal receipts from payments to the public is designed to sliow the flow of mone>' (excluding borrowing) between the Federal Government and the public. To derive this statement from the conventional budget figures, three basic adjustments are made: (1) receipts and expenditures of Federal trust funds and Government-sponsored enterprises, neither of which are federally owned, are added; (2) intragovernmental transactions (that is, those completely within the accounts of the budget, trust funds, and Government-sponsored enterprises) are eliminated since they do not involve any flow of money with the public; (3) adjustments to place a limited number of noncash transactions on a cash basis are necessary, because budget and trust accounts record a few trans- actions as receipts or expenditures when in fact no cash transfers have taken place. For example, the interest on savings bonds is considered a budget expenditure as it accrues, but is not included as a payment to the public until it is paid.

Comparison with budget.- — Receipts in the consolidated cash state- ment include all budget receipts. In addition, they include the excises that support the Highway trust fund, as well as employ- ment taxes, deposits by States for unemployment insurance, and veterans life insurance premiums, all of which support trust funds.

It is because of the growth of trust funds in recent years that Federal cash receipts from the public have increased at a faster rate than budget receipts. Employment tax receipts, mainly for old-age, survivors, and disability insurance, have increased very substantially in tlie past decade particularly (about threefold between 1953 and 1963), as have deposits by States for unemployment insurance (by an estimated 90% from 1953 to 1963). Both of these increases reflect, among other factors, the long-term, increase in the employee working force, more complete coverage of the respective programs, and increased tax rates.

279

280

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table B-1. RECEIPTS FROM AND PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC, 1961-1963

(in millions of dollars)

Description

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

RECEIPTS FROM THE PUBLIC

Individual income taxes

Corporation income taxes

Excise taxes

Employment taxes

Estate and gift taxes

Customs

Deposits by States, unemployment insurance.

Veterans life insurance premiums

Other budget and trust receipts

Total, receipts from the public

PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC

National defense

International affairs and finance

Space research and technology

Agriculture and agricultural resources

Natural resources

Commerce and transportation

Housing and community development

Health, labor, and welfare

Education

Veterans benefits and services

Interest

General government

Deposit funds, net

Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies

Expenditures by agencies, as employers, for Federal em- ployees retirement (— )

Deduction from Federal employees' salaries for retire- ment (— )

Increase (— ) or decrease in clearing account for outstand- ing checks, etc

Total, payments to the public

Excess of receipts (+) or payments (— ).

41.338

20,954

11,986

12.502

1.896

982

2.398

504

4.682

97,242

47,685

2.153

744

5.183

2.103

5.107

-103

22.364

945

6.187

7.257

1.723

186

-887 -841 -279

99.528

-2.286

45.000

21,300

12,759

13,022

2,090

1.215

2.400

520

4.317

102.623

51.534 3.181 1.300 6.383 2.210 5.860 1.809

24,161 1,144 6,281 6.914 1.927 -23 75

-860

-863

113

111.147

-8.524

49.300

26.600

13.335

15.409

2.325

1.320

2.600

518

5.206

116.614

53.030 2.935 2.400 5.812 2.396 5.677 1.559

25.940 1.472 5.918 7.121 2.042 105 350

-860

-860

-234

114.804

+1.810

The largest single difference between budget expenditures and payments to the public occurs in programs for health, labor, and wel- fare. Payments to the public for this function are about five times as great as budget expenditures, reflecting the expenditures of the social security trust fund, the railroad retirement account, and unemploy- ment insurance, all of which are trust fund financed. Payments to the public for housing and community development are considerably

SPECIAL ANALYSES

281

higlier than budget expenditures in the fiscal years 1962 and 1963, primarily because the net expenditures ol' both the Federal National Mortgage Association trust fund and the Federal liome loan banks are payments to the public wliich are not in the administrative budget. Commerce and transportation payments to the public are larger than budget expenditures, mainly because of the inclusion in the former of the expenditures of the Highway trust fund.

In contrast, Federal payments to the public for interest are sub- stantially less than budget expenditures. This is because much of the budget expenditures for interest (about $2.3 billion is estimated for 196.3) is paid to trust funds on their holdings of Government securities; since these interest payments are intragovernmental expenditures and do not result in any flow of money to the public, they are deducted from budget expenditures and trust fund receipts in deriving payments to the public.

Table B-2. DERIVATION OF RECEIPTS FROM AND PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC (in millions of dollars)

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

RECEIPTS FROM THE PUBLIC

Budget receipts (table 1)

Trust fund receipts (table 4)

Less —

Intragovernmental transactions

Receipts from exercise of monetary authority

Receipts from the public

PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC

Budget expenditures (table 1)

Trust fund expenditures (table 4)

Government-sponsored enterprise expenditures (net)

Less —

Intragovernmental transactions

Accrued interest and other noncash adjustments (net)

Payments to the public

Excess of receipts (+) or payments (— )

77.659 23,807

4.169 55

82.100 24,545

3.955 67

97.242

102,623

81,515

23,239

-236

4,169 821

89,075

25,574

514

3,955 61

99.528

111.147

-2.286

-8,524

93,000 27,506

3,853 40

16,614

92,537

26,650

309

3,853 838

114,804

+ 1.810

DERIVATION

The derivation of the consolidated cash statement is outlined in table B-2. Additional information is contained in a booklet entitled "Receipts From and Payments to the Public, Supporting Tables and Supplementary Information," which is available on request from the Bureau of the Budget. This booklet includes the detailed derivation of receipts from and payments to the public, and also pr-'sents a reconciliation of net cash borrowing from the public with the change in the public debt.

282

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table B-3. RECEIPTS FROM AND PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC, 1953-1960

(in millions of dollars)

Description

1953 actual

1954 actual

1955 actual

1956 actual

1957 actual

1958 actual

1959 actual

I960 actual

RECEIPTS FROM THE PUBLIC

Individual income taxes

Corporation income taxes

Excise taxes

Employment taxes

Estate and gift taxes

Customs

Deposits by States, unemploy- ment insurance

Veterans life insurance pre- miums

Other budget and trust receipts .

Total, receipts from the public

PAYMENTS TO THE PUBLIC

National defense

International affairs and finance- Space research and technology.. Agriculture and agricultural

resources

Natural resources

Commerce and transportation.. Housing and community de- velopment

Health, labor, and welfare

Education

Veterans benefits and services..

Interest '

General government

Deposit funds (net)

Undistributed items and other adjustments ^

Total, payments to the public

Excess of receipts (+) or pay- ments (— )

30,108

21,238

9,868

4,980

881

596

1,371

428 2,027

29,542

21,101

9,945

5,423

934

542

1.246

426 2.468

28,747

17,861

9.131

6,217

924

585

1.146

441 2.783

32.188

20,880

9.929

7,294

1,161

682

1.330

441 3.183

35.620

21,167

10.534

7.578

1.365

735

1.542

452 3.115

34.724

20,074

10.728

8.641

1.393

782

1.501

485 3.565

36.719

17.309

10.675

8,850

1.333

925

1.701

477 3.671

40.715 21.494 11.780 11.156 1,606 1.105

2.167

481

4.574

71.495

71.626

67.836

77.087

82.105

81.892

81.660

95.078

50.586

2,217

79

2,967 1,513 1,857

417 6.544

321 4.953 4.706 1.160 -471

-75

47.138

1.692

90

2.619 1.359 1.136

-1.004 8.077 327 5.043 4.620 1.202 -560

-315

40,852

2,043

74

4,401 1,259 1,148

310 9,478

378

5,116

4,664

1.141

58

-384

40.854

1.623

71

4.979 1.177 1.796'

401 10.245

344 5.329 5.115 1.349

239

-909

43.435

2.634

76

4,644 1,361 2.209

. 851 12.100 \ 438 5.449 5.264 l.!2I7 219

109

44.553

2.650

89

4.347 1.639 3.060

-302 15,748 542 5.826 5.883 1.293

-1.831

46.681

2,397

145

7,052 1.751 4.536

2.161

18,006

733

5,909

5,351

1,475

-6

-1,391

45.914

1.575

401

4.877 1.824 4.819

1.451 19.107 867 5.908 7.463 1.556 -107

-1.355

76.769

71.423

70,537

72.614

80.006

83.412

94.804

94.301

-5.274

+203

-2.70H4.473+2.099

■1.520

13,144

+777

1 Since 1954, includes adjustment for change in public debt interest checks, coupons, and accruals outstanding.

2 Includes contributions by agencies and deductions from Federal employees' salaries for retire- ment, changes in the clearing account, and other adjustments.

Special Analysis C FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN THE NATIONAL-INCOME ACCOUNTS

Data on Government financial transactions are used for many pur- poses. No single set of accounts can serve all purposes equally well. As a result, various accounting concepts have been developed to meet alternative needs. Three of them are used in this document.

The first of these, the conventional budget, often called the admin- istrative budget, records only the receipts and expenditures of funds owned wholly by the Federal Government. Although budget docu- ments placed before the Congress have regularly included both Federally owned funds and funds the Government holds in trust, only the former have been used to calculate the budget totals. Thus, the receipts and expenditures of the trust funds, which in the past consisted primarily of insurance-type operations, have been excluded from the budget totals since 1930. In more recent years, the re- ceipts and expenditures of these funds have grown considerably, and new trust funds have been created, some of which are not insur- ance funds (e.g., the Highway trust fund). As a consequence, the total flow of financial transactions between the public and the Federal Government is substantially larger than shown in the administrative budget.

A second of these concepts, the consolidated cash statement, has been developed to measure total Federal cash receipts from and payments to the public. This statement and its relationship to the administra- tive budget are discussed in Special Analysis B. In brief, the consolidated cash statement differs from the administrative budget on both the receipt and expenditure sides, pnncipally by including the transactions of the trust funds and excluding transactions between the trust funds and the administrative budget. The result measures the Government's cash transactions with the public. Since it fur- nishes comprehensive totals of cash transactions, the consolidated cash statement is valuable for determining Government financing and net borrowing requirements and for analyzing the financial impact of the Government's overall program.

A third method for recording Federal transactions has been de- veloped for incorporation into the national-income accounts. The Federal sector account in the national-income framework measures the direct impact of Federal taxing and spending on the flow of the Nation's income and output. The numerous conceptual differences between this sector and the two other methods of expressing Federal transactions are discussed in detail below. Its major characteristics, however, can be briefly summarized:

(1) In general, like the consolidated cash statement, the Federal sector account is more comprehensive than the administrative budget in that it includes the transactions of the trust funds. However, like all sectors of the national-income accounts, it records only those receipts and expenditures which directly affect the current income and output of the Nation. Therefore, it excludes such transactions as

283

284 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63

loans and repayment of loans, which do not directly affect the income of the recipient (even though they do affect liquidity) .

(2) Both the administrative budget and consolidated cash statement record tax receipts as they are collected The national -income accounts record business taxes when they are accrued as liabilities by the private sector, since the main economic impact of these taxes is considered to be more closely associated with the accrual of liabilities than with their actual cash collection. Corporations, for example, accrue tax liabilities as they accrue profits, and subtract these liabili- ties from profits to calculate their profits after tax The taxes are paid, however, after a lag which averages a little more than 6 months. During periods of economic recovery, such as the present when incomes are rising rapidly, tax collections will be substantially less than tax accruals.

THE NATIONAL-INCOME .\CCOUNTS

The national-income accounts, developed and prepared by the Department of Commerce's Office of Business Economics, is a dual entry accounting system for making estimates of the Nation's total economic activity.'

The output side of these accounts depicts the total market value of the currently produced output of goods and services, classified by type of expenditures — -consumer expenditures; gross private domestic invest- ment in new construction, equipment, and inventories; Federal, State, and local government purchases of goods and services; and net exports. The total, as obtained by summing these items, is called the gross national product (GNP). The total value of gross national product is balanced by an equal amount of gross income ^ earned in producing output. The income side of the accounts portrays this total, classifiecl by type of income, e.g., wages and salaries, corporate profits, rent, net interest, etc. Additional data are provided showing various transfers of income from one sector to another, such as business gifts to nonprofit institutions and social security benefits from the Government which are discussed in a following section.

It should be pointed out that national-income data, although based on accounting statements of economic units, are statistical estimates rather than accounting totals in the ordinary sense.

THE FEDERAL SECTOR ACCOUNT

The classification of expenditures in the Federal sector account shown in the accompanying table, has been found by the Department of Commerce to be most useful to economists for analytical purposes. Federal purchases of goods and services is the only category of Federal spending which is included directly in the GNP. These purchases represent the value of the Nation's currently produced output bought directly by the Federal Government. They include the pay of mili- tary and civilian employees of the Federal Government, outlays on equipment and supplies for defense and other programs, new con- struction, and the capital formation of Government enterprises.

' The accounts are discussed in detail in National Income, 1954 edition, pp. 143-149, and in U.S.

Kome and Ouipui. 1958 edition, pp. 5S-57 and 99-101. Each is a "Supplement to the Survey of current Business." Current estimates on a quarterly and an annual basis are provided in the SurOey of Current Business and in the Economic Indicators.

^ "Cross income" includes capital consumption allowance and certain charges against production.

Inc C

SPECIAL ANALYSES

285

Table C-l. FEDERAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES IN THE NATIONAL-INCOME ACCOUNTS, 19531960

(Fiscal years. In billions of dollars)

Description	1953	1954	1955	1956	1957	1958	1959	I960
RECEIPTS. NATIONAL- INCOME BASIS Personal tax and nontax Corporate profits tax ac- cruals -	31.5 19.8 11.0 7.6	30.4 17.1 10.7 7.7	29.9 18.4 10.4 8.3	33.5 21.0 11.2 10.5	36.7 20.4 12.1 11.7	36.3 17.3 12.0 12.3	38.1 21.2 12.3 13.8	42.0 21.6
Indirect business tax and nontax accruals	13.8
Contributions for social in- surance -	16.7
Total receipts, national- income basis	69.9	65.9	67.0	76.3	80.9	77.8	85.4	94.1
EXPENDITURES, NATIONAL-INCOME BASIS Purchases of goods and services Transfer payments Grants-in-aid to State and local governments Net interest paid	56.8 11. 1 2.8 4.8 .9	53.9 11.9 2.8 4.9 1.0	45.0 13.8 2.9 4.9 1.4	45.2 14.3 3.1 5.0 1.9	48.3 16.1 3.6 5.5 3.1	50.5 19.4 4.5 5.6 2.7	53.8 21.8 6.0 5.9 2.8	52.9 22.8 6.6 6.8
Subsidies less current sur- plus of Government enter- prises	2.8
Total expenditures, na- tional-income basis...	76.2	74.5	68.1	69.5	76.5	82.8	90.2	91.9
Surplus (+) or deficit (—), national-income basis...	-6.3	-8.6	-1.1	+6.8	+4.4	-4.9	-4.8	+2.2

Source. — Compiled from quarterly estimates published by the Department of Commerce.

Transfer payments and net interest paid by the Federal Government are outlays in return for which no current service is deemed to be ob- tained; the most important transfer payments are old age and sur- vivors' insurance benefits, unemployment compensation, and military and veterans pensions. Although such transfer payments do not enter GXP, they do enter into the income stream and have an im- pact on national output; they are reflected in the GNP in another sector of the accounts when respent by the recipients.

286

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table C.2. FEDERAL RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES IN THE NATIONAL-INCOME ACCOUNTS, 1961-1963

(Fiscal years. In billions of dollars)

Description

Receipts, national-income basis:

Personal tax and nontax receipts

Corporate profits tax accruals

Indirect business tax and nontax accruals

Contributions for social insurance

Total receipts, national-income basis

Expenditures, national-income basis:

Purchases of goods and services

Transfer payments

Grants-in-aid to State and local governments

Net interest paid

Subsidies less current surplus of Government enterprises

Total expenditures, national-income basis

Surplus (+) or deficit (— ), national-income basis

1961 actual

42.9 20.1 13.6 18.1

94.8

54.6

25.7

6.4

6.9

3.3

97.0

-2.2

1962 estimate

46.7 24.6 14.5 19.8

105.6

60.2

27.8

7.0

6.6

4.5

106.1

-.5

1963 estimate

51.7 27.5 15.3 21.8

116.3

64.2

29.4

7.7

6.9

3.7

111.9

+4.4

Source. — Data for 1961 are based upon the quarterly estimates by the Department of Com- merce. Data for 1962 and 1963 are estimates by the Bureau of the Budget in cooperation with the Department of Commerce.

Federal grants-in-aid to State and local governments, like transfer payments and net interest paid, have their impact on GNP when respent by recipients. Most grants are for higliwaj^s, pubHc assist- ance, education, and public health. Special Analysis H shows Federal expenditures for aid to State and local governments, but the definition of such aid is wider in scope than that used in the national- income accounts.

Private incomes are also affected by Federal subsidies and by the net surplus of Government enterprises in their operations with the public. These subsidies less the current surplus oj Government enter- prises reflect mainly Government payments to farmers, certain out- lays for the export and disposal of surplus agricultural commodities, the postal deficit, shipping subsidies, and payments to air carriers.

The receipts of the Federal sector account are shown in a four-way classification: (1) personal tax and nontax receipts consist mostly of individual income taxes, estate and gift taxes, and charges for Gov- ernment services, fines, and penalties; (2) corporate profits tax accruals are the most cyclically volatile component of the Federal sector ac- count because of the great variability of corporate profits; (3) indirect business tax and nontax accruals include liquor, tobacco, and other excise taxes, customs duties, and rents and royalties; (4) contributions for social insurance are composed cliiefly of employment taxes, con- tributions to the retirement funds for Government employees, and deposits by the States to the unemployment trust fund.

SPECIAL ANALYSES 287

RELATION TO OTHER MEASURES

The Federal sector account differs from the conventional budget and the consolidated cash statement in several major respects: (1) coverage, (2) netting and consolidation, (3) timing, and (4) the exclusion of capital transactions. The derivation of receipts and expenditures is shown in the following table.

With respect to coverage, the Federal sector account omits the reve- nues and expenditures of the District of Columbia, which are classified by the Department of Commerce in the State and local government sector.

As to netting and consolidation, the national-income accounts record both interest paid by the Government and Government purchases on a net basis. Accordingly, interest received by the Government is excluded from receipts and subtracted from Federal interest payments; and receipts from sales of Government products are similarly sub- tracted from Government purchases. Neither adjustment affects the surplus or deficit, for, in effect, both receipts and expenditures are decreased by the same amount.

Adjustments for consolidation are needed to refiect in the Federal sector account a few transactions such as employer and employee contributions to Federal employees' retirement funds. These contri- butions are part of the total compensation of Government employees, but are excluded from the consolidated cash statement. Again, the deficit or surplus is unaffected by the adjustment, since total receipts and expenditures are both increased by the same amount.

With respect to timing, business taxes are recorded in the national- income accounts as thev are accrued bv the private sector, rather than when they are collected bv the Government. The principal timing adjustments for expenditures are: (1) The Federal sector account records Federal purchases in terms of the delivery of goods and services to the Government, whereas cash payments for these deliv- eries may precede or follow. (2) The account also records guarantees of nonrecourse loans by the Conmiodity Credit Corporation as pur- chases at the time the guarantees are made, rather than when the collateral is surrendered. (3) Interest on savings bonds and Treasury bills is treated as an expenditure bv Government when the interest is accrued, rather than when it is actually paid out in cash. (4) Certain foreign currency activities of the Commoditv Credit Corporation re- quire an adjustment. The Corporation facilitates exports of surplus agricultural commodities by paying exporters in dollars and, in return, accepting foreign currencies for the exports. Expenditures in the Federal sector account are recorded only at the time these foreign currencies are subsequently used for Government programs. The consolidated cash statement, on the other hand, includes the dollar payments to exporters but excludes both the receipt and the sub- sequent expenditure of a large part of these foreign currencies.

Many capital transactions which are included in the two other measures are excluded from the Federal sector. These items are primarily loans, mortgages, other financial claims, and subscriptions to international lending institutions. Also excluded are purchases and sales of existing assets, such as land and secondhand property. These exclusions generally involve exchanges of secondhand assets or purely financial claims; they neither represent the production of current output nor incomes earned in production.

288

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table C-3. RELATION OF THE FEDERAL SECTOR IN THE NATIONAL- INCOME ACCOUNTS TO THE BUDGET AND THE CONSOLIDATED CASH STATEMENT

(Fiscal years. In billions of dollars)

RECEIPTS Budget receipts

Less : Intragovernmental transactions

Receipts from exercise of monetary authority.

Plus: Trust fund receipts

Equals: Federal receipts from the public

Adjustments for agency coverage:

Less: District of Columbia revenues —

Adjustments for netting and consolidation:

Less: Interest and other earnings

Plus: Contributions to Federal employees* retirement funds,

etc

Adjustments for timing: Plus: Excess of corporate tax accruals over collections, per- sonal taxes, etc

Adjustments for capital transactions: Less: Realization upon loans and investments, sale of Gov- ernment property, etc

Equals : Receipts — national-income accounts

EXPENDITURES

Budget expenditures

Less: Intragovernmental transactions

Accrued interest and other noncash expenditures

Plus: Trust fund expenditures

Government-sponsored enterprise expenditures (net) .,. Equals : Federal payments to the public ^-

1961 actual

Adjustments for agency coverage:

Less: District of Columbia expenditures ,

Adjustments for netting and consolidation:

Less: Interest received and proceeds of Government sales

Plus: Contributions to Federal employees' retirement funds,

etc

Adjustments for timing:

Plus : Excess interest accruals over payments

Excess of deliveries over expenditures and other items. . Less: Commodity Credit Corporation foreign currency ex- changes

Adjustments for capital transactions:

Less: Loans — FNMA secondary market mortgage purchases,

redemption of IMF notes, etc

Trust and deposit fund, land, and other items

Equals: Expenditures — national-income accounts

1962 estimate

77.7

4.2

.1

23.8

97.2

.3

1.1 1.7

-1.3

1.5 94.8

81.5 4.2 .8 23.2 -.2 99.5

.3

.6

1.7

.2 .5

1.3

97.0

1963 estimate

82.1

4.0

.1

24.5

102.6

.4 1.1 1.7

3.5

.9 105.6

89.1

4.0

.1

25.6

.5

111.1

.4

1.0

1.7

.5 .1

1.1

3.7

1.1

106.1

Less than $50 million.

SPECIAL ANALYSES 289

USES AND LIMITATIONS

Each of the three measures — ^the administrative budget, consoli- dated cash statement, and the Federal sector account — is useful for specific kinds of analysis, and the selection of which to use should be determined by the problem at hand. The Federal sector account is especially suited for an analysis of fiscal policy. It was specifically designed to complement the data on private expenditures and in- comes contained in the national-income accounts. The accounts, however, exclude a substantial volume of financial transactions through which the Federal Government significantly affects the capital and credit markets. Moreover, in financial markets, the actual flow of cash payments to the Government may be more significant than the accrual of tax liabilities. As a result, for purposes of analysis of the Federal impact on such markets, the consolidated cash statement is generally more useful than the national-income accounts.

For certain types of problems, no overall measure of receipts and expenditures will serve adequately. Since the various receipt and expenditure transactions have different economic effects, a given aggregate will have an economic impact which depends importantly on the composition of the total. In addition, many Government ac- tivities besides receipts and expenditures affect the economy. For example, a rapid expansion in new appropriations and in Government orders could stimulate a rise in business activity well before either the deliver}' of goods, the performance of services, or the payment for them. The management of the public debt is a further factor which has a significant impact in the money and credit markets of the economy. Consequenth', in evaluating the economic impact of Federal Govern- ment activities, there is no substitute for complete and detailed analy- sis of the Government program in all its aspects.

610000 O -62 - 19

Special Analysis D INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES

This special analysis is designed to contribute-to a greater under- standing of the budget by dividing Federal budget expenditures into five major categories: (1) Additions to Federal assets; (2) additions and hnprovements to State, local, and private assets; (3) expenditures for developmental purposes; (4) current' expenses for aids and special services; and (5) other services and current operating expenses.

Basically, this classification distinguishes between two types of spending: Expenditures yielding benefits largely in the current year and those providing benefits primarily beyond the year in which they are made. The former are essentially current expenses for aids and special services, while the latter are principally investment-type out- lays. Expenditures yielding benefits over a period of years are shown in the first three classes, while outlays providing mainly current benefits are grouped in the remaining two categories.

1. Additions to Federal assets. — ^This category includes budget ex- penditures for direct loans, primarily to farmers, homeowners, and foreign governments; for capital subscriptions to mixed-ownership enterprises and certain international organizations; for public works; for increases in major commodity inventories; for major equipment; and for the acquisition and improvement of real property and other physical assets.

2. Additions and improvements to State, local, and private assets.— Federal outlays made under this category add directly to State, local, and private physical assets. Expenditures which augment the physi- cal assets of State and local governments are primarily for the con- struction of hospitals, airports, waste-treatment works, watershed protection projects, and schools in federally affected areas. Federal expenditures which increase the value of privately owned physical assets are made largely for the conservation and improvement of private farms, for grants to States for the building of private hospitals and other health facilities, and for construction subsidies to our merchant fleet.

3. Developmental expenditures. — ^This class of Federal expenditures includes outlays principally for research and development, education and health, and other programs which increase the Nation's fund of knowledge and technical skills. The amounts of spending shown in this category do not reflect fully the Federal Government's con- tributions to the Nation's technological progress, because they do not take into account certain other programs which, though not primarily designed to promote this objective, help to further this end. Such activities are classified in accordance with their principal pur- pose; thus veterans educational benefits and hospital services are listed as veterans aids rather than as developmental outlays ; likewise, military hospital services are not treated as part of the Government's health program, but as national defense operating expenses.

290

SPECIAL ANALYSES 291

4. Current expenses for aids and special services. — This category covers expenditures which provide aids or special services to special groups, primarily in the year in which they are made, including ad- ministrative and other operating expenses attrihutable to most of the investment-type programs discussed previously and the costs of main- taining tlieir related physical assets; also included are grants to foreign nations for economic and military assistance. Although this category deals essentially witli expenditures of an operating character, some of the outhns included have implications for the Nation's future de- velopment. Among these are grants for slum clearance and urban renewal, and contributions to local authorities for low-rent public housing.

This classification does not satisfactorily or completely reflect the Federal Government's aid to special groups. First, it does not cover all budget expenditures which provide some form of special assistance; for example, subsidies for the construction of private merchant ships are classified as an addition to private assets. Similarly, outlays for which the Federal Government receives assets or collateral (as the acquisition of farm commodities by the Commodity Credit Cor- poration) are treated as additions to Federal assets. Second, some Government aids are indirect and, because their dollar magnitudes cannot be readily established, are excluded from this classification. Examples of such indirect benefits include low interest rates on some loans and certain preferential tax treatments.

5. Other services and current operating expenses. — The outla\s re- ported under this category are for a wide range of objects. They consist mainly of current expenditures for pay and subsistence of military personnel; for the repair, maintenance, and operation of physical assets of the national military establishment and general purpose public buildings; for the conduct of foreign affairs; for tax collection; for the payment of interest on the national debt; and for the operation and administration of other direct Federal programs not elsewhere classified.

Eecoverability of expenditures. — In general, Government expenditures for assets are not expected to be recovered by specific revenues. However, most loans, investment in commodity inventories, con- struction of powerplants, and outlays for range and forest improve- ments on the public domain are offset in whole or in part by receipts to the Treasury in the form of sales, specific charges, or recoveries. "Where such activities are carried on through revolving funds, re- ceipts are credited directly against the expenditures, so that the amounts reported for these programs in the budget and in this analy- sis are net of receipts. In other cases, these returns are included in miscellaneous receipts to the Treasury rather than as offsets to expendi- tures.

WHlether recovered by specific revenues or not, these investment and developmental expenditures both in physical and human capital add to the wealth and income of the Nation and, by helping to expand the tax base, augment the Government's potential future revenues. However, the present analysis does not attempt to measure the re- coverability of these outlays, the potential gain in public revenues which will be forthcoming from them, nor the duration of future bene- fits and their discounted present value.

292

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table D-1. SUMMARY OF INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)

	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Additions to Federal assets: Civil	3.537 16,337 1.247 11 2,380 7,356 15,629 1,427 9.050 2.830 22,364	4,669 17.694 1.362 21 3,299 7,479 17.057 1.424 8.998 3,061 24,594 75	4,508 18 158
National defense. _.
Additions and improvements to State, local, and private assets: Civil	1 460
National defense. . . ..	135
Expenditures for other developmental purposes: Civil	4,819
National defense . .	8,162
Current expenses for aids and special services: Civil	16,818
National defense. . .	1,396
Other services and current operating expenses: Civil: Interest. .-	9,398
Other	3,186
	24.840
Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies	350
Subtotal . _ ... . . . _	82,169 654	89,732 656	93,230
Deduct interfund transactions .. . ..	693
	81,515	89,075	92,537
Civil	34,673 47,494	38,446 51,212	40,190
National defense.	52,690

Comparison with capital accounting, budgeting, and funding. — This analysis does not inake a precise distinction between capital and current items, although it does provide useful general magnitudes. Its purpose is to provide a broad framework for understanding Federal expenditures, recognizing not onh' outlays to increase physical capital and intangible assets, but also developmental expenditures which rep- resent an investment in human capital. Moreover, it does not take into account annual charges for depreciation and obsolescence on existing physical assets, allowances for anticipated losses on loan programs, and profit or loss on sales of assets at figures different from their book value. Agencies generally keep account of such charges according to their particular program needs, but these charges are not reported on a Government-wide basis. As a result, it is not possible to determine from this analysis the net addition to the value of federally owned assets.

This analysis does not purport to be a capital budget in the sense of a long-range program of public works and other expenditures for the acquisition of assets. Nor is it a plan for separate financing of capital expenditures. Some foreign governments and some State and local governments fund i\ portion of their capital expenditures by separate borrowing, and they usually exclude such expenditures from their computation of budget totals, except for annual charges to amortize these capital outlays over a number of years. The Federal budget, on the other hand, treats both investment items and outlays for

SPECIAL ANALYSES

293

other purposes as expenditures in computing the budget surplus or deficit.

Trust fuiK^.s'. — This analysis includes only expenditures financed through tlie adniinistrative budget. Expenditures financed by the trust funds are not reported herein. For example, grants for federally aided liighways, financed through the Highway trust fund, are not reported liere as additions to assets owned by State governments.

Table D 2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)

Description

ADDITIONS TO FEDERAL ASSETS

Loans and investments: Civil loans:

To domestic private borrowers: Department of Agriculture:

Commodity Credit Corporation: Price support and

grain storage loans

Rural Electrification Administration

Farmers Home Administration

Department of Commerce

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Defense

educational activities and other

Housing and Home Finance Agency:

Federal National Mortgage Association

College housing loans

Federal Housing Administration

Other :-.---:

Veterans Administration:

Readjustment benefits

Housing loans:

Veterans direct loans .

Loan guarantee revolving fund

Other --r----.

Small Business Administration

Other agencies

Total, to domestic private borrowers, civil.

To State and local governments: Housing and Home Finance Agency:

College housing loans

Public facility loans

Other

District of Columbia

Other agencies

Total, to State and local governments, civiL

To foreign borrowers, other than to international institutions: Funds appropriated to the President: Foreign assistance- economic

Export-Import Bank of Washington

Total, to foreign borrowers, civil. Total, civil loans

1961 actual

-272 291 321

58

-2

100

72

-4

95

174

908

100

9

14

20

28

1962 estimate

171

348 132

480

,558

151

320

149

11

76

28

125

77

180 130

*

220 21

1,495

125 27 18 57

42

269

1963 estimate

565 10

575

2.339

'Less than one-half million dollars.

294

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description

ADDITIONS TO FEDERAL ASSETS— Continued

Loans and investments — Continued National defense loans:

To domestic private borrowers:

Funds appropriated to the President: Expansion of defense

production

Department of Defense — Military

Total to domestic private borrowers, national defense. _ To foreign borrowers: Funds appropriated to the President.

Total, national defense loans. Total loans

Other financial investments:

Investments in quasi-public institutions and trust funds: Department of Labor: Advances to unemployment trust

fund

Housing and Home Finance Agency: Federal National

Mortgage Association: Secondary market operations. .

Farm Credit Administration

Total investments in quasi-public institutions and trust funds

Investments in international institutions: Funds appropriated to the President:

International Development Association.

Inter-American Development Bank

Department of State:

Purchase of United Nations bonds

Total investments in international institutions.

Total other financial investments

Total loans and investments

Public works — sites and direct construction: Civil:

Legislative Branch

Department of Agriculture:

Forest Service

Other

Department of Commerce:

National Bureau of Standards: Construction..

Other ...

Department of Defense — Civil:

Corps of Engineers — Civil

The Panama Canal

Other

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Department of the Interior:

Bureau of Reclamation

Bonneville Power Administration

National Park Service

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Other

1961

actual

-42

-43 -9

-52

1.506

60

74

74

134

1,640

759

18

I

31

202 25 50 31 20

1962

-3

2.335

-55

17

-4

-42

62

no

100

272

229

2.564

1963 estimate

40

56 7

6 12

760

30

1

36

214 19 51 38 28

SPECIAL ANALYSES

295

Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
ADDITIONS TO FEDERAL ASSETS— Continued Public works — sites and direct construction — Continued Civil — Continued Post Office Department ..	32 13 140 103 98 55 11 159 42	49 18 151 154 154 70 25 202 62	47
Department of State	26
Federal Aviation Agency _ ......	157
General Services Administration: Public buildings	215
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	285
Veterans Administration: Hospitals ..	72
Smithsonian Institution	11
Tennessee Valley Authority	157
Other	48
Total, public works, civil ..	1.874	2.183	2.452
National defense: Department of Defense — Military: Military construction (excluding infrastructure)	1.603	1.225 3 275	1,181
Other	*
Atomic Energy Commission	293	268
Total, public works, national defense	1,896	1,503	1.450
Total, public works, sites and direct construction . .	3.770	3.686	3.902
Major commodity inventories: Civil: Department of Agriculture: Commodity Credit Corpora- tion: Agricultural commodities	-390	-620	-401 26
Total, major commodity inventories, civil	-390	-620	-376
National defense: Funds appropriated to the President: Expansion of defense	32	26 40 16 8	6
Department of Defense — Military: Civil defense	60
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Emergency health activities		31
Other agencies - -	17	7
Total, major commodity inventories, national defense	49	90	104
Total, major commodity inventories	-341	-531	-272
Major equipment: Civil: Department of Commerce - .	15 36	23 28	51
Other agencies . .. - --	38
Total, major equipment, civil _	51	51	89
National defense: Department of Defense — Military	12.965 116 -1	14.694 154 *	15,221
Atomic Energy Commission -	157
	*
	13,080	14.847	15.377
Total, major equipment -	13,132	14,898	15.466
	1

* Less than one- half million dollars.

296

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
ADDITIONS TO FEDERAL ASSETS— Continued Other physical assets — acquisition and improvement: Civil: Department of Agriculture: Forest Service _ -- -_	77 1 24 152 -3 52 7	46 1 26 264 -3 141 12	26
Other _	1
Department of the Interior - ..	38
Housing and Home Finance Agency: Federal Housing Administration .. .- .-._	296
Other ,.	*
Veterans Administration.-	1
Other agencies .	24
Total, other physical assets, civil _ . .	310	487	386
National defense: Atomic Energy Commission ._ -. ._	1,364 *	1,257	1,237
Other agencies - -.-
Total, other physical assets, national defense	1,364	1,257	1,237
Total, other physicalassets — acquisition and improvement.	1.674	1.745	1,623
Total, additions to Federal assets	19,875	22,362	22.665
ADDITIONS TO STATE, LOCAL, AND PRIVATE PHYSICAL ASSETS State and local physical assets: Civil: Department of Agriculture: Flood prevention and water- shed protection --	32 32	43 36 15 53 70 45 6 81 8 14	58
Department of Commerce: Bureau of Public Roads -	42
Area redevelopment - _ _ _	30
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: School construction in federally affected areas, .	59 64 44 4 65	49
	76
Waste treatment works construction	55
Other \	20
Federal Aviation Agency: Grants in aid for airports Housing and Home Finance Agency: Open space land grants. Other agencies - - __ _	76 42
6	31
Total, State and local physical assets, civil	307	371	480
National defense: Department of Defense — Military: Civil defense		20 1	135
	11
Total, national defense	1!	21	135
Total, State and local physical assets	318	392	615

*Less than one-half million dollars.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

297

Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
ADDITIONS TO STATE, LOCAL, AND PRIVATE PHYSI- CAL ASSETS— Continued Private physical assets, civil: Department of Agriculture: Agricultural stabilization and conservation Soil Conservation. . .	614 105 1 97 93 20 I 7 2	596 106 7 114 102 24 7 34 2	585 109
Other	-4
Department of Commerce: Merchant ships . _ _ .	103
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Private hospital construction	111
Health research facilities	30
Other	5
National Science Foundation	39
Other agencies . - - _	2
Total, private physical assets, civil ,	940	991	980
Total, additions to State, local, and private physical assets.	1,258	1,383	1.595
EXPENDITURES FOR OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL PURPOSES Education, training, and health: Civil: Department of Agriculture: Cooperative extension work Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Office of Education: Defense educational activities Aid to public elementary and secondary education.	67 77	71 103	72 114 75
Payments to school districts.	208 40 27 63 48 123 26 27 52 3 7 62	227 40 36 73 51 148 21 63 69 3 12 63	195
Vocational education . _	41
Other	76
Office of Vocational Rehabilitation Public Health Service: Indian health activities	84 54
National Institutes of Health. _ _ ___ _.	170
Community health practice and research. .	22
Other	102
Social Security Administration: Grants, maternal and child welfare	75
Other -	7
Other	16
Department of the Interior: Bureau of Indian Affairs Department of Labor: Manpower development and training. . . . ..	75 60
Youth employment opportunities			60
Other. ..	4 62 14	5 74 14	5
National Science Foundation Other agencies . . . _	93 16
Total, education, training, and health, civil National defense: Atomic Energy Commission . _ ..	908 14	1.073 15	1,413 16
Total, education, training, and health	921	1,088	1,430

298

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description

EXPENDITURES FOR OTHER DEVELOPMENTAL

PURPOSES— Continued

Research and development: Civil:

Department of Agriculture:

Agricultural Research Service

Cooperative State Experiment Station Service

Other.. __.

Department of Commerce:

National Bureau of Standards

Other

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Public Health Service:

National Institutes of Health

Other

Other .

Department of the Interior:

Bureau of Mines

Geological Survey

Other

Federal Aviation Agency

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

National Science Foundation

Other agencies

Total, research and development, civil.

National defense:

Department of Defense — Military:

Military personnel: Research and development.

Procurement: Test and evaluation support

Research, development, test, and evaluation

Civil defense

Military assistance

Atomic Energy Commission

Other agencies

Total, research and development, national defense. Total, research and development

Engineering and natural resource surveys: Civil:

Department of the Interior

Other agencies

Total, engineering and natural resource surveys

Total, expenditures for other developmental purposes.

1961 actual

295 35 23

25 42 22 50 646 70 39

.409

205

130

6,131

31

843

2

7,342

8,751

64

9,736

1962 estimate

450 44 27

26 46 27 57 1,146 84 54

2.146

206

142

6,039

10

18

1,049

7.464

9,610

80

10,778

1963 estimate

81 38 42

25 23

535 49 40

26 54 38 74 2.115 116 55

3.311

207

135

6,650

17

16

1,122

8.146

11.457

27

95

12.982

'Less than one- half million dollars.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

299

Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description

CURRENT EXPENSES FOR AIDS AND SPECIAL SERVICES Agriculture: Civil:

Department of Agriculture:

Commodity Credit Corporation and special export pro- grams:

Sales for foreign currency

Price support, supply, and related programs

Long-term supply contracts

Transfer to supplemental stockpile

National Wool Act

International Wheat Agreement

Special milk program

Other .-_.- .

Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service:

Sugar Act

Other - -

Agricultural Marketing Service:

Removal of surplus agricultural commodities

Special milk program

Other . : .

Farmers Home Administration:

Direct loans

Other

Other

Other agencies

Total, agriculture.

Business: Civil:

Department of Commerce:

Maritime Administration: Ship operating subsidies and administration

Patent Office

Other .

Department of Defense — Civil:

Corps of Engineers — Civil: Operation and maintenance...

Other

Post Office Department

Treasury Department: Coast Guard: Navigation aids

Federal Aviation Agency

Civil Aeronautics Board : Payments to air carriers

Other agencies

Total, civil.. National defense.

Total, business.

Labor: Department of Labor:

Payment to Federal extended compensation account.

Other

Other agencies

Total, labor -

1961 actual

1.455 1,992

201 61 76 87

-3

72

203 "]4

4.254

155 23 28

90

-11

'875

199

333

78

1.787 7

1.794

498 8 7

514

1962 estimate

1.333

2.966

156

225

67

81

105

I

82 17

225

-25 33 68

24

5.366

211

24 42

102

-15

794

208

366

83

26

.841 17

.859

342 19 6

367

1963 estimate

1.131

2.925

258

250

70

81

87 18

235

101

6

-25 35

78 7

5.255

228 26 59

99

-II

192

217

415

85

30

1.340 4

.343

25 6

300

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
CURRENT EXPENSES FOR AIDS AND SPECIAL SERVICES— Continued Homeowners and tenants: Housing and Home Finance Agency: Public housing _	151 139 61 -232 -74 -35 *	173 219 -33 -128 12 -239 *	192
Urban renewal	338
Federal National Mortgage Association	-42
Federal Housing Administration .. .	-186
Office of Administrator	33
Federal Home Loan Bank Board	-270
Other agencies	*
Total, homeowners and tenants	9	3	64
Veterans: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Reimburse- ment for military service credits			79
Veterans Administration: Direct benefits Hospitals and medical care Insurance - <	3,883 956 25 -22	3,884 1,001 70 -20 -83 163 10	3,988 1,025 24
Housing loans Loan guarantee revolving fund - _ _	-27 6
General operation and other	166 10	158
Other agencies	26
Total, veterans . _	5,017	5.025	5,278
International: Civil: Funds appropriated to the President: Foreign assistance — economic Peace Corps . . _-	1,457	1,370 10	1,426 52
Other	* 199 -94 21
Department of Agriculture: Commodity Credit Corporation : Emergency famine relief to friendly peoples Export-Import Bank of Washington Other agencies	281 -111 22	300 -114 37
Total, international, civil	1,582	1.573	1,701
National defense: Department of Defense — Military: Military assistance	1,418 ■ 2	1,382 25	1,384
Military construction (infrastructure)	8
Total, international, national defense	1.420	1,407	1,392
Total, international	3,002	2,980	3,093
Other aids and special services: Department of Agriculture: School lunch program .. Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Public assistance Hospitals and medical care_ _ . _ Assistance for Cuban refugees	154 22 2.167 47	170 9 2,569 48	190 2 2,775 48 42
Other	23 29	25 34	25
Department of the Interior: Bureau of Indian Affairs	38

*Less than one-half million dollars.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

301

Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

CURRENT EXPENSES FOR AIDS AND SPECIAL

SERVICES— Continued

Other aids and special services — Continued Other agencies

Totai, other aids and special services

Total, current expenses for aids and special services.

OTHER SERVICES AND CURRENT OPERATING EXPENSES

Repair, maintenance, and operation of physical assets (exclud- ing special services): Civil:

Department of Agriculture: Forest Service

Department of Defense — Civil: Corps of Engineers

Department of the Interior:

Bureau of Reclamation

National Park Service

Other .------: rv:"-

General Services Administration: Real property activities_-

Tennessee Valley Authority

Other agencies

Total, repair, maintenance, and operation, civil.

National defense:

Department of Defense — Military:

Operation and maintenance

Revolving funds

Atomic Energy Commission

Total, repair, maintenance, and operation, national defense. Total, repair, maintenance, and operation of physical assets.

Regulation and control:

The Judiciary

Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service: Acreage

allotments and marketing quotas

Agricultural Marketing Service

Agricultural Research Service

Other

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

Department of Justice:

Federal Bureau of I nvestigation

Legal activities and general administration

Immigration and Naturalization Service

Federal prisons

Treasury Department:

Bureau of Customs

Other

Federal Aviation Agency

Other agencies

Total, regulation and control.

24

2.466

17,056

122 52

37 36 49 193 -134 27

381

10,611 -299

84

10.397

10,777

52

725

27

2.881

18.481

no

56

43 38 50 202 -139 31

391

11.595

-265

79

11.410

11.800

58

44	44
24	28
70	77 1
18	21
125	127
48	52
62	63
44	44
59	63
28	28
33	40
118	131

780

28

3.149

18.214

111

58

47 38 37 215 -110 32

425

1. 511

170 80

11.421

11.846

61

44 30 82 1 27

130 56

64 47

65 29 41 143

821

302

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63

Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
OTHER SERVICES AND CURRENT OPERATING EXPENSES— Continued Operation and administration of other civil activities: International activities: Department of State: Foreign affairs administration	137 53 36 8 * 114	146 126 41 3 1 126 1	153
International organizations and conferences Educational exchange Other	73 55 2
Foreign Claims Settlement Commission United States Information Agency Other agencies - _._ . .--._	11 139 1
Total, international activities	348	443	433
Federal financial activities: Treasury Department: Internal Revenue Service	408 24 47 26 41 5	447 30 48 28 43 5	520
Bureau of Accounts . _ . . -	31
Bureau of the Public Debt.	56
Other -	28
General Accounting Office ,_.	44
Other agencies _._ ._._	4
Total, Federal financial activities - -	551	600	683
Other direct Federal programs: Legislative Branch	98 9 10 49 2 33 29 * 53 39	106 8 11 56 2 34 43 * 105 41	107
Executive Office of the President: Office of Emergency Planning _- ..	8
Other	12
Department of Commerce: Weather Bureau . . -	61
Other -	1
Department of Defense — Civil - -	37
Treasury Department: Claims, judgments, and private relief acts -	5
Other	*
General Services Administration	104
Other agencies -_ --	39
Total, other direct Federal programs _ -	322	405	372
Retirement, unemployment, and accident compensation for Federal employees: Department of Labor: Employees' compensation claims and expenses	62 171 30 53 5	63 144 32 19 2	62
Unemployment compensation for Federal employees Treasury Department: Coast Guard retired pay and Secret Service annuities ._ -	131 33
Civil Service Commission	24
Other agencies __ _ _	3
Total, retirement, unemployment, and accident compensa- tion for Federal employees	321	260	252

*Less than one-half million dollars.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

303

Table D-2. INVESTMENT, OPERATING, AND OTHER BUDGET EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
OTHER SERVICES AND CURRENT OPERATING EXPENSES— Continued Operation and administration of other civil activities — Continued Shared revenues and grants-in-aid: Department of Agriculture: Forest Service	36 52 29 25 25 15	26 54 29 27 30 18	30
Department of the Interior: Bureau of Land Management- -	59
Other	34
Treasury Department - .. _ . _.	27
District of Columbia: Federal payment Other agencies .	32 18
Total, shared revenues and grants-in-aid	182	183	199
Total, operation and administration of other civil activities.	1.724	1.891	1.940
Other national defense operation and administration: Executive Office of the President: Office of Emergency Plan- ning - --	24 11.880	6 13.044 68 30 36
Department of Defense — Military: Military personnel (excluding research and development) . . . Civil defense	13,208 138
General Services Administration: Strategic and critical ma- terials. .--- -- . --	30 33	35
Selective Service System . .	37
Other agencies . .	*
Total, other national defense operation and administration.	11.967	13.184	13.419
Interest: On the public debt	8.957	8.900	9,300
Other interest: On refunds: Treasury Department On uninvested funds: Treasury Department _	83 10	88 10	88 10
Total other interest .	93	98	98
Total interest .	9.050	8.998	9.398
Total, other services and current operating expenses Allowances for pay adjustments and contingencies	34.244	36.653 75	37,424 350
Subtotal Deduct interfund transactions	82.169 654	89.732 656	93,230 693
Grand total . . .....	81,515	89.075	92.537

'Less than one-half million dollars.

Special Analysis E FEDERAL CREDIT PROGRAMS

INTRODUCTION

Many Federal departments and agencies provide credit assistance to specific borrowers in order to help achieve the basic objectives of the Government programs. Most prominent are the various loan, loan insurance and loan guarantee programs (a) for improvement of housing and encouragement of home ownership and community development; (b) for assistance to farm production and rural com- munities; and (c) for promotion of economic development abroad. In addition, more specialized credit aids are available for specific types of domestic business, such as small businesses, shipping, aviation, railroads, and commercial fisheries; for college students; and for firms and public agencies in areas of chronic unemployment or underem- ployment.

Federal Credit Programs

New Commitmenfs

% BitlioiM

30-

25-	/	^
/
Totol 20- V	1 /
		^		~		/
in					Guarantees and Insurance 1 1
5-										^
"^W-		■«^~^ D	irect Loai	M
0-		! f

1953 1954 Fiscal Years

1955

1956 1957 1958 1959

I960

1961

1962 1963

Estimate

These programs are intended to supplement, rather than to sub- stitute for private credit. In some cases they fill gaps by providing or stimulating a type of credit not otherwise generally available to important groups of borrowers. Often they assume or share in risks 304

SPECIAL ANALYSES 305

which private lenders, at least initially, cannot reasonably be expected to undertake. Similarly, terms on whicli the assistance is provided at times are more liberal, with longer maturities, smaller downpay- ments, or lower interest rates than are generally' available otherwise. Often the loans are part of a package of Federal assistance, which may include, for example, technical aids enabling tenant farmers to build more efficient farm units or helping underdeveloped countries to plan and construct basic transportation systems.

Unlike almost all other Government programs, the initial expendi- tures involved for credit programs are largely or wholly repayable, so that the ultimate net cost is normally low. Some programs are fully self-supporting; in most others, the income from interest pay- ments or insurance and guarantee fees covers most of the current expenses and/or provides reserves for future losses. Customarily administrative expenses are paid from income, but occasionally separate appropriations are made to finance them. In short, in the main these programs are methods of helping borrowers to help them- selves, rather than expenditures yielding only indirect returns to the Federal Government.

COVERAGE OF SPECIAL ANALYSIS

While specific borrowers do not usually require continuing credit assistance, the number of types of assistance and the overall level of activity in Federal credit programs has been gradually increasing. The analysis this year includes all major credit programs of 18 sep- arate Federal agencies, as well as the credit aids for defense production administered by several agencies.' The newly authorized area redevelopment loan programs and the rapidly expanding program of housing loans for the elderly are included in the analysis for the first time. Loan programs of important quasi-public a^iicies are ex- cluded from tables E-1 to E-5, but their outstanding loans are shown in table E-6.

The analysis excludes interagency credit used to finance budget expenditures, such as borrowing from the Treasury' b\' other Govern- ment agencies, whether for loan or other programs. A irumber of small and relatively inactive programs and the first-year activities of newly proposed programs, such as college facility loans also are ex- cluded. Even with these exclusions, the tabulations account for almost all new commitments of Federal credit agencies in 1963.

NEW COMMITMENTS

New commitments provide the best single measure of the trends in most Federal credit programs. They also give the best advance in- dication of trends in the economic impact of these programs, since changes in the level of new commitments usualh' precede correspond- ing changes in the volume of loans disbursed by either public agencies or private lenders and in the purchase of goods and services by the ultimate borrowers.

In this study, commitnrents are defined as approvals by Federal agencies of direct loans or of insurance or guarantees of private loans.

' Supplementary material containing brief summaries of each of the major programs with emphasis on current developments is available on request from the Bureau of the Budget.

610000 O -62 -20

306

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

The>' are shown on a gross basis, including connnitnients which do not later result in actual credit extension, as well as the unguaranteed portions of loans partially covered by Federal guarantees.

Table EI. NEW COMMITMENTS FOR MAJOR FEDERAL CREDIT PRO- GRAMS CLASSIFIED BY TYPE OF ASSISTANCE, MAJOR AGENCY OR PROGRAM (in millions of dollars)

Agency or program

1961 actual

Direct loans

Guar- antees

and insur- ance

1962 estimate

Direct loans

Guar- antees

and insur- ance

1963 estimate

Direct loans

Guar- antees

and insur- ance

Housing and Home Finance Agency: Federal National Mortgage Association _

Urban Renewal Administration

Community Facilities Administration

Federal Housing Administration

Public Housing Administration

Veterans Administration

Department of Agriculture:

Rural Electrification Administration

Farmers Home Administration

Commodity Credit Corporation

Department of Commerce:

Area Redevelopment Administration

Maritime Administration

Civil Aeronautics Board

Interstate Commerce Commission

Expansion of defense production

Small Business Administration

Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare

Export-Import Bank

Department of State: Agency for Inter- national Development

291 77 389 130 288 213

417 364 220

194

10,457

311

1,702

28 1,594

575 119 538 193 417 237

367 405 353

99

304

12,698

446

2,440

81 2,621

1,000 149 558 248 448 275

480 461 297

281

107 1.189

1,208

146 27

15 ""437"

92 919

2.014

307 45

476

92 822

2,653

Total by type of assistance. Grand total

5,175

14,654

6,780

19,223

8.077

394

13,904

453

2,490

81 2,125

95 10 75 58 124

408 100

20,317

19,829

26,003

28.394

Direct loans. — The new commitments of $8.1 billion estimated for direct loans in 1963, represent a 60% increase above the actual com- mitments in 1961, and if realized will be substantially above any previous level of Government lending activit3^ Almost all major programs will share in the expected expansion, with the greatest growth in commitments by the Agency for International Development, for loans to developing countries, and by the Federal National Mort- gage Association, primarily to purchase insured mortgages to finance housing construction and improvement for moderate income families and in urban renewal areas.

Guarantees and insurance. — New commitments for Federal guar- antees and insurance of private loans in 1963 for the first time are expected to exceed $20 billion. Over 80% of these will cover housing loans insured by the Federal Housing Administration or guaranteed b}' the Veterans Administration. Guarantees of agri-

SPECIAL ANALYSES 307

cultural crop support loans by the Coinniodity Credit Corporation will also continue at high levels.

Overlapping commitments -The total estimated commitments of $28.4 billion include several cases wiiere two or more types of Federal assistaTice are provided for the same borrower or on the same property at different stages in the financing process. The most significant overlap in such commitments is probably tlie purchase of insured or guaranteed mortgages by the Federal National Mortgage Association; there are also numerous cases where builders construct houses with the aid of commitments for mortgage insurance from Federal Housing Administration, but later sell them to veterans whose purchases are financed b}^ mortgages guaranteed by the Veterans Administration.

DISBURSEMENTS AND REPAYMENTS

Direct loans can have a major budgetary impact, since the difference between disbursements and repayments represents net expenditures or receipts. Federal guarantees and insurance of private loans, on the other hand, ordinarily have only a minor effect on Federal expendi- tures, since the>' result primarily in expenditures by private financial institutions. Net expenditures for Federal credit assistance, there- fore, give only a partial picture of the economic impact of most of these programs.

Net expenditures of all Government lending programs (with the exception of loans from trust funds or b>' quasi-public agencies, shown in table E-6) are included in the budget totals. In most cases collec- tions are offset directh' against expenditures. Prior to 1962, however, collections on most loans made by the Farmers Home Administration were deposited in miscellaneous receipts. This is still true for the Rural Electrification Administration, but under proposed legislation b}^ 1963 both agencies will be on a revolving fund basis. In the case of foreign loans, disbursements and repayments in foreign currencies are included in the analysis, though they are not included in budget expenditures and receipts.

Gross loan disbursements of major Federal credit programs have been increasing substantialh' during 1962 and will rise even further in 1963 to an estimated $8.1 billion. However, repayments on out- standing loans are also rising, in part because the Export-Import Bank, and the Veterans Administration are undertaking special efforts to transfer increased amounts of their present loans to private lenders. As a result, net expenditures of $2.4 billion are now estimated for 1963, or less than 10% of the anticipated level of commitments for loan, guarantee, and insurance programs combined. After adding in net expenditures for other credit programs and adjusting for repayments going directly to miscellaneous receipts and for loans in foreign cur- rencies, net budget expenditures for loans will amount to an estimated $1.S billion.

The largest increases in loan disbursements are expected to be those of the new Agency for International Development, authorized by Public Law 87-195. The net increase of over $800 million forecast over the 2-year period for this program accounts for most of the total increase in net expenditures for all credit programs. Other major programs with substantial increases in net expenditures include the college housing and other loan programs of the Community Facilities

308

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 196 3

Table E-2. DISBURSEMENTS AND REPAYMENTS FOR MAJOR FEDERAL

CREDIT PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY AGENCY OR PROGRAM

(in millions of dollars)

Agency or program

1961 actual

Dis- burse- ments

Repay- ments

1962 estimate

Dis- burse- ments

Repay- ments

1963 estimate

Dis- burse- ments

Repay- ments

Housing and Home Finance Agency: Federal National Mortgage Association.

Urban Renewal Administration

Community Facilities Administration

Federal Housing Administration

Public Housing Administration

Veterans Administration

Department of Agriculture:

Rural Electrification Administration

Farmers Home Administration

Commodity Credit Corporation

Department of Commerce:

Area Redevelopment Administration

Maritime Administration

Interstate Commerce Commission

Expansion of defense production

Small Business Administration

Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare

Treasury Department: Loan to United

Kingdom

Export-Import Bank

Department of State: Agency for Inter- national Development

221

no

229

87

132

339

291

369

1.365

223

104

16

15

127

92

111

262

1,637

249 150 317 92 186 411

320

478

2,456

20

221 140 22 15 185 102

118

347

2,306

438 153 488 70 193 379

360

530

2.501

79

27

19

230 143 27 68 192 365

128

363

2,944

2 18

17 190

58

72 103

15

25

365

75

526 734

53 395

70

900 .194

54 891

74

11 435

92

800 1.605

20 231

55 911

94

Total-

4.669

3.307

7.253

4.654

8.134

5.791

Net addition to loans:

Major agencies or programs

Other agencies or programs

Adjustment for repayments going directly

into miscellaneous receipts

Adjustment for net expenditures in foreign

currencies, deduct

,362 50

442

348

2.599 90

211

565

2.343 120

159

809

Total budget expenditures '

1.506

2.335

.813

' See special analysis D. p. 294.

Administration, the mortgage purchase programs of the Federal National Mortgage Association, and the business lending operations of the Small Business Administration. The largest single program in terms of disbursements is the price support program of the Commodity Credit Corporation, but in 1963 repayments (including collateral acquisitions) are expected to exceed disbursements.

Neither current repayments nor net expenditures provide any measure of the ultimate recoverability of the loans made. As pre- viously indicated, interest or premiums cover most or all expenses and losses for many programs. In some, the legislative mandates make losses probable from time to thne, such as for the nonrecourse

SPECIAL ANALYSES

309

loans of the ( V>ininoclil>' Credit (Corporation and the loan gnarantec program of tlio Veterans Administration.

OUTSTANDING DIRECT AND GUARANTEED LOANS

The best index of the level of Federal credit programs over a period of years is provided b> the total outstanding direct and guaranteed loans. By the close of 1963 these will total $115 billion for major programs, and with numerous smaller programs nearly $116 billion.

Table E-3. OUTSTANDING DIRECT LOANS, GUARANTEES, AND INSURANCE FOR MAJOR FEDERAL CREDIT PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY AGENCY OR PROGRAM (in millions of dollars)

Agency or progra

Housing and Home Finance Agency: Federal National Mortgage Association.

Urban Renewal Administration

Community Facilities Administration...

Federal Housing Administration

Public Housing Administration

Veterans Administration

Department of Agriculture:

Rural Electrification Administration

Farmers Home Administration

Commodity Credit Corporation

Department of Commerce:

Area Redevelopment Administration

Maritime Administration

Civil Aeronautics Board

Interstate Commerce Commission

Expansion of defense production

Small Business Administration

Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare

Treasury Department: Loan to United

Kingdom

Export-Import Bank

Department of State: Agency for Inter- national Development

Total by type of assistance.

Grand total:

Major agencies or programs. Other agencies or programs.

All agencies.

1961 actual

Direct loans

3.416 79

1,080

448

97

1,618

3,367

1.087

917

154

158

481

131

3.314 3.369

4.216

23.932

Guaran- tees and insur- ance

713

35.726

3.739

29.864

182 606

355

25

126

271

50

165 27

71.849

95.781 462

96.243

1962 estimate

Direct loans

3,444 89

1,375

572

98

1.927

3.568 1,207 1,066

20 135

15 154 713

206

3.260 3.377

5.336

26.562

Guaran- tees and insur- ance

953

40.160

4.091

30.600

254 1. 124

450

33

180

256

71

471 100

78.743

105,305 519

105.824

1963 estimate

Direct loans

3.653 99

1,836

682

99

1.941

3.800

1.367

605

99

117

15 144 918

297

3.205 3.266

6.847

28.990

Guaran- tees and insur- ance

1,274

45.769

4,498

31.050

311 1.045

550 37 245 242 107

879 200

86.207

115.197 549

115.746

As a result of the continuing excess of loan disbursements over repa\ nients, outstanding direct loans of major programs are expected to rise b>- $,5 billion in the 2 >ears ending June 30, 1963, to almost $29 billion. About half of the increase will be in foreign loans by the Agencv for International Development, reflecting in part the

310 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

increased emphasis on development assistance, largely in tlie form of loans rather than grants. The largest other increases in loans out- standing will be by the Rural Electrification Administration, the Small Business Administration, the Veterans Administration, the Commu- nity Facilities Administration, and the Farmers Home Administration.

Outstanding guaranteed and insured loans are expected to increase by about $14 billion during the 2-year period to an estimated $86 billion at the end of 1963, with the increase concentrated as usual in the mortgage insurance programs of the Federal Housing Administra- tion. These programs, together with the loan guarantee programs of the Veterans Administration and the Public Housing Administration, will continue to account for more than 90% of all outstanding guar- antees and insurance. The sharpest increase in relative terms is expected by the Export-Import Bank, which is encouraging increased private participation in its program.

The amounts shown include both the guaranteed and nonguaranteed portion of outstanding loans in order to give a clearer picture of the economic impact of these programs and to tie in better with banking statistics. They do not, howevei, indicate the estimated contingent liability of the Federal Government. The major program for which the contingent liability differs materially from the principal amount of the loans is the veterans loan guarantee program; by the end of 1963, the Government's liability will be about $13.9 billion lower than the outstanding amount of such loans.

NEW COMMITMENT AUTHORITY

New commitment authority includes any additional loan or loan guarantee authority made available or recommended. There are several kinds of new commitment authority. Budget authorizations are those included in budget totals of new obligational authority; they consist either of appropriations or of authorizations to expend from public or corporate debt receipts. Other authorizations, which do not normally give rise to budget expenditures, mainly consist of in- surance and guarantee authorizations.

Table E-4 summarizes new commitment authority of the 16 agen- cies or major credit programs which have received, or will need, additional authority available during the period. , New commitment authority required for 1963 is estimated at $15.4 billion. The in- creases in authority from 1961 and 1962 levels represent mainly larger insurance authorizations for the Federal Housing Administra- tion and the sharp rises in the lendnig authority of the Agency for International Development and the Commodity Credit Corporation.

New commitment authority for most credit programs has been provided by the Congress in the basic legislation rather than in appro- priation acts. Since most new coniniitnients can be financed out of uncommitted balances of prior authorizations, or out of funds made available by collections on outstanding loans, many programs do not need new commitment authority in any one year. In 1963, congres- sional appi'ov^al is requested or anticipated for new commitment au- tliority for seven agencies.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

311

Table E-4. NEW COMMITMENT AUTHORITY FOR MAJOR FEDERAL CREDIT PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY TYPE OF AUTHORIZATION, AGENCY, OR MAJOR PROGRAM (in millions of dollars)

	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Agency or program	Budget authori- zations	Other	Budget authori- zations	Other	Budget authori- zations	Other
Housing and Home Finance Agency: Federal National Mortgage Association. Urban Renewal Administration . .	814	92 "4ji4" 224 859 "150" .-	27 '"""393" "'506" 408 336 1.018 122 " "260" 98 1.258	139 153 "5734" 340 1.230 """175'	" "'413" ""'260' 344 10 2.490	137 216
Community Facilities Administration. .. Federal Housing Administration	1.076	"6^2i2
Public Housing Administration .		345
Veterans Administration Department of Agriculture: Rural Electrification Administration Farmers Home Administration Commodity Credit Corporation Department of Commerce: Area Rede- velopment Administration Civil Aeronautics Board	150 310 467 1,226 300	1.380 ' "175
11		9
Interstate Commerce Commission
Expansion of defense production . .		41 14 433	36 38 1.125	"""300" 98 1.770	27
Small Business Administration-	50 114 676	78
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Department of State: Agency for Inter- national Development	1.190
Total by type of authorization	5.183	6.129	4.435	8.981	5.625	9.769
Grand total. .	11.	312	13.	416	15.394

In most loan insurance and guarantee programs the authority provided by the basic statute is indefinite. In these cases, the tabu- lations show new authorizations equal to the net amount of the guaranteed or insured portion of new commitments.

STATUS OF CREDIT AUTHORITY

Commitment authority for most major credit programs remains available until utilized or until the program expires. Hence, witli only a few exceptions, the existing authority represents the cumula- tive total of amounts made available in prior years.

Cumulative net authority. — Two types of connnitnient authority are provided for Federal credit programs. Most of the major programs operate on a revolving fund basis, that is, collections on outstanding loans and expirations of insurance coinniitnients permit reuse of the original authority. Leading examples include all lending programs of Government corporations and tiie insurance programs of ti)e Federal Housing Administration. Limitations, if any, are ordinarily in terms of maximum amounts of loans outstanding, maximum borrow- ings from Treasury, or maximum amounts of insurance or guarantee liabilitv.

312

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table E-5. STATUS OF CREDIT AUTHORITY FOR MAJOR FEDERAL

CREDIT PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY AGENCY OR PROGRAM

(in millions of dollars)

	1961 actual	1962 esti- mate	1963 total	Hous- ing and Home Finance Agency	Veter- ans Admin- istra- tion	Depart- ment of Agri- culture	Other domes- tic credit pro- grams '	Inter- na- tional loans 2
Cumulative net commitment authority at beginning of year: Definite limitation Indefinite limitation New commitment authority during year: Definite limitation Indefinite limitation Adjustments	32.660 62,763 5,145 6,167 -4,774	34,029 67,932 4,590 8.826 -2.131	37.428 75,818 5,780 9.614 -4.981	10.288 51.637 413 6.910 -354	1,830 17,582 200 1,380 -1,223	8.867 3.019 -3J43	3.152 506 398 114 -112	13.291 6,093 1,750 1.210 -149
Cumulative net author- ity at end of year	101.961	113.246	123.659	68.894	19,769	8.743	4.058	22.195
Cumulative charges against au- thority: Direct loans: Outstanding	23,932 6,513 57,089 6,920	26.562 7,924 63,477 8.217	28.988 9.695 70.685 8.752	6,369 2,334 50,038 8,264	1,941 20 17.150 252	5.772 1.038 1.356 4	1.588 455 1.062 232	13.318
Undisbursed commitments . Guarantees and insurance: In force Commitments outstanding .	5.848 1,079
Total charges against au- thority	94,454	106.180	118.120	67,005	19.363	8.170	3.337	20.245
Uncommitted authority, end of year	7,507	7,066	5.539	1,889	406	573	721	1.950

' Includes Department of Commerce. Small Business Administration, Civil Aeronautics Board, Interstate Commerce Commission, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and Expansion of defense production.

- Includes Export-Import Bank, Treasury Department (loan to the United Kingdom), and State Department (Agency for International Development).

In the case of a few noncorporate loan and loan insurance programs, a maximum limitation is placed upon the total volume of loan and loan insurance commitments. Funds collected and expirations of such insurance are not available for reuse. The most important remaining example is the Rural Electrification Administration, which it is now proposed to shift to a revolving fund basis.

The bulk of the loan guarantee and insurance programs are not governed by overall dollar limitations. The amount committed depends upon the provisions of the statute or of the agency's regula- tions governing eligibility for Federal credit assistance and on the number of eligible applications.

Credit authority available at the beginning of 1963 is estimated at $113.2 billion (table E-5). New commitment authority of $15.4 billion is estimated to become available during the year. On the other hand, estimated expirations, certain repayments, and other reductions in outstanding authority amount to $5.0 billion. The net authority available by the end of 1963 is, therefore, estimated at $123.7 billion.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

313

Charges against authority. — The major cliargos against tlie available authority are the estimated $99.7 billion in outstanding loans and guarantees shown in detail in table E-3 (but excluding here the $15.5 billion portion not guaranteed or insured by the Federal Government, which do not constitute a charge against tlie authority). Undis- bursed commitments to make direct loans or to guarantee private loans are expected to total another $18.4 billion by the end of 1963.

Uncommitted authority. — For major Federal credit programs as a whole, commitment authority at the end of 1963 is estimated to exceed charges agahist the authority by $5.5 billion. Of this unused authority, about a third is accounted for by several programs admin- istered by the Housing and Home Finance Agency and another third represents available authority of the Export-Import Bank and au- thority for foreign currency loans by the Agency for International Development pursuant to Public Law 480. However, since most loan guarantee and insurance programs in 1963 are not expected to be subject to definite limitations, the total uncommitted authority shown in table E-5 does not measure the possible expansion of these programs under present law.

QUASI-PUBLIC CREDIT PROGRAMS

The Federal Government also has certain responsibilities for the credit programs of mixed-ownership corporations and other public agencies operating in whole or in part with private funds. The most important are the Federal intermediate credit banks, the banks for cooperatives, the Federal land banks, the Federal home loan banks, the Federal Reserve banks, and the secondary market opera- tions of the Federal National Mortgage Association.

Table E-6. OUTSTANDING LOANS FOR MAJOR QUASI-PUBLIC CREDIT PROGRAMS CLASSIFIED BY AGENCY AND PROGRAM (in millions of dollars)

Agency	June 30. 1960	June 30. 1961
Farm Credit Administration: Banks for cooperatives	551 1,698 2.487 1,770 289 2.600	595
Federal intermediate credit banks Federal land banks. _ _ ___ . _ . _	1.831 2,728
Federal Home Loan Bank Board: Federal home loan banks Federal Reserve Board of Governors: Federal Reserve banks Housing and Home Finance Agency: Federal National Mortgage Association (Secondary market operations)	1.869 72 2.522
Total	9.395	9.617

The 12 banks for cooperatives make short-term loans to finance the operations of farmers' cooperatives. Over half of their total resources are obtained by borrowing from the public. The Government's stock investment of $107 million on June 30, 1961, represented two-thirds of the total stock, with the remainder owned by member cooperatives; as part of the regular retirement program, $11 million of Government stock was paid off in 1961.

314 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

The 12 Federal intermediate credit banks extend credit to produc- tion credit associations and privately capitalized farm-lending insti- tutions by discounting short-term notes to help finance the production needs of farmers. To finance their operations, the banks sell short- term debentures to the public up to not more than 10 times their capital and surplus. In the Farm Credit Act of 1956, provision was made for the retirement of Government capital in the banks and for their eventual ownership by the production credit associations, but in recent years, additional Federal investments have been necessary to provide adequate borrowing authority. As of June 30, 1961, the Government owned $97.5 million in capital stock, or about three- fourths of the outstanding stock.

The 12 Federal land banks are now privately owned, but are sponsored by the Government and operate under the supervision of the Farm Credit Administration. These banks provide mortgage credit to farmers at reasonable interest rates through individual Federal land bank associations.

The 11 Federal home loan banks are also now privately owned, but are supervised by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board and have authority to borrow $1 billion from the Treasury, if necessary. These banks make both short-term and long-term advances to member savings and loan associations on the security of home mortgages or Treasury obligations, as well as unsecured short-term loans.

All of the stock of the 12 Federal Reserve banks is provided by the member banks, but the policies of the Federal Reserve System are controlled in the main by the presidentially appointed Board of Governors. Moreover, since 1960, the Reserve banks have been paying to the Treasury Department all net earnings, after deduction of expenses and required dividends and after provision for building up surplus accounts to 100% of the subscribed capital. In the event of liquidation, the entire surplus reverts to the Treasury. As part of their normal central banking functions, the Reserve banks purchase acceptances and make short-term discounts and advances for member institutions.

The Secondary market operations trust fund of the Federal National Mortgage Association purchases federally insured and guaranteed mortgages and can make short-term loans secured by such mortgages. The bulk of the funds are provided by sale of debentures to private investors (or for short periods to the Secretary of the Treasury). Mortgage sellers are required to subscribe to common stock in the Association, but, as of June 30, 1961, Government investments in preferred stock amounted to $159 million, or twice the $76 million in privately owned common stock. Further purchases of preferred stock of $17 and $18 million are anticipated in fiscal 1962 and 1963 to help provide the basis for the borrowing operations necessary to finance the Association's continuing mortgage purchases.

Special Analysis F

FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS AND OTHER CONSTRUCTION

The Federal Government constructs public works as needed to carry out its program responsibilities. In addition, the Government provides grants and loans to State and local governments for various types of public uorks construction. This special analysis brings together information on public works activities in the various Fed- eral programs in the budget of the U.S. Government. Federal assist- ance to cooperatives, nonprofit groups and private interests for con- struction, which is provided through loans, loan guarantees, grants and other incentives, is excluded from this analysis.

For direct Federal projects, usually built by private enterprise under contracts with Federal agencies, budget expenditures reasonably approximate the value of work put in place. For State and local projects aided by the Federal Government, budget expenditures may precede or follow the construction put in place and are generally supplemented by State and local funds.

Expenditures for civil public works are estimated to be $6.5 billion in 1963, a record level and four times the 1954 total. As indicated by table F-1, these expenditures constitute four-fifths of the total 1963 Federal expenditures for public works.

The major increase in civil works since 1954 has been for the Federal-aid highway program, financed by trust funds since 1957. Federal grants now make up more than half of expenditures for civil public works. While water resources and related power projects account for the largest share of direct Federal expenditures for civil w^orks over the 10-year period, expenditures for research and develop- ment facilities have increased substantially in recent years. Since loans are on a net basis, comparisons by years do not reflect adequately changes in the volume of construction.

Table F-1. FEDERAL EXPENDITURES FOR PUBLIC WORKS, FISCAL YEARS 1954 63 (in millions of dollars)

From budget accounts and trust f unds

	Total.		Civil public works
	civil and defense					National
Year					defense
	public		Federal		Loans	public
	works	Total	construc- tion	Grants	(net)	works
1954	4.398	1.592	1.274	720	-403	2.806
1955	4,123	1.716	1.025	776	-85	2.408
1956	4.103	1,784	869	889	26	2.319
1957	4,492	2.243	1.076	1.103	65	2.249
1958	5.070	3,106	1.254	1,735	117	1.964
1959	6.684	4,535	1,521	2,871	143	2.150
1960	6,846	5,011	1,643	3.211	156	1.835
1961	6,823	4,925	1.878	2,897	149	1.898
1962 estimate	7,333	5.802	2,190	3,358	255	1.531
1963 estimate	8.035	6.473	2,455	3,652	365	1.562

Note. — In this and the following tables, nonconstruction costs are excluded: proposed legislation is included for the years 1962 and 1963. Details may not add to totals because of rounding.

315

316

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

CIVIL PUBLIC WORKS

Table F-2 summarizes expenditures for civil public works by agency for the vears 1961 through 1963. Estimated expenditures in 1963 are 12% above those for 1962 and 31% above the 1961 total. Major

Table F-2. EXPENDITURES AND 1963 NEW AUTHORIZATIONS FOR CIVIl PUBLIC WORKS, BY AGENCY (in millions of dollars)

From budget accounts and trust funds

		Expenditures	New authori-
Type of program and agency	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	zations, 1963 estimate
Federal construction: Architect of the Capitol	22 54 759 202 31 50 45 32 140 103 55 98 159 124 4	40 63 760 214 38 51 47 49 151 154 70 154 202 190 7	26 80 798 250 62 59 59 47 157 215 72 285 157 184 3
Department of Agriculture __ _ __	38
Corps of Engineers — Civil ._ . .	813
Department of the Interior: Bureau of Reclamation	272
Bureau of Indian Affairs,	55
National Park Service .. .	32
Other	66
Post Office Department	44
Federal Aviation Agency. - ..	141
General Services Administration _	227
Veterans Admmistration __	76
National Aeronautics and Space Administration... Tennessee Valley Authority . ..	819 24
Other: Budget accounts	168
Trust funds ..
Total, Federal construction. __ _ _ .. .	1,878	2,190	2,455	2,774
Grants to State and local governments: Bureau of Public Roads	32 2.591 32 59 112 65	36 2,996 43 53 121 81 15 13	42 3,216 58 64 137 76 30 30	39
Bureau of Public Roads (trust fund) _	3,547
Soil Conservation Service Office of Education Public Health Service	64 338 163
Federal Aviation Agency	75
Area Redevelopment Administration.. ..	50
Other	6	28
Total, grants ..	2,897	3,358	3,652	4,304
Loans to State and local governments, net: Bureau of Reclamation Housing and Home Finance Agency. . _ _.	17 118 12	15 160 65 8 6	9 255 50 33 18	5 163
District of Columbia Area Redevelopment Administration	27
Other	3	154
Total, loans	149	255	365	349
Civil public works: Budget accounts Trust funds . ...	2.330 2,594	2.799 3,003	3,254 3,220	3,880 3,547
Total, civil public works	4,925	5,802	6.473	7,427

SPECIAL ANALYSES

317

increasps from 1962 to 1963 for direct Federal work include $61 million by the General Services Administration for public buildings and $131 million by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for space flight centers. In addition to the $220 million increase in grants from the highway trust fund, there are increases in most of the other grant programs.

Table F-3. ESTIMATED COST OF 1963 DIRECT FEDERAL CIVIL PUBLIC WORKS BY CONTINUING AND NEW WORK (in millions of dollars)

From budget accounts

Agency or program

Gjntinuing work:

Corps of Engineers^Civil

Bureau of Reclamation

General Services Administration

Federal Aviation Agency

Tennessee Valley Authority

Veterans Administration

Bureau of Indian Affairs

National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Forest Service

Post Office

Bureau of Standards

Architect of the Capitol

National Park Service

Other

Total, continuing work.

New projects and features in 1963:

National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Corps of Engineers — Civil

National Park Service

Tennessee Valley Authority

Forest Service

Federal Aviation Agency

General Services Administration

Veterans Administration

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Post Office Department

Bonneville Power Administration

Coast Guard

Bureau of Reclamation

Other

Total, new projects and features-

Advance planning:

Corps of Engineers — Civil

Bureau of Reclamation

National Park Service

Veterans Administration

General Services Administration '

National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Other

Total, advance planning

Total, direct civil public works.

Total	Cumula-	1963	Required
estimated	tive to	estimated	to com-
Federal	June 30,	expendi-	plete
cost	1962	tures
9,692	5,525	767	3.400
4,740	2,780	245	1.715
689	364	173	152
451	147	142	162
719	401	131	187
205	87	60	58
478	229	54	195
563	226	120	217
441	373	50	18
142	49	39	54
103	12	35	56
140	95	26	19
110	55	26	29
973	538	156	279
19.446	10,881	2,024	6.541
809 426		155 16	654
10	400
75		32	43
152	*	26	126
25 130 712 106		21 15 13 12	4
	115
	699
2	92
50 44 30 15 83 142		8 8 7 7 1 41	42
	36
	23
	8
	82
1	100
2,799	13	362	2.424
46	18	16	12
32	23	3	6
8	1	1	6
7	*	1	6
176	90	29	57
10 24		10 7
2	15
303	134	67	102
22.548	11.028	2,453	9.067

'Less than one-half million dollars.

> Includes some sites as well as planning costs

318 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

New and continuing work. — Table F-3 shows expenditures for direct Federal construction in 1963 according to whether the projects are continuing work or recommended for starting in 1963. To complete work now underway, a substantial volume of expenditures will be required in 1963 and later years. In addition, new projects proposed for starting, on which $362 million will be spent in 1963, will involve additional commitments of $2.4 billion for future years.

In the water resources area, funds are recommended for the Corps of Engineers to start 36 new projects, with an estimated total Federal cost of $492 million, including 8 navigation projects and 1 bridge altera- tion, initial contributions on 5 beach erosion control projects, 13 local flood protection projects, 6 flood control reservoirs (including an initial contribution to California for flood control costs of Oroville Dam, now being build by the State on the Feather River), and 3 multiple-purpose projects with hydroelectric power facilities. The Bureau of Reclamation will start 3 projects estimated to cost $83.5 million and will make loans of $1.6 million to local groups for starting 2 small reclamation projects. These loans, as well as the grant to California for Oroville Dam, are not included in table F-3. Con- struction will be started on 2 new transmission lines by the Bonneville Power Administration and 6 lines by the Southwestern Power Administration.

The Tennessee Valley Authority will begin construction in 1963 of a 900,000-kilowatt steam power unit, estimated to cost $100 million. TVA will also start construction of a $16 million lock at the Gunters- ville Dam as well as a $6 million multiple-purpose water-control system in the Beech River area in cooperation with local Tennessee agencies.

In the public buildings area, the General Services Administration will begin construction of a number of office buildings, estimated to cost in total $712 million. New construction of $809 million to be started by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration will provide research and development facilities to support space flight programs. New starts by other agencies include veterans hospitals, schools for Indian children, research laboratories, roads and recrea- tional facilities in the national parks and forests, air navigation facilities, Foreign Service buildings, and Coast Guard facilities.

Authorized reserve of direct Federal public works. — Table F-4 sum- marizes the reserve of Federal projects which have been authorized by substantive legislation and thus require only financing and planning for starting. These reserves provide a basis for a wise selection of projects for advance planning and for starting in accordance with program needs and budgetary policy. The 1963 budget includes $67 million for advance planning of projects, including acquisition of sites by the General Services Administration for public buildings. Significant amounts will also be spent for preliminary investigations and surveys to assure economical design and construction of projects; these amounts are not included in the public works figures.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

319

Table F-4. RESERVE OF PRESENTLY AUTHORIZED PROJECTS AND PROGRAMS FOR UNDERTAKING AFTER 1963 (in billions of dollars)

	Cost of authorized reserve
	Esti- mated total Federal cost	Status of plans as of June 30. 1962	Status of plans as of June 30. 1963
Agency	Planned to stage where contract could be let	Plans in process	Plans not started	Planned to stage where contract could be let	Plans in process	Plans not started
Corps of Engineers — Civil Bureau of Reclamation	3.5 2.4 1.6 1.8 1.0 .6 .5 1.3	0.3 .1 .1 .2 .2 0) (') (•)	2.4 1.1 l.O 1.6 .3 .1 .3 .2	0.8 1.2 .5 '.V .5 .2 1.0	1.4 .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .1	1.5 .9 1.2 1.5 .5 .2 .2 .3	0.6 1.2
Tennessee Valley Authority Forest Service	.1
Federal Aviation Agency National Park Service General Services Administration. Other agencies .	.2 .4
Total	12.8	1.0	7.0	4.8	3.0	6.4	3.4

'$50 million or less.

Civil public works by function. — In 1963, four-fifths of total civil works expenditures will be for the natural resources and the commerce and transportation functions.

Most of the $1.4 billion to be spent in 1963 for water resources and related developments (table F-5) is in the natural resources function. Other facilities in this function include construction in the national parks, forests and public domain landsj schools for Indian children; and fish and wildlife facilities.

The $3.7 billion of expenditures estimated in 1963 for commerce and transportation include $3.2 billion from, the Federal-aid highway trust funds. These grants are in support of the Federal-aid primary and secondary systems and urban extensions of such systems which, together with the 41,000-m.ile Interstate System, comprise about 850,000 miles of highways. Federal contributions are generally matched by the States, except for the Interstate System, for which 90% of the costs are borne by the Federal Government. Also in- cluded are $63 million of grants and loans to States and local agencies for public facilities under the recently established Area Redevelopn^ent Administration, and grants of $76 million by the Federal Aviation Agency.

Grants to States and local governments make up a significant portion of tlie expenditures in the health, labor, and welfare function, largely for liospitals, waste treatment plants and research facilities. In some cases Federal aid is provided for both public and private nonprofit hospitals and research facilities; the figures included in this analysis relate only to public facilities.

Estimated public works expenditures of $288 million for education in 1963 include $64 million of Federal grants and $195 million of Federal loans. Included in these figures, under proposed legislation,

320

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table F-5. BUDGET EXPENDITURES FOR WATER RESOURCES AND RELATED DEVELOPMENTS (in millions of dollars)

Type

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

Flood control works:

Corps of Engineers — Civil

Grant (Oroville Dam)

Bureau of Reclamation

Soil Conservation Service

International Boundary and Water Commission. Tennessee Valley Authority

Total, flood control works

Beach erosion control: Corps of Engineers — Civil.

Irrigation and water conservation works:

Bureau of Reclamation

Loan and grant program

Soil Conservation Service

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Total, irrigation works.

Navigation facilities:

Corps of Engineers — Civil

Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation. Tennessee Valley Authority

Total, navigation facilities.

Multiple-purpose dams and reservoirs with hydroelectric power facilities:

Bureau of Reclamation

Corps of Engineers — Civil

International Boundary and Water Commission

Tennessee Valley Authority

Total, multiple-purpose facilities

Steam-electric powerplants: Tennessee Valley Authority .

Power transmission facilities:

Tennessee Valley Authority

Bureau of Reclamation

Bonneville Power Administration

Southwestern Power Administration

Total, power transmission facilities

Waste treatment facilities: Public Health Service grants.

Total, water resources and related developments..

292.7

I.O

33.8

1.6

329.

88.4 16.6

(') 3.9

108.9

203.9 2.1

4.1

210.

95.0

261.6

.5

6.2

363.3 121.2

25.8

18.1

25.5

.7

70.1

44.1

1.247.7

325.7

I.I 49.6 11.0

387.4 1.2

69.6 14.9

(0

4.2

.7

220.6 2.7 16.3

239.6

115.6

212.9

.5

16.8

345.8 133.8

30.8

27.8

19.4

1.8

79.8 45.0

,321.3

1 $50,000 or less.

are $15 million of Federal grants for construction of public elementary and secondary schools and $7.5 million for loans for facilities for higher education. Authorizations of $300 million and $150 million, respectively, are proposed in 1963 for these programs.

Table F-6 at tlie end of this analysis, presents detailed information for civil public works activities, by function, agency and type of facility, as well as for national defense public works.

SPECIAL ANALYSES 321

NATIONAL DEFENSE PUBLIC WORKS

Expenditures for national defense public works include those of the Department of Defense — Military and the Atomic Energy Commis- sion. On August 1, 1961 the President, by Executive order, trans- ferred major responsibilities for the national civil defense program from the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization to the Department of Defense. The OCDM has been redesignated as the Office of Emergency Planning.

Department of Defense — Military. — ^The military public works pro- gram includes overseas and domestic construction to support Army, Nav}^, Air Force, Reserve, and National Guard activities. The bulk of these projects forms part of the long-range programs of the Regular Armed Forces to strengthen and modernize facilities for training, maintenance, research and development, supply, medical care, troop housing, and' administration. Projects for the Reserve and National Guard programs include training centers, armories, and aviation facilities.

Approximately 40% of the 1963 program provides for facilities required for strategic retaliatory forces, including additional Minute- man base construction and Polaris system supporting facilities for both the Atlantic and Pacific forces. Facilities proposed in support of defensive forces include improved radars for the Hercules air de- fense system and initiation of construction on a system for the auto- matic detection and reporting of nuclear detonations. Proposed re- search and development facilities will provide improved capability in basic research and developmental testing. Construction of facilities required to support programs of the Defense-wide agencies is proposed.

Expenditures in 1963 for military construction (excluding civil defense) are estimated at $1.2 billion, which is $61 million below the

1962 estimate and $416 million less than the 1961 expenditures. This reduction is due in large part to progress made in construction of Atlas-Titan facilities and the dispersal program for Strategic Air Command bases. These decreases are partially offset by increases for facilities in support of the Minuteman and Polaris missile systems.

Under the civil defense program. Federal expenditures for grants in 1963, estimated at $105 million, will provide for shelter construction in selected community buildings, such as schools and hospitals, and for construction of State emergency operating centers. New obliga- tional authority of $458 million is recominended for such grants in 1963.

Atomic Energy Commission. — Construction will be continued in

1963 on production, research and development installations. Among these are the New Production Reactor at Hanford, Wash.; the Advanced Test Reactor at Arco, Idaho; and the two-mile long Linear Electron Accelerator at Stanford University, in California. New projects proposed for fiscal year 1963 include facilities for weapons development, reactor development, and research in the physical and life sciences.

610000 O -62 -21

322

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table F-6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS (in millions of dollars)

By major function and agency

Function, organization unit, and program

CIVIL PUBLIC WORKS

International Affairs and Finance

Department of State: State Department and Foreign Service

buildings

Cultural and Technical Interchange

Center, Hawaii (grant)

United States Information Agency: Radio facilities

Total, international affairs and finance

Space Research and Technology

National Aeronautics and Space Adminis- tration: Research and flight centers

Agriculture and Agricultural Resources

Department of Agriculture:

Agricultural Research Service and Agri- cultural Marketing Service: Labora- tory and research facilities

Soil Conservation Service: Flood pre- vention and watershed protection:

Direct work

Grants

Loans

Commodity Credit Corporation: Stor- age facilities

NEW AUTHORI- ZATIONS

1961 enacted

2.2 8.2 8.7

19.1

125.2

Total, agriculture and agricultural resources

Natural Resources

Department of Agriculture: Forest Service: Roads and research, recreational and protective facilities... Department of Defense^ — Civil:

Corps of Engineers — Civil: Flood con- trol, navigation, and multiple- purpose projects with power

Grant: Oroville Dam, Calif

Department of the Interior: Office of Saline Water: Demonstration

plants

Power transmission facilities:

Bonneville Power Administration

Southwestern Power Administration.. Bureau of Land Management: Roads.. Bureau of Indian Affairs: Irrigation

works, roads, and schools

Bureau of Reclamation: Irrigation and multiple-purpose projects with

power

Loans, small irrigation projects

Grants

> $50,000 or less.

9.1

.6

36.8

5.0

1962 estimate

2.6

8.4

1.0

340.4

51.5

50.0

761.4

2.0

18.7 1.3 6.5

28.3

221.9 11.6

1.2

60.0 3.5

1963 estimate

10.5

1.5

10.8

22.8

819.0

65.4

74.4

778.7

5.8

20.9 1.0 7.6

51.6

203.7 13.2

3.5

.8

64.3

4.0

EXPENDITURES

1961 actual

10.7

2.9

14.5

98.2

72.6

33.6

812.6 15.0

34.9 7.2 7.2

54.8

271.8 4.7

6.0

.6

32.1

1.1

1962 estimate

6.3 5.8 17.6

29.7

153.8

5.7

42.7 6.1

40.4

47.0

759.

1.5

25.5

.7

6.7

31.3

55.8

56.3

760.3

5.0

19.4 1.8

7.4

38.2

202.5 214.1 250.3 16.6 14.9 8.9

(0 I (0 I (0

SPECIAL ANALYSES

323

Table F-6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS (in millions of dollars)—

Continued

By major funcUon and agency — Continued

Function, organization unit, and program	NEW	AUTHORIZA- TIONS	EXPENDITURES
	1961 enacted	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
CIVIL PUBLIC WORKS— Continued Natural Resources — Continued Department of the Interior — Continued Bureau of Mines: Laboratories and other structures Helium conservation facilities.	2.2	0.8	1.0	0.5	1.2	2.0 4.3
Anthracite mine drainage, grants. . ..				.2 4.9 49.7 2.1	.2 8.7 51.0 11.4 0) 201.5	.6
Fish and Wildlife Service: Facilities National Park Service: Parkways, roads, buildings, and utilities Department of State: International Bound- ary and Water Commission: Water resources projects	7.5 52.8 9.2	13.2 62.9 13.2	12.5 31.9 12.4	11.4 59.3 15.4
Restoration of salmon runs, Fraser River system ..	(0 156.8
Tennessee Valley Authority: Power, water resources, and chemical facilities	11.5	26.7	24.2	158.9
Total, natural resources	1,185.0	1,273.5	1.323.6	1.307.2	1.391.5	1.493.5
Commerce and Transportation Department of Commerce: Bureau of Public Roads: Federal-aid highway grants (trust fund)	2.873.1	3.313.4	2.604.0 940.5 2.5	2.590.8	2.995.9	3,214.0
Proposed legislation (trust fund)
Improvement of Pentagon road net- work (trust fund)					1.8
Woodrow Wilson Bridge, and other direct Federal work			2.6 31.8	1.9 35.7	.2
Forest and public lands highways, and other grants	35.0	34.5	34.5 4.6 .3 2.4	37.9
Control of outdoor advertising, grant	4.6
Coast and Geodetic Survey: Observa- tory.. . .	.6 .4	.2 1.0	.5 .1 .7 2.9	.4 .8 3.4 11.1 15.0 8.4 14.0 12.0 1.3 48.6 22.0 -10.0 118.6	.3
Weather Bureau : Facilities	1.0
Century 21 Exposition: Buildings.
National Bureau of Standards: Labora- tories. .. .	25.1	43.8 40.0	32.1 50.0	36.1
Area Redevelopment Administration: Grants for public facilities	30.0
Loans for public facilities	100.0	32.7
Department of Defense — Civil: Panama Canal Company: Canal and harbor improvements			12.8 2.3 1.3 31.6 26.5 -19.0 107.6	13.0
Thatcher Ferry bridge				1.5
Department of the Interior: Office of Territories: Alaska Railroad				.7
Post Office Department: Improvements and alterations Treasury Department: Coast Guard: Lifeboat stations and other aids Department of Defense transfer	61.0 7.4	51.6 13.0	44.3 14.4	47.2 30.6 -22.0
Federal Aviation Agency: Air traffic control and navigation facil- ities	164.6	120.0	135.0	133.7

$50,000 or less.

324

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table F-6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS (in millions of dollars)-

Continued

By major function and agency — Continued

Function, organization unit, and program	NEW	AUTHORIZA- TIONS	EXPENDITURES
	1961 enacted	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
CIVIL PUBLIC WORKS— Continued Commerce and Transportation — Con. Federal Aviation Agency — Continued Research facilities.. . ..	l.O 4.5 63.0			1.5 30.6 64.8 2.1	0.5 32.4 81.2 2.7	0.4
Washington, D.C., and Alaska airports.. Federal-aid airport program: Grants Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corporation..	24.3 75.0	5.9 75.0	23.0 76.0 .8
Total, commerce and transporta- tion .. . .	3.335.7	3,716.8	3,945.5	2,891.3	3,395.9	3.663.5
Housing and Community Development Housing and Home Finance Agency: Office of the Administrator: Public facility loans .. ..	550.0. 6.0	26.5 7.0	13.0	9.0 5.0 -.5 4.4 12.2 2.7	27.0 7.0 -.4 1.0 .7 65.2	59.0
Advance planning, non-Federal public works: Loans . .	8.0
Liquidating programs: Community facilities: Loans.. .. .. .	-.1
Public Housing Administration: Low- rent public housing loans _ ..				1.0
National Capital Transportation Agency: Land acquisition and construction		1.0 29.0	2.0 27.3 .3	1.8
District of Columbia: Loans for highway, sewage and water systems and other structures	42.6 2.7	49.8
Grants for sewage works -	.3
Total, bousing and community de- velopment..	601.3	63.5	42.4	32.8	100.5	II9.8
Health, Labor, and Welfare Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Food and Drug Administration: Build- ing ... .- ...	.1 15.9 9.7	1.8 20.2 8.3	27.0 9.2	(') 8.4 9.8 1.6 64.0 1.9 44.1 2.4 .5 1.8	.3 9.3 II. 0 1.9 70.0 2.1 45.0 3.7 3.4 4.1	1.5
Public Health Service: Federal research facilities. ..	19.0
Indian health facilities .	8.6
National Library of Medicine _ ..
Grants for public hospitals Grants for health research facilities. _ _ Grants for waste treatment works Mental health facilities. Alaska (grant) Saint Elizabeths Hospital: Buildings Bureau of Old-Age and Survivors In- surance: Buildmg (trust fund)	75.3 2.0 46.1	85.4 8.1 80.0	69.2 4.0 90.0	76.2 5.4 55.0
5.4	.6	8.1	3.2 1.9
Total, health, labor, and welfare	154.6	204.3	207.5	134.5	150.9	170.8
Education Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Office of Education: School construction in federally affected areas: At Federal installations Grants	7.6 54.9	7.8 46.2	8.1 37.5	10.9 59.2	10. 0 53.1	9.5 48.7

' $50,000 or less.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

325

Table F-6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS

Continued

By major funclion and agency — Continued

(in millions of dollars)-

Function, organization unit, and program	NEW	AUTHORIZA- TIONS	EXPENDITURES
	1961 enacted	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
CIVIC PUBLIC WORKS— Continued Education — Co nti nued Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Office of Education — Con. Elementary and sec(Jndary school con- struction grants (proposed legislation) .			300.0 150.0 150.0 7.6 6.9			15.0
Aid to higher education for academic facilities, loans (proposed legislation)					7.5
Housing and Home Finance Agency: College housing loans, ..	250.0 6.1 13.9	150.0 7.5 5.2	100.0 4.7 11.4	125.0 5.9 25.3	187.5
National Science Foundation: Research facilities _.	8.6
Smithsonian Institution: Museums	11.2
Total education . .	332.4	216.6	660.0	186.2	219.3	288.0
Veterans Benefits and Services Department of Defense — Civil: Army: Cemeteries .	.4	1.1	.7	.8 1.8 55.1 l.I	.5 3.0 70.0 .6	1.1
United States Soldiers' Home (trust fund)	.8
Veterans Administration: Hospital and domiciliary facilities	75.0	76.2	75.5	71.7
American Battle Monuments Commission: Memorials and cemeteries .	.4
Total, veterans benefits and serv- ices..	75.4	77.4	76.2	58.9	74.1	74.0
General Government Legislative branch: Architect of the Capitol: Buildings and library . _	8.0			22.4 .5	40.1 .1	26.0
Botanic Garden: Greenhouses
Government Printing Office: Annex			6.4 2.1	.5
The Judiciary: Court facilities .		1.0 2.5	--- .2	.8 2.6 .1	1.7
Office of Emergency Planning		(0
Department of Defense — Civil: Army: Power and water systems in the Ryukyu Islands: Direct work		.1
Loans				6.0
Canal Zone Government: Improvements- Department of the Interior: Office of Territories: Public buildings in Samoa and the Pacific Islands, grants. Alaska public works: Grants .	6.6 1.8	2.0 7.1	2.5 11.2	2.4 1.8 .8 .9 3.5 4.4 .4	4.2 7.1 .3	3.9 11.2
Loans	.3 3.6 9.9 .3	.1 .9 2.0 .2	3.3 3.9 .4
Virgin Islands Corporation: Water and power facilities...	1.8 10.0 .3	3.3
Department of Justice: Federal Prison System: Prison facilities.. Immigration and Naturalization Service: Border facilities	6.5 .6

I $50,000 or less.

326

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table F-6. FEDERAL ACTIVITIES IN PUBLIC WORKS (in millions of dollars)—

Continued

By major function and agency — Continued

Function, organization unit, and program	NEW AUTHORIZA- TIONS	EXPENDITURES
	1961 enacted	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
CIVIC PUBLIC WORKS— Continued General Government — Continued Treasury Department: Bureau of Customs: Border facilities Bureau of Engraving and Printing: Air- conditioning - - - - - - - --	0.2	0.2	0.2 .3 227.0	0.2	0.2	0.4 .3
General Services Administration: Construction of public buildings, sites and planning .	210.0	262.6	103.0 .6 19.3	153.8 .3 9.0	214.7
Loans for public hospitals in D.C ..	.7
Central Intelligence Agency: Headquarters.				.5
Total, general government... . ..	240.8	278.8	257.4	160.6	230.8	276.4
Total, budget accounts	3.248.0 2,873.1	2.934.2 3.313.4	3,880.3 3.547.0	2,330.2 2,594.3	2.799.3 3.003.0	3.254.1
Total, trust funds	3.218.6
Total, civil public works	6,121.0	6,247.6	7,427.3	4,924.5	5.802.4	6.472.7
NATIONAL DEFENSE PUBLIC WORKS Office of Emergency Planning: Shelter areas ... ...	2.2	.8	41.0	.4
Department of Defense — Military: Interservice activities: Defense agencies, buildmgs		11.0
Advanced Research Projects Agency			17.9 19.0 1.9 .2	12.4 10.0 25.0 .2 2.6 2.6 172.0 15.0 20.0 180.0 7.5 790.0 3.0 15.0
Loran stations .. ....	19.0	10.0	22.0	22.0
Construction, foreign countries	8.0
Other activities..		.2 5.0 2.5 171.2 14.4 21.9 197.0 7.0 514.7 4.6 18.3	458.0
Civil defense: Grants for shelter areas .		104.7
Emergency centers		(')
Army: Construction .. .. ._	148.4 16.0 17.5 162.5 4.0 676.1 4.0 13.8	177.0 8.0 7.0 225.0 7.0 812.0 5.0 14.0	239.3 17.6 18.5 267.0 9.2 997.8 3.1 13.7	179.0
Construction, Army Reserve . .	15.0
Construction. Army National Guard.. Navy: Construction Construction, Naval Reserve Air Force: Construction Construction, Air Force Reserve Construction, Air National Guard	19.0 200.0 8.0 700.0 7.0 20.0
Total, Department of Defense — Military Atomic Energy Commission: Facilities	1,061.4 204.2	966.8 195.4	1,776.0 286.0	1.605.2 292.9	1.255.2 275.5	1.293.8 268.5
Total, national defense public works	1,267.8	1,163.0	2,062.0	1.898.5	1.530.7	1,562.3
Total, civil and defense public works	7,388.8	7.410.6	9,489.4	6.823.0	7.333.1	8,034.9

> $30,000 or less.

Special Axalysis G FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

This analysis summarizes Federal expenditm-es in the fiscal years 1961, 1962, and 1963 for the conduct of research and development and for the construction, improvement, and equipping of research and development facilities.^

Research and Development

Estimated Budget Expenditures in 1963

TOTAL $12,365

395 Other Agencies

Net budget expenditures for research and development in 1963 are estimated to total $12,365 million, an increase of $2,121 million over 1962 and $3,074 million over 1961.

Table G-1. TOTAL FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES (in millions of dollars)

Purpose	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Conduct of research and development Research and development facilities	8,754.0 536.8	9,618.0 625.9	11,475.9 889.4
Total	9,290.8	10,243.9	12,365.3

Note. — Totals in text tables may not add due to rounding.

' The term "Conduct of research and development" includes activities in which the primary aim is either to develop new knowledge or to apply existing knowledge to new uses. These activities may be carried out in Government installations or in the facilities of private. State, or local organizations using Federal funds. Cnerally excluded from this definition are expenditures for routine testing, experimental production, information activities, and training programs. This analysis also omits expenditures for research performed independently by contractors within overhead arrangements on some procurement contracts funded in Department of Defense procurement accounts and for the collection of general-purpose statistics by the Census Bureau and other agencies.

Expenditures for "Research and development facilities ' include amounts for physical facilities such as land, buildings, and major equipment, regardless of whether the facility is to be used or owned by the Federal Government or by a private, State, or local organization.

327

328

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63

Through its programs the Federal Government now supports over two-thirds of the research and development of the Nation. Of the total Federal expenditures for this purpose about two-thirds are made through contracts with private industry; over 10% through grants and contracts with universities and other nonprofit institutions; and the remainder by Government scientists in Federal facilities.

Table G-2. FEDERAL EXPENDITURES FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOP- MENT DIVIDED BETWEEN NATIONAL DEFENSE AND OTHER PRO- GRAMS, FISCAL YEARS 19531963 (in millions of dollars)

Fiscal year	National Defense	Other	Total
1953	2.832 2.868 2.979 3.104 4.027 4.463 5.048 6.639 7.719 7.820 8.572	269 280 289 332 433 523 744 1.103 1.572 2.424 3.793	3.101
1954 . .	3.148
1955	3.268
1956	3.435
1957	4.460
1958	4,985
1959	5.792
1960	7.742
1961	9.291
1962	10.244
1963	12.365

Note. — Amounts included in this table under "National Defense" for the Department of De- fense have been compiled from the best available summary data to provide maximum possible com- parability for the years shown.

Within the totals for research and development, expenditures for basic research will increase to about $1.6 billion in 1963 as compared with well over $1 billion in 1962. A major portion of the increase in 1963 is attributable to the National Aeronautics and Space Admin- istration.

Included in this analysis, but not separately identified, are the funds of a number of agencies in certain scientific fields of broad national interest. These include space programs, medical and related re- search, and several fields which have been given special attention by the Federal Council for Science and Technology and its com- mittees, including oceanography, atmospheric sciences, high and low energy physics, and materials and water research.

Space programs. — Expenditures for space research and development will amount to about $3.7 billion in 1963 as compared with about $2.3 billion in 1962 and $1.5 billion in 1961. A better index of the growth of Federal activities in this field is shown by the new obliga- tional authority for all space activities summarized in table G-3.

The amounts shown for the National Aeronautics and Space Ad- ministration cover all. activities of that agency except those specifi- cally identified with aircraft or missile technology. The estimates for the Department of Defense include all the principal amounts identifiable with the Department's space programs but exclude certain amounts which cannot feasibly be separated from other mili-

SPECIAL ANALYSES

329

Table G-3. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY FOR FEDERAL SPACE

PROGRAMS

(in millions of dollars)

Agency

1961 ictual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Department of Defense

Atomic Energy Commission

Department of Commerce: Weather Bureau

National Science Foundation

Total.

926.2

793.8

63.2

1.786.3

1.147.2

120.1

50.2

1.6

.783.8

3,105.4

3.732.9

1.517, 192.

47. 1.

5.492.4

tar}'' expenses, such as the development of missiles which are also used in the space programs, military personnel costs, and various other operating costs. For the Atomic Energy Commission, the table includes the amounts associated with the development of nuclear rocket propulsion and nuclear power sources for space applications. The Weather Bureau amounts are primarily those related to the estab- lishment of an operational meteorological satellite system, which, therefore, are not included in the totals for research and development in this special analysis. The amounts for the National Science Foun- dation are for a space telescope project.

Medical research. — The Federal Government now supports over three-fifths of the medical and health-related research of the Nation. Total obligations of Federal agencies for the conduct of such research and for research facilities are estimated at $1,024 million in 1963 as compared with $857 milhon in 1962 and $623 milUon in 1961.

The rapid growth in the Federal support of medical and health- related research reflects chiefly the increases in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, particularly for intramural and research grants programs of the National Institutes of Health, which presently account for about two-thirds of the Federal support of medical research and roughly two-fifths of national expenditures in this field.

The major field of interest to the Atomic Energy Commission is research on the effects of radiation on human beings. Medical research in the Department of Defense emphasizes preventive medicine and medical problems of military operations. The Veterans Adminis- tration undertakes clinical research related to the special problems of patient care in its hospitals. A portion of the rapidly growing research programs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is directly related to health, particularly the effects of space flight on humans. Research programs of the Department of Agriculture include such fields as nutrition and veterinary medicine. The National Science Foundation supports basic research in the life sciences, a portion of which is of direct significance to health.

330

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table G-4. OBLIGATIONS OF FEDERAL AGENCIES FOR MEDICAL AND HEALTH RELATED RESEARCH (in millions of dollars)

	1961	1962	1963
Agency	Budgeted as medical and health related	Directly relatedl	Budgeted as medical and health related	Directly related l	Budgeted as medical and health related	Directly relatedl
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Public Health Service National Institutes of Health Other	434 (410) 13		613 (562) 20		735 (679) 21
Total, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Department of Defense	447 22 7	28" 54 5 14	633 32 8	--- 61 22 23' 14	756 43 8	---
Atomic Energy Commission National Aeronautics and Space Ad- ministration _ --	71 29
Veterans Administration. . .	24	32	32
Department of Agriculture	22
National Science Foundation				17
Other	3	1	4	1
Total, medical and health re- lated research .	503 (459) (44)	120 (ill) (9)	706 (650) (56)	151 (140) (12)	843 (750) (93)	181
Total, conduct of research Total, research facilities	(169) (11)

' Includes obligations for research with other than medical or health objectives but related to health in terms of substance or probable applications.

Oceanography. — -The national oceanographic program of the Federal Government for 1963 will total $123.6 million in obligations.

Table G-5. OBLIGATIONS OF FEDERAL AGENCIES FOR OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH AND SURVEYS (in millions of dollars)

Agency	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Departments of — Commerce.. . . ._ -. .. .. .	11.4 31.6 .7 8.7 1.7 7.9 .1	23.0 42.1 1.3 14.2 3.6 16.7 .1	23.9
Defense . . .. -	57.3
Health, Education, and Welfare _. _ .	1.6
Interior . . .. . . -.	14.9
Atomic Energy Commission ... . . .. ....	5.4
National Science Foundation .	20.1
Other	.4
Total -	62.1	101.0	123.6

An estimated $53.1 million for research and instrumentation will provide for studies by the Navy particularly of the physical and chemical properties of the sea; grants of the National Science Founda- tion for oceanography including marine biology; the work of the AEC related principally to radiation and atomic wastes ; and research

SPECIAL ANALYSES 331

by Department of the Interior on commercial fish resources. Survey programs, principally those of the Departments of Commerce and Navy to map and provide basic statistics on depths, currents, tempera- tures and related data, will total $17.1 million. Funds for the con- struction of ships and facilities will total $49.1 million. Also included is $3.7 million for the International Indian Ocean Expedition and $.6 million for the National Oceanographic Data Center.

Atmospheric sciences. — The atmospheric sciences are undergoing rapid development as an increasing array of new techniques become available to obtain and process data bearing on atmospheric properties and dynamics. The Federal Government's program in this field is estimated to grow to over $200 million in 1963, roughly double the past year's effort. Almost one-half of the increase in 1963 is being directed to the meteorological and scientific satellite programs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Other increases have been required by the rigorous needs of new defense programs, detection and prediction of radioactive fallout, air pollution, and aviation and air-traffic control as well as the desire to advance the science generally through basic research grants and facilities. A notable step to be taken in 1963 will be the financing by the National Science Foundation of a major construction and operating program for the National Center for Atmospheric Research.

High and low energy physics. — High energy physics is concerned with the study of elementary particles at the subatomic level and related nuclear forces. It is characterized by high costs for high energy particle accelerators and related equipment. In 1963, total Federal expenditures for high energy physics research and construction are estimated to be $138 million — ^of which the Atomic Energy Com- mission's share is $126 million — as compared with a total of $109 million in 1962 and $86 million in 1961. The balance is chiefly ac- counted for by the Department of Defense and the National Science Foundation.

Low energy physics is concerned with the structure and properties of the nucleus of the atom and the character of related nuclear proc- esses. The research is conducted primarily with particles produced from relatively small accelerators and research reactors. Total Fed- eral expenditures for low energy physics in 1963 are estimated at $61 million — of which Atomic Energy Commission will provide $40 million and the National Science Foundation $14 million — as compared with a total of $52 million in 1962 and $39 milhon in 1961. The balance is chiefly accounted for by the Departments of Defense and Commerce.

Materials research. — -Attention has been given over the past 2 years to strengthening materials research with emphasis on basic research and related graduate education. While no overall figures are available, basic materials research is being given increased support particularly through Federal financing of interdisciplinary materials research lab- oratories on a number of major campuses.

Water research. — -A long range study of future needs for research in natural resources has been initiated by this administration. Particular attention has been given in recent months to Federal programs in water research. While no precise estimates are available, this budget

332

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

provides for a significant strengthening of several agency programs in water research particularly in the Department of the Interior.

In the following paragraphs are described the programs of the Federal agencies with the largest expenditures for research and devel- opment. The expenditures for these and other agencies are listed separately in the table at the end of this text.

Department of Defense — Military Functions

The research, development, test, and evaluation programs of the Department of Defense include basic research in the sciences, applied research, and technical developments; development of new weapons and equipment; fabrication and procurement of items under develop- ment for test and evaluation; and construction, operation, and main- tenance of laboratories and test facilities.

Table G-6. EXPENDITURES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE- MILITARY FUNCTIONS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (in millions of dollars)

Function, purpose, and budget title	1961 actual	1962 esti- mate	1963 esti- mate
Conduct of research and development: Research, development, test, and evaluation Procurement -	6,130.5 130.3 205.1	6,039.2 141.7 206.1 10.0	6.650.1 134.9
Military personnel - - -	206.6
Civil Defense. - - . --	17.0
Total, expenditures for the conduct of research and de- velopment	6,465.9 115.9	6,397.0 82.3	7,008.6
Research and development facilities . . .	139.7
Total, expenditures for research and development	6.581.8	6,479.3	7,148:3

The present high levels of effort in basic research and applied re- search will be augmented in 1963 in certain areas to exploit new pos- sibilities that are emerging and to place further emphasis in areas of fundamental importance to military applications. The planned expenditures will also carry forward the development of a wide variety of major weapon systems and other specific developments for which the annual requirements fluctuate depending on the status of develop- ment, the phasing of the effort, and the quantities and cost of the test articles required.

Estimates of expenditures for research and development facilities of the Department of Defense shown in table G-6 include the amounts in the military construction programs for technical facilities having as their primary mission, research, development, or testing functions. The expenditure pattern indicated for the 3 years results from heavy expenditures for the Nike-Zeus test faciUties in 1961 and the substan- tial expenditures for the large radar telescope at Sugar Grove, W. Va., which are estimated to occur in 1963.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

333

The composition of and trends in the programs of the Department are shown in terms of obhgations by majorfields of effort in table G-7.

Missile development, including an emphasis in the field of defense against ballistic missiles under the Army's Nike-Zeus anti-missile project, continues in 1963 to represent the largest area of activity. The decrease within this field is caused primarily by the trend in major intercontinental ballistic missile programs for which 1961 was the year in which the highest obligations were required. In the stra- tegic area, the Navy's Polaris system is continued at a high level as are the Air Force Minuteman and Skybolt programs. The initiation

Table G-7. OBLIGATIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE— MILI- TARY FUNCTIONS FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (in millions of dollars)

Purpose, budget title and program

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

Conduct of research and development:

Research, development, test, and evaluation:

Military sciences

Aircraft and related equipment

Missiles and related equipment

Military astronautics and related equipment

Ships and small craft and related equipment

Ordnance, combat vehicles, and related equipment- Other equipment

Programwide management and support

Emergency fund

Total, direct obligations, research, development, test, and evaluation

Procurement:

Aircraft

Missiles

Ships

Other

Total, direct obligations, procurement- Military personnel

Civil Defense

Total, direct obligations for the conduct of research and

development

Research and development facilities

Total, direct obligations for research and development-

620.5 680.3 3,194.8 608.6 212.9 168.1 443.0 236.8

6,165.0

112. 7

13.4

40.1

3.7

169.9 205.1

6,540.0 113.1

6,653.1

785.5

630.3

2,640.0

1,058.5

211.3

191.1

532.7

239.9

99.5

6,388.8

71.2 12.8 31.0

115.0

206.1

15.5

6.725.4 93.0

6.818.4

964.4 690.9 2,386.0 1,327.4 234.4 221.9 801.5 268.4 150.0

7.044.9

8.2 "78'6

86.8

206.6

17.0

7,355.3 106.0

7,461.3

of development effort for a mobile midrange ballistic missile is in- cluded in the 1963 program. The decrease in the missile field is approximately offset by the increases estimated for military astro- nautics and related equipment. The 1963 estimates provide for the initiation of a new multipurpose space booster vehicle for the national space program. Provision is also made for programs for the develop- ment of satellite systems in support of military' requirements, together with essential supporting research and development on subsystems and components. Requirements in the field of aircraft development remain comparatively high due to the new multipurpose tactical

334

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

fighter-bomber aircraft and the B-70 prototype aircraft in Air Force, the new jet cargo aircraft for the Mihtary Air Transport Service, the triservice vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, and mobility and surveillance aircraft types for the Army.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

All of the activities of the National Aeronautics and Space Admin- istration are classified as research and development for purposes of this special analysis. The NASA is responsible for the developm.ent, test, and operation of space vehicles for manned and unmanned exploration of space and other non-military applications, and for conducting the broad programs of supporting research and develop- ment required for these purposes. In addition NASA is responsible for conducting research to advance aircraft and missile technology in support of both military and civil interests.

Table G-8. EXPENDITURES OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

(in millions of dollars)

Function and purpose

Conduct of research and development

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

Research and development facilities

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

Manned space flight

Space applications

Unmanned investigations in space.

Space technology

Aircraft and missile technology

Supporting operations

Total, National Aeronautics and Space Administra- tion

231.7

14.9

208.4

122.8

35.8

32.5

437.7

77.8

312.1

207.5

40.1

71.0

997.0 135.0 462.1 342.5 50.1 128.5

5.6

1.3

7.7

19.4

14.5

49.7

646.1

1.146.2

2.115.2

98.2

33.5 4.0 21.4 27.7 17.7 49.5

153.8

165.3

2.8

33.0

49.5

5.7

28.5

284.8

Expenditures for manned space flight support programs which will lead to manned lunar landing and return within this decade. Expanded effort will be devoted to the two methods now under consideration to achieve this goal — direct ascent from the earth to the moon and the use of the rendezvous technique to bring large spacecraft components together in earth orbit, after which the com- bined spacecraft would continue to the moon. Propulsion develop- ment, spacecraft development, ground testing and launching required to carry out the Saturn, Advanced Saturn, Apollo, and Nova programs are also provided for. The space application program includes funds for research and development on the Tiros and Nimbus meteorological satellites and the Rebound, Relay, and Syncom communication satel- lites. Major emphasis in the unmanned investigations in space will be devoted to earth orbiting geophysical, astronomical, and solar observa- tories; lunar exploration with the Ranger and Surveyor programs; and planetary exploration with the Mariner series. Funds for space technology provide for a variety of technological advancements includ-

SPECIAL ANALYSES

335

ing development of advanced propulsion systems and electric power techniques and systems for future space vehicles. Aircraft and missile technology includes activities for basic and applied research on problems related to design, development, construction, and operation of aircraft and missiles. It includes research on new types of mili- tary and commercial aircraft, as well as on techniques of aerodynamic flight which may prove applicable to space travel. Supporting operations include the development and operation of the worldwide tracking and data acquisition networks required. for the civilian space programs.

Atomic Energy Commission

The research and development program of the Atomic Energy Commission, including supporting construction, constitutes nearly half of the Commission's total annual expenditures. Basic research is conducted in the physical and hfe sciences to secure a better under- standing of nuclear processes and of the effects of nuclear radiation on living organisms. The Commission's applied research and devel- opment program includes efforts to improve the processes used in the production of special nuclear materials, to develop improved types of nuclear weapons, and to find ways of obtaining useful power from nuclear reactions.

While a large portion of the development effort is aimed at military uses of atomic energy, an increasing portion is devoted to civilian applications. However, much of the information from military progi'ams is applicable to peaceful uses. The research and develop- ment programs are carried on in the Commission's contractor-operated laboratories, in universities and other private research institutions, and by industrial contractors. In support of the actual conduct of research and development the Commission provides necessary facili- ties, including laboratories, particle accelerators, research and test reactors, and other test facilities.

Table G-9. EXPENDITURES OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (in millions of dollars)

Function and program	Conduct of research and development	Research and deve facilities	opment
	1961 actual	1962 esti- mate	I963esti. mate	1961 actual	1962 esti- mate	1963 esti- mate
Special nuclear materials and weapons Reactor development Physical research Biology and medicine	240.0 399.9 142.2 50.2 10.7	412.2 408.3 156.9 58.5 13.5	393.5 463.2 182.7 67.4 14.9	13.9 125.8 47.2 3.4 1.3 69.5	16.7 87.6 61.7 5.2 1.4 101. 0	17.0 97.5 65.5 3.5
Other research and develop- ment .-	.5
Major operating equipment not included above	102.0
Total, Atomic Energy Com- mission	843.0	1.049.4	1,121.6	261.1	273.6	286.1

336 THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

The principal increases in 1963 occur in the reactor development and physical research programs.

The reactor development program comprises primarily efforts to develop reactors for the economic generation of electric power, for propulsion of submarines and naval ships, for propulsion of rockets (Project Rover), and for auxiliary long-lived power sources for satel- lites and space vehicles (Project SNAP). The space applications (Projects Rover and SNAP) will be expanded substantially in 1963.

The physical research program, which also increases in 1963, com- prises research in high and low energy physics and in those aspects of chemistry, metallurgy, and mathematics of particular importance to nuclear science and technology. Included also is a continuing pro- gram to achieve a controlled thermonuclear reaction.

The "other research and development" item includes the isotopes development program, which is directed toward utilization of radio- isotopes and radiation for a variety of useful purposes, and Project Plowshare, a program to develop peaceful uses of nuclear explosives.

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

The expenditures in the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare for research will total an estimated $679.9 million in 1963, as compared with $558.2 million in 1962, and $383.6 million in 1961.

The principal research effort of the Department is the support of medical research by the Public HeaUh Service, particularly the National Institutes of Health. The major increases in National Institutes of Health research expenditures in 1963 are for the con- tinuation of previously approved research projects and for the support of a larger number of clinical research centers. Elsewhere in the Public Health vService, research programs in community and environ- mental health will increase.

The research programs of the Office of Vocational Rehabilitation, the Food and Drug Administration, and the Office of Education will also be strengthened in 1963.

Department of Agriculture

The expenditures of the Department of Agriculture for research and development are estimated at $170.7 million in 1963 as compared with $157.6 million in 1962 and $141.8 milhon in 1961.

The largest program of the Department is that of the Agricultural Research Service which conducts research on the production of animals and crops, soil and water conservation, the utilization of farm products, agricultural engineering, human nutrition, and consumer use of agricul- tural products. Similar research is supported in the experiment stations of the land grant universities through grants of the Coop- erative State Experiment Station Service.

Other research programs are undertaken in the Department by the Forest Service, the Economic Research Service, the Agricultural Marketing Service, the Foreign Agricultural Service, the Farmer Cooperative Service, and the National Agricultural Library.

The expenditures of the Department in 1963 include additional funds to initiate a program of project grants to universities and other

SPECIAL ANALYSES 337

nonprofit institutions for basic research and to complete staffing of the Department's new laboratories.

National Science Foundation

The total expenditures of the National Science Foundation for research and research facilities are estimated at $163.9 million in 1963 as compared with $124.3 milHon in 1962 and $81.9 million in 1961.

The 1963 budget will provide increased support for basic research project grants, the Antarctic research program, U.S. participation in the International Indian Ocean Expedition, and for a program of research in the geology and geophysics of the deeper layers of the earth. Additional funds are also estimated in 1963 for radio and optical astronomy observatories; a national center for atmospheric research; oceanographic ships and shore facilities; specialized biological and social science research facilities; and for university nuclear research facilities, computers, and atmospheric research facilities. Further, the Foundation is planning to increase its program of match- ing grants for the modernization of graduate laboratories at universities.

Department of the Interior

The 1963 expenditures of the Department for research and develop- ment are estimated at $128.8 million, compared with $107.3 million in 1962, and $92.9 million in 1961. These expenditures are directed primarily to the conservation and utilization of the Nation's natural resources. The increases in 1963 are primarily in the Geological Survey's programs of hydrology, geology, and marine geology; the Bureau of Mines' research on extractive metallurgy; the coal research of the Office of Coal Research; the expanded biological research activities of the Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Office of Saline Water's program of research to reduce the cost of converting salt water to fresh water.

Department of Commerce

In 1963 the expenditures of the Department of Commerce for research and development are estimated at $90.8 million as compared with $48.0 million in 1962 and $30.8 million in 1961 . Of the increase of $42.8 million in 1963, $30.7 million is for the construction of facilities chiefly to complete the new center for the National Bureau of Stand- ards at Gaithersburg, Md.

A variety of research programs are conducted by the Department of Commerce — some in support of the missions of constituent bureaus and others to meet general needs of the Nation's science and industry. In the latter category are the programs of the National Bureau of Standards, which serves not only as the national laboratory for standardization and development of measurement techniques but also as a center for specialized research services in radio propagation, com- puter techniques, building technology, and cryogenics engineering.

A new program in 1963 is the research and technical assistance activities of the Area Redevelopment Administration.

610000 O -62 -EZ

338

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table G-10. NET BUDGET EXPENDITURES FOR FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS (in millions of dollars)

Based on existing and proposed legislation

	Func- tional code	Conduct of research and development	Research and develop- ment facilities
Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 esti- mate	1963 esti- mate
Executive Office of the President: Office of Emergency Planning	050 900	2.0 1.2
	1.3	0.2
Total, Executive Office of the President ..	3.3	1.3	.2'
	050 150 350
Funds appropriated to the President: Expansion of Defense Production: General Services Administration.	.2 2.2 1.1	(0 6.9 3.6
Foreign assistance — economic: Agency for International Devel- opment Special foreign currency programs: Translation of publications and scientific cooperation. _ . .	17.8	2.4	4.0	1.6
Total, funds appropriated to the President . _	3.5	10.5	17.8	2.4	4.0	1.6
	350 350 350 350 400 350
Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service Cooperative State Experiment Station Service	73.9 32.7 '"'9^8' 17.5 .9	75.3 35.8 7.9 7.2 21.4 1.3	81.1 38.2 10.5 6.1 23.1 1.8	6.0	5.6	6.2
Economic Research Service
Agricultural Marketing Service Forest Service _ .	1.0	.1 3.0	1.6 2.0
Other
Total, Department of Agri- culture -	134.8	148.9	160.9	7.0	8.7	9.8
	500 500 500 500 500
Department of Commerce: Area Redevelopment Administra-	'" "4:5" 16.6 4.5 1.8	.9 5.5 19.2 8.2 2.5	1.8 8.0 25.4 10.3 3.0
Maritime Administration
National Bureau of Standards Weather Bureau . ..	2.9 .5	11.4 .2	40.7 1.6
Other
Total, Department of Com- merce _ .		27.3	36.4	48.5	3.4	11.6	42.3
	050 050 400
Department of Defense: Military functions _ .. _	6.465.9 31.0 2.4	6,397.0 17.9 2.5	7,008.6 16.0 2.7	115.9	82.3	139.7
Military assistance
Civil functions
Total, Department of Defense.		6,499.3	6,417.4	7.027.3	115.9	82.3	139.7

' Less than $50 thousand.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

339

Table G-IO. NET BUDGET EXPENDITURES FOR FEDERAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS (in millions of dollars)— Continued

Based on existing and	proposed legislation-	—Continued
	Func- tional code	Conduct of research and development	Research and develop- ment facilities
Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate	1961 actual	1962 esti- mate	1963 esti- mate
Department of Health. Education, and Welfare: Food and Drug Administration Office of Education	650 700 650 650 650	3.1 11.1 7.5 329.7 1.2	3.5 11.2 10.6 494.5 2.5	4.1 20.6 12.2 583.4 4.0	(')	0.3	1.5
Office of Vocational Rehabilitation
Public Health Service Social Security Administration	30.9	35.6	54.1
Total, Department of Health. Education, and Welfare	352.7	522.3	624.3	30.9	35.9	55,6
Department of the Interior: Geological Survey	400 400 650 400 400 400	42.2 23.8 .9 19.2 1.9 1.4	46.0 24.8 .9 23.3 1.4 3.1	54.0 24.9 1.5 26.5 6.3 5.0
Bureau of Mines -.	.5	1.0	7,0
Fish and Wildlife Service	1.6 1.5	1.8 5.0	5,9
Officeof Saline Water --	2.7
Other
Total. Department of the In- terior . ..--	89.4	99.5	118.1	3.5	7.9	10.6
	650 500 150 900 500
Department of Labor Post Office Department.- _	2.4 6.3	3.7 8.6 .8	4.5 10.7 3.7
Department of State
Treasury Department: Bureau of Engraving and Printing	.3 .7	.3 .7	.3 .8
Coast Guard
Total. Treasury Department. .	1.0 843.0 49.8 (■) 646.1 18.5 .2 70.5 1.3 3.0 .2 1.3	1.0 1.049.4 57.0 .3 1.146.2 23.2 .2 84.5 1.6 3.1 .3 1.7	1.1 1.121.6 73.5 .8 2.115.2 24.3 .2 116.0 2.5 3.3 .5 .8
Atomic Energy Commission.. .	050 500 550 250 800 900 700 700 400 150 500	261.1 1.5	273.6 1.9	786 1
Federal Aviation Agency ..	3.4
Housing and Home Finance Agency
National Aeronautics and Space Administration	98.2 .9	153.8 2.2	784.8
Veterans' Administration	4.0
Civil Service Commission
National Science Foundation Smithsonian Institution	11.4	39.8	47.9
Tennessee Valley Authority.- - -	0) .8 0	(•) 3.3 .9	(')
United States Information Agency- _- Other	3.2 .4
Total, research and develop- ment	8,754.0	9.618.0	11.475.9	536.8	625.9	889.4

' Less than $50 thousand.

Special Analysis H FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

Federal aid to State and local governments in recent decades has become a major factor in the cooperative financing of essential gov- ernment functions. The rudiments of the present system date back 100 years to the Civil War with the enactment in 1862 of the Morrill Act which established the land-grant colleges and instituted certain federally required minimum standards, characteristic of the present grant-in-aid system. Federal aid was later initiated for agriculture, highways, vocational education and rehabilitation, forestry, and public health. In the depression years, Federal aid was extended to meet economic security and other social welfare needs.

In 1963 Federal financial assistance to State and local governments under existing or proposed programs will total an estimated $9.9 billion, including net expenditures of $6.3 billion from regular budget accounts and $3.6 billion from the Highway and Unemployment trust funds. The total includes $208 million under proposed legislation for education, public assistance, transportation, and school lunch programs.

Federal Aid to State and Local Governments

Budget and Trust Fund Expenditures

% Billions

10 -

1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 I960 1961 1962 1963 Fiscal Years Estimate

340

SPECIAL ANALYSES 341

The growth oj Federal aid programs. — In 10 years, total Federal aid to State and local governments will have more than tripled, rising from $2.9 billion in 1953 to an estimated $9.9 billion in 1963. In the same period, expenditures by State and local governments from their own funds wUl have more than doubled. Although the number and variety of Federal aid programs have increased markedly in the last several decades, nearly two-thirds of total expenditures in 1963 for assistance to State and local governments will be for highway construc- tion and public assistance grants. Over the last decade, highway construction grants have increased more than sixfold, rising from $501 million in 1953 to an estimated $3.3 billion in 1963, the largest increase in Federal aid for any purpose during this period. Grants for public assistance have more than doubled since 1953, increasing from $1.3 billion to an estimated $2.8 billion in 1963.

Increasing population and rapid urbanization have led to greater responsibility, particularly at the State and local level, for providing essential public services in education, health, housing, urban renewal, highways and public transportation, and tlie safeguarding of economic security. While the major burden of such public services rests with the 90,000 State and local governmental jurisdictions, the Federal Government has a vital role, both through direct operation of pro- grams and by providing financial assistance to State and local govern- ments.

The task of providing public services can be facilitated through improved intergovernmental cooperation and coordination concerning revenue sources and expenditure programs. The Advisory Commis- sion on Intergovernmental Relations, established in 1959 for this and other purposes, has made a valuable beginning in identifying some of the areas in which intergovernmental action could improve the efficiency of the several levels of government.

Major program increases for 1963. — For 1963, the total of budget and trust fund expenditures under existing and proposed programs for financial assistance to other levels of government is expected to be $1,216 million more than in 1962 and $2,613 million larger than the actual total for 1961. The major increases over the 1962 estimate are expected to be in total Federal-aid highway construction, which is estimated to increase b.\' $227 million to $3,258 million; in public assistance, which is estimated to increase by $206 million to $2,775 million; in the educational assistance programs, which are estimated to rise b^' $152 million to a total of $694 million; in the civil defense programs, which will increase by $114 million to a total of $135 mil- lion; in contributions of surplus agricultural commodities to State programs, which are estimated to rise by $103 million to $533 million; and in the housing and community development programs which will rise b}' $224 million to a total of $753 million. The remaining increase is distributed among other programs including area redevelopment, hospital construction, community and environmental health activi- ties, school lunch and special milk programs, and watershed protection and flood prevention.

New programs proposed for 1963. — Federal aid to State and local governments would be affected by several of the recommendations for legislative change or for new programs which are provided for in the 1963 budget. Among those for which specific amounts are included in this analysis are: (1) grants to State and local governments for

342

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

construction of civil defense shelters in selected community buildings, such as schools and hospitals, $105 million ; (2) grants to States for pub- lic elementary and secondary school construction and teachers' salaries, $90 million; (3) grants to States for projects to improve the quality of elementary and secondary education, $19 million; (4) loans for the construction and modernization of college classrooms, laboratories, libraries, and related facilities, $8 million; (5) grants to States for the improvement of public welfare programs, $93 million; (6) amend- ment of the National School Lunch Act, $20 million; and (7) selective Federal assistance to help improve public transportation in urban areas, $15 million. The analysis also reflects the effect of proposed legislation to reduce assistance to schools in federally' affected areas for children whose parents work on Federal property but live on taxable property.

Federal aid programs by agency. — The detailed table at the end of this analysis lists the various programs of Federal financial assistance to State and local governments by type of aid and by agency. In 1963, Federal-aid expenditures by the Department of Health, Educa- tion, and Welfare, primarily for public assistance grants, will total $3,747 million, or 38% of total Federal-aid payments. Grants by the Department of Commerce for highway construction and other pro- grams will total $3,322 million, or 34% of total Federal aid. Federal- aid expenditures in 1963 by other agencies will make up the remaining

Table H-1. FEDERAL-AID BUDGET AND TRUST FUND EXPENDITURES BY AGENCY (in millions of dollars)

Agency

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

Executive Office of the President

Funds appropriated to the President

Department of Agriculture

Department of Commerce

Department of Defense — Military

Department of Defense — Civil

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Department of the Interior

Department of Labor

Department of State

Treasury Department

Federal Aviation Agency

General Services Administration

Housing and Home Finance Agency

Veterans Administration

Other independent offices

District of Columbia '

Total, budget and trust fund expenditures for Federal aid

12.5

13.4

685.4

2,623.1

1.5

2.891.0

114.9

369.3

1.4

25.0

64.8

1.2

407.3

9.0

15.7

47.9

7.283.4

1.2

13.9

897.3

3.055.6

19.6

1.6

3.389.4

120.8

380.6

9.0

26.8

81.2

.7

567.3

8.8

19.9

87.2

,680.

10.8

1.038.5

3.321.6

134.7

22.7

3.746.7

130.1

403.1

8.0

27.0

76.0

1.3

857.7

8.8

27.5

82.1

9.896.6

1 Represents Federal payments, contributions, and loans to the District of Columbia for opera- tions and capital improvements.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

343

28% of the total, with the hirgest ^unounts by the Department of Agriculture, 10%; the Housing and Home Finance Agency, 9%; and the Department of Labor, 4%.

Federal aid in relation to total Federal and State-local outlays. — Estimated Federal aid in 1963 to State and local governments from budget accounts alone of $6,278 million will represent approxhnately 7% of total Federal budget expenditures. Total financial aid from budget and trust accounts of $9,897 million will represent about 9% of estimated total Federal cash pa>'ments to the public. As a source of State and local revenue. Federal-aid payments from both trust fund and budget accounts in 1961 was about one-seventh of all general revenue available to these jurisdictions.

Table H-2. FEDERAL-AID EXPENDITURES IN RELATION TO TOTAL FEDERAL EXPENDITURES AND TO STATE-LOCAL REVENUE

	Net budget expenditures for aid to State and local governments	Total expenditures for ai and local governments, trust accounts	d to State budget and
	Amount (millions)	As a per- cent of total Federal budget expenditures	Amount (millions)	As a per- cent of total cash pay- ments to the public	As a per- cent of State- local revenue '
1953	$2,857 2.657 3.124 3.753 3.159 3.576 4.012 4.259 4.326 5.304 6.278	4 4 5 6 5 5 5 6 5 6 7	$2,857 2.657 3.124 3.753 4.111 5.072 6.813 7.174 7.283 8.681 9.897	4 4 4 5 5 6 7 8 7 8 9	12
1954	10
1955 ... .. . -- .- .	11
1956	12
1957	II
1958	12
1959 .. . _	15
I960	14
1961	14
1962 estimate	0)
1963 estimate	(2)

' Based on compilations published by Governments Division, Bureau of the Census. Excludes State-local revenue from publicly operated utilities, liquor stores, and insurance trust systems. ' Not available.

Types of Federal aid. — Federal financial assistance to State and local governments takes the form of direct grants-in-aid, shared revenue, and net loans and repayable advances. Grants to States are the most significant type of Federal aid. In 1963, it is estimated that $9,369 million or 94.7% of total expenditures for all three types of aid will take the form of grants-in-aid. Shared revenue \vill account for $134 million, or 1.3%, and net loans and repayable advances, $394 million, or 4% of the grand total. Apart from these types of Federal aid, many other Federal expenditures affect the finances of State and local governments which are not included in this analysis, such as con- tractual paj^ments or grants to public institutions for research and training in special fields. A more detailed explanation of the types of Federal aid included in this analysis can be found in The Budget of the U.S. Government, 1960, pages 982-988, or is available upon request to the Bureau of the Budget, Washington 25, D.C.

344

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table H-3. FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

(in millions of dollars)

Agency and program	Func- tional code	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
BUDGET ACCOUNTS 1 Grants-in-aid Executive Office of the President: Office of Emergency Planning: Federal contributions and research and development ^	050 650 900	12.5	1.2
Funds appropriated to the President: Disaster relief	7.3 6.0	7.8 6.1	7.8
Transitional grant to Alaska.	3.0
Total, Funds appropriated to the President. .	13.4	13.9	10.8
	350 350 350 350 350 350 400 650 650
Department of Agriculture: Commodity Credit Corporation and removal of surplus agricultural commodities: Contributions to school lunch and to other public agencies Cooperative agricultural extension work..	267.5 65.0 32.0 32.4 1.2	430.3 68.0 35.0 43.4 1.3 .5 15.3 271.7	533.3 69.7
Agricultural experiment stations	37.3
Watershed protection and flood prevention . .	58.3
Payments to States, and possessions: Agricultural Marketing Service. . ..	1.3
Farmers Home Administration: Farm housing pro- gram ..	.5
Forest protection and utilization, and assistance to States for tree planting .	11.4 238.7	15.7
School lunch and special milk programs.	268.2
Proposed legislation: School lunch program	20.0
Total, Department of Agriculture ..	648.3	865.5	1,004.4
	500 500 500 500
Department of Commerce: Area redevelopment assistance .. ..		15.0 35.7	30.0
Forest and public lands highways ..	31.8	37.9
Contrcrl of outdoor advertising	4.6
State marine schools .. .	.5	.6	.6
Total, Department of Commerce.	32.3	51.3	73.0
	050 400 650 650 650 650 650 650 650 650 650 650 700 700 700
Department of Defense — Military: Civil defense shelters and financial assistance _		19.6	134.7
Department of Defense — Civil: Corps of Engineers: Payment to California, flood control ..		15.0
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Public assistance Proposed legislation: Public welfare improvement Hospital construction activities ..	2.167.0	2,569.0	2,682.2 93.0
157.2 (93.2) 44.1 25.7 14.5 51.5 54.9 3.6 266.9	172.6 (102.6) 45.0 38.3 17.4 68.9 63.9 4.9 280.2	191.0
Portion to private nonprofit institutions Construction of waste treatment facilities. ..	(114. 0) 55.0
Community and environmental health activities National Institutes of Health .	54.9 20.2
Maternal and child welfare . .	75.4
Vocational rehabilitation. .	72.6
Other health and welfare programs .	4.7
Assistance to schools in federally affected areas Proposed legislation: Assistance to schools in federally affected areas .	279.6 -36.0
Defense educational activities _. .- ..	50.2	64.9	72.8

See footnotes at end of table.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

345

Table H-3. FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS— Con.

(In millions of dollars)

Agency and program

BUDGET ACCOUNTS i— Continued Grants-in-aid — Continued

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare — Con.

Vocational education

Other aid to education

Proposed legislation: Aid to public elementary and secondary education- Improvement in educational quality

Total, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

Department of the Interior:

Federal aid in fish and wildlife restoration

Other natural resource programs

Bureau of Indian Affairs: Education and welfare

services

Grants to territories and Alaska public works.

Total, Department of the Interior

Department of Labor: Administration of employment security programs

Department of State: East- West Cultural and Technical Interchange Center

Federal Aviation Agency: Federal-aid airport program

General Services Administration: Hospital facilities in D.C. (private nonprofit)

Housing and Home Finance Agency:

Urban renewal and planning

Low rent public housing program

Open space program

Urban mass transportation program

Proposed legislation: Urban mass transportation

program

Low-income housing demonstration program

Total, Housing and Home Finance Agency.

Veterans Administration: State homes and State super- vision of schools and training establishments

National Capital Planning Commission: Acquisition of lands in Maryland and Virginia

Small Business Administration: Research and manage- ment counseling

District of Columbia: Federal payment and contributions.

Total, grants-in-aid

Shared revenue

Department of Agriculture: National forest and grass- lands funds, payments to States and counties

Department of Defense — Civil: Corps of Engineers: Flood Control Act of 1 954 payments

Func- tional code

700 700

700 700

400 400

700 900

650

150 500

900

550 550 550 550

550 550

800

550

500 550

400 400

1961 actual

39.8 15.6

2.891.0

20.9 1.1

5.7 9.0

36.8

2.2

1.4 64.8

144.0 140.2

284.2

9.0

.9

27.7

4.025.0

36.1 1.5

1962 estimate

40.4 23.9

3,389.4

19.5 1.9

7.1 15.8

44.3

9.0

81.2

.3

215.4

165.6

8.0

7.9

397.6

.9 30.0

4,913.2

25.7 1.6

1963 estimate

41.4 23.2

90.0 19.0

3.739.2

21.6 1.6

8.6 21.8

53.5

8.0 76.0

334.5

185.4

42.0

12.9

15.0 2.5

592.3

1.2

32.3

5.749.9

29.7 1.7

See footnotes at end of table.

346

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table H-3. FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS— Con.

(in millions of dollars)

Agency and program	Func- tional code	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
BUDGET ACCOUNTS l— Continued Shared revenue — Continued Department of the Interior: Mineral Leasing Act payments . _-	400 400 400 900	34.7 16.3 3.2 6.5	38.3 14.5 2.7 6.2	42.0
Oregon and California land-grant fund payments Other payments to States and counties Internal revenue collections: Virgin Islands	15.5 3.2 7.0
Total, Department of the Interior	60.6	61.6	67.7
	900 400 400
Treasury Department: Tax collections for Puerto Rico... Federal Power Commission: Federal Power Act Tennessee Valley Authority: Payments in lieu of taxes. ..	25.0 .1 6.5	26.8 .1 6.7	27.0 .1 7.7
Total, shared revenue _ - _ _ .	129.7	122.5	133.9
	350 500 900 700 400 900 900 550 550 700 500 500 500 650
Loans and repayable advances (net) Department of Agriculture: Watershed protection and flood prevention. . .. . --	I.l	6.1 8.4	4.5
Department of Commerce: Area redevelopment Department of Defense — Civil: Corps of Engineers: Con- struction of power systems, Ryukyu Islands	32.7
	6.0
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Pro- posed legislation: Aid to higher education			7.5
Department of the Interior: Irrigation projects -	16.6 .9	14.9	8.9
Total, Department of the Interior	17.6	14.9	8.9
General Services Administration: Hospital facilities in D.C. (private nonprofit)	.6	.3	.7
Housing and Home Finance Agency: Public facilities . . .	9.0 14.1 100.0	27.0 17.6 125.0	59.0
Other housing and community development	18.9
College housing - ..	187.5
Total, Housing and Home Finance Agency	123.1	169.6	265.4
Small Business Administration: State and local develop- ment companies - .. ... .	8.3 20.2	12.0 57.2	18.4
District of Columbia: Capital outlays and operations	49.8
Total, loans and repayable advances (net)	170.8	268.6	393.9
Total, net budget expenditures .	4,325.5	5,304.3	6,277.7
TRUST FUNDS 1 Grants-in-aid Department of Commerce: Highway trust fund: Federal aid highways	2,590.8 356.4	2,995.9 379.7	3,215.8
Department of Labor: Unemployment trust fund: Ad- ministration of employment security programs	403.1
Total, grants-in-aid . - -	2.947.2	3,375.7	3,618.9

See footnotes at end of table.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

347

Table H-3. FEDERAL AID TO STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS— Con.

(in millions of dollars)

Agency and program	Func- tional code	I96I actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
TRUST FUNDS i-Continued Loans and repayable advances Department of Labor : Unemployment trust fund	650	10.7	.8
Total, trust fund expenditures	2.957.9	3.376.5	3.618.9
Total, budget and trust fund expenditures for Federal aid ^.,- _ _	7.283.4	8.680.8	9.896.6
SUMMARY BY FUNCTIONS National defense . . .	050 150 350 400 500 500 550 650 650 700 800 900	12.5 1.4 399.3 148.3 2,622.6 74.5 355.2 2,167.0 966.8 478.2 9.0 48.7	20.8 9.0 584.6 141.0 3,031.6 118.1 529.7 2,569.0 1.071.1 541.5 8.8 55.6	134.7
International affairs and finance Agriculture and agricultural resources. ._	8.0 704.9
Natural resources..	162.6
Commerce and transportation: Highway construction .. .. .	3.258.3
Other	157.8
Housing and community development	753.5
Health, labor, and welfare: Public assistance	2.775.2
Other	1.173.0
Education.. _ . . . .	693.7
Veterans benefits and services General government .	8.8 66.1
Total, budget and trust fund expenditures for Federal aid ^ .	7,283.4	8.680.8	9.896.6

Note. — Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding.

' Many expenditures listed under budget accounts and trust funds are part of larger appropriation accounts or trust accounts.

2 These programs were transferred to the Department of Defense in 1962.

' Includes $7,101.9 million in 1961 for total budget and trust fund expenditures for grants-in-aid and shared revenue which are distributed by States in the 1961 Annual Rcporl of the Secretary of the Treasury, table 88, part A, "Federal Aid Payments to State and Local Units."

Special Analysis I

PRINCIPAL FEDERAL STATISTICAL PROGRAMS

The principal programs in the 1963 budget designed to collect statistical information for the use of the Government and the public are summarized in two categories: current and periodic. Recom- mendations for the current programs, reflecting the continuing year- to-year statistical activity of the various agencies, total $61.9 million in 1963, an increase of $9.1 million over 1962. The periodic statistical programs — the large-scale census-type surveys characteristically undertaken once or twice a decade — total $11.5 million for 1963, $1.3 million less than the amount available in 1962.

The functions of collection, processing, and publication of current general purpose statistical information are often closely related to otner agency objectives. To indicate the interrelationships of the statistical programs carried out by different agencies and to aid in evaluating the Government's overall statistical system, the significant components of curient Federal statistical activity are brought to- gether and classified by broad subject areas in this special analysis. These areas and the amounts involved are summarized in table I-l .

The current statistical programs included in this analysis represent a substantial part of the collection and processing activities of the Federal Government. Siace it is not always possible to separate the production or use of data from other aspects of agency adminis- trative responsibility, some statistical activity is not included. Nor has any attempt been made to include resources used in applications of statistical methodology to other than data collection and use. That portion of the work of the Bureau of Employment Security in

Table I-l. DIRECT OBLIGATIONS FOR PRINCIPAL CURRENT STATISTI- CAL PROGRAMS, BY BROAD SUBJECT AREAS (in millions of dollars)

Program	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Labor statistics (Departments of Labor and Agriculture) Demographic and social statistics (Departments of Commerce, Agriculture, and Health, Education, and Welfare)	10.3 6.4 4.3 20.2 1.3 5.8	11.8 7.0 4.4 22.0 1.5 6.1	14.3 8.5
Prices and price indexes (Departments of Labor and Agriculture), Production and distribution statistics (Departments of Agricul- ture and Commerce) .	5.1 24.9
Construction and housing statistics (Department of Commerce) . National income and business financial accounts (Departments of Commerce, Treasury, and Agriculture; Federal Trade Com- mission, and Securities and Exchange Commission)	1.7 7.3
Total, principal current programs -	48.4	52.8	61.9

348

SPECIAL ANALYSES 349

the Department of Labor resulting in current statistical data of general use is included in the 1963 analysis for the first time. Comparability with data shown in previous analyses is also affected by organizational changes relating to statistical work within the Department of Agriculture.

Recommendations for the periodic programs, for 1963 reflect the completion of the Eighteenth Decennial Census and include funds needed to complete the 1962 Census of Governments and to start operational work on the 1963 Censuses of Business, Transportation, Manufactures, and Mineral Industries. In addition, funds are recommended to provide for modernizing the present electronic equipment in the Bureau of the Census. Funds are also included for the fourth year of the 5-year project to revise the Consumer Price Index.

The agencies included in the analysis of both current and periodic programs and the sums involved are shown in table 1-2.

Objectives of the Federal Statistical System

The continuing objectives of the Federal statistical system are to provide accurate, comprehensive, and timely data needed for the operations of the Government, to insure the efficient utilization of Government resources with minimum burden on respondents, and to furnish the public with information about the functioning of the economy and the welfare of the people. The data produced are used in the study of social and economic problems, in the formulation of Government ajid business programs, and in the evaluation of basic trends and activities.

The attainment of these objectives requires continuous considera- tion of the balance between competing purposes so as to achieve maximum benefit to the Government and the public. The rate at which needed improvements in statistics are carried out is limited not only by available funds, but by the supply of skilled personnel and other resources. The 1963 budget recommendations provide for acceleration of efforts to achieve a better balanced, more adequate current statistical program for the Government as a whole.

CURRENT PROGRAMS

Labor statistics. — Almost half of the increase of $2.5 million over the 1962 level recommended in this broad area is for extension and im- provement of manpower and employment data. Emphasis will be placed oh studying the effects of technological change, the determi- nants of labor force growtli, the factors affecting worker mobility, the problems of selected groups with high unemployment rates, and similar problems.

Other subjects on which improved data are sought include wages and industrial relations, measurement of productivity, industrial hazards, foreign labor conditions, and social security programs.

Demographic and social statistics. — In this area an increase of $1.5 million is provided for three agencies. An increment of $0.7 million over 1962 for the National Center for Healtli Statistics in the Public Health Service will permit full scale operation of the National Health Survey and will provide for studies of vital statistics in relation to data from the 1960 Census of Population. The increase of $0.5 million

350

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 19 63

Table 1-2. DIRECT OBLIGATIONS FOR PRINCIPAL STATISTICAL PROGRAMS, BY AGENCY (in millions of dollars)

Agency	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
CURRENT PROGRAMS Department of Agriculture: Economic Research Service (except Foreign economic analyses). Statistical Reporting Service . ._	8.3 8.1 9.6 1.5 .9 4.0 1.3 11.1 3.1 .3 .2	8.5 8.8 10.8 1.6 1.0 4.5 1.5 12.4 3.2 .3 .2	9.3 9,7
Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census .- . .	13.0
Office of Business Economics. . . ...	1.9
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Office of Education: Educational statistics .	1.3
Public Health Service: National health statistics.	5.2
Department of Labor: Bureau of Employment Security: Statistical activities. Bureau of Labor Statistics	1.8 15.3
Treasury Department: Internal Revenue Service: Statistical reporting	3.9
Federal Trade Commission: Financial statistics .	.3
Securities and Exchange Commission: Operational and business statistics . . .- . .	.3
Total, current programs ... _.	48.4	52.8	61.9
PERIODIC PROGRAMS Department of Commerce: Bureau of the Census: 1962 Census of Governments.. .	.1	1.1 1.0	1.4
1 963 economic censuses . . .	3.2
1964 Census of Agriculture		.7
Modernization of computing equipment . . . .			3.7
Eighteenth Decennial Census . . . . .	18.0 2.0 1.3	8.4 .2 2.1	1.1
1958 economic censuses
Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics: Revision of Consumer Price Index	1.3
Total, periodic programs .	21.4	12.8	11.5
Total, principal statistical programs	69.9	65.6	73.4

Note. — Detail will not necessarily add to totals because of rounding.

recommended for the Bureau of the Census in this area provides for improvements in popuhition estimates and projections and for explor- ation of problems involved in developing a national register of dwelling units. An increase is also included for the Office of Education to further strengthen its program of basic statistics on the educational system.

Prices and price indexes. — The increase in this area ($0.8 million) will enable work to be started on specific improvements which are recog-

SPECIAL ANALYSES 351

nized us urgently needed. In addition to increasing the number of items priced and the number of price quotations per city for the Consumer Price Index, provision is made for research on concepts and on the measurement of quality and for the improvement of various types of price indexes, including farm prices.

Production and distribution statistics. — TJiis broad area, the largest shown here, involves a recom.n\ended increase of $2.9 nullion over 1962. About half of this increase is for iniproving agricultural statistics in the Department of Agriculture, including a planned expansion of the enum.erative survey designed to improve crop and livestock estimates, and various studies on farm economic problems. The balance of the increase is for improvements in Bureau of the Census series covering data on retail, wholesale, and service trade; industry; foreign trade; the consumer anticipations survey; and other subjects.

Construction and housing statistics. — The increase ($0.2 million) in this area is equally divided between Bureau of the Census projects for the development of a price index for residential construction and for collecting information on construction expenditures of State and local governments.

National income and business financial accounts. — Over half of the total increase of $1.2 million in this area is for the improvement and extension of the use of existing records of the Internal Revenue Service to get more information on capital gains, depletion, deprecia- tion, and other topics of economic importance ($0.7 million). Most of the balance of the increase is for programs within the Department of Commerce and covers such projects as improving data for n^easur- ing the balance of payments and initiating annual estimates of national income for the larger metropolitan areas.

PERIODIC PROGRAMS

The periodic statistical programs for 1963 include (1) the major censuses scheduled by law at 5- or 10-year intervals; (2) the revision of the Consumer Price Index; and (3) the Census Bureau's program to modernize its data processing systems equipment.

The funds sliown are for the completion of processing and publica- tion for the 1960 decennial censuses and include the amount needed to complete the 1962 Census of Governments. The amounts for the 1963 economic censuses cover the second year of a planned 5-year program. Preparatory funds for the 1964 Census of Agriculture, to be taken in October 1964, are for the first year of a 4-year program. Funds in the 1963 budget also cover tlie fouith year of a 5->ear pro- gram to revise the Consumer Price Index ($1.3 million). A request for $4.1 million would provide funds to be expended over 2 years for modernizing the present electronic equipment in the Bureau of the Census.

Special Analysis J FOREIGN CURRENCY AVAILABILITIES AND USES

Many agencies of the Government are engaged in activities through- out the world wliich involve payments in foreign currencies. From some governmental activities, particularly the sale on concessional terms of surplus agricultural commodities, foreign currencies accrue to the Government without purchase with dollars. This analysis presents in summary form data on foreign currency availabilities and uses.

Table J-1. CASH AVAILABILITY OF FOREIGN CURRENCIES (in millions of dollar equivalents)

	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
For U.S. uses: Excess currencies Nonexcess currencies: Restricted Unrestricted _ -_	875 139 278	],029 135 325	1,271 112 313
Subtotal, for U.S. uses -	1.292 2,427	1,489 2,420	1,697
For country uses	2,330
Total	3,719	3,908	4,027

Foreign currency availabilities are divided in table J-1 between those available for U.S. uses and those available for country uses. In botli cases the currencies belong to this Government and are kept in Treasury accounts or those of other Government agencies. The country use currencies, however, are committed by the terms of the international agreements under which they are received to be used on a loan or grant basis for mutually beneficial purposes in the country by agreement with its government. U.S. use currencies, on the other hand, are available for the purposes of U.S. agencies.

U.S. use currencies are furtlier divided between those which are excess and those which are none.xcess. The excess currencies are those of which the Treasury has found (after reviewing the amounts of currency on hand, prospective receipts for U.S. uses, and prospective requirements) the supply to be great enough to more than cover the demand for the next 2 or 3 years. For 1963, a prospective excess condition is anticipated in Indonesia and Syria, in addition to tlie seven countries (Burma, India, Israel, Pakistan, Poland, United Arab Kepublic (Egypt), and Yugoslavia) which were determined to be excess-currency countries for 1962. 352

SPECIAL ANALYSES 353

Some nonoxcess U.S. use currencies are restricted in that tliey liave liad conditions placed on their use by international agreement wliich require their use for particular purposes. Such currencies are not, therefore, available to finance regular U.S. activities and must be reserved, frequently for lower priority programs. Restrictions of this nature arc currently being avoided to the extent possible.

Most currencies accrue to the credit of the United States because of past or current international agreements authorized under several laws. In most cases, these international agreements deal with sales arrangements, wherein commodities (usually surplus agricultural com- modities) are sold to a foreign purchaser for currencies, or with loans, wherein dollars or foreign currencies themselves are lent to foreign borrowers and may be repaid in the currency of the borrower. Cur- rencies also become available in much smaller amounts under other kinds of international agreements and from the normal operations of the U.S. Government abroad.

Limits on uses of foreign currencies. — The amount of foreign cur- rencies accruing to the credit of the United States is large and is in- creasing. However, international agreements, and in n^any cases the nature of the economy on which they are a clain\ restrict the use of the greater part of these currencies.

First, sales of agricultural conimodities, through which most of the currencies are acquired, are often largely" concessional. In these trans- actions the international financial position of the purchasing country is usually such that it must minimize the real cost of the sales to itself in terms of export of its resources. As a result, large amounts of currencies acquired by the United States from the sale of farm com- modities are restricted by the sales agreement so they can only be loaned or granted back to the buying country.

Second, virtually all of the currencies are inconvertible under the laws and regulations of the purchasing countries. This means they cannot be freely used to buy goods in third countries. Neither can they be exchanged for another currency which we may be able to use.

Need for foreign currencies. — Many agencies of the U.S. Government carry on activities overseas in which foreign currencies are needed. As indicated in table J-2, the need for foreign currencies in U.S. operations often does not correspond to their availability on a country- by-country basis. In the normal course of its worldwide operations the Government must purchase large amounts of the currencies of many countries while at the same time accumulating large inconvertible balances of others.

Procedure for use of foreign currencies. — Normally, when an agency requires foreign currencies to carry out its activities, it must, by Treas- ury regulation, seek to buy such currencies from the Treasury De- partment. If the particular foreign currencies required are not available, they must be purchased through banking channels. Treas- ury sales are generally at the most advantageous rate at which currencies may be legally obtained, and thus foreign currency expendi- tures are reported on a comparable basis whether obtained from Treasury or commercial sources.

All currencies purchased by agencies are reflected in Treasury and agency accounts and in the budget as dollar expenditures as they are used, with a corresponding credit to miscellaneous receipts or to the fund (e.g., Commodity Credit Corporation) which financed the trans- action from which the currency derived.

354

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table J-2. FOREIGN CURRENCIES AVAILABLE TO MEET U.S. REQUIREMENTS, 1963 (in millions of dollar equivalents)

	Supply	Requirements (expend- itures)	Amounts available for use after 1963	Require- ments for
Country	Other than special programs	Special programs	cial pur- chase in 1963
Excess currencies: Burma . . ..	11 408 31 60 153 469 8 60 70	2 n 1 2 15 4 * 2 5	2 12 I 3 4 2 3 3	7 385 29 55 134 463 8 55 62
India. -_ _.
Indonesia . .
Israel. _ . _.
Pakistan. . .
Poland
Syria. .
UAR (Egypt)
Yugoslavia .. .
Total excess currencies.	1.271	42	30	1.198
Nonexcess currencies: Canada	1 11 22 16 21 9 16 329	183 219 1.129 68 261 40 113 282			182
France Germany, Federal Republic of Italy Japan Philippines United Kingdom Other countries	1 1 1 * 1 13	5 1 4 6 2 6 193	215 1.108 57 247 33 104 160
Total nonexcess currencies	425	2.295	16	217	2.105
Total	1.697	2.337	47	1.416	2.105

*Less than one-half million dollars.

U.S. uses of foreign currencies. — Table J-3 summarizes foreign cur- rency transactions of U.S. use currencies as they are reflected in the budget.

Recommendations Jar special uses, 1963. — -Most U.S. uses of foreign currencies are covered by unrestricted dollar appropriations. For those situations where currencies are available in the Treasury in excess of amounts needed for regular appropriations or where there remain unobligated balances of currencies restricted by international agreement or understanding for particular U.S. uses, separate appro- priations are proposed for special foreign currency programs. These appropriations are summarized in table J-4.

SPECIAL ANALYSES

355

Table J-3. SUMMARY OF FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS, U.S. USES (in millions of dollar equivalents)

	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Cash balances brought forward: Excess currencies _._ .... __ .. _	547 87 141	811 99 128	977
Nonexcess currencies: Restricted Nonrestricted	93 129
Subtotal, cash balances brought forward	775	1.037	1.200
Collections: Public Law 480 sales...	385 30 2 10 22 4 18 16 17 14	244 22	289
Foreign assistance program: U.S. portion of counterpart deposits .	13
Recoveries, sec. 104(d), title I, Public Law 480
Other nonloan collections: Contributions for support of U.S. forces abroad .	6 20 6 19 11 34 25 36	7
Surplus property and lend-lease	18
Informational media guarantees . . .__	5
Interest on public deposits. - . _. . ...	19
Miscellaneous . .	6
Loan repayments (principal and interest) : Public Law 480 loans	49
Mutual security loans . . .	28
Development Loan Fund . ...	63
Subtotal, collections Transfer of Development Loan Fund balances from country uses.	517	423 29	497
Total availabilities ..	1.292	1.489	1.697
Expenditures: Without dollar control With dollar credits to- Miscellaneous receipts of the general fund. .	20 90 98 3 6	22 116 146 3 *	12 114
Commodity Credit Corporation fund. Agriculture Informational media guarantee fund, USI A Foreign buildings program. State	152 3 *
Subtotal, expenditures Adjustments due to changes in exchange rates	217 -37	289	281
Cash balances carried forward	1.037	1.200	1 1.416

*Less than one-half million dollars.

I Consists of: $1,217 million excess currencies; $85 million nonexcess restricted currencies; and $115 million nonexcess nonrestricted currencies.

356

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table J-4. SPECIAL FOREIGN CURRENCY PROGRAM APPROPRIATIONS- NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY (in thousands of dollar equivalents)

	1961 enacted	1962 enacted	1963 estimate
Library of Congress: Collection and distribution of library materials - .. _		364 5.265 3,444 1,000 1,372 9,000 1,607	710
Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service: Salaries and expenses Foreign Agricultural Service: Salaries and expenses Department of Commerce : National Bureau of Standards : Research and technical services	15,131 14,175	5.265 4,000 1,000
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare: Office of Education : Salaries and expenses Office of Vocational Rehabilitation: Research and training Public Health Service: Scientific activities overseas Social Security Administration: Research and training. Bureau of Reclamation: General investigations	31 930 3,707	400 2.000 2.800 1.800 2.500
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries: Management and investigations of resources		300 4,650 7,400 9.300 250	300
Department of State: Acquisition, operation, and maintenance of buildings abroad International educational exchange activities United States Information Agency: Salaries and expenses Special international exhibits	4,500 6,600 3,000 1.096	2.205
9.000 400
Total	49.170	43.952	32.380

Authorizations are distributed as follows: To purchase excess currencies To purchase nonexcess currencies	17,938 31,232	39.969 3,983	32,380
Total	49.170	43.952	32,380

U.S. uses without dollar' controls. — The balances of pre-1961 alloca- tions for defense family housing and for exports to third countries have not yet been fully expended, and account for all of the estimated expenditures in 1963 without dollar control and the bulk of such expenditures in 1961 and 1962. The only new authorization estinuxted for 1963 results from the sale of surplus buildings abroad. These uses are summarized in table J-5.

Country uses. — A far larger amount of foreign currencies are used outside of the appropriations process for loans and grants in the host country. These are country use currencies which are committed by the terms of the sales agreements of surplus agricultural commodities to be used for programs of mutual benefit in agreement with the host

SPECIAL ANALYSES

357

country. These purposes include the common defense, economic development, and loans to American and certain foreign private enterprise. These uses are summarized in table J-6.

Table J-5. SUMMARY OF U.S. USES WITHOUT DOLLAR CONTROLS (in thousands of dollar equivalents)

1961 actual

1962 estimate

1963 estimate

New authorizations to expend foreign currency receipts Department of State

Expenditures:

Agency for International Development

Department of Agriculture

Department of Defense

Department of State

Total expenditures

5,748

585

8.678

22

11,496

337

9,000

1

13,069

20,533

22,070

500

6,452

5,328

,780

Table J-6. SUMMARY OF FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS- COUNTRY USES (in millions of dollar equivalents)

	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Cash balances brought forward	1,642	1,544	1,482
Collections: Public Law 480 sales..- . .	603 161 23	832 72	813
Foreign assistance program Development Loan Fund ...	34
Subtotal, collections Transfer of Development Loan Fund balances to U.S. uses.	786	904 -29	848
Total availabilities	2,427	2.420	2,330
Expenditures: Without dollar control: Public Law 480 country loans and grants Public Law 480 loans to private enterprise	464 20 207 4 15	745 48 136	955 50
Other foreign assistance programs With dollar credits to-	83
Military assistance appropriation	8
Subtotal, expenditures Adjustments due to changes in exchange rates	709 -173	937	1,087
Cash balances carried forward	1,544	1,482	1,243

Special Analysis K PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUND OPERATIONS

Budget expenditures include the net operations of 84 public enter- prise funds. The programs of these funds are included in the discus- sion of budget programs appearing in parts 4 and 5 of the Budget. However, this analysis gives supplementary information with respect to some of the financial transactions of such funds.

The public enterprise funds are revolving funds, owned by the Government, which finance a cycle of operations, in which tlie expendi- tures generate receipts coming primarily from outside the Federal Government and* available for continuing use. They include nearly all of the Government-owned corporations, the postal fund, and various unincorporated enterprises. Many of them carry on lending opera- tions directly with the public (and a few are specifically set up to finance loans to trust funds). Other public enterprise funds carry on other business-type activities such as insurance, generation of power, purchasing and selling, and transportation activities.

EXPENDITURES AND RECEIPTS

The net expenditures of public enterprise funds are estimated at $4.1 billion for 1963. This sum is derived from an estimate of $19.9 billion of gross expenditures, and $15.8 billion of applicable receipts from operations. The relevant figures are stated in table K-1. The Commodity Credit Corporation and the postal fund together account for far more than half of the transactions. The Commodity Credit Corporation transactions exclude the special activities of the Corporation for which the major financing is from appropriated funds.

The expenditures shown above include interest expenses paid to the general fund of the Treasury by a number of funds whose capital is intercGt-bearing. Such expenditures (which are a part of the inter- fund deduction on table 1 and other tables on budget receipts and expenditures) amount to $640 million in 1961, $642 million in 1962. and $678 million in 1963.

The applicable receipts shown in table K-1 are generally from outside the Government. However, they include a few intragovern- mental transactions; notably, the payments received by the postal fund from the appropriation for the expense of public services, the sales of Tennessee Valley Authority power to Government agencies (accounting for over $100 million a year of its receipts), and subsidy payments from Veterans Administration appropriations for its guaran- teed loan program. Such intragovernmental receipts are estimated at $297 million for 1961, $413 million for 1962, and $518 million for 1963.

NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND WRITE-OFFS

Capital requirements of the public enterprise funds are generally supplied through grants of new obligational authority from the general fund. These usually take the form of either appropriations or

358

SPECIAL ANALYSES

359

Table K-I. GROSS EXPENDITURES AND APPLICABLE RECEIPTS OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUNDS (in millions of dollars)

Description

GROSS EXPENDI- TURES

1961

1962

1963

RECEIPTS FROM OPERATIONS

1961

1962

1963

Funds appropriated to the President:

Foreign assistance — Economic

Other

Department of Agriculture:

Commodity Credit Corporation

Other

Department of Commerce

Department of Defense:

Military

Civil ,

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare

Department of the Interior

Department of Labor

Post Office Department _l.

Treasury Department 1

General Services Administration

Housing and Home Finance Agency:

College housing loans

Urban renewal fund

Federal National Mortgage Association. .

Federal Housing Administration

Public Housing Administration

Other

Veterans Administration

Other independent offices:

Export-Import Bank of Washington

Small Business Administration

Tennessee Valley Authority

Other

Total

270 104

5.925

59

7

111 106

4

96

304

4.362

233 254 1,298 318 288 32 330

571

223

311

52

497 100

7.301

421

30

108 106

4

130

233

4.420

294 374 1.547 456 364 57 650

954

400

367

31

651 41

7.745 485

76 114

5

171

238

4.732

429 497 .366 488 390 101 526

855

483

376

30

13 116

4.507

70

9

74 100

4

35

256

3,497

4 3

35

109

1.223

325

133

no

199

534

127

272

86

49 65

4.700

389

12

78 103

4

46

289

3.630

2

2

44

145

1.535

242

190

21 372

1.055 158 289 270

6 41

5.664

409

15

52 106

5 51

244

4.719

5

54 149 1.182 377 197 15 544

1.080 267 313 301

15,257

18.847

19.887

.842

13.692

15.795

*Less than one-half million dollars.

authorizations to use Treasury borrowing (authorizations to expend from public debt receipts). In the case of housing programs, they sometimes take the form of contract authorizations.

In addition to the provision of new obJigational authority for capital, appropriations are sometimes made to help overcome deficits incurred by these funds. The Commodity Credit Corporation, for example, incurs losses each year in its price support and related operations, and appropriations are made to cover such losses. In the case of the postal fund, substantial losses have been incurred, and appropriations have been made regularly to make up for the deficien- cies in postal revenues, although for 1963 legislation is proposed which would greatly reduce the NOA needed from the general fund.

Some of the public enterprise funds transfer dividends or earnings to the general fund, and unneeded capital is returned from time to time. Also included as write-offs in table K-2 are the lapsing of a few balances of NOA which are not needed by the fund concerned or which expire for use under the law controlling the fund.

360

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Table K 2. NEW OBLIGATIONAL AUTHORITY AND WRITE-OFFS OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUNDS (in millions of dollars)

Description	New obligational authority	Write-offs (including capital transfers)
	1961	1962	1963	1961	1962	1963
Funds appropriated to the President: Foreign assistance — Economic.	600	1.112	1,350
Other		5 3 53 55 * 6 2 2 3 I
Department of Agriculture: Commodity Credit Corporation Other _ . .	1.226	1,213 326 122	2,490 *	6'
Department of Commerce. ... .	300 30 63 268 846 *
Department of Defense — Military		* 2 1 20 4 5
Department of the Interior Department of Labor Post Office Department Treasury Department General Services Administration	68 20 804 *	140 18 1	2 2 4
Housing and Home Finance Agency: College housing loans	500 2,300 814 81 159 576 150	300	300
Urban renewal fund
Federal National Mortgage Association.. Federal Housing Administration Public Housing Administration Other Veterans Administration Other Independent Offices: Export- Import Bank of Washington .	27 225 180 94 500	"l84 200 113 200	-4	80	58
* 93 * 28 2 51 2	* 13 4 31 2 47 1	* 2 18 30
Small Business Administration	50 21 4	260 38 1	300 35 4	*
Tennessee Valley Authority Other	48
Total	7.988	5,292	5,335	213	308	165

"Less than one-half million dollars.

BORROWING AND INVESTMENTS

The Tennessee Valley Authority has authority to borrow $750 niilhon from the pubhc. The Federal Housing Administration has an indefinite authorization to issue debentures to the public. Three

Table K-3. PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUND BORROWING FROM THE PUBLIC

(in millions of dollars)

Description

Federal Housing Administration (Housing and Home Finance Ag ;ncy ) . . . . _ .

Federal National Mortgage Association (Housing and Home Finance Agency)

Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation (Farm Credit Administra- tion)

Home Owners Loan Corporation (Home Loan Bank Board)

Tennessee Valley Authority

Total borrowing from the public

*Less than one- half million dollars.

1961 actual

81 -797

_* 50

-666

1962 estimate

225

_*

_*

_* 150

375

1963 estimate

184

50

234

SPECIAL ANALYSES

361

other funds have previously borrowed from the pubHc and are con- cluding the retiring of such borrowing, as shown in table K-3.

A few public enterprise funds are authorized to invest in Treasurj^ bonds or notes. Except for the Tennessee Valley Authority, this practice is usually limited to insurance and guaranty funds, where the amounts invested represent moneys received from the public and reserved for possible claims. In addition, the Federal National Mortgage Association acquires some FHA Government-guaranteed debentures. These are shown in table K-4.

Table K-4. PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUND PURCHASES OF U.S. SECURITIES

NET (in millions of dollars)

Description

Federal National Mortgage Association (Housing and Home Finance Agency)

Federal Housing Administration (Housing and Home Finance Agency)

Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (Federal Home Loan Bank Board)

Tennessee Valley Authority

Veterans Administration: Veterans special-term insurance fund_

Total purchases of U.S. securities

1961	1962
actual	estimate
8	5
97	12
34	239
-12	64
22	-31
149	289

1963 estimate

10

79

271

-28

12

343

Borrowing and investment transactions of the public enterprise funds are never included in receipts and expenditures, but they do affect the "bridge" between the budget surplus and the change in the public debt. Accordingly, the totals of table K-5 are carried forward to table 8.

Table K-5. SUMMARY OF DEBT AND INVESTMENT TRANSACTIONS OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISE FUNDS (in millions of dollars)

Description	1961 actual	1962 estimate	1963 estimate
Public enterprise fund borrowing from the public		375	234
Public enterprise fund purchases of U.S. securities Public enterprise fund repayment of borrowing from the public. _	149 666	289	343
Total reductions in cash, debt, and investment items	815	289	343
Increase or decrease (— ) in cash due to debt and investment transactions of public enterprise funds	-815	86	-109

INDEX

Accounts, Bureau of, 228-229 Administrative budget: Explanation, 283 Summary, table 1 , 33 Surplus for 1 963, discussion, 8 Administrator's Office, Housing and Home

Finance Agency, 241-243 Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental

Relations, 249 Agricultural Library, National, 151 Agricultural Marketing Service, 142-143 Agricultural Research Service, 139-140 Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation

Service, 144-145 Agriculture:

And agricultural resources: Analysis of Fede-al activities and text table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by program or agency), 73-77 Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 1 10 Discussion, budget message, 15 NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distrib- uted by agency, table 13, 1 04 Centennial Observance of, 151 Department of , 139-154 Aid to State and local governments. Federal: Analysis, 340-347

Budget and trust fund expenditures: 1953-63, chart, 340 By agency, table H-1, 342 By agency and program, table H-3, 344-

347 Summary by function, table H-3, 347 Expenditures for, in relation to total Federal expenditures and to State-local revenue, 1953-63, table H-2, 343' Alaska, transitional grants to, 138 Alaska International Rail and Highway Com- mission, 249 Alaska Railroad, 201

American Battle Monuments Commission, 250 American Printing House for the Blind, 191 Apprenticeship and Training, Bureau of, 217 Architect of the Capitol, 123-126 Area Redevelopment Administration, 1 55 Armed Forces, major active, summary of com- position, text table, 62 Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, U.S.,

263 Army, Department of the — Civil, 175-177 Assets (physical), loans, research, and other developmental purposes, expenditures for, chart (see also Investment, operating, and other budget expenditures), 27 Atomic energy activities, 65-66 Atomic Ejiergy Commission, 234 Automation and Manpower, Office of, 216

B

Balance of payments and the budget, 25-26 Balances, trust fund, 1960-63, table A-5, 277 Balances of obligational authority, by agency

and type, table 1 7, 268 Benefits and services, veterans, see Veterans

benefits and services Bonneville Power Administration, 210 Botanic Garden, 126 Budget:

And balance of payments, 25-26

And economic growth and stability, 24-25

And Federal capital outlays, 26-27

Bureau of the, 1 32

Three types of, explanation, 283-284 Budget and fiscal policy, 24-27 Budget dollar, where it comes from and where

it goes, chart, 32 Budget message of the President, 7-30 Budget surplus or deficit, 1 939-63, chart, 9 Budget surplus or deficit, 1789-1963, table 10,

42 Budget terms, explanation, 1 14-116, 283-284 Budget totals, chart, 6 Budget totals and public debt, 1789-1963,

table 10,42 Business activities. Commerce, 155-156 Business Economics, Office of, 156

Capital outlays, Federal, and the budget, 26-27 Cash, trust fund, changes in, table A-6, 278 Cash statement, consolidated, see Consolidated

cash statement. Cemeterial expenses. Army — Civil, 1 75 Census, Bureau of the, 1 57 Central Intelligence Agency, 250 Civil Aeronautics Board, 250 Civil Rights, Commission of, 252 Civil Service Commission, 251-252 Civil War Centennial Commission, 256 Coal Research, Office of, 203 Coast and Geodetic Survey, 157-158 Coast Guard, 232-233 Commerce, Department of, 154-163 Commerce and transportation:

Analysis of Federal activities and text table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by program or agency), 81-84

Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 111

Discussion, budget message, 16-17

Expenditures, 1953-63, chart, 16

NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed by agency, table 13, 105-106 Commercial Fisheries, Bureau of, 204-205 Commissioner's Office, Fish and Wildlife, 204 Commodity Credit Corporation, 146-148

362

INDEX

363

Commodity Exchange Authority, 1 44 Community development and housing, see

Housing and community development Consolidated cash statement:

Analysis, 279-282

Explanation, 283

Summary, tables 5 and B-1, 37

Surplus for 1963, discussion, 8 Construction, public works and other, see

Public works and other construction. Contingencies, allowance for pay adjustments

and other, 266 Contingencies, special allowance for, explana- tion, 116 Cooperative State Experiment Stations Service,

140 Corps of Engineers — Civil, 175-177 Courts:

Appeals and district, 130-131

Claims, 129-130

Customs, 129

Customs and Patent Appeals, 1 29 Credit programs. Federal:

Analysis, 304-314

Disbursements and repayments, by agency or program, table E-2, 308

New commitment authority, by type, agency, or major program, table E-4, 31 1

New commitments, 1953-63, chart, 304

New commitments, by type of assistance, major agency or program, table E-1, 306

Outstanding loans for major quasi-public programs, by agency and program, table E-6, 313

Outstanding loans, guarantees, and insurance, by agency or program, table E-3, 310

Status of credit authority, by agency or program, table E-5, 312 Customs, Bureau of, 230

D

Defense: Civil. 64-65. 172-173 Department of —Civil, 1 75-1 79 Department of— Military. 56-65, 163-175 National: Analysis of Federal activities and text table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by program or agency), 56-65 Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14.

110 Discussion, budget message, 11-12 NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distrib- uted by agency, table 13. 103 Defense Department major military programs.

text table and discussion. 58-65 Defense materials activities. General Services

Administration. 239-240 Defense production, expansion of, 1 34 Defense-related activities, 67 Deficit or surplus, budget, 1939-63, chart, 9 Deficit or surplus, budget. 1789-1963. table 10.

42 Delaware River Basin Commission, 252 Disaster relief, 1 34 District of Columbia, 88, 265

Economic Advisers, Council of, 1 32 Economic assistance, foreign, 67-70, 135-137 Economic base of receipt and expenditure esti- mates, 44-45 Economic growth and stability and the budget,

24-25 Economic Research Service, Agriculture, 142 Economy and efficiency in public service, pro- posals to improve, 28-30 Education: Analysis of Federal activities and text table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by program or agency), 93-96 Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 112 Discussion, budget message, 18 NOA and expenditures, 1961-63. distributed

by agency, table 13, 107 Office of. 180-182 Educational exchange. 70-71. 225-226 Efficiency and economy in public service, pro- posals to improve. 28-30 Emergency Planning. Office of. 132-133 Employees' Compensation, Bureau of, 219 Employment, civilian, in executive branch, by

agency, table 9, 41 Employment Security, Bureau of, 217-219 Engraving and Printing. Bureau of, 232 Expenditures: Budget: Agriculture and agricultural resources,

discussion, 15 As percent of gross national product,

1938-63, chart, 11 By agency, for each appropriation and fund

account, analysis, 1 18-266 By agency, summary, table 3, 35 By function: 1953-60, table 14, 110-112 And receipts, summary, table 1 , 33 Discussion and text table, 10-18 Distributed by agency, 1961-63, table 13, 103-109 Commerce and transportation, discussion

and chart (1953-63), 16-17 Composition of, 1938-63, chart, 14 Domestic civil functions, discussion, 15-18 Education, discussion, 18 Explanation, 114 Health, labor, and welfare, discussion and

chart (1953-63), 17-18 Housing and community development, dis- cussion, 17 International affairs and finance, discus- sion, 13 Investment, operating, and other, dis- tributed among subclassifications and agencies, table D-2, 293-303 Investment, operating, and other, sum- mary, tables 7 and D-1, 39, 292 National defense, discussion, 11-12 Natural resources, discussion, 15 16 Relation of authorizations to, table 15, 117 Space research and technology, discussion, 14-15

364

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Expenditures — Contiuued Budget — Continued

Summary, 1789-63. table 10. 42

Totals, 1948-1963. chart. 6

Veterans benefits and services, discussion. 18 Budget dollar, where it goes, chart. 32 Economic base of estimates. 44-45 Deduction of certain receipts in determining,

explanation. 115 Federal, in national income accounts. 1961-

63, table C-2, 286 Federal, in national income accounts, relation

to budget and consolidated cash statement,

table C-3. 288 For aid to State and local governments, see

Aid to State and local governments. Federal For physical assets, loans, research, and other

developmental purposes, chart. 27 For public works, see Public works and other

construction For research and development, see Research

and development programs. Federal Gross, and applicable receipts, public enter- prise funds, by agency, table K-1, 359 National income basis, 1953-60, table C-1,

285 National income basis, summary, table 6, 38 Trust fund:

1953-60, table A-7, 278

Basis of, 276

By function, table A-1. 272

By fund, table A-1. 271-272

Revolving funds, expenditures, table A-2, 276

Summary, table 4, 36 Explanation of: Administrative budget, consolidated cash

statement, and national income accounts

budget. 283-284 Major steps in financing a%ency activities.

114-116 NOA requests for each appropriation and

fund account, by agency, 1 1 8-266 Export-Import Bank of Washington. 252-253 Export programs, special. Agriculture, 145-146 Extension Service, 141

Farm Credit Administration, 253 Farmer Cooperative Service, 141 Farmers Home Administration, 149-150 Federal activities, analysis by function. 56-112 Federal aid to State and local governments, see

Aid to State and local governments, Federal Federal Aviation Agency, 234-236 Federal Bureau of Investigation, 214 Federal Coal Mine Safety Board of Review, 253 Federal Communications Commission. 254 Federal credit programs, see Credit programs.

Federal Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, 149 Federal Home Loan Bank Board, 254 Federal Housing Administration, 245 Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service, 255

Federal National Mortgage Association, 244

Federal Power Commission, 255

Federal Prison System, 215

Federal statistical programs, principal, see

Statistical programs, principal Federal Federal Trade Commission, 255 Finance, international, see International a^airs

and finance Finances, Federal, 1959-63, summary, text

table, 8 Financial assistance, international. 67-70 Financing agency activities, explanation of

major steps in, 114-116 Fine Arts, Commission of, 252 Fiscal and budget policy, 24-27 Fish and Wildlife Service. 204-207 Food and Drug Administration. 179-180 Foreign affairs, administration of. 222-223 Foreign affairs, conduct of. 71 Foreign Agricultural Service. 143-144 Foreign assistance — economic. 67-70. 135-137 Foreign Claims Settlement Commission, 255 Foreign currencies:

Availabilities and uses, analysis, 352-357

Available to meet U.S. requirements, 1963, table J-2, 354

Cash availability of, table J-1 . 352

Special program appropriations — NOA. table J-4. 356

Transactions — country uses, summary, table J-6. 357

Transactions. U.S. uses, summary, table J-3, 355

U.S. uses without dollar controls, summary, table J-5. 357 Foreign information and exchange activities.

70-71 Forest Service. 152-154 Franklin D. Roosevelt Memorial Commission,

256 Freedmen's Hospital, 191

Gallaudet College, 191

General Accounting Office, 256

General activities. General Services Administra- tion, 240-241

General administration. Agriculture, 151

General administration. Commerce, 154-155

General Counsel's Office, Agriculture, 150

General government: Analysis of Federal activities and text table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by program or agency) , 100-102 Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 113 NOA and expenditures. 1961-63, distributed by agency, table 13. 108-109

General Services Administration. 236-241

Geological Survey, 202

Government Printing Office, 1 28

Gross national product, budget expenditures as percent of. 1938-63, chart, 1 1

Gross national product, public debt as percent of. 1938-63. chart, 23

INDEX

365

H

Health, Education, and Welfare, Department

of, 179-193 Health, labor, and welfare:

Analysis of Federal activities and text table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by program or agency) , 88-93 Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 112 Discussion, budget message, 17-18 Expenditures, 1953-63, chart, 17 NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed by agency, table 13, 107 Health services and research, 88-90 Historical and memorial commissions, 256-257 House of Representatives, 120-123 Housing and community development:

Analysis of Federal activities and text table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by program or agency) , 85-88 Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, III Discussion, budget message, 1 7 NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed by agency, table 13, 106 Housing and Home Finance Agency, 241-245 Howard University, 192

I

Immigration and Naturalization Service, 214 Income accounts, national, see National income

accounts Indian Affairs, Bureau of, 196-199 Indian Claims Commission, 257 Information Agency, U.S., 263-264 Information and exchange activities, foreign,

70-71 Information Office, Agriculture, 150-151 Inland Waterways Corporation, 158 Insurance and welfare, social, 91-93 Interest:

Analysis and text table, 99-100

Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 112

NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed by agency, table 13, 1 08 Interior, Department of the, 194-213 Internal Revenue Service, 230-231 International affairs and finance:

Analysis of Federal activities and text table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by program or agency), 67-71

Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 110

Discussion, budget message, 13

NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed by agency, table 13, 103-104 International commissions, 224-225 International financial institutions, 138 International Labor Affairs, Bureau of, 217 International organizations and conferences,

223-224 Interstate Commerce Commission, 257 Interstate Commission on the Potomac River

Basin, 257

Investment, operating, and other budget ex- penditures: Analysis, 290-303 Distributed among subclassifications and

agencies, table D-2, 293-303 Summary, tables 7 and D-1, 39, 292 Investments, public enterprise fund, table K-4,

361 Investments, trust fund, table A-4, 277

J

James Madison Memorial Commission, 256 Judiciary. The, 129-131 Justice, Department of, 213-215

Labor:

And manpower, 90-91

Department of, 216-220

Welfare, and health, see Health, labor, and welfare Labor-Management Reports, Bureau of, 217 Labor Standards, Bureau of, 217 Labor Statistics, Bureau of, 219 Land Management, Bureau of, 194-196 Legal activities and general administration,

Justice, 213-214 Legislation, proposed, 46-48 Legislative Branch, 118-128 Library of Congress, 126-128

M

Management improvement, expenses of, 1 34

Manpower and labor, 90-91

Maritime Administration, 158-159

Maritime Commission, Federal, 255

Military assistance, 175

Military construction, 170-172

Military personnel, 163-164

Military personnel and forces, summary of composition, text table, 62

Military programs, major, text table and dis- cussion, 58-65

Military reserve components, text table, 63

Minerals Exploration, Office of, 203

Minerals Mobilization, Office of, 204

Mines, Bureau of, 202-203

Mint, Bureau of, 231-232

N

Narcotics, Bureau of, 231

National Aeronautics and Space Administra- tion, 246 National Aeronautics and Space Council, 132 National Capital Housing Authority, 257 National Capital Planning Commission, 258 National Capital Transportation Agency, 258 National defense, see Defense, national National Gallery of Art, 262

366

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

National income accounts:

Federal activities in, analysis, 283-289 Federal activities in, summary, table 6, 38 Federal receipts and expenditures in, 1961-63,

table C-2, 286 Federal sector in. 1953-60, table C-l, 285 Federal sector in, relation to budget and con- solidated cash statement, table C-3, 288 Surplus for 1963, discussion, 8 National Labor Relations Board, 258 National Mediation Board, 258 National Park Service, 199-201 National Science Foundation, 259 National Security Council, 132 Natural resources:

Analysis of Federal activitis and text table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NO A by program or agency), 77-80 Budget expenditures. 1953-60, table 14. Ill Discussion, budget message, 15-16 NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed by agency, table 13, 104-105 New obligational authority, see Obligational authority

0

Obligational authority:

Balances of, by agency and type, table 1 7, 268

Balances of, explanation, 115-116

New:

And writeoffs of public enterprise funds,

by agency, table K-2, 360 By agency, for each appropriation and fund account, with explanation of NOA re- quests, 1 18-266 By agency, summary, table 2. 34 By function, distributed by agency,

1961-63, table 13, 103-109 Completeness of estimates for 1962 and

1963. 116 Discussion, budget message. 19 Explanation. 1 1 4 For civil public works, 1963. by agency,

table F-2, 316 For Federal space programs, by agency,

table G-3, 329 For public works, by major function, agency organization unit, and program, table F-6, 322-326 Relation to expenditures, table 15, 117 Special foreign currency programs, table J-4, 356 Obligations:

Direct, for principal current statistical pro- grams, by broad subject areas and by agency, tables 1-1 and 1-2. 348. 350 Incurred, explanation, 114 Incurred, net. by agency, table 16, 267 Netting in determining, 1 15 Of Defense Department (military functions) for research and development, table G-7, 333

Obligations — Continued

Of Federal agencies for medical and health- related research, by agency, table G-4, 330 Of Federal agencies for oceanographic re- search and surveys, by agency, table G-5. 330 Oil and Gas. Office of. 203 Operation and maintenance. Defense — Mili- tary. 165-167 Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Com- mission. 259

P Panama Canal. 178 Patent Office. 160 Payments to and receipts from public, see

Receipts fiom and payments to public. Peace Corps. 1 37 Personal property activities. General Services

Administration. 238 Post Office Department. 220-221 President of the United States: Compensation of the. 131 Emergency fund for the, 1 34 Executive Office of the, 131-134 Funds appropriated to the, 134-139 President's Advisory Committee on Govern- ment Organization, 1 33 President's Advisory Committee on Labor- Management Policy, 133 Procurement, Defense— Military, 167-169 Proposed legislation, 46—48 Public, receipts from and payments to, see

Receipts from and payments to public Public, trust fund borrowing from, table A-3,

276 Public debt: And budget totals. 1789-1963. table 10, 42 As percent of gross national product, 1938-63,

chart. 23 "Bridge" from budget surplus or deficit to

change in public debt, table 8, 40 Bureau of the, 229 Compared with statutory limitation, table 8,

40 Discussion and text table, budget message, 22-24 Public enterprise funds:

Analysis of operations, 358-361 Borrowing from the public, table K-3, 360 Gross expenditures and applicable receipts

by agency, table K-1. 359 NOA and writeoffs of, by agency, table K-2,

360 Purchases of U.S. securities, net, table K-4.

361 Summary of debt and investment transac- tions, table K-5, 361 Public Health Service, 183-188 Public Housing Administration. 245 Public Roads, Bureau of, 160-161 Public service, efficiency and economy in, pro- posals to improve, 28-30

INDEX

367

f'ublic works and other construction:

Analysis of Federal activities, 315-326

Civil and national defense, NOA and ex- penditures by major function, agency or- ganization unit, and program, table F-6, 322-326

Civil public works, estimated cost of 1963 direct Federal, by continuing and new work, table F-3, 317

Civil public works, expenditures and 1963 NOA for, by agency, table F-2, 316

Direct Federal public works, reserve of pres- ently authorized projects and programs for undertaking after 1963, table F-4, 319

Federal expenditures for public works, 1954- 63, table F-1, 315

Water resources and related developments, budget expenditures for, table F-5, 320

R

Railroad Retirement Board, 259 Real property activities. General Services Ad- ministration, 236-237 Receipts:

Applicable, and gross expenditures, public

enterprise funds, by agency, table K-1 , 359 Budget:

And expenditures (by function), summary, table I, 33

By source, analysis and text tables 20, 44-53

By sources detailed list, table 1 1 , 49-53

Discussion, budget message, 19-22

Estimated effect of proposed legislation on, text table, 48

Summary, 1789-1963. table 10, 42

Summary. 1953-60, table 12, 54

Tax rates, extension of present, 21

Tax reform proposals, 20-21

Totals, 1948-63. chart, 6

Transportation tax and user charges, 21-22 Budget dollar, where it comes from, chart, 32 Deduction of certain receipts in determining

expenditures, explanation, 115 Economic base of estimates, 44-45 Federal, in national income accounts,

1961-63, table C-2, 286 Federal, in national income accounts, relation

to budget and consolidated cash statement,

table C-3. 288 From and payments to public. Federal:

Analysis, 279-282

Derivation, table B-2, 281

Summary, 1953-60, table B-3. 282

Summary, 1961-63, tables 5 and B-1 , 37, 280 National income basis, 1953-60, table C-1,

285 National income basis, summary, table 6, 38 Trust fund:

Basis of, 276

By fund, table A-1, 270

Revolving funds, applicable receipts, table A-2, 276

Summary, table 4, 36

Reclamation, Bureau of, 207-210 Records activities. General Services Adminis- tration, 239 Renegotiation Board, 260 Research:

And services, health, 88-90

And technology, space, see Space research and

technology. Development, test, and evaluation, Defense — Military, 169-170 Research and development programs. Federal: Analysis of Federal expenditures, 1961-63,

327-339 Atomic Energy Commission, expenditures

for, 335 Defense Department, expenditures and obli- gations for, tables G-6 and G-7, 332, 333 Estimated 1963 expenditures, chart, and 1961-63 total expenditures by purpose, table G-1, 327 Federal expenditures divided between na- tional defense and other programs, 1 953-63, table G-2, 328 Medical and health-related, obligations for,

table C-4, 330 National Aeronautics and Space Administra- tion, expenditures for, table G-8, 334 Net budget expenditures, by agency, table

G-10, 338-339 Oceanographic research and surveys, obliga- tions for, table G-5, 330 Space, NOA for, table G-3. 329 Reserve components, military, text table, 63 Resources, agriculture and agricultural, see

Agriculture and agricultural resources Resources, natural, see Natural resources Revenues, estimated changes in, 45-46 Revolving and management funds, Defense —

Military, 173-175 Rural Electrification Administration, 149 Ryukyu Islands, Army, 177-178

Saint Elizabeths Hospital, 189

Saint Lawrence Seaway Development Corpora- tion, 260

Saline Water, Office of, 211

Secret Service, U.S., 231

Secretary, Office of the:

Health. Education, and Welfare, 192-193 Interior, 211-212 Labor, 216 Treasury, 227-228

Securities, U.S., public enterprise fund pur- chases, table K-4, 361

Securities, U.S.. trust fund purchases, table A-4, 277

Securities and Exchange Commission, 260

Selective Service System, 260

Senate. 118-120

Small Business Administration, 260-261

Smithsonian Institution, 261-262

Social insurance and welfare, 91-93

Social Security Administration, 189-191

Soil Conservation Service, 141

368

THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 1963

Soldiers' Home, U.S.. 177 Solicitor's Office, Interior, 21 1 Solicitor's Office, Labor, 217 Southeastern Power Administration, 210 Southwestern Power Administration, 21 1 Space research and technology:

Analysis of Federal activities and text table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by program), 71-73 Budget expenditures, 1953-60, table 14, 110 Discussion, budget message, 14-15 NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed by agency, table 13, 104 Special projects. White House Office, 132 Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, Bureau of, 205-207 Standards, National Bureau of, 161-162 State, Department of, 222-227 Statistical programs, principal Federal: Analysis, 348-351 Direct obligations for, by agency, table 1-2,

350 Direct obligations for, by broad subject areas, table 1-1. 348 Statistical Reporting Service, Agriculture, 142 Statutory limitation compared with public debt,

table 8. 40 Study commissions, U.S. — Southeast River

Basins and Texas, 264 Subversive Activities Control Board, 262 Summary tables:

Budget expenditures, by agency, table 3, 35 Budget expenditures, investment, operating,

and other, table 7, 39 Budget receipts and expenditures (by func- tion), table 1,33 Budget totals and public debt, 1789-1963,

table 10. 42 Consolidated cash statement, table 5, 37 Employment, civilian, in executive branch,

by agency, table 9, 41 Federal finances, 1959-63, 8 National income accounts. Federal activities

in, table 6, 38 NOA, by agency, table 2. 34 Publicdebt. tables, 40 Receipts from and payments to public. Fed- eral, table 5, 37 Trust fund receipts and expenditures, table 4,36 Supreme Court of the United States, 129 Surplus or deficit, budget, 1939-63, chart, 9 Surplus or deficit, budyet, 1789-1963, table 10. 42

T

Tariff Commission, 262 Tax Court of the United States, 262 Tax rates, extension of present, 21, 47 Tax reform proposals. 20-21, 46-47 Tennessee Valley Authority. 263 Territories, Office of. 201

Translation of publications and scientific co- operation, 138

Transportation and commerce, see Commerce and transportation

Transportation and communications activities, General Services Administration. 239

Transportation tax, 21-22, 47-48

Treasurer, Office of the, 229-230

Treasury Department. 227-233

Trust funds: Balances, 1960-63, table A-5, 277 Basis of receipts and expenditures, 276 Borrowing from the public, table A-3, 276 Cash, changes in, table A-6. 278 Expenditures, 1953-60, table A-7, 278 Expenditures by function, table A-1, 272 Major, number of recipients of monthly bene- fits from, text table, 273 Operations and status, analysis, 270-278 Purchases of U.S. securities, table A-4, 277 Receipts and expenditures, by fund, table A-1 ,

270-272 Receipts and expenditures, summary, table 4,

36 Revolving, expenditures and applicable re- ceipts, table A-2, 276 Total transactions, text table, 270 Totals, 1948-63, chart, 6

U

United States Arms Control and Disarmament

Agency, 263 United States Information Agency, 263-264 United States Secret Service. 231 United States Soldiers' Home, 1 77 U.S. Study Commissions — Southeast River

Basins and Texas, 264 User charges, transportation, 21-22, 47-48 Utilization and disposal activities. General

Services Administration, 239-240

Veterans Administration. 247-249 Veterans benefits and services:

Analysis of Federal activities and text table (1961-63 expenditures and 1963 NOA by program or agency), 96-99 Budget expenditures. 1953-60, table 14, 112 Discussion, budget message. 1 8 NOA and expenditures, 1961-63, distributed by agency, table 13, 108 Veterans Reemployment Rights, Bureau of,

217 Virgin Islands Corporation. 212-213 Vocational Rehabilitation. Office of. 182-183

W

Wage and Hour Division. 220

Weather Bureau, 162-163

Welfare and insurance, social, 91-93

Welfare, labor, and health, 5ee Health, labor.

and welfare White House Office. 131 Women's Bureau, 219

I

o

EDGE INDEX

Budget Message of the President

Summary Tables

Budget Receipts

Federal Program by Function

Analysis of Federal Activities

Legislative Branch

Judiciary

Executive Office of the President

Funds

Appropriated to the President

Atomic Energy Commission

Federal Aviation Agency

General Services Administration

Housing and Home l>- Finance Agency I m

12 D < =] Q- ri

Veterans Admin.

Other Independent Agencies

District of Columbia

^ I Allowances for >- 1 I Pay Adjustments and

HOW TO USE lUE EDGE INDEX

Agriculture

Commerce

Defense — Military

Defense — Civil

and Welfare

Interior

Justice

Post Office

Treasury

Operations and Status

< I Receipts From and > >■ I Payments To Public

O I Activities in National 2 f I Income Accounts

Investment, Operating, and Other Q O I Budget Expenditures

Activities in Public

R. & D. Programs

[^ ^ I Aid to State and >■ I Local Governments

I I Principal Statistical

I Programs

Foreign Currency Availabilities & Uses

Public Enterprise Fund Operations

Bend the book nearly dou- ble and hold it in your right hand as shown. Locate the listing yo want in the Edge Index, Match up the 1 or 2 lir- symbol next to the listin^ you have selected with the corresponding 1 or 2 dpi symbol on the page edge. OPEN THERE

"" T listings in the left d column of .tlie Edge idex will be identi6ed Jjy

the dot symbols in the

first or left hand row.

'''"^ listings in the right id column by the dot

symbols in the right hand

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