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BUFFALO LAND:

AUTHENTIC ACCOUNT

Discoveries, Adventures, and Mishaps 'of a Scientific
and Sporting Party

IN THE WILD WEST;

GRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS OF THE COUNTRY ; THE RED MAN, SAVAGE
AND CIVILIZED; HUNTING THE BUFFALO, ANTELOPE, .
ELK, AND WILD TURKEY ; ETC., ETC.

BEPLETE WITH INFORMATION, WIT, AND HUMOR.

^ppntbi* Comprising a Complete <^«ib« for Sportsmen anb ©migrants.

W. E. WEBB,

OF TOPEKA, KANSAS.

Illustrated

FROM ACTUAL PHOTOGRAPHS, AND ORIGINAL DRAWINGS BY HENRY WORRALL,

CINCINNATI AND CHICAGO:

E. HANNAFORD & COMPANY.

SAN FRANCISCO: F. DEWING & co.
1872.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by

E. HANNAFORD & CO.,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at "Washington, D. C.

BTEBEOTYPED AT THE FBANKLIN TYPE FOUNDRY, CINCINNATI.

r

dmctel lan,

Original Westerner, and First Buffalo Hunter,

2H2Rot& 10

WITH PROFOUND REGARD,
ST THE

438920

BUFFALO LAND,

BY OUR TAMMANY SACHEM.

rERE'S a wonderful land far out in the West,
Well worthy a visit, my friend;
There, Puritans thought, as the sun went to rest,

Creation itself had an end.
'Tis a wild, weird spot on the continent's face,

A wound which is ghastly and red,
Where the savages write the deeds of their race

In blood that they constantly shed.
The graves of the dead the fair prairies deface,

And stamp it the kingdom of dread.

The emigrant trail is a skeleton path;

You measure its miles by the bones;
There savages struck, in their merciless wrath,

And now, after sunset, the moans,
When tempests are out, fill the shuddering air,

And ghosts flit the wagons beside,
And point to the skulls lying grinning and bare

And beg of the teamsters a ride;
Sometimes 'tis a father with snow on his hair,

Again, 'tis a youth and his bride.

What visions of horror each. valley could tell,

If Providence gave it a tongue!
How often its Eden was changed to a hell,

In which a whole train had been flung;

(vii)

Vlll BUFFALO LAND.

How death cry and battle-shout frightened the birds,
And prayers were as thick as the leaves,

And no one to catch the poor dying one's words
But Death, as he gathered his sheaves :

You see the bones bleaching among the wild herds,
In shrouds that the field spider weaves.

That era is passing — another one comes,

The era of steam and the plow,
With clangor of commerce and factory hums,

Where only the wigwam is now.
Like mist of the morning before the bright sun,

The cloud from the land disappears ;
The Spirit of Murder his circle has run

And fled from the march of the years ;
The click of machine drowns the click of the guii,

And day hides the night time of tears.

PREFACE.

THE purpose of this work is to make the reader
better acquainted with that wild land which he has
known from childhood, as the home of the Indian
and the buffalo. The Rocky Mountain chain, dis-
torted and rugged, has been aptly called the colossal
vertebrae of our continent's broad back, and from
thence, as a line, the plains, weird and wonderful,
stretch eastward through Colorado, and embrace
the entire western half of Kansas.

Fortune, not long since, threw in my way an in-
vitation, which I gladly accepted, to join a semi-
scientific party, since somewhat known to fame
through various articles in the newspaper press, in
a sojourn of several months on the great plains.
At a meeting held with due solemnity on the eve
of starting, the Professor (to whom the reader will
be introduced in the proper connection) was chosen
leader of the expedition, while to my lot fell the

X PREFACE.

i

office of editor of the future record, or rather Grand
Scribe of what we were pleased to call our "Log
Book." The latter now lies before me, in all its
glory of shabby covers and dirty pages. Its soiled
face is as honorable as that of the laborer who
comes from his task in a well harvested field. Out
of the sheaves gathered during our journey, I shall
try and take such portions as may best supply the
mental cravings of the countless thousands who .
hunger for the life and the lore of the far West.

I have given the mistakes as well as triumphs of
our expedition, and the members of the party will
readily recognize their familiar camp names. The
disguise will probably be pleasant, as few like to see
their failures on public parade, preferring rather to
leave these in barracks, and let their successes only
appear at review.

The plains have a face, a people, and a brute
creation, peculiarly their own, and to these our
party devoted earnest study. The expedition pre-
sented a rare opportunity of becoming acquainted
with the game of the country ; and, in writing the
present volume, my aim has been to make it so far
a text-book for amateur hunters that they may
become at once conversant with the habits of the
game, and the best manner of killing it. The time
is not far distant, when the plains and the Rocky

PREFACE. XI

Mountains will be sought by thousands annually, as
a favorite field for sport and recreation.

Another and still larger class, it is hoped, will
find much of interest and value in the following-
pages. From .every state in the Union, people are
constantly passing westward. We found emigrant
wagons on spots from which the Indians had just
removed their wigwams. Multitudes more are now
on the way, with the earnest purpose of founding
homes and, if possible, of finding fortunes. In
order to aid this class, as well as the sportsman, I
have gathered in an appendix such additional infor-
mation as may be useful to both.

The scientific details of our trip will probably be
published in proper form and time, by the savans
interested. In regard to these, my object has been
simply to chronicle such matters as made an im-
pression upon my own mind, being content with
what cream might be gathered by an amateur's
skimming, while the more bulky milk should be
saved in capacious scientific buckets.

Professor Cope, the well known naturalist, of the
Academy of Sciences, Philadelphia, received for ex-
amination and classification the most valuable
fossils we obtained, and to him I am indebted for
a large amount of most interesting and valuable

Xll PREFACE.

scientific matter, which will be found embodied in
chapters twenty-third and twenty-fourth.

The illustrations of men and brutes in this work
are studies from life. Whenever it was possible,
we had photographs taken.

The plains, it must be said, are a tract with
which Romance has had much more to do than
History. Red men, brave and chivalrous, and un-
natural buffalo, with the habits of lions, exist only
in imagination. In these pages, my earnest en-
deavor, when dealing with actualities, has been to
"hold the mirror up to Nature," and to describe
men, manners, and things as they are in real life
upon the frontiers, and beyond, to-day.

W. E. W.

TOPEKA, KANSAS, May, 1872.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

THE OBJECT OP OUR EXPEDITION — A GLIMPSE OP ALASKA THROUGH CAP-
TAIN WALRUS' GLASS — WE ARE TEMPTED BY OUR RECENT PURCHASE —

ALASKAN GAME OP " OLD SLEDGE " — THE EARLY STRUGGLES OF KAN-
SAS— THE SMOKY HILL TRAIL — INDIAN HIGH ART — THE "BORDER-
RUFFIAN," PAST AND PRESENT — TOPEKA — HOW IT RECEIVED ITS
NAME— WAUKARUSA AND ITS LEGEND, . ....

25-35

CHAPTER II.

A. CHAPTER OP INTRODUCTIONS — PROFESSOR PALEOZOIC — TAMMANY SACHEM

DOCTOR PYTHAGORAS— GENUINE HUGOS— COLON AND SEMI-COLON

SHAMUS DOBEEN TENACIOUS GRIPE BUGS AND PHILOSOPHY — HOW

ORIPE BECAME A REPUBLICAN, 36-54

CHAPTER III. fr y

THE TOPEKA AUCTIONEER — MUGG3 GETS A BARGAIN — CYNOCBPHALUS — \

INDIAN SUMMER IN KANSAS — HUNTING PRAIRIE CHICKENS OUR FIRST

DAY'S SPORT. ... 65-63

CHAPTER IY.

CHICKEN-SHOOTING CONTINUED A SCIENTIFIC PARTY TAKE THE BIRDS ON

THE WING EVILS OP PAST FIRING AN OLD-FASHIONED "SLOW SHOT1'

— THE HABITS OF THE PRAIRIE CHICKEN — ITS PROSPECTIVE EXTINC-
TION—liODE OP HUNTING IT— THE GOPHER SCALP LAW, .

(Xiii)

64-74

xiv CONTENTS.

CHAPTER V.

i VA4E3.

A TRIAL BY JUDGE LYNCH - HONG FOB CONTEMPT OF COURT - QUAIL

SHOOTING— HABITS OF THE BIRDS, AND MODE OF KILLING THEM— A
RING OF QUAILS— THE EFFECTS OF A SEVERE WINTER— THB SNOW
GOOSB, ............ 75--B3

CHAPTER VI.

OFF FOR BUFFALO LAND — THE NAVIGATION OF THE KAW — FORT RILEY -
THE CENTER-POST OF THE UNITED STATES — OUR PURCHASE OF HORSES
— "LO" AS A SAVAGE AND AS A CITIZEN— GRIPE UNFOLDS THE IN-
DIAN QUESTION - A BALLAD BY SACHEM, PRESENTING ANOTHER VIEW, 84-98

CHAPTER VII.

GKIPK'S VIEWS OF INDIAN CHARACTER— THE DELAWARES, THE ISHMAELITES
OF THE PLAINS — THE TERRITORY OF THE "LONG HORNS " — TEXANS
AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS — MUSHROOM ROCK — A VALUABLE DIS-
COVERY - FOOTPRINTS IN THB ROCK — THE PRIMEVAL PAUL AND

VIRGINIA, ........... 99-111

CHAPTER VIII.

THE " GREAT AMERICAN DESERT " — ITS FOSSIL WEALTH — AN ILLUSION DIS-
PELLED — FriSfes ACCORDING TO NOVELS AND ACCORDING TO FACT —
SENSATIONAL HEROES AND HEROINES - PRAIRIE DOGS AND THEIR HAB-
ITS—HAWK AND DOG, AND HAWK AND CAT, ..... 112-123

CHAPTER IX.

"VE SEE BUFFALO - ARRIVAL AT HAYS - GENERAL SHERIDAN AT THE FORT —
INDIAN MURDERS — BLOOD-CHRISTENING OF THE PACIFIC RAILROAD —
SURPRISED BY A BUFFALO HERD — A BUFFALO BULL IN A QUANDARY -
GENTLE ZEPHYRS — HOW A CIRCUS WENT OFF — BOLOGNA TO LEAN ON -
A CALL UPON SHERIDAN, . • . . 124-141

CONTENTS. XV

CHAPTER X.

PAGES.
HAYS CITY BY LAMP-LIGHT — THE SANTA FK TRADE — BOLL-WHACKERS —

MEXICANS— SABBATH ON THE PLAINS— THE DARK AGES— WILD BILL

AND BUFFALO BILL — OFF FOR THE SALINE — DOBEEN'S GHOST-STORY

AN ADVENTURE WITH INDIANS — MEXICAN CANNONADE — A RUNAWAY, 142-160

CHAPTER XL

WHITE WOLF, THE CHEYENNE CHIEF HUNGRY INDIANS — RETURN TO HAYS

— A CHEYENNE WAR PARTY — THE PIPE OF PEACE — THE COUNCIL
CHAMBER — WHITE WOLF'S SPEECH, AS RENDERED BY SACHEM — THE
WHITE MAN'S WIGWAM, 161-1 76

CHAPTER XII.

ARMS OF A WAR PARTY — A DONKEY PRESENT — EATING POWERS OF THE
NOMADS — SATANTA, HIS CRIMES AND PUNISHMENT — RUNNING OFF
WITH A GOVERNMENT HERD — DAUB, OUR ARTIST — ANTELOPE CHAS3
BY A GREYHOUND, 177-191

CHAPTER XIII.

CHARACTER OF THE PLAINS — BUFFALO BILL AND HIS HORSE BRIGHAM

THE GUIDE AND SCOUT' OF ROMANCE— CAYOTE VERSUS JACKASS-RAB-
BIT— A LAWYER-LIKE RESCUE — OUR CAMP ON SILVER CREEK — UNCLE

SAM'S BUFFALO HERDS— TURKEY-SHOOTING OUR FIRST MEAL ON THE

PLAINS — A GAME SUPPER, 192-208

CHAPTER XIV.

A CAMP-FIRE SCENE — VAGABONDIZING — THE BLACK PACER OF THE PLAINS
—SOME ADVICE FROM BUFFALO BILL ABOUT INDIAN FIGHTING— Lfl'S
ABHORRENCE OF LONG RANGE — HIS DREAD OF CANNON — AN IRISH
GOBLIN, . 209-219

rvi CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XY.

•MM
A FIRK SCENE — A GLIMPSE OP THE SOOTH— 'COON HUNTING IN MISSI8-

SIPPI — VOICES IN THE SOLITUDE — FRIENDS OR FOES — A STARTLING
SERENADE — PANIC IN CAMP CAYOTES AND THEIR HABITS WORRY-
ING A BUFFALO BULL — THE SECOND DAY — DAUB, OUR ARTIST — HM
MAKES HIS MARK,. . . . . » . . . 220-235

CHAPTER XVI.

BISON MEAT — A STRANGE ARRIVAL — THE SYDNEY FAMILY — THE HOME
IN THE VALLEY — THE SOLOMON MASSACRE — THE MURDER OF THE

FATHER AND THE CHILD — THE SETTLERS' FLIGHT — INCIDENTS OUR

QUEEN OF -THE PLAINS — THE PROFESSOR INTERESTED — IRISH MARY —
DOBEEN HAPPY — THE HEROINE OF ROMANCE — SACHEM'S BATH BY
MOONLIGHT — THE BEAVER COLONY, 236-249

CHAPTER XVII.

PREPARATIONS FOR THE CHASE— THE VALLEY OF THE SALINE— QUEER

'COONS — A BISON'S GAME OF BLUFF — IN PURSUIT — ALONGSIDE THM

GAME FIRING FROM THE SADDLE — A CHARGE AND A PANIC — FALSE

HISTORY AGAIN — GOING FOR AMMUNITION — THE PROFESSOR'S LET-
TER— DISROBING THE VICTIM, 250-263

CHAPTER XVIII.

STILL HUNTING DARK OBJECTS AGAINST THE HORIZON THE RED MAN

AGAIN RETREAT TO CAMP — PREPARATIONS FOR DEFENSE — SHAKING

HANDS WITH DEATH — MR. COLON'S BUGS — THE EMBASSADORS — A NEW
ALARM — MORE INDIANS — TERRIFIC BATTLE BETWEEN PAWNEES AND

CHEYENNES THEIR MODE OF FIGHTING — GOOD HORSEMANSHIP — A

. SCIENTIFIC PARTY AS SEXTONS— DITTO AS SURGEONS— CAMPS OF THI3

COMBATANTS— STEALING AWAY— AN APPARITION, .... 264-279

* CHAPTER XIX.

STALKING THB BISON — BUFFALO AS OXEN — EXPENSIVE POWER — A BUF-
FALO AT A LUNATIC ASYLUM — THE GATEWAY TO THE HERDS — INFEB-

CONTENTS. XV11

PAGER.

NAT, GRAPE-SHOT— NATURE'S BOMB-SHELLS—CRAWLING BEDOUINS—
"THAR THEY HUMP" — THE SLAUGHTER BEGUN — AN INEFFECTUAL
CHARGE — "KETCHING THE CRITTER" — RETURN TO CAMP — CALVES'
HEAD ON THE STOMACH — AN UNPLEASANT EPISODE WOLP BAITING,

AND HOW IT IS DONE, 280-29i

CHAPTER XX.

THB CATOTES' STRYCHNINE FEAST CAPTURING A TIMBER WOLF — A FEW

CORDS OF VICTIMS — WHAT THB LAW CONSIDERS "INDIAN TAN*'

"FINISHING" THE NEW YORK MARKET — A NEW YORK FARMER'S
OPINION OF OUR GRAY WOLF — WESTWARD AGAIN — EPISODES IN OUR
JOURNEY — THE WILD HUNTRESS OF THE PLAINS — WAS OUR GUIDE A
MURDERER? — THE READER JOINS US IN A BUFFALO CHASE — THE

DYING AGONIES, 292-305

""CHAPTER XXI.

"CREASING" WILD HORSES — MUGGS DISAPPOINTED — A FEAT FOR FIC-
TION—HORSE AND MONKEY— HOOF WISDOM FOR TURFMEN PROS-
PECTIVE CLIMATIC CHANGES ON THE PLAINS — THE QUESTION OF
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION — WANTON SLAUGHTER OF BUFFALO —
AMOUNT OF ROBES AND MEAT ANNUALLY WASTED — A STRANGE
HABIT OF THE BISON — NUMEROUS BILLS — THE "SNEAK THIEF1' OF
THE PLAINS, . ... \ 306-317

CHAPTER XXII.

A LIVE TOWN AND ITS GRAVE-YARD — HONEST ROMBEAUX IN TROUBLB

JUDGE LYNCH HOLDS COURT MARIE AND THE VINE-COVERED COT-
TAGE THB TERRIBLE FLOODS — DEATH IN CAMP AND IN THE DUG-
OUT— WAS IT THE WATE,R WHICH DID IT? — DISCOVERY OF A HUGE
FOSSIL — THE MOSASAURUS OF THE CRETACEOUS SEA — A GLIMPSE
OF THE REPTILIAN AGE — REMINISCENCES OF ALLIGATOR-SHOOTING —
THEY SUGGEST A THEORY, . • . . 318-329

xviii CONTENTS.

CHAPTER XXIII.

PA3ER,
FROM SHERIDAN TO THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS— THE COLORADO PORTION OF

THE PLAINS — THE GIANT PINES — ATTEMPT TO PHOTOGRAPH A BUF-
FALO—THINGS GET MIXED THE LEVIATHAN AT HOME— A CHAT

WITH PROFESSOR COPE — TWENTY -SIX-INCH OYSTERS — REPTILES AND

FISHES OF THE CRETACEOUS SEA, 330-350

CHAPTER XXIV.

CONTINUED BY COPE — THE GIANTS OF THE SEAS — TAKING OUT FOSSILS
IN A GALE — INTERESTING DISCOVERIES — THE GEOLOGY OF THE
PLAINS, 351-365

CHAPTER XXV.

A SAVAGE OUTBREAK THE BATTLE OF THE FORTY SCOUTS — THE SUR-
PRISE—PACK-MULES STAMPEDED— DEATH ON THE ARICKEREE THE

MEDICINE MAN A DISMAL NIGHT — MESSENGERS SENT TO WALLACE

MORNING ATTACK WHOSE FUNERAL ? — RELIEF AT LAST — THE OLD

SCOUT'S DEVOTION TO THE BLUE, 366-37C

CHAPTER XXVI.

THE STAGE DRIVERS OF THE PLAINS — '^OLD BOB" JAMAICA AND GIN-
GER— AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE — BEADS OF THE PAST — ROBBING THfl
DEAD — A LEAF FROM THE LOST HISTORY OF THE MOUND BUILDERS
— INDIAN TRADITIONS — SPECULATIONS — ADOBE HOUSES IN A RAIN —
CHEAP LIVING WATCH TO.WERS, 377-386

CHAPTER XXVII.

OUR PROGRAMME CONCLUDED— FROM SHERIDAN TO THE SOLOMON — FIERCE

WINDS A TERRIFIC STORM SHAMUS' BLOODY APPARITION AND

INDIAN WITCH — A BECONNOISSANCE — AN INDIAN BURIAL GROVE — A
CONTRACTOR'S DARING AND ITS PENALTY — MORE VAGABONDIZING —

CONTENTS. XIX

JOSE AT THE LONG BOW — THE "WILD HUNTRESS ' CODNTERPAET

BHA1IUS TREATS D8 TO "CHILE1' — THE RESULT, .... 387-395

CHAPTER XXVIII.

THE BLOCK-HOUSE ON THE SOLOMON — HOW THE OLD MAN DIED — WACONDA

DA — LEGEND OF WA-BOG-AHA AND HEWGAW — SABBATH MORNING

RACHEM'S POETICAL EPITAPH — AN ALARM — BATTLE BETWEEN AN
EMIGRANT AND THE INDIANS — WAS IT THE SYDNEYS ? — TO THE
RESCUE — AN ELK HUNT — ROCKY MOUNTAIN SHEEP — NOVEL MODE

OF HUNTING TURKEYS IN CAMP ON THE SOLOMON A WARM WBL-

COME, .' '" .' ;'' '. "' 396-415

CHAPTER XXIX.

OUR LAST NIGHT TOGETHER— THE REMARKABLE SHED-TAIL DOG— HB
RESCUES HIS MISTRESS, AND BREAKS UP A MEETING — A SKETCH OF

TERRITORIAL TIMES BY GRIPE MONTGOMERY'S EXPEDITION FOR THE

RESCUE OF JOHN BROWN'S COMPANIONS— SCALPED, AND CARVING HIS

OWN EPITAPH — AN IRISH JACOB "SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST"

SACHEM'S POETICAL LETTER — POPPING THE QUESTION ON THE RUN —

THE PROFESSOR'S LETTER, . . , . . . . 416-428

CONTENTS OF APPENDIX.

PAGES.
PRELIMINARY TO THE APPENDIX, ...... . 431, 432

CHAPTER FIRST.

COME TO THE GREAT WEST— SHOULD THERE NOT BE COMPULSORY EMI-
GRATION— "GET A GOOD READY" — HOMESTEAD LAWS AND REGULA-
TIONS—THE STATE OF KANSAS THE COST OF A FARM A FEW MORE

PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS, . . . . .' . . . 433-450

CHAPTER SECOND.

HUNTING THE BUFFALO — ANTELOPE HUNTING ELK HUNTING — TURKEY

HUNTING — GENERAL REMARKS — WHAT TO DO IF LOST ON THE PLAINS

—THE NEW FIELD FOR SPORTSMEN. . 451-463

CHAPTER THIRD.

"BY THE MOUTH OF TWO OR THREE WITNESSES1' — THE GRBAT WI

FALL OF THE BITERS THE PRINCIPAL RIVERS AND VALLEYS OF

BUFFALO LAND THE VALLEY OF THE PLATTE — THE SOLOMON AND

SMOKY HILL RIVERS THE ARKANSAS RIVER AND ITS TRIBUTARIES

STOCK RAISING IN THE GREAT WEST THE CATTLE HIVE OF NORTH

AMERICA THE CLIMATE OF THE PLAINS — CLIMATIC CHANGES ON THE

PLAINS — THE TREES AND FUTURE FORESTS OF THE PLAINS THE

SUPPLY OF FUEL — DISTRICTS CONTIGUOUS TO THE PLAINS — THE VAL-
LEYS OF THE WHITE EARTH AND NIOBRARA NEW MEXICO I ITS

SOIL, CLIMATE, RESOURCES, ETC. THE DISAPPEARING BISON THE

FISH WITH LEGS — THE MOUNTAIN SUPPLY OF LUMBER FOR THE

PLAINS, . . . . i 465-503

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

From Original Drawings by Henry Worrall, and Actual Photographs.
The Engraving by the Bureau of Illustration, Buffalo, N. Y.

FRONTISPIECK, FACING TITLE PAGH

ALASKAN LOVERS— SEALING THB CONTRACT, . . . *» . .27

ALASKAN GAME OF OLD SLEDGB, 27

""WAUKARUSA," . . . . ;'.'', . . . .33

" TOASTS HIS MOCCASINED FEET BY THE FIRE," 33

THE PROFESSOR — A REMARKABLE STONE, 39

TAMMANY SACHEM — PROSPECTIVE AND RETROSPECTIVE, .... 39

COLON AND SEMI-COLON, ...» 43

DAVID PYTHAGORAS, M. D., . .43

ONE OF THE MUGGSES, • .... 47

SHAMUS DOBEEN— His CARD, 63

HON. T. GRIPE (BEATIFIED), • , • . .53

"SPERIT, GENTLEMEN!" -*>.'.*. . . 57

OUR FIRST BIRD-SHOOTING, . •• 67

JUDGE LYNCH — His COURT, . . • 77

UNNATDRALIZED, 91

NATURALIZED, 91

(xxi)

xxii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

MM

" YOU'VE RILED THAT BROOK" — AN OLD FABLE MODERNIZED, ... 96

DOG TOWN— THE HAPPY FAMILY, ........ 96

INDIAN ROCK— FROM A PHOTOGRAPH, . . . •>; . .105

MUSHROOM ROCK — FROM A PHOTOGRAPH, 105

FIRE ON THE PLAINS, ACCORDING TO NOVELS, . . . . .115

FIRE ON THE PLAINS, AS IT is, 115

"AND ERIN'S SON CHRISTENS THOSE FAR-OFF POINTS OF THE PACIFIC RAIL-
ROAD WITH HIS BLOOD," 127

GENTLE ZEPHYRS— GOING OFF WITHOUT A DRAWBACK, . . . .133

"LOOKED LIKE THE END OF A TAIL," 137

THE RARE OLD PLAINSMAN OF THE NOVELS, 137

WILD BILL — FROM A PHOTOGRAPH, 147

BUFFALO BILL — FROM A PHOTOGRAPH, 147

OUR HORSES RUN AWAY WITH Us, . . 157

THE PIPE OF PEACE — THE PROFESSOR'S DILEMMA, 167

WHITE WOLF AT HOME, 172

THE WILD DENIZENS OF THE PLAINS, 197

SMASHING A CHEYENNE BLACK-KETTLE, 219

MIDNIGHT SERENADE ON THE PLAINS, 227

GOING AFTER AMMUNITION, . 259

BATTLE BETWEEN CHEYENNES AND PAWNEES, 271

ONE OF OUR SPECIMENS — PHOTOGRAPHED BY J. LEE KNIGHT, TOPEKA, . 301

WANTON DESTRUCTION OF BUFFALO, EMBRACING:

DAILY, FOR FUN, : . . 315

300 A DAY FOR PLEASURE, 315

FOR EXCITEMENT, . . . *. . . . . . . . 315

100,000 FOR TONGUES, 315

2,000,000 FOR ROBES, TO GET WHISKY, 31o

DUG OUT, . 329

TAKING AND BEING TAKEN, . . . • 335

DEVELOPING — ONE OF THE FIRST FAMILIES, . . *• ... . . 348

THE SEA WHICH ONCE COVERED THE PLAINS, . . . ..-'-. . . 357

WAOONDA DA— GREAT SPIRIT SALT SPRING. . 398

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FAGS

MORE OF OUR SPECIMENS (PHOTOGRAPHED BY J. LEE KNIGHT), EMBRACING:

PRAIRIE CHICKENS, . . . ' » • • • • .413

HEAD OF AN ELK, 413

WILD TTOKEY. 413

BKATEB,

413

BUFFALO LAND.

CHAPTER I.

THE OBJECT OP OUR EXPEDITION — A GLIMPSE OP ALASKA THROUGH CAPTAIN WALRUS*
GLASS — WE ARE TEMPTED BY OUR RECENT PURCHASE — ALASKAN GAME OP "OLD
SLEDGE" — THE EARLY STRUGGLES OP KANSAS — THE SMOKY HILL TRAIL — INDIAN
HIGH ART — THE "BORDER-RUFFIAN," PAST AND PRESENT — TOPEKA HOW IT RE-
CEIVED ITS NAME — WAUKARUSA AND ITS LEGEND.

THE great plains — the region of country in which
our expedition sojourned for so many months — is
wilder, and by far more interesting, than those soli-
tudes over which the Egyptian Sphynx looks out.
The latter are barren and desolate, while the former
teem with their savage races and scarcely more savage
beasts. The very soil which these tread is written all
over with a history of the past, even its surface giving
to science wonderful and countless fossils of those ages
when the world was young and man not yet born.

At first, it was rather unsettled which way the
steps of our party would turn ; between unexplored
territory and that newly acquired, there were several
fields open which promised much of interest. Orig-
inally, our company numbered a dozen; but Alaska
tempted a portion of our savans, and to the fishy and
frigid maiden they yielded, drawn by a strange predi-
lection for train-oil and seal meat toward the land of

(25)

26 BUFFALO LAND.

furs. For the remainder of our party, however, life
under the Alaskan's tent-pole had no charms. Our
decision may have been influenced somewhat by the
seafaring man with whom our friends were to sail.
The real name of this son of Neptune was Samuels,
but our party called him, as it savored more of salt
water, Captain Walrus, of the bark Harpoon. This
worthy, according to his own statement, had been
born on a whaler, weaned among the Esquimeaux,
and, moreover, had frozen off eight toes "trying to
winter it at our recent purchase." He evidently dis-
liked to have scientific men aboard, intent on studying
eclipses and seals. "A heathenish and strange people
are the Alaskans," Walrus was wont to say. "What
is not Indian is Russian, and a compound of the latter
and aboriginal is a mixture most villainous. One por-
tion of 'the partnership anatomy takes to brandy, while
the other absorbs train-oil, and so a half-breed Alaskan
heathen is always prepared for spontaneous combus-
tion, and if rubbed the wrong way, flames up instantly.
He is always hot for murder, and if you throw cold
water on his designs, his oily nature sheds it."

And many a yarn did the captain spin concerning
their strange customs. Sealing a marriage contract
consisted in the warrior leaving a fat seal at the hole
of the hut, where his intended crawled in to her
home privileges of smoke and fish. Their favorite
game was "old sledge," played with prisoners to
shorten their captivity.

All this, and much more, probably equally true, we
had picked up of Alaskan history, and at one time
our chests had been packed for a voyage on the Har-
poon; but at the final council the west carried it

29

against the north, and our steps were directed toward
the setting sun, instead of the polar star.

The expedition afforded unexcelled facilities for
seeing Buffalo Land. It was composed of good ma-
terial, and pursued its chosen path successfully,
though under difficulties which would have turned
back a less determined party.

None of our company, I trust, will consider it an
unwarrantable license which recounts to others the
personal peculiarities and mistakes about which we
joked so freely while in camp. It was generally un-
derstood, before we parted, that the adventures should
be common stock for our children and children's
children. Why should not the great public share in
it also ?

Let the reader place before him a checker-board,
and allow it to represent Kansas, whose shape and
outline it much resembles ; the half nearest him will
stand for the eastern or settled portion of the State,
of which the other half is embraced in Buffalo Land
proper. It is with the latter that we have first to do,
as with it we first became acquainted.

Our party entered the State at Kansas City, and
took the cars for Topeka, its capital. During our
morning ride through the valley of the Kaw, memory
went backward to the years when "Bleeding Kan-
sas " was the signal-cry of emancipation. When gray
old Time, a decade and a half ago, was writing the his-
tory of those bright children of Freedom, the united
sisterhood, a virgin arm reached over his shoulder,
and a fair young hand, stained with its own life-

30 BUFFALO LAND.

blood, wrote on the page toward which all the world
was gazing, " I am Kansas, latest-born of America.
I would be free, yet they would make me a slave.
Save me, my sisters ! " The great heart of our nation
was sorely distressed. Conscience pointed to one
path — Policy, that rank hypocrite, to another.

And so it was that the young queen, with her
grand domain in the West, struggled forward to lay
her fealty at the feet of our great mother, Liberty.
She made a body-guard of her own sons, and their
number was quickly swelled by'brave hearts from the
north, east, and west. The new territory, begging
admission as a State, became a battle-ground.
Slavery had reached forth its hand to grasp the new
State and fresh soil, but the mutilated member was
drawn back with wounds which soon reached, cor-
rupted and destroyed the body. In this land of the
Far West a nation of young giants had been suddenly
developed, and Kansas was forever won for freedom.

But there was yet another enemy and another dan-
ger. Westward, toward Colorado, the savage's toma-
hawk and knife glittered, and struck among the
affrighted settlements. Ad Astra per Aspera, " to the
stars through difficulties," the State exclaims on the
seal, and to the stars, through blood, its course has
been.

Those old pages of history are too bloody to be
brought to light in the bright present, and we purpose
turning them only enough to gather what will be
now of practical use. Kansas suffered cruelly, and
brooded over her wrongs, but she has long since struck
hands with her bitterer foe. Most of the "Border

THE SMOKY HILL T^AIL. 31

Ruffians " ripened on gallows trees, or fell by the
sword, years ago. A few, however, are yet spared,
to cheer their old age by riding around in desolate
woods at midnight, wrapped in damp nightgowns,
and masked in grinning death-heads. Although the
mists of shadow-land are chilling their hearts, yet
those organs, at the cry of blood, beat quick again,
like regimental drums, for action.

The Kaw or the Kansas River, the valley of which
we were traversing, is the principal stream of the
State — in length to the mouth of the Republican one
hundred and fifty miles, and above that, under the
name of Smoky Hill, three hundred miles more.

The " Smoky Hill trail " is a familiar name in
many an American home. It was the great Califor-
nia path, and many a time the demons of the plain
gloated over fair hair, yet fresh from a mother's touch
and blessing. And many a faint and thirsty trav-
eler has flung himself with a burst of gratitude on
the sandy bed of the desolate river, and thanked the
Great Giver of all good for the concealed life found
under the sand, and with the strength thus sucked
from the bosom of our much-abused mother, he has
pushed onward until at length the grand mountains
and great parks of Colorado burst upon his delighted
vision.

About noon we arrived at Topeka, the capital,
well situated on the south bank of the river, having
a comfortable, well-to-do air, which suggests the quiet
satisfaction of an honest burgher after a morning of
toil. The slavery billow of agitation rolled even thus
far from beyond the border of the state. Armed men

32 BUFFALO LAND.

rode over the beautiful prairies, some east, some
West — one band to transplant slavery from the tainted
soil of Missouri, another to pluck it up.

A small party of Free State men settled upon this
beautiful prairie. South flowed the Waukarusa,
south and east the Shunganunga, and west and north
the Kaw or Kansas. Here thrived a bulbous root,
much loved by the red man, and here lazy Potta-
watomies gathered in the fall to dig it. In size and
somewhat in shape, it resembled a goose egg, and had
a hard; reddish brown shell, arid an interior like
damaged dough. The Indian gourmands ate it
greedily and called it "Topeka." From the two or
three families of refugee Free State men the town
grew up, and from the Indian root it took its
name. Its christening took place in the first cabin
erected, and it is reported, that a now prominent
banker of the town stood sponsor, with his back
against the door, refusing any egress until the name
of his choice was accepted. It is even affirmed that
one opposing city founder was pulled back by his
coat-tail from an attempted escape up the wide
chimney.

The old Indian love of commemorating events by
significant names is well illustrated in Kansas. One
example may be given here. Waukarusa once op-
posed its swollen tide to an exploring band of red
men. Now, from time beyond ken, the noble savage
has* been illustrious for the ingenuity with which he
lays all disagreeable duties upon the shoulders of the
patient squaw. He may ride to their death, in free
wild sport, the bison multitudes; but their skins

'TOASTS HIS MOCCASINED FEET BY THE FIRE."

35

must be converted into marketable robes, and the
flesh into jerked meat, by the ugly and over-worked
partner of his bosom. While she pins the raw hide
to earth, and bends patiently over, fleshing it with
horn hatchet for weary hours, the stronger vessel, his
abdominal recesses wadded with buffalo meat, toasts
his moccasined feet by the fire, fills his lungs with
smoke from villainous killikinick, and muses sooth-
ingly of white scalps and happy hunting grounds.

Ox-like maiden, happy " big injun ! " you both be-
long to an age and a history well nigh past, and let us
rejoice that it is so.

But to return to the band long since gathered into
aboriginal dust whom we left pausing on the banks
of the Waukarusa. " Deep water, bad bottom ! "
grunted the braves, and, nothing doubting it, one lov-
ing warrior pushed his wife and her pony over the
bank to test the matter. From the middle of the
tide the squaw called back, "Waukarusa" (thigh
deep), and soon had gained the opposite bank in
safety. Then and there the creek received its name,
" Waukarusa."

We procured a remarkable sketch, in the well
known Indian style of high art, commemorative of
this event. It has always struck us that the savage
order of drawing resembles very much that of the
ancient Egyptian — except in the matter of drawing
at sight, with bow or rifle, on the white man.

CHAPTER II.

A CHAP-TUB OF INTRODUCTIONS— PROFESSOR PALEOZOIC— TAMMANY SACHEM— DOCTOR

PYTHAGORAS GENUINE MUGGS COLON AND SEMI-COLON SHAMUS DOBEEN

TENACIOUS GRIPE— BUGS AND PHILOSOPHY — HOW GRIPE BECAME A REPUBLICAN.

WHEN permission was given me to draw upon
the journal of our trip for such material as I
might desire, it was stipulated that the camp-names
should be adhered to. A company on the plains is
no respecter of persons, and titles which might have
caused offense before starting were received in good
part, and worn gracefully thenceforward.

Our leader, Professor Paleozoic, ordinarily existed
in a sort of transition state between the primary
and tertiary formations. He could tell cheese from
chalk under the microscope, and show that one was
full of the fossil and the other of the living evidences
of animal life. A worthy man, vastly more troubled
with rocks on the brain than "rocks" in the pocket.

Learning had once come near making him mad,
but from this «ad fate he was happily saved by a
somewhat Pickwickian blunder. While in Kansas,
some years since, he penetrated a remote portion of
the wilderness, where, as he was happy in believing,
none but the native savage, or, possibly, the prime-
val man, could ever have tarried long enough to leave
any sign behind. Imagine his astonishment and

(36)

A PICKWICKIAN BLUNDER. 37

delight, therefore, when from the tangled grass he
drew an upright stone, with lines chiseled on three
sides and on the fourth a rude figure resembling
more than any thing else one of those odd fictions
which geologists call restored specimens. On a ledge
near were huge depressions like foot-prints. They
were foot-prints of birds, no doubt, and quite as per-
fect as those found in more favored localities, and
from which whole skeletons had been constructed by
learned men.

Both specimens were forwarded to, and at the
expense of, noted savans of the East. Our professor
called the pillar from the tangled grass an altar
raised by early races to the winds. The short lines,
he suggested, designated the different points of the
compass, while the rude figure was intended for
Boreas. Our scientists toward the rising sun met
the boxes at the depot, paid charges, and careful
draymen bore them to the expectant museum.

One hour after, seven wise men might have been
seen wending their way sorrowfully homeward, with
hands crossed meditatively under their coat-tails, and
pocket vacuums where lately were modern coins.
Government clearly had a case against our professor.
Science decided that he had removed a stone telling
in surveyors' signs just what section and township
it was on. The figure which he had imagined a
heathen idea of Boreas was the fancy of some sur-
veyor's idle moment — a shocking sketch of an im-
possible buffalo. Whether the bird-tracks had a
common origin, or were hewn by the hatchets of the
red man, is a point still under discussion.

438920

38 BUFFALO LAND.

A worthy man, as before remarked, was the pro-
fessor, full of knowledge, genial in camp, and, having
rubbed his eye-tooth on a section stone, geological
authority of the highest order. When the professor
said a particular rock belonged to the cretaceous for-
mation, one might safely conclude that no modern
influences had been at work either on that rock or
in that vicinity. That question was settled.

Next came Tammany Sachem, our heavy weight
and our inystery. Before joining our party, he had
been a New York alderman, noted for prowess in
annual aldermanic .clam-bakes at Coney Island. He
was wont to exhibit a medal, the prize of such a
tournament, on which several immense clams were
racing to the griddle, for the honor of being devoured
by the city fathers.

A green-ribbed hunting coat traversed his rotund-
ity, which had the generous swell of a puncheon.
His face was reddish, and his nose like a beacon-
light against a sunset sky. When you thought him
awake, he was half asleep ; when you thought him
asleep, he was wide awake. A look of extreme
happiness always beamed on his face when mis-
fortunes impended. Per contra, successes made him
suspicious and morose. New York aldermen have
always been a puzzle to the nation at large. Per-
haps our friend's facial contradictions, put on origin-
ally as one of the tricks of the trade, had become
chronic from long usage. We have since learned
that the sachems of Tammany laugh the loudest
and joke the most freely when under affliction.

When I was appointed editor, the Sachem volun-

CUPID AND CLAMS. 41

teered as local reporter. Many of the items he
gathered are entered in our log-book in rhyme, and
to these pages some of them are transferred verba-
tim. In wooing the muses, our alderman certainly
acted out of character. The ideal poet is thin in-
stead of obese, and he is a reckless innovator who
lays claim to any measure of the divine afflatus
without possessing either a pale face, thin form, or
a garret.

As to what drove a New York alderman to the
society of buffaloes, we had but one explanation,
and that was Sachem's own. We knew that he dis-
liked women in every form, Sorosis and Anti-Sorosis,
bitter and sweet alike. According to his statement,
made to us in good faith, and which I chronicle in
the same, Cupid had once essayed to drive a dart
into Sachem's heart, but, in doing so, the barb also
struck and wounded his liver. As his love increased,
his health failed. His liver became affected in the
same ratio as his heart. This was touching our
alderman in a tender spot. Imagine a New York
city father without digestion ; what a subject of scorn
he would become to his constituency! Our alderman
fled from Cupid, clams, and his beloved Gotham, and
sought health and buffalo on the plains of Kansas.
As he remarked to us pathetically: "A good liver
makes a good husband. Indigestion frightens con-
nubial bliss out of the window. Pills, my boy, pills
is the quietus of love. If you wish Cupid to leave,
give him a dose of 'em. The liver, instead of the
heart, is at the bottom of half the suicides."

Doctor Pythagoras in years was fifty, and in stature
3

42 BUFFALO LAND.

short. His favorite theory was " development," and
this he carried to depths which would have astonished
Darwin himself. How humble he used to make us
feel by digging at the roots of the family tree until its
uttermost fiber lay between an oyster and a sponge !
(Rumor charged him with waiting so long for diseases
to develop, that his patients developed into spirits.)
While he indorsed Darwin, however, he also admired
Pythagoras. The latter's doctrine of metempsychosis
he Darwinized. In their transmigration from one
body to another, souls developed, taking a higher or-
der of being with each change, until finally fitted to
enter the land of spirits. The soul of a jack-of-all-
trades was one which developed slowly, and picked
up a new craft with each new body. Like Pythag-
oras, he remembered several previous bodies which
his soul had animated, among others that of the orig-
inal Rarey, who existed in Egpyt some centuries be-
fore the modern usurper was born. If souls proved
entirely unworthy during the probationary or human
period, they were cast back into the brute creation to
try it over again. To this class belonged prize-fight-
ers, Congressmen, and the like. With them the past
was a blank — an unsuccessful problem washed from
the slate. The doctor had a hobby that a vicious
horse was only a vicious man entered into a lower or-
der of being. To demonstrate this he had traveled,
and still persisted in traveling, on eccentric horses,
for the purpose of reasoning with them. But his
Egyptian lore had been lost in transmission, and his
falls, kicks, and bites became as many as the moons
which had passed over his head.

THE MUGGSES. 45

Genuine Muggs was an Englishman. The an-
tipodes of Tammany Sachem, who would not believe
any thing, Muggs swallowed every thing. He had
already absorbed so much in this way that he knew
all about the United States before visiting it. Given
half a chance, he would undoubtedly have told the
savage more about the latter's habits than the ab-
origine himself knew. It was positively impossible
for him to learn any thing. His round British body
was so full of indisputable facts that another one
would have burst it. In the Presidential alphabet,
from Alpha Washington to Omega Grant, he knew
all of our rulers' tricks and trades, and understood
better the crooked ways of the White House than our
own talented Jenkins.

British phlegm incased his soul, and British
leather his feet. From heel to crown he was com-
pletely a Briton. His mutton-chop whiskers came
just so far, and the h's dropped in and out of his ut-
terings in a perfectly natural way. In the Briton's
alphabet, Sachem used to remark, the / is so big that
it is no wonder the H is often crowded out.

Muggs was a fair representative of the average
Englishman who has traveled somewhat. The eye-
teeth of these persons are generally cut with a slash,
and they are forever after sore-mouthed. For a
maiden effort they never suck knowledge gently in,
but attempt a gulp which strangles. The conse-
quence of this hasty acquiring is a bloated condition.
The partly-traveled Briton seems, at first acquaint-
ance, full and swollen with knowledge ; but should

46 BUFFALO LAXD.

the student of learning apply the prick, the result ob-
tained will generally prove to be — gas.

Over our great country, some of the family of
Muggs meet one at every turn. Often they scurry
along solitarily, but occasionally in groups. In the
former case they are unsocial to every body — in the
latter to every body except their own party. The
bliss which comes from ignorance must be of a thor-
oughly enjoyable nature, for the Muggses certainly
do enjoy themselves. The}7 will pass through a coun-
try, remaining completely uncommunicative and self-
wrapped, and know less of it after six months' traveling
than an American in two. The professor says he has
met them in the lonely parks of the Rocky Mount-
ains and in the fishing and hunting solitudes of the
Canadas. If they have been an unusually long time
without seeing a human being, they may possibly
catch at an eye-glass and fling themselves abruptly
into a few remarks. But it is in a tone which says,
plainer than words, " No use in your going any
further, man; I have absorbed all the beauties and
knowledge of this locality."

It is a rare treat to see a coach delivered of Muggs
at a country inn. " Hi, porter, look hout for my lug-
gage, you know. Tell the publican some chops, rare,
and lively now, and a mug of hale, and, if I can 'ave
it, a room to myself." If the latter request is
granted, and you are inquisitive enough to take a
peep, you may see Muggs sturdily surveying himself
in the glass, and giving certain satisfied pats to his
cravat and waistcoat, as if to satisfy them that they
covered a Briton. Could the mirror which reflects

DOBEEN AND GKIPE. 51

therefore, why the professor for short should call him,
as he nearly always did, "Semi."

Shamus Dobeen, our cook and body-servant, accord-
ing to his own account, was the child of an impov-
erished but noble Irish family. Indeed, we doubt if
any Irishman was ever promoted from shovel laborer
to body-servant without suddenly remembering that
he was "descinded" from a line of kings. At the
time Shamus was added to the population of Ireland,
the patrimonial estate had dwindled down to a peat
bog. As this soon "petered out," Shamus went
from the exhausted moor into the cold world. He
had been by turns expelled patriot, dirt disturber on
new railroads, gunner on a Confederate cruiser, and
high private in a Union regiment. The position of
gunner he lost by touching off a piece before the
muzzle had been run out, in consequence of which
part of the vessel's side went off suddenly with the
gun. Captured, he readily became a Union soldier,
and could, without doubt, have transformed himself
into a Cheyenne, or a Patagonian, had occasion for
either ever required.

While in Topeka, our party made the acquaintance
of Tenacious Gripe, a well-known Kansas politician,
and who attached himself to us for the trip. Every
person in the State knew him, had known him in
territorial times, and would know him until either
the State or he ceased to be.

Flung headlong from somewhere into Kansas dur-
ing the "border ruffian" period, he would probably
have passed as rapidly out of it had he been allowed
to do so peaceably. But as the slavery party en-

52 BUFFALO LAND.

deavored to push him, he concluded to stick. At
that particular time, he was a moderate Democrat or
conservative Republican, and consequently had no
particular principles. But the slavery party sup-
posed he had, and to them accordingly he became
an object of suspicion. They assumed the aggres-
sive, and he at once resolved into a staunch Repub-
lican. Had the latter first struck him, he would
have been as staunch a Democrat. And Gripe has
never known how near he came to being the latter.
The Republicans had just decided to order him out
of the state as a border ruffian spy, when the Demo-
crats took action and did so for his not being one.
Those were troublous times. He went to the front
at once in the antislavery ranks, and has stayed there
ever since. Sore-headed men are apt to become
famous. There were those in our late war who were
kicked by adversity into the very arms of Fame.

Our friend had been in both the upper and lower
houses of the State Legislature, and had rolled Con-
gressional logs, moreover, until he was hardly happy
without having his hands on one,

'AN UNFORTUNATE WINK. 59

own legs as well. His tail having been cut short in
youth, and retrimmed in old age, the outfit made but
a sorry figure going up the street. The Professor
said it suggested the idea of some fossil vertabra, with
a paint brush attached to its end, running away with
a geological student.

After the return and cries for more bids, Muggs
must have winked at the auctioneer — possibly, to
slyly telegraph him the fact that in "Hengland"
tney were up to such games. At least the auctioneer
so declared, and advancing the price one dollar in
accordance therewith, finally knocked the brute down
to him. Then the British wrath bubbled and boiled.
The auctioneer was inexorable. Muggs had winked,
and that was an advanced bid, according to com-
mercial custom the land over. Articles were often
sold simply by the vibration of an eyelash, and not
a word uttered.

The Professor remarked that in law winks would
doubtless be accepted as evidence. It was a recog-
nized principle of the statutes that he who winked at
a matter acquiesced in it, and indeed such signals
were often more expressive than words. Sachem
sustained this point, and added further that he had
known many a man's head broken on account of an
injudicious wink.

The crowd, with almost unanimous voice, pro-
nounced the auctioneer right and Muggs wrong.

"Me take the brute!" exclaimed the indignant
Briton; "why he can 'ardly stand up long enough to
be knocked down. Except in France, he could be
put to no earthly use whatever. 'Is knees knogk to-

DO BUFFALO LAND.

gether in an ague quartette, and 'is tail — look at it !
It's hincapable of knocking a fly off; looks more like
flying off hitself ! " Muggs further declared the sale
was an attempt on the owner's part to evade the
health officer, who would have been around, in a
couple of days, to have the carcass removed.

The auctioneer waxed belligerent, the crowd noisy,
and Muggs, like a true Englishman, secured peace
at the price of British gold. The horse was on his
hands, having barely escaped being on the town,
and an enthusiastic crowd of urchins escorted the
purchase to a livery stable. Muggs christened the
animal Cynocephalus, and soon afterward sold him to
Mr. Colon, who was of an economical turn, for the
use of his son Semi.

"I have heard," said the thoughtful father, "that
the buffalo grass of the plains is very nourishing.
All that the poor steed needs is care and fat pastures.
Semi can give him the former, and over the latter
our future journey lies. I have also learned that
what is especially needed in a hunting horse is
steadiness, and this quality the animal certainly
possesses."

From some months' acquaintance with the pur-
chase, we can say that Cynocephalus was steady to a
remarkable degree. We are firmly persuaded that a
heavy battery might have fired a salute over his back
without moving him, unless, possibly, the concussion
knocked him down.

Our first hunting morning, the second day pre-
ceding our hegira westward, came to us with a clear
sky, the sun shedding a mellow warmth, and the air

INDIAN SUMMEE IN KANSAS. 61

full of those exhilarating qualities which our lungs
afterward drank in so freely on the plains. Indian
summer, delightful anywhere, is especially so in
Kansas.

From the advance guard of the winter king not a
single chilling zephyr steals forward among the tar-
rying ones of summer. Soothing and gentle as when
laden with spicy fragrance south, they here shower
the whole land with sunbeams. Earth no longer
seems a heavy, inert mass, but floats in that smoky,
fleecy atmosphere with which artists delight so much
to wrap their angels. It is as if the warmer, lighter
clouds of sunny weather were nestling close to earth,
frightened from the skies, like a flock of white swans,
at the October howls of winter. But I never could
agree with those writers who call this season dreamy.
If such it be, it is surely a dream of motion. All na-
ture appears quickened. The inhabitants of the air
have commenced their southern pilgrimage, and the
oldest and leading ganders may be heard croaking,
day-time and night-time, to their wedge-shaped flocks
their narrative of summer experiences at the Arctic
circle, and their commands for the present journey.

Sachem, I find, has recorded as a discovery in nat-
ural history that geese form their flocks in wedge
shape that they may easier "make a split" for the
south when Nature, with her north pole, stirs up
their feeding • and breeding-grounds in November
gales, and changes their fields of operation into fields
of ice. Sachem was sadly addicted to slang phrases.

All game, I may remark, is wilder at this season
of the year than earlier. If the earth is dreaming,

62 BUFFALO LAND.

its wild inhabitants certainly are not. Men, too, have
thrown off the summer lethargy, and shave their
neighbors as closely as ever. If any one thinks it a
dreamy season of the year, let him test the matter
practically by being a day or two behindhand with a
payment.

In reply to a question, the professor told us that
the smoky condition of the atmosphere was probably
caused by the exhalation of phosphorus from decay-
ing vegetation. Sachem remarked that out of twenty
different objects which he had submitted for ex-
amination, and as many questions that he had asked,
nine-tenths of the results contained phosphorus in
some shape. It was becoming monotonous and dan-
gerous.

While the party thus mused and speculated, we had
come out into the open country, south-west of town,
and were now approaching Webster's Mound, a cone-
shaped hill from which we afterward obtained some
excellent views. For the trip we had been supplied
with two dogs, one a setter, belonging to the private
secretary of the Governor, and the other a pointer,
the property of a real estate dealer. The former was
an ancient and venerable animal. The rheumatism
was seized of his backbone and held high revel upon
the juices which should have lubricated the joints.
Even his tail wagged with a jerk, inclining the body
to whichever side it had last swung. He was so full
of rheumatism that whenever he scented a chicken
the pain evoked by the excitement caused him to
howl with anguish. The pointer, per contra, was
hale and swift, but had lost one eye ; and a shot from

THE HUNTER'S TRIUMPH. 63

the same charge which destroyed that organ, rattled
also on his left ear-drum, and that membrane no
longer responded to the shouts of the hunter. On
one side he could see, and not hear — on the other,
hear, but not see. Nevertheless, with gestures for
the left view, and shouts on the right, fair work
might still be obtained. Both dogs rejoiced in the
uncommon name of Rover, and both possessed that
most excellent of all points in such animals, a steady
point.

If any of my readers are fond of field-sports, and
have not yet shot prairie-chickens over a dog, let
them take their guns and hie to the West, and taste
for themselves of this rare sport. With the wide
prairie around him, keeping the bird in full view dur-
ing its passage through the air, one can choose his
distance for firing and witness the full effect of his
shot. I think the brief instant when the flight of the
bird is checked and it drops head-foremost to earth, is
the sweetest moment of all to the hunter.

CHAPTER IV.

CHICKEN-SHOOTING CONTINUED — A SCIENTIFIC PARTY TAKE THE BIRDS ON THE

WING EVILS OP FAST FIRING — AN OLD-FASHIONED "SLOW SHOT" THB

HABITS OP THE PRAIRIE-CHICKEN— ITS PROSPECTIVE EXTINCTION— MODE OF
HUNTING IT — THE GOPHER SCALP LAW.

WE had left the road and were now driving over
the fine prairie skirting Webster's Mound, the
grass being about a foot high and affording excellent
cover. Taking advantage of its being matted so
closely from the early frosts, the old cocks hid under
the thick tufts and called for close work on the part
of our dogs.

Back and forth across our path these intelligent
animals ranged, the one fifty yards or so to our right,
the other as many to our left, crossing and re-cross-
ing, with open mouths drinking in eagerly the tainted
breeze. This latter was in our favor, and both dogs
suddenly joined company and worked up into it, with
outstretched noses pointing to game that was evi-
dently close ahead.

The pointer crawled cautiously, like a tiger, his
spotted belly sweeping the earth, and his tail, which
had been lashing rapidly an instant before, gradually
stiffening. He would open his mouth suddenly,
drink in a quick, deep draught of air, and, closing
the jaws again, hold it until obliged to take another

(64)

THE DOGS COME TO A POINT. 65

respiration. He seemed as loath to let the scent of
the chicken pass from his nostrils as a hungry news-
boy is to quit the savory precincts of Delmonico's
kitchen window. The setter's old bones appeared to
renew their youth under the excitement, and he was
as active as a retired war-horse suddenly plunged
into battle.

Both dogs came simultaneously to a point — tails
curved up and rigid, each body motionless as if cut
in marble and one forepaw lifted. No wonder so
many men are wild with a passion for hunting. Kind
Providence smiles upon the legitimate sport from
conception to close, and gives us a pose to start with
fascinating to any lover of the beautiful, whether
hunter or not. But one must not pause to moralize
while dogs are on the point, or he will have more
philosophy than chickens.

All the party had got safely to ground and were
behind the dogs, with guns ready and eyes eagerly
fastened on the thick grass which concealed its treas-
ure as completely as if it had been a thousand miles
below its roots, or on the opposite side of this mun
dane sphere in China. Not a thing was visible within
fifty yards of our noses save two dogs standing mo-
tionless, with stiffened tails and eyes fixed on, and
nozzles pointed toward, a spot in the sea of brown,
withered grass, not ten feet away.

The Professor took out his lens, Mr. Colon let
down the hammers of his gun and cocked them again,
to be sure all was right, while Sachem wore a puzzled
expression as if undecided whether the attitude of
the dogs indicated any thing particular ,or not. The
4 '

66 BUFFALO LAND.

grass nodded and rustled in the light wind, but
not a blade moved to indicate the presence of any
living thing beneath it, while the dogs remained as
if petrified.

The Professor said it was very remarkable, and
wondered what had better be done next. Mr. Colon
thought that the dogs were tired, and we might as
well get into the wagon. Another suggested at ran-
dom that we should set the dogs on, and Muggs,
who had probably heard the expression somewhere,
cried, " Hi, boys, on bloods ! " At the words the
dogs made a few quick steps forward, and on the
instant the grass Seemed alive with feathered forms,
popping into air like bobs in shuttlecock. Such a
fluttering and flying I have never seen since, when
a boy, I ventured into a dove cote, and was knocked
over by the rush of the alarmed inmates. From un-
der our very feet, almost brushing our faces, the
beautiful pinnated grouse of the prairies left their
cover, and us also.

Every gun had gone off on the instant, and we
doubt if one was raised an inch higher than it hap-
pened to be when the covey started. The Professor
afterward extracted some stray shot from the legs of
his boots, and the setter, which was next to Muggs, gave
a cry of pain for which there was evidently other
cause than rheumatism, as was demonstrated by his
retirement to the rear, from which he refused to
budge until we all got into the wagon, and to which
he invariably retreated whenever we got out.

From the midst of the birds which were soaring
away, one was seen to rise suddenly a few feet above

THE SPORT CONTINUED. 69

his comrades, and then fall straight as a plummet,
and head first, to earth. It had caught some stray
shot from the bombardment — Muggs claimed from
his gun, but this statement the setter, could he have
spoken, would certainly have disputed.

Semi-Colon brought in the game, which proved to
be a fine male, with whiskers and full plumage, which
must have made sad havoc among the hearts of the
hens, when the old fellow was on annual dress pa-
rade in the spring. At that season of the year the
cocks seek some knoll of the prairie, where the grass
has been burnt or cut off, and strut up and down with
ruffled feathers, uttering meanwhile a booming sound,
which can be heard in a clear morning for miles.
The flabby pink skin that at other seasons hangs in
loose folds on his neck is then distended like a bag-
pipe, and he is a very different bird from the same
individual in his Quaker gray and respectable sum-
mer and fall habits:

Ensconced again in the wagon, our party moved
forward, the dogs, as before, examining the prairie.
The professor was comparing the birds of the present
and the past ages, when Muggs suddenly blasted his
eyes and declared the beasts were at it again. And
so they werer the setter making a good stand at some
game in the grass, and the other dog, a short distance
off, pointing his companion. During the remainder
of the day we found many large flocks of birds, and
fired away until two or three swelled noses testified
how dirty our guns were.

" Fast shooting," said the professor, as we were on
our way home, " is as bad as that too slow. Al-

70 BUFFALO LAXD.

though I am no sportsman from practice, I love and
have studied the principles of it. In my father's day
the rule was, when a bird rose, for a hunter to take
out his snuff-box, take snuff, replace the box, aim, and
fire: You may find the advice yet in some works.
The shot then has distance in which to spread. With
close shooting they are all together, and you might as
well fire a bullet. When you have given the bird
time, act quickly. The first sight is the best.
Again, the first moment of flight, with most birds, is
very irregular, as it is upward, instead of from you."

Dobeen begged leave to inform our "honors " that
in Ireland, after a bird rose, the rule was, instead of
taking snuff, to take off the boots before firing. The
professor thought that such a habit related to outrun-
ning the gamekeeper, and was intended to procure
distance for the poacher rather than the bird.

Sachem stated that he had known a slow hunter
once. He was a revolutionary veteran, used a'revo-
lutionary musket, and believed in revolutionary pow-
der. He refused to do any thing different from what
his fathers did, and abhorred double-barreled shot-
guns and percussion-caps as inventions of the devil.
It was constantly, "General Washington did this,"
and "Our army did that," and his old head shook
sadly at the innovations Young America was making.
His ghost, with the revolutionary musket on its
shoulder, had since been known to chase hunters,
with breech-loaders, who were caught on his favorite
ground after dark. " Old 1776 " was great on wing-
shooting, and could be seen at almost any time hob-
bling over the moor, firing away at snipe and water-

EXTERMINATING THE PRAIRIE-CHICKEN. 71

fowl. He was one of those slow, deliberate cases, al-
ways taking snuff after the bird rose. There would
be a glitter of fluttering wings as the game shot into
air. Down would come the long musket, out would
come the snuff-box, and the old soldier would go
through the present, make ready, take snuff, take
aim, and fire, all as coolly as if on parade. The old
musket often hung fire from five to ten seconds, and
the premonitory flash could be seen as the shaky
flint clattered down on the pan. The veteran always
patiently covered the bird until the charge got out.
The recoil was tremendous, and the old man often
went down before the bird ; but such positions, he as-
serted, were taken voluntarily, as ones of rest. Some
said that the gun had been known to kick him again
after he was down."

Sachem's narration was here cut short by the dogs
again pointing. This was followed by the usual bom-
bardment, which over, the bag showed the mag-
nificent aggregate of two chickens for the entire
day's sport.

The prairie-chicken is now extinct in many of the
Western States where it was once well known.
Usually, during the first few years of settlement, it
increases rapidly, and is often a nuisance to pioneer
farmers. Perhaps, when the latter first settle in a
country, a few covies may be seen ; under the favora-
ble influences of wheat and corn-fields, the dozens in-
crease to thousands and cover the land. But with
denser settlement come more guns, and, what is a far
more destructive agent, trained dogs also. Under
the first order of things, the farmer, with his musket,

72 BUFFALO LAND.

might kill enough for the home table. With double-
barreled gun and keen-scented pointer, the sportsman
and pot-hunter think nothing of fifty or sixty birds
for a day's work. It seems almost impossible, under
such a combination, for a covey to escape total anni-
hilation.

We may suppose a couple of fair shots hunting
over a dog in August, when the chickens lie close,
and the year's broods are in their most delicate con-
dition for the table. The pointer makes a stand be-
fore a fine covey hidden in the thick grass before him.
The ready guns ask no delay, and, at the word, ho
flushes the chickens immediately under his nose.
Each hunter takes those which rise before him, or on
his side, and if four or less left cover at the first
alarm, that number of gray-speckled forms the next
moment are down in the grass, not to leave it again.
If more rose, they are "marked," which means that
their place of alighting is carefully noted, and, as the
chicken has but a short flight, this task is easy.
Meanwhile, the guns have been reloaded, the dog
flushes others of the hiding birds, and so the sport
goes on. The birds that get away are "marked
down," and again found and flushed by the dog.
Without this useful animal the chickens would mul-
tiply, despite any number of hunters. I have often
seen covies go down in the grass but a few hundred
yards away, yet have tramped through the spot doz-
ens of times without raising a single bird. In
twenty years this delicious game will probably be as
much a thing oi the past as is the Dodo of the Isle
de France. At the period of our visit they were

GOPHER MOUNDS. 73

already gathering into their fall flocks, which some-
times number a hundred or more. In these they
remain until St. Valentine recommends a separation.
During the colder weather of winter they seek the
protection of the timber, and may be seen of morn-
ings on the trees and fences. They never roost there,
however, but pass the night hidden in the adjacent
grass.

The prairie-chicken's admirers are numerous, other
animals beside man being willing to dine on its plump
breast. We had an illustration of this in our first
day's shooting. Sometimes when we fired, the report
would attract to our vicinity wandering hawks, and
we found that either instinct or previous experience
teaches these fierce hunters of the air that in the
vicinity of their fellow-hunter, man, wounded birds
may be found. One wounded chicken, which fell
near us, was seized by a hawk immediately.

As we passed one or two fields, indications of
gophers appeared, their small mounds of earth cover-
ing the ground. In some counties these animals
formerly destroyed crops to such an extent that the
celebrated " Gopher Act " was passed. This gave a
bounty of two dollars for each scalp, and under it
many farms yielded more to the acre than ever before
or since. One of these animals which we secured re-
sembled in size and shape the Norway rat, and, in the
softness and color of its coat, was not unlike a mole.
The oddest thing was its earth-pouches — two open
sacks, one on either side of its head, and capable of
containing each a tablespoonful or more. These the
gopher employs, in his subterranean researches, for

74 BUFFALO LAND.

the same purpose that his enemy, man, does a wheel-
barrow. Packing them with dirt, the little fellow
trudges gayly to the surface, and there cleverly
dumps his load.

We reached town again, well pleased with our
day's ride, and over our evening pipes discussed the
results. Muggs thought our shot were too small.
Sachem thought the birds were.

Colon was delighted with the new State, but be-
lieved that wing-shooting was not his forte. He
would be more apt to hit a bird on the wing if he
could only catch it roosting somewhere.

Gripe, at the other end of the room, was piling Re-
publican doctrines upon a bearded Democratic heathen
from the Western border.

CHAPTER V.

A IKIAL BY JUDGE LYNCH — HONG FOB CONTEMPT OF COURT — QUAIfc SHOOTING

HABITS OF THE BIRDS, AND MODE OF KILLING THEM A RING OF QUAILS — TH1

EFFECTS OF A SEVERE WINTER — THE SNOW GOOSE.

A SHORT time after supper, Tenacious Gripe
appeared with the mayor of the city, who
wished to make the acquaintance of the Professor.
The two august personages bowed to each other. It
was the happiest moment in their respective lives,
they declared. An invitation was extended us to
delay our departure another day and try quail shoot-
ing. The citizens said the birds were unusually
abundant, the previous winter having been mild
and the summer long enough for two separate broods
to be hatched, and the brush and river banks were
swarming with them. As we were about to abandon
the birds of the West and seek an acquaintance with
its beasts, we decided, after a brief consultation, to
accept the invitation and remain another day.

Among the persons present in the crowded office
of the hotel, was a man from the southwestern part
of the state who had lately been interested in a trial
before the celebrated Judge Lynch. Sachem inter-
viewed him, and reports his statement of the occur-
rence in the log book, as follows :

(75)

76 BUFFALO LAND.

A stranger played me fur a fool,
An' threw the high, low, jack,

An' sold me the wuss piece of mule
That ever humped a back.

But that wer fair ; I don't complain,

That I got beat in trade ;
I don't sour on a fellow's gain,
* When sich is honest made.

But wust wer this, he stole the mule,
An' I were bilked complete ;

Such thieves, we hossmen makes a rule
To lift 'em from their feet.

We started arter that 'ere pup,

An' took the judge along,
For fear, with all our dander up,

We might do somethin' wrong.

We caught him under twenty miles,

An tried him under trees ;
The judge he passed around the " smiles,"

As sort o' jury fees.

"Prisoner," says judge, " now say your say,
An' make it short an' sweet,

An', while yer at it, kneel and pray,
For Death yer can not cheat.

No man shall hang, by this 'ere court,

Exceptin' on the square ;
There's time fur speech, if so it's short,

But none to chew or swear."

QUAIL-HUNTING ON THE KAW. 79

' An' then the thievin' rascal cursed,

An' threw his life away,
He said, " Just pony out your worst,
Your best would be foul play."

Then judge he frowned an awful frown.

An' snapped this sentence short,
" Jones, twitch the rope, an' write this down,

Hung for contempt of court ! "

Sharp 8 next morning saw us on the road leading
east of town, the two dogs with us, and a young one
additional, the property of a resident sportsman.
Our last acquisition joined us on the run, and kept
on it all day, going over the ground with the speed
of a greyhound, his fine nose, however, giving him
better success x than his reckless pace would have
indicated.

Three miles from town, or half way between it
and Tecumseh, our party left the wagon, with direc-
tion for it to follow the road, while we scouted along
on a parallel, following the river bank.

The Kaw stretched eastward, broad and shallow,
with numerous sand bars, and along its edges grew
the scarlet sumach and some stunted bushes, and
between these and the corn a high, coarse bottom
grass, with intervals at every hundred yards or so
apart of a shorter variety, like that on a poor prairie.
Among the bushes, there was no grass whatever,
and yet the birds seemed indifferently to frequent
one spot equally with another.

In less than ten minutes after leaving the wagon,
all the dogs were pointing on a barren looking spot,

80 BUFFALO LAND.

thinly sprinkled with scrubby bushes not larger than
jimson-weeds. They were several yards apart, so
that each animal was clearly acting on his own
responsibility.

If it puzzled us the day before to discover any
signs of game under their noses, it certainly did so
now. There was apparently no place of concealment
for any object larger than a field-mouse. The bushes
were wide apart, and the soil between was a loose
sand. Around the roots of the scrubs, it is true, a
few thin, wiry spears of gTass struggled into existence,
but these covered a space not larger than a man's
hand, and it seemed preposterous to imagine that
they could be capable of affording cover. That three
dogs were pointing straight at three bushes was
apparent, but we could see nothing in or about the
latter calling for such attention.

Shamus, who had accompanied us, wished to know
if the twigs were witch hazels, because, if so, three
invisible old beldames might be taking a nap under
them, after a midnight ride. "But, then," said Do-
been, "the dog's hairs don't stand on end as they
always do in Ireland when they see ghosts and
witches." We believe that our worthy cook was
really disappointed in not discovering any stray
broomsticks lying around. These, he afterward in-
formed us, could not be made invisible, though their
owners should take on airy shapes unrecognizable by
mortal eyes.

Muggs had suggested urging the dogs in, but the
party, wiser from yesterday's experience, desired a
ground shot, if it could be secured. The Professor

A WORSTED NIMEOD. 81

adjusted his lens, and decided to make a personal
inspection around the roots of the bush immediately
in front of him.

Carefully the sage bent over the suspicious spot,
and almost fell backward as, with a whiz and a dart,
half a dozen quails flew out, brushing his very nose.
Instantly every bush sent forth its fugitives. A flash
of feathered balls, and they were all gone. Such
whizzing and whirring! it was as if those scraggy
bushes were mitrailleuses, in quick succession dis-
charging their loads.

Only one gun had gone off, but that so loudly that
our ears rung for several seconds. Mr. Colon had
accidentally rammed at least two, perhaps half a
dozen, loads into one barrel, and the gun discharged
with an aim of its own, the butt very low down.
Two birds fell dead'. But alas for our Nimrod!
Colon stood with one hand on his stomach undecided
whether that organ remained or not. On this point,,
however, he was fully re-assured at the supper-table
that night, and in all our after experience, we never
knew that gun to have the least opportunity for
going off, except when at its owner's shoulder, and he
perfectly ready for it.

The two birds were now submitted to the party for
inspection. They were fine specimens of the Ameri-
can quail, more properly called by those versed in
quailology, the Bob White. This bird is very plen-
tiful throughout Kansas, and just before the shoot-
ing season commences, in September, will even fre-
quent the gardens and alight on the houses of To-
peka. They "lay close" before a dog, take flight