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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
- BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
3 | BULLETIN 109 :

A DICTIONARY
OF THE OSAGE LANGUAGE

“BY
FRANCIS LA FLESCHE

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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
BULLETIN 109

A DICTIONARY
OF THE OSAGE LANGUAGE

BY

FRANCIS LA FLESCHE

UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1932

FOR SALE BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION,
BureEavu OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY,
Washington, D. C., June 11, 19381.
Srr: I have the honor to submit the accompanying manuscript,
entitled “A Dictionary of the Osage Language,” by Francis La Flesche,
and to recommend that it be published as a bulletin of the Bureau of
American Ethnology.
Very respectfully yours,
M. W. Strruine, Chief.
Dr. C. G. ABBoT,
Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution.

SATPIMEALAT IO 26 cnr iy

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CONTENTS

Page

TS Eee ee Pe Ok POP SRR, Sree 1 Pen Van, Wire sre 1
OTN nS TS SNS eed eee ret ne OSS Seema ew yy SMO PRD) 2

Oo So Es EWE SCETE) CS 0 Cr TT 9 72 ge Nl AD A AG eh eb 5
eee eRe IC HOIIAEN 2 ot a cp et ee ee ae ee 229

APPENDIX

ireemiee TERME Urine 1s! SON. Peat se Whe kate Bae oa ae ates 359
OSE Sr 2 2 a nS Oe Oe 359
U2 STE TLL tL SSO RIS SONI rade 0 ee es NG ee Pg tea ge 365
2 ET SOE OUDSS GS. VIS BPS I ai i SA OT A A 372
SELENE CCBLCSMONR es PL eke 399
oF ES ce yal EU yt Rs Mk ee ih oe Re Ce eA es Ree aeeTS Be 58 403

. i Bia) 7
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A DICTIONARY OF THE OSAGE LANGUAGE

By Francis La FLEescHe

INTRODUCTION

The preparation of this work has been made possible by the Mis-
souri Historical Society, which, through the energetic interest of its
late treasurer, Mr. Breckinridge Jones, established an “Osage Fund”’
for this particular purpose from a generous donation for the study
of the Osage language made by Mr. E. W. Marland of Ponca City,
Okla. It is the result of several years of study and it is hoped that
it may be of use to those who desire a knowledge, not only of Osage,
but of the great Siouan family of tongues to which it belongs.

After several years of thoughtful work and study, this dictionary is
presented in the hope that it will assist those seeking a knowledge and
understanding of the Osage language and its usages. Much of
this work has been made possible by association with personal friends
among the Osage tribe. Living with them brought out more per-
fectly the words and their meanings. Although many of the expres-
sions of the Osage are similar to those of the Omaha, the terms in their
rituals and songs varied.

Particular attention is called to the fact that little or no reference
has been made to the grammatical construction or meaning of words.
The Osage, like many other tribes, do not discriminate between or
know the various parts of speech. By a careful study of this dic-
tionary the student or casual reader will find the same word has many
meanings, which to the white man would be confusing. In almost
every instance a verb has been indicated by (to) being placed after the
word; then the expressions in three persons have been added as illus-
tration for use. Throughout the English to Osage will be found “‘see”’
or ‘“‘ which see,’’ suggesting that the full meaning or sense of the word
is worth referring to. It has been the desire to give in the Osage-
English a full derivative and meaning and use of the word, while in
many instances the English simply has the Indian word. Where
subject matter refers to ‘‘the back of the book,” interesting para-
phrasing has been given; legends applying strictly to certain words
or expressions will be referred to, giving a better understanding to
the reader. Many references are made to wi-gi-es (rituals), which
play an important part in the construction of this dictionary.

1

2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 108

Personal names given in this volume are found among several
gentes; these have the references as to meaning. ‘There are many
sayings appearing in the back of the book, which have been revised
to the modern expressions, taken from a primer prepared by Raqua &
Montgomery, published in 1834. These will be of great interest.

While it has not been possible to give all words known to the Osage,
those of greatest importance have been given. Some of the words
and expressions of this tribe can not be rendered in English; that is,
there is no English equivalent. Those taken from the rituals are of
great importance, as the rites among the Osage are still held sacred.

In many instances I have found it necessary to change the original
spelling of the words to conform to modern times: s has been changed
to ¢ (as th in thin); rh has been eliminated; 1 and j have also been dis-
carded; the continental vowel is used entirely; the nasalized " is used,
giving the French nasal sound in many of the words where the letter
‘‘n”’ is found, other than at the beginning of a word or syllable. In
all words in the Osage language the most important item to be con-
sidered is the accent; attention is called to the medial letters k, p, and t
which have a different sound than the plain letters in the English. A
study of the phonetic key which follows will be of great assistance.

Acknowledgment is here made of the courtesy of Chief Fred Look-
out and his wife, who were very helpful; also of former Chief Bacon
Rind and others, of Pawhuska, Okla., who gave me many facts that
otherwise could not have been given in this book. While a guest in
Oklahoma I found everyone willing to give the information that has
made it possible for me to perform the task of writing this volume. I
wish also to acknowledge to Grace D. Woodburn my appreciation for
her untiring efforts in carefully and accurately continuing my work,
without whose assistance this dictionary could not have been com-
pleted.

Few abbreviations have been recorded; those that have been used
are self-explanatory. However, itis a simple matter to refer to them:
Om. same, Omaha same; f, feminine; m, masculine.

All references for details will be found in the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-
ninth, Forty-third, and Forty-fifth Annual Reports of the Bureau of
American Ethnology.

PHONETIC Ky

6 as in father. pai Lad exploded i.

baa//.. as in bad. Braise. 2h nasalized i.

Pre ot. vx, as in thin. PS As nasalized exploded i.

(i ee aoe as in dog. eee See as in kin

ene as in prey. | Feuesaaurat a medial k (between k and g).
ot aera exploded e. yd as in man.

pare _y! as in go. Mis cu as in no.

| sega as in he. Meee Sb nasalized n.

ioe as in pierce.

A DICTIONARY OF THE OSAGE LANGUAGE

By Francis La FLEescHEe

INTRODUCTION

_ After several years of thoughtful work and study, this dictionary is

presented in the hope that it will assist those seeking a knowledge and
understanding of the Osage language and its usages. Much of
this work has been made possible by association with personal friends
among the Osage tribe. Living with them brought out more per-
fectly the words and their meanings. Although many of the expres-
sions of the Osage are similar to those of the Omaha, the terms in their
rituals and songs varied.

Particular attention is called to the fact that little or no reference
has been made to the grammatical construction or meaning of words.
The Osage, like many other tribes, do not discriminate between or
know the various parts of speech. By a careful study of this dic-
tionary the student or casual reader will find the same word has many
meanings, which to the white man would be confusing. In almost
every instance a verb has been indicated by (to) being placed after the
word; then the expressions in three persons have been added as illus-
tration for use. Throughout the English to Osage will be found ‘‘see”’
or “which see,’ suggesting that the full meaning or sense of the word
is worth referring to. It has been the desire to give in the Osage-
English a full derivative and meaning and use of the word, while in
many instances the English simply has the Indian word. Where
subject matter refers to ‘“‘the back of the book,’”’ interesting para-
phrasing has been given; legends applying strictly to certain words
or expressions will be referred to, giving a better understanding to
the reader. Many references are made to wi-gi-es (rituals), which
play an important part in the construction of this dictionary.

Personal names given in this volume are found among several
gentes; these have the references as to meaning. There are many
sayings appearing in the back of the book, which have been revised
to the modern expressions, taken from a primer prepared by Raqua &
Montgomery, published in 1834. These will be of great interest.
Some might be classed as wise sayings.

While it has not been possible to give all words known to the Osage,
those of greatest importance have been given. Some of the words

1

2 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

and expressions of this tribe can not be rendered in English; that is,
there is no English equivalent. Those taken from the rituals are of
ereat importance, as the rites among the Osage are still held sacred.

In many instances I have found it necessary to change the original
spelling of the words to conform to modern times: s has been changed
to ¢ (as th in thin); rh has been eliminated; 1 and j have also been dis-
carded; the continental vowel is used entirely; the nasalized " is used,
giving the French nasal sound in many of the words where the letter
‘“‘n” is found, other than at the beginning of a word or syllable. In
all words in the Osage language the most important item to be con-
sidered is the accent; attention is called to the medial letters k, p, and ¢
which have a different sound than the plain letters in the English. A
study of the phonetic key which follows will be of great assistance.

Acknowledgment is here made of the courtesy of Chief Fred Look-
out and his wife, who were very helpful; also of former Chief Bacon
Rind and others, of Pawhuska, Okla., who gave me many facts that
otherwise could not have been given in this book. While a guest in
Oklahoma I found everyone willing to give the information that has
made it possible for me to perform the task of writing this volume. I
wish also to acknowledge to Grace D. Woodburn my appreciation for
her untiring efforts in carefully and accurately continuing my work,
without whose assistance this dictionary could not have been com-
pleted.

Few abbreviations have been recorded; those that have been used
are self-explanatory. However, itis a simple matter to refer to them:
Om. same, Omaha same; f, feminine; m, masculine.

All references for details will be found in the Thirty-sixth, Thirty-
ninth, Forty-third, and Forty-fifth Annual Reports of the Bureau of
American Ethnology.

PuHoneEtTic Kry

Bie ergs as in father.
eee as in bad.

(eae as in thin.

GEO 1 as in dog

ebeieiys as in prey.

PO bee = exploded e.

(ASS as in go

eae as in he.

Vege as in pierce.

i) ORES Sipe exploded i.

LY os aa nasalized i.
a 3 nasalized exploded i.
| oars as in kin.

| Fetes a medial k (between k and g).
mos oo as in man

mean o as in no.

Pre nasalized n,

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 3

| a ee the sound of the initial letter is expelled from the nostrils and is scarcely
audible.
One se oe as in note.
os ae exploded o,
(oe nasalized o,
pees 3 as in pipe.
lee a medial p (between p and b).
Bie as in sit.
Bens bo as in shun.
jie eee as in ten.
se medial t (between t and d).
1 These as in then.
| ae as in rule.
BAR te exploded u.
Wee as in wet.
= alee ea rough German ch.
A a ag as in azure.

OSAGE-ENGLISH

a, an interrogation sign, used at the
end of a sentence.
she the be a(?) who is that going?
a, arm; that part of the shoulder to and
including the hand.
a, they said.
a, on.
ka’-wa to” a-a-gthi", I rode on a horse.
a’-gthi" tho” a-a-gthi®, I sat on a chair.
pa-he’tho® a-a-gthi", I sat on a hill.
a’-ba, they are (moving); he or they
(moving).
a’-ba-go"-dse, to lace up (as a shoe).
a’-pa-co®-dse, I laced up (a shoe).
a’-shpa-co"-dse, you laced up (a
shoe).
o™-ga-ba-co"-dsa i, we laced up (a
shoe).
a’-ba-co"-dse (Om. same), to push one
against a tree or a door.
zho" a’-pa-co"-dse, I pushed him
against the tree.
zho" a/-shpa-co"-dse,
him against the tree.
a’-ba-cta (Om. same), to patch.
a’-pa-cta, I patch.
a’-shpa-cta, you patch.
o™-ga-ba-cta i, we patch.
a’-ba-gu (Om. same), to indicate, to
point at; (2) to select. (See
a’-tha-dse.)
a’-pa-cu, I select.
a’-shpa-cu, you select.
o”’-ga-ba-cu i, we select.
zho”’-tse a’-pa-cu, I point at the tree.
zho*’-tse a’shpa-cu, you point at the
tree.
zho”’-tse 0o®-ga-ba-cu i, we point at
the tree.
a’-ba-do, a small hill.
a’-ba-do®*, to freshen a fire by putting
on wood.
a’-pa-do®, I freshened the fire.
a’-shpa-do®, you freshened the fire.
o*’-ga-ba-do", we freshened the fire.

you pushed

A

a’-ba-dsu-ge, bent downward.
a’-ba-du, a knoll or hillock.
a’-ba-gtha (Om. same), backward;
bashful; diffident; shy.
a’-pa-gtha, I am shy.
a’-shpa-gtha, you are shy.
o”’-ga-ba-gtha i, we are shy.
wi ti-mi a-a-gi-pa-gtha, I feel bashful
toward my aunt.
a’-ba-ha gi-hi, rifle, with yellow or
brass sight.
a’-ba-k’u, to cover anything by the
use of a spade.
a’-pa-k’u, I covered it with a spade.
a’-shpa-k’u, you covered it with a
spade.
o”’-ga-ba-k’u i, we covered it with a
spade.
a’-ba-ku, the part of a man’s back
between the shoulders.
a’-ba-ku-t’o-xa, humpback.
a’-ba-shda, to cut the hair.
a’-pa-shda, I cut my hair.
a’-shpa-shda, you cut your hair.
o®-ga’-ba-shda i, we cut our hair.
a’-ba-sho"-tha, trickled down. An
expression used in rituals, as
“the blood trickled down from his
mouth.”
a’-ba-ta, a fence; a stockade.
a’-ba-ta- a-ga-ha a-a-zhu i" da, I put
them on the fence.
a’-ba-ta a-ga-ha a-tha-zhu i® da, you
put them on the fence.
a’-ba-ta a-ga-ha 0®-ga-zhu i da i, we
put them on the fence.
a’-ba-ta a’-u-wi-ci, to jump over a
fence.
a’-ba-ta a’-a-o®-ci, I jump over the
fence.
a’-ba-ta a’-tha-o®-ci, you jump over
the fence.
a‘ba-ta o*’-ga-o"-ci i, we jump over
the fence.
5

6 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

a’-ba-ta ga-ta-tha, to break a fence.
a’-ba-ta a-ta-the, I broke down the
the fence.
a’-ba-ta tha-ta-the, you broke down
the fence.
a’-ba-ta o®-ga-ta-tha i,
down the fence.
a’-ba t’o-xa, my stooping shoulders.
(From a ritual.)
a’-ba-tsi-zhe, to act in desperation
regardless of consequences.
a’-pa-tsi-zhe, I acted in desperation.
a’-shpa-tsi-zhe, you acted in despera-
tion.
o*-ga-ba-tsi-zha i,
desperation.
a’-ba-t’u, to prevent one from moving
by holding one back.

we broke

we acted in

a’-pa-t’u, I prevented him from
moving.

a’-shpa-t?u, you prevented him from
moving.

o*-ga-ba-t’u i, we prevented him from
moving.

the go*-tha tho®-zha a’-pa-t’u, he
wished to go but I held him back.
the go®-tha tho®-zha a-spha-t’u, he
wished to go but you held him
back.
a’-ba t’u-xa, the bending or the
stooping shoulders.
a’-ba-xu, door latch.
a’-be (Om. same), foliage; leaves; leaf.
a’-be ge da-ts’e-ga, the leaves are

withered.
a’-be-to", to wind as a lariat around

the tree.
a’-pe-to®, I wind the lariat around

the tree.
a’shpe-to", you wind the lariat

around the tree.
o”’-ga-be-to" i, we wound the lariat
around the tree.
A’-be-zhi"-ga, Slender-leaf. Personal
name. Refers to the cattail.
a’-bi-ce, to become dry.
a’-bi-¢o"-dse, to press to the ground.
a’-pi-co"-dse, I pressed it to the
ground.
a’-shpi-co"-dse, you pressed it to the
ground.
o*’-ga-ba ¢o®-dsa i, we pressed it to
the ground.

[BULL. 109

a’ bi= da, it has been said. An expres-
sion used in rituals.

a’ bi" do, they say or have said.

a’-bi’-no®-tha, to obliterate or wipe
out.

a’-pi-no®-tha, I wiped it out.
a’-shpi-no®-tha, you wiped it out.
o”’-ga-bi no®-tha i, we wiped it out.
a’-bi, spoken of as. This expression is
found in the sayings of the wi-gi-e
or ritual.

a bi a, they have said. A term used
when reciting a ritual by the
Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens.

a’-bi-ta (Om. same), to touch with the
flat (palm) of the hand.

a’-pi-ta, I touched it with the flat of
my hand.

a’-shpa-ta, you touched it with the
flat of your hand.

o’-ga-bi-ta i, we touched it with the
flat of our hands.

a-biu’-ge, to check the flow of blood;
to stanch.

a’-bi-xe (Om. same), the boiling of
water.

a’-bo-u, they said.

a’-btho, shoulder or shoulder blade;
upper arm.

a’-bthu-tse, I violated the law.

a’-bthu-zhi"-ga, little wing; shoulder
blade.

a’-bu-zha-zha-ta, to fly about in
forked lines.

a-ci™’-ga, same as ¢i’-ge.

a-civ-ga a-ka i2-dse gthu-zha bi a,
little sister washed her face.

a’-ci" zhi®-ga, special kinship term for
the fourth daughter.

a’-gi-thu-ge, to take footsteps to-
ward.

a’-cku, hair growing on the temples.

a’-da (Om. same), to freeze, as water
on some object.

ni’ te o®-da ha, water freezes on me.
ni’-te a-thi-da ha, water freezes on
you.
ni te wa’ dai, water froze on us.
a’-da-ca-gi kshe, crust; bread crust.
a’-da-ga-xe, to macadamize a road.
a’-da-pa-xe, I macadamized the
road.

LA FLBSCHE]

a’-da-ga-xe—continued.
a’-da-shpa-xe, you macadamized the
road.
a’ -da-o"-ga-xa i, we macadamized the
road.
a’-da ga-xe u-zho"-ge, to cover or
pave a road with broken stone; to
macadamize.
a’-da-pa-xe u-zho®-ge ke, I paved the
road.
a’-da_ shka-xe u-zho®-ge_ ke,
paved the road.
a’-da o®-ga-xa i u-zho"-ge ke, we
paved the road.
a’-da-ka-dse, to be hot from the heat
of a fire or from the sun’s rays.
o*’-da-ka-dse, I am hot from the fire.
da’-thi-ka-dse, you are hot from the

you

fire.
da’-wa-ka-dsa i, we are hot from the

fire.
a’-da-ko® (Om. a-na-ko"), a light;

artificial light.
a’-da-ko"-gthe—a, on or upon (i. e.,
the surroundings); da-ko*, light;
gthe, placed upright or in a stand-
ing position: a lamp or candle.
a’-da-ko"-the, a lantern.
a’-da-ko® we-gthi"—a-da-ko", light
thrown upon the surroundings;
we-gthi", grease: kerosene oil; pe-
troleum.
a’-da-ko® we-gthi ni-hni, oil well.
a’-do®-ko® we-gthi® ni-hni wi? mo?-
zho® tho®-di a-bthi" ha, an oil well
is on my land.
a’-da-ts’e-ga, to wither in the flesh,
as by the heat of the sun; to wilt.
a’-da-xi-dse, the glare of the sun; a
strong sun light.
i=-shta’ wi-ta a’-da-xi-dse o*-ni-e ha,
the glare of the sun hurts my eyes.
a’-da-xthi® (Om. a-xthi"), fire blister
for curative purposes.
a’-do®-be, to escort.
a’-to®-be, I escorted him.
a’-shto®-be, you escorted him.
o®-ga-do®-ba i, we escorted him.
a’-do-do®, incursion.
a’-do*, because; for that reason.
a’-do"-ba zhi, unconcerned;
chalant.
a’-to™-ba mo®-zhi, I am unconcerned.

non-

OSAGE DICTIONARY 7

a’-do®-ba zhi—continued.
a’-shto®-ba a-zhi, you are uncon-
cerned.
o®-ga-do"-ba ba-zhi i, we are uncon-
cerned.
a’-do®-be, to watch over with care; to
guard; to aim carefully.
sho™’-ge a-ka tsi tse a-do™-be i ha,
the dog guards the house.
a’-dse, to embrace; to clasp in the
arms with affection; to climb a
tree.
a’-a-dse, I clasped in my arms.
a’-tha-dse, you clasped in your arms.
o®-ga-dsa i, we clasped in our arms.
a’-dse-the, to build a fire on some
place or object.
a’-a-dse-the, I built a fire on (a
stone).
a’-tha-dse-the, you built a fire on (a
stone).
o-ga’-dse-tha i, we built a fire on (a
stone).
a’-dsu-ta, the limbs of an animal or
man.
a’-ga, to slice meat for drying.
a’-a-ga, I sliced the meat for drying.
a’-tha-ga, you sliced the meat for
drying.
o-ga-ga i, we sliced the meat for
drying.
ta’-do-ka tho" a-a-ga, I cut the meat
into slices.
ta’-do-ka tho" a-tha-ga, you cut the
meat into thin slices.

a’-ga-btha, to open the eyes on
something.

i>-shta’ a-a-ga-btha, I opened my
eyes on it.

in-shta’ a-tha-ga-btha, you opened
your eyes on it.
i=-shta’ 0®-ga-ga-btha i, we opened
our eyes on it.
a’-ga-ca-thu, sounding the rattle.
a’-ga-ci-ge, to sprinkle water with the
fingers.
a’-a-ga-ci-ge, I sprinkled water.
a’-tha-ga-ci-ge, you sprinkled water.
o™’-ga-ga-ci-ga i, we sprinkled water.
a’-ga-co"-dse, to shingle the roof of a
house.
a’-a-ga-co™-dse, I shingled the roof.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

a’-ga-co"-dse—continued.

a’-tha-ga-co"-dse, you shingled the
roof.

o®-ga-ga-co"-dsa i ha, we shingled the
roof.

a’-ga-cpe, the falling of something
heavy on a person or thing.

zho® o®-ga-cpe, a tree fell on me.

zho® a-thi-ga-cpe a, did a tree fall on
you?

zho® wa-ga-cpa i, a tree fell on us.

a’-ga-gpe, to cover up an object.

a’-a-ga-cpe, I cover up an object.

a‘tha-ga-gpe, you cover up an
object.

o*-ga-ga-cpa i, we cover up an
object.

a’-ga-cgpe gthu-ge, extricate.

a’-ga-cpe a-gthu-ce, I extricated.

a’-ga-cpe tha-gthu-ce, you extricated.

a’-ga-cpe o®-gthu-¢a i, we extricated.

a’-ga-cta, to stack; to close.

a’-a-ga-cta, I stack.

a‘-tha-ga-cta, you stack.

o-ga’-ga-cta 1, we stack.

a’-ga-gto" (Om. same), to shave the
hair from a deer or an elk skin.

a’-a-ga-cto", I shaved the hair from
the elk skin.

a’-tha-ga-cto"®, you shaved the hair
from the elk skin.

o”’-ga-ga-cto® i, we shaved the hair
from the elk skin.

a’-ga-cto", to trim the web of the
feathers of an arrow to make it
strike accurately.

a’-a-ga-cto", I trimmed the web of
the feathers.

a’-tha-ga-cto", you trimmed the web
of the feathers.

o®-ga’-ga-cto" i, we trimmed the web
of the feathers.

a’-ga-gu, to examine; to inspect; to
probe; to inquire into; to test by
questions.

a’-a-ga-cu, I inspected it.

a’-tha-ga-cu, you inspected it.

o’-ga-ga-cu i, we inspected it.

[BULL. 109

a’-ga-ha (Om. same), on top of, or on

the outside.

tsi tse a-ga-ha ta a-no® zhi, I am
outside of the house.

tsi tse a-ga-ha ta tho®-no® zhi, you
are outside of the house.

a’-ga-ha kshe, the exterior.
a’ -ga-ha-mi—a-ga-ha,

over; mi,
blanket or robe: a coat; a long
cape; a mantle.

a’-ga-ha-mi u-pa ho®, I wear a coat.

a’-ga-ha-mi u-shpa ho", you wear a
coat.

a’-ga-ha-mi 0®-gu’-ba ho" i, we wear
coats.

a’-ga-ha mi a-gi-pi thi®-ge xtsi mo®
ha, my coat is threadbare.

a’-ga-ha-pa, vest.

a’-ga-ha-pa a-gi o™-btha a-tsi mi®-
kshe o, I left my vest home.

a’ -ga-ha-ta, on the outskirts.
a’-ga-ha-ta gthe kshi-the, exile; to

expel.

a’-ga-ha-ta mo®-thi"—a-ga-ha-ta, on

the outskirts; mo®-thi", a recluse.

a’-ga-hi-tha, the blowing of dust,

sand, or chaff upon a person or
thing.

a’-ga-k’u, to hoe the earth over some

object.
a’-a-ga-k’u, I hoe the earth.
a’-tha-ga-k’u, you hoe the earth.
o”’-ga-ga-k’u i, we hoe the earth.

a’-ga-shke, to tie a knot; to tie a scalp

lock on a pole.
a’-a-ga-shke, I tie a knot.
a’-tha-ga-shke, you tie a knot.
o’-ga-ga-shka i, we tied a knot.

a’-ga-stse-dse, overhanging.
a’-ga-ta (Om. same), to aim at some

object with a gun.
a’-a-ga-ta, I aim at it.
a’-tha-ga-ta, you aim at it.
o”’-ga-ga-ta i, we aim at it.

a’-ga-ts’e, to drop water on some

object.
a’-a-ga-ts’e, I drop water.
a’-tha-ga-ts’e, you drop water.

a’-ga-cu, inquisition.

a’-ga-gu wa-to®-ga, the justice; the
judge. One who inquires into.

a’-ga-ha, upon the brow of. Term
used in ritual.

o”’-ga-ga-ts’a i, we drop water.
a’-ga-xa-dse, to cover up something.
a’-a-ga-xa-dse, I cover it up.
a’-tha-ga-xa-dse, you cover it up.
o”’-ga-ga-xa-dsa i, we cover it up.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 9

a’-ga-xthe a-ta, toward the wind.
a’-ga-xthe bthe a-tho, I went with
the wind.
a’-ga-xthe, away from the wind; lee
side.
a’-ga-xthe pa-gthe, to lie with the
head toward the wind.
a’-ga-xthe u-ga-xthe, following the
wind.
a’-ga-xto®, to shed tears.
a’-a-ga-xto", I shed tears.
a’-tha-ga-xto", you shed tears.
o®-ga’-ga-xto" i, we shed tears.
a’-ga-zhi (Om. same), to dictate, com-
mand, or order.
a‘-a-ga-zhi, I commanded him.
a’-tha-ga-zhi, you commanded him.
o”’-ga-ga-zhi i, we commanded him.
a’-ga-zho®, fetlock of a horse.
A’-ga-zho", Bushy. Personal name.
Refers to the bushy hair on the
front legs of the buffalo bull.
a-gi, returned.
a’-gi-do"-be, watches over whatever
is his own.
a-gi -gtha-she, to deliver or rescue.
a-gi'-gthi, to come home after some-
thing.
a-pi -a-gthi, I came home after some-
thing.
a-shki’-tha-gthi, you came home after
something.
o®-ga‘-gi o"-ga-gthi i, we came home
after something.
a-gi’-hi, he has been after something.
a’-gi-no"-zhi®, to succor; to give help
or aid when one is in distress.
a’-a-gi-no®-zhi", I stood by him.
a’-tha-gi-no®-zhi", you stood by him.
o”’-ga-gi-no®-zhi® i, we stood by him.
a’-gi-o, to fly on or over, as the crow
flies over that upon which it
wishes to feed.
ka-xe a’-gi-o" i, the crow flies over.
a’-gi-pa-mo"-gthe, with heads bowed
over the people.
a’-gi-shka-de, to play; gambol upon
his own property.
a-gi’-the, to go after something.
a’-gi-thi-ta, cross their tracks.
a’-gi-xe, all around a place.
a’-gtha, to impute; to accuse.
a’-a-gtha ha, I accuse him.
a’-tha-gtha ha, you accuse him.
o”’-ga-gtha i, we accuse him.

a’-gtha-ge, revulsion; a sudden with-

drawal.

a-gtha’-ge mo”-thi" o, go after the

thing that belongs to you.
a-gtha’-ge pshi a tho, I have been
after it or them.
a’-gtha-ge a-tsi a-tho, he has come
after that which belongs to him.

a’-gtha-ge thi"-ge, robust; (2) noth-

ing to complain about.
a’-a-gtha-ge thi-ge, I have nothing
to complain about.
a-tha’-gtha-ge thi"-ge, you have
nothing to complain about.
o®-ga-gtha-ge thi.-ga i, we have
nothing to complain about.

a’-gtha-ha (Om. same), to wear one’s

own clothing.
a’-a-gtha-ha, I wear my own.
a’-tha-gtha-ha, you wear your own.
o*’-ga-gtha-ha i, we wear our own.

a’-gtha-no®, he is accused of wrong-

doing.

a-gtha’-thi (On. same), to have or

keep one’s own.
a-gtha’-bthi2 I have my own.
a-tha’-gtha-ni, you have your own.
o®-ga-gtha thi" i, we have our own.

a-gtha’-thi2 (Om. same), to inherit;

inheritance.

mo*’-ce ¢ka a-gtha-bthi*, I inherited
money.

mo*’-cge ¢ka a-gtha-ni, you inherited
money.

mo*’-ce cka te o®-ga’-gtha-thi® i, we
inherited money.

a’-gthe, to place on top of another in

an upright position.
a’-a-gthe, I placed on top.
a’-tha-gthe, you placed on top.
o®-ga’-gtha i, we placed on top.

a-gthi’, returning. This expression is

found frequently when referring to
the return of one who has been
searching for some particular thing.
It is a ritual expression.

A’-gthi-he-the, Returns-to-the-place.

Personalname. Refers to the sym-
bolic hawk returning after the
ceremony.

a’-gthi., to sit upon a cushion, robe, or

chair.
a’-a-gthi", I sit on a cushion.
a’-tha-gthi., you sit on a cushion.
o®-ga-gthi" i, we sit on a cushion.

10

a-gthi-ga-to" (Om. same), fifteen.
a’ -gthi® go"®-go"-tha—a-gthi*, a chair;
co"-co"-tha, swaying motion back
and forth; a-chair-back-and-forth-
swaying-motion: rocking-chair.
a’-gthi da-pa—a-gthi", chair; da-pa,
round, round chair; a stool.
a-gthi” do-ba (Om. same), fourteen.
sho*’-ge a-gthi® do-ba wa-bthi., I
have fourteen dogs.
ka-wa a-gthi" do-ba wa-ni, you have
fourteen horses.
a’ -gthi®-gi-wa-to"-ga, chairman. To
preside.
a’-gthi®-gi-wa-to"-ga bthe, I preside.
a‘-gthi®-gi-wa-to®-ga ni, you preside,
a-gthi" gthe-btho® tse wi® thi"-ge—
a-gthi, plus ten; gthe-btho®, ten;
tse, of; wi", one; thi2-ge, less, ten-
less-of-one-plus-ten: nineteen.
a’-gthi" ha, excellent; excess.
a’-gthi® ha, to exceed; to excel.
a’-a-gthi® ha, I excel.
a’-tha-gthi® ha, you excel.
wo®-ga’-gthi® ha i, we excel.
a-gthi® ha wa-ni-zhiu bi a, we hada
superabundance of rain.
a-gthi™ ki-e do-ba, eighteen.
a-gthi’ no*"-zhi*, he returned and

paused. (From a ritual.)
a-gthi” pe-tho"-ba (Om. same),
seventeen.

a-gthi"’ sha-pe (Om. same), sixteen.

a-gthi” stse-dse—a-gthi", a chair;
stse-dse, long: long chair—a settee.

a-gthi»’-tha-bthi2 (Om. same), thir-

teen.

ka’-wa a-gthi® tha-bthi*, thirteen
horses.

giu’-ka zhi®-ga a-gthi® tha-bthi,

thirteen chickens.
a-gthi" tho*-ba, two sixes; twelve; a
dozen.
giu’-ka zhi®-ga a-gthi® tho®-ba wa-
ko®-btha, I want twelve chickens.
giu’-ka zhi®-ga a-gthi® tho™-ba wa-
shko®-sda, you want twelve chick-
ens.
a-gthi™-tho®-ba ki-¢to—a-gthi»-th-
o®-ba, twelve men; ki-¢to, a coun-
cil: a council of twelve men—a jury.
a-gthi®’-wi®-xtsi (Om. a-gthi*-wi),
eleven.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

a’-gtho™ (Om. same), to place one
thing upon another.
a’-a-gtho®, I placed it upon another.
a’-tha-gtho®, you placed it upon
another.
o»-ga‘-gtho" i, we placed it upon
another.
a’-gtho®-thi*, to forget; failure to
remember; unable to recall some-
thing that is past.
a’-a-gtho®-bthi®, I failed to remember,
a‘-tha-gtho®-ni, you failed to re-
member.
o®-ga’-gtho" thi* i, we forgot.
a’-gthu-gta, to bandage one’s own
leg.
a’-a-gthu-¢ta, I bandaged my own
leg.
a’-tha-gthu-cta, you bandaged your
own leg.
o”’-ga-gthu-gta i, we bandaged our
own legs.
a’-gu-di (Om. same), where.
a-hi’, he has been to.
a-hi-a’bo, coming; he is coming; they
are coming.
a-hi-de’, arm, from the middle to the
shoulder joint.
a-hi’-gthi, having arrived there I sit.
A ritual expression.
a’-hi", (Om. same), wings.
a hi" a, interrogative particle.
a’-hi-no®-zhi, he stood on _ the
summit.
a’-hi® u-ga’-gi (Om. same), the hard
part of a wing.
A’-hi®"-u-ha-zhi-hi, Red-fore-legs.
Personal name. Refers to the
reddish brown of the buffalo’s legs.
A-hi®-u-k’u-dse, Holes-in-the-wings.
A personal name. Refers to the
spaces in the wings of an eagle.
a’-hiu mo®*-thi*, wings walking; the
turkey cock.
a’-hiu-ta-ta, the sacred eagle. A
symbol of the Ho»’-ga a-hiu-to®
gens.
a’-hiu, wings. This expression is also
found in a ritual.

A’-hiu-gka, White-wings. Personal
name,
A’-hiu-do-ba, Four-wings. Female

personal name.

LA FLESCHE]

a’-hiu-ha, their arms. A ritual term.

a’-hiu-he, alighted upon.

a’-hiu-to", who possesses wings. A
ritual term.

A’-hiu-zhi®-ga, Little-wings. Person-
al name.

a’-ho"-ba, daylight came while they
were yet at the same place where
they had halted.

a’-ho-pshe, contrary; stubborn; ob-
stinate.

a-ho’-pshe wa-gthi" bi a, he is very
stubborn.

a’-hu-shi-ge, compulsion; to force one
to yield.

a‘-a-hu-shi-ge ha, I compelled him.

a’-tha-hu-shi-ge ha, you forced him
to yield.

o”-ga-hu-shi-ga i, we forced him to
yield.

a’-i-the, to discuss.

i-a’-the, I discuss.
i’-tha-the, you discuss.
i’-o”’-tha i, we discuss.

a’-i-tsi", to strike with the arm.

a-i-tha’-tsi" ha, I struck him with my
arm.

a-i’-tha-tsi® ha, you struck him with
your arm.

a-ka’, is.

a’-k’a, the south wind.

A’-k’a, South-wind. Personal name.
Refers to a life symbol.

a’k’a-dsi, archaic name for south.

A’-k’a-hiu-e, Wind-is-from-the-south.

a-ka i da, he is.

A’-k’a-mi-tse-xi, South-wind-Mi-na-
the-favorite. The term Mi-na is
given to the first daughter.

A’-k’a-wi", South-wind-woman.
male personal name.

a’-kia-gta, in a pile.

zho -tse a-kia-cta pa-xe, I piled the
wood.

zho” tse a-kia-cta shka-xe, you piled
the wood.

zho”’-tse a-kia-¢ta o"-ga-xa i, we piled
the wood.

a-kia’-sha, equal in numbers.

a’-ki-da, officer or soldier; grenadier;
policeman.

a’ki’-da a-ba ba-dse btha-cka wi"
ga-xa bi a, the soldiers made a
pontoon.

67025—32——2

Fe-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

11

a’-ki-da a-ba zho*’-zhe-ga-u-gthe
wi" a-thi" bi a, the soldier has a
wooden leg.
a’-ki-da do-do®-ho"-ga,
officer of rank.
A’-ki-da-ga-hi-ge, | Chief-protector.
Personal name. Refers to the one
who protects the chiefs.
a’-ki-da ga-hi-ge, captain. Also used
as a personal name by the Osage
and Omaha tribes.
a’-ki-da mo*-hi=—a-ki-da,
mo®-hi®, knife: a sword.
a’-ki-da to®-wo®, a fort, fortification.
a’-ki-da-tsi, officer’s house.
a’-ki-da u-k’o®, to drill; to engage in
military exercises.
a-‘ki-da u-no"-zhi tse-ga—a-ki-da,
soldier; u-no®-zhi, standing in;
tse-ga, recent: a recent-soldier-
standing-in; a recruit.
a’-ki-da wa-gi-shi-be—a-ki-da, sol-
diers; wa-gi-shi-be, payment of or
to; payment-of-or-to-soldiers: pen-
sion.
a’-ki-da wa-to"-ga—a-ki-da, guards,
soldiers; wa-to®-ga, great ones or
principals: officers.
a’-ki-da wa-to"-ga, an officer of high
rank, a general.
a’-ki-da zhi*-ga, a private (soldier).
A’-ki-da-zhi*-ga, Little soldier. Per-
sonal name.
a’-ki-dsi-ge, sweep aside in masses.
a-ki’-e tha-ha, when I get home.
a-ki’-gtha-thi., to keep for them-
selves.
a-ki’-gthi*, returns to his own seat.
a’-ki-gthi* (Om. same), to sit upon one
another.
a’ki-gthi2-gthis, sitting on one an-
other.
a’-ki-gtho", to place one round object
on top of another round object.
a’-ki-hi-de, to care for, as to care for a
child; to attend to.
a’-a-ki-hi-de, I attended the child.
a’-tha-ki-hi-de, you attended the
child.
o*’-ga-ki-hi-da i, we attended the
child.
a’-ki-ho®, to go beyond a certain place.
a’-ki-ho" bthe ha, I went beyond the
place.

an army

soldier;

12 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL, 109

a’-ki-ho"—continued. a’-ki-tha-zha-ta, make way for them.
a’-ki-ho® stse ha, you went beyond | a’-ki-the, I cause myself to. A ritual
the place. term.
a’-ki-ho® 0®-ga hi i, we went beyond | a’-ki-thi-gta, double; to double a
the place. shawl or a blanket.

ha-xi® a’-ki-thi-¢ta pa-xe, I doubled
a blanket.

ha-xi® a/’-ki-thi-¢ta
doubled a blanket.

ha-xi® a‘-ki-thi-gta o*-ga-xai, we
doubled the blanket.

a’-ki-thi-tse, that which lies across;

the breast.

a’-ki-ho" xo-ka, one chosen who is
competent to properly conduct a
ceremony; a substitute.
a’-ki-ho® the tse, a deeper abyss.
a’-ki-k’e, to swarm, as a large crowd.
a’-ki-ki-gthe, to join poles or boards.
a’-a-ki-ki-gthe, I joined two boards.
a’-tha-ki-ki-gthe, you joined two

shka-xe, you

boards. a’-ki-thu-to", opposite.
o”-ga-ki-ki-gtha i, we joined two | a’-ki-to"-be (Om. same), discreet; to
boards. guard one’s self against trouble.

a’-ki-ki-pa, to meet together; to meet (See no®’-xe ga-ci.)

one another.
u-xtha-be ke-dse o"-ga-ki-ki-pa i ha,
we met in the forest.
wa -a-ki-ki-pa, I met with them.
wa -tha-ki-ki-pa, you met with them.
a’-ki-ko", leaning against each other.
a’-ki-no"-zhi", to protect.
a’-a-no®-zhi"® ha, I protect.
a’-tha-no®-zhi", you protect.
0®-ga‘-gi-no™-zhi® i, we protect.

a-ki’-xo-be,

a’-a-ki-to"-be, I am discreet.
a’-tha-ki-to"-be, you are discreet.
o»’-ga-ki-to®-ba i, we are discreet.

a’-ki-wi-gi-gi, the little animals that

leap upon one another when at

play. (From a ritual.)

to have respect. for
another.

a’-a-xo-be ha, I have respect for
him.

a’-ki-o"-the u-mo"-ka, spread easily; a’-tha-xo-be ha, you have respect for
infectious. him.
a’-ki-pa (Om. same), to meet another. o»’-ga-xo-ba i, we have respect for
a’-a-ki-pa, I met him. him.
a’-tha-ki-pa, you met him. a’-ki-zhi, one piece of tree piled on
o”’-ga-ki-pa i, we met him. another.
a’-ki-pa-mo®-gthe, to lie with head | a’-ki-zhi*, self-esteem.
to head. a’-ko-i-pshe, to have misgivings.
a’-ki-pa-ts’u, the blocking of a nar- a’-a’ko-i-pshe, I had misgivings.
row passage by men or animals. a’-tha-ko-i-pshe, you had misgivings.
a’-ki-pe-to", tangled up in a rope, asa o*’-ga-ko-i-psha i, we had misgivings.
tethered horse. a’-ko" (Om. a’-ko-ta), muscle of the
a’-ki-sho-ga, dense; density; a dense arm.
crowd; a dense forest. a’-ko® 0®-ni-e ha, my muscle is sore.
a’-ki-tha (Om. same), to contend as | a’-ko® bu-gi-gi, a pulsating vein in the

in a fight.
a’-a-ki-btha, I contend.
a’-tha-ki-na, you contend.
o”’-ga-ki-tha i, we contend.

arm.

a’-ko® (Om. same), to lean on a post,

tree, or rock.
a’-a-ko®, I lean on a rock.

a’-ki-tha-gka-be (Om. same), to at-
tach two objects together.

a’-ki-tha-cta, the sticking of one
object to another.

a’-ki-tha tse, defiance; to defy.

a’-ki-tha-zha-ta, the parting of in
forked lines. (From a ritual.)

a’-tha-ko", you lean on a rock.
o”’-ga-ko® i, we lean on a rock.
a’-k’o"-gi-the (Om. same), to falter;
to hesitate.
a’-k’o" a-gi-the, I hesitate.
a’-k’o" tha-gi-the, you hesitate.
a’-k’o" 0-gi-tha i, we hesitate.

LA FLESCHE]

a’-ko"-gthe, to envy.
a’-a-ko®-gthe, I envy.
a’-tha-ko®-gthe, you envy.
o”’-ga-ko"-gtha i, we envy.
a’-ko"-gthe, whippoorwill.
a-k’o"-he, to sign a name on paper.
wa-gthe-ce i-zha-zhe a’-a-k’o" he, I
signed.
wa-gthe-ce i-zha-zhe a’-tha-k’o" he,
you signed.
wa-gthe-ce i-zha-zhe o®-ga-gi-k’o" ha
i, we signed.
a’-ko®-ta, wristband; wrist guard.
a’-ko"® to"-ga, muscle of the arm or
foreleg.
a’-kshe, a sleeve.
a’-kshi"-dse, I struck a blow that
glanced away.
tha’-kshi-dse, you
that glanced away.
o®-ga’-kshi®-dsa i, we struck a blow
that glanced away.
a’-mi-de (Om. same), to creep or
crawl on a log.
zho® ke a’-a-mi-de ha, I crept on the

struck a blow

log.

zho® ke a-tha-mi-de ha, you crawled
on the log.

zho™ ke o*-ga-mi-da i, we crawled
on the log.

a’-mi-xe, a crowd; a great gathering;
a throng; a legion.
a’-mo"-gthe, to plant a pole upright.
a’-mo2-ka-e wa-tha-zhi, intolerable.
a’-mo*-ka-zhi, to become impatient
with another; a nuisance.
a’-mo"-ka-zhi wa-tha, he is a nui-
sance.
a’-a-mo®-ka mo®-zhi, I am impatient
with him.
a’-tha-mo*-ka a-zhi, you are impa-
tient with him.
o®-ga’-mo"-ka_ ba-zhi i,
impatient with him.
a’-mo"-ko® u-zhi, to vaccinate.
a’-mo"®-ko" 02-wo"-zhi bi a, I have
been vaccinated.
a’-mo®-ko® u-thi-zhi bi a, you have
been vaccinated.
a’-mo®-ko"® u-wa-zhi bi a, we have
been vaccinated.
a’-mo®-shi, upstairs.
a’-mo®-shi bthe ha, I went upstairs.4

we are

OSAGE DICTIONARY

13

a’-mo®-shi—continued.
a’-mo*-shi ne ha, you went upstairs.
a’-mo"shi o®-ga tha i ha, we went
upstairs.
a’-mo"-shi-a-ta, above; up there.
a-ni, having in your hands.
a’-ni-do" ga-xe, to make farm lands
wet by artificial means; to irrigate.
a’-ni-do® pa-xe, I irrigated.
a’-ni do" shka-xe, you irrigated.
a ni-do" 0*-ga-xa i, we irrigated.
a-nika-shi-ga, I am a person having

that power. An expression from a
ritual.

a’-no®-ge, to surround; to cut off a
retreat.

a’-a-no-ce, I surround.
a’-tha-no®-ce, you surround.
o®’-ga-no®-ca i, we surround.
a’-no"-cgo"-dse, to prevent paper from
blowing away by placing the foot
on it.
a’-no"-ge, to run over a person.
a’-a-no®-ge ha, I ran over him.
a’-tha-no®-ge ha, you ran over him.
o®-ga‘-no®-ga i, we ran over him.
a’-no®-ko-ge, floor; porch.
a’no®-k’o", to cause to be heard by
Wa-ko'da.
a’-no®-k’o" (Om. same), to harken; to
listen to; to obey.

a’-a-no"k’o2, I listen to.

a’-tha-no®-k’o", you listen to.

o”’-ga-no®-k’o" i, we listen to.
a’-no"-k’o® zhi, to disobey.

a’-a-no®-k’o” mo-zhi, I disobey.

a’-tha-no®-k’o" a-zhi, you disobey.

o®-no®-ko® ba-zhi i, we disobey.

a’-no®-k’u (Om. same), to cover a
thing with dirt by use of the foot.

a’-a-no®-k’u, I covered it.
a’-tha-no®-k’u, you covered it.
o"ga’-no®-k’u i, we covered it.

a’ -no"-ku-ge—a, upon; no®, action of
the feet; ku-ge, thud—thud-upon-
by-action-of-the-feet: a porch.

a’-no®-ku-ge tha-gthi2 wi? a-bthi", I
have a nice porch.
a’-no®-ku-ge gtho®-the wi" a-ni, you
have a nice porch.
a’-no"-stsu-dse, to kick off moccasins
on some object.

14

a’-no®-ta-xi—a, on which to; no?,
action of the feet; ta-xi, clattering
noise: shoes.
a’-no®-ta-xi wi-ta a-ka ga-be bi a, my
shoes are black.
a’-no®-tha (Om. same),
shadow; to obscure.
mi a-ka mo®-xpi a-no®-tha bi a, the
sun is obscured by a cloud.
a’-no®-xthe (Om. same), to hide some-
thing; to secrete; to conceal.
a’-a-no®-xthe, I concealed it.
a’-tha-no®-xthe, you concealed it.
o’-ga-no™-xtha i, we concealed it.

to over-

a’-no®-zhi", to stand on.
a’-a-no®-zhi", I stand on something.
a’-tha no®-zhi", you stand on some-
thing.
o-ga no®-zhi® i, we
something.
a’-no®-zhi" (Om. same) to rain on.
o®-no" -zhi®, it rained on me.
a-thi’-no®-zhi", it rained on you.

stand on

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

a’-po-ki, I struck with a noise.

a’ -shi-be,

[BULL. 109

a’-pe, to invite one to go on a journey,

or on a fishing trip; to persuade.
a’-a-pe, I invited him to go fishing.
a’-tha-pe, you invited him to go
fishing.
o*-ga-pa i, we invited him to go
fishing.

a’-po-ga, downward; the descent of

the sun.
mi a’-po-ga do", when the sun takes
its downward course.
Used

in a ritual.

a’-pshe, to walk on, or to go from

house to house.
a’-pshe bthe ha, I go.
a’-pshe ne ha, you go.
a’-pshe o"-ga tha i, we go.
evade or overcome. I
evade all difficulties. A _ ritual
term.

a’-shi-mo®-ko"® (Om. same), to kneel

on something.
a’-a-shi-mo®-ko, I kneel on some-

wa’-no*-zhi® i, it rained on us. thing.
a-no”’-zhi"® a-to" hi o, I stand up. a’-tha-shi-mo®-ko®, you kneel on
a’-no"-zhi"-gthe—a, on which to; something.
no®-zhi®, stand; gthe, a thing o®-ga’-shi-mo®-ko"® i, we kneel on
placed in an upright position— something.

a’-shi-o®-tha, to oust; to eject; to be
put out of one’s own house.
a’-shi-o®-btha, I ousted him.
a’-shi-o®-shta, you ousted him.
a’-shi-o®-0®-tha i, we ousted him.
a’-shi-ta, outside.
a’-shi the (Om. same), exit; to go out,
a’-shi bthe a tha, I am going out.
a’-shi ne a tha, you are going out.
a’-shi o®-ga tha i a-tha, we are going
out.
a’-shka (Om. same), near; close by;
short distance.
a’-shka xtsi mo®-bthi, I walked a
short distance.
a’-shka xtsi mo®-ni ha, you walked a
short distance.
a’-shka xtsi o®-mo®-thi™ i, we
walked a short distance.

thing-placed-in-an-u pright-posi-
tion-on-which-to-stand: stairs.
a’-no®-zhi"-gthe tse o"-wo®-xpa-the,

I fell down the stairs.

a’-no®-zhi®-zho®, I took the Rite of
Vigil. This is a ceremonial occa-
sion, and lasts from six to seven
days, during which time the person
seeks quiet and solitude. He
fasts and cries to Wa-ko2-da, and
waits for a sign of approval from
the Supernatural. (For fuller ac-
count see pp. 69 and 70, 36th Ann.
Rept. B. A. E; also No®-zhi"-zho2,
same volume.)

a-pa’, they are.

a’-pa-bo, a slope

a’-pa-ce, to remain in camp for two or

ets days. a’-ta, beyond.
a’-pa-k’e, to cut meat close to the | g’-ta-gthe, to place a small object on a
bone. saddle.

A-pa’-tsi, Apache.
a’-pa-xthu-dse, to flesh the hide.

a’-a-ta-gthe, I placed a small object
on a saddle.

LA FLESCHE]

a’-ta-gthe—continued.
a’-tha-ta-gthe, you placed a small
object on a saddle.
o”’-ga-ta-gtha i, we placed a small
object on a saddle.
a’-ta-kshi", to stumble; to stub the
toe.
a’-a-ta-kshi", I stubbed my toe.
a’-tha-ta-kshi", you stubbed your toe.
o”-ga-ta-kshi® i, we stubbed our
toes.
a’-tha, indeed; truly.
a’-tha-’a-be, the side of a hill; a steep
incline.
a-tha’ bi e-cko", perhaps he has gone.
a’-tha-co"-dse (Om. same), to hold
an object firmly with the teeth; to
close the teeth tightly.
a’-tha-cta, to stick together as two
pieces of wood are stuck with
glue.
a’-tha-cta-no"-zhi®, to stand close to
a trunk of a tree.
a’-tha-de, to recite.
a’-btha-de, I recite.
a’-na-de, you recite.
o*’-ga-tha-da i, we recite.
a’-tha-dse, to make a motion; motion
to adjourn.
ba’-no®-the a-btha-dse, I move to
adjourn.
ba’-no®-the a-shta-dse, you move to
adjourn.
ba’-no®-the o®-ga-tha-dsa i, we move
to adjourn.
a’-tha-dse, to nominate; to make a
motion.
a’-btha-dse, I nominate.
a’-na-dse, you nominate.
o’-ga-tha-dsa i, we nominate.
a’-tha-ge, to feather arrow shafts.
mo®-a-btha-ge, I feathered the arrow
shafts.
mo*-a’-shda-ge, you feathered the
arrow shafts.
mo®-o2-ga-tha-ga i, we feathered the
arrow shafts.
a’-tha-ha (Om. same), to stick to one
as does mud.
o”-tha-ha, mud sticks to me.
a’-thi-tha-ha, mud sticks to you.
a’-tha-ha thi-ge, entirely naked;
nude.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

15

a’-tha-k’a be (Om. same), slope of a
hill.
a’-tha-xi", has shrunken.
a’-tha-xi", the receding waters in a
flood; (2) to subside.
a’-thi-’a, to drop medicine into water.
a’-thi-btha, to spread oilcloth.
a’-bthi-btha, I spread oilcloth.
a’-ni-btha, you spread oilcloth.
o*’-ga-thi-btha i, we spread oilcloth.
a’-thi-cgo"-dse, to clasp one’s legs
around a horse when riding bare-
back; (2) to hold firmly between
the hands or fingers; to squeeze.
a-bthi-co™-dse, I squeeze.
a’-ni-go"-dse, you squeeze.
o»’-ga-thi-co2-dsa i, we squeeze.
a’-thi-do", to pull over one, as a
blanket; (2) to shut, as a door.
a’-bthi-do", I pulled it over me.
a’-shni-do®, you pulled it over.
o”’-ga-thi-do® i, we pulled it over.
a’-thi-do® hi e-go"—a-thi-do®, to pull
on; hi, to arrive at; e-go™, like:

sudden.

a’-thi-gi-xe, the bend in a road; a
circle.

a’-thi-ko" zho*—a-thi-ko", lay on

either side; zho", sleep: to recline.
a’-thi-ko® a-zho®, I recline.
a’-thi-ko® tha-zho®, you recline.
a’-thi-ko" 0®-zho® i, we recline.
a’thi-k’u (Om. same), to pull earth
over some object.
a’-bthi-k’u, I pull earth over it.
a’-shni-k’u, you pull earth over it.
o”-ga-thi-k’u i, we pull earth over
it.
a’-thi-ku-sha, a tine in an elk’s horn;
brow antlers.
a’-thi-shto" (Om. same), the stopping
of a fever or a pain.
a-thi” (Om. same), to have.
a-bthi”’, I have.
a-ni’, you have.
o®-ga’-thi" i, we have.
a’-thi2 (Om. same), a ridge or divide.
a’-thi"-bo-ca, on a slant; oblique.
a’-thi"-cki-da, a gap in a ridge.
a’-thi2-da-cge wa-tha zhi, a copper-
head snake. A person bitten by a
copperhead is not able to reach his
home.

16

a-thi» da-ge-wa-the, an adder. It
is commonly believed that a person
bitten by an adder can not reach
the nearest hill toward home, so
deadly is its poison.
a-thi" gi (Om. same), to fetch.
a’-bthi® pi, I fetch.
a’-ni shki, you fetch.
o®-ga’-thi® o®-ga-gi i, we fetch.
a-thi” -gthe (Om. same), to take some-

thing home.

a-bthis-a-gthe, I took something
home.

a-ni’ tha-gthe, you take something
home.

o"-ga’-thi o*-ga-gtha i, we took
something home.

a-thi®-gthi (Om. same), to bring

something home.

a-bthi® a-gthi, I brought something
home.

a-ni’ tha-gthi, you brought something
home.

o®-ga’-thi" o®-ga-gthi i, we brought
something home. :

a-thi™ he no, in my walk of life.

a-thi™he, in my life movements. A
ritual term.

a-thi»-he i» da, in the course of my
life. A ritual term.

a-thi” he no®, I am in the habit of
doing this as I travel in life’s
pathway. (From a ritual.)

a-thi” he o (Om. same), as I go forth.

a-thi” he the (fem. sp.), as I travel
or go forth.

a-thi™ hi (Om. same), to reach a place
with some object.

a-thi™ -hi®-da, I have always.

a’-thi" pa-ci (Om. same), the summit
of a hill.

A-thi® pa-cgi zhu-dse, Red-hill-top.
According to Bacon Rind the
name should be Mo*-ha _ pa-ci
zhu-dse, which means Red Cliffs.
This was the sixteenth camp of the
first trail; (2) this was also the
sixteenth camp of the second
buffalo trail.

a-thi»’-the (Om. same), to take away
an object.

a-bthi»’-bthe, I took it away.

a-ni’ stse, you took it away.

o®-ga’-thi® o®-ga-tha i, we took it
away.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL 109

a’-thi-ta (Om. same), to go across

country; across the bend of a
river; to violate a law.

a’-thi-ta-bthe, I went across country.

a’-thi-ta stse, you went across
country.

a’-thi-ta o®-ga-tha i, we went across
country.

a’-thi-ta, one who violates a taboo.
a’-thi-ta dsi i-e, to interrupt a con-
versation between two people;
(2) to interpolate.
a’-thi-xe (Om. same), the marriage of
a woman.
a’-tho®-cka a(?), of what size is it?
how large?
a’-tho-to", to oppose.
a’-a-ki-tho-to, I oppose.
a’ -tha-ki-tho-to”, you oppose.
o®-ga’-ki-tho-to® i, we oppose.
a’-thu-cta, to bind a leg.
zhe-ga a’ bthu-cta, I bind a leg.
zhe-ga a’-ni-cta, you bind a leg.
a-thu’-ha, again.
a’-thu-ta, to go across country by the
most direct way.
a’-thu-ta the, to diverge.
a’-thu-tse, violation of a taboo or
law.
a’-bthu-tse, I violated the law.
a’-ni-tse, you violated the law.
o”’-ga-thu-tsa i, we violated the law.
a’-thu-xe, to take a husband.
a’-to™ (Om. same), to tread upon; to
step upon.
a’-a-to®, I tread upon (the ground).

a’-tha-to®, you tread upon (the
ground).

o®-ga’-to™ i, we tread upon (the
ground).

a-to"-he, I stand. A ritual term.

a-to® he i» da, as I stand. A ritual
term.

a-tsia’-tha, to pass by.

a-tsi -bthe o®-tho® tha-the, you saw
me pass along.

a-tsi’-e tho, I have come.

a-tsi‘in do, I have come.

a’-tsi® ga-ba-xe—a-tsi", fever; ga-ba-
xe, demolisher; fever-demolisher:
quinine.

a-tsi’-no®-zhi", came and stood.

a-u, masculine oral stop.

a-u’-btha-cka, lower part of arm.

a-u’-cki-da, armpit.

LA FLESCHE]

a-u’-ki-te (Om. same), joints of the
arms.
a’-u-sho"-sho?, the wrist.
a’-u-sho"-sho® tse o®-ni-e ha, my
wrist pains.
a-u-to”-ga, the arm above the elbow.
a’-u-zhi"-ga (Om. same), lower or
forearm, from the elbow down to
and including the wrist.
a’-wa-no®-bthe—a, on which to;
wa-no®-bthe, eat—on-which-to-
eat: a table.
a’-wa-no"-bthe a-thi-btha, oilcloth
for table use; as a tablecloth.
a’-wa-no"-bthe tse-dsi a-gthi"-ge
i-tse-tha i-a he, place the chairs
at the table.
a’-wa-thi-gtho" (Om. same), to de-
liberate; to consider.
a’-wa-bthi-gtho", I considered it.
a’-wa-ni-gtho", you considered it.
o”’-ga-wa-thi-gtho"® i, we considered
it.
a-wa-zha, to doubt another’s state-
ment.
e’-zha, I doubt his statement.
the-zha, you doubt his statement.
gi’-zha, they doubt his statement.
a-xi -be, lower arm; the foreleg.
a-xi'-be tha-ta tse a bi a, the left
wrist it is said. This is an expres-
sion taken from a ritual.
a’-xo-ba-bi, inviolable; can not be
violated.
a’-xo-ba zhi, to desecrate.
a‘-a-xo-ba mo®-zhi, I desecrated it.
a‘-tha-xo-ba a-zhi, you desecrated it.
o”’-ga-xo-ba-ba-zhi i, we desecrated
it.

ba, a prefix to denote the act of cutting
with a knife.

ba, they.

ba, a plural sign.

ba (Om. ma), snow.

ba, a verb prefix denoting an act is
done with a stick, spear, or any
other sharp thing.

ba-a’-ge, to repel; to drive back; to
check the advance of.

pa’-a-ce, I check the advance.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

17

a’-xo-be, deference; respect.
a’-a-xo-be, I respected it.
a’-tha-xo-be, you respected it.
0®-ga’-xo-ba i, we respected it.
a’-xthu-e (Om. same), to exude, as
from the gum weed; (2) dripping
of sap from a tree or plant after
flowing.
a-zhi’, is not.
a’-zhi*, to think or suppose that.
a’-zhi®-mi, I think or suppose.
a’-zha-zhi", you think or suppose.
a’-zhi-do", dew falling on a person.
a-zhi™ tha, think you.
a’-zho" (Om. same), to lie upon.
a’-zho" (Om. same), bed; bedstead;
couch; lounge.
a-zho” ke a/-a-zho", I lie upon a
couch.
a-zho® ke a-tha-zho", you lie upon
a couch.
a’-zho®-go"-go"-tha, a cradle; a crib.
a’-zho®-gi-the, to meet; join another.
a’-zho"®-mo2-ge—a, on which to; zho®,
sleep; mo®-ce, iron—iron-on-which-
to-sleep: bed.
a’-zho® zhi®-ga, a divan.
a’-zho® zhi®-ga thi-ta, your divan.
a’-zho® zhi®-ga wi-ta, my divan.
a’-zhu, to put a number of articles on
a rack.
a’-zhu, the arm above the elbow.
a’-zhu-ba, solemn; solemnity.
a’-zhu-ga-wa, muscles of the arm
grown flaccid with age. A ritual
term.

B

ba-a’-ge—continued.
shpa’-a-ce, you check the advance.
o?-ba’-a-ga i, we check the advance.
ba-a’-ki-gtha-sho®, to turn an object
upside down by pushing.
pa’-a-ki-gtha-sho®, I turned it upside
down.
shpa’-a-ki-gtha-sho®, you turned it
upside down.
0®-ba’-a-ki-gtha-sho"® i, we turned it
upside down.

18

ba-ba’-g¢’i, to cause one’s head to
bend down by pushing.
pa’-ba-¢’i", I caused his head to bend
down.
shpa’-ba-¢’i®,
down.
o"-ba‘-ba-¢’i® i, we pushed his head
down.
ba’-ba-ba-xe, to cut a cord or rope in
pieces.
pa’ -ba-ba-xe, I cut a rope in pieces.
shpa’-ba-ba-xe, you cut a rope in

I pushed his head

pieces.
0"-ba’-ba-xa i, we cut a rope in
pieces.
ba’-ba-xe, to cut a cord or a rope with
a knife.
ba’-a-ba-xe, I cut the rope with a
knife.
ba’-tha-ba-xe, you cut the rope with
a knife.
ba’-o®-ba-xa i, we cut the rope with
a knife.

ba-be’-gi", to turn the edge of any
piece of thin metal, by punching
or bending.
pa’-be-gi", I turn the edge by bend-
ing.
shpa’-be-gi", you turned the edge by
bending.
0*-ba’-be-gi" i, we turned the edge by
bending.
ba-btha’-btha-xe, pushed the water
into ripples or into waves. A ritual
term.
ba’-btha-ge, to cut an animal (buffalo)
open when butchering.
ba’-a-btha-ge, I cut the animal open.
ba’-tha-btha-ce, you cut the animal
open.
ba’-o"-btha-ca i, we cut the animal
open.
ba’-btha-k’a, to flatten a piece of
wood, or make smooth as with a
plane.
ba‘-a-btha-k’a, I flattened the wood
by cutting.
ba’-tha-btha-k’a, you flattened the
wood by cutting.
ba’-o-btha-k’a i, we flattened the
wood by cutting.
ba-btha’-xe, wavelets.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

ba’-bthe-ka, to cut meat or bread in
thin slices.
ta’-do-ka tho" ba-a-bthe-ka, I cut the
meat thin.
ta’-do-ka tho" ba-tha-bthe-ka, you
cut the meat thin.
pa-bthe-ka, I cut the meat in thin
slices.
shpa’-bthe-ka, you cut the meat in
thin slices.
o*-ba’-bthe-ka i, we cut the meat in
thin slices.
ba-ga’-da, to stretch out.
pa’-ca-da, I stretch out (a blanket).
shpa’-ga-da, you stretch out (a
blanket).
o®-ba’-ga-da i, we stretch out (a
blanket).
ba-ga’-thu, to make a rattling sound
as does the gourd rattle.
pa’-ca-thu, I made a rattling sound.
shpa’-ga-thu, you made the gourd
rattle.
o®-ba’-ga-thu i, we made the gourds
rattle.
ba’-ge, to cut hair, cord, or rope with a
knife.
we’-thi ke ba’-a-ce o, I cut the rope.
we’-thi ke ba’-tha-ce 0, you cut the
rope.
we’-thit ke o®-ba-¢a i, we cut the
rope.
ba-ge’, a woman’s breast.
ba-ge’-ir, a child suckling at its
mother’s breast.
ba-ce’i", same as wa-tha‘do2.
ba-ce-i’-ta-xe, the tip of a woman’s
breast; the nipple.
ba-ce’-k’i, the act of a mother suck-
ling her child.
ba-ge’-ni, milk—ba-¢ce’,
water.
ba-ce’-ni tse a-tse, I skim the milk.
ba-ge’-ni ga-gi—ba-ce’-ni, milk; ¢a-gi,
hard: cheese.
ba-ce’-ni ¢a-gi o®-cu, I like cheese.
ba-ce’-ni_ ga-gi thi-gu, you like
cheese.
ba-cge’-ni gki-the, sweet milk.
ba-ge’-ni hi (Cersium), a plant used
for fattening horses.
ba-ge’-ni ni-we-k’u-dse wi, a quart
of milk.

udder; ni,

LA FLESCHE]

ba-ce’-ni thi-stsu-e, to milk.
ba-ce’-ni, bthi-stsu-e, I milk.
ba-ce’-ni hni, stsu-e, you milk.
ba-ce’-ni 02-thi, stsu-a i, we milk
ba-ce’-ni ts’a-the, sour milk.
pa-ge’-ni we-gthi, butter.
ba-ge’-ni-we-gthi, cream.
ba-ce’-ni-we-gthi wa-cki-the i-da’-be
o®-cu, I like cream on fruit.
ba-ce’-ni-we-gthi wa-cki-the i-da’-be
thi-cu, you like cream on fruit.
ba-ge’-pa, nipple; teat.
ba-ce’ tha-shto", wean; weaned; to
stop nursing.
ba-ce’-thu-ge, cutting out the udder
of a buffalo when butchering.
ba-ce’-wa-tha-ce, katydid. The
Osage women lived in fear of the
katydid.
ba’-gi, hailstones. This is a life sym-
bol of the Ni’-ka wa-ko"-da-gi gens
of the Osage. This gens represents
the cloud region of the sky. When
the people of this gens descended
from the sky to make the earth
their home, they came to the first
division of the sky where their
runner met Ni-ka wa-ko®-da-gi,
the ruler of the cloud region. On
reporting this meeting to the
people the runner described him as
a fear-inspiring man, and therefore
his name must be “‘ Fear-inspiring,”’
they said. The people then
adopted this as a personal name,
No”-pe-wa-the. Ni’-ka wa-ko-
da-gi offered to the people his pro-
tection, and gave them two sacred
names, Gthe-do” zhi*-ga, ‘Little
Hawk,” and Gthe-do’ wi, ‘“‘Hawk
woman,” which they use to this
day. (See pp. 278 and 279, lines
36-51, 36th Ann. Rept. B. A. E.)
ba-gi’, to drive away.
pa’-ci, I drive away.
shpa’-ci, you drive away.
o*-ba’-ci i, we drive away.
ba-ci’ge, to sting; stung by a bee or a
wasp.
ba-Gi’-ge, spiked.
ba-¢’i*’-tha, wrinkles.
Ba’-ciu-to"-ga, Big-tail.
name.

Personal

OSAGE DICTIONARY

19

ba-cke’-be, to scrape water from a hide
in the process of tanning.
pa’-cke-be, I scraped the water from
the hide.
shpa’-cke-be, you scraped the water
from the hide.
o”-ba’-cke-ba i, we scraped the water
from the hide.
ba’-cke-be, to hew or shave to the
desired size.
ba’-a-cke-be, I shaved it.
ba’-tha-cke-be, you shaved it.
o®-ba’-cke-ba i, we shaved it.
ba-gkiu’, near; side by side; contiguous;
adjacent.
ba-gno” tha-gthi*, cutlet.
ba-gno®, to roast meat of any kind
over the fire on a sharpened stick.
The meat on the shoulder blade is
usually roasted in such fashion,
and it is from this that the shoulder
blade got its name (wa-ba’-cno®
wa-hi).
pa’-cno®, I roast meat on a sharpened
stick.
shpa’-gno", you roasted meat on a
sharpened stick.
o-ba’-cno"i, we roasted meat on a
sharpened stick.
ba-cno” -tha, to shell corn by running
a sharp stick between the rows of
grain in a cob.
pa’-gno®-tha, I shelled the corn with
a sharp stick.
shpa’-gno®-tha, you shelled the corn
with a sharp stick.
o®-ba’-gno®-tha i, we shelled the corn
with a sharp stick.
ba’-co*, from the cedars; the north. A
ritual term.
ba’-cgo"-dsi, north.
ba’-go"hi, spruce or pine trees.
ba’-co" hi, tse u-thi-btha xta a-the
ha, I like the smell of the pine tree.
ba’-go® hi ga-xa wa-hu-stsa wi?
ko®-btha, give me a sprig of the
pine tree.
ba-¢cpo”, to nudge with the hand, the
elbow, or with a stick to attract
the attention of another.
pa’-cpo®, I nudged with my hand.
shpa’-g¢po®, you nudged with your
hand.

20

ba-¢po®’—continued.
0®-ba’-cpo" i, we nudged with the our
hands.
ba-gu’, pokeweed (Veratrum viride).
This is similar to the Indian poke
used as an emetic.
ba-da’-ka-dse, to be hot from a fever.
o’-ba-da-ka-dse, I am hot from fever.
thi’-ba-da-ka-dse, you are hot from
fever.
ba’-da-pa, to cut a piece of skin round
like a shield, or a piece of wood
into the shape of a ball.
pa’-da-pa, I cut the skin round.
ba’-tha-da-pa, you cut the piece of
wood round.
o*-ba’-da-pa i, we cut the wood
round.
ba-da’-zhe, to blister the hands by
the use of a tool requiring pushing.
sha’-ge pa-da-zhe, I blistered my
hands.
sha’-ge shpa-da-zhe, you blistered
your hands.
sha’-ge 0®-ba’-da-zha i, we blistered
our hands.
ba-da’-zhi, to extinguish a fire by
poking.
pa’-da-zhi, I extinguish the fire by
poking it.
shpa’-da-zhi, you extinguish the fire
by poking it.
0®-ba’-da-zhi i, we extinguish the fire
by poking it.
ba-do’, a knoll; a small hill; hillock.
' ba-do”, to push.
pa’-do®, I push.
shpa’-do", you push.
o®-ba’-do® i, we push.
ba-do™, they were. A ritual term.
ba-dse’, any kind of a boat.
ba-dse’ a-ba u’-ga-bi-xo" tha-bthi"
wa-to" bi a, the boat has three
sails.
ba-dse’ btha-cka—ba-dse, boat; btha-
cka, flat: flat boat; (2) a pontoon.
ba-dse’ ha, a skin boat.
ba-dse’ ni pa ha i-the, the sinking of
a boat.
ba-dse’ ni pa-ha i-the a-the, I sink the
boat.
ba-dse’ ni pa-ha i-the tha-the, you
sank the boat.
ba-dse’ ni pa-ha i-the o®-tha i, we
sank the boat.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

ba-dse’ o-pshe-tse, a boat landing; a
wharf; a dock.
ba-dse’ o-pshe tse, ferry.
ba-dse’ pe-dse—ba-dse, boats; pe-dse,
fire: steamboat.
ba-dse u’-thu-ga-hi—ba-dse, boat;
u-thu-ga-hi, to row with, an oar:
a rowboat.
ba-dse’ zhi*-ga—ba-dse, boat; zhi"-
ga, small: small boat; pirogue.
ba-dsu’-tha, any article of clothing
punched full of holes with sharp
sticks.
pa’-dsu-tha, I punched the clothes
full of holes.
shpa’-dsu-tha, you punched the
clothes full of holes.
o®-ba’-dsu-tha i, we punched the
clothes full of holes.
ba-dsu’-zhe, to open a sore to let the
pus out.
pa’-dsu-zhe, I opened the sore.
shpa’-dsu-zhe, you opened the sore.
o®-ba’-dsu-zha i, we opened the sore.
ba’-ga-sho-dse, blizzard; snow driven
by the wind like smoke.
ba-gi’-dse—ba, an act of pushing;
gi-dse, squeak: a fiddle.
ba-gi-dse ke spa’-gi-dse ha, you play
the fiddle.
ba’ -gi-xe, to cut a finger or hand.
no®-be pa’-gi-xe, I cut my finger.
no®-be shpa’-gi-xe, you cut your
finger.
no®-be o®-ba’-gi-xa i, we cut our
fingers.
ba’-go", to whittle a piece of wood
down to the desired size.
ba’-a-go", I whittle a piece of wood.
ba’-tha-go", you whittle a piece of
wood.
02-ba’-go" i, we whittled the piece of
wood.
ba-gu’-dse, to probe into a hole, as
cleaning a pipe with a stick.
pa’-gu-dse, I cleaned my pipe with a
stick.
shpa’-gu-dse, you cleaned your pipe
with a stick.
o®-ba’-gu-dsa i, we
pipes with a stick.
ba-ha, to exhibit; to hold to view; to
offer. These terms are used in the
ritual also.

cleaned our

LA FLESCHE]

ba-ha’, to show; to display.
pa’-ha, I show.
shpa’-ha, you show.
o2-ba’-ha i, we show.
ba-ha’ i-ba-ho"® wa-k’i—ba-ha, to
present; i-ba-ho", for purpose of
knowing; wa-k’i, give: to-present-
for-purpose-of-knowing; to intro-
duce.
ba-he’, the height of the wigwam.
From a wi-gi-e.
ba’-he-i-the-a-tha, to cause one to
stagger, by pushing.
pa’-he i-the-a-tha I caused him to
stagger.
shpa’-he i-the-tha-the, you caused
him to stagger.
o®-ba’-he i-the-o®-tha i, we caused
him to stagger.
ba-hi’, to pick, as selecting one from
many; (2) to sort; to sort the good
from the bad; (8) picked; selected;
the best.
pa’-hi, I picked.
shpa’-hi, you picked.
o*-ba’-hi i, we picked.
ba-hi’-dse, to point the muzzle of a
gun lower; (2) to aim lower than
the mark.
pa-hi’-dse, I aimed the gun lower.
shpa’-hi-dse, you aimed the gun lower.
o*-ba’-hi-dsa i, we pointed the gun
lower.
ba-hiu’-the—ba, snow; hiu-the, com-
ing: snowstorm.
ba-hi’-xtsi, elite; picked from the best
of the people.
ba-hni’-tse, an attack of malaria or
chills.
ba-ho”™, pounded parched corn, served
with broth.
ba-ho”, to raise an object by pushing.
ba-hu’-to", to make an animal cry or
growl by punching with a stick.
ba’-i-zhi, to fail to cut because of dull
knife.
ba’-a-i2 mo®-zhi, I failed to cut it.
ba’-tha-i" a-zhi, you failed to cut it.
ba’-k’a-be, to make a notch in a stick
with a sharp knife.
ba’-a-k’a-be, I made a notch in a
stick.
ba’-tha-k’a-be, you made a notch in
a stick.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

21

ba’-k’a-be—continued.
ba’-o2-k’a-ba i, we made a notch ina
stick.

ba’-k’a hi, cottonwood tree (Populus
sargentii). This is a sacred tree
and is used as a symbol in the
Osage rites.

ba’-k’a-k’a-be, to cut notches in a
piece of wood.

ba’-a-k’a-k’a-be, I cut notches in the
wood.

ba’-tha-k’a-k’a-be, you cut notches
in the wood.

0®-ba’-k’a-k’a-ba i, we cut notches in
the wood.

Ba’-k’a Zho-i-ga-the, Cotton-tree
People. A subgens of the Ke’-ki®
gens; acts as Sho-ka for itself and
the Ke-k’i*.

ba-ki’-gtha-sho", to push an object
so that it turns upside down.

pa’-ki-gtha-sho", I pushed it upside
down.

shpa’-ki-gtha-sho2,
upside down.

o®-ba’-ki-gtha-sho" i, we pushed it
upside down.

ba-k’i"-tha, the wrinkles.

ritual.)

ba-k’i’-tha, to give a dig or punch or
to scratch an itching part of the
back to get relief.

no’-ka o®-tha-k’i-tha, I scratched
my back.

no” -ka thi-tha-k’i-tha, you scratched
your back.

ba-ki’-tha-ha, to push apart two
objects with a stick or pole.

pa’-ki-tha-ha, I pushed them apart
with a pole.

shpa’-ki-tha-ha, you pushed them
apart with a pole.

o®-ba’-ki-tha-ha i, we pushed them
apart with a pole.

ba-ko’-ge, a thud, caused by thrusting
a stick against an object.

you pushed it

(From a

pa’-ko-ge, I caused a_ thudding
sound.

shpa’-ko-ge, you caused a thudding
sound.

ba’-ko no®-zhi® o’, to stand bent over.

ba’-ko a-no®-zhi", I stood bent over.

ba’-ko tha-no®-zhi", you stood bent
over.

22

ba-kshi"’-dse, to miss an object at
which a thrust is made; to scrape
a hide.
pa’-kshi-dse, I missed the object.
shpa’-kshi™dse, you missed the object.
o®-ba’-kshi"-dsa i, we missed the
object.
ba-k’u’, to dig a ditch.
pa-k’u, I dig a ditch.
shpa’-k’u, you dig a ditch.
o®-ba’-k’u i, we dig a ditch.
ba-ku’-wi®-xe, to make an object turn
by pushing; to make a horse turn
by driving.
a’-wa-no"-bthe tho®
I turned the table.
ka’-wa the pa-ku-wi2-xe, I made the
horse turn.
ka’-wa the shpa-ku-wi®-xe, you made
the horse turn.
ka’-wa the o®-ba-ku-wi2-xa i, we
made the horse turn.
ba-mo”’, to remove the outer skin of
corn by rubbing; to file.
pa’-mo”, I removed the outer skin.
shpa’-mo", you removed the outer
skin.
o®-ba’-mo® i, we removed the outer
skin.
zho" ke pa-mo®, I filed the wood.
zho® ke shpa-mo®, you filed the wood.
ba-mo”-da-da, to rub the hands with
joy; satisfaction.
ba-mo”’-shi, to raise an object by
pushing it upward with the hands
or with a pole.
pa’-mo"-shi, I raised the object with
my hands.
shpa’-mo®-shi, you raised it with
your hands.
o®-ba’-mo®-shi i, we raised it with
our hands.
ba-mo”-tha i-the-the, to push a
person backward.
pa’-mo®-tha i-the-a-the,
him backward.
shpa’-mo”-tha _i-the-tha-the,
pushed him backward.
0*-ba’-mo®-tha i-the-o"-tha i, we
pushed him backward.
ba-mo”-xe, bowed; bent
ritual term.

pa-ku-wi-xe,

I pushed

you

low. A

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

ba-ni’-cgu-dse, to mash potatoes or

other vegetables.

pa-ni’-cu-dse, I mashed the potatoes.

shpa-ni’-cu-dse, you mashed the
potatoes.

o®-ba’-ni-cu-dsa i, we mashed the
potatoes.

ba-ni’-gthu-ge, to soften mush or
corn meal by adding water and
stirring it.

pa’-ni-gthu-ce, I softened ‘the mush
with water.

shpa’-ni’-gthu-ge, you softened the
mush with water.

ba-ni’-ta, to shake with cold; to
shiver.

pa-ni-ta, I shiver.
shpa-ni-ta, you shiver.
o®-ba-ni-ta i, we shiver.

ba-ni’-tse, malaria.

ba-no”-tha, to disband; to adjourn a
meeting. (Same as u-ga’-e-btha.)

ba-no”’-the, recess.

Ba’po, the name of a subgens of the
Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge (Peace) gens
of the Tsi’-zhu tribal division.
The office of the Ba’-po subgens is
to make the pipestem for the
sacred pipe of the Tsi’-zhu gens;
its meaning is elderberry bush,
out of which the pipestem is

made.
ba-po’-ki, popgun made from the
stalk of the elder bush. The

Osage boys knew how to make a
popgun before contact with the
whites.
ba-po’-ki wi" a-bthi", I have a pop-
gun,
ba-po’-ki wi? a-ni, you have a” pop-
gun.
ba-po’-ki hi or hiu, elderberry bush
or tree (Sambucus canadensis).
ba-shda’-dse, to lift something out of
a hole on the end of a stick or long

pole.

pa’-shda-dse, I lifted it out of the
hole.

shpa’-shda-dse, you lifted it out of
the hole.

o®-ba’-shda-dsa i, we lifted it out of
the hole.

LA FLESCHE]

ba-shda’-ha, to make a smooth sur:
face by planing.
pa’-shda-ha, I planed the surface
smooth.
shpa’-shda-ha, you planed the sur-
face smooth.
o®-ba’-shda-ha i, we planed the sur-
face smooth.
ba-shta’-dse, to lift anything by the
aid of a stick or pitchfork.
pa’-shta-dse, I lifted it with a pitch-
fork.
shpa’-shta-dse, you lifted it with a
pitchfork.
o®-ba’-shda-dsa i, we lifted it with a
pitchfork.
ba-shi’-be, the escape of horses or
cattle by the breaking of a fence.
ba-shi’-zhe, curved (as applied to
the horns of a deer).
ba-shku’-shku-da, to make many
dents in a piece of wood.
pa’-shku-shku-da, I made _ several
dents.
shpa’-shku-shku-da, you made sev-
eral dents.
o®-ba’-shku-shku-da i, we made sev-
eral dents.
ba-sho”, incurve, the bend of a river.
ba-sho™, crooked.
ba-sho”-sho®, in a zigzag way.
ba-sho”™-tha, to spill water from a
vessel, either by accident or on
purpose.
pa’-sho®-tha, I spilled the water on
purpose.
shpa’-sho®-tha, you spilled the water
by accident.
o0®-ba’-sho®-tha i, we spilled the
water by accident.
ba’-shpa-shpa, to cut an apple or a
potato into many pieces with a
knife.
ba’-a-shpa-shpa, I cut it in many
pieces.
ba’-tha-shpa-shpa,
many pieces.
o®-ba’-shpa-shpa i, we cut it in many
pieces.
ba’-shpe, to cut a piece of fruit or
vegetable with a knife.
ba’-a-shpe, I cut a piece of fruit.
ba’-tha-shpe, you cut a piece of fruit.
o®-ba’-shpa i, we cut a piece of fruit.

you cut it in

OSAGE DICTIONARY

23

ba-shpe’, to punch a piece out of the
trunk of a tree or some other
object by hard thrusting with a
sharp iron bar or a heavy pole.
ba-shpi’, to shell corn with a knife or
with other sharp-edged instru-
ments by running the edge be-
tween the grains.
pa’-shpi, I shelled the corn with a
knife.
shpa’-shpi, you shelled the corn with
a knife.
o®-ba’-shpi i, we shelled the corn
with a knife.
ba-shta’, coneflower; a hair cut. The
coneflower is a life symbol of the
Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge (Peace) gens of
the Osage Tribe. The flower was
called ba-shta because the people
of the gens cut the hair of their
children in such a fashion as to
resemble the head and petals of
the flower. Sometimes this is
mentioned in the rituals Ba-shta’-
e-go" zhi»-ga (Ratibida columnaris).
ba-shta’ e-go", same as_ ba-shta
(which see).
No Anger said to them: Of a little yellow flower
I, as a person, have verily made my body.
The little Ba-shta’ e-go® (Ratibida columnaris).
When the little ones make of it their bodies,
They shall cause themselves to live together
without anger or violence.

(From a ritual).
ba-shta’-ha, to polish wood or stone.
pa-shta’-ha, I polished the wood.

shpa-shta’-ha, you polished the wood.
o®-ba’-shta-ha i, we polished the
stone.
ba-stse’-ga, strawberry.
ba-stse’-ga a-ba no®-bthe tha-gthi®,
strawberries are good to eat.
ba-stse’-ga o®-tha-gthi2 no" a-tha, I
like strawberries.
ba-stse’-ga-hiu, strawberry vine; the
berry is called ba-stse’-ga.
ba’-stse-ge, to gash the skin with a
knife.
ba’-stse-stse-ge, to cut skin or meat
into many strips with a knife.
ba’-a-stse-stse-ge, I cut into strips.

ba’-tha-stse-stse-ge, you cut into
strips.

0?-ba’-stse-stse-ga i, we cut into
strips.

24 BUREAU

ba’-ta, an egg.
ba’-ta-ta, faction.
ba-ta’-the, to make a house fall to
pieces by pushing it down.
pa-ta-the, I pushed the house down.
shpa’-ta-the, you pushed the house
down.
0®-ba’-ta-tha i, we pushed the house
down.
ba’-ta zhe-gtho®, omelet.
ba’-ta zhe-gtho® o-tha-gthi", I like
an omelet.
ba’-ta zhe-gtho® thi-tha-gthit a, do
you like an omelet?
ba’-tha btha-ge, you cut the skin
open with a knife.
ba’-the, winter.
ba’-the dse zho® u-tha-o" ta-tse a-ni
ke a-hi®, have you wood for the
winter?
ba’-the tse zho" a-bthitha, I have
my wood for the winter.
ba-thi™-ge, to rid the ground of roots,
preparatory to planting.
pa’-thi*-ge, I rid the ground of roots.
shpa’-thi-ge, you rid the ground of
roots.
o*-ba’-thi2-ga i, we rid the ground of
roots.
ba thi" ha, in your movements.
ba thi" ho, an emphatic expression
used at the end of a sentence.
u-no®-xthi2 ba thi® ho, hurry up.
xi®-tha-tha ba thi" ho, be quick.
ba’-tho, harvest fly; locust.
ba’-tho a-ba zho®-a-be ge tha-cni a
bo, the locust eats the leaves of
trees.
ba’-tho®-ba-ha, to cut an object in
two parts.
ba’-to-be, to slice; to cut up.
pa’-to-be, I sliced (the bread).
shpa’-to-be, you sliced (the bread).
0®-ba’-to-ba i, we sliced (the bread).
ta’-do-ka tho" ba-a-to-be, I cut up
the meat.
ta’-do-ka tho" ba-tha-to-be, you cut
up the meat.
ba-to”, to thrust a stick into the
ground as a feeler.
pa’-to", I thrust a stick into a hole
as a feeler.

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

ba-to®’—continued.
shpa’-to®, you thrust a stick into a
hole as a feeler.
o®-ba’-to® i, we thrust a stick into
a hole as a feeler.
ba-tse’, to sew.
pa’-tse, I sew.
shpa’-tse, you sew.
o"-ba’-tsa i, we sew.
ba-tse, a bunch of. A,ritual term.
ba-tse’, or ba-ta’ta, faction.
ba-tse’, group; clump; clump of grass;
bunch.
ba-tsi’-tsi-zhe, to push through thick-
ets with a crashing noise.
pa’-tsi-tsi-zhe, I made a crashing
noise in going through the forest.
shpa’-tsi-tsi-zhe, you made a crash-
ing noise in pushing through the
forest.
o®-b®’-tsi-tsi-zha i, we made a crash-
ing noise in pushing through the
forest.
ba-ts’i™, head down and feet up;
headlong; head foremost.
ba-ts’i” sha, to bend the top of a stick
or pole by pushing it against a
tree or stump.
pa-ts’i"-sha, I pushed the stick and

bent it.
shpa’-tsi"-sha, you pushed the stick
and bent it.
ba-xa’-dse, hair roached, a style of
hair cut.

ba-xa’-dse pa-xe, I roached my hair.
ba-xa’dse shka-xe, you roached your
hair.
ba-xa’-dse o®-ga-xa i, we roached our
hair.
ba-xi’, to arouse one from sleep by
pushing.
pa’-xi, I aroused him.
shpa’-xi, you aroused him.
o®-ba’-xi i, we aroused him.
ba-xi’-dse, to perspire.
o*’-ba-xi-dse, I perspire.
thi’-ba-xi-dse, you perspire.
wa’-ba-xi-dsa i, we perspire.
ba-xi’-tha, to push a person down.
pa’-xi-tha, I pushed him down.
shpa’-xi-tha, you pushed him down.
0*-ba’-xi-tha i, we pushed him down.

LA FLESCHE]

Ba’-xo-dse, the name of the Iowa
tribe of Indians living in the State
of Nebraska.

ba-xo™, to break.

pa’-xo", I break, by pushing.

shpa’-xo®, you break, by pushing.

o®-ba’-xo" i, we break, by pushing.

ba’-xo®, to cut a stick or log across the

grain.

pa’-xo", I cut across the grain of the
log.

shpa’-xo", you cut across the grain of
the log.

o®-ba’-xo" i, we cut across the grain
of the log.

ba-xo”™, to break a stick, tent pole, or
an awl by pushing.

pa’-xo", I broke the tent pole by
pushing.

shpa’-xo"®, you broke the tent pole
by pushing.

o-ba’-xo", we broke the tent pole
by pushing.

zho”’-xa ke pa-xo®, I broke the stick.

zho’ -xa ke bthi-xo", I broke the stick
in two.

zho”’-xa ke shpa’-xo®, you broke the
stick.

zho™-xa ke stsi-xo", you broke the
stick in two.

ba’-xpe, small stunted oaks. A ritual
term.

ba-xthe’-ge, to crack pottery by
thrusting.

pa’-xthe-ge, I crack pottery.
shpa’-xthe-ge, you crack pottery.
o®-ba’-xthe-ga i, we crack pottery.
ba-xtho’-ga, to pierce or wound.
pa’-xtho-ga, I wounded.
shpa’-xtho-ga, you wounded.
o®-ba’-xtho -ga i, we wounded.
ba-xtho’-ge, to perforate; to perforate

the ear.

no®-ta’-pa-xtho-ge, I perforated my
ears.

no®-ta’-shpa-xtho-ge, you perforated
your ears.

no®-ta’-0®-ba-xtho-ga i, we perfo-
rated our ears.
ba-xtho’-ge, to punch; to make a hole
in a piece of leather.
pa’-xtho-ge, I punched a hole in the

leather,

OSAGE DICTIONARY

25

ba-xtho’-ge—continued.
shpa’-xtho-ge, you punched a hole in
the leather.
o2-ba’-xtho-ga i, we punched a hole
in the leather.
ba-xthu’, to stoop and push a way
through a fence or a thicket.
ba-xthu’ bthe, I stooped and pushed
through.
ba’-xthu’ stse, you
pushed through.
ba-xthu’ o0®-ga-tha i, we stooped and
pushed through.
ba-xthu’-dse, to push the bark off a
tree.
pa’-xthu-dse, I pushed the bark off
the tree.
shpa’-xthu-dse, you pushed the bark
off the tree.
o®-ba’-xthu-dsa i,
bark off the tree.
ba-xthu’-ge, to punch holes through
skin with an awl in sewing.
pa’-xthu-ge, I punched a hole with
an awl.
shpa’-xthu-ge, you punched a hole
with an awl.
o®-ba’-xthu-ga i, we punched a hole
with an awl.
ba-xthu’-the, to crawl under a fence.
ba-xthu’-bthe, I crawl under the

stooped and

we pushed the

fence.

ba-xthu’-stse, you crawl under the
fence.

ba-xthu’-o®-ga-tha i, we crawl under
the fence.

ba-xto™, to spill the contents of a ves-
sel by pushing.
pa’-xto", I spilled the water by
pushing the vessel.
shpa’-xto", you spilled the water by
pushing the vessel.
o0®-ba’-xto" i, we spilled the water by
pushing the vessel.
ba-xtse’, to manacle, handcuff, shackle.
pa’-xtse, I handcuffed (him).
shpa’-xtse, you handcuffed (him).
o®-ba’-xtsa i, we handcuffed (him).
ba-xtse’, to tie up into bundles as a
sheaf.
pa’-xtse, I tied it into bundles.
shpa’-xtse, you tied it up.
0®-ba’-xtsa i, we tied it up.

26

ba’-xtse, the waist line.

ba-xu’, a hill; a ridge.

Ba-xu da-pa, Round Hills. This was
near the farm of Henry Pratt, a
distance of about 45 miles from
the first camp. This was the site
of the second camp of the third
buffalo trail.

ba-xu’-da-pa, solitary hill; round hill.

ba-xu’-du-ba, four-cornered, as a box.

ba-xu’-e, to make an object slide along

the ground by pushing.

pa’-xu-e, I pushed it and made it
slide.

shpa’-xu-e, you pushed it and made
it slide.

0®-ba’-xu-a i, we pushed it and made
it slide.

ba-xu’-e-k’o", shoving game; check-
ers; draughts.

ba-xu’-e-k’o" o®-tha-gthi" a tho, I
like to play checkers.
ba-xu’-e-k’o" thi-tha-gthi® a-tho, you
like to play checkers.
ba-xu’-e-k’o" wa-tha-gthi™ bi a, we
like to play checkers.
ba-xu’-pa-ci, the top of a hill; a peak.
ba-xu’-shda, a bare hilltop.
ba-xu’-stse-dse, a tall mountain.
ba-xu’ to®-ga, a mountain.
ba-xu’-zhi®-¢a, a small hill.
ba-zha’-be, to scrape, as scraping par-
ticles of meat left on a green hide.
pa’-zha-be, I scraped the meat off
the hide.
shpa’-zha-be, you scraped the meat
off the hide.
o®-ba’-zha-ba i, we scraped the meat
off the hide.

ba’-zha-be, to pare; to pare the skin

off potatoes or apples.
pa -zha-be, I pared the apple.
shpa’-zha-be, you pared the apple.
o®-ba’-zha-ba i, we pared the apples.

ba’-zha-ge, to enlarge a hole with a
knife.

ba’-a-zha-ge, I enlarged it with a
knife.

ba’-tha-zha-ge, you enlarged it with
a knife.

o®-ba’-zha-ga i, we enlarged it with a
knife.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

ba’-zha-ta, to mark an animal, as a
horse, cow, or pig, by slitting the
ears.

ba’-a-zha-ta, I slit the horse’s ear to
mark it.

ba’-tha-zha-ta, you slit the horse’s ear
to mark it.

ba’-o®-zha-ta i, we slit the horse’s ear
to mark it.

ba-zhu’-zhu, hilly. |

be, any one of them. A ritual term.

Be, spring of the year.

be, whoever.

be a(?) who is it?

be a-ka hni bi a, it is a cold spring.

be do” u-i no” bi a xtha-cka tsu-hu

a-ba, violets grow in the spring.

be’ e-a-wa-ke a, who do I mean?

be’ e-wa-tha-ke a, who do you mean?
be’ e-wa-ke a, who does he mean?

Be-ga-xa-zhi, Never beaten. Per-
sonal name.

be’ ga-xa zhi, invincible; unconquer-
able. This is also used as a per-
sonal name.

be’-go"-tha e-wa-tha-zhi, undesir-
able.

be’-i-tha-zhi, seen by no one; unseen;
invisible.

be’-ni-ha, languid; wretched.

be’ 0°-wo"-ga-c’i® ba tho” ta zhi, it
is not possible for any person to
look in on me stealthily. (From
the ritual relating to the black
bear.)

be’-shi", the shape of a china cup
which flares at the top.

be’-thi.-ge, nobody.

be-to”, to fold goods.

pe-to»’, I fold goods.
shpe-to®, you fold goods.
o®-be’-to" i, we fold goods.

bi, they.

bi-be’-xo"-xo", wrinkles.

bi’-ge, dry.

bi-¢pa’-cpa, to hide repeatedly while
waylaying a person.

bi-¢pe’, to crouch.

bi-cpe’ a-zho2, I crouch.
bi-cpe’ tha-zho", you crouch.
bi-gpe’ o®-zho" i, we crouch.
bi-cpe’, to lurk; to lie in wait; to
crouch; to hide.

LA FLESCHE]

OSAGE DICTIONARY

27

bi-da’-zhi, to extinguish; to cause to | bi-tse’-ga—continued.

become extinct.
pi-da-zhi, I cause
extinct.
shpi’-da-zhi, you cause it to become
extinct.
o®-bi’-da-zhi i, we cause it to become
extinct.
bi-do™, when.
bi-dsiu’-tha, to wear clothes
shreds, or rags.
pi’-dsiu-tha, I wore my clothes to
rags.
sphi’-dsiu-tha, you wear your clothes
to shreds.
o®-bi’-dsiu-tha i, we wear our clothes
to rags.
bi‘'-gtho®-tha, missing hold of a
rabbit which is pressed to the
ground.
pi’ -gtho®-tha, I let the rabbit go.
shpi’-gtho®-tha, you let the rabbit go.
o®-bi-gtho®-tha i, we let the rabbit go.
bi-hu’-to”, blowing a wind instrument.
pi‘-hu-to®, I blow (a flute).
shpi’-hu-to", you blew (a flute).
02-bi’-hu-to" i, we blew (a flute).
bi-ka’ (Om. same), to efface; to erase;
(2) to obliterate; to wipe out.
pi’-ka, I erase.
shpi’-ka, you erase.
o®-bi’-ka, we erase.
bi-shu’-ka, rolled up; position of an
animal when killed.
bi-thi”-ge, worn down; threadbare.
pi -thi2-ge, I wore down to nothing.
shpi’-thi"-ge, you wore down to

it to become

into

nothing.
o”-bi’-thi=-ga i, we wore down to
nothing.
bi-thu’-to*, to straighten by pressure
of the hand.

pi -thu-to*, I straightened it by hand.

shpi’-thu-to", you straightened it by
hand.

o®-bi’-thu-to" i, we straightened it
by hand.

bi-tse’-ga, to make bright; to polish.

pi’-tse-ga, mo®-ce tse, I polish the
metal.

shpi’-tse-ga, mo"-ce tse, you polish
the metal.

67025—32 ——3

o®-bi’-tse-ga i, mo®-ce tse, we polish
the metal.
wa-ho’-to®-the a-gi pi-tse-ga, I polish
my gun.
wa-ho’-to®-the tha-gi shpi-tse-ga, you
polish your gun.
biu’-ce, dry; withered.
xtha-cka te biu’-ce ha, the rose is
withered.
bi’-wa-shta-ge, to break a wild horse.
pi-wa-shta-ge, I broke the wild

horse.

shpi’- wa-shta-ge, you broke the wild
horse.

o®-bi’-wa-shta-ga i, we broke the
wild horse.

bi’-xo", to make a fire burn by blowing.
pi’-xo", I made the fire burn by blow-
ing.
shpi’-xo®, you made the fire burn by
blowing.
o2-bi’-xo" i, we made the fire burn by
blowing.
bi-xo™’, to crease.
pi’-xo", I crease.
shpi’-xo, you crease.
o®-bi’-xo” i, we crease.
bi-xo™-i-the-the, blow; a_ thistle,
called so because the down of the
thistle was used for the wings of
the arrows of the blowgun.
bo, black haw. The fruit of the black
haw (Viburnum prunifoliwm) was
used for food by the Osage.
bo’-btha-c¢ka, to flatten by shooting.
bo’-bthi, skins that sway in the wind.
bo’-bthi, water continually bubbling
up; a spring.
bo’-bthi, to go forth in a body as
though in a swarm.
bo’-cga, to plant a post in the ground.
zho® gthe ke bo’-a-ca to®-dse ke dsi,
I placed a pole in the ground.
zho® gthe ke to®-dse ke no’-tha-ce,
you placed a pole in the ground.
bo’-gi-gi-dse, shooting upward with a
hissing sound.
bo’-gu, rice.
bo’-gu o®-tha-gthi", I like rice.
bo’-cu thi-tha-gthi*, you like rice.
bo’ de-k’a-gthe, head of a ravine.

28

bo’-gtho"-tha, to miss any mark.
bo’-a-gtho"-tha, I missed a mark.
bo’-tha-gtho®-tha, you missed the
mark.
bo’-o"-gtho"-tha i, we missed the
mark.
bo’-ki-tha-tsi-ce, somersault.
bo’-ki-tha-tsi zhu, somerset.
bo’-ki-tha tsi zhu o” bi tse thi-pi xtsi
o2 bia, he made a complete somer-
set.
bo®, to call; to shout.
a-po”’, I call or shout.
tha’-shpo®, you call or shout.
o"-bo™ i, we call or shout.
Bo™-gui-da, Lowing. Female person-
alname. Refers to the lowing of a
herd of buffalo in the distance.
bo” hu’-ga-gi, to call or shout loudly.
a-hu’-ca-gi, I call loudly.
tha-hu’-ga-gi, you call loudly.
o®-hu’-ca-gi i, we call loudly.
bo’-ta-to-xa, foam.
bo’-the, to winnow.
bo’ -xpa-ni-dse-¢ka, red-headed wood-
pecker.
bo’-xpa ni-dse-xo-dse, golden-fronted
woodpecker.
btha/’-k’a, flat board.
btha-btha’-ge, ragged;
clothes; shabby.
btha-btha’-ge ha, u-do"-be tse, he
looks shabby.
btha’-tha, broad; wide.
btha-xe, spread out.
btha’-xe, mountainous.
btha’-xu-e, I dragged it with my
teeth. (From a ritual.)
bthe a-thit he-tha mi-hi-the kshe
ta-he, I go onward toward the
west.
bthe’-ka, thin.
bthi" i2 da, I am.
bthi-to*, I touched it with my hand.
bthi wi" ko"-btha e-go" da-do2
e’-pa-ha, I made him an offer.

tattered, as

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

btho’-ga, round; cylindrical.
btho’-ga, entire; a whole thing.
btho’-ga, a whole; a dollar.
btho’-ga wi®-xtsi, one dollar.
btho’-ga tho"-ba, two dollars.
btho’-ga wi" xtsi u-tha-kshe-to", you
earned a dollar.
btho’-ga wi" xtsi u-wa-kshe-to, I
earned a dollar.

Btho’-ga-hi-ge, _ Chief-of-all. _ Per-
sonal name. Refers to the sacred
character of the hereditary chief.

btho®, odor; scent.

btho"-tha’-gthi"—btho®, odor, smell;
tha-gthi", good—odor smell good:
fragrance; pleasing odor.

btho"tha’-gthi" u-ga-btho"—btho,
odor; tha-gthi", good; u-ga-btho,
scattered—good-odor-scattered:
redolence.

btho"-xe’, cracked.

btho”™ pi-zhi, an offensive smell.

bthu’-shke i*-do, I untie the knot.

bu, black haws.

bu, to shoot and send a thing rolling.

bu’-a-to"-tha, I shot and sent it
rolling.

bu’-tha-to®-tha, you shot and sent it
rolling.

bu’-ce, to cut by shooting.

bu’-a-ce, I cut it by shooting.
bu’-tha-ce, you cut it by shooting.
bu’-ci-gi, the pulse. (Refers to the
throbbing of the pulse.)

bu’shpe, to shoot a piece out of a tree.

bu-a’-shpe, I shoot a piece out of a
tree.

bu-tha’-shpe, you shoot a piece out
of a tree.

bu-o’-shpa i, we shoot a piece out of
a tree.

bu’-ta-ta, actions of a bucking horse.

bu’-xpa, a woodpecker.

bu’-xpa xo-dse, red-headed wood-
pecker.

C

ga, rush (Hleocharis interstincta) out | ga’-be (Om. same), black.

of which mats are made.
ga-ba’ bi o, be cautious (advice from
an older person).

ga-ba’-zhi, suddenly; without warn-

ing.

ga’-be tse ko®-btha, I prefer black.
ga-be tse shko*-shta, you prefer
black.
ga’-be, the black. A ritual term refer-
ring to the black bear.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE
ca-be’, to be cautious.
a-ca’-be, I am cautious.
tha-ca’-be, you are cautious.
o®-ca’-ba i, we are cautious.
ca’-btha-gka, grows in ponds.
cga’-da, stretched; stretch.
bthi’-ga-da, I stretch.
ni’-ga-da, you stretch.
o»-thi’-ca-da i, we stretch.
ga’-da, stiff; rigid; stiff-jointed.
ca-da’ ga-xe—ca-da, stiff; ga-xe, to
make—to make stiff: stiffen.
cga-dse’, hair grown scant with age.
(From a ritual.)

Ca-ge’-wa, Sac and Fox. This term
is used when speaking of these
tribes by the Osage.

ga-gi’, durable; hard; lasting; tough;
tough meat; (2) strong; (38) inflex-
ible; (4) not easily bent.

ca-gi’, firm; solid; strong; hard.

ca-gi’a bi, spoken of as strong. A
ritual term.

ca-gi -ga-xe, to solidify; to make hard.

ga-gi’ pa-xe, I made it hard.
ca-gi’-shka-xe, you made it hard.
ga-gi’ o"-ga-xa i, we made it hard.
cga-gi sho"®-sho"®-e—¢a-gi, solid, strong;
sho®-sho®-e, always: permanency,
permanent.

ca-gi’ u-thi-mo*, to make fast; to
secure; to fasten.

ca-gi’ u-bthi-mo”, I made secure.
¢a-gi u-stsi-mo", you fastened it.
ca-gi’ o®-gu-thi-mo?® i, we fastened it.

¢a-gi -u-thi*-ge, to hold one fast.
ga-gi’-u-bthi=-ge, I held him fast.
ca-gi’-u-stsi®-ge, you held him fast.
ca-gi’-o"-gu-thi®-ga i, we held him

fast.

ca-gi’-zhi"-ga, slim; slender; thin.

ga’-gthu-ha-sho-ga, thick-barked
hickory tree.

ga’-gthu-hi, hickory tree; pignut.

Ca’-gthu hi u-gthe, Hickory Creek,
Okla.

ga’-ka, loose; scattered.
stones.)

ca’-ka, raw; uncooked.

ga’-ki’-ba, side by side; parallel.

ga’-kiu, watermelon.
ga’-kiu tha-tse o®-gu shna a-tha, I
like watermelon.

(Refers to

DICTIONARY

29

ca’-kiu i*-shta-xi" i-ta, white man’s
melon; muskmelon; cantaloupe.
ca’-ku e-go"® btho®, smells like water-
melon; the acacia (Mimosaceae).
ca-mo”’, a scar.
i=-dse ga-mo” o®-gtho" ha, I have a
scar on my face.
no®-be’-he ga-mo" a-thi-gtho"® ha,
you have a scar on your hand.
ga-ni’, all; everything; everybody.
(See btho-ga.)
ga-ni a-tha bi a, everybody is going.
ga-ni’, total, all.
ga-thu, to rattle.
bthi’-ca-thu, I made it rattle.
ni’-ga-thu, you made it rattle.
o®-thi’-ca-thu i, we made it rattle.
ca’-to® a-zhi—ca-to., five; a-zhi,
scattered upon: five-spot in deck
of cards.
ca’ u-dse-to"-ga, the rush (Scirpus
occidentalis). This rush is much
larger at the base than at the top.
It was rejected by the No*’-ho»-
zhi.-ga as not being suitable for
use in making the shrine for the
sacred hawk, because of its uneven
shape.
ca zhi*-ga, the little rush (Hleocharis
interstincia). This was chosen by
the No” -ho*-zhi"-ga as being
suitable for making the symbolic
shrine for the sacred hawk. It is
very nearly the same size from the
base to the top and with it the
weaver could do better work than
with the larger rush. One part of
the rush shrine symbolizes the sky
with its stars and clouds and the
other part the earth, to which all
forms of life descend from the sky.
ca-zhi”-ga, brushwood; dead branches
used for making fires.
ge’-cga-ga (Om. same), trot; the trot-
ting of a horse.
Ce’-ca-gi-da, Returns-trotting.
sonal name.
ge’ -ge-k’o"-ca-gi, a fast trotter.
Ce’-ce-mo"-i2 , Trots-as-he-travels.
Personalname. Refers to the rest-
less movements of the elk.
ce gtha-gtha, with a line of groves
upon its banks. A ritual term.

Per-

30

Chi-zhe’-wa-the, Rustles-the-leaves.
Personal name. Refers to the
noise made by the deer among the
leaves in the forest as he feeds.

gi, foot.

gi (Om. same), yellow.

gi-a’-zhi*, the ear of corn has kernels;
seeds.

gi ba-xo?, the act of cutting off the feet
of a buffalo when butchering.

gi bi-da’-ts’e-ga, numbness in the
hands or feet; feet or hands asleep.

gi te pi-da’-ts’e-ga, my feet are numb.
cgi te shpi-da-ts’e-ga, your feet are
numb.

gi -btha-k’a, web-footed; (2) flat foot.

mi-xa’ zhi®-ga a-ba gci-ge-btha-k’a bi
a, the duck is web-footed.

Ci’-cga-be, Blackfeet. A tribe of
Indians.

gi’-gi, stalwart; brave; active.

ci’-ci bi a, he is stalwart.
gi’-ci-e, spotted with yellow.
term.

Ci-gi’-ka a-ki-cit, Republican Paw-
nee. A tribe of Indians.

gi-cu’, thigh.

gi’-da, ripe corn.

ha-ba a-ba gi-da bi o, the corn is ripe.
gi-do’-dsi, yesterday.
gi-do’-dsi wa-ko®-da-gi thi2-kshe-dsi

A ritual

pshi, I went to the doctor’s
yesterday.

gi-du’-hi, slough grass (Spartina mi-
chauxiana).

gi’-ge, the third daughter (special
kinship term).

CGi-ha’, Soles. Personal name. Re-
fers to the footprints of the

buffalo.

gi’-ha, horse’s hoof.

gi-hi’, legs.

gi-hi’ wi-ta ni-e ha, my legs ache.

gi’-hi, pallor; an unhealthy color.

gi’-ka hiu-ka, a steel needle. This
article was not known among the
Osage until introduced by the
traders.

gi -ki-gtha-ge, to cut a foot acciden-
tally with an ax.

gi-ko”’, ankle.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

git, Sagittaria latifolia. The root of
this plant was used for food by
the Osage Indians. It is also
used in the war ceremonies as a
symbol.

Gi’ -dse-co-ta, Slender-tail. Personal
name. Refers to the slender tail
of the buffalo.

gi’-dse a-gthe—¢i’-dse, tail; a-gthe,
to wear on the head as an orna-
ment: Wearers-of-the-symbolic-
locks. The name of a gens, one
of whose life symbols is the buffalo
tail.

gix’-dse tse, the refrain; the repetition
of the last part of a song to which
only two or three select men dance.
This word also means the tail;
it is the last of the dance that those,
aside from the select men, must
pay in order to dance in the tail.

gi’-dse-u-o"-he—ci"-dse, tail; u-o2-
he, lay: crupper.

git -dse-xa-tha—ci"-dse, tail; xa-tha,
thrown backward: scorpion.

Ci»’-dse-thi*-ge, No-tail. Personal
name. Refers to the red-black
bear.

Ci’-dse-wa-ko"®-da, Mystic-tail. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the scalps
attached to the tail of the sacred
hawk.

Ci’ -dse-zhi"-ga, Little-tail. Personal
name. Refers to the tail of the
buffalo.

git’-e-sta, opossum. The opossum is
used by the Osage for food.

gi™’-ga, squirrel. The squirrel figures
in the myths of the Osage and the
Omaha.

gi’ -ga ga-be, black squirrel. The
black squirrel is not known to the
Omaha.

Ci-gthe’-wa-thi-ta, Crosses-trail.
Personal name. Refers to the
wandering of a bear who crosses
the trails of other animals.

gi’ -mo"-no"-ta, Nymphaea advena, a
plant used by the Osage in their
ceremonies.

gi-no™-bthe e-go", resembling a kid-
ney in shape.

LA FLESCHE]

gi-o”-ni e, I have a pain in my foot.
ci-thi‘ni-e, you have a pain in your
foot.
ci-wa’-ni ai, we have pains in our
feet.
cgi-pa’ (Om. same), toes.
gi-pa’-ha, the skin of my toes.
gi-pa’-ha, toenail.
gi-pa’-hi, all of the toes.
ci-pa’-i-ta-xe tse, the tip of the toe.
ci-pa’-u-ca-be, the toes.
ci-pa’u-stse-dse tse, the second toe.
ci-pa-u-stse’-dse wa-ho’-k’a tse, the
third or middle toe.
ci-pa’wa-ho-k’a tse, the fifth or little
toe.
gi-shto’-zha tse, instep.
ci-the’-dse, heels.
Ci-the’-dse-xo-dse, Gray-heels.
sonal name.
gi’-thu-ga, they took footsteps.
ci’-thu-ge stse-dse, to stride.
gi-thu’-ka-thi", barefoot,
ci-thu’-ka-bthi*, I am barefoot.
ci-thu’-ka-ni, you are barefoot.
ci-thu’-ka-o*-thi i, we are barefoot.
Ci’-to"-ga, Big-feet. Personal name.
Refers to the great size of the feet
of the buffalo.
ci tse, the foot or the feet.
ci tse a-ki-u ha, I have a wound on
my foot.
ci-tse o®-tho®-ba, my feet are swollen.
ci-tse u-ba-ha de e-thi-tho®-be ha,
your foot protrudes.
ci tse u-ba-ha ta e o®-tho®-be ha, my
foot protrudes.
gi-u’-¢gki-da, the hollow in the sole of
the human foot.
giu’-ka-do-ga, a rooster—ciu’-ka,
chicken; do-ga, male.
ciu’-ka-hiu-ko"® ta-xe—ciu-ka, tur-
key; hiu-ko", leg bone; ta-xe,
knobbed: pin.
giu’-ka mi-ga zhi"®-ga—ciu’-ka,
chicken; mi-ga, female; zhi®-ga,
little—little-female-chicken: pullet.
ciu’-ka mi-ga zhi2-ga cka wi" a-bthi®,
I have a white pullet.
giu’-ka mi®-ga, female turkey.
giu’-ka mo®-hi®-zhu—ciu’-ka, turkey;
mo®-hi*-zhu, breast of: breast of a
turkey.

Per-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

dl

Ciu-ka’-sha-ge e-go", resembling a
turkey track, Flat Rock, Okla.
giu’-ka tha-tse ho®-ba—ciu-ka, tur-

key; tha-tse, eat; ho-ba, day:
Thanksgiving day.
cgiu-ki-no®-¢o", to lie feet to feet.

gi zha’-ta—ci, foot; zha-ta, cloven:
cloven-foot.

gka’-cka, white spots; flecked with
white spots.

gka’ gka-be, sticky or miry; muddy.

cka’-ga-mo®, the downy feather of an
eagle worn by chiefs on the scalp
lock.

c¢ka’-ga-xe, whiten.

cka’-gthe, a white downy feather
taken from the under part of an
eagle’s wing or tail and used as
a symbolic or decorative plume.
Used as a symbol in the tribal
rites, it represents the white light
of the sun. In the ceremonies two
downy plumes are used, one white
and the other red. The red plume
is used to represent the red dawn
and is called (ka’-gthe zhu-dse.

cgka’-gthe-zhu-dse, a red eagle plume
used in the tribal rites as a symbol
of the red of dawn.

Cka’-gthe, White-plumes.
name.

cki’-da, a gap in a ridge.

cki’-the (Om. same), sweet.

gna’-the, to grease a wagon or oil
machinery.
cna’-a-the, I grease machinery.
cna‘-tha-the, you grease.
cna’-o®-tha i, we grease.

c¢na’-the, to heal the wound of a child
by using an ointment made from
buffalo grease.

cgnu’-ka, oval; egg-shaped.

ba-ta a-ba cnu-ka no® bi a, the egg
is oval.

co"-ci-ga (Om. same), the flicker;
yellow hammer; belongs to the
woodpecker family.

Co"-ci-gthe, Foot-prints-in-the-woods.
Female personal name. Refers to
the footprints made by the deer.

go"-go”, to tremble.

a-co’-co", I tremble.
tha-go®’-co", you tremble.
0-¢o®-go" i, we tremble.

Personal

32

co™-co"-ga, archaic name for creeks.

co"-dse, upland forest.

Co"-dse’-ko"-tha, Edge-of-the-forest.
Personal name.

go"-dseu’-gthi*, Dwellers-in-the-up-
land-forest. This was a name
given to a group of Osage Indians
who fled from their village at the
time of an overflow of the river,
and halted at a forest, there pitch-
ing their camp. This group now
dwells in what is known as Hominy,
Okla.

Co"-dse u-gthi", the upland forest,
near a village on the Wa-ge-to®
xo-e (Verdigris River). This was
the starting point of the third buf-
falo trail.

Co®-dse-u’-gthi*, Dwellers-in-upland-
forests. Personal name.

Co-dse zhi»-ga, Little Upland For-
est; this is often referred to as
Ni-hni’-bo-shta, Shooting Springs.
A camp was made in the woods,
these two places being so close
together were associated as the
location of the thirteenth camp of
both the first and second buffalo
trail.

go” -ho*, whitened animal skins; (2)
resembling white.

go’-ho® ti-tha-tha, white puffs of
smoke raised by fighters.

go"-tha’-i-tha-tha, to rock to and fro
as in a rocking-chair.

Co”-to"-ca-be, Black-dog.
name.

gta-go’, even; level; uniform; smooth.

Personal

D

da, contraction of da-do", whatever
or whomever.
da, a prefix denoting fire or the effects
of fire in its destruction.
Da, to freeze; frozen.
o"da’, I am frozen.
thi da’, you are frozen.
wa da‘i, we are frozen.
no®-ta’ tse o®-da, my ears are frozen.
no®-ta’ tse thi-da, your ears are
frozen.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

gta-i” ga-xe, persimmon preserving.
For this process a flat board two
spans long and one span wide,
made with a handle, is used.
Upon this board seeded persim-
mons are arranged in layers for
preserving. Before placing the
fruit on the board buffalo grease
is spread on it; then some three or
four layers of persimmons are put
on the drying board, which is held
over a fire until the first layer of
fruit is about cooked; then the cake
is removed and put away to cool
off. When the cake is thoroughly
cooled it is put in a parfleche pack
with others till the pack is full.
Several packs are made of these
persimmon cakes which will last
till the next season. Several fami-
lies go and camp in the woods,
even to this day, to preserve per-
simmons.
cta-i"-ge, persimmon (Diospyros vir-
giniana). This fruit was used for
food by the Osage. When ripe it
was gathered, the seeds taken out,
then dried for winter use. They
were dried on a rack made of long
woven saplings.
gta-i»’-ge hi, persimmon tree (Dio-
spyros virginiana).
gto-the’ shu, gathered them together.
A ritual expression.
cu, to cut or make a slit in a hide.
a-cu’, I cut the skin.
tha-gu’ you cut the skin.
o®-cu’ i, we cut the skin.
gu-e, foot (archaic).

da, to ask for; beg; request; solicit.
a-da’ ha, I asked for it.
tha-da’ ha, you asked for it.
o®-da’ i, we asked for it.
we’-this wit a-da, I asked for a
lariat.
we’-thi® wi? tha-da, you asked for
a lariat.
da’-a-do"-be pi-o", competent to look
after his own affairs.

LA FLESCHE]

da’ a-ga-ha, scum; any impure matter
that rises to the surface of stag-
nant water.
da’ a-mo"-ka, patience; persistence;
endurance.
da a’-a-mo®-ka, I have endurance.
da-a’-tha-mo"-ka, you have endur-
ance.
da o*-ga-mo®-ka i, we have endur-
ance.
da’-a-ki-ki, discord; controversy.
Da’-ba-dsi®, Swollen. Personal name.
Refers to the wounded buffalo in
a state of decomposition.
da’-ba-xe, to burn a cord in two.
da’-ba-xe a-the, I caused it to burn
in two.
da’-ba-xe tha-the, you caused it to
burn in two.
da’-ba-xe o-tha i,
to burn in two.
da’-bi-ce-ga-xe—da, by heat; bi-ce, to
dry; ga-xe, to make: to dry wet
clothing by either direct heat or sun.
da’-bi-ce pa-xe, I dried my clothes in
the sun.
da’-bi-ce shka-xe, you dried your
clothes in the sun.
da’-bi-ce o®-ga-xa i, we dried our
clothes by the fire.
da’-btha-ge, to be torn open by action
of heat.
da’-btha-ce a-the, I caused it to
burst open by heat.
da’-btha-ce tha-the, you caused it to
burst open by heat.
da’-btha-ce o"-tha i, we caused it to
burst open by heat.
da’-btho®, to smell something cooking
or burning.
da’-btho® u-bthi-btho2, I smell some-
thing burning.
da’-btho" u-stsi-btho.,
something burning.
da’-btho® o®-gu-thi-btho” i, we smell
something burning.
da’-cga-ge, to become hardened with
heat, as jerked meat.
ta-tho® da’-ga-ge a-the, I caused the
meat to become hardened by heat.
ta-tho® da-ca-ge tha-the, I hardened
the meat with heat.
ta-tho" da-ga-ge o®-tha i, we hard-
ened the meat with heat,

we caused it

you smell

OSAGE DICTIONARY

33

da’-ge, unawares; to attack from the
rear.
ni’-ka-shi-ga thi" da’-ce a-the, I took
the man unawares.
ni’-ka-shi-ga thi da’-ce tha-the, you
took the man unawares.
ni’-ka-shi-ga thi da-ce o®-tha i, we
took the man unawares.
da’-ce-ta-ha, in the rear; behind.
da’-ce-ta-ha a-gthi2 ha, I sat in the
rear.
da’-ce-ta-ha tha-gthi" ha, you sat in
the rear.
da’-ce ta-ha o®-gthi" i, we sat in the
rear.
da’-ce-the, to waylay; to attack from
behind; to take by surprise.
da’-ce-a-the, I waylaid him.
da’-ce-tha-the, you waylaid him.
da-ce’ o*-tha i ha, I was taken by
surprise.
da-ce’-thi-tha i ha, you are surprised.
da’-gi-ce, to harden the point of a
stick or pole by scorching it.
da’-ci-ce a-the, I hardened the point
of a stick by scorching it.
da’-ci-ce tha-the, you caused the
point of the stick to be hardened.
da’-ci-ce 0®-tha i, we caused the point
of a stick to be hardened.
da’-ci-ge, sparks that fly from burning
wood.
da’-ci-ge, to burn away; to cleanse by
heat.
da’-ci-ge a-the, I caused it to burn
away.
da’-ci-ge tha-the, you caused it to
burn away.
da’-ci-ge o®-tha i, we caused it to
burn away.
da’-ci-hi, burned yellow; smoke-tanned.
The Osage give a smoke tan to the
buffalo, elk, or deer skins to be used
for moccasins. This they do by
digging a round hole in the ground
in which they put corncobs for
making the smoke; then they sew
up the whole skin like a large bag,
which they draw over a framework
of saplings built over the hole. The
fire of corncobs is then started and
kept slowly burning till the whole
skin is smoked a dark brown,

34

da’-gi-hi, to burn a stick until it
becomes yellow.
da’-gu-da, to make the ground bare of
old grass, by burning.
da’-cu-da a-the, I made the ground
bare by burning the old grass.
da’-cu-da tha-the, you made the
ground bare by burning the old
grass.
da’-cu-da o*-tha i, we made the
ground bare by burning the old
grass.
da’-ci-hi, to cleanse with heat; to
purify. This term is frequently
found in rituals.
da’-ci-hi a-ki-the, I cleansed or puri-
fied myself with heat.
da’-ci-hi tha-ki-the, you cleansed or
purified yourself with heat.
da’-ci-hi 0®-ki-tha i, we cleansed or
purified ourselves with heat.
da’-cko", to melt; to make into a
liquid; to liquefy.
mo*’-ce-mo® da-¢ko® a-the, I melted
the lead.
mo*’-ce-mo® da-cko" tha-the, you
melted the lead.
mo -ce-mo® da-cko® o-tha i, we
melted the lead.
da-gni’-te ts’e, you will get choked
on it.
da-da’-ge, grasshopper.
da-da’-ce ga-be, cricket; black grass-
hopper.
da-da’-ge ho to"-ga,
grasshopper.
da’-da-da-ge, throwing out sparks, as
do some kinds of wood when
burning.
da’-da-tse-ga, the effect of hot water
on vegetables and other foods.
da’-do*, what, interrogation.
da’-do" a-gi-tha-da, a decree; an
order; edict; a proclamation.
da’-do® a-gtha-thi*, inheritance.
da’do® a-gthi®-ha u-tsi, superabun-
dance.
da’-do® a-no®-xthe shto® bi a, he is
secretive.
da’-do® a-thi" hi, delivery of gifts.
da’-do” ba-ha, an exhibition; an offer;
a proposal; a proposition.
bthi wi" ko®-btha e-go™ da-do®
e’-pa-ha, I made him a proposition,

great green

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

da’-do"® ba-ha—continued.
shni wi" shko®-shda e-go" ba-do"
the-shpa ha, you made him a
proposition.
da’-do®-ca-ni mo"-gthe tha bi-ge—
da’-do, whatever things; ¢a-ni,
all; mo®-gthe, to grow up; tha,
causes; bi-ge, the: The Creation.
da’-do® giu-we, economical.
da’-do® a-ciu-we, I am economical.
da’-do® tha-ciu-we, you are economi-
eal.
da’-do® 0®-giu-wa i, we are economi-
cal.
da’-do" ga-the, to donate; to give
away; to contribute.
da’-do® pa-the, I donate.
da’-do® shka-the, you donate.
da’-do" o0®-ga-tha i, we donate.
da’-do® gi-gi, to lay away a thing for
future use; economy; reservation.
da’-do® a-gi-ci, I lay away for future
use.
da’-do® tha-gi-ci, you lay away for
future use.
da’-do" o®-gi-ci i, we lay away for
future use.
da’-do® ho-i-sta-sta, various kinds of
articles.
da’-do"-i-ba-ho", a wise or learned
man.
da’ -do®-i-ba-ho® ni’-ka-shi-ga bi a,
he is a wise man.
da’-do" i-ta gi-da, to demand a
thing belonging to one’s self.
da’-do® a-gi-da, I demand.
da’-do® tha-gi-da, you demand.
da’-do® o"-gi-da i, we demand.
da’-do® i-tha-pe, to expect; to antici-
pate.
da’-do®-pi-zhi, rubbish; trash; refuse;
anything discarded.
da’-do®-shki, something.
da’-do®-shki ho®-zhi wi" e-dsi a-ka
e-zha-mi, something is wrong.
da’-do" shko® shda, what do you
want.
da’-do" to, having plenty of this
world’s goods; to be rich; wealthy.
da’-do® a-to®, I am rich, or I have
plenty.
da’-do® tha-to", you have plenty.
da’-do® 0®-to" i, we have plenty.

LA FLESCHE]

da’-do® u-gi-gtho® ga-the, to donate;
to contribute to some one or
something.
da-do*-u’-she, he has plenty; careful
not to waste.
da’-do" u-thi-bo-dse, to lavish affec-
tion; extravagant attention.
da’-do® u-bthi-bo-dse, I lavish affec-
tion.
da’-do® u-ni-bo-dse, you lavish affec-
tion.
da’-do" 0®-gu-thi-bo-dsa i, we lavish
affection.
da’-do® u-stse’-tse, what is left over;
remainder; residue.
da-do” u-tsi—da-do®, riches; u-tsi,
full of—full-of-riches: superabun-
dance.
da’-do" wa-gi-sha, spoils; plunder;
booty.
da’-do® wa-gtha-wa, the taking of an
inventory; the taking of stock.
da’-do® a-gtha-wa, I took an inven-

tory.

da’-do® tha-gtha-wa, you took an
inventory.

da’-do® o*®-gtha-wa i, we took an
inventory.

da’-do® wa-no*-she, robbery.

da’-do" wa-we-ta, property of any
kind owned by a person or persons;
an estate.

da’-do" we-thi-wi", a sale; an ex-
change of anything for a money
consideration.

da’-do" xa-tha gi-k’i, to rehabilitate.

da’-dse, the back of the head.

da’-dse tho" ni-e a-ki-pa-xe ha, I

hurt the back of my head.

da’-e tha-gthi”, dutiful; obedient.

shi*’-to zhi®-ga da’-e tha-gthi" bi a,

he is a dutiful son.

da’-e tha-gthi" a-zhi—da’-e, re-
quest; tha-gthi, good; a-zhi, not:
request-not-good, unaccommodat-
ing; (2) an unruly person; a dis-
obedient child; willful; obstinate;
forward; iniquitous; (8) intracti-

bility.
da’-e tha-gthi™ ni-a-zhi, you are
unaccommodating.

da-ga’xe, to make things; manufacture.
da-pa’-xe, I make things.
da-shka’-xe, you make things.
da-o*’-ga-xa i, we make things.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

30

da-ga’-xe pi-o" bi a, he is a good
performer.
da-ge’, to fight; engagement; dissen-
sion; battle; (2) pugilism.
a-da’-ge, I fight.
tha-da’-ge, you fight.
o®-da’-ga i, we fight.
da-ge’i-e, an angry dispute; quarrel;
altercation.
da’-ge ni’-ka-shi-ga, a pugilist.
da’-ge ni-ka-shi-ga pi-o® the do®-be
o®-cu no® a-tha, I like to see a good
pugilist.
da’-ge-shto2,
tious.
da-ge’ tse e-wo" a-ka e-e-bia, he is
the cause of the fight.
da’-gthe, slave; captive. Before the
contact with the white race the
Osage adopted the captive taken
in war. The adopted captives were
the servants of all the people, but
they were kindly treated. In per-
formance of the tribal rites the
captive is preferred as ceremonial
messenger to the Osage messenger
because the captive is the real

quarrelsome; conten-

servant.
da’-gthe ki-no", Painting of the
Captive. When a captive has

partaken of the food, which has
been kept sacred, the Sho’-ka is
given yellow clay and charcoal,
with which he ceremonially paints
the captive. His face and body
are first painted yellow; then two
black lines are drawn from the side
of the forehead diagonally across
the face to the jaw below the ear.
If the captive is taken by a Ho’-ga
the two black lines start from the
left side of the forehead; if by the
Tsi’-zhu, the lines start from the
right side. Both shoulders of the
captive are painted black, as are
his breast, hands, and feet.
da’-gthe u-k’u-pi-e, comely captive.
da’-gthe-zhe the, to print; this ex-
pression is also used to refer to
imprints made by a burning proc-
ess.
da’-gthe zhe a-the, I print.
da’-gthe-zhe tha-the, you print.
da’-gthe zhe o*®-tha i- we print.
da’ho?®, rising by heat, as light bread.

36

da’-i-ba-ho", wisdom; versed; knowl-
edge; sagacious; wise.
da’-i-ba-ho® wa-gthi® bi a, he has
great wisdom.
da’-i-ba-ho" a-zhi, ignorance; igno-
rant; lack of wisdom or learning.
da’-i-ba-ho® pi-o" hi, experienced.
da’-i-ba-ho® pi-mi"-kshe 0, I am ex-
perienced.
da’-i-ba-ho® pi-o™ she ni she o, you
are experienced.
da’-i-ba-ho® o0®-ga-hi bi 0, we are
experienced.
da’-i-ba-ho" wa-gthi" bi a, he has
great wisdom.
da’-i"-a-zhe, the failure to cook food
properly because the fire is not hot
enough.
da’-i-tha-do*®-ba bi, a person cared
for by another; a protégé.
da’-i-tha-do"-be, a guardian.

da/-i-tha-do®-be thi-ta a-ka, your
guardian.
da’-i-tha-do"-be wi-ta a-ka, my
guardian.

da’-i-the, discourse.
da’-i-the tha-gthi" xtsi ga-xa bi o, he
made a fine discourse.
da’-ka-dse, hot.
da’-ka-dse i-tho"-be, scarlatina.
da’-ko®, light; luminous.
da’-ko® cka, white light; incandescent.
da’-ko"-ga-xe, to make a bright light;
to illuminate.
da’-ko®-pa-xe, I made a bright light.
da’-ko"® shka-xe, you made a bright
light.
da’-ko" 0®-ga-xa i, we made a bright
light.
da’-ko® i-ga-xe, flambeau; torch.
da’-ko" i-ga-xe tse i-tha-the, I saw
the light on the torch.
da’-ko®-i-the, radiant; refulgent.
Da’-ko"-mo"-i", Walks-in-the-fire-
light. Personal name.
da’-pa, disk; round; globular; orbic-
ular; rotund.
da’-po-ki, to explode; percussion.
wa-hu-to®-the a-ka da’-po-ki bi a,
the gun exploded.
da’-shi-zhe, to blunt an arrow, for
small game, by burning the end.
da’-shi-zhe a-the, I made the arrow
blunt by burning.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

_ [BULL, 109

da’-shi-zhe—continued.
da’-shi-zhe tha-the, you made the
arrow blunt by burning.
da’-shki we-thi-wi", a salesman of
miscellaneous goods, as in a gen-
eral store.
da’-shta, to singe; to scorch.
da’stsu-dse, radiate.
da’-stsu-stsu-dse, a mirage.
pare u-da’-bthu-bthu-e.)
mo®-xe da’-stsu-stsu-dse to®-be ha,
I saw a mirage.
mo®-xe da’-stsu-stsu-dse shto®-be ha,
you saw & mirage.
da’-tha-gthi", decency; propriety in
conduct, speech.
da-thi’-ka-dse, you are feverish.
da’-thi"-ge ga-xe, to make to burn;
incinerate; to reduce to ashes.
da’-thi-ge pa-xe, I reduced it to

(Com-

ashes.
da’-thi-ge shka-xe, you reduced it
to ashes.
da’-thi"-ge o®-ga-xa i, we reduced it
to ashes.
da’thu-ts’a-ge, inability; lack of

power to do a thing.
da’-tse-ga, wilted; withered.
da’-ts’i"-tha, to become shriveled up
from heat.
da’ u-i-e, dispute.
da’-wa ga-xa—da-wa, efforts; ga-xa,
excel—superior; efforts-superior;
preeminence.
da-we-gi -do®-be, a guardian of things.
da’-wi"-xe, faggot; firebrand; a torch.
da’-xia tha, to burn a tree until it falls.
da’-xthi be, to boil meat till tender.
da-xthi’-be pa-xe, I boiled it till
tender.
da-xthi’-be shka-xe, you boiled it
till tender.
da-xthi’-be o®-ga-xa i, we boiled it
till tender.
da’-xthi", flames from a fire.
da’-xthi*, to scald; to scorch; to burn.
da’-xthu-dse, to burn the bark off a
tree.
da’-xu-we, the simmering sound in a
kettle when fat is cooking.
da‘-zhi, to extinguish a fire.
pe’-dse bthi-da-zhi ha, I extinguished
the fire.

LA FLESCHE]

da’-zhi—continued.

pe’-dse ni-da-zhi ha, you extin-
guished the fire.
pe’-dse o*-thi-da-zhi i, we extin-

guished the fire.
da’-zhu-dse, crimsoned or reddened
by heat.
do, potato. Before the Irish potato
was introduced by traders, the
Osage used a wild potato which
tastes like sweet potato. When
the Irish potato became known to
the Osage they applied to it the
name ‘‘do”’ (Glycine apios). The
“do” is mentioned in one of the
tribal rituals as a sacred food.
(Om. nu.)
do’-ba, some; a part of.
do’-ba a-bthi® a tho, I have some.
do’-ba, four.
tse’-cka do-ba wa-bthi, I have four

cattle.
Do’-ba-mo"-thi., Walk-by-fours.
Personal name. Refers to the

habit of the buffalo walking in
groups of four.

do’-ba o®-tha, to deduct; to take from.

do’-ba a-zhi—do-ba, four; a-zhi, scat-
tered about: four spot in a deck of
cards.

do’-bi-o", the fourth time, or four
times.

do’-ce ga-be, the black loon.

do’-cgka, white potatoes. Irish po-
tatoes.
do’-cka tse ba-a-zha-be, I pared the
potatoes.

do’-cka tse ba-tha-zha be, you pared
the potatoes.

do’-cka tse ba-tha-zha-ba i, we pared
the potatoes.

do’-cka u-tha ni kshe 0, you are
planting potatoes.

do’-g¢ka we-ga-xto® wa-ho-stsa wi?
a-xtsi shko®-shta, you want a
peck of potatoes.

do’-cka we-ga-xto" wa-ho-stsa wi®
a-xtsi ko®-btha, I want a peck of
potatoes.

do’-cka u-wa-zhu mi kshe o, I am
planting white potatoes.

do’-cka tse ba-tha-zha-be, you pared

the potatoes,

OSAGE DICTIONARY

37

do-giu’, armpits.
do’-gkiu, hiccup.
do’-ckiu mo" ha, I have the hic-

cups.
do’-ckiu zho" ha, you have the hic-
cups.
Do’-gkiu-e ga-xa, Sweet potato

branch; sometimes called Ni-u-zhu
(Neosho); Spring River.
Do’-gkiu ga-xa ke a-shka dsi a-gthi2,
I live near Spring River.
do’-da, in this direction.
do’-da gi-o, come this way.
do-do”, to go to war.
do-do*’bthe, I go to war.
do-do*’ne-ha, you go to war.
do-do” o0®-ga-tha i, we go to war.
do-do”™ -hi"-to"-ga, a large war party.
do-do” hi*-to"-ga wa-tse’-gthi®,
war party composed of all the
warriors of the tribe and returning
victorious. (One of the o’-do.)
do-do™ hi®-to"-ga wa-ga-xthi, strik-
ing the enemy while with a large
war party. (One of the o’-do2.)
do-do”’stse, you go to war.
do-do”™ tha bi tho® shki, when they
go to war.
dsa’-pa, short.
do’-dse, throat; gullet.
do’-dse-ha, glutton; gourmand.
do’-dse-i-ba, mumps.
do’-dse ni-e, diphtheria.
do’-dse ni-e, sore throat; laryngitis.
do’-dse 02-ni-e, I have a sore throat.
do’-dse thi-ni-e, you have a sore
throat.
do’-dse-ta-xe, Adam’s
knob on the throat.
do’ -dse-to"-ga—do’-dse, throat; to®-
ga, big: the pelican. In the Osage
tribal rites the pelican is a symbol
of long life and old age. Splinters
of the wing bone of the pelican
were used in tattooing ceremonies
for pricking the skin to let in the
pigments. (See mo-thi™ the do2-
ts’a-ge.)
do’-dse u-ga-wa, the muscles of the
throat. (From a ritual.)
do’-dse u-stsi"-ge, you took him by
the throat.
do’-dse-xi-be, the windpipe.

apple; the

38

do-ga’, the male. A ritual expression.

Do-ge’, summer.

do-ge’-dsi, last summer.

a-gthe’ ha, do-ge a-dsi, I went home
last summer.

do-ge’-do", in the summer time; (2)
during the summer.

Do’-gthe, Psoralea esculenta Pursh,
commonly called “ppomme blanche”
by the whites. The root is
gathered in large quantities by
the women. It is eaten raw or cut
into slices and dried for winter use.
When dried it is nearly as hard as
wood. The dried do’-gthe is al-
ways boiled, with meat of some
kind, in preparing it to be eaten.
It forms one of the staple foods of
the people. The Omahas and
Poneas call it nu’-gthe, and use it
in the same manner as do the
Osage. This root is still used
for food by these tribes.

do’-ghte to*-a—do-gthe, pomme
blanche; to®-a, big: turnip.

do’-gthe-zhu-e—do’-gthe, pomme
blanche; zhu-e, red: beet.

do’-gthe-zhu-e, radish.
do’-gthe zhu-e o®-gu no® a-tha, I
like radishes.

do’-ka, damp; wet; moist.

ci te do’-o"-ka ha, my feet are wet.
gi te do’-thi-ka a(?) are your feet
wet?

do-k’e shi a(?) have you been to
dig potatoes?

do®, a.

do*, because; when; did.

do®, such a place.

do", were.

Do®-a-bi, Looked-upon; Gazed-upon.

Female personal name. Refers to
the sun.

Do’®-ba-bi, Seen-by-all. Female per-
sonal name.

do*-be, to see; to perceive; to scruti-
nize; to watch.
a’-to®-be, I watched over him.
a’-shto®-be, you watched over him.
o*’-ga-do"-ba i, we watched over
him.
do”’-be, to see.
wa-to”’-be, I saw them.
wa-shto”’-be, you saw them.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

do” -be go"-ce’-go", alike; look alike;
similar.
do”’-be go®-ce-go® bi a, wa-u no®-ba
a-ka, the women look alike.
do”-be tha-gthi® a zhi, eyesore;
anything disagreeable to the eye
to look upon.
do”™-be the-the, to see at a distance;
farsighted. ,
to»’-be the-a-the, I am farsighted.
shto”’-be the-tha-the, you are far-
sighted.
o"-do’-be the-o"-tha i, we are far-
sighted.
do” -be xtsi, ocular; pertaining to the
eye; (2) to look at a person with
contempt or disgust.
Do®-do"-ba, Seen-from-time-to-time.
Female personal name.
do®-he’, decent, clean—of good char-
acter.
do®-he, following requirements of mar-
ried life. A man who has followed
all the requirements of a married
life must first have purchased his
wife, either through his father or
by some near relative who had the
care of him; second, he must by
his own efforts have set up a
house for himself and supported
himself and family; third, he must
have had children and grandchil-
dren. He must have purchased
a wife for his son; he must have
sold a daughter, and have had
her married publicly. Only when
he has had grandchildren is he
allowed to call himself Do®-he or
allow others to do so. One man
spoke of himself as Do™-he’; the
other man said, ‘‘ You are not yet
Do*-he, but you are coming near
to it. You were not married ac-
cording to the usages of the tribe,
but in the secret depths of the
tall grasses and among the shad-
ows of the leaves of the trees;
nobody knew about your marriage.
However, by your own efforts you
set up a house and have sup-
ported yourself and the woman
you call your wife; you have en-
tertained, freely, both men and
women of prominence and ele-

f
fi

LA FLESCHE]

do*-he—continued.
vated yourself in that way. You
now have a son and a daughter;
both are to be married; you will
marry them off according to our
old-time custom. They will have
children; then, and not till then,
you may call and be called Do?®-he,
and not be flattered.”
do”’-he, generous.
do”’-he a-ka tho®-zha wa-xpa’ thi®
a bo, he is generous but poor.
do*-he’ a-zhi", to think well of a
person.
do®-he’ a-a-zhi", I think well of him.
do®-he’ a-tha-zhi", you think well of

him.
do®-he’ o*-ga-zhi® i, we think well
of him.
do”-ka, short or stubby, as a bear’s
tail.

do’-stse-dse—do, potato; stse-dse,
long: the sweet potato.
do-zha’-the, rotten; putrefied; decom-
posed. (See xthi-ba’the.)
she’ a-ka xthi-ba-tha bi a, the apple
is rotten.
dsa’-pa, short; a short man; anything
not long.
dse, a lake; small inland body of water.
dse’-do®-k’o"-ha-kshe, shore of a
lake.
dse’-do®-k’o®-ha-kshe a-a-mo®-bthi2,
I walked on the shore of the lake.
dse’-do®-k’o"-ha-kshe a’-tha-mo®-ni,
you walked on the shore of the
lake.
dse’-do®-k’o®-ha-kshe 02-ga-mo®-thi"
i, we walked on the shore of the
lake.
Dse ga-xa, Lake Branch; Little Pond
Creek, Okla.
dse ko™-ha, the edge of the lake.
dse’-the, to kindle the fire.
dse’-a-the, I kindled the fire.
dse’-tha-the, you kindled the fire.
dse-o®’-tha i, we kindled the fire.
Dse thi»-kshe, Big Lake. An addi-
tional 20 miles had been traveled
when the trail (the third) reached
this place where they camped,
which was the fifth camp in the
third buffalo trail.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

39

dse’-to"-ko®-ha, littoral; shore of the
lake.

dse u’-cko"-cka dsi, in the middle of
the lake.

Dse u’-ga-gi-xe, a long crooked lake.
The twelfth camp of the first trail,
also the site of the twelfth camp
of the second trail. The Osage
name for Crooked Lake, Okla.

Dse’ u-xthu-xtha, deep pond on a
branch of the Caney River, Okla.

dsi, there, designating place.

dsi*-tha’ to"-ga, a great butterfly.
This is used as a symbol of the
Ho”’-ga U-ta-no"-dsi gens.

dsi-o”’-dsi-o", a butterfly.

dsi-o”-dsi-o" wa-po-ga, the owl but-
terfly.

dsiu’-dse, ripe; mature; as applied to
fruit and grain.

ko»’-dse xo-dse a-ba dsiu-da bi 0, the
plum is ripe.

dsiu’-the, ragged; worn out; frayed;
shabby.

o»-dsiu’-a-tha, I am: ragged.

thi-dsiu’-a-tha, you are ragged.

wa-dsiu’-a-tha, we are ragged.

(Compare btha-btha-ce.)

dso’-ba-no"-the ga-xe, to do or make

a little at a time.

dso’-ba-no®-the pa-xe, I do a little at
a time.

dso’-ba-no®-the shka-xe, you do a
little at a time.

dso’-ba-no®-the o®-ga-xa i, we do a
little at a time.

dsu’-ba, few; scant; not sufficient.

dsu’-ba e-go*-ga-xe, to reduce the
amount; to lessen.

dsu’-ba e-go" pa-xe, I reduced the
amount.

dsu’-ba e-go" shka-xe, you reduced
the amount.

dsu’-ba e-go" 0®-ga-xa i, we reduced
the amount.

dsu-da-zhi, unripe or uncooked; ap-
plied to fruit.

dsu’-dsa-zhi e-go", rare; not well
done.

dsu’-dse, cooked well done.

dsu’-dse, mellow; softened with ripe-
ness.

~

40

du’-ba, some.
du’-da thi*-kshe, the one sitting on
this side.

e, to say.
e-pshe, I say.
e-she, you say.
e-o"-gi-tho™ i, we said.

e, those (as those apples; those things).

e, he, she, it, or that.

e-a’-wa-kshe, that is what I meant.

B-a’-wa-wo", the cause of our being;
another name for Wa-ko»’-da.

e-be’a, who is it?

e’-cka, in truth. j

e’-gko", an expression used when pro-
voked, causing a desire to strike.

e’-de, one that is.

e’-di, a, indefinite article.

e-do", when. This term is frequently
found in rituals.

e-do”™, therefore.

e-dsi’, there.

e-dsi’‘mo®-thi", go there.

e-dsi, ha, thither.

e-dsi’-hi, when that happens; when I
get there.

e-dsi hi’ a(?) did he arrive at that
place?

e-dsi’-to", thence; from that place.

e-dsi’ to"-do®, from that time.

e-dsi’ to" the-the, thenceforth.

e-dsi’ zhi the thi®-ge, one who is
never absent.

e-e’ tho, it is that.

e-e’ -ki-ka-xe—e-e’, person; ki-ka-xe,
look like: look like a person; to
personate; personation.

e-e’-wa-tho"-a-do", because of that,
for that reason.

e’-gi-o, to do so.

e’-gi-o®-no®, usage; custom.

e-gi-pi-o", adapted; accustomed or
used to.

e’-gi-pi-mo", I am accustomed to it.

e’-gi-shpi-zho", you are accustomed
to it.

e’-a-wa-gi-pi-o" i, we are accustomed
to it.

e’-gi-wa-gi-k’o", revenge; injury for
injury received; retaliation of one
tribe on another tribe.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

EK

[BULL, 109

du’-da -thi-sho®, on this side.
du’-da to*, the one standing on this
side.

e’-gi wa-o", he does so to them.

e-go", verily; very.

ego" a-zhi e-cko", improbable.

e’-go"-gi-k’o", retaliation of one indi-
vidual upon another.

e’-go" i" da, it is so.

e’-go" gi-k’o" ga-go" a-ka—e-go",
like; gi-k’o", back again; ga-co,
scold; a-ka, the act of—the-act-
like-scolding-back-again: recrimi-
nation.

e’-go" he-bthe, I think it is true.

e’-go" no" bi a tha, they usually do.

e’-go"-sho®-sho® e, invariable.

e’-go" thi"-ge, nothing like it.

mo*-zho" the-ga’-ha e-go" thi®-ge

a-tho, there is nothing like it in the
land.

e’-go" tho"-ta zhi, impossible; futile;
done in vain; of no avail; useless.

e’-go" tho"-tse—e-go®, like; tho™-dse,
perhaps: possible.

bthe’ tho®-tse a-tho, it is possible I

can go.
stse’ tho™-tse a-tho, it is possible you
can go.
o*-ga’-the tho-tse a-tho, it is possible
we can go.
e’-go" tho®-zha, nevertheless; how-
ever.

e-go"™-xtsi, exact; precise; downright;
(2) real; in reality.

e’-go® xtsi zhi, not exact; imperfect.

e’-go" xti e-wa-tha-ke, you meant it.

e-go” zhi kshi-the, injustice.
e-g0"-zhi u-tha-ge, to make a false
statement; to misrepresent.
she’ thi2-ke i-e-go"-zhi u-btha-ge
mi®-kshe, I made a false statement.
i’-e-go®-zhi u-sta-ge bi a, you made a
false statement.
i’-e-go™-zhi o*-gu-tha-gi o" ga-to,
we made a false statement.
e’-hiu, an elm tree.

E-hiu’-gthe, Elm Creek, a branch of
Beaver Creek, Okla. It was the
site of the eighth camp in the
second trail.

LA FLESCHE]

E-hiu-gthe, Elm-creek. Personal
name. ‘This was given in honor of
a father who was killed at this
place. ‘

e’-hiu hi*-dse ni-shtu-shtu, slippery
elm.

e’-ki-a, said to one another.

e-ki’-ge, to say to one another.

e’-ki-pa, returning to the same place.

e’-ki-tha-bthi*, corresponding in num-
bers; equal in numbers.
e’-ki-the, he thought of himself.
e’-ki-tho"-ba, together; they too; they
also.
zhu-ki-gthe a-tha i-ha e-ki-tho®-ba
xtsi, they went together.

e-no" a’-ba-co®, special.

e’-no"® bi no®*, spoken of (as words).
Term used in rituals.

E-no”’-do®-a-bi, Only-one-seen-by-all.
Female personal name. Refers to
the sun.

e-no” -gi-tha-bi, the fourth daughter,
the favorite.

e’no"-ha, as many as there are.

E-no*”-mi"®-dse-to", Sole-owner-of-
the-bow. Personal name. Refers
to the man selected to make the
bows and arrows symbolic of day
and night.

E-no”™ Mi"-dse-to", Exclusive owners
of the bow. Refers to its office of
making the ceremonial bow and
arrows that symbolize night and
day. A subgens of the Ho’-I-ni-
ka-shi-ga gens; acts as Sho’-ka to
both itself and the gens.

E-no”™-mi"-dse-to" Wi-gi-e,
of the Bow gens.

e-no" tha’gthi®, first class; (2) that
only is good.

e-no" u-ko”™-dsi, to except; exclude;
leave out.

e-no® u-ko’-dse bthi dsi-ge ha, I
left it out.

e-no® u-ko®-dsi u-he tha-tha zhi, you
excluded him.

e-no”’-xtsi, he, she, or it alone.

e’-pa-ce, to stay over for a day; to
tarry.

e’-a-pa-ce, I tarried.
e’-tha-pa-ce, you tarried.
0"-ga’-pa-ca i, we tarried.

ritual

OSAGE DICTIONARY

41

e’-pshe i* da, I have said.
e’-pshe no?, that I had spoken of.
e’-she do, you have said.
e-shki’, he, she, or it too.
e’-shki, even (God).
e-sho"’, near; close to.
e-ta’, thitherward; toward the person.
e-ta’-o-ba-he—e-ta, in that time;
o-ba-he, following—pertaining to;
having reference to.
e’-ta pa-mo*-gthe, with heads in-
clined in that direction.
e’-ta-pa-gthe, he lay with his head
in that direction.
e-ta’-thi-sho", in the direction of;
toward.
to™-wo" tho" e-ta -thi-sho" bthe, I
go toward the village.
to®’-wo" tho® e-ta’-thi-sho" ne ha,
you go toward the village.
to®’-wo® tho" e-ta’-thi sho" o-ga
the, we go toward the village.
e-ta u’-ga-xthe, facing in that direc-
tion.
e’-the, to think.
e’-gi-bthe, I think.
e’-gi-stse, you think.
e’-tho"-ba, he also.
e’-tho"-ba, of these two divisions.
Ritual term.
e’-tho®-be, rises and appears.
term.
e’-tho"-cka, to fit.
ho®-be’ tho® e-o2-tho®-cka mo-zhi
ha, my moccasins do not fit.
ho®-be’ thi-ta tho" e-thi-tho™-g¢ka ha,
your moccasins fit.
e-o”’-tho®-cka, it fits me.
e’-thi-tho®-¢ka, it fits you.
e-a’-wa tho®-¢ka i, it fits us.
e’tho"-zha, even though this be true;
nevertheless.
e’-to", even to them.
e’-to"-ha, the same height.
ni-ka’ no®-ba she a-ka go®-ce ki to®-
ha bi a, the two men are the same
height.
e’-o2-to®-ha, he is as tall as I am.
e-thi-to®-ha, he is as tall as you are.
e’-a’-wa-to®-ha i, he is as tall as we
are.
e’-to"-ha, distance; equal distance.
e’-wa-gi-tho®, he said it to them.

Ritual

42 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

e’-wa-ka, to mean; to have in mind.
i> da-do® e’-wa-tha-ke tse a-no™-
bthis, I do not know what you
mean.
e’-go®-xti e-a-wa-ke, I mean it.
e’-go®-xti e-wa-tha-ke, you mean it.
e’-wa-ke, he means that.
e’-wa-ke thi®-ge, it has no meaning.
e’-wa-kshe, he means that.
e-wa’-zhi", voluntarily; of his own

volition.

e-wa’ -zhi*-no"-ge—e-wa’-zhi*, of its
own volition; no*™-ge, runs: an
automobile.

e-wa’-zhi®-no"-ge wi" a-bthi™ ha, I
have an automobile.
e-wa’-zhi®-no™-ge wi" a-ni, you have
an automobile.
e-wa’ -zhi"-po-e—e-wa’-zhi", of its
own volition; po-e, ignites: the
Osage word for gas. (This word
is also used for electric lights.)
e-wa’-zhi®-po-e wi-u-tha-ho® no? bia,
you cook with gas.
e-wa’zhi® po-e pe-dse o®-tho® ga-xe
no® bi a, we burn gas.
e-wa’-zhi" po-e ni-hni, gas well.
e-wa’-zhi® po-e ni-hni wi? mo®-zho®
tho®-di a-bthi* ha, a gas well is on
my land.
e’-wo", motive; reason for doing a
thing.
e’-wo®-thi", by his power (motive).
e’-wo" a-ka, the causer; one who
caused the mischief.
wi-e’-wa-mo®, I was the cause of it.
thi-e’-wa-zho", you were the cause of
it.

G

ga, thus.
ga, by blows.
ga, these grasses. A ritual expression.
ga, these; the playgrounds. A ritual
expression.
ga, him.
ga, in this.
ga, that.
ga-a’-ki-gtha-sho", blown over by
the wind.
u-thi’-to®-tha ke ga-a-ki-gtha sho»,
the wagon was blown over.

A ritual expression.

[BULL, 109

e’-wo® a-ka—continued.
o®-gu’ 0®-wa i, we are the cause of it.
e’-xtsi-e, identical; the same.
e’-zha-mi i* da, I believe.
e’-zhi, not that kind.
e’-zhi-gka, not the right kind.
e’-zhi ga-xe, to make different.
e’-zhi pa-xe, I made different.
e’-zhi shka-xe, you made different.
e’-zhi o®-ga-xa i, we made different.
E’-zhi-ga-xthi, Slew-the-wrong-man.
Personal name.
e’-zhi ki-ka-xe, to disguise one’s self.
e’-zhi a-ki-pa-xe ha, I disguised my-
self.
e’-zhi tha-ki-shka-xe ha, you dis-
guised yourself.
e’-zhi-no"-the, a variety; an assort-
ment.
e’-zhi-no®-the a-bthi" ha wa-no®-
pit te, I have a variety of neck-
laces.
ha-xi®’ te a-zhi-no*-the xtsi a-ni ha,
you have a good assortment of
blankets.
e’-zhi-no®-the xtsi, a great variety.
e’-zhi-no®-tho", diverse; miscellane-
ous.
e-zhi o-ko™-dsi, separate; distinct;
belonging to another class.
e’-zhi u-gi-no" zhit kshi-the, a
substitute.
e’-zhi wi u-k’o” he, in the place of
another; instead.
e’-zhi xtsi, singular; unlike.
e’-zhi-zhi-gka, not the right kind.

ga-a’-thi-ko", a boat being tilted to
one side by the waves.
ga-ba’-ts’i, to strike a blow and
cause one to bow his head.
ga-ba’-xe, to break a string by striking
with a stick.
a’-ba-xe, I break a string with a
stick.
tha’-ba-xe, you break a string with
a stick.
o"-ga’-ba-xa i, we broke the string
with a stick.

LA FLESCHE]

ga-bi’-ce, the drying of the ground,
the tent, or articles of clothing by
action of the wind.
ha-xi®” tho® ga-bi-ce a-gi-the ha, I
dried my blanket in the wind.
ha-xi® tho" ga-bi-ce tha-gi-the ha,
you dried your blanket in the
wind.
ga-btha’-btha-zhe, the running of a
horse at full speed.
ga-btha’-ce, to burst, or cause to rip
open by falling, a sack of any-
thing.
ga-btha’-ce a-the ha, u-zhi ha ke, I
burst the sack.
ga-btha’-ce tha-the ha u-zhi ha ke,
you burst the sack.
ga-btha’-ce o*-tha i u-zhi ha ke, we
burst the sack.
go-btha’-cka, to flatten out by ham-
mering.
a’-btha-cka, I flattened it by ham-
mering.
tha’-btha-cka, you flattened it by
hammering.
o*-ga’-btha-c¢cka i, we flattened it by
hammering.
ga-btha’-zhe, to sit Turk fashion, as
a tailor.
ga-btha’-zhe a-gthi® ha ki-ku tse-dsi,
I sit Turk fashion at a feast.
ga-btha’-zhe tha-gthi ha ki-ku tse-
dsi, you sit Turk fashion at a
feast. ;
ga-btha’-zhe o®-gthi® i-ha ki-ku tse-
dsi i, we sit Turk fashion at a

feast.
ga-bthi’-zhe, to knock one down with
the fist.
a’-bthi-zhe, I knocked him down with
my fist.

tha’-bthi-zhe, you knocked him down
with your fist.
o®-ga’-bthi-zha i, we knocked him
down with the fist.
ga-btho”, a pleasing fragrance, car-
ried by the winds.
ga-ca’-cga-be, to whip with a switch
or a quirt; to thrash.
a’-ca-ga-be, I whip with a switch.
tha’-ga-ga-be, you whip with a
switch.
o"-ga’-ca-ca-ba i, we whip with a
switch.
67025 —32——4

OSAGE DICTIONARY

43

ga-ca’-da hi-zho", prostrate, as to
spread out flat from a fall.
o®-a’-ga-da hi-zho®, I fell prostrate.
thi-a’-ga-da hi-zho*, you fell pros-
trate.
ga-ga’ dse, hair thinned with age, as
a person’s hair begins to fall out.
ga-ga‘-gi, to give a stunning blow; to
knock down; to thrash or kill; to
stun.
a’-ca-gi, I gave a stunning blow.
tha’-ca-gi, you gave a stunning blow.
o°-ga’-ca-i, we gave a stunning blow.
ga-ce, to cut by a striking blow.
it-dse’ tho" ’a-ce gthe ha, I cut his

face.
in-dse’ tho" tha-ce gthe ha, you cut
his face.
in-dse’ tho" o®-ga-ce gtha i, we cut
his face.
ga-gi, the game of shinny; ball game;
lacrosse.
ga-ci'-ge, to throw with a quick

movement; to toss; to hurl.
a’-ci-ge, I hurled it.
tha’-ci-ge, you hurled it.
o®-ga’-ci-ga i, we hurled it.
ga-cke’-be, to scrape, as bits of flesh
from a green hide.
ga-cki’-ga zhi, indefatigable;
easily tired.
ga-cki’-ge, tedious; wearisome; lassi-
tude; fatigue; to be weary; ex-
hausted.
ga-cki’-t’e, he died of exhaustion.
ga-cki-tha-t’e te ha, you might die
of exhaustion.
o»-a’-cki-ge, I am weary (from run-
ning).
thi-a’-cki-ge, you are weary (from
running).
wa-cki-ga i, we are weary (from run-
ning).
ga-co"’, censure; abuse; reprimand; to
scold.
a’-co", I scold or censure.
tha’-go", you scold or censure.
o”ga’-co® i, we scold or abuse.
ga-co"’-gi, a maiden; a virgin.
ga-co"-dse, to braid; to weave; to
plait.
a’-co"-dse, I weave.
tha’-go"-dse, you weave.
o"-ga’-co"-dsa i, we weave.

not

44

ga-co"’-i2, the morrow; dawn of an-
other day.
ga-co"-i> do", to-morrow; some time.
ga-co™ -i"-xtsi, early morning.
ga-co"-i xtsi wa-no*-bthe,
morning meal; breakfast.
ga-co”-i® xtsi zhi*-ga, early in the
morning; when the morning is
young or little.
ga-co”’-i® xtsi wa-zhi®-ga a-ba hu-to"
shna bi a, the birds sing early in
the morning.
ga-co™ thi te she-to® o*-tho"pa
gs ha, wait for me till to-morrow.
ga-co” thi" te she-to™ 0*-tho®-a-pa
ga ha e-di hi o*-ga-the ta-te ha,
wait for me till to-morrow, then
we will go.
ga-cpe’, clear, as clear water, free
from mud; limpid.
ni ke ga’-cpe, the water is clear.
ga-cta’, to beat or hammer metal.
mo”-ce cka tse a-cta ha, I ham-
mered the silver.
mo”’-ce gi te tha-cta ha, you ham-
mered the gold.
ga-cu’-gu-e, rustling of footsteps.
ga-cu’-the, sounding a rattle with a
stroke.
a‘-cu-the, I sounded the rattle.
tha’-gu-the, you sounded the rattle.
o®-ga’-cu-tha i, we sounded the rattle.
ga-da-da’-pa, to cut a log into short
pieces.
a’-da-da-pa, I cut the log into short
pieces.
tha’-da-da-pa, you cut the log into
short pieces.
o®-ga’-da-da-pa i, we cut the log into
short pieces.
ga-da’-dse, miry; boggy; marsh mire.
Ga-da’-dse ga-xa, Miry Creek; Mud
Creek, Okla.
ga-da’-ts’e-ga, the action of the wind
upon meat that is hanging up,
partly dried.
ga-da’-da-xe, to knock at the door.
tsi’zhe-be-te a-da-da-xe, I knocked
at the door.
tsi’-zhe-be-te tha-da-da-xe,
knocked at the door.
tsi’-zhe-be-te o"-ga-da-da-xa i, we
knocked at the door.

early

you

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

ga-da’-xe, to drench; to saturate; to
soak through.
ni-zhu’ wa-gthit ha o®-da’-xe, the
rain drenched me.
o»-a’-da-xe, I am drenched.
thi-a’-da-xe, you are drenched.
ga-da’-zhe, smallpox. (See zhu-dse
zhi-a.)
ga-da’-zhe, to blister the hands by.
the use of tools.
a’-da-zhe, I blistered my hand using
a tool.
tha’-da-zhe, you blistered your hand
using tools.
o®-ga’-da-zha i, we blistered our
hands using tools.
ga-da’-zhi, to extinguish a fire by
beating it with wet cloths.
a’-da-zhi, I extinguished the fire
with a wet cloth.
tha’-da-zhi, you extinguished the fire
with a wet cloth.
o®-ga’-da-zhi, we extinguished the fire
with a wet cloth.
ga-dsi’, to hoe snow away from around
the house.
a’-dsi, I hoed away the snow.
tha’-dsi, you hoed the snow.
o®-ga’-dsi i, we hoed the snow.
ga-dsi’-ce, to scrape; to sweep away
bits of wood.
a’-dsi-ce, I swept away pieces of
wood.
tha’-dsi-ce, you swept away pieces of
wood.
o®-ga’-dsi-ca i, we swept away pieces
of wood.
ga-dsi™, across; at right angles with.
Ga-dsi™-gthi-tho", Crosses. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the hungry
calf who runs across in front of the
mother to stop her.
ga-dsi” -op-she—ga-dsi", crosswise;
op-she, a modification of the word
tha-pshe, to bite and carry in the
mouth: bridle bit.
ga-dsi™” op-she i-ko®-the, a bridle
rein.
ga-dsi™ tha-pshe, a bridle bit.
ga-dsi" tha-pshe i-ko"-the—ga-dsi®
tha-pshe, bridle bit; i-ko®-the,
strap—bridle-bit-strap: rein.

LA FLESCHE]

ga-dsu’-xe, to sweep with a broom;
swept.
a’-dsu-xe, I sweep.
tha’-dsu-xe, you sweep.
o®-ga’-dsu-xa i, we sweep.
tsi tse a-dsu-xe, I swept the house.
ga’-ge, these.
ga’-gi-e, to say to another.
ga-gi'-gi-dse, swaying from side to
side, as the running of a man.
ga-gi -xe, to strike; to disfigure.
a’-gi-xe, I disfigured him.
tha’-gi-xe, you disfigured him.
o®-ga’-gi-xa i, we disfigured him.
ga’-go®, in this manner.
ga-go", to hew or cut pieces of wood
into shape for use.
a’-go", I hew.
tha’-go", you hew.
o®-ga’-go" i, we hew.
zho® ke a’-go®, I hew the wood.
zho® ke tha’-go®, you hew the wood.
zho® ke o®-ga’-go" i, we hew the

wood.
ga’-go"-do", when this was done, or
being done; therefore; then.

(From a ritual.)
ga-go”-e-tho, that is all.
ga-go” no® shki-do"™—ga-go", this

manner; no®, usually; shki-do?,
alone—usually-this-manner-alone:
sufficient.

ga-gtha’, to make one’s hair become
undone by accident.
ga-gthe’-ce, showing the outline of
the ribs.
ga-gthe’-zhe, the act of putting out
a fire by striking with a wet
blanket.
a’-gthe-zhe, I put the fire out with a
wet blanket.
tha’-gthe-zhe, you put the fire out
with a wet blanket.
o”’-ga’-gthe-zha i, we put the fire out
with a wet blanket.
ga-gtho” -tha, failure to knock a man
down by striking him.
a’-gtho®-tha, I failed to knock him

down.

tha’-gtho*-tha, you failed to knock
him down.

o®-ga’-gtho"-tha i, we failed to knock
him down.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

45

ga-gtho™-thi", to knock a person
senseless.
a’-gtho®-thit, I knocked him sense-
less.
tha’-gtho®-thi®,
senseless.
o®-ga’-gtho»-thi i, we knocked him
senseless.
ga-ha’-ha, swinging up and down to
the rhythm of the waves.
ga-he’-xpa, the small branches of a

you knocked him

tree.
Ga-hi’-ga-zhi, Not-a-chief. Personal
name. Could not be chosen as a

chief because his gens believes in
war.

ga-hi’-ge, the great one; the chief.

ga-hi’-ge o*-tha bi o, the chief was
removed from his office.

Ga-hi’-ge-no"-zhi", Standing-chief.
Personal name. So named on
account of position of the chief,
permanent, chosen to represent a
division.

Ga-hi'-ge-tha-gthi", Good-chief.
Personal name. Refers to one
who promotes peace among the
men.

Ga-hi’-ge-to", Standing-chief.
sonal name.

Ga-hi'-ge-to"-ga, Big-chief. Personal
name. Refers to the high position
of the hereditary chief.

ga-hi’-ge ts’e-the, the murder of a
chief.

ga-gi-ge u-wa’-to*, the second chief.
This is a modern term, originated
since the removal of the Osage
from Kansas to their present
reservation in the early seventies.
Before that time the Osage were
governed by two hereditary chiefs
with no second chiefs.

Ga-hi’-ge-xtsi, Real-chief.
name.

Ga-hi-ge-zhi"-ga, Young-chief.
sonal name.

ga-hi’-tha, an object blown by the
wind, or driven by the current of
a stream.

o®-a’-hi-tha, I was blown by the
wind.

thi-a’-hi-tha, you were blown by the
wind.

Per-

Personal

Per-

46

ga-hiu’-dse, to strike close to the roots
of a tree when cutting it down.
ga-ho’-sho"-u-ha, to strike with a
sudden shock; to cause one to fall
down or forward.
ga i-a’-xa, covering being blown off a
child by the wind.
ha-xi” tho” ga-i-a’-xa i ha zhi®-ga
zhi®-ga ke, the blanket was blown
off the baby.
ga-i"’-ba-zhi, failure to chop wood
because the ax is dull.
ga-ka’a’-xe, to make a grating sound
by striking on metal.
ga-ke’-tha, clouds blown by the wind
making the sky clear.
ga-ki’-tha-ha, to separate by force.
(See thi-ki-tha-ha.)
a’-ki-tha-ha, I separate by force.
tha’-ki-tha-ha, you separate by force.
o®-ga’-ki-tha-ha i, we separate by
force.
ga-ko’-ge, a thud or heavy sound
caused by dropping a stick.
ga-ko™, to shake a rug or blanket.
a’-ko®, I shook a blanket.
tha’-ko®, you shook a blanket.
o®-ga’-ko" i, we shook a blanket.
ga-kshi-dse, a blow that glanced
away without doing harm.
a-kshi=-dse, I struck a blow that
glanced away.
tha’-kshi*-dse, you struck a glancing
blow.
o®-ga-kshi"-dsa i, we struck a glanc-
ing blow.
ga-ku’-wi"-xe, the soaring of a hawk;
the running of a windmill turned
by the wind.
ga-mi’-mi, fringes of hair; leaves or
vines that are blown and waved
by the winds.
ga-mi’-mi-tha, swaying in the water,
as algee or grasses.
ga-mo”™, feathery (down).
ceremonies.
ga-mo”-dse, the dust within the
symbolic rattle.
ga-mo”™-thi®, scattering and floating
in the air, as falling leaves blown
by the wind.
ga-ni’-tha, without order; chaotic.
ga’ no®, this much; this or that many.

Used in

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

ga-pa -xe, to break or cut a rope.
a’-pa-xe, I break a rope.
tha’-pa-xe, you break a rope.
o®-ga’-pa-xa i, we break a rope.
ga-po’-ki, to make a dull thud or
sound by striking a soft object.
a’-po-ki, I made a dull sound.
tha’-po-ki, you made a dull sound.
o®-ga’-po-kiji, we made a dull sound.
ga-po -ki-o"-he, to crash with a blow.
a’-po-ki-o®-he, I crashed it with a
blow.
tha’-po-ki-o®-he, you crashed it with
a blow.
o®-ga’-po-ki-o"-ha i, we crashed it
with a blow.
ga-pu’-e, blown into flames by the
wind.
ga-sdo’-dse, to disjoint.
a’-sdo-dse, I disjointed it.
tha’-sdo-dse, you disjointed it.
o®-ga‘-sdo-dsa i, we disjointed it.
ga-sdo’-sdo-dse, to dismember.
ga-shda’, to cut grass short.
a’-shda, I cut the grass short.
tha’-shda, you cut the grass short.
o®-ga’-shda i, we cut the grass short.
ga-she’, to force one to abandon his
property.
a’-she, I forced him to abandon his
property.
tha’-she, you forced him to abandon
his property.
o*-ga’-sha i, we forced him to aban-
don his property.
ga-shi’-be, escape.
ga-shi’-be, to pay a debt.
a‘-shi-be, I paid him.
tha’-shi-be, you paid him.
o®-ga’-shi-ba i, we paid him.
wa-thu’-ce tse a-shi-be, I paid the

debt.

wa-thu’-ce tse tha-shi-be, you paid
the debt.

wa-thu’-ce tse o-ga-shi-ba i, we
paid the debt.

ga-shi’-be a-ta xtsi—ga-shi-be, out-
side; a-ta, there; xtsi, very: the
outermost.
ga’-shke, to tie.
a-a’-ga-shke, I tie.
a-tha’-ga-shke, you tie.
o*-ga’-ga-shka i, we tie.

LA FLESCHE]

ga-shki’-ge, to make an indentation
by striking.
ga-sho’-dse, the filling of the air by
dust blown by strong wind.
ga-sho”, it is enough; sufficient.
ga-sho” ga-xe, to stop work.
ga-sho”™ pa-xe, I stopped work.
ga-sho” shka-xe, you stopped work.
ga-sho™ o0”’-ga-xa i, we stopped work.
ga-sho”-ge, to pulverize.
ga-sho”-tha, to spill water from a
vessel by striking against it.
a’-sho®-tha, I struck the vessel, spill-
ing the water.
tha’-sho®-tha, you struck the vessel,
spilling the water.
o®-ga’-sho®-tha i, we struck the ves-
sel, spilling the water.
ga-sho”’-the, to go forth regardless of
danger; without precaution.
ga-sho”™-to"-gthe, end of a ravine.
ga-sho”’-to"-gthe te u-thu wa-gthe
mo®-thi pi ha, I walked to the
end of the ravine.
ga-sho”’-to®-gthe te
mo®-shni ha, you
end of the ravine.
ga-sho”’-to"-gthe te
o®-mo®-thi® i, we
end of the ravine.
ga sho® xtsi do", when this lapse of
time had passed. (From a ritual.)
ga-shpa’-shpa, to hack a man to
pieces.
a’-shpa-shpa, I hacked him to pieces.
tha’-shpa-shpa, you hacked him to
pieces.
o2-ga’-shpa-shpa i, we hacked him to
pieces.
ga-shpe’, bit; a small coin valued at
about 12% cents.
ga-shpe’ tho™-ba wi® o®-k’i o, give
me two bits.
ga-shpe’, to cut one’s hand by acci-
dent.
a’-shpe, I cut my hand accidentally.
tha’-shpe, you cut your hand acci-

u-thu wa-gthe
walked to the

u-thu wa-gthe
walked to the

dentally.
o®-ga’-shpa i, we cut our hands acci-
dentally.
ga-shpe’ du-ba, four bits; half a
dollar.

ga-shpe’ sha-pe, six bits; 75 cents.
ga-shpe’ tho®-ba, two bits; 25 cents.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

47

ga-shto”, to stop; applied to hitting,
or beating a drum.
ga’-stse, split.
ga-stse a-gi’-the, I split my own ar-
rows, so accurate is my aim.
(From a ritual.)
ga-stse’-ge, to cut meat into strips.
a’-stse-ge, I cut meat into strips.
tha’-stse-ge, you cut meat into strips.
o"-ga’-stse-ga i, we cut meat into
strips.
ga-stse’-stse, frill; fringe.
ga-stse’-stse-ge, to gash the skin re-
peatedly.
ga-ta’-kshi., struck with a shock;
stunned.
ga’-ta-ta-the, scattered as dirt over
the land. (From a ritual.)
ga-ta’-the, to break down a house by
heavy blows.
a‘-ta-the, I broke the house down
with heavy blows.
tha’-ta-the, you broke the house
down with heavy blows.
o2-ga’-ta-tha i, we broke the house
down with heavy blows.
ga-ta’-the, a wreck of a_ building
struck by a cyclone.
tsi ge ga-ta’-the, the house was
wrecked by wind.
ga’-ta-to®, from that direction.
ga-ta’-xe, to make a cracking sound
by striking.
ga-thi’-cki, gathering together corn
or wheat.
ga-thi -da, disturbed, as is water when
anything is thrown into it.
ga’-thi*, that person moving.
ga’-this-kshe, this (person) sitting.
(From a ritual.)
ga’ -thit-kshe-ta-ha, sit closer to that
person.
ga’-tho"-dsi, at this place.
ritual.)
ga’-thu, at that time and place.
ga’-thu a-di-to", from that time on.
ga’-thu hi, when reaching that place.
ga’-thu-hi ki, at that time.
ga’-thu-ti-hi-ki, when we reached
yonder point something happened.
ga-to’-be, to shatter; to pulverize.
a’-to-be, I shattered it.
tha’-to-be, you pulverized it.
0®-ga’-to-ba,i, we pulverized it.

(From a

48

ga-to"-he, to pound into fine powder,
as seeds for perfume.
ga-to" she’-no®-zhi® o, wait a while,
stand there.
ga-to" she’-no"-zhi® bi o, you stand
there a while.
ga’tse, this; this pile of things before
us.
ga-tse’, serrations. These refer to the
serrations on the tail of the turtle.
ga-tse’, to skim grease off the surface
of water in a kettle.
ga-ts’e’, rendered unconscious by a
fall; the appearance of being dead.
o®-xi’-tha go® o®-’a-ts’e ha, I was
made unconscious.
ga’-tse shki, of this also.
ga-ts’u’, to shave the head; to make
shavings from a stick.
ga-wa’, to open wide.
tsi-zhe-be-te thi-i-ga-wa, open wide
the door.
ga-wi™, cut in a circle. Refers to the
cutting of a buffalo skin.
ga-xa’, a branch; a creek.
ga-xa, ko’-ha kshe u-wa-pa-bthe-
a-tho, I walked along the bank or
stream.
ga-xa zhi"-ga ke zhu-a’-he, I waded
across the creek.
ga-xa zhi"-ga ke zhu-tha-he, you
waded across the creek.
ga-xa’, to excel; outrun; outstrip; to
outdistance.
a’-xa, I excel.
tha’-xa, you outstripped him.
o®-ga’-xa i, we outran him.
ki’-ba-no" tse wi-a-xa tse zha-mi, I
can outrun you.
ki’-ba-no® tse o®-tha-xa tse zha-mi,
you can outrun me.
ga-xa’-a-gthe, the large limbs of a
tree.
ga-xa’-ge, to cause one to cry by hit-
ting.
xa’-ge a-the ha, I caused him to cry.
xa’-ge tha-the ha, you caused him to
cry.
xa’-ge o®-tha i, we caused him to ery.
ga-xa’ gtho"-the kshe, the river.
ga-xa’ gtho™-the kshe zhi®-ga_ u-bi
co"-dse, the large branch of the
river is narrow.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

Ga-xa ko” -ce ha, two creeks running
parallel to each other. This was
the third camp of the second
buffalo trail.

ga-xa shdo’-zha ga-ge, the branches
that are bent down.

ga-xa’-ta, at a distance away.

Ga-xa’-to"-ga, Big Branch;
Pawnee, Okla.

ga-xa’, wa-hu-stsa, a sprig; twig;
small branch of a tree.

ga-xa’ zhi"-ga, small limbs of a tree;
(2) a little branch or runlet.

Ga-xa’ zhi"-ga ke zhu’-tha-he, you
waded across the creek.

ga’-xe, to make; to perform.

pa’-xe, I make.
shka’-xe, you make.
o"-ga’-xa i, we make.

ga’-xe a-ka—ga’-xe, to perform or to
make; a-ka, one who: a performer.

ga’-xe go"-tha, to make; to desire; to
intend.

pa-xe ko2-btha ha, I intend to do it.

shka-xe shko" shda ha, you intend to
do it.

o®-ga-xe o®-go®-tha i, we intend to
do it.

ga-xi -tha, to make fall by striking; to
chop a tree; to knock down a
man.

xtha-be’ wi2 ’a-xi-tha, I chop down
a tree.

xtha-be’ wi" tha-xi-tha, you chopped
down a tree.

xtha-be’ wi® o®-ga-xi-tha
chopped down the tree.

ga-xi’-xe, to break or crack hard sub-

stance like corn, nuts, etc., by
striking.

ga-xo’-e, a top; a hummer. The top
season is in the winter when the ice
in the river is thick. Tops are
made out of cedar or cottonwood.

ga-xo’-e wi? a-bthi" ha, I have a top.

ga-xo’-e wi" a-sti", you have a top.

ga-xo”, to break anything by striking

it.

a’-xo", I broke it by striking.

tha’-xo®, you broke it by striking it.

o®-ga’-xo" i, we broke it by striking
it.

Big

i, we

ee

LA FLESCHE]

ga’-xpa, the east, where the sun rises.
mo®-zho” ga-xpa dsi a-gthi™ ha, I
dwell in the east.
ga’xpa dsi, where rises the sun in the
east. Old Sho’-ge-mo-i" said
that originally this meant the set-
ting sun, but by careless reciting,
where the term appears in the Fire
wi’-gi-e, the meaning was changed
to the rising sun.
ga-xthe’ge, to crack something brittle
like glass, china, or stone.
i’ xe tse ’a-xthe’-ge ha, I cracked the
stones.
iv” xe tse tha-xthe’-ge ha,
cracked the stone.
i?» xe o®-ga’-xthe-ga i, we cracked
the stones.
ga-xthe’-xthe-ge, to crack into small
pieces.
a’xthe-xthe-ge, I cracked it in small
pieces.
tha’-xthe-xthe-ge, you cracked it in
small pieces.
o®-ga’-xthe-xthe-ga i, we cracked it
in small pieces.
ga-xthi’, the killing of an enemy by a
war party, the striking of an enemy
by a warrior, an act which entitles
him to a military honor.
ni’-ka-shi-ga wi® a-xthi, I killed an
enemy.
ni’-ka-shi-ga wi® tha-xthi, you killed
an enemy.
ni‘-ka-shi-ga wi" o®-ga-xthi i, we
killed an enemy.
ga-xtho’e, horned toad.
ga-xtho’-e wi i-tha’-the ha, I found
a horned toad.
ga-xtho’-e wi" i’-tha-the, you found a
horned toad.
ga-xtho’-e wi? o2-tho"-tha i,
found a horned toad.
ga-xtho”-gthi, return of people from
a hunt.
ga-xtho™-the, to migrate; to go on a
hunting expedition.
ga-xtho” u-zho"-ge, a migration or
hunting trail.
ga-xtho”-zhe, to crush with the hand.
wa-dsu-e ¢ki-the tho" ’a-xtho-zhe
he, I crushed the cake.
Wa-dsu-e ¢ki-the tho® stsi-xtho™’-zhe
he, you crushed the cake.

you

we

OSAGE DICTIONARY

49

ga-xthu’-ge, an incision.
zhe-ga wi-ta a-xthu’-ge ha, I made an
incision in my leg.
zhe-ga thi-ta tha-xthu’-ge ha, you
made an incision in your leg.
ga’xto", to acquit themselves in this
manner. (From a ritual).
ga’-xtsi, in this manner.
ga-xu’-xu-e, sighing continuously (re-
fers to the wind in the trees).
ga-zhi’, to drive a team of horses or
an automobile.
ka-wa tho®-ka a-wa-ga-zhi" a-gthi2
ta mi®-ke ha, I can drive the horses
home.
ka-wa tho®-ka wa-tha-ga-zhi2 tha-
gthi> ta-te ha, you can drive the
horses home.
ga-zho™, windfall.
ga-zhu’, to hull walnuts by pounding.
a‘zhu, I hull walnuts by pounding.
tha’-zhu, you hull walnuts by pound-
ing.
o®-ga’-zhu i, we hull walnuts by
pounding.
ge, the; these. Sign of plural used to
qualify plural nouns.
ge, among.
ge dsi, the places; such places.
ge’-go%, to be ineffective.
ge’-no", inanimate objects scattered
here and there.
gi, he approaches; he comes.
gi’-a, is he coming home?
gi-a-da’-xe, that will easily sink into
the skin; refers particularly to
tattooing.
gi-ba-ha, to
another.
ka-wa wi-ta e-pa-ha do®-be a-ki-the
ha, I showed him my horse.
mo®-zho thi-ta tho" the-shpa-ha,
you showed him your land.
gi’-ba-ko", to be angry; to be in a
rage; to become piqued; to rancor.
o”-ba-ko", I am angry.
thi’-ba-ko", you are angry.
wa’-ba-ko" i, we are angry.
gi’-ba-ko" ga-xe, to offend; to give
offense.
gi’-ba-ko" pa-xe, I offend.
gi’-ba-ko™ shka-xe, you offend.
gi’-ba-ko"® o0®-ga-xa i, we offend.
gi-ba’-xa, to break apart.

show anything to

50

gi’-ba-xtho-ga, wounded by harmful
grasses. (From a ritual.)
gi-bi’-shu-dse, rubbed away the sa-
cred soil from his brow. (From a
ritual.)
gi’-bo®, to call from a distance.
gi‘-bo", to summon; to call to appear.
o*”-bo"® i ha, I was summoned.
thi‘-bo® i ha, you were called to
appear.
gi’'-ca-thu, shall rattle with a clear
sound. (From a ritual.)
gi’-ge, to cut wood for some one.
a-gi’-ce, I cut wood for him.
tha-gi’-ge, you cut wood for him.
o®-gi’-ca i, we cut wood for him.
gi-ci -tha-zhi, to forget.
a-gi -ci-tha-mo*-zhi, I forgot.
tha-gi’-ci-tha zhi, you forgot.
o®-gi’-ci-thi ba-zhi i, we forgot.
gi-gi’-the, to remember; recollect; to
memorize.
a-gi’-ci-the, I remember.
tha-gi’-ci-the, you remember.
o®-gi’-ci-tha i, we remember.
gi-ci’-the ga-xe, to remind one.
gi-ci’-the pa-xe, I reminded him.
gi-ci’-the shka-xe, you reminded him.
gi-ci’-the o-ga-xa i, we reminded
him.
gi’-ci-the wa-the, memento; memo-
rable.
o®-ba’ the gi-ci-the wa-the ha, a
memorable day.
gi-gta’-ge, to lie flattened on the
ground. (From a ritual.)
gi’-gu, to be happy.
o*’-cu, I am happy.
thi’-gu, you are happy.
wa’-cu i, we are happy.
gi'-cu a-zhi—gi-cu, happy; a-zhi, not:
disconsolate.
o*”-cu mo®-zhi, I am disconsolate.
thi’-gu a-zhi, you are disconsolate.
wa’-cu ba-zhi i, we are disconsolate.
gi’-gu a-zhi, he is not happy over it.
gi’-gu-ga-xe, gladden; to make glad.
tho»’-dse wi-ta gi-gu-shka-xe ha, it
gladdened my heart.
gi’-gu thi®-ge, without mirth; un-
happy.
thi-gu zhi xtsi ni-ke ha-go", you look
very unhappy, what it it?

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

gi’-gu-zhi, crestfallen; despondent;
disconsolate; dispirited; downeast.
o»-gu mo®-zhi, I am downcast.
thi-gu a-zhi, you are downcast.
wa-cu ba-zhi i, we are downcast.
gi’-do-do*, to invade; to go on the
warpath against the enemy.
e’-do-do®, I invaded.
the’-do-do®, you invaded.
o*®-ga-do-do" i, we invaded.
gi-do™-be, to view one’s own property.
mo®-zho’ tho® a-gi-to™-be ha, I am
looking at my land.
mo®-zho” tho® tha-gi-shto”’-be ha,
you are looking at your land.
mo®-zho” tho® a-gi-to®’-be o®-ga-hi
i, we have been to look at our land.
gi-do”-he, he is better.
gai-do™-ho*, happy. (See gi’-gu.)

gi’-e-go", fortunate, lucky. (From a
ritual.)

gi’-ga-sho", to suit; to approve;
suitable.

gi-ga’-xe, vamp; repair; mend. (See
pi -gi-k’o*.)
a-gi’-pa xe, I repaired.
tha-gi’-shka-xe, you mended.
0®-gi-ga-xa i, we mended.
gi’-go"-tha, to want a thing, as
property belonging to another; to
want a person to do some particu-
lar thing; to covet.
e’-ko®-btha, I want what is his.
the shko®-shta, you want what is his.
gi-gtha’-she, to deliver; set free;
rescue; retake.
a-gi’-gtha-she, I set him free.
tha-gi’-gtha-she, you set him free.
o*-gi’-gtha-sha i, we set him free.
gi-gthe’-zhe, fade; to lose color.
wa-tse wi-ta a-ka gi-the’-zha be-the,
my dress is faded.
gi’-ha-ce, to shun; to avoid; to evade.
e’-ha-ce, I avoid.
the-ha-ce, you avoid.
ni-ka thi e-ha-ce, I avoid the man.
ni-ka thi the-ha-ce, you avoid the
man.
gi’-ha-gi-the, to be in doubt.
o*-ha-gi-the, I am in doubt.
thi-ha-gi-the, you are in doubt.
gi-ha’-go", to succeed.
o»-ha‘-go", I have succeeded.
thi-ha’-go", you have succeeded.

Fs te

a

Sadan ne ed ee

LA FLESCHE]

gi-ha’-go", there appeared to him.
gi’-hi do*"-he, a hospitable person.
gi’-hi-ge, to be chief of a tribe.
gi-hi”’-xa, to felicitate.
a-hi»’-xa, I felicitate.
tha-hi*’-xa, you felicitate.
gi’-hi-tho"-be, shall appear for them.
Ritual term.
gi’'-ho"® a-zhi, to displease; to give
dissatisfaction; to repine; to resent.
o®’-ho® mo*-zhi, I am displeased.
thi’-ho" a-zhi, you are displeased.
wa’-ho® ba-zhi i, we are displeased.
gi-ho”-a-zhi, grief; sorrow.
gi’ -ho® a-zhi, he does not like it.
gi-ho" a-zhi ga-xe, made to grieve.

gi-ho" a-zhi pa-xe, I made him
grieve.

gi-ho® a-zhi shka-xe, you made him
grieve.

gi-ho" a-zhi o°-ga-xa i, we made him
grieve.

gi’-ka, to appeal to.
gi-k’a-be, the waning of the moon.
gi-ka’-xe, to repair a house or some
implement.
gi’-k’i, to give back something to the
owner; to restore.
a-gi’-k’i, I restored it to him.
tha’-gi-k’i, you restored it to him.
o®-gi’-k’i i, we restored it to him.
gi-k’i~’, to carry something belonging
to him; to carry his child, or his
gun.
gi-k’i” a-tha i-ha, zhi"-ga zhi"-ga
thi2-ke, I carried his child.
gi’-ko, invitation to dinner or a formal
feast.
e’-ko, I invited him to a feast.
tha’-ko, you invited him to a feast.
o2-ko i, we invited him to a feast.
we’ -we-ko, I invited them to a feast.
we-the-ko, you invited them to a
feast.
gi’-ko", to mourn; to lament.
a-gi’-ko®, I mourn for him.
tha-gi’-ko", you mourn for him.
o®-gi’-ko" i, we mourn for him.
gi-k’o™ ce ki-the, to rest one’s self;
(2) to take pleasure; to recreate.
gi-k’o"’-ce a-ki-the, I am resting.
gi-k’o"’-ce tha-ki-the, you are resting.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

51

gi-ko”-tha, to reclaim property
wrongly in the possession of
another.
mo*®-zho™tho® a-gi-ko"-btha ha, I
reclaimed my land.
mo®-zho™ tho" tha-gi-shko*-shda ha,
you reclaimed your land.
gi-ni’-ga-xe, to heal; restore to health.
gi-ni’, to recover from sickness.
o® gi’-ni bthe ha, I am getting well.
gi-no”-ko", he had already heard the
message sent to him.
gi‘-no"-she, to _ dispossess.
same.)
mi®-dse ke e’-no™-she ha, I dis-
possessed him of his bow.
mi®’-dse ke the’-no"-she ha, you dis-
possessed him of his bow.
gi-no”™-thi", forgets.
gi-no”™’-thi" ga-xe, to puzzle; to be-
wilder.
gi-no™’-thi2 pa-xe ha _ ni’-ka-shi-ga
thi, I bewildered him.
gi-no”’-thi2 shka-xe ha,
wildered him.
gi-no”’-thi® o2-ga-xa i, we bewildered
him.
gi-no”™-xe-cka, to regain conscious-
ness; to revive.
wa-k’o this-ke gi-no™-xe-cka pa-xe,
I revived the woman.
wa-k’o thit-ke gi-no™’-xe-cka shka-xe,
you revived the woman.
wa-k’o thi-ke gi-no™-xe-cka o-ga-
xa i, we revived the woman.
gi-o, to come.
gi-o”, to fly.
gi-o” i-the, flown; flew away.
wa-zhi®-ga ca-be ab-a gi-o™ a-tha bi
a, the blackbird flew away.
gi-o”-tha, to discharge.
gi’-o-pa-the, to know and understand;
to discern.
o*-wo®-pa-the, I know and under-
stand.
thi’-o-pa-the, you know and under-
stand. ;
wo-0'-pa-tha i, we know and under-
stand.
gi’ -o-shki-ga, disrespect.
gi’-o-ts’e-ga, easy to obtain; (2) sat-
isfying to the desire.

(Om.

you be-

52

gi-pa-gi, to drive one’s own horses.
a’-gi-pa-ci, I drive my own horses.
tha’-gi-shpa-ci, you drive your own
horses.
o"-gi'-pa-ci i,
horses.
gi-pa’-hi, sharp for use.
in ceremonial rites.
gi-pa’-ho®, to rise.
a-gi’-pa-ho®, I rise.
tha-gi’-shpa-ho*, you rise.
o®-gi’-pa-ho® i, we rise.
gi -pi-zhi, shock; grief; sorrow.
o®-pi’-zhi, I am in sorrow.
thi’-pi-zhi, you are in sorrow.
gi’-pshe, walking on the earth.
gi-sha’-be, theirs shall be black.
(From a ritual.)
gi’-sho"-tha, to make loose.
gi’sho"-tha, to droop or fall.
gi-sho™-tha, loose jointed; broken.
gi’-sho"-zhi, to dislike; disagree; to
disapprove.
gi’-shu-be, to pay a debt (sometimes
gi’-shi-be).
a’-shu-be, I paid the debt.
tha’-shu-be, you paid the debt.
o®-ga-shu-ba i, we paid the debt.
gi-ta’-pe, approach in hunting.
gi-te’-xi, it is hard for him.
ga’-the, he who is moving yonder.
A ritual expression.
gi-tha’, made to be.
gi-the, make to be.
gi’-tha, to make to be of themselves.
A ritual expression.
gi’-tha-gthi™. (See gi-cu.)
gi’-tha-gthi", he is pleased.
gi’-tha-wa-cka, to inform; to explain.
e-btha-wa-¢ka, I explained to him.
gi-the’, they shall make of it a symbol.
(From a ritual.)
gi’-thi-do*, to pull an object or thing
for another.

we drive our own

Term used

u-thi’-to®-tha ke bthi-do™ ha, I
pulled the wagon for him.
u-thi’-to"-tha ke ni-do™ ha, you

pulled the wagon for him.
u-thi’-to-tha ke o*-thi-do™ i, we
pulled the wagon for him.
gi’-thi-ho”, remote.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

gi’-thi-ko", to get out of the way of
another; to make room.
e’-bthi-ko", I got out of his way.
the-ni’-ko", you got out of his way.
Gi’-thi-ko"-bi, One-for-whom -they-
make-many. Personal name.
gi’-thi-zha, to wash an article for
another.
ha-cka’ tho® i-wi-bthi-zha te he, let
me wash your shirt.
gi’-thu-ga-zhi, to spurn; to reject.
a-bthu-ga-zhi, I spurn.
tha-shnu’-ca-zhi, you spurn.
gi-to", to regain.
a-gi’-to®, I regain (consciousness).
tha-gi’-to", you regain (conscious-
ness).
o®-gi’-to® i,
ness).
gi’-ts’e, to lose a relative by death.
wa-tho’-da ki-the wi® 0®-ts’e, I lost
a relative by death.
wa-tho’ da ki-the wi" thi-ts’e, you
lost a relative by death.
gi-tse’-ga, to renew or refresh.
gi’-tse-gi-the, respite; delay; to sus-
pend action.
gi’-tsi-ga, run evenly, accurately.
gi-tsi’-ga, counted with accuracy.
gi’-ts’u, to shave a man’s head.
gi’-wa-to"-ga, to act as chief for
another tribe.
gi’-wa-to®-i", same as ithe.
gi’-wa-ts’e-ga, easy to obtain.
gi-wa-xthi, to prize very highly that
which is one’s own.
mi u’-tha-ge tho" o0®-wa-tse-xthi ha,
I prize my watch.
no®-be u-thi’-xtha tho" o*-wa-tse-
xthi ha, you prize your ring.
gi’-wa xthi, to value highly some par-
ticular property.
tsi’-tse o™-wa-xthi ha, I value my

we regain (conscious-

home.

tsi’-tse thi-wa-xthi, you value your
home.

tsi’-tse wa-wa-xthi i, we value our
home.

gi -wa-xthi-zhi, liberal; generous.
ni’-ka-shi-ga gi-wa-xthi-zhi bi a, he is
a generous man.

ee ee oe

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE

Gi-wa’-xthi-zhi, Per-
sonal name.

gi-wi"’-do", to reconcile; to come to-
gether; to reunite as a family or
friends; (2) reconciliation.

gi -wika zhi, to be disloyal, unfaithful,
false.

e’-wi®-ka mo®-zhi, I was disloyal to
him.

the’-wi®-ka a-zhi, you were disloyal
to him.

gi wi®-ke, loyal or loyalty.

e’-wit-ke, I am loyal.
the’-wi2-ke, you are loyal.
i2-wi®-ka i, we are loyal.

gi-xe’, to bury one’s relation.

u’-tha-de ki-the wi" a-gi-xe, I buried
a relative.

u’-tha-de ki-the wi" tha-gi-xe, you
buried a relative.

u’-tha-de ki-the wi" o*-gi-xa i, we
buried a relative.

gi-xi’tha, to fall or droop.

gi'-zha, to doubt another’s word.

e-de she-te wi’-zha ha, I doubt what
you say.

gi-zhu, sweepstakes.

go’da, ahead.

go-da’-ha, go away; depart.

go-da’-ha mo®-thi" 0, go farther
away.

go’-da thi-sho®, on the other side.

go’-da to", that person standing yon-
der. Ritual term.

Go” -ba-kshe, The-light. Female
personal name. Refers to the
light in the eyes of the bear.

go"-be’, the hackberry.

go"-be’ hi, hackberry tree (Celtis occi-
dentalis). The fruit of this tree is
mashed in a mortar and then used
for food.

go"-be’ hi ba-tse, grove of hackberry
trees.

go"-ce’, to feign; to make believe.

po®-cga’mo®-zhi he no®-be hi u-to®-ga
ni-e a-ki pa-xe te, I did not feign
a hurt thumb.
po"-ce, I pretend.
o0®-go"-ca i, we pretend.
go"-ce’-go", alike in appearance; simi-
lar; uniform.

Not-stingy.

DICTIONARY

53

go"-ce’go" ga-xe, to make as one;
unify.
go"-ce’-go" zhi, not alike in appear-
ance.
ka’-wa a-ka go®-ce’-go" a-zhi a-ka,
the horses are unlike.
go"-ce’ ki-go, alike; resembling.
go"-ce’ ki-to®-ha, equal in height.
go"-ce’ ’tho®-cka, same in size; as
large as.
go” tha, to want; to desire; (2) to pre-
fer.
ko»’-btha, I want.
shko*’-shda, you want.
o”-go®-tha i, we want.
go” -tha wa-tha zhi, undesirable.
go” -tha-wa-the, desirable.
go” tha wa-gthi", to crave; a longing.
ku-ku’-ma ko®-btha wa-gthi2, I have
a longing for cucumbers.
zho®=-ni shko®-shda_ wa-gthi*,
crave sugar.
go" -zhi®-ga, failure to do a thing for
lack of skill; (2) unskilled.
po”’-zhi-ga, I am unskilled.
shko’-zhi-ga, you are unskilled.
o»-go"’-zhi-ga i, we are unskilled.
gtha’-de, to approach a foe or game;
to creep upon stealthily.
a-gtha’-de, I crept up stealthily.
tha-gtha’-de, you crept up stealthily.
o*-gtha’-da i, we crept up stealthily.
gtha’-po®-ge, a mosquito.
gtha’-po"-ge wi" o®-tha-xta-ga bi a,
the mosquito bit me.
gtha’-tha, to unbraid or untie.
etha-tha’, to become raveled as a
braided or plaited lariat.
gtha’-tse, to eat what is set before one.
btha’-tse, I eat what is set before me.
shna‘-tse, you eat what is set before
you.
o®-gtha’-tsa i, we eat what is set
before us. .
gthe, to go home.
a’-gthe, I go home.
tha’-gthe, you go home.
o®-ga’-gtha i, we go home.
gthe’-be, to vomit; retch; spew.
a’-gthe-be, I vomited.
tha’-gthe-be, you vomited.
o"-gthe’-ba i, we vomited.

you

54.

gthe’-be mo"-ko", an emetic. The
root of the pokeweed (Phytolacca
decandra) is used by the Osage for
an emetic and purgative. Every
spring men would get together to
chew the root. If one takes an
overdose and becomes sick he is
carried to the creek and plunged
into the water. This peculiar
remedy takes effect immediately.

gthe’-bthi" o*, ten times.

gthe’-btho®, ten.

gthe’-btho"® a-zhi—gthe-btho*, ten;
a-zhi, scattered upon: ten spot in
deck of cards.

gthe’-btho® ga-to"—gthe-btho®, ten;
ca-to", five—five tens: fifty.

gthe-btho® do-ba—gthe-btho®, ten;
do-ba, four—four tens: forty.

gthe-btho® do’-ba-zho"—gthe-btho2,
ten; do’-ba, four; zho", sleeps—
ten-fours-sleep, or forty nights:
the season of Lent.

gthe’-btho"-hu-zhi"-ga,
dred.

gthe’-btho® ki-e do-ba—gthe-btho:,
ten; ki-e do-ba, eight—eight tens:
eighty.

gthe’-btho" pe-tho*-ba—gthe-btho:,
ten; pe-tho®-ba, seven—ten sevens:
seventy.

gthe’-btho" sha-pe—gthe’-btho®, ten;
sha-pe, six—six tens: sixty.

gthe’-btho" tha-bthis—gthe’-btho2,
ten; tha-bthi", three—three tens:
thirty.

mi-xa zhi*-ga gthe-btho"® tha-bthi2,

thirty ducks.

one hun-

ni’-ka-shi-ga gthe-btho" tha-bthi2,
thirty men.
gthe’-btho" tho"-ba—gthe-btho.,
ten; tho *-ba, two--two tens:
twenty.

gthe’-btho" tho®-ba ki-e-di tho*-
ba, twenty-two.
gthe’-btho® tho"-tho®, ten each.
gthe’-btho" tse wi" thi®-ge,
minus one: nine.
gthe-ga’-ga, striped in parts.
gthe-ge’, striped.
wa-tse’ gthe-ce wi" a-bthir, I have
a striped dress.
a-ga-ha-mi gthe-ce’ wi" a-ni, you
have a striped coat.

ten

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

gthe-cge’ ga-xe, same as no®-ha btha-
k’a.

gthe-do”, hawk; falcon. Used also as
a personal name in the Osage
Tribe.

Gthe-do*-a-xe, Hawk-maker. Per-
sonal name.
gthe-do” ga-be, black hawk. In the

Osage war rites the black hawk
symbolizes the courage of the
warriors. It also represents night.

Gthe-do”-cka, White-hawk. Per-
sonal name.

Gthe-do”-co®-wit, White-hawk-wom-
an. Female personal name.
Gthe-do” -mi-tse-xi, New-hawk-

woman. Female personal name.

Gthe-do”-mo®-ge, Iron-hawk. Per-
sonal name.

Gthe-do” -stse-dse, Long-hawk. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the long
scalp locks attached to the sacred
hawk.

gthe-do” to*-ga, the large hawk;
Cooper’s hawk.

Gthe-do*-tse, New-hawk. Personal
name.

Gthe-do”-tsi-e, Hawk-passing-by.
Personalname. Refers tothe hawk
attacking prey.

Gthe-do”-wa-ko",
Personal name.

Gthe-do” -wa-ko"-tha,
hawk. Personal name.

Gthe-do”-wi., Hawk-woman. Fe-
male personalname. Refers to the
sacred hawk.

Gthe-do”-wi"-zhi"-ga, Little-hawk-
woman. Female personal name.
Refers to the smallest of hawks.

gthe-do”™-xo-dse, brown hawk.

gthe-do” zhi-ga, the little hawk.
This is the smallest of the hawk
family and the most courageous.
In the tribal war rites the little
hawk figures as a symbol of the
warrior’s courage.

Gthe-no”-zhi", Returns-and-stands.
Personal name. Refers to the re-
turn of the war-hawk after a suc-
cessful attack.

gthe-zha’-zha, spotted in different
parts of the body.

Mystery-hawk.

Attacking-

‘

oe alla

pind on

———

ial ieee titties a P

LA FLESCHE]

gthe-zhe’, spotted.
mi’-xa zhi*-ga thi®-kshe gthe-zhe’,
the duck is spotted.

gthi, to come home; to return home.

a-gthi’, I come home.
tha-gthi’, you come home.
o®-ga’-gthi i, we come home.
a-gthi’ a tho, I have come home.
tha-gthi’ a tho, you have come home.
gthi, drew toward himself. A ritual
expression. Refers to the grass
that has been gathered by him.
gthi-gthe’, to pass by.

gthi’ i-he-a-tha, here laid it down.

gthi’ i-he-a-the i" da, I made it here
to fall.

Gthi’ I-he-the Wa-tho*, songs of
bringing home and laying down
the bird. In company with this
song is another entitled ‘“‘ Wa-tse
Wa-tho2, The Songs of Triumph.”
This song shows the symbol of
courage of the warriors, and the
entire war party are spoken of as
going home in triumph when the
sacred birds are returned to their
respective places among the vari-
ous gentes. When the Xo-ka lets
the bird fall to the ground, the
people remain silent if it falls in
the proper position, taking this as
a sign that the warrior will be
successful.

Gthi’-kshe, The-returned. Personal
name. Refers to the new moon.

gthi*, he sat down. (From a ritual.)

gthi®, to sit.
a-gthi*, I sit.
tha-gthi", you sit.
o®-gthi® i, we sit.

gthi™-i"-ga o-u, sit down.

gthi*’-i-tho*-tho", pausing for a rest
from time to time as one comes
home.

gthi no™-the to", placed close to
where he stood.

gthi’-no®-zhi, having returned, he
stood.

gthi'-shpi, to shell one’s corn by hand.

a’-gthi-shpi, I shell by hand.
tha’-gthi-shpi, you shell by hand.
o®-gthi’-shpi i, we shell by hand.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

55

ethi’-shto*, to finish a weapon.
a-gthi’-shto® mi®-dse ke, I finished
the bow.
tha-gthi’-shto® mi®-dse ke, you fin-
ished the bow.
o®-gthi’-shto® i mi®-dse ke, we fin-
ished the bow.
gthi’-tho-to", rectify.
a-gthi’-tho-to", I rectified it.
tha-gthi’-tho-to", you rectified it.
o®-gthi’-tho-to” i, we rectified it.
ethi’-tse-ga, to renew; to renovate; to
freshen.
a-gthi’-tse-ga, I renewed it.
tha-gthi’-tse-ga, you renovated it.
o*-gthi’-tse-ga i, we renewed it.
gthi’-u-bthi, to brandish with a
quick motion. (From a ritual.)
gthi’-wi", to redeem; to repurchase.
a-gthi’-wi2, I redeemed it.
tha-gthi’-wi", you redeemed it.
o*-gthi’-wi" i, we redeemed it.
gthi’-wi" wa-the, redeemable.
gthi’-xthu-ge, to disinter.
ni‘-ka a-ka gthi-xthu-ga i shi®-to
zhi»-ga ke, the man disinterred his
son.
gthi’-zhi*, to stretch a skin.
ta-ha’ tho" a-gthi-zhi", I stretch my
deerskin.
ta-ha’ tho” tha-gthi-zhi", you stretch
your deerskin.
Gtho*, Thunder deity.
gtho?®, to call one bad names; to revile.
a-gtho»’, I reviled him.
tha-gtho»’, you reviled him.
o*-gtho® i, we reviled him.
gtho™-ce, the smell or odor from
spoiled food.
gtho™-ge, to take a wife; to marry.
gtho”-ge, to dive.
a-gthor’-ge, I dive.
tha-gtho’-ge, you dive.
o"-gtho’-ga i, we dive.
gtho’-ge bthe, I went diving.
gtho»-ge the, he went diving.
gtho”-ge-shto*, coot, a kind of sea
duck.
gtho-gtho", repeated mutterings, as
when one is angry.
gtho’-gtho" bthe, I muttered.
gtho”-gtho" ne, you muttered.

56

gtho"-hi, a hat with ornaments worn
by a bride at a wedding.
gtho*-ho’-to", thunder.
gtho"-ho’-to® wa-gthi bi
thunder was loud.
Gtho”-i*, the Thunder deity.
Gtho"i-ni-ka-shi-ga, People of the
Thunder. The name of a gens in
the Osage Tribe.
gtho”’-pa, a cherry.
gtho*-pa du-ba bthu-e he, I picked
some cherries.
gtho™-pa hi, cherry tree.
gtho®’-pa hiu—gtho"-pa, choke
cherry; hiu, tree: choke cherry
tree. The fruit of this tree is used
for food by the Osage, and the
bark (Prunus virginiana) — for
medicine.
gtho"-tha-ha. (See go-da’-ha.)
gtho”’-tha ha the ga-xe, to expel; to
drive away.
gtho»’-tha ha the pa-xe, I drove (it)
away.
gtho”’-tha ha the shka-xe, you drove
(it) away.
gtho»’-tha ha the o*-ga-xa i, we
drove (it) away.
gtho»’-tha ha the ga-xa bi o, they
expelled him.
gtho”’-the, magnitude; greatness; (2)
broad; wide; stupendous; prodi-
gious.
gtho”’-the-ha, extending over a broad
or wide tract.
gtho’-the wa-gthi", enormous; ex-
ceedingly large; huge.
xtha-be gtho-the wa-gthi" to®-be
ha, I saw huge trees.

a, the

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

gtho”-the-wo", to be hurt in an
accident.
gtho»’-the-wo® a-dsi no*’-o*-ka ha, I
was hurt in an accident.
gtho»’-the-wo® a-dsi no»’-thi-ka ha,
you were hurt in an accident.
gtho»’-the-wo” a-dsi no®-a-wa-ka i,
we were hurt in an accident.
gtho-thi", to be drunk.
a-gtho™’-bthi*, I am drunk.
tha-gtho”-ni, you are drunk.
wa-gtho’-thi" i, we are drunk.
gtho-thi® ga-xe, to make drunk; to

intoxicate.

gtho”-thi® i-gi-ha, habitual drunk-
ard; a sot.

gtho”-thi"-shto", intemperance;
drunkenness.

gtho” wa-gthe-ce, lightning (zigzag).
gtho" wa-ga-xthi, to be killed by
lightning.
gtho” wa-ga-xthi bi a ka-wa tho®-ka,
the horses were killed by lightning.
gtho-xe, the practice of magic upon
another.
gthu’-cge, to recover; to take back
one’s own property.
a-gthu’-ce, I took back (recovered)
my land.
tha-gthu’-ce, you took back (re-
covered) your land.
o*-gthu’-ca i, we took back (re-
covered) our land.
gthu’-zha, to wash (one’s face).
gu’-da, facing the opposite direction.
gu’-da thi*-shke, the one sitting on
the opposite side.
gu’-dsi, farther into the house.
gu’-dsi, in times past; a long time
ago (primitive).

ha, skin of any animal; the bark of a | ha’-ba-gthe-ge, spotted corn.

tree; shell of nuts; cuticle.
ha, ho; O.
ha’-ba, corn on the cob.
ha’-ba-gi-ko"-pa-ci, yellow transpar-
ent corn.
ha’-ba gka, white corn.
ha’-ba da-po-ki, pop corn.
ha’-ba da-po-ki o"-cu no" a-tha, I
like pop corn.
ha’-ba ga-xthe-xthe-ga, striped corn.

ha’-ba gthe-zhe, speckled corn.

For the fourth time the Buffalo threw himself
upon the earth,

And the speckled corn,

Together with the speckled squash,

He tossed into the air,

Then spake, saying: What living creature is there
that has no mate?

And thus he wedded together the speckled corn,
a male, to the speckled squash, a female.

He continued: The little ones shall use this plant
for food as they travel the path of life.

LA FLESCHE]

ha’-ba gthe-zhe—continued.
gs

Thus they shall make for themselves to be free
from all the causes of death as they travel the
path of life.

(36th Ann. Rept. B. A. E., p. 281, lines 103-110.)
ha’-ba-hi, corncobs. ,
ha’-ba-hi pe’-dse i-pa-xe he, I made a
fire of corncobs.
ha’-ba ko®-ce-ci-da, the blazing star.
This flower was used by the
Tho’-xe gens as a symbol.

Then Tho’-xe spake, saying: I am a person of
whom the little ones may make their bodies
(symbol).

Thereupon he threw himself upon the earth.

And the blazing star (Lacinaria pyenostachya)

Sprang up from the soil and stood pleasing to the
sense of sight with its beauty.

Of this plant the little ones shall also make of
their bodies (Symbols), said the Tho-xe.

ha‘ba no®, mature cornstalks.
ha’-ba sha-be, dark-colored corn.
ha’-ba-thi-shpi, corn shelling.

ha’-ba bthi-shpi, I am shelling corn.

ha’-ba ni-shpi, you are shelling corn.

ha’-ba o*-thi-shpi i, we are shelling
corn.
ha’-ba thu-ge, the picking of the corn.
ha’-ba bthu-ce, I pick corn.
ge, 1 p
ha’-ba ni-ce, you pick corn.
ha’-ba o*-thu-ca i, we pick corn.
ha’-ba to-ho, blue corn. For the
legend of the blue corn see back of
book.
ha’-ba-tsi, a corn house or a corncrib;
(2) a granary.

ha’-ba-tsi ke u-gi-pi ha, the corncrib

is full.

ha’-ba wa-xo-be ci-hi, a_ sacred
yellow corn.

ha’-ba xu-dse, gray corn.

ha’-ba zhi hi, pink corn.

Ha’-ba-zhu-dse, Red-corn. Personal

name. Refers to a life symbol.
ha’-ba zhu-dse, red corn.
ha’-bi-ta-the, gathered together in a
pile.
ha’-bthe-ka, ribbon.
ha’-bthe-ka ke zhu-dse, ¢ka, tu-hu
u-ki-ki-ba he, the ribbon is red,
white, and blue striped.
ha’-bthe-ka sho-ga, thick ribbon, or
velvet.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

57
ha’-bthe-ka-sho-ga, black
velvet.
ha’-bthe-ka-sho-ga, ca-be wa-tse wi®
a-bthit he, I have a black velvet
dress.
ha’-bthe-ka sho-ga, zhu-dse, red
velvet.
ha’-ce, to flee from danger; to run away
out of harm’s reach; to escape.
a’-ha-ce, I fled from danger.
tha’-ha-ce, you fled from danger.
o*-ha’-cga i, we fled from danger.
ha’-gi, grapes.

¢a-be,

ha’-gi zhu-dse o®-tha-gthis ha, I
like red grapes.
ha’-gi a-be shta-ha, large wild

grapes, with smooth leaves.

ha’-gi biu-ge, dried grapes; raisins.

ha’-gi hi, grapevine—ha’-ci, grape; hi,
vine.

ha’-gi-ni, juice of grapes; wine.

ha’-ci-ni e-go", winelike.

ha-gi-ni gi-tha-gthi"—ha-ci-ni, wine;
gi-tha-gthi", fond of: a winebibber.

ha’-gi-ni-ka-to"—ha-ci, grape; ni-ka-
to®, that has a husband: the fe-
male grape; a smaller grape than
the smooth-leafed.

ha’-gi-ni we-thi-wi", a merchant who
sells wine.

ha’-ci to"-ga, big grapes; cultivated
grapes.

ha’-ci-xo-dse—ha-ci, grapes; xo-dse,
gray: fox grapes.

ha’-gi zhi®-ga, little grapes; raisins.

ha-cka’, calico, gingham, canvas, or
any cotton goods; (2) gingham or
calico shirt; a woman’s jacket.

ha-cka’ dsiu-tha, rotten rags.

ha-cka’-mi—ha, skin; ¢ka, white; mi,
robe: shawl.

ha-cka’-mi wi-ta tho" ga-be, my
shawl is black.
ha-cka’tse ni-ga-shpo" a-the, I

soaked the clothes in water.
ha’¢ka’ tsi, a canvas tent.
ha-cka’ u-ba-tsi a, tuck your shirt
tail in.
ha-cka‘u-ki-pa-tse, a patch quilt.
ha-cka’ u-mi-zhe, a bed sheet.

58

ha-cka’ wa-xthe-xthe, ensign; flag;
banner; symbolic standard. To
distinguish the American flag from
the feathered standard of the
Osage, the word wa-xthe-xthe
was preceded by the word ha-¢cka’
which meant cloth. Cloth stand-
ard: the American flag.
ha’-do-ga, nettleweed ( Urtica gracilis).
This is a sacred plant. Its fiber
was used for woof in weaving the
sacred rush mat case for the wa-
xo’-be or sacred hawk.
ha’-do-ga i-bi-gta, stung by a nettle.
ha’-go-e, what has happened.
ha’-go", wherefore; what has hap-
pened; what is it?
ha’-go" a-tha-zhi" a(?) what do you
think?
ha-go” do*, why; for what reason;
what for.
ha’go" do” sta zhi a(?) why did you
not go?
ha-go® e’, what is it? what is the
matter?
ha’-go"-tho® ta zhi a-zhi, doubtful.
ha’-go" ts’e tse thi’-u-pa-the, an
inquest; an inquiry into the cause
of the death of a person.
ha-gtha’-thi*, carry with you.
ha-gthe’-zhe wa-tha-ge, handker-
chief.
ha-gthe’-zhe wa-tha-ge o"-wo®-xpa-
the mi®-kshe o, I lost my hand-
kerchief.
ha’-ha, light; not heavy.
ha‘ha, to be ready; (2) readiness.
ha’-ha a-ki-the, I am ready.
ha’-ha tha-ki-the, you are ready.
ha’-ha o®-ki-tha i, we are ready.
ha’-ha ki-tha ba thi® ho, hold your-
selves in readiness.
ha-ho” zhi"-ga, twine; string; cord;
small rope.
ha-ho” zhi®-ga i-tha-ko"-to®, I tied it
with twine.
ha’-ni-ka wa-ca-i, a commander’s
orders to his warriors.
ha’-no®, how much or how many?
ha’-shda ha, broadcloth. This is a
very highly prized material; it is
worn by the women on dress
occasions for a robe or a skirt. It
was introduced to the Indians by
French traders,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

ha’-shi, the last one.
ha’-shi, to strike so that one whirls
around when falling.
ha’-shi, the end of things; Omega.
ha’-shi-ta, in times past; in the rear.
ha-shi’-ta wa-do"-be—ha-shi-ta, to
the rear; wa-do®-be, act of seeing:
looking backward; retrospect.
ha shki, in every direction; in any
place.
ha’-shki-pa, returning to the starting
point.
ha’-shki-pa-gthe, to lay the head
anywhere, in restlessness.
ha’-ta, why.
ha’-ta-ha, how has it fared with you?
ha’-tho® ba-da-pa, to cut a piece of
skin round.
ha’-tho" ba-a-da-pa, I cut the piece
of skin round.
ha’-tho" ba-tha-da-pa, you cut the
piece of skin round.
ha’-tho" ba-o®-da-pa i, we cut the
piece of skin round.
ha’-tho"-gka, the size of a coat or of
anything that is measurable.
ha’-tho-xtha thi*-ge, to turn aside
from the right direction; to go
astray.
ha-to™, how far; what distance.
ha-to"-do" tha-gthe ta -tse a(?)
when will you go home?
ha-to™-dsi, when; at what time.
ha-to”-dsi tha tsi a(?) when did
you come?
ha’-to"-shki, whenever.
ha’-to® shki e-she do, whenever you
say.
thi-e ha’-to™ shki do" bthe te e-she
do® e-go" ta-te ha, whenever you
say I will go.
ha-tse’ thit-ge—ha-tse, fear; thi®-ge,
without, or nothing to cause: safe,
tsi wi-ta tse-dsi ha-ts’e’-o" thi®-ge.
I am safe at home.
hau, now.
ha-w’-ki-gthi-xtha, attire.
ha-u’-xi, the husks are brown. Re-
fers to the corn when it has ripened.
(Om. same.)
ha-we’ (fem. ha-ve’), to greet.
ha’-we-a-ce—ha, skin; we-a-ce, with
which to lace: thread.
ha-we-a-cetca-be he-be o®-ki a, give
me some,black thread,

LA FLESCHE]

ha-xi"’, a woolen blanket. Before the
introduction of woolen blankets by
traders, the Osage Indians used buf-
falo skins for robes and bedding.

ha-xi® a-gi-gtha-ko", I shake my
blanket.

ha-xi” tha-gi’-gtha-ko", you shake
your blanket.

ha-xi™ thi2-kshe bthe-ka, the blanket
is thin.

ha-xi®’, tho® bthi-btha, I spread the
blanket.

ha-xi® tho” stsi-btha, you spread the
blanket.

ha-xi™” wi" a-thi7 a-ka ha u-ta-ca
xtsi, he has a showy blanket.

ha-xi” wi-ta tho" a-gi-pi-thi xthi-ge,
my blanket is worn.

Ha-xi’-gthe-zhe-ga-xe, Navajo.
The blankets made by this tribe
of Indians are considered to be
very choice.

ha-xi" zhu-dse, a scarlet blanket.

ha’-xti-k’o", to put forth great effort.

ha’-xti-a-ki-k’o", I put forth great
effort.

ha’xti-tha-k’o", you put forth great
effort.

ha-xti-o®-ki-k’o" i,
great effort.

ha’-zho®, what are you doing? what

did you do?

ha’ zhu-dse, red strouding.

he (Om. same), louse.

he, horn.

He-ba’-to"-he, Stubby-horns. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the worn-
down horn of the buffalo.

he’-be, a piece; a part; portion.

he’be, the half of. A ritual expression.

he’-be ba-no®-the, intermission; a
pause; a temporary discontinu-
ance.

he’-be ba-no®-the tse 0®-tho® a-ga-pa

bi a, I waited for an intermission.

he’-be ho®-zhi, a defect; defective;
(2) part not good.

He-ba-ku-ge, Blunt-horns.
name.

he’-be-no’, partly; not whole; partial.

he-be tha-shpe, to bite off a piece.

he-be btha-shpe, I bit off a piece.
he-be sta’-shpe, you bit off a piece.

67025—32 5

we put forth

Personal

OSAGE DICTIONARY

59

he’-be-tho"-tho", piece by piece.

he’-bthe, I think.

He’-gka-mo-i2, | White-horn-walks.
Personal name. Refers to the
buck deer with white horns.

He’-go"-ho", White-horns. Personal
name.

he-go™ zhi"-ga, little white louse; a nit.

he-ga’ (Om. same), turkey buzzard.

he-ga’-xa, scalp lock; horn.
he’-ga-xa_ u-gtho®-the,

branches on the horns.
he’-go®, possible.

he-he’, rapid breathing; to pant; res-
piration.

a’-he-he, I pant.

tha-he’-he, you pant.

o®-he’-ha i, we pant.
he’-no"-no®-ge, to come running.
he’-shka-shka-tho?, to hop.

he’-shka-shka-tho"® bthe, I hopped.

he’-shka-shka-tho” stse, you hopped.

he’-shka-shka-tho® o®-ga-tha i, we

hopped.

he’-tsi", to sneeze. When one sneezes
an Osage will say, ‘‘Ah! somebody
is slandering me.”

he-a’-tsi7, I sneeze.
he’-tha-tsi", you sneeze.
he’-xpa, frowzy; unkempt.
wa-k’u a-ka ta-xpi tho" he’-xpa bi a,
the woman has a frowzy head.
ni’-ka a-ka he’-xpa bi a, the man is
unkempt.
he’-xthi*, a mink; a ferret; a weasel.
a’-ga-ha-mi wi-ta tho™ he-xthi™ ha
a-ba-ta bi a, my coat is trimmed
with mink.

he’-xthi zhi®-ga, little ground squir-
rel.

hi, to.

hi, to arrive at a place.

hi, stalk; trunk of a tree or vine; legs.

hi (Om. same), tooth or teeth.

hi’ -cga-da—hi, leg; ca-da, outstretched:
outstretched legs; this refers to
the eagle’s leg fastened to the
shrine. This gens belongs to the
Ho”’-ga division.

hi’-dse-the, hurry; hasten.

hi’-dse-a-the, I hurried him.
hi’-dse-tha-the, you hurried him.
hi’-dse-o®-wo"-tha i, we hurried him.

the large

60

hi’ -e, it disappears.
hi’-e ge, the setting of the sun.
Hi’-ga-mo"-ge, Eagle-down. Female
personal name. Refers to the use
of the eagle down in ceremonies.
hi’-gi-ga-xe, teeth repairer; dentist.
hi’-gi-ga-xe a-ka dsi bthe ha, I am
going to the dentist.
hi’-gi-ga-xe a-ka dsi mo®-thi"® 0, you
must go to the dentist.
hi’-go, a fable; a myth; a story not
to be taken literally. Fables and
myths are told only in the winter-
time, when the snakes lie frozen
underground. They are the guar-
dians of truth, and an untrue
story arouses the anger of a snake.
hi’-gthi", to sit in lonely places.
hi-k’e’, muscles of the chin.
hi’-k’e, teeth.
hi‘-ke no®-be-te a-btha-co®-dse, I
held him firmly with my teeth.
hi’-ke-no®-be-te a-shda-co"-dse, you
held him firmly with your teeth.
hi’-ko®, ankles.
hi’-ko" wi-ta zhi*-ga ha, my ankles
are small.
hi’-ko"-a-ce, to fetter a horse. This
duty was never a pleasant one to
the boy of the family.
ka’-wa wi-ta to" hi’-ko®-a-ce pa-xe,
I fettered my horse.
ka’-wa thi-ta to” hi’-ko*-a-ce shka-xe,
yor fettered your horse.
ka’-wa o®-gu-to" hi’-ko®-a-ce o®-ga-
xa i, we fettered our horses.
hi’-ko®-i-no"-do®, a hamstring.
hi’ -ko"-i-thi-ge, to hobble.
hi’-ko® i-zhi*-ga, small of the leg; the
ankle.
hi’-ko" ta-xe, the ankle bone.
hi’-ko® wi-ta a-no™-xo" ha, I broke
my ankle bone.
hi’-ko" thi-ta tha-no"-xo™ ha, you
broke your ankle bone.
hi’-kshe ta u-ba-he, pertaining to
the teeth.
hi*, an interrogative sign, indicating
that a question has been asked.
hi*, hair of the human body; also the
hair of an animal.
hi*, hair or fur.
hi™ -ba-co-dse, to molt; to shed.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

Hi"-ba-sda, Sheds-his-hair. Personal
name. Refers to the shedding of
the hair of the buffalo.

Hi*-ci”-mo"i®, Brown-hair-walker.
Personal name. Refers to the
color of the buffalo calf.

hi®-gka’ zhi"-ga, small beads.

hi*’-go-dse, sleek; smooth;
hair of an animal.
ka’-wa a-ka hi®’-co-dsa bi a, the
horse has glossy hair.
hi"-cka’—hi”, modification of the word
i», stone; ¢ka, white. This is a
word applied to beads of all colors
by the Osage and Omaha.
hi*-cka’ wa-no"-p’i", bead necklace.
hi*-da’, now; at this moment; at once.
hi2-da’ to®-be tse, now, let me see.
hi®-dse, the linden tree and its bark.
The inner bark of this tree was
often used in making twine and for
rough weaving. The inner bark
of the following trees was also used:
hi»’-dse xo-dse, gray linden (sap-
lings).
hi®’-dse zhu-dse, red linden.
hi®’-dse sha-be, dark linden.
hi"-dse wa-xtha, the papaw.
hi*’-dse xtsi hi tse-dse u-hni-tse
u-wa no®-zhi", I stood under the
linden tree.
hi™’-dse xtsi hi tse-dse u-tha no®-zhi2,
you stood under the linden tree.
hi™-dse a-zhi, shelf of a cupboard.
hit’-dse be-shi", any piece of china
that flares, like a bowl or cup.
hi’-dse btha-k’a, a plate.
hi®’-dse btha-k’a tse a-wa-no®-bthe
ga-ha i tse a-the, I put the plates
on the table.

hi”-dse btha-tha—hi”-dse, bowls
made of basswood; btha-tha,
widened: the Osage name for
china plate.

hi™-dse btha-xe, china plate.

hin’-dse-e zhi"-ga, a small china cup.

hi’-dse gthi-gthi-e, slippery elm.

hi’-dse hiu, the papaw (Asimina
triloba). The fruit of this tree is
used for food by the Osage. When
the banana became known to
them they applied the name
to’-zho®-ge, because of the resem-

glossy

LA FLESCHE]

hi*’-dse hiu—continued.
blance to the shape of the papaw
and also to its taste.

hi-dse ni-stse-stse.
gthi-gthi-e.)

hi”-dse ni-stsi-stue, slippery elm
( Ulmus fulva).

hi*’-dse-pe, a wooden tray or bow! for
bread or meat.

hi*’-dse pe u-zhi, a place for keeping
dishes or cooking utensils; a
cupboard.

hi*’-dse pe zhi®-ga, a dish or dishes.

hi’-dse pe zhi*-ga tse-ga o®-k’i a,
give me new dishes.

hi™-dse thi-zha. (See shi thi’-zha.)

hi®-dse tu-hu, a piece of wood used for
fire drill.

hi*’-dse xtsi hi, the bass or linden tree.

hit’-dse xtsi hi tse-dsi u-hni-tse
u-wa no®-zhi ha, I stood under the
linden tree.

hix’-dse xtsi hi tse-dsi u-hni-tse
u-tha no®-zhi ha, you stood under
the linden tree.

Hi -ga-mo*-ge, Feathers-scattered-
by the wind. Female personal
name. Refers to the dropping of
the downy feathers as the eagle
rises to fly.

hi-ni’-e mo®-ko"—hi-ni’-e, toothache;

(See hi®’-dse

mo®-ko", medicine: toothache
medicine; creosote.

hi®-ga mo” -thi", scattered in the
4 )

* wind when the bird was struck.
hi-ni‘-e, pain in tooth; toothache.

hi o*’-ni-e, I have a toothache.

hi’-thi-ni-e, you have a toothache.
Hi” -i*-ki"-da-bi, Feather-fought-

over. Female personal name.
hi*’-no"-xpe ga-xe. (See tsiu-i-btha
u-thi-sho?®.)

hi*’-no*®-xpe-gthe, bird’s, nest.
wa-zhi®-ga hi®’-no®-xpe-gthe wi" i-
tha’-the ha, I found a bird’s nest.
wa-zhi®-ga hi®’-no®-xpe-gthe wi® i’-
tha-the ha, you found a bird’s
nest.
hi’ no®, come to.
hi’ no®-no®, to come habitually,
hi’-no®-zhi®*, having arrived there and
stood. (From a ritual.)
hi*-pa’, glue. The Indians made glue
of turtle shells.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

61

Hi*-sha’, Caddo Indian Tribe.
hi” shko-be, hairy; covered with hair.
hi™’-stse-dse, shaggy or long haired.
sho™-ge a-ka hi®’-stse-dsa bi a, the
dog is shaggy.

Hi*-wa-xa-ga, Rough-hair. Personal
name.
hi*’-wa xa-ga, the porcupine. This is

also the name of a subgens of the
I»-gtho™-ga gens; acts as Sho’-ka
to both itself and the gens.
hi™ -xa, to felicitate; to compliment.
a-hi*’-xa, I felicitate.
tha-hi*-xa, you felicitate.
o*®-hi®-xa i, we felicitate.
hi*’-xe-be, shallowfur. An expression
used by the Osage to indicate the
fur is short.
hi™-xe go"-ce, flattery; false praise.
hi’-pa-hi-kshe, incisors; the sharp
teeth.
hi-pe’, the gum of the mouth.
hi-pe’ ni-e, gumboil.
hi-pe’ ke o®-ni-e ha, I have a gum-
boil.
hi-pe’ ke thi-ni-e ha, you have a
gumboil.
hi’-pshe, to stumble and fall; to trip.
hi’-pshe pa-xe ha, I tripped him.
hi’-pshe o®-shka-xe ha, you tripped
me.
hi’-pshe 0®-ga-xa i, we tripped him.
hi’-shno"-shno?, taking rapid strides.
hi’-shno"-shno® a-tha, I took rapid
strides.

hi’-shno®-shno® tha-the, you took
rapid strides.
hi’-shno"-shno® o"tha i, we took

rapid strides.
hi-tha’, to bathe in a stream.
hi-tha’ bthe ha, I go to bathe.
hi-tha’ ne ha, you go to bathe.
hi-tha’ 0®-ga-tha i ha, we go to bathe.
hi-tha’-da-da-xe, chatterer; screech
owl. To the Osage and the Omaha
the screech owl is a bird of ill
omen. When the ceries of a
screech owl are heard near a house
the occupants hurry out to scare
the bird away.
hi-tha’ -gi-gi-dse, to gnash; the gnash-
ing of the teeth; the grinding of the
teeth when in a rage.

62

hi’-tha-xa, loin cloth; diaper; breech-
cloth.

hi-the’, to have gone; to have de-
parted; (2) to cause to reach there;
to send thither.

Hi’-tho-ka-thi", Bare-legs. Personal
name.

Hi’-tho-ka-thi", Long-bow. Personal
name.

hi‘-tho®-be, made to appear; exposed.
hi’-tho®-be a-gthis, I am exposed.
hi’-tho®-be tha-gthi", you are ex-
posed.
hi’-tho"-be o*-ga-gthi® i,
exposed.
hi’-to-we, kettle with four legs, like
an old-fashioned iron pot.
hi-tse’-the, he placed upon
ground.
hiu, a leg; trunk of a tree; vines;
stalks of plants.
hiu, several; many; more than one or
two.
mo®-zho® wi-ta tho" xtha-be ke hiu,
there are many trees on my land.
hiu’ a-tha bi, increase in numbers.
hiu’dse, same as u-ga’-hu-dse.
hi-u’dse—hi, modification of the word
he, vermin; u-dse, hunt or hunter—
vermin-hunter: monkey.
hiu’dse ta, down below.
hiu’dse to*-ga, a gorilla;
monkey.
hiu’-dse to®-ga a-ka o®-ba ha-ca bi a,
the gorilla frightened me.
hiu’ e tho, there are many.
ha’-ba ke hiu’ e tho, there are many
ears of corn.
hiu’-ga-sha-ge, particles of food that
lodge between the teeth while
eating.
hiu’-ga-sha-ge i-ba-gu-dse, a tooth-
pick.
hiu’-ga-sha-ge i-ba-gu dse wi” a-k’i o,
give me a toothpick.
hiu’gthe, upright poles of a house.
hiu’-gthe, frame of a house.
tsi tse hiu’gthe ge thi-shto® bi a, the
frame of the house is finished.
Hiu’-gthe-to"-ga, Big-legs. Personal
name. Refers to the great size of
the buffalo bull’s legs.

we are

the

a big

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

hiu’-he-ga, sick; ill; sickness.
o*-hiu’-he-ga, I am sick.
tha-hiu’-he-ga, you are sick.
wa-hiu’-he-ga i, we are sick.
hiu’-he-ga ga-xe—hiu-he-ga,
ga-xe, to make: to sicken.
hiu’-he-ga tsi, sick house; hospital.
hiu’-he-ga tsi tse ta o®-ga-thi® o®-ga
hi bi a, we took him to the hos-
pital.
hi’-u-i, dentition.
zhi®-ga zhi"-ga a-ka hiu’-i a-ka tho,
the child is teething.

hiu’-i*-ge, leggings (man’s).

hiu’‘i*-ge da-pa, leggings (woman’s).

hiu’-i-ni, garter.

hi’ u-mo"-ka, easy to reach.

tsi wi-ta tse i’-the u-mo*-ka ha, my
house is easy to reach.

tsi thi-ta te u-hi a-shka, your house
is easy to reach.

tsi o"-gu-ta i-te u-hi a-shka, our
house is easy to reach.

hiu’-the, to cause to come.

expression.

hiu to” -ga, the large teeth; the molars.

hiu to®-ga wi" o®-tha gu-dse ha, I
have a hole in one of my molars.
hiu-to®-ga, a great many; a multi-
tude.

hiu-wa’-gthi", very many.

hiu’-wa-thi-xtha-dse, sensitive plant
(Morongia uncinata), sometimes
called leg clutcher. No use has
been found for this plant. It
received its latter name because
hunters were annoyed by its
hooklike thorns clutching their
leggings.

Hiu’-wa-thi-xtha-dse zhu-dsa bi,
when the sensitive rose becomes
red in bloom: the month of June.

Hiu’-wa-thi-xtha xtha zhu-dsa bi,
when blooms the sensitive rose:
the month of May.

hiu’-zhu, gums of the mouth.

hi-zhu’, the calf of the leg.

hi’-zhu-ga-wa, the muscles of my
jaw.
hi’-zhu-ga-wa ke o®-ni-e, the mus- —
cles of my jaw ache.
hna’-to®, you drink.

sick;

A ritual

LA FLESCHE]

hni’-tse, cold.
hni-o*-tse, I am cold.
hni-thi’-tse, you are cold.
hni-a-wa-tsa i, we are cold.
hni wa’-gthi*, very cold; frigid.
hni’-wa-tse, to be cold.
hni’-wa-tse, cold weather; a cold day.
hni’-wa-tse wa-gthi2, very cold.
hni’-wa-tse wa-gthi® bi a, hni’-wa-
tsi kshe ta ha, it is very cold in
the north.
ho, fish. Both Osage and Omaha use
fish for food.
ho’ a-hi—ho, fish; a-hi*, wings—fish
wings: fins.
ho-btha’-gka, flat fish, perch.
ho-btha’-gka a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi*
bi a, perch is good to eat.
ho’-ga-gi, to call loudly; to yell.
a-ho’-cga-gi, I called loudly.
tha-ho’-cga-gi, you called loudly.
o*-ho’-ca-gi i, we called loudly.
Ho’-cga-zhit-e, Young-strong-voice.
Personal name.
ho-gka’: crappie—ho, fish; ¢ka, white.
Ho-go®, Braided-fish. Personal name.
Refers to the braidedlike appear-
ance of the scales.
ho’-e, a mortar.
ho’-e-ga, snares for the animals. A
ritual expression.
ho’-e-ga, bare spot (symbolic mean-
ings). This bare spot on the
ground has a dual symbolism. It
represents the center of the fore-
head of the mythical elk, which is
called ho’-e-ga, a term for an
inclosure in which all life takes on
bodily form, never to depart
therefrom except by death. It
also stands for the earth which the
mythical elk made to be habitable
by separating it from the water.
Often this term is used to express
the camp of the tribe when cere-
monially pitched. The deeper
significance refers to the ancient
conception of life as proceeding
from the combined influences of
the cosmic forces. This word ho’-
e-ga corresponds to the Omaha
word hu’-thu-ga, which has the
same meaning.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

63

ho’-e-ga gi-pshe wa-tho., Song of
Walking Over the Earth. The
words of this song imply that they
proceed from a person who had
just accomplished a difficult task,
and are addressed to one for whom
the great task was performed.
This is a version of the Tsi’-zhu
Wa-shta-ge gens.

Ho-ga’-xa, Fish-fins. Personal name.

ho-gthe’-zhe, a spotted fish (picker-
el?).

ho’-ho gtho"-the cki-ge ke do®*-be,
see the ponderous fish.

ho’-i-gi, fishhook.

ho-i‘-ha to®-ga, big-mouthed fish;
the bass. (See ho-ko®’-ha-sha-be.)

ho-i’-ha zhi®-ga, small-mouthed fish,
the sucker; buffalo fish.

ho-i’-ko"-the (Om. same), fishline.

Ho’ I-ni-ka-shi-ga, Fish People. The
name of a gens. |

ho-i’-tha-ge, gills.

ho-i’-zha-pshe, a fish spear.

hu-hu’ to®-ga kshe ho-i’-zha-pshe ke
i-tse a-the ha, I killed the big fish
with a spear.

ho’-ka-gi, kidney fat.

Ho’-ki-a-ci, Wriggling-fish. Personal
name.

Ho’-ki-e-gi, Splashing-fish. Personal
name. Refers to the splashing of
the fish in the water as it plays.

ho-ko™-ha sha-be, black-edged fish;
black bass.

ho?, night.

ho® a-di, last night.

ho® a’-do®, why; what.

ho-ba, day. In the Osage tribal
rites the cloudless day is used as
an emblem of peace. It is a life
symbol of the Peace gens. The
sacred personal name adopted by
this gens is Ho*’-ba tha-gthi*,
Peaceful day.

ho”’-ba ca-ni, daily; from day to day.

ho”’-ba gka—ho?-ba, day; ¢ka, white:
daylight.

ho”-ba do, in the daytime.
term is from a ritual.

ho™-ba gi-tha-de, a sentence pro-
nounced by a court; a day of
reckoning.

This

64

ho®’-ba gi-tha-de—continued.
ho”-ba wa-gi-tha-de wi® e-dsi a-ka
ni’-ka-shi-ga ga-ni, there is a day

of reckoning for everybody.
Ho -ba-hiu, Day-comes. Personal

name. Refers to the passing of
night.

ho"™-ba i’-ta-xe, the tip or beginning
of day.

ho-ba i-ta-xe tho" dsi, at the be-
ginning of the day.

ho’-ba-ki, when it is day.

Ho”-ba pa-ho"-gthe—Ho™-ba, day;
pa-ho"-gthe, first—first day: Mon-
day.

ho®-ba-ha’-shi tse, the last day; (2)
Judgment day.

Ho”-ba stse-dse, moon of the long
days; January. This is the ver-
sion of Black Dog, but according
to Fred Lookout it is the month
of February.

Ho” -ba-tha-gthi®, Peaceful-days.
Personal name. Refers to the
office of peacemaker.

ho” -ba the-ga, this day; to-day.

ho” -ba the-go"-dsi, nowadays.

ho-ba u-ga-sha-be, dusk; evening
of the day.

Ho”-ba u-ga-xe-thi"-ge—Ho”-ba,
day; u-ga-xe, in which things are
done; thi=-ge, none—the day on
which nothing is done: Saturday.

ho -ba-wa-cka, the whiteness of day.

ho” -ba wa-ko"-da-gi, a week.
ho”-ba i-zho*", to sleep during the

day.

ha®’-ba i-tha’-zho", I sleep during
the day.

ho®’-ba i’-tha-zho, you sleep during
the day.

ho”-ba u-ga-go"-ho"—ho"-ba, day;
u-ga-¢o"-ho®, stricken with light:
dawn.

ho”’-ba wa-gu, that is clean; spotless;
cloudless. These are expressions
also found in rituals.

Ho" -ba Wa-ko"-da-gi—ho"™-ba, day;
Wa-ko®-da-gi, sacred—sacred day:
Sunday.

ho”-ba wa-thi-tho"-ba ha ta bi
tse, the day on which we will be
separated: doomsday.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

Ho’-ba we-do-ba—ho”-ba, day; we-
do-ba, fourth—the fourth day:
Thursday.

ho”-ba we-tha-bthi‘, the third day,
or Wednesday.

Ho”-ba we-tho®-ba—ho"-ba, day;
we-tho®-ba, second—the second
day: Tuesday.

ho®-be’, moccasins.

ho"-be’ a-ba-cta, to patch moccasins.

ho®-be a-pa-¢ta, I patched the moc-
casins.

ho®-be’ a-shpa-cta, you patch the
moccasins.

ho®-be’ o®-ga-ba-cta i, we patched
the mocassins.

ho®-be’ a-gi-no®-ca-da, I stretched
my moccasins by wearing them.

ho-be’ tha -gi - no" -g¢a-da, you
stretched your moccasins by
wearing them.

ho®-be’ a-gtho®, moccasin sole.

Ho*-be’-gu Wi-gi-e, cutting of moc-
casin ritual. In this ritual full
details of the ceremonial move-
ments of the cutting of the buffalo
skin and the sewing of the sym-
bolic moccasins are given. During
the recital of this ritual there are
three pairs of moccasins made, two
of which are specially for the
Xo-ka for his sacerdotal attire.

Ho™-be-do-ka, Wet-moccasins. Fe-
male personal name.

ho’ be i*-dse ha, the face of the moc-
casin; the lappets.

ho®-be ko", moccasin or shoe string.

ho®-be’-ko® a-gi-no™ ba-xe, I broke
my moccasin string.

ho®-be’ ste-tse—ho"-be, moccasins;
ste-tse, long or tall—tall moccasins:
boots.

ho®-be’ u-ga-wi"-xe—ho*-be, mocca-
sins; u-ga-wi®-xe, in which a wind-
ing is made: socks.

ho®-be u-ga-wi"-xe to-ho ge xta a-the,
IT like blue socks.

ho"-be’-u-pe, the ground wasp. This
name was given because the wasp
sometimes enters a moccasin and
the owner gets stung when put-
ting the foot in the moccasin.

LA FLESCHE]

ho"-be’-u-to", to put on moccasins.
ho®-be’ u-wa-to", I put on moccasins.
ho®-be’ u-tha-to", you put on moc-
casins.
ho®-be’-o®-gu-to" i, we put on moc-
casins.
ho”™-bthe, to dream.
ho2-a’-bthe, I dream.
ho"-tha’-bthe, you dream.
ho*’-o®-btha i, we dream.
ho®-bthi™ ba-hi, sand-hill crane; bean
picker.
ho"-bthi” - ga-be, black beans.
ho®-bthi”-gu, bean seed (Falcata
comosa). This is used as a symbol
in the Osage rites.
ho"®-bthi™-ge, beans.
ku-ku-cgi ta ho®-bthi’-ge u-thu-ki-
ho® o®-cu shna a-tha, I like beans
cooked with pork.
ho®-bthi*’-ge tse pa-hi, I sorted the
beans.
ho"-bthi"-ge ci-gthe-gi, yellow spot-
ted beans.
ho"-bthi” hi, the wild-bean vine;
belongs to the same family as
hot-bthi® gu. The plant is con-
sidered a delicious food.
ho” bthi"-sha-be’ e’-go", black bean
like, water beetle. This is used as
a symbol by the Wa-ca’-be gens.
LEGEND

The people spake to the Water-beetle, saying
“O, grandfather

It is not possible for the little ones to dwell upon
the face of the water.

We ask you to make search for a way out of our
difficulty.’’

The Water-beetle replied: “‘O, my children,

You ask me to search for a way out of your
difficulty.”’

Thereupon he pushed forth, even against the
current.

Running swiftly upon the surface of the water,

He came toa bend of the water,

Then spake, saying: ‘‘It is impossible for me to
give you help, O, my grandchildren.

Although it is not possible for me to give you
help,

I will say to you; My walk of life is upon the sur-
face of the water.

The little ones shall make of me their symbols,

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

They shall be free from all causes of death as they
travel the path of life.’’

Ho-gka’, White-fish. Personal name.
ho” -gka, any kind. (From aritual.)

OSAGE DICTIONARY

65

ho” -cka-do®, no particular size.

ho” -gko"-cka, midnight.

ho”-do*, during the night.

Ho” -do®-wa-k’u, Woman-of-the-
night. Female personal name.

ho” e-do", same as wa-ha’gi-the.

Ho”-ga, The-sacred-one. Personal
name.

Ho -ga, the name of one of the two
great tribal divisions of the Osage
Tribe, the division representing
the earth with its water and dry
land. The word signifies sacred or
holy, an object that is venerated.
It is also the name of a subdivision
representing the dry land of the
earth. The dark-plumed eagle is
spoken of by this term, because of
its symbolic use; a child chosen as
an emblem of innocence in a peace
ceremony is called Ho-ga. The
origin of the word, being obscure,
can not be analyzed.

Ho” -ga-a-gthi, Good-eagle. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the eagle
that is friendly to the people.

ho” -ga a-ki-tse, watching the Ho”-ga
or child representing a symbol in
this ceremony.

Ho” -ga-gthe-zhe, Mottled-eagle.
Personal name. Refers to the im-
mature golden eagle.

ho” -ga gthe-zhe, the mottled sacred
one, the immature golden eagle.

Ho” -ga-ha-bi, He-who-is-called-Ho2-
ga. Personal name.

ho”-ga o"-be gthe-zhe, spotted
eagle.
Ho” -ga-to"-ga, Great-eagle. Per-

sonal name.

ho” -ga u-ta-no"-dsi, the name of a
gens taking part in the I’-ga-gthe
Bo-do Wa-tsi (Dance of the
supporting poles of a loom frame).
All the various groups having
taken part in this dance, the leader
of the Ho”’-ga u-ta-no®-dsi gens
recites a wi'-gi-e relating to the
symbolic significance of the drum
rattle. After this the Mi-k’i" wa-
no® leader begins to beat the drum
carried by a servant of the Ho”
I-ni-ka-shi-ga gens and sings a song,

66 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

ho*’-ga u-ta-no®-dsi—continued.

the words of which are addressed
to the young women and men as
though a father were singing to
his daughters and sons, using the
special paternal kinship term.
After the first phrase of this song
the Ho*’-ga U-ta-no"-dsi leader
beats his rattle and in his turn
starts the song and then all the
No’ -ho®-zhi®-ga join in the sing-
ing. This name was also applied
to a strange people, by the leader
of the Wa-zha-zhe division, who
found them while wandering over
the earth in company with the
Ho”-ga and Tsi’-zhu divisions,
after the three great divisions had
left the sky for the earth. These
strangers were in the habit of
destroying life.

Ho®-ga-wi", Eagle-woman. Female
personal name.
Ho*-gthi’, Night-has-returned. Per-

sonal name.

ho” i-ni-ka-shi-ga—ho”, night; i, by
whom; ni-ka-shi-ga, became
people: they became the people
of the night.

ho” -i-thi"-do", pertaining to the
night; nocturnal.

ho” -ka-zhi, no; not so.

Ho"-mo"-da-k’o", Light-on-the-earth.
Personal name.

Ho” -mo"-i, Moves-in-the-night.
Personal name.

ho” -ni, nearly; almost.

ho”-ni u-wa-tsi7, I nearly struck
him.

ho’ -ni u-tha-tsi", you nearly struck
him.

ho”’-ni 0®-gu-tsi" ba-thi" i, we nearly
struck him.
ho”™-no"-pa-ce—ho®, night; no®-pa-
ce, darkness: night darkness—jail.
This refers to the gloomy aspect of
the prison.
ho” -no®-pa-ge tsi, guardhouse; pris-
on.
ho”’-no®-pa-ce tsi tse u-gthi® a-tha
bi a, he went to prison.
ho”™-no"-pa-ce u-gthi", a jail sen-
tence.

[BULL. 109
ho”-no"-pa-ge u-gtho", to arrest
one; to place in jail.
ho™-no®-pa-ce o"-wo" gtho" i, they
put me in jail.
ho®’-be-pa-ce u-thi-gtho" i, they put
you in jail.
ho’-no"-pa-cge u-k’o"-he, to im-
prison; imprisonment; to place in
confinement.
ho"-no”-pa-ge u-mo®-thit bi o,
they walked in darkness.
ho’-no®-ka, back of fish.
ho” -shki, any; at random; no definite
aim;
ho™-shki a-tha bi a, he went at
random.
ho” -ta-tse gi’-wa-tse-xi, undecided.
ho”’-ta-tse o"-wo"-tse-xi ha, I am
undecided.
ho”’-ta-tse thi-wa-tse-xi ha, you are
undecided.
ho” -tse-ga, common house fly.
ho»’-tse-ga_ to-ho, blue fly;
blowfly.
ho’’-tse gi-wa-tse-xi, dilemma; per-
plexing; intricate; embarrassing.
ho” -tse wa-ha-gi-the, precarious;
uncertain.
ho’’-tse o®-ha-gi-the, I am uncertain.
ho”’-tse thi’-ha-gi-the, you are uncer-
tain.
ho" u-to"-ga, night at its greatest
strength; middle of the night;
midnight.
Ho”-wa-k’u, Night-woman.
personal name.
ho" wa’-tho®, night singing. These
songs have no particular associa-
tion with the actions of the cere-
mony or the rituals; they are sung
between the making of the cere-
monial moccasins and the sym-
bolic painting of the Sho’-ka and
the Xo’-ka preparatory to their
approach to the entrance of the
sacred house with the candidate.
These songs are always sung in the
evening, and the reason is for the
purpose of lightening the cere-
monial task of the following day
and making it less burdensome for
those who are to sit through all the
ceremony. While they are of

the

Female

——
———s

ee ee ee

LA FLESCHE]

ho® wa’-tho"—continued.
minor importance, they can not
be omitted.
ho*®-wo"-xpa-the, I am lost.
ho” -xti o®-xti a, what kind?
ho’-o-gtho®, to fish; to go fishing.
ho’-o-gtho" a-wi-pe, I invite you to
go fishing.
ho’-o-gtho® o2-tha-pe, you invited
me to go fishing.
ho’-o-gtho® 0®-ga-thi-pa i, we invited
you to go fishing.
ho’-o-gtho" bthe a tho, I am going
fishing.
ho’-o-gtho" stse a(?) are you going
fishing?

Ho-pa’, Fish-head. Personal name.
ho-pa’-gu-stse-e—ho, fish; pa’gu, tip
of nose; stse-e, long: garfish.

ho-pa’-ni-dse, a tadpole.
ho-pe’cka, a small fish with a white
spot on the head.
ho’-pi-gi, fish gall.
ho’-sha, wart. Among the Osage
they have a cure for warts, by
rubbing a number of small sticks
together on a wart, then strewing
them on a much-traveled path.
When the sticks are worn out the
wart will disappear.
ho-sha’ i-thi-¢ta covered with warts;
warty.
ho’sha-tsi-the, to startle.
ho’-sha-tsi-the pa-xe, I startled him.
ho’-sha-tsi-the o®-shka-xe, you star-
tled me.

ho’-sha-tsi-the o*-thi-ga-xa i, we
startled you.
ho’-stse-e-zhi"-ga—ho, fish; stse-e,

long; zhi®-ga, little—little long
fish: the pickerel.
ho’-thi-cge i-ko"®-the, fishhook line.
ho’to®, the cry or call of animals or
birds.
ho’-to®-be, to search.
hu-xtha-be ke ho’-to®-be pa-xe mo®*-
shti®-ge wi® i-tha-the ko®-btha, I
searched the woods for a rabbit.
ho’-to®-ga, large fish; whale. This is
also the name by which the Osage
call the Winnebago Tribe.
ho’-tse-dse-xe, fish bladder.
ho’-u-thu-thi*-ge, to catch fish with;
a fishhook.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

67

ho’-wa-ge stsi-wi"a (?) where did you
buy it?
ho’-wa-ge thi®-ge, nowhere.
ho’-wa-gi to" tha-tsi a(?) where did
you come from?
Ho-wa -hi, Fish-bone.
name.
ho’-wa-i"-ge, where; in what place.
ho-wa-i"-gi’-to"-tse, from what
source, what direction.
ho’-wa-ki-pa-tse, of the groups of
gods. (From a ritual.)
ho’-wa-the, where; which one.
ho’-wa-thi"-ke, which one (sitting).
ho-we’, yes.
ho’-we, mortar; coffee mill; gristmill.
The mortar is made out of a piece
of wood hollowed out by burning.
The lower part is cut down and
sharpened for thrusting into the
ground to hold the mortar in place.
ho’-we e-dsi a-hi bi 0, yes, he arrived
there.
ho’-we-pa, pestle.
ho’-we-ts’a, snakefish; eel.
by the Osage for food.
ho’-we-tsi—ho-we, mortar; tsi, house:
gristmill.
ho’-we tsi tse pshi ha, I went to the
gristmill.
ho’-we tsi tse shi ha, you went to the
gristimill.
ho’-we-tsi a-thi*, keeper of a grist-
mill; a miller.
ho’-we-zhi"-ga, small coffee mill.
Ho-xi™-ha, Fish-skin. Personal
name.
Ho-xo’, Fish-scales. Personal name.
ho’-xpa-xpa, consumption (disease of
the lungs).
ho’-xpe-xthi-xthi, phlegm.
ho’-xtho" ta-xe, a plant used by the
Osage in their ceremonial rites
(Sparganium).
ho-zhu’-dse, sun perch.
hu, to be coming to this place.
hu, voice.
ni‘-ka wi® hu a-no™-k’o® ha, I heard
a man’s voice.
hu’ o®-tha-no®-k’o" ha, you heard
my voice.
hu-a’-bi-dse, a fish snare, made of
willow saplings tied together so as
to make one long piece. When

Personal

Not used

68 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

hu-a’-bi-dse—continued.
the snare is finished it is stretched
across the creek and at each end a
man is given the task of pulling
the snare upstream while men and
boys push it, making much noise.
A number of boys are employed to
find a shallow place farther up the
stream to head off the fish and the
snare with its catch is dragged to
the shallow point and the fish are
distributed among the people tak-
ing part in the sport.
hu btha’-cka to®-ga, buffalo fish.
hu btha’-cka zhi*-ga, little flat fish;
perch.
hu’-ga-gi, to exclaim; to shout.
a-hu-ca‘-gi, [ exclaimed.
tha-hu’-ga-gi, you exclaimed.
o®-hu-ca-gi i, we exclaimed.
hu-ci™ -dse, fishtail.
hu gthe’-zhe, pickerel (fish).
hu-i’-ha to"-ga zhi®-ga, trout.
hu i’-ha zhi®-ga, sucker (fish).
hu-i’-ko"-the—hu, fish; i-ko*-the,
line: fishline.
hu i’-thu-xe, fish net.
hu’-ka-gi, fat around the kidneys.
hu pa’-ci stse-e, long-nosed fish; gar-
fish.
hu pa’-ni-dse, tadpole.
hu pa’ u-ga-hi, wags his head; drum-
fish.
hu pe’-gka, fish with white spot in
head.
hu’-tha-xi-dse, to be hoarse.
hu-btha’-xi-dse, [ am hoarse.

i, mouth.
i, they.
i’ a-zhi—i, speak; a-zhi, not—speak
not; a mute; (2) reticent.
i’-a zhi wa-gthi*, a taciturn person.
i’-ba, haft; the handle of a sharp
weapon.
i’-ba, trope for pipestem.
i‘-ba, to swell; to become swollen.
sha’-ge tse o*-tho®-ba, my hand is
swollen.
sha’-ge tse i-thi-ba, your hand is
swollen.
i’-ba-ce, to cut with a knife.
i’-pa-ce, I cut with a knife.

[BULL. 109

hu’-tha-xi-dse—continued.
hu-sta’-xi-dse, you are hoarse.
hu’-o®-tha-xi-dsa i, we are hoarse.
Hu’-to®-ga, Big Fish, the name given
to the Winnebago by the Osage.
Hu’-to"-ga i-e, Winnebago language.
Hu-to"-mo"-i", Roars-as-he-comes.
Personal name.
hu-u-tha’-da-tho", a sound given
back; an echo.
hu-u-tha da-tho™ u-wi2® a-no®-k’o®
ha, I heard an echo.
hu-u-tha da-tho® wi" tha-no®-k’o2
ha, you heard an echo.
hu-u-tha-da-tho® wi® o®-no®-k’o® i,
we heard an echo.
hu’-u-thu-thi*-ge, a fish catcher; a
seine.
hu’-wa-ge, where.
hu we’-ts’a, snakefish; eel.
Hu’-we-tsi, mortar house (gristmill).
hu-xi” -ha, fish scales.
hu’-xpe, to hawk; to clear one’s throat.
hu’-a-xpe, I cleared my throat.
hu’-tha-xpe, you cleared your throat.
hu’-o®-xpa i, we cleared our throats.
hu’-xpe-o", croup; a hard cough.
hu’-xpe-pi-zhi, bad cough; grippe;
influenza.
hu’-xpe xthi-xthi, to cough mucus;
to expectorate.
hu’-xpe xthi i-tha’-to, I expectorated.
hu’-xpe xthi i’-tha-to, you expec-
torated.
hu’-xtha-be, fat that
stomach of a buffalo.
hu zhu’-dse, redfish; sun perch.

covers. the

i‘-ba-¢ge—continued.
i’-shpa-ce, you cut with a knife.
o*-tho-»’-ba-¢a i, we cut with a knife.
i’-ba-btha-cka, to make a smooth
surface on a board.
i’-ba-gi, to chase passers-by.
i’-pa-ci, I chased the passer-by.
I’-shpa-¢i, you chased the passer-by.
o*-tho®-ba-gi i, we chased the passer-
by.
i’-ba-¢po", to nudge or thrust at (as
with a knife).
i‘-pa-cpo”, I thrust at (with a knife).
i’-shpa-gpo®, you thrust at (with a
knife).

P|
9
*

ee ee

LA FLESCHE]

i’-ba-¢po"— continued.
o"-tho®-ba-cpo" i,
(with a knife).
i’-ba-ho®, to know.
i’-pa-ho®, I know.
i’-shpa-ho", you know.
o®-tho”’-ba-ho® i, we know.
i’-pa-ho® mo”-zhi, I do not know.
i’-shpa-ho® a-zhi, you do not know.
o®-tho™-ba-ho® ba-zhi i, we do not
know.

i’-ba-shta-dse, to pick up something
with the end of a stick.

i’-pa-shta-dse, I picked it up with a
stick.

i’-shpa-shta-dse, you picked it up
with a stick.

o®-tho®-’ba-shta-dsa i, we picked it
up with a stick.

i-ba-shta-ha, to

surface.

i’-pa-shta-ha, I make a smooth sur-
face.

i’-shpa-shta-ha, you make a smooth
surface.

o®-tho”’-ba-shta-ha 1,
smooth surface.

i’-ba-tse, to apply a firebrand to a
pipe or a bowl.

I’-ba-tse, the name of an Osage
gens that has the office of light-
ing the sacred pipe used in a
ceremony; they also have the
office of dismissing the spirits of
the dead.

I’-ba-tse ta-dse, the-gathering-of-the-
winds. The name of a subgens of
the Ho»’-ga Zhi®-ga gens; acts as
Sho’-ka to both itself and the
gens.

i’-ba-xo", to break an object by strik-
ing it with a stick.

i-pa-xo®, I broke it by striking it with
a stick.

i-shpa-xo®, you broke it by striking it
with a stick.

o"-tho®-ba-xo" i, we broke it by
striking it with a stick.

i’-ba-xthu-dse, to flesh a hide with

some instrument.

i’-ba-xtse, to tie with a cord.

we’-thi zhi"-ga i’-pa-xtse ha, I tied
it with a cord.

we thrust at

make a smooth

we make a

OSAGE DICTIONARY

69

i’-ba-xtse—continued.
we’-thi" zhi-ga i-shpa-xtse ha, you
tied it with a cord.
we’-thi zhi2-ga o®-tho" ba-xtsa i,
we tied it with a cord.
I’-ba-zhu-dse, Red-handled. Personal
name. Refers to the red-handled
knife kept by the Black Bear
(Wa-ca-be) gens.
i’-be hi", a cushion; a pad.
i'-be-hi® zhu-dse wi® a-bthi", I have
a red cushion.
i-be-hi2 ca-be wi® a-shni, you have
a black cushion.
i’-be-hi2 to™-ga wi" o*-ga-thi® i,
we have a large cushion.
i-be-to", to go around.
i’-pe-to®, I go around.
i’-shpe-to", you go around.
o0®-tho®’-be-to® i, we go around.
i’-bi-ce, thirsty.
o2-tho®-bi-ce, I am thirsty.
i’-thi-bi-ce, you are thirsty.
we-a’-bi-ca i, we are thirsty.
i’-bi-co"-dse, close upon his body.
i’-bi-cta, to put one object in contact
with another.
i’-bi-k’u-tha, touching my face with
the symbolic clay. (From a rit-
ual.)
i’-ga-e, ridgepole.
i’-ca-gthe, a post planted in the
ground; a cane or a walking stick.
i’-ca-gthe Bo-do-wa-tsi, dance of
thrusting the loom poles into the
ground. The women dance with-
out moving, the official weavers
accenting time by thrusting the
ends of their loom poles into the
ground. The young men of each
division, led by the carriers of the
standards, dance in a circle, keep-
ing up the double lines, those of
the Tsi’-zhu on their side and those
of the Ho»’-ga on theirs. At the
last note of the song the weavers
violently throw down their poles
to the ground toward the west,
an act which is equivalent to
wishing the warriors of their ene-
mies to fall as do the poles.
i’-ga-gthe da-pa, loom stakes.
i’-ca-gthe u-gthe, crutch.
i’-cda-the, grease for the hair.

70 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

i’-ci, to dislike; to hate; to abhor;
(2) repugnance.
pa’-xe ta-te i’-tha-gi ha, I dislike
doing it.
i-tha’-gi, I hate.
i’-tha-ci, you hate.
o®-tho»’-ci i, we hate.
i’-gi-e wa-the, a knave; a tricky,
deceitful person.
i’-gi-wa-gthi", to detest; great con-
tempt.
i-tha’-ci-wa-gthi", I detest.
i’-tha-ci-wa-gthi", you detest.
on-tho"’-ci-wa-gthi® i, we detest.
i’-gi-wa-the, contemptible; despic-
able; base; vile; infamous.
i-co™-ga, a younger brother.
i-co™ ga u-gi’-ki-e a-ka, he spoke to
his younger brother.
i-¢tu’-hi, elbow.
i-da’-be, together with or in addition
to what one has.
i’-da-ci-hi, sweat lodge.
i’-da-the, to bear a child; to give birth
to an offspring.
i’-da-a-the he, I gave birth to a
child.
i’-da-tha-the he, you gave birth to a
child.
i-do™, a greater number; a majority.
i’-do"-be ga-xe, to imitate; to en-
deavor to do like someone else.
i’-do"-be pa-xe, I imitated him.
i’-do®-be shka-xe, you imitated him.
i’-do®-be 0°-ga-xa i, we imitated him.
i’-do"-be ga-xe, a facsimile.
i-dse’-gi, uncle; father’s or mother’s
brother.
i’-e, to speak.
i-tha’-e, I speak.
i’-tha-e, you speak.
i’-e, a language.
i’-e-a-no®-ce, to interrupt.
i’-e-a-a-no"-ce, I interrupted.
i’-e-a-tha-no®-ce, you interrupted.
i-e-0"-ga-no"-ca i, we interrupted.
i’-e a-thu xu-ge, to drawl; slowness
of speech.
I’-e-cka-wa-the,
Personal name.
i’-e-e-go"-zhi u-tha-ge, to misrep-
resent.
i’-e-e-go"-zhi
resent.

Giver-of-speech.

u-btha-ge, I misrep-

[BULL. 109

i’-e-e-go®-zhi u-tha-ge—contd.
i’-e-e-go"-zhi u-shta-ge, you misrep-
resent.
i’-e-e-go®-zhi o"-gu-tha-ga i, we mis-
represent.
i’-e-go"-ge-go", dialect.
i’-e go"-zhi"-ga, little to say; dumb.
i’-e ki-pa-xtha-dse—i-e, to talk;
ki-pa-xtha-dse, face to each other:
to tattle.
i’-e-ki-the, two persons chosen to act
as ceremonial heralds. These per-
sons are selected by the No*-ho”’-
zhi.-ga from the Wa-¢a’-be gens
and also from the Mi-k’i* or
Tse-do-ga-i"-dse gens. These
heralds are sent out to give notice
to the people that on the following
morning the Do-do®-ho®-ga from
other gentes will offer themselves
to serve. These heralds at once
start out to cry aloud the notice,
the one from the Wa-¢a’-be gens
carrying the knife, going around
the village by way of the Tsi’-zhu,
and the other herald, carrying the
hatchet, goes by the way of the
Ho-ga side. When these two
heralds are confirmed each is given
a downy eagle feather to wear on
the crown of his head as a badge
of his office.
i’-e o"pa-zhi, to disobey.
i’-e o-psha bi go"-tha, insist on being
obeyed.
i‘-e o-psha bi ko®-btha, I insist on
being obeyed.
i’-e o-psha bi shko®-shda, you insist
on being obeyed.
i’-e o-psha bi o®-go"-tha i, we insist
on being obeyed.
i-e’ pi-o*, skilled in the use of lan-
guage.
i-’e-pi-zhi-ga-xe, to curse; to revile.
i’-e-shto*, a talkative person.
i’-e tha-e-zhi—i-e, speech; tha-e-zhi,
repeating falsely: to misconstrue.
i’-e btha-e-zhi, I misconstrue.
i’-e-shta-e-zhi, you misconstrue.
i’-e 0®-tha-e-zhi i, we misconstrue.
i’-e tha-gthi" ga-xa bi a, he de-
livered a fine oration.
i’e tha-gthi* shka-xe o, your oration
was good.

.
|
|

LA FLESCHE]

i’-e-tha-xu-ge, or i-’e-wa-ctu-dse, to

drawl.
i’-e u-gi-pa no" e-gi-tho"—i-e,
speech; u-gi-pa, to follow; no,

usually; e-gi-tho", to say—speech-
to-follow-usually-to-say: to repeat.

i-’e u-ki’-pa-zhi, dissent; to disagree
in opinion.

i’-e-wa-cka, an interpreter; translator.

ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ka i-e-wa-cka_ tha-
gthi bi a, that man is a good
translator.

i’-e wa-ctu-dse, to drawl.
a-thu-xu-ge.)

i’-e wa-tha-zhu-zhi, diatribe; a dis-
cussion; an argument; an abusive
harangue.

i'-e-wa-to-ge, to talk rapidly.

i’-e-0"-wo"-to-ge, I speak rapidly.
i’-e-wa-thi-to®-ge, you speak rapidly.

i’-e wa-we-ga-cko"-the, not in the
real sense; figuratively.

i’-e wi®-kshe, the truth.

i’-ga-bi-zhe, winkers; eyelids.

I’-ga-bu, a Kickapoo Indian.

i’-ga-ce, to cut wood with an ax.

zho” a-ce tse zhi®-ga pa-xe ha, I cut
the wood small.
zho™ tha-ce tse stse-dse shka-xe ha,
you cut the wood long.
zho”’ 0®-ga-ca i, we cut wood.
i’-ga-ci-ge, to stretch, as limbs in
growing.
i’-ga-cki-ge, tedious.
i'-ga-cki-ge wa-tha i ha, it is very
tedious.

i’-ga-cko®-the, to test; to try out;
to examine.

ka’-wa to® i-tha-ga-cko"-bthe ha, I
tested the horse.

we’-thi" kshe i-tha’-ga-cko-bthe ha,
you tested the rope.

i’-ga-dsi-ce, to sweep along; (2) a

(See i’-e

parade.

i’-ga-dsi-o”, to stand abreast in single
line.

i’-ga-dso"-the, abreast; rank and file.

i’-ga-dso"-the mo*-i, to walk
abreast.

i-ga-dso®-the no®-zhi", to stand
abreast.

i’-ga-dso®-the no®-zhi" bu a a-ki’-da
a-ka, the soldiers stood abreast.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

ys

i’-ga-hi, the mixing of several in-
gredients.
i’-ga-k’i-tha, spurs.
i’-ga-pu-ki, slapping with it (refers to
a fish or beaver hitting the water
with the tail).
i’-ga-ta-mo"—i, with which; ga,
strike; ta-mo", ringing sound as of
metal: a bell.
i’-ga-to", to groan; to moan.
i-tha’-ga-to", I groan.
i’-tha-ga-to", you groan.
o0®-tho”’-ga-to® i, we groan.
i’-ga-tse, an implement for skimming
grease from food that is cooking.
i’-ga-xu-xu, streaked with color.
I’-gi-a-ba-zhi, Lost. Personal name.
Refers to the waning moon.
i’-gi-ba-ho®, to identify; to recognize.
i’-tha’-gi-pa-ho", I identified him.
i’-tha-gi-shpa-ho®, you identified him.
o®-tho™-gi-ba-ho® i, we identified
him.
i’-gi-ha, always; ever; often; frequent;
incessant.
i’-gi-ha u-i—i’-gi-ha, always; u-i,
growing—always-growing: peren-
nial.
i’-gi-k’u-tse, to rehearse; rehearsal.
i-tha’-gi-k’u-tse, I rehearsed.
i’-tha-gi-k’u-tse, you rehearsed.
o®-tho” -gi-k’u-tsa i, we rehearsed.
i’-gi-ni-tha, to make a protection of.
i’-gi-no"-hi", to permit, or to give
permission.
i-tha’-gi-no"-hi, I give permission.
i’-tha-gi-no®-hi", you give permission.
o®-tho”’-gi-no®-hi™ i, we give per-
mission.
i’gi-no"-hi* tho"-tse, permissible.
i’-gi-no®-zhi", to depend on some one.
i’-wi-gi-no®-zhi", I depend on you.
i-tha-gi-no®-zhi", you depend on
him.
i’-gi-shto", to comply; to approve.
i-tha’-gi-shto", I approve.
i’-tha-gi-shto", you approve.
o*-tho®-gi-shto® i, we approve.
i'-gi-the, to see; to discover or find
something belonging to one’s self.
i-tha’-gi-the, I see or discover for
myself.

72

i’-gi-the—continued.
i’-tha-gi-the, you see or discover for
yourself.
o"-tho”’-gi-tha i, we see or discover
for ourselves.
i’-gi-thi-gtho" (Om. same), to decide
or plan for another; to have con-
trol of another.
i’-gi-thi-shki, to wring clothes.
a-the-tse i-the’-bthi-shki, I wring
the clothes.
a-the-tse i-tha’-ni-shki, you wring
the clothes.
i’-gi-thi-zha, to wash a garment for
another.
i’-the-bthi-zha, I wash for another.
i’-tha-shni-zha, you wash for another.
o"-tho”™-thi-zha i, we wash for
another.
i’-gi-zhu-shi, to dissuade; to inhibit.
i’-gi-thi-shki, to wring out a garment
for another.
i’-go"-ce, the use of something already
made, as a pattern in making an
article like it; facsimile.
i’-gtha-no", guilt; guilty; disgrace;
dishonor.
i’-gtha-no® bi tse gi’-ho®-a-zhi wa-
gthi* bi a, he is in disgrace.
i’-gtha-no® a-gtha, to inculpate; to
blame; to accuse; to involve in
guilt; to implicate.
i’-gtha-no" a-ka, felon; depraved in
thought; wicked in heart or action.
i'-gtha-no"-ki-¢tu—i-gtha-no., accu-
sations or offenses; ki-ctu, assem-
blage: court.
i’-gtha-no® thi»-ge, guiltless; blame-
less; innocence.
i'-gtha-no® wa-gi-shi-be, a fine; the
payment of money for some offense.
i’-gtha-wa, account, as the accounting
of property.
i’-gthi-gtho*, to refresh one’s mem-
ory; to recall; to think back.
i-tha’-gthi-gtho®, I recalled.
i'-tha-gthi-gtho", you recall.
o"-tho™-gthi-gtho" i, we recall.
i’-gtho*-xe, to make inquiry concern-
ing a relative or some personal
belonging.
i-tha’-gtho®-xe, I made an inquiry
about a relative.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

i’-gtho»-xe—continued.
i’-tha-gtho®-xe, you made an inquiry
about a relative.
o*-tho*’-gtho"-xa i, we made an
inquiry about relatives.
i’-ha, mouth.
i’-ha te o®-ni’-e ha, my mouth is sore.
i’-ha a-ki-gthe, to kiss.
zhi®-ga zhi®-ga to® i’-ha a-a-ki-gthe,
I kissed the child.
zhi®-ga-zhi®-ga to® i’-ha a/-tha-ki-
gthe, you kissed the child.
zhit-ga zhi®-ga to® i’-ha o®-ga’-ki-
gtha i, we kissed the child.
i’-ha-cka-zhi, a mouselike animal; a
shrew.
i’-ha i-bi-ka, a napkin. .
i’-ha ko®-ha, the edge of the mouth;
the lips.
i’-ha ko™-ha ke o*-zhu-dse he, my
lips are red.
i’-ha i-tha-ba-gu, to point at the
lips.
i’-ha kshe, the lips.
i’-ha u-tsi, garrulity; to jabber; to
talk rapidly.
i’-ha 0*-wo®-tsi, I talk rapidly.
i’-ha u-thi-tsi, you talk rapidly.
i’-ha u-wa-tsi i, we talk rapidly.
i’-ha zha-ta, broken lip; harelip.
shi*’-to zhi"-ga a-ka i’-ha-zha-ta i ha,
the boy has a broken lip.
ivhe’-the, to lay down a long object.
i-he’-a-the, I laid down a long ob-
ject.
i-he’-tha-the, you laid down a long
object.
i’-he’-o7-tha i, we laid down a long
object.
zho® ke ki’-i-he a-the ha, I put down
the log.
zho" ke ki’-i-he tha-the ha, you put
down the log.
i-he’-the, to put a thing down.
i-he-a’-the, I put it down.
i-he’-tha-the, you put it down.
i-he-o™’-tha i, we put it down.
i-he’-the, made to lie in death.
(From a ritual.)
i-he’-wa-tha-the, you shall make
them to lie vanquished. (From a
ritual.)

LA FLESCHE]

i’-hi-dse, eager; earnest; impatient.
o"-tho”-hi-dse, I am impatient.
i-thi’-hi-dse, you are impatient.
i’-hi" a-gi-dse-zhe zhi®-ga, a kid; a
young goat.
i’-hi" ga-ts’u—i’-hi", beard; ga-ts’u,
to shave: shaving the beard.
I’-hi*-u-ba-do", Pointed-beard. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the beard
of the buffalo.
i’-hi-tho*-be, the means by which to

make them appear. (From a
ritual.)
i‘-hiu, beard or mustache. Both are

spoken of by the use of the same
word.

i’-hiu-dse, by its aid downward. Re-
fers to the downward course of an
eagle. (From a myth.)

i’-ho*-bthe, to dream of a certain
thing.

i-tha’-ho®-bthe, I dreamed of a cer-
tain thing.

i‘-tha-ho®-bthe, you dream of certain
things.

o®-tho”’-ho®-btha i, we dream of cer-
tain things.

i-ho”’-ga-(Om. same), a sister-in-law.
This term is used also when refer-
ring to the sister of a mother.

i-ho*’-the, to have one for a mother.

i-ho”-zhi"-a, little mother; a mother’s
sister or niece.

I’-hu-tha-bi, From-whom-permission-
is-obtained. Personalname. Re-
fers to the authority vested to
give orders to go on a _ buffalo
hunt.

i’-i2-to%, an earring.

I’-ka-pu, Kickapoo.

i-ki (Om. same), chin.

i’-ki-a-dsi*, a fan.

mo®-sho® i’-ki-a-dsi® wi® a-bthi® ha,
I have a feather fan.

i’-ki-gi, enemy; to hate one another.

i’-ki-da-the, to breed together or
among themselves.

i’-ki-da-the wa-pa-xe, I breed fine
horses.

i-ki-da-the wa-shka-xe, you breed fine
horses.

i’-ki-da-the 0®-wo®-ga-xa i, we breed
fine horses.

i’-ki-da-the-the, posterity.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

73

i’-ki-gtha-e, to divide; to distribute.
i’-ki-gtha-hi, to mix together, as
beans and corn.
i’-ki-gthe, the manner of wearing a
blanket.
i’-ki-gthi-shto", preparation; to pre-
pare; ready.
ta u-wa-ho® ko®-btha tho® i’-ki-gthi-
shto® pa-xe he, I prepared the
meat for cooking.
i-ki’-i-he-the, with the sacred arrows,
you shall make them to lie down
in death. (From a ritual.)
i’-ki-ka-wi" the, to exchange; to trade;
to barter.
i’-ki-wa-wi® a-the, I exchange.
i’-ki-ka-wi" tha-the, you exchange.
i’-ki-ka-wi" o®-tha i, we exchange.
i’-ki-ki-the, to find one another; to
see one another.
i’-ki-k’o", to put upon the face as a
symbol. (From a ritual.)
i’-ki-mo®-thi", a visitor; a guest.
i’-ki-mo®-thi" wi® o®-ta-pe a-tsi bi a,
I have a guest.
i’-ki-mo®-thi® wi® thi-ta-pe a-tsi bi a,
you have a guest.
i’-ki-ni, a muddle; to confuse; to mix
up.
da’-do® ¢a-ni i‘ki-ni i-tsa bi a, every-
thing is mixed up.
da’-do® ga-ni i-ki-ni tha-the,
mixed everything.
da’-do® ga-ni i-ki-ni o*-tha i, we
mixed everything.
i’-ki-no", to paint one’s self ceremoni-
ally.
i’-ki-no"-xthe, to hide one’s self.
i-tha’-ki-no®-xthe, I hid myself.
i’-tha-ki-no®-xthe, you hid yourself.
o02-tho”’-ki-no®-xtha i, we hid our-
selves.
i’-ki-pa-no"-xe-cka, with the use of
the bone awl as a scarificator they
shall bring themselves back to
consciousness.
i’-ki-pa-no*-zhi"-zhi", feebly trying
to stand by the aid of a staff.
(From a ritual.)
i-ki-sho-dse, haze; mist; fog.
02-wo-xpa-the ha, i’-ki-sho-dse ke,
I was lost in the fog.
u-thi’-xpa-the ha, i’-ki-sho-dse ke,
you were lost in the fog.

you

74

i-ki-sho-dse—continued.
ba-dse a-ba u-xpa’-tha i ha, i’-ki-sho-
dse ke, the boat was lost in the fog.
i’-ki-thi-do®, suspender.
i’-ki-thi-do® a-gi-pi-ce ha, I broke my
suspender.
i‘-ki-tha-dsi*, a fan.
i’-ki-the, to find that which is lost.
i’-tha’-ki-the, I found what was lost.
i-tha-ki-the, you found what was
lost.
o»-tho*’-ki-tha i, we found what was
lost.
i’-ki-the, to be awake.
i-tha’-ki-the, I am awake.
i‘-tha-ki-the, you are awake.
i‘-ki-thi-btho®, to mix together; inter-
mixing; to mix things that are
unlike.
i’-ki-thi*, to tangle; to entangle; to
complicate.
i’-ki-thi® pa-xe, I tangled it.
i’-ki-thi® shka-xe, you tangled it.
i‘-ki-thi™ o*-ga-xa i, we tangled it.
wa’-co"-dse kshe_ bthi-i-ki-thix, I
tangled the weave.
wa’-co®-dse kshe stsi-i-ki-thi, you
tangled the weave.
i-ki-thi-to"-ga, to interchange; per-
mutation.
i‘-ki-tsi" (Om. same), to hit against
each other.
i-ko’, grandmother.
i‘-ko-e, my grandmother, used when
addressing her.
i’-ko-i-pshe, to distrust; hazard; peril;
perilous.
i-tha’-ko-i-pshe, I distrust.
i’-tha-ko-i-pshe, you distrust.
o®-tho™-ko-i-psha i, we distrust.
i-ko*, a man’s mother-in-law,
wife’s mother.
i‘-ko", to gamble;
gambling.
i’-k’o®, to cultivate growing corn,
beans, and squash.
i-tha’-k’o®, I cultivate.
i’-tha-k’o", you cultivate.
o*-tho™-k’o" i, we cultivate.
i’-ko*-the, the pot hanger.
i’-ko"-to*, to tie with a rope.
i-tha’-ko®-to®, I tie with a rope.
i‘-tha-ko®-to®, you tie with a rope.
o*-tho*’-ko®-to® i, we tie with a rope.

his

to contend in

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

i-ko’-tha, fellow; a friend.
i-ko’-tha u-wa-gi-ki-e, I spoke to a
friend.
i-ko’-tha u-tha-gi-ki-e, you spoke to a
friend.
i-ko’-tha zhu-gi-gthe gthi* a-ka tha,
he sat with his friend.
i-ko’-tha wi-ta u-zhu a-a’ zhi®
mi-kshe 0, he is my friend; I hold
him in esteem.
i-ko’ tho" ki-ka-xe, making friends.
i’-ku-dse, to shoot at with a gun, or
with a bow and arrow.
i‘-ku-i-pshe thi"-ge, nothing to fear.
i-ku’-tha, crony.
i-k’u-tse, to risk. (See ga-sho®-the.)
i-tha’-k’u-tse, I risk.
i’-tha-k’u-tse, you risk.
o®-tho’-k’u-tsa i, we risk.
i’-k’u-tse, to test the taste.
i-ku-wa-ku zhi*-ga, a little old
woman. A term used through
marriage.
i‘-mo®, the other one.
i’-mo®-xe, to inquire.
i-tha’-mo*®-xe, I inquire.
i’-tha-mo®-xe, you inquire.
o2-tho”’-mo®-xa i, we inquire.
i+, to wear, as a robe or a blanket.
i*, to suckle.
i’*, rocky cliff; a stone.
?1’..ba-xtha, stone that flakes.
ix’-be (Om. same), the tail of a bird.
i*’-be-ci-ga, red-tailed hawk.
I»’-be-gka, White-tail. Personal name.
Refers to the tail of the mature
eagle.
ix’-be-hi”, a pillow.
in’-be-hi® shto®-ga xta a-the ha, I
like a soft pillow.
i*’-be-hi" tho®-ba xta tha-the ha, you
like two pillows.
i*’-be-hi" ga-gi, a hard pillow.
i*’-be-hi" to"-ga, a large pillow.
i”’-be-stse-e-zhi*-ga, the mocking
bird.
i»’-be-ta-xe ¢ka, tip of tail white: an
eaglelike hawk.
iv”-be u-ho"-ga-cka,
bird.
i-be zha-ta, swallow-tailed kite.
I*’-be-zha-ta Ku-da-bi ga-xe, where
fork-tailed hawks were shot: Big
Elk Creek, Okla.

slate-colored

LA FLESCHE]

I»’-be-zho"®-ka-wi", Fork-tailed-kite-
woman. Female personal name.

i?" bo-ga, a tombstone.

i’”’-cga-ka, loose rocks.

ix’-cho" (Om. same), at this moment;
now; immediately; right away.

i"-cho”-btha-xe, a flying squirrel.

it-cho™ g¢ka, white mouse; ermine.
The skin of the ermine was used
for ornamenting dress jackets by
the Osage and other Siouan Tribes.
The skin had a high market value.

i*-cho”-ga zhi"-ga, a mouse.

it-cho”™ to®-ga, a rat.

i*-cho™-to"-ga _ i-ts’e-the—i*-cho?-
ton-ga, rat; i-ts’e-the, to kill with—
to-kill-rat-with: rat poison; rats-
bane.

i*-cho”-ton-ga u-thi®-ge—in-cho2-
ton-ga, rat; u-thi®-ge, catches—
catches-rats: the butcher bird; a

shrike.

i*-gka’ bo-ga, a white stone monu-
ment.

Is-gka’-pa-ci ga-xa, White Rock

Creek; Flint Rock Creek, Okla.

i*-da, I am.

I»’-da-pa u-pshe, Round-stone Ford.

I’»’-da-pa-we-tsi", Sling people (Pue-
blo). The Osage fought these peo-
ple years ago when they used
slings.

i’*-da’-po-ki, rock that explodes with
heat.

I*’-do-ka-wa-da-i"-ga, Playful-wet-
stone. Personal name.

i-dse’, face.

it-dse’ a-da ga-xe—i"-dse, face; a-da,
frozen on; ga-xe, to make; to-
make-face-frozen-on; a statue.

i*-dse’-a-thi-co", head frame for a
baby board. This is used as a
protection when covering the
baby’s eyes with a soft material
to keep off either wind or strong
light. Itis frequently ornamented
with bright-colored strips of braid-
ed worsted and bells.

i*-dse’ ga-gi-gi-xe, to disfigure the
face by gashing with a knife.

it-dse’ gthe-zhe—i"-dse, face; gthe-
zhe, spotted: freckles.

it-dse’~ha, the skin of the face; the
forehead.

67025—32—— 6

OSAGE DICTIONARY

75

in-dse’-ha mo®-cgta—i"-dse-ha, skin of
the face; mo*-¢ta, sores: pimples.
i2-dse’ -hi* i-ga-ts’u—i"-dse, face; his,
hair; i, with which to; ga-ts’u,
scrape: a razor.
is-dse’-hi" i-ga-ts’u ke pa-hi wa-gthi2,
the razor is sharp.
it-dse’ tha u-ga-ci-ci-hi bi a ni-ka-
shi-ga a-ka, his face is sallow.
i*-dse’ thi-pi-zhi, grimace.
it-dse’ tho® 02-g’i"-tha, I have wrin-
kles.
it-dse’ u-gtho"—i"-dse’, face; u-gtho2,
to thrust in: a halter.
ka’-wa a-ka i®-dse’ u-gtho® thi-ba-
xa bia, the horse broke the halter.
it-dse’ wa-gthe-ge—i"-dse, face; wa-
gthe-ge, paper: photograph.
i’*-dse-xe, a stone jug.
i*-dse’ xtho-xtho-ge, a pockmark.
A scar made by some scab or sore
being rubbed off.
it-dse’ zhu-dse—i*-dse, face; zhu-dse,
red: red-face; ruddy.
i*-dse-zhu-zhu-dse, disfigured by
pimples on the face.
i’*’-ga-gi-tha, a stone club; a sling
shot.
i’-ga-ci-tha wi" pa-xe, I made a
sling shot.
i’-ga-ci-tha wi? shka-xe, you made
a sling shot.
i»’-gai-ci-tha wi" o®-ga-xa i, we made
sling shots.
i*-gthe’, dung; excrement.
it-gthe’ ni-gthu-ge, cholera morbus;
dysentery; diarrhea.
ni’-ka-shi-ga hiu ts’a bi a, i®-gthe’
ni-gthu-ce o® bi a, many people
die from cholera morbus.
i*-gthe’ u-da-ga-gi, constipation.
i*-gthe u’-thi-k’e, a syringe.
i*-gthe’ u-to*-ga, large intestines.
i*-gtho”’, special kinship term for the
first son; one that only the imme-
diate family uses.
i"-gtho”-ga, puma; also the name
given to the domesticated cat
when it was first introduced by
the early settlers. The flesh of the
puma was never used for food by
the Osages. The skin served for
ceremonial robes in the war rites
and for ornaments. In the war

76

i2-¢tho®’-ga—continued.
rites the puma symbolized cour-
age; the black on the tip of the
tail, on its ears, and on tip of its
nose and on its feet symbolized
the charcoal and fire of the home
which the warrior must strive to
keep burning. This is also a name
of a gens of the Ho-ga division.

i*-etho”-ga a-ka ni-ka-shi-ga to" a
u-i-gi bi a, the panther sprang on
the man.

I»-gtho”-ga ga-xa, Panther Creek
(branch of Birch Creek, Okla.).

i2-gtho”-ga mo®-zhu, puma-skin
quiver.

i*-gtho™-ga mo*-zhu wi" a-bthi® ha,
I have a puma-skin quiver.
i*-gtho”-ga ni mo”-tse, puma in the
water. A subgens of the Wa-zha’-
zhe ¢ka gens; acts as Sho’-ka both
for itself and the gens.
i*-gtho”-ga zhi"-ga, little puma; the
name given to a domestic kitten.

I»-gtho”-ga-zhi®-ga, _ Little-puma.
Personal name.

i*-gtho”-gthe-zhe, the lynx. This
animal figures prominently in the
Osage war rites as a symbol of
courage.

i*-gtho™-gthe-zhe wa-tse-xe, wild
cat.

i*-gtho”-pa-ta, a bobcat kitten.

i’"-gtho’-the, rock.

i*-gtho”-wa-thu-gthe-ce, lightning.

i"-gtho”-xe (Om. same), ghost.

i*-gthu’-ba-to"-tha, the tumbling or
dung beetle.

in -gthu-shka, the name of a dance
which originated with the Omaha
and Ponca, borrowed from them
by the Osage.

i” -hi*, beard.

I’-ni-a-bi, Protector. Female per-
sonal name. Refers to the duty
of protecting those who flee to the
house of refuge.

i™’-i"-to", earrings.

i’-ni-i-zhe, gourd; a gourd dipper.

i” -i"-cka wa-no®-p’i®, wampum neck-
lace.

i-ni’-ka, her man; her husband.

i*-ke’-de i-ko®-the, shoulder strap.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. ivy

| *i»’-ki-the, to cause another to carry

a load.
*j»-a’-ki-the, I caused him to carry
a load.
’in’-tha-ki-the, you caused him to
carry a load.
?{>’-tha-ki-tha i, we caused him to
carry a load.
i’»’-ki-the—i’", a stone; ki-the, turn
into: petrify.
i’*’-ko"-ba—i’", stone; ko®-ba, light,
transparent: transparent stone,
glass; also used for the word mica.
i?»’-ko"-ba, a tumbler for drinking
water.
i’»’-ko®2-ba a-xthe-ge ha, I broke a
tumbler.
i’*’-ko"-ba ni u-tho-zhu—i’*, stone;
ko®-ba, translucent; ni, water;
u-tho-zhu, put into—stone-translu-
cent-water-put-into: a pitcher.
i’*’-ko"-ko"-tha, friable rock or stone.
A symbol used in rituals.
it-kshe’-de, shoulder.
in-kshe’-de wa-hi pi’-xo" ha, I broke
my shoulder.
in-kshe’-dse a-ga-shke, the stick used
as a pin for fastening the blanket
at the shoulder.
i?*’-mo*-hi*-g¢i, stone arrowhead.
i’-mo®-hi®-¢gi wi" i-tha’-the ha, I
found a stone arrowhead.
i-no®-a’-the i da, I have plaeed them
where they are. (From a ritual.)
i’-no"-go"-dse, to take shelter behind
something, as a protection.
i-tha’-no®-go"-dse, I took shelter be-
hind a tree.
i’-tha-no®-go®-dse, you took shelter
behind a tree.
o®-tho®’-no®-co"-dsa i, we took shel-
ter behind a tree.
i’-no"-do”, the cords that strengthen
the ankles; the tendon of Achilles.
i’-no"-dse, to be full and satisfied

with food.

i-tha’-no®-dse, I am satisfied with
the food.

i’-tha-no®-dse, you are satisfied with
the food.

i’-no"-hi", to be willing.
bthe ta-te i-tha’-no®-hi2 ha, I am
willing to go.

LA FLESCHE)

i’-no®-hi:—continued.
ne ta-te i’-tha-no®-hi" a, you are
willing to go.

i-no®-hi® a-zhi, to loath; to dislike.

i’-no®-hi® zhi, lazy.

i’-no"-hi®-zhi wa-gthi™ bi a, he is
very lazy.

i-no™-ho*, my mother.

i-no™-the, to put upon the ground.
(From a ritual.)

i-no"-a’-the, I put (it) on the ground.
i-no™-tha-the, you put (it) on the
ground.

i-no”-the, dispersed the clouds.

i-no™-zhi", with the close of the words
(of the pelican) he arose. (From
a ritual.)

i?" pe-dse u-dse-the—i’", stone; pe-
dse, fire; u-dse-the, put fire into:
a fireplace.

pe’-dse u-dse-the wi? 02-ga-thi" bi-a,
we have a fireplace in our house.
i”’-pe-ga-cta, a stone war club.
in-shta’ (Om. same), eye; eyes.
in-shta’ ni 0"-wo®-gi-pi, my eyes are
full of tears. Used in rituals as
an expression for ‘‘his eyes.”
i2-shta’-bthi, tears.
i"-shta’ ga-btha, to open the eyes.
ishta’ a-btha, I open my eyes.
i2-shta’ tha-btha, you open your
eyes.

i"-shta’ha (Om. same), skin of the eye.

i*-shta’-hi", eyebrows.

i-shta’-hi o0®-xe-be, my eyebrows
are thin.

I2-shta’-mo®-ge, Flashing-eyes. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the flash-
ing eyes of the black bear.

i™-shta’ni-e, sore eyes.

in-shta’ o"-ni-e, my eyes are sore.
i2-shta’ thi-ni-e, your eyes are sore.
i*-shta’ ni 0°-wo"-gi-pi, my eyes are
full of water.
i"-shta’ no"-xo-xe hi", eyebrows.

I"-shta’-pe-dse, Fire-eyes. Personal
name.

Is-shta’-sha-be, Dark-eyes. Person-
al name.

it-shta’-the-dse, corner of the eye.

in-shta’ thi-do-zhe, to wink; to
nictitate.

in-shta’ e-bthi-do-zhe, I winked at

her.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

77

it-shta’ thi-do-zhe—continued.
it-shta’-the ni-do-zhe, you winked at

her.

it-shta-u’-gka, the white of the eyes.

in-shta’-u-gtho", eye sockets.

in-shta’ u-sha-be, the dark of the
eye; the pupil.

it-shta’ u-thi-ho®-ho®, flies-around-
the-eyes: a gnat.

it-shta’ u-thi-k’e, to drop anything
into the eye, as an eyewash.

it-shta’ u-ts’u-xe, drowsy; lethargic;

sleepiness.
in-shta’ o®-ts’u-xe, My eyes are
sleepy.
in-shta’ thi-ts’u-xe, your eyes are
sleepy.
i"-shta’-u-xta-da, snow-blindness.
i"-shta’ wa-ko"-da-gi, eye doctor;
oculist.

in-shta’ wa-ko"-da-gi a-ka, the eye
doctor (oculist).
in-shta’ wa-ko®-da-gi wi" to -be, I
went to an oculist.
i?-shta’ wa-ko®-da-gi wi" shto®-be
shi, you went to an oculist.
it-shta’ xi-dse—i*-shta, eyes; xi-dse,
dim: dim eyes—blind.
i2-shta’ 0®-xi-dse, my eyes are dim.
i2-shta’ thi-xi-dse, your eyes are dim.
i"-shta’-xi", yellow eyes, a white man.
i*-shta’-xi® ga-kiu, white man’s mel-
on; a cantaloupe.
i2-shta’-xi2 c¢a-kiu tha-tse o*-tha
gthi, I like cantaloupe.
i°-shta’-xi" da-da-ce, the white man’s
grasshopper. This refers to the
red-winged grasshopper that is
believed to have been introduced
by the white people. It makes a
crackling noise as it flies up and
down in the air.

i?” shto®-ga, soft stone; sandstone.
(See i’»’-ko2-ko2-tha.)

i?’ tha-gthi", stone (describing the
kind of an object, as a stone pitcher
or stone vessel).

ito", now changed to white; the

snowy owl.
i?” to"-ga, big rock.
in’ to®-ga wi2 a-a-gthi" mi®-kshe,
I sat on a big rock.
i’»’-tse-xe—i’", stone;
stone pot: jug.

tse-xe, pot—

78

i?’ tsi, a stone house.
i’ tsi gtho”-the wi? u-tha’-gthi"
ni-ke ha, you live in a stone house.

i™’-tso", modern; new.
i" u-gthi" tsi—i’", stone; u-gthi, sit

in; tsi, house—sit-in-stone-bath-
house: a sweat bath house; a
sudatory. A special little house

is set up for this kind of a bath; it
is well covered with robes and in
the center of it are placed red-hot
stones; all openings are closed and
the sweating begins.
i’”’-u-stse-ge, a crack in stones or
rocks; a crevice.
xtha-cka a-ka i’n u-stse tse tsi u-i bi
a, the flower grew in a crevice.
i’”’u-xta wi®, a precious stone.
i’*’-u-xta we'-thi-wi? no" bi a, he
sells precious stones.
iV" wa-ho-stsa zhi"-ga wi" a-bthi?,
I have a tiny stone.
iv’ -we-ga-to", the under stone of the
two used in pounding corn.
i’”’-we-tsi, the upper and smaller
stone used in pounding corn.
in’-xe shto®-ga, soft stone.
i’»’-zhi"-ga, little stones; gravel; coarse
sand.
im -zhu-cka, stone; rock; or bowlder.
i’’zhu-dse—i’", stone; shu-dse, red—
redstone; name applied to a col-
ored granite.
i’?”’-zhu-dse i-tsi, brick house.
i’-zhu-dse tsi wi® u-wa-gthi® ha, I
dwell in a brick house.
i’-pi-tha, belt; sash; girdle.
i’-pi-zhi, distress; to languish.
i’-pshe, to pass by a certain way or
place.
i’-sdo-ge, the right side; the right
hand; the right arm.
to®-wo" i’-sdo-ge a-ta thi sho", the
village on the right.
i’-she, abundant.
ko"-dse ke i’-she,
abundant.
i-shi’-k’e, a woman’s brother-in-law;
her sister’s husband or her hus-
band’s brother.
i-shi’-ko", a woman’s sister-in-law;
her brother’s wife or her husband’s
sister.

the plums are

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

I’-shka-da-bi, Playful. Personal

name. Refers to the sport

afforded the hunter by a herd of
buffalo.

i’-shno"-shno" the, tripping as he
hastens.

i’-shpa-ho®, you know.
she-the e-be te i’-shpa-ho® a(?) do
you know who that is?
i’shtse wa-the, shameful.
I-spa’-tho, the Osage word for Span-
ish.
i’-stsi-sho"-ha, you go around.
i’-stu-ge, on the right hand or side.
i-ta’, his or hers.
i-ta’-bi, the things that are theirs.
i-ta-ho*, brother-in-law; his sister’s
husband; his father’s sister or his
wife’s brother.
i’-ta i shki do", they may belong.
A ritual expression.
i-ta’-ki-the, preemption.
i’-ta-ta, beyond the river.
i-ta’-xa, topmost branches of a tree,
or of a stream.
wa-zhi’-ga a-ka xtha-be i’-ta-xe tse
a-i-tho"® bi a, the bird is on the
topmost branch.
i-ta’-xe, the tip or top of an object.
i-ta’-xe-thi"-ge—i-ta-xe, top; thi>-ge,
none: no-top—seven spot in play-
ing cards.
i-ta’-xe tse, topmost branches.
i-tha’-a-pe, I wait for some one.
i-tha’-ba-cgu, to point at with the
finger.
ni-ka’-shi-ga to™ a-ba-cu a-zhi ga ha,
you must not point at the man.
i-tha’-ba-ts’u, to brace or support
that which is liable to fall.
xtha-be’ tse zho®-ke i-tha-pa-ts’u, I
braced the tree.
no”’-ca a-shpa-ts’u ha, you braced
the fence.
i-tha’-di o"-gi-the ta bi a-tha, we
shall make him to be our father.
(From a ritual.)
i-tha’-dsi (Om. same),
father.
i-tha-dsi a-ka hiu-he-ga bi a, his
father is ill.
i-tha’-dsi i-e u-gi-pa a-ka o, he
obeyed his father’s words.

his or her

LA FLESCHE]

i-tha’-ga-cko"-the, I have made them
to symbolize (from a ritual); (2)
I have likened myself to (from a
ritual).
i’-tha-gtha-no" ta ki" do, you will
hurt yourself.
i-tha’-ki-tho"-ba, coupled with the
cedar. (From a ritual.)
I-tha’-no®-ca, Head-them-off. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the effort
of the hunter to prevent the
buffalo escaping.
i-tha’-no"-ce, obstruction.
i-tha’-pe, to wait for some one.
i-tha’-a-pe, I wait for some one.
i-tha’-tha-pe, you wait for some one.
o®-tho®-a-gi-pa 1, we wait for some
one.
i-tha’-tha-ge, feathers of an arrow.
i’-tha-tse, to eat one thing with an-

other.
i-tha’-btha-tse, I eat one thing with
another.
i-tha’-na-tse, you eat one thing with
another.
i’-the, live to see. Term used in

ceremonial ritual.
i’-the, to discover.
i-tha’-the, I discovered.
i‘-tha-the, you discovered.
o®-tho™-tha i, we discover.
i-tha’-thi-co"-dse (Om. same), to
hold firm, as by means of a vise.
i-tha’-thi., to have or keep a thing
for another.
i-tha’-bthi2, I kept it for him.
i-tha’-ni, you kept it for him.
i-tha’-thi.-the, to take a thing back
to the owner.
ka’-wa to” i-tha-bthi®-bthe ha, I took
his horse back to him.
i-tha’-thu-ce, to take into, as into a

snare.
i-tha’-thu-ce, to bring with their
strength. A ritual expression.

i’-the, to see; to find; to discern.
i-tha’-the, I discern.
i’-tha-the, you discern.
o®-tho”-tha i, we discern.
i-the’, he has gone.
i’-the-dse, corners of the mouth.
i’-the-dse bi-xo", the folds or wrin-
kles at the side of the mouth.
i’-thi-bi-ce, you are thirsty.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

79

ithi-¢ki-c¢cki, tangled; snarled.
pa-xi” tho o®-tho™ thi-cki-cki, my
hair is tangled.
i’-thi-gpo*, scales for weighing.
i’-thi-do*, to pull with a rope, cord,
or strap.
i'-bthi-do, I pulled with a rope.
i’-ni-do", you pulled with a rope.
o*-tho’-thi-do® i, we pulled with a
rope.
we’-thit ke thi-do"bi a, the rope is
pulled taut.
i’-thi-gtho", to think; to consider;

to study; to contemplate. (See a’-
i-the.)

hi.-da i’-bthi-gtho™ te ha, let me
think.

a’-wa-bthi-gtho", I consider.
a’-wa-shti-gtho", you consider.
o®-tho”-thi-gtho" i, we consider.
i’-thi-gtho2, slowly, or at a slow pace.
i’-thi-gtho® thi-ge, reckless; reck-
lessness.
i’-thi-gtho" thi-ge pa-xe, I am reck-
less.
i-thi’-gtho" thit-ge shka-xe, you are
reckless.
i’-thi-gtho® thi®-ge i-e, offhand; said
without preparation.
i’-thi-gtho" thi-shto", to decide; to
reach a decision.
i’-bthi-gtho" bthi-shto" ha bthe ta-te,
I have decided to go.
i’-ni-gtho" ni-shto® ha shne ta-te,
you have decided to go.
i’-thi-hi-dse, to overcome the foe (by
sorcery). (From a ritual.)
i’-thi-sha-wi", they shall tie up as
with cords. (From a ritual.)
i’-thi-sh’e-do®, profusely adorned.
i’-gi-thi-shki, to wash for some one.
i’-the-bthi-shki ta mi®-ke he, I shall
wash for him.
i’-thi-shno®, odd one in number (7).
i’-thi-sho®-ha, to detour; to go
around.
i’-bthi-sho® ha, I go around.
i’-sti-sho® ha, you go around.
o®-tho”’-thi-sho" i, we go around.
i’-thi-sho" thi®-ge, no way out of it.
i-thi-shto®, has already become one
and has passed into the spirit
world. (From a ritual.)

80

i’-thi xo-ba zhi, you did not lie (un-
truth).
i’-thi xo-be a-tha, you perjured your-
self; you have spoken mysteriously.
i'-tho"-be, to appear; come into sight.
mi a-ka i’-tho"-ba bi a, the sun
has appeared.
i’-tho®-bi-o", a second time.
i-tho”-bo®, a second time; again.
we’-tho®-ba 02-shi a -wa-btha-ge ha,
I told him a second time.
i-tho™-gi-the, to put one’s own things
away.
i-tho™ -a-gi-the,
away.
i-tho™-tha-gi-the,
things away.
i’-tho®-o0"-gi-tha i, we put our things
away.
i-tho”™-tha-ha,
future.
i-tho”-the, to put something away
that is round.
i-tho” tho", repeatedly.
i’-tho"-xe, to ask a question; to ques-
tion.
shi®-to-zhi"-ga the i’-btho®-xe ha, I
questioned the boy.
i’-shto"-xe a(?) did you que.-tion
him?
i’-thu-to*, in a straight line, or to cut
across.
i’-thu-ts’a-ga, fail to obtain.
i-to", whence. (See e-dsi’-to".)
i’-to", the horned owl. The horned
owl figures in the tribal war rites
of the Osage as a symbol.
i’-to"-gi-hi, the yellow owl.
i’-to"-cka, the snowy owl.
i-to™ de, son-in-law.
i-to”’dse, son-in-law.
i-to”-’e zhi®-ga, his or her younger
sister.
i-to™-ge, his elder sister.
i-to™-thi"-a-ta, to the front.
i-to”-thi® ki-the, to go first; to go
ahead.
i-to"-thi" ki-the bthe, I go ahead.
i-to”’-thi= ki-the mo®-thi™ 0, you go
ahead.
i’-to®-thi"-thi"-ga-ga, running, then
stopping, then running again as he
hastens. (From a ritual.)

I put my things
you put your

time to come; the

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

i’-to"-wo"-gtho", the one for whom
the village is founded.
I’-to"-wo"-gtho"-bi, One-for-whom-
villages-are-built. Female person-
al name.
i’-ts’a, causes of death.
i-ts’a-ge zhi"-ga, little old man.
sister-in-law’s father.
i’-ts’a-the, rare; unusual.
i-tse-a’-the it da, I have made them
to stand for; to symbolize.
i-tse’-tha, where he placed them.
i-tse’-the, to place with some one for
safe-keeping.
i-tse-a’-the, I place away.
i-tse’-tha-the, you placed away.
i-tse-o”’-tha i, we placed away.
i-t’se-the, with which to kill.
i-tsi’-a-ta, to place a gun or quiver of
bows and arrows between the legs
while resting.
i-tsi’-go, grandfather.
i-tsi’'-mi, aunt, his or her father’s
sister.
i’-tsi", club (hatchet). This article is
not a club but a hatchet, a sub-
stitute that has a history. It is
the original weapon of the Tsi’-zhu
division, the story of which is
recounted in a wi-gi-e given by
Xu-tha’-wa-to?-i". After the
Osage came in contact with the
white man their ancient club seems
to have been superseded by a more

My

effective weapon, the so-called
battle-ax. (For wi-gi-e see back
of book.)

i-tsi"’-do, her elder brother. Ritual
term.

i’-tsi" ki-no® kshi-the, Decorating of
the Club. These songs, five in
number, immediately follow the
rain songs, and have to do with
the symbol of indestructible life:
the first is the request to decorate
the club; the second refers to the
sacred emblems put upon the
mystic club. These two songs
have a subtitle i’-tsi7 ki-k’o",
The Act of Decorating the Club.
The third and fourth songs of this
group have a subtitle Mo2- i2-ka
i-ga-xthi Wa-tho®, Songs of Strik-

LA FLESCHE]

i’-tsi® ki-no® kshi-the—continued.
ing the Earth. The first of these
refers to the mark made on the
earth directly under the zenith; in
the second song of this last group
the club is brought down to the
earth with a thud, striking at the
spot made beneath the zenith,
repeating this several times as he
sings, then describes a mystic
path from the sky to the earth,
thus giving a symbolic expression
of unity between sky and earth.

i-tsi’-ni, daughter-in-law.

i-tsi*-ke, a mythical person appearing
in story among the Osage, Omaha,
Ponca, and other Siouxan tribes.

i’-tsi-o"-cka, legging straps.

i-tsi’-wa-shko®, groin.

i-tsi’-zho*, niece; daughter of a sister
or a father’s sister.

i‘-tso"-ga, recent; very new.

i-tsu’-shka, nephew; son of a sister
or a father’s sister.

i-tsu’-shpa, to issue; to bring forth.

i-tsu’-shpa, his or her grandchild.

i-tsu’-zho"-ge, a niece; her brother’s
daughter.

i’-u, to wound with an arrow or other
weapon.

a-u, I wound.
tha-u, you wound.

i-u’-gtha-kshi®*, to moisten the fingers

in the mouth.

i’-u-dse, at the base of. A ritual
term.
I-u-dse’-ta, Dwellers below. This

was the name of a group of Osage
Indians who fled when the banks
of a river (Mississippi) overflowed
and then pitched their camp at the
foot of the hill. Their identity
is lost.
Iu-dse’ thi*-ge, river or creek having
no mouth.
i-u’-gthe, to put a stick or pipestem
in the mouth.
i-u’-wa-gthe, I put a pipestem in my
mouth.
i-u’-tha-gthe, you put a pipestem in
your mouth.
i-u’-o*’-gu-gtha i, we put a pipestem
in our mouth.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

81

i-u’-p’u-tho®, vapor issuing from the
mouth of a deer or any other
animal.

i-u’-tha-btho®-cge, to crunch or to
crush within the mouth, between
the teeth.

i’-u-tha-mo*-ge, rolled it in their
mouths.

i’-u-tha-zhu-zhu, they thrust in their
mouths.

i-u’-thu-ga, cavity; or roof of the
mouth,

i-u’-wa-pa, bitter to taste.

i-u’-wa-ts’u-xe, astringent to the
taste.

iu’-zhe (Om. same), urethra.

I’-wa bi, April; moon of the planting.

i-wa-bi™ a-gi-no"-zhi", stepping in
the blood that issues from the
mouth of the animal. (Mythical.)

I’-wa-shko", Dependable. Personal
name.

i’-wa-tsi, songs to which the people
dance.

i’-xa, to laugh; to titter.
i-tha’-xa, I laugh.
i’-tha-xa, you laugh.
i’-xa-e-wa-the, humorous; ludicrous.
i’-xa-e-wa-tha bi a ni’-ka-shi-ga, he
is very humorous.
i’-xa i-ga-cki, a hearty laugh; a laugh
that makes the sides ache.
i’-xa-shto%, flirt.
ni’-ka-shi-ga she i-xa-shto" bi a, he
is a flirt.
i’-xa-shto® shni ha, you are a flirt.
i-xa’-xa, to ridicule.
ni’-ka-shi-ga wa-we’-xa-xa the i-tha’-
gi, I do not like to ridicule the
man.
i’-xa zhi"-ga, a grin; a smile.
i’-xo-be, to fib; to tell a falsehood;
to perjure one’s self.
o®-tho®” xo-ba mo*-zhi,'I did not
perjure myself.
i-thi-xo-be, you perjured.
i‘-xo-be shto"—i’-xo-be, lying, false-
hood; shto®, habitually—habitu-
ally lying: a liar.
ni’-ka-shi-ga i-xo-be shto® the i-tha’-
gi ha, I hate a liar.

82

i‘-xta, to abuse or maltreat.
i-tha’-xta, I abuse.
i’-tha-xta, you abuse.
i’-xthi-tu, to expectorate.
i-xthi a-tu, I expectorate.
i’-xthi tha-tu, you expectorate.
i’-xthi, saliva.
i’-xthi-u-tu, cuspidor.
i‘-xthi-wa-the zhi*-ga—i’-xthi, sore
mouth; wa-the, causes; zhi®*-ga,
little: humming bird.
i’-zhe-mo2-ko"—i-zhe, passage; mo®-
ko, medicine: a laxative.
i-zhi*’-ge, his or her son.

K

k’a’-be, serrature.

k’a-k’a-be (Om. same), serrated, hav-
ing teeth like a saw or the edge of
an elm leaf.

ka-mo”, the sound produced by the
striking of a bell.

ka’-shi, a long time; long ago.

Ka’‘thu-wa, the Osage name for the
Kiowa Tribe.

ka’-wa, horse; nag; pony. This word
is a corruption of the Spanish
word for horse, caballo.

ka’-wa a-ba wa-ba -hi bi o, the horses
are grazing.

ka’-wa-a-gthi*, to ride horseback.

ka’-wa a-a-gthis, I ride horseback.

ka’-wa a-tha-gthi*, you ride horse-
back.

ka’-wa o®-ga-gthi® i, we ride horse-
back.

ka’-wa a-gthi-xu-e, I led my horse.

ka’-wa a-ka wa-ts’e-ga bi a, the
horse is gentle.

ka’-wa a-wa-gi-o"-btha i®
abandoned my horses.

Ka’-wa-ci, Yellow horse.
name.

ka’-wa-gi-ha, hoof of a horse.

ka’-wa ci"-dse, a horse’s tail.

ka’-wa do-ga, stallion.

ka’-wa dsu-ba wa-bthi", I have a
few horses.

Ka’-wa gtho® ga-xthi bi, Lightning
Creek, a tributary to the Neosho
River; its meaning is horse killed
by lightning. (From Father Shoe-
maker’s ms.)

ka’-wa hiu bi a, many horses.

da, I

Personal

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

i-zhi*’-the, his elder brother (brother
older than himself).
i-zho”-ge, his or her daughter.
i-zho” -the, her elder sister.
i’-zho"-zho", to change the place of
rest repeatedly.
i’-zhu-shi, refusal.
i‘-zhu-shi, to object; to deny; to
forbid; (2) to protest.
i-tha’-zhu-shi ha, I protest.
i’-tha-zhu-shi ha, you protest.
o*-tho*’-zhu-zhi i, we protest.
i’-zhu-zhu-ba, with rapid strides.

ka’-wa-ho-to", the neighing or the
whinnying of a horse.
ka’-wa-i-ga-pshe, currycomb.
ka’-wa-i-ga-pshe wi® o*-thi® gi o,
bring me a currycomb.
ka’-wa i-ki-ka-wi® a-gi-the, I traded
off my horse.
ka’-wa i-ki-ka-wi" ga-xe—ka-wa,
horse; i-ki-ka-wi", exchange; ga-xe,
make—make-exchange-horses: re-
lay.
ka’-wa i-ki-ka-wi® pa-xe, I relayed.
ka’-wa i-ki-ka-wi" shka-xe, you re-
layed.
ka’-wa_ i-ki-ka-wi®
relayed.
ka’-wa i-ki-ka-wi" tha-gi-the, you
traded off your horse.
ka’-wa i*-gthe, horse dung; manure.
Ka’-wa i®-gtho®-ga-xthi-bi, creek
where a horse was struck by light-
ning. Branch of Caney River,
Okla.
ka’-wa mi-ga, a mare.
ka’-wa niu-ga zhi", to water a horse,
or to drive a horse to water.
ka’-wa ni u-ga-zhi" bthe, I go to drive
horses to water.
ka’-wa ni u-ga-zhi*® stse, you go to
drive horses to water.

o®-ga-xa i, we

ka’-wa no®-xe-cka zhi, a_ spirited
horse.
ka’-wa o®-tha i-the-the, to be thrown
by a horse.

ka’-wa a-ka 0°-0*-tha i-the-tha bi a,
the horse threw me.

ka’-wa a-ka o2-tha i-the-tha bi a, the
horse threw him.

LA FLESCHE]

ka’-wa pa-xi", a horse’s mane.
ka’-wa pe-tho"-ba wa-bthi" ha, I
have seven horses.
ka’-wa sho"-dse thi*-ge, gelding.
ka’-wa thi-ta e-a’-wa-khse, I meant
your horse.
ka’-wa thi-thi"-ge, you have no horse.
ka’-wa to" bthi-wa-shta-ge, I tamed
the horse.
ka’-wa to" i-tha’-gi-the, I found my
horse.
ka’-wa to® i’-tha-gi-the, you found
your horse.
ka’-wa to" i-tha’-the, I see the horse.
ka’-wa-to® i’-tha-the, you see the
horse.
ka’-wa to" no"-a-pe, I fear the horse.
ka’-wa to® no®-tha-pe, you fear the

horse.
ka’-wa to" u-wa-ga-shke, I tied the
horse.
ka’-wa to® u-tha-ga-shke, you tied
the horse.

ka’-wa tsi—ka’-wa, horse; tsi, house—
horse-house: barn.
ka-wa tsi tse u-wa-gtho™ ha ka’-wa
to, I put the horse in the barn.
ka’-wa u-he-ga-zhi, a wild and
spirited horse.
ka’-wa u-ga-shke-gtho", to hitch or
tether a horse.
ka’-wa u-ga-shke-a-gtho", I hitched
or tethered a horse.
ka’-wa_ u-ga-shke tha-gtho?,
hitched or tethered a horse.
ka’-wa u-no®-zhi®, a horse stall.
ka’-wa u-ta-ca-zhi, it is an ugly
horse.
ka’-wa u-tha-gi-dse, you are hunting
for your horse.
ka’-wa u-thu-ga-shke—ka-wa, horse;
u-thu-ga-shke, to tether or fasten
to: a picket.
ka’-wa u-wa-gi-dse, Iam hunting for
my horse.
ka’-wa wa-ko®-da-gi, a horse doctor;
a veterinarian.
ka’-wa wa-no"-bthe, horse feed.
ka’-wa wa-no®-bthe u-we, oat field.
ka’-wa wa-tse-xi, a wild horse; an
unruly horse.
ka’-wa-we-ki-gthi"—ka’-wa, horse;
we-ki-gthi", apparel—horse appar-
el: harness.

you

OSAGE DICTIONARY

83

ka’-wa wita-k’i, I gave a horse to him.

ka’-wa wi" ko®-btha, I want a horse.

ka’-wa wi" pa-the, I gave away a
horse.

ka’-wa wi" shka-the, you donated a
horse.

ka’-wa wi" shko"-shda, you want a
horse.

ka’-wa wi" tha-k’i, you gave a horse
to him.

ka’-wa wi-ta e-go" xtsi i" da, it is
very like my horse.

Ka’-wa-xo-dse, Roan-horse. Personal
name.

ka’-wa-xo-dse, a roan horse.

ka’-wa zhi®-ga—ka’-wa, horse; zhi"-
ga, little: little horse; a colt; a pony.

ka’-wa zhi®-ga a-a-gi-gthi, I ride
my pony.
ka-wa zhi-ga a-tha-gi-gthi",

ride your pony.

Ka’-wa-zhi"-ga, name given to the
town of Bartlesville, Kans., by the
Osage.

ka’-wa-zhi®-ga, little horse. Chil-
dren pull the plant up by the roots
and play horse with it; hence its
name.

k’a’-xe, the sound of scraping china
dishes.

ka’-xe (Om. same), crow. To the
Osage the crow is a mysterious
bird. He figures prominently in
the tribal rites as a symbol. He
is regarded as a very wise bird.
When he sees a large body of men
marching over the prairies he
knows that there will be a fight
and follows, because there is a
promise of a feast for him. He is
always first to appear on the de-
serted battlefield. He follows the
great herds of buffalo to feed upon
those that die. The hunter knows
where to find a herd, because he
sees the crows flying over. This is
also the name given a belt (sym-
bolic) worn by members of. the
He-thu’-shka Society who have
won military honors. In_ this
symbolic badge are represented the
crow, the eagle, the wolf, as the
birds and animals that feed upon
the bodies of the warriors slain in
battle.

you

84

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

ka’-xe ho-to", the ery of a crow; a | kchi’-o*-ce, to teach another; to in-

croak.

ka’-xe mi-gtho®*, crow belt. For ref-
erence and symbolic use see ka’-xe
(crow).

Ka’-xe-tho"-ba, Two-crows. Personal
name. Refers to the feathers used
in making the staff of authority
in buffalo hunting.

ka’-xe to"-ga, big crow; a raven.

Ka’-xe wa-hu-ga, youngest brother.
A subgens of the Mi-ke’ the-stse-
dse gens; acts as sho’-ka for both
itself and the gens.

ka’-xe wa-o"-the, large intestines of
the buffalo, a butchering term;
one of the entrails of a cow.

Ka’-xe Wa-tho®, the Crow songs. In
these songs the rallying of the
people is dramatized to go and
chastise their foe. The two songs
of this group are addressed to the
crows by the symbolic men who
symbolically act as the protector
of the tribal life.

Ka’-xe Wa-tho*, Crow songs. This
group of two songs picture the
crow flying by couples toward the
battlefield to feast upon the bodies
of the slain warriors; they fittingly
follow the Sho»’-ge Wa-tho® (Wolf
song). The first of these songs
has one stanza of six lines. The
second is similar to the first in
words but unlike in rhythm and
music, the first being slow time,
the second fast time and gleeful
in expression.

Ka’-xe Wa-tho”, Crow songs. These
songs are of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-
ge version. They are, however,
used by the various gentes, each
having a slight difference.

ka’-zhi"-ga, the third son (special kin-
ship term).

ka’-zhi"-ga a-ka wa-e ni-ka-shi-ga bi
a, my third son is a farmer.
ka’-zhi"-ga a-ka i®-dse gthu-zha bi
a, little brother washed his face.
chi’-o"-ge, to teach; to instruct.
a-kchi’-o"-¢e, I teach.
tha-kchi’-to®-¢e, you teach.

struct.

Ka’-zhi"-ga mo®-thi-do" a-kchi-mo®-
ge a-tho, I taught Ka-zhi*-ga to
draw the bow.

Ka’-zhi®-ga mo-thi-do" tha-kchi-o"-ce
a-tho, you taught Ka’-zhi.-ga to
draw the bow.

kchi’-xe, to make something for an-
other.

i’-no® ho®-be o®-kchi-xe o, mother
make me moccasins.

ke’, turtle; tortoise; terrapin.

k’e, to dig.

do k’e bthe i" do, I go to dig potatoes.

a-k’e, I dig.

tha-k’e’, you dig.

o"-k’a i, we dig.

ke-ci™-dse ga-tse, snapping turtle.
This figures as a symbol in the
Osage rites.

ke da’-pa zhi*-ga, little round turtle.

ke’-da-xe, shadow.

ke’-da-xe wi" no®-pa bi a shi®-to
zhi®-ga a-ka, the boy was afraid
of the shadow.

ke’-da-xe wi® pa-xe, I cast a shadow.

ke’-da-xe wi" shka-xe, you cast a
shadow.

ke’-da-xe wi" o°-ga-xa i, we cast a
shadow.

ke’-da-xe-shko"—ke-da-xe, shadows or
shadow; shko", moving: moving
pictures.

ke’-da-xe shko" wo®-ga-ba-no® 0°-ga-
the te ha, let us go to a moving
picture.

ke-gthe’-ce, box turtle—ke,
gthe’-ce, striped. |

Ke’k’i', Carrier-of-the-turtle.
name of a gens.

ke-mo"-ge u-bi-tho"-dse,
chested turtle.

ke-mo” -ge zhu-dse, red-breasted tur-
tle. The red-breasted turtle fig-
gures as a symbol in the Osage
rites.

Ke-no” -xu-xe, Cracks-the-turtle-
with-his-foot. Personal name.

ke’-pa, diamond in a deck of cards.

ke’-pa i-tha-ki-de, I played a dia-
mond.

turtle;
The

narrow-

LA FLESCHE]

ke’-pa—continued.
ke’-pa wi® a-ni-a-zhi a-do", did you

have a diamond?

ke-shto”’-ga, soft-shelled turtle.

ke’-tha, the sky; the unclouded or
clear sky.

Ke’-tha-mo®-i", Clear-day-approach-
ing. Personal name. Refers to
the clearing of the sky after a

storm.

ke’-this-ke gtho" the o, a very large
terrapin.

ke’-to"-ga. (See ke-ci»’-dse ga-tse.)

ke-u’-gthe e-go" (Psoralda), a weed,
the pods of which are shaped like
the bean.
ke-u’-gthe hi (Baptisia), a perennial
herb of the bean family used by
the Osage for eyewash.
ke’-xtha-tse, war club.
ki, to reach home.
a-ki’, I reached home.
tha-ki’, you reached home.
o®-ga’-k’i i, we reached home.
ki, down upon the ground (figuratively
for vanquished).
k’i, to give; to present to another.
a-k’i’, I give.
tha-k’i’, you give.
o2-k’i’ i, we give.
ki-a’-hi-hi-tha, disturbance; excite-
ment.
kia’-hi-hi the, flying hither
thither in swarms.
ki-a’-hi tha-tha, in a bounding mo-
tion.
ki’-ba-no®, to run a race.
a-ki’-ba-no®, I run a race.
tha-ki’-ba-no", you ran a race.
o¥-ki’-ba-no” i, we ran a race.
ki’-ba-xtha, to go to one approaching
from the opposite direction.
ki-¢da’, leech. The leech figures promi-
nently in the Osage rites and the
origin myths.
ki-go™, some; as some water, some
bread.
ki-co" ki-gthi-dsi-ce, the withdrawal
of some of the people from the
tribe; a separation.
ki-gta’-ka, kingfisher.
ki-¢to’, same as ki-gthi’-thi-¢ki.
ki-gto’, a council; an assemblage; a
meeting; United States Congress,
the Senate; a court; a session.

and

OSAGE DICTIONARY

85

ki-¢to’-i-e, to declaim; an oration; a
formal speech at a council.

ki-¢gtu’tsi, council house; council house
at the agency.

Ki-gtu’ u-mo*-thi", a member of the
United States Congress; a Senator
or Representative.

ki-ctu’ wa-gthe-ce-ga-xe, secretary
of a council.

ki’-e-do-ba, eight; the archaic word
for eight is pe-tha-bthis (Om.
same).

ki’-e-do-ba a-zhi—ki-e-do-ba, eight;
a-zhi, scattered about: eight spot
(in playing cards).

ki’-e-do-bi-o", eight times.

ki-gtha’-cgi (Om. same), to
one’s self. °
a-ki’-gtha-ci, I stretch myself.
tha-ki’-gtha-cgi, you stretch yourself.
ki-gtha’-zho"-zho", a horse shaking
itself after rolling on the ground.
ki-gthe’, he has passed by going home-
ward.

ki-gthi’-do"®-do*, pulling himself re-
peatedly.

ki-gthi’-dsi-gthe. (See tsi’ hi-gthi*.)

ki-gthi’-e-zhi, to disguise one’s self;
to be incognito.

a-ki’-gthi-e-zhi, I disguised myself.

tha-ki’-gthi e-zhi, you disguised your-
self.

o®-ki’-gthi e-zhi i, we disguised our-
selves.

ki-gthi’-gtho", to mate; to court.

ki-gthi’-k’i-tha, an irritation of the
skin; to itch; a desire to scratch.

a-ki’-gthi-k’i-tha, I itch.
tha-ki’-gthi-k’i-tha, you itch.
o®-ki’-gthi-k’i-tha i, we itch.
ki-gthi’-k’i-tha, hives; shingles.
ki-gthi’-k’i-tha, mange.
sho-ge thi-ta a-ka ki-gthi’-k’i-tha
o" bi a, your dog has the mange.
ki-gthi’-sha, to disrobe; to undress;
to remove one’s clothes.
a-ki’-gthi-sha, I undressed.
tha-ki’-gthi-sha, you undressed.
o®-ki’-gthi-sha i, we undressed.
ki-gthi’-shko®, to move.
a-ki’-gthi-shko", [ move.
tha-ki’-gthi-shko", you move.
o2-ki’-gthi-shko" i, we move.
ki-gthi’ thi-cki, to convene or to
assemble.

stretch

86

ki-gthi’-wa-xpa-thi*, to impoverish
one’s self.
a-ki’-gthi wa-xpa-thi", I
ished myself.
tha-ki’-gthi wa-xpa-thi*, you impov-
erished yourself.
o®-ki-gthi-wa-xpa-thi® i, we are im-
poverished.
ki-gthi’-wi®-do", to unite and become
as one; to resume friendly rela-
tions. (See ki-wi2-do2.)
ki-gthi’-xo-be, reciprocate.
ki-gthi’-xu-e, to move to make room
for another.
a-ki’-gthi-xu-e, I
room.
tha-ki’-gthi-xu-e, you moved to make
room.
o#-ki’-gthi-xu-a i, we moved to make
room.
ki-gthi’-zhe, to wash one’s self.
a-ki’-gthi-zha, I wash myself.
tha-ki’-gthi-zha, you wash yourself.
o®-ki’-gthi-zha i, we wash ourselves.
ki-gtho”-ge, intermarrying into an-
other tribe.
ki-gtho”’-xe, to practice magic upon
each other.
ki-gtho”-xe u-mo?, the bee.
ki-gtho”-xe-u-mo" zho® ni, the
honey bee. The honey made by
the wild bee is used by both the
Osage and the Omaha for food.
ki-gthu’-ni-ka, the swallow.
ki-gthu’-ge, to retreat before an
enemy; to withdraw.
a-ki’-gthu-cge, I withdraw.
tha-ki’-gthu-c¢e, you withdraw.
o®-ki-gthu-ga i, we withdraw.
ki-gthu’-ni-ka-ka, there is some
doubt, but it is generally believed
to be the Osage for the buzzard.
Used as a symbol.
ki-gthu’-zha, to wash one’s self.
a-ki’-gthu-zha, I wash myself.
tha-ki’-gthu-zha, you wash yourself.
o®-ki’-gthu-zha i, we wash ourselves.
ki-hi*’-xa, vain; vanity; self-impor-
tance; (2) to brag; to boast; to
vaunt.
a-ki’-hi2-xa, I boast.
tha-ki’-hi*-xa, you boast.
o®-ki’-hi®-xa i, we boast.

impover-

moved to make

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

ki’ -i-he-the,
object, as a man or a log.
ki’-i-he gi-the, he put down his gun.
ki’ i-no®-the, to put down to rest.
ki’ i-no®-a-the, I put it down to rest.
ki’ i-no®-tha-the, you put it down to
rest.

ki’ i-no®-o®-tha i, we put it down to ©

rest.
ki’ -i-tse-the, to put down a thing that
can stand, as a filled bag, a pole, or
a gun.
ki’-i-tse-a-the, I put it down.
ki‘-i-tse-tha-the, you put it down.
ki’-i-tse-o®-tha i, we put it down.

to put down a long |

Ki-ka’-xe I-ki-tsi= Wa-tho*, Songs _

of Striking One against the Other.
This is an act which is symbolic
and refers to the striking of the
scalp wound around the Wa-xo’-be
(sacred hawk) with the war club.

ki-ki*-da-ge, strife, or a fight.

ki-ki’-zhi., to disagree; to quarrel;
division; discord.

ki-ki’-zhi", each has a grudge against

the other.

ki-ko*’-ce, the act of religious devo-
tion.

ki’-ko®-to®-ga, long-billed curlew.

This bird clears away the sky with
the magical powers of its voice.
ki’-ku, a feast.
ki’-ku bthe, I go to a feast.
ki’-ku stse, you go to a feast.
ki’-ku 0®-ga-tha i, we go to a feast.
ki’-mo®-ho®2, to face the wind; against
the wind, current or upstream;
windward.
ki’-mo®-ho® bthe ha, I go facing the
wind.
ki’-mo®-ho®
the wind.
ki‘-mo®-ho® o0®-ga-tha i, we go facing
the wind.

Ki’-mo*-ho®, Against-the-wind. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the habit
of the elk facing the wind.

ki’-mo"-ho®-pa-gthe, to sleep with
the head toward the wind.

ki’-mo*-ho" u-ga-xthe, facing the
wind.

k’it, to carry.

a-k’i»’, I carry.

stse ha, you go facing

er ee

LA FLESCHE]

k’in—continued.

tha’-k’i", you carry.
o®-k’i’ i, we carry.

ki~’-da-ga bi the, the foe; the enemy.

ki»’-da-ge i-e, a threat.

ki’-no®, symbolic paintings.

ki-no”-ci-ge, to kick one another.
When two tribes met together the
boys of each fight one another by
kicking.

Ki-no”-do®, Springs-forth. Personal
name.

Ki’-no® U-tha-ge, Telling of the Sym-
bolic Painting.

Ki’-no® Wa-tho®* and Wi-gi-e, Paint-
ing songs and Rituals (alternating
four in number, refers to the four
water insects); mythical.

Ki'-no® Wi'-gi-e, Adornment ritual.
This ritual refers to the decorating
of the Xo-ka and makes particular
mention of the mussel from which
the gorget that hangs from the
Xo-ka’s breast is made. In this
ritual full detail is given as to the
symbolic articles used in the adorn-
ment.

Ki’-no® Wi’-gi-e, Ritual of the Sym-
bolic Painting. This refers to the
painting of the Xo-ka. This ritual
beautifully presents how the colors
are obtained, and what are the
symbols of strength.

Ki’-no" Wi'-gi-e, the painting ritual
of the No»*’-ho®-zhi*-ga; belongs
exclusively to the Tsi’-zhu Wa-
no® gens. At the close of the
recitation of the Ki’-no™ Wi-gi-e
the No-ho2-zhi*-ga begin to paint
themselves. The members of the
Tsi’-zhu Wa-no® gens paint the
entire face and body red. This
manner of painting at the cere-
mony of the Wa-sha’-be A-thi®?

belongs exclusively to the members.

of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-no® gens; it is
commemorative of the events
given in the wi-gi-e:
The bodies of the people of the Tsi’-zhu Seven
fireplaces,

Became stricken with the red of the fire, leaving
no spot untouched.

Ki’-o, Wounded. Personal name.

OCSAGE DICTIONARY

87

ki-o”-tha, to throw each other away;
divorce.
o»-ki’-o®-tha, I am divorced.
tha-ki’-o®-shta, you are divorced.
ki-o-pa-the, to understand it means
one’s self.
a-ki-o-pa-the,
mean me.
a-ki’-o®-pa-the, you understand it to
mean you.
o»-ki’-o-pa-tha i, we understand it
to mean us.
ki-pa’-do*, to push one’s self along
as in a boat.
a-ki’-pa-do®, I push myself in a boat.
tha-ki’-pa-do®, you push yourself in
a boat.
o®-ki’-pa-do®, we push ourselves in
a boat.
ki-pa’-hi, to choose a man or woman
from their own number, as in a ball
game.
ni’-ka tho®-ba wa-pa’-hi ta mi®-ke,
I choose two men.
wa-k’u tho2-ba thi wa-ba-hi 0, you
choose two women.
ki-pa’-no"-no®-the, rising up and
down in a tangled mass.
ki-pa’-to® bi o, he rowed himself over
(the lake).
ki-pa’-xthu-tse, to shed old skin, as
does a snake.
ki-ta’-ni-ga, blue jay. The blue jay
figures in the Osage peace rites as
the symbol of a gray sky with blue
spots here and there which indicate
the coming of a peaceful day.
ki’-tha-ha,. separate; apart; moving
in opposite directions; separation.
pa’-ki-tha-ha, I pushed them apart.
shpa’-ki-tha-ha, you pushed them
apart.
02-ba’-ki-tha-ha i, we pushed them
apart.
ki’-tha-ha ga-xe, to separate a part
of a group of things from the
others; to separate a number of
things from others.
ki’-tha-ha pa-xe, I separated a num-
ber of things.
ki’-tha-ha shka-xe, you separated
them.
ki’-tha-ha o®-ga-xa i, we separated
them.

I understand it to

88

ki’-tha-ha ki-the, a separation of
some of the gentes from the tribe.

ki’-tha-ha-pa-hi—ki-tha-ha, at both
ends; pa-hi, pointed, sharp: a cen-
tipede.

ki’-tha-ha-pa-hi no*-a-wa-pe ha, I
am afraid of a centipede.

ki-the’, enable themselves to conceal
their trails from the gods. (From
a ritual.)

Ki-thi’-to" Wa-tho", The Song of
Reversal. This is the title of the
third song in the series to the
Wa-xo-be and is sung four times;
each time the shrine is reversed so
that the sacred hawk’s head may
point to the Tsi’-zhu or toward
the Ho»’-ga side of the house.

ki’-thi-xa, the mating of birds.
ki-gthi-gtho®.)

ki-to™-ba, or ki-to"-be, looked over
one’s self.

Ki-tsa’-i, the name of an Indian tribe.

ki’-u, to maim; to wound.

a-ki-u, I am wounded.
tha-ki’-u, you are wounded.
ki-xi’-tha, to despair; to become hope-
less; disheartened.
a-ki’-xi-btha, I am in despair.
tha-ki’-xi-sda, you are in despair.
o*-ki’-xi-tha i, we are in despair.

Ki-xi’-tha-ba-zhi, Self - confident.
Personalname. Refers to the war-
like spirit of the gens.

ki-xi’-tha-zhi, undismayed.

ki-zhi", to quarrel.

a-ki’-zhi", I quarrel.
tha-ki’-zhi», you quarrel.
o®-ki-zhi" i, we quarrel.

ko-ge’, the sound produced by striking
a drum; the sound of something
soft and heavy falling to the
ground; a thud.

ko’-i-pshe, to fear, as the fear of some
unseen danger; (2) misgiving; a
feeling of doubt.

a-ko-i-pshe, I had misgivings.
tha-ko-i-pshe, you had misgivings.
o"-ga-ko-i-psha i, we had misgivings.
k’o’-k’o, a commotion; a disturbance;
a violent agitation.

k’o-k’o’-bi, alarm; fear of an attack;
excitement; stirring of people in
alarm; a tumult.

(See

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

ko-ko’-ga e-go”, like a hog; hoggish.
ko-ko’-ca we-gthi—ko-ko-ca, hog;
we-gthi, grease: lard.
ko-ko’-gi zhi*-ga, a young pig; a
shoat.
ko-ko’-gi a-ba-ta, a hog fence; a sty.
ko-ko’-gi ta, pork; pig meat.
ko-ko’-ci ta o®-gu no" a-tha, I like
pork.
ko-ko’ci ta thi-cu a(?), do you like
pork?
ko-ko’-ma, cucumbers.
ko-ko’-ma thi-cgu a(?) do you like

cucumbers?
ha-we, ko-ko’-ma o®-cu, yes, I like
cucumbers.
ko-ko’-ma cku-the—ko-ko’-ma, cu-
cumbers; ¢ku-the, sweet: sweet
pickles.

ko-ko’-ma ts’a-the, pickles.
ko, roots of trees or plants; (2) a
vein, or blood vessel.
ko®, to wish or to desire.
k’o", to gamble; to bet.
a-k’o»’bthe ha, I go to gamble.
tha-k’o" stse ha, you go to gamble.
o-k’o0" 0*’-ga-tha i, we are going
to gamble.
ko®-bo’gi-gi, a throbbing blood vessel;
(2) pulsation; (3) to throb.
ko"-btha’-dse, the roof of the mouth.
ko®-btha’-dse u-ba-¢ta-ge, pressing
the gums of the upper teeth.
This is done by the mother of an
infant, so that when it begins to
learn to talk it would not stutter
or lisp. The projecting of the
gums of the upper teeth, it is
believed, interferes with clear
speaking.
k’o’-ca-gi, fleet; swift; very fast.
a-k’o’-ca-gi, I am swift of foot.
tha-k’o’-ca-gi, you are swift of foot.
o®-k’o-ca-gi i, we are swift of foot.
ko™-ga-ha gthi®, to sit side by side.
ko" -ga-ha mo®-thi®, to walk side by
side.
ko»’-ca-ha o®-mo®-thi® tse a-tho, let
us walk side by side.
ko"™-ca-ha zho®, to lie side by side.
ko"’-cga-ha o®-zho®, let us lie side by
side.
ko®-ga’ shko®, simultaneous.
Ko-ge, Kaw Indian.

[BULL. 109

LA FLESCHE]

k’o™-ce-gi-the, to rest, as when
weary.
k’o"’-ce-a-gi-the ha, I am resting.
k’o’-ce-tha-gi-the ha, you are rest-
ing.
k’o"-ce 0®-gi-tha i, we are resting.
Ko"-ce wa-xa-bi, a Ko*-cge Indian
won a race at this place. This
was the site of the third camp of
the first buffalo trail.
ko” -ci, tacks; brass tacks; small nails.
ko” -dse, plums.
ko’-dse-btha-tse mi-kshe 0, I am
eating plums.
ko’-dse stsa-tse ni-kshe 0, you are
eating plums.
ko dse-ca-be, black plums
prunes.
ko™-dse-ci, an orange.
ko»’-dse cgi wit ko®-btha, I want an
orange.
ko*’-dse gi wit shko"-shda, you want
an orange.
ko*’-dse-ci hi, an orange tree.

dried;

ko®-dse’-ci ts’a-the, sour orange;
lemon.

ko™-dse hi" stse-e, hairy plums;
peaches.

ko”’-dse hi" stse-e tse gi, yellow
peaches.

ko»’-dse hi" stse-e a-ba dsu-dse a bo,
the peaches are ripe.
ko»’-dse hi stse-e tse ci a-ka dsu-dse
a-ko, the peach is mellow.
ko" -dse sta-tse ni kshe o, you are
eating plums.
ko”™-dse thu-we, fruit picking.
ko»’-dse bthu-we, I pick fruit.
ko’-dse stsu-we, you pick fruit.
ko"-dse u-gtho"—ko"-dse, any kind
of fruit, as plums, peaches, apples;
u-gtho", a place of deposit. The
word ko®-dse is applied to fruit in
general; this particular word is
used for pie, as its analysis shows
a place to deposit fruit.
ko™-dse u-gtho® i-ga-xe, a _ cul-
tivated herb used for cooking;
rhubarb (Rheum rhaponticum).
ko” -dse xo-dse, the wild plum.
ko™-dse xo-dse hi, wild plum tree
(Prunus americana).
ko™ha (Om. same), the edge, margin,
selvage, welt, of certain goods.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

89

ko” -ha, near to us.
ko”-ha-ha, to meander along the
bank.
ni-ko™-ha ke u-wa-pa, I meandered
along the bank.
ni-ko™-ha ke u-tha-pa, you mean-
dered along the bank.
ni-ko»’-ha ke o®-gu-pa i, we mean-
dered along the bank.
ko” -ha-ha kshe, the vicinity; neigh-
borhood; surroundings.
ko’-ha-ha-kshe ni‘-ka-shi-ga do -ha
bi a, a good neighborhood.
ko»’-ha-ha-kshe ni’-ka-shi-ga i-ci wa-
tha bia, a bad neighborhood.
ko” -ha ke to®-ga, wide margin.
ko” -ha ke zhi®-ga, narrow margin.
ko” -ha-u-thi-stse, a style of wearing
the hair among the children of
certain gentes in the Osage Tribe.
ko” -tha, to attack; to charge upon an
enemy; to raid; to threaten; (2) a
menace.
a-ko»’-btha ha, I made an attack.
tha-ko®-shna ha, you made an
attack.
o®-ko»’-tha i ha, we made an attack.
ko’ -thi-xthe-ga, base of the trunk
that sends forth roots.
ko” -to®, to tie, as with a string or cord.
a’-ko®-to2, I tie.
tha’-ko®-to®, you tie.
o*-ko®-to™ i, we tie.
ko” -to"-ga, one of the large muscles.
ko” -tsi, menstruation.
ko’-pshe, to run off; to elope.
a-ko’-pshe, I eloped.
tha-ko’-pshe, you eloped.
o®-ko”’-psha i, we eloped.
ko’-tha a-ka ka-wa no"-ba go"-¢e
ki-go" wa-thi" bi 0, my friend
has two horses alike.
ko’-tha e-tho®-ba, my friend and I.
ko-we-tha’, come hither.
Ko’-zhi-gi-gthe, Tracks - far - away.
Personal name.
Ko’-zhi-mo*-i*, Travels-in-distant-
lands. Personal name.
kshe, he lay. (From a ritual.)
kshe, the length of time from the be-
ginning of a vigil (see no-zhi®-
zho®); (2) to lay down; to place
flat on the ground, or to be pros-
trate on any surface.

90

kshe, that lies.
kshe-dsi, there.
ni’ kshe-dsi, there where lies the river.
u-xtha’-be kshe-dsi, there where lies
the forest.
kshe no™, that lies outstretched.
kshi, to reach home.
kshi’ a(?), has he reached home?
ho’-we, a-kshi’ bi a, yes; he has
reached home.
kshi-gthe’, to have gone home.
kshi gthe’ a(?), has he gone home?
ho-we’, a-kshi-a’ gtha bi a, yes; he
has gone home.
kshi’-no®-zhi®, to reach home and be
standing there.
kshi’-o-ce, to teach another; to in-
struct.
kshi the, to cause to do a thing.
gthe’ tha kshi-the a(?), did you let
him go?
ho-we’, gthe a-kshi the o, yes; I let
him go home.
kshi’-xe, to make or do something for
another.
a-kshi-xe, I made something for him.
tha-kshi-xe, you made something for
him.
o®-kshi-xa i, we made something for
him.

(From a ritual.)

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

Kshi’-zhi, Never-reaching-home. Per
sonal name.

Kshi -zhi-wa-ga-xe, Causes-them-to-
fail-to-reach-home. Personal name.
Refers to the attack of the eagle on
its prey.

ksho™-ga, a special kinship term used
by members of a family only.

k’u, to give away.

a-k’u’, I give away.
tha-k’u’, you give away.
ku’-dse, to shoot.
a-ku’-dse, I shoot.
tha-ku’-dse, you shoot.
o®-ku’-dsa i, we shoot.

ku-dse thi-shto", to have shot.

a-ku’-dse bthi-shto2, I have shot.

tha-ku’-dse ni-shto", you have shot.

o®-ku’-dse o®-thi-shto™ i, we have
shot.

ku-ge’, sound of a drum when beaten.

ku-ku’-dse, shooting repeatedly; used
in describing a fight.

k’u’-shi, gulped into the earth.

ku’-tha, a friend.

i-ku’-tha wi-ta, he is a friend of mine.
ku’-zhi, far away; at a great distance.
ku’-zhi-a-ha mo*-thi", to live in
seclusion; to withdraw from so-
ciety of others; to live as a hermit.

M

ma’-cki-da, to cut a notch in an ax

handle or a hoe.
ma’-a-cki-da, I notched the ax
handle.
ma’-tha-¢cki-da, you notched the ax

handle.

mi (Om. same), sun.

mi, moons. (From a ritual.)

mi, a blanket.

mi to" a, a robe.

mi’-a-bi-¢o"-dse, to rape.

mi-a’-gtho"-ge i* do, I am married;
I have been married.

mi -a-gthu-shka, elf; sprite.

mi’-a-ka thi-gthi-gthi-a i ha, the
sun is radiant.

mi’ -a-po-ga, afternoon; sundown.

mi-gi’, a sharp stick used for perforat-
ing meat to be fastened together
for jerking. Also used in weaving
rush mats.

Mi’-cgo"-e, White-sun. Female per-
sonal name.

Mi-da’-i"-ga, Playful-sun. Personal
name. Refers to the sun as one
of the symbols.

mi da’-stsu-dse, sunbeam.

Mi’-do®-a-bi, Sun-that-is-looked-up-
on. Female personal name.

Mi-do”-be, Sees-the-sun. Female
personal name.

mi’-i-tho"-be, the sun appears; sun-
rise.

mi-ga’, female.

tse mi’-ga, female buffalo.
ka’-wa mi-ga, female horse (mare).

mi-ga’ do-ga i-da-be, male and
female.
mi ga-gthe’ ce (sun’s rays). The sun

as he rises throws up broad, spread-
ing rays. Thirteen of these rays
are the war symbols of the Tsi’-

i
¥
.

LA FLESCHE]

mi ga-gthe’ ce—continued.
zhu Wa-no® gens. The rods used
by the warriors in recounting their
military honors are made to sym-
bolize these thirteen rays.

Mi -ga-sho"-i", Sun-that-travels.
male personal name.

mi-go™ tha, a man married by pur-
chase. When he reaches an ad-
vanced age, he finds it useless to
do any courting, so he purchases
a woman. A _ suitor. (See mi-
thi’-gtho*.)

Mi’ -gthe-do®-wi", Sun-hawk-woman.
Female personal name.

mi’gtho"-ge (male), matrimony.

mi’-ha-shi-the, a robe worn with the
hair outside.

mi’-he-ga, rush (Hquisetum hiemale).

mi hi-e-ge’-ta, toward the setting of
the sun.

mi -hi-the, sun gone; sundown; sunset.

Mi’ - hi- the, Sun-down. Personal
name.

mi’-hi-the do", at sunset, when the
sun goes down.

mi’ -hi-the te wax-ka-da-zhi do®-be
u-xta, a wonderful sunset.

mi’ -hi-tho®-be dsi, where the sun
appears; the east.

Mi -ho®-ga, Sacred-sun.
sonal name.

mi’-ho-wa-gi tho" shi a(?) where
was the sun when you started; at
what time did you start?

mi’-i-da-ga-be, sunburn.

mi’-tho" da-ka-de i-thi da-ca-be ha,

you sunburn.

Fe-

Female per-

mi’-tho® o®-tho™ da-cga-be ha, I
sunburn.
mi-ka’, raccoon. The raccoon was

used for food by both the Osage
and the Omaha. When the fur
traders came among the Omaha
they never paid more than a
quarter of a dollar for a raccoon
skin, so they called the coin mi-ka’-
ha-i-tha-wa, raccoon money.

mi-ka’-k’e, mushroom.

mi-ka’-k’e, star.

mi-ka’-ke’e git-dse stse-dse, long-
tailed star; comet.

67025—32: 7

OSAGE DICTIONARY

91

mi-ka’-k’e ho”-ba-do" thi®-kshe,
the morning star. Used in rituals.

mi-ka’-k’e ho"-do" thi-kshe, even-
ing star.

mi-ka’-k’e mo"-thi® a-zhi, lode star;
magnetic ore, from mi-ka’-k’e, a
star; mo®-thi", moving; a-zhi, not
—star-moving-not. This star is
known among astronomers as the
guiding or Pole star.

mi-ka’-k’e to"-a, the great star; the
morning star.

mi-ka’-k’e u-ki-tha-ts’i", double star.

mi-ka’-k’e u-xpa-the, meteor; falling
star. The year 1833 was known as
the year of falling stars.

mi-ka’-k’e u-zho®-ge, the path of a
star; orbit.

mi-ka’-k’e-wa-cpe, the inactive star.

Mi-ka’-k’e-zhi®-ga, Little-star. Per-
sonal name.

mi-ka’-k’e zhu-dse, red star; Pole
star.

Mi-ka’-ki-thi-xa bi, when the rac-
coons rut, November.

mi-ka’-pshe, hairbrush grass (Stipa
spartea).

mi-ka’u-thu-thi"-ge,
catching raccoons).

Mi-ka’-wa-da-i®-ga, Playful-raccoon.
Personal name.

Mi-ka’-xa-ge, Crying-raccoon.
sonal name.

mi-ke’ the-stse-dse, cattail (Typha
latifolia). This is also the name
of a gens.

mi-ke’-the-stse-e, the common cat-
tail, used for coarse weaving
(Typha latifolia).

Mi-k’i>’, the Sun Carrier.
of a gens.

Mi-k’i” Wa-no®, Carriers of the sun
and moon. This refers to the life
symbols, all the heavenly bodies.

mi-kshe, me. (From a ritual.)

mi-kshi”’-da, I am.

mi", a robe. In the shrine, Rite of
Vigil, scalp and bird degrees of the
Tribal Rites, the ceremonial robe,
called Xo’-ka mi", was made of a
puma skin which symbolized fire.
In the weaving of the Shrine, the

a trap (for

Per-

The name

92

mi*—continued.
burden strap sayings of the Ancient
Men, degrees of the Tribal Rites,
the ceremonial robe was a buffalo
robe (of the Wa-tse-tsi gens the
robe was made of deerskin). In
the Tattooing ceremony the cere-
monial robe was made of a black
bearskin. This ceremony is apart
from the tribal rites. The Mi-
ki’?i and Tho’-xe gentes use seven
raccoon skins.

mi’-na, this is a special kinship term
used by a father and mother for
their first daughter. The term is
also used by other members of the
family. It is not a personal name;
it is, however, a gentile name, by
which she may be addressed by
anybody.

mi®-dse’, to creep; to crawl on the
hands and knees.

zho® ki-gthe’ ke dsi a-mi"-dse bthe
ha, I crawled under the log.

mi*®-dse, bow. The Osage made their

bows of the Osage orange saplings.
When this wood is not obtainable,
they use the hickory or the ash
sapling.

mi” -dse ke a-gthu-ce, I recovered my
bow.

mi"’-dse ke tha-gthu-ce,
covered your bow.

mi” -dse ke 0"-gthu-ca i, we recovered
our bow.

Mi” -dse-cgta ga-xa, Bow-wood Creek.
The site of the eleventh camp of
the first trail of the buffalo hunt.
Also the site of the tenth camp of
the second trail.

mi” -dse ga-xe pi-mo”, I am skilled in
bow making.

mi” -dse ga-xe pi-o” bi a, he is skilled
in bow making.

mi” -dse ga-xe ship-zho", you are an
expert bow maker.

mi” -dse-ko"—mi"®-dse, bow; ko,
sinew; bow-sinew: bowstring.
The Osage made their bowstrings
out of a buffalo sinew. A good
hunter is always supplied with
extra bowstrings in his quiver.

Mi” -dse-ko", Bow-string. Personal
name.

you re-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

mi” -dse-ko®, the trigger of a gun.
wa-hu’-to®-the mi” -dse-ko" tse bthi’-
do® ha, I pulled the trigger.

Mi” -dse-ni-e, Fences-with-a-bow.
Personal name.

mi” -dse-shta hi, smooth bowwood,
the Indian name for the Osage
orange (T'oxylon pomiferum). The
Pawnees. and Omahas pay a big
price for this wood because of its
lasting qualities.

mi*’-dse ta-shpi, the nock of a bow or
of an arrow.

mi” -dse wi" e-pa-xe o, I am making
a bow for him.

mi® -dse wi® shka-xe, you are making
a bow.
mi®’-dse wi" wi-pa-xe 0, I am making
a bow for you.
mi®-kshe, I, who sit here.
pression found in rituals.

Mi”-kshe-cka ga-xa, Dogie Creek.
A small branch of the Arkansas
River.

mi’-no", the first daughter (special
kinship term).

mi” -to®-a, a buffalo robe.

mi”-to®-a gtho®-the wi" a-bthi, I
have a large buffalo robe.

mi” -to"-ga, a large robe.

mi -to-o-xthe, sunflower, looks always
to the sun. The compass weed;
from this weed there is a gum that
exudes from the stalk. (See mi-
ta-o-ga-xthe.)

mi” -tse, bow.

mi®’-tse-ko", bowstring.

mi’ -tse-ta-spe, notches of bow.

Mi” -tse-xi, Sacred Robe. A personal
name.

Mi*-tsiu’-sha-ge ga-xa, Grizzly Bear
Claw Creek.

Mi-tsiu’-zhi*-ga,
Personal name.

mi®"-tsu’, grizzly bear.

mi -o"®-ba, the moon.

mi’-o"-ba a-thi-ge-zhe, a half moon;
a crescent.

mi’-o"-ba_ gi-k’a-be_ gi-gthe,
waning of the moon.

mi’-o"-ba the, this month.

mi’-o"-ba tho" da-pa, the moon is
round.

An ex-

Little-grizzly-bear.

the

¥

LA FLESCHE|

mi‘-o"-ba u-ki-cte hi e no®, semi-

monthly.
Mi‘’-she-tsi-the, Yonder - the - sun-
passes. Personal name.

mi’-ta o-ga-xthe, a sun-gazer plant;
the gum plant (Silphium lacinia-
tum).
Mi’-tha-gthi*, Good-sun.
personal name.
mi’-tha gtho®-ge i" do, you are mar-
ried.
mi-thi’-gtho®, a suitor; a lover.
mi-thi’-gtho", to woo; to make love.
mi-bthi’-gtho*, I woo.
mi-ni-gtho", you woo.
mi’-tho® a-gthi-tse-ga ha, I reno-
vated my blanket.
mi’-tho" da-ka-dse, the sun is hot.
Mi-tho®-to"-mo®-i®-zhi*-ga, Young-
mid-day. Personalname. Refers
to the sun at early noon.
Mi-tho’-to" Wa-tho®, Mid-day Songs.
These are given according to the
Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge version. It
was a custom long before the
white man came for the Osage to
offer supplication at dawn, mid-
day, and sunset, as the sun was
considered one of the abiding places
of Wa-ko2-da. The first refers to
the red eagle, the white eagle, and
the bald eagle as the giver of the
three symbols for the three periods
of the day; the second relates to
the sun, who is spoken of as
father; songs 3 and 4 are sung
twice.
Mi’-tse-xi, Sacred-sun.
sonal name.
mi’-u-bthi-wi", a ring around the
moon or the sun; a halo.
Mi’-u-ko®-dsi, the solitary moon;
month of February. This is the
version of Black Dog, while Chief
Look-out says it is the month of
January.
Mi u’-k’o® thit-ge, Moon of the Idle
days, March.
mi’-u-tha-ge—mi, sun; u-tha-ge, re-
porter—sun reporter: a clock.
mi’-u-tha-ge wi-ta tho® wa-hu-stsa,
my clock is small.

Female

Female per-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

93

mi-u’-tha-ge-i-ko®-the, watch chain.
mo»’-ce-¢ka ci mi’-u-tha-ge-i-ko®-the
wi" a-ni ni-ke ha, you have a gold
watch chain.
miu’-tha-ge i-ko®-the wi-ta stse-dse,
my watch chain is long.
mi-u’-tha-ge u-ta-no", one of the
spaces of time as marked out on
the face of a clock or watch; an
hour.

mi-u’-xpe, sun falls; sunset.

mi-u’-xpe gi-thi-ko", clouds making
way for the sun as it approaches
the western sky.

mi’-wa-ba-tse, bands of ribbon on a
woman’s blanket.

mi-wa-da, to be jealous (as a man
of a woman).

wa-u’ wi® mi-a-a-da ha, I am jealous
of a woman.

wa-u’ wi® mi-a-tha-da ha, you are
jealous.

Mi’ -wa-ga-xe, Child-of-the-sun. Per-
sonal name.

mi -wa-gthu-shka,
fairy.

mi wa’-o" zhi®-ga, little songs of the
sun. These songs are the Tsi’zhu
version and are appeals for aid
from that heavenly body for suc-
cess in defeating the enemies of
the tribe. In these songs the Sun
is referred to as Grandfather; refer-
ence is made to its rising—first,
its outspreading rays; second, its
appearance above the horizon visi-
ble to the supplicant; third, the
appearance of plumelike shafts; and,
fourth, when it has fully arisen.

mi’-xa cka, the white swan. (See
legend.)

mi’-xa-cka ha, white swanskin.

mi’-xa-cka to*-ga, the white swan.
This bird figures in the Osage
tribal rites as a symbol of strength
and endurance.

mi’-xa-do-ga, a drake.

mi’-xa-ghto"-ge shto", diver; a coot

mi’-xa-pa-to-ho, mallard duck. The
skin of the neck and head of the
mallard duck was used by the
Osage and Omaha as a symbol of
peace on their peace pipes.

fay; an elf; a

94 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

mi‘-xa-sha-be—mi-xa, goose; sha-be, | mi’-zhis—continued.
dark goose. The goose is used by acter of the family of the young
both the Osage and Omaha for man and also that of the young
food. man himself.
mi’-xa sha-be zhi®-ga, a gosling. There is one point on which
mi’-xa zhi®-ga, a teal duck. every self-respecting family is par-
mi’-zhi", the name of a marriage cus- ticular, and that is that the daugh-

tom which takes place between a
youth and a maiden. The mar-
riageable age is reached shortly
after puberty, and those who have
attained that period of life are
known as Tse ga-no®, “newly
grown.’ ‘These young people, un-
less near relatives, are not allowed
to mingle or even speak to one
another. They are strictly guard-
ed, so that no couple can arrange
their own marriage affairs, and
open courting or love-making is
quite impossible.

The initiatory steps toward mar-
riage must come from the family
of the young man. No one hay-
ing a marriageable daughter can do
anything looking toward her mar-
riage; she must wait to be sought.
It, therefore, becomes necessary
for the parents or near relatives of
the youth to seek for him a suit-
able wife, who must be chosen
from a gens other than the gentes
to which the father or mother of
the youth belongs.

When a suitable maiden has been
found—one who in the opinion of
the young man’s family would
make him a good wife—the par-
ents summon four old men, each
of whom has won the title of
Ni‘-ka do" he, or Good Men.
This title belongs to a man who
has been married according to the
established customs of the tribe,
has successfully raised and mar-
ried off his own children, and lived
to become a grandfather. The
Ni’-ka do" he are employed to con-
duct the negotiations between the
family of the youth and that of
the chosen maiden, and for their
services they receive a fee. When
the four men present the proposal
of marriage, they extol the char-

ter shall marry only into a family
the parents of which have been
properly united in accordance with
the recognized tribal custom. One
of the first inquiries made of the
four old men by the parents of
the girl is upon this subject.
When the answers given are sat-
isfactory as to the standing of the
youth’s family, the next step is
the consideration of the number
and character of the gifts to be
made by the parents of the young
man. As all the near relatives of
the maiden must each have a gift,
it becomes necessary to canvass
carefully the amount and value of
the gifts offered to insure satisfac-
tion on the part of all entitled to
share in them. These negotia-
tions often consume considerable
time. When at last this matter is
adjusted the four old men are
bidden to inform the family of the
youth that the relatives of the
maiden will be consulted. This
form of message is regarded as an
assurance to the four men that
their mission will be successful.
At this point it is possible for the
parents of the girl to reject the
proposal, but if they are favorably
inclined they now communicate
with the maternal uncle and con-
sult with him. If he gives his
consent, all the other relatives
agree to the proposed marriage.
The parents of the maiden send
a messenger whose duty it is to
convey their consent to the par-
ents of the young man and to
announce the time when the cere-
mony of the delivery of the gifts,
the maiden, and the young man
shall take place. On the ap-
pointed day the parents of the
young man lead a procession com-

4
ki
‘
i
\-

LA FLESCHE]

mi’-zhi*—continued.

posed of all the relatives of the
youth, each one bearing a gift of
a horse or a blanket to be delivered
among the relatives of the maiden.
When all the promised gifts have
been delivered to the relatives of
the girl and accepted by them, the
relatives of the young man return
to their home.

On the following day the parents
of the maiden send her, accom-
panied by a prominent man, to the
home of the prospective bride-
groom to be delivered to him and
to his parents and relatives. This
act is spoken of as a declaration:
‘‘We give to you our daughter.”
The bride takes with her gifts of
blankets and horses to be distrib-
uted among the relatives of the
young man. The next morning
the bridegroom’s relatives again
form a procession and take both
bride and groom to the house of
the bride’s parents and deliver her
and her husband to her parents’
relatives. This act, which com-
pletes the marriage, is equivalent
to the declaration by the youth’s
parents: ‘‘We give to you our
son.”

mi’-xa zhi"-ga xo-dse, teal duck.

mo, anarrow. The Osage made their
arrows out of a wood they call
mo”’-ga hi, arrow wood (Cornus
aspert folia). When this wood is
not obtainable they use the ash.
Two arrows, ceremonially made,
are used in some of the Osage tribal
rites, one painted black and the
other red, to represent night and
day, they being symbols of ever-
lasting life.

mo”a-do-we, trump in a game of
cards.

mo”’a-tha-ge, arrow feathers.

mo?"-ba’-tsi-he, a hummock; a gopher
hill.

mo®-bi’-ge, drought; continued dry
weather; absence of rain.

mo”’-bi-dse, sumac. The leaves of
the sumac were dedicated by the

OSAGE DICTIONARY

95

mo*’-bi-dse—continued.
No»’-ho®-zhi®-ga to use for smok-
ing when performing the cere-
monies relating to the making of
the rush shrine for the sacred
hawk, the emblem of the courage of
the warrior; the smoke of the leaves
was very mild and could be in-
‘haled.
mo’ -bi-dse ba-ko® (Rhus glabra), the
common sumac (smooth) used for
smoking.
mo” -bi-dse xtsi hi, the real mo®-bi-
dse, the leaves of which the No”-
ho2-zhi®-ga declared to be suitable
for use for ceremonial smoking.
The leaves of the tall sumac were
always used for smoking at the
tribal ceremonies.
mo” -bi-xo®, columbine and _ other
sweet-smelling seeds used among
the Osage for perfumery.
mo” -bi-xo" ga-be, black perfume;
columbine seeds.
Mo”™-btho®-ba, Corn-hill.
personal name.
mo” -btho® ga-xe—mo*-btho®, corn
hills; ga-xe, to make: to-make-
corn-hills. Preparation for plant-
ing corn.
mo*’-btho" pa-xe, I am making corn
hills.
mo*’-btho® shka-xe, you are making
corn hills.
mo”’-btho® 0®-ga-xe, we are making
corn hills.
mo”’-ga, arrow shaft.
mo” -ca-ga-ts’u, gun wad. When the
Osage came into possession of the
flintlock musket he saved all the
arrow-shaft shavings for use as
gun wad. The word is a com-
posite: mo*-ga, arrow _ shaft;
ga-ts’u, shavings. In his bullet
pouch the hunter carried a large
supply of the shavings.
mo” -ca hi, arrowwood. (See mo*.)
Mo” -ca hi, A Thicket of Arrowwood.
This was the site of the fourteenth
camp of the second trail in the
hunt for buffalo.
Mo” -ga-no®-pa-i", Dreaded-arrow-
shaft. Personal name.

Female

96

mo” -ca-xo-ta hu, gray arrowwood
(Cornus circinata L’Her). This
tree was used for making arrows.
mo®-ge’, woman’s breast.
Mo”-ce, Metal. Personal name.
mo”’-ge, iron or any kind of metal.
mo®-ce-mo® da-cko" a-the, I melt the
metal.
mo*-ce-mo"® da-cko®
melt the metal.
mo”-ge, steel trap; a beaver or rac-
coon trap.
mo”-cge a-ba-ta, wire fence.
mo”-cge a-da-ko*-gthe,
lamp.
mo*’-ge a-ga-tsa-ge, a rivet.
Mo”-ge ca-be, Black-breast. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the black
hair on the breast of the elk.
mo”’-ge-ca-gi, hard iron; steel.
mo” -ge-ci—mo"’-¢ge, metal; gi, yel-
low: yellow-metal—brass.
mo”-ce gi a-ba-gta—mon’-ce, iron;
ci, foot; a-ba-cta, patch; foot-iron-
patch; horseshoe.
mo*’-cge-¢ka, white metal (money).
mo*’-ge-cka o-this-ge, I have no

tha-the, you

a metal

money.

mo*’-ce-¢cka thi-thi"-ge, you have no
money.

mo*’-ce-¢ka wa-thi"-ga i, we have no
money.

mo” -ge-¢ka a-do"-be, treasurer.
mo” -ge-cka a-gi-da ha, I am asking
for my money.
mo”’-ge-cka ga-gi, a coin.
mo”-ge-cka gi—mo”’-ce-cka, money;
gi, yellow; yellow money: gold.
mo” -ge-cka gi’-ba hi, they are col-
lecting money from him.
mo2-ge-cka i-ts’a-the, a spendthrift.
mo*’-ce-cka i-ts’a-the ma e-go" i ha,
he is a spendthrift.
mo-cge-cka thi®-ge—mo’-ce-cka,
money; thi™-ge, none, not any:
not-any-money—penniless.
mo»’-ce-cka o*-this-ge, I have no
money.
mo”’-ge-¢ka thi-thi"-ge, you have no
money.
mo*’-ce ¢ka wa-thi®-ga i, we have no
money.
mo*’-ce-gka to*, rich in money aad
chattels.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

mo” -ce-cka tsi—mo” -ge-cka, money;
tsi, house: money-house—bank.
mo” -ce-cka tsi a-thi™—mo”-ce-¢cka,
money; tsi, house; a-thi2, owner:
money-house-owner—banker.
mo’ -ce-cka tsi a-thi2 to® a-gi-to® be
bthe ta mi®-ke ha, I will see my
banker.
mo” -ce-¢ka u-da wa-gthe-ge, paper
or writing for borrowing money; a
note.
mo” -ge-cka u-thu-da wi" a-wa-ki,
I gave a promissory note.
mo" -ce-cka u-zhu, purse; pocket-
book; wallet.
mo*’-ge-¢ka u-zhu o®-wo® xpa-the ha,
I lost my wallet.
mo”’-ge-cka wa-no"-p’i®, silver med-
al; peace medal.
mo”’-ge-e, hoe.
mo”’-ge ga-xe—mo”-ce, iron; ga-xe,
maker: iron-maker—a blacksmith.
mo*-cge ga-xe todsi ka-wa to®
a-gtha-bthi bthe ta mi*-kshe, I
must take my horse to the black-
smith.
mo” -ge-ga-xe tsi—mo”’-ce, iron; ga-
xe, to make; tsi, house: house-to-
make-iron; a blacksmith shop.
mo”-ge it-shta u-gtho"—mo”’-ce,
metal; i*-shta, eyes; u-gtho*, to
put in: eyeglasses; lorgnette.
mo”-ge i®-stu-gtho" wi-ta tho®
mo*-sho-sho-dse i"-tha ha, my
spectacles are dirty.
mo”™-ce ki-tha-ha-pa-hi, a pickax
with edges like a chisel instead of
pointed; a mattock.
mo”™-cge_ k’o®-ca-gi—mo”’-¢e,
k’o0"-ca-gi, swift: telegraph.
mo”’-ge-mo"—mo"-ce, metal; mo2,

iron;

arrow; the word applied to a
bullet. (Om. same.)

mo”-cge mo”-hi®-gi, an iron arrow-
head.

mo”-ce-mo" wu-ga-xto", a bullet
mold.

mo”™-ce ni-xo-dse, iron ashes; gun-
powder.

Mo” -ge-no®-p’i., Iron-necklace. Per-
sonal name.

mo™-cge pe-dse i-shko"—mo*-¢e,
iron; pe-dse, fire; i-shko", to warm
one’s self. The Osage name for
a stove.

[BULL. i09 _

LA FLESCHE]

mo”-ce ta-ta-ce—mo*-ce, iron; ta-
ta-ce, ticking—ticking-iron: type-
writer.
mo” -ce ta-ta-ce tse-ga wi" a-bthi®,
I have a new typewriter.
mo” -ce tse-xe wi" a-ni, you have a
tin pail.
mo*’-ce tse-xe wi" pa-xe, I made a
tin pail. ’
mo” -ce tsiu-ge—mo”’-¢e, metal; tsiu-
ge, mussel shell, a name applied
to spoons; an iron spoon.
mo”-ce tsi u-thu-ga-do"—mo”"’-¢e,
metal; tsi, house; thu, with which
to; u-ga-do", peg down; metal-
with - which - to - peg-house-down:
nail.
mo” -ce tsu-ge, an iron spoon or shell.
mo”™-ce u-ga-tsa-ge, a rivet.
mo®-ce u-ga-tsa-ge to"-ga ge-wi® o?-i
0, give me a large rivet.
mo”-ce u-gtho"—mo”-¢e, trap; u-
gtho", putting in (the act of put-
ting the trap in the mouth of a
beaver hole): trap setting. (Om.
same.)
mo” -ce u-ki-ki-e—mo"-ce, iron; u-
ki-ki-e, talk together, or to each
other: telephone.
mo” -ce -u-ki-thu-cha-ge—mo” -ce,
iron; u-ki, together; thu-cha-ge,
welded—iron-welded-together: a
chain.
mo” -ce-u-tha-ge, telltale wire; tele-
graph wire.
mo” -ce u-xtho-k’a, a stovepipe.
mo*-ce u-xtho-k’a tse u-cijha, the
stovepipe is rusty.
mo" -ce-we-ba-k’u—mo"-ce, _ iron;
we-ba-k’u, to dig with: a spade.
mo” -ce we-ba-tse—mo"-¢e, iron; we,
with which to; ba-tse, sew—iron-
with-which-to-sew: a sewing ma-
chine.
mo” -ce-we-e, a plow. Before the
iron plow was intwoduced among
the Osage they used the shoulder
blade of the elk or bison for hoes.
Traders introduced the iron hoes,
and when the plow was brought
the Indians gave it this name,
which meant iron hoe.
mo” -ce-we-e a-gthi-xo", I broke my
plow.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

97

mo’-ce-we-e—continued.
mo” -ce-we-e tha-gthi-xo", you broke
your plow.
mo-ce-we-e o®-wo" ki o, lend me
your plow.
mo” -ce we-ga-k’u, an adze.
mo" -cge-we-ki-k’o", hardware;
useful article made of iron.
mo” -ce wiu-ga-do”, an iron wedge.
mo”-ce wi-u-ho"—mo*-¢ce, iron; wi,
modification of we, with which to;
u-ho®, cook: iron-with-which-to-
cook—a cooking stove.
mo”-ge zhu-dse—mo*-¢e, metal;
zhu-dse, red: red-metal—copper.
mo”-ce zhu-dse the-xe tse o®-tho"-
this gi o, bring me my copper
kettle.
mo”-ci hi, arrowhead (Viburnum).
Mo” -ci-tse-xi, Sacred-arrow-shaft.
Female personal name.
mo-co"-i'-ta, at the other side.
mo®-go” thi"-ta-a-ba-sda—mo"-¢o"
thi.-ta, on one side (of the head);
a-ba-sda, shave: shave-on-one-side-
of-the-head—penitentiary.
Mo-co’-tse ga-xa, Whistle Creek, so
called because reeds out of which
whistles were made grew there.
Mission Creek, Okla.

any

mo ®-cto’-gto, soft mud; a muddy
road.
u-zho®-ge ke mo®-cto’-cto, the road
is muddy.
mo"-cu’-dse-e-gon. (See zho®-xa-
shto®-ga.)

mo*-do’ka, moist. (See do’ka.)

mo®-9’-go", resembling an arrow.

mo” -ga, skunk.

mo*-ga’-bu, same as a-ga-ha-mi.

Mo*-ga’-shu-dse, Dust-maker. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the dust
made by the rushing of the
buffalo.

Mo” -ga-xe, Arrow-maker. Personal
name.

mo” -ge, breast or chest of a human
being.

Mo?-ge’-ci, Yellow-breast. Personal
name.

mo”-ge ni-e—mo"-ge, breast; ni-e,
ache: breast-ache, chest-ache; con-
sumption.

98

mo”™-ge thi-gto-the, the muscles of
my breast gathered in folds with
age. (From a ritual.)

mo”™-ge u-ga-gi, the hard muscle of a
buffalo’s breast; a term used in
butchering.

mo” -gthe, vertical or the beginning.

mo” -gthe-the, originator or author.

mo?*-gthi" 0’, go home.

mo" gthu-stse-dse Wa-tho®, songs
of drawing the arrows. This is a
version of the T'si’-zhu Wa-shta-ge
gens. The word gthu implies a
complex symbolism, and is here
personified as the one who draws
the arrows. In song 1 of this
group reference is made to the two
birds used in the ceremony; in the
second song the theme refers to the
red and black arrows sent in pur-
suit of Day and Night; in the third
song reference is made to the home-
coming attended with success; in
this little drama there is the
thought of courage and _ valor
against danger.

mo” - gthu - stse - dse Wa - tho,
Songs of Drawing His Arrows.
These songs are supplicatory in
character. The ceremonial acts
accompanying these songs express
a desire that the initiate shall not
only be successful in his military
career but that he shall also have
an endless line of descendants.
Reference is made in the song to a
little bow and two arrows; these
are made according to _ ritual
form.

mo”-ha, a cliff. This term is fre-
quently found in ritual ceremonies.

mo” -ha, where the sun sets; west.

mo”-ha stse-dse—mo-ha, a cliff;
stse-dse, tall; cliff-tall; a precipice.

mo” -ha tu i-the, wind from the west.

Mo” -ha-u-gthi., Sits-under-a-bank.
Personal name.

Mo”-ha u-gthi" to®-wo’, cliff village.

mo” -ha u-wa-ki-ho®, cliff upon cliff,
as terraces.

mo”’-ha zhu-dse, red clay; vermilion.

Mo” -hi-ci thu-ga-bi, name of a place
on the Verdigris River where flint
for arrows was quarried.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

mo” -hi-ci-u-gthe, slit for arrowhead.

mo” -hi-cgi wa-k’u kshe a-bthi., I
have the queen of spades.

mo” -hi-dse ta-xe, a blunt arrow used
in shooting game, especially birds.

mo?®-hi"™, grass.

mo*’-hi®, knife (ceremonial). In the
early days a red-stone knife was
used in the various ceremonies.
(For the story of the finding of these
(two) knives see Ni-ki-e ritual, 36th
Ann. Rept. B. A. E., pp. 206-208,
lines 13891-1446.) The knife be-
longed to the Ho*’-ga division.
Children to this day are named for
this ancient ceremonial weapon.
Under the changed conditions the
stone knife has disappeared and is
now represented by a carving
knife, which must always be a
new one.

mo®-hi” btha-cka, flat grass that
grows in damp soil.

mo*-hi’-btho" ce, buffalo grass
(Buehloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Euge-
leu; Bulbilis dactyloides (Nutt.)
Raf.)

Mo®-hi” btho"-ce ga-xa, Small Grass
Creek, a branch of Soldier Creek,
near Pawhuska, Okla.

Mo” -hi*-gi, Fire. Personal name.
Refers to fire drawn from stone or
arrowhead.

Mo” -hi"-ci, Flint-arrow-point. The
name of a subgens of the Ho*’-ga
U-ta-no®-dsi gens; acts as Sho’-ka
to itself and the gens.

mo” -hi®-ci ba-xtha, fire flint.

mo” -hi®-gi i-ta-xe-tse, the point of
an arrowhead.

Mo” -hi"-ci thu-ga bi, Flint Quarry;
Flint Rock, Okla.

mo” -hi"-¢pe—mor?-hi?,
meaning lost: ax.

mo”-hi*-gpe i-ba, a helve; an ax

handle.

mo”’-hi®-cpe i-ba bthi2-xo", I broke
an ax handle.

mo”’-hi®-cpe i-ba stsi-xo", you broke
an ax handle.

mo”-hi"-gpe i-ba o*-gthi-xo™ i, we
broke the ax handle.

Mo” -hi"-gpe-we-tsi", Battle-ax. Per-
sonal name.

knife; ¢pe,

— «> |<

Pe

LA FLESCHE]

mo” -hi*-cgpe zhi"-ga, a tomahawk,
a battle-ax or a hatchet.
mo"-hi"-ga-ce mo"-zho®, meadow-
land; portion of land used for
grazing.
mo?®-hi"’-ga-shda, to hoe the field;
to cut weeds.
mo2-hi” a-shda, I hoe the field.
mo®-hi® tha-shda, you hoe the field.
mo2-hi® o*-ga-shda i, we hoe the
field.
mo*-hi®-gi ba-xtha, fire flint. So
called on account of the ease with
‘which fire was produced when
bringing it in contact with hard
material. Used to produce fire
till the time of matches.
mo®- hi” i-ba-xtho - ge—mo>-hi?,
grass or hay; i, with which to;
ba-xtho-ge, thrust or pierce: with-
which-to-thrust-or-pierce-grass-or—
hay; pitchfork.
mo2-hi” i-ba-xtho®-ge thi-thi-ta ke
o2-wo®-k’i o, lend me your pitch-
fork.
mo®*-hi™ -i-ga-ge—mo?-hi", grass; i,
with which to; ga-ge, cut: with-
which-to-cut-grass; a mowing ma-
chine.
mo®-hi™ a-ce, Iam mowing the grass.
mo*-hi® tha-cge, you are mowing the

grass.
mo®-hi»” o®-ga-ca i, we are mowing
the grass.
mo” -hi®-ga-ce i-ba, long curved

handle of a scythe; a snath.

mo®-hi"-ga-ge mo*-zho", meadow-
land; a portion of land producing
grass which may be used for hay,
also for good grazing.

mo®-hi -i-thi-be-xi", a
drawn by a horse.

mo” -hi® i-thi-mo"*—mor-hi", knife;
i-thi-mo*®, to grind with: a whet-
stone; a hone.

mo?®-hi” -i-thi-xe, a sulky hayrake.

mo®-hi-kshe, knife lying on the
ground.

mo®-hi-pa, bitterweed, ragweed or
hogweed (Artemisiae folia). It is
said that meat from animals feed-
ing upon this weed becomes taint-
ed.

hayrake

OSAGE DICTIONARY

99

mo’ -hi®-pa-ci-go-be, a dagger; a
dirk; sharp-pointed knife.

mo?-hi” to-ho, greens; vegetables.

mo®-hi» to-ho tha-tse o*-cu, I like
vegetables.

mo” -hi® to®-ga, a cutlass; sword; sa-
ber; a large knife.

Mo” -hi®-to2-ga—mo*-hi", knife; to2-
ga, big: big-knife. The Osage
name for an Englishman.

Mo” -hi®-to®-ga ga-hi-ge—mor-hi?,
knife; to®-ga, big; ga-hi-ge, chief:
big-chief-knife; Indian agent.

mo#-hi™-ts’a-zhi, sedge grass (Carex
lurida). This grass grows along
the edges of the water and remains
green throughout the summer and
winter; it is one of the symbols of
long life, or continuity of life.

mo” -hi®-u-he, knife scabbard.

mo2-hi"-u’-zhu, manger.

mo®-hi®-u’-zho2 zhi"-ga—mo?-hi?,
grass; u-zho®, lies in; zhi®-ga, lit-
tle. The Osage name for the
marsh wren.

mo®-hi" wa-gthi", the garden is very

weedy.
Mo” -hi®-wa-ko"-da, Mysterious-
knife. Personal name.

mo*-hi” wa-xto" ha-do-ga, the cater-
pillarlike weed: the nettle.
mo?®-hi»’-xa, the clearing of a field of
old stalks and dead weeds in pre-
paring the soil for planting.
mo*-hi®’-bthi-xa, I cleared the field.
mo®-hi®-ni-xa, you cleared the field.
mo”-hi" zhi®-ga, little knife; pen-
knife.
mo-hi® zhi®-ga wi® a-k’i ha, I gave
him a penknife.
mo”-hi2® zhis-ga wit tha-k’i, you
gave him a penknife.
mo” -hi® zhi-ga wi® o®-k’ii, we gave
him a penknife.
mo®*-hi-zhu. (See wa-zhu.)
mo®-i™’, to walk.
mo2-i” bthe ta mi®-ke ha, I am
going for a walk.
mo»-i® shne a? are you going for a
walk?
Mo®-i"-gthe-do", Walks-home. Per-
sonal name.

100

mo*®-i"-ka, ground; earth; soil; clay;

mud.

mo®-i*-ka a-thi-tha-ha e tho, the
mud sticks to you.

mo®-i»’-ka o®-tha-ha e tho, the mud
sticks to me.

mo?®-i*’-ka ba-k’u, to excavate.

mo®-i»’-ka pa-k’u, I excavated.
mo®-i»’-ka shpa-k’u, you excavated.
mo2-i"’-ka 0®-ba-k’u i, we excavated.
mo®-i™-ka ¢ka, white clay; gypsum.
Lime made from this kind of stone
was used by both the Osage and
Omaha for whitening the sinew
used in making arrows; a variety

of selenite; calcium sulphate.

Mo” it-ka ga-xe, Maker-of-the-
Earth. The name of a gens.
Also found among the Omahas.

mo?-i-ka i-thi shto®-ga—mo*-i"-
ka, earth, soil; i-thi, with which
to; shto®-ga, make soft: a harrow.

Mo?®-i"-ka-mo"-i, Walks-on-the-
earth. Personal name.

mo®-i"-ka mo"-tse kshe, the inner
soil; the undersurface or strata.

mo®-i"’-ka tse-xe, pottery; earthen-
ware.

mo*-i’-ka tse-xe tse mo®-i®’-ka-cka

i-ga xa bi a, pottery is made from
clay.

Mo®*-i"-ka-zhi*-ga, Little-clay. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the four
different colors of clay, given by
the crawfish.

Mo?*-i* -ku-a-ha, a man by this name
died at this spot; he was of the
Tho’-xe gens. This was the fif-
teenth camp in the second buffalo
trail.

Mo®-i*-zhi, Does-not-walk. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the eagle.

mo” -i-tha-tha, arrow feather.

Mo®-kchi’-xa-bi, For-whom-arrows-
are-made. Personal name. Re-
fers to the arrows made for use
during the deer-hunting season.

mo*-ke da’-bthe-bthi", the arrow is
warped.

mo®-ke da’-gi-ge tha-gi-the a(?)
are you hardening the point of
your arrow by scorching it?

mo®-ke da’-gi-ce a-gi-the, I har-
dened the point of my arrow by
scorching it.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULT. 109

mo” -ki-¢o*-dse, to wrestle.
mo””-ki-co®-dse o®-gi-tha-gthi bi a,
ni-ka-shi-ga a-ka, the man likes
to wrestle.
Mo?-ko®, Medicine. Personal name.
mo®-ko™, drugs; any kind of medicine
except poisons.
mo*®-ko” a-thi", a druggist; one who
sells drugs.
mo"*-ko™ ca-be—mo"-ko, medicine;
ca-be, black: medicine-black; cof-
fee.
mo®-ko® ga-be ko®-btha,
some coffee.
mo2-ko’ ga-be shko®-shta, you want
some coffee.
mo*-ko™ ga-be, o®-go®-tha i, we want
some coffee.
mo®-ko*’ ga-be tse ¢ki-the wa-gthi*,
the coffee is too sweet.
mo®-ko"-ga-be u-tha-to®*, coffee cup.
Mo»-ko-cga-e To"-won, the Osage
name for Coffeyville, Kans.
mo®-ko® gi, yellow medicine; sulphur.
mo” -ki-cit-dse, threw himself upon
the earth.
mo*-ko"-cka, white pepper.
mo®-ko" ni-ka-shi-ga, man medicine
(Curcurbita perennis). One of the
medicines revealed by the buffalo
bull to the Osage people. See
legend.
mo"-ko®-pa, bitter medicine; pepper.
mo®-ko"-pa ga-be, black pepper.
mo®-ko-pa zhu-dse, red pepper.
mo"-ko"’-pi-zhi, bad medicine; poi-
son.
mo®-ko” pi-zhi
drank poison.
mo®-ko”-pi-zhi a-u-thi-k’e, bad
medicine put in the arm; morphine.
Mo?-ko" -thi", Possessors-of-medicine.
Personal name.
mo*-ko” to%-a zhi®-ga, little big
medicine. This is the poppy mal-
low (Callirrhoe triangulata), which
was also miraculously revealed to
the Osage by a buffalo bull for
healing of flesh and fractured
bones.
mo*®-ko” to®-ga, big medicine (Cur-
curbita foetidissima). This is one
of the medicines revealed by the
buffalo bull to the Osage people.

I want

tha-to" bi o, he

LA FLESCHE]

mo”ko®*-to"-ga zhi"-ga, poppy mal-
low, little medicine. The poppy
mallow is used by the Tsi’-zhu Wa-

shtage gens as a symbol. See
legend, back of book.
mo"-ko™-tsi, medicine house; dis-

pensary; pharmacy.
mo*"-ko” u-tha-to" e-no", strong;
forcible; potent; said of a drug.
Used also to represent a dose.
mo*-ko” u-thi-k’e, to inoculate.
mo®-ko” we-tse’the, medicine for
killing seeretly; poison.
mo"-ni’-ga, pocket gopher. The
Osage have a superstitious fear of
this animal. They think it has
power to do them harm.
mo*"-ni’-shki-shki-ga, a slough; a
marsh; a stagnant swamp; a mire;
a place of deep mud.
mo”™-no®-i", prairie chicken. Both
the Omaha and Osage use this
fowl for food.
mo®-no” -ti-de, rumbling of feet.
mo®-no"’-ti-de a-wa-no®-o" ha, I
heard the rumble of feet.
mo2-no”™-to-ba, where the earth has
been softened by continued tramp-
ing, especially by animals.
mo"-o”-ka hi2-dse, crockery.
mo”-pshe, birth; the beginning of a
family; the start of a generation.
mo”™-sha-ko", burden strap. The
burden strap was the holiest of the
sacred symbols, surpassing even
the hawk, the symbol of the war-
rior’s courage. When a husband
wishes to honor his wife he has one
made for her ceremonially. This
was one of the first ceremonies to
die out when new religious ideas
were introduced by missionaries.
mo”™-sha-ko" u-gtho", putting the
burden straps into or adding them
to the shrine.
mo” -sha-ko" Wa-ko®-da-gi, burden
strap (mysterious). This name
refers to the finding of the first
buffalo and the dedication of a
certain part of the skin to cere-
monial uses. The term Wa-ko-
da-gi implies: imbued with mys-
tical powers; it was from this con-
secrated part that the mysterious
burden straps were made.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

101

mo”-sha-ko® zhu-dse, red burden
strap (ceremony). At the close
of the Wi-gi-e To®-ga the left half
of a buffalo hide is placed before
the leader of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-no2
gens, who proceeds to cut it into
seven strips, each representing the
seven fireplaces of the Tsi’-zhu
division. Each of these straps is
painted red on one side only; then
each strap is carefully folded and
placed in a buffalo bladder sac to
which for convenience a strap is
fastened for carrying.

mo” -shi, up above; the arch of heay-
en; zenith.

mo*-shi’-a-dsi, high;
mountain; tall.

Mo” -shi-ha-mo?”-i", One-who-moves-
above. Personal name. Refers
to the eagle.

Mo-shi-ge u-we i-ta, Mo -shi--
ge’s field.

mo” -shi ta, at the upper part.

Mo*-shi’-ta-mo*-i, Moves-on-high.
Personal name. Refers to the
eagle.

Mo?-shko’-ge, the Osage name for the
Creek Tribe of Indians.

mo”-shko®, crawfish. The crawfish
in Osage mythology was the person
who brought from the recesses of
the earth four kinds of clay—
blue, red, black, and yellow—
which he presented to the people
for use as signs when they approach
Wa-ko-da with their prayers.

mo®-sho’-dse, dust blown or carried
by the wind.

mo®-sho’-dse i®-shta tho" 0°-wo"-ga-

hi-tha, the dust blew in my eyes.

Mo*-sho’ dse-mo®-i", Travelers-in-
the-mist. The name of a subgens
of the O-cu’ ga-xe gens; acts as
Sho’-ka to both itself and the gens.

mo”™-sho®, feather; plume; plu age.

mo"-sho”-dse, a cave; a hole in the
ground, as a gopher, badger, or
squirrel makes.

Mo”-sho"® Ga-sdu-dse, dropping the

lofty, as a

feather. A part in the Peace
ceremony.
Mo” -sho"-ho®-ga, Sacred-plume.

Personal name. Refers to eagle
plumes worn by priests.

102

mo” -sho® i-gi-the—mo"-sho", feath-
ers; i, with; ci-the, making yellow;
making-feathers-with-yellow; the
art of dying feathers yellow. Sor-
rel. (Rumex.)
mo” -sho® i®-be-hi", a feather pillow.
mo” -sho®-ka, a burden strap.
mo”™-sho® u-ca-gi, hard part of the
feather, the quill.
mo” -sho® u-gtho"-ge, feather bon-
net, such as warriors wore when
they went into battle.
mo” - sho" - u - thi2-ge—mo"-sho?,
feather or quill; u-thi*-ge, to
touch: voting; indorsing a check.
mo*’-sho® u-bthi-ge, I indorsed it.
mo”’-sho" u-stsi®-ge, you indorsed it.
mo”-sho® o-gi-thi"-ga i, we in-
dorsed it.
mo”™-sho" wa-gthe, ornamental or
symbolic plume worn on top of
the head.
mo”’-sho® xu-be, a pinion.
mo®-sho’-sho-dse, soft mud along the
edges of a stream; dust or dusty.
mo®-sho’-sho-dse tha-tha bi a, you
are raising the dust.
mo®"-shta’-ha, slippery ground; wet
ground.
mo"-shte kshe e-ta’-thi-sho® bthe
ha, I went via the south.
mo*-shti"-ge, the cottontail rabbit.
This little animal figures in the
myths of the Osage.
mo*-shti™ no"-ta-stse-e—mor-shti®,
rabbit; no®-ta, ears; stse-e, long:
long-eared rabbit; jack rabbit.
mo®-shti” no®-ta-stse-e wi® a-ku-
dse ha, I shot a jack rabbit.
mo"-shto”’, to steal.
mo®-btho®, I stole.
mo®-shno™, you stole.
mo”-stse, hot weather; a hot day.
mo*-stse wa-gthi", it is very hot;
very hot weather.
mo” -ta-spu-tse, nock of an arrow;
to put in position for shooting.
mo”’-tha-wa, the immature red-head-
ed woodpecker. This bird is fre-
quently called the arrow counter,
because when shot at with the
arrow by unskilled boys it would
dodge and act as though counting
the shots.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

mo®-thi", to exist; to walk.
mo-bthi®, I exist.
mo®-ni, you exist.

mo®-thi” a-ki-da, soldiers walking;
infantry.
mo"-thi” ba-dsu, gopher hill; the

soil raised by a gopher in digging
a hole.
mo?®-thi’-k’o, to dig into the earth.
mo®-thi-ga, a gopher.
mo?®-thi-ka, earth; soil; clay; mud.
(See mo2-i2-ka.)
mo®-thi”’-ka ci, a kind of yellow clay,
on the order of a faded red clay.
mo®-thi” -ka-gka, white clay.
mo®-thi -ka i-tsi, earth lodge.
mo®-thi»-ka ke bi-ge, the ground is
dry.
mo®-thi’-ka-to, a clay with a blue
or green shade in it.
mo®-thi”-ka tse-xe, pottery.
Mo®-thi”-ka zhi®-ga, Little-earth.
A personal name of the Crawfish
gens.
mo"-thi”-ka zhu-dse,
red; red clay.
mo*-thi® o-u, begone.
mo®-thi™-the, onward.
mo*-thi’-the, to go afoot; walking.
mo®-thi®-bthe, I go afoot.
mo-thi"’-ne, you go afoot.
mo"-thi” the do" ts’e-ge, the sym-
bolic name, among the Osage, given
to the white pelican, life symbol
of the Ho*’-ga great tribal division.
The translation of the name is:
he-who-becomes - aged - while - yet -

dirt or soil

traveling.

mo?*-thi”-to", the act of touching the
earth.

mo®-thi” -xo-dse, a prairie dog. (Om.
same.)

the
servant of the

mo"-thi™-xo-dse wa-da-gthe,
burrowing owl;
prairie dog.

mo” -thi-stsu, an arrow straightener.
It was a very important thing to
have the arrow true, so the In-
dians kept them straight.

Mo” -thiu-xe, Ground-cleared-of-
grass. Personal name. Refers to
the bare ground around the home
of the bear.

mo*-tho™, to steal; filch; or rifle.

LA FLESCHE]

mi-tho’-to" wa-no"-bthe, dinner.

mi-tho’-to® a-wa-no"-bthe, I had
dinner.

mi-tho’-to" wa-tha-no®-bthe, you had
dinner.

mo” -thu-gthe-ce, the grooves made
in an arrow shaft. These waving
grooves made in the arrow shafts
are explained by various writers to
mean lightning or blood to run
through, but the Omaha arrow
makers said that they were made
to prevent the arrow shaft from
bending or springing back into its
imperfection when it had once
been straightened.
mo” - thu - xtha - dss, arrow - shaft
polisher. This was made of sand-
stone.
Mo "-to-e, The-earth. Personal name.
mo”-tse, in the deepest of secret
places.
mo?®-tse’-dse, a bank or precipice.
mo®-tse’-ta, inside; interior of any-
thing.
mo®-tse’-ta-ha, inward; toward the
center.
mo?*-tse’-ta xtsi, inmost; innermost.
mo®-tu-tu-be, a hummock.
mo*-stse u’-thi®-ge, sunstroke.
mo®-stse u’-thu-thi"-ge, he had a
sunstroke.
mo” -xe, the sky.
mo” -xe-a-gthe, Reaches - the - sky.
Personal name. Refers to the
wind.
mo*-xe’ ki-the, an error; a departure
from the truth without intention;
a mistake.
mo2-xe-a’-ki-the, I made a mistake.
mo?-xe’-tha-ki-the, you made a mis-
take.
mo*-xe’ 02-ki-tha i, we made a mis-
take.
mo”-xe tha-gthi", a good sky; a
clear day. The unclouded sky isa
symbol of peace.
mo®-xe’-the, to deceive; swindle;
hoodwink; delude or defraud.
mo®-xe’-a-the, I deceived him.
mo®-xe’-tha-the, you deceived him.
mo?-xe o’-tha i ha, he swindled me.
mo*-xe, thi-hi-dse, conjuring the sky.
mo” -xi-ga, diffiident; shy; modest.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

103

mo®-xpi’, cloud; cloudy.

Mo?-xpi’ -mo?-i*, Traveling-cloud.
Personal name.

mo?®-zhi’, I do not.

mo” -zhi, a quiver. A quiver for
common use is made of dressed
buffalo skin. The ornamental
ones were made of otter, puma, or
fox skins.

Mo” -zhi-cka-k’i*-ga-xthi, Slayer-of-
the-warrior-with-the-white-quiver.
Personal name.

mo"®-zhi’ in da, I have not. (From a
ritual.)
mo”™-zhi*-ga u-zhi—mo*, bullet;

zhi2-ga, small; u-zhi, load—single-
barrel shotgun.

mo”-zhi tha-gthi*, the gray fox.
The Osage used the skin of the
gray fox for making quivers. The
fox-skin quiver was ornamental as
well as useful. The value put
upon a fox-skin quiver was equal
to that of a horse.

Mo-zho”, Earth. Personal name.
Refers to the legend of descent
from sky to earth.

mo*®-zho” (Om. same), earth; coun-
try; farm; world; land.

mo"-zho”™ a bi ge, the land became
dry.

Mo"-zho”-a-ki-da, Watches-over-
the-land. Personal name.

Mo*-zho”-a-ki-da ga-xa, at this
place a man died while in camp;
the spot was named for him. It
was the site of the fifth camp of
the buffalo trail.

mo2-zho” a-pshe, a wanderer over
the earth; vagabond.

Mo?-zho2-a’-shi2-e, Travels-over-the-
land. Personal name.

mo*-zho"-a’-ta, inland; away from the
water.

mo"-zho"® a’-tsi-gthe, to live on a
farm; to erect a house on a farm.

mo®-zho" a’-a-tsi-gthe, I live on a

farm.

mo®-zho® a’-tha-tsi-gthe, you live on
a farm.

mo®-zho® 0” -ga-tsi-gtha i, we live on
a farm.

mo®-zho" be u-shko®-zhi, a wilder-
ness; a desert; uninhabited land.

104

mo®-zho® btho’-ga, the whole earth.

mo*-zho" do"-be, to see the land; an
explorer.

Mo*-zho” -dsi-ci-gthe,
the-prairies. Personal
Refers to the bear tracks.

mo®-zho"-dsi ga-xthi, first to strike
while on the march (one of the
o-do®).

Mo” - zho® - dsi -i- ta, Born - on -
the-earth. Female personal name.

mo*-zho” dsi u-tsi", winning the
honor of first to strike while on the
march (one of the six o-do").

Mo” -zho"-ga-xe, Harth-maker. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the elk,
separating the waters from the
earth, making it habitable for the

Tracks-on-
name.

people.
Mo°*-zho”-ha-sho®, Travels-above-
the-earth. Personal name.
mo*®-zho” hi ta bi thi*-kshe, a

destination; at the end of a jour-
ney.

mo*-zho” i-k’u-tse, one who looks
over the land; a surveyor.

mo*-zho i-k’u-tse the a-gi-shi-be i"

do, I paid the surveyor.

mo"-zho” i-ta-bi, the land that is
theirs.

mo*-zho” ko"-ha, the edge of the
land; horizon.

Mo"-zho”-op-she-wi", Woman-who-
travels - over - the - earth. Female
personal name.

mo"-zho” shko®, earthquake.

mo"-zho" sho®-e’-go", verily the
whole world.

mo"-zho" the ga-ha, native of this
land.

mo*-zho” thit-kshe ni-ka-shi-a
thi.-ge ga-xa, to depopulate; to
unpeople the land.

mo"-zho”-thi-xu, landmark; any-
thing to serve as a guide along a
road.

mo*-zho” -thi-xu kshe, the outline.

mo*"-zho” tho® a-gi-ko®-btha ha, I
reclaimed my land.

mo"-zho” tho" o-xta, the land is
valuable.

mo*-zho"™-to", landholder; land-
owner.

Mo*-zho” -u-cko"-cka, Center-of-the-
earth. Personal name.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 1uy

mo*-zho” u-da, lessee.
mo*®-zho” u-da wa-ga-shi-be, mon-
ey paid for rent.
Mo*-zho”-u-ga-sho", Wanderer.
Personal name. Refers to the buf-
falo that roams over the ground.
mo®-zho” u-gthi*,—mo*-zho?, land;
u-gthi", occupy: tenancy.
mo®-zho” u-gthi" thi2-ke—mo»-
zho®, land; u-gthi, occupy; thir-
ke, one who—one-who-occupies-
land: a tenant.
mo®-zho” u-gthi" a-ka wa-hio® bi
tse, the tenant moved away.
mo"-zho” u-ho®-ge, the horizon;
the edge of the earth.
mo"-zho” u-ki-ho"-ge, border of the
land; the frontier.
mo"-zho” u-ki-ho®-ge,
lines of Jand.
mo*-zho” u-shko?,
land they inhabit.
mo®-zho” u-shpe—mo?-zho, land;
u-shpe, part—land division: a
section.
mo2-zho”™ u-shpe he-be we-bthi® wi®
ha, I sold a section of land.
mo"-zho" u-to™-ga, the earth when
it is the greatest in its fruitfulness.
The season when all fruits are ripe.
mo"-zho” u-wa-k’i, lease; lessor.
mo*-zho” wa-gthe-ge, maps; charts;
plats.
mo"*-zho™ wa-shpe-e-zhi, home-
stead.
mo*-zho” wa-tha-da-bi, a mile.
mo2-zho” we-k’u-tse—mo?"-zho",
land; we-k’u-tse, measure: an acre.
mo®-zho" wi-ta wa-we-ta wa-gthe-
ge oi bi a, I have a title to my
land.
mo®-zho"-xe, onions; garlic. Garlic
was plentiful on the prairies, but
until the Indians saw white men
using it for food they did not use
it because its odor was offensive.
mo®-zho"-xe o®-tha-gthi., I like
onions.
mo*-zho’-xe thi-tha-gthi= a, do you
like onions?
mo”-zhu, a quiver. The fine quivers
of the Osage Tribe were made of
gray fox and otter skin. The com-
mon quivers were made of buffalo
skin.

boundary

active on the

LA FLESCHE]

ni (Om. same), water; river; rivulet;
creek.
ni, to exist; to live.
a-ni’e tho, I live.
tha-ni’ e tho, you live.
o®-ni’ bi a tho, we live.
ni, sap, the water that courses through
the various parts of a tree or other
plants.
ni’-a-ba-ta, a dam such as a beaver
builds.
zha-be ni‘-a-ba-ta, a beaver dam.
Ni’-a-bi, Permitted-to-live. Female
personal name. Refers to the
fawn which the hunter allows to
escape.
ni’ a-ga-gi-ge, to sprinkle water on
some object.
ni a-a-ga-ci-ge, 1 sprinkle water.
ni a-tha-ga-ci-ge, you sprinkle water.
ni a’-ga-ha, on the surface of the
water.
ni-a’-gtha-gtha e,
‘lame.
ni-a’-a-gtha-gtha, I limp.
ni’-a-tha-gtha-gtha, you limp.
ni-a’-ko", same as ni a’-ko"-gthe.
ni-a’-ko" gthe, the windpipe.
ni-a’-mo®-thi"—ni, water; a-mo?-
this, walks on. The name given
to the water strider by the Osage;
this bug figures in the origin myth.

to limp; walk

ni-a’-ni-o*, a disagreeable skin affec-
tion: eczema.
ni’-a-shi-ga a-mi-xe xtsi a-ki-pa a-
hi bi a, a great throng met him.
ni, juice; the juice of fruit.
ni a’-tha-do”, receding of the waters.
mo’ -ki-ci=-dse tsi-the do™ a’
ni’ a-tha-do® i-he-the to® a.
He threw himself upon the waters,
And the waters receded. (From a ritual.)
ni -a-xe-xe, shallow rapids.
Ni -a-xe-xe shku-be, Deep Ford. At
this place there was a bad crossing.
The location was near what is
now the cemetery of Pawhuska,
Okla. This was the sixth camp
of the first trail.
ni-ba’-ce, land out of water.
ni-u’-tho® da.)

(See

OSAGE DICTIONARY

105

ni-ba’-btha-xe—ni, water; ba-btha-
xe, ripples; the ripples of the sur-
face of a stream caused by the
wind, or by a beaver or other
animal swimming across. In
some of the tribal rituals the rip-
ples caused by the swimming of
the beaver are mentioned as sym-
bolizing old age; the furrows on
the brow of an aged man.

Ni-btha’-cka, Flat water,
River, Nebr.

Ni’-cka, White River.
River (Mo.).

Ni-cka’-tho"-cka, Place between two
rivers, now called Beaver Creek.
Also Tse no®-ga kchi-xa bi, where
a fence was built as a protection
against the buffalo who would
break into camp. This was the
sixth camping place in the second
buffalo trail.

Ni’-cka u-thi-zho"-ka tse, the con-
fluence of the Osage and Little
Osage Rivers. Sometimes called
Mi’-xa-¢ka u-tsi, where white swan
are plentiful.

ni-cki’-the, salt. The Osage knew
salt and the use of it long before
the coming of the whiteman. They
knew the salt springs and the
places where rock salt could be
obtained.

ni-cki’-the ga-gi, hard salt (rock).

Ni-cki’-the ga-shki bi, the name of
the places where the Osage supply
themselves with rock salt. This
was the nineteenth and final stop
in the first buffalo trail.

Ni-cki’-the ga-xa, Salt Creek, near
the town of what is now known as
Fairfax, Okla. This was the
seventh camp of the first trail.

Ni-cki’-the u-gu u-gtho*, Salt-low-
land-forest; salt plains. The peo-
ple gathered large quantities of
salt (rock) at this place. This was
the fourteenth camp of the first
buffalo trail.

Ni-ckiu’-e ga-shki bi, cutting of
Rock Salt River; Cimarron River.
On this river the Osage pounded
rock salt.

Platte

Little Osage

106

Ni-ckiu’-e ga-xa, Salt Branch, branch
of the Verdigris River; Onion
Creek, Kans.

Ni-ckiu’-e ga-xa, Salt Creek; Buck
Creek, Okla.

Ni-ckiu’-e to®-ga, Big Salt River.
The name by which the Osage
called Salt Fork of the Arkansas
River.

Ni-cko”-gka ga-xe, Middle Creek.
The name by which the Osage
called Beaver Creek, Okla.

Ni-cko™-cka to"-wo", name given to
Arkansas City by the Osage.

ni-gni’, a spring of cold water.

ni-gni'te shta-ge, a stagnant spring.

ni‘-da, elephant. The bones of great
animals were frequently found in
banks by the people of this tribe,
the Osage, which they indiscrimi-
nately called by thisname. When
they saw the elephant in a circus
they applied this name to it.

ni da’-ka-dse, hot water; boiling
water.

ni’-da-ka-dse e-dsi-gthe, The Hot
Water ceremony. This ceremony
was performed in the Mourning
rite and its purpose is explained
by Xu-tha’-wa-to*-i" as follows:
“Tt sometimes happens that one
or more of the men who volunteer
to act as Do-do™-ho®-ga for their
gentes have not taken the Ni’-ki-e
degree of the war rites, an act
necessary to make them eligible
for the position. In order to ob-
viate this deficiency and to make
each man eligible for the office of
Do-do*’-ho"-ga the ceremonies of
the Ni’-ki-e degree are performed
in a modified abbreviated form to
serve as a sort of initiation to these
candidates.

ni’-da-ka-dse i-da-xthi", a burn
from boiling water; a scald.

ni’-da-ka-dse o®-tho® da-xthi® ha, I
am scalded.

ni’ da-ka-dse i-thi da-xthi® a(?) are
you scalded?

ni’-da-pa, round water; a pond.

ni’-da-stsu-e, lukewarm; warm water.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

ni’-do*, a flood; the overflowing of a
stream; a freshet.
be-do® the thu ni-do™ bi a, we had
a freshet this spring.
ni-do” -ga-xa, driftwood.
ni-do” to*-ga, great flow of water:
deluge.
ni’-dse, haunch; body.
ni’-dse, the lower part of the back;
the hips.
ni’-dse-gi to®-ga—ni-dse-¢i, yellow
rump; to®-ga, big: bumblebee.
ni’-dse-gthe-ge hi, posterior striped;
refers to the acorn.
ni’-dse ta-be, ball-like rumps.
ni’-dse wa-¢gpe wi-gi-e, Ritual used
at the Installation of a widow.
This ritual is divided into three
parts; the first part belongs to the
I»-gtho2-ga (Puma) gens and the
Wa-ca-be (Black Bear) gens of the
Ho-ga subdivision; the second
part to the Wa’-tse-tsi gens of the
Wa-zha’-zhe subdivision; and the
third part to the E-no” Mi®-dse-
to" gens of the Wa-zha-zhe subdivi-
sion. This ritual has reference to
the woman who is to be installed,
and as it is from her that all
sources of life spring, all references
to the destruction of life are
avoided.
ni-dse’-wa-the, that is of the water;
garter snake.
ni’-dsi, to go and fetch water.
ni’-dsi bthe ha, I go to fetch water.
ni’-dsi ne ha, you go to fetch water.
ni’-dsi-da, horse mint (Monarda);
used by the Osage for perfume.
ni’-dsi wa-tho”, Songs of the Water.
By some these are spoken of as
ni-thi’-tse wa-tho®, Songs of Cross-
ing the River, because when the
men of a war party had to cross a
large river they sang these songs
as an appeal to the Supernatural
for aid that they might reach the
other side in safety. These are
the Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge version.
The first five songs of this group
of six refer to the symbolic paint-
ing of the faces and body when

| LA FLESCHE)

ni’-dsi wa-tho"—continued.
attending ceremonies of the tribal
rites; in the sixth the four sym-
bolic animals appeal for Super-
natural aid.

ni’-dsu-ba ko*-btha, I want some
water.

ni’-e, an ache; a pain.

we’-thi-xthi o*-ni-e ha, my head
aches.

we’-thi-xthi thi-ni-e ha, your head
aches.

o®-ni’-e, I have pain.
thi-ni-e, you have pain.

ni-e’ i-gda-the, a salve; a medicine
for healing; vaseline; ointment.

ni-e’ i-gda-the de-ba o*-ki 0, give me
some salve.

ni-e’ i-gda-the du-ba o®-ki o, give
me some vaseline.

ni’ga-btha-xe, a wave or waves driven
by the wind.

ni’-ga-ci-ge, to splash water.

ni’-a-ci-ge ha, I splash water.
ni’-tha-ci-ge ha, you splash water.
ni’-o"-ga-ci-ga i, we splash water.
niga shko®, disturbing of the waters.
(From a ritual.)
ni’-ga-shpo", water soaked.
shpo®-the.)

ni-ga’-to-xe, to splash water with the
hands.

Ni-ga’-xu-e, Roaring-waters. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the waters
disturbed by herds of buffalo
crossing a stream.

ni’-ga-xe, to save the life of a man or
woman; to spare a life.

ni’-pa-xe, I saved his life.
ni’-shka-xe, you saved his life.
ni o*’-ga-xa i, we saved his life.
ni’-ga-xto", to pour water; to spill
water.
ni’ a-xto®, I spill water.
ni’ tha-xto®, you spilled water.
ni’ o®-ga-xto" i, we spilled water.
ni-gthu’-ge, watery; like soft mush.
ni’-ha, alge, a green, red, and brown
plant found in both sea and fresh
water; commonly called kelp or
seaweed. Belongs to the Thallo-
phyla family.
67025—32——8

(See

OSAGE DICTIONARY

107

ni’-hi, you frightened an animal (made
it leave its hiding place).
ni’-hi-dse pa-gthe, you reduced the
price of an article.
ni-hni’, water cold; a spring or well.
ni-hni’-bo-shta, two springs not far
from each other, one clear and
sweet, the other black and bitter.
A strange feature in connection
with these springs was that there
was a peculiar movement that
caused the Indians to call them
shooting springs. This was the
final camp of the second buffalo
trail.
ni-hni’ mo®-zho®-ta—ni-hni’, cold
water; mo®-zho®, land; ta, of the—
cold-water-of-the-land: a spring.
ni’-i-bi-ge, to be thirsty for water.
ni’-o®-tho®-bi-ce, I am thirsty for
water.
ni’-i-thi-bi-ge, you are thirsty for
water.
ni’-i-gi-gi-ge ga-xe, to make water
unfit for use by pollution; to make
water unclean.
ni’-i-gi-gi-ge pa-xe, I made the water
unclean.
ni’-i-gi-gi-ge shka-xe, you made the
water unclean.
ni’-i-gi-gi-ge o®-ga-xa i, we made the
water unclean.
ni’ i-tha-to™ (Om. same), cup; mug;
drinking glass; tankard.
ni i’-thi-cge, a pump.
ni i’-thi-ge te dse ni a-pi pi ha, I
went to the pump for water.
ni’-ka, man.
ni-ka’ a-ba wa-mo?*-thi® a-tha bi
a, the men marched away.
ni’-ka a-ka ka-wa to® a-gthi® bi a,
the man rode the horse.
ni’-ka a-ka to*-ga bi a, the man is
large.
Ni’ -ka-a-ki-ba-no?2, Runs-to-meet-
men. Personal name.
ni’-ka a-no®-bthi-shto", I am ma-
ture.
ni-ka’ ca-be—ni-ka, man; ¢a-be, black:
negro.
ni-ka’-ga-be wa-ga-xtho®,
servant.

a negro

108

ni-ka’ ga-e wa-k’o, a negro woman;
a negress.
ni-ka ca-e wa-k’o wi" u-ho® ki-the
a-bthit, I have a negress for a
cook.
ni-ka’ ga-e wa-k’o wi" u-ho® ki-the
a-ni a, have you a negress cook?
ni’-ka-ci-ci-do® bi a, a vigorous man.
ni’-ka-cko®-cka, a middle-aged man.

Ni’-ka-ctu-e, Gathering-of-men. Per-
sonal name.

ni’-ka do"-he, a grandee; good man;
illustrious; a hero; distinguished;
& prosperous man; a man honored
by his people.

ni‘ka dsa-pa, a dwarf.

ni’-ka du-ba i-pshe, men pass by.

ni -ka-i-gi wa-the, a villain; a de-
testable man.

Ni’-ka-i-ci-wa-the, Hated-man. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the aggres-
sive character of this gens.

ni’-ka i-thi-gtho®, fondness for men.

ni’-ka i-wa-tho®, songs of the sayings
of the ancient men. The title of
the first degree of the Osage tribal
rites. Sometimes Ni’-ki no®-k’o2,
Hearing the sayings of the ancient
men.

ni’-ka kshe, the man is lying on the
ground.

ni’-ka no® thi-shto", one who has
reached the age of manhood;
mature age; majority.

ni‘-ka o*-thi*-ge, I have no man;
IT am a widow.

ni’-ka-o-ta-¢a, a handsome man.

ni‘-ka-shi-ga,apeople. A ritual term.

ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ba she u-thu-to®
ba-zhi i ha, the man is unreliable.

ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ba u-shki-ga bi a,
an unprincipled man.

ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ba wa-xpa-thi® bi
a-tha, the people are poverty
stricken.

ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ga-ha ta kshe, people
of the outside; the uninitiated; the
laity.

ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ka dsa-pa bi a, he is
short.

ni‘-ka-shi-ga a-ka o-tho-to® ba-zhi
i ha, the man is wicked.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109 ©

ni’-ka-shi-ga a-mi-xe—ni'-ka-shi-ga,
people; a-mi-xe, pile on top of each
other: a mob.

ni‘-ka-shi-ga ga-ni—ni’-ka-shi-ga,
people; ¢a-ni, all: the public.

ni-ka-shi-ga e-go", human; mankind.

ni’-ka-shi-ga e-zhi, stranger.

ni’-ka-shi-ga e-zhi bthis ha, I am a

stranger.

ni’-ka-shi-ga §ga-xe—ni’-ka-shi-ga,
person or man; ga-xe, to make of
him: to personify.

ni’-ka-shi-ga hiu bi a, many people.

ni’-ka-shi-ga i-cgi-wa-the, a desper-
ado; one who has no regard for
the law.

ni’-ka-shi-ga i-ci wa-the-the o-
bthi®-geha, I caught the villain.

ni’-ka-shi-ga i-mo"-the, the other of
the two persons going.

ni’-ka-shi-ga i-mo®-thi*-kshe, the
other of two persons sitting.

ni'-ka-shi-ga pi-zhi—ni’-ka-shi-ga,
man; pi-zhi, bad: man-bad—
ruffian.

ni’-ka-shi-ga the be-go"-tha e-wa-
tha-zhi, the man is undesirable.

ni’-ka-shi-ga thit-ke mo” -ce-cka
thi2-ge, the man is a pauper.

ni’-ka-shi-ga u-no"-zhi", persons
reflected in another’s eyes.
ni’-ka-shi-ga u-thu-to" bi a, an

upright man.

ni’-ka-shi-ga u-tsi, a village or
country full of people; a populous
country.

ni’-ka-shi-ga wa-ba-ko"® e-wa-the,
a rascal; a bad man; one who
provokes anger by his bad conduct.

ni’-ka-shi-ga wa-hi, the bones of a
man; the skeleton of a human
being.

ni’ -ka-shi-ga wa-ho-k’a, a youth; the
youth; the young men and women
of a tribe.

ni’-ka-shi-ga wa-ko"-tha
a-ba-ta ga-ta-tha bi a,
enemy broke the stockade.

ni’-ka-shi-ga wa-shko® to"ga bi a,
he is a strong man.

ni‘-ka-shi-ga thi*-ke
pa-xe, I terrified him.

a-ba
the

wa-no®-pe

LA FLESCHE]

ni’ -ka-shi-ga thi"-ke tha-k’e’-a-the,
| my sympathy is for the man who
suffers.
ni’-ka-shi-ga thi.-ke tha-k’e-tha-the,
your sympathy is for the man who
suffers.
ni -ka-shi-ki-the, to cause them-
selves to live as human beings.
Ni’-ka-shi-tsi-the, Persons-passing-
by. Female personal name.
ni’ -ka-thi"-ge, a woman who has lost
her husband by death; a widow.
Among the Osage a widow remains
as such for a period of two years,
during which time she mourns for
her husband. For ceremony and
conditions relative to a second
marriage see o-mi’-ho".

ni -ka-tha-no"-stsi-shto", you are
mature.

Ni’-ka-tho"-ba, Two-men. Personal
name.

ni’ -ka to" tha-gi-shi-be, you paid the
man.

ni’-ka ts’e-ga, a simpleton; a weak-
minded person.

ni’-ka u-ko®-cka, a man who has
attained middle life.

Ni’-ka wa-ca-e, Ho! ye who are my
comrades. (Introduction in for-
mal address.)

ni‘-ka wa-gi-ci-ge, a valorous man.

Ni’ -ka-wa-da-i"-ga, Playful-man,
Personal name.

ni-ka wax-ka’-da-zhi, great man;
prominent man.

Ni’ -ka-wa-zhi"-to"-ga, Man-of-great-
courage. Personal name.

ni’-ka xo-be, the holy man.

Ni’-ka zhu-dse, Red man; Indian.

ni -ke-dsi, at the river or the water.

Ni’-ki-to"-ga, Great Words of the
Ancient (old) People.

ni’-ko"-ha, edge of the water.

Ni‘-ki-wa-tho", Songs of the Ancient
People. Sometimes called Ni’-ki-
no2-k’o", Hear the Words of these
People.

ni’-mo2, to swim.

a-ni’-mo®, I swim.

tha-ni’-mo®, you swim.

o®-ni’-mo?” i, we swim.
ni'-mo®-ho", a marsh; marshy land.
ni-mo?-i", to live.

(See hi-tha’.)

OSAGE DICTIONARY

109

ni mo?*-shki’-shki-ge,
swampy.
ni-ni’-ba zho*, pipestem wood; Wa-
hoo bush, commonly known as
Burning Bush (Huonymus atropur-
purea).
ni-ni‘-ga-hi, kinnikinnick; a
mixed with tobacco.
ni’-no"-ci-ge, the spattering of water.
ni-a’-no"-ci-ge, I spattered the water.
ni-tha’-no®-ci-ge, you spattered the
water.
ni-o®-no-ci-ga i, we spattered the
water.
ni-o™, breath.
ni-o” a-ka, he breathes.
ni-o” a-no"-cge—ni-o", breath; a-no®-
ce, to check or to stop; to stifle;
to suffocate; to smother.
ni-o™ a-thi-no®-ce, you smother.
ni-o® wa-no®-ca i, we smother.
ni-o”-gthu-ce (Om. same), the respi-
ration of breath; a sigh.
ni -o®-tho®-bi-ce, to drain.
ni’-o®-tho®-pi-ce, I drained.
ni’-o®-tho®-shpi-ce, you drained it.
ni’-we-a-bi-¢a i, we drained it.
ni o*-tho" ga-tse, I strangled on
water.
ni-o” thu-ts’a-ge, to be unable to
breathe; difficulty of breathing:
asthma.
ni-o”u-zho*-ge, the path
breath; the windpipe.
ni’ 0°-wo"-ta-thi", they become ex-
hausted before f do.
ni o-sho’-de, the water is smoky with
mud.
ni-shku-shku, the sand martin, or
bank swallow. The swallow is one
of the life symbols of the Ni’-ka
wa-ko®-da-gi gens of the Osage.
The swallow is believed to be as-
sociated with the clouds and
thunder. It is most active when
a storm approaches.
ni-shku’-shku, a swallow. A symbol
of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens.
ni’-o-sho-dse (Om. same), smoky,
muddy, turbid, and roily water.
ni-pa’-ha-i-the, to drown; drowned.
ni-pa’-ha i-bthe, I drowned.
ni-pa’-ha i-stse, you drowned.
ni-pa’-ha o®-ga i a-tha i, we drowned.

a swamp;

leaf

of the

110

ni te shta’-ge ha, the water is tepid.
Ni-sho’-dse (Om. Ni-shu-de), Smoky
River; the name given the Mis-
souri River because of the smoky
or muddy appearance.
Ni-sho’-dse to®-wo, the name given
to Kansas City, Mo., by the Osage.
ni’-sho"-sho"-e, life sentence.
ni‘-sho®-sho®-e a-gi-tha da bi a, he
was given a life sentence.
Ni’-tha-gthi., Good water. This
stream passes by the railroad sta-
tion of the same name. It is the
site of the fifth camp in the first
buffalo trail. It is also the name
given by the Osage to Nilogony
Creek.
ni’-tha-xtho-dse, choke with water.
(Om. ni’-tha-xtho-de.)
ni’-tha-to2, to drink water.
ni’-btha-to®, I drink water.
ni’-shna-to", you drink water.
ni-o”’-tha-to® i, we drink water.
ni‘-the, to exterminate; to destroy
utterly; annihilate.
wa-zhi®-ga ca-ni ni-a-wa-the ha, I
destroyed all the birds.
ni’-the, to permit to live. When
captives are brought in, it is the
Tsi-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens that
makes the decision as to which one
may live. (See da-gthe.)
ni’-the, to spend money; to give away
one’s own possessions, till all are
gone.
ni’-a-gi-the, I spend.
ni’-tha-gi-the, you spend.
ni’-o®-gi-tha i, we spend.
ni’-thi-bi-ge, to drain.
ni’-bthi-pi-ce, I drained it.
ni’-shni-bi-ge, you drained it.
ni’-o?-thi-bi-ca i, we drained it.
ni'-to", you touched it with your hand.
ni’-ts’a-the, sour water; vinegar.
Vinegar was not known to the
Osage before the white man came
in contact with them.
niu, to utter a cry.
Ni’-u-ba-shu-dse, Muddies-the-wa-
ter. Personal name. Refers to
the mud stirred up by fish as they
move in the bottom of a stream.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

ni-u’-ba-xi, to douse; to duck; to
push into the water.
ni-u’-pa-xi, I push into the water.

ni-u’-shpa-xi, you push into the
water.

ni-o®-gu’-ba-xi i, we push into the
water.

ni-u’-bi-do", to dip; to immerse; to

plunge into water.

niu’-pi-do®, I plunged into the water.

niu’-shpi-do", you plunged into the
water.

niu-o®-gu-bi-do", we plunged into the
water.

ni-u-¢a’-gi, the strongest flow of water
in a stream; the body of a river.

ni-u’-ga-hi-tha, flow of water; a tor-
rent; a current; the flow of a
stream.

ni-u’ ga-xthi i-ha tse, known to the
Osage Indians as the mouth of an
island: a peninsula.

ni-u-gi’-pi, full of water, said of a
juicy fruit.

ko»’-dse ni u-gi’-pi, the plum is full
of juice.

niu’-gthu-¢e, to sigh; to breathe deep.

niu’-a-gthu-ge, I sigh.
niu’-tha-gthu-ge, you sigh.
niu’-i-xa-xa, rushing waters; rapids.
ni-u’ki-gtha-ts’in—ni, water; ki,
one’s self; u-gtha-ts’i", from u-ga’-
ts’i7, to peep or peer into: to-peer-
at-one’s-self-in-the-water—a mir-
ror.

Ni-u’-ki-thi-zho"-ka tse, The Forks,
the confluence of the Osage and
the Little Osage Rivers.

Ni’-u-ko®-gka (Wa-zha-zhe), the an-
cient name of the Wa-zha’-zhe and
signifies they of the mid-waters.
Wa-tse’-tsi, also of the Wa-zha’-zhe,
signifies they who came from the
stars; both belong to the same
gens. This information was given
by Wa-tse’-mo2-i2.

niu’-mo®-thi", walking in the water.

niu’-mo®-bthi", I am walking in the
water.

niu’-mo®-ni, you are walking in the
water.

niu’-o®-mo®-thi" i, we are walking
in the water.

LA FLESCHE]

ni u’-ta thi®, shall become exhausted.
(From a ritual.)
ni-u’-tha-thu-zhe, to gargle.
ni-u’-btha-thu-zhe, I gargled.
ni-u’-shta-thu-zhe, you gargled.
ni-o®-gu’-tha-thu-zha i, we gargled.
ni-u’-thi-bthi, an eddy; the whirling
motion of water; the vortex.
ni-u-thi’-xa-xa, the shallows of a

river where the water rushes
noisily over the rocks.
ni-u’-tho®-da, an island. (Compare

ni-ba’-ce.)
niu’-thu-btha-ge, placid water.
ni-u’-thu-ga, the channel.
ni u’-thu-ga-to"—ni, water; u-thu-

ga-to®, with which to dip: a
dipper.

ni’-u-thu-zhu, a pitcher; glass water
pitcher.

Ni-u to"-ga, Big water, the Osage
name for the Mississippi River.

ni’-u-tsi, juicy.

Ni-u’-tsi-gthe, Rumbling-in-the-dis-
tance. Personalname. Refers to
the low rumbling of thunder in an
approaching storm.

Ni’-u-zhu, Main River; Neosho River.

ni’-wa-ga-xe, the name of the ‘officer
who has the authority to decide as
to whether a captive shall live or

not.
Ni’-wa-the, Giver-of-life. Personal
name. Refers to the authority of

those who permit a captive to live.
ni’-wa-tse, it is cold.

ni-wa-tse i-gi-ha, cold; rigors of the
winter weather; severity of the
weather.

ni’ we-k’u-tse, a quart, liquid measure.

ni’-xe, waterfalls.

Ni‘-xe, Water Falls, a tributary to
Cowskin Creek. (Shoemaker’s
MS. calls it Falls Hord Mill.)

ni’-xe-be, shallow water.

Ni’-xe ga-xa, Falls Creek, near Caney,
what is now known as Elgin, Kans.
Also Gthe-do®-wi" zhi®-ga u-cu, a
grove where Gthe-do®-wi" zhi®-ga
(Little Hawk Woman) camped.
This was the fourth camping place
in the second buffalo trail.

ni-xo’-dse, ashes.

ni-xo’-dse we-u-zhi, flask; powder
flask.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

is

ni-xthu’-zhi, placid;
peaceful.

ni-xu’-dse, external opening of the ear.

ni-zhiu’, rain.

ni-zhiu’ba i-da-be, rain and snow
mixed; sleet.

quiet water;

Ni-zhiu’-ca-ge, Violent-rain. Per-
sonal name.
ni-zhiu’-gi-k’o", sunshine after a

shower.

Ni - zhiu’ - mo" - i", Traveling - rain.
Personal name.

Ni-zhiu’-to"-ga,
name.

ni-zhiu wa’-gthi® bi a-tho, it is
raining very hard.

ni-zhiu’ wa-tho®, Rain Songs. There
are four songs in this group; the
first two are identical and refer to
the mystery of the clouds as they
rise from the horizon; in the third
song the beauty of the clouds is
referred to as they vary in color;
and the fourth song expresses awe
in the mind of the warrior as the
colors change into angry turmoil
and sweep through thesky. These
songs are a version of the Tsi’-zhu
Wa-shta-ge gens.

ni-zhiu’ xo-dse, gray rain; drizzle.

ni-zhu’ a-ka thi-shto"® a-ka o, the
rain has stopped.

Ni zho’-i-ga-tha, name of the gens fn
the Wa-zha’-zhe division in whose
keeping is the Wi-gi-e of the Water
of Life.

ni-zhu’-a-xa-ge, toad—ni-zhu, rain;
a-xa-ge, cries for rain.

Ni-zhu’-dse, Red River; the Arkansas
River. The site of the eighth
camp of the first trail near a creek
called Mi-kshe-cka.

Ni’ zhu-dse btha-tha, Wide River;
Canadian River, Okla.

ni’-zhu-dse ko®-dse, the sand plum.

Ni zhu’-dse i-ta-ta, beyond the
Arkansas River.

Ni’ zhu-dse To®-ga, Big Red River.
This is the name given to the
Arkansas River by the Osage.

ni-zhiu’ xu-ta, a gray, fine, misty
rain.

ni-zhiu’ zhi®-ga,
shower.

Big-rain. Personal

a small rain; a

112

Ni zhu’-dse zhi*-ga, Little Arkansas
River. This was the ninth camp
of both the first and second buffalo
trail.

ni-zhu’-ha, hair of the head.
pa-xi".)

no®*, does.

no?, lo!

no’, an adult.

ni-ka-shi-ga thit-ke no® hi-a-ho®,
the person has grown to be an
adult.

no®, usually; customarily.

pa’-ce hi-ki o"-ga-gthe no" i ha, we
usually go home in the evening.
no®, look you.

no®, the.

no®, to grow; to age; to mature.

she’-mi zhi -ga to® no® a-ho®, the
girl has grown up.

a-no™ a-tha, I have grown to ma-
turity.

tha-no” a-tha, you have grown to
maturity.

o*-no" bi a tha i, we have grown to
maturity.

no*-a’'-ki-gtha-sho*, to upset with
the foot.

ka’-zhi®-ga a-ka ne-xe ni-u-zhi te
no®-a’-ki-gtha-sho" i ha, little
brother has upset the bucket of
water.

a-no”’-a-ki-gtha-sho", I upset it with
my foot.

tha-no” -a-ki-gtha-sho", you upset it
with your foot.

o"-no”’-a-ki-gtha-sho® i, we upset it
with our feet.

no®-a’-pe, [ am afraid.

sho®-ge to® no"-a-pe ha, I am afraid
of the dog.

no®-a’-p’i., I wear it around my neck.

no®-a'-p’i2 ta mi®-ke ha, I wear this
(necklace) around my neck.
no"-tha’-p’i2 ta-te ha, you wear the
(necklace) around your neck.
no®-ba’-da—no®-ba, two; da, born—
born two: twins.

No®-ba’-mo*-thit, Two-walking.
Personal name. Refers to two
buffalo walking side by side.

no®-ba’-xe, to break a cord with the
feet; the breaking of a moccasin
string.

(See

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

i
[BULL. 109 —

no"®-ba’-xe—continued.
ho®-be’-ko" a-no®-ba’-xe, I broke my
moccasin string.
ho®-be’-ko2 tha-no®-ba/’-xe, you broke
your moccasin string.
ho®-be’-ko® 0®-no®-ba’-xa i, we broke
our moccasin strings.

no"-be’, the hand.

no” -be ba-ha, showing the hand, as
when taking an oath.

No*-be-ci, Yellow-hands. Personal
name. Refers to the yellow feet
of the eagle.

no"-be’ hi wi-ta no"-be hi tha bi
tho® shki, and when they make
my hands to be their hands. An
expression frequently used by the
Osage in rituals.

no” -be i-sdo-ge tse, the right hand.

no”-be tha-ta tse, the left hand.

no®-be’ thi-cki-ge, hand folded; the
fist.
no®-be’ thi-cki-ge i-tha’-tsin ha, I
struck him with the fist.
no®-be’ thi-cki-ge i’-tha-tsis ha, you
struck him with the fist.
no"-be’-u-thi-xtha—no"-be,
u-thi-xtha, to thrust
thrust-finger-into: a ring.

no®-be’ u-tho"-da—no"-be, hand; u’-
tho"-da, center: the center of the
hand; the palm of the hand.

no"-be u-zhi™-ga, the little finger.

No"-be’-wa-ko"-da, Mysterious-hand.
Mythical personal name.

no” -be zha-ta, cloven hand.
the Crawfish ritual.)

no"-btha’-ce, to tear one’s trousers
by kicking.
a-no”-btha-ce, I tore my trousers.
tha-no®-btha-¢e, you tore your trou-
sers.

no"-btha’-gka, to flatten out by tread-
ing upon.

a-no”™ -btha-cka,
treading on it.

tha-no™’-btha-cka, you flattened it
by treading on it.

no” -bthe, to eat; to consume.

a-wa-no”™ -bthe, I eat.

wa-tha-no”’-bthe, you eat.

o0"-wo"-no®-btha i, we eat.
no”-bthe tha-gthi", edible.

finger;
into—to-

(From

I flattened it by

LA FLESCH]

no®*-bthi’-zhe, to kick one over on the
ground.
a-no”’-bthi-zhe, I kicked him over.
tha-no*’-bthi-zhe, you kicked him
over.
no”-cga, intrenchment. There is a
place near Arkansas City which
the Osage call Tse-no®-¢a_ kchi-
xa-bi, The Buffalo Intrenchment.
The Osage thought they were
being attacked by some hostile
warriors and hastily built the
intrenchment, but soon found that
it was a stampeding herd of
buffalo that was rushing madly
toward them. This was long be-
fore there were any white people
in the country.
no"-ca’-da, to stretch anything with
the foot, as one stretches a tight
pair of moccasins.
a-no”’-ca-da, I stretched it with my
foot.
tha-no*”’-ga-da, you stretched it with
your foot.
o"-no»®’-ga-da i, we stretched it with
the foot.
ho®-be’ a-gi-no"-ca-da, I stretch my
moccasins by wearing them.
ho®-be’ tha-gi-no®-ga-da, you stretch
your moccasins by wearing them.
no*-ca-thu, to jingle, as bells.
no*-ga’-thu, the rattling of the grass
by the feet of the traveler.
no*-ce’, to eut, as grass, very short;
to mow.
a-no™’-ge, I cut the grass short.
tha-no’-ge, you cut the grass short.
o"-no®’-cga i, we cut the grass short.
no®-chi’-ge, rustling sound, as of
leaves when walking through them.
no®-ci' -ge, lifting or kicking aside with
the foot.
no*-gi'-hi, to scrape the foot clean
before entering a house.
a-no”’-ci-hi, I scraped my feet clean.

tha-no*’-ci-hi, you scrape your feet
clean.

o®-no’-ci-hi i, we scrape our feet
clean.

no®-ci’-o*, to skate.
no®-ci’-o" mo®, I skated.
no®-ci’-o® zho®, you skate.
no®-ci’-o# o* i, we skate.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

113

no” -cgo"-de, to dodge; to get out of
the way of some object.
a-no”’-co"-de, I dodged.
tha-no’-go"-de, you dodged.
o"-no*’-co®-da i, we dodged.
no” -cpo2, to nudge with the foot to
attract attention.
a-no”’-gpo", I nudged with my foot.
tha-no™-¢po", you nudged with your
foot.
o®-no™-cpo® i, we nudged with our
feet.
no*-¢ta’-ge, trample down; crush the
grass.
a‘-no®-cta-ge, [ trampled it down.
tha’-no®-cta-ge, you trampled it
down.
o™-no®-¢ta-ga
down.
no®-cu-e, sound made by footsteps,
as when going through the grass,
either by men or horses.
no"-cu’-ge, tramped to the earth, so
that the object pointed in the
direction where the trail led.
no"-da’-ts’e-ga, to cause green corn
or other vegetables to wither by
walking upon them.
no®-da’-zhi, to stamp out a fire.
a-no”’-da-zhi, I stamped out the fire.
tha-no’-da-zhi, you stamped out the
fire.
o*-no’-da-zhi i, we stamped ouit the
sy fire.
no"-do’-ka, to get moccasins wet by
wearing them in the rain.
a-no”’-do-ka, I got my moccasins wet
tha-no™-do-ka, you got your moc-
casins wet.
no” -dse, the heart.
no” -dse, the back of the house; the
walls or sides.
no’ -dse a-shka, heart quickly moved;
quick to anger; a quarrelsome dis-
position.
no’ -dse-ko", a vein passing through
the heart.
no*’-dse u-thi-go"-ha, a shock to the
heart; a scare; a fright: heart
palpitates quickly.
no®-dse’-u-thi-xi*, that which covers
the heart; heart sac: the pericar-
dium,

i, we trampled it

114

No” -dse-wa-c¢pe, Quiet Hearts. The
name of a group of Osage who
became attached to a certain
locality which they would never
leave, but always remained there,
being contented.

No”-dse-wa-¢pe, Heart’s contented.
The name of the village from which
the second buffalo trail started.

no”-ge, to run; the running of a
4-legged animal; to gallop.

a-no”’-ge, I galloped.
tha-no’-ge, you galloped.
o*-no”’-ga i, we galloped.
no”-ha, the bark of a tree.
zho»’-ha.)

no” -ha—no?, archaic word for wood;

ha, skin or bark: board.
no*’-ha kshe bthe’-ka, the board is
thin.

no” -ha-a-no"-ku-ge, a floor board or
plank.

no”-ha btha-¢ka zhi®-ga, small flat
boards; shingles.

no”-ha btha-cka, a board; a plank.

no*-ha btha-cka a-a-pshe, I walked
the plank.

no”-ha btha-gka a-tha-sphe,
walked the plank.

no”-ha btha-k’a. (See no*’-ha.)

no”-ha bthi-xthu-dse, I pulled the
bark off.

no” -ha-ga shto-e, stripping a tree of
its bark.

no®-ha’ i-tsi, a bark lodge.

no”-ha ke u-pa stse-ge, I split the
board.

no”-ha kshe bthe’-ka, the board is
thin.

noha stsi-xthu-dse, you pulled the
bark off.

no” -ha-tsi—no"-ha, bark; tsi, house:
a frame house.

no”-ha tsi i-ga-xe—no”’-ha, bark;
tsi, house; i, with which to; ga-xe,
make — with-which-to-make-bark-
house: lumber.

no*’-ha tsi i-ga-xe u-thi’-to®-tha u-gi’-
pi wi" bthi-wit ha, I bought a
wagonload of lumber.
no*-hi’, senility.

no®-hi’, reaches mature age.

no"-hi’-zhi, immature; not
grown.

(See

you

fully

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

no”’-ho®, older person.

no” -ho®-zhi®-ga, old men. The title
of a man who has been initiated
into the mysteries of the tribal
rites.

no®-ho”-zhi*-ga wa-thi" tsi, The
House of the no*-ho*-zhin-ga, keep-
er. From the earliest time there
was among the Osage a ‘‘House”’
or place of gathering called by this
name. Here it was that the
No®-ho”-zhi2-ga met every morn-
ing, sometimes officially but more
often in an informal manner. At
the informal gatherings the con-
versations turned to matters of
importance to the tribe, especially
those that might become a menace
to the tribe. Some means would
be brought about to overcome
these evils. Those acts that
tended to promote a friendly feel-
ing or kindliness toward the people
found hearty expression of ap-
proval in this sacred “house.”
Often the ‘‘house” selected was
one whose owner was known by
his valor, generosity, and hos-
pitality and who had won the
esteem of all the people. The
keeper of this house where the
No®-ho”’-zhi2-ga made their home
was known as No®-ho’-zhi®-ga
wa-thi® tsi.

no® i®-da, it is my habit.
ritual.)

no™-ka, the back; the part of the
body from the shoulders to the
hips.

No” -ka-a-ba-zha-ta, Straddles-the-
back. Personal name. Refers to
the packing of the buffalo meat on
the backs of the horses after a
hunt.

No*-ka-cka, White-back. Female
personal name. Refers to the
whitish color of the deer at certain
seasons.

No” -ka-dsi-wi", Woman-of-the-spine.
Female personal name.

no"-ka-gthe,asaddle. The horse and
saddle were not known to the
Osage until contact with Euro-
peans.

(From a

LA FLESCHE]

no” -ka-gthe ga-xe—no"-ka-gthe, a | No"-ni’

saddle; ga-xe, to make, or the art
of making: a saddler; one skilled
in making saddles.
no” -ka-gthe-pa, saddle head;
pommel.
no” -ka-ko, tenderloin.
no” -ka o"-he, length of the back or
spine.
no -ka-she, you who are sitting there.
No -ka-to-ho, Blue-black. Person-
al name. Refers to the raccoon
skin used in ceremonies.
no"-ko’-ge, a thud, as of stamping the
foot.
no®-k’o”, to hear.
a-no™’-k’o2, I hear.
tha-no™-k’o", you hear.
o®-no”-ko® i, we hear.
no"-k’o™ wa-kshi-the, to give notice
to the people.
no”’-k’o2 a-wa-kshi-the, I gave notice.
no”’-k’o" wa-tha-kshi-the, you gave
notice.
no*®-kshi*’-dse, barely missing an
object in kicking at it.
a-no™-kshi2-dse, I barely missed
kicking it.
tha-no™-kshi®-dse, you barely missed
kicking it.
o-no”’-kshi®-dsa i, we barely missed

the

kicking it.
no®-k’u’, to dig the earth with the
foot.

a-no®-k’u, I dig with my foot.
tha-no’-k’u, you dig with your foot.
o2-no”’-k’u i, we dig with our feet.
no”-ku-wi", the two; both.
no” -ku-wi"-xe, to cause an object to
turn by touching it with the foot.
a-no”’-ku-wi®-xe, I caused it to turn
by touching it with my foot.
tha-no™”-ku-wi®-xe, you caused it to
turn.
o®-no’-ku-wi®-xa i, we caused it to
turn.
zho®ke a-no®-ku-wi®-xe, I turned the
log with my foot.
zho®ke tha-no®’-ku-wi®-xe,
turned the log with your foot.
No -mi-tse-xi, Beloved-children-of-
the-sun. Female personal name.

you

OSAGE DICTIONARY

115

A-tha-sho-dse Wi'-gi-e,
Smoking Tobacco upon the Ani-
mal Skins ritual. In this cere-
mony there are two rituals; the
first is called Wa-k’o*-ci Thu-ce
Pe-tho-ba tse, The taking of the
Seven Animals. In this ritual a
description is given of the manner
in which the smoke is blown on the
skin of the animal chosen as a
symbol; the second ritual is called
Wa-k’o"-ci Thu-ce Sha-pe tse,
The taking of the Six Animals.
In this mention is made of the
symbols to be used, but two of the
six are not animals as the name
implies, one being the little pipe
and the other buffalo hair.

no"-ni’ a-tha-shu-dse wi-gi-e, Ritu-
al of the Four Symbolic Animals.
In this ritual the people speak
among themselves asking questions
that are answered by the four
symbolic animals, being personi-
fied. These are held sacred by
certain gentes; therefore the ani-
mals may be said to preside over
and to lend courage and strength
to the warriors.

no®-ni’-ba-tse, mistletoe (Viscum al-
bum). When tobacco is scarce the
mistletoe is substituted.

no®-ni’-hi, tobacco; white man’s to-
bacco; trade tobacco.

no"-ni-hi, archaic Osage name for
plants used for smoking. The
story of the discovery of the plant
used for ceremonial smoking is
given in the ritual of the making
of the rush shrine for the sacred
hawk, the emblem of the courage
of the warriors. When the first
shrine was being made, the priests
sent their ceremonial messenger to
find a plant that would be suitable
for use in smoking at the ceremony
of consecrating the finished shrine
and the hawk. The messenger
first returned with the hiu’-e-ga-
ckiu-e (plant not identified), which
was rejected. Next he brought
in the zha’-hiu (Rudibeckia sub-

116

no®-ni’-hi—continued.
tomentosa), which was also re-
jected. Then he brought in a
plant (not identified) the leaves of
which resembled elk’s ears; this
was also rejected. Then he
brought in the mi-to-o-xthe hi
(compass weed), which was re-
jected. Then he brought in the
mo®*-bi-dse zhi®-ga, sumac (Rhus
glabra); but although it could be
smoked, it was rejected. The
messenger then brought in the
seventh plant, the mo*-bi-dse hi
stse-dse, the tall sumac. The
leaves were tried by the priests,
who found it to be pleasant to the
taste. They accepted the plant
and dedicated it to the people of
the Tsi’-zhu, Ho*’-ga, and Wa-
zha‘-zhe tribal divisions for use in
their ceremonies and _ supplica-
tions. The name no?-ni’-hi was
not used in the body of the ritual,
but was used as a part of the title
in the No*-ni’-hiu wi’-gi-e, the
Smoking ritual.

no*-ni’-hi we-thi-wi", a tobacconist;
one who deals in tobacco.

no*-ni’-ni-tha, treading upon softly,
stealthily.

No*-ni’-o"-ba, Pipe of Peace. This is
used as a symbol of the Tsi’-zhu
Wa-shta-ge gens.

Of a little pipe (Peace Pips) I have made my
symbol.

When the little ones also

Make of it their symbols,

They shall live without anger or violence as they
travel the path of life.

When they use the pipe in seeking earthly riches

They shall enable themselves to find riches in
abundance.

no” -ni-o"-ba, a pipe.

no"-ni'-o"-ba-zhi"-ga, a little sacred
pipe, a symbol of the Wa-zha’-zhe
gens.

no"-ni’-o*-ba zhu-dse, red pipe; pipe
made of catlinite, a red clay.

no"-nu’-ba wa-ko"-da-gi, a sacred
pipe (mysterious).

no*-nu’-zhi-ha, a tobacco pouch.

no™-pa’-ho", made it to rise by
treading upon it.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

no” -pa-zhi, not afraid; not afraid to

face danger.
no®-a’-pa-mo®-zhi, [ am not afraid.
no®-tha’-pa-zhi, you are not afraid.
no” -0°-pa-ba-zhi i, we are not, afraid.

no”’-pe, to fear; to dread; to have a
horror; to be afraid; to be timid.

no”’-a-pe, I am timid.
no®’-tha-pe, you are timid.
no®-o"-pa i, we are timid.

no”’-pe e-wa-the, hideous.

no”-pe’-hi, to be hungry.

no”’-pe-o®-hi, I am hungry.
no™-pe-the-hi, you are hungry.
no”’-pe-a-wa-hi i, we are hungry.
no"-pe’-hi-ts’e, to be famished; to
suffer for want of food; to starve.
no®-pe’-hi a-ts’e, I am famished.
no®-pe’-hi tha-ts’e, you are famished.
no®-pe’-hi o®-ts’a i, we are famished.
no” -pe thi®-ge, fearless.
no”’-pe o®-thi2-ge, I am fearless.
no™-pe thi-thi"-ge, you are fearless.
no”™-pe-wa-the, dangerous; formida-
ble; hideous; horrible; terrible;
frightful; dreadful.

No” -pe-wa-the, Fear-inspiring. Per-
sonal name.

no” -p’i", to wear around the neck, asa
necklace.

no” -p’it kshi-the, to cause one to
wear something around the neck.

wa-k’u the wa’-no-p’i2 to® a-kshi-
the ha, I caused the woman to
wear a necklace.

No*-po-e, Flames-at-every-step. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the white
spot on the throat of the black
bear, a symbol of fire.

no” -po"-da, the meaning of this word
is lost, but is used when speaking
of the Deer people, who belong to
the Water division.

no®-pu’-gthe, soft to the tread.

no*-pu’-ki, the thud of many feet.
no*-sha’-tha-ge, to tread down and
crush with the foot.
no*-sha’-thu, small bells tied to cloth-
ing which rattle when dancing.
no®-sho™, to dislocate a joint in the
leg or arm.
ci’ a-no®-sho2, I dislocated my foot.
gi’-tha-no®-sho®, you disloeated your
foot.

LA FLESCHE]

no®-shpe’, to have flesh torn from the
leg by the kick of a mule.
no®-shto”, to stop, as when walking
or running one will halt.
a-no™-shto2, I stop.
tha-no*’-shto", you stop.
o®-no*’-shto® i, we stop.
no®-ta’, the lobe of the ear.
no®-ta’, ears, term used in rituals.
no®-ta’-ba-xthu-ge, perforations in
the ear lobe for earrings.
No®-ta’-cka, White-ears. Female per-
sonal name. Refers to the white
hair on the ears of the deer.
no®-ta i’-ta-xe, the tip of the ear.
no#®-ta’-pa-ci, the outer bend of the
ear; the lobe.
no®-ta’-to" a ho-to*, the bray of a
mule.
no"-ta’ to"-ga—no"-ta’, ears; to™-ga,
big: a mule.
no2-ta’-xtho-ge, a perforation of the
outer ear for earrings.
non-ta’ wi-ta pa-xtho-ge, I perfo-
rated my ears.
no®-the, placed on the ground. Used
in a ritual.
no” -thi®, to fail to understand; to mis-
understand; to be in a quandary;
a perplexity.
i>-da’-do" e’-wa-tha-ke tse a-no™-
bthi= ha, I do not understand what
you mean.
a’-no®-bthi®, I fail to understand.
tha-no®’-ni, you fail to understand.
o®-no”’-thi" i, we fail to understand.
no® thi’-shto", mature; maturity.
no®-thu’-to", to straighten with the
foot.
a-no™-thu-to", I straightened it with
my foot.
tha-no»’-thu-to", you straightened it
with your foot.
no*-to”’, to feel one’s way in the water
with the foot.
a-no»*’-to®, I felt my way in the water.
tha-no*’-to", you felt your way in
the water.
o®-no™-to" i, we felt our way in the
water.
no®-ts’a-ge, failure to accomplish an
act with the foot.
a-no”’-ts’a-ge, I failed to do it with
my foot.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

117

no®-ts’a-ge—continued.
tha-no”’-ts’a-ge, you failed to do it
with your foot.
o*-no"’-ts’a-ga i, we failed to do it
with our feet.
no"-tsi’-de, the thud of feet, as when
men or women dance and run.
non*®wa’-gthi", superannuate;
old age.
no” -wo"-ci, jealousy by a woman.
a-no”’-wo®-ci he, I am jealous.
tha-no®’-wo"-ci he, you are jealous.
no®-xa’-ge, to make one cry out by
kicking him.
a-no®’-xa-ge, I made him cry out by
kicking him.
tha-no™-xa-ge, you made him cry
out by kicking him.
o¥-no"’-xa-ga i, we made him cry out
by kicking him.
no” -xa7hi (Om. same), spine; back-
bone.
no”’-xa-hi ni-e, backache.
no” -xa-hi u-ki-tse, a joint of the
spine.
no” -xe, spirit; sanity.
no” -xe, ice.
no”-xe a-ka da’-cko® bi a, the ice
has melted.
no’ -xe a-da, iciness; icy.
no” -xe-cka, staid; dignified; spirit;
white; clearness of mind; return to
consciousness; sane; sober.
no’-xe-o2-¢ka, I am sober.
no”’-xe thi ¢ka, you are sober.
no»’-xe ¢ka bi a, he is sober.
no’-xe gka zhi, to become dizzy.
no»’-xe 0®-cka mo® zhi, | am dizzy.
no’-xe thi-cka zhi ha, you are dizzy.
no” -xe ga-ci, surprise; wary.
no” -xe u-ba-do"-the, icicle.
no” -xe u-zhi, ice chest; refrigerator.
no®-xi’, to awaken a sleeping person by
walking heavily or by dancing
around him.
a-no”’-xi, I awoke him by heavy
walking.
tha-no”’-xi, you awoke him by heavy
walking.
no2-xo”’, to hurt one’s self by breaking
a board in a floor by heavy walking
or jumping.
a-no»’-xo®, I hurt myself by breaking
the board in the floor.

very

118

no®-xo®’—continued.
tha-no®’-xo®, you hurt yourself by
breaking the board in the floor.
o»-no®’-xo® i, we hurt ourselves by
breaking the board in the floor.
no”’-xpe, a stick used as a poker.
no” -xpe-hi, that part of the leg
between the knee and the ankle:
the shin.
no®’-xpe-hi ke ni-e a-ki-pa-xe ha, I
hurt my shin.
no*-xthe’, charcoal. (From a ritual.)
no®-xthe’ ca-gi—no”-xthe, coal; ¢a-gi,
hard—hard coal: anthracite coal.
no®-xthe’ i-ki"-dse, fighting for char-
coal or fire.
no®-xthe’ i-ki>-dse wa-tho®, Songs
of the fight for the symbolic char-
coal. ‘These songs belong to the
great T'si’-zhu division of the tribe
and form a part of the ritual which
starts with the reciting of a wi-gi-e
very elaborate in ceremonial form.
The theme of this ritual is the cour-
age of the three animals designated
by the Ancient Men, together with
certain qualities of a given bird.
They were used to typify the
angry fire that destroys all things
that happen to be in its pathway.
The group of Wa-tho" Sha-pe Tse,
six songs, follow the - ritualistic
ceremony; the first refers to the
calling of all the men to assemble
for the ceremony pertaining to the
Wa-sha’-be A-thi2; the second
refers to the prompt response of the
men as individuals who are called
to offer their services as warriors;
the third refers to the part to be
taken by the men of the gentes hav-
ing office of making the standards
to be carried; the fourth is de-
scriptive of the cries of the warriors
who, at break of day, almost nude,
plunge into the two great sacred
fires and fight with each other
for the burning brands from which
to obtain the symbolic charcoal;
the fifth has a theme of unity of
the two fires; which, built opposite
each other, are regarded as one;
this represents the unity of the
tribe; the sixth and last of these

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

{BULL. 109

no"-xthe’ i-ki"-dse wa-tho"—con.
songs directs the attention of the
initiate to the four symbols, the —
deerskin, two standards, and the
day; this song is sung twice.
no"-xthe’ i-ki"-dse wa-tho", Songs.
of the fight for the charcoal. In
connection with this song there is
a wi-gi-e, entitled ““The Rush for
the Charcoal’’; this directs the
attention to three animals and two
birds chosen by the Ancient Men
to be used in the war rites as
symbols of fire and charcoal. The
song refers to the warriors and to
the gentes officiating throughout
the ceremony.
no®-xthe’ i-thi-ge—no*-xthe, coal; i,
with which; thi-ge, to take—with-
which-to-take-coal: a fire shovel.
no"-xthe’ i-thi-ge to®-ga—no*-xthe,
coals; i, with which to; thi-ge,
take; to®-ga, large—with-which-to-
take-large-coals: scoop shovel.
no®-xthe’ i-thu-ge, coal shovel.
No®-xthe’ k’a bi, Where coal was dug.
no®-xthe’ wa-ko®-da-gi, mysterious
charcoal. Ceremonially made,
this symbolizes the wild fire that
is merciless when it takes a de-
structive course. Each warrior
must carry with him a supply of
charcoal tied up in a bit of deer-
skin and fastened to his belt or to
his necklace, together with his
other bundles of paints. When
he is about to join in an attack
upon the enemy he must blacken
his face with the mysterious char-
coal, thus indicating his determina-
tion to show no mercy toward the
foe. Should he neglect to put on
his face this symbol he will not
be permitted to count his o-do”’
(war honors) even if he were to
perform all the deeds necessary
for the winning of individual
o-do™, nor will he be permitted
to count his share of the o-do™
won by the war party as a body.
no"-xthe’ sha-e, black coal. This
name is applied to a certain kind
of grasshopper which figures in the
mythical tales.

LA FLESCHE]

no*-xthe’ wa-tse, charcoal victory.
no*®-xtho”-ha, privacy; retirement;
secrecy; underhand; to have a
private consultation.
no®-xtho®’-ha u-wa-ki-e ko®-btha ha,
I want a private consultation with

him.

no®-xtho”-ha u-wa-ki-e, I am under-
handed.

no®-xtho™-ha u-tha-ki-e, you are
underhanded.

no®-xtho”-ha a-do"-be, espionage.

no®-xtho”’-ha ga-xe, surreptitious.

no®-xtho”-ha u-thi"-ge, a detective.

no"-xtho” -ha wa-no®-k’o®, an eaves-
dropper.

no-xtho”™ i-no*-the, to hide a thing
behind a screen; to secrete.

no®-xtho™ i-no®-a-the, I secreted it.

no®-xtho” j-no®-tha-the, you _ se-
creted it.
no®-xtho” i-no®-o"-tha i, we se-

creted it.

No®-xtho”-zhe, Tramples-the-grass.
Personal name. Refers to the dis-
covery of tracks of buffalo by an
official runner.

no®-xu’-dse, the internal ear; that
which holds the hearing orifice.

no*-xu’-dse ba shko®, to dig the ears.

no®-xu’-dse ni-e, earache.

No®*-xu’-dse-thi*-ge, No-ears.
sonal name.

no®-xu’-dse thi®-ge, same as da’-e
tha-gthi® a-zhi.

no*-xu’-dse-u-thi-po-ki, ear pop;
oak gall. Children gather the oak
gall and pop them in each other’s
ears; hence the name.

no"-xu’-dse xe-ga—no"-xu-dse, ears;
xe-ga, that which is dead: deafness.
no®-xu’-dse o®-xe-ga, I am deaf.
no®-xu’-dse thi-xe-ga, you are deaf.
no®-xu’-dse xtho-ge—no"-xu-dse, ear;
xtho-ge, opening or passage: ear
opening or passage.

no*-xu’ tse ni-e, earache.

no*-zhi", stood. (From a ritual.)

no®-zhi®*, to rise or stand.

a-no’-zhi®, I rise.
tha’-no®-zhi", you rise.
o*®-no”-zhi" i, we rise.

no” -zhi®-da, they shall stand. (From
a ritual.)

Per-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

119

no2-zhi" i* da, shall stand.

no®~zhi® o-u, get up; arise!

No®-zhi™-tsi-e, Rises-suddenly. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the alert-
ness of the buffalo.

No»-zhi™-wa-the, Causes-them-to-
stand. Personal name.

no®-zhi” wa-tho", the rising song.
This song refers to the rising of
the Xo-ka after the symbolic moc-
casins have been placed on his
feet.

no” -zhi®-zhi", repeatedly to stand.
(From a ritual.)

No” -zhi*-zho"® wa-tho®*, songs of the
Rite of Vigil. These songs are
the version of the Tsi’-zhu gens,
there being four in this group; the
first expresses the wailing of the
supplicant, who by tears and bodily
suffering seeks to arouse the com-
passion and help of Wa’-ko-da;
the second relates the manner in
which the supplicant puts upon
himself the sign of Fasting; the
third relates the greeting of the
ancient men by the gens giving
the ceremony; and the fourth
signifies the sacred duty of the
chosen man who is to continue his
wailing and fasting for the full
period.

no” -zhi*-zho" wa-tho®, songs of the
Rite of Vigil. ‘The name of the
fourth degree of the Tribal rites
as observed by the Tho’-xe or
Buffalo gens. This degree is held
as next in importance to the Ni’-
ki-e, because it contains nearly all
the symbols and ceremonial forms
essential to the other degrees.
These songs follow the Spirit
songs. The man chosen for this
must keep awake as he offers
prayers and his mind must be
fixed only upon the supplications
of the people. To insure wake-
fulness the supplicant must stand
or must move about, or if from
exhaustion he desires rest he may
sit in an upright position. ‘There
are two songs, the first having
seven stanzas and the second five.

120

no”-zhi*-zho", the Rite of Vigil.
Among the Osage this is considered
one of the longest and next in
importance of the seven degrees;
it contains practically all the
symbols and ceremonial forms
(we’-ga-xe), which places it in a
higher rank than other degrees.
In connection with this Rite are
116 songs (wa-tho"); these, with

o, a masculine imperative sign.

o-ba’-da-zhe, a flute. The Osage
made their flutes out of the red
cedar and sumac; the wood is
split in two pieces and scooped
out and shaped, then glued to-
gether again with the gum from
the gum weed.

O-ba’-ho"-mo?-i",
Personal name.

o’-ba-ko", cause for offense; resent-
ment.

o-ba’-no"-the, a place of gathering;
station.

o’-ba-xo", a cut, as a cut of meat.

o’-be-hni, an omen; a foreboding.

o’-be-hni ge wi" ke a-zhi a bo, he

believes in omens.

o’-be-hni, the detection of a con-
templated crime; (2) a ghostly
appearance.

o-cdo’ a-zhi—o-cdo, in a row; a-zhi,
scattered upon: three spot in a
deck of cards.

o-cko™ cka-dsi ga-¢a-gi, striking any
one of the enemy approaching the
center of the camp. (One of the
o-do?.)

o-gu’, a lowland forest.

O-c¢u’ ga-xe, they-who-make-clear-the-
way. The name of a gens.

o-da’-pa, the third stomach of an ox.
This is used by the Indians for
food and is considered a delicious

Walking-within.

delicacy.
o-da’-p‘o"-the. (See p‘o"-tho”.)
O-do”, War Honors (Ceremonial).

Those warriors who have won
o-do™ in the war expeditions are
ceremonially painted by the officer
having charge of the painting of

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

no»’-zhi»-zho2—continued.
the Rite of Vigil, are used by the
Hon’-ga and Puma gentes.
no®-zhu’-we, to hull walnuts by
jumping on them.
a-no"-zhu-we, I hull walnuts by
jumping on them.
tha-no*’-zhu-we, you hull walnuts
by jumping on them.
nu-ka’-thi", nude; naked.

O-do»’—continued.
the sacred hawk at initiation
ceremonies. The gray paint de-
signs only are put on these men,
the red paint being omitted below
the mouth; also the round spot on
the forehead and the eagle down
on the crown of the head are
omitted.

o-do™, military honors.

o-ga’-e btha, to disperse.

o-ga’-gtho®-ge, abyss.

o’-ga-she, obstacles in the path of
life, such as disease and accidents
which interfere with the enjoyment
of life and health.

o’-ga-she thi®-ge, no interference in
the enjoyment of good health;
hale; hearty.

o-ga-to®-tha, sent rolling upon the
ground.

o-ga’-wi"-xe, soaring in circles.

o’-ga-xe thi"-ge—o’-ga-xe, value; thi-
ge, nothing—value-nothing: value-
less.

o-gtha’-ge, to tell
experience.

o-gtha’-ge, to start a prairie fire.

o’-gtho"-ge, a hat or a cap.
o-ho-ho, same as o-hu-hu.

O-ho™-bi, One-who-is-cooked. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the deer
for food.

o’-ho-shi-ge, sickly or fretful.

o’-ka-wa-the, weak; feeble; languid;
sickly.

o’-wo® ka-wa-the, I am sickly.
o’-thi ka-wa-the, you are sickly.
o’-ka-wa-the a-ka, the act of being
sickly; an invalid.
o-k’o’-he, dale; valley; ravine.

of one’s own

LA FLESCHE]

o’-k’o", habit; a tendency to follow
certain inclinations continuously.
o’-ko" a-zhi, tardy; slow in coming.
o’-ko® mo®-zhi i2 da, I was tardy.
o’-ko" ni a-zhi i" da, you are tardy.
o-ko™-gka, the middle part of the
house.

o’-ko®-di-the, great excitement; tu-
mult; violent commotion; panic.

o’-ko®-di-the gtho®-the a-zho®-a-gi-
the, I was in a great panic.

o’-ko"-di-the u-mo®-ni, you were in
a great panic.

o’-k’o" do"-~he—o-k’o", habit; do®-he
(see refinement).

o’ko"-dse tsi-gthe, to live by one’s
self; solitary; a hermit.

o’-ko™-dse tsi-a-gthe, I live alone.
o’-ko"-dse_ tsi-tha-gthe, you
alone.

o-ko-dsi, distinct. (See e’-zhi.)

o’-ko®-dsi, individual; one single per-
son.

O-ko” -dsi-wa-shko®,
himself. Personal name.
to help him fight.

o’k’o0" tha’-gthi™ bia, he has good
manners.

o’-k’o" wa-no"-tha zhi, perplexity;
bewilderment.

o’-kshe-to", profits earned; proceeds.

o-mi-ho", a ceremony by which a
widow marries the second time.
In this form of marriage the man
sends messages to the widow with
his offer of marriage, accompanied
by gifts consisting of horses and
blankets. While the offer of mar-
riage is made direct to the widow,
she, wishing to conform as nearly
as possible to the Mi’zhi= (which
see) form, refers the messenger and
gifts to her parents, if living, or to
her nearest relatives, in order that
they may decide for her. These
relatives consult on the proposal,
amd if they are satisfied with the
negotiations they convey to the
messenger their consent and by
him send for the man offering
himself in marriage. Arriving at
the house of the relatives of the
woman, he is given a seat beside

live

Struggles-by-
No one

OSAGE DICTIONARY

121

o-mi’-ho"—continued.
her, and the marriage is consum-
mated without further ceremony.
This form of marriage must be
observed by widowed or divorced
persons if they are to retain their
social position in the tribe and if
the man desires to keep in line to
win the title of Ni’-ka-do*-he,
provided he has not already
achieved it.

0", yes.

o*, hazelnut.

o®-ba’-ci, we drive away.

o”’-ba-ha, he showed (it) to me.

o™ba-hi bi a, I am elected.

o”-ba i'-gi-ha, diurnal; daily.

o” -ba-ko®, I am angry; I am piqued.

o"-ba tha’-gthi, the name given one
of the gods of the Tsi’-zhu gens,
meaning Peaceful Days.

O”-ba wa-ko"-da-gi, Sunday; Sab-
bath; Holy Day.
O”-ba wa-ko»-da-gi ki bthe ta mi®-
ke he, I go away on Sunday.
o”-ba wa-ko"-da-gi tho®-ba, once in
two weeks; a fortnight.

o”-be, the buttocks.

o”’-be, the tail of a bird.

o”-be gi-ga, the red-tailed hawk.

O”-be-gu-zhi"-ga, Small-hips. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the small-
ness Of the hips of the buffalo.

o”-be gthe-zhe, spotted tail feathers.

o”-be stse-dse zhi*-ga, a hawk
smaller than the fork-tailed hawk.

o”’-be ta-xe ¢ka, hawk with white tail
feathers.

o”-be zha-ta, fork-tailed hawk.

o’-bo-zha-ga, fly around me ‘in
forked lines. (From a ritual.)

o"-ga'-be, the blackening of myself.
(From a ritual.)

o°-do”-ba, behold me.

o"-ga’-dsu-xe, we sweep.

o”-ga-to", we who are here.

o"-ga’-xe, we shall make them to be.
(From a ritual.)

o®-gi’-tha, make me to be theirs.
(From a ritual.)

o2-gi’-the, make to be ours.

o2-gi-tha, we make to be ours.
o”’-gi-thi-ta, to cross or interrupt.

122

o”-g¢thi", we sat.
o*-gtho®, to revile; to call one names.
a-gtho", I reviled.
tha-gtho", you reviled.
0"-gu’-e, we.
o®-gu'ki-ki-e, we speak to one another.
o"-gu’-o"-ga-to", we who stand here.
o”-ha-go" mo®-zhi, nothing of im-
portance revealed itself to me.
o”-ho"-ba, brightened by the light;
(2) the light comes upon me.
o”-ka mo® zhi, I do not.
o™-ka zhi, no; not.
o®-k’i’, give me or give to me.
o”-ki-tha-zha-ta, parting to make
way for me.
o"-ki’-to", we will take his name.
o*-ki’-to", adopt for ourselves.
o°-ko”™ -tha i-thi-gtha bi a, he threat-
ened me.
o"-kshi’-the, we shall make it to be.
(From a ritual.)
o”-mo®, one of two things.
o”-mo”-a-ta, same as thi’-u-ba-he.
o*’-mo® e-shki, one or the other;
either one.
o”-mo® no” shki 0°-ka-zhi, no one or
the other; neither one.
o”-mo®” no® shki u-thi-go"-ha zhi,
not taking part on one side or the
other of a conflict; neutral.
o"-mo"-thi", as we travel the path
of life. (From a ritual.)
o"-ni’-mo", we swim.
o"-ni’-mo® ta bi, let us swim.
o"-no*-bthe gi-gu, to like the taste
of; to enjoy food.
o’-no®-bthe o®-cu, I enjoy food.
o’-no®-bthe thi-gu, you enjoy food.
o’-no"-bthe wa-cu i, we enjoy food.
o’-no"-xthi" the wa-ga-xe, to dis-
patch; to send them (messengers)
in a hurry.
o’-no®-xthi®
patched.
o’-no"-xthi" the wa-shka-xe, you dis-
patch.
o’-no"-xthi" the o"-wa-ga-xa i, we
dispatch.
o”’-o-xta, fond of; to like.
ni’-ka-shi-ga the 0®-0-xta, I am fond
of that man.
ni‘-ka-shi-ga the thi’-o-xta, you are
fond of that man.

the wa-pa-xe, I dis-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

o” pa-da i ha, I had a surgical opera-
tion.

o”’-ta-kshi", stumbled over me.

o”’-tha, to throw away; to dispense.

a-o’-btha, I throw away.

tha-o"-shta, you throw away.

o®-0*’-tha i, we throw away.
o”-tha-gthi", same as gi’-tha-gthi*.
o-tha’-ha, to follow.

o’-btha-ha, I follow.

o-sda’-ha, you follow.

o®-gu’-tha-ha, we follow.

o-tha’-ha, attached.

o”-tha i-the-the, to fling or to toss.

o”-btha the-a-the, I fling it.
o®-sda i-the-the-the, you fling it.
o*-0’-tha i-thi-o7-tha i, we fling it.

o"-the, they make of me. (From a
ritual.)

o®-thi’-a-xa, we uncover the blanket.

o°-thi-do, drawn over me. (From a
ritual.)

o"-thi’-to" i, we touched it with our
hands.

o”’-thi-xa i ha, they pursued me.

o"-tho”™-gi-ni-tha, seek protection in
me.

o"-tho”-gi-tha, they find me.

o"-wo"™-bi, I am bleeding.

o°-wo"-ga-¢’i", look in upon me
stealthily.

o"-wo"-ki-tha ta, (my shoe) is too
tight for my foot.

o”-wo"-no"-zhi ba-zhi®, no one shall
stand in my way nor intercept me.

o"-wo”™ sho-she, I am courageous; I
am dauntless; I do not fear.

o"-wo"-ta-thi", none equal to me.

o”-wo"-tha-shi shko®-sta a(P), do
you wish to secure my services?

o*-zhi™-ga xtsi do" wa-bthi-xe, I
married when I was a young wo-
man.

o-pa’-ge, in the evening of the day.

O-pa’-stse-dse, Long-body. Personal
name.

O’-po, Elk. The name of the Ho*-ga
gentes who adopted the Elk as
their Gentile name. It was the
Elk who made the earth habitable
to all animals.

o’-po" ha, elk skin.

o’-po" hi" e-go", dun colored, the
color of the elk.

LA FLESCHE]

o’-po" wa-tho®, Elk Songs. There are
six songs in this group from the
Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge version. In
the first, reference is made back
to the mystic story of the descent
of all forms of life from the sky
to the earth and implies an ex-
pectation of the subsidence of the
water and the earth to become
beautiful with verdure. In this
and the second song the Elk is
represented as speaking; the two
songs imply the same meaning;
the third has for its theme the
gift made by the Elk of the brow
tines of his antlers for ceremonial
use; in the fourth song reference
is made to the various symbolic
articles and ceremonial form given
by the Elk; the fifth song relates
to the man who has won all thir-
teen o’-do® (war honors); and the
sixth and last song expresses ap-
proval by the two great divisions
of the recount made by the war-
rior.
o-pshe’, a ford.
op’-she, that which is walked upon:
a bridge.
op’-she, passing from one group to
another.
o-pshi’, I have come to.
o’-shki-ga, dissipated; dissolute.
she ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ba o’-shki-ga bi a,
he is very dissipated.
o-shko” -bi-ge, frequented places.
o-sho’-de, smokelike appearance of
water when the soft mud at the
bottom is stirred.
o-tha’-ge, to tell, recite, relate, nar-
rate.
o-btha’-ge, I relate.
o’-shta-ge, you relate.
o-tha’-ge the-the, to proclaim.
o-btha’-ge the-a-the, I proclaim.
o-sta’-ge the-tha-the, you proclaim.
o®-gu’-tha-ge the-o®-tha i, we pro-
claim.
o’'tha-ge wa-gthe-ce—o-tha-ge, story
or news; wa, thing; gthe-ce, striped:
newspaper.
O’-tha-ha-mo?-i", The follower. Per-
sonal name.

67025—32— —9

OSAGE DICTIONARY

123

o-thi’-i-hni, that-which-is-used-to-
make-it-cool; an umbrella.
o-thi’ i-hni o®-wo" k’i a, lend me
your umbrella.
o-tho’-da, interest paid for the use of
money.
o-tho’-gi-no®-zhi®, trousers.
o-tho’-ha-ge, same as ha-shi.
o-tho’-ha-ge i-gthi-gtho", to re-

consider.

o-tho’-ha-ge_ i-tha’-gthi-gtho", I re-
considered.

o-tho’-ha-ge i’-tha-gthi-gtho", you
reconsidered.

o-tho’-ha-ge o®-tho.-gthi-gtho" 1,

we reconsidered.

o-tho”-da wa-tsi, The Dance in the
Center.- This is descriptive of the
position of the dancers and the
spectators. When the two divisions
meet at their starting point the
Xthe’-ts’a-ge dismount, and as
their horses are led away the offi-
cers take their seats on the ground
between the two ceremonial houses,
together with their volunteer war-
riors—those of the Tsi’-zhu in a
semicircle on their side and those of
the Ho*-ga sitting in a semicircle
on their side. After all have taken
their places, one of the chief
Xthe’-ts’a-ge rises and recounts
in an excited manner his winning
of a war honor; then the singers
strike up the first of the four songs
now to be sung, beating their
drums to accentuate the rhythm.
The two Xthe’-ts’a-ge, carrying
their respective standards, begin
to dance in a circle, followed by
others, the Tsi’-zhu taking the
outer circle and moving to the
right, the Ho»’-ga taking the inner
circle and moving to the left. As
the men of each division com-
plete the circle they halt, face the
center, and continue to dance
till the singing ceases; then all sit
down.

o"-tho” -ki-pa-no"-xe-cka, their use
of me as a scarificator shall bring
him back to consciousness. (From
a ritual.)

124

o*®-tho»’-kshi-tha, see the trail that
I make in my travel. Ceremonial
expression.
o’-tho-to®, rectitude; moral integrity;
good behavior.
o’-tho-to" a-ki-gtha thi", demeanor;
deportment; behavior.
o’-tho-to" a-zhi, depraved; corrupt;
wicked.
ni’-ka-shi-ga wi® o’-tho-to® a-zhi ha,
a depraved man.
o’-to"-be, to search.
o’-to™-be pa-xe, I made a search.
o’-to®-be shka-xe, you made a search.
o’-to®-be o®-ga-xa i, we made a
search.
o’-to"-be ga-xe.
o’-ts’e ga, easy.
o’-xe ¢ga-be—o-xe, in which to bury;
ga-be, black: a coffin.
o’-xo-be xtsi, fortunately; luckily.
o®-xo-be xtsi btha mo®-zhi®
fortunately I did not go.

(See a-ga-cu.)

ha,

pa, the head.

pa, bitter.

pa, snout, the projecting nose of an
animal.

pa, whole of the head.

Pa’-ba-wa-xo", Head-cutter. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the cutting
off of the head of the enemy.

Pa’-ba-wa-xo", The Osage name for
the Sioux Tribe of Indians. It
means Head-cutters.

pa’-ba-xthu-ge, perforation
septum of the nose.

pa’-be-ci, to bend a knife blade when
cutting with it.

pa’-bo-gthi-ha-ha, sapsucker, the
downy woodpecker; head down-
ward repeatedly. The bird works
downward in picking its food from
the rough bark of a tree.

pa-bu’, down hill, a steep incline.

pa’-ce, evening; close of the day.

pa’-ce wa-no"-bthe, an evening meal.

pa-ci’, point; top of a tree.

Pa-ci’, Brown-nose. Personal name.

pa-ci’, the top of a tree; the top of a
pole; a peak.

pa-ci-a’-gtho", the two spot in a
deck of cards; deuce.

in the

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

o’-xta, a thing of great value; a captive;
a favored person.
o’-xta o®-gi-tha i ha, I am favored.
o’-xta thi-gi-tha bi a, you are favored.
o’-xta a-wa-gi-tha i, we are favored.
o-xtha’-be, a forest; a jungle; a dense
grove.
o-xtho’-k’a, a hollow place; an oven.
mo®-ce’ o-xtho-k’a wa-zhe a-gtho™
no®, I roast meat in the oven.
mo®-ce’ o-xtho-k’a wa-zhe tha-gtha
no", you roast meat in the oven.
o-zhe’-tsi, the fireplace.
o’-zhi-to-ho—o-zhi, modification of
the word u-zhi, a hollow receptacle;
to-ho, blue or green: a bottle.
o’-zhi to-ho tse u-gi-pi, the bottle is
full.
o’-zho-ha, a bag.
o’-zhu to ho u-tha-do®, cork stopper.
o’-zhu-to-ho zhi®-ga, a small glass
bottle.

Pa-ci-do-ba, Four-hills. Personal
name. Refers to the descent of a
herd of buffalo from a hill in four
lines.

pa-ci’ he-be u-stse, the part of a piece
of goods left over; a remnant.

Pa’-ci-hi, Brown-head. Female per-
sonal name. Refers to the brown
head of the eagle.

pa-ci’ stse-dse wa-tho*, Songs of the
High Hills. The title of this group
is metaphorical and refers to the
clouds that appear along the
horizon like lofty hills. The first
song is a call to these hills to
come and give aid, also to the
clouds to come. These are the
version of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge
gens.

pa-gi’ tse, the top.

Pa-ciu’-gthi, Dwellers-upon-the-hill-
top. When the river (Mississippi)
overflowed its banks, a group of
Osage Indians fled from their
village and sought the high hills
and there established a camp.
They were known by the name of
Pa-ciu-gthi= and settled in Gray-
horse.

LA FLESCHE|

pa’-cka u-gtho" e-go", like putting
on a white cap, they shall see
themselves. Refers to old age.
pa’-da-bi, operation; surgical opera-
tion.
pa’-da gi thit-kshe—pa-da, egg; ci,
yellow; thi»-kshe, that is—egg-
that-is-yellow: yelk.
pa-da zhi®-ga, infancy; babyhood.
Pa’-do"-ka, the Osage name for the
Comanche Tribe.
pa’-dse, to butcher; to dissect.
a-pa’-dse, I butcher.
‘tha’-pa-dse, you butcher.
o®-pa’-dsa i, we butcher.
pa’-dsi-ge, to move an
pushing with a broom.
pa-ga’-da-da-xe, woodpecker.
pa gi’-stse-ge, The Nose Splitting. A
leader of the Wa-ca’-be or the
I»-gtho»’-ga gens takes the sacred
knife and with its sharp point
scratches the tip of the nose of the
captive, who bends over the fire
(sacred) and lets the blood drip
into it. Then the leader of the
Po®-ka Wa-shta-ge directs the
Sho’-ka to bring water, which is
placed before the leader, who recites
the wi-gi-e relating to the life-giv-
ing power of the water.
pa-gthe’, placing the head when
reclining for rest.
pa-gthe’, to fall with head backward
or forward.
pa-he’ (archaic), a hill; a mountain.
Among the Omaha this word is
still used.
pa-he’-tho®, a round hill.
pa-hi’, sharp.
mo®-hi" pa-hi, the knife is sharp.
pa-hi'’-i-ga-gtha—pa-hi, hair; i, with
which to; ga-gtha, untangle: a
comb.
pa’-hi*, porcupine. This animal was
useful to both the Osage and the
Omaha, only, however, for its
quills, which were used for deco-
rating moccasins, leggings, and
other articles of clothing. The
quills were colored with native
dyes and flattened before using.

object by

OSAGE DICTIONARY

125

pa’ -hi*-he-xpa, disheveled; unkempt.
pa’-hit tho® o®-he-xpa, I am dis-

heveled.
pa’-hi® tho” thi-he-xpa, you are dis-
heveled.
pa’-hi" tho" wa-he-xpa i, we are
disheveled.
pa’ -hi* thi-ta a-ki sho-ga’, your hair
is thick.
pa’-hi-tu, the mallard duck. The

skin of the neck and breast of this
bird are put upon the sacred pipes
of the Osage, Omaha, and Pawnee
Tribes.
pa-hiu’, the hair of a man’s head,
Pa-hiu’-gka, White-hair. Personal

name. Refers to the sacred white
buffalo.

Pa-hiu’-ga-zho", Hairy-head. Per-
sonal name.

Pa-hiu’-gthe-cge, Spotted-hair. Fe-
male personal name.

Pa-hiu’-gthe-zhe, Spotted-hair. Fe-
male personal name. Refers to

the spots on the fawn.
pa-hiu’-thi-ge—pa-hiu, hair; thi-ce,
cutter: scissors.
pa-hiu’-thi-ge to*-ga, large scissors;
shears.
pa-hiu’-thi-cge zhi*-ga, small scissors.
Pa-hiu’-thi-sho", Shaggy-head. Fe-
male personal name.
pa-ho®, to rise from a reclining posi-
tion; to arise from bed.
a-gi’-pa-ho2, I rise.
tha-gi’-shpa-ho®, you rise.
o"-gi’-pa-ho™ i, we rise.
pa-ho”-gthe, in advance of (the
storm).
pa-ho” -gthe, in the first order of time;
original; primary.
pa -ho®-gthe i-ta-ki-the, to preempt.
pa’-ho®-gthe i-ta-a-ki-the, I preempt.
pa’-ho®-gthe i-ta-tha-ki-the, you pre-
empt.
pa-ho”-gthe the, to go before, in
advance of; to precede.
pa-ho”’-gthe bthe ha, I precede.
pa-ho”-gthe shne ha, you precede.
pa-ho”’-gthe o®-ga-tha i, we precede.
pa-ho”-gthe tse, at the outset; from
the beginning.

126

pa-ho”™-gthe dsi to”, inception, at the
beginning; the initial.

pa-ho”’-gthe xtsi, the very first.

Pa-i", the Osage name for the Pawnee
Tribe.

Pa-i? mo"-hon, the Osage name for a
band of the Pawnees known as
Shki-thi.

pa-i’-ta-xe, the tip of the nose.

pa-mo”-gthe, with heads inclined
toward a person.
pa-mo”-ki-da, to bend the body

forward, as when picking some-
thing from the ground or floor.
pa’ -pa-gi, tip of the nose.
pa’ -ta gi thi"-kshe, the yolk of an egg.
Pa‘-ta-hi"-shku-e, Hairy-head. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the hairy
head of the buffalo.
pa’-ta zhi"-ga, baby; an
infancy.
pa’-thi-ba-xe, decapitate.
Pa’-thi*, a general term for tribes not
related to the Osage.
Pa’-thi®-ho"-ga, Sacred Stranger. A
personal name.
Pa’-thi"-mo*-ho", the Osage name
for the Pawnee Indians.
Pa’-thi"pa ga-xa, Pawnee head Creek.
Here the Osage killed a Pawnee
and stuck his head on a pole.
Pawnee Creek, Okla.
Pa’‘-thi*-wa-ko"-da-gi ga-xa, Medi-
cine man Creek, near Coffeyville,
Kans. A strange Indian was
found dead in a cave at this place.
This was the first camping spot on
the first buffalo trail.
Pa’-thi"-wa-we-xta, Annoyer-of-the-
enemy. Personal name.
Pa-thi™-wa-xpa-thi", Poor-Pawnee.
Personalname. Refers to a killing
of a starved Pawnee.
pa’-tse, butcher: surgical (operation).
pa-u-pa’-kshe, ridge on the nose.
pa-u-sho”™-sho", the neck where it
joins the head.
pa wa-thu-ce, Cutting off the head.
The men who cut off the heads of
the enemy then approach the
sacred bird and make their claims
to the o-do*, which is known by
this name.

infant;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

pa-xa’-dse, a peculiar style of hair cut
among the Osage Indians and also
in other tribes.

Pa - x e- ga, Brown - nose. Personal
name. Refers to the brown nose
of the black bear.

pa’-xe i"-da, I have made them to be.

pa’-xe-no"-ta, inner muscles of the
ribs; midriff.

pa-xi, hair of the head.

pa’ -xi®-cka, a white mane (horse’s).

pa’-xi" he-xpa, disheveled; hair dis-
arranged.

Pa’-xo-dse, the Osage name for the
Towa Indians.

pa’-xpe, grove of stunted (short)
oaks.

Pa-xpe-co"-dse, Frequenter-of-the-
bushes. Female personal name.

pa’-xpe tse-shka, the short stunted
oak.

Pa’-xpi-co"-dse, Stunted-oaks.
male personal name.

pa-xthi™, mucus from the nose.

pa-xthi” a-gtu-e, glanders, a horse
disease.

pa-xtho’-ge, nostrils.

pa-xu’-xe, the ridge of the nose.

pa-zhu’zhe, the bill of a swan, and
other birds.

Pa-zhi’-hi, Reddish-head.
personal name. Refers
red-headed eagle.

pa-zhu’-zhe, the tip of the nose.

pa-zhu’-zhe u-xthu-k’a, the nos-
trils. ”

pe’, the forehead.

pe’-a-thi-¢cta, to tie anything around
the forehead to relieve a pain in
the head.

pe’-btha-xe, a tuft of feathers upon
the head of a bird, as on the scarlet
tanager.

pe’-ci-ga (Om. pe’-gi), gooseberries.

pe’-cka zhu-dse, blue joint grass
(Andropogon furcatus muhl, red).
This plant is referred to in one of
the recited parts of the tribal
ritual relating to the making of the
first portable shrine for the sacred
hawk, the emblem of the warrior’s
courage.

pe’-gto-cta, blackberry.

Fe-

Female
to the

LA FLESCHE]

pe’-¢to-cta hi, blackberry vine.

pe’-de ni, fire water; intoxicant.

pe’-dse (Om. pe’-de), fire.

pe’ -dse g¢i-tse, live coals.

pe’-dse da-stsu-dse, blaze.

pe’-dse da-zhi, fire burned out.

pe’-dse ga-xe, a match.

pe’-dse ga-xthi"-zhe, shooting sparks
from a fire or from burning brands.

pe’-dse i-tha-thi-go*-dse, fire tongs
or a split stick for holding live
coals.

pe’-dse ho"-zhi sho-dse—pe-dse, fire;
ho*-zhi, bad; sho-dse, smokes—a
smoky fire.

pe’ -dse ko"-ha, edge of the fire.

Pe’-dse-mo"-ko" ga-xa, Il ire-Medi-
cine-Creek, Bad water. Smoke
was seen rising from this Creek all
the time. It must have been a salt
branch from the stream, for the
horses became unmanageable when
they reached this creek. This was
the second camp of the first buffalo
trail.

Pe’-dse-mo®-i", Fire-walker. Person-
alname. Refers to the finding of
the red bear walking in the night;
a light like a fire shone from his
breast.

pe’ -dse-ni-cka—pe-dse, fire; ni, water;
¢ka, white—fire-water-white: alco-
hol.

pe’-dse-ni-tsi, fire-water house; a
saloon; whisky house.

pe’-dse po-e gi-the, fire rebuilt.
(Om. ne-gi-the.)

pe’-dse u-gi-zhi, fire house. Every
gens of the Osage Tribe possessed a
house where any family belonging
to it could go and get a brand with
which to start its fire. At the
beginning of the tribal organiza-
tion each gens was given a fire
house in which each family of the
gens is supposed to have deposited
a burning brand which keeps
burning forever.

pe’-dse u-k’i wi-gi-e, Contributing to
the Fire. This ritual pertains to
the ceremonial kindling of the fire
by which the sacred water is to
be heated. This ritual belongs to
all the gentes of the two great

OSAGE DICTIONARY

127

pe’-dse u-k’i wi-gi-e—continued.
tribal divisions. An established
rule was followed in laying the
wood for this fire. If a Tsi’-zhu
member was conducting the cere-
mony, the first symbolic firebrand
was laid toward the west; second,
toward the north; third, toward
the east; and the fourth toward
the south. If the ceremony was
conducted by a Ho*’-ga, the first
fire was laid toward the east, the
second toward the north, the third
toward the west, and the fourth
toward the south. The time for
kindling the fire was just at sun-
rise.

pe’-dse wi-gi-e, The Fire Ritual. This
is allegorical and its acts are com-
mon throughout the tribal rites.
The meaning of the expressions
and ceremonial acts are discussed
and explained by those versed in
the rites at the informal gatherings
of the No»’-ho*-zhi.-ga. In this
way the knowledge of the inner
meanings of the wi-gi-es and their
accompanying acts are transmitted
from one generation to the other.

Pe-ga’-cgon-de, the Nez Percé Tribe.

Pe-ga’-co"-dse, Crow Tribe, so called
by the Osage Indians.

pe-ga’-cta, a cap. The cap of the
white man.

pe-mo”’-gthe, head bowed down.

pe’-o-to", the forehead.

pe’-sha-be zhi®-ga, the chickadee.

pe-stsu’-dse, forelock of a horse.

pe’ -thi-thi-cki, frown.

pe’-tho"-ba, seven.

pe’-to" gka, the white crane.

pe’ -to"-hiu-stse-dse, long - legged
crane; sandhill crane.

Pe’-to" to®-ga Zho-i-ga-the, Great
Crane People. The name of a
gens.

pe’-to" xo-dse, the gray crane.

pe-u’-gki-da, the depression above
the bridge of the nose between the
eyes.

pe-u’-ga-co", the parting of the hair.
A woman parts her hair in the
middle and paints the parting red
to symbolize the path of the sun.

128

pe-u’-ga-go’"—continued.

The path of the sun is a symbol
of a long life. The act of putting
on this symbol is a prayer for
long life and for an endless line
of descendants.

pe’-xe (Om. same), gourd rattle.

pe’-xe gu, rattle seeds.

pe -xe i-ba, rattle handle.

pe’-xe thu-ca-bi wa-tho", Songs of
Taking up the Rattle. This is
spoken of as songs, but is really
one stanza sung four times and
refers to the atcual going forth of
the Do’-do®-ho®-ga and his war-
riors.

pe’-xe thu-ce wa-tho", Songs of
Taking up the Rattle. These
songs follow those of the cere-
monial opening of the shrine, and
up to this time there has been no
accompanying of the rattle to the
songs. Preceding these songs is a
ritual which expresses the purpose
of the war gentes to destroy the
tribal organizations of their ene-
mies and all possible means by
which they could perpetuate their
own tribal existence. This, with
the songs, is of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-
shta-ge gens.

pe’-xe thu-ce wi-gi-e, Rattle ritual.
In this ritual may be found the
symbol of the Ho»’-ga great divi-
sion, which is the head of the male
puma; but if the candidate is of
the Tsi’-zhu division the symbol
is the teeth of the right jaw of the
animal, which is indicated by the
seeds in the rattle.

pe’-zhe, grass or hay; weeds.

pe’-zhe ke a-shi a-o"-btha ha, I took
the weeds out.

Pe’-zhe-a-tse,
sonal name.
eating grass.

pe’-zhe-btha-cka, calamus or sweet
flag (Acorus calamus). The root
of this plant is chewed by the
Osage for its sweet fragrance. It
is known to both the Omaha and
the Ponca. It is used for fatten-
ing horses, first being made into
powder.

Grass-eater. Per-
Refers to the buffalo

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

pe’-zhe btho"-tha-gthi®, sweet-smell-
ing grass.

pe’-zhe btho®-tha-gthi" a-ba xtha-
co" ho" no® bi a, sweet clover has
a white flower.

pe’ - zhe i- tsi - to" - wo", Town of
thatched houses. This place was
called so when the town was first
founded, because the inhabitants
dwelt in thatched houses. The
Osage name for Independence,
Kans.

pe’-zhe mo*-ko® ga-e, weed coffee;
tea.

pe’-zhe mo®-ko" ga-e btha-to®, I drink
tea.

pe’-zhe mo®-ko® ga-e shta-to", you
drink tea.

pe’-zhe mo®-ko" ga-e o®-tho®-to® i,
we drink tea.

pe’-zhe-tu-hu, pennyroyal (Hedeoma
pulegioides). This plant is used by
the Osage for tea.

tha’-po®-ge a-ba pe’-zhe-tu-hu i-gi bi
a, mosquitos do not like penny-
royal.

Pe’-zhe-u-tha-ha, Grass-clings-to-
him. Personal name.

pe’-zhe-xu-ta, wild sage (Artemisia).

pi, or tse-pi, liver.

pi-ca’ (Om. same), sand; silt.

pi-ca’-gka, white sand.

pi-ca’ ga-da-dse, loose sand in the
bed of a river in which there is
danger of sinking; quicksand.

Pi-ca’-u-gthe ga-xa, Sand Creek,
Okla.

Pi-gi’, Acorn-of-the-red-oak. Personal
name. Refers to the mythical
story of the eagle causing the
acorns to drop from the red oak
as he alights.

pi-gi’, liver gall.

pi-gi’ ga-be, black acorn.

pi-ci’ga-be hi, black-acorn tree; the
black oak.

pi-gi’ ha, acorn cups.

pi-ci’ hi, red oak tree (Quercus rubra).

Pi-ci’-hi-u-gthe, Red Oak Creek;

Dry Wood Creek, Kans.
pi-ci'-sha-be hi, the dark-acorn tree.
pi-ci’ shko®, agitation of the liver gall

on account of sudden anger.

LA FLESCHE]

pi-gi’-stse-dse, long acorn; acorn of
the white oak.

pi-gi’ -stse-dse hi, the long-acorn tree.

pi-gi’-xo-dse hi, the gray-acorn tree.

pi-gi-k’o", to repeat and try again

after failing to make repairs on
worn clothing or broken tools.

pi-a’-gi-k’o", I tried again to repair
the tools.

pi -tha-gi-k’o", you tried again to
repair the tools.

pi-o™-gi-k’o" i, we tried again to
repair the tools.

pi-gthe, to defer; to put off; to delay;
(2) to put away food left over
from a meal.

pi’-a-gthe, I defer.
pi’-tha-gthe, you defer.
wa-no"-bthe te pi-a-gthe,
away the food.
wa-no”-bthe te pi-tha-gthe, you put
away the food.
pi’-i-ge, very near; almost.
ho”’-ni-e-gi-pshe pi’-i®-ge,
very near saying so.
pi-o™, expert; skillful.
pi’-mo”, I am expert.
shpi zho®, you are expert.
o®-pi-o" i, we are expert.
pi pi-a-zhi, the bad ones that may be
found here and there.
pi’-tha-to", a girdle; (2) to gird; to
put on a girdle.

pi’-the, the love of a woman for a man

or boy.
pi’-a-the, I love him.
pi’-tha-the, you love him.

pi’-zhi, to be sorry; to regret.

o”-ho® mo®-zhi, I am sorry.

pi’ -zhi, bad; evil.

pi’-zhi a-zhi", to have a bad opinion
of a person.

Pi'-zhi-gthi-no"-zhi", Returns-to-
fight. Personal name. Refers to
the enraged bull standing to fight
the hunter.

Pi'-zhi-to"-ga, Big-bad-one. Person-
al name. Refers to the big bull
always ready to fight.

po-e’, to ignite.

po-e’ pa-xe, I ignited it.
po-e’ shka-xe, you ignited it.
po-e’ o®-ga-xa i, we ignited it.

I put

I came

OSAGE DICTIONARY

129

po-e’, blaze; flames.

po’-e-to*, standing in the flames.

po-ki-e’, a sound like the report of a
gun or a popgun.

Po”-ka, the Ponca Tribe.

Po”-ka i-e, Ponca language.

Po-ka Wa-shta-ge, the name of a
leader who commanded that the
captive (da’-gthe) might live. The
Sho’-ka, in obedience to the re-
quest, brings the captive in and
gives him a seat near the sacred
fireplace for the adoption cere-
mony. The meaning of Po*-ka
is not known, but the meaning of
Wa-shta-ge is gentle

p’o’-tho", steam arising from boiling
water.

p’o’-tho” tse o®-tho" ni-de a-ke, the
steam burnt my arm.

po” -to®-a hi, large hickory (Hicoria)
tree.

po” -to"-ga, nut of the hickory tree;
hickory nut.

po’ -to"-ga zhi®-ga, the pignut.

po" -xe, the artichoke (Cynara scoly-
mus), an edible plant. The head
of the cultivated artichoke is good
to eat.

pshi i* da, I have been to.

pshe, to pound corn into fine meal.

ha’-ba thi-shpi tse a-pshe he (w. sp.),
I pounded the corn.

ha’-ba thi-shpi tse tha-pshe he
(w. sp.), you pounded the corn.

a-pshe’, I pound.

tha-shpe’, you pound.

o®-psha’ i, we pound.

pshi-shto”-zha, phragmites. This

plant was never used by the Osage.
It is referred to in the Rush Mat
Case Degree (see 45th Ann. Rept.
B. A. E., p. 688, in context, and
wi-gi-e following) of the war rites
as having been declared unsuitable
for making the mat case for the
sacred hawk.

psho”’-shka, a nighthawk.

psi’ -stse-dse, spleen.

pu-e’-tse, flames.

pu-ki’, a dull thud, made by striking.

130

sha’-be, dark in color.

Sha’-be-no®-zhi", Stands-dark. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the lone
buffalo standing still against the
horizon.

sha’-be tsi-gthe, suddenly appearing
dark.

sha’-ge, hands; paws; claws; talons.

sha’-ge ba-ha kshi-the—sha-ge,
hand; ba-ha, show; kshi-the, per-
mitted to: to take an oath.

sha’-ge btha-k’a i-tsis—sha’ge,
hand; btha-k’a, flat; i-tsi7, to
strike; to spank.

Sha’-ge-bthe-gka, Flat-hands. Per-
sonal name.
Sha’-ge-cka, White-talons. Personal

name.
sha’-ge ga-da-zhe, a hand blistered
by a rough ax or hoe handle.
sha’-ge-ha, finger nail.
sha’-ge-i-tsi", to strike with the hand.
sha’-ge i-tha’-tsi", I struck with my

hand.

sha’-ge i’-tha-tsi7, you struck with
your hand.

sha’-ge 0®-tho®-tsi" i, we struck with
our hands.

sha’-ge ko", the veins of the hand.

sha-ge’ ni-e—sha-ge, finger; ni-e,
ache or sore: a run-around.
Sha’-ge-pa-hi, Sharp-talons. Per-

sonal name,
sha’-ge te o®-tho"-ba, my hand is
swollen.
sha’-ge-thi-shu-ga, to roughen or
make the hands callous by hard
work, as with a hoe or an ax.
sha’-ge bthi-shu-ga, I roughened my
hands.
sha’-ge ni-shu-ga, you calloused your
hands.
sha’-ge o®-thi-shu-ga i, we calloused
our hands.
sha’-ge u-ba-zhu, a knuckle.
sha’-ge u-ga-be, fingers.
sha’-ge u-gtho"—sha’-ge, finger; u-
gtho®, in which to put: a thimble.
sha’-ge u-gtho® wi® ko»-bthe, I want
a thimble.
sha’-ge u-gtho® wi" shko®-shda a(?)
do you want a thimble?

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

sha’-ge u-ho"-ge, the third finger.

sha’-ge u-ki-tse, a knuckle or joint of
a finger.

sha’-ge u-sha-be,
finger nails.
sha-ge u-stse’-dse tse, the long or
middle finger.
sha’-ge-u-thi-xtha—sha’-ge, hands;
u-thi-xtha, to thrust in: gloves or
mittens.
sha’-ge u-thi-xtha thi-thi-ta,
mittens.
sha’-ge u-thi-xtha wi-ta, my mittens.
sha’-ge u-tho"-da, the center of the
hand.

sha’-ge u-to"-ga tse, the large finger;

thumb.
sha’-ge u-to"-ga tse ni-e a-ki pa-xe,
my thumb is hurt.

sha’-ge u-zhi"-ga, the small finger;
little finger.

Sha’-ge-wa-hi", Bloody-hands. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the butch-
ering of the baffalo parts.

sha’-ge we-a-ba-cu, the index finger;
the first finger used to point with.

sha’-ge we-k’u-tse, a span. A
measure with the outstretched
hand, generally from the end
of the little finger to the out-
stretched thumb.

sha’-pe (Om. same), six.

sha’-pe a-zhi—sha-pe, six; a-zhi scat-
tered: six spot in a deck of cards.

sha’-pe o" (Om. same), six times.

dirt under the

your

sha’-she-k’a, grows rank in fields
(plant unidentified).
Sha’-wa-bi", Bloody-hands. Personal

name. Refers to the talons of a
hawk.

shdo’-zha, bent forward.

she, that one; there.

she a-ba wa-gthu’-shka u-tsi shno®
bi a, the apple is wormy.

she a’-wa-kshi mo" i" da, I have
done that for them.

she e-wa-kshe, that in your hand is
what I mean.

she’-go", that kind or sort.

she gthe-btho®, ten apples.

she’-hi, apple tree. (See apple.)

LA FLESCHE]

she’ -ki, rattlesnake.
she’-ki no" a-wa-pe, I am afraid of a
rattlesnake.
she’-kshe, that long object.
she-mo?, I have done that; I have
acted in that manner. (Om. same.)
she’-mo"” mo”-zhi" it da, I have not
done so. (From a ritual.)
she’-no®-zhi"® o, stand there a while.
she’-pshe, [ said so.
she’-sho" e-the, I am satisfied (woman
speaking).
she’-sho"-e-tho, I am satisfied (man
speaking).
she sho®-thi®-do", even while going
and moving about.
she tho" ts’o-xe ha, the apple is tart.
she’-thu, yonder; there where you are.
she’-to", that one standing. (From a
ritual.)
she’-to" a—she, the archaic name for
the red haw (Crataegus coccinea) ;
to-a, large. The apple is also
called ko®-dse, which is the name
for the wild plum. The word
xo-dse, gray, is added to ko®-dse to
distinguish the plum from the
apple. She is also the Omaha
archaic name for red haw. This
word is also used as a general term
for fruits of any description.
she’ to®-ga, a large apple; a pippin.
she’ to®-ga ¢ki-the wit shko®-shta,
you want a sweet apple.
she’ to®-ga zhu-dse wi® ko*-btha, I
want a red apple.
she’tse ba-a-zha-be,
apples.
she wa-cki’-the, apple sauce.
shi, again; and.
shi a’-gi-gthi", to remount.
shi-a’-a-gi-gthi2, I remounted my
horse.
shi-a’-tha-gi-gthi*,
your horse.
_shi a’-ki-tha, to fight again or to fight
back.
shi’-ba-ha, to reproduce; to make
over.
shi pa-xe go" pa-ha, I reproduced.
shi shka’-xe go" shpa-ha, you repro-
duced.
shi o®-ga-xa go" o"-ga-ba-ha i, we
reproduced.

I pared the

you remounted

OSAGE DICTIONARY

131

shi-ba’-the, to become accidentally
unfastened; to escape.
shi’-be, entrails; the viscera.
shi’be thi-ta-the, to disembowel.
shi’-be u-ba-stsu-e—shi-be, intes-
tines; u-ba-stsu-e, pushing out: a
rupture.
shi’-be-xthi, bile.
shi’ e-gi-tho"—shi, again; e-gi-tho®,
he said so—again-he-said-so: to
reassert; to reiterate.
shi e’-gi-pe, I reassert.
shi e’-gi she, you reassert.
shi e’-0®-gi-tho® i, we reassert.
shi ga-xe—shi, again; ga-xe, to make:
to remake.
shi ga’-xe, I remake.
shi shka’-xe, you remake.
shi 0®-ga‘-xa i, we remake.
shi’-mi, same as shi-mi-zhi®-ga.
shi’-mi ho btho®-xe, young woman in
her adolescence.
shi’-mi-zhi"-ga, a baby girl; a dam-
sel; a maiden; a lassie.
shi’-mi-zhi"-ga i-da-a-the he, [I
gave birth to a girl.
shi-mo”-ksho®, kneels.
shi, to be fat.
o®-shi»’, I am fat.
thi-shi®’, you are fat.
shi’ -ga-xe, to fatten.
shi*’-pa-xe, I fatten.
shi"-shka-xe, you fatten.
shi®-o"-ga-xa 1, we fatten.
shi” -ku-ku-ge, robin redbreast.
shi’-no", again and again.
shi-no” -dse, the knee.
shi-no”™-dse, the bittern, a
belonging to the heron family.
shi -she-ga, red-bellied woodpecker.
shi®-to, youth.
shi-to ho btho®-xe, a young man
with a cracked voice.
shi’-to"-ga, portly; fat.
shi -to-no®-ho®, a bachelor; a single
young man.
shi*’-to zhi"-ga, a baby boy.
shi"-to zhi*-ga da’-e tha-gthi" a-
zhi, a willful boy.
shi*’-to zhi*-ga the mo® wi® a-kchi
xe a-tha, I am making an arrow
for the boy.
shi*’-to zhi2-ga the mo® wi® tha-kchi
xe a-tho, you are making an
arrow for the boy.

bird

132

shi®-to zhi*-ga thi" kshe sha’-ge
btha-k’a i-tsi® bi a, he spanked
the boy.
shi-to zhi"-ga to" a-gi-shi-be, I
paid the boy.
shi*’-to zhi®-ga to" bthi-k’i-tha ha,
I tickled the boy.
shi"’-tu zhi"-ga, a boy.
shi™’-tu zhi"-ga zha’-zhe btha-dse o,
I called the boy by name.
shi*’-tu zhin-ga zha’-zhe shda-dse o,
you called the boy by name.
shi"’-zha hi, an evergreen water plant.
shi o"-do”-ba thir ha, Look upon
me again. (From a ritual.)
shi-tho"’-dse, knee; that part of the
leg around the kneepan.
shi-thi’-zha, to rinse.
shi’ to®-ga bia, he is portly.
shi-tho"’-dse mo®-shko", the knee-
cap.
Shi-tho"’-dse-we-tsi", Strikes-with-
the-knee. Personal name.
shiu’-be, intestines.
shka-dse, to play; to sport.
a-shka’-dse, I play.
tha-shka’-dse, you play.
o®-shka-dsa i, we play.
shka’-dse gi-gu—shka-dse, _ sport,
play; gi-gu, happy; sportive; full
of life.
shka’-dse hi wa-thi»—shka-dse,
sport, play; hi, arrive at; wa-thi,
house or place for: society or club.
shka-shka’-tho", happy, joyous; face-
tious; humorous.
shka’-xa-zhi inda, you have not made
it.
shka’-xe tho®-ta zhi, it is not possible
for you to do it.
shki, also.
wi-shki, I also.
thi-shki, you also.
o®-gu-shki i, we also.
e-shki, he or she also.
shki-do”, they may be; even that
alone.
shko®, to move; to stir; to be active.
a-shko®, I am active.
tha-shko™’, you are active.
o®-shko® i, we are active.
shko®-a’ zhi, not active; inactive.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

shko” thi®-ge—shko®, motion; thi2-
ge, none—motion-none: motion-
less.
zho®-a-be ge shko®-shti-wo" a-zhi,
the leaves are motionless.
shko”-thu-ts’a-e hi, to become in-
firm, like a feeble man.
shko”-wa-ga-xe, to incite; to stir up
strife; to cause a riot.
shko®’-wa pa-xe, I stirred up strife.
shko*®’-wa shka-xe, you stirred up
strife.
shko"’-o"-wo" ga-xa i, we stirred up
strife.
shko® wa-to’-ge, quick in action.
shko”™ -zhi-ga-xe, to hinder; to pre-
vent one from doing something.
ni’-ka-shi-ga to" shko-zhi pa-xe,
I prevented the man from going.
ni’-ka-shi-ga to® shko®’-zhi shka-xe,
you prevented the man from going.
ni’-ka-shi-ga to" shko*’-zhi o®-ga-xa
i, we prevented the man from going.
shku’-be, deep, as deep water.
shku’-be ga-xe, to deepen; to make
deep.
shku’-be pa-xe, I make deep.
shku’-be shka-xe, you make deep.
shku’-be o*-ga-xa i, we make deep.
Sho-do’ to"-wo", Choteautown. The
Osage name for St. Louis, Mo.
Choteau was a trader among the
Osage Indians and was very popu-
lar.
Sho’-dse, Smoke.
sho’-dse, smoke.
sho’-dse-no®, turned to smoke; usu-
ally smokes.
sho-ga’, thick (as applied to goods,
skin, or any material).
sho’-ka, a ceremonial messenger. This
was an Office necessary for com-
municating with the other gentes
in a ceremonial and authoritative
manner. A captive was some-
times chosen to fill this office be-
cause, it is said, he was a real
sho’-ka; in order that he may be
easily recognized from others he
carries a pipe in his left hand as
his badge of office.
sho’-ka-to*, a herd of buffalo.

Personal name.

LA FLESCHE]

sho’ mi-ka-gi, coyote. In Osage and
Omaha myths the coyote figures
as the trickster.

sho’-mi-ka-¢i ¢a-be, a black wolf.

sho’-mi-ka-gi-to®-ga, big coyote; gray
wolf.

sho", complete; perfect; it is done.

sho", all of them, and for all time.
(From a ritual.)

sho®-a’-ba, finally; at length.

sho®-a’-to®-he, I am still here, stand-
ing.

sho”-a-to*-he a-tho, I am still stand-
ing.

sho’-tha-to"-she, you are still stand-
ing.

sho®-a’-zhi, it is not well; something
is wrong.

sho™-gka to"-ga, a large white wolf.

sho®-dse’, the scrotum.

sho"-dse’-gu (Om. same), testicle.

sho"-dse’ thi"-ge, gelding.

Sho"-dse-thu-ca-bi, where a horse
was treated. This was the sixth
camp in the third buffalo trail and
was 25 miles from the fifth.

sho"-e’-go", all, whatever kind they
may be. (From a ritual.)

sho” -ge, dog or wolf.

sho”-ge thi"-ke a-a-no™-zhi2, I
stepped on the dog.

sho”’-ge thi*-ke a-tha-no®-zhi", you
stepped on the dog.

Sho” -ge a-ga-k’e go", Dog suspended
in the sky; Dog star; paraphrase of
wi-gi-e.

Verily, the Chief Messenger

Hastened to

The side of the heavens,

Where lay Sho»’-ge, the dog (Sirius) as though
suspended in the sky,

And returned with him to the people,

They spake to him, saying: O grandfather,

The little ones have nothing of which to make

their symbols.
(From Taking a Life Symbol.)

sho” -ge ga-be, black wolf.

sho”-ge gka, white wolf.

sho™-ge e-go"—sho*-ge, wolf; e-go,
like: wolfish.

sho™-ge hi®-tu, the gray wolf.

sho™-ge i-cgi wa-the—sho”-ge, dog;
i’-ci-wa-the, hateful, ill tempered:
an ill-tempered dog.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

133

sho-"’-ge i-ts’e-the, wolf killer; wolf
poison; jack-in-the-pulpit (Ari-
saema triphyllum).

sho”-ge i-ts’e-the mo*-ko® pi-zhi,
strychnine is a poison.

Sho™-ge-mo?”-i", Walking-dog. Per-
sonal name.

Sho”-ge ni i-bi-ce ts’a-bi ga-xa,
Dogs die of thirst; Creek, Okla.

sho”’-ge pa-ce-go", dewberry (Rubus

villosus). The fruit of the low
blackberry.

sho” ge-pa-zhi"-ga, same as sho"
pa-zhi"-ga.

Sho”™-ge-thi-hi, Dog-scarer. Person-
al name.

sho™-ge to-ho to"-ga, big blue wolf.

sho”’-ge tsi, dog-house; a kennel.

Sho”’-ge-tsi-e, Dog-passing-by. Per-
sonal name.

sho™-ge wa-tho®, Wolf Songs. These
songs not only refer to but belong
to the Xthe’-ts’a-ge, the command-
ing officers chosen at the ceremonial
organization of a war party, there
being three songs in this group.
The first has two stanzas, and in
this the Xthe’-ts’a-ge are likened,
as they go over the land, to noisy
wolves, because their scouts as
they come and go call to each other,
giving forth the cries of the wolves.
The second song is composed of
eight lines and refers to the eight
commanders, who, when reaching
a decision, speak as though with
one voice. The third and last
song of this group refers to the
success in overcoming the enemy,
and has one stanza.

sho”-ge wa-tho", Wolf Songs. These
are the Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge ver-
sion and are supplicatory in
character, being an appeal to the
supernatural to grant the com-
manders the same powers bestow-
ed upon the wolf to aid them in
overcoming their enemies. In the
third song there is an appeal for
success of the warriors; the fourth
is a special appeal to the god of
night and to the god of day, these
being the only supernatural powers

134

sho"’-ge wa-tho"—continued.
who could give the warriors ef-
fectual aid.

sho™-ge xo-dse, gray wolf.

sho™-ge zho-i-ga-the, Dog-people.
Refers to the Dog Star as the life
symbol. The name _ Sho-ge
includes coyotes, gray wolves, and
all other kinds of dogs. This is
also the name of a subgens of the
Cir-dse A-gthe gens; acts as Sho’-
ka to both itself and the gens.

sho” -gthi"-dse, May apple (Podophyl-
lum peltatum). This plant has
a fruit that is liked more by the
Osage for its odor than for its

taste.
Sho” -ha-u-ki-pa-tse, Buffalo-robe.
Personal name. Refers to the

robe which a man threw away
when attacked by a buffalo.

sho” i" da, enough; satisfying.

sho”-ka a-zhi—sho"-ka, the archaic
name for nine, now used only in
a card game; a-zhi, scattered:
nine spot in deck of cards.

sho” -pa-gthe-cge, quail; bobwhite;
striped headed. This word in
modern times is spelled sho”’-pa-
’the-ce.

sho”-pa-thu-ge, a bobwhite. (See
sho” -pa-gthe-¢e.)

sho”-pa-zhi"-ga, little-nose grey-
hound.

sho”’-sho®-e, forever; always; without
stopping.

sho®’-sho® mo®-thi® 0, go without

stopping.

Sho”-sho®-i2, the Osage name for the
Shoshone Tribe of Indians.

sho” sho®-xti, verily without stopping.

sho” thit-kshe i" da, even as he sat;
while yet he sat. (From a ritual.)

sho” -to2, a while longer.

Sho’ -to®-ca-be, Black-dog. Personal
name.

sho” -tse, as it is; in fact.
Sho *-xtsi pa-xe, all of them I have
made to be. (From a ritual.)
sho’-sho-ka, osprey. The osprey is
used as an emblem in the Osage
rites.

sho’-sho-ka wa-tho", Songs of the
Osprey. This group of three songs

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

sho’-sho-ka wa-tho"—continued.
is the version of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-
shta-ge gens, and refers to the
part that the osprey, a mystic
bird, plays when the warriors are
being pursued by the enemy.
Soon after the warriors return
there is a ceremony called Wa-
do’-ka We-ko, at which time a
group of songs entitled O-gtha’-ge
Wa-tho® is presented. These Fire
Songs speak of the osprey’s
mysterious action when the smoke
of the fire carries heavenward the
petitions of the warriors.

sho-the’, come toward you.

Sho-zho-e-mo"-thi", a Mormon.

shpa-tho™he, my grandchild.

shpe’-zhi"-ga, fragment.

shpo*, sodden; softened by soaking in
water.

shpo*-the, to soak a skin in water in
process of tanning.

shta, hairless; destitute of hair.

shta’-ge, tepid; slightly warmed; (2)
stagnant.

shta’-ha, slick; (2) smooth.

shti’-de, to warm an object by holding
it in the hands.

o®-shti’-de, I warmed it in my hands.

thi’-shti-de, you warmed it in your
hands.
wa-shti’-da i, we warmed it in our
hands.
shto", in the habit of; habitually;
constantly.
e-go" shto"™ bi a, he is in the habit
of doing it.

shto’-zha, crooked; wry.
zho® xa ke shto’-zha, the stick is
crooked.
shu’-be, entrails; intestines.
shu’-be thi-btha-ge, to tear or
lacerate the bowel.
shu’-be thu-ta-the, to disembowel.
shu-be u-cka’ thi"-kshe, the white
entrail.
shu-the’, coming where you are.
(From a ritual.)
stse-dse’, tall; a tall man; (2) long.
stse-dse’ ga-xe, to make longer.
stse-dse’ pa-xe, I make longer.
stse-dse’ shka-xe, you make longer.
stse-dse’ 0®-ga-xa i, we make longer.

LA FLESCHE]

stse’-ge, split.
sho”’-ge a-ka no"-ta stse’-ge bi a, the
dog has a split ear.
stse tho"-ta zhi, it will not be possible
for you to go.

ta, deer (archaic, ta-xtsi). The flesh

of this animal was used by the

Osage and Omaha for food and the

skin for clothing. The sinew was

used for sewing. The process of

dressing the skin was as follows:

(1) The hair was removed with a

peculiar kind of scraper, after

several days of soaking’ in water;

(2) the skin was then dried and

oiled with fat or buffalo brains;

(3) then a second soaking in water;

(4) finally dried and _ rubbed

against a sinew cord fastened to an

upright post.

in that direction.

ceremonial ritual.

ta, shall; he shall; you shall.

ta, meat of any kind.

ta, the deer. Term used
monial ritual.

ta’-a-ba, they shall.

ta a-ka, it will.

ni-zhiu’ ta a-ka, it will rain.
a-gthe’ ta a-ka, he will go home.

ta ba-do*, that they may.

ta-be’, ball. (Om.same.) The Osage
usually make their balls of the root
of a plant called ta-be’ hi, ball
tree; sometimes of the root of the
grapevine. The game which is
called ga-ciu is played in honor of
the dead. Sometimes when the
people of the village become
despondent from lack of work to
do the principal men come to-
gether to set a day on which to
awaken them with the game of
ball. In this game the people of
the two great tribal divisions—the
Ho”’-ga and the Tsi’-zhu—contend
against each other. On the day
appointed the men and women of
these two divisions bring to the
field their finery and weapons,

ta, Term used in

in cere-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

135

stse’-tse tha-ki-gthi shto, you are
determined to go.
stsiu’no®-zhi" o, stand upright.
stsu, straight.
mo”-ke stsu, the arrow is straight.

ta-be’—continued.
such as bows and arrows. The
Ho-ga people put theirs in one
pile and the Tsi’-zhu in another.
When all have brought in their
stakes a warrior is called upon to
recount his warlike deeds, at the
close of which he receives his fee,
and then tosses the ball in the air;
then the struggle begins, each side
striving to drive the ball between
one or the other of the two goals
which are set a running distance
apart. When the game is won
the stakes are distributed among
the winners, after which all the
players feast together and laugh
over the comical incidents of the
game. The men have their own
ball games and the women have
theirs.

ta-be’-cu, ball stick.

ta-be’-cu i-ba-sta-dse, a curved stick
covered with a net used by the
Chippewas in a certain kind of
ball game. It is also used by the
Osage, Iowa, Kansas, and Winne-
bago Tribes.

Ta’ -bi-gpa bi, the does crouch to hide:

September.
ta bi2 da, they shall. (From the
ritual.)

ta’-biu-cka, whitleather; the nuchal
ligament; term used in butchering.
ta’-bthe, to hunt deer; deer hunting.
ta’-bthe gi-tha-gthi", one who loves
to hunt; a sportsman.
ta’-bthe-zho® the, to go deer hunting
and sleep out if necessary.
ta’-bthe zoh"-bthe, I go deer hunting
and will sleep out if necessary.
ta’-bthe o2-ga tha i, we go deer hunt-
ing and will sleep out if necessary.
ta’-ga-zhi, eccentric; odd character.
ta-ce’ kshi-the, a minute.

136

BUREAU OF

ta-ci’, muskrat. The muskrat was
used for food before the coming of
the white man, and when the fur
traders came the pelt became
useful as an article of trade.

Ta-ci”-e, Deer’s tail. Personal name.

ta-gi"’-dse, a deer’s tail.

ta-ci®’-dse a-gtho”, deer’s tail head-
dress; a warrior’s decoration.

ta-ci’-dse a-gtho" tha-gthi® xtsi wi

a-bthi2 ha, I have a very fine
deer-tail headdress.

ta-ci"-dse ca-be—ta, deer; ci®-dse,
tail; ca-be, black—black-tailed-
deer. This animal was used by
both the Osage and Omaha for
food. The remarks on the ta
apply to the black-tailed deer,
excepting as to the use in the tribal
rites.

Ta-ci’-dse gka, White-tailed deer.
Name of a gens.

ta-cka’ cka, the spotted thrush.
bird has a beautiful voice.
toward the sky in
manner.

ta-¢cka’, sheep.

ta-cka’a-ba-ta, sheep fence; a corral.

ta-gka’ a-do"-be, a shepherd.

ta-gka’-hi*, wool; the hair of the sheep;
cotton.

ta-gka’-hi" u-zhi, a wool sack; a sack
for carrying wool.

ta-gka’a-do"-be a-ka sho"-ge wi®
a-thi® a-ka, the shepherd has a
dog.

ta-cka’ hit wa-to"—ta-cka hi", sheep
hair or wool; wa-to", goods: woolen
goods.

ta-¢ka’-mi-ga, ewe, a female sheep.

ta-cka’ sho"-dse-i"-ge, a castrated
ram.

ta-cka’ ta, mutton; white deer meat.
The sheep is called white deer.

ta-¢ka‘tsi, sheep house; sheep cote.

ta-gka’zhi"-ga, little white deer; a
lamb.

ta-¢po™, the red haw; thorn apple.

ta’ da-ga-ge, a process of preparing
meat, known as jerked meat. It
is sliced when fresh into thin
strips and dried in the sun and
wind, or roasted on a frame
arranged over a fire trench.

This
It sings
an excited

AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

ta’-do-ka pa’-gno" mi kshe 0, I am
roasting meat (on a _ sharpened
stick).
ta’-do-ka shpa-cno® ni kshe o, you
are roasting meat (on a sharpened
stick).
ta do®, that he might.
ta do®, shall we do.
ta do®, to do so; pressed with the desire
to rest; a ritual expression referring
to the hibernating of the bear.
ta-dse’, the winds, the four quarters of
the earth; (2) air.
ta’-dse a-k’a tse, south wind; south.
ta’-dse ba-go" tse, north wind; north.
ta-dse’-ca-cga-gi, windy.
ta-dse’-ca-gi, violent wind; wind-
storm; a gale.
ta-dse’ ca-gi bi a, the wind was
strong.
ta-dse do-ba ha, division of the winds
into four parts.
ta-dse’ ga-ku-wi"-xe, whirls around
by the wind; a windmill.
ta-dse’ ga-xo-e, the soughing of the
wind.
ta’-dse ga-xpa tse, east wind; east.
ta-dse’ gtho"-the, great windstorm; a
tempest.
ta-dse he’-no®-ha te, in the midst of
the winds.
Ta’-dse-hiu-e, The-coming-of-the-
wind. Personal name.
Ta-dse’-k’o-e, Soughing-of-the-wind,
Personal name.
ta’-dse mo"-ha tse, west wind; west.
ta-dse’ pa-ho"-gthe thi"-dsi, winds
that move in advance of a storm.
ta-dse pi’-zhi, a bad wind; blustery. .
ta-dse’ po-e—ta-dse, air; po-e, ignites:
gas.
ta-dse thi-co"-tha, the wind turns.
Ta-dse’-to", Owner-of-the-wind. Per-
sonal name.
ta-dse u-pe’ ga-xe—ta-dse, air or
wind; u-pe, to enter; ga-xe, to
make—to-make-wind -or-air-to-
enter: ventilate.
ta-dse u-pe pa-xe, I ventilated.
ta-dse u-pe shka-xe, you ventilated.
ta-dse u-pe o®-ga-xa i, we ventilated.
ta-ge, walnut. The Osage knew only
one kind of walnut, the black.
ta’-ge ha, walnut hulls.

LA FLESCHE]

ta’-ge hi, black walnut tree (Juglans
nigra).

Ta’ ge hi ba-tse, Walnut Grove River;
North fork of the Canadian River.

ta’-ge-hiu, the black walnut (Juglans
nigra). The Osage use the nut of
this tree for food. The bark and
leaves are used for enticing fish to
the hook when one Is fishing.

ta’-ge sha-e, black walnut.

ta’-ge sha-e hi a-wa-no®-bthe wi®

a-bthi® ha, I have a black walnut
table.

ta-gthe’-shka, deer tick;
gthe-shka, tick or bug.

ta-gthe’-shka to®-ga, deer tick; a
kind of grub that buries _ itself
under the skin of an animal.

Ta-gthe’-shka u-tsi u-pshe, Deer-
tick Ford.

ta-gthe’-zhe hu-to4, cry of the fawn;
deer decoy call.

ta-gthe’-zhe zhi®-ga, a young spotted
deer; a fawn.

ta-gthe’-zhe, a fawn; young deer.

ta-ha, deer skin. These are used at
the Wa-sha-be A-thi2 (War Cere-
mony) for distribution among the
Do-do*’-ho-ga. They are to be
worn on the shoulders during the
ceremonies. Next, downy feathers
(eagle’s) are distributed; these are
worn on the crown of the head as
a sacred insignia. These deer-
skins and feathers are furnished by
certain gentes of the Wa’-zha-zhe
subdivision.

ta ha, toward.

(Illus.) ni kshe ta ha, toward the

water or river.

ta-ha’ ga-stsu-stsu-e, fringes of any
kind of clothing made of deerskin.

ta-ha’ ho®-be, deerskin moccasins.

ta-ha’ nu-ka, wet deerskin.

ta-ha’-thi-zhi", a game played by
children. This is a game in which
one child pinches the upper part
of the back of the another child’s
hand.

ta-he’ ba-gi-ge, deer with sharp horns.

Ta-he’-ba-xo" bi, When the deer break
(shed) their horns. The name of
the first month of winter: No-
vember.

ta, deer;

OSAGE DICTIONARY

137

Ta-he’-ga-xe, Antlered-deer or Deer-
with-branching-horn. Personal
name.

ta-he’-sha-be, the dark-horned deer.
This is also the name given to a
subgens of the O’-po"™ gens; acts
as Sho’-ka to both itself and the
gens.

Ta-he’-xa-ga, Short-horned-deer.
Personal name.

ta-hi’-ko®-stse, muscle of the lower
leg.

ta’-hiu, the neck; the nape of the
neck.

ta’-hiu ga-ba-xe—ta’-hiu, back of the
neck; ga-ba-xe, to cut—to cut
the back of the neck; to behead.

ta’-hiu-ga-cta, curve in the neck.

ta’-hiu i-ba, a swelling of the neck;
mumps.
shi’-to zhi2-ga a-ka ta-hiu i-ba 02,
the boy has mumps.

ta’-hiu-ko?, the jugular vein.

ta’-hi u-sdo-zha, curve of the neck,
as the swan’s.

ta’-hiu-wa-shko?, tonsil.

ta’-hiu-wa-shko" ni-e, a very sore
throat; tonsillitis.

ta-hno”-ga, a striped squirrel.

ta-hno™-ga-gthe-ge, a chipmunk.

Ta/i-ni-ka-shi-ga, same as No”’-po2-
da; Deer People.

ta-i’-tse, they shall.

ta i tsi" da, they shall. Ritual ex-
pression.

ta-ki"’-de, base of the sinews; the
sacrum.

Ta ki’-thi-xa-bi, (moon) in which the
deer rut: October.

ta’-ko, divine; sacred.

ta-ko’ i2-da, mysterious it is.

ta-ko”’, sinew. The sinew made from
deerskin was used for sewing.

ta-ko"-ho®, sinew twist, used in sew-
ing.

Ta-ko”-i-ge, No-sinews. Personal
name. Refers to the black bear
that has no sinews.

ta-ko’-i-dse, the fleshy part of the
hip; the haunch; (2) the cords at
the back of the neck.

ta-mi’-ga, a female deer; a doe.

ta mi*-kshe, I shall. Ritual expres-
sion.

138

ta-mo™, an angleworm; earthworm.

ta-ni’, soup; broth.

ta-no”’-k’a, paper of any kind.

ta-no™ -k’a-ci—ta-no"-k’a, paper; Gi,
yellow: a gold certificate.

ta-no™-k’a-gka, a draft; a money
order (white paper).

ta-no™ -k’a-cka xo-dse, a gray draft
or money order. This was used
by the Indians to express the name
of a draft or money order, owing
to the gray cast of the paper,
when they received either from
the Government.

ta-no™-k’a-hi, paper tree; the birch
(Betula).

Ta-no™ -k’a-hiu-gthe ga-xa, Pawnee
head Creek. At this place the
Osage killed a Pawnee and stuck
his head on a pole. This is also
the name of a creek in Okla-
homa, Paper Tree Creek or Birch
Creek.

ta-no™ -k’a-k’o"—ta-no"-k’a, paper;
k’o", gamble or a game: a deck
of cards; playing cards.

ta-no”-k’a mo*-ce-cka—ta-no"-k’a,
paper; mo"-ce-cka, money: a check.

ta-no™-k’a to-ho—ta-no"-k’a, paper;
to-ho, green; green-paper-money:
currency.

ta-no™ -k’a
paper.

ta-no"-k’a xo-dse, gray paper, so
called because of the gray cast to
the paper with which the Indians
were paid by the Government.

ta-no™-k’a zhi-"ga—ta-no"-k’a, pa-
per; zhi"-ga, small, little: cigarette.

ta’-no®-ta’-stse-e, long-eared deer;
mule deer.

Ta-pa’ (Om. same), Deer Head. The
Osage name for the Pleiades. In
the child-naming ritual of the
Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens the
Pleiades is addressed as grand-
mother, and is paired with the
Great Bear, called (Wa’-ba-ha by
both Osage and Omaha), who is
addressed as grandfather.

ta’-pa-hu-zhu, neck; deer’s neck.

ta-pa’wa-gthu-shka e-go", resem-
bles a deer tick; a cartridge.

we-bi-shda-ha, sand-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

Ta-pa’ zho-i-ga-the, Deer-head or
Pleiades people. The name of a
subgens of the Ho® Zho’-i-ga-the
gens; acts as Sho-ka to both itself
and the gens.

ta-pe’-shta e-go", beef hind quarters.
Looks like the forehead.

ta’-pshe, pemmican. Both the Osage
and the Omaha prepare this from
jerked lean meat of any kind,
roasted and pounded, then mixed
with marrow grease. In former
times this was prepared for use
in long-distance travel. Prepared
in this way, it is a great conven-
ience for lunches.

ta’-pshe o®-cu, I like pemmican.
ta’-pshe thi-cu, you like pemmican,
ta’-pu-¢cka, a school-teacher.
ta’-pu-cka wi-ta u-xta a-gi-the, I
like my school-teacher.

Ta’-pu-cgka tsi, Mission House
(School).

ta-shka’ gkiu-e, sweet acorn.

ta-shka’-ckiu-e hi, sweet acorn tree,
the oak family (Quercus alba).

ta’-shka hi, buckeye (Aesculus). A
kind of tea is made from this tree
and taken just before a sweat
bath to bring up bile. This is
also the name given to the white
oak tree.

Ta-shka’-wa, a personal name used as
a nickname given by the mother
to a young man because he was
always singing the song by that
name.

ta’-shpi, the end of a pole with a
knoblike tip.

ta’ ta-do-ka, venison; meat of the
deer.

ta’ ta-do-ka a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi® bi
a, venison is good to eat.
ta-tha’, to crumble; ruin.
tsi ga-ta-tha, the crumbling of a
house.

ta tha-bthi*, Three Deer; Orion’s belt.
In the child-naming ritual of the
Osage, Three Deer is addressed as
grandfather, and Stars-strung-to-
gether (theta and iota, in Orion)
as grandmother, suggesting a mar-
ital relation between the two.

LA FLESCHE]

ta’-tha-ga-pa, a wood tick.
ta-tha’-ta-zhi ho"-ba—ta, meat; tha-
ta, eat; zhi, not; ho®-ba, day; day-
not-eat-meat: Friday.
Ta-tha’-xi", Deer’s Lungs.
a gens.
ta-tho® ga’-gi, the meat is tough.
ta’tho® ga-ka, dsiu-dsa zhi ha, the
meat is uncooked.
ta’-thu-shu-zhe, the heron.
ta to”’-ga, big deer; a buck deer.
Ta-to™-ga-ga-xa, Buck Creek.
ta-to”’-ga zhi"-ga, a young male deer.
ta-to’-xa, foam; froth; soapsuds; saliva.
ta-tsi"-da, you will. (From a ritual.)
ta’ u-ga-tsi, broiled beef, or jerked
meat.
ta’-u-gtho", meat pie.
ta’-u-kia-ho" u-gtho", meat-put-be-
tween; sandwich.
ta’-u-ko"-cka, center meat, lies on the
stomach of the buffalo, a great
delicacy; the pancreas.
ta’-wa-gthu-shka, stag-beetle. The
deer hunter fastens to his hunting
pouch a stag beetle for good luck
when the deer-hunting season
begins.
ta-wa’-hi-o", rawhide case used for
clothing and for the storage of
jerked meat.
Wa-tho", Deer Songs. These
songs are sometimes spoken of as
Ta Gi’-bo" Wa-tho", Songs of
Calling the Deer. These are the
first of the songs composed for
the war rites and have to do with
the search of plants which are
consecrated for the use of the
people as food. There are six of
these songs. The first has two
stanzas; the second song the sister
deer is calling to its mate; in the
third song the call is continued,
with a divining spirit by which
she sees one in the act of wounding
another; the fourth song the scene
is changed from the rush-covered
house to the woods; the fifth is
known as the Wa-pa’-dse Wa-
tho", the Butchering Song, which
represents the wounded Deer as
being butchered, and relates to

67025—32——10

Name of

Ta

OSAGE DICTIONARY

139

Ta Wa-tho"—continued.
the form in which the skin must
be cut; the sixth and last of these
songs has a subtitle, Wa-k’i2” Wa-
tho", the Carrying Song, and is
descriptive of the various scenes in
which the successful hunter finds
the fallen deer, and the throwing
of the animal upon his back,
carrying it to his home. The
Tsi‘-zhu Wa-shta-ge version of
these songs give seven in number
and are known as Wa-tho" Pe-
tho®-be, Song of Seven.

ta-we’-gthi i-zhe-gtho", fried beef.

ta’we-thi-xthi, the head of a deer.

ta-wo®-ga, a large doe, that looks like
a buck ready to grow horns.

Ta-xe’-wa-the xa bi, Where Ta-xe’-
wa-the is buried.

ta-xi’, a sound like the chopping of
wood.

ta-xpi’, crown of the head. Frequently
found in rituals.

ta-xpi -a-ga-ha, the waxwing.

ta’-xtsi, the real deer (archaic).

Ta-zhe’-ga, Deer’s-leg. Personal
name.

ta’zhu, flesh; meat.

te, in order that you may.

te’ it shta-tha-xu-be, probably the
Savannah sparrow. After a rain
this little bird perches itself on
a stalk of the gum weed, throws
its head and tail joyously, and
greets with its thrilling notes the
sunshine and the blue sky.

te-mo” -hi®, presternum cartilage that
covers the breastbone; the ensiform
appendage at the end of the stern-
um; it is sword-shaped.

te-zhe-be te o"-gu-ga’-ts’i", we
peeped in the door.

tha, they go forth.

tha, of which you make. (From a
ritual.)

tha-ba’-xe, to bite in two a string or
cord.

tha-be’-gi-the, to villify, defame,

slander; evil report.
btha’-be-gi-the, I defame.
shna’-be-gi-the, you defame.
o®-tha’-be-gi-tha i, we defame.

140

tha bi tho" shki, when they go to
war. (From a ritual.)
tha’-bthi", three.
tha’-bthi" no®-the, to deal out by
threes; three to each.
tha’-bthi" 0%, three times; thrice.
tha’-bthi® o* e-dsi pshi e tho, I have
been there three times.
Tha’-bthi®-wa-xthi", Slayer-of-three.
Personal name.
tha-btho”-btho®-ce, to make a pe-
culiar sound when chewing on
corn or any food.
Tha-giu’-e, Whistle. Personal name.
tha-cta’-be, to taste; to lick, as sugar
off a cookie.
btha’-cta-be, I tasted it.
shna’-¢ta-be, you tasted it.
o®-tha’-cta-ba i, we tasted it.
tha-¢cta’-go. (See tha-wa’-cka.)
tha-cu’-cu-e, a whistle made of elder
stalk. (See mo®-go’-dse.)
tha-do”-he, to exalt, extol, glorify,
praise.
btha-do®-he, I praise.
shda’-do®-he, you praise.
o®-tha’-do®-ha i, we praise.
tha-dse’ (Om. same), to call as by
name; to pronounce.
btha’-dse, I call by name.
shda’-dse, you call by name.
o®-tha’-dsa i, we call by name.
tha’-ge, to wear, as a cap.
btha’-ge, I wear (a cap).
shna’-ge, you wear (a cap).
o®-tha’-ga i, we wear (a cap).
tha-gthe’-gthe-cge, a coyote.
sho’-mi-ka-gi.)
tha’-gthi®, good.
ho tha’-gthi", a good voice.
ha-xi" tha-gthi, a good blanket.
tha-gthi", peaceful and _ beautiful.
Expression used in a ritual.
tha’-gthi®*, fine, as a fine horse.
tha’-gthi", nice; pleasing in manner;
a nice piece of goods.
tha’-gthi*, exceedingly good; splendid.
tha’-gthi® a-zhi., to think well of a
person or thing.
tha’-gthi™ a-gi zhi", he thinks well
of his own.
tha’-gthi® ge no® ba-hi, to select
only the good; to choose the
good; to pick out the good.

(See

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

tha’-gthi" ge no® ba-hi—continued.
tha’-gthi® ge no” pa-hi, I selected the
good.
tha’-gthi® ge no®™ shka-hi, you se-
lected the good.
tha’-gthi® ge no®
selected the good.
tha-gthi-xtsi, exquisite; perfection.
tha-gtho” -gtho"-tha, that part of an
animal that must be thoroughly
cooked (boiled) before it can be
eaten, being very tough. This
term is used when butchering.
tha’-ha, when.
a-ki e tha-ha, when I get home.
Thi-hi'-bi, Seared-up. Personal
name. Refers to the flight of the
deer from the hunter.
tha-hni’, to gulp or swallow.
btha’-hni, I swallow.
na’-hni, you swallow.
o®-tha’-hnii, we swallow.
ta tho btha-hni, I swallowed the
meat.
ta tho" sta-hni, you swallowed the
meat.
ta tho" 0®-tha-hni i, we swallowed the
meat.
tha-ho’-da, ridicule; deride; derision.
btha’-ho-da, I ridiculed.
shta’-ho-da, you ridiculed.
o2-tha’-ho-da i, we ridiculed.
tha-ho”, to express gratitude; thanks.
ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ka wa-ho’-a i ha, the
man expressed gratitude.
btha’-hon, I thanked him.
shna’-ho®, you thanked him.
o®-tha’-ho" i, we thanked him.
tha-ho”™-zhi, to defame; (2) defama-
tion; libel.
btha’-ho®-zhi, I defamed his charac-
ter.
shta’-ho®-zhi, you defamed his char-
acter.
o®-tha’-ho® ba-zhi i, we defamed his
character.
tha-k’e’-ki-the, self-pity; inward hurt.
tha-k’e-a-ki-the, I was inwardly hurt
(feelings).
tha-k’e-tha-ki-the, you pitied your-
self.
tha-k’e-o"-ki-tha i,
inwardly (feelings).
tha-k’e’-tha, holds in favor.

o®-ba-hi i, we

we were hurt

LA FLESCHE]

tha-k’e tha-bi go"-tha, a longing.
tha-k’e-the, to be tender, gentle, and
sympathetic to one who suffers
with grief or is in great trouble;
tenderness; kind-heartedness.
tha-k’e’-the, to relent; to be less
harsh in the treatment of a captive;
lenity; to be merciful.
tha-k’e’-a-the, I was merciful.
tha-k’e’-tha-the, you were merci-
ful.
tha-k’e’-o®-tha i, we are merciful.
tha-k’e’-the tha-gthi" a-zhi,
grate; an ungrateful person.
tha-k’e’ wa-the, to have pity or com-
passion for others.
tha-k’e’ a-wa-the, I pity them.
tha-k’e’ wa-tha-the, you pity them.
tha-k’e o®-wo"-tha i, we pity them.
tha-k’i’, to spit; expectorate.
btha-k’i, I expectorate.
sda-k’i, you expectorate.
o®-tha-k’i i, we expectorate.
tha-k’i bi a to®-de ke-di, he spit on
the ground.
tha-ki’e tha-ha, when you get home.
tha-k’i’-tha, to have an itching sensa-
tion.
a-ki’-gthi-k’i-tha, I have an itching
sensation.
tha-ki‘-gthi-k’i-tha,
itching sensation.
o2-ki’-gthi k’i-tha i, we have an
itching sensation.
tha-ki-the, caused yourself to be.
tha’-ki-zhi*, you quarreled with him.
tha-ni’-ka-shi-ga, to personify; to
represent a thing as having per-
sonal qualities.
tha-no”™-gi-hi, you scraped your feet
clean before entering the house.
tha-no”-¢po*, you nudged with your
foot to attract his attention.
tha-no”-he, the side of the head
around the temples.
tha-no”-ho® u-ba-zhu, cheek bone.
tha-no”™-zhi"-zho®, you took the rite
of vigil. (See no®’-zhi®-zho®.)
tha-pi -zhi, execrate.
tha-po’-po-ki, redwing _ blackbird.
This bird is mentioned in the
ritual of the birth of the sacred
hawk.

in-

you have an

OSAGE DICTIONARY

141

tha’-po"ga, a mosquito.
tha’-po"-ge u-tsi e-tho, mosquitoes
are plentiful.
Tha’-po"-ge-u-tsi, Mosquito River,
Okla.
tha-pshe’, to hold an object in the
mouth.
btha’-pshe, I held it in my mouth.
shda’-pshe, you held it in your mouth.
o®-tha’-psha i, we held it in our
mouths.
tha-shki’-ge, to chew.
btha-shki’-ge, I chew.
na-shki-ge, you chew.
o®-tha’-shki-ga i, we chew.
tha-pu’-ki, to make a
sound with the lips.
btha’-pu-ki, I made a smacking

smacking

sound.

shda’-pu-ki, you made a smacking
sound.

o"-tha’-pu-ki i, we made a smacking
sound.

tha-sho’-dse, whiff of smoke.
tha’-sho, to bite on something hard
and strain the teeth.
btha’-sho", I bit something hard.
shda’-sho", you bit something hard.
o*-tha’-sho"® i, we bit something
hard.
tha-shpe’ (Om. same), to bite off a
piece.
he-be btha-shpe, I bit off a piece.
he-be shda-shpe, you bit off a piece.
he-be 0®-tha-shpa i, we bit off a piece.
tha-shto”, to stop whatever one is
doing; used as a command.
btha-shto™, I stopped crying.
na-shto®, you stop crying.
o"-tha’-shto" i, we stop crying.
tha’-stse-ge, to make a gash in the
flesh.
btha-stse-ge, I gashed the flesh.
shna-stse-ge, you gashed the flesh.
o2-tha-stse-ga i, we gashed the flesh.
tha’-stsu-tse, to draw into the mouth
by inhalation.
btha’-stsu-tse, I inhaled (the smoke)
through my mouth.
na-stsu-tse, You inhaled through the
mouth.
o*-tha’-stse-tsa i, we inhale through
the mouth.

142

tha’-ta, the left; on the left; left-
' handed. (Om. same.)
tha-ta’-dsi, at the left side.
tha’-ta ta u-ba-he, toward the left
side; the left side.
tha-tha’-gthi", to reeommend a man
for his ability and character, or
quality of goods or merchandise;
to extol.
btha’-tha-gthis, I recommend.
shna’-tha-gthi", you recommend.
o®-tha’-tha-gthi® i, we recommend.
tha-thi” -she, you who are going.
tha-tho” -a-zhi, to decry; to belittle.
btha’-tho® mo®-zhi, I decry.
shta’-tho® a-zhi, you decry.
o®-tha’-tho" ba-zhi i, we decry.
tha-thu’to", to straighten with the
teeth.
btha’-thu-to", I straighten with my
teeth.
shda’-thu-to", you straighten with
the teeth.
o®-tha’-thu-to" i, we straighten with
the teeth.
tha-to”, to drink; to quaff.
btha’-to®, I drink.
shna’-to", you drink.
0®-tha’-to™ i, we drink.
pe’-zhe mo®-ko" ¢a-e btha-to., I
drink tea.
pe’-zhe mo"-ko" ¢a-e shta-to", you
drink tea.
wa-btha’-to", I drank.
wa-shda’-to®, you drank.
o2-wo"-tha-to® i, we drank.
tha-to”-ho", to masticate; to chew
thoroughly.
btha’-to"-ho, I chew thoroughly.
na’-to"-ho", you chew thoroughly.
o®-tha’-to™-ho" i, we chew thor-
oughly.
tha-to"-she, standing.
ual.)
tha-tse’, to eat.
btha’-tse, I eat.
sta’-tse, you eat.
o"-tha’-tsa i, we eat.
tha-tse’tha-gthi", delicious; good to
eat.
tha-wa’, to reckon; to compute; to
count.
btha’-wa, I count.
shta’-wa, you count.
o®-tha’-wa i, we count.

(From a rit-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109 _

tha-wa’-cka, to make a clear state- —
ment.
btha’-wa-cka xtsi, I made a clear
statement.
shta’-wa-cka xtsi, you made a clear
statement.
o®-tha’-wa-cka xtsi i, we made a clear
statement.
tha-wa’-ko"-da, to deify; to worship.
btha’-wa-ko®-da, I worship.
na’-wa-ko®-da, you worship.
o®-tha’-wa-ko"-da i, we worship.
tha-wa’-ko"-da-gi, to represent a
sacred object as having supernat-
ural powers.
tha-wa’-ti® i" a-zhi, not easily heard;
inaudible; (2) he did not mention it.
tha-wa’-to"-i", to divulge; to make
known something that was to be
kept a secret.
da’-do" a-a-no®-xthe tse btha-wa-
to»-i ha, I divulged the secret.
da’-do® a-tha-no®-xthe tse shna-wa-
to®-i" ha, you divulged the secret.
da’-do® o2-ga-no®-xthe tse o-tha-
wa-to"-i i, we divulged the secret.
tha-wa’-u-mo"-ka, that which can
be counted; numerable.
tha’ -xi, the lungs.
tha’-xia-tha, the act of cutting down
a tree with an ax, having the same
effect upon the tree as when the
beaver uses his teeth.
tha’-xi", the lungs of a man or an
animal.
tha-xi*’, the drying up of a well;
receding of a flood.
tha’-xi"-bi-ce, dried-up lungs: con-
sumption.
tha-xo", to break by biting.
btha’-xo, I broke by biting.
shna’-xo", you broke by biting.
o®-tha’-xo" i, we broke by biting.
tha-xta’-ge, to bite.
btha’-xta-ge, I bite.
shta’-xta-ge, you bite.
o*-tha’-xta-ga i, we bite.
tha’-xtho®-zhe, to crush with the
teeth.
btha’-xtho®-zhe, I crush with my
teeth.
shta’-xtho"-zhe, you crush with your
teeth.
o®-tha’-xtho®-zha i, we crush with
our teeth.

LA FLESCHE]

tha-xu’-e, dragged with his teeth.
btha’-xu-e, I dragged it with my
teeth.
shda’-xu-e, you dragged it with your
teeth.
o®-tha’-xu-a i, we dragged it with our
teeth.
tha’-zhi, to remain.
btha’mo®-zhi, I remain.
sda’zhi, you remain.
o"-ga’-tha ba-zhi, we remain.
tha’-zhi ga-xe, to detain.
tha’-zhi pa-xe, I detained (him).
tha’-zhi shka-xe, you detained (him).
tha’-zhi o®-ga-xa i, we detained
(him).
tha-zho”-tha, crumbs.
tha-zhu’-zhi, to insult by word; to
speak of one with contempt.
btha’-zhu mo®-zhi, I insulted him.
shta’-zhu-zhi, you insulted him.
o®-tha’-zhu ba-zhii, we insulted him.
the, use them. Term used in cere-
monial ritual.
the, an oral stop used by females.
wi"-dse-gi a-gthe the, uncle I am
going home.
the, this.
the, moving. Term used in ceremo-
nial ritual.
the’-a-ba, these; with reference to
people or animals.
the a-ka, this (person) sitting.
the a’-the, I send them. (From a
ritual.)
the’-ba, the under jaw; the jaw.
the’-ce, tongue.
the’-ce i-ta-xe, tip of the tongue.
the’-ge u-ba-ci-ge, to stutter; to
stammer; tongue-tied.
the-ce 0®-wo®-ba-ci-ge, I stutter.
the-ce u-thi-ba-ci-ge, you stutter.
shi»’-to zhi-ga to® the-ce u-ba-ci-ge,
the boy is tongue-tied.
The’-ce-xa-ga, Rough-tongue. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the rough
tongue of the buffalo.
the-’¢ka-gthe, a boil; carbuncle.
the’-dse-wa-¢pe, to settle.
the’-dse-wa-g¢pe, dregs; sediment.
mo®-ko® ga-be tse the-dse-wa-¢pe u-
tsi a-tho, there are dregs in the
coffee.
the’-e, he went.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

143

the e-a’-wa-kshe mi"-kshe o, that
is what I mean.
the e-go" mo”-thi" ta i tsi. da, in
this manner they shall travel.
(From a ritual.)
the ga, here; at this place.
mo®-zho? the ga, in this land.
the-ga’-ha, here; in this region; in
this neighborhood; local.
the-ga’-to", from this place.
the’-ga-xe, to send. (See the’-the.)
the’-pa-xe, I sent it.
the’-shka-xe, you sent it.
the’-o"-ga-xa i, we sent it.
the’-go®, like this; this kind.
the-go™-dsi, now; at the present
time.
the-go™-tha-zhi, no desire to go.
bthe’-ko"-btha mo*-zhi, I do not
want to go.

ne’-shko2-sda zhi a, you do not want
to go. -

o*-ga’-the o®-go"-tha ba zhi i, we do
not want to go.

the go™-dsi u-gthi® a-ka, incum-
bent; the present occupant of the
house.

the go" -dsi-xtsi, now, at this present
time; instantly; at once.

the ho®, how will this serve?

the it do, to be going.

bthe’ i do, I am going.

ne’ i? do, you are going.

o*-ga tha i" do, we are going.

the’-kshe, this that lies here:
gun, this pipe.

the’-no®, this much.

the’-no® a-bthi" ha, I have this much.

the no”, he always.

the’-o"-the, let us send him.

the’-shka, the throat.

the’-shka wa-hiu, collar bone.

the’-shka u-xthu-xa, the hollow of
the throat.

the’-shki-do", and this also.

the’-ta-sho" (Om. same), the navel;
umbilicus.

the’-tha-to"-she, you standing over
there.

the’-the, to send; to transmit.

John wa-gthe-ce-wi® the-the a-ki-the
Henry thit-ke. dsi, I had John
send a letter to Henry.

the-a’-the, I send.

this

144

the’-the—continued.
the-tha’-the, you send.
the-o"-tha i, we send.
the’-thi.-kshe. (See tho™-dsi.)
the’-tho, here at this place.
the’-tho o®-tha-ki-pa te ha, meet me
at this place.
the’ tho®-cka, this size.
zho™-ga-gu-we the’tho®-cka wi® ko»-
btha, I want a box this size.
the tho" shki, when he goes.
the’-tho-xtis, here at this very place.
the’-to", this: this person, standing.
the-to” -ha the-the, henceforth; from
now on.
the-to™ -ha the-the e-de pshe tse e-go™
ko®-btha ha, from now on do as I
say.
the’ -tse, this, as referring to the object
close at hand.
tsi the-tse, this house standing.
tsi’-zhe-be the-tse, this door hanging.
the’-tse gi-wa-tse-xi, hesitate; hesi-
tancy.
ha-to® the’-tse thi-wa-tse-xi
why do you hesitate?
the’-tse ki-gthi shto", he is deter-
mined to go.
the-tsi’-go, your grandfather.
the’xo"-de, the cheeks.
the’-xo"-de u-¢ta, a dimple, or sunken
cheeks.
the’-xo"-dse hi*, whiskers.
the’-xo®-dse-hi" gi-gtha ts’u i ha, he
cut off his whiskers.
the’ zho®-kshe, you lying down.
thi-a’-ge, to uncover; to remove the
cover of a tent or the lid of a box.
zho™ -ku-ge tse bthi-a-ce, I uncovered
the box.
zho”’-ku-ge tse ni-a-ce, you uncovered
the box.
zho’-ku-ge tse 0®-thi-a-¢a i, we un-
covered the box.
thi-a’-dsi a-ka ts’a bia, your father
has died.
thi-a’-xa, to uncover a person’s face;
to remove a blanket from a per-
son’s face.
bthi’-a-xa, I removed the blanket
from his face.
ni’-a-xa, you uncovered his face.
o®-thi’-a-xa i, we removed the blanket
from his face.

a(?)

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

thi-ba’-ts’i., to turn a thing head
downward; upside down.

bthi’-ba-ts’i, I turned it upside
down.

shni-ba’-ts’i7, you turned it upside
down.

o®-thi’-ba-ts’i" i, we turned it upside
down.

thi-ba’-xe, to break a string in half.
bthi-ba’-xe, I broke the string in two.
shni-ba’-xe, you broke the string in
two.
o®-thi’-ba-xa i, we broke the string in
two.
thi-be’-bthi", to twist.
bthi’-be-bthi", I twist.
ni’-be-bthi", you twist.
0®-thi’-be-bthi" i, we twist.
thi-be’-ni, to bend.
bthi’-be-ni, I bend.
ni’-be-ni, you bend.
o®-thi’-be-ni i, we bend.
thi-biu’ce, to make dry by wringing
the water out of clothing; the
drying of a marshy place by
draining.
thi-bo’ -xa, to bristle up, as does the tail
of a cat when angry.
thi-ctu’-the, gathered in folds.
thi-btha’, to spread a robe or blanket.
ha-xi®” tho® bthi-btha, I spread a
blanket.
ha-xi” tho® stsi-btha, you spread a
blanket.
ha-xi tho" o®-thi btha i, we spread
a blanket.
thi-btha’-ge, to tear skin, cloth, or
paper by pulling.
ha-cka’tho® bthi-btha-ce, I tore the
cloth.
ha-cka’tho" stsi-btha-ce, you tore the
cloth.
ha-¢ka’tho” o0®-thi-btha-¢a i, we tore
the cloth.
thi-btha’ge, same as shi’be thi-ta-the.
thi-bthi’-bthi*-tha, in a twisted
shape; a tangled mass.
thi-bthi™-tha, to twist, as a person’s
foot or leg.
a-no™-bthi-tha, I twist.
tha-no®-bthi2-tha, you twist.

thi-bthu’-bthu-xe, to tremble or
shake with fear; to shudder with
cold.

A FLESCHE]

thi-bthu’-bthu-xe—continued.
bthi’-bthu-bthu-xe, I tremble.
ni’-bthu-bthu-xe, you tremble.
o®-thi-bthu-bthu-xa i, we tremble.
thi-ga’-da, to stretch, as to pull a
lariat so that it is taut.
bthi’-ca-da, I stretch.
ni‘-ca-da, you stretch.
we’-thi® bthi-ca-da, I stretched the
lariat.
we’-thi® stsi-ga-da, you stretched the
lariat.
thi-ga’thu, to rattle or make a rattling
sound.
bthi’-ca-thu, I made a rattling sound.

ni‘-ga-thu, you made a rattling
sound.

o®-thi’-ca-thu i, we made a rattling
sound.

thi’-ga zhi, to reject.
bthi’-ca mo®-zhi, I reject.
ni‘-ca zhi, you reject.
o®-thi-ca ba-zhi i, we reject.
thi-ge’, to cut, as with scissors; or to
pick flowers or berries.
bthi’-¢ge, I cut with scissors.
ni’-ce, you cut with scissors.
o®-thi’-ca i, we cut with scissors.
thi-ci’-hi, to scour; to cleanse by
rubbing; make bright.
bthi’-gi-hi, I scour.
ni‘-ci-hi, you cleaned by rubbing.
o®-thi’-ci-hi i, we made it bright.
thi-gi’-tha, to distend.
bthi’-ci-tha, I distended (the bag).
ni’-ci-tha, you distended (the bag).
o®-thi’-ci-tha i, we distended (the
bag.)
thi-cke’-be, to scrape anything.
bthi’-cke-be, I scrape a piece of wood.
ni’-cke-be, you scrape a piece of wood.
o®-thi’-cke-ba i, we scrape a piece of
wood.
thi-cki‘, men or animals gathered
closely together.
thi-cki’-da, to tie something tightly;
to make an indentation.
thi-cno” -tha, to rip; to undo a seam.
bthi’-gno®-tha, I ripped the seam.
ni‘-cno®-tha, you ripped the seam.
o®-thi’-cno®-tha i, we ripped the
seam.
thi-go"-ga e-a’-wa-kshe, I meant
your brother.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

145

thi-go™-tha, to turn; to reverse.
ha-xi2 tho" a-gthi-co"-tha ha, I
reversed my blanket.
ha-xi" tho" tha-gthi-¢o"-tha ha, you
reversed your blanket.

thi’-gpo”, to nudge, as to attract
attention without disturbing
others.

bthi’-gpo", I nudged him
ni’-g¢po", you nudged him.
o®-thi’-gpo" i, we nudged him.
thi-da’-ts’e-ga, to cause green plants
to wither by rough handling.
thi-da’-zhi, to put out a fire with the
hands; to put out a light.
bthi’-da-zhi, I put the fire out.
ni’-da-zhi, you put the fire out.
o2-thi’-da-zhi i, we put the fire out.
thi-do’-do-xe, to crush with the hands
or break in pieces.

bthi’-do-do-xe, I crush with my
hands.

ni’-do-do-xe, you crush with your
hands.

o®-thi’-do-do-xa i, we crush with our
hands.

thi-do™, to pull with the hands; to tug.
bthi’-do® a-wa-shko®, I tugged hard.
ni‘-do" wa-tha-shko", you tugged
hard.
o2-thi’-do® 0®-wa-shko® i, we tugged
hard.
o2-thi’-do" i ha, he or they pulled me.
thi-dsa’-pa, to shorten a dress, the
sleeves of a dress, or a pair of
leggings.
bthi’-dsa-pa, I shortened the dress.
ni’-dsa-pa, you shortened the dress.
o®-thi’-dsa-pa i, we shortened the
dress.
thi’-dse, to scoop something from a
hollow place.
bthi’-dse, I scoop.
ni’-dse, you scoop.
o2-thi’-dsa i, we scoop.
thi’-dsi, yonder; in the distance.
thi’-dsi to®-i7 this kshe e-e to®-wo"
tho, yonder is the town.
thi-dsi’-ge, to remove some object as
unpleasant or disagreeable; to
remove a man from office.
bthi’-dsi-gce, I removed him from
office.

146

thi-dsi’-ge—continued.
ni’-dsi-ge, you removed him from
office.
o®-thi-dsi-¢a i, we removed him from
office.
thi‘’-du-xe, to crush with the hands.
bthi‘-du-xe, I erush with my hands.
ni’-du-xe, you crush with your hands.
o®-thi-du-xa i, we crush with our
hands.
thi’-e, you; thou.
thi-e ha’-to" shki e-she do", when-
ever you say.
thi-e ha‘’-to® shki do" bthe te e-she
do® e-go® ta-te ha, whenever you
say I will go.
thi-e no, yourself.
sion.
thi’-e tha to" she a(?) is it you
standing there?
thi’-e thit kshe a(?) is it you sitting
there?
thi-e’-zhi, to make a change in one’s
plan, or in the making of some-
thing; (2) to pervert.
bthi’-e-zhi, I changed my plan.
ni’-e-zhi, you changed your plan.
o®-thi’-e-zhi i, we changed our plans.
thi-e’-zhi, perversion.
thi-e’-zhi-no"-tho*, to diversify, to
change, to variegate; the change
of tints or colors.
bthi’-e-zhi-no®-tho®, I changed the
color.
ni’-e-zhi-no®-tho", you changed the
color.
o®-thi-e-zhi-no®-tho", we changed the
colors.
thi’-e zho" kshe a(?) is it you lying
there?
thi-ga’, to husk corn.
bthi’-ga, I husk corn.
ni‘-ga, you husk corn.
on-thi’-ga, we husk corn.
thi-gi’-dse, to creak; a sharp squeak-
ing sound, as of a loose board.
bthi’-gi-dse, I made a _ squeaking
sound.
ni’-gi-dse,
sound.
o®-thi’-gi-dsa i, we made a creaking
sound.

Ritual expres-

you made a _ creaking

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

thi-gi’-gi-xe, hilly; having many
ridges.
mo®-zho™ wi-ta tho® thi-gi’-gi-xe,
my land is hilly.
thi-gtha’-tha, to unravel, unbraid.
pa-xi™ bthi-gtha-tha, I unbraid my
hair.
pa-xi™ tho" ni-gtha-tha, you unbraid
your hair.
thi-gtha’-wa, to stretch a rope; to
stretch.
bthi’-gtha-wa we-thi"-kshe, I
stretched the rope.
shni’-gtha-wa —_we-thi®-kshe,
stretched the rope.
o*-thi’-gtha-wa i we-thi"-kshe, we
stretched the rope.
thi-gthe’-ge, to draw stripes.
bthi-gthe’-ce, 1 drew stripes.
ni-gthe’-cge, you drew stripes.
o®-thi’-gthe-¢a i, we drew stripes.
thi-gthe’-gthe-ce, the lightning that
breaks into branches (forked
lightning).
thi-gthi’-ce, to make striped marks.
thi-gthi’-gthi-e, radiant; sparkle;
sheen; glisten; shiny (like glass or
polished metal); (2) shimmer; a
bright unsteady light.
thi-gtho™, to court; to woo.
bthi’-gtho", I court.
shni’-gtho", you court.
o®-thi’-gtho" i, we court.
thi-gtho™-tha, to fail to get a good
hold.
bthi’-gtho®-tha, I failed to get a good
hold.
ni’-gtho®-tha, you failed to get a
good hold.
o®-thi’-gtho"-tha i, we failed to get a
good hold.
thi-gtho™-tha, to let a child drop to
the floor by accident.
thi-gtho”-the-ha, to expand; to
make larger.
bthi’-gtho*-the-ha, I made larger.
shni’-gtho®-the-ha, you made larger.
o®-thi’-gtho®-the ha i, we made
larger.
thi-ha‘-tsi, to remove a family from
one place to another.
bthi’-ha-tsi, I removed my family.

you

j
|

;

LA FLESCHE]

thi-ha’-tsi—continued.
ni’-ha-tsi, you removed your family.
o®-thi’-ha-tsi i, we removed our
families.
thi-hi’, to cause an animal to leave its
hiding place through fright.
bthi’-hi, I frightened the animal.
ni’-hi, you frightened the animal.
o®-thi’-hi i, we frightened the animal.
or
wa-dsu’-ta the bthi-hi, I frightened
the animal.
wa-dsu’-ta the ni-hi, you frightened
the animal.
wa-dsu’-ta the o®-thi-hi i, we fright-
ened the animal.
thi-hi’-da, base of a tree trunk; that
part of the tree nearest to the
ground.
thi-hi’-dse, to treat unkindly; mal-
treat; to persecute.
bthi’-hi-dse, I persecuted him.
ni’-hi-dse, you persecuted him.
o®-thi’-hi-dsa i, we persecuted him.
thi-hi’-dse pa-gthe, to reduce the
price of an article offered for sale.
bthi’-hi-dse pa-gthe, I reduced the
price.
ni’-hi-dse pa-gthe, you reduced the
price.
o®-thi’-hi-dse pa-gtha i, we reduced
the price.
thi-ho’-da, to impose upon; to play
a trick upon some one.
bthi’-ho-da, I imposed upon him.
ni’-ho-da, you imposed upon that
person.
o®-thi’-ho-da i, we imposed upon him.
thi-ho”’, your mother.
thi-ho”, to lift.
bthi’-ho», I lift.
ni’-ho", you lift.
o®-thi’-ho” i, we lift.
thi-ho” -ba, lightning.
thi-ho”-gi-the, to shift some object
from one place to another; to
make a change; to modify.
bthi’-ho*-gi-the, I shifted the object.
ni’-ho®-gi-the, you shifted the object.
o®-thi’-ho®-gi-tha i, we shifted it.
thi-ho™-gi-the tho" ta-zhi, inalien-
able; not transferable.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

147

thi-ho™-zhi, to demoralize; to cor-
rupt.
thi-i’-ga-wa, to open a door.
bthi’-i-ga-wa, I open the door.
ni’-i-ga-wa, you open a door.
o®-thi’-i-ga-wa i, we open the door.
thi-ka’-mo?®, to ring a bell.
bthi‘ka-mo®, I rang the bell.
ni’-ka-mo”, you rang the bell.
o®-thi’-ka-mo® i, we rang the bell.
thi-k’a-xe, the clicking, rattling sounds
as from the sharpening of a knife,
or from the rattling of plates, or
from the tail of a rattlesnake.
thi-k’a’-xe, he sounded the rattle.
(From a ritual.)
thi-k’i’, he gave to you.
wi-k’i’, I give to you.
o*-tha-k’i’, you give to me.
wa-tha-k’i’, you gave to us.
thi’-ki-shno’, bristling, as the radiant
rays of the sun (to the shiny points
on the arrow).
thi-k’i’-tha, to tickle.
bthi’-k’i-tha, I tickled him.
ni’-k’i-tha, you tickled him.
o®-thi’-k’i-tha i, we tickled them.
thi-ki’-tha-ha, to sunder; to rend
apart; (2) to sever; to disconnect;
to disjoint.
bthi’-ki-tha-ha, I disjoined it.
ni’-ki-tha-ha, you disjoined it.
o®-thi-ki-tha-ha, we disjoined it.
thi-kshi™-dse, failure to get a good
grasp or hold.
bthi’-kshi"-dse, I failed to grasp it.
ni’-kshi"-dse, you failed to grasp it.
o®-thi’-kshi=-dsa i, we failed to
grasp it.
thi-k’u’, to remove the entrails of an
animal.
bthi’-k’u, I removed the entrails.
ni‘-k’u, you removed the entrails.
o-thi-k’u i, we removed the entrails.
thi-ku’-ge, a cramp.
zhe-ga’ o®-thi-ku-ge, I have a cramp
in my leg.
zhe-ga thi-thi-ku-ge a, have you a
cramp in your leg?
zhe-ga’ wa-thi’-ku-ga __ i,
cramps in our legs.
thi-ku’-tha, your friend.

we have

148

thi-mo®, to whet; to sharpen.
bthi-mo", I whet.
ni’-mo®, you whet.
o®-thi’-mo", we whet.
thi-mo™ i ha, he is sharpening.
thi-mo”-gthe, to establish.
wa-gthe’-ce tsi wi" bthi-mo*-gthe
a-tha, I established a school.
wa-gthe’-ce tsi wi" stsi-mo*-gthe
a-tha, you established a school.
wa-gthe’-ce tsi wi" o®-thi-mo-gtha
i, we established a school.
thi-mo”-gthe, to institute; to estab-
lish; to originate.
bthi’-mo*-gthe, I originated it.
ni’-mo®-gthe, you originated it.
o®-thi’-mo"-gtha i, we originated it.
this, a man or animal moving about.
ni’-ka-shi-ga thi", the man moving
about.
sho™-ge this, the dog moving about.
thi -ga bi a, there were none.
thi»’-ge (Om. same), to have none;
nothing.
da’-do® o0®-thi»-ge, I have nothing.
da’-do® thi-thi2-ge, you have nothing.
da’-do" wa-thi"-ga i, we have nothing.
thi-ge’ hi, extinct; gone beyond
recognition; decreased.
thi’-ge a-hi a-ka, they have de-

creased in numbers. (From a
ritual.)

thi®-ge’-tsi-gthe, to vanish; to dis-
appear.

o*-thi»’-ge tsi-gthe, I disappeared.
thi-thi>’-ge tsi-gthe, you disappeared.
thi-ge’ wa-the, to exterminate; to

get rid of.

this-ge’ a-wa-the, I exterminated
them.

thi*-ge’ wa-tha-the, you exterminated
them.

thi"-ge’ o"-wa-tha i, we got rid of

them.

thi®-ha, move ye.

thi®-hau’, move quickly.

thi*-hau’, be sure; used at the end of
a sentence.

this-kshe, the (one)
ritual expression.

thi-kshe dsi, at the place where he
is sitting.

this-kshe no*, he was sitting or sits.

thi»’-she, as you move about.

sitting. <A

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

thi-pa’-ce, hair pulling.
bthi’-pa-ce, I pulled his hair.
ni’-pa-ce, you pulled his hair.
o®-thi’-pa-ca i, we pulled his hair.
o®-wo"’-thi-pa-ca i, we pulled their
hair.
thi-pa’-mo"-ki-dse, to make one
bend down by pulling the hair.
bthi’-pa mo®-ki-dse, I pulled his hair
and made him bend over.
ni’-pa-mo2-ki-dse, you pulled his hair
and made him bend over.
o®-thi’-pa-mo®-ki-dsa i, we pulled
their hair and made them bend
over.
thi-pi’-tha, to tear; to tear down a clay
bank (the act of an angry bull).
thi-pi’-zhi, damage; defilement; (2)
to spoil; to ruin by tearing, cutting,
or burning.
bthi’-pi-zhi, I ruined it by cutting.
ni‘-pi-zhi, you ruined it by cutting.
o*-thi’-pi-ba-zhi, we ruined it by cut-
ting.
thi-po’-e, a match (localism).
thi-pe-dse, a match (localism).
thi-po’-ki, a report, as from the firing
of a gun.
thi-sda’, to pull the grass until the
ground becomes bare; to pluck the
beard and eyebrows until the skin
becomes bare.
bthi’-sda, I caused the ground to
become bare.
ni‘-sda, you caused the ground to
become bare.
o"-thi’-sda i, we caused the ground
to become bare.
thi-sha’-e, to divest; to undress.
bthi’-sha-e, I undress.
ni’-sha-e, you undress.
o®-thi’-sha-a i, we undress.
thi-shi’-be, to open anything that has
a lid or a door.
bthi’-shi-be, I opened the box.
ni’-shi-be, you opened the box.
o®-thi’-shi-ba i, we opened the box.
thi-shi’-zhe, crooked.
bthi’-shi-zhe, I made the stick crook-
ed.
ni’-thi-shi-zhe, you made the stick
crooked.
o®-thi’-shi-zha i, we made the stick
crooked.

LA FLESCHE]

thi-shke, to untie a knot.
bthi’-shke, I untied the knot.
ni’-shke, you untied the knot.
o®-thi’-shka i, we untied the knot.
thi-shki’, to wash or wring one’s
clothes.
bthi’-shki, I wash my own clothes.
ni’-shki, you wash your clothes.
o®-thi’-shki i, we wash our clothes.
thi-shko”, to shake a sleeping man to
awaken him.
bthi’-shko®, I awoke him by shaking
him.
ni’-shko", you awoke him by shaking
him.
o®-thi’-shko" i, we awoke him by
shaking him.
thi-sho™, to dislocate by pulling.
bthi’-sho", I dislocated by pulling.
ni’-sho", you dislocated by pulling.
o®-thi’-sho" i, we dislocated by pull-
ing.
thi-shpa’-shpa, torn to pieces.
bthi’-shpa-shpa, I tore it to pieces.
ni’-shpa-shpa, you tore it to pieces.
o®-thi’-shpa-shpa i, we tore it to
pieces.
thi-shpe’, to break off a piece.
bthi’-shpe, I broke off a piece.
ni’-shpe, you broke off a piece.
o®-thi’-shpa i, we broke off a piece.
thi-shpi’, to shell corn.
bthi’-shpi, I shell corn.
ni’-shpi, you shell corn.
o®-thi’-shpi i, we shell corn.
thi-shton’, to make further claim to
property in controversy; to re-
linquish the claim or right.
bthi’-shto", I relinquish claim.
ni’-shto", you relinquish claim.
o2-thi’-shto" i, we relinquish claim.
thi-shto™, to stop; to finish.
bthi’-shto", I finished.
ni’-shto", you finished.
o®-thi’-shto*i, we finished.
thi-shto”-ga, to soften the skin by
working with the hands.
bthi’-shto"-ga, I softened the skin
with the hands.
ni’-shto"-ga, you softened the skin
with the hands.
o®-thi’-shto"-ga i, we softened the
skin with the hands.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

149

thi-shto” ga-xe,
employed.
thi-shto” pa-xe, I discharged him.
thi-shto” shka-xe, you discharged
him.
thi-shto™ o®-ga-xa i, we discharged
him.
thi-shto” gthe ga-xe, to release one
from confinement; to let one go
free who has been under arrest; to
liberate a captive.
thi-shto™ gthe pa-xe, I released him.
thi-shto” gthe shka-xe, you released

to discharge one

him.
thi-shto™ gthe o*-ga-xa i, we released
him.
thi-shu’-be, to open or unfasten a
door.
tsi’-zhe bthi-shu-be, I opened the
door.
tsi’-zhe stsi-shu-be, you opened the
door.
tsi’-zhe o®-thi-shu-ba i, we opened
the door.

thi-stse’-do®, long and curved.

thi-stse’-ge, to make a gash or slit.
bthi’-stse-ge, I made a gash.
ni’-stse-ge, you made a gash.
o®-thi-stse-ga i, we gashed it.

thi-stse’-stse-ge, to tear into shreds.

bthi’-stse-stse-ge, I tore it into
shreds.

shni’-stse-stse-ge, you tore it into
shreds.

0®-thi’-stse-stse-ga i, we tore it into
shreds.
thi-stsu’, to straighten; (2) to straight-
en an arrow shaft.
bthi’-stsu, I straightened.
ni’-stsu, you straightened.
o®-thi-stsu i, we straightened.
thi-stsu’-dse, to draw or pull off.
ho®-be’ a-gthi-stsu-dse, I pulled off
my moccasins.
ho®-be’ tha-gthi-stsu-dse, you pulled
off your moccasins.
thi’-ta, yours. Sometimes this is
spoken as thi-thi-ta, which has the
same meaning.
ka’-wa thi-ta, your horse.
tsi thi’-ta, your house.
zhi®-ga zhi2-ga thi-ta, your child.
thi-ta, a pigeon.
thi-ta ¢ka, a white pigeon.

150

thi-ta’-tha-zhi, intact; entire.
thi-ta’-the, to demolish, tear down,
destroy, disintegrate.
bthi‘-ta-the, I destroy.
shni’-ta-the, you destroy.
o®-thi’-ta-tha i, we destroy.
thi-tha’-gthi", to improve; to make
better.
bthi’-tha-gthi", I improved.
ni’-tha-gthi", you improved.
o®-thi’-tha-gthi"i, we improved.
thi-thi’-cki, to gather compactly
together.
bthi’-thi-cki, I gathered them com-
pactly.
ni‘-thi-gki, you gathered them com-
pactly.
o*-thi’-cki i, we gathered them com-
pactly.
thi-thi™-ge, to exhaust; to take all.
bthi’-thi-ge, I took all.
ni’-thi-ge, you took all.
o*-thi-thi»-ga i, we took all.
thi-tho’-to", to make straight that
which is crooked; reparation of a
wrong; (2) to regulate; to make a
rule by which to guide or to be
guided.
bthi-tho’-to", I regulate.
ni-tho’-to", you regulate.
o*-thi’-tho-to" i, we regulate.
thi-thu’-¢ga zhi, to spurn.
a-bthu’-ga mo*-zhi, I spurn.
tha’-ni-ca zhi, you spurn.
o*-thu’-ga ba-zhi i, we spurn.
thi-thu’-to", to straighten by manip-
ulation of the hands.
bthi’-thu-to", I straightened it with
my hands.
shni’-thu-to®, you
with your hands.
o*-thi’-thu-to" i, we straightened it
with our hands.
thi-to’-ge, make haste.
bthi’-to-ge a-gthe, I made haste.
shni-to’-ge tha-gthe, you made haste.
o*-thi’-to-ga i, we made haste.
thi-to", to touch with the hand; to
feel.
thi-to”, to touch.
bthi’-to", I touched it.
stsi‘-to", you touched it.
o*-thi-to" i, we touched it.
thi-to’-dse, your son-in-law.

straightened it

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

thi-to”’-tha, to roll.
bthi-to®’-tha, I roll.
ni’-to®-tha, you roll.
o®-thi-to®-tha i, we roll.
thi’-tsi, the ribs.
thi-tsi’-ni, your daughter-in-law.
thi’-tsi wa-hi (Om. same), rib bones.
thi-tsu’-shpa, your grandchild.
thi’-u-ba-he, lateral; toward the side;
(2) the side of a man or animal;
the side of any object; the side of
.the body.
thi-u’-dse do*, at the last part; when
all have gone.
thiu’-e-i-thu-g¢ta-ge, girth.
thiu’-e ni-e, pneumonia.
thiu’-e ni e o" bi o, he has pneu-
monia.
thi-u’-ga-e-btha, to diffuse, scatter,
spread all around.
thi’-u-mo2-ka, it shall be easy for
you to obtain.
thi’-u-pa-the, to learn; to acquire
knowledge; to understand.
bthi’-u-pa-the, I understand.
ni’-u-pa-the, you understand.
o®-thi’-u-pa-tha i, we understand.
thi’-u-pa-the a(?) do you understand
it?
thiu’-ta, mourning dove.
thiu’-we, the body, from the armpits
down to the hips; (2) the waist.
thi’-u-thi-xtho-k’a, the cavity of the
body.
thiu’-xe, willow tree; osier. The wil-
low tree is one of the symbolic
trees of the Osage. It symbolizes
immortality. The ceremonial
name for the willow is thiu’-xe
ts’a-zhi.
thi-wa’-shta-ge, to tame a horse; to
make a horse gentle; to domesti-
cate a horse or other animal. (See
thi-wa-tse-ga.)
bthi’-wa-shta-ge, I tamed the horse.
ni’-wa-shta-ge, you tamed the horse.
o*-thi’-wa-shta-ga i, we tamed the
horses.
thi-wa’-to*-i", to bring to light; to
unearth; to disclose; to reveal; to
denote.
bthi’-wa-to"-i", I disclosed it.
ni’-wa-to®-i", you disclosed it.
o®-thi’-wa-to®-i" i, we disclosed it.

LA FLESCHE]

thi-wa’-tse-ga, same as thi-wa’-shta-
ge.
thi’-wa-ts’e-ga, easy for you to at-
tain,
thi-wa’-xpa-thi", to impoverish; to
make poor; to reduce to poverty.
bthi’-wa-xpa-thi2, I reduced him to

poverty.

ni’-wa-xpa-thi", you reduced him to
poverty.

o®-thi’-wa-xpa-thi" i, we reduced him
to poverty.

thi-wa’-zhi® pi-zhi, to infuriate.
bthi’-wa-zhi® pi-zhi, I infuriated him.

ni’-wa-zhi® pi-zhi, you infuriated
him.

o®-thi’-wa-zhi" pi-zhi i, we infuriated
him.

thi-wi™, to buy; to purchase; to get
by exchange of money for article.
bthi’-wit, I purchase.
ni’-wi", you purchase.
o®-thi’-wi® i, we purchase.
tsi‘-tse bthi™-wit ta a-to™ hi o, I
will purchase a house.
tsi’-tse stsi"-wit ta tha-to® shi a?
will you purchase the house?
thi-wi” u-mo"-ka, cheap; easy to
buy.
wa-tse’ tho" thi-wi" u-mo®-ka, the
dress is cheap.
thi-wi™ wa-tse’-xi, expensive.
ta-cka zhi®-ga thi-wi® wa-tse’-xi bi
o, lamb is expensive.
Thi-xa’-ba-zhi, Not-chased. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the little
calf the hunter allows to escape.
thi-xa’-be, to flay; to strip off the
skin; to torture.
bthi’-xa-be, I stripped off the skin.
ni’-xa-be, you stripped off the skin.
o®-thi’-xa-ba i, we stripped off the

skin.
Thi-xa’-bi-a-ki-zhi”, Thinks-him-
self-chased. Personalname. Re-

fers to the fleeing buffalo even
when he is not pursued.
thi-xe’, to pursue; to chase.
bthi’-xe, 1 chase.
ni’-xe, you chase.
o®-thi’-xa i, we chase.
thi-xi‘, to arouse one from sleep; to
awaken.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

151

thi-xi’—continued.
bthi’-xi, I awakened him.
ni’-xi, you awakened him.
o®-thi’-xi i, we awakened him.
thi-xi’-tha, to pull to the ground.
bthi’-xi-tha, I pulled to the ground.
ni‘-xi-tha, you pulled to the ground.
o®-thi’-xi-tha i, we pulled to the
ground.
thi-xo™, to break a stick in half.
bthi’-xo2, I broke the stick in half.
ni’-xo", you broke the stick in half.
o®-thi’-xo"® i, we broke the stick in
half.
thi-xpi’-a-xe, oak balls. Children of
the Osage Tribe are fond of the
acid in the oak ball; it is found
in the skin of the ball. They are
good only when green.
thi-xpo™, to thaw out (with the hand).
bthi-xpo™, I thawed it out.
ni’-xpo®, you thawed it out.
o®-thi’-xpo® i, we thawed it out.
thi-xthe’-xthe-ge, to shatter glass or
other brittle substances with the
hand.
bthi’-xthe-xthe-ge, I shattered the
glass.
shni’-xthe-xthe-ge, you shattered the
glass.
o®-thi’-xthe-xthe-ga i, we shattered
the glass.
thi-xthi’-ge (Om. same), old; worn
out; useless for labor or wearing.
thi-xtho’-dse, to peel, as the peeling
of potato.
bthi’-xtho-dse, I peel.
ni’-xtho-dse, you peel.
o®-thi’-xtho-dsa i, we peel.
thi-xtho”-xtho", to rumple; to make
uneven folds in clothing.
bthi’-xtho®-xtho", I rumpled it.
ni’-xtho®-xtho", you rumpled it.
o®-thi’-xtho®-xtho" i, we rumpled it.
thi-xtho” -zhe, to smash or to squash,
as to smash ripe fruit; to pulverize.
bthi-xtho’-zhe, I smashed.
ni’-xtho®-zhe, you smashed.
o®-thi’-xtho®-dsa i, we smashed.
thi-xthu’, to exhume.
bthi’-xthu, I exhume.
ni’-xthu, you exhume.
o®-thi’-xthu i, we exhume.

152

thi-xthu’-dse, to pull the bark off a
tree; to peel with the bare hands.
bthi’-xthu-dse, I pulled the bark off.
ni’-xthu-dse, you pulled the bark off.
o®-thi’-xthu-dse, we pulled the bark
off.
thi-xu’, to scratch marks on rocks or
draw lines on paper.
bthi’-xu, I scratched a mark on the
rock.
ni’-xu, you scratched a mark on the
rock.
o»-thi’-xu i, we scratched a mark on
the rock.
thi-xu’-e, to drag something on the
ground.
zho® bthi-xu-e, I dragged the log.
zho® ni’-xu-e, you dragged the log.
zho"® o®-thi-xu-a i, we dragged the
log.
thi-xu’-we, to lead a horse to water;
to drag some dead animal by a
rope.
ka’-wa bthi-xu-we ni-dsi, I lead my
horse to water.
ka’-wa stsi-xu-we ni-dsi, you led the
horse to water.
thi-zha’-be, to peel the bark off a tree.
bthi’-zha-be, I peeled the bark off.
ni’-zha-be, you peeled the bark off.
o®-thi’-zha-ba i, we peeled off the
bark.
thi-zhi", to stretch the skins of small
animals.
bthi’-zhi*, I stretched the skins.
stsi’-zhi", you stretched the skins.
thi-zhi™-dse, to thrust a finger or arm
into a hole.
bthi’-zhi2-dse, I thrust my finger in
the hole.
ni’-zhi*-dse, you thrust your finger in
the hole.
o®-thi’-zhi dsa i, we thrust our arms
into the hole.
thi-zhi”-ga xtsi do" wa-ni-xe, you
married when you were very
young.
thi-zho”-zho", to arouse a person
from a sound sleep by roughly
shaking him,
bthi’-zho®-zho®, I aroused him by
shaking roughly.
ni‘-zho"-zho®, you aroused him by
shaking roughly.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109 —

thi-zho*®’-zho»"—continued.
o0®-thi’-zho®-zho® i, we aroused him
by shaking roughly.
thi-zho’-zhi, to cause suffering by
humiliating.
bthi’-zho-zhi, I suffered from humili-
ation.
ni’-zho-zhi, you suffered from humili-
ation.
o®-thi’-zho-zhi i, we suffered from
humiliation.
thi-zhu-a’-zhi, to injure; hurt; to do
bodily harm.
bthi’-zhu mo2-zhi, I hurt him.
ni’-zhu-a-zhi, you hurt him.
o®-thi’-zhu ba-zhi i, we hurt him.
thi-zhu’-e, to hull; to take off the
outer coating of grain, nuts, etc.
bthi’-zhu-e, I took off the shell.
ni’-zhu-e, you took off the shell.
o®-thi’-zhu-a i, we took off the outer
shell. ‘
tho, in his presence. (From a ritual.)
tho-a’-ba zhi, disappear; get out of
sight.
tho’-da, peace; peaceful.
ni’-ka-shi-ga ba tho-da_ ki-the
wa-pa-xe, I caused the people to
be peaceful.
ni’-ka-shi-ga ba tho-da ki-the wa-
shka-xe, you caused the people to
be peaceful.
tho’-da o*-ki-tha i, we are peaceful
toward one another.
tho’-da-ki-e, reconcile; reconciliation.
tho’-da ni-ka-shi-ga, a man of peace.
tho’-da-the, to be on friendly terms
with another person; peaceful rela-
tionship between two tribes; (2)
reciprocity.
tho’-da wa-ga-xe, to bring about
peace between two contending
factions in the tribe.
tho’-da wa-pa-xe, I brought about
peace.
tho’da wa-shpa-xe,
about peace.
tho’-da o®-wa-ga-xa i, we brought
about peace.
tho’-da wa-ts’e-the, homicide; mur-
der; the taking of human life in
times of peace.
tho’-da wa-ts’e-a-the, I committed
murder.

you brought

LA FLESCHE]

tho’-da wa-ts’e-the—continued.
tho’-da wa-ts’e-tha-the, you com-
mitted murder.
tho’-da wa-ts’e-tha-tha i, we com-
mitted murder.
tho’-da wa-ts’e-the shton, murderer.
tho’-da-zhi, not peaceful; hostile;
inimical.
tho-e, in haste.
tho’-ha, almost.
tho’-ha a-gthi bi a, it is almost time
for them to come home.
tho’-ha zho"-i-he, to doze.
tho’-ha a-zho"-i-he, I dozed.
tho’-ha tha-zho®-i-ha, you dozed.
tho’-ha 02-zho" i ha, we dozed.
tho-ka’-thi", stripped to the waist;
without a blanket.
tho"-ba’, two.
tho"-ba’ da—tho*-ba, two; da, born;
two-born: twins.
tho®-ba’ ha, in two parts.
tho"-ba’-ha ga-xe—tho®-ba-ha, in
two parts; ga-xe, to make: to halve;
to divide equally in two parts.
tho®-ba’ no®-the, two at a time; two
to each person; two by two.
tho®-bi-o”, twice.
tho”’-dse, heart.
tho” -dse-ba-he, side of a house.
tho”’-dse ba-he e’-to®-ha, even if it

(From a ritual.)

be as tall as your house. (From
a ritual.)
tho”-dse ba-shto"-ga, nausea; sick

stomach.

tho®’-dse o®-ba-shto"-ga, I am nau-
seated.

tho»’-dse thi-ba-shto"-ga, you are
nauseated.

tho”-dse ga-gi, hard-hearted; stingy.
tho” -dse i-o*, a longing for something
one was obliged to leave behind;
not able to take.
tho-dse ni-e, heartache.
tho»’-dse a-ni-e, I have a pain in

my heart.
tho™’-dse thi-ni-e, you have a pain in
your heart.
tho™-dse o"-a-po-po-ki, a heart
throb.
Tho”-dse to"-ga, Big-heart. Per-

sonal name.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

153

tho”’-dse u-thi-xi", a membranous
bag that surrounds the heart; heart
sac; the pericardium.
tho”-dse u-tha-cgo", heart excite-
ment; to thrill.
tho”’-dse wa-he-he—tho-dse, heart;
wa-he-he, easily touched: quick
tempered.
tho»’-dse wa-he-ha i ha, he is quick
tempered.
Tho” -dse-wa-hi,
sonal name.
tho"-dsi, when.
tho"-dsi, at that place.
co"-dse’ she tho-dsi, at
forest.
tho® dsi’, at the.
tho®-dsi, past time; some previous
date.
tho-ka’, they.
tho"-ka’ dsi, where are.
ni’-ka-shi-ga_ tho-ka’
those men are.
tho"-ta’, apt to.
tho®-ta’, fitting; (2) possible; (3) they
shall. (From a ritual.)
tho"-ta’-zhi, not apt to.
ritual.)
tho”’-ta-zhi, not possible.
bthe tho®-ta zhi, it will not be pos-
sible for me to go.
ne’-tho®-ta zhi, it will not be possible
for you to go.
o®-ga’-the-tho®-ta zhi, it will not be
possible for us to go.
Tho’-tho*, Peoria Indian.
tho2-tse’, suitable; appropriate; con-
venient.
tho®- zha’, nevertheless.
tho” -zha, though; but; because of.
bthe’-ko"-btha tho*’-zha gi o”-ni-e,
I want to go but I have a sore foot.
tho*’-zhi-the, refrain from action; to
forbear.
tho»’-zhi a-gi-the, I refrained from
action.
tho»’-zhi tha-gi-the, you refrained
from action.
tho*’-zhi o*-gi-tha i, we refrained
from action.
tho’ thi*-kshe, present; sitting with.

Bone-heart. Per-

yonder

dsi, where

(From a

154

tho’-tho, oily; greasy; (2) a stain.
wa-tse tho" tho’-tho a-tha-ha a-gi-

pa-xe, I made my dress greasy.

tho’-to", present or standing.

tho’-to", in the middle of the heaven.
(From a ritual.)

tho’-to"-bo-ga, to set up straight;
vertical, as one places a post in
the ground.

Tho’ -to®-gthi-no®-zhi,
right. Personal name.

tho’-to"no"-zhi",to stand up straight;
to be erect.

Stands-up-

tho’-to™ a-no*-zhi", I stand up
straight.
tho’-to® tha-no™-zhi", you stand

erect.

tho’-to"-tse, upright; perpendicular.

tho’-xe, archaic name for buffalo bull.
This is the animal that gave the
people the corn and the squash.
It is the name of the Buffalo Bull
gens.

tho’-xe-gi, the yellow willow or sacred
tree.

Tho’-xe Pa-thi-ho", Tho’-xe Lift-
your-heads. A sacred name.
thu-¢a-zhi, to renounce; to disown;

to reject.
bthi-ga mo*-zhi, I reject.
shni-ga a-zhi, you reject.
o®-thu’-¢a ba-zhi i, we reject.
thu-ge’, cut; to cut a string or piece
of cloth with scissors.
bthu’-ce, I cut with scissors.
ni’-cge, you cut with scissors.
o*-thu’-ca i, we cut with scissors.
thu-ge’, to take; to receive or accept.
bthu’-ce, I take.
ni’-ge, you take.
o®-thu’-ca i, we take.
thu-gi’, the pit of the arm.
thu-dse’, to scoop food from a hollow
place, as marrow from a bone.
bthu’-dse (sometimes bthi’dse), I
scooped the marrow from the bone.
ni’-dse, you scooped marrow from
the bone.
o®-thu’-dsa i, we scooped marrow
from the bone.
thu-e’, suddenly. When used in rituals
the word means quickly.
thu-e’ xtsi, promptly; now; at once.
thu-e xtsi a-tha bi a, he went at
once.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

thu-ka’-thi", naked; nude; to be
without a blanket or clothes. f
bthu-ka-thit bthe, I went without ©
a blanket. )
nu’-ka-thit shne, you went without —
a blanket.
the-ka’-thi® o*-ga-tha i,
without a blanket.
thu-shke’, to loosen; to untie.
bthu-shke, I untied it.
ni’-shke, you untied it.
o®-thu’-shka i, we untied it.
thu-shta’, to pluck, as a fowl.
bthu-shta, I pluck.
ni‘shta, you pluck.
o®-thu’-shta i, we pluck.
mi-xa thi-ke ni’-shta a(?) did you
pluck the goose?
ciu-ka zhi-ga thi2-ke bthu shta, I
plucked the chicken.
ciu-ka zhi-ga this-ke stse-shta, you
plucked the chicken.
thu-ta’-the, to tear down a house.
tsi tse bthi’-ta-the, I tore down the
house.
tsi tse ni’-ta-the, you tore down the
house.
tsi tse o"-thi’-ta-tha i, we tore down
the house.
thu-ts’a’-ga, unable; inability to do;
(2) failure to do a thing; work left
unfinished.
bthu’-ts’a-ge, I failed to do it.
stsu-ts’a-ge, you failed to do it.
bthe’-ta-te bthu-ts’a-ge, I am unable
to go.
ne’-ta-te ni-ts’a-ge a-tho, you are
unable to go.
o»-ga’-the o®-thu-ts’a-ga bi a-tho, we
are unable to go.
thu-ts’a-ge sho" a-ka, he has yet
failed to complete the work.
Thu-ts’a-ga-bi, Hard-to-catch. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the wari-
ness of the eagle.
thu-ts’a-’ge ga-xe, to make to stop;
to thwart.
thu-ts’a’-ge pa-xe, I made it stop.
thu-ts’a’-ge shka-xe, you made it
stop.
thu-ts’a’-ge o®-ga-xa i, we made it
stop.
thu’-xe-gi, yellow willow; a tree that
symbolizes continuity of life; the
staff of life.

we went

LA FLESCHE]

thu-zha’, to wash.
bthu’-zha, I wash.
ni’-zha, you wash.
o®-thu’-zha i, we wash.
ti-dse’, the sound of a drum or the
thud of many feet.
ti-thu’-zha, to scrub the house.
ti-thu’-zha tse wa-ci-hi ga-xa o0(!)
you must scrub the house clean!
to-ba’-the, shattered; pulverized.
to’ ga-be—to, green; ga-be, black—
black-green: blue.
to’-ge, catfish. The catfish is used by
both the Osage and Omaha for
food.
to’-cka, the sapsucker.
to’-gkiu, belch.
a-to’-ckiu, I belched.
tha-to’-ckiu, you belched.
to’-dse-xi-be, the windpipe of an
animal, not an article of food; a
term used in butchering.
to’-gtho*, to haul; to carry from one
place to another.
to-a’-gtho2, I haul.
to’-tha-gtho", you haul.
to’-o®-gtho" i, we haul.
to’-go"-tha a-gthi, it was all I could
do to get home.
to-hno”-ge, otter. The Osage and
the Omaha used the otter skin
for making ornamental caps, qui-
vers, collars, etc. The Omahas
used the skin of the otter when it
was fresh for divining powers.
The fur traders dealt extensively
with these two tribes for otter
skins.
to-hno”-ge wa-tha’-ge,
cap.
to’-ho, green or blue.
to’-ho-¢a-be, blue (blue-black).
to’-ho e-go, like blue or similar to
blue or green.
to’-ho-ho, bluebird.
to’-ho-xo-dse, a bluish gray.
to’-ka no®-zhi", men who stand erect

otter-skin

(archaic).
to", the; the one standing; he who is

standing.
ni’-ka-shi-ga to", the man who is

standing.

67025—32——11

OSAGE DICTIONARY

155

to", to possess.
a’-to", I possess.
tha’-to", you possess.
o”’-to™ i, we possess.
to", to stand, as a man, woman, or
horse.
To”, Fall of the year.
to” -a, large; big.
to"-a’-to", the large one.
to” -de, ground.
to -de da-pa, round hills.
to™-de shko®. (See mo®-zho-shko?.)
to” -do®, in the fall of the year.
to” -dse, the earth or ground; prairie
without trees.
to™-dse-gi, of or belonging to the
prairie. The meadow lark is found
on the prairie.
to"-dse gi’-wa-zhi"-ga, birds of the
prairie lands.
to®-ga’ (Om. same), big; large.
ta to®-ga, large deer.
to"-ga, the great. (From a ritual.)
Frequently this is contracted to
toa.
to"-ga’ to", the large one (standing).
(From a ritual.)
to” -i? (pronounced ti"), visible; read-
ily seen.
mi o®-ba a-ka shi to™-i" bi o, the
moon has again become visible.
to®-i", a snipelike bird living along the
shores in great flocks; the sand-
piper; (2) a woodcock.
to®-in” a-wa-ku-dse, I shot a wood-
cock.
to®-i", curlew (ordinary). The song
of this bird is distinctly heard in
the sunshine that follows a rain-
storm, and the hearts of the people
are gladdened because they know
from the song that the storm is
over and that a clear sky is coming.
to®-i" a-zhi, invisible; not visible;
not to be seen.
mi’-o®-ba to®-i2 a-zhi, the moon is
invisible.
to" in da, paused to rest.
ritual.)
To” -i2-kshe, Moon-returned-to-sight.
Personalname. Refers to the new
moon.

(From a

156

to"-i"-pa e-go", like the bill of a
snipe. The war club was made
with a knot and iron spike that has
a close resemblance to the snipe.

to®-i™-pa-stse-e, the long-billed cur-
lew. This bird figures in the
peace rites as a symbol of the
unclouded sky. Its early morning
cry signals the coming of a peace-
ful day.

to®-i" to"-ga, big or large sandpiper.

to®-i? zhi"-ga, a long-legged, slender-

bodied bird, living near the shores;
snipe.

mi’ pa-ho"-gthe kshe, first
month of autumn—September.
to" no®, the standing. (From a ritual.)
to®-pshe, sausage. This is made from

the tenderest part of fresh meat
and the intestines of the buffalo.
It is well seasoned with pepper
and salt; before it is inserted in the
casing, water is put in and both
ends are tied.

to*”’-pshe sho-de btho*,
sausage.

to” -the, to dress or tan skins.

to®-a’-the, I dress skins.

to” -tha-the, you dress skins.

wa-ha to’-a-the mi kshe o, I am

tanning the skins.

wa-ha to®-tha-the mi kshe 0, you are

tanning the skins.

to”’-thi", to run; the running of a two-
legged animal.

a-to™-bthi", I run.

tha-to™-ni, you run.

o®-to®’-thi® i, we run.
to®-to”-tha, to reel about like a

drunken man; to amble or shuffle
along.

to"-to»’-tha bthe, I shuffle along.

to"-to»’-tha stse, you shuffle along.

to®-to™-tha o"-ga-tha i, we shuffle
along.

to"-wo®, a town or city.

to®’-wo® gi bthe, I am going to town.

to™’-wo® gi stse, you are going to

To"

smoked

town.
to”’-wo® gi o®-ga-tha i, we are going
to town.
to” -wo" a-be-to® wa-do-be, to

move around a camp or village; to
make a survey for an attack; to
reconnoiter.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

To” -wo"-ga-she, Taker-of-towns.
Personal name.

To”™-wo"-ga-xe, Village-maker.
sonal name.

to™-wo"-gtho", the common name for
the gens.

to”-wo"-gtho" ki-thi-to®-ga_ ki-
gtho®-ge, to intermarry; marriage
of people from two villages.

to" -wo"-gtho® u-ki-pa-tse, a village
group.

To®-wo”-i-hi, Arrives-at-the-village.
Personal name.

to” -wo" ko"-ha kshe, at the edge of
the town; suburb.

Per-

to”’-wo" ko"-ha kshe dsi a-ti-ha,
I live in the suburb,
to™-wo" ni-i-thi-ge te, the town
pump.
To”-wo"® Thi-xthi-ge, Old Village
Site.

to"-wo” tho"-di ti ta-tha u-tsi, the
ruins of the town.

to”-wo" zhi"-ga, a small town; a

hamlet.

-wo" Zhi»-ga, Little Village.
An old village of the Osage on the
Neosho River, near the mouth of
Wa-gthu’-shka i-a bi (a creek).
to-sni -gthe e-go", colors of the rain-

bow; rainbow-like; iridescent.

to-sni’-gthe ke i-tha-the, I saw a

rainbow.

To’-thi-xtho-dse,
Personal name.

to-xthi”-shka, a small finchlike bird;
a towhee.

to’-zho"-ge, the fruit of the papaw
tree, much liked by the Osage
Indians.

to’-zho® hi, papaw (Carica papaya).
The bark of this tree is used for
thread. It is a sacred tree. The
fruit is used for food. This was
also the site of the eighteenth
camp of the first buffalo trail.

to’-zhu, fish bait.

to’-zhu du-ba o-k’i o(!) give me

some fish bait.

ts’a-ge’, old age, a term applied to
people and horses.

ts’a’-ge, father-in-law.

ts’a’-ge u-thu-ce this-he hi, a
weakness of mind due to old age;
dotage.

Tow

Potato-peeler.

LA FLESCHE]

ts’a’-ge zhi®-ga, an old man.
tsa-gthe’-zhe zhi®-ga, a young deer;
a fawn.
ts’a’-the, sour, like the taste of green
gooseberries.
ts’a’-to®-ga—ts’a, a contraction of
we-ts’a, snake; to®-ga, big: Satan.
The Osage did not know the name
of Satan till the missionaries came.
ts’a’-zhi—ts’a, dies; zhi, not—dies-not:
clubs (playing cards).
ts’a zhi, that dies not.
ritual.)
ts’a’-zhi, the cross; crucifix.
tse, bison. The bison was valued by
both the Osage and the Omaha for
its hide, meat, and sinew. The
hides were used for robes, mocca-
sins, and tents. The bison figured
prominently in the myths and
tribal rites of both Osage and
Omaha. The hair was used by
the Osage for making the woven
bags for the outer shrines of their
sacred hawk, the symbol of the
courage of the warrior. Many of
these portable shrines may be
seen in the Heye Museum, New
York, and some in the National
Museum, Washington, D. C.
tse, shall or will go.
tse, the buffalo cow.
ts’e, to die; decease; demise; defunct;
(2) to swoon; to faint.
a-ts’e’, I faint.
tha-ts’e’, you faint.
o*’-ts’a i, we faint.
tse a’, when asked to.
tse-a’, shall.
tse a-ba u’-sha-zhi bi o,
are very scarce.
tse-a’-ga-sdo-de, the foreleg of a
buffalo; a term used when butcher-
ing.
Tse-a’ ko®, this is doubtless a corrup-
tion of Tse-tho®-ka, buffalo back.
It is the name of a subgens of the
Tse-do-ga I»-dse gens; acts as
Sho’-ka for itself and the gens.
tse a-tha, we bid you.
tse-ba’-ce, udder of a buffalo.
tse’-biu-k’a, frog.
tse’-biu-k’a-mo"-ta hi, frog arrow-
wood (Amorpha fricticose).

(From a

buffalo

OSAGE DICTIONARY

157

tse’-biu-k’a ni-zhiu a-xa, the frog
that croaks for rain.

tse’-biu-k’a-pa gthe-ce,
striped head.

tse’-biu-k’a to®-a, the bullfrog.

tse’-biu-k’a xo-dse zhi"-ga, the gray
little frog.

tse’-biu-k’a zhi*-ga, the young frog.

tse-btha’-xe, a bat.

tse’-ce, abdomen; the belly.

tse’-ce btha-ce, hernia; rupture.

tse’-ge gtho"-the—tse-ce, stomach;
gtho®-the, large—large-stomach:
portly.

tse’ -cge-hi2-tha-dse, girth; the band or
strap for fastening a pack or
saddle to a horse, sometimes called
the bellyband.

tse’-ce ni-e, stomach ache.

Tse’-ce-to"-ga, Big-belly. Personal
name. Refers to the great size of
the bull.

tse’-ce xu-e, a wheezing from the
chest or stomach.

Tse-gir’-dse, Buffalo-tail.
name,

tse-ci*’-dse u-ba-do®, the coarse tuft
of beardlike hair that grows on the
breast of the turkey cock.

tse’-cka (Om. same), white buffalo;
domesticated cattle.

tse-cka’ a-ba gi-cu bi a ni-cki-the

ca-gi, cattle like rock salt.

tse-cka’ ci-ha, hoof of an ox.

tse-cka’ git-de ta-ni thi-gu a, you
like oxtail soup.

tse-cka’-do-ga, steer; bull.

tse-c¢ka’-ho-to", the lowing of cattle.

tse-cka’ mi-ga—tse-cka, white buf-
falo; mi-ga, female: domestic cow.

tse-cka’-mi-ga we-da-tha-zhi ga-
xe, to spay a cow.

tse-cka’ mi-ga zhi®-ga, a heifer.

tse-cka’-ts’e-the, the slaughter of
beeves.

tse-cka’ u-mo®-thi", a cattle ranch.

tse-cka’ wa-no*-bthe, cattle feed;
fodder.

tse’-cka we-gthi—tse-¢ka, cattle; we-
gthi, grease: tallow.

tse’-cka zhi®-ga, a calf.

tse’-cka zhi*-ga ta, meat of calf;
veal.

tse’-cko®, perhaps; it might be.

frog with

Personal

158

Tse-co"-wi", White-buffalo-woman.
Female personal name.

Tse-do’-a-mo®-i®, Walking-bull. Per-
sonal name.

Tse-do’-a Ni-ka I-no®-zhi wa-tho®,
Songs of the Rising of the Buffalo
Men. This group of four songs
in the Six Songs of the Tsi’-zhu
tribal division is very descriptive.
The first refers to the rising of
the mysterious power; the second,
to the bulls speaking to one
another of a mysterious command
directing them to proceed; the
third song is the abiding faith of
the No*-ho -zhit-ga that the
Mysterious Power will for all
time continue the gift of the buf-
falo which supplies the people
with food, shelter, and clothing;
the fourth song is descriptive of
the actions of the young bull
when attacking the enemy.

Tse-do’-a-to"-ga, Big-bull. Personal
name.

Tse-do’-a-zhi"-ga, Little-bull.
sonal name.

Tsi-do’-ba, Four-lodges. Personal
name. Refers to a war party that
attacked four lodges and killed all
the inhabitants.

Tse-do’-ga, Buffalo-bull.
name.

tse-do’-ga, buffalo bull.

tse-do’-ga a-ka no” -pe-wa-tha bia,
the buffalo was dreadful.

Tse-do’-ga gi-shi-bi, Moon when the
buffalo bulls regain fat: June.

Tse-do’-ga-i"-dse, Buffalo-bull-face.
Personal name.

Tse-do’-ga I*-dse, Buffalo-bull-face-
people. Refers to the Tsi’-zhu
Wa-no", a name adopted by the
people for their gens.

Tse-do’-ga mo"-no®-xa bi, when
the buffalo bulls rut: the month
of June. Different persons among
the Osage have a different version
as to this month.

tse-do’-ga pa-xi", the hair of the
head of the buffalo.

tse-do’-ga xi*-ha, hide of the young
buffalo.

Per-

Personal

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109
Tse-do’-ha, Buffalo-hide. Personal
name.
Tse-do’-ha, Buffalo-bull-hide. Per-
sonal name.
tse’-do", the great lake. (From a
ritual.)

tse-do’ zhi®-ga, a young buffalo bull.

tse-dse’-xe, bladder.

tse-dsi’, there at that place.

tse’-ga, recently; anew; early; (2) new,
as a new blanket, a new robe.

tse’-ga a-gthi bi a, he has come
recently.

ts’e’-ga, to be crazy, insane; mentally
unsound; demented; (2) a dolt; a
dunce; a crank.

tse’-ga gi-ka-xe, to repair or to renew
a house or property.

tsi tse tse-ga-a-gi pa-xe, I repaired
the house.

tsi tse tse-ga-tha-gi shka-xe, you
repaired the house.

tsi tse tse-ga o*-gi-ka-xa i, we re-
paired the house.

Tse’ -ga-mo"-i", Goes-in-new-plumage.
Personal name. Refers to the
young eagle.

tse’-ga no*, newly grown; just grown
to maturity.

tse’-ga-xtsi, fresh; new.

tse’ -ga-xtsi-dse, inchoate; incipient.

tse’-ha-ba, shell spoons.

Tse-ha btho-ga gi-xa bi, where they
cached their raw hides; Cowskin
(Shoemaker), a tributary of the
Neosho River.

tse’-ha-i-tsi, buffalo-skin tent.

tse-ha’-wa-gthe, a rawhide shield.

tse-ha’-wa-gthe zhu-dse, red shield
(ceremonial). After a desired num-
ber of straps have been made the
man conducting the ceremony
begins to make the red _ shield
(tse-ha-wa-gthe zhu-dse) out of
the remainder of the hide from
which the straps have been cut,
using as a measure the thumbs
and fingers in such a manner as
to form a circle, which is the de-
sired size of the shields. These
diminutive shields are painted red,
the color of the reflection of the
sacred fire against the darkened

LA FLESCHE]

tse-ha’-wa-gthe zhu-dse—contd.
heavens; they are supposed to be
thus imbued with supernatural
power drawn from the sky by the
fire; these powers will make the
warriors invulnerable to the ar-
rows of the enemy. The shield
is worn on the breast, suspended
by a slender thong that passes
around the neck.

tse-he’-ku, a buffalo-horn spoon.

tse-he’-we-ga-xu, to scarify with a
buffalo horn: a_ bleeding cup.
Bleeding was common, and still
is, among the Osage for headaches
and other congestions.

tse-he’-xo-dse, a young buffalo with
gray horns; one whose horns are
not yet turned black with age.

tse-he’ zhi®-a, a cup.

ts’e hi’-gthi", to fall into a fit o
spasm.

tse-hi™, buffalo hair. Narrow woven
bands of buffalo hair are used for
belts and armlets, for straps for

tying bundles, and for. sacred
articles.

Tse-hi™-tha-ge, Wearer-of-the-buf-
falo - hair - headband. Pers onal
name.

tse-hi"’-tha-ge, a headdress made of
yarn of various colors, worn like a
turban. This headdress was made
of buffalo hair before the introduc-
tion of colored yarns by the traders.

To’-ho-ho-e, Blue-fish. Persona]
name.

Tse’ -ho"-ga-wi*, Sacred-buffalo-wom-
an. Female personal name.

tse’ ho-wa-i"-ge, walking stick (bug);
tse, buffalo; ho-wa-i*-ge, where are
they. When a child catches a
walking stick it squeezes it between
his fingers and asks, ‘‘Where are
the buffalo?”’ Then the little bug
will point straight ahead, to the
right or to the left, and thus the
child gets the answer to his
question,

tse i2 da, they must be.

tse’-i"-gthe, buffalo dung.

ts’e’-ki-the, the killing of one’s self;
suicide.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

159

Tse ki’-thi-xa bi, the moon when the
buffalo rut: the month of July.

ts’e kshe, a corpse; the deceased.

Tse-mi’-gi, Brown-buffalo-woman;
Yellow-cow. Female personal
name.

tse mi’-ga, female buffalo; a cow.

Tse-mi -xtsi, Real-buffalo-woman.
Female personal name.

tse-mi” -xu-g a, a hermaphrodite buf-
falo.

Ts’e-mo?-i*,
sonal name.

tse-ni -xo"-xo®, tripe.

tse-ni’-xo"-xo" tha-tse a-gu shna a-
tha, I like tripe.

Tse-no”-ca Kshi-xa-bi ga-xa, where
a trench was built for buffalo.
The buffalo were so plentiful at
one time that frequently when
they stampeded they rushed
through the Osage villages, injur-
ing many of the people; for pro-
tection against them a deep trench
was built around the village.
This is the site of Beaver Creek,
Okla.

tse-no”-dse, buffalo heart.
used for food.

ts’e-o"-ga thi.-ge mi*-kshe, I am
not a fool; I am not an idiot; I am
not crazy.

tse-pa’-hi, the neck of a buffalo.
This is a term used when butcher-
ing.

Tse-pa-u-thi"-ge, Holder-of-the-buf-
falo-head. Personal name. Re
fers to the butchering of the first
buffalo found.

tse-pa’-xe-no"-ta (Om. same),
diaphragm.

Tse-pa -zhi"-ga,
Personal name.

tse-pi’, liver.

tse-pi’-gi, buffalo gall bladder; (2)
liver gall.

tse-pi -stse-dse, the long liver; spleen.

tse’-pi-tha to®-ga, dragon fly. This
figures prominently in the Osage
rites. It is said to watch over the
vows of the candidate for initia-
tion into the mysteries of the tribal
rites. The moment the candidate

Walks-in-death. Per-

Seldom

the

Little-buffalo-head.

160

tse’-pi-tha to®-ga—continued.
violates his vows the dragon fly
lets drop the penalty that hangs
over the head. This is a symbol
of the Mi-k’i" Wa-no® gens.
tse-shi’-be, intestines.
tse-shi’-be u-ba-gi-gi-zhe, the small
intestines.
tse-shi’-be u-¢gka, the white entrails
of the buffalo; butchering term.
tse-shi"’-shi™-e, nighthawk. A sym-
bol of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-no® and
the Tse-do’-ga i-dse gentes.
ts’e tha, some one has killed (it).
tse-tha’-xi (Om. te-tha’-xi), buffalo
lungs. Not used.
tse’-the, to kindle a fire.
tse’-a-the, I kindled the fire.
tse’-tha-the, you kindled the fire.
ts’e’-the, to slay; to destroy by kill-
ing; to dispatch.
ts’e’-a-the, I slay.
ts’e’-tha-the, you slay.
ts’e’-o"-tha i, we slay.
tse-the’-a-gthi*, a cycle; bicycle.
tse-the’-ce, buffalo tongue, sliced,
smoked, and dried. (Om. same.)
tse’-the wa-tho®, Fire making song.
This is the last of the series of songs
relating to the kindling of the
sacred fire within the mystic
house, and refers to the constant
upkeep of the fire that it may nat
be extinguished.
ts’e’-the wa-tse-xi, difficult to kill;
invulnerable.
tse-thi’-tsi, buffalo ribs. When the
hunters return in the evening
from the chase, the men of the
family immediately pick out the
buffalo ribs and proceed to roast
them for the evening meal. The
women busy themselves slicing
the meat for jerking until called
by the men to share in the roast
ribs. At such times the men do
most of the cooking.
Tse’-thi-tsi, Buffalo-ribs.
name.
ts’e-tsi’-gthe, fit; convulsions.
ts’e-tsi’-gthe to®-be, he fell in a fit.
Tse-u’-ga-gi-xe, the name of a cir-
cular lake, one of the camping
places of the Osage trail toward

Personal

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL, 109

Tse-u’-ga-gi-xe—continued.
the buffalo country. The lake
was so named because is was
nearly round, like a ring, and
almost closed.

tse’ u-zho"-ge, a buffalo path.

Tse-wa-hiu, Buffalo-bones. Personal
name.

tse’-wa-shi", buffalo fat.

tse’-wa-the (Nelumbo lutea.) The
root of this plant is gathered and
used for food among the Osage.
Both men and women gather large
quantities of it and store it away
for winter use. It is eaten either
raw or boiled. The seeds are also
eaten (raw). In taste the meat of
the seed is not unlike the chestnut.
This plant is given a place in the
rites, and is regarded as a sacred
food. Its common name is water
chinquapin.

ts’e’-wa-the, to kill them.

ts’e-a’-wa-the, I killed them.
ts’e-wa-tha-the, you killed them.

tse wa-tho", Buffalo songs. It is the
custom at the singing of these songs
to bring those who are to be in-
structed in the use and meaning
of the symbolic face painting.
The songs of this group belong
to the gens called Tho’-xe (archaic
name for Buffalo Bull). There
are six songs in this group. The
first relates to corn planting, the
growth of the corn, and the joy
resulting from the harvest; the
second song relates to the com-
pletion of the ceremonial planting
of the corn; the third song bears a
subtitle U’-we Gi-do®-be wa-tho2,
Song of Viewing the Field, and
pictures the women looking for-
ward with faith to the maturity
of the corn which they have
planted and the day of fulfillment
of their duty and the day of harvest;
the fourth song represents the
women hastening to the field, and
upon arrival shows their delight at
the beauty of the broad field, gray
with blossoms before them; the
fifth song is the buffalo song; and
the sixth song is to the hunters

LA FLESCHE]

tse wa-tho®"—continued.
who hasten to the chase, but find
others have outstripped them and
are nearing their homes, laden
with the products, who point to
them with surprise.
wa-tho"®, Buffalo songs. There
are three songs in this group, being
the Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge version.
The first implies a response to the
call of the people to the animals
to come forth from the unseen
to the visible world, in bodily
form; in the second the people
are represented as speaking, and
appear joyful at the response; the
third relates to the corn, which,
with the buffalo, is given an
important place in the ancient
tribal rites. These songs show
that the animal and the plant
were the objects of continued
supplications and symbols of mys-
terious power.
tse-wa’-tse, inner muscle of the thigh.
tse-wa’ -tse u-ga-wa, the inner muscle
of my thighs. (From a ritual.)
ts’e wa-tse-xi mi-kshe, I am difficult
to be overcome by death. (From
a ritual.)
tse’-wa-xa-ga, buffalo bur; cocklebur;
of the burdock family (Xan-
thium).
tse’ -wa-xa-ga to"-ga, cactus.
tse’-wa-xa-ga zhi®-ga, little buffalo
bur; the sand bur.
Tse-wi'-ho®-ga, Buffalo-sacred -cow.
Female personal name.
tse-xe’, the open prairie.
ritual.)
tse’-xe, kettle; a pot for cooking;
(2) a tin pail.
tse’-xe a-thi-be-ci", the rim of a
vessel.
tse’ -xe-cka, tin cup.
tse’-xe i-ko®-the, a kettle pole.
tse’-xe i-ko"-the—tse’-xe, kettle; i-
ko-the, handle—kettle-handle:
pot-hanger.
tse-xe-k’i"-no"-ho®
as i-wa-tsi.
Tse’-xe-k’i" Pa-ho"-gthe, leader of
the Kettle Carriers. Twodivisions,
the Tsi’-zhu and the Ho»-ga, select

tse

(From a

wa-tho", same

OSAGE DICTIONARY

161

Tse’-xe-k’i2 Pa-ho®-gthe—continueds
two warriors from each division to
serve the Ceremonial Mourner
during his period of fasting.
These four men are called Tse-xe-
k’i2 Pa-ho™-gthe. They make the
forked stake upon which the
Do-do*®’-ho®-ga hangs his pouch
and ceremonial pipe when he is at
rest. They also decide the length
of time the Do-do-ho®-ga is to
take the No*’-zhi®-zho™ (fasting)
rite.

tse’-xe-ni, tomtom; drum.

Tse’-xe Ni-ka-pu, the sacred earthen
pot. After four stones have been
placed in proper position within
the fireplace, the Sho-ka is com-
manded to bring forth the sacred
earthen pot and place it on the
stones. When the pot is on the
stones the Sho’-ka puts water in
it and then drops therein the
mystic foods. The common belief
concerning this ceremony is that
some mysterious power is given
the food cooked in this sacred
earthen pot, a power that can
reach the enemy and render them
incapable of resistance when at-
tacked.

Tse’-xe-ni u-e, Drum Creek, Kans.
Here a treaty was made.

tse’-xe-ni-zhi*-ga, a small drumlike
piece; a tambourine.

tse’-xe pa-hi, neck of a kettle; a
kettle spout; the nose of a kettle.

tse’-xe-pa-hi wa-hu-sta — tse’-xe,
pot; pa-hi, sharp or pointed;
wa-hu-sta, small: a coffee pot.

Tse’-xe to"-ga, Bed of Big Lake.
This was the eighth and _ final
camp of the third buffalo trail.
They had now reached the buffalo
country, having gone more than
30 miles from the former (seventh)
camp. The location was near
Ni-hni-bo-shta or Shooting
Springs.

Tse-xe’ to"-ga, Big Prairie.

tse-xi, hardship, dangers, I have lived
to avoid.

tse’-xo-be, aspider. This is used as a
symbol of the Ho*’-ga U-ta-no.-

162

tse’-xo-be—continued.
dsi gens. Women having been
accorded the honor have this sym-
bol tattooed on the back of both
hands. Like the Ho”-ga U-ta-
no®-dsi, the spider symbolizes the
earth.
tse’-xo-be ga-be, black spider.
tse’-xo-be zhe-ga, spider legs.
tse’-xo-be e-go®, spiderlike.
tse’-xtha-tsi, raspberries.
tse’-xtha-tsi a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi® bi
a, the raspberries are good to eat.
tse’-xu-be gthe-¢e, striped spiders.
tse’-xu-be hiu stse e—tse’-xu-be,
spider; hiu, legs; stse-e, long—
long-leg-spider: tarantula.
tse’-xu-be hiu stse-e a-ba wa-tha-
xta-ge te mo"-ko® pi-a-zhi bi a, the
bite of a tarantula is poison.
tse’-xu-be zhi*-ga, the little spider.
tse’-zhe, to urinate.
tse-zhe’-ga u-gka, the white muscle
of the hind quarter of beef.
tse’ -zhe-ni, urine.
tse’-zhe-ni-u-zhi, urine pouch; the
bladder.
tse’-zhe tsi i thi"-ge, the desire to
urinate.
tse zhi"-ga, little buffalo; unborn calf.
Tse-zhi™-ga-wa-da-i", Playful-calf.
Personal name. Refers to the
playfulness of a buffalo calf.
Tse-zhi*-ho*-ga, Sacred-buffalo-calf.
Personal name.
tse zhu’, side meat of a buffalo; term
used when butchering.
tsi, to come; has come.
a-tsi, I have come.
tha-tsi, you have come.
o*-ga-tsi, we have come.
thi-to”’-ge tsi a(?), has your sister
come?
thi-to”’-ge tsi ta the a(?), is your
sister coming?
tsi, come; having come to the door.
(From a ritual.)
tsi, house; dwelling; hovel.
tsi wi-ta, my house.
tsi’ thi-ta, your house.
tsi-a’-bi-shta-be, plaster for the coat-
ing of the walls of a house; the
work of plastering a house.
tsi a-ka ga-gi bi a, the house is solid.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

tsi a’-mo"-shi, in the upper part of
the house.

tsi a-to” i do, I have or possess a
house.

tsi’ -bo-xe, a conical tent; a tipi.

ni -ka-shi-ga wi" tsi’-bo-xe thi mo2-
gthe a-ka wa-to®-be ha, I saw a
man put up a tipi.

tsi-da’-ge, the rear of the house.

tsi -da-ge u-ba-gu, outer corner of a
house.

tsi’-da thi"-ge, the burning up of a
house.

tsi’-o®-da thi®-ge, my house burnt up.
tsi’-thi-da this-ge ha, your house
burnt up.

Tsi’ da-xthi., House Burned Down
(Clermont’s house).

Tsi-do’-ba wa-tho" ga-xa, Branch
where Tsi-do-ba sang; that is, was
initiated into a degree of the
tribal rites; Rock Creek.

tsi’-ga, in this house. A short phrase
used at the end of every line in a
tribal ritual.

tsi’ ga-xa, the title of a war party
organized without the elaborate
ceremonies required in a war party
composed of warriors of the whole
tribe which is called Do-do*-hiu-
to-ga, Large War Party.

tsi’ ga-xa-to"-ga pa’-wa-thu-ce, tak-
ing the head of an enemy while
with a large party (an o’-do®).

tsi’-ga-xa wa-tse’-gthi, winning first
honor in the Tsi’-ga-xa or small
war party. (One of the six o’-do®.)

Tsi’-ge-shi, The Osage name for the
Chickasaw Tribe.

tsi gi’-ga-xe, to repair or rebuild a
house.
gi’-ka-xe wa-tho", Songs of
making the mystic house. This
was in the keeping of the Wa-ca’-be
gens; in this song they are repre-
sented as speaking. There are
two songs in the group.

tsi-go, symbolic man (grandfather).
This was a term of respect used
among the Osage.

tsi’-go-a-bi ki-gto, legislature; con-
gress.

tsi’-go-a-bi-ki-¢to a-ka a-hi gthi"
a-ka e-tho, Congress is now sitting.

tsi

LA FLESCHE]

Tsi’-go-a-bi Pa-ho"-gthe wa-xe’
thit-kshe, the tomb of the first
President, Mount Vernon, Va.

tsi'-go-a-bi to"-wo" kshe wa-thi-
wi" u-mo®-ka, in the. great
father’s city goods are easy to buy.

Tsi’-go a-bi wa-to*-ga, grandfather
to all. This is the Osage term for
the President of the United States.

tsi-gthe’, sounds heard in the distance;
(2) denoting sudden action; (8)
sudden; suddenly.

tsi’-gthe, to reside; to dwell; to set up
and keep house.

tsi a’-gthe, I keep house.
tsi tha-gthe, you keep house.
tsi o®-gtha, we keep house.

tsi -ha, a tent skin.

tsi’-ha-ba stse-e, ladle.

tsi’-ha i-tse, a skin lodge or tent.

tsi-he’, a nest, birds’ nests, and nests
of insects.

tsi’-hi, frame of their house.
ritual.)

tsi’-hu-ko®, smoke hole of a tent or
lodge. This was generally made
in the top of the tent or lodge,
so that the smoke in rising would
pass out.

tsi’-i-ta-xe, housetop.

tsi’ -k’a, rotten; putrefied; putrefaction.

tsi, moist; damp; (2) moistness;
moisture.

tsi’ no®-zhi., the coming of a person
or persons and standing before
the house for some purpose.

ts’i"-sha, curved; crooked;
shaped.

ts’i*-tha’, wrinkled; wrinkles.

o®-ts’i2’-tha, I am wrinkled.
thi-ts’i>’-tha, you are wrinkled.
wa-ts’i»’-tha i, we are wrinkled.
i>-dse’ ts’i2-tha, wrinkled face.
tsi® zhi*-ga, the plover.
tsi’-pe-tho"-ba, seven houses; whip-
poorwill.

tsi-shi, the poles that support the
roof and sides of a house.

tsi-ste’-tse, wigwam; a long house.

Tsi Ta’-pe wa-tho”, song of approach
to the house. This has reference
to the “‘little house” to which all
must go to make their warlike
movements authoritative. As this

(From a

hook

OSAGE DICTIONARY

163

Tsi Ta’-pe wa-tho"—continued.
song is sung there are four cere-
monial pauses, at which time a
wi-gi-e is recited which tells of
the House of Mystery as it is
being approached. Reference is
made to the valleys and bend of
the river toward which they shall
direct their footsteps.

tsi-the’, he hastened (from a ritual);
(2) he began.

tsi-the’, denoting sudden action.

tsi-the’-the, to pass along.

tha-tsi’-ne i-wi-the, I saw you pass
along.

a-tsi-bthe o®-tho*-tha-the, you saw
me pass along.

tsi’-tse ’ta-thi-sho" bthe i* do, I
am going toward the house.

tsi thi-ta, your house.

tsi thi-ta e-a’-wa-kshe, I meant your
house.

tsi thi-ta ni u-xto", water dripped
into your house.

tsi-thu-to®-gthe, an upright tent.

tsi’-tse a-a-zhi, to expect some one
to come.

tsi’-tse bthi-wi" ta a-to” hi o, I will
purchase the house. M

tsi’-tse dsi to" pshi a tho, I came
from the house.

Tsi’ tse stsi-wi" ta tha to" shi o(P)
will you purchase the house?
tsi’-tse ’ta-thi-sho" stse a tho, you
are going toward the house.

tsi’-tse ’ta-thi-sho® o®-ga tha bia tho,
we are going toward the house.
tsi’-tse u-ci-hi, the house is neat.
tsi tse u-thu’-xthu-ha ke-dsi i-tha-
the ha, I found it underneath the
house.

tsi-u’-ba-he, the wall of a room or
the side of a house.

tsi u-ca’-bi-o, he set fire to a house.

tsi-u-da’-stsu-e ga-xe, a furnace.

tsiu-ge, a spoon; a shell spoon.
tsiu’-ge-cka, oysters or mussels.
tsiu’-ge-cka wa-btha-tse no™ a-tha,
I eat oysters.
tsiu’-ge-cka wa-na-tse no" a(?) do
you eat oysters?

tsiu’-ge ni-shku-shku, the shell of a
fresh-water mussel; the shell of an
oyster.

164

tsiu’-ge-u-gi-pe, shellful; spoonful.
Before metal spoons were known
to the Indians shells were used
for spoons.
tsiu’-go"-tha, very near; close by.
tsi’-u-ha-ge, a house of refuge. There
are two houses of refuge in the
Osage Tribe, one in the keeping
of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens
and the other in that of the Wa’-
tse-tsi Wa-shta-ge gens.
tsi-u’-ho®-ge, borders of the village.
This is found in rituals.
tsiu’-i-btha u-thi-sho®, the positions
and songs of the people at the
final ceremony of the Wa-sha’-be
A-thi..
Tsi-u’-ki-a-ce, House-covering. A
personal name.
tsi u-ko” gtho® the o, the spacious
house.
tsi u-ko®” gtho™-the wi® o®-ga-thi®
bi a, we have a spacious house.
tsi’-u-k’u-dse, a hole in the side of
the wigwam; a doorway.
tsiu’-thu-ga, the interior of a house.
tsi-u’-thu-ga we-ki-k’o", furniture.
Tsi Wa-ko"-da-gi, House of mystery.
This house of mystery is set up
during the night, about 150 paces
west of the two ceremonial houses
in a direct line with the avenue
running through the village. The
frame is similar to that for an
ordinary house, but the coverings
are of animal skins having a
symbolic significance. Four skins
are used: First is an elk skin
(symbolie of war) which is spread
over the eastern end of the frame;
the second, a black-bear skin (a
symbol of fire unrelenting when it
takes a destructive course); this is
spread over one side of the house;
the third is the skin of the puma
(a symbol of fire) spread over the
opposite side of the house; the
fourth is the skin of a swan (also a
symbol of fire) spread over the
top of the house.
tsi’-wa-zhu, household; family.
tsi wit a-to" mi®-kshe o. (See tsi
a-to® i" do.)
tsi wi-ta, my house.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

tsi wi-ta tse dsi ha ts’e o*°-thi*-ge,
I am safe at home.

tsi‘-xi"-dse, an old term, which is
understood to mean either end of a
long house. The Osage house
built for two families has two fire-
places, one at each end. The two
ends of this long room are called
by this term. This is also an
expression found in the rituals.

tsi-zhe’, to crackle; to make crackling
noises as do twigs when one is
walking through the woods.

tsi’-zhe-be, the door of a house or
tipi. The door of a house, as
well as the fireplace, was a sacred
object. The spirits of four ani-
mals were appointed doorkeepers
of the house in which the ‘ Little-
old-men”’ met to perform the cere-
mony of the tribal rites. These
animals were the lynx, the puma,
the black bear, and the elk. They
were called Tsi’-zhe-be a-do®-be,
Doorkeepers. They were said to
know the innermost thoughts of
men, and all who entered the sacred
house meditating evil were dis-
posed of by the Doorkeepers by
supernatural means.

tsi’-zhe-be a-ki-da—tsi-zhe-be, a
door; a-ki-da, a servant—door-
servant: a porter.

Tsi’-zhe-be e-go", Buffalo range.
There is a gap in this range like a
door. This was the seventeenth
camp of the first trail.

tsi’-zhe-be ta-xe—tsi-zhe-be, door;
ta-xe, knot; door knot or door
knob.

tsi'-zhe u-tha-ga-ts’i", you peeped
in the door.

tsi’-zhe-be u-thi-mo*, to latch a
door.
tsi’-zhe-be u-bthi-mo*, I latched the
door.
tsi‘-zhe-be u-stsi-mo®, you latched
the door.
tsi‘-zhe-be o*-gu-thi-mo® i, we

latched the door.
tsi zhi®-ga, a small house; a shanty;
a hut.
tsi zhi’-ga wi" u-gthi a-ka ha, he
lives in a shanty.

LA FLESCHE]

Tsi'-zhu e-tho"-ba, coupled with
those of the Tsi’-zhu division, this
term is used frequently in rituals.

Tsi -zhu U-thu-ha-ge, the Last Tsi’-

zhu or the last in order. The name
of a gens.

Tsi-zhu Wa-no®, the Elder Tsi’-zhu
or Wa-ko®-da No®-pa-bi, The-God-
who-is-Feared-by-All. Refers to
the life symbol, the Sun. Also
the name of a gens.

Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge, the Gentle Tsi’-
zhu. Refers to its office as Peace-
maker. The name of a subgens
of the Pe’-ko® to2-ga Zho-i-ga-the
gens; acts as Sho’-ka to both itself
and the gens. The leader of this
group sends his Sho’-ka to bring
food, that the captive may eat and

U

u, to wound; to hurt.
a’-u, I wound.
tha’-u, you wound.
o”’-u i, we wound.
u’a-da-ga-ge, crusting of matter on a
wound; a scab.
u-ba’-cki, to stuff; to ram down, as to
ram a gun.
wa-hu-to®-the ke u-pa’-cki, I rammed
the gun.
wa-hu-to®-the ke u-shpa’-cki,
rammed the gun.
wa-hu-to®-the ke o"-gu’-ba-cki i, we
rammed the gun.
u-ba’-cu, a corner in a house.
u-ba’-ha-ge, to be cornered.
u-pa’-ha-ce, I am cornered.
u-shpa’-ha-cge, you are cornered.
o®-gu’-ba-ha ca i, we are cornered.
u-ba’-ha dsi i-e, to digress; to deviate
from the main subject.
u-ba’-ha dsi i-tha’-the, I deviated.
u-ba’-ha dsi i-‘tha-the, you deviated.
u-ba’-ha dsi 0®-tho” a i, we deviated.
u-ba’-he, to extend beyond; to pro-
trude.
ci-te u-ba-ha ta e-o®-tho®-be ha, my
foot protrudes.
ci-te u-ba-ha de e-thi-tho™-be ha,
your foot protrudes.
u-ba’-hi®, to thrust the arm in a hole in
the ground or in the trunk of a tree.
u-ba’-k’e ki-¢gto, a committee.

you

OSAGE DICTIONARY

165

Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge—continued.
live. This food was kept in the
house of the leader, for the food
kept therein is sacred. The Sho’-ka
returns with corn. prepared for
eating.

ts’o-xe, tart.

she ts’o-xe, the apple is tart.

Ts’o-xe, Astringent. Personal name.
Refers to the taste of the root of
the blazing star.

tsu-shpa-tho® o, grandchild.

tu’-ge, catfish.

tu’-ge ga-be, black loon.

tu’-gka, woodpecker; sapsucker.

tu’-go"-tha, very nearly blue.

tu-hni’-gthe, rainbow.

tu’-hu zhu-dse e-go*, like blue-red;
purple.

u’-ba-ko", to provoke; that which
tends to excite anger; provocation.
gi-ba-ko" pa-xe, I provoked him.
gi-ba-ko" o®-shka-xe, you provoked
me.
u-ba’-ku-dse, to punch holes in a pair
of moccasins or clothing.
u-ba’-mo?"-xe, bent low at the door
and entered the house (refers to
the black bear as he enters his
cave to hibernate).
u-ba’-no"the, a railway station; a
depot.
u-ba’-no®-the tse-dsi 0®-tha-ki-pa tse,
meet me at the depot.
u-ba’-no"-the, a ceremonial pause.
u-ba’-sho?®, a bend or a turn, as in a
road or stream.
u-ba’-stse-ge, to saw wood.
zho® u-pa’-stse-ge, I saw wood.
zho® u-shpa’-stse-ge, you saw wood.
zho® o®-gu’-ba-stse-ga i, we saw wood.
u-ba’-stsu-e, pushing out.
u-ba’to®-tha, to roll a log or any
other heavy object.
u-pa’-to®-tha, I roll a log.
u-shpa’-to®-tha, you roll a log.
o2-gu’-ba-to®-tha i, we roll logs.
u-ba’-tse, a herd. Now applied to a
herd of cattle.
in-da-dsi a-ka tse-cka u-ba’-tse hiu
wa-thi® bi a, my father has a large
herd of cattle.

166

u-ba’-tse a-ki-gtha-thi", gregarious;
the act of going collectively, not
alone.
u-ba’-tsi-gtho", to hang something
on a peg or the limb of a tree.
u-ba’tsi-a-gtho", I hung something
on a peg.
u-ba’-tsi-tha-gtho", you hang some-
thing on a peg.
u-ba’-tsi-gi-gtho", he hung something
on a peg.
u’-ba-tsi-zhu, to hang bunches of ears
of corn to dry; to hang clothes to
dry.
u-ba’-wi"-xe, to roam about; to
wander; to travel for pleasure; to
rove; to saunter; to stroll; (2)
to swirl in a kettle when cooking.
u-pa’-wi®-xe, I travel for pleasure.
u-shpa’-wi®-xe, you travel for pleas-

ure.
o*-bu’-ba-wi"-xa i, we travel for
pleasure.
u-ba’-wi®-xe o®-tha-gthi2, I like to
stroll.
u’-ba-xo", a cut to be followed.

(From a ritual.)
u-ba’-xpa-the, to push one down
from a height.
u’-pa-xpa-the, I push him down
from a height.
u’-shpa-xpa-the, you pushed him
down from a height.
o®-gu’-ba-xpa-tha i, we pushed him
down from a height.
u-ba’-xthe-ge, the act of hatching a
young chicken by artificial means:
an incubator.
u-ba’-zhi*, to protrude through an
incision.
u-be’-hni, to detect; to discover.
u-pe’-hni, I detect.
u-shpe’-hni, you detect.
o*®-gu’-be-hni i, we detect.
u’-be-hni, a specter; a ghost; appari-
tion.
u-be’-to", to wrap or envelop.
u-pe’-to”, I wrap up the goods.
u-shpe’-to", you wrap up the goods.
o®-gu’-be-to" i, we wrap up the goods.
u-bi’-go"-dse, close together; crowded.
u-bi’-do*, to dip food into boiling
water in order to prepare it.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

u-bi’-xo0", any wind instrument, as a
flute or horn.
u-bi’-zhu-zhu-e, to caress and stroke
a& weapon.
u-btha’-ko", the clouded sky I have
cleared with my voice, so that all
is at peace and is serene. (From
a ritual.)
u-bu’-dse, profusion; abundance.
u-¢a’ bi o, to set fire to anything.
u-wa’-ce, I set fire to it.
u-tha’-ce, you set fire to it.
o-gu’-ca i, we set fire to it.
u-¢a’-gi ni, where the current (river)

is strong.
u-ga’-ka, blemish; spots.
u-¢a’-ki-ba, between; contiguous;

close together.
u-ge’, to start a prairie fire.
u-wa’-ce, I started a fire.
u-tha’-ce, you started a fire.
o*-gu’-ca i, we started a fire.
u’-chi-zhe, disturbance.
u-wa‘-chi-zhe, I caused a disturbance.
u’-thi-chi-zhe, you caused a dis-
turbance.

u- Feo ‘-gthe, beneath the feet; the soft
skin on which a man puts his
feet; (2) a line of footprints (used
in pene (3) at the foot of a sick
person (found in rituals).

u-¢i’-hi, rust; rusty.

u’-gi-hi, clean; neat.

o*’-wo"-ci-hi, I am neat.
u-wa’-ci-hi, you are neat.
u-gi’-thu-ge, the length of a foot-
step; a footstep.

u-gi' u-tsi, seedy, as a fruit with

many seeds.
¢a-¢kiu a-ka u-gi u-tsi bi a, the water-
melon has many seeds.

u-gi’ u-zhi, seedling; a plant grown
from a seed.

u-¢ko"’¢ka, directly in the center of;
(2) in the middle.

u-¢ko™-cka i ga-ca-gi, one of the
thirteen military honors, which
means a blow given to the enemy
who comes within the limits of the
land actually occupied by the
tribe. It may be either a blow
given by a weapon or by cutting
off the head. lt is considered a
high honor and a test of courage.

LA FLESCHE]

u-ctu’-e no*-zhi", to stand abreast;
to stand in a row.

u-g¢tu’-we a-zhi, card with three spots
(playing card).

u-gu’, lowland forest.

u-gu’, grain; seed.

u-gu’-ge-dsi, by the u-cu (forest).

u-cu’-gi she-ki, a rattlesnake that
frequents the timbers.

U-cu’-i-ha zhi"-ga, at one time there
was a large bend in the stream,
which was nearly closed; the
meaning of the name is small
mouth; it is near the u-gu or
woods, what is now known as
Bartlesville, Kans. This was the
site of the fourth camp in the
first trail, also of the third buffalo
trail.

u’-gu-u-gtho", lowland forest in the
bend of a stream.

U-cgu’-gtho" ga-xa, Butler Creek,
Okla.

u-da’-bthi, to sweat; to perspire;
perspiration.

o®-wo”-da-bthi, I perspire.
u-thi’-da-bthi, you perspire.
u-wa’-da-bthi i, we perspire.
u-da’-bthu-bthu-e, vibrating; quiv-
ering with the warmth of the sun.
u-da’-ko", lighted by fire within a
wigwam.
u-da’-k’u-dse, to burn a hole through
a solid piece of wood.
u-da’-k’u-dse pa-xe, I burnt a hole in
the wood.
u-da’-k’u-dse shka-xe, you burnt a
hole in the wood.
u-da’-k’u-dse 0®-ga-xa i, we burnt a
hole in the wood.
u-da’-pa, the third stomach of an ox.
u-da’-pshe, spread of prairie fire.
u-do”-be tha-gthi", pleasing to look
upon.
u-dse’, the base or lower part of a hill,
mountain, stream, or tree.
u-dse’, to seek; to hunt for something
missing.
u-wa’-dse, I seek.
u-tha’-dse, you seek.
o®-gu’-dsa i, we seek.
U-dse’-ta, one of the geographical
divisions of the Osage Tribe.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

167

u-dse’ta, below; down from above; at
the foot or bottom.
U-dse’-ta-wa-xa, Winner-of-the-race-
against-t he-U-dse. Personal
name. Refers to a race between
two bands.
u-dse’-the, a place hollowed out in the
ground in which to place or kindle
a fire. In the Osage tribal organi-
zations there are seven fireplaces
of the Tsi’-zhu, of the Wa-zha’-
zhe, and of the Ho”-ga. There
are the peaceful fireplaces of the
Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge and of the
Wa-zha’-zhe gentes. These last
two are sanctuaries.
u-dse’-the, hearth; fireplace.
u-dse’-the Wa-shta-ge, names of the
two fireplaces (peace), one in the
Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge and the other
in the Po-ka Wa-shta-ge.
U-dse’-xta, name of one of the divi-
sions of a tribe, not of a gens.
u-dse’-zhe, urinal.
u-dsi™-gthe, the crowding together of
cattle.
u-ga’-bi-xo", a sail.
ba-dse a-ka_ u-ga’-bi-xo" tha-bthi>
to" bi a, the boat has three sails.
u-ga’-bu-dse, to strew upon the
ground in profusion.
U-ga’-cit-dse, Breeze. Personal
name. Refers to the wind caused
by the wings when the eagle flies.
u-ga’-ci-ci-hi, yellowish; sallow;
sickly color.
i>-dse tho" u-ga’-ci-ci-hi bi a ni’-ka-
shi-ga, his face is sallow.
u-ga’-co"=ho", when daylight meets
the early skies.
u’-ga-co®-thi", the beginning of day.
u-ga’-do", to nail down a board, or
nail up a box.
u-wa’-ga-do®, I nailed it.
u-tha’-ga-do", you nailed it.
o>-gu’-ga-do” i, we nailed it.
u-ga’-e-btha, to disband; to scatter
in every direction.
u-ga’-e-btha pa-xe,
scatter.
u-ga’-e-btha shka-xe, you made them
scatter.
u-ga’-e-btha o®-ga-xa i, we made
them scatter.

I made them

168

u-ga’-gu, corner.
u-ga’ ha-ha, floating about.
zho®-a-be u-ga’ ha-ha bi a, ni ke, the
leaves are floating about on the
water.
U-ga’-ha-xpa, Bushy-head. Personal
name.
u-ga’-hiu-dse, to descend; to go down.
u-ga’-ho"-ba, a window glass; pane of
glass.
shi=-tu zhi"-ga a-ba u-ga’ho"-ba
ga-xthe ga bi a, the boy broke the
pane of glass.
u-ga’ho"-ba niu-ki-gtha ¢i"—u-ga’-
ho®-ba, pane of glass; niu, water;
ki, themselves; gtha-ci", peeped
in—themselves-peeped-i n-water:
a looking-glass. The tribe knew
nothing of a mirror until the white
man came; before that they looked
into the water for their reflection.
u-ga’-ho"-ba wa-ho-stsa, a small
pane of glass for a window.
u-ga’-ho"-ba i-gi-the, curtains for
window.
u-ga’-ho®-ba i-gi-the tse-ga ko®-btha
he, I want new curtains.
u-ga’ hu-dse, down; below.
u-ga’-hu-dse, steep; a steep hill; a
steep bank. (See hiu-dse.)
u-ga’-hu-dse-the, to descend; to go
down a steep place from an eleva-
tion.
u-ga’-hu-dse bthe, I descended.
u-ga’-hu-dse stse, you descended.
u-ga’-k’u-dse, to knock a hole in
wood or ice.
u-ga’-k’u-k’u-dse, making a number
of holes in wood or ice.
u-ga’-sha-be, struck the heavens with
darkness. (From a ritual.)
u-ga’-sha-sha-be, gradual darkness;
dusk.
u’-ga-she, ailment; not well.
u’-ga-she thi®-ge, well; healthy; no
interruption to the enjoyment of
good health.
u’-ga-she o®-thi®-ge mi®-kshe 0, I am
well.
u’ga-she thi-thi=-ge ni-kshe a(?) are
you well?
u-ga’-shke, to tie or tether a horse or
any other animal.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

u-ga’-shke-gtho", to hitch or tie a
horse to a tree.
xtha-be tse-dsi u-ga’-shke-a-gtho2, I
tied the horse to the tree.
xtha-be tse-dsi u-ga’-shke-tha-gtho",
you tied the horse to the tree.
xtha-be tse-dsi u-ga’-shke-o®-gtho"
i, we tied the horse to the tree.
u-ga’-sho", going forth on an errand.
u-ga’-sho® bthe ha, I am going on an
errand.
u-ga’-sho" shde a? are you going on
an errand?
u-ga’-sho" 0®-ga-tha i, we are going
on an errand.
U-ga’-sho", The Wanderer.
name.
u-ga’-shte, exempt; free from.
u-ga’-stse-ge, a slit in a _ horse’s
ear for identification.
u-ga’-stse-ge, the act of skinning the
beef when butchering; refers to a
buffalo butchered.
u-wa’-ga-stse-ge, I am skinning the

Personal

beef.

u-tha’-ga-stse-ge, you are skinning
the beef.

o*-gu-ga-stse-ga i, we are skinning
the beef.

u-ga’-ts’i7, to peep; to stealthily look
into the crack of a door or window.
ti’-zhe-be-te u-wa-ga’-ts’i7, I peeped
in the door.
ti’-zhe-be-te u-tha-ga’-ts’i", you peep-
ed in the door.
ti’-zhe-be-te 0*-gu-ga’-ts’i™ i,
peeped in the door.
u-ga’-ts’u-ga, familiar; well acquaint-
ed or intimate with.
wa-k’u thi® u-wa-ga’-ts’u-ge ha, I am
well acquainted with the woman.
u-ga’-wa, grown flaccid with age.
(From a ritual.)
u-ga’-wi"-xe, soaring, as a large bird.
u’-ga-xe thi"-ge, nonsense; absurd;
meaningless; (2) immaterial; (3) a
useless person.
U-ga’-xpa_ ga-xa,
Quapaw, Okla.
u-ga’-xpa-the, to be thrown from a
horse.
shi-mi-zhi*-ga thi.-ke ka-wa a-ba u-
ga’-xpa-the bi a, the girl was
thrown from the horse.

we

Quapaw Creek;

LA FLESCHE]

u-ga’-xpa-the—continued.
o®-wo™-ga-xpa-the, I was thrown
from a horse.
u-thi’-ga-xpa-the, you were thrown
from a horse.
u-ga’-xthi, the bend of a river or
creek.
u-ga’-zhu-dse, that strikes the heav-
ens with red (from a ritual);
(2) tinged with red.
u’-gi-gi-the, remembrance; reminder.
u’-gi-ci-the ga-xe—u-gi-ci-the, a me-
morial; ga-xe, to make: to make a
memorial; to mark a thing to be
remembered.
u’-gi-ci-the pa-xe, I made a memorial.

u’-gi-ci-the shka-xe, you made a
memorial.

u’-gi-gi-the o®-ga-xa i, we made a
memorial.

u’-gi-cu, merriment; joy; happiness;
gladness; pleasure; (2) welfare.
u-gi’-dse, to hunt for one’s own.
u-wa’-gi-dse, I hunt for my own.
u-tha’-gi-dse, you hunt for your own.
o®-gu’-gi-dsa i, we hunt for our own.
u-gi'-gthi*, to sit in one’s own house
or yard.
u-wa’-gi-gthi*, I sit in my yard.
u-tha-gi-gthi", you sit in your yard.
o*-gu-gi-gthi® i, we sit in our yard.
u-gi’-gtho", to put something of your
own in a pile.
u-wa’-gi-gtho", I put something in a

pile.

u-tha’-gi-gtho", you put something
in a pile.

o*-gu’-gi-gtho" i, we put something
in a pile.

u’-gi-ho® a-zhi, injurious; harmful;
(2) an injury.

u-gi’-kshe-to*", to regain; to recover
one’s property.

u-a’-gi-kshe-to", I recovered my

property.

u-tha’-gi-kshe-to”, you recovered your
property.

o®-gu’-gi-kshi-to" i, we recovered our
property.

u’-gi-k’i, the act of a woman taking
food to a relative or to a particular
friend as a token of affection.
Such an act is admired by the

OSAGE DICTIONARY

169

u’-gi-k’i—continued.
people, and those living near join
the family in their expressions of
appreciation. Among the Omaha
this custom is called wa’-ki-gtha-
thi.
u-gi’-ki-a, speak to him, he who is
yours. (From a ritual.)
u-gi’-ki-e, to speak to a friend or
some relation.
u-wa’-gi-ki-e, I spoke to a relative.
u-tha’-gi-ki-e, you spoke to a relative.
o"-gu’-gi-ki-a i, we spoke to relatives.
u-gi’-ki-gthe, to splice together a
broken rope.
u-wa’-gi-ki-gthe, I spliced a broken
rope. ;
u-tha’-gi-ki-gthe, you spliced a brok-
en rope.
o»-gu’-gi-ki-gtha i, we
broken rope.
we-thi* ke u-wa-gi-ki-gthe, I spliced
the rope.
we-thi”ke u-tha’-gi-ki-gthe,
spliced the rope.
we-thi™ ke o*-gu’-gi-ki-gtha i, we
spliced the rope.
u-gi’-kshi-he, a relapse; return of a
disease after convalescence.
u-gi’-kshe-to", to gain possession.
u-wa’-gi-kshe-to", I regained pos-

spliced a

you

session.

u-tha’-gi-kshe-to", you regained pos-
session.

o*-gu’-gi-kshe-to® i, we regained
possession.

u-gi’-no®-k’o", distressing, alarming
news of a person related.
u-gi’-no®-zhi", to succeed; to stand
in the place of; to follow in order.
u-wa’-gi-no®-zhi", I succeed.
u-tha’-gi-no®-zhi", you succeed.
o®-gu’-gi’-no®-zhi® i, we succeed.
u-gi’-no"-zhi ga-xe, to replace; to
return something taken; to return
to its place an equivalent.
u-gi’-no"-zhi pa-xe, I replaced it.
u-gi’-no®-zhi shka-xe, you replaced it.
u-gi’-no"-zhi o°-ga-xa i, we replaced
it.
u-gi’-no"-zhi"® a-ka, a representative
of a people or organization; a
regent.

170

u-gi’-pa, to obey; to retrace.
u-wa’-gi-pa, I obey.
u-tha’-gi-pa, you obey.
o"-gu’-gi-pa i, we obey.
u-gi’-pi, full; will contain no more;
replete.
u-gi’-pi ga-xe, to fill.
u-gi’-pi pa-xe, I fill it.
u-gi’-pi shka-xe, you fill it.
u-gi’-pi o®-ga-xa i, we fill it.
u-gi’-pshe, to return in his own path.
u’-gi-tse-xi, hardship.
u’-gi-tse-xi o”’-ga zho® gi-tha bi a,
we met with hardship.
u-gi'-zho® a-ka, the sitting bird of
any kind; the bird that sits on its
nest to hatch the young.
u-gtha’-ge, prairie fire.
u-gtha’-gtha, to place frequently, as
a man frequently places his pipe
in his mouth.
u-gthe’, a socket; (2) to use as supports
for.
u-gthe’-zhe, honeycomb tripe. The
outer surface is taken off; then
what is left is used for food.
u’-gthi", to occupy a seat.
a-gthi-tse a-a-gthi", I occupied the
chair.
a-gthi-tse a-tha-gthi", you occupied
the chair.
u-gthi”™ -ta-xe, sweetbreads.
u-gthi"-ta-xe o*-cu, I like sweet-
breads.
u-gthi"-ta-xe thi-gu, you like sweet-
breads.
u-gtho™, to put a stake in a pile when
gambling, as in poker; (2) to in-
close.
u-wa’-gtho® ha, I staked at gambling.
u-tha’-gtho® ha, you staked at gam-
bling.
o»-gu’-gtho" i, we staked in gambling.
u-gtho"®-ge, hat. This article of
wearing apparel was not known to
the Osage until introduced by the
traders.
u-gtho™-ge e-go", resembling a cap.
u-gtho™ ta-xe, an animal’s womb.
u-ha’-ge, a place of refuge; redout; a
fortification.
u-he’-be, a dose of medicine.
u’-he-ga-zhi, to act in a violent man-
ner; fiery.
ka’-wa u-he-ca-zhi, a fiery horse.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

u’-he-ga-zhi thi-do", to wrench; to
pull hard.
u’-he-ca-zhi bthi-do®, I wrenched.
u’-he-¢ga-zhi ni-do", you wrenched.
u’-he-¢a-zhi 0®-thi-do" i, we wrenched.
u’-he-ca-zhi u-xpa-the, to fall vio-
lently; to fall precipitately, head-
long.
u-hi, to win; to defeat; to overcome;
to prevail.
u-wa’-hi, I win.
u-tha’-hi, you win.
o”’-gu-hi i, we win.
u-hi’, to reach and to enter.
u-hi’-gthi", he came to and sat at the
(door).
u’-hiu-he-ga u-tsi, plenty of sickness;
epidemic.
u-hni’, shade; cool.
u’-ho®, the act of cooking; to cook by
boiling or stewing.
u-wa’-ho2, I am cooking.
u-tha’-ho®, you are cooking.
o”’-gu-ho® i, we are cooking.
u’-ho® a-bi-xe, the boiling or seething
of food being prepared for use by
the family, or at a feast to which
many are invited.
u-ho™-ba thi"-ge, in which the light
of day enters not (refers to the
black bear’s cave chosen for
hibernating).
u’-ho"®-ga-gi, sweet corn. This corn
is prepared in large quantities for
winter use.
u’-ho" ga-gi a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi2
no”? bi a, sweet corn is good to eat.
u’-ho"-ca-gi wa-dsu-dse, sweet-corn
mush.
u-ho"™-ge, the end of anything, as a
month, year, or stick; (2) the head
of, the source, of a stream; (8) the
borders (the outer edge).
u-ho”-ge thi"-ge, without end or
limit; boundless; (2) infinite.
u-ho”-ge tse, terminal.
U-ho”-ge-u-zho?, Lies-at-the-end.
Personal name. Refers to the
dog, a life symbol.
u’-ho®-i-ge-gthe, kettle pole.
u’-ho"-i-ko"-the, kettle hook.
u’-ho® tsi—u-ho®, cooking; tsi, house;
cooking house: kitchen.
u’-ho" u-wa-wa-k’i, one who serves
what is cooking; a waiter.

LA FLESCHE}

u’-ho® u-wa-wa-k’i wa-k’o, a female
waiter; waitress.
u-hu’-ga-gi, called loudly.
u’-hu-hu (Om. same), the bark or
yelp of a dog.
u’-hu-shi-ge, I forbid you to do so
under penalty.
u-i’, a spring of water and its flow;
(2) a sprout from a planted seed;
a shoot of any plant; (8) the
growing of any seedling.
u-i’-gi, to spring; to jump; to leap.
u-wa’-i-ci, I jump.
u-tha’-i-¢gi, you jump.
o*®-gu’-i-ci i, we jump.
u’-i-e, to interfere in a controversy;
to speak in reproof.
u-wa’-i-e, I interfered.
u-tha’-i-e, you interfered.
o*-gu-i-a i, we interfered.
u-i’-e, criticize; criticism.
u’-i-gtha-no", cause of offense; an
injury; an insult; harm; vice;
villainy.
u’-i-gtha-no®" thi"-ga, a clean charac-
ter; free from blame or reproach.
u-i'-he kshi-tha zhi—u-i-he, to take
part; kshi-tha, permit; zhi, not:
not-t o-permit-t o-take-p ar t—
to omit.
u-i’-he a-kshi-tha mo®-zhi, I omitted
it.
u-i’-he tha-kshi-tha zhi, you omitted

it.
u-i’-he o*-kshi-tha ba-zhi i, we
omitted it.

u-i’-he kshi-the, to include.
u-i’-he a-kshi-the, I included it.
u-i’-he tha-kshi-the, you included it.
u-i’-he o®-kshi-tha i, we included it.
u-i’-hni-zhi*-ga, a parasol.
u-i’-hni zhi®-ga wi" a-bthi2, I have a
parasol.
u-i’-hni zhi®-ga wi" a-ni, you have a
parasol.
u-i*, to wear earrings.
u-i’ to® bthi2, I wear earrings.
u-i’ to" shni, you wear earrings.
u-i" to" o®-thi i, we wear earrings.
u-i* i-he-the, all at once; all to-
gether; all lending a helping hand.
u-i'-ni-tha, a shelter; shelter from
danger; shelter from storms.

67025—32— —12

OSAGE DICTIONARY

vil

u’-i-stse, that which causes shame;
shameful; contemptuous; re-
proachful.
u-k’a’-be, curved inwardly; a gap.
u’-ka-wa-the, sickly; feeble.
o”-wa-ka-wa-the, I am feeble.
u-thi-ka-wa-the, you are feeble.
u-k’i’, to lend.
mo*-hi® ¢pe wi-ta Pi-gi u-wa-k’i, I
loaned my ax to Pi-¢i.
u-wa’-k’i, I lend.
u-tha’-k’i, you lend.
o®-gu’-k’i i, we lend.
u-ki’, a home.
u-ki tha-gthi" xtsi a-to® ha, I have a
good home,
u’-k’i, to feed.
ka-wa u-wa-k’i, I fed the horse.
ka-wa u-tha-k’i, you fed the horse.
ka-wa o®-gu-k’i i, we fed the horse.
u-ki-a’-sha, equal in numbers.
u-ki-a’ to®-to", consecutive; one fol-
lowing the other; a series.
u-ki’-ba-xtha, to meet face to face,
either pleasantly or in anger.
u-wa’-ki-ba-xtha, I met face to face.
u-tha’-ki-ba-xtha, you met face to
face.
o®-gu’-ki-ba-xtha i, we met face to
face.
u’-k’i bi, to be fed; nourished.
u’-ki-ga, an empty house.
u’-ki-ca ga-xe, to make vacant.
u’-ki-ca pa-xe, I made vacant; I
vacated.
u’-ki-ca shka-xe, you vacated.
u’-ki-ga o®-ga-xa i, we made vacant;
we vacated.
u-ki’-gtu, to assemble in a chief’s
house for council.
u-ki’-dse, a goal; the goals in the game
of shinny.
u-ki’-e, to speak or to talk to one
another; to hold an interview.
u-wa’-ki-e, I had an interview.
u-tha’-ki-e, you had an interview.
o®-gu’-ki-a i, we had an interview.
u-ki’-gtha-ge, to speak of one’s self.
u-wa-ki-gtha-ge, I spoke of myself.
u-wa’-ki-gtha-ge, you spoke of your-
self.
o®-gu-ki’-gtha-ga i, we spoke of our-
selves.

172

u-ki’-gtha-gi®, to examine one’s self.
u-wa’-ki-gtha-gi", I examine myself.
u-tha’-ki-gtha-gi", you examine your-
self.

o*-gu’-ki-gtha-gi" i, we examine
ourselves.
u-ki’-gthe, to splice two ropes to-
gether.

u-wa’-ki-gthe, I spliced two ropes.
u-tha’-ki-gthe, you spliced two ropes.
o®-gu’-ki-gtha i, we spliced two
ropes.
u-ki’-gthi*-ge, a lawsuit brought
about by one man against another;
(2) to embrace one _ another.
(See a‘-dse.)
u-ki’-gthi-sho®-sho”, to turn around
in a circle; to circle.

u-wa’-ki-gthi-sho"-sho®, I circled
around.
u-tha’-ki-gthi-sho®-sho", you circled
around.
o*-gu’-ki-gthi-sho®-sho® i, we circled
around.
u-ki’-gthi-stse ki-ki-zhi", rebellion;
civil war.
u’-ki-gthi-zha tsi, a place for wash-
ing.
u-ki’-ho*, to cook something for one’s
self.

u-wa’-ki-ho®, I cooked for myself.
u-tha’-ki-ho", you cooked for your-
self.
o®-gu’-ki-ho® i, we cooked for our-
selves.
u-ki’-ho®-ge, demarcation; boundary.
u-ki’-ki-e, to speak to one another; to
hold a conversation.
u-ki’-ki-e, a dialogue.
u-ki’o*, to mock; to ridicule; to hold in
derision; to mimie in sport.
u-ki’-o"-the, to throw themselves into;
to become insnared.
U-ki’-pa-to", Rolls-himself. Personal
name. Refers to the rolling of the
buffalo on the ground.
u-ki-pa-to"-tha, to roll over and over.
u-wa’-ki-pa-to®-tha, I rolled over
and over.
u-tha’-ki-pa-to"-tha, you rolled over
and over.
o®-gu-ki-pa-to®-tha i, we rolled over
and over.
u-ki’-pa-zhi, disagreement.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

u-ki’-stse, half; 50 cents.

u-ki’-thi-btha-btha, succession; line-
age.

u-ki’-tse, a joint.

u-ki’-wa-wa-the, an unbroken suc-
cession of descendants, an expres-
sion often used in some of the
rituals.

u-ki’-xtha-xtha zhi,
length or size.

u-ko", a vacancy; a space. Room for
one more person in a house or at a
gathering.

u’-k’o", custom; rite; ceremony.

u’-k’o" a-xo-be, proper respect for
things sacred.

u-ko”-cka, the center. Dse u-ko2-
cka, center of a lake; ni’u-ko®-cka,
center of waters (the earth). This
was a name given to a subgens of
the water division (Wa-zha-zhe
gens) of the Osage tribal organiza-
tion,

Ta wi" ts’e a-the, thiu-e u-ko"-cka
a-u, I killed a deer; I shot it
through the middle of the body.

Mi u-ko®-cka, mid-heaven or mid-
sun.

I’-wi-the ko®-btha, tho-to" pshi, the
ga u-ko"-cka xtsi a-wi-ki-pa, I
want to see you; I went in a
straight line to find you, but meet
you here.

u’-ko®-di-the, worry; great anxiety;
urgent.

o”’-u-ko®-di-the, I worry.

u-thi-ko®-di-the, you worry.

u’-ko®-di-the xtsi 0" i ha, it is very
urgent.
u’-k’o" do®-he, a kindly disposition.
wa-k’u a-ka u-k’o" do®-ha bi a, the
woman has a kindly disposition.
u-ko”™-dsi, single; alone; separate;
sole.

u-ko’-dsi bthe ha, I went alone.

u-ko®-dsi ne ha, you went alone.

u-ko”™-dsi, same as wi”’-xtsi.

u-ko”-dsi ga-xe—u-ko"-dsi, alone;
ga-xe, to make; to make alone: to
segregate.

u-ko™ -dsi-gtho"—u-ko", space; dsi,
there (in the center); gthos,
placed: one-that-is-placed-in-the-
center-of-space: the ace in a deck
of cards.

not equal in

LA FLESCHE]

U-ko”-dsi-no®-zhi", Stands - alone.
Personal name. Refers to the
solitary buffalo that stands apart
from the herd.

u-ko™-dsi the ga-xe, to make to be
apart; to isolate.

u-ko*’-dsi pa-xe, I isolated them.

u-ko-dsi the shka-xe, you isolated
them.

u-ko”-dsi the o®-ga-xa i, we isolated
them.

u-ko”™-dsi-tho"-tho", each one apart
from the rest; severally.

u-k’o" e-go"-zhi, wrongful; wrongly.

_ Any act that is contrary or does
not conform to custom.

u’-k’0" e-go"-zhi a-zho®-gi-the,
misfortune; bad luck; adversity;
mishap.

u’-k’o" e-go"-zhi a-a-zho*-gi-the, I
met with adversity.

u’-k’o0" e-go®-zhi a-tha-zho®-gi-the,
you met with adversity.

u-ko™ ga-xa—u-ko®, space; ga-xe, to
make: vacate.

u-ko” pa-xe, I vacate.
u-ko® shka-xe, you vacate.
u-ko™ 0®-ga-xa i, we vacate.
u-ko”-gthe, the vista, a natural
avenue through a forest.

U-ko™-gthe, Where two creeks nearly

meet; Cow Creek, Okla.

u-ko" gtho”-the, a large space;
spacious.

u-k’o™-he, to place in a scabbard; to
sheathe.

u’-k’o" ho-zhi, disrepute; disrepu-
table.

u’-k’o"-pi-zhi, cruel; wicked; unruly;
person with a bad disposition;
sullen; morose.

u’-k’o"-tha-gthi", meek; lovable; a
likable disposition.

u’-k’o" wa-no"-tha zhi, perplexity;
confused; bewildered. This ex-
pression is used in one of the
tribal rituals relating to the black
bear (wa-ca’-be). He was suddenly
seized with the desire to hibernate
for a period of seven months and
was confused and bewildered for a
time, not knowing what he should
do. He ran wildly about until he
remembered what to do.

OSAGEH DICTIONARY

173

u’-k’o® wa-no"-tha zhi—continued.
u’-k’o" a-wa-no"-tha mo®-zhi, I am
confused.
u’-k’o" wa-tha-no®-tha zhi, you are
confused.
u-kshe’-to", wages; pay; salary; com-
pensation; earnings; income.
u-kshe’-to® a-ki e-tho, I paid him a
salary.
u-kshe’-to® 0®-tha-ki e-tho, you paid
me a salary.
u-kshe’-to", to obtain; to come into
possession of; to win; to gain; to
earn.
u-wa’-kshe-to", I came into posses-
sion of.
u-tha’-kshe-to®, you came into pos-
session of.
o*-gu’-kshe-to® i, we came into pos-
session of.
u-k’u’-be, an abyss; a vale; valley; a
gulch; a gutter; a ravine.
u-k’u’-be zhi®-ga, small
glen; a dell.
u-k’u’-dse, a hole; perforation; orifice.
u-mi’-zhe, mattress; bedding; pallet;
carpet.
u-mi’-zhe tse-ga a-ni ko -bthe go2,
you must have a new mattress.
u-mi’-zhe tse-ga wi" ko -btha, I
must have a new carpet.
U-mi’-zhe, Bedding. Personal name.
Refers to the buffalo hide used for
bedding.
u-mi’-zhe u-thu-ga-do", that with

secluded

which carpets are put down:
tacks.

u-mo”-bthi", as I walk or move in
the darkness of the evening.
(From a ritual.)

U-mo”-ho", the Osage name for
Omaha.

u-mo” -i"-ka, a year.
u-mo”-i-ka wi", one year.
u-mo”’-i2-ka tho-ba, two years.
u-mo”’-i"-ka ca-to®, five years.
u-mo”’-i-ka gthe-btho" hie-no*, a
period of ten years; a decade.
u-mo” -i2-ka gthe-btho® ki-e do-ba
hi—u®-mo?-i"-ka, year; gthe-
btho2, ten; ki’-e, twice; do’-ba,
four; hi, arrived at: has-reached-
twice-four-ten-year; eighty years;
(2) octogenarian.

174

u-mo” -i"-ka gthe-btho" pe-tho"-ba
hi—u-mo?-i"-ka, year; gthe-btho",
ten; pe-tho®-ba, seven; hi, arrived
at: arrived-at-seven-ten-years; sev-
enty years; (2) septuagenarian.
u-mo”-i"-ka gthe-btho" sha-pe
hi—u-mo” -i®-ka, year; gthe-btho",
ten; sha-pe, six; hi, has arrived at:
has-arrived-at-six-ten-years; sixty
years, or sexagenarian.
u-mo”-i"-ka wit hi e no”, yearly;
annually.
u’-mo?-ka, easy, not difficult.
u-mo”-thi., in the midst of it he
moves. (From a wi-gi-e.)
u’-mu-ta ga-wa, muscles of the ab-
domen, loosened with age.
u-ni’-ka-shi-ga, dwell therein as
persons. (From a ritual.)
u’-niu-xi-xi, a labored breathing
among horses; a disease peculiar
to horses: heaves.
u’-ni-u-zho"-ge, road for the breath;
the windpipe; air passage for

breathing.
u-ni’-zhi", the fear of darkness; a
coward; craven; timid.
ta a-ba u-ni-zhi® no™ bi a, the deer
is timid.

u-wa’-ni-zhi", I fear darkness.
u-tha’-ni-zhi", you fear darkness.
o®-gu’-ni-zhi" i, we fear darkness.
u-ni -zhi® ba-zhi, not afraid of dark-
ness.
u-wa’-ni-zhi® mo®-zhi,
afraid of darkness.
u-tha’-ni zhi’ a-zhi,
afraid of darkness.
u®-gu’-ni-zhi" ba-zhi i, we are not
afraid of darkness.
u’-no", means of reaching old age.
(From a ritual.) Following are
some of the symbols of long life:
The willow tree, cedar (red) tree,
Judas bush (red bud), the sun, the
moon, day, night, morning star,
evening star, the Dipper, Orion’s
belt, theta and iota (in Orion), the
sky, the red dawn, the dog star,
and the Pole star.
u’-no®-bthe, a grocery.
u’-no®-bthe i-ts’a-the—u"-no"-bthe,
food; i-ts’a-the, without: without
food, famine.

I am _ not

you are not

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

u-no”-bthe u-gi-dse, story of the
search for Life-giving Food. The
third in the Zha’-zhe_ Ki-to®
ceremony.
u’-no"-bthe u-zhi, a place for storing
provisions; a larder.
u-no”-bu-dse, to shake down plenti-
ful with the feet.
u’-no"-dsa-pa, to shorten one’s life.
u-no”-k’o", a rumor; a report; hear-
say.
u-tha-ge wi" a-no”’-k’o", I heard a
rumor.
u-tha-ge wi? tha-no”’-k’o", you heard
a rumor.
u-tha-ge wi" o*-no”’-k’o" i, we heard
a rumor.
u-no”’-sho-dse, to make water muddy
by stirring it or putting it in
commotion. ;
ni-ke u-wa’-no®-sho-dse, I made the
water muddy.
ni-ke u-tha’-no"-sho-dse, you made
the water muddy.
ni-ke 0®-gu’-no"-sho-dsa i, we made
the water muddy.
u-no”shto" gi-hi, has come to the
end of his path.
u’-no" tha-bi, that by which one
reaches old age.
u’-no" stse-dse, to live a long life;
to live to see old age; longevity.
u’-no" ts’e-ge hi, feebleness of mind;
an old man.
u’-no" u-tha-ge, means by which old
age is reached. The second in the
Zha’-zhe Ki-to™ ceremony.
u’-no" wi-gi-e, prayer for long life—
u-no®, long life; wi-gi-e, prayer for.
u’-no®-xthi", to make haste; to hurry.
u’-no"-xthi"® ga-xe, to expedite; to
hasten.
u’-no®-xthi® pa-xe, I hastened.
u’-no®-xthi® shka-xe, you hastened.
u’-no®-xthi® 0®-ga-xa i, we hastened.
u’-no®-xthi" xtsi, hastily; speedily.
u’-o" thi*-ge, to be at leisure; to have
nothing to do.
u-o” o0®-thi2-ge, I have nothing to do.
u-o” thi-thi®-ge, you have nothing to
do.
u-o” wa-thi"-ga i, we have nothing
to do.
u-pa’, length and breadth.

LA FLESCHE]

u’-pa-ce, the time wherein darkness
comes; the evening.

u-pa’-ha, dipped in a kettle in which
something has been _ cooking.
(From a ritual.)

u-pa’-hi*, I thrust my arm into the
hole in the ground.

u-shpa’-hi®, you thrust your arm into
the hole.

o®-gu’-ba-hi® i, we thrust our arms
into the hole.

U-pa’-shi-e, Counsellor.
name.

U’-pa-the, the son of this man was
wounded in battle, and the old
man remained at this place caring
for the son. A creek was named
for him; it was the eleventh camp
of the second buffalo trail.

u-pe’, to enter.

u-wa’-pe, I enter.
u-tha’-pe, you enter.
0®-gu’-pa i, we enter.

u-pe’ tse, entrance.

u-p’o’-tho®, steam rising from a kettle
over a fire.

u-pshi’, I have arrived at and am
entering. (From a ritual.)

u-sda’, the top of the head bared with
age; bald. This same word is
used in a ritual found in the wi-gi-e
pertaining or relating to the
return of a war party, and means,
in this instance, places where the
ground is trodden down.

u-sha’-be, in which the color is dark.
A ritual, expression.

u’-sha-zhi, scarce; not plenty.
i-sha-zhi.)

u’-she, plenty; plentiful.

u’-shi-tsi-the wa-ga-xe, startler; the
quail, called so from its sudden
noisy and startling flight.

u’-shka-shka-tho®, to exhilarate; to

enliven.

u’-shka-shka-tho" pshi mi®-kshe, I
am exhilarated.

u’-shka-shka-tho® shi ni-kshe 0, you
are exhilarated.

u’-shka-shka-tho® o®-ga-hi o®-ga-to",
we are exhilarated.

u’-shki-ga, lewd; a mean, quarrel-
some person; perfidy;
unprincipled.

u’-shki-ga bi a, he is perverse.

Personal

(Om.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

perverse; |

175

u’-shko®, disposition,
habit; custom.
u-shko”’-bi ge, the places frequented
by people.
u’-shko" tha-ghti", good-natured;
beneficent; kind-hearted.
u-shpe’, a fragment.
u-stse’-ge, the rest that are scattered
about.
u-stse’ tse, the rest that has been
gathered and stands in a pile;
(2) the remainder; part left over;
part of a number left over.
u-ta’-ca, handsome; showy; stateli-
ness; pretty; comely; pleasing to
the sight; satisfying to the sense of
beauty.
u-ta’-ca wa-gthi", it is very pretty.
u-ta’-ca ki-the, to decorate one’s self.
u-ta’-ca a-ki-the, I decorated myself.
u-ta’-ca_ tha-ki-the, you decorated
yourself.
u-ta’-ca-zhi,
ugly.
u-ta’-no®, street.
u-ta’-no"-dsi, keeping one’s self from
the others; the isolated one.
u-ta’-no"-gtha-gtha, intermittent.
u-ta’-no"-gthe, interval.
u-ta’-no"-gthe tse, interim; in be-
tween times.
u-ta’-no"-tse,
objects.
u-ta’-no®-u-k’o"-he, to interlay.
u-ta’-no®-u-mo"-thi®, to move in the
midst of a great gathering; to walk
in the midst of a forest.
u-ta’-no®-u-mo®-bthi2, I walked in
the forest.
u-ta’-no®-u-mo®-shni, you walked in
the forest.
u-ta’-no®-02-gu mo®-thi" i, we walked
in the forest.
u-ta’-no®-u-no2-zhi", to intervene.
u-ta’-thi, to spread fame; refers to
the courage of warriors.
u te wa-bi® shi-be-tha bi a, blood
escaped from his wound. (From
a ritual.)
u-tha’-btho®-xe, crunched within.
U - tha’ - ga-bi, Famed. Personal
name.
u-tha’-ge, to tell a tale or a story; (2)
to make a statement.
u-btha’-ge, I made a statement.

temperament;

homely; homeliness;

lying between two

176

u-tha’-ge—continued.
u-shta’-ge, you made a statement.
o™-gu’-tha-ga i, we made a statement.
u’-tha-ge, a story; narrative; a legend;
tradition.
u’-tha-ge ga-xe, a fictitious tale, novel,
or romance.
u’-tha-ge-u-ga-xe thi"-ge, a rumor;
an unverified report.
u’-tha-ge wi® a-no"-k’o", I heard a
rumor.
u’-tha-ge wi
heard a rumor.
u’-tha-gthi", an act resulting in good.
u’-tha-ha, to follow a group of persons
who go on a journey.
u’-btha-ha bthe ta mi*-kshe 0, I shall
follow them.
u-tha’-ha, upon whom are attached.
u-tha’-ki-ba-xtha, you met him face
to face.
u-tha’-ki-e, you spoke to him.
u-tha’-k’o"-he, holding therein (as
under the arms).
u-tha’ ni-ka-shi-ga, to dwell therein,
as though it were your personal
abode.
u’-tha-shi-ge, to complain.
u-btha’-shi-ge, I complain.
u-na’-shi-ge, you complain.
o®-gu’-tha-shi-ga i, we complain.
u-tha’-shta-ge, to be free from pain.
o"-wo”’-tha-shta-ge, I am free from
pain.
u-thi’-tha-shta-ge, you are free from
pain.
u-tha’-shte, to save.
u’-btha-shte, I saved.
u’-na-shte, you saved.
o®-gu’-tha-shta i, we saved.
u’-tha-stse, to save a portion from a
feast to carry home.
u’-btha-stse, I saved a portion from
the feast.
u’-na-stse, you saved a portion from
the feast.
o™-gu-tha-stsa i, we saved a portion
from the feast.
u-tha’ to®-ga, to dilate; to make big.
u’-btha to®-ga, I made it big.
u’-na to®-ga, you made it big.
o"-gu-tha to®-ga i, we made it big.
These expressions are equivalent
to the white man’s ‘‘make a moun-
tain out of a molehill.”’

eee you

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

u-tha’-ts’i*, attached; attachment; as
fruit is attached to a vine or tree.
u-tha’-xu-e, dragged therein by the
teeth. This is an expression used
in the mythical stories and refers
to the act of the beaver.
u-the’-the, the paths of the wind, or
the four quarters.
u-thi’-btha, gnarled with age.
u-thi’-btho2, to smell.
u-bthi’-btho", I smell (flowers).
u’-shni-btho®, you smell (flowers).
o®-gu’-thi-btho” i, we smell (flowers).
u-thi’-bu-dse, to strew; to spread by
scattering; to disarrange; to squan-
der.
u-bthi’-bu-dse, I disarrange.
u-shni’-bu-dse, you disarrange.
o®-gu-thi-bu-dsa i, we disarrange.
u’-thi-co, the act of parching corn.
u-bthi’-go", I parched corn.
u-ni’-co", you parched corn.
o™-gu-thi-co® i, we parched corn.
wa-to™-thi te u-bthi-go", I parched

the corn.

wa-to”-thi te u-nigo", you parched
the corn.

wa-to”-thi te o®-gu-thi-go® i, we

parched the corn.
u-thi’-go"-ha, in the midst of pur-
suers.
u’-thi-cgo"-ha, to become a member of
some society or organization; to
join.
u-bthi’-go"-ha, I became a member.
u-shni’-co®-ha, you became a mem-
ber.
o0®-gu’-thi-co®-ha i, we bodiine mem-
bers.
u-thi’-do", to draw the reins of a
bridle to check a horse.

ka’-wa thi2 u-bthi-do", I checked
the horse.

ka’-wa thi™ u-shni-do", you checked
the horse.

ka’-wa thi® o-gu-thi-do"™ i,
checked the horse.
u-thi’-dsi*-gthe, too tight.
u-thi’-ho®-ho®, fluttering upon.
u-thi’-ko" thi*-ge, lifeless; sluggish;
inert.
u-thi’-k’u-dse, to drill (a hole).
u-bthi’-k’u-dse, I drill.
u-ni’-k’u-dse, you drill.
o®-gu’-thi-k’u-dsa i, we drill.

we

LA FLESCHE]

u-thi’-mo*, to lock.

u-bthi’-mo2, I lock.
u-ni’-mo*, you lock.
o*-gu-thi-mo®, we lock.

u-thi”’-ga bi a-ka, a defendant in a
lawsuit.

u-thi*’-ge, to bring suit for damages;
legal action; to sue.

u-bthi»’-ge, I sued him.

u-stsi®’-ge, you sued him,

o®-gu’-thi®-ga i, we sued him.

u-thi*’-ge, to hold up; to seize; to

grab; to arrest; to grasp; to catch.
(See u-tho”.)

u-bthi»’-ge, I seized him.

u-stsi®’-ge, you seized him.

o®-gu’-thi"-ga i, we seized him.

u’-thi"-ge, an officer of the law; a
sheriff.

u-thi™-ge a-do"-be, custody of a
prisoner.

U-thi”-ge-no"-zhi", Stands-holding.
Personal name. Refers to the
eagle holding its prey.

u-thi”-ge wa-tse-xi, hard to touch;
the large joint of the spine be-
tween the shoulders.

u-thi’ sh’a-ge, lazy man; an idler.

u-thi’-shi*, to wrap anything up.

u-bthi’-shi, I wrap it up.

u-ni’-shi", you wrap it up.

o®-gu’-thi-shi® i, we wrap it up.
u’-thi-shki, a washtub.

u’-thi-shki wi" ko"-btha, give me a
washtub.

u-thi’-shi*-gthe, to surround an
enemy as in an attack.

u-thi’-sho", marching around in a
circle.

U-thi’-sho"-mo*-i", Moves-in-a-circle.
Personal name. Refers to the
soaring of the eagle.

u’-thi-to", an occupation; a position;
office; employment.

u’-thi-to" ti wi-ta_ te-di
went to my office.

u’-thi-to® ti thi-ta te-di shni a(?) are
you going to your office?

u’-thi-to® tha-gthi® xtsi u-wa-no2-zhi,
I have a good position.

u’-thi-to® tha-gthi= xtsi a-ni,
have a good position.

bthe, I

you

OSAGE DICTIONARY

177

u-thi’-to"-tha, anything propelled by
rolling: a wagon, buggy; a car-
riage.
u-thi’-to®-tha k’o®-¢ga-gi—u-thi-to2-
tha, anthing that is controlled;
k’o"-ca-gi, having great speed:
steam cars.
u-thi’-to"-tha-the, a wagon wheel.
u-thi’-to®-tha tsi-u-tha-ha—u-thi,
action by pulling; to®-tha, to roll
or to make run; tsi-u-tha-ha, little-
wagon-with-a-house-attached-to-it:
a buggy.
u-thi’-to"-tha u-no®-zhi", a garage.
u-thi’-to"-tha wi-ta we’-cta-the a-
gi ko®-btha, I want oil for my
wagon.
u-thi’-to®-tha zhi*-ga, a little wagon;
a wheelbarrow.
u’-thi-ts’a-ge i-wa-xpa-thi", poor
from being improvident; shiftless.
u-thi’-xi-dse, to look around to see
something.
u-bthi’-xi-dse, I looked around.
u-ni’-xi-dse, you looked around.
u®-gu’-thi-xi-dsa i, we looked around.
u-thi’-xi", to inclose or surround
anything; to incase.
u-bthi’-xi", I inclosed it.
u-ni’-xi", you inclosed it.
o®-gu’-thi-xi" i, we inclosed it.
u-thi’-xi"-to", a cobweb.
u-thi’-xo", in which to break some-
thing, as in a hole.
u-bthi’-xo", I broke something in the
hole.
u-stsi-xo", you broke something in the
hole.
o*®-gu’-thi-xo" i, we broke something
in the hole.
u-thi-xtho", to pucker the mouth or
to wrinkle the forehead.
i-te u-bthi-xtho", I puckered my
mouth.
i-te u-ni-xtho", you puckered your
mouth.
i-te o®-gu-thi-xtho" i, we puckered
our mouths.
pe tho” u-bthi-xtho2, I wrinkled my
forehead.
pe tho” u-ni-xtho®, you wrinkled
your forehead.

178

u-thi-xtho"—continued.
pe tho” o®-gu-thi-xtho"i, we wrinkled
our foreheads.
u-thi’-xthu-xtha, a rut; furrow.
u-thi’-xto", to drop into the eye.
i2-shta’ tho® mo®-ko® u-bthi-xto., I
drop medicine in my eye.
i-shta’ tho" mo®-ko" u-ni-xto®, you
drop medicine in your eye.
i2-shta’ tho" mo®-ko"® 02-gu-thi-xto®
i, we drop medicine in our eyes
u-thi’-zho"®-ka, confluence; the junc-
tion of two streams.
u’-tho-da-ki-the, relative; kindred;
natural ties of kin.
u’-tho-da-ki-tha hiu a-wa-to" ha, I
have many relatives.
u-tho”’-da, the center.
u-tho”-da wa-tsi, the circle dance.
One of the great war ceremonies,
at which time the people dance in
the form of a circle.
u’-tho"-dse-shi, anxiety; to be anx-
ious; deeply concerned; solicitous.
u’-tho®-dse o®-shi, I am anxious.
u’-tho®-dse thi shi, you are anxious.
u’-tho"-dse o®-shi bi a, he was
solicitous for me.
u’-tho"-dse-shi a-zhi, indifference.
u’-tho®-dse-shi thi®-ge, disuse; out of
use.
u’-tho®-zhi, inevitable.
u’-tho®-zhi e-go®, infallible; unerring;
unfailing.
u-tho’-to", a virtuous woman.
u-thu-a-btha’-ge, calm; serene; tran-
quil; still; quiet; a place that is pro-
tected against the violence of the
wind.
u-thu-a’-to", to follow; to be next;
sequence.
u-thu’-a-wa-to®, I follow next.
u-thu’-a-tha-to, you follow next.
o0®-tho”’-gu-to” i, we follow next.
u-thu-a’-wa-to® a-no®-zhi», I follow
next to him.
u-thu-a’-to" a-tha-dse, to second a

motion.

u-thu-a’-to"® a-btha-dse, I second the
motion.

u-thu-a’-to" a-shta-dse, you second
the motion.

u-thu-a‘-to® 0®-ga’-tha-dsa i, we sec-
ond the motion.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

u-thu’-ba, penitence; remorse; regret.
u-thu’-wa-ba, I regret.
u-thu’-tha-ba, you regret.
o®-tho®’-gu-ba i, we regret.
ni’-ka-shi-ga u-thu’-ba wa-gthi" bi a,
the man was filled with regret.
u-thu’-be-bthi*, the act of twisting,
done by another.
u-thu’-pe-bthi", I am twisting.
u-the’-shpe-bthi", you are twisting.
o®-tho’-gu-be-bthi® i, we are twist-
ing.
u-thu’-btha-ge, a calm.
u’-thu-cge u-tha-ge, the name of a
meeting; a notice to come and
participate.
u-thu-ge thi®-ge,
potent; weakness.
u-thu’-gpe, to close the blade of a

impotence; im-

pocketknife.

u-bthu’-¢gpe, I close the blade of the
knife.

u-nu’-gpe, you closed the blade of
the knife.

o*-gu-¢pa i, we closed the blade of
the knife.
u-thu’-da—u-da, borrow;
which: interest money.
u’-thu-da_ ki-the, genealogy; line-
age.
u-thu’-do"-be, to give thought to an
offer; whether to accept an offer or
not; to make up one’s mind to do
or not to do a thing.
u-thu’-to"-be bthi shto", I made up
my mind.
u-thu’-shto2-be ni shto”, you made up
your mind.
o0*-tho®’-gu-do®-ba i o® thi shto", we
made up our minds.
u’-thu-dse i-no®-zhi"® wa-tho®, song
of the Rising of those who partici-
pate. This is the final song of the
No” -ho®-zhi.-ga_ Ritual of the
I»-gtho”’-ga and Wa-ca-be gentes
and has reference to the fact that
the Ancient Men have performed
the duties required of them.
u-thu’-ga-hi, to stir up what is
cooking or boiling; to paddle.
u-thu’-wa-ga-hi, I am stirring what is
in the pot cooking.
u-thu’-tha-ga-hi, you are stirring
what is in the pot cooking.

thu, by

LA FLESCHE]

u-thw’-ga-shke, to tie something with
a string or rope.
u-thu’-wa-ga-shke, I tied it.
u-thu’-tha-ga-shke, you tied it.
o®-tho®’-gu-ga-ksha i, we tied it.
u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi, pantaloons;
pants; trousers.
u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi?
patch my pants.
u-thu’-gi-no"-zhi® a-tha-gi
you patch your pants.
u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi® a-gi-no® btha-ca, I
tore my pants.
u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi® o°-tha no® btha-ce,
you tore your pants.
u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi® a-ga-ha, overalls.
u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi® a-ga-ha wi-ta, my

a-a-gi-pa-cta, I

pa-cta,

overalls.
u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi" aga-ha thi-ta, your
overalls.
u-thu’-gtha, to repent; regret; re-
morse.

u-thu’-wa-gtha ha, I repented.
u-thu’-tha-gtha ha, you repented.
o®-tho™’-gu-gtha i, we repented.
u-thu’-gtha thi"-ge, remorseless;
having no remorse.
u-thu’-gthe, to put an upright article
in a receptacle for another person,
as putting another person’s cane or
umbrella away for him.
u-thu’-gtho", a piece of anything,
cloth or paper.
u-thu’-ha, following.
u-thu’-ha-ge, the last time.
u-thu’-ha-ge tse, final; the final act;
the last.
Tsi’-zhu u-thu-ha-ge, the last in the
line of the Tsi’-zhu gens.
u-thu’-hi, to reach an object placed
above the head.
u-thu’-wa-hi, I reached up for it.
u-thu’-tha-hi, you reached up for it.
o®-tho” -gu-hi i, we reached up for it.
u-thu’-hi zhi, unable to reach.
u-wa’-hi mo®-zhi, I am unable to

reach.

u-thu’-tha-hi a-zhi, you are unable
to reach.

o®-tho”’-gu hi ba-zhi i, we are unable
to reach.

u-thw’-hi a-zhi, too narrow; too small,
as a blanket.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

179

u-thu’-ki, to defend; to defend a
friend or relative in a fight or alter-
cation; to uphold in an argument.

u-thu’-wa-ki, I defended him.
u-thu’-tha-ki, you defended him.
o®-tho®-gu-ki i, we defended him.

u-thw’-ki-¢go"-thi", to hide behind a
tree or hill.

u-thu’-ki-ho®, two kinds of food boiled
or cooked together.

u-thu’-k’o"-he, to put a horizontal
object into a receptacle for another
person.

u-thu’-pe-bthi", the act of twisting,
done by one’s self.

u’-thu-no"-zhi", substituting in an
office in place of and for another;
regency.

u-thu’-pshe, to follow a trail of an
animal.

ci-gthe u-thu’-wa-pshe, I followed the
animal’s trail.
gi-gthe u-thu’-tha-pshe, you
lowed the animal’s trail.
ci-gthe o*-tho™-gu-psha i, we fol-
lowed the animal’s trail.
u-thu’-pshe, cradle board.
u-thu’-shi ha u-mo2-thi‘, to walk
in advance of a group of people.
u-thu’-shi ha u-mo®-bthi",I walked
in advance.
u-thu’-shi-ha u-mo®-shni, you walked
in advance.
u-thu’-shi-ha o®-gu mo®-thi® i, we
walked in advance.
u-thu’-stsu-e, a dresser or drawer.
u-thu’-ta-cga, adorning; becoming;
pleasing in looks; a dress which is
suitable to the person wearing it.
u-thw’ -ta-thi*, poor; poverty-stricken.
(See wa-xpa’-thi*.)

u-thu’-thi-gtha, he regrets he did
not meet you.

u-thu’ thi*-ga-zhi, to have enough
for all the guests or applicants.

u-thu’-thi-thi"-ga_ mo®-zhi, I have
enough for all.

o®-tho®-wo® thi®-ga a-zhi, you have
enough for all.

wiu’-tha-thi*-ga ba-zhi i, we have
enough for all.

u-thu’ thi®-ge, there was not enough
to go around.

fol-

180

u-thu-to", straight; upright; true;
honest; good character.

u-thu’-to®, accurate.

u-thu’-to® a-zhi, not true; not

straight; dishonest; not accurate;
not upright; can not be depended
upon.
u-thu’-ts’a-ge, anything that be-
comes a nuisance; offensive; vexa-
tious or annoying; (2) not willing;
lazy; idle; one who shirks, avoids
work, evades responsibility.
u-bthu’-ts’a-ge, I am unwilling.
u-ni’-ts’a-ge, you are unwilling.
o®-gu’-ts’a-ga i, we are unwilling.
u-thu-ts’a-ge i-wa-xpa-thi"—u-thu-
ts’a-ge, to shirk; i-wa-xpa-thi®,
poor because he would not work;
to-shirk-work: shiftless.
U-thu’-xa-wa-the, a personal name
in the Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens.
u-thu’-xtha, to pull on, as leggings.
ho®-be u-bthu-xtha, I pulled on my
leggings.
ho®-be u-nu-xtha, you pulled on your
leggings.
ho®-be 02-gu-thu-xtha i, we pulled on
our leggings.
u-thu’-xtha-ha, underneath; down-
ward.
u’-to®-ba, to be noticed, identified.
u-to™-be, to investigate.
u-to”’-be pa-xe, I investigate.
u-to”’-be shka-xe, you investigate.
u-to”’-be o®-ga-xa i, we investigate.
u-to” -be-the, to investigate a matter
to see what can be done.
u’-to"-be-the pa-xe, I investigated
the matter.
u’-to®-be-the shka-xe, you
gated the matter.
u’-to®-be-the o®-ga-xa i, we investi-
gated the matter.
u-to™-ga, not quite; the larger part.
u’-tse, the wound, or a wound.
u-tse’, to search for; to hunt.
u-wa-tse’, I hunt.
u-tha-tse’, you hunt.
o®-gu’-tsa i, we hunt.
u’-tse-xi, acts difficult to perform,
such as warlike acts required to be
performed in order to win honors
and rank.

investi-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

U-tse’-xta, the name of The Little
Osages.
u-tse’-xta, the base of a hill.
u-tsi’, dwell; an abode; abiding place;
a home; (2) a site suitable for a
house or camp.
u-tsi’ do®-be tha-gthi®, it is a beauti-
ful site.
u-tsi’, plenty; plentiful.
u-tsi’-k’a, moldy; mold.
u’-tsi zhe ga-xe shto®, riotous; noisy;
turbulent.
u’-tsi", to maul; to beat; to pound;
to strike; (2) to give a drubbing;
to thrash.
u-wa’-tsi®, I struck him.
u-tha’-tsi", you struck him.
o®-gu’-sti" i, we struck him.
u’-tsi-zhe, a row; an uproar; arumpus;
(2) a fracas; riot; disorder; a fray.
u-tsi’-zhe, to roar; (2) to make any
kind of a noise.
u’-tsi-zhe ga-xe, a
tumult.
u’-tsi-zhe pa-xe, I made a rumpus.
u’-tsi-zhe ga-xa bi a, he made a

(See u’-she.)

riot; uproar;

rumpus.

u’-tsi-zhe shka-xe, you made a
rumpus.

u’-tsi-zhe o®-ga-xa i, we made a
rumpus.

u’-wa-bi® ba-da-da zhe, the blood
bubbling up from the wound of the
little animal. (Ritual.)

u’-wa-do"-=be—u, in which to; wa-
do®-be, see; a theater; a circus.

u’-wa-do®-be the o®-cu, I like to go to

the theater.

u’-wa-ga-shi-be, a salary; a fee.

u’-wa-ga-shi-be a-ghti®-ha, an addi-
tional allowance besides the regu-
lar salary or wages; perquisites.

u-wa’-ki-ba-xtha, I met him face to
face.

u’-wa-ki-gtha-dse, statute; written
law.

u’-wa-mo"-xe-the, deception; falla-
cious.

u-wa’-ni-ka-shi-ga, I dwell as a
person. (From a ritual.)

u’-wa-no"-btha tha-gthi", good to
eat; delicacy.

u’-wa-pi-gthe, a house for storing
supplies; a storehouse.

LA FLESCHE]

u’-wa-tha-dse—u, in which; wa,
things; tha-dse, uttered or spoken:
the law.

u’-wa-thi-gki, a place agreed upon for
meeting or for a gathering; a
rendezvouz.
u-wa’-to®, next in order or line; the
next in time, place, or rank.
u’-wa-tse-xi, difficulty.
u’-wa-we-stse, disgraceful; shameful-
u’-we, field.
u’-we-ga-xe, to till the soil; to make a
field.
u’-we-pa-xe, I made a field.
u’-we-shka-xe, you made a field.
u’-we-0®-ga-xa i, we made a field.
u’-we ga-xe tha-gthi", to cultivate;
good to make a field.
u’-we-hno®, thankfulness; gratitude.
u’-we kshe mo®-hi® wa-gthi", the
field is weedy.
u’-we-to®-i2 (n.), a register; a token;
a keepsake; a sign; something
placed to aid in the memory of a
place.
u-we’-to2-i", to register.
u-we’-to®-i" pa-xe, I registered.
u-we’-to®-in shka-xe, you registered.
u-we’-to®-i" o"-ga-xa i, we registered.
u‘-we-to"-i" ga-xe a-ka, a recorder;
one who is employed to make
records.
u’-we-to"-i® ga-xe—u-we-to"-i", a
mark of some kind by which a
thing may be found; ga-xe, to
make; to make a mark of identifi-
cation; (2) a written record; a
deed; a written instrument by
which is recorded the transfer of
real property.
u’-we-to®-i8 pa-xe, I made a mark of
identification.
u’-we-to®-i2 shka-xe, you made a
mark of identification.
u’-we-to"-i? o"-ga-xa i, we made a
mark of identification.
u’-we-to"-i" gi-k’i, to give a receipt
for money paid; a record of the
settlement of accounts.
u-we’-to"-i" a-ki’i, I gave a receipt.

u-we’-to®-i" tha-k’i, you gave a
receipt.
u’-we-to"-i" o®-k’i i, we gave a

receipt.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

181

u-we’-wa-hu-stsa, a lunch; to take
lunch; a light meal.
u’-wi-a-zhi, taciturn; disinclined to
talk; reticent.
u’-wi-a-zhi wa-gthi® bi a, he is very
reticent.
u-wi'-ci, to leap; to jump in play;
(2) to alight; to dismount.
u-tha’-wi-gi, you dismount.
o02-gu’-wi-ci i, we dismount.
u-wi’-ga-sho®, to tend; to serve a sick
person; to act as a nurse for a
person who is ill.
u-we’-ga-sho", I acted as nurse.
u-the’-ga-sho", you acted as nurse.
o0®-gu’-wi-ga-sho"i, we acted as nurses.
u-wi' -ko®, to help; to give aid in times
of distress.
u-we’-ko®, I gave help.
u-the’-ko", you gave help.
on-gu’-wi-ko® i, we gave help.
u-wi”’-gthe, a house afire.
u-wi™ i-he-the, to act and to struggle
in a body; all taking part.
u-wo®, to be busy.
u’-o® 02-wo® tsi, I am busy.
u’-o® u-thi-tsi, you are busy.
u’-xo-be xtsi, hardly; barely.
u-xo-be xtsi o" bi a, we barely
escaped with our lives.
u-xpa’-the, to grope; to feel around
with the hands in the dark; (2)

to fall; to become lost. (See
xi-tha.)
0®-wo"’-xpa-the, I felt around in the
dark.
u-thi’-xpa-the, you felt around in the
dark.
u-wa’-xpa-tha i, we felt around in the
dark.
u-xpa’-the-ga-xe, mislead; to lead

one into error.
u-xpa’-the pa-xe, I misled him.
u-xpa’-the shka-xe, you misled him.
u-xpa’-the o®-ga-xa i, we misled him.
u’-xta (a.), marvelous; pleasing; mys-
terious; lovable.
u’-xta, to prize highly; to hold a thing
as precious or valuable.
u’-xta pa-xe e-go" ca-gi u-bthi*-ge, I
hold it precious.
u’-xta shka-xe e-go" c¢a-gi u-ni ge,
you hold it precious.
u’-xta o®-ga-xa i e-go™ ¢a-gi o®-gu-
thi2-ga i, we hold it precious.

182

u’-xta-the, to be fond of a person.
u-xta-a-the, I am fond of that person.
u-xta-tha-the, you are fond of that
person.
u-xtha’-be, a thicket; a dense forest; a
grove; woods.
u-xtha’-be dse u-wa’-ha-ce, I took
refuge in a forest.
u-xtha’-be dse u-tha’-hace, you took
refuge in a forest.
u-xtha-be ke tsi i-tha ki-no®-xthe, I
hid in the thicket.
u-xtha’-be ge u-ba wi®-xe o*-ga-the
tse a-tha, let us take a walk in the
woods.
u-xtha’-be ga-shta, clearing; the
clearing of a space in the woods.
u-xtha’-be ge dsi, the places where
there are trees.
u-xtha’be u-ko" (Om. same), glade;
an open space in a forest.
u-xtha’-e ba-ta, a grove; forest.
u-xtha‘-zhi, secondary; of less im-
portance; inferior; (2) failure to
beat in a race.
u-wa’-xtha-mo"-zhi, I failed to beat
in the race.
u-tha’-xtha a-zhi, you failed to beat
in the race.
u-xthe’, to overtake.
u-wa’-xthe, I overtake.
u-tha’-xthe, you overtake.
o»-gu’-xtha i, we overtake.
u-xthe’-xthe-ge, the tenderloin of an
animal (buffalo) when butchered
u-xthe’-xthe-ga ke tha-tse o*-tha-
gtho" no® a-tha, I like to eat the
tenderloin.
u’-xthi, anger; violence; imperfection.
(From a ritual.)
u’-xtho"-shto", to be cross; disagree-
able.
a-xtho»’-shto®, I am cross.
tha’-xtho®-shto", you are cross.
o”-xtho®-shto® i, we are cross.
u-xthu’-k’a, a hollow tree or log.
u-xthu’-xtha, ditch.
u-xto” (Om. same), to percolate; to
drip.
tsi wi-ta ni u-xto", water dripped
into my house.
mo®-ko® ga-be tse u-xto" pa-xe, I per-
colate the coffee.
mo®-ko" ga-be tse u-xto" shka-xe,
you percolate the coffee.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

u-xto®’—continued.
mo®-ko" ¢a-be tse u-xto® 0®-ga-xa i,
we percolate the coffee.
u-zhe’-tha, to be tired; to be weary.
o®-wa-zhe-tha, I am tired.
u-thi’-zhe-tha, you are tired.
u-wa’-zhe-tha i, we are tired.
u-zhe’-tsi, fireplace. (Om. u-zhe’-ti.)
u’-zhi, to plant.
u-zhi’ pshi a-tha, I have been to
plant.
u’-tha-zhi she a-tha, you have been
to plant.
u-zhi’ 0-ga-hi bi a-tha, we have been
to plant.
u-zhi"-ga, when it is yet small; the
new moon.
u’-zhi to-ho, a blue bottle.
u’-zhi to-ho zhi*-ga. a vial; small
bottle.
u-zho*-ge, a trail; a path; a route to be
taken; a thoroughfare; a road.
u-zho™-ge ke btha-tha, the road is
wide.
u-zho”’-ge ke ¢ka-cka-be, the road is
muddy.
u-zho™-ge i-ga-xe, a marker for a
cornfield used in making furrows.
u-zho”-ge thi"-ga, a footpath.
u-zho"-ge u-ta-no®, a road between
rows of houses; a street; a thor-
oughfare.
u-zho”-tsi, a house in which to sleep;
a dormitory.
u’-zhu, main; the principal.
u’-zhu, a pocket; a receptacle.
u-zhu-a’ gi-zhi" bi, one who is held
in high esteem by the people; a
man of prominence.
u-zhu-a’ gi-zhi*® bi this-kshe, the
favored one; the favorite.
u-zhu’- a-ka, the person himself; per-
sonally; self,
u-zhu-a’ to® he, I who stand here.
u-zhu’ tha to® she, you who stand
here.
u-zhu’-a-ka i-ta bi ge, self-interest.
u-zhu a‘-ki-zhi*, conceit; vainglori-
ious; egotism; pride.
u-zhu-a’-zhi", to hold in esteem; to
respect.
u-zhu’ a-a-zhi*, I respect.
u-zhu a’-tha-zhi®, you respect.
u-zhu’ o®-ga-zhi" i, we respect.

LA FLESCHE]

u’-zhu-ha, a sack or bag.
u’-zhu-ha stsu-dse xtsi wi" a-bthi?,

OSAGE DICTIONARY

183

u’-zhu-k’o" ga-xe, to wager.
u’-zhu-k’o" pa-xe, I made a wager.

I have a warm sack. u’-zhu-k’o" shka-xe, you made a
u’-zhu-k’o®, a wager. wager.

u’-zhu-k’o® pa-xe, I made a wager. u’-zhu-k’o" 0®-ga-xa i, we made a
u’-zhu-k’o" shka-xe, you made a wager.

wager. u’-zhu zhi®-ga, a small bag.
u’-zhu-k’o" o®-ga-xa i, we made a

wager.

W

Wa-a’-bi, the moon for preparing the
ground for planting; Osage name
for April.

wa’-a-no®-k’o" phsi e tho, I have
been to hear them.

wa’ -a-ki-pa, I met them coming.

wa-ba’-ci-ge, wasp. The wasp figures
in the tribal rites as a symbol of
the weapons of the warriors who
go forth to fight in defense of the
homes of the people.

wa-ba’‘ci-ge wi® o®-ba-ci-ga bi a, a
wasp stung me.

wa-ba’-ci-ge ca-be—wa-ba’-ci-ge, a
stinger; ga-be, black: black sting-
er—a hornet.

wa-ba’-ci-ge hi-stse-e, a long-legged
wasp or hornet.

wa-ba’-ci-ge tsi-he, wasp’s nest.

wa-ba’-ci-ge zhu-dse, red wasp.

wa-ba’-cno®, to roast a piece of meat
on a spit.
wa-pa’-gno®, I roast meat on a spit.
wa-shpa’-cno®, you roast meat on a
spit.
o"-wo"-ba-gno® i, we roast meat on
a spit.

wa’-ba-gtha, shy; bashful; modest;
modesty; shamefaced.

wa’-ba-gtha-u-tsi", name of the
special officers organized to whip
the regular officers of the buffalo
chase who fail to do their duty to
punish the unruly.

wa-ba’-ha, to make a sign; to give a
signal. This refers to a signal
given by runners returning with
a good report.

wa-pa’-ha, I signaled.
wa-shka’-ha, you signaled.
o0®-wo®-ba’-ha i, we signaled.

wa’-ba-ha (Om. same), the stretcher;
the Great Dipper. This constella-
tion is frequently referred to in
ceremonial rituals by the Osage.

wa-ba’-hi (Om. same), to graze;
grazing.

wa-ba -ho"—wa, a thing which; ba-
ho", pushes up: a mole. The
name refers to the habit of the
mole of pushing the surface of
the earth upward in making its
underground passages.

wa’-ba-ko"-e-wa-the, hateful;
voking; obnoxious; odious.

wa’-ba-ni-ka ga-xa, the name given

pro-

Delaware Creek, Okla., by the
Osage.
Wa’-ba-ni-ki, the Osage name for

the Delaware Tribe.
wa-ba’-no" Ba-ce wa-tho®, song of
Carving the Roast. This refers
to a ceremonial feast at which the
warriors of the two great tribal
divisions are brought together so
that tradition of the tribal unity
may not be forgotten. This feast
was always held on the first even-
ing of a day’s journey.
wa’ -ba-to-be, to cut skin into pieces
for making moccasins. (See ba-
to-be.)
wa-ba’-tse, one who sews; to sew.
wa-pa-tse, I sew.
wa-shpa’-tse, you sew.
o2-wo"’-ba-tsa i, we sew.
wa’-ba-tse, ribbons.
wa-ba’-tse-wa-k’o, a sewing woman;
a seamstress.
wa-ba’-tse wa-k’o wi i-tha-the ko®-
btha, I want to find a seamstress.

184

wa-ba’-xi, The awakeners. Refers to
its office of urging the messengers
to prompt action. The name of a
fe subgens of the Tsi’-zhu gens; acts
as Sho’-ka to both itself and the
gens.
wa-ba’-xte, luggage; bundles.
wa-ba’-xte, to pack.
wa-pa’-xte, I pack.
wa-shpa’-xte, you pack.
0®-wo®-ba-xta i, we pack.
wa’-ba-xtho-ge, the awl perforations
of a piece of skin being sewn to
shape for moccasins. Used in
rituals.
wa-ba’-xtse, the portable shrine, con-
taining sacred articles; (2) a pack;
a bundle; anything tied like a
bundle.
wa-ba’-xtse zhi®-ga, a packet; a
small bundle; a portable shrine.
wa-ba’-zhi" (Om. same), errand; mes-
sage; messenger; one who carries
a message for another; (2) to
mediate; a mediator.
wa-ba’-zhi2 bthe, I am going on an
errand.
wa-ba’-zhi" stse, you are going on an
errand.
wa-ba’-zhi gthi, the return of a
messenger to his village to make
a report.
wa’-be-bthi" hi, the twiner. A plant
that twines itself around a tree,
something like the poison ivy.
wa’-be-to", a wrapper; any kind of
skin or cloth used for wrapping
treasured articles.
wa’-bi-co"-dse, to press or hold to the
ground, as an animal to prevent its
escape.
a’-pi-co"-dse, I prevented the animal
from escaping.
a’-shpi-co"-dse, you prevented the
animal from escaping.
o®-ga-bi-co"-dsa i, we prevented the
animal from escaping.
wa’-bi-dse. (See hu-a’-bi-dse.)
wa-bi-dsu-dse-cka, hulled corn.
wa-bi’, blood; bleeding.
o0®-wor’-bi2, I am bleeding.
wa-thi’-bi", you are bleeding.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

wa-bi®’—continued.
wa-bi” o® bi-ga mo-zhi7, I am
bleeding (at the nose) and it has
not stopped.

Wa-bi® i-ta-zhi, Those-who-do-not-
touch-blood. The name of a sub-
gens of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge,
the Peacemaker gens.

wa-bo’-cke, flour, wheat.

wa-bo’-cke ba-xtse, sheaf or bundle.

wabo’-cke da-pa, round bread; bis-
cuit.

wa-bo’-cke ga-cge, to reap; to cut
wheat or other grain.

wa-bo’-cke a-ce, I reap.
wa-bo’-cke tha-ce, you reap.
wa-bo’-cke o®-ga-ca i, we reap.
wa-bo’-cke hi, straw; stalks of wheat
or other small grain.

wa-bo’-cke hi" stse-e, hairy wheat;
rye.

wa-bo’-cke i-ba-xtse, reaper.

wa-bo’-cke i-tsi", a threshing ma-
chine; a separator.

wa-bo’-cke-u-gu, seed wheat.
wa-bo’-cke ko"-to", binder for wheat
or other grain.

wa-bo’-cke u-tsi*, to thresh wheat
(literally, to strike wheat).

wa-bo’-cke u-wa-tsi®, I thresh wheat.

wa-bo’-cke u-tha-tsi", you thresh
wheat.

wa-bo’-cke o*-gu-tsi" i, we thresh
wheat.

wa-bo’-cke u-zhu, to sow wheat.
wa-bo’-cke u-wa-zhu, I sow wheat.
wa-bo’-cke u-tha-zhu, you sow wheat.
wa-bo’-cke o®-gu-zhu i, we sow wheat.
wa’ -btha-xi-a-tha, I bite down on
these trees to make them fall
upon (the enemy). An expression
found in the Beaver ritual.
wa-bthi’-ga-a-thi" he a tho (m.
sp.), I am husking corn.
wa-bthi-ga athi" he the (w. sp.), I
am husking corn.
wa’-bthi‘, I have them.
wa’-bthi-xa-mo"® zhi sho™ a-thi®
he the, I am not yet married.
wa-btho”-go"®-co"-e, a lariat. This
was used for leading the horses of a
bride when she was being taken by

LA FLESCHE]

wa-btho*’-go"-¢o"-e—continued.
her relatives to the parents of the
bridegroom in a marriage cere-
mony. It was made of buffalo
hair. The eight-strand lariat is
highly valued by the Osage. Few
men or women knew how to make
one. A fine specimen is in the
National Museum at Washington,
DC.

wa-btho® pi-zhi, a bad odor.

wa’ -bthu-xe, I am married (w. sp.).

wa’ -ga-a-cka, satchel.

wa’-ca-a-cka tse-ga wi? a-bthi, 1

have a new satchel.

wa’ -ca-a-cka zhi®-ga, a little satchel.

wa-ca-be, black bear. Before their
country became thickly settled by
Europeans the Osage Indians hunt-
ed the black bear to use its flesh for
food, and its skin was highly
valued as u-mi’-zhe, bedding.
There were two ways of killing the
bear; one was by shooting the
animal with the bow and arrow;
the other was by spearing with a
lance while the animal was in its
cave sleeping. The hunting in the
cave was done by the aid of torches
of wood soaked in grease. The
shi’-be, intestine, of the animal is
earefuly cleansed, dried, scraped,
and bleached in the sun until it is
perfectly white. It is then cut
into narrow strips to be used by
young women for tying the hair.
The black bear figured prominently
in the myths, traditions, and tribal
rites of the Osage. His entire
body symbolized long life and old
age; his claws were the symbols of
courage and fire, the fire that
knows no mercy; his entire body
was the symbol of the charcoal
which the warrior was required to
put on his face when about to
attack the foe; his paws were the
symbols of the thirteen military
honors called o-do®”, which every
warrior must strive to win in order
to attain social prominence.

Wa-ca-be cka, the white bear. A
subgens of the Wa-ca’-be to®
gens; acts as Sho’-ka to both
itself and the gens.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

185

wa-ca’-be ni-dse wa-cpe, the hiber-
nating of the black bear.

wa-ca -be-pa-da, cub; bear cub.

wa-ca-be u-ca-ka thit-ge, The-
black - bear - that - has-no-blemish.
This animal was used in the rites
to represent fire and charcoal, war
symbols.

Wa-ca’-be u-tsi, where bears are
plentiful; Bear Creek. The trail
had now traveled about 30 miles,
it being the fourth camp in the
third buffalo trail.

Wa-¢a’-be -wa-k’o, Black-bear woman
Female personal name.

Wa-ca’-be wa-tho®, Black Bear Songs.
In this group of songs (four in
number) reference is made to the
soil of the earth given by the black
bear to the people to be used as a
sign of vigil by them when ap-
pealing to the Divine power for
aid in overcoming the enemy.
The first of this group refers to the
touching of the earth; the second
to the sanctity of the act by which
a person taking the rite of vigil
puts upon his face the soil as a
supplication symbol; the third
song relates to the Do-do™-ho*-ga,
who goes to a place of seclusion,
where he can perform the rite of
vigil undisturbed; and the fourth
song relates to the singer in his
vigil, how he recalls the former
success of the Do-do*’-ho*-gas,
who had faithfully performed all
the acts required by the Rite of

Vigil.
Wa-ca’-be wa-tho®, Black Bear
Songs. This particular group of

songs are of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-
ge version. Among the Osage the
mystic songs were treasured, be-
cause all songs have been handed
down from the ancient men and
are held sacred as being utterances
of holy men. In song 3 of this
group mention is made of the
office of the Black Bear as being
custodian of the four symbolic
flint knives.

Wa-ca’-be we-da-tha-bi, when the
black bear gives birth to its
young: month of December.

186

Wa-ga’-be-wi", Black-bear-woman.
Female personal name.

wa-¢a’-be zhi®-a, a small bear.

Wa-¢ca’-e-wa-ko"-da-gi, Mysterious-
bear. Personal name.

Wa-¢ca’-e-zhi"-ga, Little-bear.
sonal name.

wa-ca-ki-e, a friend to little ones.

wa’-ca-ki-the (archaic), probably
brother, used in the penalty ritual.

Wa-ge’ to” xo-dse ga-xa, Green Clay
Creek, branch of the Verdigris
River, Okla.

Wa-ge-to"-xo-e, the Verdigris River.
Green paint was secured here.
This was the second camp of the
second buffalo trail.

wa-ce’-zhu-dse (Om. same), red clay;
red paint; rouge.

wa-ci -gi-e, rubber.

wa-Gi-ci-e ho*-be—wa-ci-ci-e, thing
elastic; ho™-be, moccasin, shoe:
rubbers.

wa-Gi’-ci-e ho"-be ste-tse—wa-ci-ci-e,
thing elastic; ho™-be, moccasins;
ste-tse, long or tall: rubber boots.

wa-G¢i-ci-e ta-be, a rubber ball.

wa-ci'-gi-ge, brave; valorous; valiant;
active; (2) prowess.

wa-Gi -ci-tha, rubber; something that
is elastic.

wa-ci-da, the ripening of the corn;
the harvest.

wa-¢i-da u-zho"-ge, harvest path;
the milky way; the galaxy.

wa-ci’-hi, clean in character; without
reproach; free from blame; tidy;
neat.

o*’-wo"-ci-hi, I am neat.
u’-thi-ci-hi, you are neat.
wa-ci-hi a-zhi, impure;
dirty; poverty stricken.
wa-gi -hi ga-xe, to cleanse; to purify.
wa-ci’-hi a-ki pa-xe, I cleanse.
wa-ci’-hi tha-ki shka-xe, you cleanse.
wa-ci’-hi o"-ki ga-xa i, we cleanse.
wa-ci-hi-ki-the, to disinfect; to
cleanse one’s self.
wa-ci'-hi-ki-the a-ki-the, I cleansed
myself.
wa-ci'-hi-ki-the —that-ki-the,
cleansed yourself.
wa-ci’-hi-ki-the o®-ki-tha i, we dis-
infected ourselves.

Per-

unclean;

you

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

Wa’-ci-the-ge Wi-gi-e, Footstep
ritual. This is the first section of
the ritual following the song of ap-
proach to the house. The songs
and ritual alternate as they pro-
ceed.

wa’-ci-thu-ge, the act of taking foot-
steps toward some place and for
some purpose, as the taking of
footsteps toward ‘‘the House of
Mystery,” the first movement in
the ceremony of initiation into the
mysteries of tribal rites.

wa-cka’, intelligible; (2) clear to the
understanding; lucid.

wa-cki’-the, sauce; fruit; sweet food.

wa-cki -the-ga-be, blackberries.
wa-cki'-the tha-tse, dessert; eating
sweets.

wa-ckiu’-e hi ste-e, tall blackberry;
long vines (Rubus alleghaniensis).

wa-ckiu’-the zhu-dse, cranberry.

wa’-co"-dse, any woven article; tex-
tile.

wa’-gpa-zhi, an unprincipled person;

mischievous; ill-mannered; _ bois-
terous.
wa’-cpe, tranquil; quiet; well be-

haved; good habits.
¢a-ni wa’-¢cpe i, all is tranquil.
wa-ctu -dse, slow walking or moving.
wa-da’, speaking; to solicit; to petition.
wa-da’-btho" tha-gthi", a savory
smell of things cooking.
wa-da’-cto-¢ta, pecan nuts.
wa-da’-cto-¢gta hi, pecan tree.
wa-da’-gthe, a domesticated animal.
wa-da’-gthe wa-no®-bthe, cattle
feed; provender.
wa-da’-gthe-zhe, a mark; a brand
placed on horses and cattle for
identification.
ka’-wa da’-gthe-zhe a-gi
I branded the horse.
ka’-wa the da’-gthe-zhe tha-gi the ha,
you branded the horse.
ka’-wa the da’-gthe-zhe o®-gi-tha i,
we branded the horses.
wa-da’-ho"—wa, things; da, by heat;
ho®, raised—things-raised-by-heat:
light bread.
wa-da’-i"-ga, a lover of jests; a
joker; one who is fond of fun or a
frolic.

the ha,

LA FLESCHE]

wa-da’-shta-ha ga-xe, to iron
clothes; smoothing with an iron.
wa-da’-shta-ha pa-xe, I iron the
clothes.
wa-da’-shta-ha shka-xe, you iron the
clothes.
wa-da’-shta-ha o®-ga-xa i, we iron
the clothes.
wa-da’-shto®, a beggar.
wa-da’-thi®-ge, playful; skittish.
wa-da -u-zhi, gizzard.
wa-da’ wa-tho", supplication songs.
These songs refer to the continu-
ance of the supplicatory rites in
which the chosen one for the vigil
mediates between his warriors and
Wa-ko»’-da. Thesong has but one
stanza and is sung four times in
succession.
wa-da’-xo"-xo", something
flashes fire; firefly.
zhi®-ga zhi®-ga a-ba wa-da’-xo®-xo"
u-xthe gi-tha-gthi bi a, children
like to catch fireflies.
wa-da’-zho"-xe, the strong smell of
burning rubber.
wa-da’-zhu-e, hominy.
wa-do’-ka (trope), scalps of men.
wa-do’-ka we-ku, invitation to the
No” -ho®-zhi2-ga to the ceremonial
distribution of scalps.
wa-do”, the ruler; king (playing card).
wa-do”™-be, the act of seeing; applied
to a runner in search of buffalo.
wa-do”-be mo"-thi® o(!) go and see!
wa-do”™-be stse-e, a rude person who
stares at strangers; a starer.
wa-dse’-pa-i", meaning lost; used as
an Official title among the Osage
for a crier.
wa -dsi-ni, a disease; a malady.
wa-dsiu’-e, flour.
wa-dsiu’-e bthe-ka, thin bread; pan-
cake.
wa-dsiu’-e bthe-ka ko®-btha, I want
pancakes.
wa-dsiu’-e bthe-ka shko®-shta, you
want pancakes.
wa-dsiu’-e gkiu-the—wa-dsiu-e, corn
cake; ckiu-the, sweet—sweet-corn-
cake: cake.
wa-dsiu’-e-da-pa,
bread.
67025 —32—_—13

that

biscuit; round

OSAGE DICTIONARY

187

wa-dsiu’-e ga-stsu-e, fried bread.
This is made of dough shaped into
round cakes, the top of which is
cut with three slits (as pie crust),
then dropped into hot grease and
fried like doughnuts.

wa-dsiu’-e ga-zhi", to thresh wheat
and other small grain.

wa-dsiu’-e i-ga-zhi", sieve used for
screening grain.

wa-dsiu’-e ko"-dse u-gtho*, pie of
any kind.

wa-dsiu’-e shto®-ga, corn meal.

wa-dsiu’-e ta u-gtho", meat pie.

wa-dsiu’-e tho" he-be bthi-shpe,
I broke off a piece of bread.
wa-dsiu’-e tho" he-be stsi-shpe, you
broke off a piece of bread.
wa-dsiu’-e-xo", corn husks.
wa-dsiu’-e-xu-xu-xe, a cracker.

Wa’ -dsi-u-hi-zhi, Skirt-that-does-
not-go-around. Female personal
name.

Wa-dsiu’-ni a-ki-o2-the ue-mo?-ka—
wa-dsiu-ni, disease; a’-ki-o"-the, to
throw upon; u-mo®-ka, easy—dis-
ease - easy - to- throw-upon an-
other): contagious.

wa-dsi’ -u-thi-xthi, dough pan.

wa-dsu’-dse, gravy; corn gruel.

wa-dsu’-dse u-thi-shi, hominy and
beans put into a bag and boiled.
wa-dsu’-e bi-ge, boiled corn, after
which the kernels are pounded
between two stones. This is then
eaten with grease.
wa-dsu’-e-cko", pounded corn, rolled
into cakes with grease inside to
give a meat flavor.
wa-dsu’-e-i-thi-xthi, dough.

wa-dsu’-e she-no® e-go" a-bthi", I
have sufficient bread.

wa-dsu’-e-x0" u-thi-shi’, corn
dumplings rolled up in corn husks

and boiled. Green corn is gener-
ally used. Very similar to
tamales.

wa-dsu’-e xu-xu xe — wa-dsu-e,

bread; xu-xu-xe, that cracks or
crumbles: crackers.

wa-dsu’-e zhe-gtho", corn pounded
into fine meal, of which is made a
paste that is baked into cakes.

188

wa-dsu’-ta, living creatures; animals;
a term used in rituals.
wa-dsu’-ta hi-u-gthe do-ba—wa-
dsu-ta, living creatures; hi-u-gthe,
long legs; do-ba, four: quadruped.
wa-dsu’-ta-i-hi-tho"-be, tells of the
various places of the earth where
the deer will reveal themselves to
give help to reach old age.
wa-dsu’-ta sha-ge—wa-dsu’-ta, ani-
mal; sha’-ge, claw: animal claw.
wa-dsu’-ta shi"-to zhi"-ga, young
buffalo bull.
wa-dsu’-ta stse-dse, the tall animal;
the elk.
wa-dsu’-ta zhi"-ga, the small animal;
deer. This is also the name given
to a subgens of the Ta-tha-xi"
gens; acts as Sho-ka for both
itself and the gens.
wa-dsu’-ta to®-ga, the great animal;
the buffalo bull.
wa’-ga, buffalo meat, or the meat of
any other animal prepared for
drying in the sun and wind or by
the open fire.
wa-ga’-ca-thu, the act of giving a
stroke with the symbolic gourd
rattle when performing some of
the ceremonies of the tribal rites.
wa-ga’-go"-shto", one who is always
scolding; a nagging person.
wa’-ga-cu, an inspector; a judge.
wa’ -ga-cu, straight; ocrrect; honest.
wa-ga -she, spoils of war; things taken
from the enemy.
wa-ga’-shi-be, to defray; to disburse;
to recompense; to pay for services
rendered; reparation; to indem-
nify.
wa-ga -shi-be thi-tho-to®, to settlea
debt.
wa-ga -shi-be bthi-thoto" pi, I settled
a debt.
wa-ga’-shi-be shni-tho-to™ shi, you
settled a debt.
wa-ga’-shi-be o®-thi-tho-to"® o®-ga hi
i, we settled a debt.
wa-ga’-shu-be, the payment of a fine
for misdemeanor; mulct.
a’-wa-ga-shu-be, I paid a fine.
wa-tha’-ga-shu-be, you paid a fine.
o®-wo®-ga-shu-be i, we paid a fine.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

wa-ga’ -the a-ka, the donor; he who
gives or contributes.
wa-ga’-the-shto", generous; munifi-
cent; liberality; one who gives
freely.
wa-ga -ts’a-e-zhi, impudence; rude;
forward; insolence; officious.
wa-ga -xa, outstrip; the winner of a
race or game.
wa-ga’-xa, to excel.
a-wa’-xa, I excel.
wa-tha’-xa, you excel.
o0®-wo"-ga-xa i, we excel.
wa-ga-xa, excess; excellent.
wa-ga -xa, outstep.
wa-ga’-xa bi o, he made us.
wa-ga -xe, to make; to cause to be.
ha shki pa-gthe i-zho®-zho" wa-ga’-xe
thi2 a a-bi2 da, he makes them to
become restless, to lie here and
there in distress. (From the Pen-
alty ritual.)
wa-ga’-xe, a picture of; a symbol of.
A ritual term. This is also used
in expressing the idea of making
things.
wa-ga’-xe a-ka, the inventor.
wa-ga’-xe pi-o”, skilled in sleight of
hand; legerdemain.
wa-ga’-xe pi-o" bi a, he is skilled in
sleight-of-hand.
wa-ga -xthi, to strike.
a’-xthi, I strike.
tha’-xthi, you strike.
o®-ga’-xthi i, we strike.
wa-ga’-xthi, the name of a war honor
bestowed upon a warrior who has
struck in battle an enemy, alive or
dead. The honor won must be
beyond dispute and must have
been conferred ceremonially to
permit him to count it in a tribal
rite.
wa-ga’-xthi o-do", the striking war
honor. When all the Xthe-ts’a-ge
(eight commanders) had finished
making their claims, then the
warriors or the servant class, who
had struck one of the enemy, come
forward, one after another, and
make claim to wa-ga’-xthi. Each
warrior as he makes his claim drops
a little red stick on the bird belong-
ing to his division.

LA FLESCHE]

wa-ga -xto", the act of pouring water.
wa’-ga-zhi, command. (Om. same.)
wa-gi -gtha-she, to recover; to regain
possession of; to recapture; to
retrieve.
a-gi-gtha-she, I recovered (recap-
tured) it.
tha-gi’-gtha-she, you recovered (re-
captured) it.
o®-gi’-gtha-sha i, we recovered (re-
captured) it.
wa-gi -ka, to invoke; to appeal to.
a-wa -gi-ka, I appealed.
wa-tha’-gi-ka, you appealed.
o2-wo"’-gi-ka i, we appealed.
wa-gi'-shi-be, to remunerate; to re-
pay.
a-gi’-shi-be, I repaid him.
tha-gi’-shi-be, you repaid him.
o»-gi -shi-ba i, we repaid him.
wa-gi -thi-gtho®, to study out a plan
for the benefit of another.
wa-e’-bthi-gtho", I studied out a
plan.
wa-the’-stsi2-gtho”, you studied out
a plan.
wa-gi-zha, denial; to deny.
a-wa’-gi-zha, I deny it.
wa-tha’-gi-zha, you deny it.
o2-wo -gi-zha i, we deny it.
wa-gi-zha wa-tse-xi, irrefutable; not
easily disproved.
wa-gi’-zhu tse ¢a-ni bthi-ge i do, I
took the sweepstakes.
wa-go"-ce (v.), to teach; to instruct;
to preach.
wa-po’-ce, I teach.
wa-shko”’-ge, you teach.
02-wo"’-go"-ca i, we teach.
wa-go"’-ce, an instructor; a preceptor;
a teacher; a preacher.
wa-go"-ce wa-k’o—wa-go"-ce, to in-
struct; wa-k’0, woman: a woman
instructor; a preceptress.
wa-go" -zhi®-ga, to be unskilled.
wa-po®-zhi*-ga, I am unskilled.
wa-shko’-zhi®-ga, you are unskilled.
o®-wa’-go®-zhi®-ga i, we are unskilled.
wa-gtha’-e, to distribute.
we-a-gtha’-e, I distributed among
them.
we-tha-gtha’-e, you distributed
among them.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

189

wa’-gtha-ge, an unfavorable impres-
sion made by a person upon an-
other or upon a number of persons
by his offensive conduct; to
come or go for a person that is a
relative.

wa -gtha-ge, taboo; a thing sacred
which must not be used for pro-
fane purposes, and to which is
attached a penalty, particularly
things consecrated for ceremonial
purposes.

wa-gtha’-wa, to recount.
a’-gtha-wa, I recount.
tha’-gtha-wa, you recount.

o®-gtha’-wa i, we recount,

wa-gthe, a symbolic plume made of a
downy feather of an eagle.

wa-gthe’-ce—wa, _ things;
striped: book.

wa-gthe’-ce, a letter, document, news-
paper; an epistle.

wa-gthe’-ce, a scrip; writing.

wa-gthe’-ge, mail.

wa-gthe-ce’ a-ga-xe, a place on
which papers are written; a desk.

wa-gthe’ -ce ga-xe—wa-gthe-¢e, things
striped; ga-xe, maker: a clerk; a
secretary.

Wa-gthe’-ge ga-xe gi-wa-to"-ga—
wa-gthe’-ce, writing; ga-xe, maker;
gi-wa-to®-ga, chief of: Secretary of
the Interior.

wa-gthe’-ce i-ga-xe—wa-gthe’-ce, a
writing; i, with which to; ga-xe,
make: a pen.

gthe-ce,

wa-gthe’-ce i-ga-xe tha-gthi> xtsi
a-bthi2, I have a good pen.
wa-gthe’-ce i-ga-xe tha-gthi™ xtsi

a-ni, you have a good pen.
wa-gthe’-ce ga-xe, to write; to pro-
bate.
wa-gthe’-ce pa-xe, I write.
wa-gthe’-ce shka-xe, you write.
wa-gthe’-ce o®-ga-xa i, we write.
wa-gthe’-cge-k’i", mail carrier; post-
man.
wa-gthe’-ce k’i" a-ba u-tha-ge wa-
gthe’-ge wit a-thi a-tsi bi a,
the postman brought the paper.
wa-gthe’-ce pi-o”, literate; educated;
learned.
wa-gthe’-ce pi-mo*, I am educated.

190

wa-gthe’-ce pi-o"—continued.
wa-gthe’-ce shpi-zho", you are edu-
cated.
wa-gthe’-ce o"-pi-o™ i, we are edu-
cated.
wa-gthe’-ce-ta-ta-gi—wa-gthe-ce,
writing; ta-ta-ci, ticking: type-
writer. (See mo*’-ce ta-ta-ci.)
wa-gthe’-ce tha-dse, to read; to
read to some one.
wa-gthe’-ce btha-dse, I read.
wa-gthe’-ce stsa-dse, you read.
wa-gthe’-ce tsi, a library; a house for
books.
wa-gthe’-ce u-tsi—wa-gthe’-ce, writ-
ings; u-tsi, house of: post office.
Wa-gthe’-ge u-tsi gi-wa-to"-ga,
Postmaster General.
wa-gthe’-ce wa-tha-¢ta,
stamps.
wa-gthe’-ce wa-tha-cta ¢a-to™ ko-
btha, I want five postage stamps.
wa-gthe’-ce zhi"-ga—wa-gthe-¢ce, pa-
per; zhi®-ga, little: railroad ticket.
wa-gthe’-ce zhi"-ga o™-wo®-xpa-the
i= do, I lost my railroad ticket.
wa-gthe-to" e-go",a plumelike shaft.
wa-gthi’, maggot. (Om. same.)
wa’-gthi, the act of bringing home.
wa -gthi i-he-the, the bringing of the
firewood to the House of Mystery
to represent the enemy. A term
used for the act of burning the
four pieces of wood which repre-
sent the warriors of enemy tribes.
This ceremony is performed at the
rites of a war party of all the
warriors of the tribe.
wa’-gthi", very much; greatly; a great
many; (2) beyond description.
wa -gthi® gi-ba-ko®" bi a, he was in a

postage

rage.
wa -gthi® gi-gu, excessive joy; ec-
stasy.
wa’ -gthiti-gi, to detest; to despise; to
hate.

wa-gthi® i-tha’-ci, I detest.
wa-gthi® i’-tha-¢i, you detest.
wa-gthi® o®-tho’-¢i i, we detest.
wa'-gthi® o-xta-gi-the, excessive
fondness for a relative or friend.
wa’-gthi® o-xta a-gi-the, I am fond
of him.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

wa’-gthi® o-xta-gi-the—continued.
wa’-gthi® o-xta tha-gi-the, you are
fond of him.
wa’-gthi® o®-xta-o"-gi-tha i, we are
fond of him.
wa’-gthi® u-ka-wa-tha bi a, he is
very sickly.
wa-gthi’ u-zhe, flyblow.
wa-gtho"’, to revile; to heap reproach
or scandal upon another.
a’-gtho®, I reviled him.
tha’-gtho", you reviled him.
o®-gtho”’ i, we reviled him.
wa-gtho”-ge, he has married them.
wa-k’o tho®-ba wa-gtho® a-ka o, he
has married two women.
wa-gtho™-gtho®, to curse.
a-gtho»’-gtho", I curse.
tha-gtho™-gtho", you curse.
o®-wo2-gtho®-gtho® i, we curse.
wa-gtho”-shto", one who is in the
habit of calling persons names.
Such a person is shunned,
wa-gtho”-xe shto", witchery; witch-
craft.
wa-ghtu’-ce, harvest.
wa-gthu -shka, bug; any kind of bug;
a worm; an insect.
wa-ghtu’-shka ga-be, black bug; a
cricket.
wa-gthu’-shka ha-sho-ga—wa-
gthu’-shka, a bug; ha-sho-ga, shell,
skin, or covering: a bug with a
shell or tough skin; a shard.
wa-gthu’-shka hi®-shku-be—wa-
gthu-shka, a worm; hi*-shku-be,
thick hair—a worm with thick
hair: a caterpillar.
wa-gthu -shka i-a bi, where a strange
animal was seen at a tributary of
the Neosho on the west, near
where the town of Parsons, Kans.,
now stands. According to the
legend, a party of Osage warriors
was crossing this creek on what
seemed to be a log. When all but
two had crossed, the monster
turned its head downstream and
went away. In an unpublished
manuscript Father Shomaker re-
fers to the creek as ‘‘Labeth.”
The Osage call the creek and the
town of Parsons by the name Wa-
gthu’-shka bi a.

LA FLESCHE]

Wa-ghtu’-shka i-a-bi to"-wo", the
name by which the Osage called
Parsons, Kans. (See Wa-gthu’-
shka i-a-bi.)

wa-gthu’-shka i*-shta to"-ga—wa-
gthu-shka, bug; i®-shta, eyes; to®-
ga, big—big-eye-bug: praying
mantis. This insect is so named
on account of its attitude when
waiting for its prey—that of being
at prayer.

wa-gthu -shka u-tsi, wormy; full of
worms.

wa-gthu’-shka zhi®-ga, little bugs.
Found in rituals.

wa-ha’, leather; any animal skin used
for clothing, such as jackets,
leggings, or moccasins; (2) hides
or pelts of the buffalo, elk, or deer.

wa-ha’, scalp of a slain warrior of the
enemy.

wa-ha’-ba u-she, the corn is plentiful.

wa-ha’-ba u-we, cornfield.

wa-ha’-ge, the last born of a number
of young brothers spoken of as
Ka-ge or Ka-ge wa-ha-ge. The
young brothers serve as messengers
for the Elder brothers. This is a
term used in rituals.

wa-ha’-gi-tha zhi, doubtless.

wa-ha’-gi-the, to be in suspense.

wa-ha’-a-gi-the tho, I was in sus-
pense.

wa-thi’-ha-gi-the, you were in sus-
pense.

wa-ha’-o®-gi-tha i, we were in sus-
pense.

wa he’-he, weak; feeble; soft.
wa-he’-he ga-xe, to weaken.
wa-he’-he pa-xe, I was made weak.
wa-he’-he shka-xe, you were made
weak.
wa-he’-he o®-ga-xa i, we were made
weak.
wa-he’-o2-k’i4, to wrap up bags and
bundles, preparatory to breaking
camp.
wa-hi’, bones.
wa-hi’-ga-xto®, spilling bones; throw-
ing dice.
wa-hi’-a-xto", I threw dice.
wa-hi’-tha-xto", you threw dice.
wa-hi’-o®-ga-xto" i, we threw dice.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

191

wa-hi i-ga-tse, bone smasher; an
implement used for crushing bones
to get out the marrow.

wa-hi'-ni-e (Om. same), aching bones;
lumbago; rheumatism.

wa-hi”-xa-shto", one who flatters.
wa-hi’-o2, to remove; to depart; to
break camp.
a-wa’-hi-o®, I broke camp.
wa-tha’-hi-o®, you broke camp.
o*-wo”’-hi-o" i, we broke camp.
wa-hi’-o", to pack up, as when pre-
paring to break camp; to move
from place to place; to migrate.
wa-hi'-o"-k’i", to load; a load.
wa-hiu’, a bone.

Wa-hiu’-co®-i2, White-bones-woman.
Female personal name. Refers to
the story of bones left to whiten
on the ground.

wa-hiu’-ga-stse, fringes or tassels.

Wa’-hiu-ga-xthi, Strikes-the-bone.
Personal name.

wa-hiu’-k’e, a bone awl.

wa-hiu’-ka zha-ta—wa-hiu-ka, an
awl; zha-ta, forked: a fork.

wa-hiu’-k’e-zha-ta, a forked awl; a
table fork.

Wa-hiu’-tha-zhu, Bone-gnawer. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the habit
of the dog.

wa-hiu’ wa-no®-p’i®, a bone necklace.

wa-hiu’ zhi®-ga—wa-hiu, bone; zhi*-
ga, little—little-bone: button.

wa-hi’-we-gthi, bone grease; the
grease extracted from crushed
buffalo bones.

wa’ -hni, you have them.

wa-ho’-k’a, a young person; a juvenile.

wa-thi’-ho-k’a, you are young.

wa-ho”’, the cross threads in weaving;
the woof; a single thread or strand
of worsted yarn. This is used by
both the Omaha and the Osage for
making woven belts; the material
used was the soft wool from the
buffalo calf.

wa-ho”-i2-ge, literally, no mother.
The word was used among the
Indians when speaking of a child
with neither father nor mother: an
orphan.

192

wa-ho”-i"-ge tsi—wa-ho’-i®-ge, no
mother; tsi, house—no-mother-
house: orphanage.

wa-ho’-shi-ge, valorous; men of vio-

lence. (From a ritual.)
wa-ho’-stsa zhi®-ga, small; tiny;
minute.
wa-ho’-to"-the—wa, things; ho-to?,

to cry; the, to cause—to cause
things to cry out: a gun.
wa-ho’-to®-the a-ba-ha-gi, a rifle
with a brass sight.
wa-ho’-to®-the da-pa—wa-ho’-to*-
the, gun; da-pa, short: a pistol.
wa-ho’-to"-the i-k’u-tse, a target for
testing the accuracy of a gun.
wa-ho’-to®-the i-k’u-tse u-¢ko® a-u,
I hit the target in the center.
wa-ho’-to"-the i-mo®-kshe,
other of the two guns.
wa-ho’-to"-the i-thi-gi-hi, ramrod;
gun cleaner.
wa-ho’-to"-the mo®’-ga-zhe-ga
e-go®, a gun with a skunk-leg
hammer; flintlock musket. On
account of the similarity to the
hind leg of a skunk, the hammer
of the gun is often called by this
name.
wa-ho’-to®-the ni-xo-dse, gunpow-
der.
wa-ho’-to"-the pa, a pistol.
wa-ho’-to®-the pa wi? a-bthi® ha,
I have a pistol.
wa-ho’-to®-the pa wi® a-sti® ha, you
have a pistol.
wa-ho’-to"-the pa zhi®-ga, a revol-
ver.
wa-ho’-to"-the u-ba-xo", a breech-
loading gun.
wa-ho’-to"-the we-ku-dse pi-o”, one
skilled in the use of a rifle; a
marksman.
wa-ho’-to"-the we-ku-dse pi-mo*, I
am a good marksman. i
wa-ho’-to"-the we-ku-dse shpi-zho®,
you are a good marksman.
wa-hu’-da, amusing.
wa-hu’-k’a, young.
o®-wo"’-ho-k’a, I am young.
wa-thi’-hu-k’a, you are young.
wa-hu’-sta, small; tiny.
wa-hu’-stsa zhi*-ga,
minute.

the

very small;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

Wea’ -i®-no*-zhi*,
Personal name.

Wa’-i* Xa-ge, Carrying (a pipe) and
Wailing. This is the first act in
the initiatory ceremony of a
candidate after he receives the
pipe from the A-ki-ho" Xo-ka.
It is a symbol of supplication to
Wa-ko”’-da, and the wailing is an
appeal to the No®-ho®’-zhi2-ga to
recite the Wi’-gi-e (ritual) in its
entirety.

wa’-ka-pa, to meet them.

wa-a’-ki-pa, I met them.
wa-tha’-ki-pa, you met them.
wo"’-ga-ki-pa i, we met them.
wa-kchi’-o"-ge, instruction; to give
instruction to a pupil; to teach.
wa-k’e’-k’i*, a snail.

wa-ke’-the, cattail (Typha latifolia).
This plant is used by the Osage for
making rough mats for covering
their wigwams.

wa’-k’i, to give.

a’-wa-k’i, I give.
wa-tha’-k’i, you give.
wa’-ki-a, pettifogger.
wa’-ki-e zhi"-ga ba we-a-ci, I dislike
a pettifogger.

wa -ki-a-shke, fresh meat tied to each
end of a thong for convenience in
carrying.

Wa’-ki-a-shke, Tied-together. Per-
sonal name. Refers to two pieces
of meat tied for convenience of
the hunter for carrying.

wa’-ki-e, a jurist; lawyer.

wa -ki-gtha-dse—wa, things; ki, pos-
sessive sign; gtha-dse, spoken:
words spoken by a group of
persons for their own use or bene-
fit; law; (2) any rule of action
agreed upon by the male members
of a tribe; ordinance; statute.

wa’ -ki-gtha-dse u-wa-pa, I obey the

Stands-over-them.

law.

wa’-ki-gtha-dse u-tha-pa, you obey
the law.

wa’-ki-gtha-dse u-pa, he obeys the
law.

wa’-ki-gtha-dse a-thi-ta — wa-ki-

gtha-dse, a rule; a-thi-ta, goes
contrary to—goes-contrary-to-rule:
to violate.

LA FLESCHE]

wa -ki-gtha-dse ga-xe, to make laws;
legislate; legislation; law makers.

wa-ki-gtha-e, issue of Government
rations.

wa-ki -gtha-e wa-ga-shi-be, a
money payment to members of the
tribe by the Government.

wa-ki’-gthi-gtho", to meditate over
one’s own needs and comforts
and thinking up plans of action.

wa-ki’-gthi-ts’a-ge, cripple.

we’ -ki-gthi-wi", clothing;
dress; costume.

we -ki-gthi-wi" a-gthi-shki, I washed

my clothes.

regalia;

we’ -ki-gthi-wi" tha-gthi-shki, you
washed your clothes.
we -ki-gthi-wi® o0-gthi-shki i, we

washed our clothes.
wa-k’i™, carrying.
a’-wa-k’i", I carry.
wa-tha’-k’i", you carry.
o®-wo®-k’i" i, we carry.
wa-k’iv i-tse-the—wa-k’i., a bur-
den; i-tse-the, to put down: to
disburden.
wa-k’i tse i-tse a-the, I disburden.
wa-k’i” tse i-tse tha-the, you dis-
burden.
wa-k’i” ge i-tse o®-tho®, we dis-
burden.
wa-k’o’, woman or women.
wa-k’o’ da-ge shto"—wa-k’o, woman;
da-ge, to quarrel; shto", frequently,
does not stop: a quarrelsome
woman.
wa-k’o’ e-go"—wa-k’o’, woman; e-go,
like—womanlike: womanly.
Wa-k’o’-ga-hi-ge, Woman-chief.
male personal name.
wa-k’o’-gi-ts’e, a widower.
wa-k’o’ i-thi-gtho"—wa-k’o0, woman;
i-thi-gtho", thoughts on his mind:
an expression used by the Osage
when a young man turns his
attentions to young women.
wa-k’o mo®-ko2"—wa-k’0, woman;
mo®-ko", medicine: love potion;
philter.
wa-k’o", war honors; to exult.
a-wa’-k’o", I exulted.
wa-tha’-k’o", you exulted.
o®-wa’-k’o" i, we exulted.

Fe-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

193

Wa-ko”-ci, Small-animals. Female
personal name.

wa-k’o”-ci, small game animals.
Their skins are used for various

purposes.

wa-k’o"-ci-ha, skins of small ani-
mals. Skins used for ceremonial
purposes.

wa-k’o"™ -ci-ha op-she wa-tho", Song
of Walking on the Animal Skins.
The procession does not actually
walk upon the skins, but passes by
the symbolic skins, which are hung
up on racks. It is the sun that
really touches each skin and gives
it life.

wa-k’o"-ci thu-ge pe-tho"-be tse,
The Taking of Seven Animals.
This is a ceremony in the smoking
ritual during initiation.

Wa-k’o"-ci thu-ce sha-pe tse, Taking
of Six Animals. This is a part of
the Smoking Ritual which is used
during the initiation ceremony.

Wa-ko"-da, God.

Wa-ko”-da, is the name applied by
the Osage to the mysterious,
invisible, creative power which
brings into existence all living
things of whatever kind. They
believe that this great power
resides in the air, the blue sky, the
clouds, the stars, the sun, the
moon, and the earth, and keeps
them in motion. Sometimes the
Osage speak of a tree, a rock, or a
prominent hill as Wa-ko»’-da, but
when asked if his people had great
numbers of Wa-ko®’-das he would
reply, ‘‘Not so; there is but one
God and His presence is in all
things and is everywhere. We say
a tree is Wa-ko™-da because in it
also Wa-ko*-da_ resides.’’ The
Omaha, Ponca, and Kaw cognate
tribes also use the name just as
here written and give it the same
meaning. In discussing the in-
visibility of Wa-ko’-da, Wa-tse-
mo?-i" gave the following story of
Wa-da’-i2-ga, one of his ancestors:

When Wa-da’-i2-ga was a young man he
joined a war party that was marching against

194

Wa-ko*®’-da—continued.

a certain enemy tribe. The young man
served as a scout in the expedition. The
Osage defeated the enemy and started home-
ward with captives and spoils. During the
march Wa-da’-i=-ga turned aside to take the
rite of vigil. He fasted eight days, and on the
morning of the ninth as he arose he was
startled by the sudden appearance of a man
before him. The stranger said: ‘‘I speak as a
messenger; look toward the east!’’ Wa-da’-i2-
ga looked eastward and saw a man whom he
took to be the sun and fell to the ground
unconscious. When herevived he discovered
that his body had become infested with
maggots. He believed that he had died and
returned to life, and arose to his feet and felt
the return of his strength and vigor. Hasten-
ing to a brook, he stood amidst its rushing
waters, cleansed himself, and then hastened
homeward. For a long time Wa-da/-i2-ga
could get no meaning out of his vision. Then
one day, as he sat with his family, he suddenly
became silent and motionless. He became
himself again; then he sent a messenger for
some of the leading men and told them that a
large war party was approaching the village.
The men aroused their warriors to action;
they met the enemy, slew many of the
bravest, and completely routed therest. The
people in their wonder at the strange manner
in which Wa-da’-i=-ga gave warning fell to
calling him Wa-kon’-da.

Years passed and when Wa-da’-
i"-ga felt that old age was creeping
upon him he called together his sons
and daughters and their children
to have a feast which he prepared
for them, and to have a serious talk
with them. When the feast was
over the old man began:

I wish to speak to you before I depart for
spiritland. Be content with the things it
pleases Wa-ko»’-da to put within your reach.
Do not take the rite of vigil and suffer and
thirst with the hope that you will see Wa-
kor’-da. He is invisible. I tried; I have
failed; no living man hasseen him. No living
man ever will. Wa-ko»’-da can not be seen,
but we know that he is in all places in the sky
and all things that move therein. He is in
the earth, in its still waters, its springs, lakes
and rivers; in its dark forests and in its grasses.
He is everywhere. Our people call me
Wa-kor’-da, but it is wrong to apply that
name toa man. A few times I gave to the
people timely warnings of approaching
danger, and without thinking they called me
Wa-ko»’-da, because there was mystery in the
manner of giving the alarms.

wa-ko”™-da-gi, a person who has
knowledge of medicine; a physician;
a doctor; (2) one who pretends to

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

wa-ko”’-da-gi—continued.
communicate with the dead; a
necromancer; occult; magic; (3)
holy; sacred; anything held sacred.

wa-ko’-da-gi gi-bo® the a-wa ki-the
ha, I sent for a physician.
wa-ko”-da-gi wa-k’o, a sorceress.

Wa-ko” -da-hi-tho"-be, God-who-ap-
pears. Female personal name.
Refers to the rising sun.

wa-ko”-da ho®-ba do®"—wa-ko”-da,
God; ho®-ba don, during the day—
the god of day: the sun.

wa-ko”-da ho" do*—wa-ko’-da,
God; ho" do®, during the night: the
moon.

wa-ko”-da-ho"-ba-wa-gu,
the cloudless days.

Wa-ko" -da-ho"®-no"-pa-ge, Goddess
of darkness.

Wa-ko"-da-i-e,
Personal name.

Wa-ko”-da i-gi-no®-zhi»— Wa-ko”-
da, God; i-gi-no®-zhi", encouraged
by the presence of: a belief in
God that He will answer prayers;
faith in God; religion.

wa-ko"’-da i-thi-gtho"— Wa-ko"-da,
God; the Supreme Being; i-thi-
gtho., in his thoughts: God in his
thoughts; pious.

wa-ko”’-da i-thi-gtho" i ha, he is very
pious.
wa-ko" da
agnostic.
wa-ko” -da-mo"-shi-ta, God of the
upper region (the sky).

Wa-ko” -da-no®-pa-i", The-god-who-
feared. Personal name. Refers
to the constellation Canis Major.

wa-ko"-da tsi, God’s house; a house
of any kind in which the people
gather to worship.

wa-ko»’-da tsi tse u-wa’-pe, I en-
tered the house of God.

wa-ko”’-da tsi tse u-tha-pe, you en-
tered the house of God.

wa-ko"’-da tsi tse o®-gu’-pa i, we
entered the house of God.

wa-ko”-da tsi tse dsi pi, I went into

the tabernacle.

wa-ko” -da-u-dse-ta, Goddess of the
lower region (earth).

God of

One-who-saw-God.

i-thi-gtho"® a-zhi, an

LA FLESCHE]

wa-ko”-da wa-gi-da, supplication;
petition; an appeal to God; to
supplicate.

wa-ko’-da a-wa-gi-da, I petition.

wa-ko”-da wa-tha-gi-da, you peti-
tion.

wa-ko”-da o®-wo®-gi-da i, we peti-
tion.

wa-ko” -di-the, to be in great distress
in mind and body.

o®-wa’-ko®-di-the, I am distressed.

wa-thi -ko®-di-the, you are distressed.

wa-wa -ko®-di-tha i, we are dis-
tressed.

wa-k’o"-ho®-ga, the principal actor
in a ceremony.

wa-k’o’ nika thi®-ge, a woman with-
out a man; a widow.

wa-k’o’ ni-ka to", a married woman.

wa-k’o” no®, sacred acts performed.
A ritual expression.

wa-k’o’ no®*-ho", a woman of ques-
tionable chastity; a harlot; a
prostitute.

wa-ko”-tha, to pounce upon; to at-
tack with force and quickness; a
riot; a raid.

a-wa’-ko®-btha, I attack with force.

wa-tha’-ko®-shta, you attack with
force.

o®-wo" ko®-tha i, we attack with
force.

wa-ko™-tha i-do" t’e-tha i ha, he
was killed in a riot.

wa-ko” tha the-the, going forward
to attack.

Wa-ko”-tha-to"-ga, Great-attacker.
Personal name. Refers to the
attack of the eagle on its prey.

Wa-k’o"-tsi-e, One-who-triumphs.
Personal name.

wa-k’o’-o-ta-¢a, a comely woman.

wa-k’o’-thi-gtho", to make love to a
woman.

wa-k’o’ thi"-ge, has no woman; a
widower.

wa-k’o’ tsi-zhe-be a-ki-da—wak’o,
woman; tsi-zhe-be, door; a-ki-da,
servant—woman-d oor-servant:
portress.

wa-k’o’ u-ta-ca-zhi, a slovenly wo-
man; one who is careless as to
her appearance and dress.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

195

wa-k’o’ wa-thi-xa zhi, an unmarried
woman; a spinster.
wa-k’o wa-thi’-shki—wa-k’o, woman;
wa-thi-shki, washes clothes: a
laundress.
wa-thi’-shki wa-k’o tha-gthi" wi?
i-tha-the he, I found a good laun-
dress.
wa-k’o wa-thi-xe, a married woman.
wa-k’o’ zhi*-ga, mother-in-law; a
crone; an aged woman.
wa-k’o’ zhi”’-ga hi, a woman who has
reached old age.
wa-kshe’, to mean anything.
wa -kKshi®-dse, to miss hitting them.
a-wa’-kshi"-dse, I missed hitting
them.
wa-tha’-kshi®-dse, you missed hitting
them.
o®-wo’-ga-kshi®-dsa i,
hitting them.
wa-k’u’ thit-ke tha-k’e-a-the, I
have sympathy for her.
wa-mo”-dse, seeds of any kind.
wa-mo”-dse we-thi-wi", seedsman;
one who sells seeds.
wa-mo”-gthe the a-ka, an origina-
tor; (2) the Creator; God.
wa-mo”-pshe-the, an ancestor; pro-
creator
wa-mo”-thi", to deliver a message.
wa-mo2-thi2 bthe, I go to deliver a
message.
wa-mo”’-thi® stse, you go to deliver
a message.
wa-mo”-thi*, to march (as soldiers).
wa-mo”’-thi2 bthe, I marched.
wa-mo"-thi® stse, you marched.
wa-mo”-thi., to travel; to go for-
ward from one place to another
on a mission, as a delegate; to go
on a journey.
wa-mo*’-thi® o®-cu a-tha, I like to
travel.
wa-mo” -thi"-the, to proceed.
ci bthu’-the ha wa-mo®-thi* te, I

we missed

proceed.

ci ni’-the ha wa-mo*-thi* te, you
proceed.

ci o®-thu’-tha i wa-mo*-thi® te, we
proceed.

wa-mo”-thi" tho-to® the, direct; to
travel in a straight course; in a
straight line.

196

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

wa-mo"-tho®, to steal; to take that | wa-no”-bthe-tha-to*-ho*, to digest

which belongs to another; to
pilfer.
wa-mo”’-btho2, I steal.
wa-mo’-shto", you steal.
wa-mo"’-tho® a-wi-gtha,
you of stealing.
wa-mo” -tho" 02-tha-gtha, you accuse
me of stealing.
wa-mo*’-tho® tse pi-a-zhi, it is bad
to steal.
wa-mo”-tho"-shto", one who is in
the habit of stealing; a thief.
wa-mo”’-tho®-shto® the u-bthi®-ge,
I caught the thief.
wa-mo” -xe-the, deceipt; fraud; cheat;
(2) to pretend.
wa-mo”’-xe-a-the, I pretend.
wa-mo”’-xe-tha-the, you pretend.
wa-mo’-xe-o®-tha i, we pretend.
wa-mo”-xe-the shto", a crook; a
swindler; a dishonest person.
wa-mu’-gke u-we, wheat field.
wa-ni’-e, pains; the pains of a woman
in giving birth to a child; painful.
gi-thi’ ni-e, you have a pain in your

I accuse

foot.
gi-wa-ni a i, we have pains in our
feet.
Wa-ni’-e-to", Giver-of-life. Personal
name.

wa-ni'-e-u-thi®-ge, a midwife.
wa-ni’-e wa-gthi®, severe pain.
wa'-ni-xe a(P) are you married?
(m. sp.).
wa-no”, the senior; the elder of two
persons. The name of a gens
occupying the office of the
“oldest.”’ Term used in rituals.
wa-no” -btha-zhi, to fast.
a-wa’-no®-btha mo2-zhi, I fasted.
wa-tha’-no® btha zhi, you fasted.
wa-no”-bthe, a meal: breakfast,
dinner, or supper; (2) nourishment;
food.
a-wa -no®-bthe bthi-shto®, I have had
my dinner.
wa-no"’-bthe dsu-ba a-bthi mi2-kshe
o, I have a scant supply of food.
wa-no”’-bthe, to eat; to dine.
a-wa’-no®-bthe, I am eating.
wa-tha’-no*-bthe, you are eating.
o®-wo”’-no®-btha i, we are eating.
wa-no”’-bthe gi-o, come and eat.

food; mastication.
wa-no*’-bthe-btha-to"-ho", I digest
food.
wa-no”’ -bthe-shta-to®-ho®, you digest
food.
wa-no”’ -bthe-o®-tha-to®-ho® i,
digest food.
wa-no” -bthe thi-u-shki-ga, one who
uses food in a wasteful manner.
wa-no”-bthe to"-ga, voracious; big
eater; a glutton; ravenous.

we

wa-no"-bthe to"-ga bthe, I am
ravenous.

wa-no”-bthe to"-ga ni, you are
ravenous.

wa-no”’-bthe to®-ga o®-thi i, we are
ravenous.

wa-no” -bthe-tsi—wa-no-bthe, eat-
ing; tsi, house: hotel.
wa-no”-bthe u-zhi, a place for keep-
ing food or provisions; a food bag;
a pantry; the abdomen.
wa-no”’-ce, points of attack.
Wa-no”-ce A-ba-gu, the title of a
wi-gi-e in which the earth is
symbolized as that upon which life
is manifest. A spot (ho’-e-ga)
made bare by plucking the grass
is also a symbol. In this wi’-gi-e
the earth is regarded as one of the
abiding places of that All Con-
trolling power to whom the Do®-
do*’-ho"-ga makes his constant
appeal. The plucked grass re-
presents the lives of men, not
only against whom he is leading
his warriors but also those of his
own people whom he is striving to
protect. (For reference see para-
phrase in back of book.)
wa-no"™-ge a-ba-gu, Ceremony of
Pointing out Certain Directions
of Attack. This refers to certain
acts of the Do-do®’-ho®-ga when
he recites the last wi-gi-e of the
particular ceremony. He acquires
the authority to perform this
ceremony in the following manner:
A member of the No*’-ho®-zhi*-ga,
who hopes to be chosen as leader
of a ceremonially organized war
party at some future time, strives
to qualify himself to perform the

LA FLESCHE]

wa-no®’-ce a-ba-cu—continued.
wa-no"’-ce a-ba-cu ceremony. He
performs a certain act which his
skill in hunting enables him to do;
he may kill a buffalo, a deer, a
turkey, or any other game or
animal that is full grown, fat, and
free from disease or old wounds,
and takes it to the No”’-ho-
zhi-ga, by whom he wishes to
be initiated in this particular
ritual.

Wa-no”™-ce A-ba-gu Wa-tho?, Per-
taining to the Attack. These
songs with a wi’-gi-e point out
specially the direction of attack.
In the first two songs of this group
two birds—the hawk and the crow
—are referred to as _ possessing
mystic powers; the third and
fourth songs refer to the close of
the ceremonial acts; the fifth
refers to the act of the warriors in
marching one by one over the
bunches of grass; by doing this
they ask for supernatural aid; the
sixth is similar to the fifth, but the
act is not so individual, but repre-
sentative of unity of thought, pur-
pose, and action; song 7 refers to
the final appeal of the Ancient
men for supernatural aid. These
songs and the wi’-gi-e are of the
Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge version. (For
paraphrase see back of book.)

Wa-no”-ge, Stampede. Personal
name. Refers to the stampeding
of a buffalo herd.

wa-no”-ka-the; to maim; to injure.

no”-ka a-the, I injured him.

no”’-ka tha-the, you injured him.
wa’ -no®-k’o", to hear them.

a’-wa-no®-k’o, I hear them.

wa-tha’-no®-k’o", you hear them.

wa -no®-k’o" mo2-thi" 0, go and hear

them.

Wa-no”-pa-zhi, Not-afraid. Person-
al name.

wa-no"”-pa-zhi, not afraid of danger;
fearless.

wa-no”’-a-pa mo®-zhi, I am fearless.

wa-no"”-tha-pa zhi, you are fearless.

wa-no”’-o"-pa ba-zhi i, we are fear-
less.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

197

wa-no"”-pe (Om. same), to fear; to be
frightened.
wa-no"-a’-pe, I am frightened.
wa-no"™-tha-pe, you are frightened.
Wwa-no”™-pe ga-xe—wa-no"™-pe, to
fear; ga-xe, to make: to terrify, to
scare; to intimidate.
ni’-ka-shi-ga thi"-ke wa-no®-pe pa-xe,
I terrified him.
wa-no”’-pe o®-shka-xe o, you terrified
me.
ni-ka’-shi-ga thi"-ke wa-no®-pe o?-
ga-xa i, we terrified him.
Wwa-no"’-pe o”-ga-xa bi o, he scared
me.
wa-no"-p’i", necklace. These were
made of shells, nuts of trees, elk
teeth. Pendants were made of
the mussel shells also. This is also
the name applied to the symbolic
neck ornament: gorget.
wa-no”-p’i"-hi, necklace tree (Sapin-
dus drummondii). The seeds of
this tree were used by the Osage to
make necklaces.
wa’ -no"-sdu-dse.
ge.)
Wa-no” -she-zhi"-ga,
Personal name.
wa’ -no"-shki-ge, the act of slipping off
the symbolic pair of moccasins by
the Initiator in a certain part of
the ritual at an initiation into the
mysteries of the tribal rites.

wa’-no"-shki-ge wi-gi-e, Ritual of
treading upon Certain Objects.
This refers to the treading on
objects (persons) upon whom an
enemy tribe depends for its po-
tential power.

wa-no”-tha-zhi, confused in mind;
bewildered. Used in rituals.

wa-no”-xe, the soul of man; the
spirit (used in rituals); a ghost.
(See wa-thi-gtho2.)

wa-no"-xe wa-tho", Spirit songs.
This song is sung after the eight
songs relating to the untying of
the shrine. The object of this
song is to teach the initiate that he
not only livesin the midst of the
earthly life but also in the realm
of death; that in the spirit world
there is continuity of life also.

(See wa-no"-shki-

Little-soldier.

198

BUREAU

wa-o", causes them to become so.
This is an expression used fre-
quently in the ceremony of the
little Rain Song.

wa’-o" xa-ge wa-tho", Songs of the
act of Weeping. This song, simi-
lar to the one that is used at the
ceremony of the smoking of the
sacred animal skins, has a group
of three, including a _ wi-gi-e
(ritual), entitled A’-ho®-btha-bi,
which means the ritual of dreams.
In this ritual may be found the
fact that the man chosen, when in
his vigil, is required to fix his
thoughts only upon the sacred
objects symbolic of life which
results in peaceful days.

wa-pa’, archaic for head. In one of
the recited parts of one of the
rituals the head of the puma is
referred to as wa-pa. It is in this
ritual that the magical gourd
rattle is made to symbolize the
head of a puma.

wa-pa dse, butchering.

wa-pa -hi, sharp weapons, like spears
and arrows.

wa-pa’-hi gi-no"-she, to take away
one’s weapons; to disarm.

wa-pa’-hi a’-no™ she o, I disarmed

him.

wa-pa’-hi tha-no"-she o, you dis-
armed him.
wa-pa -ho"-gthe, same as pa-ho™”

gthe.
wa-pa -tha zhi, failure to understand.
o”’-wo®-pa-tha mo®-zhi, I do not
understand it.
thi-u’-pa-tha zhi, you do not under-
stand it.
wo’-pa-tha ba-zhi, we do not under-
stand it.
wa-pa’-tha zhi ha, it is not clear to
the understanding.
wa-pi-da-ka, black acorns.
wa-pi-o™, skilled or possessing the
ability to work along certain lines.
wa-pi'-mo®, I am skilled.
wa-shpi -zho®, you are skilled.
wa-pi'o®, to adjust.
wa-pi -a-o", I adjust.
wa-pi -tha-o", you adjust.
wa-pi -0®-0" i, we adjust.

OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

wa-pi -the, to love.
wa-pi-a’-the, I love.
wa-pi’-tha the, you love.
wa-pi'-zhi, to hoard; to amass; to
accumulate.
wa-pi-a-zhi, I hoard.
wa-pi’-tha-zhi, you hoard.
wa-pi -o"-zhi i, we hoard.
wa-po’-ga, the gray owl. The gray
owl is an Osage symbol of night.
It is also a life symbol. It is a
bird that succeeds in bringing its
young safely to maturity.
wa-po -ga to"-ga, the great gray owl.
wa-po-ga wa-tho", Songs of the
Gray Owl. This group of songs
give a scene of a war party, one
member of which stands alone
keeping his nightly vigil, and out
of the silence and darkness of the
night he hears the mournful voice
of the great gray owl, or the splash
of a snake in the water; whichever
of these he hears first he may take
as a@ response to his supplications.
In these songs wa-po’-ga (gray
owl) is personified. In the first,
the voice of the owl is heard; in
the second, the gray owl and the
horned owl (i’-to"); he speaks to
these two persons (birds); in the
third, evening is still present as
he talks to the wa-po’-ga, the
i’-to", and the we’-ts’a (snake),
all three of which approach him in
the silence of the dark night.
wa’-po" bi o, we are called, therefore
we are going.
wa-pshuw’-shka, beads.
wa-sda’, large intestine.
wa-sha’-be a-thi", carrying the char-
coal. This was the name of a very
important part in the formation
of a war party. Each warrior was
to carry a piece of charcoal in a
buckskin pouch with which to
blacken his face before attacking
the enemy; this war party showed
no mercy for the enemy; as the
charcoal was a symbol of fire that
destroys, so the warrior with
blackened face went forth.
wa-sha’-be a-thi? wa-zho-wa-gthe,
the title of the two officers chosen

LA FLESCHE]
wa-sha’-be a-thi® wa-zho-wa-
gthe—continued.
at the ceremonial organization of a
war party to accompany the
warriors of the two great tribal
divisions throughout the great
ceremony. The warriors were
called Wa-sha’-be a-thit because
they were to carry with them the
dark symbolic charcoal by which
each warrior who carries a small
pouch of it declares his determina-
tion to show no mercy to the foe.
The warriors of the two great
tribal divisions, with their officers,
occupy the two large wigwams set
up for them to use through the cere-
mony, which lasts about four
days. The two men who accom-
pany the two bodies of warriors
bear the title wa-zho’-wa-gthe,
Accompanying the Warriors.
wa-shi (Om. same), a hireling; a
person serving for hire with pay
or the equivalent.
wa-shi’ (Om. same), to employ one to
run on an errand or to do some
work.
a-wa’-shi, [ employed him.
wa-tha’ shi, you employed him.
o®-wo"’-shi i, we employed him.
o®-wo"’-tha-shi, you have employed
me to do work.
wa-shi, to employ; to ask for services.
wa-wi-shi a-ti, I come to ask for
your services.
wa-wi -shi ko®-btha, I wish to secure
your services.
wa-wi -shi mo®-zhi", I do not ask for
you services.
wa-shi -bi a-ka, employee.
wa-shi™, meat with very little lean;

fat meat.

Wa-shi™-shto"-ga, Soft-fat. Person-
al name.

Wa-shi*-wit, Fat-woman. Female

personal name.

wa-shi -shi-to", wealth. Among the
Osage, as with other tribes, the
wealth consisted of the number of
horses and mules one possessed.
This refers particularly to the
belongings of the enemy which
pass as spoils to war parties.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

199

wa -shi-shi to", possessions.
wa-shko”, to struggle hard; to make
an effort.
a-wa’-shko2, I made an effort.
wa-tha’-shko®, you made an effort.
o0®-wo”’-shko® i, we made an effort.
wa’-shko", a kernel; a growth that
appears in the armpits, also the
groin.
wa-shko”™,
power.
wa-shko” gi-to®, to regain strength;
to recuperate.
wa-shko -a-gi-to", I have regained
strength.
wa-shko"™-tha-gi-to", you have re-
gained strength.
wa-shko”-o"-gi-to® i, we have re-
gained strength.
wa - shko” gtho" - the,
strong; (2) possessing
strength.
wa-shko”-thi"-ge, disability; weak,
having little or no strength; frail.
wa-shko®-o0®-this-ge, I have no
strength.
wa-shko™ thi-thi®-ge, you are weak.
wa-shko” to"-ga, great strength—
wa-shko, strength; to"-ga, large
or great.
wa-thi-shko® to®-ga, you have great
strength.
wa-sho”-ge, yellow corn that adheres
to the teeth when eating it.
This corn is roasted, then pounded
into a fine meal.
Wa-sho’-she, Brave. Personal name.
wa-sho’-she, dauntless; courageous;
brave; gallant.
o®-wo-sho-she, I am courageous.
wa-thi-sho’-she, you are courageous.
wa-wa-sho’-sha i, we are courageous.
wa-shpe’-e-zhi, a place where a
treasured thing is kept for safety,
or a place held permanently. This
was a name applied to the sacred
pipes, or to the allotment of lands
for homesteads.
wa-shta’, one of the entrails of a cow,
ox, or buffalo.
wa-shta’-ge, gentle; peaceful.
Wa-shta’-ge, the name of a tribal
office.

strength; might; force;

powerful;
great

200

wa-shta’-ge ga-xe, to dilute medicine.
wa-shta’-ge pa-xe, I diluted it.
wa-shta’-ge shka-xe, you diluted it.
wa-shta’-ge 0®-ga-xa i, we diluted it.
wa-shto”-ga, a sponge; anything soft.
wa-shto™-ga gi ni mo®-tse i-the no”
bi 0, the sponge is found in water.
Wa-stse’-e-do", Good-doctor. Per-
sonal name.
wa’-stse-ge, buffalo meat cut into
narrow strips for smoking and
drying. The meat treated in this
manner is what is left over from
the parts sliced for jerking.
Wa’ -stse-ge, Strip-off-the-meat.
sonal name.
wa-stse’-ho", to travel slowly; to go
in a leisurely manner.
wa-stse’-ho® xtsi mo®-bthi", I trav-
eled slowly.
wa-stse’-ho® xtsi mo®-ni, you trav-
eled slowly.
wa-stse’-the, the act of giving medical
treatment to a patient.
wa-ta -cto-cta hiu, the pecan (Hicoria
pecan). The nut of this tree is
used for food by the Osage.
wa-tha’-be gi-the, to slander; to
speak ill of a person.
wa’ -tha-cta, glue, gum, or any sticky
substance used for glue.
wa -tha-cta-gtho”, a postage stamp.
wa’ -tha-da-bi, a limit placed by the
officers of the buffalo hunt or chase
to the distance which the hunters
can go when chasing the animal.
Any hunter who goes beyond the
line pointed out was punished
severely. When the lands of the
Osage were surveyed and allotted
in severalty this term was applied
to a mile limit or to the bound-
ary lines of the lands allotted.
The order was to guard against
war parties who might be near.
wa-tha’-do", to suck, as the nursing
child.
wa-tha’-dse, to guess.
wa’'-tha-dse, conmamd. This is the
name of a game played by young
men, who are supposed to do
whatever they are commanded
to do.
wa-tha’-ge, the Osage fur cap.

Per-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

wa’-tha-ha, clothing; garments.
Wa-tha’-hni, Tonkawa Tribe.
wa-tha’-hni, a devourer; swallower.
wa-tha’-ho-da, to scoff.
wa-btha’-ho-da, I scoffed.
wa-shda’-ho-da, you scoffed.
o®-wo”-tha-ho-da i, we scoffed.
wa-tha’-ho-da, a joke; jest; pleas-
antry; humorous and _ harmless
remarks.
wa-tha’-ho-da-shto*, a scoffer; one
who jeers at another.
wa’-tha-k’a-be (Om. same), a side
hill; a slope.
wa-tha’-k’e-tha-zhi, merciless; un-
kind; uncharitable; pitiless, cruel;
selfish; ruthless.
wa-tha’-k’e a-tha mo®-zhi, I have no
mercy.
wa-tha’-k’e tha-tha-zhi, you have no
mercy.
wa-the’-k’e o®-tha ba zhi i, we have
no mercy.
wa-tha’-k’e-the, sympathy; sympa-
thetic; easily moved to sympathy
and pity for those who suffer;
tender-hearted; a man of kindly
spirit; compassion.
wa-tha’-pa-pa, to feast ravenously.
(From a ritual.)
wa-tha’-pi-zhi, to disparage; (2) to
speak evil of one.
wa-btha’-pi-zhi, I spoke evil of him.
wa-shta’-pi-zhi, you spoke evil of

him.
wa-tha’-pshe-zho"-zho", corn silk
or tassel. It was the custom

among the Indians to remove the
tassel from the corn, thus giving
more strength to the grain.
wa-tha’-shi-ge, slander.
wa-btha’-shi-ge, I slander (him).
wa-hna’-shi-ge, you slander (him).
wa-tha’-the, you shall vanquish them.
(Mythical.)
wa-tha’-to®, to imbibe; to take freely.
wa-btha’-to", I drank freely; I
imbibed.
wa-shda’-to", you drank freely; you
imbibed.
o"-wo"’-tha-to® i, we imbibed; we
drank freely.
wa-tha’-to"-shto", an
drunkard.

inebriate; a

LA FLESCHE]

wa-tha’-tse, the eating of certain
kinds of food.
wa-tha’-wa—wa-, the act of; tha-wa,
to count: counting.
wa-btha’-wa, I am counting.
wa-shda’-wa, you are counting.
o®-wo"’-tha-wa i, we are counting.
wa-tha’-wa gthe-btho*—wa-tha’-wa,
cents; gthe-btho*, ten; ten cents:

a dime.

wa-tha’-wa-to"-ga, a million; count-
ing big.

wa-tha’-xta-ge, biter; a mad dog;
hydrophobia.

wa’-tha-xthi, anger; evil disposition.
Often used in a ritual.
wa-tha’-zhu-a-zhi, scurrilous, offen-
sive language; abuse.
wa-btha’-zhu mo2-zhi, I used abusive
language.
wa-shda’-zhu a-zhi, you used abusive
language.
o°-wo"-tha-zhu ba zhi i, we used
abusive language.
wa-the’, cause them to die.
ritual.)
ts’e a-wa-the, I caused them to die.
ts’e’-wa-tha-the, you caused them to
die.
ts’e’-o®-wo"-tha i, we caused them to
die.
wa-the’-the, The Sending Ceremony.
The sending of fees to the various
gentes.
wa-thi’-ba-ba, to shuffle cards.
wa-bthi’-ba-ba, I shuffle the cards.
wa-ni’-ba-ba, you shuffle the cards.
o®-wo"’-thi-ba-ba i, we shuffled the
cards.
wa-thi -bthi-bthi-xe, cringe; to dodge
as if afraid.
o” thi’-bthi-bthi-xe, I cringe.
thi’-thi-bthi-bthi-xe, you cringe.
wa’ -thi-bthi-bthi-xa i, we cringe.
wa-thi’-cge-shto*, a thief.
wa-thi’-cki, to assemble; to gather
together men for council.
wa-thi’-ga, to husk corn.
wa-bthi’-ga, [am husking corn.
wa-ni -ga, you are husking corn.
o*-wo"’-thi-ga, we are husking corn.
wa-thi’-ge-ge-be, roughened and
wrinkled with age; refers to an
old man.

(From a

OSAGE DICTIONARY

201

wa-thi’-gtho®, intellect; sense; sound
judgment.
wa-thi’-gtho", reverie; day dreaming;
meditate.
wa-bthi’-gtho", I meditate.
wa-shni’-gtho", you meditate.
o*-wo®-thi-gtho" i, we meditate.
wa-thi’-gtho" gi-gi, smart; quick-
witted; alert in mind.
wa-thi’-gtho® o®-ci-gi, I am alert.

wa-thi’-gtho" thi-ci-gi, you are
alert.
wa-thi’-gtho® ki-tha-ha, to differ; to
disagree.

wa-thi’-gtho" ki-tha-ha o®-this, I
differ (with you).
wa-thi’-gtho" ki-tha-ha shni i ha,
you differ.
wa-thi’-gtho® ki-tha-ha o®-thi™ i, we
disagree.
wa-thi'-gtho" pi-o*, intellect; intel-
lectual ability.
ni-ka-shi-ga a-ka wa-thi-gtho® u-tsi
bi a, he has much intellect.
wa-thi -gtho” thi"-ge—wa-thi-gtho?,
mind; thi®-ge, none: no mind;
insane; (2) thoughtless.
wa-thi’-gtho" wa-gthi® o*-thi*-ge, I
am very thoughtless.
wa-thi’-gtho® wa-gthi™ thi-thi®-ge,
you are very thoughtless.
Wa-thi -gtho"-thi"-ge, No-mind.
Personal name.
wa-thi’-gtho" to", having plenty of
sense; wits; very sensible.
wa-thi’-gtho® a-to", I am sensible.
wa-thi’-gtho" tha-to® ha, you are

sensible.

wa-thi’-gtho" tha-to" i ha, we are
sensible.

wa-thi’-tse-no® i-gi-ni i-ha, he lives
by his wits.

wa-thi-gtho” wa-to-ge, quick-

witted; an active mind.
wa-k’u a-ka wa-thi-gtho® wa-to-ga

bi a, the woman has a very active
mind.

wa-thi’-gtho® wi®-ha zhi, a disagree-
ment; difference of opinion; a
controversy.

wa-thi’-hi-dse, meddler; a mischief-
maker.

wa-thi’-hi-dse a-ka, persecutor.

202

wa-thi’-ho-ho-da, a droll; one fond
of practical jokes.
wi-cgo"-ga a-ka wa-thi-ho-ho-da gi-
tha-gthi® bi a, my brother is
fond of joking.
wa-thi’-ko-ge, the cramping of the
feet of the enemy in a fight.
Used in a ritual.
wa’-thi" (Om. same), to have or to
keep.
wa’-bthi", I keep.
wa’-ni, you keep.
wo"’-ga-thi» i, we keep.
wa’-thi®, to have.
wa -bthi", I have.
wa’-ni, you have.
o»-ga’‘-thi" i, we have.
wa-thi-e-cka (archaic), with a pur-
pose. This word is frequently
found in the tribal rites in this
form: wa-thi"’-e-gka sho® a-zhi
a-ka a bi da, they have done this
thing, they say, but not without
a purpose.
wa-thi’-ga, absent.
wa-thi™-ga zhi, never absent; to be
present.
wa-thi’-shki, to wash clothes.
wa-bthi’-shki, I wash clothes.
wa-ni’-shki, you wash clothes.
o®-wo"’-thi-shki i, we wash clothes.
wa-thi’-shki tsi, a washhouse; laun-
dry.
wa-thi-shko™ to®-ga, you have great
strength.
wa-thi -shpi, corn shelling.
wa-thi’-shto”, complete; to finish.
wa-thi-to"-te bthi-shto ha, I finished
my work.
wa-thi-to®-te ni-shto" ha, you finished
the work.
tsi ga’-xe bthi-shto", I have finished
the house.
tsi ga’-xe stsi-shto", you have finished
the house.
wa’ -thi-ta, to violate a rule of conduct
or a taboo.
wa’ -bthi-ta, I violated a taboo.
wa’-hni-ta, you violated a taboo.
wo”’-ga-thi-ta i, we violated a taboo.
wa-thi’-to®, (1) to farm; to work in
the field; (2) a household servant;
a domestic; (3) any kind of work
or labor.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

wa-thi’-to"— continued.
wa-bthi’-to®, I work.
wa-ni’-to", you work.
o®-wo"’-thi-to” i, we work.
wa-thi’-to® a’-ki-hi-de,
industrious.
wa-thi’-to" ka-wa, work horse; a
team broken to work.
wa-thi'-to" ka-wa-ga-zhi*, a driver
of a team of horses; a teamster.
wa-thi’-to"-shto®, industrious; hard-
working.
wa-k’u a-ka wa-thi-to’ i-no®-hi bi a,
the woman is industrious.
wa-bthi’-to®-shto®, I am industrious.
wa-ni-to®-shto", you are industrious.
0®-wo"’-thi-to™-shto" i, we are in-
dustrious.
wa-thi'-to®-shto",
meddler.
wa-thi’-to" u-gthi" kshi-the, to in-
stall a man into an office.
wa-thi'-to"® wa-ga-zhi, a foreman.
wa-thi’-wi", one who sells; a trader;
(2) one who purchases; a purchaser.
wa-bthi’-wi", I am selling.
wa-ni-wi", you are selling.
o0®-wo”’-thi-wi" i, we are selling.
wa-thi’-wi® u-mo"®-ka, things are
cheap, easy to buy.
wa’ -thi-xa-zhi, a woman not
married; (2) a maiden.
wa-thi’-xe, to chase; to join in the
chase of the buffalo.
wa-thi’-xe u-bthi go ha, I joined in
the chase.
wa-thi’-xe u-stsi go" ha, you joined
in the chase.
wa-thi’-xe o*-gu thi ¢co™ ha i, we
joined in the chase.
wa’ -thi-xe-tho"-cgka, a young woman
(marriageable age).
wa-thi’-xo-e, to lead or to drag.
wa-thi’-xo-e pshi i" do, I lead.
wa-thi’-xo-e shi i" do, you lead.
wa-thi’-xo-e 0®-ga hi bi o, we lead.
wa-thi’-xthi-ge, secondhand goods;
(2) faded; worn.
wa-thi’-zha, he expressed doubt as to
your statement.
wa-tho’-da-ki-the, relative; relation;
kinship.
wa-tho’-da-the, to make peace.

diligence;

meddlesome; a

yet

LA FLESCHE]

wa-tho”’,, to sing; a song.
wa-btho™, I sing.
wa-shto®’, you sing.
o®-wo"’-tho® i, we sing.
wa-tho”, a title given to a candidate
for a degree in the tribal rites.
wa-tho” a-ka, the singer. This is
the name or title given the candi-
date when the songs of the rite
are taken up. Although he may
know none of the songs and can
not sing, he is given this title,
because in speaking of his initiation
after he has taken any of the
degrees, he would mention the
name of the degree he had taken
by saying “I sang.”
wa-tho”-dse-shi, to hanker after a
thing; a desire; a longing.
wa-tho”’-dse-o®-shi, I hanker after it.
wa-tho”-dse-u-thi-shi, you hanker
after it.
wa-tho™-dse-shi go"-ge—wa-tho»-
dse-shi, a longing; go®-ge, make be-
lieve—a-longing-to-make-believe:
a pretext.
wa-tho”-dse u-thi-c¢o"-ha, to excite;
excitement: His heart is fluttering
with excitement.
wa-tho”-dsu-zhi, wasteful.
wa-tho”’-dsu-zhi bthi*, Iam wasteful.
wa-tho®’-dsu-zhi shni i ha, you are
wasteful.
Wa-tho”-kshe-u-gthi”,
feasts.
wa-tho® zhi®-ga, a little song.
wa-tho’-to", upright; a truthful man;
one who can be depended upon.
wa-tho’-to® bthis da, I can be de-
pended upon.
wa-tho’-to" stsi-da,
depended upon.
wa-tho’-to™ o®-thi i,
depended upon.
wa-thu’-ge, to seize.
wa-thu’-cge—wa, this syllable as used
here denotes action; thu-¢e, to
take: debt. To default, or failure
to catch up with one’s debts.
wa-thu’-cge a-thi", indebted.
wa-thu’-ge a-bthi" ha, I am indebted.
wa-thu’-ge a-stsi ha, you are in-
debted.
67025—32——14

Ruler = of

you can be

we can be

OSAGE DICTIONARY

203

wa-thu’-ce a-thi"—continued.
wa-thu’-ge o*-ga-thi2 i ha, we are
indebted.
wa-thu’-ge ga-shi-be, to refund; to
repay borrowed money; to pay
one’s debts.
wa-thu’-ge ga-shi-be pshi, I have
been to pay my debts.
wa-thu’-ge ga-shi-be shi ha,
have been to pay your debts.
wa-thu’-ce ga-shi-be 0-ga hi i, we
have been to pay our debts.
wa-thu’-ce ga-shi-ba zhi sho*-tse—
wa-thu-ce, debt; ga-shi-ba-zhi,
standing; sho®-tse, as it is—debt-
standing-as-it-is: outstanding.
wa-thu’-ce gi-ba-hi, a collector.
wa-thu’-ce gi-da, to dun; to make
repeated demands.
wa-thu’-ce a-gi-da, I made repeated
demands,
wa-thu’-ce tha-gi-da, you made re-
peated demands.
wa-thu’-ce k’i, credit; to give credit.
wa-thu’-ce a-k’i, I gave credit.
wa-thu’-ce tha-k’i, you gave credit.
wa-thu’-ge o*-wo" k’i i he, we gave
credit.
wa-thu’-ge u-xtha-zhi, to default in
paying a note.
wa-thu’-ce u-xtha-zhi a-ka, a de-
faulter.
wa-thu’-ce-wa-k’i a-ka, creditor.
wa-thu’-ce wa-tho®, Songs of Seizing
the Wa-do"’-be. These songs fol-
low the reciting of a wi-gi-e, ritual;
there are six of them. The first
refers to the singer who conducts
to his seat the Wa-do*’-be, the
valiant man; the second refers to
the man as one whose valorous
deeds are worthy of emulation;
the third song refers to the two
scenes in connection with the
ceremony of leading the valiant
man to the seat prepared for him;
the fourth song belongs to the
final act of the great war ceremony
called Wa-sha’-be A-thi", there
being sixteen stanzas; the fifth
song is a call to the Wa-do*’-be
to begin to count his o-do™ (war
honors); the sixth and last song

you

204

wa-thu’-ge wa-tho"—continued.
has only one stanza, but is re-
peated four times and refers to the
carrying home of supplies by the
wife and her assistants.

wa-thu’-cge wi-gi-e, The Seizing Rit-
ual. The title of this ritual
recited in some of the degrees of
tribal rites, where the candidate
being initiated goes to the warrior
chosen for the office of Wa-do”’-be,
seizes him by the edge of his robe
or blanket, and conducts him to
his ceremonial place. During the
reciting of the ritual and the sing-
ing of the songs of this particular
part, the Wa-do”’-be recounts the
war honors (thirteen of them) he
had won in battle, and which had
been conferred ceremonially.

Wa’-thu-da-ce, Crashing-around.
Personal name. Refers to the
thunder.

wa-thu’-ga, to husk corn.

wa-bthi’-ga, I husk corn.
wa-stsi’-ga, you husk corn.
o2-wo"’-thu-ga i, we husk corn.
wa-thu’-k’e, ears of corn fastened
together with their inner husks
braided for convenience of hanging
up to dry.

wa -thu-sho®*, to break necks.

wa’-thu-to® a-zhi, inaccurate; defec-
tive; imperfect.

Wa-thu’-ts’a-ga-zhi, father of Wa-
xthi-zhi.

Wa-thu’-ts’a-ga-zhi, Never-fails.
Personal name. Refers to one
who never failed in his war exploits.

wa-thu’-ts’a-ge, to fail in some un-
dertaking, venture, or enterprise;
to fail to arrest a wrongdoer;
failure to prevent a guilty person
from escaping.

wa-bthu’-ts’a-ge, I failed in the
undertaking.
wa-stsu’-ts’a-ge, you failed in the
undertaking.
o®-wo”’-thu-ts’a-ga i, we failed in the
undertaking.
wa’-thu-tse, a violation of taboo or
law.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

wa-thu’-xa, to rake the ground and
free it from weeds.
wa-bthu’-xa, I am raking the dead
leaves and weeds.
wa-ni’-xa, you are raking the dead
leaves and weeds.
o®-wo"™-thu-xa i, we are raking the
dead leaves and weeds.
Wa’-thu-xa-ge, Clutches-them-till-
they-cry. Personal name. Refers
to the attack of the eagle on its
prey.
wa’-thu-xe, to take a husband; to
marry.
wa’-thu-xpe, the meaning of this
word is vague, but it is one of the
least of the war honors awarded
to the winner. (One of the
o-do»’.)
wa-thu’-zha, to scrub.
wa-bthu’-zha he, I scrub.
wa-stsu’-zha he, you scrub.
o®-wo”-thu-zha i, we scrub.
wa-to’-ge, swift runner; quick; active;
(2) alert.
o®-wo”’-to-ge, I am alert.
wa-thi’-to-ge, you are alert.
Wa-to’-ge, Active. Personal name.
wa-to’-gtho" (Om. same), to haul.
wa-to® tse to-a-gtho", I haul the
goods.
wa-to® tse to-tha-gtho", you haul the
goods.
wa-to, ware; goods; anything sold or
exchanged at a store or trading
place.
wa-to” a-gi-pa ha, I displayed my
goods.
wa-to™, pumpkin, squash, or any of
the vegetables of that family.
wa-to®-a -thi"—wa-to", goods; a-thi®,
keeper of: dry-goods merchant.
wa-to™-be i" da, I have seen. (From
a ritual.)
wa-to” -btha-xa-xa, scalloped squash
(Cucurbita pepo var. Condensa
bailey); an old-time squash.
wa-to” -ci-ga-gki, corn pounded into
a fine meal, rolled into balls with
honey or sirup, made especially for
children.
wa-to” -ci-hiu, cornstalks.

LA FLESCHE]

wa-to”-ci ho®-bthi"-ge u-thu-ki-
ho", corn and beans cooked
together: succotash.

wa-to”-ci ho®-bthi®-ge u-thu-ki-ho"

o®-tha-gthe, I like corn and beans
cooked together.

wa-to” -ci-thi-xtho"-zhe, chop feed.

wa-to™-cka, a white squash with a
white rind.

wa-to”-co", braided squash. This
was a manner of preparing squash
for winter use; it was first peeled,
then cut into strips; these were
dried and loosely braided into
squares or oblong pieces. They
were then packed away in par-
fleche cases.

wa-to™-cu, squash or pumpkin seed.

wa-to”-ga, a master; a high-rank
official; one of high rank; a great
person; principal.

wa-to”-ga ts’e-the—wa-to"-ga, the
great one; ts’e-the, to kill: regicide;
the killing of a chief.

wa-to™ gthe-zhe, spotted squash or

pumpkin.

wa-to”-hi, pumpkin vine or squash
vine.

wa-to™-i", manifest; clear to the

understanding and to the sense
of sight; obvious; perceptible.
i7-wa-to”’-i, I manifest.
thi-wa-to®-i", you manifest.
we-wa-to"-i" i, we manifest.
wa-to™-i" a-zhi, not clear to the
sense of sight or understanding;
obscure. (See xe’-ga.)
Wa-to"-i2-ki-tha, Come-to-view. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the moon.
wa-to”-i"-xtsi, openly; in plain sight;
very plain.
wa-to” ko®-ha kshe—wa-to", goods;
ko"-ha, edge; kshe, the: the edge
of goods; the selvage.
wa-to” ko"-dse u-gtho", pumpkin
pie.
wa-to” no-ta—wa-to", squash; no®-
ta, ears: squash ears. In cutting
the squash into strips for braiding
(wa-to”’-co"), some small pieces,
ear shaped, are left over; these
are strung together and dried for
winter use.
wa-to™ -pa ku-sha, crookneck squash.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

205

wa-to”-pa
squash,
wa-to”-ta-ni—wa-to", squash; ta-ni,
meat water: squash soup.
wa-to™”-the pi-o"—wa-to®-the, tan-
ning, pi-o®, skillful: to be skillful
in the process of tanning, or dress-
ing of skins.
wa-ha-to®-a’-the mi-kshe 0,
tanning the skin.
wa-ha to-tha’-the ni kshe o, you
are tanning the skin.
wa-to” tho" ci, the pumpkin is
yellow.
wa-to™-u-gi, pumpkin seed.
wa-to” u-no"-zhi"— wa-to", dry
goods; u-no"-zhi", stands in the
midst of: clerk in a dry-goods
store.
wa-to” u-zhi, a dry-goods store; a
place to store goods; a warehouse.
wa-to"-xtsi, real squash.
wa-to”-xo-dse, gray squash.
wa-to”-xu-e, parched corn pounded
and boiled with grease; among
the older Osage Indians it is
known as wa-ba’-ho.
wa-tse, victorious returning with a
large war party. (This is one of
the o’-do® or military honors.)
wa -tse, to choke; to strangle.
o2-a’-tse, I choked.
thi-a’-tse, you choked.
wa-bu-cka he-be o-tho"™ ga-tse ha,
I choked on a piece of bread.
wa-tse’, skirt; dress.
wa-tse’,, a triumph; victory; the
touching of a living or fallen foe
to win one of the prescribed war
honors.
Wa’ -tse-a-xe, Cries-for-a-star.
sonal name.
wa-tse’-bo", a cry of triumph, given
as a victorious war party ap-
proaches the village as it returns.
wa-tse’-ce u-thi"-ge, pregnancy.

stse-dse, long - nosed

I am

Per-

| wa-ts’e da-thi"-ge ga-xe—wa-ts’e,

dead; da-thi*-ge, burnt up; ga-xe,
make: cremation.

wa’-tse do-ga, the male star; the
morning star.

wa-tse’-ga, goods (new) to sell.

wa-ts’e’-ga, docile; gentle;
managed.

easily

206

wa-ts’e’-ga, tender, as meat, grains of
corn; (2) not difficult; easy.

Wa’-tse-ga-hi-ge, Star-chief. Per-
sonal name.
Wa’-tse-ga-wa, Radiant-star. _ Per-

sonal name.

Wa-tse’-gi-do"-a-bi, One-whose-tro-
phies-are-seen. Personal name.
Wa’-tse gi-tsi, the name of an im-

portant wi-gi-e as given by Wa-tse-
moi", paraphrase of which may be
found in back of book.
wa-tse -gthi, a victorious return of a
war leader to his home; a war honor
ceremoniously conferred upon a
warrior.
wa-ts’e gthi-xthu—wa-ts’e, dead;
gthi-xthu, act of digging up:
exhumation.
wa -tse mi-ga, the female star; the
evening star.
Wa-tse’-mo"-i2, He-who-wins-war-
honors. Personal name.
wa-ts’e’ -the, the act of killing in battle
or in a quarrel at home.
wa-ts’e-a’-the, I killed him.
wa-ts’e-tha-the, you killed him.

Wa’-tse-to"-ga, Big-star. Personal
name.
Wa’'tse-tsi, Star-that-came-to-earth.

The name of a gens.

Wa’-tse-tsi Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the
Wa-tse-tsi gens.

Wa’-tse-wi", Star-woman.
personal name.

wa-tse’ wi-ta tho” dsa-pa, my skirt
is short.

wa-tse -xi, difficult to destroy; to be
tenacious of life (term used in some
of the rituals of the tribal rites);
(2) stingy; ungenerous; not liberal.

wa-tse’-xi wa-gthi" bi a, he is very

stingy.

wa-tse’-xi, penurious.

wa-tse’-xi e-tha, a task most difficult
to perform. (From a song.)

wa-tsi’, dance.

wa-tsi'-a-dse wa-tho", Songs of
Triumph. There are ten songs in
this group, of the Tsi’-zhu Wa-
shta-ge version. The first refers
to the part that woman takes in
the sacerdotal office as weaver of
the shrine; the second, the women

Female

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

wa-tsi’-a-dse wa-tho"—continved.
dance, and those who have brought
their loom poles strike the ground
with the blunt end; the third
refers to the war organization of
the tribe being extolled; the fourth
refers to the ceremony of cutting
the scalp into strips; the fifth
refers to the distribution of the
sacred war trophy; in this song
the symbolic man is brought for-
ward; the sixth song refers to the
acts by which the spirit symbol,
the scalp, is prepared for distribu-
tion; the seventh refers to the acts
of the two men officiating who are
required to cut the skin with the
Mystic Knife into four straight
strips; the eight, ninth, and tenth
are the concluding acts of the
warriors and their success achieved
through the symbolic man.
wa-tsi-shka, a brook. Obsolete
among the Osage, but still used by
the Omaha.
wa-tu’-ge, to be active; alert.
o®-wo’-tu-ge, I am active.
wa-thi’-tu-ge, you are active.
Wa’-u-wi-gi, Jumper. Personalname.
Refers to the leaps of the buffalo
when charging a hunter.
wa-wa -shi a-ka, employer.
tha-gthi" i-ha 0®-wa’-shi a-ka, I have
a good employer.
tha-gthi® i-ha wa-thi’-shi a-ka, you
have a good employer.
tha-gthi® i-ha wa-wa’-shi i a-ka, we
have a good employer.
wa’-wa-tho", a term applied to the
rite, incorrectly called Calumet
dance or Pipe dance by the Osage.
Its object is peace.
wa-we-a -ga-cko"-the, I have made
to be symbols. (From a ritual.)
wa-we -ba-ho®, a deponent; a witness;
(2) to give testimony.
wa-we -pa-ho®, I was a witness.
wa-we -shpa-ho", you were a witness.
wa-we’-ba-ho" o-gtha-ge tse ho-
zhi pa-xe, I gave poor testimony.
wa-we’-ci, enmity. (See i’-gi.)
wa-we’-ci, hatred.
wa-we -ga-cko"-the, a symbol; to
symbolize; (2) to imitate.

‘LA FLESCHE]

wa-we -gi-e, impugn; attack by in-

sinuations.

wa-we -gi no"-zhi® a-zhi, independ-
ent.

wa-we’-gi-shi-ge, nostalgia; home-

sickness of the worst kind.
wa-gthi® wa-we-a-gi-shi-ge ha, I suf-
fered from nostalgia.

wa-we -gi-zhu-shi, expostulate; to
remonstrate; to interdict.

we-a’-gi-zhu-shi, I remonstrate.
we’ -tha-gi-zhu-shi, you remonstrate.
we-o” -gi-zhu-shi i, we remonstrate.
wa-we -gtha-no", crime (any act
punishable by law constitutes a
crime); tort; wrong; violation of
law; bad conduct.

wa-we -gtha-no® a-gtha, indict; in-
dictment; criminate.

wa-we’-gtha-no" thi"-kshe, a cul-
prit.

wa-we ki-gtha c¢ko"-the, to set one’s
self up as an example for others;
to make comparisons.

wa-we -k’u-tse, experiment; the gain-
ing of knowledge through experi-
ment.

wa-we-a’-k’u-tse, I experimented.
wa-we -tha-k’u-tse, you experi-
mented.
wa-we-o” -k’u-tsa i, we experimented.
wa-we -k’u-tse, to gesticulate; ges-
ture.

wa-we -mo"-xe, a question; to make
inquiry.

wa-we-o"-mo®-xa i, he asked me a
question.

wa-we’-thi-mo"-xa i, he asked you a
question.

Wwa-we-no"®-xe to"—wa-we, writing;
no®-xe, with which to attack; to,
failure to meet an obligation: a
bond or mortgage; debenture;
guaranty; insurance.

wa-we -shtse, ignominy; shame.

wa-we -ta, owner; title.

tsi the wi-wi-ta, I am owner of this
house.

tsi the thi-thi-ta, you are owner of
this house.

wa-we'-the, to see; to make a dis-
covery; to find something.

wa-we-a’-the ha, I made a discovery.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

207

wa-we -the—continued.

wa-we'-tha-the ha, you made a
discovery.

wa-we-o"-tha i, we made a dis-
covery.

wa-we -the, the act of seeing.
wa-we’ a-the, I see something.

wa-we-thu-e, to rummage;

arrange articles.

wa-we -bthu-e, I rummaged.
wa-we’-stsu-e, you rummaged.

wa-we’-wo"-xe, to ask questions.
wa-we -btho2-xe, I ask questions, or
wa-we’-a-mo"-xe, I ask questions.
wa-we’-shto®-xe, you ask questions.
wa-we’-o"-mo®-xai, we ask questions.

Wwa-we -wo"-xe a-ka, one who asks
questions; an inquirer.

Wwa-we’-o"-wo"-xe a-ka, the one who
asked me a question.

wa-we’ -thi-wo"-xe a-ka, the one who
asked you the question.

Wwa-we -wo"-xe shto"—wa-we-wo"-xe,
to inquire; shto", habitually: curi-
ous; inquisitive.

wa-wiu’-do*-be, a referee; an umpire
in a game.

wa-wiu’-do®-be to" wi®-ka zhi, the
umpire is wrong.

wa xa, to outrun in a race.

a’-xa ha, I outran him.
tha’-xa ha, you outran him.
o®-ga’-xa i, we outran him.

wa-xa -ga, any plant that has prickly
spines, like the sand bur, cactus,
cocklebur, prickly-ash.

wa-xa -ga-hiu-stsu-tse, blackberry
bush. That species of a bush that
grows tall.

wa-xa -ga-tu-hu, a green briar.

Wa-xa’-ga-u-gthi", Dwellers-in-the-
Thorny Thicket. This was the
name by which a group became
known who fled from the over-
flowing banks and were caught in a
thicket of thorny trees and bushes.
They live in Pawhuska, Okla.

Wa-xa’-ga u-thi", a village located
near Pa-ci zhi*-ga tho*-ba (Two
Hills) on the Wa-ce-to™ xo-e
(Verdigris River). This was the
starting point of the first buffalo
trail.

to dis-

208

wa-xa’-ga-zhi"-ga, sand burs.
wa-xa -ga zhu-dse, one of the variety
of red haw.
wa-xa’-pa-hi, a thorn.
Wa-xa’-xa-do", Shaggy-hair. Personal
name.
wa-xe’, to bury the dead.
wa-xe’, a funeral; the grave; a tomb.
wax-ka’-da-zhi, wonderful; superb;
magnificent; splendid; grand.
wa-xo-be, a whistle used as a sacred
symbol after victory; a fine repre-
sentation of this is on display in
the United States National Mu-
seum, Washington, D. C., No.
276133.
wa-xo-be, a talisman, or something
worn about the person to ward off
evil; (2) anything consecrated for
ceremonial use. A portable sym-
bol, like the hawk, that represents
or symbolizes the courage of a
warrior.
wa-xo-be ga-xe, to consecrate some
object to religious use; to make
sacred.
wa-xo’-be pa-xe, I made sacred.
wa-xo’-be shka-xe, you consecrated
it.
wa-xo’-be 0®-ga-xa i, we consecrated
it.
wa-xo-be ga-xi wa-tho", Songs of
Awakening ‘the Wa-xo’-be. This
is the first of eight songs to the
Wa-xo’-be, who is an imaginary
man (symbolic), known as the
Sacred Hawk.
wa-xo’-be thu-shke wa-tho", Songs
of Untying the Shrine. There are
four of these songs. ‘The first is
sung three times and tells of the
laying down of the shrine in the
proper position. Each of the fol-
lowing three songs describes the
ceremonial acts connected with the
shrine.
wa-xo’-be u-ko®-dsi pa’ wa-thu-ge,
taking the head of an enemy while
with the war party Wa-xo’-be
U-ko®-dsi. (One of the six o-do™’.)
wa-xo'-be u-ko"-dsi wa-ga’ xthi,
Winning the Wa-ga-xthi honor
while with the Wa-xo’-be u-ko?-
dsi. (One of the six o-do™.)

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[BULL. 109

wa-xo’-be u-ko"-dsi wa’ thu-xpe,
Winning the Wa’-thu-xpe war
honor while with the Wa-xo’-be
u-ko®-dsi. (One of the o-do™.)

wa-xo’-be u-ko"-dsi wa-tse’-gthi,
Winning the Wa-tse-gthi honor
while with the Wa-xo’-be u-ko-
dsi. (One of the six o-do™.)

Wa-xo’-be-zhi"-ga, Little-shrine. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the small
portable shrine.

Wa-xo"-xo", The-shining-one. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the shining
of the wings of the eagle.

wa-xpa’-thi", to suffer from exhaus-
tion or hardship.

o®-wo"-xpa-thi", I suffer from ex-

haustion.

wa-thi’-xpa-thi", you suffer from
exhaustion.

wa-wa-xpa-thi" i, we suffer from
exhaustion.

wa-xpa -thi", in need; poverty-strick-
en; poor in spirit; in great grief;
in sorrow; & mourner.
o®-wo-xpa-thi, I am in need.
wa-thi’-xpa-thi", you are in need.
wa-wa’-xpa-thi" i, we are in need.
wa-xpa -thi®-ki-the—wa-xpa’-thi",
poor; ki-the, make himself to be:
poor; humble; meek; modest; (2)
indigent; destitute; needy.
wa -xpe-gthe, vows. These were
taken by a candidate for initiation
which he can not withdraw or
evade without bringing wrath
and punishment upon himself by
supernatural means. It was gener-
ally believed that a penalty was
suspended in the air, ready to drop
upon a candidate the moment he
violated his obligation.
Wa’-xpe-gthe A-do"-be, this is the
name given by the Ni-ka Wa-ko-
da-gi gens to the Penalty ritual;
it relates to the symbols of the
seven different gentes.
wa -xpe-gthe a-do"-be wi-gi-e, ritual
of the Guardian of the Penalties.
This ritual is used by all the gentes,
and in it is a full description of
the penalties to be _ inflicted;
reference is made to the four ani-
mals whose spirits are the ever-

LA FLESCHE]}

wa’-xpe-gthe a-do"-be wi-gi-e—con.
watchful guardians and within
each of whom is reposed the super-
natural power as well as the duty
of inflicting the penalties.
wa-xtha’, a war standard. A modified
form of wa-xthe’-xthe.
wa-xthe’-k’o"-ci, the coffee bean or
coffee nut from the Kentucky
coffee tree (Gymnocladus dioica).
Wa-xthe’-tho"-ba, Two-standards.
Female personal name.
wa-xthe’-xthe, a war standard. The
standards were made for a regular-
ly organized war party composed
of all the warriors of the tribe.
The office of making these stand-
ards belonged to the Bow maker
gens of the Wa-zha’-zhe subdivi-
sion of the Ho”’-ga tribal division.
The standard was made of a
slender pole shaped with a crook
at the top; a long strip of swan
skin, from which all the coarse
feathers were taken, leaving only
the down on the skin, was then
wound around the pole so as to
cover every part of it; pendants
made of bunches of eagle feathers
were fastened to the swanskin
covering. When a fight took place
the warriors left the standards
with the slain foe. These standard
are the ceremonial property of
both the E-no® Mi®-dse to® (Bow)
and the Wa-g¢a’-be (Black Bear)
gentes, for the reason that these
two hold the property right to the
materials to be used in the con-
struction of the standards.
wa-xthe’-xthe-stse-dse, a tall stand-
ard made by the Osage, also by
the Kaw and the Omaha.
wa-xthe’-xthe-ts’-i* sha, the stand-
ard made with a crook by the
Osage and Omaha.
Wa-xthe’-xthe Wa-ko®-da-gi, Mys-
terious War standards.
Wa-xthe’-xtho®-wi", Standard-wo-
man. Female personal name.
wa-xthi’, stingy; uncharitable; unwill-
ing to give; selfish; undue value
placed upon certain property.
wa-xthi’ wa-gthi" hi a, he is very
stingy.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

209

wa-xthi’, to fear.

o*-wo”-xthi, I fear.
wa-thi’-xthi, you fear.

Wa-xthi’-zhi, Generous. Personal
name. Refers to the man who
always shared his spoils, taken in
his war exploits, with the people.

wa-xthi'-zhi, generous; liberal; munif-
icent.

wa-xthu’-zhu-ha, a coarse, heavy
sacking used for wrapping game:
gunny.

wa’-xto", a centipede. A much dread-
ed and feared insect among the
Indians as well as the whites.

wa-xwi™, a stench; a stink; a bad
odor.

wa-zha’, to disbelieve; to discredit; to
doubt the statement; to express
doubt.

a-wa‘-zha, I discredit it.

wa-tha’-zha, you discredit it.

o"-wo’-zha i, we discredit it.

wa-wi-zha, I expressed doubt as to
your statement.

wa-zha’-shto*, a person who likes to
engage in controversies; a polemi-
cal.

wa-zha’-wa, to have a pleasant time
at a feast or at a dance; revelry.

o*’-u-zha-wa, I had a pleasant time
at the dance.

thi’-u-zha-wa, you had a pleasant
time at the dance.

wa-zha’-wa a-thi" bi kshe, the
standards carried to excite enthu-
siasm.

Wa-zha’-zhe, the name of the subdi-
vision which refers to the water
portion of the earth. It is also
@ personal name belonging to the
Wa-tse-tsi or Po®-ka Wa-shta-ge
gens. In the mythical story of
this gens the people came from
the stars to the earth. In their
wanderings they came suddenly
upon a man who stood in the
midst of the waters that rushed
noisily over the rocks. The man
leading the way turned around
and said to his followers: ‘‘ Here
stands Wa-zha’-zhe, a person who
has made the waters of the earth
his body.’’ The person spoke to
the people, saying: ‘‘If you make

210

Wa-zha’-zhe—continued.
of me your bodies your little
ones shall become difficult to be
overtaken by death; they shall
enable themselves to live to see
old age. They shall also come
to the days that are beautiful.”’

The meaning of the name is
obscure. Even some of the older
Osage fail to give satisfactory
interpretation of the name.

Wa-zha’-zhe, name of the Osage
Tribe, corrupted by the French
to Osage.

Wa-zha’-zhe ¢ka, White Wa-zha’-zhe.
This refers to the Gentile life
symbol; the mussel with its shell.

Wa-zha’-zhe No®-ni-o®-ba, The Sa-
cred Pipe of the Wa-zha-zhe. At
the end of the Wa-no®-ce A-ba-cu
the Do-do*-ho*-ga takes from the
tobacco pouch a sharpened stick
and proceeds to dig out the burnt
tobacco adhering to the sides of
the bowl of the pipe. As he does
this he holds the pipe out at
arm’s length so that the particles
of tobacco may drop on the
bunches of symbolic grass at
his feet, repeating these words:
“T give you the sacred tobacco
of the Wa-zha-zhe, that is pleasing
and satisfying to the sense of
smell, to compensate you for the
life that you are to give up to
me.’ These bunches of grass,
the blades of which represent the
lives of the animals and men to
be slain by the war party, are
what is referred to in the ritual.

Wa-zha’-zhe Wa-no?, the Elder Wa-
zha-zhe. The name of a gens.

wa-zha’-zhe wa-to®, Osage crooked-
necked squash. ‘This is a favorite
food among this tribe; the squash
is cut, boiled, and served with
marrow grease.

wa-zhi -be, the leg bone of an animal.

wa-zhi'-be ga-gtho®, a lasting odor
that clings to the leg after walking
through certain weeds.

wa-zhi-be u-to"-ga, the thigh bone;
the femur.

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[BULL. 109

wa-zhi'-be we-gthi, marrow drawn
from the leg bone of a buffalo.
wa-zhi”, own will; volition.
wa-zhi” wi-ta pa-xe, I did it of my
own free will.
wa-zhi™ thi-ta shka-xe, you did it of
your own free will.
wa-zhi” a-shka (Om. same), mind
easily disturbed; quick to take
offense; quarrelsome.
wa-zhi™-a to®-a, the chicken hawk.
wa-zhi™-ga, any bird or fowl.
wa-zhi"-ga ga-be, blackbird.
Wa-zhi”-ga-ca-be, Black-bird. Per-
sonal name.
wa-zhi™-ga ci-gthe, tracks made by
birds’ feet.
Wa’ -zhi*-ga-hi’,
Personal name.

Feathers-of-a-bird.

wa-zhi"-ga hi® shto®-ga—wa-
zhi®-ga, bird; hi, feathers;
shto*-ga, soft: the soft downy

feathers of a bird.

wa-zhi”-ga hiu bi a, many birds.

wa-zhi™-ga ho-i-shta, birds of any
kind.

wa-zhi"-ga ho-to®, the cries of birds.

wa-zhi™-ga ho-to® gi-e xtsi 0” bi a,
the birds make noise with their
singing.

wa-zhi" -ga i-gi-wa-the, hateful bird,
This refers to the smallest of the
hawks known to the Osage, a
very aggressive bird. It symbol-
izes the courage of the warrior.

wa-zhi"-ga o, The Killing of a Bird.
This was a title given to the boy
who killed a bird for the first
time.

wa-zhi”-ga pa, the pileated wood-
pecker; the head of this bird with
the maxilla (jawbone) are attached
to the sacred pipes of the Osage,
Omaha, and Pawnee Tribes,

wa-zhi”-ga pa-da, bird’s egg.

wa-zhi"-ga pa to*-ga, the large-
headed bird; the pileated wood-
pecker; it is a symbol of the tribal
ceremonies.

wa-zhi"-ga pa-zhu-dse, red-headed
bird. The name given to the
red-headed ivory-billed pileated
woodpecker. The skin of the

LA PLESCHE]

wa-zhi"-ga pa-zhu-dse—continued.
head of this bird was used to
decorate caps and the ceremonial
pipes. They symbolize the sun
that touches the earth as it passes
with its life-giving power.

wa-zhi"-ga sha-ge, bird claws: talons,
as of the eagle.

wa-zhi™-ga shki wa-hi-o" no" bi 0,
birds migrate.

wa-zhi” gi-tha, by use of symbols
you shall have courage. (From a
ritual.)

Wa-zhi"-ga-tha-gthi’,
Personal name.

wa-zhi™-to"-ga, a big bird, or a large
chicken hawk.

wa-zhi™-to"-ga ki-the, to cause
himself to have or keep a stout
heart or great spirit.

wa-zhi™-ga tsi-he, bird’s nest.

wa-zhi” ga u-zhi-hi, the reddish bird.

wa-zhi™-ga-xu-dse, little gray bird
that builds its nest near the
ground.

wa-zhi"-ga zhu-dse, a red bird.

Wa-zhi”-i-gi-wa-the, Hated-bird.
Personal name. Refers to the
fear of the eagle by other birds.

wa-zhi™ i-ta, of one’s own free will

Good-bird.

and accord.

Wa-zhi”-ni-ka, Bird-man. Personal
name.

Wa-zhi”-pa, Bird-head. Personal
name. Refers to the head of the

eagle.
wa-zhi™ pi-zhi ga-xe—wa-zhi", will;
pi-zhi, bad; ga-xe, to make: to
enrage a person.
wa-zhi®” pi-zhi pa-xe, I made him

angry.

wa-zhi” pi-zhi shka-xe, you made
him angry.

wa-zhi™ pi-zhi o®-ga-xa i, we made
him angry.

bthi’-wa-zhi" pi-zhi, I angered him.
ni’-wa-zhi" pi-zhi, you angered him.
o®-thi’-wa-zhi" pi-zhi i, we angered
him.
wa-zhi” pi-zhi wa-gthi", he is very
angry.
wa-zhi" -stse-dse, fortitude; patient
and constant courage.
wa-zhi™-to, a parrot.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

211

wa-zhi™ to"-ga, doughty.

wa-zhi™-to"-ga, great courage; very
brave.

wa-zhi®-to"-ga ki-the, to cause
himself to have or keep a stout
heart or great spirit.

wa-zhi-tu, a parakeet.

wa-zhi” u-tsi—wa-zhi", will; u-tsi,
full of—full of great courage:
courageous.

Wa-zhi"-u-tsi, Courageous. Personal
name.

Wa’-zhi”’ -wa-xa, Greatest-in-courage.
Personal name.

wa-zhi” wi-ta pa-xe—wa-zhi", mind,
will, idea; wi-ta, mine; pa-xe, I
made: I did it of my own free
will, or it was my idea.

wa-zhi™-xo-e zhi*-ga—wa-zhi®, bird;
xo-e, gray; zhi®-ga, little—little
gray bird: snowbird.

Wa-zhi"-zhi-e, Red - (bird) - eagle.
Personal name.

wa-zhi” -zhu-e—wa-zhi®, bird; zhu-e,
red: the scarlet tanager.

wa-zho’-i-ga-the, a term which means
the object of which they (the
people) made their bodies; life
symbols.

wa-zho-i-ga-the wi-gi-e—wa-zho-i-
ga, to make bodies; the, the;
wi-gi-e, prayer for: prayer for
the making of bodies.

wa’-zho"-gi-the, to meet some people
unexpectedly.

wa -a-zho®-gi-the, I met them un-
expectedly.

wa’ -tha-zho"-gi-the, you met them
unexpectedly.

wo” -ga-zho"-gi-tha i, we met them
unexpectedly.

Wa-zho’-wa-gthe, two officers. Cho-
sen from the ranks. The first
thing to be done before a great
war ceremony was to appoint two
men, who were called wa-zho’-wa-
gthe; one of these officers was
chosen from the Tsi’-zhu division
and the other from the Ho”-ga.
This gave each of the two im-
portant gens a leader.

Wa-zho’-xtha, name given to the Oto
Tribe.

212

wa’'-zhu, a mantel; a shelf; a slab
placed over a fireplace on which
to rest articles.
wa-zhu’-ta i i-tho"-be—wa-zhu-ta,
animals; i, by which; i-tho-be,
appear: appearance of animals.
we, to plow.
a-wa’-e, I am plowing.
wa-tha-e, you are plowing.
o®-wo"-a i, we are plowing.
we’-a-ba-cu, the index or first finger;
a pointer.
we-a-gthi® tho"-ba—we,_ with;
a-gthi*, in excess of (ten); tho®-ba,
two: the twelfth.
we-a -gthi®: wit xtsi—we, with; a-
gthi», in excess of (ten); wi-xtsi,
one: the eleventh.
we-a -tha-cta, a sticky substance;
glue; mucilage.
we-a'-the im da, I have found them;
I see them.
we -a-xtha-dse, a war club.
we’-ba-ce—we, with which to; ba-¢e,
to cut by a pushing motion: a
handsaw.
we’-ba-gno®, a stick used for a spit
for roasting; a sharp stick.
we’ -ba-gu-dse, a stick used for picking
marrow out of a bone.
we’-ba-hno®, large wooden skewers
used in roasting buffalo meat.
we’ -ba-k’u—we, with which to; ba-
k’u, dig by a pushing motion: a
spade.
we’-ba-mo"®—we, with; ba-mo, to
file. This is the Osage word for
steel file.
we’-ba-tse, a handsaw.
we’-ba-xtse, a thong or vine used in
tying a bundle; twine; cord.
we’-be-bthi® hi, twining vines.
we’-bi-shda-ha, polisher; sandpaper.
a-gthi™ tho" shta-ha pa-xe he we-bi-
shda-ha i-pi-ka, I made the chair
smooth with sandpaper.
we’ -bi-to"-tha—we, for; bi-to™-tha,
rolling: a rolling pin.
we’ -bi-to’-tha o®-thi™-ge go® wa-bu-
cka da-pa pa-xe bthi-tsa gi he, I
have no rolling pin, I can not
make biscuits.
we’ -biu-ka, soap.
we’-biu-ka du-ba o*-thi-wi® a he,
buy me some soap.

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[BULL. 109

we’-ca-be wa-kchi-xe—we’-ca-be, to
be cautious; wa-kchi-xe, they make
for the people: for punishing
violators of the law.
we ca-to®, the fifth.
we’-cda-the, paint, house paint; (2)
varnish; oil.
tsi wi? ¢da-a-the, I paint the house.
tsi’ wi" ¢cda-tha-the, you paint the
house.
we’-cda-the, ointment for the hair
which is made from the fat of the
buffalo.
we’-da-ho", baking powder; baking
soda.
we -da-tha-zhi, without a
barren; childless.
we da-tha-zhi, barren, applied to a
cow that bears no young.
we'-da-the (Om. same), childbirth;
the act of giving birth to a child.
we’-da-a-the, I gave birth to a child.
we’ -da-tha-the, you gave birth to a
child.
we -da-the-shto", said of a tree with-
out fruit; fruitless.
we -da-zhi u-zhi, to transplant.
xtha-be tse we’-da-zhi u-wa-zhi ha,
I transplanted the tree.
xtha-be tse we’-da-zhi u-tha-zhi, you
transplanted the tree.
xtha-be tse we’-da-zhi 0®-gu-zhi i, we
transplanted the tree.
we’ -do-ba, the fourth.
we -do-bi-o"—we, with; do-bi-o',
fourth: with-fourth—fourth time.
we’ -do"-be—we, with; do"-be, to see:
a field glass; a spyglass; a telescope.
we’-do"-be wi" ko®-btha, I want a
spyglass.
we’ -do-be, sight on a gun.
we-e, a plow.
we-e ga-cta a-wa’-shi a ti ha, I
come to get my plow sharpened.
we’ -ga-cta—we, with which to; ga-
cta, pound: a hammer.
we’ -ga-dsu-xe—we, with which to;
ga, by striking; dsu-xe, brush—
with-which-to-brush by striking: a
broom.
we’-ga-dsu-xe ke a-gi-pa thi®-ge he,
the broom is worn.
we -ga-dsu-xe zhi®-ga, small broom.
we -ga-ko", same as we ga-dsu-xe zhi™-
ga.

child;

LA FLESCHE]
we’-ga-k’u, skin scraper—we, with
which to; ga-k’u, scrape. The

blade of the Osage skin scraper was
made of flint in former times, and
in modern times of iron. The
handle was made of elk horn.
we’ ga-pshe, same as pa-hiu-i-gtha-tha.
we’-ga-thu-¢ca, use as a weapon to
strike with.
we’-ga-xe, ceremonial forms. These
consist of the Approach to the
House and the Opening of the
Portable Shrine; in this is kept the
Sacred Hawk, the most holy of
any of the sacred treasures of the
tribe; these are used throughout
the performance.
we’-ga-xe tho"-tse—we, with; ga-xe,
make; tho®-tse, possible: things
that may be useful or practical.
we’ -ga-xto® ni, a liquid measure; four
quarts; a gallon.
we’ -ga-xto" wa-ho-stsa, a peck meas-
ure.
we’-ga-zhi*, whip; quirt.
we’-ga-zhi", screen; a coarse sieve
used in winnowing small grain.
we’ -ga-zhi" i-ba, whip handle.
we’ -ge-xtha-dse, a kind of war club.
we’-go"-tha, a sign by which one
makes known his wants. Used as
a symbol in their supplication.
(From a ritual.)
we-gtha’-e, to distribute.
we-a'-gtha-e, I distributed among
them.
we’ - tha - gtha-e, you distributed
among them.
we-o"’-gtha-ai, we distributed among
them.
we’-gthe-btho"—we, with;
btho2, ten: the tenth.
we’-gthe-btho” ¢ga-to", we, to make
with; gthe-btho®, ten; ¢a-to®, five:
the fiftieth.
we’-gthe-btho"® pe-tho"-ba—we, to
make with; gthe-btho®, ten; pe-
tho®-ba, seven: the seventieth.
we’ -gthe-ce i-ga-xe, pen.
we -gthe-ce-the, a pen or pencil.
we’-gthe-ce-the thi-ta zhu-dse, your
pencil is red.
we’-gthe-ce-the wi-ta ga-be, my pen-
cil is black.

gthe-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

213

we’-gthi, grease; oil; kerosene.
we’ -gthi-ca-gi—we-gthi, grease; ¢a-
gi, hard: tallow.
we -gthi mo®-ko"—we’-gthi, oil; mo"-
ko", medicine: castor oil.
we’-ha-ge, the last one in line; refers
to ceremonial order.
we -ha-gi-the, the last one, or the end
of a line.
we’ -hi-dse, off; far away; distant.
we’ -hi-dse pshi, I went far away.
we’-hi-dse shi, you went far away.
we’-hno?, grateful; thankful; gratitude.
we’-a-hno®, I am grateful.
we’-tha-hno®, you are grateful.
we’-ho® zhi, a disagreeable person.
we’-i-shi-be—we, with which; i,
modification of thi, action with
the hand; shi-be, unfasten or
open: a key.
we’ -k’e, to dig with; a mattock.
we’ -ki-e-do-ba, the eighth.
we’-ki-gthi2 wit ge btha-btha-ce
bi a, he was in tatters.
we’ -ki-gthi-wi", ktsi’-xe, to adorn
with clothing: to deck.
we’-ki-gthi-wi" -u-gi’-pa-ho*, to
dress.
we -ki-gthi-wi®
dress.
we -ki-gthi-wi®
you dress.
we’ -ki-gthi-wi" o®-gu-gi-pa-ho® i, we
dress.
we’ -ki i-he-the, to use as a means by
which to make theenemy fall. (A
ritual term.)
we’ -ki-i-he-o"-the, let us use it to
make our enemies fall.
we’-ki-k’o", tools; machinery; imple-
ments. Any article that may be
used for practical purposes, as an
ax, a hoe, or an awl; any plant,
stone, or feathers that may be
used in the manufacture of cere-
monial articles, as clubs, knives,
standards.
we’ -ki-k’o" ga-xe, to invent; inven-
tion.
we’-ki-k’o" pa-xe, I invented some-
thing.
we -ki-k’o2 shka-xe, you have an
invention.
we’ -ki-k’o0" 02-ga-xa i, we invented it.

u-wa’-gi-pa-ho", I

u-tha’-gi-shpa-ho®,

214

we -ki-k’o" tha-gthi", useful; service-
able; something good.
we’-ki-shno" (Om. same), to be
grateful for a gift or a favor shown.
we-a’-ki-shno®, I am grateful.
we-tha’-ki-shno", you are grateful.
we-o"-ki-shno® i, we are grateful.
we -ki-shno® thi"-ge, to be without
gratitude; thankless; ungrateful.
we’-k’o", to cultivate; the act of
weeding.
we-a’-k’o", I am weeding.
we-tha’-k’o", you are weeding.
we-o"’-k’o" i, we are cultivating.
we’ -k’u-tse, a measure; bushel, yard,
pint, quart, or gallon.
we’'-mo*-ka, to use as a@ means to
easily attain the end desired; to
easily overcome the enemy.
we’-no®-de, gratified; satiated.
we’-no"-dse, to feed until filled to
satisfaction.
we-a’-no"-dse, I am satisfied (my
hunger).
we-tha’-no®-dse,
(your hunger).
we’-pe-tho"-ba, the seventh—we,
with; pe-tho®-ba, seven.
we’-o"-tha bi o, we see them.
we’-sha-be-the-hiu, maple sugar
(Acer saccharinum). The bark of
this tree was used for making a
black dye.
we -sha-pe, the sixth.
we’-sho?, grateful.
we’-stse-the, that which is used in
curing disease; therapeutics; a
remedy.
a-tsi® i-ga-ba-xe a-ba we’-stse-the
tha-gthi® bi a, quinine is a good
remedy.
we’-tha-bthi", the third—we, with
which to make; tha-bthi, three.
we’-tha-bthi®-o", the third time.
we’-tha-gta, glue. The Osage made
glue from the turtle shell. This
same word may be used to express
any sticky or gluey substance, or
anything adhesive.
we’-tha-hni, that by which we swal-
low; the gullet.
we-tha’-hni u-ba-gu_ tse,
palate.

you are satisfied

a soft

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 169

we’-tha-the i* da, you have found
them.
we’-tha-wa, counters. Among the
Osage, sticks, grains of corn, or
seeds were used for counting.
we’-tha-xtho"-zhe, a grinder; a molar
tooth. :
we’-the, to see, find, or discover.
we-a’-the, I discover.
we-tha’-the, you discover.
we-o”’-tha i, we discover.
we’-the-wa-ca-ta, a 5-cent piece; a
nickel.
we’-thi-gpo*, scales for weighing.
we’-thi-gtho" o-xpa-tha, no ability
to reason, or lack of sensibility;
insanity.
we’-thi-hi-dse, the use of something
in a magical way for overcoming
the enemy. Reference to the
gourd used in this way occurs in
the recited parts of one of the
wi-gi-es. (See Pe-xe Thu-ca bi
wi-gi-e, paraphrased in back of
book.)
we’-thi-ki"-dse, an instrument made
of sinews, used to soften hides by
friction.
we’-thi-k’u-dse, an auger.
we’-thi-mo*-shi, a lifter; a jack for
the lifting of wheels and other
heavy objects.
we’-thi*, string; cord; rope; lariat;
halter-strap.
We’-thi*-ga-gi, Strong-strap. A per-
sonal name.
we’-thi" go", braided lariat.
We’-thi"-ga-xe, Maker-of-straps.
Personal name. Refers to making
of captive straps for warriors of a
party.
we’-thi"-ke stsi-ba-xe, you broke the
cord in two.
we’-thi®-thi-do*, to pull anything
taut, as a rope, a tent cover; or to
spread a blanket tight.
we’-thi" thi-gtha-wa, tolengthen a
rope or thong.
we’-thi" bthi-gtha-wa, I lengthened
the rope.
we’ -thi® stsi-gtha-wa, you lengthened
the rope.
we’-thi2 0®-thi-gtha-wa i, we length-
ened the rope.

LA FLESCHE]

We’-thi® Zhi*-ga, Little-strap. A
personal name originated by the
Tsi‘-zhu Wa-no® gens. (For other
personal names see back of book.)

we’ -thi®-zhi®-ga, anything used for
tying.

we -thi-shi-be, a key.

we’-thi-shi-be ke 0®-wo*-xpa-the mi*-
kshe o, I lost my door key.
we’-thi-stsu-e, pincers; pliers.
we’-thi-stsu-e ke u-xpa-the a-the ha,
I lost the pincers.
we’-thi-stsu-e ke i’-tha-the ha, you
found the pincers.

we’ -thi-to"® tha-gthi", good to work
with; a useful implement.

we’-thi-wi", to sell or to purchase.

we -bthi-wi®, I sell.

we’-stsi-wi", you sell.

we’-thi-wi" thi-shto?, sold.

ni-ka-shi-ga a-ka ka-wa tho®-ba o*-
thi-wi® a-ka o, I sold two horses to
the man.

tsi tse we-bthi-wi® bthi-shto™ ha, I
sold the house.

we’-thi-xthi, the head of a man or of
an animal.

we’-thi-xthi ga-shi-be,
poll tax.

we’-thi-xthi ga-shi-be tse o®-ga’-shi-
be ta i-ki, the poll tax must be
paid.

we’-thi-xthi k’i’-tha, dandruff; scaly
head.

we’ -thi-xthi k’i-tha bi a-tha, he has
a scaly head.

we’ -thi-xthi-ni-e, headache.

we’-thi-xthi to"®-ga—we’-thi-xthi,

head pay;

head; to®-ga, big—big head:
cabbage.
we’-thi-xthi-to"-ga ba-to-be, cab-

bage chopped fine; slaw.

we’-thi xthi u-sda, the bare part of
the forehead; the center of the
forehead.

we’-thi-xthi wa-hi, the skull of a
human being or of an animal; the
cranium.

we’-thi-xthi xi*-ha, the skin of the
head; the scalp.

we’-tho"-ba, the second.
ritual.)

(From a

OSAGE DICTIONARY

215

we’-thu-xa, rake used for removing
old cornstalks and weeds in pre-
paring the ground for planting.
By some of the Osage Tribe this
word is we’-thu-xe.

we’-to®-i", to examine with care and

take note of what has_ been
examined.

we’-to®-i" a-the, I examined with
care.

we’-to"-i tha-tha i, you examined
with care.

we’-to®-i2 o®-tha i, we examined it.

we’-to"-i2, mark of identification.

we’-to" i2-da, an expression found in
ritual, meaning, we see from our
divining sense.

we’-to"-the i-ba, a scraper; an im-
plement used in preparing skins,
especially for drying purposes.

we’-ts’a, reptile; snake.

we’-ts’a cga-be, black snake—we-ts’a,
snake; ga-be, black.

we’ -ts’a-ci-ci-e, bull snake—we-ts’a,
snake; gi-ci-e, yellow spots on
body.

we’-ts’a-ci"-dse e-go*, resembling a
rattlesnake’s tail; yarrow (Achillea
millefoium). This is a toothache
medicine; the flower of the plant
is used for perfume.

we’ -ts’a-cka, white snake.
has a red breast.

we’ -ts’a-da-pa, the short snake (the
spreading adder).

we’ -ts’a-gthe-ce—we-ts’a, snake;
gthe-ce, striped: garter snake.

we’-ts’a ni-dsi-wa-o", water snake.

we’-ts’a ni-gi, water snake; water
moccasin.

we’ -ts’a pa-ta zhi"-ga, a young snake
just hatched.

we’-ts’a-to-ho zhi"-ga—we’-ts’a,
snake; to-ho, blue; zhi*-ga, little—
little blue snake: the blue racer.

we’-ts’a to"-ga, the great snake; a
trope for the rattlesnake. A ritual
term. The common name for this
snake is she’-ki.

we’-ts’a tsi-tsi-zhe, name given to
the glass snake by the Osage,
from we-ts’a, snake; tsi-tsi-zhe,
brittle.

This snake

216

we’-ts’a u-bi-xo"—we’-ts’a, snake;
u-bi-xo", puff: moccasin snake.
We’-ts’a u-zhi, Snake Creek; Mar-
maton, Kans.
we’-ts’a we-thi-xthi zhu-dse, red-
headed snake; the copperhead.
we’ -ts’a zhu-zhu-dse—we-ts’a, snake;
zhu-zhu-dse, spotted red: a copper-
head snake. Among the Osage
the word we’-ts’a we-thi-xthi zhu-
dse, meaning red-headed snake,
is often used for the copperhead.
we’ -tse-ga, blue-winged warbler.
we’-tsi", a battle-ax, or any club used
in fighting.
We’-tsi", War-club. Personal name.
Refers to the ceremonial war club.
we’-u-ga-do*, a hammer.
we’-u-ta-ca, a pleasing ornament; an
ornament becoming to anyone.
we’-u-tha-do®*, a stopper of any kind.
we-u’-thi-k’u-dse (Om. we-u’-thi ’u-
de), a gimlet, bit, or auger.
we’-zha-pshe, a bayonet; a lance; a
spear; a javelin.
we’-zha-pshe ke pa-hi wa-gthi", the
spear is very sharp.
we’-zhiu, frame for broiling beef.
we’ -zhu-dse-the, red dye.
We’-zhi-u-gi-pi, Trench-full. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the fullness
of the fire trench.
wi, a term of endearment; my.
wi-ko’, my grandmoter.
wi ku’-tha, my friend.
wi to®’-dse, my son-in-law.
wi-tsi’-go, my grandfather; this ex-
pression is used in tribal rites to
denote veneration.
wi-tsi’-ni, my daughter-in-law.
wi-tsi’-zho"® a, my niece.
wi-tsu’-shpa, my grandchild.
wi, I am.
wi a’-to" he, I am he who stands
before you.
wi-a’-wa-ki-kshe, I mean myself.
wi'-gi, to jump; alight from a horse;
leap.
wi'-gi-gi, flea.
wi-cgo-ga, brother (younger than my-
self). This is the ordinary use of
the kinship term for my younger
brother. But the same term is
used ceremonially when no blood

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

{BULL. 109

wi-¢o”’-ga—continued.
relationship exists. One member
of a tribe may address members of
the other gentes of the same divi-
sion with this term. Following is
an illustration of how the term
would be used:
wi-¢o"’-ga u-wa gi-ki-e mi kshe o, [
spoke to my younger brother.
wi'-e, I; me.
wi'-gi-e, orison; prayer; to pray.
wi -a-gi-e, I pray.
wi'-tha-gi-e, you pray.
wi-o”’-gi-a i, we pray.
wi -gi-e ni-ka-shi-ga, a divine clergy-
man.
Wi -gi-e to"-ga, the great ritual.
wi -gi-e tsi—wi'-gi-e, ritual or prayer;
tsi, house: church.
wi-gi-e tsi tse o®-ga-hi no® bi a,
o*-ba-wa-ko"-da-gi tse dsi, we go
to church on Sunday.
wi-gi’ o*-btha, I beat you in the race.
wi'-gi-tha, I make for you, to make
easy for you to succeed. (From a
ritual.)
wi’ -gi-the, I have called you to be.
wi-he’, special kinship term; the name
by which the second daughter is
called.
wi-kchi’-xa, I have made for you.
Also wi-ktsi’-xe.
wi*, one; single.
ni’-ka wi, one man.
wa-k’o wi", one woman.
wi"-a’-ha, altogether.
wi"-a’-xtsi-o", once; one time.
wi” -gthi-zhi, absent; away; not pres-
ent.
wi’-ka i ha, he is sincere.
wi"’-ke, truth; sincere; genuine; sin-
cerity; sure.
wit-a’-ke, I speak the truth.
wi"’-tha-ke, you speak the truth.
wi" ka-zhi, he speaks not the truth.
wi” -ke a-zhi", credence; belief.
wi"’-ke a-a-zhi", I believe him.
wi” -ke a-tha-zhi", you believe him.
wi” -ke 0®-ga-zhi® i, we believe him.
wi*’-kshe gi-ba-ha, to demonstrate.
wi'-no®*, a ritual term.
wi"’-no"-the, each one;
dividual; each.
wi”’-tho"-tho2, one apiece; one by one.

every in-

LA FLESCHE]

wi" -xtsi, one of a kind; a single piece.
wi”’-xtsi ko"-btha, I want one.
wi*’-xtsi-o", once.
wi-o"™-btha, I beat you in a race.
wi'-o0"-wo", which? which one?
wi’-o"-wo" the stiu-ce a, which did
you take?
wi -pa-xe, I made or make for you.
wi -shki, I also.
wi -shki-do®, I too, for my part.
wi’-shno®, [ alone.
wi -shti, I also.
wi'-ta, denoting possession; my or
mine.
mo®-zho® wi’-ta, my land.
ka-wa wi-ta, my horse.
tsi wi-ta, my house or tipi.
zhi®-ga zhi®-ga wi-ta, my child.
wi’-tho"-gka, men who are of my age.
wi-to”-be, I see you; I look upon you.
An expression used in certain
ceremonies.
wi-tsi-go’-e, my grandfather; also
used in rituals. The term tsi-go
is applied to a father’s father, to
his father, to a mother’s father, to
his brother, to a father-in-law, and
to a wife’s maternal uncle. It is
also used as a term of reverence
for God and for natural objects,
such as the sun, the morning star,
the dipper, Orion’s belt, the pole
star, and living objects whose
mysterious habits inspire in the
Osage mind a feeling of reverence
for the Creator.

xa’-de-i-tu-gtho®, a hayrack.
xa’-dse, grass.
xa’-dse ke bthi-sda, I pull the grass.
xa’-dse ke ni-sda, you pull the grass
xa'-dse gi-gta-ge o*-ki-the ta bi®-
da, we will cause the grasses to be
flattened to the ground for our-
selves. (From a ritual.)
xa’-ga, bristling; rough in appearance.
xa-ge’, to weep or to cry; lamentation.
a’-xa-ge, I weep.
tha’-xa-ge, you weep.
o®-xa’-ga i, we cry or weep.
Xa-ge’-wa-the, Makes-them-weep.
Personal name.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

217

wi-tsi"’-do, brother older (than my-
self); woman speaking.

Wi'-tsi-ta, a Wichita; Wichitas.

wi-tsu’-shpa-zhi xtsi tho", my dear
grandchild (w. sp.).

wi-u’-ga-do", a hammer of any kind
used for driving nails or tent pins.

wi-u’-gthe e-zhi, portly.

wi-u’-thi-mo’, screws.

wi-wi'-ta, mine.

wi-xi'-btha mo®-zhi" ha, I have not
misplaced my confidence in you.

wi-zhi*-the, my elder brother; my
brother older than myself.

wo®, for the first time.

wo, one.

wo" -cka, it happened.

wo"™-da, in the course of time; at
length; seldom.

Wo"-da, Wyandotte.

wo"-go”, soon; in haste.

wo"-go”™ tha thi" ho, go in haste.

wo"-go” gi-ba-ko", quick to anger;
sensitive; quick tempered.

wo"-go” -xtsi, without delay; quickly;
straight way.

wo?” shki do®, any one of them.

wo"-the, same as ¢a-ni.

wo” -the-the, every one; the whole;
entire thing; all.

wo"-the-the i-thi-gtho"—wo"-the-
the, all; i-thi-gtho", control all:
democracy; government by the
people.

wo" -xtsi-o", once; a single time.

x

xa-ge’ wa-xo"-xo", crying and broken

songs. This is the name of the
three songs belonging to the
procession of the night. Xa-ge,

to cry, refers to the appeal made
by those songs to the night, to the
Power that moves in the night.
Wa-xo"-xo®, broken in pieces, refers
to the group of ownership of these
songs and the manner in which
they are sung in the Wa-sha-be
A-thi*.

xa-pe’-no®, to pluck, as plucking the
ripened ears of corn.

218

xa-pi-e’-the, to snatch.
xa-pi-a-the, I snatch.
xa-pi-tha-the, you snatch.
xa-pi-o"-tha i, we snatch.
xa’-tha, backward.
xa-tha-gthe’, to appear to move
backward; retrograde.
xa’-tha gthe ga-xe—xa-tha, back;
gthe, come; ga-xe, to make—
make-to-come-back: a term used
in court.
xa’-tha mo*-thi, the act of stepping
backward.
xa’-tha mo®-bthi®, I walk backward.
xa-tha’ mo*-stsi", you walk back-
ward.
xa-tha ta thi-sho" ha’-ge—xa-tha,
backward; ta, in that direction;
thi-sho", toward; ha-ce, to flee—
in-that-direction-toward-to-flee: to
retreat.
xa’ -tha-wa-do"-be, to look backward.
xa’-tha-wa-to®-be, I look backward.
xa’-tha-wa-shto®-be, you look back-
ward.
xa’-tha o®-wo?-do"-ba i,
backward.
xa’-xa-ga, rough.
sha-ge tse o*-wo" thi-xa-ga mi®-
kshe 0, my hands are rough.
xe, to bury; to inter.
a-xe’, I buried him or her.
tha-xe’, you buried him or her.
a-xe’ ta mi kshe o, I shall bury him.
tha-xe’ ta tse 0, you shall bury him.
xe’-be, shallow; not deep.
xe’-ga, dead, as tall grass or a tree.
xe’-ki, the lowlands lying along the
foot of a hill or along the line of
hills.
xe’ -mo*-ge, frost; hoarfrost.
xi -a-tha, to fall.
a-xi’-btha, I fall.
tha-xi’-shna, you fall.
o®-xi’-tha i, we fall.
xi’-dse, dim; feeble eyesight.
i"-shta’ thi-xi-dse, your eyes are dim.
i™-shta o®-xi-dse, my eyes are dim.
xi’-ga, same as wa-to-i" a-zhi.
xi*-ha, skin of a human being or bark
of a tree.
xi®-ha’ gka, white skin; the white race.
xi”-ha sha-be—xi®-ha, skin; sha-be,
dark—dark skin: swarthy.

we look

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

xi" -tha-tha, to hurry; make haste; to
hie.
xi>’-tha-tha bthe, I hurry.
xi’-tha-tha stse, you hurry.
xi*’-tha-tha o"-ga-tha i, we hurry.
xi-tha, eagle; golden eagle. The
golden eagle figures in the Osage
rites as a symbol of courage.
The black on the tips of its tail
feathers represents fire and char-
coal. Its ceremonial name is
Wa-zhi"-ga wa-tha-xthi-thi.-ge,
Bird-that-has-no-stain.
xi-tha’ a-ba ga-wi®-xe no" bi a, the
eagle soars.
xi-tha’ thie-ke a-hi® te thi-xo™ bi a,
the eagle’s wings are broken.
xi-tha’, lack of confidence.
wi-xi’-btha ha, I have no confidence
in your ability.
o®-tha’-xi-shta, you have no confi-
dence in my ability.
xi’-tha, to fall; to die; to perish.
axi’-btha, I fall.
tha-xi’-shna, you fall.
o®-xi’-tha i, we fall.
xi’-tha, to topple.
zho® a-ka xi-tha ta i-tse e-dsi a-hi
a-ka ha, the tree is ready to topple.
xi’-tha. (See hi-pshe.)
xi-tha’-cka, white eagle;
name of a Ponca Indian.
xi-tha’-pa, white-headed eagle, bald
headed.
xi-tha’-sha, red eagle;
eagle.
Xi-tha-u’-ga-sho", Eagle-that-trav-
els. Personalname. Refers to the
tireless soaring of the eagle.
xi-tha-u’-gtho"-ge, eagle-feather
headdress. ‘
xi-tha’ zhi"-ga, young bald eagle.
xiu-tha’, the eagle. This is consid-
ered among the Osage as a sacred
bird. It figures as a symbol in the
tribal rites.
xiu-tha’ e-go"® zhi"-ga, hangbird or
oriole.
xi‘xi-ni, gristle.
xi’-xi-tha, to stagger, as a drunken
man.
xo’-de (Om. same), drab; a grayish
color.

also the

a mythical

LA FLESCHE]

xo’-dse, gray, a gray line.

ka’-wa xo-dse, gray horse.

xo-e, to roar, as the wind or the
waterfall; to sigh; to sough, as
the wind in the trees; to rumble.

xo’-ga, badger.

Xo’-ga-hi"-e-go", Hair-like-a-badger.
Personal name.

xo’ka, this is the title of a man who
acts as initiator in the initiatory
ceremony of a tribal rite. Such a
man must be one who has taken
the degree he confers. He may
choose his own candidate or he
may be chosen by a man offering
himself as a candidate for initia-
tion into the degree.

Xo’-ka, Official prompter.

xo", to break; just a simple break.

bthi’-xo", I break.
ni-xo™’, you break.
o®-thi’-xo" i, we break.

xo*-dse, the red cedar. Used as a
symbol among the Osage, found
in ritual.

xo”’dse hi, the cedar tree.

Xo”-dse hi, Cedar Hills. At this
place ten Pawnee warriors were
killed in the woods. This was
the site of the fifteenth camp i
the first trail.

Xo"™-dse hi ga-xa, Cedar Tree Creek.
The seventeenth camp in the
second buffalo trail. (See Tsi-zhe-
be e-go".)

Xo-dse-hiu ga-xa,
Creek; Cedar, Okla.

Xo" -dse-u-mo"-i", Dwell-among-the-
cedars. Personal name. Refers
to the thunder and lightning
which are supposed to live among
the cedars. There is also another
meaning to this word, which is
Walks-among-the-cedars, a per-
sonal name; refers to the habit
of the bears.

xo”-dse wa-tse, Cedar Star. The
name of a subgens of the Ni’-ka
Wa-ko-da-gi gens; acts as Sho’-ka
both for itself and the gens.

Xo" -dse-wi", Cedar-woman. Female
personal name. Refers to the
cedar tree.

xo" -xo", to break in pieces.

67025—32——15

Cedar Tree

OSAGE DICTIONARY

219

Xo2-xo”-mo2-i", Shines-as-he-moves.
Personal name. Refers to the
reflection of the sun on the out-
spreading of the eagle.

xo’ ta, blackbird.

xo’-ta a-hiu gi-hi,
blackbird.

xo’-ta a-hiu ¢cka, white-winged black-
bird.

xo’-ta a-hiu zhu-dse,
blackbird.

xo’-ta pa-gi, yellow-headed black-
bird—xo-ta, blackbird; pa, head;
ci, yellow.

Xo’-ta-wi., Blackbird-woman.
male personal name.

xo-ta-xo-dse, the starling — xo-ta,
blackbird; xo-dse, gray: gray black-
bird.

xpe’-ga, languid; drooping.

o*-xpe’-ga, I am languid.
thi-xpe’-ga, you are languid.
xpe’-xpe-ga, repeated or continued
languidness.

xpo", from da-xpo®, to thaw out.

xta’-the, to love.

xta’-a-the, I love.
xta’-tha-the, you love.
xto”’-tha i, we love.

xtha, blossoms of any kind.

xtha, haggard; weary from work.

xtha a-thi” hi, emaciate; loss of
flesh; to waste away.

xtha o”-thi hi, I am emaciated.
xtha a’-thi-thi® shi, you are emaci-
ated.

xtha-be i’-ta-xe, the topmost branch
of a tree.

xtha-ci’, yellow blossom; yellow flower.

Xtha gi-bi, month of yellow flowers:
August.

Xtha-gci' btho-ga-gi, all yellow flowers
blossom: September.

Xtha-ci' ga-xa zhi"-ga,
Creek.

Xtha-gi u’-gthi*, Sunflower Village
(Old Village).

xtha-cka’, white flower—xtha. flower;
¢ka, white: a rose.

xtha-¢cka’ a-ba i-gi-ha u-i shna bi a,
the rose is perennial.

xtha-cka’ a-ba wa-xa-pa-hi u-tsi bi a,
the rose has thorns.

yellow-winged

red-winged

Fe-

Sunflower

220

xtha-cka’—continued.
xtha-cka’ a-ka btho® tha-gthi™ bi o,
the rose has a pleasant odor.
xtha-cka’ a-ka da’-ts’e-ga bi a, the
roses are wilted.
xtha-cka’ ke u-bu-dse ga-xa bi a, the
roses were in profusion.

xtha-cka’ u-bthi’-bu-dse, I strew
roses.
xtha-cka’ u-thi-btho® o*-tha-gthi.,

I like the scent of the roses.
xtha-cka’ zha-bthi-ga wi" ko®-btha,
I want to sprout the rose.

xtha-cka ba-shki xi’-tha-no" bi a
tha, flowers perish.

xtha-cka’ e-go"—xtha-cka,
e-go", like—roselike: rosy.

xtha-cka’ tsu-hu, violet.
xtha-cka zhi’-hi wi" the tse, a pink
rose.

Xtha-cka’ zhi"-ga ts’e-the, Killer of
Flowers, month of May. Frost
so often came at this time of the
year, killing the young flowers;
hence the name.

xtha-zhi"ga, lean; gaunt; haggard;
slender; slim; thin; lean. (See
ca-gi zhi®-ga.)

xtha-zho” no’, falling of the blossoms
of corn.

xthe’ge, a fracture.

xthe’-ge, to crack.

a’-xthe-ge, I cracked it.

tha’-xthe-ge, you cracked it.

o®-ga’-xthe-ga i, we cracked it.

xtha’-xtha, timid; cowardly.

xtha’-xtha thi-ge xtsi ni-ka-shi-ga
bi a a bi2 da, among those people
there were none who were cow-
ardly.

xthe’ge u-mo"-ka,
broken.

xthe’-ts’a-ge, this is an ancient title,
the exact meaning of which is lost,
but it is used to designate the
eight men chosen by the No”’-ho2-
zhi®-ga to aid the principal Com-
mander in a war party. These
officers, in a council, determine the
course to be pursued by the war
party and personally command the
men.

& rose;

fragile; easily

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

xthe-xthe’, tattooed (symbolical).
xthi, fester; suppurate.
sha-ge tse o®-xthi, my hand is fes-
tered.
xthi-ba’-the, same as tsi’-k’a.
xthi", growl of an animal.
sho®’-ge a-ka xthi7 bi a, the dog
growled.
xthi*-zha’, sparks of a fire. Sparks
that fly upward from the sticks or
fire drills used for starting a fire.
xthi-u’-zhi, silent; quiet; still.
xthi-u’-zhi xtsi zho" bi a, he lay very
still.
xtho’ge tho®-ba, a double-barreled
shotgun; (2) two holes.
xtho’-k’a, empty; emptiness.
o®-zhi-to-ho tse xtho-k’a, the bottle
is empty.
xtho-xtho’-dse, to snort.
ge.)
xtho®, to sulk; pout; peeved.
a-xtho" bthe, I went away in a sulk.
tha-xtho” stse, you went away in a
pout.
xtho”-zhe, to crush with the hands.
a’-xtho"-zhe, I crush with my hands.
tha’-xtho®-zhe, you crush with your
hands.
o°-ga’-xtho®-zha i, we crush with our
hands.
xthu’-’a, any kind of a hollow in a
tree or log; sometimes written
xthu’-k’a.
xthu’-ge, spaces in the air passages
extending throughout the roots of
the American lotus.
xthu-ge zhi®-ga, little holes; passages.
So named on account of the small
holes they found in some of the
roots of. the Nelumbo lutea, which
were around this place. The site
of the tenth camp of the first trail.
xthu’-zhi, silently; quietly.
xthu’-zhi go"-tha, to move easily or
carefully; stealthily; gradually.

(See zho®-

xthu’-zhi go™-tha bthe, I went
stealthily.
xthu’-zhi go®-the stse, you went

stealthily.
xthu’-zhi go®-tha o®-ga-tha i, we
went stealthily.

LA FLESCHE]

xtsi, verily; very.
no”’-thi»-thi*-ge xtsi the a bi a, verily
it is said, there is nothing he did
not know.
xto® (Om. same), to spill; to slop over.
pa-xto", I spilled it.
shpa’-xto", you spilled it.
o®-ba‘-xto" i, we spilled it.

xu’be, holy, supernatural power; (2)
sanctity.

Xu-e’-gi-da, Comes-roaring. Personal
name. Refers to the wind in an
approaching storm.

Xu-e’-no®-zhi", Stands-soughing. Per-
sonal name. Refers to the mur-
muring of the cedar trees as the
wind passes through the branches.

xu’-ha, the skin of a person or an
animal.

xu-tha’, eagle; the adult golden eagle.

Xu-tha’-da-wi", Good-eagle-woman.
Female personal name.

xu-tha’ e-go" zhi®-ga—xu-tha, eagle;
e-go", like; zhi®-ga, little: resem-
bles a young eagle.

Xu-tha’-ga-hi-ge, Eagle-chief.
sonal name.

Xu-tha’-ga-hi-ge ga-xa, Eagle Chief
Creek. This was 30 miles from
the sixth camp, and here the
seventh camp of the third buffalo
hunt was established.

Xu-tha’-gthe-zhe, Speckled-eagle.
Personal name. Refers to the

Per-

zha, an expression of doubt.
a-zha, I doubt.
tha-zha, you doubt.
o®-zha i, we doubt.
zha’-be, the beaver. This animal
figures prominently in Osage tribal
rites. It was the beaver who gave
to the warriors the thirteen willow
saplings with which to recount the
military honors won by them in
battle, seven for the Ho*’-ga war-
rior and six for the ‘Tsi’-zhu.
The beaver is an animal specially
favored by Wa-ko*’-da. Both the
Osage and Omaha used the flesh
of the beaver for food. When
the fur traders opened trade with

OSAGE DICTIONARY

221

Xu-tha’-gthe-zhe—continued.
immature golden eagle,
tail feathers are speckled.

Xu-tha’-k’i*, Eagle-carrier.
name.

Xu-tha’-mi, Eagle-woman.
personal name.

Xu-tha’-mi-tse-xi, Eagle-sacred-sun.
Female personal name.

whose

Personal

Female

Xu-tha’-ni-ka, Eagle-man. Personal
name.

Xu-tha’-pa, Eagle-head. Personal
name.

xu-tha’ pa-co" zho-i-ga-the, Bald
Eagle People. A subgens of the
Wa’-tse-tsi gens; acts as Sho’-ka
to both itself and the gens.

Xu-tha’-sha-be, Dark-colored-eagle.
Personal name.

Xu-tha’-to"-ga, Big-eagle. Personal
name.
Xu-tha’-ts’a-ge, Aged-eagle. Per-

sonal name.

Xu-tha’-wa-ko"-da, Mysterious-ea-
gle. Personal name.

Xu-tha’-wa-shu-she,
Personal name.

Xu-tha’-wa-to"-i%, Kagle-plainly-
seen. Personal name.

Xu-tha’-xtsi, Real-eagle.
name.

Xu-tha’-zhu-dse, Red-eagle.
sonal name.

xwi®, fetid, offensive smell.

Brave-eagle.

Personal

Per-

zha’-be—continued.
these two tribes the pelt of the
beaver played a large part in the
trade.

zha’-be do-ga, the male _ beaver.
This is used as the life symbol
of the E-no»® Mi-dse-to" (Bow
gens) of the Wa-zha’-zhe, the sub-
division representing the water
portion of the earth.

zha-be ni u-no®-sho-da bi—zha-be,
beaver; ni, water; u-no®-sho-da,
make the water dirty with their
feet; bi, they: the stirring in the
water by the beaver.

zha’-be-ta-zho" hi, tree of
beaver (Acer negundo).

the

222

zha’-be-ta-zho"—zha’-be-ta, beavers;
zho®, wood: beaver-wood boxelder
(Rulae negundo).
zha’-be-wa-tha-k’ i-tha, beaver’s
itch; ringworm (Trichophytosis).
zha’-be wi" u-bthi"-ge, mo*®-ge
u-thu bthi"-ge, I caught a
beaver in a steel trap.
zha’-biu-cka, an ant. In the war
rites the ant represents the weap-
ons of the warriors. The last act
of the great war ceremony when
the warriors are about to march
against the enemy is performed
by the Do-do*-ho-ga, or chief
commander of the army. He
recites an ancient ritual by which
every chief commander called
upon the spirit of the black
fighting ant to make _ unerring
and effective the weapons of his
warriors and to make certain the
overthrow of the foe.
zha’-biu-c¢cka ga-be, black ant.
zha’-biu-c¢ka gi, yellow ant.
zha’-biu-¢ka zhu-dse, red ant.
zha-bthi”-ga, a sprout; a shoot from
a plant.
zha’-gi-he, stabbing his horse or any
other animal.
zha’-hiu, Rudbeckia substomeutosa.
This plant belongs to the aster
family; it is sweet smelling and is
used by the Osage for perfumery.
In the legend of Ca ga-xe, the
Making of the Rush for the
shrine that held the sacred hawk,
the ceremonial messenger was
repeatedly sent out to find some
plant that could be used for
smoking the shrine. This plant
was the second one brought and
was rejected by the priests be-
cause the smoke from it was too
strong to inhale.
zha’-ke, jack (playing card).
zha’‘-pshe, to stab.
zha’-a-pshe, I stabbed him.
zha’-tha-pshe, you stabbed him.
zha’-o®-psha i, we stabbed him.
zha’-ta, cloven; parted, as the foot of
a deer, buffalo, or cow.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

zha’-zhe a-k’o®-he, a _ signature—
from zha-zhe, name; a-k’o®-he,
to sign—to sign name.

zha-zhe k’i, to dub.

Zha’-zhe Ki-to® Wi-gi-e—Zha’-zhe,
name; Ki-to*, taking; wi-gi-e,
prayer: prayer for name taking.

zha’-zhe wa-ho-da, nickname.

zhe-ga’, the upper part of the leg.

zhe’-ga-ga-stu-dse, disjointing the
limbs of a buffalo when butchering.

zhe-ga’ hiu-go"-tha, many legs; the
earwig.

zhe-ga’-u-gthe, the muscles and
nerves around the thigh bone;
the femoral circumflex.

zhe-ga u’-ki-tse, knee joint.

zhe-ga’-u-to"-ga, the thigh.

zhe-ga’ xthi ba-the, gangrene.

zhe-ga’ -zhi"-ga—zhe-ga, legs; zhi®-ga,
little: little legs. This name was
given by the Osage to the queen
in a deck of cards. It is said that
the picture of the queen on the
old-style cards was in full figure
with very small legs. Thus has
the name been applied.

zhe’-gtho®, to broil meat.
zhe’-a-gtho®, I broiled the meat.
zhe’-tha-gtho®, you broil the meat.
zhe’-tha-gtho® i, we broiled the meat.
zhi, not.

zhi’-do*, condensed moisture; dew.

o’-zhi-do®, the dew is on me.

a’-thi-zhi-do®, the dew is on you.

wa -zhi-do® i, the dew is on us.
zhi’-hi, reddish; pink.

zhi’-hi to®-ga, yellow-billed cuckoo.

zhi® da, it was not.

zhi®-ga’, small; little children. When
used in the ritual its meaning is
young, as reference is made to a
sapling.

zhi®-ga’ ba-ce’-i*, a suckling; a nurs-
ing child.

zhi*-ga’-e, this term is found in a
ritual, meaning little ones. (Com-
pare Zhin’-ga.)

Zhi®-ga’-ga-hi®-hi-ge, Young-chief.
Personal name. This name may
be used by permission to honor a
child.

OSAGE DICTIONARY 223

LA FLESCHE]

zhi*-ga’ o®-tha, disinherit; to cut off | Zhi5-ga’-o-xta—continued.

from all family ties and relation-
ships; to deprive one of inherit-
ance.

ni-ka-shi-ga a-ka shi®-tu zhi®-ga
thi=-kshe gi o*-tha bi o, the man
disinherited his son.

Zhi®-ga’-o-xta, Honored little one.

1. At the naming of a child,
horses and goods are given. This
is done with form and ceremony.

2. U-thu’-pshe, cradle board.
This is generally brought by a
relative. The father and mother
give horses, blankets, etc. The
sign of ts’a-zhi is made on the
cradle board so that it comes in
the middle of the child’s back.
This is a mode of expressing the
wish, by the giver, that the child
may live the full length of life;
its meaning is never die.

3. Mo*’-thi, walk. When the
child begins to walk a feast is
given.

4. No®-ta’-ba-xtho®-ge, Piercing
the ears of the child. Again a
feast is given to all the people
and horses and goods are pre-
sented.

5. Wa-to®-wa-ku-bi. This is a
feast given in honor of the child,
at which time four sacks of wa-
sho»’-ge (parched corn) and four
mortars are brought in, and when
the pounding is completed a
Wa-dse’-pa-i® is sent for, who goes
out to collect material for the
feast. He sells a horse. Rugs
are placed for the persons who
are to be given dignified positions
wa-to®-ga; these are two women
or two men. These persons must
have already gone through all the
Zhi®-ga-o-xta. The four sacks of
parched corn make the feast, but
other foods are used with it. This
corn feast is gone through once a
year for four years; this completes
the o-xta for the child.

6. Wa-dse’-pa-i", servant for
the child. When the Ni-ka’-do2-he
have come, they choose a man as

a candidate for servant. After
he has been told of the selection
and is willing, he is brought to a
feast. He is made to sit on a robe
and is told that he has been chosen
to be the Wa-dse’-pa-i2, that
whatever is left over at the feast
is for him and his children. To
this he says: ‘‘Ho-we, I am will-
ing.’’ After this he goes for his
horses, returning with two of the
best. Upon one he places a bridle
and decorates it; on the other he
places a saddle and uses it for
carrying the food. He is dressed
in fine clothes and rides the best
of his horses.’ One is chosen from
Ni-ka-do*-he to tell him he is to
go out and call to the chiefs that
he has been given four horses.
He is told to feast, after the people
are told he is coming, and make
ready for the feast. He comes to
his own home leading the horses.
A number of blankets are also
given him and they make him feel
very happy. This is the beginning
of life as an actual servant.

7. I’-e-ki-the, herald. The child
must have a herald.

8. Xo’-ka, prompter. The child
must have a prompter. At the
corn feast a dance is given and
the Xo’-ka sings for the dancers.
Men and women engage in these
dances. This is called the Da’-
gthe Wa-tsi, the captive dance.

9. Wa-tho’-kshe u-gthi", pre-
siding over the feasts. When all
the foregoing has been gone
through by the child, a great
feast is given to him by the parents,
and the child is called Wa-tho”’-
kshe u-gthi, ruler of feasts. At
this time the captive dance is
given; the parents recount the
things they have given away at
former ceremonies for the child.
At the corn festival he may be
chosen as one of the Wa-to2-ga
and share in the gifts. When
visitors come he is consulted by

224

Zhi*-ga’-o-xta—continued.
the chief as to whether they
should be received or not; if he
approves they are invited in,
feasted, and given presents. He
is now Ga’-hi-ge, or Wa-no®-bthe
gi-hi-ge. Many gifts are made.
10. Zha’-zhe a-this, new name
or title. The child is now ready
for a new name or title; during
this time many gifts are made.
This concludes the Zhi®-ga’ o-xta.
Zhi*-ga’-o-xta, favored little ones.
A title among the Osage.
zhi -ga pa-ho®-gthe, first-born child.
zhi*-ga’ shto"-ga, a tender new-born
infant.
zhi"-ga’-to%,
generate.
zhi®-ga’ a-to", I have children.
zhi®-ga’ tha-to", you have children.
zhi®-ga’ 0®-wo®-to® i, we have child-
ren.
zhi*-ga ts’e-gi-the, infanticide; the
act of producing death to an
unborn child, or the killing of an
infant.
zhi*-ga’ tsi-the-the, miscarriage.
zhi*-ga’ u-gthi*, the womb of a
woman.
zhi*-ga’ u-kia’ wa-to"®-to", descend-
ants.
zhi*-ga u-ts’e, a premature birth; a
miscarriage.
zhi*-ga’ u-wa-ki-ho*, grandchild; a
descendant.
zhi*-ga’ u-wa-ki-ho*", to issue; to
bring forth.
Zhi*-ga’-wa-da-i*-ga, Little-playful-
fellow. Personal name.
zhi*-ga’ xtsi thi*-kshe, the youngest.
zhi*-ga’ zhi®-ga, baby.
zhi*-ga’ zhi®-ga mo®-ko®, baby medi-
cine (castor oil).
zhi*-ga’ zhi"-ga wa-gi-gtho" bi o,
he plans for the good of his
children.
zhi*-ga’ zhi*-ga wa-thi-hi-dse, play
baby; a doll.
zhi*-ga’ zhu-i-ga o"-tha ba tho" ta
mi®-kshe i*® da, it is what the
little ones should make of me
their bodies (symbols). (From a
ritual.)

to have children; to

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

zhi” -ha o, lie down.
zhiu’-dse, red as applied to foliage.
zho’-a-be zhiu-dse, red leaf.
zhiu’-dse hi, the red oak tree (cere-
monial ritual term).
zho’-a-gthe, I am with him.
zho’-da-ka-de, bodies hot or feverish.
zho-dse’, to whistle. It greatly an-
noys an Osage or an Omaha to
hear whistling, because they say
only ghosts whistle.
a-zho’-dse, I whistle.
tha-zho’-dse, you whistle.
o»-zho-dse i, we whistle.
zho’-i-ga, their bodies
ritual term).
zho’-i-ga-the, life symbol.
zho’-gthe, to accompany; to go with
some one.
zho’-a-gthe, I accompany.
zho’-tha-gthe, you accompany.
zho’-o®-gtha i, we accompany.
zho’-mo"-gthe, the upright part of
the leg of an animal; referred to
when butchering.
zho®, to sleep.
a-zho»’, I sleep.
tha-zho™’, you sleep.
o*-zho’ i, we sleep.
zho®, a tree; wood; fuel; (2) as he lay
and moved toward. (From a
ritual.)
zho’-a-be, the leaves of trees.
zho’-a-be u-hni no" i ha, the leaves
of the tree give shade.
zho”™ a-be u-xpa-xpa the, scatter as
falling leaves.
zho™ a-dse, a tree climber, as a vine—
from zho®, a tree; a-dse, climb.
zho™ a-ga-ctu-e—zho", wood; a-ga-
gtu-e, slides: a sleigh.
zho®-a’-no"-zhi", a wooden ladder.
zho kshe, term used in speaking of a
log lying on the ground.
zho"-ba’-shpi, to whittle.
no®-ha btha-cka ke pa-shpi mi®-kshe
o, I whittled the board.
no®-ha btha-gka he ba-tha-shpi ni-
kshe 0, you whittled the board.
zho®’-pa-shpi, I whittle.
zho®’-shpa-shpi, you whittle.
zho"-bi’-cu-ge, bender of trees; a
cyclone; a hurricane.

(ceremonial

LA FLESCHE]

zho™-bo-ga—zhon, wood; _ bo-ca,
planted upright in the ground: a
fence post.

Zho”-btha-gka-wi", Flat-wood-wo-
man. Female personal name.
zho™-ca-ki-ba hi, the twisted oak

tree. Used in a ritual.
zho”-ci hi zhi*-ga, the coral berry
bush (Symphoricarpus vulgaris).
The Osage made small brooms
out of this bush.
zho"-¢i’ mi®-dse hi, yellow bowwood.
zho" go” hi, white tree, sycamore
(Platanus occidentalis). This is
also the name of a subgens of the
Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge gens; it has
no tribal significance.
zho™-da-da-ge, the mulberry tree
(Morus). When this wood is used
for fuel it makes a crackling sound.
zho"-ga’-ce, to chop wood.
zho® a’-ge, I chop wood.
zho® tha’-cge, you chop wood.
zho® o®-ga’-ca i, we chop wood.
zho” -ga-dsi", whiffletree.
zho"-ga’-dso"-he, cross poles, in a
house.
zho” -ga-ha-xpa, the top branches of
a tree.
zho”-ga-xa, the limb of a tree;
branches, boughs.
zho™’-ga-xa a - ga - stse - dse,
branches are overhanging.
zho” - ga - xe — zho", wood; ga- xe,
worker: a woodworker; carpenter.
zho” -ga-xo"—zho?", tree; ga-xo®, brok-
en (by the wind)—tree-broken: a
bridge. This word originated
from the fact that streams were
frequently crossed by using fallen
trees that had been blown down
into.the streams by the wind.
Zho”-ga-xthi, Tree-killer. Personal
name. Refers to the lightning
that strikes and kills the tree.
zho” -ge, a peculiar noise made by the
heavy blowing through the nos-
trils, by a horse, deer, antelope,
or other animals, when they are
frightened.
zho™ -gthe, a forest; a wooden post.

the

OSAGE DICTIONARY

225

zho"-gthe’-ge-hiu, striped wood; ash
(Trazinus viridis). The grain of
this wood has a striped appearance.
zho”™ -gthi-shka, horsefly.
zho™-gthi-shka ga-be, black horsefly.
zho™-gthi-shka pa gthe-ge—zho"’-
gthi-shka, horsefly; pa, head; gthe-
ge, striped: horsefly with a striped
head.
zho”-gtho"-the, a large tree; a log.
zho”-gthu-shka pa to-ho—zho’-
gthu-shka, horsefly; pa, head; to-
ho, green: green-headed horsefly.
zho”-gthu-shka to"-ga, large horse-

fly.
zho” -ha, the outer bark of a tree.
zho”™ -hi-dse—zho", wood; hi®-dse,

bowl: a wooden bowl.
zho® hiu bi a, many trees.
zho"-i'-ba-ge, crosscut saw.
zho®-i'-ba-tsiu, a woodcutter; a saw.
zho”’-i-he, to sleep.
zho® i’-mo"-thi:—zho", wood; i-mo?-
thi, walk with—walk-with-wood:
stilts.
Zho*-i’-ni-the, Clings-to-the-tree-for-
safety. Personal name.
zho"-i'-ta-xe, the top of the tree.
zho"-i'-tsi, a log house.
Zho*-i'-tsi Zhi"-ga, Little Wooden
House.
zho®-k’i™’, to go after or to carry wood.
zho®-k’i»’ a-gthi bi 0, she has come
home carrying wood.
zho"-ko™, roots of any plant or tree.
zho®-ko"™ -cka-cio"-ga, a tree having
large white roots used as medicine;
a cure for diarrhea. This is used
for horses having bowel trouble; it
results in making them mad.
zho”-ku-ge. This word is used for
the number 1,000—from zho?,
wood; ku-ge, box. It derived its
use from the fact that the Govern-
ment had a custom of paying the
Indians in silver dollars which were
packed in little wooden boxes, each
of which held one thousand dollars.
(2) This is also the word for trunk.
zho”’-ku-ge tse-ga tho-ba wa-
bthi2 mi®-kshe o, I have two
new trunks.

226

zho”™ mi®-dse, a wooden bow.

zho®-ni’—zho", wood; ni, water: wood-

water; sugar.

zho®-ni do’-ba o®-ki’-o, give me
some sugar.

zho"-ni’ a-to-be ha, I pulverized
the sugar.

(2) Candy.

zho®-ni a-ka wa-tha-cta, the candy
is sticky.

Zho*-ni’, Shawnee.
Indian tribe.

zho®-ni’, a raft of wood used for cross-
ing water.

zho®-ni’'-ca-be—zho", wood; _ ni,
water; ca-be, black: molasses.

zho” -ni-i-zhe—zho", wood (hollow);
ni, water; i-zhe, modification of the
word u-zhi, to put in; the prefix u
indicates that the wood is hollow;
hollow wood in which water is put:
a barrel.

zho™ -ni-i-zhe bthi’-to® tha, I rolled
the barrel.

zho” -ni-i-zhe stse’to" tha, you rolled
the barrel.

Zho” -no®-cu-ge, Bends-the-tree-tops.
Personal name. Refers to the
bending of the trees caused by the
weight of the eagle when it alights.

zho™ pa-ci pe-tho®-ba, tops of seven
trees. (From a ritual.)

zho™-pe-dse, a piece of wood used in
making a fire.

zho™ -sha-be the hi, dark-wood tree,
the redbud. A symbolic term
used in a ritual, in tribal war
ceremonies. In the evening to-
ward the close of the great war
ceremony, two great piles of red-
bud wood are placed near the two
houses of the warriors. At dawn
the following morning these two
piles are set on fire, and as the
flames of the fire leap upward the
warriors gather at each of the two
fires and a No” -ho®-zhi"-ga recites
a long ritual, at the close of which
he sings a song of many stanzas.
When he comes to a certain stanza
of the song he makes a motion
toward the fire with a war stan-
dard; then the warriors rush into
the flames, each struggling to seize

The name of an

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

{BULL. 109

zho®’-sha-be the hi—continued.

aburning brand. When the strug-
gle is over each warrior scrapes
from the charred wood the ‘‘mys-
terious charcoal.’’ This he crushes
into powder, which he carefully
puts into a little deerskin pouch.
When the country of the enemy is
invaded and a charge is to be made
upon the foe, each warrior blackens
his face with the mystic charcoal,
by which he expresses his deter-
mination to show no mercy to the
foe and to expect none from him.
The charcoal symbolizes the leap-
ing flames, which know no mercy.
Any warrior who neglects to put
the symbol on his face when he
joins the attack is not awarded
honors, although he might have
struck many of the enemy warriors.

zho”-sha-be hi, dark wood; the
redbud or Judas tree (Cercis
canadensis).

zho” ta-hiu’ k’o®"-ha—zho", wood;
ta-hiu, neck; k’o"-ha, put on—
wood-put-on-neck: yoke.

zho”-ta-shpe, the leaf buds of a tree.

zho®-ta-xe, a knot in wood.

zho” te e-to" hi, the time for going
to sleep; bedtime.

zho"-tha, windfall (see ga-zho"),

zho® thi’-mo" wa-tho", Fire Drill
Song. This song was used in the
manipulation of the drill, which
is composed of a stick that is
held firmly in the ground while
another is twirled rapidly against
it. This song is sung immediately
after Gathering the Wood Song.

Zho®-thi’-xo" Wa-tho®, Songs of
Gathering the Wood. In. this
group of songs reference is made
to the gatherers of wood who go
into the forest for their material,
which is a ceremonial act, and
means that four men are chosen
to collect four pieces of wood,
one from the house of each head
of the four gentes of the tribe.
In the second song the gatherers
are still in the forest and are
making a rattling sound as they
tie the bundles together; in the

LA FLESCHE]

Zho*-thi’-xo" Wa-tho"—continued.
last stanza they come and throw
down the bundle with a clattering
noise. A wi-gi-e, entitled Zho®,
follows this group of songs, which
is the ritual of symbolic Firewood.
It is explanatory of the symbolic
significance of the first four pieces
of wood gathered for the kindling
of the sacred fire, and has much
importance in connection with the
ceremony performed in the Mystic
House. (See p. 228, 39th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn.)

zho”’-tse, the trunk of a tree.

zho”™ -tsi-k’a—zho", wood; twi-k’a, de-

cayed—decayed-wood: punk;
touchwood.
zho™-tsiu-ge—zho", wood; tsiu-ge,

mussel shell: a wooden spoon.
Before the introduction of spoons
the mussel shell was used.

zho™ -tsiu-he, the ridgepole of a house
or tent.

zho’-u-gu, the heart of a tree; also
the pith of a piece of any kind of
wood.

zho” -u-dse, a stump.

zho”™-u-thi-stse-ge, a wood splitter;
a sawmill.

Zho”’-u-thi-stse-ge, Tree-splitter.
Personal name. Refers to light-
ning splitting trees.

zho” u-thu-ga-do™—zho", wood; u-
thu-ga-do", to hammer: a wedge.

zho®-u-to”"-ga, the trunk of a tree.

zho® u-wo”, the act of putting wood
on a fire.
zho” u-wa-o®, I put wood on the
fire.
zho” u-tha-o", you put wood on the
fire.
zho” u-zhu-kshe, the body of a tree.

zho” wa-xa-ga, any tree having
thorns.

zho” -we-gthe-ge—zho", wood; we,
with which to; gthe-ge, make
stripes or marks: wood with
which to make marks; a lead
pencil.

zho®’-we-gthe-ce wi-ta ¢a-be,
pencil is black.

zho»’-we-gthe-ce thi-ta zhu-dse, your
pencil is red.

my

OSAGE DICTIONARY

227

zho™ we-tsi", wooden club; a weapon.

zho” -we-zha-pshe, a sharpened pole
used as a spear.

zho-xa, a yardstick; a counting
stick used in counting songs in a
ceremony.

zho-xa we-tha-wa, sticks used in
counting the wa-xo-be songs. The
counting sticks are an important
factor in the songs.

zho-xa o"-tha bi, poles thrown
away. The Osage surprised a
war party who in their excitement
threw down the lodge poles they
were carrying and fled. A tribu-
tary of the Mi®-tsu’ sha-ge ga-xe,
known as Bear Claw, of the
Walnut Bottom. (From Father
Shoemaker’s MS.)

zho” -xa-shto"-ga, the water hemlock
(Cicuta maculata). The root of
this plant is used for smoking
bruises and swellings to reduce
inflammation.

Zho”-xa Wa-zhu, Consecrated Tally
Sticks. These sticks were cere-
monially used for keeping a correct
count when memorizing the titles
and numbers of songs in each
group.

zho-xa zha-ta, the forked pole, for
ceremonial purposes.

Zho-xe-ga u-gthi", Village in the
Dead Forest; Hickory Creek, Okla.

zho”’-xi®-ha, the inner bark of a tree.

zho’-xo-dse hi, the gray tree; the
post oak.

Zho”-xu-dse u-gthi®,
Among the White Oaks.

zho”-xtha, tree buds or blossoms.

zho” -xtho-dse, to snore.
zho®-a’-xtho-dse, I snore.
zho’ -tha-xtho-dse, you snore.

zho” -xthu-k’a, a hollow tree.

zho”-xthu-k’a u-pe—zho", wood;
xthu-k’a, hollow; u-pe, enters—
enters hollow wood: a wren.

zho” xu-dse, gray oak (Quercus bore-
alis).

zho” zhe-ga u-gthe, an artificial leg
made of wood.

zho’-tha-gthe, you are with him.

zho’-to® hi, mulberry tree (Morus),
known as Indian mulberry.

Dwellers

228

zho®-zhu’-dse-tha bi ga-xe, Tree
painted red, a branch of Big
Caney River. Some of the Osage
warriors were carrying home a
wounded warrior; here the man
died and was buried. To mark the
spot the warriors painted the trunk
of the tree red. To this day the
river is known as the Painted Tree
by the Osage.
zho®-zhu’-tse u-gthi", these who
dwell among the red trees; Cherry
Creek, Okla.
zhu, flesh or body.
zhu-a’-wa-gthe a-gthit, I sat with
them,
zhu da-ka-dse, fever.
zhu-da’-ka-dse a’-thi-shto®, the fever
has stopped.
zhu’-dse, the red (ceremonial ritual
term).
zhu’-dse, red; scarlet; vermilion.
zhu’-dse e-go", pinkish.
zhu’-dse-sha-be, dark red; crimson.
zhu’-dse-zhi®-a, smallpox. (See ga-
da-zhe.)
zhu’-dse zhi"-e, measles.
zhu’-ga ni-e, ache; pain in any part of
the body.
zhu’-i-ga a-ni-e, I have a pain.
zhu’-i-ga thi-ni-e, you have a pain.
zhu’-gtho" sha-be, the dark muscle of
beef; the hind quarter.
zhu’-ga thi-xtho” -zhe, bruised body;
lacerate.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

zhu’-gi-gthe, to be or to go with a
friend or relative.
zhu’-gthe, with him or her.
zhu’-a-gthe bthe, I went with him.
zhu’-tha-gthe stse, you went with
him.
zhu’-he, to ford or wade a stream.
zhu’-a-he ni ke, I waded the river.
zhu‘-tha-he ni ke, you forded the
river.
zhu-tha’-ha i ni ke, we forded the
river.
zhu’-i-ga, body; flesh.
zhu’ -i-ga gi-hi—zhu-i-ga, body; gi-hi,
pallor: sallow.
zhu’-i-ga gi-gthe, to inherit good
looks.
zhu’-i-ga gtho"-the—zhu-i-ga, body;
gtho-the, large: large-body;
stocky. (See wa-shko*.)
zhu’-i-ga i-ba, the swelling of various
parts of the body.
zhu-i-ga o°-thi’-bthu-bthu-xe wa-
no"-a-pe, I tremble with fear.
zhu-i-ga u-ga’-wa-wa, flabbiness of
the muscles of the body.
zhu’-ki-gthe, to go together.
zhu’-pshe, to wade, as in the water.
zhu’-a-pshe, I wade.
zhu-tha’-pshe, you wade.
zhu’-wa-gthe, to be with.
zhu-a’-wa-gthe bthe, I am with them.
zhu’-wa-tha-gthe stse, you are with
them,
zhu’-zhu-dse, splotches of red on the
body; measles.

ENGLISH—OSAGE

a (indefinite article), e’-di; wi.
a man, ni-ka wi®.
a horse, ka-wa wi".
& woman, wa-k’o wi®.
abandon (to), wa-o”-tha.
we abandoned it, 02-0’-tha.
we abandoned (divorced) each other,
o-ki’ 02-tha i.
you abandoned (divorced)
other, tha-ki’-o2-shta.
abdomen, (1) tse’-ce; (2) wa-no’-bthe
u-zhi.
abhor (to), i’-ci.
abode, as a dwelling place, u-tsi’,
u-ki’.
above (up), (1) a’-mo*-shi; up there;
(2) a’-mo®-shi a-ta.
abreast, a’-ki-thi-tse.
abreast (in rank and file), u-c¢tu’-e
no®-zhi*.
abreast (standing or walking), i’-ga-
dso®-the no®-zhi*.
the soldiers stood abreast, i’-ga-dso®-
the no®-zhi® bi a a’-ki-da a-ka.
absent, (1) wa-thi’-ga; (2) wi®’-gthi-
zhi.
one who is never absent, e-dsi’ zhi
the thi-ge.
absurd, u’-ga-xe thi*-ge.
abundant, (1) i’-she; (2) u-bu’-dse.
the plums are abundant, ko*’-dse ke
i’-she.
abuse’ (to), i’-xta.
abuse (misuse), ga-co™.

each

abyss, (1) u-k’u-be; (2) very deep
abyss, a’-ki-ho® the tse.

acacia (Mimosacae), ¢a-ku e-go®
btho:.

accept (to) an offer, u-thu’-do™-be

(which see).

I accept an offer,
bthi-shto*.

you accepted an offer, u-thu’-shto™-be
ni shto?.

we accepted an offer, o°-tho*’-gu-
do®-ba i o” thi shto*.

u-thu’-to™-be

A

accept (to), thu-ce’.
I accept, bthu’-ce.
you accept, stsiu’-ce.
we accept, o®-thu’-¢a i.
accompany (to), a’-do"-be; zho’-gthe.
accord, wa-zhi" i-ta.
account (to give an), i’-gtha-wa.
accurate, u-tho’-to™.
accurately, gi’-tsi-ca.
accuse (to), a’-gtha.
I accuse him, a’-a-gtha.
you accuse him, a’-tha-gtha.
I accuse you of stealing, wa-mo”
tho® a-wi-gtha.
you accused me of stealing, wa-mo” -
tho? o®-tha-gtha.
is accused of doing wrong,
a’-gtha-no®.
accustomed, e’-gi-pi-o*.
I am accustomed to it, e’-gi-pi-mo?.
you are accustomed to it, e’-gi-shpi-

he

zho®.,
we are accustomed to it, e’-a-wa-
pi-o® i.
ace (of playing cards), u-ko-dsi-
gthor.

ache (pain), ni’-e.
my head aches, we’-thi-xthi 0®-ni-e
ha.
your head aches, we’-thi-xthi thi-ni-e
ha.
ache (to), sore, zhu’-ga ni-e.
acorn, pi-ci.
acorn (black),
da-ka.
acorn (cups), pi-ci’ ha.
sweet acorn tree, ta-shka’ ckiu-e hi.
acquainted, u-ga’-ts’u-ga.
I am well acquainted with the

pi-ci ga-be; wa-pi’-

woman, wa-k’u thi? u-wa-ga’-
ts’u-ge ha.
acquire (to), as knowledge, thi’-u-

pa-the.
I acquired knowledge, bthi’-u-pa-the.
you acquired knowledge, ni’-u-pa-
the.
229

230

acquire (to), as knowledge—contd.
we acquired knowledge, o®-thi’-u-
pa-tha i.
acre, mo"=zho™ we-k’u-tse wi".
across, ga-dsi™.
act (to), shko®.
act quickly, thi-to’-ge-gtha.
active, ci’-ci.
Adam’s apple, do’-dse-ta-xe.
adapted, e’-gi-pi-o.
I adapted (myself), e’-gi-pi-mo?.
you adapted (yourself), e’-gi-shpi-
zho®.
we adapted
pi-o” i.
adder, a-thi’-da-ce-wa-the.
spreading adder, we’-ts’a-da-pa.
adhere, a’-tha-ha.
adhesive, we’-tha-cta.
adjacent, ba-ckiu’.
adjourn (to), (1) bano”’-tha; (2) u-ga’-
e-btha.
I made a motion to adjourn, ba’-
no®-tha a-btha-dse.
you made a motion to adjourn,
ba’-no®-tha a-shta-dse.
we made a motion to adjourn,
ba’-no®-tha o®-ga-tha-dsa i.
adjust (to), wa-pi’-o2.
I adjust, wa-pi’-a-o*.
you adjust, wa-pi’-tha-o.
we adjust, wa-pi’-o0-o0" i.
adopt (to), 0®-ki’-to™.
adorn (to), we’-ki-gthi-wi" ktsi’-xe.
adult, no*.
the man has reached adult age,
ni-ka’-shi-ga thi®-ke no™ hi-a-ho-.
advance (in advance of), pa-ho™’-gthe
the.
adversity, u’-k’o" e-go"-zhi a zho-gi-
the.
adz (an), mo”-ce we-ga-k’u.
affection, token of, u’-gi-ki.
afire (as a house) u-wi"’-gthe.
afoot (to go afoot), mo®-thi»’-the.
I go afoot, mo®-thi™ bthe.
you go afoot, mo®-thi™ ne.
afraid (to be), no”™-pe.
I am afraid, no"-a’-pe.
you are afraid, no” -tha-pe.
you are afraid of the dog, sho’-ge
to® no®-tha-pe.
after a while, sho”’-a-ka.
afternoon, mi’-a-po-ga.

(ourselves), e’-a-wa-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

again, shi; a-thu’-ha.
again and again, shi”-no".
again (second time), i-tho™-bo*.
again (to look at), shi-o"-do”™ -ba
thi* ha.
age (to), no".
aggrieve (to), in a bad sense, ga-co".
agnostic, Wa-ko™-da i-thi-gtho” a-zhi.
ago (little while), i’-tso"-ga zhi®-ga.
long ago, ka’-shi; long time ago, gu’-
dsi.
agreeing, ca-ni’-i-shto™.
ague, ah’-tsi"-ba-ni-tse.
I have the ague, zhu ba-ni-tse mo*.
you have the ague, zhu ba-ni-tse zho".
ahead (to go), i-to”-thi" ki-the.
I go ahead, i-to®’-thi" ki-the bthe.
you go ahead, i-to™-thit ki-the mo2-
thi? o.
ailment, u’-ga-she.
aim (to) with a gun, ba-hi’-dse.
aim (to) at with a gun, a’-ga-ta.
I aim at it with a gun, a’-a-ga-ta.
you aim at it with a gun, a’-tha-ga-ta.
we aim at it with a gun, o”’-ga-ga-ta i.
air, ta-dse’.
alarm (an), k’o-k’o’-bi. The expression
is used among the older people.
alarming news, u-gi’-no®-k’o*.
alcohol, pe’-dse-ni-cka (which see).
alert, wa-tu’-ge.
I am on the alert, 0"-wo"” -tu-ge.
you are on the alert, wa-thi’ -tu-ge.
mentally alert, wa-thi’-gtho" gi-gi.
algee, ni’-ha (which see).
alight from, wi’-¢i.
alight upon, a’-hiu-he.
alike (resemble), do*’-be go®-ce-go®.
The women look alike, do®-be go™-
cge-go" bi a wa-u no™-ba a-ka.
alive, ni.
all, ca-ni’; (2) btho-ga; (8) wo’-the-
the.
almost, (1) tho’-ha; (2) u-thu’-ha.
very near, pi -i®-ge.
I came very near saying so, ho™’-ni-
e-gi-pshe pi-i"-ge.
alone, u-ko»’-dse.
I went alone, u-ko™-dsi bthe ha.
you went alone, u-ko™’-dsi ne ha.
to live alone, o-ko®-dse tsi-gthe.
I live alone, o’-ko®-dse tsi-a-gthe.
you live alone, o’-ko™-dse_ tsi-tha-
gthe.

LA FLESCHE]

aloof, u-ta’-no®-dsi.
also, shki.
altercation, da-ge’-i-e.
altogether, u-i™ i-he-the; (2) wi -a’-
ha.
always, (1) i’-gi-ha; (2) sho’-sho-e.
am, bthi".
I am, (1) bthi™ im da; (2) mi-kshi’-da.
amble (to), to®-to®’-tha.
amongst, ge, (2) ge-dsi’.
ample, u-thu’-thi®-ga-zhi.
amusing, wa-hu’-da.
an, wi".
ancestor, wa-mo” -pshe-the.
and, shki.
anew, tse’-ga.
anger, u’-xthi; (2) wa’-tha-xthi.
angleworm, ta-mo?.
angry (to be), gi’-ba-kor.
I am angry, 0”-ba-ko".
you are angry, thi’-ba-ko=.
I pretended to be angry, wa’-ba-ko"
po?-ce.
angry (to be very), wa-zhi™-pi-zhi.
he is very angry, wa-zhi® pi-zhi wa-
gthir.
animal, wa-dsu’-ta.
I frightened an animal, wa-dsu’-ta
wi® bthi-hi.
you frightened an animal, wa-dsu’-ta
wi® stsi-hi.
animate (to), u’-shka-shka-tho.
I am animated, u’-shka-shka-tho®
pshi mi® kshe.
you are animated, u’-shka-shka-tho®
shi ni kshe.
we are animated, u’-shka-shka-tho®
o"-ga-hi-o®-ga to” i.
ankle, small one, hi’-ko"® u-zhi®-ga.
My ankles are small, hi’-ko® wi-ta
zhi®-ga ha.
ankle bone, hi’-ko" ta-xe.
I broke my ankle bone,
wi-ta a-no™-xo®.
you broke your ankle bone, hi’-ko"
thi-ta tha-no®-xo.
annihilate, ni’-the.
annoyance, gi’-ho® z-ahi.
annoying, u-thu’-ts’a-ge.
annually, u-mo”-i"-ka wi® hi e-no®.
ant, zha’-biu-cka.
black ant, zha’-biu-cka ¢a-be.
red ant, zha’-biu-cka zhu-dse.
yellow ant, zha’-biu-cka gi.

hi’-ko®

OSAGE DICTIONARY

231

antlers, a’-thi-ku-sha.
antelope, ta-tsu’-ge.
anthracite (coal), no"-xthe’ ¢a-gi.
any, thi-thi’-ge.
anxiety, u’-ko®-di-the.
anxious, u’-tho-dse-shi.
I am anxious, u’-tho™-dse o*-shi.
you are anxious, u’-tho®-dse thi shi.
Apache, A-pa-tsi.
apart, ki’-tha-ha.
I pushed them apart, pa’-ki-tha-ha.
you pushed them apart, shpa’-ki-
tha-ha.
we pushed them apart, 0°-ba’-ki-tha-
ha:
apiece, as one to each, wi” -tho"-tho.
apparition, u’-be-hni.
appeal (to), gi’-ka.
to appeal to God, wa-ko"’-da wa-gi-
da.
appear (to), i’-tho"-be.
the sun has appeared, mi a-ka i’-
tho®-ba bi a.
apple, she.
apple tree, she hi.
apprehension, a feeling of, ko’-i-
pshe.
approach (to) when hunting, gi-ta’-
pe.
approach a foe, gtha’-de.
I approached a foe, a-gtha’-de.
you approached a foe, tha-gtha’-de.
we approached a foe, o°-gtha’-da i.
approve (to), gi-ga-sho"; (2) i’-gi-
shto*.
I approve, i-tha’-gi-shto*.
you approve, i’-tha-gi-shto.
April, I’-wa-bi; (2) Wa-a’-bi (which
see).
arch (of foot), ¢i-u’-cki-da.
arch (of heaven), mo”-shi.
argue, da-u-i-e.
argument, i’-e wa-tha-zhu-zhi.
arid (as applied to ground), mo"-
thi’-ka ke bi-ce.
arise (to) from bed, pa’-ho:.
I arise, a-gi’-pa-ho?.
you arise, tha-gi’-shpa-ho*.
we arise, 0"-gi-pa-ho*.
arise (get up, a command), no®-zhi?’
Ou.
Arkansas City, Ni-cko™-cka To-wor.
Arkansas River, Ni Zhu-dse. (See
Ni-zhu-dse To"-ga.)

232

arm, (1) a; (2) below the elbow,
a-u-btha’-cka; (3) above the elbow,
a-hi-de’; (4) when used in cere-
monies arms are spoken of as
a’-hiu-ha.
armpit, a-u’-cki-da; (2) thu-gi’; (pl.)
do-ciu’.
arouse (to), thi-xi.
arouse one from sleep, ba-xi.
I aroused him, pa’-xi.
you aroused him, shpa’-xi.
we aroused him, 02-ba’-xi i.
arouse by shaking, thi-zho"-zhor.
I aroused him by shaking, bthi’-
zho®-zho®.
you aroused him by shaking, ni’-
zho®-zho®,
we aroused him by shaking, o*-thi’-
zho®-zho? i.
arrest (to), ho-no"-pa-ce u-gtho?;
(2) u-thi®-ge.
I arrested him, u-bthi"-ge i da.
you arrested him, u-stsi®’-ge i" da.
we arrested him, o®-gu’-thi®-ga i
da.
arrive (to), hi.
arrow, mo?.
arrowlike, mo" e’-go".
arrowhead (stone), i’®’-mo®-hi"-ci.
I found a stone arrowhead, i’®’-mo"-
hi®-ci wi" i-tha’-the ha.
arrowhead (iron), mo™-ce mo2-hi-ci.
arrowhead point, mo”™-hi®-ci i-ta-xe
tse.
arrow shaft, mo™-ca.
arrowwood, mo”’-ca hi.
arrowwood (frog), tse’-biu-k’a mo®
ta hi.
arrowwood (gray), mo”’-ca xo-ta hi.
artichoke, po"’-xe.
ash (striped wood), zho"-gthe’-ce hiu.
ashes, (1) mo*-ce ni xo-dse; (2) ni
xo-dse.
ask for, da.
I asked for it, a-da’ ha.
you asked for it, tha-da’ ha.
we asked for it, o®-da i.

baby, zhi®-ga’ zhi®-ga; pa’-ta zhi®-ga.
bachelor, shi*’-to-no"-ho®.
back (the), no”-ka.
my back itches, no*’-ka o®-tha-k’i-
tha.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

assemble (to),
wa-thi’-cki.
assortment, e’-zhi-no"-the.
you have a good assortment of
blankets, ha-xi™ te a-zhi-no®-tha
tsi a-ni ha.
asthma, ni-o” -thu-ts’a-ge.
astray (to go), ha’-tho-xtha thi®-ge.
astringent, i-u’-wa-ts’u-xe.
at, e.
ate, I, a-wa-no®-bthe.
attach (to), a’-ki-tha-cka-be.
attached, o-tha’-ha; (2) u-tha/’-ts’i".
attachment, u-tha’-ts’i.
attack (to), ko»’-tha.
to attack from the rear, da’-ce.
I attacked from the rear, da-ce a-the.
you attacked from the rear, da’-ce
tha-the.
we attacked from the rear, da’-ce
o*-tha 1.
attire, ha-u’-ki-gthi-xtha.
auger (an), we’-thi-k’u-dse.
August, Xtha-ci’-bi.
aunt (on father’s side), i-tsi’-mi.
author, mo” -gthe-tha.
automobile, e-wa’-zhi® no®-ge (which
see).
I have an automobile, e-wa’-zhi2-
no"-ge wi? a-bthi" ha.
you have an automobile, e-wa’-zhi2-
no®-ge wi® a-ni ha.
avoid (to), gi’-ha-ce.
I avoided him, ni’-ka-shi-ga thi" e-ha-
ce ha.
you avoided him, ni’-ka-shi-ga thi
the-ha-ce ha.
awake (to be), i’-ki-the.
I am awake, i-tha’-ki-the.
you are awake, i’-tha-ki-the.
away, wi®-gthi-zhi; (2) at a distance,
ga-xa’-ta; (3) far, ku’-zhi.
awl, wa-hiu’-k’e; (2) wa’-ba-xtho-ge.
(From a ritual.)
ax, mo” -hi™-cpe.
ax handle, mo”’-hi®-¢pe i-ba.
I broke the ax handle, mo*’-hi"-¢pe
i-ba bthi’-xo".

as for meeting,

back—continued.
your back itches, no®’-ka thi-tha-k’i-
tha.
back between the_ shoulders,
a’-ba-ku.

LA FLESCHE]

back of the head, da’-dse.
I hurt the back of my head, da’-dse
tho® ni-e a-ki-pa-xe ha.
back of a saddle, no™-ka-gtho® ni-des.
backache, no®’-xa-hi ni-e.
backbone, no” -xa-hi.
backward, xa‘-tha; (2) a’-ba-gtha.
f walk backward, xa’-tha mo2-
bthi*.
you walk backward, xa’-tha mo®-
stsi®.
looking backward, xa’-tha wa-do®-be.
I look backward, xa’-tha wa-to®-be.
you look backward, xa’-tha wa-shto®-
be.
to push one backward, ba-mo”’-tha
i-the-the.
baby board, head of, i®-dse’-a-thi-co®.
bad, pi’-zhi.
bad luck. (See misfortune.)
badger (a), xo’-ga.
baffle (to), mo®-xe’-the.
I baffied, mo®-xe-a’-the.
you baffled, mo®-xe’-tha-the.
bag (a), u’-zhu-ha; (2) o’-zho-ha.
bald, u-sda’.
ball, ta-be’ (which see).
banana, to’-zho®-ga. (See hit-dse.)
bandage (to), as a leg, a’-thu-c¢ta.
bandage one’s own leg, a’-gthu-¢ta.
I bandaged my own leg, a’-a-gthu-
gta.
you bandaged your own leg, a’-tha-
gthu-cta.
we bandaged our own legs, o®-ga-
gthu-¢cta i.
bank (place to put money), mo”’-¢e-
cka tsi.
banker, mo”-ce-cka tsi a-thi? (which
see).
I will see my banker, mo”’-ge-¢ka tsi
a-thi® to® a-gi-to®-be bthe ta mi*-
ke ha.
banner (a), ha-¢ka’ wa-xthe-xthe.
Baptisia (an herb of the bean

family), ke-u’-gthi hi (Fabaceae).
bare (without grass), ba-xu’-shda.
bare (by treading down), u-sda’.
bare (by picking), thi-sda’.

bare (to make) by burning, da™-cu-da. |.

I burnt the grass, da’-gu-da a-the.

you burnt the grass, da’-cu-da tha-
the.

we burnt the grass, da’-cu-da o®-thai.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

233

barefoot, ci-thu’-ka-thi*.
I am barefoot, ¢i-thu’-ka-bthi2.
you are barefoot, gi-thu’-ka-ni.
we are barefoot, ci-thu’-ka-o®-thi i.
barely, u’-xo-be xtsi.
We barely escaped with our lives,
u’-xo-be xtsi o®-ni bi a.
bark of a dog, u’-hu-hu.
bark of a tree, ha.
outer bark, zho”’-ha.
inner bark, hi®’-dse.
barn, ka’-wa-tsi.

I put the horse in the barn, ka’-wa-
tsi u-wa-gtho® ha ka’-wa to.
barrel (a), zho®’-ni-i-zhe (which see).

I rolled the barrel, zho*’-ni-i-zhe
bthi’-to® tha.
you rolled the barrel, zho*’-ni-i-zhe
stsi-to®-tha.
barren, we’-da-tha zhi.
barter (to), i-ki-ka-wi® the.
I bartered, i’-ki-ka-wi" a-the.
you bartered, i’-ki-ka-wi" tha-the.
we bartered, i’-ki-ka-wi" o0®-tha i.
Bartlesville, Kans., U-cu’-i-ha zhi®-
ga; (2) Ka’-wa zhi®-ga.
base (vile), i’-ci-wa-the.
base of hill, u-tse’-xta.
bashful, wa’-ba-gtha; (2) a’-ba-gtha.
I feel bashful before my aunt,
wi -ti-mi a-a-gi-pa-gtha.
I am bashful, a’-pa-gtha.
you are bashful, a’-shpa-gtha.
we are bashful, 0®’-ga-ba-gtha i.
bass (fish), ho-i’-ha to*-ga.
bass (black), ho-ko®’-ha sha-be.
bat (a), tse-btha’-xe.
bathe (to), hi-tha’.
I bathe, a-hi’-btha-bthe.
you bathe, tha-hi’-na ne.
we bathe, o0®-hi’-tha-o®-ga-tha i.
battle (to), da-ge’.
battle-ax, we’-tsi®;
zhi®-ga.
bayonet (a), we’-zha-pshe (which see) .
be (with a friend), zhu’-gi-gthe.
be (with them), zhu’-wa-gthe.
beads, wa-pshu’-shka; (2) hi®-cka.
beads (small), hi-cka’.
bean picker, ho®-bthi*®’-ba-hi.
bean seed, ho®-bthi*-¢cu.
bean vine, ho®-bthi® hiu.
beans, ho®-bthi’-ge.

(2) mo*’-hi®-¢gpe

234

beans, black, ho®-bthi® ¢a-be.

I like beans cooked with pork, ku’-ku-
gi ta ho®-bthi*’-ge u-thu-ki-ho® o0»-
cu shna a-tha.

bear (black), wa-ca’-be (which see).

bear cub, wa-ca’-be pa-da; (2) wa-¢ca’-
be zhi»-’a.

bear (white), wa-ca’-be ¢ka.

bear (grizzly), mi’-tsu.

Bear Creek, Okla., Wa-ca’-be u-tsi
(which see).

beard (a), i®’-hi*.

beat (to), u-tsi.

I beat you in a race, wi-gi’-o®-btha.

beat metal, ga-cta’.

I hammered the silver, mo”’-ce ¢ka
tse ’a-cta‘ha.

you hammered the gold, mo*-gce gi
te tha-cta‘ha.

we beat the metal, mo*’-ce te o®-ga-
¢ta i.

beautiful, tha’-gthi* xtsi.

beaver (a), zha’-be (which see).

beaver (male), zha’-be do-ga.

Beaver Creek, Okla., Ni-cko*’-cka
ga-xe; (2) Tse-no*’-ca Kshi-xa-bi
ga-xa.

because, a’-do"; (2) do®.

bed (a), a’-zho>.

bed (an iron), a’-zho" mo®-ce.

bedding, u-mi’-zhe.

bedtime, zho”™ te e-ton hi.

bee, ki-gtho®’-xe u-mo?.

beef (broiled), ta’ u-ga-tsi.

beetle (tumbling), i*-gthu’ ba-to»-
tha.

beets, do’-gthe zhu-e.

beg (to), da.

I beg, a-da’.
you beg, tha-da’.
we beg, o®-da i.

beggar (a), wa-da’-shto®.

beginning, pa-ho-gthe tse.

begone (a command), mo®-thi»’o u.

beguile (to), mo®-xe’-the.

I beguile, mo®-xe’-a-the.
you beguile, mo®-xe’-tha-the.
behavior (good), o’-tho-to®.

behead (to), pa’-thi-ba-xe.

behind (in the rear), da’-ce-ta-ha.

I sat in the rear, da’-ce-ta-ha a-gthi®
ha.

you sat in the rear, da’-ce-ta-ha tha-
gthi® ha.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

behind (in the rear)—continued.
we sat behind, da’-ce-ta-ha o02-
gthi® i.
belch (to), to’-ckiu.
I belched, a-to’-¢kiu.
you belched, tha-to’-¢kiu.
belief, wit’-ke a-zhi™. ~
I believe, e’-zha-mi i* da.
belittle (to), tha-tho”’ a-zhi.
I belittled him, btha’-tho® mo2-zhi.
you belittled him, shta’-tho® a-zhi.
we belittled him, o*-tha’-tho® ba-
zhi i.
bell (a), i’-ga-ta-mo*.
you ring the bell, stsi‘-ka-mo®.
below, u-dse’-ta.
belly, tse’-ce.
bellyband, tse’-ce hi*-tha-dse.
belt, i’-pi-tha.
bench (a), a’-gthi stse dse.
bend (a), u-ba’-sho®.
bend (in a road), a’-thi-gi-xe.
bend (of a river), ba’-sho®.
bend (of a stream), u-ga’-xthi.
bend (to), ba-ts’i’ sha.
I bent it, pa-ts’i" sha.
you bent it, shpa-ts’i® sha.
bend a knife blade when cutting,
pa’-be’¢i.
bend (to) one’s head by pulling
hair, thi-pa-mo®-ki-dse.
beneficent, u’-shko® tha-gthi®.
bent (downward), a’-ba-dsu-ge.
best, ba-hi’.
bet (a), u’-zhu-k’o®.
bet (to), k’o".
I bet, a-k’o»’.
you bet, tha-k’o’.
we bet, 02-k’o0 i.
better (as to health), u-tha’-shta-ge.
betrayed, mo"-xe’-the.
I betrayed him, mo®-xe-a’-the.
you betrayed him, mo®-xe’-tha-the.
between (lying), u-ta’-no"-tse.
bewilder, gi-no”’-thi® ga-xe.
I bewildered him, gi-no-thi® pa-xe
ha, ni’-ka-shi-ga.
you bewildered him, gi-no*’-thi®

shka-xe ha.
we bewildered him, gi-no*’-thi® o®-
ga-xa i,
bewildered, o’-k’o" wa-no®-tha-zhi;

(2) wa-no®-tha-zhi; (3)
wa-no”-tha-zhi.

u‘-k’o2

LA FLESCHE]

beyond, a’-ta; (2) i’-ta-ta.
beyond (to go), a’-ki-ho2.
I went beyond, a’-ki-ho*-bthe ha.
you went beyond, a’-ki-ho® stse ha.
bicycle (a), tse-the’ a-gthi*.
‘big, gtho’-the; (2) to®’-ga.
Big Elk Creek, Okla., I*’-be-zha-ta
Ku-da-bi ga-xa.
Big Lake, Okla., Dse Thi®-kshi (which
see).
bile, shi’-be-xthi.
bill (of a bird), pa-zhu’-zhe.
bind (to) a leg, a’-thu-cta.
I bind a leg, zhe-ga a’-bthu-cta.
you bind a leg, zhe-ga a-ni’-cta.
binder (a), wa-bo’-¢ka ko®-to®.
birch tree, ta-no™-k’a hi.
Birch Creek, Okla., JTa-no*’-k’a-hiu-
gthe ga-xa.
bird (of any kind), wa-zhi*’-ga.
bird (red), wa-zhi®’-ga zhu-dse.
bird tracks (made by their feet),
wa-zhi®-ga gi-gthe.
birth, mo*’-pshe.
birth of a child, we’-da-the.
I gave birth to a child, we’-da-a-the.
you gave birth to a child, we’-da-tha-
the.
biscuit, wa-dsiu’-e da-pa; (2) wa-bo’
cke da-pa.
bison, tse (which see).
bit (a tool), we’-u-thi-k’u-dse.
bit (a small coin), ga-shpe’ tho»-ba.
give me two bits, ga-shpe’ tho®-ba
wi" o02-k’i o.
bite (to), tha-xta’-ge.
bite off a piece, tha-pshe’.
I bit off a piece, he-be btha’-shpe.
you bit off a piece, he-be shda’-shpe.
we bit off a piece, he-be o*-tha-shpa
i.
bite something hard, tha’-sho*.
I bit something hard, btha’-sho?.
you bit something hard, shda’-sho?.
we bit something hard, o®-tha-sho? i.
biter (a), wa-tha’-xta-ge.
bitter (to the taste), i-u’-wa-pa; (2)
pa.
bittern, shi-no*’-dse.
bitterweed, mo®-hi®-pa.
black, ¢a’-be.
blackberries, wa-cki’-the ¢ga-be.
blackberry, pe‘-cto-cta.

67025—32—— 16

OSAGE DICTIONARY

235

blackberry bush, wa-xa’-ga-hiu-stsu-

tse.

blackberry bush (low), wa-xa‘-ga-
xtsi-hiu.

blackberry bush (high), wa-ckiu’-e
hi ste-e.

blackbird, wa-zhi’-ga ¢a-be.
blackbird (red winged), xo’- ta a-hiu

zhu-dse.

blackbird (white winged), xo’-ta a-
hiu ¢ka.

blackbird (yellow headed), xo’-ta

pa-ci (which see).
blackbird (yellow winged), xo’-ta a-
hiu gi-hi.
Blackfeet Indian Tribe, Ci’-ca-be.
black haws, bu; (2) bo.
black loon, tu’-ce-¢a-be.
blacksmith, mo’-ce ga-xe.

I must take my horse to the black-
smith, mo»’-ce ga-xe to" dsi ka-wa
to® a-gtha-bthi bthe ta mi®-kshe.

bladder, tse’-zhe-ni-u-zhe.
bladder (of an animal), tse-dse’-xe.
blame (to), e’-wo® a-ka.

I was to blame, wi-e’-wa-mo?®.

you were to blame, thi-e’-wa-zho".

we are to blame, o®-gu’ 0"-wa i.

blameless, (1) wa-ci’-hi; (2) u-i-gtha-
no® thi®-ge; (3) i-gtha-no®-thi*-ge.
blanket (a), mi; (2) ha-xi" (which
see).
blaze (a), pe’-dse da-stsu-dse; (2) po-e.
blazing star, ha’-ba-ko" ¢e-ci-da
(which see).
bleeding, wa-bi®.
I am bleeding, 0®-wo”’-bi*.
you are bleeding, wa-thi’-bi®.
bleeding cup, tse-he-we-ga-xu.
blemish (a), u-ca-ka.
blind, i2-shta’xi-dse.
blindness (by snow), i®-shta’ u-xta-da.
blister (from use of tools), ga-da’-zhe.

I blistered my hand with a tool,
a’-da-zhe.

you blistered your hand by a tool,
tha’-da-zhe.

we blistered our hands by tools,
o®-ga‘-da-zha i.

blister hands by hard work, ba-da’-
zhe.

I blistered my hands, sha’-ge pa-da-
zhe.

236

blister hands by hard work—contd.
you blistered your hands, sha’-ge
shpa-da-zhe.
we blistered our
o®-ga‘-ba-zha i.
blister for curative purposes, a’-da-
athi®.
blizzard (a), ba’-ga-sho-dse.
blocking (a narrow passage), a’-ki-
pa-ts’u.
blood, wa-bi»’.
blood vessel, ko.
a throbbing blood vessel, ko®-bo’-
ci-gi.
blossom, xtha.
blow (to) with the breath, bi-xo2.’
I blew with my breath, pi’-xo*.
you blew with your breath, shpi-xo™’.
we blew with our breath, o®-bi‘-xo" i.
blown (to be) by the wind, ga-hi’-
tha.
I was blown by the wind, o*-a-hi-tha.
you were blown by the wind, thi-a’-
hi-tha.
we were blown by the wind, wa-hi’-
tha i.
blow (when striking), a’-kshi®-dse.
blow (turned aside), ga’-kshi®-dse.
I struck a blow that glanced away,
a’-kshi®-dse.
you struck a blow that glanced
away, tha’-kshi2-dse.
we struck a blow that glanced away,
o®-ga’-kshi®-dsa i.
blowing of dust on a person, a’-ga-
hi-tha.
blowing a wind instrument, bi-hu’-
to2.
I blow (a flute), pi’-hu-to2.
you blow (a flute), shpi’-hu-to™.
we blow (a flute), o®-bi’-hu-to” i.
blown off by the wind, ga-i’-a-xa.
the blanket was blown off the baby,
ha-xi” tha tho" ga-i-a-xa i ha,
zhi®-ga zhi®-ga ke.
blown over, ga-a’-ki-gtha-sho*.
the wagon was blown over, u-thi’-
to®-tha ke ga-a-ki-gtha-sho*.
blow whistle, bi-xo™ i-the-the (which
see).
blue (color), to’-ca-be.
blue cast, nearly blue, tu’-go®-tha.
bluebird, to’-ho-ho.
bluegrass, pe-cka zhu-dse.

hands, sha’-ge

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109
blue gray, to-ho-xo-dse.
blue jay, ki-ta’-ni-ga.
blue racer, we'-ts’a-to-ho zhi®-ga

(which see).
blunt (to) by burning, da’-shi-zhe.
board (a), no®-ha.
The board is thin,
bthe’-ka.
boast (to), ki-hi®’-xa.
I boast, a-ki’-hi2-xa.
you boast, tha-ki’-hi®-xa.
we boast, o®-ki’-hi2-xa i.
boat (a), ba-dse’.
boat (of skin), ba-dse’ ha.
bobcat (kitten), i®-gtho" pa-ta.
bobwhite, sho™-pa-gthe-ce; (2) sho»’-
pa-thu-ce.
body, zhu’-i-ga.
body of a river, ni-u-ca’-gi.
boggy, ga-da’-dse.
boil (to), a’-bi-xe.
boil (food), u’-ho” a-bi-xe.
I boil food, u’-ho® a-pi-xe.
you boil food, u’-ho® a-shpi-xe.
we boil food, 0*-bi’-xa i.
boil (a), the’-¢ka-gthe.
boisterous, wa’ ¢pa-zhi.
bond (a), wa-we’-no®-xe-to" (which see).
bones, wa-hi’.
book, wa-gthe’-ce.
boots, ho®-be’ stse-e.
bore (to), as a hole, u-thi’-k’u-dse.
I bore (a hole), u-bthi’-k’u-dse.
you bore (a hole), u-stsi’-k’u-dse.
both, no”’-ku-wi®.
bottle (a), u’-zhi to-ho; (2) o’-zhi-to-ho
(which see).
the bottle is full, o’-zhi to-ho tse
u-gi-pi.
bottom (at the), u-dse’-ta.
boughs, zho’-ga-xa.
boundary, u-ki’-ho"-ge.
boundary lines, mo®-zho” u-ki-ho®-
ge.
bounding, ki-a’-hi tha-tha.
boundless, u-ho"-ge thi®-ge.
bow (for arrows), mi®’-dse (which see) ;
(2) mi2-tse.
bow string, mi®’-dse-ko" (which see).
bow making, mi®’-dse ga-xe.
I am skilled in bow making, mi®’dse
ga-xe pi-mo®.
bow (wooden), zho” mi®-dse.
bowed (bent low), ba-mo”’-xe.

no”’-ha kshe

LA FLESCHE]

bowed (as heads), e’-ta pa-mo*-gthe.
bowed (as with heads over people),
a’-gi-pa-mo"-gthe.
bowed head, pe-mo?-gthe.
bowl (wooden), hi®-dse-pe; (2) zho”
hi-dse.
bowwood (yellow), zho®-ci’ mi®-dse
hi.
Bow-wood Creek, Okla.,
cta ga-xa (which see).
boy, shi®’-tu zhi-ga.
boxelder, zha’-be-ta-zho°.
boxturtle, ke’-gthe-ce.
brace (to), i-tha’-ba-ts’u.
I braced the tree, xtha-be tse zho® ke
i-tha-pa-ts’u.
you braced the fence, no®’-¢a a-shpa-
ts’u ha.
brag (to), ki-hi>’-xa.
I brag, a-ki’-hi2-xa.
you brag, tha-ki’-hi"-xa.
we brag, o2-ki’-hi-xa i.
braid (to), ¢o"; (2) ga-co™’-dse.
I braid, a-co™.
you braid, tha-co™’.
we braid, 0°-¢o" i.
braided lariat, we’-thi®-co".
brain (the), ta’ we-thi-xthi.
branch (of a river), ga-xa.
the large branch of the river is
narrow, ga-xa’ gtho®-the kshe
zhi"-ga u-bi’ tho®-dse.
branch (of a tree; at top), zho™-ga-
ha-xpa.
brand (to), as cattle, wa-da’-gthe-zhe.
I branded the horse, ka’-wa da’-gthe-
zhe a-gi the ha.
you branded the horse, ka’-wa the-
da’-gthe-zhe tha-gi the ha.
we branded the horse, ka’-wa, the da’-
gthe zhe o*-gi tha i.
brass, mo”’-ce-ci.
brave (to be), wa-sho’-she.
I am brave, 0®-wo*’-sho-she.
you are brave, wa-thi-sho’-she.
we are brave, we-wa-sho’-sha i.
bray (to), no®-ta’-to™ a ho-to®.
break (to), ba-xo™.
I broke by pushing, pa’-xo?.
you broke by pushing, shpa-xo".
we broke by pushing, 0®-ba’-xo? i.
I broke the stick, zho®’-xa ke pa-xo".
you broke the stick, zho*’-xa ke
shpa-xo*.

Mi*’-dse-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

237

break (to)—continued.
I broke the stick in two, zho-xa
ke bthi-xo?.
you broke the stick in two, zho”-xa
ke stsi-xo".
break (to), xo*.
break (to) a string, ga-ba-xe.
break (to) down, bi-xo™.
I broke it down, pi’-xo®.
you broke it down, shpi’-xo.
we broke it down, 02-bi’-xo® i.
break (to) a string in half, thi-ba’-xe.
I broke a string in two, bthi’-ba-xe.
you broke a string in two, ni’-ba-xe.
we broke a string in two, o®-thi’-
ba-xa i.
break (to) a wild horse, bi’-wa-shta-
ge.
I broke the wild horse, pi-wa-shta-
ge.
you broke the wild horse, shpi’-wa-
shta-ge.
break (to) a fence, a’-ba-ta ta-tha.
I broke the fence, a’-ba-ta a-ta-the.
you broke the fence, a’-ba-ta tha-ta-
the.
we broke the fence, a’-ba-ta 0®-ga-ta
tha i.
break (to) a shoe string, no®-ba’-xe.
I broke my shoe string, ho™-be’-ko®
a-no®-ba xe.
you broke your shoe string, ho®-be’-
ko" tha-gi-no® ba’ -xe.
break (to) off a piece, thi’-shpe.
I broke off a piece, bthi’-shpe.
you broke off a piece, ni’-shpe.
breakfast, ga-co™ i®-xtsi wa-no®-bthe.
breakneck, wa’-thu-sho?.
breast (woman’s), ba-ce; (2) mo®-ce’.
breast (turkey’s), ciu’-ka mo®-hi®-zhu.
breath (the), ni-o™.
he breathes, ni’-o" a-ka.
breechcloth, hi’-tha-xa.
breech-loading gun, wa-ho’-to®-the
u-ba-xo®.
breed (to), i’-ki-da-the.

I breed fine horses, i’-ki-da-the
wa-pa-xe.

you breed fine horses, i’-ki-da-the
wa-shka-xe.

we breed fine horses, i’-ki-da-the

0"-wo"-ga xa i.
briar (green), wa-xa’-ga tu-hu.

238

bridge (a), op’-she; (2) zho*’-ga-xo"
(which see).
bridge (of the nose), pa-xu’-xe.
bridlebit, (1) ga-dsi™ tha-pshe; (2) ga-
dsi® -op-she.
bridlerein, ga-dsi®’-op-she i-ko®-the.
bright (to make), bi-tse’-ga.
I made it bright, pi’-tse-ga.
you made it bright, shpi‘-tse-ga.
we made it bright, 0®-bi’-tse-ga.
brighten (by rubbing), thi-ci’-hi.
I brightened it, pi’-ci-hi.
you brightened it, shpi‘-ci-hi.
we brightened it, 02-bi’-ci-hi i.
bring (to) from home, a’-thi®-gthi.
I bring (something) from home,
a-bthi® a-gthi.
you bring (something) from home,
a-ni’ tha-gthi. o
we brought (something) from home,
o®-ga‘-thi® 02-ga-gthi i.
bristling, xa’-ga.
bristle (to), as a cat’s tail, thi-bo’-xa.
broad, btha’-tha; (2) gtho®-the.
broadcloth, ha’-shda-ha.
broil (to), zhe’-gtho.
I broil (meat), zhe-a-gtho2.
you broil (meat), zhe’-tha-gtho.
we broil (meat), zhe’-o®-gtho® i.
broiler (for meat), we’-zhiu.
broken, gi-sho”’-tha.
broken (in pieces), xo’-xo.
broom, we’-ga-dsu-xe (which see).
broom (small), we’-ga-dsu-xe zhi®-ga.
the little broom is worn, we’-ga-dsu-
xe zhi"-ga ke a-gi-pa thi®-ge he.
broth, ta-ni’.
brother (older), wi-zhi*’-the.
brother (oldest), i-zhi»’-the.
brother-in-law (a man’s), i-ta’-ho*.
brother-in-law (a woman’s), i-shi’-
k’e.
brushwood, ¢a-zhi*’-ga.
buck (a), ta-to™-ga zhi®-ga.
Buck Creek, Okla., Ni-ckiu’-e ga-xa;
(2) Ta-to’-ga ga-xa.
buckeye (a), ta-shka’-hi.
bucking (as a horses), bu’-ta-ta.
buffalo bull, wa-dsu-ta to®-ga.
buffalo cow, tse.
buffalo fish, hu-btha’-cka to®-ga.
buffalo hair, tse-hi".
buffalo hide, tse-do’-ga xi" ha.
buffalo (white), tse’-cka.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

bug (of any kind), wa-gthu’-shka.
buggy (a), (1) u-thi’-to™-tha;
u-thi’-to"-tha tsi-u-tha-ha.
build (to) a fire, a’-dse-the.
I built a fire, a’-a-dse-the.
you built a fire, a’-tha-dse-the.
we built a fire, o°-ga’-dse-tha i.
bull (a), tse’-cka do-ga.
bullet (a), mo™’-ce-mo?.
bullfrog tse’-biu-k’a to"-ga.
bumblebee, ni’-dse-¢i to®-ga.
bunch, ba’-tse.
bundles, wa-ba’-xte.
burden (a), wa-hi’ 0®-k’i".
bureau, u-thu’-stsu-e.
burn (to), da’-xthi".
burn in two, da’-ba-xe.
I caused it to burn in two, da’-ba-xe
a-the.
you caused it to burn in two, da’-ba-
xe tha-the.
we caused it to burn in two, da’-ba-xe
o®-tha i.
burn off the bark, da’-xthu-dse.
burn (to) away, da’-ci-ge.
I caused it to burn away, da’-ci-ge
a-the.
you caused it to burn away, da’-ci-ge
tha-the.
we caused it to burn away, da’-ci-ge
o*-tha i.
burn (yellow), da’-ci-hi.
burning of a house, tsi da thi®-ge.
my house burnt up, tsi o®-da thi®-ge.
your house burnt up, tsi thi-da
thi®-ge ha.
burning bush (Huonymus
purea), ni-ni’-ba zho®.
burnt ground, da’-cu-da.
burst (to) by falling, ga-btha’-ce.
I burst the sack, ga-btha’-ce a-the ha
u-zhi ha ke.
you burst the sack, ga-btha’-ce
tha-the ha u-zhi ha ke.
we burst the sack, ga-btha’-ce o®-tha
i u-zhi ha ke.
burst (to) from heat, da’-btha-ce.
I burst it with heat, da’-btha-ce
a-the.
you burst it with heat, da’-btha-ce
tha-the.
we burst it with heat, da’-btha-ce
o"-tha i.

(2)

atropur-

LA FLESCHE]

bury (to), xa’-bi a; wa-xe’.
I bury, a-xe’.
you bury, tha-xe’.
bury a relative, gi-xe’.
I buried a relative, u’-tha-de ki-the
wi® a’-gi-xe.

you buried a relative, u’-tha-de
ki-the wi" tha’-gi-xe.
we buried a relative, u’-tha-de

ki-the wi" o®-gi-xa i.
busy (to be), u’-wo".
I am busy, u’-0®-0"-wo" tsi.
you are busy, u’-o® u-thi tsi.
but (conj.), tho™’-zha.
I want to go but I have a sore foot,
bthe’-ko®-btha tho®-zha ci o®-ni-e.
butcher, pa’-tse.

cabbage, we’-thi-xthi-to"-ga (which
see).

cactus, tse’-wa-xa-ga to"-ga.

Caddo Indians, Hi®-sha.

cake (sweet), wa-dsiu’-e c¢kiu-the

(which see).
calamus (sweetflag),
cka.
calf (of the leg), hi-zhu’.
calf (the young of cow), tse-cka
zhi®-ga.
calico, ha-cka’.
call (to), bo.
call from a distance, gi’-bo.
call loudly, bo™-hu’-ca-gi.
I called loudly, a-hu’-ca-gi.
you called loudly, tha-hu’-ga-gi.
we called loudly, 0o®-hu’-¢a-gi i.
calling (of birds), ho’-to*.
callous (hands), sha’-ge-thi-shu-ga.
calm (after a storm), u-thu’-btha-ge.
camp (for a short time), a’-pa-ce.
Canadian River, Okla., Ni’-zhu-dse
btha-tha.
candle, a’-da-ko*-gthe.
cane (a), i’-ca-gthe.
cantaloupe, i®-shta’-xi" gca-kiu; (2)
ca-kiu i®-shta-xi" i-ta.
I like cantaloupe, i*-shta-xi" ¢a-kiu
tha-tse o®-tha-gthi.
cap (a), pe-ga-cta; o’-gtho™-ge.
captain, a’-ki-da ga-hi-ge; (2) a’-ki-da
wa-to™-ga.

pe’-zhe btha-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

239

butcher (to), pa’-dse.

I butcher, a-pa’-dse.

you butcher, tha-pa’-dse.

we butcher, 0®-pa’-dsa i.
butcher bird,,i"-cho”’-ga u-thi-ge.
butchering, wa-pa’-dse.
Butler Creek, Okla.,

ga-xe.

butter, ba-ce’-ni we-gthi.
butterfly, dsi-o” dsi-o7.
butterfly (large), dsi®-tha to™-ga.

owl butterfly, dsi-o™’-dsi-o" wa-po-ga.
buttocks, 0*’-be.
button (a), wa-hiu’ zhi®-ga.
buy (to), thi-wi™.

I buy, bthi’-wi.

you buy, ni’-win.

we buy, 0®-thi’-wi? i.

U-cu’-gtho®

cape (the wearing of), a’-ga-ha-mi.
I wear a cape, a’-ga-ha mi u-pa-ho*.
you wear a cape, a’-ga-ha-mi u-shpa-
hoz.
we wear capes, a’-ga-ha-mi o®-gu-
ba-hot i.
captive (a), da’-gthe (which see).
carbuncle (a), the’-cka-gthe.
cards (playing), ta-no”-ka-k’o2.
care for (to), as to tend, a’-ki-hi-de.
I cared for him, a’-a-ki-hi-de.
you cared for him, a’-tha-ki-hi-de.
we cared for it, 0®’-ga-ki-hi da i.
carpenter, zho®-ga-xe (which see).
carpet, u-mi’-zhe.
I must have a new carpet, u-mi’-zhe
tse-ga wi? ko-btha.
carriage (a), u-thi’-to®-tha.
carry (to), k’i.
I carry, a-k’i*’, or a-wa-k’i*.
You carry, tha-k’i", or wa-tha’-ki».
carry (to) with you, a’-shni; ha-gtha’-
thi.
carry (to) for another, gi-k’i*.
I carried his child, gi-k’i" a-tha i-ha,
zhi®-ga zhi®-ga thi-ke.
carrying, wa-k’i?.
cartridge (a), ta-pa wa-gthu-shka
e-go".
castor oil, we’-gthi-mo®-ko".
cat, i>’-gtho™-ga.
cat (wild), i*-gtho*-gthe-zhe wa-tse-
xe.

240

catch (to), u-thi®-ge.

I catch, u-bthi’-ge.

you catch, u-ni’-ge.

we catch, o®-gu’-thi®-ga i.

caterpillar, wa-gthu’-shka hi®-shku-be
(which see).

catfish, to’-ce; tu’-ce.

cattail (water plant),
stse-e; (2) wa-ke’-the.

cattle (domesticated), tse’-cka.

cattle feed, tse-cka wa-no*-bthe, or
wa-da’-gthe wa-no®-bthe.

cattle ranch, tse’-cka u-mo®-thi®.

cause (to do a thing), kshi the.

did you cause him to go home?P gthe’
tha kshi-the a.

yes, I caused him to go home, ho-we-
gthe a-kshi theo.

cause to wear a necklace, no”-p’i®
kshi the.

I caused the woman to wear a
necklace, wa-k’u wa-no"-p’i" to?
a-ki-the ha.

cautious (be) (as spoken by older
persons), ¢a-ba’-bo.
cautious (to be), ¢a-be’.

I am cautious, a-ca-be’ ha.

you are cautious, tha-ca-be’ ha.

we are cautious, 0°-¢a’-ba i.

cave (a), mo®-sho” -dse.

cavity (a) (roof of the mouth), iu’-
thu-ga.

Cedar Creek, Okla., Xo-dse’ hi ga-xe.

Cedar Hills, Kans., Xo -dse’ hi.

cedar tree, xo”-dse hi.

censure (to), ga-co™.

I censure, a’-¢o".

you censure, tha’-co°.

we censure, 0"=ga’-co? i.

center (the), u-tho™’-da or u-ko*’-cka.

center of waters, ni-u-ko-cka.

center of a lake, dse u-ko®-cka.

centipede (a), ki’-tha-ha-pa-hi; (2)
wa -xto”.

I am afraid of centipedes, ki’-tha-ha-
pa-hi no®-a-wa-pe ha.

cents, we-tha’-wa.

ceremony, u’-k’o2.

certificate (gold), ta-no®-k’a-ci.

chain (an iron), mo” -ce-u-ki-thu-
cha-ge.

chair (a), a’-gthi>.

chairman, a’-gthi®-gi-wa to-ga.

mi-ke’-the-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

change (in plans), thi-e’-zhi.
I made a change, bthi’-e-zhi.
you made a change, ni’-e-zhi.
we made a change, 0®-thi’-e-zhi i.
to make a change in placing, thi-ho”’ -
gi-the.
I made a change, bthi’-ho®-gi-the.
you made a change, ni-ho®-gi-the.
we made a change, o2-thi-ho-gi-
tha i.
channel (of a river), ni-u’-thu-ga; (2)
niu’-¢a-ge.
charcoal, non-xthe’.
charge (to make) on an enemy,
ko’-tha.
I charged on the enemy, a-ko®’-btha
ha.
you charged on the enemy, tha-
ko®’-shna ha.
we charged on the enemy, o-ko*’-
tha i ha.
charts, mo®-zho” wa-gthe-ce.
chase (to), thi-xe’.
I chased him, bthi’-xe.
you chased him, ni’-xe.
we chased him, o0®-thi’-xa i.
chase, as an animal, wa-thi’-xe.
cheap, thi-wi®’ u-mo"-ka.
cheap (easy to buy),
u-mo2-ka.
the dress is cheap, wa-tse tho® thi’-
wi? u-mo®-ka.
cheat (to), wa-mo” -xe-the.
I cheated him, wa-mo®-xe-a’-the.
you cheated him, wa-mo*-xe’-tha-
the.
we cheated him,
tha i.
check (for obtaining money), ta-
no™-k’a mo -ce-¢cka.
check (to), as a horse: u-thi’-do.
I checked the horse, ka’-wa u-bthi-
do?.
you checked the horse, ka’-wa u-
shni-do®.
we checked the horse, ka’-wa 02-gu-
thi-do® i.
check (to) the advance of, ba-a’-ce.
I checked his advance, pa’-a-ce.
you checked his advance, shpa’-a-ce.
we checked his advance, 02-ba’-a-
ga i.

wa-thi’-wi"

Wwa-mo?-xe-o’-

LA FLESCHE}

checkers (game of), ba-xu’-e-k’o®,
I like to play checkers, ba-xu’-e-
k’o" 0®-tha-gthi® a tho.
you like to play checkers, ba-xu’-e-
k’o" thi-tha-gthi® a tho.
we like to play checkers, ba-xu’-e-
k’o® wa-tha-gthi" bi a.
cheek, the’-xo"-de.
cheek bone, tha-no”’-ho® u-ba-zhu.
cheese, ba-ce’-ni ¢a-gi.
I like cheese, ba-ce’-ni ga-gi 0*-cu.
you like cheese, ba-ce’-ni ga-gi thi-cu.
cherry, gtho™-pa.

I picked some cherries, gtho*’-pa
du-ba bthu-e he.
Cherry Creek, Okla.,

u-gthi*,
cherry tree, gtho” pa hi.
chest (of a person), mo*’-ge.
chew (to), tha-shki’-ge; (2) tha-to*-
ho.
I chew, no®-ni’-hi btha-shki-ge.
you chew, no®-ni’-hi na-shki-ge.
we chew, no®-ni’-hi o®-tha-shki-ga i.
chickadee, pe’-sha-be zhi®-ga.
Chickasaw Tribe, Tsi’-ge-shi.
chicken (domestic fowl),
zhi®-ga.
chicken, ciu’-ka.
chicken hawk, wa-zhi® a-to®-a.
chief, ga-hi’-ge.
childbirth, we’-da-the.
childless, we’-da-tha-zhi.
children, zhi’-ga.
children (to have), zhi*-ga’-to*.
I have children, zhi"-ga’-a-to®.
you have children, zhi®-ga‘tha-to*.
we have children, zhi*-ga’-o*-wo*-
to” 1.
china cup, hi*’-dse be-shi*.
china plate, hi*’-dse btha-tha; hi*’-dse
btha-xe.
chinquapin (water), tse’-wa-the.
chipmunk, ta-hno”’-ga-gthe-¢e.
choice, tha’-gthi® xtsi.
choicest (as society), ba-hi xtsi.
choke (to) when drinking, ni’-tha-
xtho-dse.
choke (to) on anything, wa’-tse.
I choke, 0*-a’-tse.
you choke, thi-a’-tse.
I choked on some bread, wa-bu’-cka
he-be 0®-tho® ga-tse ha.

Zho’-xo-dse

ciu-ka

OSAGE DICTIONARY

241

chokecherry tree, gtho"-pa hiu (Pra-
nus virginiana).
cholera morbus, i®-gthe’ni-gthu-ce.
many people die of cholera morbus,
ni’-ka-shi-ga hiu ts’a bi a i-gthe’-
ni-gthu-¢e o* bi a.
chop (to) as wood, zho"-ga’-ce.
chop (down), ga-xi’-tha.
I chopped down a tree, xtha-be’ wi®
’a-xi’-tha ha.
you chopped down a tree, xtha-be’
wi® tha-xi’-tha ha.
we chopped down a tree, xtha-be’
Wi? 0®-ga-xi-tha i.
choose (to) sides in a game, ki-pa’-hi.
I choose two men, ni‘-ka tho®-ba
wa-pa’-hi ta mi2-ke.
you choose two women,
tho"-ba thi wa-ba-hi o.
choose (to) the good, tha-gthi®-ge no»
ba-hi.
I choose the good, tha-gthi=-ge no®
pa-hi.
you choose the good, tha-gthi=-ge
no®-shpa-hi.
we choose the good, tha-gthi2-ge
no® 02-ba-hi i.
chosen (selected), ba-hi xtsi.
church (a), wa-ko»’-da tsi (2) wi’-gi-e
tsi (which see).
I entered the church, wa-ko’-da tsi
tse u-wa-pe.
you entered the church, wa-ko»’-da
tsi tse u-tha-pe.
we entered the church, wa-ko»’-da
tsi tse o®-gu’-pa i.
we go to church on Sunday, wi-gi-e
tsi tse o®-ga-hi no® bi a, o®-ba-
wa-ko2-da-gi tse dsi.
cigarette, ta-no™-k’a zhi*-ga.
circle (a), a’-thi-gi-xe.
circle (to), as turning around and
around, u-ki’-gthi-sho®-sho?.
I turned around in a circle, u-wa’-ki-
gthi-sho*-sho®,
you turned around in a circle, u-tha’-
ki-gthi-sho®-sho®.
we turned around in a circle, 0°-gu’-
ki-gthi-sho®-sho? i.
circus (a), u’-wa-do®-be.
city (a), to®-wo2.
civil war, u-ki’-gthi-stse-ge ki-ki-zhi*.

wa-k’u

242

clasp (to) in the arms, a’-dse.
I clasp, a’-a-dse.
you clasp, a’-tha-dse.
we clasp, 0®-ga’-dsa i.
claws (of an animal), sha’-ge.
claws (of a bird), wa-zhi*-ga sha-ge.
clay, mo®-thi*’-ka; (2) mo®-i*’-ka.
clay (red), mo®-thi’-ka zhu-dse.
clay (white), mo®-thi’-ka ¢ka.
clay (yellow), mo*-thi™-ka gi.
clean, do®-he’; (2) u’-gi-hi.
clean (as to character), wa-gi-hi.
clean (to) a pipestem, ba-gu’-dse.
I cleaned my pipe with a stick, pa’-
gu-dse.
you cleaned your pipe with a stick,
shpa’-gu-dse.
we cleaned our pipes with a stick,
o®-ba‘-gu-dsa i.
cleanse (to), wa-ci-hi ga-xe.
I cleanse,wa-¢i’-hi a-ki-pa-xe.
you cleanse, wa-¢i’-hi tha-ki shka-xe.
we cleanse, wa-ci’-hi o®-ki ga-xa i.
cleanse by heat, da’-ci-ge.
I cleansed it by heat, da’-ci-ge a-the.
you cleansed it by heat, da’-ci-ge
tha-the.
we cleansed it by heat, da’-ci-ge
o®-tha i.
clear, ga-¢cpe.
the water is clear, ni-ke ga-cpe.
clear sky, mo”’-xe tha-gthi*.
clear statement (I make a), btha’-
wa-cka xtsi.
clearing (as in a forest), u-xtha-be
ga-shta’.
clearing the ground of roots prepar-
atory to planting, ba-thi»’-ge.
clergyman, wi’-gi-e ni-ka-shi-ga.
clerk (in a dry-goods store), wa-to”
u-no®-zhi®.
clicking sound, thi-k’a’-xe.
climb (to) up a tree, a’-dse (see
u-ki-gthi®-ge).
I climbed, a’-a-dse.
you climbed, a’-tha-dse.
we climbed, 0*’-ga-dsa i.
climber (a), zho” a-dse.
clock (a), mi’-u-tha-ge.
my clock is small, mi‘-u-tha-ge
wi-ta tho" zhi®-ga.
close by, a’-shka.
closer to a person (as to sit), ga-
thi*-kshe-ta-ha.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

close (to) a door, a’-thi-do.
I closed the door, tsi-zhe a-bthi’-do®.
you closed the door, tsi-zhe a-ni-do®.
we closed the door, tsi-zhe o®-ga-
thi-do® i.
close (to) a knife blade, u-thu’-¢pe.
clothes, we’-ki-gthi2-wi?.

I wash my clothes, we’-ki-gthi-wi®
a-gthi-shki.

you wash your clothes, we’-ki-gthi-
wi® tha-gthi-shki.

we wash our clothes, we’-ki-gthi-wi®
o®-gthi-shki i.

clothing, wa’-tha-ha; ha’-the.
cloudless, wa’-cu.

cloudless day, ho®’-ba wa-cu.

clouds, mo?-xpi’.

cloudy, same as clouds.

cloven, ba-zha‘-ge; (2) zha’-ta.

cloven foot, gi zha’-ta.

clubs (playing card), t’a‘-zhi.

club (stone), i®’-pe-ga-cta.

club (war), we’-a-xtha-dse.

clump of grass, ba-tse’.

coal mine, no*-xthe’ k’a bi.

coal shovel, no*-xthe’ i-thu-¢e.

coals (live), pe’-dse gi-tse.

coat (a), a’-ga-ha-mi.

cobweb (a), u-thi’-xi2-to*,

cocklebur (of the burdock family),
tse’-wa-xa-ga (Arctium lappa).

coffee, mo®-ko® ¢a-be.

I spilled the coffee, mo®-ko”™ ga-be
tse a-xto™.

you spilled the coffee,
ga-be tse tha-xto2.

coffee bean, wa-xthe’-k’o®-¢i.
coffee cup, mo®-ko™ ga-be u-tha-to2.
coffee mill, ho’-we.

coffeepot, tse’-xe-pa-hi wa-hiu’-sta.
coffin (a), o’-xe-ca-be.

coin (any kind), mo”’-ce-cka ga-gi.
cold (to be), hni’-tse.

I am cold, hni-o®-tse.

you are cold, hni-thi’-tse.

we are cold, hni-a-wa-tsa i.

cold weather, hni’-wa-tse.
cold (severely), ni’-wa-tse i-gi-ha.
cold (very), hni’-wa-tse wa-gthi*.

It is very cold in the North, hni’-
wa-tse wa-gthi® bi a, hni-wa-tse
kshe ta ha.

coleslaw, we’-thi-xthi to®-ga ba-to-be.
collar bone, the’-shka wa-hiu.

mo2-ko”

LA FLESCHF]

collector (a), wa-thu’-ce.
colt (a), ka’-wa zhi-ga.
columbine, mo”’-bi-xo® ¢a-be.
Comanche Indian, Pa’-do"-ka.
comb (a), pa-hi’-i-ga-gtha (which see).
come (to), tsi.
I have come, u’-tsi.
you have come, tha-tsi’.
we have come, 0*-ga-tsi i.
come (to) home, gthi.
I came home, a-gthi; I have come
home, a-gthi a tho.
you came home, tha-gthi; you have
come home, tha-gthi a tho.
we came home, 0®-ga-gthi i; we have
come home, o"-ga-gthi a tho.
come (to) home often, gthi-ha’-ha.
I come home often, i-gi’-ha a-gthi.
you come home often, i-gi-ha tha-

gthi.
we come home often, i-gi’-ha o-ga-
gthi i.
come (to) home running, he’-no?-
no®-ge.

come (to) this way, do’-da-gi-o.
come (to) home after something,
a-gi’-gthi.

I came home after something, a-pi’-
a-gthi.

you came home after something,
a-shki’-tha-gthi.

we came home after something,
o"-ga-gi 0°-ga-gthi i.

He has come home after something
that belongs to him, a’-gtha-ge
a-tsi a-tho.

come (a command), gi-o.
comely, u-ta’-ca.

comet, mi-ka’-k’e ¢it-dse stse-dse.
command (to), a’-ga-zhi.

I commanded him, a’-a-ga-zhi.

you commanded him, a’-tha-ga-zhi.

we commanded him, 0*’-ga-ga-zhi i.

command (a), wa’-ga-zhi.
Commander, Do-do”™ ho*-ga.
commerce, da’-do® we-thi-wi?.
committee (a), u-ba’-k’e ki-c¢to.
commotion (a), k’o’-k’o.
comparison, wa-we’ ki-gtha ¢ko"-the.
compassion, wa-tha’-k’e-the.

compel (to), a’-hu-shi-ge.

I compelled him, a’-a-hu-shi-ge.

you compelled him, a’-tha-hu-shi-ge.

we compelled him, 0®’-ga-hu-shi-ga i.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

243

compensation. (See pay.)
competent, da’-a-do"-be pi-o*.
complain (to), u’-tha-shi-ge.
I complain, u’-btha-shi-ge.
you complain, u’-shta-shi-ge.
we complain, o®-gu’-tha-shi-ga i.
complete, wa-thi’-shto®; (2) sho.
complicate (to), i’-ki-thi*.
I complicated it, bthi i’-ki-thi™ pa-xe.
you complicated it, ni i’-ki-thi shka-
xe.
we complicated it, o®-thi i’-ki-thi®
o"-ga xa i.
complimentary, hi®’-xe.
comply (to), i’-gi-shto”.
I complied, i’-tha-gi-shto*.
you complied, i-tha’-gi-shto°.
we complied, 0*-tho®-gi-shto® i.
compulsion (to force one to yield),
a’-hu-shi-ge.
I forced him to yield, a’-a-hu-shi-ge.
you forced him to yield, a’-tha-hu-
shi-ge.
we forced him to yield, o”-ga-hu-
shi-ga i.
compute (to), tha-wa’.
I compute, btha’-wa.
you compute, shta’-wa.
we compute, o®-tha’-wa i.
conceal (to), a’-no-xthe.
I concealed it, a’-a-no™-xthe ha.
you concealed it, a’-tha-no®-xthe ha.
we concealed it, o®’-ga-no®-xtha i.
conceit, u-zhu a’-ki-zhi".
coneflower, ba-shta’. (For description
of use of this flower see ba-shta’
e-go".)
confidence, xi-tha’.
I have no confidence in your ability,
wi-xi’ btha ha.
you have no confidence in my ability,
o®-tha/-xi-shta.
confluence, u-thi’-zho"-ka.
confuse (to), i’-ki-ni.
confused, u’-k’o" wa-no®-tha zhi.
I am confused, u’-k’o" a-wa-no"-tha
mo?-zhi.
you are confused, u’-k’o" wa-tha-no"-
tha zhi.
Congress (U. S.), Ki-¢cto’.
congress (an assembly), tsi’-go-a-bi
ki-cto.
Congress is now sitting, tsi’-go-a-bi
ki-cto a-ka a-hi gthi" a-ka e tho.

244

conscious, no”’-xe cka.

consecrate (to), wa-xo’-be ga-xe.
I made sacred, wa-xo’-be pa-xe.
you consecrated it, wa-xo’-be shka-xe.
we consecrated it, wa-xo’-be o-ga-

xa i.

consecutive, u-ki-a’ ’to®-to™; (2) u-
wa’-to®.

consider (to), i’-thi-gtho"; (2) a’-wa-
thi-gtho.

I consider, a’-wa-bthi-gtho*.
you consider, a’-wa-shti-gtho?.
we consider, 0®-tho™-thi-gtho® i.
constantly, shto®.
he is constantly doing it, e-go™ shto"
bi a.
constipation, i"-gthe’ u-da-¢ca-gi.
consume (to), no®’-bthe.
contact (to put two objects in),
i’-bi-¢ta.
contagious,
u-mo?-ka.
contemplate, i’-thi-gtho2.
I contemplate going, bthe i-bthi-
gtho*.
you contemplate going, stse i’-stse-
gtho..
we contemplate going,
o®-tho"-thi-gtho” i.
contempt for, i’-ci-wa-gthi2.
I have contempt for him, i-tha’-ci

wa-dsiu’-ni a-ki-o®-the

o”’-ga-the

wa gthir.

you have contempt for him, i’-tha-ci
wa-gthi*.

we have contempt for him, 0®-tho”’-
ci wa-gthi i.

contemptible, i’-ci-wa-the.
contemptuous, u’-i stse.
contend (to) in a fight, a’-ki-tha.

I contend, a’-a-ki-btha.

you contend, a’-tha-ki-na.

we contend, o”’-ga-ki-tha i.
contiguous, ba-ckiu; (2) u-ca’-ki-ba.
contrary, a’-ho-pshe.
contribute (to), da’-do" ga-the.

I contribute, da’-do" pa-the.

you contribute, da’-do™ shka-the.

we contribute, da’-do" o"-ga-tha i.
contributor (a), wa-ga’-the a-ka.
controversy (a), i-’e u-ki’ pa-zhi;

(2) da’-a-ki-ki.

controvert (to), da u-i-e.
convene (to), ki-gthi’-thi-cki.
conversation (a), u-ki’-ki-e.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

convulsions, ts’e-tsi’-gthe.
he fell in convulsions, ts’e-tsi’-gthe
to®-be ha.
cook (to), u-ho™; (2) u-ki-ho*.
I cook, u-wa’-ho.
you cook, u’-tha-ho*.
cooked for him, dsu’-dse kshi-the.
cooked (well done), dsu’-dse.
cookstove, mo”’-ce wi-u-ho".
coot, a kind of sea duck, gtho”’-ge-
shto™.
copper, mo”’-ce zhu-dse.

Bring me my copper kettle, mo*’-ce
zhu-dse the-xe tse o*-tho®-thi
gio!

copperhead (snake), we’-ts’a zhu-zhu-
dse (which see); (2) a’-thi® da’-ce
wa-tha zhi.

copse, pa -xpe.

coral-berry bush (Symphoricarpus
vulgaris), zho™’-ci hi zhi®-ga (which
see).

cord (a), we’-thi®.

cork stopper, o’-zhu to-ho u-tha-do*.

corn (on the cob), ha’-ba.

corn (dark colored), ha’-ba sha-be.

corn (white), ha’-ba cka.

corn (blue), Indian, ha’-ba to-ho.

corn (pink), ha’-ba zhi-hi.

corn (yellow transparent), ha’-ba
ci-ko™ pa-ci.

corn (red), ha-ba zhu-dse.

corncob, ha’-ba hi.

I make a fire of corncobs, ha’-ba hi
pe’-dse i-pa-xe he.

corncrib, ha’-ba tsi.

the corncrib is full, ha’-ba tsi ke
u-gi-pi ha.

corner (a), u-ga’-gu.

corner of a house, tsi’ da-ce u-ba-cu.

four cornered, ba-xu’-du-ba.

corn meal, wa-dsiu’ e-shto™-ga.

corn shelling, wa-thi’-shpi.

corn silk, wa-tha’-pshe zho®-zho.

cornstalk, ha’-ba no". Among the
Indians this refers to a fully
grown stalk.

corpse (a), ts’e kshe.

corral (a), ta-cka’ a-ba-ta.

correct, wa’-ga-cu.

corrupt (spoiled), o’-tho-to™ a-zhi.

corrupt (to), thi-ho*’-zhi.

costume, we’-ki-gthi-wi?.

cotton, ta-cka’ hi.

LA FLESCHE]

cottonwood tree, ba’-k’a hi (Populus
sargentit).
couch (a), a’-zho?.
cough (to), hu’-xpe.
I cough, hu-a’-xpe.
you cough, hu-tha’-xpe.
we cough, hu’-o®-xpa i.
council, ki-¢to’.
count (to), tha-wa.
I count, btha-wa.
you count, shta’-wa.
we count, o®-tha’-wa i.
counters, we’-tha-wa.
counting, wa’-tha-wa.
I am counting, wa-btha’-wa.
you are counting, wa-shda’-wa.
we are counting, 0®-wo®’-tha-wa i.
country, mo®-zho.
courage, wa-zhi*’-to™-ga.
courage (full of great), wa-zhi™ u-tsi.
constant courage, wa-zhi*’-ste-dse.
courageous, wa-sho’-she.
I am courageous, 0®-wo”’-sho-she.
you are courageous, wa-thi’-sho’-she.
we are courageous, we-wa-sho’-sha i.
course (a), as of a stream, u-zho”’-ge.
court (a), ki-¢to’.

court (legal), i’gtha-no® ki-¢to’
(which see).
court (to), ki-gthi’-gtho"; (2) thi-

gtho.
I court, bthi-gtho® (m. sp.).
you court, shni’-gtho*.
we court, 0®-thi’-gtho? i.
courthouse, ki-cto’ tsi.
cover (to) up, a’-ga-xa-dse.
I covered it up, a’-a-ga-xa-dse.
you covered it up, a’-tha-ga-xa-dse.
we covered it up, o®’-ga-ga-xa-dsa i.
cover (to) with dirt, using a spade,
a’-ba-k’u.
I use a spade to cover with dirt,
a’-pa-k’u.
you use a spade to cover with dirt,
a’-shpa-k’u.
we use a spade to cover with dirt,
o”-ga-ba-k’u i.
cover (to) with dirt, using the foot,
a’-no®-k’u.
I used my foot to cover with dirt,
a’-a-no®-k’u ha.
you used your foot to cover with
dirt, a’-tha-no®-k’u.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

245

cover (to) up an object, a’-ga-cpe.
I covered up the object, a’-a-ga-cpe.
you covered up the object, a’-tha-
ga-cpe.
we covered up the object, o®-ga-ga-
gpa i.
covet (to), gi’-go"-tha.
I covet, e’-ko®-btha.
you covet, the shko®-shta.
cow (a), tse’-cka mi-ga.
coward, u-ni’-zhi®.
cowardly, xtha’-xtha.
Cow Creek, Okla., U-ko"’-gthe.
coyote (a), sho’-mi-ka-gi.
crack (to), xthe’-ge.
I cracked it, a’-xthe-ge.
you cracked it, tha’-xthe-ge.
we cracked it, 0®-ga’-xthe-ga i.
crack (to) stones or pottery, ba-
xthe’-ge.
I cracked the pottery, pa’-xthe-ge.

you cracked the pottery, shpa’-
xthe-ge.

we cracked the pottery, o*-ba’-
xthe-ga i.

crack (to) glass, ga-xthe’-ge.
crack (to) nuts, ga-xi’-xe.
cracked (being), btho®-xe’.
cracker (a), wa-dsiu’-e-xu-xu-xe.
crackle (to), tsi-zhe’.
cradle board, u-thu’-pshe.
crafty (tricky), u’-wa-mo*-xe-the.
cramp (a), thi-ku’-ge.
I have a cramp, o”’-thi-ku-ge.
you have a cramp, thi’-thi-ku-ge.
we have a cramp, wa-thi’-ku-ga i.
cranberry, wa-ckiu’-the zhu-dse.
crane, long-legged and long-necked
bird, pe-to®.
crane (gray), pe’-to™ xo-dse.
crane (sandhill), pe-to™ hiu-stse dse.
crane (white), pe-to® ¢ka.
cranium, we’-thi-xthi wa-hi.
crank for turning, we-u’-thi-mo®.
crank (a person), ts’e’-ga.
crash (to), ga-po’-ki-o®-he.
I crashed it, a’-po-ki-o®-he.
you crashed it, tha’-po-ki-o*-he.
we crashed it, 0®-ga’-po-ki-o*-ha i.
crave (to), go”’-tha wa-gthi*.
I have a craving for cucumbers,
ku-ku’-ma ko2-btha wa gthi®.
you crave sugar, zho®-ni shko®-shda
wa-gthi.

246

craven, u-ni’-zhi®.

crawfish, mo”-shko® (which see).
crawl (to), mi®-dse’.

crawl (to) under a fence, ba-xthu’-

the.

I crawl under the fence, ba-xthu-
bthe.

you crawl under the fence, ba-xthu-
stse.

crawl (to) upon, a’-mi-de.
I crawled upon it, a’-a-mi-de.
you crawled upon it, a’-tha-mi-de.
we crawled upon it, 0”’-ga-mi-da i.
crazy, ts’e-ga.
creak (to), as a loose board, thi-gi’-
dse.
I made a creaking sound, bthi’-gi-dse.
you made a creaking sound, ni’-gi-
dse.
we made a creaking sound, o-thi’-
gi-dsa i.
cream, ba-ce’-ni-we-gthi.
I like cream on fruit, ba-ce’-ni
we-gthi wa-cki-the i-da-be 02-cu.
you like cream on fruit, ba-ce’-ni
we-gthi wa-cki-the i-da-be thi-cu.
crease (a), bi-xo™’.
crease (to), bi-xo™.
I creased it, pi’-xo*.
you creased it, shpi’-xo”.
we creased it, 02-bi’-xo® i.
Creation (the), Da’-do*®-ca-ni mo®-
gthe tha bi-gi (which see).
Creator, Wa-ko»’-da.
creatures, wa-dsu’-ta.
credence, wi®’-ke a-zhi®.
credit, wa-thu’-ce k’i.
creditor, wa-thu’-ce wa-k’i a-ka.
creek, ga-xa’.
Creek Indians, Mo®-shko’-ge.
creep (to), mi®-dse.
creep (to) on a log, a’-mi-de.
I crept on the log, zho® ke a’-a-
mi-de ha.
you crept on the log, zho® he a’-tha-
mi-de ha,
we crept on the log, zho® ke o*’-ga-
mi-da i.
creep (to) stealthily, gtha’-de.
cremation, wa-ts’e da-thi"-ge ga-xe
(which see).
creosote, hi-ni’-e mo®-ko® (which see).
crescent (a), mi‘-o®-ba a-thi-ge-zhe.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

crestfallen, gi-gu-zhi.
I am crestfallen, o°-gu mo®-zhi.
you are crestfallen, thi-gu a-zhi.
we are crestfallen, wa-cu ba-zhi i.
crevice, i’”’-u-stse-ge.
The flower grew in the crevice,
xtha-cka a-ka i’»’ u-stse-ge tse tsi
u-i bi a.
crib (a baby’s), a’-zho"-co®-co®-tha.
cricket (a), wa-gthu’-shka ca-be; (2)
da-da’-ce ca-be.
crime, wa-we’-gtha-no®.
criminate (to), wa-we’-gtha-no®
a-gtha.
crimson, zhu’-dse-sha-be.
cringe (to), wa-thi’-bthi-bthi-xe.
I cringe, zhu-ga o*-thi-bthi-bthi-xe.

you cringe, zhu-ga_ thi’-thi-bthi-
bthi-xe,

we cringe, zhu-ga wa-thi-bthi-bthi-
xa i.

cripple (a), wa-ki’-gthi-ts’a-ge.

criticism, u-i’-e.

criticize, u-i’-e.

croak (a), ka’-xe ho-to™.

crockery (of any kind), mo®-i*’-ka
hi®-dse.

crone (a), wa-k’o’zhi»-ga.

crony, i-ku’-tha.

crook (a), wa-mo” -xe-the-shto2.

crooked, thi’-shi-zhe; (2) shto’-zha; (3)

ba-sho®.

the stick is crooked, zho® xa ke
shto’-zha.

I made the stick crooked, bthi’-shi-
zhe.

you made the stick crooked, ni‘-thi-
shi-zhe.
we made the stick crooked, o®-thi’-
shi-zha i.
Crooked Lake, Dse’u-ga-gi-xe (which
see).
croppy (white fish), ho-¢ka’.
cross (n.), ts’a’-zhi.
cross (to) over tracks, a’-gi-thi-ta.
cross (to) a ford, ni-u’-thi-tse.
I crossed the ford, ni-u’-thi tse tse
bthi tse.
you crossed the ford, ni-u’-thi-tse tse
ni tse.
we crossed the ford, ni-u’-thi tse tse o”
thi-ta i.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE
cross (to be), u-xtho®-shto®.
I am cross, a-xtho»’-shto®.
you are cross, tha’-xtho®-shto?.
we are cross, 0®-xtho®’-shto®.
crosscut saw, zho®-i’-ba-ce.
crouch, bi-cpe’.
I crouched, bi-¢pe’ a-zho.
you crouched, bi¢cpe’ tha-zho®.
we crouched, bi-gpe’ 0®-zho" i.
croup, hu’-xpe-o°.
crow, ka’-xe.
Crow Tribe (Indians), Pe-ga ¢o®-dsi.
crowd (a), a’-mi-xe.
crowded, u-bi’-co"-dse.
crown of the head, ta-xpi’.
crucifix, ts’a-zhi.
cruel, u’-k’o" pi-zhi; (2) wa-tha-k’e-
tha-zhi.
I am cruel, wa-tha’-k’e a-tha mo-
zhi.
you are cruel, wa-tha’-k’e tha-tha zhi.
crumble, ta-tha’.
crumbs, tha-zho’-tha.
crunch (to), iu-tha’-btho*-ce.
crunched, u-tha’-btho”-xe.
crunching sound when chewing
food, tha-btho»’-btho»-¢e.
crupper, ¢i®-dse o*-he; (2) gi®’-dse
u-02-he.
crush (to) with the hands, thi-du’-
xe,
I crush with my hands, bthi’-du-xe.
you crush with your hands, ni’-du-xe.
we crush with our hands, 0®-thi‘’-du-
xa i,
crush (to) with the teeth, tha’-xtho»-
zhe.
I crush with my teeth, btha’-xtho»-
zhe.
you crush with your teeth, shta’-
xtho®-zhe.
we crush with our teeth, o®-tha’-
xtho®-zha i.
I crushed the cake, wa-dsu-e ¢ki-the
tho® ’a-xtho®-zhe.
you crushed the cake, wa-dsu-e
¢ki-the tho® stsi-xtho"-zhe.
crust on bread, a’-da-ca-gi kshe.
crustation, u’-a-da-¢a-ge.
crutch, i’-ga-gthe u-gthe.
cry (to) for something,
a-Xa-ge.
I cry for something, da-do" a’-a-xa-ge.

da-do®

DICTIONARY

247

cry (to) for something—continued.
you ery for something, da-do® a’-
tha-xa-ge.
we cry for something, da-do® 02-ga-
xa-ga i.
cry (to) from being hit, ga-xa’-ge.
I cried when hit, o*-wo" ti i-go"
a-xa ge.
you cried when hit, u-thi ti® i-go
tha-xa-ge.
we cried when hit, u-wa ti® e-go2
o°-ga-xa ga 1.
ery (to) from being kicked, no-
xa-ge.
I cried when kicked, a-no” -xa-ge.
you eried when kicked, tha-no»’-
xa-ge.
ery of birds, ho’-to2.
cuckoo (yellow-billed), zhi’-hi to2-ga.
cucumbers, ko-ko’-ma.
do you like cucumbers? ko-ko’-ma
thi-cu a(?)
yes, I like cucumbers, ha-we, ko-ko’-
ma 0®-cu.
culprit, wa-we’-gtha-no® thi®-kshe.
cultivate (to), u’-we-ga-xe tha-gthi2;
(2) we’-k’o0®; (8) i’-k’o.
I cultivate, i-tha’-k’o2.
you cultivate, i’-tha-k’o.,
we cultivate, o®-tho”-k’o? i.
cultivation, i’-k’o.
cup (drinking), ni’-i-tha-to"; tse-he
zhi»a.
cup (tin), tse’-xe-cka.
cup (small china), hi®’-dse-e zhi"-ga.
cupboard, hi®’-dse pe u-zhi.
curious, wa-we’-won-xe shto?.
curlew (the), to"-i®’ (which see).
curlew (long-billed), to®-i" pa-stse-e;
(2) ki’-ko® to®-ga,
currency, ta-no®-k’a to-ho.
current (as of water), ni-u-¢a’-gi.
currycomb, ka‘-wa-i-ga-pshe.
bring me a currycomb, ka’-wa-i-ga-
pshe wi® 0®-thi* gi o!
curse (to), i'-e-pi-zhi ga-xe; wa-gtho~’-
gtho*.
I curse, a-gtho’-gtho2.
you curse, tha-gtho”-gtho*.
we curse, 0®-gtho”-gtho® i.
curtain (a), u-ga’-ho®-ba i-gi-the.
I want new curtains, u-ga’-ho®-ba
i-gi-the tse-ga ko®-btha.

248

curved (as horns), ba-shi’-zhe.
curved inwardly, u-k’a-be.
cushion (a), i’-be-hi*.
I have a red cushion,
zhu-dse wi® a-bthi*.
you have a black cushion, i’-be-hi®
ga-be wi® a-shni.
we have a large cushion, i’-be-hi®
to®-ga wi® o®-ga-thi® i.
cuspidor (a), i’-xthi-u-tu.
custodian, da-we-gi’-do*-be.
custody (to hold in),
a-do®-be.
custom (habit), u’-k’0"; u-shok®.
custom (usage), e’-gi-o®-no®.
customarily, no®*.
cut (a), 0’-ba-xo".
cut (to) the hair, a’-ba-shda.
cut (to) the skin, a’-cu.
I cut my skin, ha-tho® a-gi’-cu.
you cut your skin, ha-tho® tha-gi’-cu.
we cut the skin, ha-tho™ o®-gi-¢u i.
cut (to) grass, a-no”’-ce.
I cut the grass, a’-a-no"-¢e.
you cut the grass, a’-tha-no®-¢e.
we cut the grass, 0®’-ga-no"-¢a i.
cut (to) meat close to the bone,
a’-pa-k’e.
cut (to) a cord with a knife, ba’-
ba-xe.
I cut a cord with a knife, ba’-a-ba-xe.
you cut a cord with a knife, ba’-tha-
ba-xe.
we cut a cord with a knife, ba’-o7-
ba-xa i.
cut (to) round like a ball, ba’-da-pa.
I cut it round, ba’-a-da-pa.
you cut it round, ba’-tha-da-pa.
we cut it round, ba‘-o®-da-pa i.
cut (to) as when butchering, ba’-
tha-¢e.
cut (to) in half, ba’-tho2-ba-ha.
cut (to) the finger, ba’-gi-xe.
I cut my finger, ba’-a-gi-xe.
you cut your finger, ba’-tha-gi-xe.
we cut our fingers, 02-ba’-gi-xa i.
cut (to) in pieces, ba’-shpa-shpa.
I cut it in pieces, pa-shpa’-shpa.
you cut it in pieces, ba’-tha-shpa-
shpa.
cut (to) a piece out, ba’-shpe.
I cut a piece out, ba’-a-shpe.
you cut a piece out, ba’-tha-shpe.
we cut a piece out, o®-ba-shpa i.

i’-be-hi®

u-thi*’-ge

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

cut (to) into strips, ba’-stse-stse-ge.
I cut into strips, ha-tho” ba’-a-stse-
stse-ge.
you cut into strips, ha-tho® ba/’-tha-
stse-stse-ge.
we cut into strips, ha-tho® o0®-ba’-
stse-stse ga i.
cut (to) across grain, ba’-xo".
I cut across the grain, pa’-xo®.
you cut across the grain, shpa’-xo®.
we cut across the grain, 0®-ba‘-xo® i.
cut (to) a long piece, ga-da’-da-pa.
cut (to) in a circle, ga-wi®.
cut (to) with a striking blow, ga-ce’.
I cut his face with a blow, i2-dse’
tho® ’a-ce gthe.
you cut his face with a blow, i®-dse
tho® tha-ce gthe.
we cut his face with a blow, i®-dse
tho® o®-gz-¢a gtha i.
cut (to) grass short, ga-shda’.
I cut the grass short, a’-shda.
you cut the grass short, tha’-shda.
we cut the grass short, o*-ga’-
shda i.
cut (to) by accident, ga-shpe.
I cut it by accident, a‘-shpe.
you cut it by accident, tha’-shpe.
we cut it by accident, 0®-ga’-shpa i.
cut (to) in single strips, ga-stse’-ge.
I cut a single strip, a-stse’-ge.
you cut a single strip, tha’-stse-ge.
we cut it in single strips, o®-ga’-stse-
gai.
cut (to) in small pieces, ga-xthe’-
xthe-ge.
I cut it in small pieces, a‘-xthe-
xthe-ge.
you cut in small pieces, tha’-xthe-
xthe-ge.
we cut in small pieces, 0®-ga’-xthe-
xthe-ga i.
cut (to) wood for another, gi’-ce.
I cut wood for him, a-gi’-ce.
you cut wood for him, tha-gi’-ce.
we cut wood for him, o®-gi’-ga i.
cut (to) with a knife, i’-ba-¢e.
I cut with a knife, i-pa-ce.
you cut with a knife, i’-shpa-¢e.
we cut with a _ knife, o*-tho’-
ba-¢a i.
cut (to) by shooting, bu-ce.
I cut it by shooting, bu’-a-ce.
you cut it by shooting, bu’-tha-ce.

LA FLESCHE]

cut (to) with scissors, thi-ce’.
I cut it with scissors, bthi’-ce.
you cut it with scissors, ni’-ce.
we cut it with scissors, 0®-thi’-ca i.
cut (to) notches in wood, ba’-k’a-
k’a-be.
I cut notches in wood, ba’-a-k’a-
k’a-be.
you cut notches in wood, ba’-tha-
k’a-k’a-be.
we cut notches in wood, o®-ba’-k’a-
k’a-ba i.
cut (to) in thin slices, ba-bthe’-ka.
I cut it in thin slices, pa’-bthe-ka.

dabster (a), wa-pi-o™.
dagger (a), mo” -hi"-pa-ci-co-be.
daily, ho”’-ba ca-ni; (2) 0*-ba i-gi-ha.
dainty, tha’-gthi" xtsi.
dale (a), u-k’u’-be zhi"-ga.
dam (a), as a beaver makes, ni’-a-
ba-ta.
damage, thi-pi’-zhi; ga-co™.
damp, do’-ka; (2) tsi®.
the grass is damp, xa’-de ke do’-ka.
damsel, shi’-mi zhi®-ga.
dance (to), wa-tsi’.
dance (to) for some one, a’-wa-tsi.
I dance for you, a-a-wa-tsi.
you dance for him, a-tha-wa-tsi.
we dance for him, 0®-ga-wa-tsi i.
dandruff, we’-thi-xthi k’i’-tha.
danger, no®-pa’-wa-the.
dangers, tse-xi.
dark (as a color), sha’-be.
dark suddenly, sha-be tsi-gthe.
daughter, i-zho”’-ge.
first daughter, mi’-na.
second daughter, wi'-he.
third daughter, q-cit’-ga.
ge.)
fourth daughter, a-ci" zhi"-ga.
daughter-in-law, i-tsi’-ni.
my daughter-in-law, wi-tsi’-ni.
dauntless, wa-sho’-she.
I am dauntless, a-wa-sho’-she; (2)
o0®-wo® sho’-she.
you are dauntless, wa-thi’-sho-she.
we are dauntless, wa-wa’-sho-sha i.
dawn, u’-ga-co®-thi*.
dawn, (beginning of day), ho*-ba
u-ga-¢o"-ho®,

(See ci-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

249

cut (to) in thin slices—continued.
you cut it in thin slices, shpa’-bthe-
ka.
cut (to) in short pieces, ga-da-da-pa.
I cut the log in short pieces, a’-da-
da-pa.
you cut the log in short pieces, tha-
da-da-pa.
we cut the log in short pieces, o"-ga-
da-da-pa i.
cutlass (a), mo”’-hi" to®-ga.
cutlet (a), ba-cno’-tha-gthi2.
cycle (a), tse-the’-a-gthi2.
cyclone, zho"-bi’-cu-ge.

D

dawn (early morning), ga-co™-i?-
xtsi.
The birds sing in the early morning,
ga-co”™ -i2-xtsi wa-zhi®-ga a-ba hu-
to® shno® bi a.
day, ho’-ba.
day (the last day), ho™’-ba-ha-she tse.
when it is day, ho™’-ba-ki.
this day, ho*’-ba the-ga.
there is a day of reckoning for every-
body, ho-ba wa-gi-tha-de wi"
e-dsi a-ka ni-ka-shi-ga ga-ni.
daylight, a’-ho™-ba; (2) ho*-ba ¢ka.
dead (as grass), xe’-ga.
deaf, no®-xu’-dse xe-ga.
I am deaf, no®-xu’-dse 0"-xe-ga.
you are deaf, no®-xu’-dse thi xe-ga.
death (from natural causes), i’-ts’e.
debenture, wa-we’-no®-xe-to".
debt (a), wa-thu’-ce.
decade (a), u-mo”-i" ka gthe-btho®
hie-no®.
decapitate (to), pa’-thi-ba-xe.
I decapitate, pa-thi-pa-xe.
you decapitate, pa-thi-shka-xe.
we decapitate, pa-thi-o®-ba-xa i.
decease (to depart from life), ts’e.
deceit, wa-mo” -xe-the.
deceive (to), mo"-xe’-the.
I deceived him, mo®-xe’ a-the.
you deceived him, mo®-xe’-tha-the.
we deceived him, mo?-xe’ 0?-tha i.
December, Wa-ca’-be we-da-tha-bi;
(2) Wa-ca’~’e we-da-tha-bi.
decency, da’-tha-gthi*.
decent, do’-he.
deception, u’-wa-mo-xe-the.

250

decide (to), make up one’s mind,
u-thu’-do-be.
I have decided, u-thu’-to"-be bthi
shto®.
you have decided, u-thu’-shto™-be
ni shto.
we have decided, 0*-tho’-gu-do"-ba
i o® thi shto.
decide (to), i’-thi-gtho® thi-shto.
I have decided to go, i’-bthi-gtho"
bthi-shto" ha bthe-ta-te.
you have decided to go, i’-ni-gtho®
ni-shto" ha shne ta-te.
decide (to) for another,
gthor.
deck (to), as to trim, we’-ki-gthi-wi"
ktsi’-xe (which see).
declaim (to), ki-¢to’-i-e.
decomposed, do-zha’-the; (2) xthi-ba-
the.
decorate (to) one’s self,
ki-the.
I decorate myself, u-ta’-ca a-ki-the.
you decorate yourself, u-ta’-ca tha-

i’-gi-thi-

u-ta’-ca

ki-the.
we decorate ourselves, u-ta’¢a o®-ki-
tha i.
decreased (in numbers), thi®-ge’
a-hi a-ka.

decree (a), da’-do" a-gi-tha-da.
decry (to), tha-tho™ a-zhi.
I deery, btha’-tho" mo*-zhi.
you decry, shta’-tho® a-zhi.
we decry, 0®-tho”-tha ba-zhi i.
deduct, do’-ba o-tha.
deed (to transfer property), u’-we-
to®-i2 ga-xe (which see).
I deed the property, u’-we-to® i
pa-xe.
you deeded the property, u’-we-to2-i"
shka-xe.
we deeded the property, u’-we-to"-i"
0®-ga-xa i.
deep (as water), shku’-be.
deepen (to), shku’-be ga-xe.
I deepen, shku’-be pa-xe.
you deepen, shku’-be shka-xe.
we deepen, shku’-be o*-ga-xa i.
deer, ta; wa’-dsu-ta zhi"-ga.
deerskin, ta-ha’,
I stretched the deerskin, ta-ha’ tho"
a-gthi-zhi*.
you stretched the deerskin, ta-ha’
tho® tha-gthi-zhi*.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

deerskin—continued.
we stretched the deerskin, ta-ha’
tho® o®-gthi-zhi" i.
defamation, tha-ho”-zhi.
defame (to), tha-be’-gi-the; (2) tha-
ho” -zhi.
I defame, btha’-be-gi-the.
you defame, shna’-be-gi-the.
we defame, o®-tha’-be-gi-tha i.
default (in paying a note),
thu’-ce u-xtha-zhi.
defaulter (a), wa-thu’-ce u-xtha-zhi
a-ka. ,
defeat (to), da’-ge.
I defeated him, a-da-ge.
you defeated him, tha’-da-ge.
we defeated him, o*-da-ga i.
defeat (to), u-hi’.
I defeated him, u-wa’-hi.
you defeated him, u-tha’-hi.
we defeated him, o®-gu’-hi i.
defective, he’-be ho®-zhi; (2) wa’-thu-
to® a-zhi.
defend (to), u-thu’-ki.
I defended him, u-thu’-wa-ki.
you defended him, u-thu’-tha-ki.
we defended him, 0®-tho®’-gu-ki i.
defendant (in a lawsuit), u-thi®-ga
bi a-ka.
defer (to), pi’-gthe.
I defer, pi-a’-gthe.
you defer, pi’-tha-gthe.
deference, a’-xo-be; a’-ki-xo-be.
defiance, a’-ki-tha tse; (2) u’-tho"
a-zhi.
defile (to), ga-co.
defilement, thi-pi‘’-zhi.
defraud (to), mo®-xe’-the.
I defrauded, mo®-xe-a’-the.
you defrauded, mo®-xe’-tha-the.
defunct, ts’e.
deify (to), tha-wa-ko-da.
I deify, btha’-wa-ko-da.
you deify, sda’-wa-ko-da.
we deify, o"-tha’-wa-ko™-da i.
deject (to be dejected), ki-xi’-tha.
I am dejected, a-ki’-xi-btha.
you are dejected, tha-ki’-xi-shta.
we are dejected, o®-ki’-xi-tha i.
Delaware Creek, Okla., Wa’-ba-ni-
ka ga-xa.
Delaware Tribe (Indians), Wa’-ba-
ni-ki.

wa-

LA FLESCHE]

delay, gi’-tse-gi-the.
I delayed, gi’-tse-gi the tse.
you delayed, gi’-tse the ga the tse.
we delayed, gi-tse-gi the to” i.
deliberate (to), a’-wa-thi-gtho..
I deliberated, wa-bthi’-gtho*.
you deliberated, wa-ni’-gtho".
we deliberated, 0®-wo*’-thi-gtho i.
delicate, tha’-gthi® xtsi.
delicacy, u’-wa-no"-bthe tha-gthi.
delicious, tha-tse’ tha-gthi*.
deliver (to), gi’-gtha-she.
I deliver, a-gi’-gtha-she.
you deliver, tha-gi’-gtha-she.
we deliver, o®-gi’-gtha-sha i.
deliver (to) a message, wa-mo”-thi".
I go to deliver a message, wa-mo?-
thi bthe.
you go to deliver a message, wa-mo”’-
thi" stse.
delivery, da’-do® a-thi® hi.
dell (a), u-ku’u’-be zhi"-ga.
delude (to), mo®-xe’-the.
I delude, mo®-xe-a’-the.
you delude, mo®-xe’-tha-the.
deluge (a), ni-do™ to®-ga.
delusion, u’-wa-mo”-xe-the.
demand (one’s own), da‘-do" i-ta
gi-da.
I demand, da’-do® a-gi-da.
you demand, da’-do® tha-gi-da.
we demand, da’-do" o*-gi-da i.
demarcation, u-ki’-ho*-ge.
the demarcation is deep, u-ki’-ho®-ge
ke wa-to®-i".
demeanor, o’-tho-to® a-ki-gtha-thi*.
demented, ts’e-ga.
demise (death), ts’e.
democracy, wo”-the-the
(which see).
demolish, thi-ta’-the.
demonstrate (to), wi®’-kshe gi-ba-ha.
I demonstrated, wi®’-kshe a-gi-ba-ha.
you demonstrated, wit’-kshe tha-gi-
ba-ha.
we demonstrated, wi2-kshe o®-gi-
ba-ha i.
demoralize, thi-ho”’-zhi.
denial (a), wa-gi’-zha.
denote (to), thi-wa’-to*-i".
I denote, i’-wa-to™-i*.
you denote, thi’-wa-to™-it.
we denote, we-wa’-to"-i? i.
dense (as a crowd), a’-ki-sho-ga.
67025—-3 2 ——l17

i-thi-gtho

OSAGE DICTIONARY

251

density, same as dense.
dent (to), ba-shku’-shku-da.
I dented it, pa-shku-shku-da.
you dented it, shpa’-shku-shku-da.
we dented it, o®-ba’-shku-shku-da i.
dentist, hi’-gi-ga-xe.
Iam going to the dentist, hi’-gi-ga-xe
a-ka dsi bthe ha.
you must go to the dentist, hi’-gi-ga-
xe a-ka dsi mo®-thi" o.
we are going to the dentist’s,
o®-ga-tha i hi-gi-ga-xe a-ka dsi.
dentition, hi’-u-i.
deny (to), wa-gi’-zha.
I deny it, a-wa’-gi-zha.
you deny it, wa-tha’-gi-zha.
we deny it, o®-wo” -gi-zha i.
depart (to), wa-hi’-o".
I departed, a-wa’-hi-o".
you departed, wa-tha’-hi-o*.
we departed, o*-wo”-hi-o? i.
depend (to) on, i-gi-no®-zhi*.
I depend on him, i-tha’-gi-no®-zhi*.
you depend on him, i’-tha-gi-no®-
zhix.
I depend on you, i’-wi-gi-no®-zhi*.
I depended on him, u-thu’-wa-no®-
zhi*.
dependable, wa’-thu-to.
deponent, wa-we’ -ba-ho®.
depopulate, mo*-zho™ thi®-kshe ni-
ka-shi-ga thi-ge ga-xe (which see).
deportment, o’-tho-to" a-ki-gtha-thi*.
depose (to), ga-hi’-o"-gi o®-tha.
depot (a), o-ba’-no®-the.
depraved, o-tho-to® a-zhi.
a depraved man, ni-ka-shi-ga wi?
o’-tho-to® a-zhi ha.
depressed (to be), \i-xi’-tha.
I am depressed, a-ki’-xi-btha.
you are depressed, tha-ki’-xi-shta.
we are depressed, o®-ki’-xi-tha i.
derision (to hold in), u-ki’-o7.
descend (to), u-ga’-hiu-dse; (2) u-ga’-
hu-dse-the.
I descend, u-ga’-hu-dse bthe.
you descend, u-ga’-hu-dse stse.
we descended, u-ga’-hiu-dse o*-ga-
tha i.
descendants, zhi®-ga u-kia’ wa-tor-
to2.
descent, downward, a’-po-ga,
descent of the sun, mi a’-po-ga.

252

desecrate (to), a’-xo-ba zhi.
I desecrated it, a’-a-xo-ba mo®-zhi.
you desecrated it, a’-tha-xo-ba a-zhi.
we desecrate it, o®’-ga-xo-ba-ba-zhi i.
desert (to), 0’-tha.
I desert, a-o”’-btha.
you desert, the-o’-shta.
we deserted, 02-0" -tha i.
desert (a), mo®-zho® be’ u-shko®-zhi.
designate (to), a’-ba-cu.
I designate, a’-pa-cu.
you designate, a’-shka-cu.
we designate, o"-ga’-ba-cu i.
desirable, go*’-tha-wa-the.
desire (a), wa-tho”’-dse-shi.
desire (to), go’-tha.
I desire, ko®’-btha.
you desire, shko®’-shda.
we desire, 0®-go™’-tha i.
desk (a), wa-gthe’-ce a-ga-xe.
despair (to), ki’-xi-tha.
I was in despair, a’-ki-xi-btha.
you despaired, tha-ki’-xi-shta.
we are in despair, 0®-ki-xi-tha i.
desperado (a), ni’-ka-shi-ga i-¢i-wa-
the.
desperation (to act in), a’-ba-tsi-zhe.
I acted in desperation, a’-pa-tsi-zhe.
you acted in desperation, a’-shpa-tsi-
zhe.
we acted in desperation, 0*’-ga-ba-
tsi-zha i.
despicable, i’-ci-wa-the.
despise (to), wa-gthi" i-ci.
I despise, wa-gthi® i-tha’-ci.
you despise, wa-gthi" i’-tha-ci.
we despise, wa-gthi® 0®-tho"’-¢i i.
despite, u’-tho® a-zhi.
despondency, gi’-cu-zhi.
dessert, wa-cki’-the tha-tse.
destination (a), mo™-zho” hi ta-bi
thi®-kshe.
destitute, wa-xpa’-thi*.
I am destitute, o®-wa’-xpa-thi®.
you are destitute, wa-thi’-xpa-thi*.
we are destitute, wa-wa’-xpa-thi® i.
destroy (to get rid of), ni’-the.
I destroyed all the birds, wa-zhi®’-ga
ga-ni ni-a-wa-the ha.
destroy (to) by tearing down, the-
ta-the.
I destroyed it, bthi’-ta-the.
you destroyed it, shni’-ta-the.
we destroyed it, o®-thi’-ta-tha i,

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[BULL, 109

destroy (to) by killing, ts’e-the.
I destroyed by killing, ts’e-a-the.
you destroyed by killing, ts’e-tha-the.
we destroyed by killing, ts’e-o®-tha i.
detain (to), tha’-zhi ga-xe.
I detained him, tha’-zhi pa-xe.
you detained him, tha’-zhi shka-xe.
we detained him, tha’-zhi o"-ga-xa i.
detect (to), u-be’-hni.
I detect, u-pe’-hni.
you detect, u-shpe’-hni.
we detect, 0®-gu’-be-hni i.
detective (a), no®-xtho™-ha u-thi®-ge.
determine (to) for one’s self, ki’-
gthi-shto.
I am determined to go, bthe’-tse
a-ki-gthi-shto*.
you are determined to go, stse’-tse
tha-ki-gthi shto®.
we are determined to go, o®-ga-the
tse o®-ki-gthi-shto” i.
determined, u-thu’-do®-be.
I am determined, u-thu’-to®-be bthi

shto®.

you are determined, u-thu’-shto"-be
ni shto*.

we are determined, o?-tho*’-gu-

do®-ba i 0” thi shto*.
detest (to), i’-ci wa-gthi; (2) wa’-
gthi i-ci.
I detest that person, ni’-ka-shi-ga
the i-tha’-ci wa-gthi*.
You detest that person, ni’-ka-shi-ga
the i’-tha-ci wa-gthi*.
We detest that person, ni’-ka’-shi-ga
the o®-tho®-¢i i-wa-gthi2.
detour, a’-be-to®. (See i’-thi-sho”-ha.)
deuce (in playing cards), pa-ci-a’-
gtho.
I have the deuce, pa-ci-a’-gtho® wi"
a-bthi*.
you play your deuce, pa-gi-a’-gtho®
wi" i-tha-ki-de te ha.
deviate (to), u-ba’-ha dsi i-e.
I deviated, u-ba’-ha dsi i-tha’-the.
you deviated, u-ba’-ha dsi i’-tha-the.
we deviated, u-ba’-ha dsi 02-tho” a i.
devotion (religious), ki-ko®’-ce.
devour (to), tha-hni’.
I devour, btha’-hni.
you devour, sda’-hni.
we devour, 0®-tha-hni i.
dew, zhi’-do*,

LA FLESCHE]

dew falling on a person, a’-zhi-do".
the dew is falling on me, 0’-zhi-do®.
the dew is falling on you, a’-thi-
zhi- do*.
the dew is falling on us, wa-zhi’-
do” i.
dewberry, sho”’-ge pa-ce-go".
dialect, i’-e-go®-¢e-go®.
dialogue, u-ki’-ki-e.
diaper, hi’-tha-xa.
diaphragm, tse-pa’-xe-no"-ta.
diarrhea, i*-gthe’ ni-gthu-¢e.
diatribe, i’-e-wa-tha-zhu-zhi.
dice throwing, wa-hi’-ga-xto".
dictate, a’-ga-zhi.
I dictate, a’-a-ga-zhi.
you dictate, a’-tha-ga-zhi.
we dictate, o*’-ga-ga-zhi i.
die (to), ts’e.
I die, a-ts’e’.
you die, tha-ts’e.
die out (as a fire), da’-zhi.
differ (to), wa-thi’-gtho" ki-tha-ha.
I differ, wa-thi’-gtho" ki-tha-ha o*-
thir.
you differ, wa-thi’-gtho" ki-tha-ha
shni i ha.
We differ, wa-thi’-gtho® ki-tha-ha
o®-thi® i.
diffident, a’-ba-gtha; (2) mo™-xi-ga.
difficulty, u’-wa-tse-xi.
diffuse, thi-u’-ga-e-btha.
I diffuse, bthi’-u-ga-e-btha.
you diffuse, ni’-u-ga-e-btha.
dig (to), k’e.
I dig, a-k’e.
you dig, tha-k’e.
I go to dig potatoes, do k’e bthe i®
do.
dig (to) a ditch, ba-k’u’.
I dig a ditch, pa’-k’u.
you dig a ditch, shpa’-k’u.
we dig a ditch, 0®-ba’-k’u i.
dig (to) from the earth, gthi’-xthu-
ge.
dignified, a-ki’-xo-be; (2) no’-xe-cka.
I am dignified, a’-a-xo-be.
you are dignified, a’-tha-xo-be.
we are dignified, o"-ga’-xo-ba i.
digress (to), u-ba’-ha dsi i-e.
I digressed, u-ba’-ha dsi i-tha’-e.
you digressed, u-ba’-ha dsi i’-tha-e.
we digressed, u-ba’-ha dsi 02-tho® i.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

253

dilate (to), u-tha’ to"-ga.
I dilated it, u-tha’-to™-ga a-the.
you dilated it, u-tha’-to"-ga tha-the.
we dilated it, u-tha’-to®-ga o®-tha i.

dilemma (a), ho-ta-tse gi-wa-tse xi.

diligence, wa-thi’-to" a-ki-hi-de.

dilute (to), wa-shta’-ge ga-xe.
I diluted the milk, ba-ge ni-tse wa-
shta’-ge pa-xe.
you diluted the milk, ba-ge ni-tse
wa-shta’-ge shka-xe.
we diluted the milk, ba-ce ni-tse
wa-shta’-ge o°-ga-xa i.

dim, xi-dse.
my eyes are dim, i®-shta’ o®-xi-dse.
your eyes are dim, i®-shta’ thi-xi-dse.

diamonds (in deck of cards), ke’-pa

(which see).

I played a diamond, ke’-pa i-tha-ki-
de.

did you have a diamond? ke’-pa wi®
o®-ni-a-zhi a-do® a.

dime (a), 10-cent piece, wa-tha’-wa

gthe-btho® (which see).

diminish (to), dsu’-ba e-go" ga-xe.

I diminished it, dsu’-ba e-go™ pa-xe.

you diminished it, dsu’-ba e-go™
shka-xe.

we diminished it, dsu’-ba_ e-go®
o-ga-xa i.

diminutive, wa-ho’-stsa.
dimple (a), the’-xo*-dse u-¢ta.
dine (to), wa-no” -bthe.
I dined, a-wa’-no®-bthe.
you dined, wa-tha’-no®-bthe.
we dined, 0*-wo” -no®-btha i.
dingdong (as a bell), ka-mo™.
dinner, mi-tho’-to" wa-no™-bthe.
I had dinner, mi-tho’-to® a-wa-no®-
bthe.
you had dinner, mi-tho’-to® wa-tha-
no®-bthe.
we had dinner, mi-tho’-to® o®-wo®
no2-btha i.
dip (to), ni’-u-bi-do*.
I dip, ni’-u-pi-do®.
you dip, ni-u’-shpi-do*.
we dip, ni 0®’-gu-bi-do® i.
diphtheria, do’-dse ni-e.
dipper (a), ni-u’-thu-ga to"; (2) ni’-i-
tha-to*.
direct (in a straight line), wa-mo”-
thi tho-to®-the.

254

dirk (a), mo™-hi®-pa-gi-go-be.
dirt (under the nails), sha’-ge u-sha-
: be.
dirty, wa-ci’-hi zhi.
disability, wa-shko™-thi*-ge.
disagree (to), ki-ki’-zhi; (2) i’-e
u-ki-pa-zhi; (3) wa-thi’-gtho® ki-
tha-ha.
I disagree, wa-thi’-gtho" ki-tha-ha
o®-thir.
you disagree, wa-thi’-gtho® ki-tha-ha
shni ha.
we disagree, wa-thi’-gtho" ki-tha-ha
o®-thi” i.
disagreeable, u’-xtho*-shto*.
disagreeable person, we’-ho™-zhi.
disallow, i’-gi-zho-shi.
I disallow, i-tha’-gi-zho-shi.
you disallow, i’-tha-gi-zho-shi.
disappear (to), thi*-ge’-tsi-gthi.
disappear from sight, tho-a’-a zhi.
It disappeared from sight, tho-a’-ba-
zhi.
disapproval, gi’-ho® a-zhi.
disapprove (to), gi’-sho-zhi.
I disapprove, o®-sho® mo®-zhi.
you disapprove, thi’-sho® a-zhi.
we disapprove, wa’‘-sho® ba-zhi i.
disarm (I disarm him), wa-pa’-hi
a-no® she o.
disarrange (to), wa-we’-thu-e.
I disarranged it, wa-we’-bthu-e.
you disarranged it, wa-we’-stsu-e.
disarrange (to scatter), u-thi’-bu-dse.
I disarranged, u’-bthi-bu-dse.
you disarranged, u-shni-bu-dse.
we disarranged ,o®-gu’-thi-bu-dsa i.
disarrange (to) articles, wa-we’-thu-e.
disband (to), u-ga’-e-btha; ba-no™-
tha.
I disbanded the soldiers, a-ki’-da-ba
u-ga’-e-btha the wa-pa-xe.
you disbanded the soldiers, a-ki’-da-
ba u-ga’-e-btha the wa-shka-xe.
we disbanded the soldiers, a-ki’-da-ba
u-ga’-e-btha the o®-wa-ga-xa i.
disbelieve (to), wa-zha.
I disbelieve, a-wa’-zha.
you disbelieve, wa-tha’-zha.
we disbelieve, 0®-wo*’-zha i.
disburden (to), wa-k’i~’
(which see).
I disburden, wa-k’i®’ tse i-tse a-the.

i-tse-the

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[BULL. 109
disburden (to)—continued.
you disburden, wa-k’i™ tse i-tse
tha-the.
we disburden, wa-k’i® ge i-tse o”
thos.

disburse (to), wa-ga’-shi-be.

I disburse, a-wa’-gi-shi-be.

you disburse, wa-tha’-gi-shi-be.

we disburse, 02-wo” -gi-shi-ba i.
discern (to), i’-the.

I discern, i-tha’-the.

you discern, i’-tha-the.

we discern, o®-tho”’-tha i.
discharge (a), as a shot, gi-o™-tha.
discharge (to), cause to leave, thi-

shto™ -ga-xe.
I discharged him, thi-shto” pa-xe.

you discharged him, thi-shto»’
shka-xe.

we discharged him, thi-shto™ o02-
ga-xa 1.

discharge (to), as fluids, a-xthu-e.
disclose (to), thi-wa’-to®-i",
I disclosed it, bthi’-wa-to"-i?.
you disclosed it, ni’-wa-to®-i2.
we disclosed it, o®-thi’-wa-to®-i" i.
disconnect (to), thi-ki’-tha-ha.
I disconnected it, bthi’-ki-tha-ha.
you disconnected it, ni’-ki-tha-ha.
we disconnected it, o®-thi-ki-tha-ha i.
disconsolate, gi’-cu-zhi; (2) gi’-cu
a-zhi.
I am disconsolate, o™-gu mo®-zhi.
you are disconsolate, thi’-cu a-zhi.
we are disconsolate, wa’-cu ba-zhi i.
discord, da’-a-ki-ki.
discontent, gi’-ho® a-zhi.
discouraged (to be), ki-xi’-tha.
I am discouraged, a-ki’-xi-btha.
you are discouraged, tha-ki’-xi-shta.
we are discouraged, o®-ki-xi-tha i.
discourse, da’-i-the.
he made a fine discourse, da’-i-the
tha-gthi® xtsi ga-xa bi o.
discover (to), we’-the; (2) i’-gi-the
(8) i-the.
I discovered, i-tha’-the.
you discovered, i’-tha-the.
we discovered it, o2-tho»’-tha i.
discredit (to), wa-zha’.
I discredit it, a-wa’-zha.
you discredit it, wa-tha’-zha.
we discredit it, o*-wo*’-zha i.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE
discreet (to be), a’-ki-to-be.
I am discreet, a’-a-ki-to®-be.
you are discreet, a’-tha-ki-to™-be.
we are discreet, o®-ga-ki-to®-ba i.
discuss (to), a’-i-the.
I discuss, i-a’-the.
you discuss, i’-tha-the.
we discuss, i-o®’-tha i.
discussion (a), i’-e wa-tha-zhu-zhi.
disease, wa’-dsi-ni.
disembowel (to), shi’-be-thi-ta-the;
(2) shu’-be thu-ta-the.
disfigure (to), ga-gi’-xe.
disfigure the face, i"-dse’ ga-gi-xe.
I disfigured him, a’-gi-xe.
you disfigured him, tha’-gi-xe.
we disfigured him, o0®-ga’-gi-xa i.
disgrace, i’-gtha-no®. (See u-i’-stse.)
he is in disgrace, i’-gtha-no" bi tse
gi’ -ho®-a-zhi® wa-gthi" bi a.
disgraceful, u’-wa-we-stse.
disguise one’s self (to), ki-gthi’-e-zhi.
I disguised myself, a-ki’-gthi-e-zhi.
you disguised yourself, tha-ki’-gthi-
e-zhi.
we disguised ourselves, 0®-ki’-gthi-e-
zhi i.
(See also e’-zhi ki-ka-xe.)
dish, dishes, hi*’-dse pe zhi®-ga.
give me new dishes, hi®’-dse pe zhi®-
ga tse-ga o"-k’i a.
disheartened (to be), ki-xi’-tha.
I am disheartened, a-ki’-xi-btha.
you are disheartened, tha-ki’-xi-shta.
we are disheartened, o®-ki’-xi-tha i.
disheveled, pa’-hi»-he-xpa.
I am disheveled, pa’-hi® tho" o02-he-

xpa.
you are disheveled, pa’-hit tho®
thi-he-xpa.
we are disheveled, pa’-hi™ tho*
wa-he-xpa i.
dishonor, i’-gtha-no*.
disinfect (to), wa-ci’-hi ki-the.
I disinfect, wa-ci’-hi a-ki-the.
you disinfected yourself, wa-ci’-hi

tha ki-the.
we disinfected ourselves, wa-gi’-hi-
ki-the 02-ki-tha i.
disinherit (to), zhi®-ga’ o*-tha.
the man disinherited his son, ni’-ka-
shi-ga a-ka shi*-tu zhi-ga thi®-
kshe gi o®-tha bi a.

DICTIONARY

255

disintegrate (to), thi-ta’-the.

I disintegrated, bthi’-ta-the.

you disintegrated, ni’-ta-the.

we disintegrated, o®-thi’-ta-tha i.
disinter (to), gthi’-xthu-ge.

the man disintered his son, ni’-ka

a-ka gthi-xthu-ga i shi*-to zhi®-ga
ke.
disjoin (to), thi-ki’-tha-ha.

I disjoined it, bthi’-ki-tha-ha.

you disjoined it, ni’-ki-tha-ha.

we disjoined it, o®-thi’-ki-tha-ha i.
disjoint (to), ga-sdo’-dse.

I disjoint, a’-sdo-dse.

you disjoint, tha’-sdo-dse.

we disjoint, o®-ga’-sdo-dsa i.
disk (a), da’-pa.
dislike (to), gi’-sho®-zhi; 1’-¢i.

I dislike, i-tha‘-gi.

you dislike, i’-tha-gi.

you dislike it, thi-ho® a-zhi.

I dislike doing it, pa-se ta-te i-tha’-gi.

you dislike pork, ku’-ku-cgi ta i’-

tha-ci.
dislocate (to), no®-sho™.

I dislocated my foot, gi’ a-no®-sho®.

you dislocated your foot, gi’ tha-

no®-sho®.
dislocate by pulling, thi-sho™.

I dislocated by pulling, bthi’-sho*.

you dislocated by pulling, ni’-sho*.

we dislocated by pulling, o*-thi’-
sho? i.
disloyal (to be), gi’-wi®-ka-zhi.

I was disloyal to him, e’-wit ka

mo? zhi.

You are disloyal, thi-wi®’-ka-zhi.
dismember (to), ga-sdo’-sdo-dse.
dismount (to), u-wi’-¢i.

you dismount, u-tha’-wi-gi.

we dismount, 0®-gu’-wi-¢i i.
disobey (to), i’-e o-pa-zhi;

k’o0" zhi.

I disobey, a’-a-no®-k’o" mo?-zhi.

you disobey, a’-the-no®-k’o® a-zhi.

we disobey, 0®’-no®-k’o® ba-zhi i.
disorder, u’-tsi-zhe.
disorderly, ga-ni’-tha.
disown (to), thu-ga’-zhi.

I disown, bthi’-ga mo?-zhi.

you disown, shni’-ca a-zhi.

we disown, o*’-thu-ca ba-zhi i.

a’-no2-

256

disparage (to), wa-tha’-pi-zhi.
I disparaged him, wa-btha’-pi-zhi.
you disparaged him, wa-shta’-pi-zhi.
dispatch (to), o’-no"-xthi the wa-

ga-xe.

I dispatched, o’-no®-xthi" the wa-
pa-xe.

you dispatched, o’-no®-xthi® the

wa-shka-xe.
we dispatched, o’-no"-xthi® the o*-
wa-ga-xa i.
dispatch (to), ts’e’-the.
dispensary (a), mo*-ko™-tsi.
dispense (to), o®-tha’.
I dispense with, o®-btha’.
you dispense with, o®-shta’.
disperse (to), o-ga’-e btha.
dispersed, as clouds scatter, u-no™-
the.
display (to), ba-ha’.
I display my arrows, mo? a-gi’-pa-ha.
you display your arrows, mo® tha-
gi’-shpa-ha.
we display our arrows, mo2-02-gi'-
ba-ha i.
displease (to), gi’-ho" a-zhi.
I displeased him, 0»’-ho® mo2-zhi.
you displeased him, thi’-ho® a-zhi.
we displeased him, wa’-ho® ba-zhi i.
displeasure, gi’-ho® a-zhi.
disposition, u’-shko®.
disposition (a cruel), wa’-tha-xthi.
disposition (kindly), u’-k’o" do®-he.
the woman has a kindly disposition,
wa-k’u a-ka u-k’o® do®-ha bi a.
dispossess (to), gi’-no®-she.
I dispossessed him of his
mi*’-dse ke e’-no®-she ha.
you dispossessed him of his bow,
mi*’-dse the’-no"-she ha.
dispute (to), da’ u-i-e.
disreputable, u’-k’o" ho®-zhi.
disrepute, same as disreputable.
disrespect, gi’-o-shki-ga.
disrobe, ki-gthi’-sha.
I disrobe, a-ki’-gthi-sha.
you disrobe, tha-ki’-gthi-sha.
we disrobe, 0®-ki’-gthi-sha i.
disappointment, gi’-ho® a-zhi.
dissatisfaction, gi’-ho® a-zhi.
dissect (to), pa’-dse.
I dissect, a-pa’-dse.
you dissect, tha-pa’-dse.
we dissect, 0®-pa’-dsa i.

bow,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

dissent (to), i-e’ u-k’i’-pa-zhi.
dissipated, o’-shki-ga.
dissolute, same as dissipated.
he is a very dissolute man, she ni‘-
ka-shi-ga a-ba o’-shki-ga bi a.
dissolve (to), ¢ko".
I dissolved it, u-btha ¢ko".
you dissolved it, u-na ¢ko®.
dissuade (to), i’-gi-zhu-shi.
I dissuaded him, i-tha’-gi-zhu-shi.
we dissuaded him, o®-tho®’-gi-zhu-
shi i.
distance, e’-to®-ha.
distant, we’ -hi-dse.
distend (to), thi-gi’-tha.
I distended it, bthi’-¢i-tha.
you distended it, ni’-ci-tha.
we distended it, o®-thi’-ci-tha i.
distinct, o-ko*’-dsi; e’-zhi.
distinguished, ni‘-ka-do"-he.
distracted, da’-do® no®-thi®.
distress, i’-pi-zhi.
distress of mind, wa-ko”’-di-the.
I am distressed, o®-wo-ko®-di-the.
you are distressed, wa-thi’-ko®-di-the.
we are distressed, wa-wa-ko®-di-tha i.
distribute (to), we’-gtha-e.
I distributed among them, we-a’-
etha-e.
you distributed among them, we-
tha’-gtha-e.
we distributed among them, we-o0?-
gtha-a i.
distrust (to), i’-ko-i-pshe.
I distrust him, i-tha’-ko-i-pshe.
you distrust him, i’-tha-ko-i-pshe.
we distrust him, o®-tho®’-ko-i-psha i.
disturb (to), ga-thi’-da.
disturb an animal
thi-hi’.
I disturbed the animal, wa-dsu’-ta
the bthi-hi.
you disturbed the animal, wa-dsu’-ta
the ni-hi.
we disturbed the animal, wa-dsu’-ta
the o®-thi-hi i.
disturb easily, wa-zhi’ a-shka.
disturbance, ki-a’-hi-hi-tha; (2) u’-
chi-zhe.
I caused a disturbance, u-wa’-chi-zha.
you caused a disturbance, u’-thi-chi-
zha.
disuse, u’-tho"-dse-shi thi®-ge.
ditch (a), ba-k’u; u-xthu’-xtha.

by fright,

LA FLESCHE]

divan (a), a’-zho" zhi®-ga.
my divan, a’-zho" zhi®-ga wi-ta.
your divan, a’-zho" zhi®-ga thi-ta.
dive (to), gtho’-ge.
I dive, gtho’-ge bthe.
you dive, tha’-gtho"-ge stse.
we dive, o®-gtho”’-ga i.
diver (2), mi’-xa-gtho"-ge shto®.
diverge, a’-thu-ta-the.
diverse, e’-zhi no®-tho*.
diversify (to), thi-e’-zhi no™-tho*.
I diversify, bthi’-e-zhi no®-tho".
you diversify, ni’-e-zhi no®-tho.
we diversify, 0®-thi’-e-zhi no®-tho® i.
divest (to), thi-sha’-e.
I divest, bthi’-sha-e.
you divest, ni’-sha-e.
we divest, 0®-thi’-sha-a i.
divide (a), a’-thi2.
divide (to), i’-ki-gtha-e.
divide equally in half, tho»-ba’-ha
ga-xe.
I divided it equally in half, tho-ba’-
ha pa-xe.
you divided it equally in half, thor-
ba’-ha shpa-xe.
we divided it equally in half, tho»-
ba’-ha o®-ga-xa i.
divine (to), as foretell, ta’-ko.
Divine, Wa-ko”’-da.
divination, u-be’-hni.
divorce (to), ki-o®’-tha.
I divorced him, o"-ki’-o"-tha i ha.
you divorced him, tha-ki’-o®-shtai ha.
divulge (to), tha-wa’-to®-i".
I divulged your secret, da’-do®
a-a-no"-xthe tse btha-wa-to®-i" ha.
you divulged my secret, da’-do™
a-tha-no®-xthe tse shna-wa’-to™-i?
ha.
we divulged his secret, da’-do™
0®-wo-no®-xthe tse o®-tha-wa-to®-
i? i.
dizzy (to be), no” -xe ¢cka zhi.
Tam dizzy, no™’-xe 0®-cka mo® zhi ha.
you are dizzy, no”-xe thi-cka zhi ha.
do a little at a time, dso’-ba-no®-the
ga-xe.
I do a little at a time, dso’-ba-no?-
the pa-xe.
you do a little at a time, dso’-ba-no®-
the shka-xe.
we do a little at a time, dso’-ba-no®-
the 0®-ga-xa i,

OSAGE DICTIONARY

257

docile, wa-ts’e-ga.

dock (a), ba-dse’ o-pshe’-tse.

document (a), wa-gthe’-ce.

dodge (to), as in fear, wa-thi’-bthi-
bthi-xe.

dodge (to), no” -co"-de.

I dodged, a-no®-¢go"-de.
you dodge, tha’-no"-go"-de.
we dodge, 0o®-no’-co"-da i.

doe (a), ta-mi’-ga.

dog (a), sho”’-ge.

dog, ill tempered, sho”’-ge i-ci wa-the.

I stepped on the dog, sho®’-ge thi®-ke
a-a-no®-zhi®.

you stepped on the dog, sho-ge
thi®-ke a-tha-no®-zhi*.

doghouse, sho"’-ge tsi.

Dog-star (most brilliant star in
constellation), Canis Major,
Sho’-ge a-ga k’e go.

doll (a), zhi2-ga’ zhi®-ga wa-thi-hi-dse.

dollar, btho’-ga wi"-xtsi.

domestic (a servant), wa-thi’-to*.

domesticate (to make gentle), thi-
wa -shta-ge.

I domesticated the horse,
bthi-wa’-shta-ge.
you domesticated the horse, ka-wa
ni-wa’-shta-ge.
we domesticated the horse, ka-wa
o®-thi’-wa-shta-ga i.
domesticated, wa-da’-gthe.

donate (to), da’-do®-ga-the.

I donated a horse, ka’-wa wi" pa-the.
you donated a horse, ka’-wa wi?
shka-the.

donate to something, da’-do" u-gi-
gtho" ga-the.

donor (a), wa-ga’-the a-ka.

doomsday, ho-ba wa-thi-tho™-be ha
ta bi tse.

doorkeeper, tsi’-zhe-be a-ki-da.

door of tipi, tsi’-zhe-be.

doorway, tsi’-u-k’u-dse.

dormitory, u-zho"’-tsi.

dose (as of medicine), mo*-ko"’
u-tha-to® e-no®; (2) u-he’-be.

dotage, ts’a’-ge u-thu-ce.

dotard, u’-no®-ts’a-ge hi.

double (as to fold a_ blanket),
a’ -ki-thi-cta.

I doubled a blanket, ha-xi® a’-ki-thi-
gta pa-xe,

ka-wa

258

double (as to fold a blanket)—con.
you doubled a blanket, ha-xi® a’-ki-
thi-cta shka-xe.

we doubled the blanket, ha-xi" a’-
ki-thi-cta o°-ga-xa i.

double-barreled gun, xtho’-ge tho»-
ba.

double-dealing, u’-wa-mo"-xe-the.

double star, mi-ka’-k’e u-ki-tha ts’i*.

doubt (to be in), gi’-ha-gi-the.

I am in doubt, o®-ha-gi-the.

you are in doubt, thi-ha-gi-the.

doubtful, ha’-go"-tho® ta zhi a-zhi.
doubtless, wa-ha’-gi-tha zhi.

dough (bread), wa-dsu’-e-i-the-xthe.
dough pan, wa-dsw’-u-thi-xthi.
doughty, wa-zhi™ to-ga.

douse (to), ni-u’-ba-xi.

I doused him in the water, ni-u-pa’-xi.

you doused him in the water, ni-u-
shpa-xi.

we doused him in the water, ni-o?-
gu -ba-xi i.

down (below), hiu’-dse ta; (2) u-ga’-
hu-dse.

sit down, gthi-i"-ga o.

downecast, gi’-cu-zhi.

I am downcast, 0®-cu’ mo®-zhi.

you are downcast, thi’-cu a-zhi.

we are downcast, wa-cu’ ba-zhi i.

downright, e-go” xtsi.

downward, u-thu’-xtha-ha; (2) a’-
po-ga.

downy, ga-mo”™.

downy as a feather, ¢ka’ ga-mo*.

downy feathers, wa-zhi™-ga
shto®-ga.

doze (to), tho’-ha zho"-i-he.

I doze, tho’-ha a-zho®-i-he.

you doze, tho’-ha tha-zho”-i-he.

we dozed, tho’-ha o0®-zho®-i-ha i.

dozen (a), a-gthi" tho -ba,

I want a dozen chickens, giu’-ka
zhi-ga a-gthi® tho®-ba wa-kon-
btha.

you want a dozen chickens, giu’-ka
zhi»-ga a-gthi® tho®-ba wa-shko»-
sda.

drab, xo’-de.

draft (a money order), ta-no™-k’a-
gka.

drag (to), as
wa-thi’-xo-e.

I dragged it, wa-thi’-xo-e pshi i* do.

hi®

leading something,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 10

drag (to)—continued.
you dragged it, wa-thi’-xo-e shi i2-do.
we dragged it, wa-thi’-xo-e o®-ga
hi bi o.
drag (to) on the ground, thi’-xu-e.
I dragged the log, zho® bthi’-xu-e.
you dragged the log, zho" ni’-xu-e.
we dragged the log, zho® o®-thi’-
xu-a 1.
dragon fly, tse’-pi-tha to®-ga.
drain (to), ni’-o"-tho®-bi-ce.
I drained it, ni’-o®-tho®-pi-ce.
you drained it, ni’-o"-tho" shpi-ce.
we drained it, ni’-we-a-bi-¢a i.
drake (a), mi’-xa do-ga.
draw (to), as to pull, thi-stsu’-dse.
I draw it out, bthi’-stsu-dse.
you draw it out, tha-stsu-dse.
draw (to) a line, thi’-xu.
I drew a line, bthi’-xu.
you drew a line, ni’-xu.
we drew a line, o®-thi’-xu i.
draw (to) stripes, thi-gthe’-ce.
I drew stripes, bthi’-gthe-¢e.
you drew stripes, ni’-gthe-ce.
we drew stripes, 0®-thi’-gthe-ce i.
drawer (a), as in a table, u-thu’-
stsu-e.
drawl (to), i’-e wa-ctu-dse.
drawl (slowness of speech),
a-thu-xu-ge.
dread (to), no”’-pe.
I dread, no”’-a-pe.
you dread, no™-tha-pe.
we dread, no*’-0®-pa i.
dreadful, no™-pe-wa-the.
dream (to), ho®-bthe.
I dreamed, ho»’-a-bthe.
you dreamed, ho -tha-bthe.
dream certain things, i’-ho*-bthe.
I dreamed of a_ certain thing,
i-tha’-ho-bthe.
you dreamed of a certain thing,
i’-tha-ho®-bthe.
we dreamed of a certain thing, o?-
tho®’-ho®-btha 1.
drenched (to be), ga-da’-xe.
I am drenched, 0®-a’-da-xe.
you are drenched, thi-a’-da-xe.
the rain drenched me, ni-zhu wa-
gthi> ha 0®-a’-da xe ha.
dress (garment), we’-ki-gthe-wi"; wa-
tse’.

i’-e

LA FLESCHE]

dress (to), we’-ki-gthi-wi® u-gi’-pa-ho®
(which see).

I dress, we’-ki-gthi-wi" u-wa’-gi-pa-
ho.

you dress, we’-ki-gthi-wi® u-tha’-gi-
shpa-ho®.

we dress, we’-ki-gthi-wi® o?-gu’-gi-
pa-ho? i.

dresser (a bureau), u-thu’-stsu-e.

driftwood, ni’-do"-ga-xa.

drill (to) a hole in something,
u-thi’-k’u-dse.

I drilled a hole, u-bthi’-ku-dse.

you drilled a hole, u-stsi’-k’u-dse.

we drilled a hole, o®-gu’-thi-k’u-dsa i.

drill (to), as soldiers, a’-ki-da u-k’o*.
drink (to), wa-tha’-to*.

I drank, wa-btha’-to.

you drank, wa-shda’-to*.

we drank, 0®-wo*’-tha-to® i.

drip (to), u-xto™.
dripping of sap, a’-xthu-e.
drive (to), ga-zhi™.

I can drive the horses home, ka’-wa
tho®-ka a-wa-ga-zhi" a-gthe ta
mi®-ke ha.

you can drive the horses home, ka’-
wa tho®-ka wa-tha-ga-zhi" tha-
gthe ta-te ha.

drive one’s own horses, gi-pa’-¢i.
drive off, ba-¢i’.

I drive off, pa’-gi.

you drive off, shpa’-gi.

we drive off, 0®-ba’-gi i.

drizzle (as rain), ni-zhiu’ xo-dse.
droll (a joker), wa-thi’-ho-ho-da.
droop (to), gi’-sho®-tha.

drop (to), as water, a-ga’-ts’e.

I dropped water, a’-a-ga-ts’e.

you dropped water, a’-tha-ga-ts’e.

we dropped water, 0®-ga’-ts’a i.

drop (to) by accident, thi-gtho™-tha.

I dropped it by accident, bthi’-gtho»-
tha.

you dropped it by accident, ni’-gtho»-
tha.

we dropped it by accident, o2-thi’-
gtho®-tha i.

drop (to) liquid on something, a’-
thi-a.
drop (to) in the eye, u-thi’-xto°.

I dropped medicine in the eye,
i=-shta’ tho® mo2-ko® u-bthi’-xto*.

you dropped medicine in the eye,
in-shta’ tho® mo®-ko® u-ni-xto*.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

259

drop (to) in the eye—continued.
we dropped medicine in the eye, i2-
shta’ tho® mo®-ko® 0®-gu-thi-xto?® i.
drought (a), mo®-bi-ce’.
drown (to), ni-pa’-ha-i-the.
drowned, same as drown.
drowsy, i®-shta’ u-ts’u-xe.
my eyes feel drowsy, i®-shta’ o®-ts’u-
xe.
your eyes look drowsy, i®-shta’ thi-
ts’u-xe.
drugs, mo®-ko™.
druggist (a), mo®-ko™ a-thi2.
drum (a), tse’-xe-ni.
drum beat, ti-dse’.
Drum Creek, Kans., Tse’-xe-ni-u-e.
drumfish, hu’-pa u-ga-hi.
drunk (to be), gtho”’-thi*.
I am drunk, a-gtho”’-bthi*.
you are drunk, tha-gtho™ -ni.
we are drunk, wa-gtho»’-thi® i.
drunkard (a), wa-tha’-to™ shto*.
drunkenness, gtho*’-thi®-shto*.
dry (to become dry), a’-bi-¢e.
dry (as withered), bi’-¢e, biu’-¢e.
dry (by draining), thi-biu’-ce.
dry (by wind blowing), ga-bi’-ce.
I dried my blanket in the wind,
ha-xi® tho" ga-bi’-ce a-gi-the ha.
you dried your blanket in the wind,
ha-xi’ tho® ga-bi’-ce tha-gi-the ha.
dry (to) by wringing, thi-biu’-¢e.
dry (to) by heat, da-bi-c¢e.
I dried my clothes in the sun, da’-
bi-ce pa-xe.
dry-goods store, wa-to™ u-zhi.
dry-goods merchant, wa-to® a’thi®.
Dry Wood Creek, Kans., Pi-ci’ hi-u-
gthe.
dub, zha’-zhe k’i.
duck (to), ni-u’-ba-xi.
I ducked, ni-u’-pa-xi.
you ducked, ni-u’-shpa-xi.
we ducked, ni-o®-gu’-ba-xi i.
dull, ba’-i®-zhi.
dull sound, ga-po’-ki.
I made a dull sound, a’-po-ki.
you made a dull sound, tha’-po-|i.
we made a dull sound, o"-ga’-po-ki i.
dumb, i’-e-go®-zhi*-ga.
dumplings (of corn), wa-dsu’-e-xo®
u-thi-shi2 (which see).
dun (to), wa-thu’-ce gi-da.
I dunned him, wa-thu’-ge a-gi-da.
you dunned him, wa-thu’-ce tha-gi-da.

260

dunce (a), ts’e-ga.
duplicity, u’-wa-mo”-xe-the.
durable, ¢a’-gi.
dusk, u-ga’-sha_ sha-be;
u-ga-sha-be.
dust, mo®-sho’-sho-dse.
you are raising the dust, mo®-sho’-
sho-dse tha-tha bi a.
dust blown or carried by the wind,
mo®-sho’-dse.
the dust blew in my
sho’-dse i®-shta tho®
hi-tha.

(2) ho®’-ba

eyes, mo®-
0®-wo?-ga-

each, wa”’-no"-the.
each one, wi®’-no"-the.
eager, i’-hi-dse.
I am eager, 0®-tho" a’-hi-dse.
you are eager, i’-thi-hi-dse.
eagle, xiu-tha’.
eagle (bald), xi-tha’-pa.
eagle (golden), xi-tha’ (which see).
eagle (red), xi-tha’ sha.
eagle (white), xi-tha’ ¢ka.
eagle (sacred mottled), a’-hiu-ta-ta.
eagle feather headdress, xi-tha’
u-gtho®-ge.
Eagle Wing Creek, Xi-tha’-hi® ga-xe.
ear (the), no®-ta’.
ear (external opening), ni-xu’-dse.
ear lobe, no"-ta’ pa-ci.
earache, no” -xu-dse ni-e.
early, tse’-ga.
earn (to), u-kshe’-to™.
I earned a dollar, btho’-ga-wi®-xtsi
u-wa-kshe-to®.
you earned a dollar, btho’-ga-wi2
xtsi u-tha-kshe-to.
you earned it, ugtha’-kshe-to2,
earnings, same as earn.
earnest, i’-hi-dse. (See eager.)
earth (the), to*’-dse; (2) mo®-zho.;
(3) mo®-i’-ka; (4) mo2®-thir’-ka.
earth lodge, mo®-thi"’-ka i-tsi.
earring, i’-i"-to.
earthquake, mo®-zho™ shko®,
earwig, zhe-ga’ hiu-go"-tha.
east, ga’-xpa; (2) mi’-hi-tho*®-be-dsi.
I live in the east, mo®-zho" ga-xpa
dsi a-gthi® ha.
east wind, ta’-dse ga-xpa tse.
easy, O'-ts’e-ga; (2) wa-ts’e-ga; (3)
u’-mo®-ka.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

dusty, ga-sho’-dse; (2) mo®-sho’-sho-
dse.
dutiful, da’-e tha-gthi".
he is a dutiful son, shi®’-to zhi®-ga
da’-e tha-gthi® bi a.
dwarf (a), ni’-ka dsa-pa.
dwell (to), tsi’-gthe; (2) u-tsi.
dwell as a person, u-wa’ ni-ka-shi-ga.
dwell as in one’s own house, u-tha
ni-ka-shi-ga.
we go to dwell, o®-ga’-tha i.
dye, we’-zhu-dse-the.
dysentery, i-gthe’ ni-gthu-ce.

easy to reach, hi’ u-mo"-ka.
my house is easy to reach, tsi wi-ta
tse i’-the u-mo2-ka ha.
your house is easy to reach, tsi
thi-ta te u-hi a-shka.
our house is easy to reach, tsi
o*®-gu-ta i-te u-hi a-shka.
eat (to), tha-tse’; no®’-bthe; wa-no”-
bthe.
I am eating, a-wa-no®-bthe.
you are eating, wa-tha’-no®-bthe.
we are eating, wa-o®-no®-btha i.
eat (to) what is set before one,
gtha’-tse.
IT eat what is set before me, btha’-tse.
you eat what is set before you,
shna’-tse.
we eat what is set before us, 0®-gtha’-
tsa i.
eavesdropper, no®-xtho” ha wa-no?-
k’o2.
eccentric, ta’-ca-zhi.
an eccentric person, ni’-ka-shi-ga wi?
ta’-ca-zhi.
echo (an), hu-u-tha’ da-tho®.
I heard an echo, hu-u-tha’ da-tho?
wi® a-no®-k’o® ha.
you heard an echo, hu-u-tha’ da-tho®
wi® tha-no®-k’o2.
we heard an echo, hu-u-tha’ da-tho®
o®-no®-k’o? i.
economical, da‘-do® ciu-we.
I am economical, da’-do® a-giu-we ha.

you are economical, da’-do® tha-
giu-we ha.

we are economical, da’-do™ o0-
giu-wa i.

economy, da’-do® gi-¢i.

LA FLESCHE]

ecstasy (excessive joy),
gi-cu.
eczema, ni-a’-ni-o".
eddy (a whirling of water), ni-u’-
thi-bthi.
edge (the), ko™’-ha.
edge of a lake, dse ko"’-ha.
edge of a river, ni’-ko"-ha.
edible, no™-bthe tha’-gthi*.
educated, wa-gthe’-ce pi-o".
I am educated, wa-gthe’-ce pi-mo*.
you are educated, wa-gthe’-ce shpi-
zho®.
we are educated, wa-gthe’-ce o?-
pi-o i.
eel (an), ho’-we-ts’a.
efface (to), bi-ka’.
I effaced, pi’-ka.
you effaced, shpi’-ka.
we effaced, 0®-bi’-ka i.
effort, wa-shko™.
effort (one’s greatest), ha’-xti-k’o..
egg (an), ba’-ta.
egg (bird’s), wa-zhi"’-ga pa-da.
egg-shaped, gnu’-ka.
ego (self), u-zhu’ a-ka.
egotism, u-zhu a’-ki-zhi".
eight, ki-e’-do-ba.
eight spot (playing card), ki’-e-do-ba
a-zhi.
eighteen, a-gthi" ki-e do-ba.
either, 0*’-mo® e-shki.
eighth, we’-ki-e-do-ba.
eighty, gthe’-btho" ki-e do-ba.
eject (to) out of a house, a’-shi-o°-
tha.
I ejected him, a’-shi-o"-btha.
you ejected him, a’-shi-o®-shta.
we ejected him, a’-shi-o®-o0-tha i.
eject (to) off one’s own property,
ga-she.
I ejected him, a’-she.
you ejected him, tha’-she.
we ejected him, o®-ga-sha i.
eject (to) out of office, thi-dsi’-ce.
I ejected him, bthi’-dsi-ce.
you ejected him, ni’-dsi-ce.
elastic wa-ci’-ci-tha.
elbow (the), i-ctu’-hi.
elder (older of the two), wa-no™.
elderberry tree, ba-po’-ki hi.
elected (to), ba-hi’.
I am elected, 0*’-ba-hi bi a.
you are elected, thi’-ba-hi bi a.

wai’ -gth

OSAGE DICTIONARY

261

electric light, e-wa’-zhi" po-e (which
see).
elegant, tha’-gthi® xtsi.
elephant, ni’-da. (See description.)
eleven, a-gthi™ wi" xtsi.
eleventh, we’-a-gthi® wi" xtsi (which
see).
elf (an), mi’-a-gthu-shka.
élite, ba-hi’xtsi.
elk (the), o’po"; (2) wa-dsu’-ta stse-
dse.
elk skin, o’-po” ha.
Elm Creek, Okla., E’-hiu-gthe (which
see).
elm tree, e’-hiu.
elm, slippery, hi*-dse_ gthi-gthi-e;
(2) hi»’-dse ni-stsi-stu-e.
elope (to), ko-pshe.
I eloped, a-ko’-pshe.
you eloped, tha-ko’-pshe.
we eloped, o®-ko’-psha i.
emaciate, xtha a-thi hi.
I am emaciated, xtha o”’-thi® hi.
you are emaciated, xtha a‘-thi»-thi"
shi.
embrace (to), u-ki’-gthi-ge; a’-dse.
I embrace, a’-a-dse.
you embrace, a’-tha-dse.
we embrace, 0”-ga-dsa i.
emetic (an), gthe’-be mo®-ko® (which
see).
employ (to), wa-shi’.
I employ, a-wa’-shi.
you employ, wa-thi’-shi.
we employ, wa-thi’-shi i.
employee, wa-shi’-be a-ka.
employer, wa-wa’-shi a-ka.
I have a good employer, tha-gthi
i-ha o°-wa/-shi a-ka.
you have a good employer, tha-gthi®
i-ha wa-thi’-shi a-ka.
we have a good employer, tha-gthi*
i-ha wa-wa’-gthi" i a-ka.
employment, u’-thi-to*.
empty, xtho’-k’a.
the bottle is empty, o-zhi-to-ho tse
xtho’-ka.
emptiness, same as empty.
end (the last, Omega), ha-shi.
end (the), u-ho™-ge.
end of a ravine, ga-sho™-to®-gthe.
I walked to the end of a ravine,
ga-sho”’-to®-gthe te u-thu wa-gthe
mo®-thi® pi ha.

262

end of a ravine—continued.
you walked to the end of the ravine,
ga-sho™-to"-gthe te u-thu wa-gthe
mo®-shni ha.
we walked to the end of the ravine,
ga-sho"’-to"-gthe te u-thu wa-
gthe o®-mo®-thi® i.
enemy, ki*’-da-ga-bi-the.
enemy (as hatred), i’-ki-ci.
Englishman (an), Mo”-hi-to.-ga
(which see).
enlarge (to) with a knife, ba-zha’-ge.
I enlarged it, ba’-a-zha-ge.
you enlarged it, ba’-tha-zha-ge.
we enlarged it, o®-ba’-zha-ga i.
enliven (to), u’-shka-shka-tho?.
I enlivened, u’-shka-shka-tho" pshi
mi" kshe.
you enlivened, u’-shka-shka-tho® shi
ni kshe o.
we enlivened, u’-shka-shka-tho® o02-
ga-hi o"-ga-to™.
enmity, wa-we’-ci.
I have enemies, wa-we’-a-ci.
you have enemies, wa-we’-tha-ci.
enormous, gtho”-the wa-gthi*.

enough, u-thu’-thi"-ga-zhi; (2) sho»
i2-da.
I have enough, u-thu’-thi-this-ga
mo?-zhi.
you have enough, o®-tho®-wo® thi.-
ga a-zhi.
we have enough, wiu-tha-thi-ga
ba-zhi i.

enrage (to), wa-zhi pi-zhi
(which see).

I enraged him, wa-zhi” pi-zhi pa-xe.

ga-xe

you enraged him, wa-zhi"® pi-zhi
shka-xe.

we enraged him, wa-zhi" pi-zhi
o"-ga-xa i.

ensiform appendage, te-mo2-hi2,
ensign (a banner), ha-cka’-wa-xthe-
xthe.

enter (to), u-pe’.

I enter, u-wa’-pe.

you enter, u-tha’-pe.

we enter, 0°-gu-pa 1.
entire, btho’-ga; (2) thi-ta’-tha-zhi.
entrails (of an animal), wa-shta’.
entrance, u-pe’-tse.
envelop (to), u-be’-to*.

I envelop, u-pe’-to2.

you envelop, u-shpe’-to*.

we envelop, 0®-gu’-be-to? i.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

envy (to), a’-ko"-gthe.
I envy, a’-a-ko"-gthe ha.
you envy, a’-tha-ko"-gthe ha.
we envy, 0” -ga-ko®-gtha i.
epidemic, u’-hiu-he-ga u-tsi.
epistle (an), as a letter, wa-gthe’-ce.
equal, u-kia’-sha.
equal height, e’-to®-ha;
ki-to®-ha.
equal in numbers, a-kia’-sha.
equal in size, go"-¢e’ ’*tho®-cka.
equivalent (an), u-gi’-no"-zhi" ga-xe.
I gave an equivalent, u-gi’-no®-zhi®
pa-xe.
you gave an equivalent, u-gi’-no®-zhi®
shka-xe.
we gave an equivalent, u-gi’-no"-
zhi® o®-ga-xa i.
erase, bi-ka’.
I erase, pi’-ka.
you erase, shpi’-ka.
we erase, 0®-bi-ka i.
erect (refers to posture), tho’-to™ no-
zhi®,
I stand erect, tho’-to™ a-no®-zhi*.
you stand erect, tho’-to™ tha-no"-
zhix,
ermine, i®-cho®’-cka (which see).
errand, u-ga’-sho?.
errand (to go on), wa-ba’-zhi®.
I am going on an errand, wa-ba’-
zhi® bthe.
you are going on an errand, wa-ba’-
zhi" stse.
we are going on an errand, wa-ba’-
zhi® o®-ga-tha i.
error (an), mo®-xe’ ki-the.
I made an error, mo®-xe’ a-ki-the.
you made an error, mo"-xe’ tha-ki-
the.
we made an error, mo"-xe’ o®-ki-
tha i.
escape (to), shi-ba’-the; (2) ha’-ce.
I escaped, a-ha’-ce.
you escaped, tha-ha’-ce.
we escaped, o®-ha’-¢a i.
escort (to accompany), a’-do"-be.
I escorted him, a’-to™-be.
you escorted him, a’-shto®-be.
we escorted him, o"-ga-do®-ba i.
espionage, no®-xtho™-ha a-do®-be.
establish (to), thi-mo’-gthe.
I established it, bthi’mo-gthe.
you established it, ni’-mo™-gthe.
we establish, 0®-thi’-mo®-gtha i.

(2) go-ce’

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE
estate (an), da’-do" wa-we-ta.
esteem (to hold in), u-zhu a’-zhi*.
I esteem him, u-zhu a’-a-zhi*,
you esteem him, u-zhu a’-tha-zhi*.
we esteem him, u-zhu’ 0®-ga-zhi" i.
eulogize (to), tha-do-he.
I eulogize him, btha-do*’-he.
you eulogize him, shta-do”’-he.
we eulogize him, o®-tha’-do®-ha i.
evade (to), gi’-ha-ce.
I evade, e’-ha-ce.
you evade, the’-ha-ce.
I evaded the man, ni’-ka thi" e-ha-ce.
you evaded the man, ni’-ka thi" the-
ha-¢e.
even, ¢no”-cno® go™-ce-go"; (2) ¢ta-
go.
evening, o-pa’-ce; (2) pa’-ce; (3) u’-
pa-ce (which see).
evening star, mi-ka’-k’e ho®-do" thi2-
kshe.
ever, i’-gi-ha.
evergreen (plant), shi®’-zha hi.
everybody, ¢a’-ni. (See btho-ga.)
everything, same as everybody.
everybody is going, ga-ni’ a-tha bi a.
evil, pi’-zhi.
ewe (young lamb), ta-cka’ mi-ga.
exact, e-go" xtsi.
examine (to), a’-ga-cu; i-ga-cko"-the.
I examined it, a’-a-ga-cu.
you examined it, a’-tha-ga-¢cu.
examine carefully, we-to™-i*.
examine one’s self, u-ki’-gtha-gi".
I examined myself, u-wa’-ki-gtha-gi*.

you examined yourself, u-tha-ki-
gtha-git.

we examined ourselves, o?-gu’-ki-
gtha-gi® i.

example (for others), wa-we’-ki-

gtha ¢cko®-the.
excavate (to), mo2-i2’-ka ba-k’u.
I excavate, mo”-i»’-ka pa-k’u.
you excavate, mo®-i’-ka shpa-k’u.
we excavate, mo®-i®’-ka o®-ba-k’u i.
exceed (to), a’-gthi™ ha. (Compare
wa-ga’-xa.)
I exceed, a’-a-gthi™ ha.
you exceed, a’-tha-gthi® ha.
we exceed, wo®-ga’-gthi™ i ha.
excel (to), ga-xa’.
I excel, a’-xa.
you excel, tha’-xa.
we excel, 0®-ga’-xa i.

DICTIONARY

263

excellent, wa-ga’-xa.
except (to object), e-no"-u-ko™-dsi.
I excepted to it, e-no™ u-ko®’-dse
bthi dsi-¢e.
you excepted to it, e-no® u-ko®’-dsi
u-he tha-tha zhi.
exchange (to), i’-ki-ka-wi.
I exchange, i’-ki-ka-wi" a-the.
you exchange, i’-ki-ka-wi" tha-the.
we exchange, i’-ki-ka-wi" o®-tha i.
excite (to), wa-tho-dse u-thi-co2-ha.
excitement, same as excite; (2) k’o-
k’o-bi; (3) ki-a’-hi-hi-tha.
great excitement, o’-ko®-di-the.
exclaim (as cry out), hu-¢a’-gi.
I exclaimed, a-hu-¢ga’-gi.
you exclaimed, tha-hu’-ga-gi.
exclude (to), e-no® u-ko»-dsi.
I excluded him, e-no®
bthi dsi-ce ha.
you excluded him, e-no® u-ko®-dsi
u-he tha-tha zhi.
excrement, i*-gthe.
excursion (an), u-ba’-wi®-xe.
execrate, tha-pi-zhi.
exempt from, u-ga’-shte.
exhaust (to), thi-thi*-ge.
exhausted, ga-cki’-ge.
they became exhausted before I did,
ni’ o®-wo-ta-thit.
exhaustion (to die of), ga-cki’-t’e.
you might have died from exhaustion,
ga-cki’-t’e te.

u-ko®-dsi

exhaustion (to suffer from), wa-
xpa-thi2.

I suffered from exhaustion, 0®-wo™-
xpa-thi*.

you suffered from exhaustion, wa-
thi’-xpa-thi*.
we suffered from exhaustion, wa-wa’-
xpa-thi® i.
exhilarate (to) u’-shka-shka-tho®.
IT am _ exhilarated, shka-shka-tho®
pshi mi® kshe.
you are exhilarated, shka-shka-tho®
shi ni kshe o.
we are exhilarated, shka-shka-tho®
o®-ga-hi o2-ga to®.
exhibit (to), ba-ha’.
I exhibited, pa’-ha.
you exhibited shpa’-ha.
we exhibited, 0®-ba’-ha i.
exhibition (an), da’-do™ ba-ha.

264

exhumation, wa-ts’e gthi-xthu (which
see).
exhume (to), thi-xthu’; wa-ts’e gthi-
xthu (which see).
I exhume, bthi’-xthu.
you exhume, ni’-xthu.
we exhume, 0?-thi-xthu i.
exile (to), a’-ga-ha-ta gthe kshi-the.
exist (to), ni.
I exist, a-ni’.
you exist, tha-ni’.
we exist, 0®’-ni-a-ga to".
exit, a’-shi-the.
I am going out, a’-shi-bthe a tha.
you are going out, a’-shi ne a-tha.
we are going out, a’-shi o®-ga-tha i
a-tha.
expand (to), thi-gtho»’-the-ha.
expect (to), da’-do" i-tha-pe; (2) tsi-
tse a-a-zhi.
expectorate (to), i-xthi-tu; tha-k’i;
hu-xpe xthi-xthi.
I expectorate, i-xthi’ a-tu.
you expectorate, i-xthi tha-tu.
I expectorate, btha-k’i.
you expectorate, sda-k’i.
we expectorate, o®-tha-k’i i.
expedite, u’-no®-xthi" ga-xe.
I expedited, u-no®-xthi® pa-xe.
you expedited, u-no®-xthi" shka-xe.
we expedited, u-no®-xthi" 0®-ga-xa i.
expel (to drive away), gtho-tha-ha

the ga-xe.

I expelled him, gtho»’-tha-ha the
pa-xe.

you expelled him, gtho®’-tha-ha the
shka-xe.

we expelled him, gtho’-tha-ha the
o™-ga-xa i.

they expelled him, gtho»’-tha-ha
ga-xa bi o.

expel (to dismiss), a’-ga-ha-ta gthe

kshi-the.

expensive, thi-wi" wa-tse-xi.
coffee is expensive, mo®-ko™ g¢a-be
thi-wi® wa-tse xi bi o.
experience, da’-i-ba-ho"® pi-o®-hi.
I am experienced, da’-i-ba-ho® pi-mi®-
kshe o.
you are experienced, da’-i-ba-ho»
pi-o" she ni she o.
we are experienced, da’-i-ba-ho® 02-
ga-hi bi o.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

experiment (to), wa-we’-k’u-tse.
I experimented, wa-we-a’-k’u-tse.
you experimented, wa-we’-tha-k’u-
tse.
we experimented, wa-we-o” -k’u-tsa I.
expert, pi-o™.
I am expert, pi’-mo?.
you are expert, shpi’-mo?.
we are expert, 0®-pi’-o” i.
explain (to), gi’-tha-wa-cka.
I explained, e-btha-wa-cka.
you explained, the-shna-wa-¢ka.
explode (to), da’-po-ki.
the gun exploded, wa-hu’-to™-the
a-ka da’-po-ki bi a.
explore (to), mo®-zho” do®-be.
explorer (an), mo®-zho™ do®-be.
exposed (to be), hi’-tho®-be.
I am exposed, hi’-tho®-be a-gthi*.
you are exposed, hi’-tho"-be tha-
gthir.
we are exposed, hi’-tho™-be 0®-gthi" i.
expostulate (to), wa-we’-gi-zhu-shi.
I expostulated, we-a’-gi-zhu-shi.
you expostulated, we’-tha-gi-zhu-shi.
we expostulated, we-o-gi-zhu-shi i.
exquisite, tha’-gthi" xtsi.
extending over, gtho-the-ha.
extending beyond, u-ba’-he.
exterior (the), a’-ga-ha kshe.

exterminate (to), thi®-ge’ wa-the;

(2) ni-the.

I exterminated them, thi®-ge’ a-wa-
the.

you exterminated them, thi®-ge’ wa-
tha-the.

we exterminated them, thi-ge’ o02-
wa-tha i.

external, a’-ga-ha.
extinct, thi*-ge’ hi.
to cause to become extinct, bi-da-zhi
I cause it to become extinct, pi’-da-
zhi.
you cause it to become extinct, shpi’-
da-zhi.
we cause it to become extinct, 0®-bi’-
da-zhi i.
extinguish (to), bi-da’-zhi.
to extinguish a fire, da’-zhi.
I extinguished the fire, pe’-dse bthi-
da-zhi ha.
you extinguished the fire, pe’-dse ni-
da-zhi ha.

LA FLESCHE]

extinguish (to)—continued.

to extinguish with a wet cloth,
ga-da’-zhi.

to extinguish by poking, ba-da’-zhi.

I extinguished the fire by poking, pa’-
da-zhi.

you extinguished the fire by poking,
shpa’-da-zhi.

we extinguished the fire by poking, 02-

ba’-da-zhi i.
extol (to), tha-do™-he; (2) tha-tha’-
gthi..

I extol, btha’-do®-he.

you extol, shta’-do®-he.

we extol, o®-tha’-do"-ha i.
extra, a’-gthi"-ha; i’-thi® shno®.
extricate (to), a’-ga-cpe gthu-ce.

I extricated, a’-ga-cpe a-gthu-ce.

you extricated, a’-ga-¢pe tha-gthu-ce.

we extricated, a’-ga-cpe o®-gthu-¢a i.
exude (to), a’-xthu-e.

fable (a), hi’-go (which see).
face (a), i-dse’.
little brother washed his face, ka-
zhi®-ga a-ka i®-dse gthu-zha bi a.
facetious, shka-shka’-tho.
facing, e-ta’ u-ga-xthe.
facing (the wind), ki’-mo*-ho® u-ga-
xthe.
I go facing the wind, ki’-mo*-hot
bthe ha.
you go facing the wind, ki’-mo*-ho®
stse ha.
we go facing the wind, ki’-mo"-ho®
o*-ga-tha i.
faction, ba’-ta-ta.
facsimile, i’-do"-be ga-xa; (2) i’-go™-¢e.
fade (to), gi-gthe’-zhe.
my dress is faded, wa-tse wi-ta a-cka
gi-gthe-zha be-tha.
faded, as a flower, wa-thi’-xthi-ge.
faggot, da’-wi®-xe.
fail (to) to do with the foot, no*-
ts’a-ge.
I. failed to do it with my foot,
a’-no"-ts’a-ge.
you failed to do it with your foot,
tha’-no®-ts’a-ge.
we failed to do it with our feet,
o®-no” -ts’a-ga i.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

265

exult (to), wa-k’o™.
I exulted, a-wa’-k’o*.
you exulted, wa-tha’-k’o..
we exulted, o®-wa’-k’o" i.
eye, i-shta’.
eyebrows, i2-shta’-hi2.
my eyebrows are thin, i®-shta’-hi2
ke o®-xe-be.
eye (corner of), i*-shta’-the-dse.
eyeglasses, mo"-ce i2-shta u-gtho2.
eyelids, i’-ga-bi-zhe.
eye (to open), i2-shta’ ga-btha.
eye (pupil of), in-shta’ u-sha-be.
eye socket, i*-shta’ u-gtho®.
eye (skin of), i"-shta’-ha.
eyetooth, i2-shta/’-hi.
eye (white of), i2-shta’-cka.
eyesore (disagreeable to look at),
do®-be tha-gthi® a-zhi.
eyewater (a wash), i®-shta’ u-thi-k’e.

fail (to), thu-ts’a-ge.
I failed, bthu-ts’a-ge.
you failed, stsu’-ts’a’ge.
we failed, 0®-ga’-thu-ts’a-ga i.
fail to win in a race, u-xtha-zhi.
fail (to) grasp, thi’-kshi2-dse.
I failed to grasp, bthi’-kshi®-dse.
you failed to grasp, ni’-kshi®-dse.
we failed to grasp, 0®-thi’-kshi2-dsa i.
fail (to) get a good grasp, thi’-gtho"-
tha.
I failed to get a good grasp, bthi’-
gtho®-tha.
you failed to get a good grasp,
ni’-gtho"-tha. :
we failed to get a good grasp,
o®-thi’-gtho®-tha i.
fail to understand, no®-thi®.
I fail to understand, a’-no®-bthi*.
you failed to understand, tha-no®-ni.
failure to cut because of a dull
knife, ba’-i"-zhi.
I failed to cut it, ba-a-i" mo®-zhi.
you failed to cut it, ba-tha-i" a-zhi.
faint (to), ts’e.
I faint, a’-ts’e.
you faint, tha’-ts’e.
we faint, o*’-ts’a i.
fairy (a), mi’-wa-gthu-shka.

266

fall (to) into the water, ni-u’-ba-xi.
I fell into the water, ni-u’-pa-xi.
you fell into the water, ni-u’-shpa-xi.
we fell into the water, ni-o®-gu’-
ba-xi i.
Fall (of the year), To.
fall (to), xi’-a-tha.
I fall, a’-xi-btha.
you fall, tha-xi’-shta.
we fall, o®-xi’-tha i.
fall violently, u’-he-ga-zhi u-xpa-the.
fallacious, u’-wa-mo?®-xe-the.
Falls Creek, Kans., Ni’-xe ga-xa
(which see).
false (to be), gi’-wi®-ka-zhi.
I was false, e’-gi-wi2-ka mo®-zhi.
you were false, the’-gi-wi®-ka a-zhi.
false (to make) statement, i-e e-go?-
zhi u-tha-ge.
I made a false statement, i-e e-go2-
zhi u-btha-ge.
you made a false statement, i-e e-go2-
zhi u-shta-ge.
we made false statements, i-e e-go"-
zhi o®-ga-tha-gi o®-ga-to®.
falter (to), a’-k’o"-gi-the.
I falter, a’-k’o™ a-gi-the.
you falter, a’-l’o" tha-gi-the.
we falter, a-k’o"® o®-gi-tha i.
familiar, u-ga’-ts’u-ga.
I am familiar with the woman,
wa-k’u thi" u-wa-ga’-ts’u-ge ha.
family, tsi’-wa-zhu.
famine (a), u’-no®-bthe
(which see).
famished (to be), no®-pe’-hi ts’e.
I am famished, no*-pe’-hi a-ts’e.
you are famished, no®-pe’-hi tha-ts’e.
we are famished, no®-pe’-hi 02-ts’a i.
famous, do®-he’ a-gi-zhi2.
fan (a), i’-ki-a-dsi2.
I have a feather fan, mo®-sho? i’-ki-a-
dsi® wi® a-bthi® ha.
far away, we -hi-dse (which see).
farm (to), wa-thi’-to».
farm (a), mo™-zho»’.
I live on a farm, mo®-zho® a/-a-tsi-
gthe.
you live on a farm, mo®-zho® a’-tha-
tsi-gthe.
we live on a farm, mo*-zho® 0*’-ga-
tsi-gtha i.

i-ts’a-the

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

farsighted, do*’-be the-the.
I am farsighted, to*’-be the-a-the.
you are farsighted, shto™-be the-
tha-the.
we are farsighted, o*-do®’-be the-o»-
tha i.
fast (to), wa-no™-btha-zhi.
I fasted, a-wa’-no®-btha mo2-zhi.
you fasted, wa-tha’-no® btha zhi.
fasten (to) firmly, ¢a’-gi.
fasten, make secure, ¢a-gi’ u-thi-mo*.
I made it secure, ¢a-gi’ u-bthi-mo*.
you made it secure, ¢a-gi’ u-stsi®-
mon.
we made it secure,
thit-mo® i.
fat (to be), shi".
I am fat, 0®-shi®.
you are fat, thi-shi™’.
fat meat, wa-shi».
father (his or hers), i-tha’-dsi.
his father is ill, i-tha’-dsi
hiu-he ga bi a.
father-in-law, ts’a-ge.
fatigue, ga-cki’-ge.
I am fatigued, 0®-a’-cki-ge.
you are fatigued, thi-a’-cki-ge.
fatten (to), shi™ ga-xe.
I fattened the cattle, tse’-cka shi"
Wa-pa-xe.
you fattened the cattle,
shi" wa-shka-xe.
favored (to be), o’-xta.
I am favored, o’-xta o®-gi-tha i ha.
you are favored, o’-xta thi-gi tha ba i
ha.
we are favored, o’-xta a-wa-gi-tha i.
favorite, e-no™ gi-tha-bi; (2) u-zhu
a’-gi-zhi® bi thi=-kshe.
fawn, ta-gthe’-zhe; (2) tsa-gthe’-zhe
zhi®-ga,
fear (to) another, a’-ba-gtha.
I fear him, a’-pa-gtha.
you fear him, a’-shpa-gtha.
we fear him, o®-ga-ba-gtha i.
fear (to) darkness, u-ni’-zhi*.
I fear darkness, u-wa-ni’-zhi*.
fear (to) inherent danger, wa-xthi.
I have a feeling of fear, 0®-wo™’-xthi.
you have a feeling of fear, wa-thi’-
xthi.

¢a-gi’ o®-gu-

a-ka

tse’-cka

LA FLESCHE]
fear (to) bodily harm,
ko’-i-pshe; wa-no®-pe.

I am afraid, wa-no®-a’-pe.

you are afraid, wa-no®-tha’-pe.
fearless, no™-pa-zhi; no*’-pe thi*-ge.

I am fearless, no™-pe o®-thi"-ge.

you are fearless, no®’-pe thi-thi»-ge.

I am fearless, no®-a’-pa mo*-zhi.

you are fearless, no®-tha’-pa-zhi.

we are fearless, no®’-o"-pa ba-zhi.
fearless (to be), wa-sho’-she.

I am fearless, a-wa’-sho-she.

you are fearless, wa-thi’-sho-she.

we are fearless, wa-wa’-sho-sha i.
feast (time of eating), ki’-ku.

IT invited him to a feast, e’-ku.

you invited him to a feast, the’-ku.

you invited them to a feast, we-

the’-ku.

I go to a feast, ki’-ku bthe ha.

you go to a feast, ki’-ku stse ha.

we go to a feast, ki’-ku 0*-ga-tha i ha.
feather (to) an arrow shaft, a’-tha-

, .
no” -pe;

ge.

I feathered an arrow, shaft, mo”-a-
btha-ge.

you feathered an arrow shaft, mo™-
a-shda-ge.

we feathered an arrow shaft, mo”
o*-ga-tha-ga i.
feathers, mo™-sho®.
feathers of an arrow, i-tha’-tha-ge.
feathers, spotted tail, o”-be gthe-

zhe.
feathery, ga-mo™.
February, Ho-ba_ stse-dse (which

see); Mi’-u-ko»-dsi.
fed (to be), u’-k’i-bi.
fee (a). (See salary.)
feed (to), u’-k’i.
feeble eyesight, xi’-dse.
feeble as to strength, u’-ka-wa-the;
(2) o’-ka-wa-the.
feeble state of mind, u’-no"-ts’a-ge
hi.
feel (to) in the water with the foot,
no®’-to®,
I felt in the water with my foot,
a-no®’-to®.
you felt in the water with your foot,
tha-no®’-to2.
we felt in the water with our feet,
o*-no™-to® i.
67025—32——18

OSAGE DICTIONARY

267

feel (to) by poking the ground,
ba-to™.
feet (the), gi tse.
feign (to pretend), go™-ce’.
I feigned (pretended), po-ce.
you feigned (pretended), shko»-c¢e’.
I did not feign a hurt thumb, p2-¢a’
mo*-zhi he no®-be hi u-to®-ga ni-e
a-ki pa-xe te.
felicitate (to), gi-hit’-xa.
I felicitate, a-hi>’-xa.
you felicitate, tha-hi»’-xa.
felon, i’-gtha-no® a-ka.
female, mi-ga’.
femur (thigh bone), wa-zhi’-be u-
tor’-ga.
fence, a’-ba-ta.

I put them on a fence, a’-ba-ta
a-ga-ha a’-a-zhu i” da.
you put them on a fence, a’-ba-ta
a-ga-ha a-tha-zhu it da.
fence breaking, ba-shi-be.
fence breaking by striking, a’-ba-ta
ga-ta-tha.
I broke down the fence, a’-ba-ta
a-ta-tha.
you broke down the fence, a’-ba-ta
tha-ta-tha.

we broke down the fence, a’-ba-ta
o"-ga-ta-tha 1,
fence jumping (hurdle),
a’-u-wi-ci.
fence post, zho*’-bo-¢a.
ferret (a), he’-xthi2.
ferry, ba-dse’ o-pshe tse.
fester (to), xthi.
my hand is festered,
o®-xthi.
fetch (to), a-thi»’-gi.
fetch water, ni’-dsi.
I go to fetch water, ni’-dsi bthe ha.
you go to fetch water, ni’-dsi ne ha.
fetlock (the), a’-ga-zho*.
fetter (to), hi’-ko™-a-ce.
I fettered my horse, ka-wa wi-ta
to® hi-ko®-a-ce pa-xe.
You fettered your horse, ka’-wa thi-
ta to® hi-ko®-a-ce shka-xe.
We fettered our horses, ka’-wa o®-
gu-to" hi-ko®-a-ce o®-ga-xa i.
fever (to have), zhu’ da-ka-dse.
I have a fever, 0”’-ba-da-ka-dse.
you have a fever, da-thi’-ka-dse.

a’-ba-ta

sha’-ge tse

268

feverish (to be), a’-tsi®.
I am feverish, 0*’-tsi®.
you are feverish, a’-thi-tsi*.
we are feverish, wa-tsi® i.
feverish body, zho’-da-ka-de.
few, dsu’-ba.
fib (to), i‘-xo-be.
I fib, 0®-tho”’-xo-be.
you fib, i-thi’-xo-be.
fiddle (a), bagi’-dse.
field (a), u’-we.
cornfield, wa-ha’-ba u-we.
oat field, ka’-wa no®-bthe u-we.
wheat field, wa-mu’-¢ke u-we.
field glass, we’-do®-be.
fiery (spirited), u’-he-ga-zhi.
the horse is fiery, ka’-wa u-he-¢a zhi.
fifteen, a-ghthi® ga-to*.
fifth, we’-ca-to*.
fiftieth, we’-gthe-btho® ¢a-to™.
fifty, gthe’-btho® ga-to*.
fifty cents, ga-shpe’-du-ba; u-ki’-¢te.
fight (to), a’-ki-tha; da-ge’.
I fight, a’-a-ki-btha.
you fight, a’-tha-ki-na.
I fight, a-da-ge’.
you fight, tha-da-ge.
we fight, o®-da’-ga i.
figuratively, i’-e wa-we-ga-¢ko*-the.
filch (to), as to steal, mo®-tho?.
file (to) with a rasp, ba-mo™.
I file, pa’-mo?.
you file, shpa’-mo?.
we file, o®-ba’-mo? i.
file (n.), a steel file, we’-ba-mo?*.
fill (to), u-gi’-pi-ga-xe.
I filled it, u-gi’-pi-pa-xe.
you filled it, u-gi’-pi-shka-xe.
we filled it, u-gi’-pi 0®-ga-xa i.
final, u-thu’-ha-ge.
finally, sho*’-a-ba.
find (to), we’-the.
I have found them, we’-a-the i® da.
you have found them, we’-tha-the
im da.
find (to) something lost,
i’-ki-the.
find (to) for one’s self, i-tha’-ki-the.
fine (good), tha’-gthi*.
fine (payment in court), i’-gtha-no®
wa-gi-shi-be.
finger (index), (1) we’-a-ba-cu; (2)
sha’-ge we-a-ba-cu.
finger nail, sha’-ge ha.

i’-the;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

finger (little), no™-be u-zhi™’-ga.
finger (third), sha’-ge u-ho®-ge.
finger (middle), sha’-ge u-stse’-dse
tse.
fingers (all), sha’-ge u-cga-be.
finish (to), thi-shto™.
I finished, bthi’-shto*.
you finished, stsi-shto®.
finish (to) making, gthi-shto™.
I finished the bow, a-gthi’-shto®
mi®-dse ke.
you finished the bow, tha-gthi’-shto®
mi®-dse ke.
we finished the bow, o®-gthi’-shto" i
mi"-dse ke.
finish (to) building, wa-thi’-shto*.
I finished the house, tsi ga-xe bthi-
shto?.
you have finished the house, tsi
ga-xe stsi-shto*.
fire, pe-dse.
I pushed the wood on the fire,
pe’-dse a-pa-do® a-tha.
firebrand, da’-wi®-xe.
fire flint, mo”;hi*-¢i.
fireplace, u-dse’-the i’
(which see); u-zhe’-tsi.
we have a fireplace in our house,
pe’-dse u-dse-the wi" o®-ga-thi®
i ha.
fire shovel, no®-xthi’-i-thi-ce.
fire tongs, pe-dse i-tha-the-co™-dse.
fireweed, same as firefly.
firefly, wa-da’-xo"-xo*.
children like to catch fireflies, zhi®-ga
zhi®-ga a-ba wa-da’-xo®-xo® u-xthe
gi-tha-gthi.
first, pa-ho™ gthe-the.
first-class, e-no" tha’-gthi*.
fish, ho.
fishback, ho’-no"-ka.
fish bait, to’-zhu.
give me some fish bait, to’-zhu du-ba
o®-k’i o.
fish bladder, ho’-tse-dse-xe.
fish fins, ho’ a-hi*.
fish gall, ho’-pi-ci.

pe-dse-the

fishhook, ho’-u-the-thi*-ge; hu’-i-¢e;
ho’-i-¢i.

fishline, ho’-thi-ce i-ko®-the; hu’-i-
ko®-the.

fish net, hu-i’-thu-se.
fish scales, hu-xi™-ha.
fishtail, hu’-ci2-dse.

LA FLESCHE]

fishing (to go), ho’-o-gtho*.
I invite you to go fishing, ho’-o-gtho®
a-wi-pe.
I am going fishing, he’-o-gtho™ bthe
a-tho.
fist, no"-be’ thi-cki-ge.
I struck him with my fist, no-be’
thi-cki-ge i-tha’-tsi® ha.
you struck him with your fist, no®-be’
thi-cki-ge i’-tha-tsi" ha.
fit (to), e’-tho®-cka.
my shoes do not fit, a’-no®-ta-xi tho
e-o®-tho®-¢ka mo*-zhi ha.
your shoes fit, a’-no®-ta-xi thi-ta
tho® e-thi-tho"-cka ha.
it fits me, e-o®’-tho®-¢cka.
it fits you, e’-thi-tho™-¢ka.
it fits us, e-a’-wa-tho"-cka i.
five spot (playing card), ¢a’-to® a-zhi.
flabbiness, zhu-i-ga u-ga’ wa-wa.
flaccid (limber), a’-zhu-ga-wa.
flag (the), ha-cka’ wa-xthe-xthe (which
see).
flambeau, da’-ko" i-ga-xe.
flames, da’-xthi"; (2) po-e’.
flames caused by the blowing of
the wind, ga-pu’-e.
flask (a), ni-xo’-dse we-u-zhi.
flat (to be), btha’-k’a.
flatboat, ba-dse’ btha-k’a.
flat head, da-dse’ btha-k’a.
flatten (to) with a hammer, ga-
btha’-cka.
I flattened it with a hammer, a’-btha-
cka.
you flattened it with a hammer, tha’-
btha-¢ka.
we flattened it with a hammer, 0®-
ga’-btha-cka 1.
flatten (to) with a plane, ba’-btha-
cka.
flatten (to) by stepping on it,
no®-btha’-cka.
flatten (to) by shooting, bo-btha’-
cka.
flatten (to) by cutting, ba’-btha-k’a.
I flattened it by cutting, ba’-a-btha-
ka.
you flattened it by cutting, ba’-tha-
btha-k’a.
we flattened it by cutting, ba’-o*-
btha-k’a i.
Flat Rock, Okla., Giu-ka’-sha-ge e-go°.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

269

flatter (to), ki’-hi®-xa.
I flatter myself, a-ki’-hi"-xa.
you flatter yourself, tha’-ki-hi®-xa.
we flatter ourselves, o®-ki’-hi®-xa i.
flatterer, wa-hi®-xa-shto*.
flattery, hi®’-xe-go"-¢e.
flay (to), ha-thi-xa’-be.
I flay, ha-bthe’-xa-be.
you flay, ha-ni’-xa-be.
flea (a), wi-ci-ci.
flee (to), ha’-ce.
I flee, a’-ha-ce.
you flee, tha’-ha-ce.
we flee, o®-ha’-¢a i.
fleet (to be), k’o*-ga-gi.
I am fleet (footed), a-k’o"-¢a-gi.
you are fleet (footed), tha-k’o"-ga-gi.
we are fleet (footed), o®-k’o0’-ga-gi.
flesh, ta’-zhu.
fleshing (the act of removing loose
meat from the hide of an ani-
mal), ba’-zha-be.
I am fleshing, pa’-zha-be.
you are fleshing, shpa’-zha-be.
we are fleshing, 0®’-ba-zha-ba i.
flew (past tense of flee), gi-o*’-i-the.
the blackbird flew away: wa-zhi"’-ga
ca-be a-ba gi-o™ a-tha bi a.
flicker (a bird), go-ci-ga. Belongs
to the woodpecker family.
fling (to), o®’-tha i-the-the.
I fling something, o”’-btha the-a-the.
you fling something, o-sda i-the-
tha-the.
filintlock musket, wa-ho’-to®-the
mo’ -ga-zhe-ga e-go" (which see).
Flint Rock Creek, Okla., I’"-cka’-pa-
ci ga-xa.
flirt, i’-xa-shto*.
he is a flirt, ni’-ka-shi-ga she i-xa-
shto® bi a.
you are a flirt, i’-xa-shto™ shni ha.
floating (to), ga-ha’-ha; u-ga’-ha-ha.
leaves are floating about in the
water, zho® a-be u-ga’-ha-ha bi a
ni ke.
floating in the air, ga-mo™-thi*.
flogging, u-tsi®.
you gave a flogging, u-tha’-tsi*.
flood (a), ni-do™.
we had a flood this Spring, be-do"
the thu ni’-do.
floor, a’-no"-ko-ge.

270

floor (wooden), a-no™-ku-ge.
florid (refers to complexion), i*-dse
zhu’-zhu-dse.
flour, wa-bo’-cke.
flourish, gthi’-u-bthi*.
flower, xtha.
flower (white), xtha-cka.
I smell the white flower, xtha-cka
tho® u-bthi-btho:.
you smell the white flower, xtha-
¢ka tho® u-stsi-btho*.
flower (red), xtha zhu-dse.
flower (blue), xtha to.
flower (yellow), xtha-ci.
fluent speaker, i-e’ pi-o".
flute (a), u-bi’-xo".
fluttering, u-thi’-ho®-ho..
fly (to), gi-o™.
fly (to) on or over, a’-gi-o".
it flew over me, 0*’-gi-o®.
it flew over you, a-thi’-gi-o*.
the crow flew over me, ka-xe a’-gi-o®.
fly (common house), ho”’-tse-ga.
foam, bo’-ta-to-xa; (2) ta-to’-xa.
foe (enemy), i’-ci-bi-the; (2) kix’-da-ga
bi-the.
fog, i’-ki-sho-dse.
I was lost in the fog, 0®-wo"-xpa-the
ha, i’-ki-sho-dse ke.
you were lost in the fog, u-thi’-xpa-
the ha, i’ ki-sho-dse ke.
the boat was lost in the fog, ba-dse’
a-ba u-xpa’-tha ha i’-ki-sho-dse ke.
fold (to) a shawl or blanket, a’-ki-
thi-cta.
fold (to), goods, be-to*.
I fold, pe-to*.
you fold, shpe-to*.
we fold, o®-be’-to".
foliage, a’-be.
follow (to), o-tha’-ha.
I follow, o-btha’-ha.
you follow, o-sda’-ha.
follow (to), expressing futurity,
u’-tha-ha.
I shall follow them,
bthe ta mi kshe o.
follow (to) after, u-thu-a’-wa-to".
I follow after him, u-thu-a-wa-to®
a-no"-zhi®.
following the wind, a’-ga-xthe u-ga-
xthe.

u’-btha-ha

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

fond (to be) of, u’-xta-the.
I am fond of that person, u’-xta-a-
the.
you are fond of that person, u’-xta-
tha-the.
fond (to be), as like, 0*’-o-xta.
I like, 0®-0-xta.
you like, thi-o-xta.
fondness for men, ni’-ka i-thi-gtho.
foot (a), Gi.
foot pain, ci’-thi ni-e.
at the foot, u-dse’-ta.
footpath, u-zho’-ge zhi*-ga,
footprint, gi-gthe’; (pl.) u-ci-gthe.
footsteps, ci-thu’-ce; u-ci’-thu-ce; wa’-
ci-thu-ce.
I took footsteps, ¢i-bthu’-c¢e.
you took footsteps, ¢i-stsiu’-ce.
we took footsteps, ¢i-o™’-thu-¢a i.
they took footsteps, ¢i-thu-¢a.
forbear (to), tho*’-zhi-the.
forbid (to), i’-zhu-shi.
I forbid, i-tha’-zhu-shi.
you forbid, i’-tha-zhu-shi.
we forbid, o®-tho®’-zhu-shi i.
force (to), wa-shko®.
force (to) to abandon property, ga-
she’.
I forced him off his property, a’-she.
you forced him off his property, tha’-
she.
we forced him off his property, o-
ga-sha i.
ford (a), o-pshe’.
ford (to), zhu’-he.
I ford the river, zhu’-a-he ni-ke.
you ford the river, zhu’-tha-he ni-ke.
forearm, a-u-btha’-cka; (2) a’-zu-zhi>-
ga.
forebode, foreboding, u’-be-hni.
forehead, i*-dse’-ha; (2) pe.
forelock, »pe-stsu’-dse.
foreman (a), wa-thi’-to™ wa-ga-zhi.
forest (a), o-xtha’-be; (2) u-xtha’-e
ba-ta; (3) zho*-gthe.
foretell (to), u’-be-hni.
I foretold, u-pe’-hni.
you foretold, u-shpe’-hni.
we foretold, 02-gu’-be-hni.
forever, sho-sho2-e.
forget (to), a’-gtho -this.
I forget, a’-a-gtho®-bthi*.
you forget, a’-tha-gtho-ni.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE
forgot, gi-no™-thi"; gi-ci-tha-zhi.
I forgot, a-gi’-ci-tha mo*-zhi.
you forgot, tha-gi’-gi-tha zhi.
we forgot, o®-gi’-gi-thi ba-zhi i.
fork (a), wa-hiu’-k’e zha-ta.
forked, ba-zha’-ge.
forked awl, wa-hiu’-ka zha-ta.
forked tail, o»-be-zha-ta.
formidable, no®-pe-wa-the.
fort (a), a’-ki-da to®-wo".
fortification, same as fort.
fortitude, wa-zhi’-stse-dse.
fortnight, o-ba wa-ko*-da-gi tho-
ba.
fortunate, gi’ e-go".
fortunately, o’-xo-be xtsi.
fortunately I did not go, 0o’-xo-be-
xtsi btha mo*-zhi" ha.
forty, gthe’-btho® do-ba.
forward, wa-ga’-ts’a e-zhi.
four, do’-ba; du’-ba.
four spot (playing cards), do’-ba
a-zhi (which see).
fourteen, a-gthi™ do-ba.
I have fourteen horses,
a-gthi" do-ba wa-bthi?.
you have fourteen horses, sho’-ge
a-gthi® do-ba wa-ni.
fourth, we’ do-ba.
fourth time, we’ do-bi-o.
fowl (of any kind), wa-zhi’-ga.
Fox Indian, ¢a-ge’-wa.
fracas (a disturbance), u’-tsi-zhe.
fracture (a), xthe’-ge.
fragile, xthe’-ge u-mor-ka.
fragrance, btho®-tha’-gthi*.
fragrance (a pleasing), ga-btho™.
fragment, u-shpe’; (2) shpe’ zhi*-ga.
frame house, no”-ha tsi.
frame of a house, hiu’-gthe.
the frame of the house is finished,
tsi tse hiu’-gthe ge thi-shto™ bi a.
fraud, wa-mo”-xe-the.
freckles, i*-dse’ gthe-zhe.
free (to be) from pain, u-tha’-shta-ge.
I am free from pain, o®-wo®-tha-
shta-ge.
you are free from pain, u-thi-tha-
shta-ge.
free will, wa-zhi® i-ta.
I did it of my own free will, wa-
zhi” wi-ta pa-xe.

sho’-ge

DICTIONARY

271

freeze (to) onto something, a’-da.
water freezes on it, ni’ te o®-da ha.
water freezes on you, ni’ te a-thi-da
ha.
freeze (to) to death, ¢ni’-te-ts’e.
the bird froze to death, wa-zhi*-ga
ke eni’-te-ts’e.
frequency, i’-gi-ha.
frequent, same as frequency.
frequented, o-shko™-bi-ge.
fresh, tse’-ga-xtsi.
freshen (to), as placing wood on a
fire, a’-ba-do®.
I freshen the fire, a’-pa-do®.
you freshened the fire, a’-shpa-do?®.
we freshened the fire, 0®’-ga-ba-do? i.
freshet, ni-do™.
we had a freshet this Spring, be-do®
the-thu ni-do™ bi a.
Friday, Ta-tha’-ta-zhi ho®-ba (which
see).
fried bread,
(which see).
friend, i-ko’-tha; ku-tha.
he is my friend, i-ku’-tha wi-ta.
he is your friend, i-ku’-tha thi-ta.
friend to children, wa’-ca-ki-e.
friend (my), wi-ku-tha.
friend (your), thi-ku’-tha.
friendly (to be), tho’-da-the.
frightened (to be), wa-no™-pe.
to frighten an animal, thi’-hi.
I frightened an animal, bthi’-hi.
you frightened an animal, ni’-hi.
we frightened an animal, o®-thi’-
hi i.
frightful, no” -pe-wa-the.
frigid, hni wa’-gthi*.
frill, ga-stse’-stse.
fringe, ga-mi’-mi; (2) wa-hiu’ ga-stse.
frog (a), tse’-biu-k’a.
frog (gray), tse’-biu-k’a xo-dse zhi®-ga.
frog (striped headed), tse’-biu-k’a pa
gthe-ce.
frog (bullfrog), tse’-biu-k’a ni-zhiu
a-xa.
from that time, e-dsi to®-do*.
from here, the’-ga-to*.
frontier, mo®-zho™ u-ki-ho*-ge.
front (to the), i-to™’-thi-a-ta.
frost, xe’-mo*-ge.
froth, ta-to’-xa.
frown, pe-thi-thi’-cke.

wa-dsiu’-e ga-stse e

272

frowzy, he’-xpa.
the woman has a frowzy head, wa-
k’u a-ka ta-xpe tho" he’-xpa bi a.
frozen, da.
I am frozen, o®-da’.
you are frozen, thi-da’.
we are frozen, wa-da’ i.
(2) my ears are frozen, no®-ta tse
o®-da.
your ears are frozen, no®-ta tse
thi-da.

gain, u-kshe’-to".
galaxy, wa-ci -da u-zho"-ge.
gale (a windstorm), ta-dse’ ga-gi.
gallant, wa-sho’-she.
gallon, we’-ga-xto® ni.
gallop (to), no”’-ge.
I galloped, a-no”’-ge.
you galloped, tha-no”’-ge.
we galloped, o®-no’-ga i.
gamble (to), k’o0®; i’-k’o".
I gamble, a’-k’o".
you gamble, tha’-k’o*.
we gamble, 0"-wo™-k’o”.
I go to gamble, a-k’o" bthe ha.
you go to gamble, tha-k’o™ stse ha.
we go to gamble, o®-k’o0" 02-ga-tha i.
gangrene, zhe-ga’ xthi-ba-the.
gap (as an opening), u-k’a’-be.
gap in a ridge (1) a’-thi"-¢cki-da; (2)
cki’-da.
garage, u-thi’-to®-tha u-no®-zhi".
garfish, (1) hu-pa’-ci stse-e; (2) ho-pa’-
cu stse-e (which see).
gargle (to), ni-u’-tha-thu-zhe.
I gargled, ni-u’-btha-thu-zhe.
you gargled, ni-u’-shta-thu-zhe.
we gargled, ni-o®-gu’-tha-thu-zha i.
garlic, mo®-zho”-xe (which see).
garments, wa’-tha-ha.
garrote, do’-dse u-thi®-ge.
garrulity, i’-ha u-tsi.
garter, hiu’-i-ni.
gas, e-wa’-zhi" po-e. (See ta-dse’ po-e.)
we burn gas, e-wa-zhi™ po-e pe-dse
o"-tho® ga-xe no” bi a.
you cook with gas, e-wa’-zhi" po-e wi
u-tha-ho® no® bi a.
gas well, e-wa/-zhi" po-e ni hni.
a gas well is on my land, e-wa’-zhi®
po-e ni-hni wi? mo®-zho® tho®-di
a-bthi" ha.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

frugal, da-do’-u-she.

fruit, wa-cki’-the.

full, u-gi’-pi.

funeral, wa-xe’.

fur, b12:

furnace, tsi-u-da’-stsu-e ga-xe.
furniture, tsi-u-thu-ga we-ki-k’o*.
furrow, u-thi’-xthu-xtha.

futile, e’-go" tho®-ta-zhi.

future (the), i-tho™-tha-ha.

G

gash (to), thi’stse’-ge.
I gash, bthi’-stse-ge.
you gash, ni’-stse-ge.
gash (skin with a knife), ba’-stse-ge.
gash (skin repeatedly), ga-stse’-stse-
ge.
gather (to) together, thi-thi’-cki.
I gathered together, bthi’-thi-¢ki.
you gathered together, stsi’-thi-¢ki.
gather (from the ground), ba-hi’.
I gathered from the ground, pa-hi’.
you gathered from the ground, shpa’-
hi.
we gathered from the ground, o?-
ba/-hi i.
gaunt, xtha-zhi"’-ga.
gelding, sho®-dse’ thi®-ge; (2) ka’-wa-
sho®-dse thi®-ge.
genealogy, u’-thu-da ki-the.
general (military title),
wa-to®-ga.
generate (to), zhi™-ga-to*.
generous, do”’-he; (2) gi’-wa-xthi-zhi;
(3) wa-ga’-the-shto*.
he is a generous man, ni’-ka-shi-ga
gi-wa-xthi-zhi bi a.
gentle, wa-shta’-ge; wa-ts’e-ga.
the horse is gentle, ka’-wa a-ka wa-
ts’e-ga bi a.
genuine, wi”’-ke.
gesticulate (to), wa-we’-k’u-tse.
gesture, wa-we’-k’u-tse.
get up, no™-zhi"ou.
ghost, wa-no”’-xe i"-gtho™-xe.
gills, ho-i’ tha-ge.
gimlet, we’-u-thi-k’u-dse.
gingham, ha-cka’.
gird (to), pi’-tha-to™.
girdle, i’-pi-tha.
girth, thiu’-e-i-thu-¢ta-ge.

a’-ki-da

LA FLESCHE]

give (to), k’i; wa-k’i’.
I give, a-k’i.
you give, tha-k’i.
(2) I give, a’-wa-k’i.
give (to me), o?-k’i.
give away, da-do™ ga-the; k’u.
I gave away a horse, ka’-wa wi® pa-

the.

you gave away a horse, ka’-wa wi"
shka’-the.

We gave away a horse, ka’-wa wi®
o®-ga-tha i.

gizzard, wa-da’-u-zhi.
gladden (to), gi’-cu ga-xe.
it gladdened my heart, tho»’-dse wi-
ta gi-gu-shka-xe ha.
glade, u-xtha’-be u-ko®.
gladness, u’-gi-cu. ©
glancing blow, ga-kshi*’-dse.
I struck a blow that glanced away,
a’-kshi2-dse.
you struck a blow that glanced away,
tha’-kshi"-dse.
we struck a blow that glanced away,
o®-ga’-kshi®-dsa i.
glanders, pa-xthi™ a-ctu-e.
glare (of the sun), a’-da-xi-dse.
the glare of the sun hurts my eyes,
in-shta’ wi-ta a’-da-xi-dse 0 ®-ni’-e
ha.
glass, i’®-ko®-ba.
glen, u-k’u’-be zhi"-ga.
glisten (to), thi-gthi’-gthi-e.
globular, da’-pa.
glorify (to), tha-do™-he.
glossy hair, hi»’-co-dse.
the horse has glossy hair, ka-wa
a-ka hi®’-co-dsa bi a.
gloves, sha’-ge u-thi-xtha.
glue, hi®’-pa; (2) wa’-tha-cta; (3) we’-
tha-c¢ta.
glued, a’-tha-cta.
glutton, do’-dse-ha; wa-no"’-bthe to-
ga.
gnarled (like an old tree), u-thi-
btha.
gnash (to), hi-tha’-gi-gi-dse.
gnash (to) with teeth, hi’-ke a-tha-
cgo-dse.
go (to), the.
I go, bthe.
you go, stse.
we go, 0®-ga’-tha i.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

273

go (to)—continued.
I ordered him to go, the’ a-a-ga-zhi.
you ordered him to go, a-tha-ga-zhi.
go (to) across country, a’-thi-ta.
(Om. same.)
I went across country, a’-thi-ta bthe.
you went across country, a’-thi-ta
stse.
we went across country, a’-thi-ta
o*®-ga-tha 1.
go (to) after something, a’-gi-the.
go (to) after something belonging

to one’s self, a’-gthe-ge mo»-
thit o.

I have been after it, a’-gtha-ge pshi a
tho.

go (to) after wood, zhot k’i2,
go (to) and see, wa-do”-be mo®-thi® o.
go (to) forth regardless of danger,
ga-sho”’-tha.
go (to) from house to house, a’-pshe.
go (to) home, gthe; mo2-thi® o.
I go home, a-gthe’ a-tho.
You go home, tha-gthe’ a-tho.
go (to) out, a’-she-the.
I am going out, a’-shi-bthe.
you are going out, a’-shi ne a-tha.
we are going out, a’-shi o*-ga-tha ia
tho.
goal (as in football), u-ki’-dse.
God, Wa-ko»’-da.
gold money, mo”’-ce-cka ci.
gone, the.
I have not gone, btha’-mo®-zhi®.
when all have gone, thi-u’-dse do".
gone home, kshi-gthe’.
to have gone, hi-the’.
gnat, i*-shta’ u-thi-ho®-ho*.
good, tha’-gthi*.
a good voice, ho tha’-gthi2.
a good blanket, ha-xi® tha’-gthi2.
gooseberries, pe’-ci-ga.
gopher, mo?®-thi»’-ga.
gopher hill, mo®-ba’-tsi-he.
gorilla, hiu’-dse to®-ga.
the gorilla frightened me, hiu’-dse
to*-ga a-ka o®-ba ha-tha bi a.
gosling, mi’-xa sha-be zhi®-ga.
gourd, i’-ni-i-zhe.
gourmand, do’-dse-ha.
grab (to), u-thi’-ge.
to grasp.)
gradual, xthi’-zhi go*-tha.

(For parts see

274

gradually, same as gradual.
grain, u-¢u’.
granary, ha’-ba tsi.
grand, wax-ka’-da-zhi.
grandchild, zhi*-ga u’-wa-ki-ho*.
& my grandchild, wi-tsu’-shpa.
| my dear grandchild, wi-tsu’-shpa zhi
Lg xtsi tho (woman speaking).
» my grandchild, shpa-tho™ he (woman
speaking).
grandee, ni’-ka do®-he.
grandfather, i-tsi’-go.
my grandfather, wi-tsi’-go.
your grandfather, thi-tsi’-go.
grandmother, wi-ko’; i-ko’.
my grandmother, i’-ko-e.
your grandmother, thi-ko’.
granite (colored), i’" zhu-dse.
grapes, ha’-ci.
I like red grapes,
o*-tha-gthi® ha.
grapes (fox), ha’-ci xo-dse.
grapevine, ha’-ci hi.
grasp (to), u-thi»’-ge.
I grasp, u-bthi*’-ge.
you grasp, u-stsi®’-ge.
we grasp, o®-gu’-thi®-ga i.
grass, pe’-she; mo®-hi™; xa’-dse.
I pulled the grass, xa‘-dse ke bthi-sda.
you pulled the grass, xa’-dse ke
ni-sda.
grass (buffalo), mo*-hi™ btho®-¢e.
grasshopper, da-da’-ge; i®-shta’ xi"
da-da-ce (which see).
grasshopper (great green), da-da’-ce
ho to®-ga.
grateful, we’-hno®; we’-shno?.
I am grateful, we-a-hno*.
you are grateful, we-tha’-hno?.
gratification, gi’-do"-he.
gratified, we’-no®-de.
gratitude, u’-we-hno®.
the man expressed his gratitude,
ni’-ka-shi-ga we-hno™ ai ha.
grave, wa-xe’.
gravel, i’™ zhi®-ga.
gravy, wa-dsu’-dse.
gray, xo’-dse.
gray fox, mo” -zhi" tha-gthi*.
gray horse, ka’-wa xo-dse.
grayish, xo’-de.
gray oak, zho” xu-dse.
graze (to), wa-ba’-hi.

ha’-cgi zhu-dse

(See to hold).

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

grazing, same as to graze.
the horses are grazing, ka’-wa a-ka
wa-ba’ hi bi o.
grease, we’-gthi. (See petroleum.)
grease for the hair, i’-¢da-the.
grease (to), gna’-the.
I grease, ¢na’-a-the.
you grease, gna’-tha-the.
grease paint, we’-cda-the.
greasy, tho’-tho.
great, gtho’-the.
Great Dipper, Wa’-ba-ha. R)
greatly, wa’-gthi.
greatness, gtho”’-the.
green, to’-ho.
greet (to), (m. sp.) ha-we’; (w. sp.)
ha-ve’.
gregarious, u-ba’-tse a-ki-gtha thi®.
grenadier, a’-ki-da.
greyhound (small
pa-zhi®-ga.
grief, gi-ho™ a-zhi.
grimace, i®-dse’-thi pi-zhi.
grin (a), i’-xa zhi®-ga.
grip (to hold fast), ca-gi’ u-thi"-ge.
I held it fast, ga-gi’ u-bthi-ge.
you held it fast, ga-gi’ u-stsi2-ge.
we held it fast, ¢a-gi’ o®-gu-thi®-ga i.
grippe, hu’-xpe-pi-zhi.
gristle, xi’-xi-ni.
gristmill, ho-we-tsi.
I went to the gristmill, ho’-we tsi tse
pshi.
you went to the gristmill, ho’-we
tsi tse shi ha.
grizzly bear, mi*’-tsu.
groan, i’-ga-to®.
I groan, i-tha’-ga-to™.
you groan, i’-tha-ga-to®.
we groan, o®-tho"-ga-to" 1.
grocery, u’-no®-bthe.
groin, i-tsi’-wa-shko?.
grooves in arrow shafts, mo*-thu-
gthe-ce.
grope, u-xpa’-the.
I groped, 0®-wo”’-xpa-the.
you groped, u-thi’-xpa-the.
we groped, u-wa’-xpa-tha i.

nose), sho

ground, mo?-i»’-ka; to™’-de.

ground wasp, ho®-be’ u-pe (which
see).

group, ba-tse’.

LA FLESCHE]

grove, pa’-xpe; (2) u-xtha’-be; u-xtha’-e
ba-ta.
grow (to), no™.
grow in ponds, ¢a’-btha-cka.
grow to maturity, no® a-tha.
I have grown to maturity, a’-no"

a-tha,

you have grown to maturity, tha-
no” a-tha.

we have grown to maturity, o2-no™
bi a a-tha.

growl (to), xthir.
the dog growled, sho™-ge a-ka xthi®
bi a.
to cause an animal to growl by
poking with a stick, ba-hu’-to2.
grudge, ki-ki’-zhi*.
gruel (made of corn), wa-dsu’-dse.
guaranty, wa-we -no"-xe to.
guard (a wrist support), a’-ko"-ta.
guard (to), a’-do"-be.
the dog watches the house, sho’-ge
a-ka tsi tse a-do®-ba i ha.
guardhouse, ho"-no"-pa-ce tsi.
guardian (one who guards), da’-i-
tha do®-be.
my guardian, da’-i-tha do™-be wi-ta
a-ka.
your guardian, da’-i-tha do®-be thi-ta
a-ka.
guardian of things, da-we-gi’ do®-be.
guess (to), wa-tha’-dse.
guest, i’-ki mo™-thi2.
I have a guest, i’-ki-mo*-thit wi?
o*-ta-pe a-tsi bi a.

habit, o’-k’o"; (2) u’-shko®.
habitually, shto*.
hack to pieces, ga-shpa-shpa.
I hacked it to pieces, a’-shpa-shpa.
you hacked it to pieces, tha’-shpa-
shpa.
we hacked it to pieces, o®-ga’-shpa-
shpa i.
hackberry, go"-be’.
hackberry tree, go"-be’ hi.
haggard, xtha.
hailstone, ba’-cu (which see).
hair, bi"; (2) pa-xi*.
hair on man’s head, pa-hiu’.
hair of the head, ni-zhu’-ha.
hair on temples, a’-cku.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

275

guest—continued.
you have a guest, i’-ki-mo®-thi® wi®
thi-ta-pe a-tsi bi a.
guided, thi-tho’-to»,
I guided, bthi’-tho-to2.
you guided, ni’-tho-to™.
we guided, o0*-thi’-tho-to® i.
guilt, i’-gtha-no*.
guiltless, i’-gtha-no® thi"-ge.
guilty, i’-gtha-no*.
he is guilty, i’-gtha-no" bi tse gi’-
ho®-a-zhi" wa-gthi® bi a.
gulch, u-k’u’-be.
gullet, do’-dse; we’-tha-hni.
gulp (to), tha-hni’.
I gulped, btha’-hni.
you gulped, na’-hni.
we gulped, o®-tha’-hni i.
gumboil, hi-pe’ ni-e.
I have a gumboil, hi-pe’ ke 0”-ni-e.
gum plant, mi’-ta o-ga-xthe.
gums, hi-pe’ thiu’-zha.
gum weed, zha’-pa.
gun, wa-ho’-to®-the (which see).
the gun exploded, wa-ho’-to®-the
a-ka da’-po-ki-bi o.
gun (breech-loading), wa-ho’-to-the
u-ba-xo8,
I polished my gun, wa-ho’-to™-the
a-gi pi-tsi-ga.
gunpowder, wa-ho’-to®-the ni-xo-dse;
(2) mo*’-ce ni-xo-dse.
gun wad, mo”’-ca-ga ts’u.
gutter, same as gulch.
gypsum, mo”-i"-ka ¢ka.

so

haircut, ba-shta’.
hairless, shta.
hair pulling, thi-pa’-ce.
hairy, hi®’-shko®-be.
hale, o’-ga-she thi"-ge.
half, u-ki’-stse; u-ki-cte.
half-moon, mi’-o"-ba a-thi-ge-zhe.
half-witted, ts’e-ga.
halo, mi’-u-bthi-wi*.
halter, in-dse’ u-gtha (which see).
the horse broke the halter, ka’-wa
a-ka i"-dse u-gtha thi-ba-xo" bi a.
halter strap, we’-thi*.
halve (to), as to cut in two parts,
tho"-ba’-ha ga-xe.
I made two parts, tho®-ba’-ha pa-xe,

276

halve (to), as to cut in two parts—

continued.

you made two parts, tho®-ba’-ha
shka-xe.

we made two parts, tho®-ba’-ha
o0*-ga-xa i.

hamlet, to®’-wo® zhi®-ga.
hammer, we’-u-ga-do®; (2) we’-ga-¢ta;
(3) ga-¢ta.
hamper, hi®’-de mo®-zho-zhe.
hamstring, hi’-ko®-i-no®-do*,
hand, no®-be’, sha’-ge.
hand (left), no"-be’ tha-ta tse.
hand (the palm), no"-be’ u-tho®-da.
hand (right), no®-be’ i-sdo-ge tse.
my hand is swollen, sha’-ge tse
o*®-tho®-ba.
handcuff (to), ba-xtse’.
I handcuffed (him), pa’-xtse.
you handcuffed (him), shpa’-xtse.
we handcuffed (him), 0®-ba’-xtsa i.
handle (of an ax), i’-ba.
handkerchief, ha-gthe’-zhe wa-tha-ge.
I lost my handkerchief, ha-gthe’-
zhe wa-tha-ge 0°-wo®-xpa-the mi®-
kshe o.
handsaw, we’-ba-tse; we’-ba-ce (which
see).
handsome (refers to looks), ni’-ka-
o-ta-ca; (2) u-ta-ca.
hang (to), as hanging to dry, u’-ba-
tsi-zhu.
hang (to) on a peg, u-ba-tsi-gtho.,
_ IT hung (his hat) on a peg, u-ba’-tsi-a-
gthor.
he hung his hat on a peg, u-ba’-tsi
i) gi-gthos.
hanker (to), wa-tho"™ -dse-shi.
I hanker, wa-tho -dse-o®-shi.
you hanker, wa-tho’-dse u-thi-shi.
happened, wo”-cka.
what has happened? ha’-go-e.
happiness, u’-gi-cu.
happy, gi’-cu; shka-shka’-tho.
I am happy, o-cu,.
you are happy, thi’-cu.
we are happy, wa’-cu i.
harangue (of an abusive nature),
i’-e wa-tha-zhu-zhi.
hard, ¢a’-gi.
hard part of a wing, a-hi® u-ca’-gi.
harden (to) by heat, da’-ca-ge.
I caused the meat to be hardened by
heat, ta-tho® da’-ca-ge a-the.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

harden (to) by heat—continued.
you caused the meat to be hardened
by heat, ta-tho" da’-ca-ge tha-the.
we caused the meat to be hardened
by heat, ta-tho® da’-ca-ge o®-tha i.
hard-hearted (to be), tho®’-dse ¢a-gi.
hardly, u’-xo-be-xtsi.
hardship, u’-gi-tse-xi.
we met with hardship, u’-gi-tse-xi
o”’-ga zho®-gi-tha bi a.
hardware, mo”’-ce we-ki-k’o® tsi.
harelip, i’-ha zha-ta.
the boy has a _ harelip, shi®’-to
zhi®-ga a-ka i’-ha zha-ta i ha.
harken (to), a’-no®-k’o2,
I harken, a’-a-no®-k’o*.
you harken, a’-tha-no®-k’o2.
we harken, 0*-ga-k’o® i.
harlot, wa-k’o’ no®-ho.
harmful, u’-gi-ho™ a-zhi.
harness, ka’-wa-we-ki-gthi*.
harvest, wa-gthu’-ce; (2) wa-ci-da.
harvest fly, ba’-tho.
harrow (a), mo®-i®’-ka i-thi shto®-ga.
hasten (to), hi’-dse-the.
I hasten, hi’-dse-a-the.
you hasten, hi’-dse-tha-the.
we hasten, hi’-dse-o®-wo®-tha, i.
hasten (to), thi-to-ge.
I hasten, bthi-to-ge a-gthe.
you hasten, shni-to’-ge tha-gthe.
hasten (go quickly), wo®-go™ tha
thi ho.
hasten (to), u-no®-xthi2.
I hasten, u-no®-xthi® pa-xe.
you hasten, u-no®-xthi® shka-xe.
we hasten, u-no®-xthi" 0®-ga-xa i.
hat o’-gtho-ge; (2) u’-gtho"-ge.
hatchet, i’-tsi.
hate (to), wa’-gthi i-ci; i’-gi.
I hate, i-tha’-ci.
you hate, i’-tha-ci.
we hate, 02-tho”’-¢i i.
hateful, wa’-ba-ko®-e-wa-the.
hatred, wa-we’-ci.
haul (to), wa-to’-gtho"; to’-gtho?.
I hauled the goods, wa-tor
to-a-gtho2.
you hauled the goods, wa-to”
to-tha-gtho®.
we hauled the goods, wa-to™
to’-o®-gtho® i,
haunch, ta-ko’-i-dse; (2) ni’-dse.

tse

tse

tse

LA FLESCHE]

have (to), a-thi™.
I have, a-bthi™.
you have, a-ni’.
we have, o®-ga‘-thi" i.
I have them, wa’-bthi®.
you have them, wa’-ni.
I have mine, a’-gtha-bthi.
you have yours, a-tha’-gtha-ni.
we have ours, 0°-ga’-gtha-thi" i.
hawk (to), as to clear the throat, hu’-
xpe.
I cleared my throat, hu’-a-xpe.
you cleared your throat, hu’-tha-xpe.
we cleared our throat, hu’-o®-xpa i.
hawk (red-tailed), i*’-be-ci-ga; o”’-
be-ci-ga.
hawk (fork-tailed), 0*’-be-zha-ta.
hay, pe’-zhe.
hayrake, mo®-hi" i-thi-be-xi*.
hazard, i’-ko-i-pshe.
haze, i’-ki-sho-dse.
hazelnut, o®.
he, e.
head, pa.
head (of a man or animal), we’-
thi-xthi.
headache, we’-thi-xthi ni-e.
head first, ba-ts’i»’.
headlong, same as head first; (2)
u’-he-ca-zhi u-xpa-the.
head or source of a river, u-ho"-ge.
head of a stream, bo’-de-k’a-gthe.
heal (to), gi-ni’ ga-xe.
I healed it, gi-ni’ pa-xe.
you healed it, gi-ni’ shka-xe.
we healed it, gi-ni’ o"-ga-xa i.
healthy, u’-ga-she thi"-ge.
hear (to), no®-k’o".
I hear, a’-no®-k’o*.
you hear, tha’-no®-k’o®.
we hear, o®-no™-k’o" i.
hear (to) them, wa-no?-k’o".
I hear them, a-wa’-no®-k’o*.
you hear them, wa-tha’-no"-k’o*.
we hear them, 0®-wo"-no®-ko® i.
go and hear them (a command),
wa-no"-k’o® mo®-thi® o.
hearken (to), a’-no"-k’o".
I hearken, a’-a-no"-k’o".
you hearken, a’-tha-no®-k’o",.
we hearken, 0° -ga-no"-k’o".
hearsay, u-no”-k’o*.
heart, tho’-dse; no”’-dse.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

277

heartache, tho»’-dse ni-e.
I have a heartache, tho»’-dse a-ni-e.
heart sac, no®-dse’ u-thi-xi*.
heart shock, no”’-dse u-thi-¢go®-ha.
hearth, u-dse’-the.
hearts (in deck of cards), ni’-de-a-wi®.
hearty, o’-ga-she thi"-ge.
heat (from fire or sun), a’-da-ka-dse.
heat, for drying, da’-biu-ce.
heaves, u’-niu-xi-xi.
heavy, cki’-ge.
heavy object falling on a person,
a’ -ga-cpe.
heels, gi-the’-dse.
heifer, tse-cka’ mi-ga zhi®-ga.
height, ba-do™.
height (same), go"-ce ki-to®-ha.
the two men are the same height,
ni-ka’ no®-ba she a-ka go®-ce-ki-
to®-ha bi’a.
height (equally as tall), e’-to"-ha.
he is as tall as I am, e’-0"-to®-ha.
he is as tall as you are, e’-thi-to™-ha.
he is as tall as we are, e’-a-wa-to®-ha i.
help (to), u-wi’-ko2.
I helped him, u-we’-ko2.
you helped him, u-the’-ko®.
we helped him, 0®-gu’-wi-ko? i.
helve, mo”’-hi®-¢pe i-ba.
henceforth, the-to™-ha the-the.
henceforth do as I say, the-to™-ha
the-the e-de pshe tse e-go" ko®-
btha ha.
herd (to) cattle or sheep, sho’-ka-to.
herd (of cattle), u-ba’-tse.
my father has a large herd of cattle,
i2-da-dsi a-ka tse-cka u-ba’-tse hiu
wa-thi" bi a.
here (at this place), the-ga.
here (in this land), mo*-zho® the-ga.
here and there, gtha’-gtha-gthe.
meet me here at this place, the’-tho
o®-tha-ki-pa te ha.
from here, the’-ga to".
hermit (a), ku’-zhi a-ha mo®-thi®; (2)
o’-ko"-dse tsi-gthe.
hernia, tse’-ce btha-ce.
hero, ni’-ka-do"-he.
heron, ta’-thu-shu-zhe.
hers, i-ta’.
hesitate {to), a’-k’o" gi-the; the’-tse
gi-wa tse-xi.
I hesitate, a’-k’o" a-gi-the.

278

hesitate (to)—continued.
you hesitate, a’-k’o" tha-gi-the.
we hesitate, a’-k’o" o”’gi-tha i.
why do you hesitate? ha-to® the’-tse
thi-wa-tse-xi a.
hew (to), ga-go’.
I hewed (the) wood, zho® ke a’‘go®.
you hewed (the) wood, zho® ke tha’-
gor.
we hewed (the) wood, zho” he 0®-ga‘-
go" i.
hibernating (as does the bear), wa-
ca’-be ni-dse wa-¢pe.
hiccup, do’-ckiu.
I have the hiccups, do’-gkiu mo®
ha.
you have the _ hiccups,
zho® ha.
Hickory Creek, Okla., Zho’-xe-ga
u-gthi®; Ca’-gthu hi u-gthe.
hickory tree, ga’-gthu hi.
hickory tree (large), po™-to® a-hi.
hickory nut, po" to™-ga.
hide, bi-¢pe’.
hide (behind something), u-thu’-ki-
¢o®-thi2.
hide (put away), a’-no®-xthe.
I shall hide that, a’-a-no"-xthe ta me
kshe o.
hide one’s self, i’-ki-no®-xthe.
I am hiding, i-tha’-ki-no®-xthe.
you are hiding, i’-tha-ki-no®-xthe.
we are hiding, 0®-tho’-ki-no®-xtha i.
hideous, no™’-pe e-wa-the; (2) no*’-pe
wa-the.
hides (of animals), wa-ha’.
hie, xi"’-tha-tha.
high, mo”-shi’-a-dsi.
hill, a’-ba-do; ba-xu’.
hillock, same as knoll.
hilltop, pa-ci’.
hilly, ba-zhu’-zhu; (2) thi-gi’-gi-xe.
my land is hilly, mo®-zho”™ wi-ta tho®
thi-gi’-gi-xe ha.
hind quarters of beef, ta-pe-shta
e-go"; (2) zhu’-gtho” sha-be.
hinder (to), shko®-zhi ga-xe.
I hindered him from going, ni’-ka-
shi-ga to® shko®-zhi pa-xe.
you prevented the man from going,
ni’-ka-shi-ga to® shko®-zhi shka-
xe.
we prevented the man from going,
ni’-ka-shi-ga to® shko*’-zhi o®-ga-
xa i.

do’-¢kiu

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

hip bone, ¢it-dse hi.
hips, ni’-dse.
hireling, wa-shi’.
his, i-ta’.
hit (to) against, i’-ki-tsi.
hives (an itching of the skin), ki-
gthi’-k’i-tha.
ho (an exclamation), ha
hoard (to), wa-pi’-zhi.
I hoard, wa-pi’-a-zhi.
you hoard, wa-pi’-tha-zhi.
we hoard, wa-pi’-o"-zhi i.
hoar frost, xe’-mo"-ge.
hoarse, hu’-xi-de.
I am hoarse, hu’-o®-xi-de.
you are hoarse, hu’-thi-xi-dse.
hoarse (to be) from speaking, hu’-
tha-xi-dse.
I am hoarse, hu’-btha-xi-dse.
you are hoarse, hu’-stsa-xi-dse.
we are hoarse, hu’-o®-tha-xi-dsa i.
hobble, hi’-ko®-i-thi-ce.
hoe (to) snow, ga-dsi’.
I hoed the snow, a’-dsi.
you hoed the snow, tha’-dsi.
we hoed the snow, o®-ga’-dsi i.
hoe (to) the ground, a’-ga-k’u.
I hoed the ground, a’-a-ga-k’u.
you hoed the ground, a’-tha-ga-k’u.
we hoed the ground, o*’-ga-ga-k’u i.
hoe (a garden tool), mo”-ce-e.
hog, ko-ko-gi.
hoggish, ko’-ko-¢a e-go™.
hold (to), u-thi’-ge; u-tho™.
hold (to) back, a’-ba-t’u.
hold (to) fast, ca-gi’ u-thi-ge.

I held him fast, ¢a-gi’-u-bthi-ge.
you held him fast, ga-gi’-u-stsi®-ge.
hold (to) firmly with the teeth,

a’-tha-co®-dse.
I held it firmly with my teeth, hi-ke
no®-be-te a-btha-co"-dse.
you held it firmly with your teeth,
hi-ke-no®-be-te a-shda-¢o®-dse.
hole, u-k’u’-dse.
hole (gopher), mo®-sho»’-dse.
hollow (a), u-xtho’-k’a.
hollow in a log, xthu’-a; (2) xthu’-k’a.
Holy, Wa-ko”’-da-gi.
home, u-ki.
I have a good home, u-ki tha-gthi?
xtsi a-to™ ha.
home (a place to dwell), u-tsi’.
homeliness, u-ta’-ca-zhi.
homely, same as homeliness.

LA FLESCHE]

homesickness, wa-we'’-gi-shi-ge.
nostalgia.)

homestead, mo®-zho™ wa-shpe-e-zhi.

homicide, tho’-da wa-ts’e-the.

Hominy, Okla., Co-dseu’-gthi
(which see).

hominy (hulled corn), wa-da’ zhu-e.

hone (a), mo”-hi® i-thi-mo*.

honest, u’-thu-to"; (2) wa’-tho-to".

I am honest, wa-tho’-to® bthi= da.

you are honest, wa-tho’-to™ stsi da.

we are honest, wa-tho’-to” o0*-thi i.
honeybee, ki-gtho®’-xe-u-mo® zho®-ni.
honeycomb tripe, u-gthe’-zhe.
hoodwink, mo”-xe’-the.
hoof (horse’s), ka’-wa ¢i’-ha.
hook shaped, ts’i"-sha.
hop (to), he’-shka-shka-tho*.

I hopped, he’-shka-shka-tho" bthe

ha.

you hopped, he’-shka-shka-tho® stse

ha.

we hopped, he’-shka-shka-tho® o"-ga-

tha i.
hopeless, ki-xi’-tha.

I am hopeless, a-ki’-xi-btha.

you are hopeless, tha-ki’-xi-sda.

we are hopeless, o®-ki’-xi-tha i.
horizon, mo®-zho®-u-ho”-ge; (2) mo®-

zho”’-ko®-ha.
horn, he.
horned owl, i’-to".
hornet, wa-ba’-ci-ge
see).
horrible, no™-pe wa-the.
horse, ka’-wa.

I led my horse, ka’-wa a-gthi-xu-e.
horse feed, ka’-wa-wa-no®-bthe.
horsefly, zho™’-gthi-shka.

black horsefly, zho*’-gthi-shka ga-be.

green-headed horsefly, zho*’-gthu-

shka pa to-ho (which see).

large horsefly, zho™-gthi-shka to®-ga.
horsemint, ni’-dsi-da.
horseshoe, mo”’-ce gi a-ba-cta.
hospitable, gi’-hi do®-he.
hospital, hiu’-he-ga tsi.

we took him to the hospital, hiu’-

he-ga-tsi ta o®-ga-thi o®-ga-hi bi a.
hostile, tho’-da-zhi.
hot (with a fever), ba-da’-ka-dse.
hot (to be), da-ka-dse.

I am hot, o®’-da-ka-dse.

(See

ga-be (which

OSAGE DICTIONARY

279

hot (to be)—continued.
you are hot, a’-thi-da-ka-dse.
we are hot, da-wa-ka-dsa i.
hot day, mo”-stse.
hot water, ni-da’-ka-dse.
hot weather, same as hot day.
is very hot weather, mo”-stse wa-
gthir.
hotel (American plan), wa-no*®’-bthe
tsi.
hour (an), mi-u’-tha-ga u-ta-no?®.
house (anything set up for shelter),
tsi.
my house, tsi wi-ta.
your house, tsi thi-ta.
I keep house, tsi a-gthe.
House of God, Wa-ko”’-da tsi.
I entered the House of God, Wa-
kox’-da tsi tse u-wa’-pe.
you entered the House of God, Wa-
ko»’-da tsi tse u-tha-pe.
We entered the House of God, Wa-
ko»’-da tsi tse o®-gu’-pa bi a.
house of an officer, a’-ki-da tsi.
house (rear of), tsi da-ce.
house of refuge, tsi’ u-ha-ce.
household, tsi’-wa-zhu.
housetop, tsi’-i-ta-xe.
house (brick), 7?" zhu-dse i-tsi.
I live in a brick house, i’
wi® u-wa-gthi» ha.
however, e-go™ tho*-zha.
huge, gtho’-the wa-gthi".
I saw huge trees, xtha-be gtho»’-the
wa-gthi® to"-be ha.
hull (to), thi’-zhu-e.
I hull, bthi-zhu-e.
you hull, ni-zhu-e.
we hull, 0®-thi’-zhu-e.
hull (to) by pounding, ga-zhu’.
I hull (walnuts) by pounding, a’-zhu.

zhu-dse

you hull (walnuts) by pounding,
tha’-zhu.
we hull (walnuts) by pounding,

o®ga-zhu i.
human, ni’-ka-shi-ga e-go".
humble, wa-xpa’-thi ki-the (which
see).
humiliated, thi’-zhu-a-zhi.
I humiliated him, bthi’-zhu-mo*-zhi.
you humiliated him, ni’-zhu-a-zhi.
we humiliated him, o*-thi’-zhu-ba-
zhi i.

280

humming bird, i’-xthi-wa-the zhi®-ga.
hummock (a), mo®-ba’-tsi-he; (2)
mo” -tu-tu-be.
humorous, wa-tha’-ho-da; (2) i/-xa-e-
wa-the; (8) shka-shka’-tho2.
he is very humorous, i’-xa-e-wa-tha
bi a, ni’-ka-shi-ga.
humpback, a’-ba-ku-t’o-xa.
hunchback, same as humpback.
hungry (to be), no®-pe’-hi.
I am hungry, no®-pe’-a-hi.
you are hungry, no®-pe’-thi-hi.
we are hungry, no®-pe’-o®-hi i.
hunt (to), u-tse’.
hunt (as for one’s own), u-gi’-dse.
I am hunting for my horse, ka’-wa
u-wa-gi-dse.
you are hunting for your horse, ka’-
wa u-tha-gi-dse.
I go hunting; will sleep out if neces-
sary, ta’-bthe zho®-bthe.
hurl (to), ga-ci’-ge.
I hurled it, a’-ci-ge.
you hurled it, tha’-ci-ge.
we hurled it, 0®-ga‘-ci-ga i.
hurricane, zho®-bi’-cu-ge.
hurry (to), u’-no®-xthi"; (2) xi®’-tha-
tha.
T hurry, xi*’-tha-tha bthe.
you hurry, xi*’-tha-tha stse.
we hurry, xi*’-tha-tha o*-ga-tha i.

I, wi'-e.
I alone, wi’-shno?.
I also, wi’-shki.
I mean myself, wi-a’-wa-ki-kshe.
I too (for my part), wi -shki-do®.
ice, no”’-xe.
The ice has melted, no”-xe a-ka
da’-cko® bia.
ice chest, no”’-xe u-zhi.
icicle, no™’-xe u-ba-do®-the.
iciness, icy, no™-xe a-da.
identical, e’-xtsi-e.
identification mark,
(which see).
I made an _ identification mark,
u’-we-to®-i" pa-xe.
you made an identification mark,
u’-we-to"-i" shka-xe.
we made a mark for identification,
u-we’-to®-i" 0°-ga-xa i.

u’-we-to2-i"

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

hurt (to), thi-zhu a-zhi.
you will hurt yourself, i’-tha-gtha-no®
ta ki" do.
hurt (to be) in an accident, gtho’-
the-wo».
I was hurt in an accident, gtho»’-the-
wo" a-dsi no”’-o0"-ka ha.
you were hurt in an accident, gtho’-
the-wo® a-dsi no®’-thi-ke ha.
hurt feelings, tha-k’e-ki-the.
hurt (to be) by a broken board,
no” -xo®,
I was hurt on a broken board, a-no®’-
xo2,
you were hurt on a broken board,
tha-no®’-xo®.
we were hurt on a broken board,
o®-no™-xo® i.
husband, i-ni’-ka.
husk (to), wa-thi’-ga.
I husk, wa-bthi’-ga.
you husk, wa-stsi-ga.
husk (to) corn, thi’-ga.
I husk corn, bthi’-ga.
you husk corn, stsi’-ga.
I am husking corn (w. sp.), wa-bthi’-
ga a-thi® he the.
Iam husking corn (m. sp.), wa-bthi’-
ga a-thi he tho.
hut, tsi zhi®-ga.
hydrophobia, wa-tha’-xta-ge.

identified, u’-to™-ba.
identify (to), i’-gi-ba-ho.
I identified it, i-tha’-gi-pa-ho*.
you identified it, i’-tha-gi-shpa-ho*.
we identified it, o®-tho™ -gi-ba-ho?® i.
idler, u-thi’-shi-ga.
idolize (to), wa’-gthi® o-xta-gi-the.
I idolize it, wa’-gthi" o-xta-a-gi-the.
you idolize it, wa’-gthi® o’-xta-tha-
gi-the.
we idolize it, wa’-gthi® o-xta-o*-gi-
tha i.
ignite (to), po-e’.
I ignited it, po-e’ pa-xe.
you ignited it, po-e’ shka-xe.
we ignited it, po-e’ o"-ga-xa i.
ignominy, wa-we’-shtse.
ignorance, ignorant,
a-zhi.
ill mannered, wa’-cpa-zhi.

da’-i-ba-ho®

LA FLESCHE]

ill-treat (to), ga-co™.
illuminate (to), da’-ko®-ga-xa.

T illuminated, da’-ko" pa-xe.

you illuminated, da’-ko™ shka-xe.

we illuminated, da’-ko" 0®-ga-xa i.
illustrious, ni’-ka do"-he.
imbibe (to), wa-tha’-to2.

I imbibe, wa-btha’-to*.

you imbibe, wa-shpa’-to®.

we imbibe, 0®-wo"’-tha-to® i.
imitate, i’-do"-be ga-xe; (2) wa-we’-

ga-cko®-the.

J imitate, i’-do"-be pa-xe.

You imitate, i’-do®-be shka-xe.

we imitate, i’-do"-be 0®-ga-xa i.
immaterial, u’-ga-xe thi"-ge.
immature, no®-hi’-zhi.
immerse (to), ni’-u-bi-do*.

IT immersed it, niu’-pi-do*.

You immersed it, niu’-shpi-do*.

we immersed it, niu’-o"-gu-bi-do® i.
impatience, i’-hi-dse.

I have no patience, 0®-tho”’-hi-dse.
you have no patience, i-thi’-hi-dse.
impatient (toward another), a’-mo"-

ka-zhi.
I am impatient with you, a’-wi-mo"-
ka mo®-zhi.

you are impatient, a’-tha-mo*-ka
zhi.

I am impatient with him, a’-a-mo"-
ka-mo2-zhi.

you are impatient with me, o-tha
mo2-ka zhi.

we are impatient with him, o®-ga-
mo®-ka ba-zhi i.
imperfect, e’-go" xtsi-zhi; (2)
thu-to® a-zhi.
imperfection, u’-xthi.
implements, we’-ki-k’o".
impoliteness, gi-o-shki-ga.
impose (to), thi-ho’-da.
I imposed upon him, bthi’-ho-da.
you imposed upon him, ni’-ho-da.
we imposed upon him, o®-thi’-ho-da i.
impossible, e’-go" tho®-ta zhi; tho’-
ta zhi.
it will be impossible for you to go,
stse tho®-ta zhi.
it will not be possible for you to go,
ne tho®-ta zhi.
it will not be possible for us to go,
o2-ga’-tha ba tho"-ta zhi.
impotence, impotent, u’-thu-ce thi®-
ge.

wa -

OSAGE DICTIONARY

281

impoverish (to), ki-gthi’-wa-xpa-thi*.
I am impoverished, a-ki’-gthi wa-
xpa-thi*.
you are impoverished, tha-ki’-gthi
wa-xpa-thi*.
we are impoverished, o®-ki’-gthi wa-
xpa-thi® i.
imprison, imprisonment, ho”-no-
pa-ce u-k’o"-he.
improbable, e’-go® a-zhi e-¢ko®.
improve (to), thi-tha’-gthi*.
I improved, bthi’-tha-gthi*.
you improved, ni’-tha-gthi2.
we improved, o2-thi-tha-gthi® i.
improvidence, u’-thi-ts’a-ge i-wa-xpa-
this.
impudence, wa-ga’-ts’a-e-zhi.
impugn, wa-we’-gi-e.
impure, wa-ci’-hi a-zhi.
impute, a-gtha.
inability, da’-thu-ts’a-ge;
ts’a-ga.
inactive, shko® a-zhi.
inaccurate, wa’-thu-to® a-zhi.
inalienable, thi-ho™ -gi-the tho®-ta-zhi.
inaudible, tha-wa’-to2-i" a-zhi.
incandescent, da’-ko"-cka.
incase, u-thi’-xi*.
incendiary, u-¢a’ bi o.
inception, pa-ho-gthe tse dsi to".
incessant, i’-gi-ha.
incinerate, da’-thi®-ge ga-xe.
incipient, tse’-ga-xtsi-dsi.
incision, ga-xthu’-ge.
I made an incision in my leg, zhe-ga
wi-ta a’-xthu’-ge ha.
you made an incision in your leg,
zhe-ga thi-ta tha-xthu’-ge ha.
incisors, hi’-pa-hi-kshe.
incite (to), shko™’-wa-ga-xe.
I incited him, shko*’-wa pa-xe.
you incited him, shko™-wa-shka-xe.
we incited him, shko™’-wa o®-ga xa i.
incivility, gi-o-shki-ga.
incline (a steep hill), pa-bu’.
inclose (to), u-gtho™.
I inelosed it, u-wa’-gtho" ha.
you inclosed it, u-tha’-gtho® ha.
we inclosed it, o®-gu’-gtho® i.
include (to), u-i’-he kshi-the.
I included it, u-i’-he a-kshi-the.
you included it, u-i’-he tha-kshi-the.
we included it, u-i’-he o®-kshi-tha i,
incognito, ki-gthi’-e-zhi.
income, u’-kshe-to2,

(2) thu-

282

incomplete, thu-tsa-ge sho”
(2) tse’-ga-xtsi-dse.
increase, hiu’ a-tha bi.
incubator, u-ba’-xthe-ge.
inculpate, i’-gtha-no" a-gtha.
incumbent, the-go’-dsi u-gthi" a-ka.
incursion, a’-do-do®.
incurve, ba-sho™.
indebted, wa-thu’-ce a-thi*.
I am indebted, wa-thu’-ce a-bthi*.
you are indebted, wa-thu-ce a-stsi™.
we are indebted, wa-thu-ce o-ga-
thi-" i.
indeed, a’-tha.
indefatigable, ga-cki’-ga zhi.
indemnify (to), wa-ga’-shi-be.
indentation, ga-shki’-ge.
Independence, Kans., Pe’-zhe i-tsi-
to® wo®.
independent, wa-we’-gi no®-zhi" a-
zhi.
Indian agent, Mo” -hi" to"-ga ga-hi-ge.
Indian (Red Man), Ni’-ka zhu-dse.
indicate. (See to point at.)
indict (to), wa-we’-gtha-no” a-gtha.
indictment, same as indict.
indifference, u’-tho-dse shi a-zhi.
indigent, wa-xpa’-thir.
individual (as applied to person),
wi*’-no®-the.
individual, o’-ko®-dsi.
indolence, u’-thu-ts’a-ge.
indorse (to), as a check, mo”’-sho®
u-thi"-ge.
I indorsed it, mo®’-sho® u-bthi®-ge.
you indorsed it, mo®’-sho® u-stsi®-ge.
we indorsed it, mo®-sho"™ o0"-gu-
thi-ga 1.
industrious, wa-thi’-to®-shto.
I am industrious, wa-bthi’-to®-shto*.
you are industrious, wa-ni -to®-shto2.
we are industrious, o>-wo" -thi-to?-
shto® i.
inebriate, wa-tha’-to™ shto*.
ineffective, ge’-go™.
inert, u-thi’-ko® thi.-ge.
inevitable, u’-tho®-zhi.
infallible, u’-tho®-zhi e-go™.
infamous, i’-ci-wa-the.
infancy, pa’-ta zhi"-ga.
infant, pa’-ta zhi"-ga.
infant (new-born) zhi®’-ga shto™-ga.
infanticide, zhi"-ga’ ts’e-gi-the.
infantry, mo®-thi™ a-ki-da.

a-ka;

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

infectious a’-ki-o®-tha u-mo2-ka.
inferior, u-xtha’-zhi.
infinite, u-ho’-ge thi®-ge.
infirm (as a feeble man), shko”-
thu-ts’a-ge hi.
inflate (to), thi-ci-tha.
I inflated it, bthi-ci-tha.
you inflated it, ni-ci-tha.
we inflated it, o®-thi-ci-tha i
inflexible, ¢a-gi’.
influence, i’-e-u-pshe.
influenza, hu’-xpe-pi-zhi.
inform, gi’-tha-wa-cka.
I informed him, 0*’-wo"-tha-cka.
you informed him, the’-wa-tha-cka.
infuriate (to), thi-wa’-zhi® pi-zhi.
I infuriated him, bthi’-wa-zhi® pi-zhi.
you infuriated him, ni’-wa-zhi pi-zhi.

we infuriated him, o®-thi’-wa-zhi
pi-zhi i.
ingrate (an), tha-k’e’-the tha-gthi
a-zhi.

ingratitude, we’-ki-sho" thi"-ge.
inhale (to), ni-o™ btha-cu.
inhale through the mouth, tha’-
stsu-tse.
I inhaled (the smoke), btha’-stsu-tse.
you inhaled (the smoke), na’-stsu-
tse.
we inhaled (the smoke), 02-tha’-stse
tsa i.
inherit, a-gtha’-thi*.
I inherited money,
a-gtha-bthi2.
you inherited money, mo”-ce ¢ka
a-gtha-ni.
inheritance, a-gtha’-thi.; (2) da’-do®
a-gtha-thir.
inimical, tho’-da-zhi.
injure (to), wa-no-ka-the.
injure (to) badly, ga-shpa’-shpa.
I injured him badly, a’-shpa-shpa.
you injured him badly, tha’-shpa-
shpa.
we injured him badly, o®-ga’-shpa-
shpa i.
injure (to, in a bad sense), ga-co™.
injured (to be), gtho®’-the-wo?.
I am injured, gtho®’-the-wo" a-dsi
no” -o2-ka ha.
you are injured, gtho™’-the-wo® a-dsi
no®-thi-ka.
we are injured, gtho»’-the-wo" a-dsi
no" a-wa-ka i.

mo”-ce ¢ka

LA FLESCHE]

injurious, u’-gi-ho® a-zhi.
injury, same as injurious.
injustice, e-go™ zhi kshi-the.
inland, mo®-zho®-a’-ta.
inmost, mo?-tse’-ta-xtsi.
innermost, same as inmost.
innocence, i’-gtha-no® thi®-ge.
inoculate (to), mo™-ko™ u-thi-k’e.
inquest, ha’-go" ts’e tse thi’-u-pa-the.
inquire, i’-mo”-xe.
inquirer, wa-we’-wo"-xe a-ka (which
see).
the one who asked me the question,
Wwa-we’ -02-wo-xe a-ka.
the one who asked you the question,
wa-we -thi-wo-xe a-ka.
inquiry, wa-we’-mo"-xe.
inquiry as to one’s death, ha’-go"
ts’e tse thi’-u-pa-the.
to make inquiry about some one, i’-
gtho®-xe.
I made an inquiry about a relative,
i-tha’-gtho®-xe.
you made an inquiry about some-
one, i’-tha-gtho"-xe.
we made an_ inquiry,
gtho®-xa i.
inquisition, a’-ga-cu.
inquisitive, wa-we’-wo"-xe shto*.
insane, wa-thi’-gtho™ thi™-ge; (2)
ts’e-ga.
insanity, we’-thi-gtho” o-xpa-tha.
inside, mo"-tse’-ta.
insist (to) on being obeyed, i’-e
o-psha bi go®-tha.
I insist on being obeyed, i’-e o-psha
bi ko®-btha.
you insist on being obeyed,
o-psha bi shko®-shda.
we insist on being obeyed, i’-e o-psha
bi o®-go®-tha i.
insnared, u-ki’-o"-the.
insolence, insolent.
dence.)
inspect, a’-ga-cu.
inspector, wa’-ga-cu.
install (to), as to place in office,
wa-thi’-to® u-gthi® kshi-the.
instantly, the go”’-dsi xtsi.
instead, e’-zhi wi® u-k’o® he.
instep, gi-shto’-zha tse.
institute (to), thi-mo”-gthe.
I instituted it, bthi’-mo*-gthe.
67025—32——19

o2-thor’-

i’-e

(See impu-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

283

institute (to)—continued.
you instituted it, ni’-mo*-gthe.
we instituted it, o®-thi"-mo-gtha i.
instruct (to), kchi’-o"-ce; wa-go™’-ce.
I instruct, a-kchi’-o"-¢e.
you instruct, tha-kchi’-o2-ce.
we instruct, o®-kchi’-o-¢a i.
instruction, wa-kchi’-o"-¢ce.
instructor, wa-go™’-¢e.
insufficient, u’-sha-zhi; dsu’-ba.
insult (as an insult), u’-i-gtha-no?.
insult (byword), tha-zhu’-zhi.
I insulted him, btha-zhu mo2-zhi.
you insulted him, shta’-zhu-zhi.
we insulted him, o®-tha-zhu ba-zhi i.
insurance, wa-we’-no®-xe to”.
intact, thi-ta’-tha-zhi.
integrity (moral), o’-tho-to*.
intellect, wa-thi’-gtho™.
he has much intellect, ni-ka-shi-ga
a-ka wa-thi-gtho™ u-tsi bi a.
intellectual, wa-thi’-gtho" pi-o*.
intelligible, wa-cka’.
intemperance, gtho”-thi®-shto*.
intention, ga’-xe go"-tha.
I intend to do it, pa-xe ko"-btha ha.
you intend doing it, shka-xe shko?-
shda ha.
we intend doing it, 0®-ga-xa 0®-go®-
tha i.
inter (to place in a grave), xe.
I shall inter him, a-xe’ ta mi kshe 0.
you shall inter him, tha-xe’ ta tse o.
intercept (to), a’-no™-ce.
I intercept, a’-a-no®-¢e.
you intercept, a’-tha-no»-¢e.
interchange, i’-ki-thi-to®-ga.
interdict (as to forbid), wa-we’-gi-
zhu-shi.
interest (on borrowed money), u-
thu’-da.
interest (paid), o-tho’-da.
interfere (to) in passing, a-pa-ts’u.
interfered, u-wa-i-e.
interim, u-ta’-no®-gthe tse.
interior, mo®-tse’-ta.
interlay (to), u-ta’-no®-u-k’o"-he.
interlope (to), a’-thi-ta dsi i-e.
intermarry (to), to-wo-gtho"® ki-
thi-to"-ga_ ki-gtho*-ge; (2) ki-
gthor-ge.
intermission, he’-be ba-no*-the.
I waited for an intermission, he’-be
ba-no®-the tse o®-tho® a-ga-pa bi a,

284

intermittent, u-ta’-no"-gtha-gtha.
intermixture, i-’ki-thi-btho».
internal ear, no®-xu’-dse.
interpreter, i’-e-wa-cka.
interrogate, wa-we -wo-xe.
interrupt (to), i’-c-a-no®-ce; 0®-gi-thi-
ta; a’-thi-ta dsi i-e.
interrupt (to) a conversation, u’-i-e.
interval, u-ta’-no®-gthe.
intervene (to), u-ta’-no™ u-no™-zhi".
interview (an), u-ki’-e.
intestine (large), i*-gthe’ u-to®-ga;
wa-sda.
intestine of animals, tse-shi-be.
intimate, u-ga’-ts’u-ga.
intimidate, wa-no” -pe ga-xe.
I intimidated him, wa-no”’-pe pa-xe.

you intimidated him, wa-no*-pe
shka-xe.

we intimidated him, wa-no’-pe o»-
ga-xa i.

intolerable, a’-mo»-ka-e wa-tha-zhi.
intoxicant (fire water), pe’-de-ni.
intoxicate (to), gtho»’-thi* ga-xe.
I caused him to be _ intoxicated,
gtho»-thi" pa-xe.
you caused him to be intoxicated,
gtho®-thi® shka-xe.
we made him intoxicated, gtho®-thi®
O?-ga-xa i.
intoxicated, gtho”-thir.
intractability, da’-e-tha-gthi" a-zhi.
intrepid (to be), wa-sho’-she.
I am intrepid, a-wa’-sho-she.
you are intrepid, wa-thi’-sho-she.
we are intrepid, wa’-wa-sho-sha i.
intrenchment, no*-ca (which see).
introduce (to), ba-ha’ i-ba-ho" wa-ki.
invade (to), gi’-do-do®.
I invaded, e’-do-do2.
you invaded, the’-do-do®.
we invaded, 0®-ga’-do-do® i.
invalid, o’-ka-wa-the a-ka.
invariable, e-go™ -sho®-sho"-e.
invent (to), we’-ki-k’o" ga-xe.
I invented, we’-ki-k’o" pa-xe.
you invented, we’-ki-k’o® shka-xe.
we invented, we’-ki-k’o" 0®-ga-xa i.
invention (n.), we’-ki-k’o" ga-xe.
inventor, wa-ga’-xe a-ka.
inventory, da’-do" wa-gtha-wa.
I took an inventory, da’-do" a-gtha-
wa ha.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

inventory—continued.
you took an inventory, da’-do" tha-
gtha-wa ha.
we took an inventory, da’-do® o02-
gtha-wa i.
investigate, u-to”’-be.
I investigate, u-to®’-be pa-xe.
you investigate, u-to%-be shka-xe.
we investigate, u-to®’-be o"-ga-xa i.
invincible, be’ ga-xa zhi.
inviolable, a’-xo-ba-bi.
invisible, be’-i-tha-zhi; (2)
a-zhi.
invitation (a formal), gi-ko’.
invite (to), a’-pe.
I invited him, a’-a-pe.
you invited him, a’-tha-pe.
we invited him, 0®’-ga-pa i.
to invite to a feast, gi-ku.
I invited him to a feast, e’-ku.
you invited him to a feast, tha’-ku.
we invited him to a feast, o®-ku i.
invoke (to), wa-gi’-ka.
I invoke, a-wa’-gi-ka.
you invoke, wa-tha’-gi-ka.
we invoke, 0°-wo”’-gi-ka i.
invulnerable, ts’e’-the wa-tse-xi.
inward, mo®-tse’-ta-ha.
Iowa Indians and State, Ba’-xo-dse;
Pa‘-xo-dse.
iridescent, to-sni’-gthe e-go".
iron, mo”’-ce.
iron spoon, mo”’-ce tsiu-ge.
iron wedge, mo”’-ce wiu-ga do®.
irrefutable, wa-gi’-zha wa-tse-xi.
irreproachable, a’-tho-to™.
irrigate, a’-ni-do" ga-xe.
{ irrigated, a’ni-do" pa-xe.
you irrigated, a’-ni-do™ shpa-xe.
we irrigated, a’ni-do” 02-ga-xa i.
is (general form of to be), a-ka.
island, ni-u’-tho*-da; (2) ni-ba’-ce.
isolate (to), u-ko’-dsi the ga-xe.

tor-ir’

I isolated (them), u-ko*-dsi the
pa-xe.

you isolated (them), u-ko*’-dsi the
shka-xe.

we isolated (them), u-ko®’-dsi the
o?-ga-xa i.

issue (of Government rations), wa-

ki’-gtha-e.

itch, tha-k’i’-tha; (2) ki-gthi’-ki’-tha.
itching of the body, ba-k’i’-tha.

LA FLESCHE]

jabber (to), i’-ha u-tsi. |
I jabber, i’-ha 0*-wo2-tsi.
you jabber, i’-ha u-thi-tsi.
we jabber, i’-ha u-wa-tsi i.
jack (for lifting), we’-the-mo*-shi.
jack (playing card), zha’-ke.
jack rabbit, mo*-shti" no®-ta-stse-e.
jack-in-the-pulpit, sho’-ge_ i-ts’e-
the.
jacket (woman’s), ha-cka’.
jail (prison), ho*’-no®-pa-ce (which
see).
they put me in jail, ho*’-no®-pa-ce
a-wo® gtho® i.
January, Ho’-ba-stse-dse.
javelin, we’-zha-pshe (which see).
jaw, the’-ba.
jealousy (by a woman), no’-wo-ci.
I am jealous, a-no®’-wo®-¢i he.
you are jealous, tha-no®’-wo"-¢ci he.
jealousy (by a man), mi’-wa-da.
I am jealous of a woman, wa-u’
wi" mi-a-a-da ha.
you are jealous of a woman, wa-u’
wi? mi-a-tha-da ha.
jerk (to), xa-pi-e’-the.
I jerked, xa-pi’-a-the.
you jerked, xa-pi-tha/’-the.
we jerked, xa-pi’-o®-tha i.
jest, wa-tha’-ho-da.
jingle (to), no®-ca’-thu.
join (to) two boards or poles, a’-ki-
ki-gthe.
I joined two boards, a’-a-ki-ki-gthe.
you joined two boards, a’-tha-ki-ki-
gthe.
we joined two boards, o®’-ga-ki-ki-
gtha i.
join (to) a society; become a mem-
ber, u’-thi-¢go®-ha.
I joined the society, u-bthi’-go®-ha.
you joined the society, u-shni’-¢o"-
ha.
we joined the society, o®-gu’-thi-
¢o®-ha i.
joint (a), u-ki’-tse.
joints of the arm, a-u’-ki-te.

Kansas City (Mo.), Ni-sho’-dse to®-

wo,
katydid, ba-ce’-wa-tha-c¢e.
Kaw Indians, Ko”-ce.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

285

joke, wa-tha’-ho-da.
joker, wa-da’-i"-ga.
jolt (as to jostle), ga-sho”’-tha.
I jostled him, a’-sho®-tha.
you jostled him, tha’-sho®-tha.
we jostled him, 0®-ga’-sho®-tha i.
journey (a), wa-mo”-thi.
journey’s end, mo-zho hi ta bi
thi*-kshe.
joy, u’-gi-cu.
joyous, shka-shka’-tho:.
Judas tree, Zho-sha be hi (Cercis
canadensis).
judge. (See jurist.)
judge (to), a’-ga-cu wa-to"-ga.
I judged, a’-a-ga-cu wa-to®-ga.
you judged, a’-tha-ga-cu wa-to®-ga.
we judged, 0®-ga-cu wa-to®-ga i.
judgment (as sound mind),
thi’-gtho2.
judgment day, ho®-ba-ha’-shi tse.
jug (a stone one), i’*-dse’-xe; (2)
i’n’-tse-xe.
jugular vein, ta’-hiu-ko®.
juice (of fruit), ni.
plum is full of juice, ko®’-dse ni-u-
gi-pi.
juicy, ni’-u-tsi.
July, Tse ki’-the-xa bi (which see).
jump (to), wi’-ci; u-i’-¢i.
jump (to), asin play, u-wi'-¢i.
jump (to) a fence, a’-ba-ta a’-u-wi-ci.
I jumped the fence, a’-ba-ta a-a-

wa-

o°-¢i.

you sds the fence, a’-ba-ta a/’-
tha-o"-ci.

we jumped the fence, a’-ba-ta o®-
ga-o"-ci 1.

junction, u-thi’-zho»-ka.

June, Hiu’-wa-thi-xtha-dse zhu-dsa bi
(which see); (2) Tse’-do-ga mo2-
no®-xa bi; (8) Tse-do’-ga gi-shi® bi.

jungle, o-xtha’-be.

jurist, wa’-ki-e.

jury, a-gthi’-tho®-ba ki-cto.

juvenile, wa-ho’-k’a.

K

keep (to), wa’-thi2.
I keep, wa’-bthi*.
you keep, wa’-ni.
we keep, wo’-ga-thi® i.

286

keep (as one’s own), a-gtha’-thi*.
I keep my own, a-gtha’-bthi*.
you keep as your own, a-tha’-gtha-ni.
we keep as our own, 0o®-ga’-gtha-
thi i.
keepsake, u’-we-to™-i".
kennel, sho"’-ge tsi.
kernel (of corn), gi-a’-zhi.
kerosene, a’-da-ko" we-gthi"; (2) we’-
gthi.
kettle (a), tse’-xe.
kettle with four legs (a pot), hi’-to-
we.
kettle spout, tse’-xe pa hi.
key, we’-thi-shi-be; (2)
(which see).
I lost my door key, we’-thi-shi-be ke
o0®-wo® xpa-the mi®-kshe o.
kick (to), ki’-no® gi-ge.
kick off (as a shoe), a’-no®-stsu-dse.
kick over, no®-bthi’-zhe.
kick over (as to upset), no®-a’-li-
gtha-sho®.
little brother has upset the bucket of
water, ka’-zhi"-ga a-ka ne-xe
ni-u-zhi te no®-a’-ki-gtha-sho” i ha.
I upset it with my foot, a-no”’-a-
ki-gtha-sho2.
you upset it with your foot, tha-
no” -a-ki-gtha-sho®.
we upset it with our feet, o®-no™’-
a-ki-gtha-sho® i.
Kickapoo Indian, I’-ga-bu.
kicking, to barely miss, no*-kshi"-
dse.
I barely missed kicking him, a-no®’-
kshi»-dse.
you barely missed kicking him, tha-
no” -kshi®-dse.
we barely missed kicking him, o*-
no”’-kshi®-dsa i.
kid (a young goat), i’-hi" a-gi-dse-zhe
zhi®-ga.
kidney, ¢ci-no™-bthe.
kidney fat, ho’-ka-ci.
kidney shape, ¢i-no”-bthe e-go".
kill (to), ts’e-the.
I killed, wa-ts’e-a-the.
you killed, wa-ts’e-tha-the.
we killed, wa-ts’e-o®-tha i.
kill (to) an enemy, ga’-xthi.
I killed the enemy, ni’-ka-shi-ga wi"
a-xthi.

we’ -i-shi-be

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

kill (to) an enemy—continued.
you killed the enemy, ni’-ka-shi-ga
wi" tha-xthi.
we killed the enemy, ni’-ka-shi-ga
wi® o®-ga-xthi.
killed (to be) by lightning, gtho”’-
wa-ga-xthi.
the horse was killed by lightning,
gtho™-wa-ga-xthi bi a, ka-wa
tho2-ka.
kindle (to) as a fire, dse’-the.
I kindled a fire, dse-a’-the.
you kindled a fire, dse’-tha-the.
we kindled a fire, dse-o®’-tha i.
kindly disposition, u’-k’o" do®-he.
kindred, u’-tho-da-ki-the.
king (in deck of cards), wa-do™.
kingfisher (a bird), ki-cta-ka.
kinnikinnick, ni-ni’-ga hi.
kinship, wa-tho’-da-ki-the.
Kiowa Tribe, Ka’-thu-wa.
kiss (to), i’-ha a-ki-gthe.
I kissed the child, zhi®-ga zhi®-ga
to® i-ha a’-a-ki-gthe.
you kissed the child, zhi®-ga zhi2-ga
to i’-ha a-tha-ki-gthe.
we kissed the child, zhi*-ga zhi®-ga
to" i’-ha o"-ga-ki-gtha i.
kitchen, u’-ho" tsi (which see).
kitten, i*-gtho™-ga zhi®-ga.
knave (a tricky person),
wa-the.
knee, shi-no*’-dse.
kneecap, shi-tho’-dse mo®-shko®.
knee joint, zhe-ga u’-ki-tse.
kneepan, shi-tho™’-dse.
kneel (to), shi-mo*’-ksho®.
kneel on something, a’-shi-mo®-ko*.
I kneel, a’-a-shi-mo2-ko2.
you kneel, a’-tha-shi-mo®-ko*.
we kneel on something, o*®-ga’-shi-
mo®-ko?® i.
knife, mo”™-hi*.
knock (to) at a door, ga-da’-da-xe.
I knocked at the door, tsi’-zhe-be-te
a-da-da-xe.
you knocked at the door, tsi’-zhe-be-
te tha-da-da-xe.
knock down (with the fist), ga-bthi’-
zhe.
I knocked him down, a’-bthi-zhe.
we knocked him down, o®-ga’-bthi-
zha i.

i’-ci-e

LA FLESCHE]

knock senseless, ga-gtho”’-thi2.
I knocked him senseless, a’-gtho?-
thir.
you knocked him senseless,
gtho®-this.
we knocked him senseless, 0?-ga’-
gtho®-thi® i.
knock holes in ice, u-ga’-k’u-dse.
knock many holes, u-ga’-k’u-k’u-dse.

tha’-

labor, wa-thi’-to.

lace (to) a shoe, a’-ba-co"-dse.
I laced my shoe, a’-pa-co"-dse.
you laced the shoe, a’-shpa-co®-dse.
we laced the shoe, o®-ga-ba-¢o2-

dsa i.

lacerate, zhu’-ga-thi-xtho™-zhe (which
see).

lacerate the bowel, shu’-be_ thi-
btha-ce.

lacrosse, ga-ci’.
lacrosse stick, ta-be’-cu i-ba-sta-dse.
lactation, ba-ce’-k’i.
ladder (wooden), zho®-a’-no®-zhi.
ladle, tsi’-ha-ba stse-e.
laity, ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ga-ha ta kshe.
lake, dse.
lamb, ta-cka’ zhi®-ga.
lament (to), gi’-ko™.
lamentations, xa-ge’.
lamp, a’-da-ko®-gthe.
lance, we’-zha-pshe (which see).
land, mo*-zho”.
landmark, mo®-zho™ thi-xu.
landholder, mo®-zho”’-to*.
landowner, same as landholder.
landing for a boat, ba-dse’ o-pshe’-
tse.
language, i’-e.
languid (to be), be’-ni-ha; xpe’-ga;
o’-ka-wa-the.
I am languid, o’-wo*-ka-wa-the.
you are languid, o’-thi-ka-wa-the.
languidness (continued), xpe’-xpe-
ga.
languish (to), i’-pi-zhi.
lantern, a’-da-ko®-the.
lard, ko-ko’-ca we-gthi.
larder, u’-no®-bthe u-zhi.
large, to»’-ga; (2) gtho™’-the.
a large deer, ta to”’-ga.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

287

knoll, a’-ba-du; (2) ba-do’.
knot in wood, zho®-ta’-xe.
know (to), i’-ba-ho2.
I know, i’-pa-ho*.
you know, i’-shpa-ho*.
do you know who that is? she-the
e-be te i-shpa-ho® a.
knowledge, da’-i-ba-ho*.
knuckle, sha’-ge u-ba-zhu.

lariat, we’-thi*.
I stretched the lariat, we’-this bthi
ca-da.
you stretched the lariat, we’-thi
stsi-ga-da.
lark (meadow), mo’-ge ci to™-ga.
laryngitis, do’-dse ni-e.
lassie, shi’-mi zhi®-ga.
lassitude, ga-cki’-ge.
last (the), u-thu’-ha-ge tse.
lasting, ¢a’-gi.
latch (of a door), a’-ba-xu.
latch (to) the door, tsi’-zhe-be u-thi-

mo®.

I latched the door, tsi’-zhe-be u-bthi-
mo’,

you latched the door, tsi’-zhe-be
u-stsi-mo®.

we latched the door, tsi’-zhe-be

o®-gu’-thi-mo® i.

later, sho" a-ka.
lateral, thi’-u-ba-he.
laugh (to), i’-xa.

I laugh, i-tha’-xa.

you laugh, i’-tha-xa.
laugh (to) heartily, i’-xa i-ga-¢ki.
laundress, wa-k’o wa-thi’-shki.

I found a good laundress, wa-thi’-
shki wa-k’o tha-gthit wi? i-tha-
the he.

laundry, wa-thi’-shki tsi.
lavish (to) affection, da’-do" u-thi-
bo-dse.

I lavish affection, da’-do® u-bthi-bo-
dse.

you lavish affection, da’-do® u-ni-
bo-dse.

we lavish affection, da’-do™ o0®-gu-
thi-bo-dsa i.

law, u‘-wa-tha-dse; (2) wa’-ki-gtha-dse.

I obey the law, wa’-ki-gtha-dse

u-wa-pa.

288

law—continued.
you obey the law, wa’-ki-gtha-dse
u-tha-pa.
he obeys the law, wa’-ki-gtha-dse
u-pa.
lawyer, wa’-ki-e.
lawsuit, u-ki’-gthi>-ge.
laxative, i’-zhe mo®-ko..
lay away, to keep for future use,
da’-do® gi-ci.
I lay away for future use, da’-do®
a-gi-ci.
you lay away for future use, da’-do"
tha-gi-ci.
we lay away for future use, da’-do®
o?-gi-ci i.
layman, ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ga-ha ta kshe.
laziness, u’-thi-ts’a-ge i-wa-xpa-thi.
lazy (to be), i’-no®-hi2-zhi; u’-thu-
ts’a-ge.
he is very lazy, i’-no®-hi®-zhi wa-
gthi" bi a.
lazy man, u-thi’-sha-ge.
lead (to), wa-thi’-xo-e.
lead (to) a horse, thi-xu-we.
I lead the horse to water, ka-wa
bthi-xu-we ni-dse.
you lead the horse to water, ka-wa-
stsi-xu-we ni-dse.
lead pencil, zho"’-we-gthe-ce.
my lead pencil is black, zho®’-we-
gthe-ce wi-ta ca-be.
your pencil is red, zho®’-we-gthe-¢e
thi-ta zhu-dse.
leaf or leaves, a’-be.
leaf buds, zho*’-ta-shpe.
lean (to) against each other, a’-ki-
ko,
lean (to) on, a-ko®.
I lean on, a’-a-ko®.
you lean on, a’-tha-ko*.
we lean on, 0®’-ga-ko” i.
lean (thin), xtha’-zhi»-ga.
leap (to), wi’-ci; (2) u-wi’-¢i; (3) u-i’-ci.
I leap, u-wa’-wi-ci.
You leap, u-tha-wi'-ci.
We leap, o®-gu’-wi-¢i i.
learn (to), thi’-u-pa-the.
I learn, bthi’-u-pa-the.
you learn, ni-u-pa-the.
we learn, 0®-thi’-u-pa-tha i.
learned (possessed with knowledge),
da’-do®-i-ba-ho"; wa-gthe’-ce pi-o".
lease, mo®-zho” u-wa-k’i.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

least (the), zhi®-ga’ xtsi thi2-kshe.
leather, wa-ha’.
leave out. (See except.)
I left it out, e-no® u-ko®-dsi bthi-
dsi-ge ha.
you left it out, e-no® u-ko*®’-dsi u-he
tha-tha zhi.
leech, ki-cda’.
lee side, a’-ga-xthe.
left-handed, tha’-ta.
leg, hi; gi-hi’.
leg (upper part), zhe-ga’.
my leg is cramped, zhe-ga’ o2-thi-
ku-ge.
your leg is cramped, zhe-ga’ thi-thi-
ku-ge.
my legs ache, ci-hi wi-ta ni-e ha.
legal action, u-thi’-ge.
legend, u’-tha-ge.
legerdemain, gtho”’-xe; (2) wa-ga’-xe
pi-o".
legislate (to), wa’-ki-gtha-dse ga-xe.
legislation, same as legislate.
legislature, tsi’-go-a-bi ki-cto.
legion, a’-mi-xe.
leggings (man’s), hiu’-i2-ge.
leggings (woman’s), hiu’-i"-ge da-pa.
leggings straps, i-tsi-o"-¢cka.
leisure (to be at), u’-o"-thi.-ge.
I am at leisure, u-o”’-0®-thi®-ge.
you are at leisure, u-o®’-thi-thi"-ge.
we are at leisure, u-o™ wa-thi®-ga i.
lemon, ko"-dse’-¢i ts’a-the.
lend (to), u-k’i.
1 lend, u-wa’-k’i.
you lend, u-tha’-k’i.
we lend, 0®-gu-k’i i.
I loaned my ax to Pi-ci, mo®-hi" ¢pe
wi-ta Pi-ci u-wa-k’i.
lengthen (to), as a rope, we’-thi*
thi-gtha-wa.
I lengthened the rope, we-thi® bthi-
gtha-wa.
you lengthened the rope, we-thi®
stsi-gtha-wa.
we lengthened the rope,
o®-thi-gtha-wa i.
Lent (period of fasting), Gthe’-btho®
do-ba zho® (which see).
lessee, mo"-zho”™ u-da.
lessen, dsu’-ba e-go®.
lessor, mo®-zho” u-wa-\’i.
lethargic, i®-shta’ u-ts’u-xe.
letter (a), wa-gthe’-¢e.

we-thi®

LA FLESCHE]

level, gno™-cno” go"-ce-go™; (2) ¢ta’-go.
lewd, u’-shki-ga.
lewdness, same as lewd.
liar, i’-xo-be shto*.
I hate a liar, ni’-ka-shi-ga i-xo-be
shto" the i-tha’-ci ha.
libel, tha-ho” -zhi.
liberal, gi’-wa-xthi-zhi; (2) wa-xthi’-
zhi.
he is a generous man, ni’-ka-shi-ga
gi-wa-xthi-zhi bi a.
liberality, wa-ga’-the-shto®.
liberate (to), thi-shto™-gthe ga-xe.
I liberated him, thi-shto®-gthe pa-xe.
you liberated him, thi-shto*’-gthe
shka-xe.
we liberated him,
o™-ga-xa i.
library (a), wa-gthe’-ce tsi.
lick (to), as with the tongue, tha-cta’-
be.
I licked it, btha’-cta-be.
you licked it, shna-¢ta’-be.
we licked it, 0®-tha-cta ba i.
lie (to) flat, gi-cta’-ge.
lie upon, a’-zho?.
lie in wait for, bi-¢cpe’.
lie down (a command), zhi®-ha o u.
lie side by side, ko™’-ca-ha zho®.
let us lie side by side, ko’-ca-ha
o®-zho®.
life sentence, ni’-sho®-sho"-e.
he was given a life sentence, ni’-sho"-
sho®-e a-gi-tha da bi a.
lifeless, u-thi’-ko" thi2-ge.
life-saver, ni’-ga-xe.
lift (to), thi-ho™.
Llift, bthi’ -ho.
you lift, ni’-ho".
we lift, 0®-thi’-ho i.
lift out with a pole, ba-shda’-dse.
I lifted it out with a pole, pa’-shda-
dse.
you lifted it out with a pole, shpa’-
shda-dse.
we lifted it out with a pole, o®-ba’-
shda-dsa i.
lift with the foot, no-ci’-ge.
light, da’-ko".
light (artificial), a’-da-ko".
light comes on me, o*”’-ho®-ba.
light bread, wa-da’-ho*.
lightning, i*-gtho™-wa-thu-gthe-ce;
thi-ho*’-ba,

thi-shto™-gthe

OSAGEH DICTIONARY

289

lightning (zigzag), gtho" wa-gthe-ce.
light weight, ha’-ha.

likable, u’-k’o"-tha-gthi*.

like, e’-go".

it is very like my horse, ka’-wa wi-ta
e-go" xtsi i2 da.

like taste of, o’-no®-bthe gi-cu.

I like the taste of food, o’-no®-bthe
o2-cu.

you like the taste of food, o’-no2-
bthe thi-cu.

we like the taste of food, o’-no®-bthe
wa-cu i.

limb (of a tree), small, ga-xa’ zhi-ga.
limb of a tree, zho”’-ga-xa.

limb of a large tree, ga-xa’-a-gthe.

limbs (of man or animal), a’-dsu-ta.
limberness, ¢i’-ci-e.

limit (as to distance), wa’-tha-da-bi.
limp (to), ni-a’-gtha-gtha.

I limp, ni-a’-a-gtha-gtha.

you limp, ni’-a-tha-gtha-gtha.

limpid, clear as crystal, ga-cpe’.
linden tree, hi»’-dse xtsi hi.

I stood under the linden tree, hi*’-
dse xtsi hi tse-dse u-hni-tse u-wa
no®-zhi® ha.

you stood under the linden tree,
hi»’-dse xtsi hi tse-dse u-tha no®-
zhi® ha.

linden (dark), hit’-dse sha-be.

linden (gray), hi®’-dse xo-dse.

linden (red), hi»’-dse zhu-dse.

lineage, u’-thu-da ki-the; (2) u-ki’-
thi-btha-btha.

liniment, i’-bi-cta.

lips, i’-ha-kshe.

corners of the lips, i’-ha ko2-ha.

my lips are red, i’-ha ko-ha ke o2-
zhu-dse he.

liquefy, da’-cko®-the.

liquid measure, ni’ we-k’u-tse.
liquor house, pe’-dse-ni tsi.
listen (to), a’-no-k’o",

I listen, a’-a-no®-k’o".

you listen, a’-tha-no®-k’o®,

we listen, 0®’-ga-k’o” i.

literate, wa-gthe’-ce pi-o".

little, zhir’-ga.

Little Arkansas River,
zhi-ga (which see).

Little Pond Creek, Okla., Dse ga-xa.

Little Village, To"-wo" zhi®-ga
(which see).

Ni’-zhu-dse

290

littoral, dse’-to®-ko»-ha.
live (to), ni; (2) ni’-mo2-i",
I live, a’-ni.
you live, tha’-ni.
we live, 0®-ni bia.
liver, tse-pi’.
liver gall, tse-pi’-ci.
load (to), wa-hi’-o-k’i".
loath, i’-no®-hi® a-zhi.
local, the-ga’-ha.
location, u-tsi.
lock (a), tsi’-zhe-be-ta-xe.
lock (to), u-thi’-mo?.
I locked the door, tse’-zhe u-bthi-mo®.
you locked the door, tse’-zhe u-stsi-
mo®.
we locked the door, tse’-zhe o®-gu’-
thi-mo? i.
locust, ba’-tho.
the locust eats the leaves of trees,
ba’-tho a-ba zho®-a-be ge tha-¢ni
a bo.
lodestone, mi-ka’-k’e mo®-thi® a-zhi
(which see).
lofty (as a mountain), mo®-shi’-a-dsi.
log, zho”’-gtho-the.
log house, zho"-i’-tsi.
loin, cit-dse’ hi.
loin cloth, hi’-tha-xa.
long (as to length), stse-dse.
long (to make), stse-dse ga-xe.
I made it long, stse-dse pa-xe.
you made it long, stse-dse shpa-xe.
we made it long, stse-dse 0°-ga-xa i.
long and curved, thi-stse’-do.
long object, she-kshe’.
longevity, u’-no® stse-dse.
longing (to crave), go™’-tha wa-gthi».
I have a longing for cucumbers, ku-
ku-ma ko®-btha wa-gthi*.
you have a longing for sugar, zho®-ni
shko®-shda wa-gthi*.
longing for, tha-k’e tha-bi-go"-tha.
longing (desire for), wa-tho™ -dse-shi.
look (to) all around, u-thi’-xi-dse.
look backward, xa’-tha-wa-do"-be.
I look backward, xa-tha-wa-to™-be.
you look backward, xa’-tha-shto®-be.
we look backward, xa’-tha o®-wo-
do*ba i.
look (to) alike, do™-be-go»-ce-go.,
the women looked alike, do®’-be-go-
ge-go" bi a, wa-u no®-ba a-ka,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

looking-glass, u-ga’-ho"-ba niu-ki-
gtha-c’i2 (which see).
loon (black), do’-ce ¢a-be.
loose (to make), gi’-sho®-tha.
loose-jointed, same as to make loose.
loosen (to), thu-shke’.
I loosen it, bthu’-shke.
you loosen it, stsiu’-shke.
we loosen it, o®-thu-shka i.
lorgnette, mo”’-ce i"-shta u-gtho..
lost (to), u-xpa’-the.
TI am lost, 0®-wo’-xpa-the.
you are lost, u-thi’-xpa-the.
we were lost, u-wa’-xpa-tha i.
loss of flesh, xtha a-thi™ hi.
loss of a relative by death, gi’-ts’e.
I lost a relative by death, wa-tho’da
ki-the wi" o02-ts’e.
you lost a relative by death, wa-
tho’da ki-the wi® thi-ts’e.
lounge, a’-zho".
louse, he.
lovable, u’-k’o®-tha-gthi"; (2) u’-xta.
love (to), as a woman for a man,
pi’ -the.
love (to), wa-pi’-the.
I love, wa-pi’-a-the.
you love, wa-pi-tha’-the.
love (to) children, xta’-the.
I love the child, pi’-a-the.
you love the child, pi’-tha-the.
love (to make), mi’-bthi-gtho..
you made love, mi-ni-gtho®.
lover, mi-thi’-gtho,
lowing, tse-cka ho-to®,
lowland (forests), u-cu’.
lowlands, xe’-ki.
loyal, gi’-wi-ke.
I am loyal, e’-wi2-ke.
you are loyal, the’-wi"-ka.
we are loyal, i»’-wi®-ka i.
lucid, wa-cka’.
luckily, 0’-xo-be xtsi.
lucky, gi’-e-go™.
ludicrous, i’-xa-e-wa-the.
luggage, wa-ba’-xte.
lukewarm, ni’-da-stsu-e.
lumbago, wa-hi’ ni-e.
lumber, no”-ha tsi i-ga-xe (which see).
I bought a wagon load of lumber,
no™-ha tsi i-ga-xe u-thi’-to.-tha
u-gi’-pi wi" bthi-wi*.

LA FLESCHE]

luminous, da/-ko".
lunch, u-we’-wa-hu-stsa.
lunch (to), same as lunch.
lungs, tha’-xi.
lurk (to), bi-¢pe’.

I lurked, bi-gpe’ a-zho*.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

291

lurk (to)—continued.
you lurked, bi-gpe’ tha-zho2.
we lurked, bi-gpe’ 0®-zho” i.
lying (telling falsehoods), i’-xo-bee
shto*.
lynx, i®-gtho®’-gthe-zhe.

M

macadamize, a’-da-ga-xe.
I macadamized the road, a’-da-pa-xe.
you macadamized the road, a’-da-
shka-xe.
we macadamized the road, a’-da
o"-ga-xa 1.
machinery, we’-ki-k’o" (which see).
madam, wa-k’o’ ni-ka-to?.
madden (to), thi-wa’-zhi® pi-zhi.
I made him mad, _ bthi’-wa-zhi2
pi-zhi.
you made him mad, ni’-wa-zhi® pi-zhi.
we made him mad, o2-thi’-wa-zhi"
pi-zhi i.
maggot, wa-gthi’.
magic, wa-ko™ da-gi.
magnificent, wax-ka‘-da-zhi.
magnitude, gtho»’-the.
maiden, ga-go"’-ci; (2) wa’-thi-xa-zhi.
mail, wa-gthe’-ce.
mail carrier, wa-gthe’-ce k’i.
maim (to), wa-no”-ka-the; (2) ki’-u.
I maimed him, no”’-ka a-the.
you maimed it, no*’-ka tha-the.
main, u’-zhu.
majority, i-do™.
majority (to reach manhood), ni’-ka
no® thi-shto*.
make (to), ga’-xe; wa-ga-xe.
I make, pa-xe.
you make, shka-xe.
we make, 0®-ga-xa i.
we make of them, o”’-gi-the.
make (to) room, get out of the way,
gi’-thi-ko2.
make (to) way,
a’-ki-tha-zha-ta.
make (to) something for some one,
kshi’-xe.
I made something for him, a-kshi’-xe.
you made something for him, tha-
kshi’-xe.
we made something for him, o-
kshi-xa i.

clear the road,

malady, wa’-dsi-ni.
malaria, ba-hni’-tse; (2) ba-ni-tse.
male, do-ga’.
malice, i’-¢i.
malign (to, in a bad sense), ga-co™.
mallard duck, mi’-xa pa-to-ho (which
see); (2) pa’-hi-tu.
maltreat (to), thi-hi-dse; i’-xta.
I maltreated it, bthi’-hi-dse.
you maltreated it, ni-hi-dse.
we maltreated it, o"-thi‘-hi-dsa i.
man, ni’-ka.
the man is large, ni’-ka a-ka to®-ga
bi a.
the man rode the horse, ni’-ka a-ka
ka-wa to" a-gthi" bi a.
man (middle-aged), ni-ka-gko"-cka.
manacle, ba-xtse’.
I manacled him, pa’-xtse.
you manacled him, shpa’-xtse.
we manacled him, o®-ba’-xtsa i.
mane of a horse, ka’-wa pa-xi*.
white mane, pa’-xi"-c¢cka.
mange, ki-gthi’-k’i-tha.
your dog has the mange, sho*’-ge
thi-ta a-ka ki-gthi-k’i-tha o" bi a.
manger, mo®-hi®’-u-zhu.
manifest, wa-to™-i".
I manifest, it-wa-to”-i".
you manifest, thi-wa-to’-i?.
we manifest, we-wa’-to®-i i.
mankind, ni’-ka-shi-ga e-go*.
mantel, wa’-zhu.
manufacture (to), da’-ga-xe.
I manufacture, da-pa’-xe.
you manufacture, da-shka’-xe.
we manufacture, da-o™-ga-xa i.
I manufacture wagons, u-thi’-to®-tha
pa-xe.
you manufacture wagons, u-thi’-to-
tha shka-xe.
we manufacture wagons, u-thi’-to®-
tha o®-ga-xa i.
manure, ka’-wa i®-gthe.

292

many, hiu.
many horses, ka-wa hiu bi a.
many birds, wa-zhi™-ga hiu bi a.
many people, ni’-ka-shi-ga hiu bi a.
many trees, zho" hiu bi a.
there are many trees on my land,
mo®-zho® wi-ta tho® xtha-be ke
hiu bi a.
maple sugar, we’-sha-be-the-hiu zho®-
ni (which see).
maps, mo"-zho” wa-gthe-¢ce.
march (to), wa-mo”’-thi®.
the men marched away, ni‘-ka a-ba
wa-mo®-thi® a-tha bi a.
I marched, wa-mo”’-thi® bthe.
you marched, wa-mo*’-thi® stse.
March, Mi-u’-k’o" thi®-ge.
mare, ka’-wa-mi-ga.
margin, ko’-ha.
margin (narrow), ko*’-ha ke zhi-ga.
margin (wide), ko*’-ha ke to®-ga.
mark (to) by slitting the ears of
an animal, ba’-zha-ta.
I slit the horse’s ears to mark him,
ba’-a-zha-ta.
you slit the horse’s ears to mark him,
ba’-tha-zha-ta.
we slit the horse’s ears to mark it,
ba’-o®-zha-ta 1.
marksman, wa-ho’-to"-the we-ku-dse
pi-o".
I am a good marksman, wa-ho’-to®-
the we-ku-dse pi-mo®.
you are a good marksman, wa-ho’-
to®-the we-ku-dse shpi-zho?.
Marmaton, Kans., We’-ts’a u-zhi.
marriageable (woman), wa’-thi-xe-
tho"-cka.
marry (to), with reference to a
woman, wa’-thu-xe.
I am married, wa’-bthu-xe.
I married when I was very young,
o0»-zhi®-ga’-xtsi do® wa-bthi-xe.
you married when you were very
young, thi-zhi®-ga xtsi do™ wa-
ni-xe.
marry (to), refers to a man, gtho*-ge.
I am married, mi-a’-gtho®-ge i do.
marsh (a), mo®-ni’-shki-shki-ga.
marsh grass, mo®-hi” btha-cka.
marsh reed, pshi-shto’-zha (Phrag-
mites phragmites) .
marsh wren, mo?-hi*’-u-zho® zhi®-ga.
marshland, ni’-mo*-ho*.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

marvelous, u’-xta.

mash (to), ba-ni’ gu-dse.

I mashed the potatoes, do’-cka tse
pa-ni-cu-dse.

you mashed the potatoes, do’-gka
tse shpa-ni-gu-dse.

we mashed the potatoes,
tse 0®-ba’-ni-gu-dsa i.

master, wa-to”’-ga.

masticate (to), tha-to™-ho*.

I masticate, btha’-to®-ho*.

you masticate, shda’-to®-ho®.

we masticate, o®-tha’-to®-ho® i.

mastication, wa-no-bthe-tha-to®-
ho.

match (a), thi-po’-e; (2) thi’-pe-dse;
(3) pe’-dse ga-xe.

mate (to), ki-gthi’-gtho>.

mating (of birds or animals), ki’-
thi-xa.

mattock, mo®-ce’ ki-tha-ha-pa hi; (2)
we’-k’e.

mattress, u-mi’-zhe.

you must have a new mattress,
u’-mi-zhe tse-ga a-ni ko"-bthe go®.

mature, ni’-ka no®-bthi-shto?.

Iam mature, ni’-ka a-no®-bthi-shto*.

you are mature, ni’-ka tha-no®-stsi-
shto®.

mature (to), no™.

the girl has matured, she’-mi zhi®-ga
to® no® a-ho®.

maul (to), u-tsir’.

I mauled it, u-wa’-tsi*.

you mauled it, u-tha’-tsi®.

we mauled it, o®-gu’-tsi® i.

May, Hiu’-wa-thi-xtha-xtha zhu-dsa bi
(which see); (2) Xtha-¢ka zhi*-ga
tse-the (which see).

May apple, sho»’-gthi"-dse.

me, wi’-e.

meadowland, mo®-hi™ ga-ce mo®-zho?.

mean (to have in mind), e’-wa-ka.

I do not know what you mean, i?
da-do" e’-wa-tha-ke tse a-no”-
bthi*.

I meant it, e-go" xti e-a-wa-ke.

you meant it, e-go" xti e-wa-tha-ke.

he meant it, e’-go" xti e-wa-ka i ha.

who does he mean? be’ e-wa-ke a(?)

who do I mean? be’ e-a-wa-ke a(?)

who do you mean? be’ e-wa-tha-ke
a(?)

do’-cka

LA FLESCHE]

meander (to), ko”’-ha-ha.
I meandered, ni-ko®’-ha ke u-wa-pa.
you meandered, ni-ko”-ha ke u-
tha-pa.
we meandered, ni-ko*’-ha ke o-gu-
pa i.
meaningless, u’-ga-xe thi"-ge.
measles, zhu’-zhu-dse; (2) zhu’-dse
zhi®-e.
measure (a), we’-k’u-tse.
measurable, ha’-tho"-cka.
meat, ta.
I cut meat thin, ta’ do-ka tho" ba’-
a-bthe-ka.
meat pie, ta’ u-gtho?.
medal (a), mo”’-ce-ca wa-no®-p’i2,
medal (peace), same as medal.
meddle (to), u-i-e.
I meddle, u-wa’ i-e.
you meddle, u-tha i-e.
we meddle, 0®-gu’ i-a i.
meddler, wa-thi’-hi-dse.
mediate (to), wa-ba’-zhi*.
mediation, same as mediate.
mediator, wa-ba’-zhi®.
medicine, mo"-ko™.
Medicine-Man Creek, Kans., Pa’-
thit-wa-ko"-da-gi ga-xa.
meditate (to), wa-ki’-gthi-gtho"; (2)
wa-thi’-gtho.
I meditate, wa-bthi’-gtho.
you meditate, wa-ni’-gtho.
we meditate, o°-wo-thi-gtho* i.
meek, wa-xpa’-thi-ki-the; u’-k’o-tha-
gthir.
meet (to), as join together, a’-zho"-
gi-the.
meet face to face, ki’-ba-xtha.
I met them face to face, u-wa’-ki-ba-
xtha.
you met them face to face, u’-tha-
ki-ba-xtha.
meet together, a’-ki-ki-pa.
I met with them, wa’-a-ki-pa.
you met with them, wa’-tha-ki-pa.
we met in the forest, u-xtha-be ke-
dse o®-ga-ki-ki-pa i ha.
mellow, dsu’-dse.
the peach is mellow, ko*’-dse hit
stse-e a-ka dsu-dse a-ko.
melt (to), ¢ko.
melted, da’-cko.
I melted the lead, mo*®’ce-mo® da-
¢ko® a-the.

OSAGH DICTIONARY

293

melted—continued.
you melted the lead, mo®’-ce-mo®
da-¢ko® tha-the o.
we melted the lead,
da-¢cko® 02-tha i.
memento, u’-gi-ci-the.
memorable, gi-ci’-the wa-the.
a memorable day, o*"-ba’-the gi-ci-
the wa-the ha.
memorial (to make a), u’-gi-ci-the
ga-xe.
I made a memorial, u’-gi-ci-the pa-xe,
you made a memorial, u’-gi-ci-the
shka-xe.
we made a memorial, u’-gi-ci-the o-
ga-xa 1.
memorize (to), gi-ci’-the.
I memorize, a-gi’-ci-the.
you memorize, tha-gi’-ci-the.
we memorize, o®-gi’-ci-tha i.
menace (a), ko»’-tha.
mend (to), gi-ga’-xe; (2) pi-gi-k’o".
I mend, pi-a’-gi-k’o.
you mend, pi’-tha-gi-k’o,
we mend, pi-o-gi-k’o® i.
menstruation, ko”’-tse.
merciless, wa-tha’-k’e-tha-zhi.
I have no mercy, wa-tha’-k’e-a-tha
mo®-zhi.
you have no mercy, wa-tha’-k’e tha-
tha-zhi.
we have no mercy, wa-tha’-k’e o*-
tha ba-zhi i.
merriment, u’-gi-cu.
merry, gi’-cu.
I am merry, 0”’-cu.
you are merry, thi’-cu.
we are merry, wa-cu’ i.
messenger, wa-ba’-zhi.
metal, mo"-ce’.
meteor, mi-ka’-k’e u-xpa-the.
mica, i®’-ko®-ba.
midday, mi-tho’-to™.
middle, u-ko*®’-cka.
middle of a lake, dse u’-cko"-cka
dsi.
middle of the heaven (zenith), mi’-
u-ko"-cka.
midnight, ho»’-cko"-cka; (2) ho®-u-
to”-ga. (From a ritual.)
midriff, pa’-xe-no®-ta.
midwife, wa-ni’-e-u-thi"-ge.
might, wa-shko™.

mo*’-ge-mo®

294

migrate, wa-hi’-o".
birds migrate, wa-zhi*’-ga shki wa-
hi-o" no® bi o.
migration, ga-xtho" u-zho-ge.
mile (a), mo*-zho™ wa-tha-da-bi.
military honors, o-do™.
milk (to), ba-ce’-ni thi-stsu-e.
I milk, ba-¢e’-ni bthi stsu-e.
you milk, ba-ge’-ni hni stsu-e.
we milk, ba-ce’-ni 0®-thi-stsu a i.
milk, ba-ce’-ni.
milky way, wa-¢i’-da u-zho*-ge.
miller (a), ho’-we-tsi a-thi*.
million, wa-tha’-wa to®-ga.
mimic (to), u-ki’-o".
mine (denoting possession), wi-wi'-
ta.
mink, he’-xthi*.
my coat is trimmed with mink,
a’-ga-ha mi wi-ta tho" he’-xthi
ha a-ba-ta bi a.
minute (very small), wa-hu’-stsa
zhi®-ga; (2) wa-ho’-stsa zhi"-ga.
minute (a), ta-ce’ kshi-the.
mirage, da’-stsu-stsu-dse.
u-da’-bthu-bthu-e.)
I saw a mirage, mo®-xe da’-stsu-stsu-
dse to®-be ha.
You saw a mirage, mo”-xe da’-stsu-
stsu-dse shto®-be ha.
mire, mo?-cto’-¢to.
mirror, ni-u’-ki-gtha ts’i™.
description.)
mirthless, gi’-cu thi"-ge.
miscarriage, zhi®-ga’ tsi-the-the.
miscellaneous, e’-zhi-no*-tho"; (2)
da’-do® ho-i-sta-sta.
mischief-maker, wa-thi’-hi-dse.
mischievous, wa-cpa-zhi.
misconception, mo”-xe’ ki-the.
misconstrue, i’-e tha-e-zhi.
I misconstrue, i’-e btha-e-zhi.
you misconstrue, i’-e shta-e-zhi.
we misconstrue, i’-e 0®-tha e-zhi i.
misfortune, u’-k’o" e-go-zhi a-zho.-
gi-the.
I met with misfortune, u’k’o" e-go"-
zhi a-a-zho®-gi-the.
you met with misfortune, u’-k’o"
e-go"-zhi a-tha-zho"-gi-the.
misgiving, ko’-i-pshe.
I had misgivings, a-ko’-i-pshe.
you had misgivings, tha-ko’-i-pshe.
we had misgivings, 0’-ga-ko-i-psha i.

(Compare

(See Osage

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

mishap. (See adversity.)
mislead (to), u-xpa’-the-ga-xe.

I mislead, u-xpa‘-the pa-xe.

you mislead, u-xpa’-the shka-xe.

we mislead, u-xpa’-the o®-ga-xa i.

mispresent (to), e-go®-zhi u-tha-ge.

I mispresent, i’-e e-go"-zhi u-btha-ge.

You misrepresent, i’-e e-go®-zhi u-

shta-ge.

We misrepresent, i’-e e-go"-zhi o®-gu-

tha-gi o" ga-to™.

I misrepresented him, she’ thi»-ke
i-e e-go"-zhi u-btha-ge mi®-kshe.

miss (to) a mark, bo’-gtho"-tha.

I missed the mark, bo’-a-gtho®-tha.

you missed the mark, bo’-tha-
gtho*-tha.

miss (to) hold, bi’-gtho®-tha.

I missed the hold of it, pi’-gtho"-tha.

you missed the hold of it, shpi’-
gtho®-tha.

we missed the hold of it, o*-bi’-gtho2-
tha i.

miss (to) an object, ba-kshi»’-dse.

I missed the object, pa-kshi"-dse.

you missed the object, shpa’-kshi®-
dse.

we missed the object, o®-ba-kshi2-
dsa i.

miss (to barely) by kicking, no-
kshi-dse.

I barely missed kicking it, a’-no™
kshi2-dse.

you barely missed kicking it, tha-
no”’-kshi®-dse.

we barely missed kicking it, o®-no™-
kshi®-dsa i.

Mission House, Ta-pu-cka tsi.
Mississippi River, Ni To®-ga.
Missouri River, Ni-sho’-dse.

mist (a spray), i’-ki-sho-dse.

mist (fine rain), ni-zhiu’-xu-ta.
mistake (to make a), mo®-xe’ ki-the.

I made a mistake, mo®-xe’ a’-ki-the.

you made a mistake, mo®-xe’ tha-ki-
the.

we made a mistake, mo*-xe’ 0®-ki-
tha i.

mistletoe, no®-ni’-ba-tse (which see).
misunderstand, no-thi*.

I do not understand what you mean,
i=-da’-do® e’-wa-tha-ke tse a-no™-
bthi*.

misuse (to, in a bad sense), ga-¢go".

LA FLESCHE]

mittens, sha’-ge u-thi-xtha.
my mittens, sha’-ge u-thi-xtha wi-ta.
your mittens, sha’ge u-thi-xtha the-
thi-ta.
mix (to), i‘-ki-gtha-hi.
everything is mixed, da’-do® ¢a-ni
i’-ki-ni i-tsa bi a.
mix (to) several ingredients, i’-ga-hi.
moan (to), i’-ga-to®.
I moaned, i-tha’-ga-to*.
you moaned, i’-tha-ga-to®.
we moaned, o®-tho»’-ga-to® i.
I moaned with pain, o-ni-e go"
i-tha-ga-to®.
you moaned with pain, thi’-ni-e go"
i’-tha-ga-to2.
mob (a), ni’-ka-shi-ga a-mi-xe (which
see).
moccasin, ho"-be’. \
I stretched my moccasins by wearing
them, ho®-be’ a-gi-no®-ca-da.
moccasin sole, ho®-be’ a-gtho.,
mock (to), wa-tha’-ho-da.
I mocked (him), wa-btha’-ho-da.
you mocked (him), wa-shda’-ho-da.
we mocked (him), 0°-wo’-tha-ho-da.
mocking bird, i*’-be-stse-e-zhi"-ga.
modern (not ancient), i’-tso™.
modest, wa’-ba-gtha.
the girl is very modest, she mi zhi®-ga
a-ka wa-gthi® wa-ba-gtha bi a.
modest (shy), mo™-xi-ga.
the child is modest, zhi"-ga zhi*-ga
a-ka mo” -xi-ga bi a.
modest (as being humble), wa-xpa’-
thir.
that man is modest, ni-ka a-ka wa-
xpa’-thi" bi a.
modify (to) thi-ho™-gi-the.
I modified, bthi’-ho»-gi-the.
you modified, ni-ho’ -gi-the.
we modified, 0®-thi’-ho®-gi tha i.
moist, do’-ka; mo"-do’-ka; tsi*.
moistness, same as moist.
moisten (with finger),
kshi®.
molars, hiu-to™-ga.
I have a hole in a molar, hiu-to*’-ga
wi" o®-tha gu-dse ha.
molar tooth, we’-tha-xtho™-zhe.
molasses, zho®-ni’ ¢a-be.
mold, u-tsi’-k’a.
moldy, same as mold.

i-u’-gtha-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

295

mole (ground animal) wa-ba’-ho..
molest (to, in a bad sense), ga-co™.
Monday, Ho*’-ba pa-ho”-gthe.
money, mo”-ce ¢cka.
I have no money, mo”-ce cka o®-
thi-ge.
you have no money, mo*”-ce ¢ka
thi-thi™’-ge.
we have no money, mo”-ce ¢ka wa-
thi*-ga i.
monkey, hi-u’-dse.
Monster Creek, Kans.,
shka i-a-bi.
month, last, mi’-o"-ba ha-shi tse-dsi.
month, next, mi’-o*-ba o®-mo® ke-dsi.
month, this, mi’-o®-ba-the.
monument, i’"-cka bo-¢a.
moon, wa-ko-da ho2-do2,
new moon, u-zhi*’-ga.
the moon is round, mi’-o®-ba tho" da-
pa.
Mormon (a), Sho’-zho-e mo®-thi..
morning star, mi-ka’-k’e ho™-ba-do2
thi=-kshe.
morphine, mo®-ko” pi-zhi a-u-thi k’e
(which see).
morrow (next day), ga-con’-i?.
mortar (used with pestle), ho’-e.
mortgage, wa-we’-no®-xe to" (which
see).
mosquito (a), tha’-po"-ga; (2) gtha’-
po™-ge.
the mosquito bit me, gtha’-po®-ge
wi® o®-tha-xta-ga bi a.
mother, i-ho™; i-na (when addressing
the mother).
my mother, i’-no™-ho®.
your mother, thi-ho™.
mother-in-law, wa-k’o’ zhit-ga; (2)
i-ku-wa-ku zhi®-ga.
mother-in-law (a man’s), i-ko™.
motion (to make a), a’-tha-dse.
I made a motion, a’-btha-dse.
you made a motion, a’-shta-dse.
we made a motion, o-ga-tha-dsa i.
to second a motion, u-thu-a’-to”
a-tha-dse.
IT second the motion, u-thu-a’-to®
a-btha-dse.
you second the motion, u-thu-a’-
to® a-shta-dse.
we second the motion, u-thu-a’-
to” o®-ga-tha-dsa i.

Wa-gthu’-

296

motion (of a rocking-chair),
tha’-i-tha-tha.
motionless, shko -thi®-ge.
the leaves are motionless, zho™ a-be
ge shto® shti-wo" a-zhi.
motive, e’-wo".
moult (to), hi-ba-co’-dse.
mound, ba-do’.
mountain, ba-xu’-to®-ga.
mountainous, btha/’-xe.
mourn (to), gi’-ko".
I mourn for him, a-gi’-ko".
you mourn for him, tha-gi’-ko”.
we mourn for him, 0®-gi’-ko" i.
mourner, wa-xpa’-thi".
mourning dove, thiu’-ta.
mouse, i"-cho”-ga zhi-ga (which see).
mouth, i-ha’.
my mouth is sore, i’-ha te o™-ni-e ha.
mouth (corners), i’-the-dse.
move (to), shko".
I move, a’-shko®.
you move, tha-shko™.
move (to), ki-gthi-shko.
I move, a-ki’-gthi-shko.
you move, tha-ki’-gthi-shko".
we move, 0?-ki’-gthi-shko? i.
move (to) about, thi-she’.
move (to) among a crowd, u-ta’-no®
u-mo®-thi*.
move (to) therein, u-mo®-thi.
move (to) by pushing with a broom,
pa-dsi’-ce.
moving pictures,
(which see).
let us go to a moving picture, ke’-da-
xe-shko® wo"-ga-ba-no® o0®-ga-the
te ha.
mow (to), no®-ce.
I mow, a-no”’-ce.
you mow, tha-no”’-ce.
we mow, 0"-no”’-¢a i.
mower, mo®-hi™ i-ga-ce.
mucilage, we-a’-tha-cta.
mucus (from the nose), pa-xthi™.
Mud Creek, Olxla., Ga-da’-dse ga-xa.
muddle (to), i’-ki-ni.
1 muddled everything, da’-do" ¢a-ni
i’-ki-ni i-tsa bi a.
you muddled everything, da’-do® ¢a-
ni i’-ki-ni tha-the.
we muddled everything, da’-do® ca-
ni i’-ki-ui o®-tha i.

gor-

ke’-da-xe-shko”

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

muddy, ni’-o-sho-dse.
muddy (as applied to the condition
of a road), mo"-¢to’-¢to.
the road is muddy, u-zho™-ge mo-
cto’-cto.
mug (a), ni’-i-tha-to*.
mulberry tree (the Indian), zho’-
to hi.
mulberry
(Morus).
mule, no®-ta’ to®-ga (which see).
mumps, do’-dse i-ba; (2) ta’-hiu i-ba.
the boy has mumps, shi®’-to zhit-ga
a-ka ta’-hiu i-ba o7i ha.
munificent, wa-ga’-the-shto"; (2) wa-
xthi’-zhi.
murder (to), tho’-da wa-ts’e-the.
I committed murder, tho’-da wa-
ts’e-a-the.
you committed murder,
wa-ts’e-tha-the.
we committed murder, tho’-da wa-
ts’e-02-tha i.
murderer, tho’-da wa-ts’e-the shto.
muscle of the arm, a’-ko".
the muscle in my arm is sore, a’-ko"
o®-ni-e ha.
muscle of the jaw, hi’-zhu-ga-wa.
the muscle of my jaw aches, hi’-zhu-
ga-wa ke o®-ni-e.
muscle of the throat, do’-dse u-ga-wa.
muscle (large), ko™’-to®-ga.
mush, u’-ho"-ca-gi wa-dsu-dse.
mushroom, mi-ka’-k’e.
muskmelon, ¢a’-kiu i-shta-xi" i-ta.
muskrat, ta-ci’.
muss (to), u-thi’-bu-dse.
I mussed it, u’-bthi-bu-dse.
you mussed it, u’-shni-bu-dse.
we mussed it, o"-gu’-bu-dsa i.
mussels, tsiu’-ge-cka.
mustache, i’-hi*.
mute (a), i’-a-zhi.
mutter (to), gtho™-gtho*.
I muttered, gtho®’-gtho® bthi.
you muttered, gtho”’-gtho" ni.
mutton, ta-cka’ ta.
my, wi -ta.
my land, mo®-zho® wi’-ta.
mysteries, mo"-sho’-dse.
mysterious, u’-xta.
myth, hi’-go.

tree, zho” -da-da-¢e

tho’-da

LA FLESCHE]

N

nag (small horse), ka’-wa.
nail, mo” -ce tsi u-gthu-ga-do*.
nail (to), u-ga’-do®.
I nailed the floor, u-wa’-ga-do".
you nailed the floor, u-tha’-ga-do°.
we nailed the floor, 0®-gu-ga-do* i.
naked, thu-ka’-thi.
nap (to take a), tho’-ha zho" i-he.
I took a nap, tho’-ha a-zho".
you took a nap, tho’-ha tha-zho*,
we took a nap, tho’-ha o®-zho? i.
nape (of the neck), ta’-hiu.
napkin, i’-ha i-bi-ka.
narrate (to), o-tha’-ge.
I narrate, o-btha’-ge.
you narrate, o’-shta-ge.
narrative, u’-tha-ge.
narrow (too), u-thu-hi.
nausea, tho’-dse-ba-shto"-ga.
I am nauseated, tho’-dse-o-ba-
shto®-ga.
you are nauseated, tho®’-dse-thi-ba-
shto®-ga.
Navajo, Ha-xi"-gthe-zhe ga-xe.
navel, the’-ta-sho".
nay, ho’-ka-zhi.
near by, e-sho™’.
near (close together), ba-¢kiu.
near (short distance), a’-shka.
I walked a short distance, a’-shka
xtsi mo®-bthi*.
you walked a short distance, a’-shka
xtsi mo®-ni.
near (close by), tsiu’-go™ tha.
nearly, ho™-ni.
I nearly struck him, ho™-ni u-wa-
tsi2.
you nearly
u-tha-tsi*.
we nearly struck him, ho”-ni o*-gu-
tsi® ba-thi" i.
neat, wa-ci'’-hi.
I am neat, 0o*’-wo?-ci-hi.
you are neat, wa-thi’-¢i-hi.
the house is neat, tsi’tse u-¢i-hi.
neck (the), ta’-hiu.
neck of a buffalo, tse-pa-hi.
neck of a deer, ta-pa-hu-zhu.
necklace, wa-no"-p’i®; (2) no™-p’i®.
I wear this (necklace) around my
neck, no”’-a-p’i" ta mi®-ke ha.
you wear the (necklace) around your
neck, no®-a’-p’i" ta-te ha.

struck him, ho*-ni

OSAGE DICTIONARY

297

necklace of wampum, i”-i”
wa-no?-p’i2.
necklace, bead, hi®-cka’ wa-no®-p’in.

I caused the woman to wear a neck-
lace, wa-k’u the wa-no®-p’i2 to”
a-ki-the ha.

necromancer, wa-ko"’-da-gi.
need, wa-xpa’-thi*.

IT am in need, 0®-wo”™-xpa-thi®.

you are in need, wa-thi’-xpa-thi*.

we are in need, wa-wa’-xpa-thi® i.

needle, giu’-ka-hiu-ko"® (which see);
(2) ci’-ka-hiu-ka.

I broke my needle, giu’-ka-hiu-ko®
a-gthi xo" he.

give me a _ needle,
wi® o2-k’i a.

negress, ni-ka’ ga-e wa-k’o.

I have a negress for a cook, ni-ka’
ga-e wa-k’o wi® u-ho® ki-the
a-bthi*.

have you a negress for a cook? ni-
ka’ ca-e wa-k’o wi" u-ho® ki-the a-
ni a(?)

negro, ni-ka’ ¢a-be.

a negro servant, ni-ka’ ga-be wa-ga-

xtho.
neighborhood, ko™-ha-ha kshe.

a good neighborhood, ko»’-ha-ha-
kshe ni’-ka-shi-ga do"-ha bi a.

a bad neighborhood, ko®’-ha-ha-kshe
ni’-ka-shi-ga i-gi wa-tha bi a.

neighing, ka’-wa ho-to".

neither, o*-mo® no® shki 02-ka-zhi.
Neosho, Okla., Do’-ckiu-e-ga-xa.
nephew, i-tsu’-shka (which see).
nest, tsi’-he.

bird’s nest, hi®’-no™-xpe-gthe; (2)

wa-zhi’-ga tsi-he.
I found a bird’snest, wa-zhi*’-ga
hi*’-no™xpe-gthe wi® i-tha’-the ha.
you found a bird’s nest, wa-zhir’
-ga hi®’-no®-xpe-gthe wi" i’-tha-
the ha.
nettle weed, ha’-do-ga (which see);
mo2-hi” wa-xto" ha-do-ga.
neutral, 0®’-mo® no® shki u-thi-go®-ha
zhi.
nevertheless, tho*-zha’; (2)
tho®-zha; (3) e’-tho®-zha.
new, i*’-tso™; (2) tse’-ga.
newspaper, wa-gthe’-ce; (2) o’-tha-ge
wa-gthe-ce.

cka

ciu’-ka-hiu-ko®

e-go?-

298

next, u-thu-a’-to".
nice, tha’-gthi*.
nickel (5-cent piece), we’-the-wa-¢ca-
to®.
nickname, zha’-zhe wa ho-da.
niece, i-tsi’-zho"; (2) i-tsu’-zho®-ge;
(3) i-ho zhit-ga.
night, ho».
nighthawk, tse-shi®’-shi"-e; (2) psho»’-
shka.
night singing, ho" wa’-tho?.
nine, gthe’-btho® tse wi? thi®-ge.
nine spot (in deck of cards), sho™-ka
a-zhi.
nineteen, a-gthi™ gthe-btho™ tse wi?
thi2-ge.
nipple, ba-¢e i’-ta-xe.
nit, he-go" zhi*-ga.
no, ho®’-ka-zhi; 0°’-ka-zhi.
nobody, be’thi®-ge.
nocturnal, ho” -i-ni-do.
noise (to make a), u’-tsi-zhe ga-xa.
I make a noise, u’-tsi-zhe pa-xe o.
you make a noise, u’-tsi-zhe shka-
xe 0.
we made a noise, u’-tsi-zhe 0®-ga-xa i.
nominal, zha’-zhe no®.
nominate (to), a’-tha-dse.
T nominate, a’-btha-dse.
you nominate, a’-na-dse.
we nominate, o”’-ga-tha-dsa i.
nonchalant, a’-do®-ba zhi.
nonsense, u’-ga-xe thi"-ge.
noon, mi-tho’-to®.
North, Ba’-go»-dsi.
north wind, ta’-dse ba-¢o" tse.
nostalgia, wa-we’-gi-shu-ge.
I suffered from nostalgia, wa-gthi"
wa-we -a-gi-shi-ge ha.
nostrils, pa-xtho’-ge; (2) pa-zhu’-zhe
u-xthu-k’a.
not, zhi; (2) 0®’-ka-zhi.
it was not, zhi" da.
not so, ho®-ka-zhi.
I do not, mo™-zhi’; o®-ka mo®-zhi.
notch (to), ma’-cki-da.
I notched the stick, ma’-a-cki-da.
you notched the stick, ma’-tha-¢ki-da.
notches in a bow, mi*’-tse-ta-spe.
nothing, thi-ge’.
there is nothing like it in this land,
mo®-zho® the-ga-ha’ e-go" thi®-ge
a-tho®.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

notice (of a meeting),
u-tha-ge.
notification, no"-k’o™ wa-kshi-the.
I gave notification, o’-btha-ge the-a’-
the.
nourished, w’-k’i bi.
nourishment, wa-no”-bthe.
novel, u’-tha-ge ga-xe.
November, Ta-he’-ba-xo" bi; (2) Mi-
ka’-ki-thi-xa bi.
now, i*-cho"; the-go"’-dsi xtsi; (2)
hau.
now (at the present moment), hi"-
da’; (2) the-go»’-dsi.
now let me see, hi"’-da to®-be tse.
nowadays, ho*’-ba the-go-dsi.
nude, thu-ka-thi"; nu-ka-thi®; a’-tha-
ha thi®-ge.
nudge (to) with the foot, no®-cpo™.
I nudged him, a-no®’-¢po®.
you nudged him, tha-no»’-¢po?.
we nudged him, 0*-no*’-¢po? i.
nudge (to), to attract attention,
thi’-gpo.
I nudged him to attract attention,
bthi’-gpo.
you nudged him to attract attention,
ni’-¢po?.
we nudged him to attract attention,
o®-thi’-¢po” i.
nudge (to) with the elbow, ba-gpo™.
I nudged him with my elbow, pa-¢po".
you nudged him with the elbow,
shpa’-gpo2.
nuisance, a’-mo"-ka-zhi; (2) u-thu’-
ts’a-ge.
he is a nuisance, a’-mo®-ka-zhi wa-
tha bi a.
numbness (of hands or feet), gi-bi-
da’-ts’e-ga.
my feet are numb, ci-te-pi’-da-ts’e-ga.
your feet are numb, ci-te-shpi’-ts’e-
ga.
numerable, tha-wa’-u-mo"-ka.
nurse (to), u-wi’-ga sho".
I acted as nurse, u-we’-ga-sho®.
you acted as nurse, u-the’-ga-sho?.
we acted as nurse, o®-gu’-wi-ga-
sho? i,
nurse (to), as a child, ba-¢ge’-i"; (2)
wa-tha’-do*.

u’-thu-ce

LA FLESCHE]

oak ball, thi-xpi’-a-xe.
oak gall, no"-xu’-dse u-thi-po-ki.
oak tree, zho®-xu’-dse hi.
oak tree (black), pi-ci’ ¢a-be.
oak tree (red), pi-ci hi.
oak tree (short stunted), pa-xpe tse
shka.
oak tree (white), ta’-shka ¢ka hi.
oak tree (small stunted), ba-xpe.
oak tree (gray), zho® xu-dse (Quercus
borealis).
oar (for rowing a boat),
u’-thu-ga-hi.
oath (showing the hand in taking
an oath), no-be ba-ha.
oath (taken in court), sha’-ge ba-ha
kshi-the (which see).
obedient, da’-e tha-gthi*.
obey (to), u-gi’-pa.
he obeyed his father’s words, i-tha’-
dsi i-e u-gi’-pa a-ka o.
obey (to) a voice, a’-no»-k’o.
I obeyed the voice, a’-a-no®-k’o",
you obeyed the voice, a’-tha-no2-
k’o.,
we obeyed the voice, o®-ga-k’o® i.
object (to), i’-zhu-shi.
I object, i-tha’-zhu shi i2-do.
you object, i’-tha-zhu shi i do.
oblique, a’-thi"-bo-ca.
obliterate, bi-ka’; (2) a’-bi-no™-tha.
I obliterated it, a’-pi no®-tha.
you obliterated it, a’-tha no®-tha.
we obliterated it, 0°’-ga-bi no®-tha i.
obnoxious, wa’-ba-ko®-e-wa-the.
obscure (to be), wa-to™-i" a-zhi; (2)
a-no®-tha.
obstinate, a’-ho-pshe; (2) da’-e tha-
gthi® a-zhi.
obstruction, i-tha’-no»-ce.
obtain (to), u-kshe’-to”.
I obtained it, u-wa’-kshe-to®.
you obtained it, u-tha’-kshe-to".
we obtained it, 0®-gu’-kshe-to? i.
obvious, wa-to™-i*.
occupancy, u-gthi2.
occupation, u’-thi-to*.
occupied, u’-gthi*.
I occupied the
a-a-gthi*,
you occupied the chair, a-gthi tse
a-tha-gthi*.
67025—32——20

ba-dse

chair, a-gthi-tse

OSAGE DICTIONARY

299

October, Ta’-ki-thi-xa-bi.

octogenarian, u-mo®-i2-ka gthe-btho®
ki’-e do-ba (which see).

ocular (pertaining to the eye), do’-
be xtsi.

oculist, in-shta’ wa-ko"-da-gi.

the oculist, in-shta’ wa-ko®-da-gi
a-ka.

I went to an oculist, it-shta’ wa-ko®-
da-gi wi? to®-be pi.

you went to an oculist, i®-shta’
wa-ko®-da-gi wi shto®-be shi.

odious, wa’-ba-ko®-e-wa-the.
odor, btho».

the flower has a pleasant odor, xtha
¢cka a-ka btho" tha-gthi" bi o.

off, we’-hi-dse.

I went way off, we’-hi-dse pshi.

you went way off, we’-hi-dse shi.

offend (to), gi’-ba-ko" ga-xe.

I offend, gi’-ba-ko™ pa-xe.

you offend, gi’-ba-ko" shka-xe.

we offend, gi’-ba-ko® 0®-ga-xa i.

offensive language, wa-tha-zhu a-zhi.

I used offensive language, wa-btha’-
zhu mo®-zhi2,

you used offensive language,
shda‘-zhu a-zhi.

we used offensive language, 0-wo-
tha-zhu ba-zhi i.

offensive smell, btho’ pi-zhi.
offer (an), da’-do" ba-ha.

I made him an offer, bthi wit ko2-
btha e-go® da-do® e’-pa-ha.

you made him an offer, shni wi2
shko®-shda e-go™ da-do" the’-
shpa-ha.

offhand, i’-thi-gtho" thi-ge i-e.
office, u’-thi-to.

I went to my office, u’-thi-to" ti wi-ta
te-di bthe.

are you going to your office? u’-thi-
to® ti thi-ta te-di shni a(?)

officer, a’-ki-da.

officer of high rank, a’-ki-da wa-to2-
ga.

officious, wa-ga’-ts’a-e-zhi.

oil (for lubricating), we’-cta-the.

I want oil for my wagon, u-thi-to®-
tha wi-ta we’-¢ta-the a-gi ko»-
btha.

oilcloth, a-thi’-btha.

wa-

300

oil well, a’-da-ko® we-gthi® ni-hni.
an oil well is on my land, a’-da-ko®
we-gthi® ni-hni wi? mo®-zho" tho»-
di a-bthi" ha.
oily, tho’-tho.
ointment, ni-e’ i-cda-the.
old (as to age of man or beast), ts’a-
ge.
old (worn out), thi-xthi’-ge.
older brother (woman s), wi-tsi»’-do.
Old Village Site, To™-wo" thi-xthi-ge.
omelet, ba’-ta zhe-gtho.
I like an omelet, ba’-ta zhe-gtho®
o®-tha-gthi*.
do you like an omelet? ba’-ta zhe-
gtho® thi-tha-gthi" a(?)
Omaha, Nebr., U-mo*’-ho*.
omen, o’-be-hni.
he believes in omens, o-be-hni ge wi"
ke a-zhi a bo.
omit (to), u-i’-he kshi-tha-zhi.
I omitted it, u-i’-he a-kshi-tha mo-

zhi.

you omitted it, u-i’-he tha-kshi-tha
zhi.

we omitted it, u-i’-he o*-kshi-tha
ba-zhi i.

omnipresent, e-dsi’ zhi the thi-ge.
on (adv.), a.

I rode on a horse, ka’-wa to® a-a-

ethir.

I sat on a chair, a-gthi™ tho™ a-a-

gthir.

I sat on a hill, pa-he tho" a-a-gthi".
once, wi =-xtsi-o"; (2) wi®-a’-xtsi-o".
one, wi; (2) wi®-xtsi.

I want one, wi®-xtsi ko®-btha.
one by one, wi”’-tho®-tho.
one time, wi®-a’-xtsi-o".
one of two, 0”’-mo®.
one hundred, gthe’-btho" hu-zhi"-ga.
onions, mo®-zho"’-xe.

I like onions, mo®-zho™-xe a-tha-

gthir.

do you like onions? mon-zho"’-xe

thi-tha-gthi a(?)
onward, mo®-thi"-the.

I go onward toward the west, bthe

a-thi he-tha mi-hi-the kshe ta-ha.
open (to), as a door, thi-shu’-be; thi-i’-
ga-wa.

I opened the door, tsi’-zhe bthi-

shu-be.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

open (to), as a door—continued.
you opened the door, tsi’-zhe stsi-
shu-be.
(2) I opened the door, tsi’zhe bthi-i-
ga-wa.
you opened the door, tsi’-zhe ni-i-
ga-wa.
we opened the door, tsi’-zhe o®-thi-
i-ga-wa i.
open (to) wide, ga-wa.
open (to) eyes wide, i*-shta’-ga-btha.
I opened my eyes wide, i®-shta’ ’a-
btha.
open (to) eyes on some object, a’-ga-
btha.
I opened my eyes on it, i™-shta a’-
a-ga-btha.
you opened your eyes on it, i®-shta
a’-tha-ga-btha.
we opened our eyes on it, i*-shta
o®-ga’-ga-btha i.
open (to) a sore, ba-dsu’-zhe.
I opened the sore, pa-dsu-zhe.
you opened the sore, shpa’-dsu-zhe.
we opened the sore, 0®-ba’-dsu-zha i.
open (to) a covered box, thi-shi’-be.
I opened the box, bthi’-shi-be.
openly, wa-to™ -i®-xtsi.
operation, pa-da’-bi.
opinion (a bad), pi’-zhi a-zhi*.
oppose (to), a’-tho-to2.
I oppose, a’-a-ki-tho-to*.
you oppose, a’-tha-ki-tho-to®.
we oppose, 0” -ga-ki-tho-to" i.
opposite, a’-ki-thu-to2.
opossum, gi®’-e-sta.
orange, kon’-dse gi.
I want an orange, ko’-dse gi
ko2-btha.
you want an orange, ko™-dse gi wi?
shko®-shda.
orange tree, ko’-dse-gi hi.
orange blossom, ko*-dse’-¢i xtha.
oration, ki-cto’-i-e.
he delivered a fine oration, i-e tha-
gthi® ga-xa bia.
your oration was good, i-e tha-gthi®
shka-xe 0.
orbit (path of a star), mi-ka’-k’e
u-zho®-ge.
order (to), a’-ga-zhi.
order (an), da’-do® a-gi-tha-da.
ordinance, wa’ -ki-gtha-dse.

wit

LA FLESCHE]

orifice, u-k’u’-dse.
original, pa-ho’-gthe.
originate (to), thi-mo*’-gthe.
I originate, bthi-mo*’-gthe.
you originate, ni‘-mo"-gthe.
we originated it, o®-thi’-mo®-gtha i.
originator, mo*-gthe-tha; (2) wa-
mo”’-gthe-the a-ka.
oriole, xiu-tha’ e-go" zhi"-ga.
Orion’s Belt, Ta-tha’-bthi*.
orison (a prayer), wi’ -gi-e.
orphan (an), wa-ho™ thi -ge; (2) wa-
ho’-i2-ge.
orphanage, wa-ho”’-i"-ge tsi.
Osage orange, mi* -dse-shta hi.
osprey, sho’-sho-ka.
other (the), i-mo”; (2) 0”-mo.
other side, go’-da thi-sho".
other side (at the), mo*-co”-i’-ta.
Oto Tribe, Wa-zho’-xtha.
otter, to-hno*’-ge (which see).
otter-skin cap, to-hno™-ge wa-tha’-
ge.
oust (to), a’-shi-o®-tha.
I ousted him, a’-shi-o"-btha.
you ousted him, a/-shi-tha-o®-shna.
we ousted him, a’-shi-o®-o02-tha i.
outdistance (to), ga-xa’.
I outdistanced him, a’-xa.
you outdistanced him, tha’-xa.
we outdistanced him, 0®-ga’-xa i.
outermost, ga-sha’-be a-ta-xtsi.
outline (an), mo®-zho”-thi-xu kshe.
outlying, a’-ga-ha.
outrun, ga-xa’.
I can outrun you, ki-ba-no" tse wi-
a-xa tse zha-mi.
You can outrun me, ki-ba-no® tse
o®-tha-xa tse zha-mi.
I outrun, a’-xa.
You outrun, tha’-xa.
We outrun, 0®-ga’-xa i.
outside, a-shi’-ta.
outside (on the) of, a’-ga-ha.
I am outside of the house, tsi tse
a-ga-ha a-no®-zhi.
you are outside of the house, tsi tse
a-ga-ha tha-no®-zhi.

pacify (to), wa-tho’-da-the.
I pacified the people, ni’-ka-shi-ga
ba tho-da ki-the wa-pa-xe.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

301

outskirts, a-ga-ha-ta.
outstanding (debt), wa-thu’-ce ga-
shi-ba-zhi sho™-tse. ;
outstep, wa-ga’-xa.
outstretch, ba-ca’-da.
outstrip, ga-xa’; (2) wa-ga’-xa.
oval, gnu’-ka.
the egg is oval, ba-ta a-ba enu-ka
no” bi a.
oven, o-xtho’-k’a.
I roast meat in the oven, mo2-ce
o-xtho’-k’a ke wa-zhe a-gtho"no™,
You roast meat in the oven, mo®-ce
o-xtho’-k’a ke wa-zhe tha-gtha no,
overcome (to), u-hi’.
I overcome, u-wa’-hi.
you overcome, u-tha’-hi.
we overcome, 0”’-gu-hi i.
overalls, u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi® a-ga-ha.
my overalls, u-thu’-gi-no"-zhi" a-ga
ha wi-ta.
your overalls, u-thu’-gi-no"-zhi® a-ga-
ha thi-ta.
overhanging, a’-ga-stse-dse.
the branches are overhanging, zho’
ga-xa a-ga-stse-dse.
overshadow, a’-no®-tha.
overtake (to), u-xthe’.
I overtook him, u-wa’-xthe pshi.
you overtook him, u-tha’-xthe.
we overtook him, o®-gu’-xtha i.
owl (burrowing lives with prairie
dog), mo®-thi® xo-dse wa-da-ghte.
owl (gray), wa-po’-ge.
owl (white), i’-to® ¢ka.
owl (yellow), i’-to™ gi hi.
owner, wa-we’-ta.
I am owner of this house, tsi the’
wi-wi-ta.
you are the owner of this house, tsi
the’ thi-thi-ta.
oysters, tsiu’-ge-cka.
I eat oysters, tsiu’-ge-cka wa-btha-
tse no® a-tha.
do you eat oysters?
wa-na-tse no? a.
oyster shell, tsiu’-ge ni-shku-shku.
ooze (to), assap from a tree, a-xthu-e.

tsiu’-ge-cka

pacify (to)—continued.
you pacified the people, ni’-ka-shi-
ga ba tho-da ki-the wa-shka-xe.

302

pack (to), wa-ba’-xte.
I pack, wa-pa’-xte.
you pack, wa-shpa’-xte.
we pack, o"-wo"-ba-xta i.
packet (a small parcel), wa-ba’-xtse
zhi®-ga.
paddle (to), u-thu’-ga-hi.
I paddle, u-thu’-wa-ga-hi.
you paddle, u-thu-tha-ga-hi.
paid, a-gi’-shi-be.
I paid the boy,
to™ a-gi-shi-be.
you paid the man, ni’-ka to® tha-gi-
shi-be.
we paid the man, ni’-ka to” o®-gi’-shi-
ba i.
pail (tin), tse’-xe.
I have a tin pail, mo-ce_ tse-xe
wi" pa-xe.
you have a tin pail, mo*-ge tse-xe
wi® a-ni.
pain (to be in), wa-ni’-e.
my foot is in pain, ¢gi-o" ni’-e.
your foot is in pain, 0” thi-ni’-e.
we have a pain in our feet, ¢i-wa’-ni-a
i.
pain (to have), an ache, zhu’-ga ni-e.
I have a pain, zhu’-i-ga a-ni-e.
you have a pain, zhu-i-ga thi-ni-e.
paint (for the house), we’-¢cda-the.
I paint the house, tsi wi" ¢da-a-the.
you paint the house, tsi wit ¢da-tha-
the.
pallet, same as mattress.
pallor, ci’-hi.
pancake, wa-dsiu’-e btha-k’a.
I want pancakes, wa-dsiu’-e btha-k’a
ko2-btha.
you want pancakes, wa-dsiu’-e btha-
k’a shko®-shta.
pancreas, ta’-u-ko"-¢ka.
pane of glass, u-ga’-ho"-ba wa-ho-stsa.
panic, 0’-ko"-di-the.
I was in a great panic, o’-ko®-di-the
gtho"-the a-zho®-a-gi-the.
you were in a panic, o’-ko®-di-the u-
mo?-ni.
pant (to), he-he’.
I pant, a’-he-he.
you pant, tha’-he-he.
we pant, o®-he’-ha i.
Panther Creek, Okla.,
ga-xa.
panther, i*-gtho"-ga.
pantry, wa-no” -bthe u-zhi.

shi»’-to zhit-ga

I*-gtho®-ga

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

pants, u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi*.
I tore my pants, u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi®
a-gi-no® btha-¢e.
you tore your pants, u-thu’-gi-no®
zhi® o®-tha-no"-btha-ce.
I patched my pants, u-thu’-gi-no®-
zhi" a-a-gi pa-cta.
pantaloons, same as pants.
papaw, to’-zho"-ge (which see); hi»-
dse-hiu (which see).
papaw tree, to-zho® hi.
paper, ta-no’-k’a.
parallel, ga-ki’-ba.
parasol, u-i’-hni-zhi-ga.
I have a parasol, u-i’-hni zhi®-ga wi?
a-bthi*.
you have a parasol, u-i’-hni zhi®-ga
wi" a-ni.
parch (to), u’-thi-¢go*.
I parched the corn, wa-to-ci te
u-bthi-go®.
you parched the corn, wa-to™-gi te
u-ni-go®.
we parched the corn, wa-to”’-gi te
o®-gu’-thi-co?i.
pare (to), ba’-zha-be.
I pared the apple, she tse ba-a-zha-
be.
you pared the potato, do-cka tse
ba-tha-zha-be.
we pared the apples, o®-ba’-zha-ba i.
parrakeet, wa-zhi™-tu.
parrot, wa-zhi -to.
Parsons, Kans., Wa-gthi’-shka i-a-bi
to®-wo?®.
part (to), he’-be.
parted, zha’-ta. (See cloven.)
partial, he’-be-no®.
pass (to) by, i’-pshe.
men pass by, ni’-ka du-ba i-pshe.
pass (to) by an object, gthi-gthe’.
pass (to) along, tsi-the’-the.
I saw you pass along, tha-tsi’-ne
i-wi-the.
you saw me pass along, a-tsi-bthe
o®-tho®-tha-the.
passages, xthu’-ge zhi®-ga (which see).
past time, previous date, tho*-dsi.
patch (to), a’-ba-cta.
I patch my pants, u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi®
a-a-gi-pa-cta.
you patch your pants, u-thu’-gi-no®-
zhi* a-tha-gi shpa-cta.
we patched our pants, u-thu’-gi-no?-
zhi® 0®-ga-gi ba-¢ta i.

LA FLESCHE]

patch (to) a quilt, ha-cka u-ki-pa-tse.
path, u-zho”’-ge.
path in buffalo hunting, ga-xtho”
u-zho"-ge.
patience (to have), da’-a-mo®-ka.
I have patience, da-a’-a-mo®-ka.
you have patience, da-tha’-a-mo®-ka.
we have patience, da-o®-ga-mo"-ka i.
Ihave no patience with him, a’-a-mo-
ka mo*-zhi (applied to an unruly
boy).
patient, wa-zhi-stse-dse.
pattern, i’-go"-ce.
pauper, mo”-ce ¢ka thi"-ge.
the man is a pauper, ni’-ka-shi-ga
thi2-ke mo®-ce-¢ka thi®-ge.
pause, ga-to’.
pause (n.), he’-be ba-no®-the.
pausing, gthi-i-tho"-tho:.
pave (to) a road, a’-da-ga-xe u-zho"-ge.
I paved the road, a’-da-pa-xe u-zho®-
ge ke.
you paved the road, a’-da-shka-xe
u-zho"-ge ke.
we paved the road, a’-da-o"-ga-xa i
u-zho-ge ke.
Pawnee Tribe, Pa’-thi-mo*-ho"; (2)
Pa-i*.
paws; sha’-ge.
pay (to) a debt, ga-shi’-be.
I paid a debt, wa-thu’-ce tse a-shi-be.
you paid a debt, wa-thu’-ce tse
tha-shi-be.
we paid a debt,
o®-ga’-shi-ba i.
pay (to) a salary, u-kshe’-to®.
I paid him a salary, u-kshe’-to®
a-ki-e-tho.
you paid me a salary, u-kshe’-to®
o0®-tha-ki e-tho.
payment (by the Government),
wa-ki’-gtha-e wa-ga-shi-be.
peace, tho’-da.
peaceful, wa-shta’-ge.
peaches, ko"-dse hi® stse-e.
peaches (yellow), ko™-dse hi™ stse-e
tse Gi.
the yellow peaches are ripe, ko™-dse
hi stse-e tse ¢i a-ba dsu-dse a
bo.
peak, ba-xu’-pa-ci.
pecans, wa-da’-cto-cta.
pecan tree, wa-da’-cto-¢ta hi.

wa-thu’-ce tse

OSAGE DICTIONARY

303

peck (a measure), we’-ga-xto® wa-ho-
stsa.

I want a peck of potatoes, do’-cka
we-ga-xto® wa-ho-stsa wi® a-xtsi
ko-btha.

you want a peck of potatoes, do’-cka
we-ga-xto® wa-ho-stsa wi? a-xtsi
shko® shta.

peel (to), ba’-zha-be.
peel (to) bark off, thi-zha’-be.

I peeled the bark off, bthi’-zha-be.

you peeled the bark off, ni-zha-be.

peel (to) skin off, thi-xtho’-dse.

I peeled the apple, bthi’-xtho-dse.

you peeled the apple, ni-xtho-dse.

peep (to), u-ga’-ts’i2.

I peeped in the door, tsi’-zhe u-wa-
ga-ts’i".

you peeped in the door,
u-tha-ga-ts’i".

we peeped in the door, tsi’-zhe o"-gu-
ga’-ts’i? i.

pelts (animal skins), wa-ha’.
pelvis, ¢cit-dse-xthu-k’a.
pemmican, ta’-pshe.

I like pemmican, ta’-pshe 0”-gu.

you like pemmican, ta’-pshe thi-cu.

pen (writing), wa-gthe’-ce i-ga-xe.

I have a good pen, wa-gthe’-ce
i-ga-xe tha-gthi® xtsi a-bthi?.

you have a good pen, wa-gthe’-cge
i-ga-xe tha-gthi® xtsi a-ni.

pencil, we’-gthe-ce-the.

my pencil is black, we’-gthe-cge-the
wi-ta ga-be.

your pencil is red, we’-gthe-ce-the
thi-ta zhu-dse.

peninsula, ni-u’-ga-xthi i-ha tse (which
see).

penitence, u-thu’-ba.

penitentiary, mo"-co™ thi®-ta-a-ba-
sda (which see).

penknife, mo™-hi® zhi®-ga.

I gave him a penknife, mo®-hi®
zhi2-ga wi" a-k’i ha.

you gave him a penknife, mo’-hi®
zhi2-ga wi® tha-k’i.

we gave him a penknife, mo” -hi®
zhi2-ga wi® o®-k’i i.

penniless, mo”-ce ¢ka thi®-ge.
pennyroyal, pe’-zhe-tu-hu.
mosquitoes do not like pennyroyal,
tha’-po"-ge a-ba pe’-zhe tu-hu i-¢i
bi a.

tsi’-zhe

304

pension, a’-ki-da wa-gi-shi-be.
penurious, wa-tse’-xi.
Peoria, Indian Tribe, Tho’-tho*.
pepper, mo”-ko”’-pa.
pepper (black), mo"-ko™-pa ga-be.
pepper (red), mo®-ko™-pa zhu-dse.
pepper (white), mo"-ko™-pa ¢ka.
perceive, do” -be.
I perceive, a’-to™-be.
you perceive, a’-shko"-be.
we perceive, 0®-ga’-do®-ba i.
perceptible, wa-to’-i".
perch (a fish), hu-btha’-¢ka zhi®-ga.
perch are good to eat, hu-btha’-cka
zhi®-ga a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi bi a.
perch (flat) ho-btha’-cka.
percolate (to), u-xto™.
I percolate the coffee,
cga-be tse u-xto™ pa-xe.
you percolate the coffee,
ca-be tse u-xto® shka-xe.
we percolate the coffee, mo-ko”
ca-be tse u-xto® o"-ga-xa 1.
percussion, da’ -po-ki.
perennial, i’-gi-ha u-i.
the rose is perennial, xtha-cka a-ba
i-gi-ha u-i shna bi a.
perfection, tha’-gthi® xtsi.
perfidy, u’-shki-ga.
perforate (to), ba-xtho’-ge.
I perforated my ears, no®-ta wi-ta
pa-xtho-ge.
you perforated your ears,
thi-ta shpa-xtho-ge.
we perforated our ears, no®-ta 0®-ba-
xtho-ga i.
perforation, u-k’u-dse.
perform (to), ga’-xe.
I perform, pa’-xe.
you perform, shka’-xe.
we perform, 0"-ga’-xa i.
performer, ga’-xe a-ka.
he is a good performer, da-ga’-xe
pi-o” bi a.
perhaps, tse’-¢ko?.
pericardium (sac surrounding the
heart), tho®’-dse u-thi-xi" (which
see).
peril, perilous, i’-ko-i-pshe.
perish (to), xi’-tha.
I perish, a-xi-btha.
you perish, tha-xi-shda.
flowers perish, xtha-gka ba-shki xi-
tha-no® bi a tha.

mo2-ko™

mo®-kov

no®-ta

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, 109

perjure (to), i’-xo-be.
you perjured yourself, i-thi xo-be
a-tha.
permanency, permanent, ¢a-gi’ sho"-
sho®-e.
permissible, i’-gi-no®-hi" tho®-tse.
permission (to give), i’-gi-no"-hi".
I gave permission, i-tha’-gi-no™-hi",
you gave permission, i’-tha-gi-no®-
hit.
permit (to), same as permission.
perpendicular, tho’-to"-tse.
perplexing, ho’-tse gi’-wa-tse-xi.
perplexity, no™-thit; (2) o-k’o" wa-
no®-tha-zhi (which see).
perquisites, u’-wa-ga-shi-be a-gthi-
ha.
persecute (to), thi-hi’-dse.
I persecute, bthi’-hi-dse.
you persecute, stsi’-hi-dse.
we persecute, 0®-thi’-hi-dsa i.
persecutor, wa-thi’-hi-dse a-ka.
persimmon, ¢ta-i®’-ge.
persimmon tree, ¢ta-i®’-ge hi.
persistence, da’-a-mo»-ka.
personally, u-zhu’ a-ka.
I who stand here, u-zhu a’-to”-he.
you who stand here, u-zhu tha-to"
she.
personate, e-e’-ki-ka-xe.
personify, tha-ni’-ka-shi-ga;
ka-shi-ga ga-xe.
perspiration, u-da/’-bthi.
perspire (to), ba-xi’-dse.
I perspire, 0°’-ba-xi-dse.
you perspire, thi’-ba-xi-dse.
perspiring, u-da’-bthi.
I am perspiring, o"-wo” -da-bthi.
You are perspiring, u-thi’-da-bthi.
We are perspiring, u-wa’-da-bthi i.
pestle (used with a mortar), ho’-
we-pa.
persuade (to), a’-pe.
I persuade, a’-a-pe.
you persuade, a’-tha-pe.
we persuade, o”’-ga-pa i.
persuade (to) against, i-gi-zhu-shi.

(2) ni’-

I persuaded against it, i-tha’-gi-
zhu-shi.

you persuaded against it, i’-tha-gi-
zhu-shi.

we persuaded against it, o*-tho®-gi-
zhu-shi i.
pertaining to, e-ta’-o-ba-he.

LA FLESCHE]

perverse, u’-shki-ga.
he is perverse, u’-shki-ga bi a.
perversion, thi-e’-zhi.
perversity, u’-shki-ga.
petition, wa-da’.
petrify (to), i’*-ki-the (which see).
petroleum, a’-da-ko® we-gthi".
pettifogger, wa’-ki-e.
I dislike a pettifogger, wa’-ki-e zhi»-
ga ba we-a-ci.
pharmacy, mo*-ko™ tsi.
phlegm, ho’-xpe-xthi-xthi.
photograph, i-dse’ wa-gtha-ce.
physician, wa-ko" -da-gi.
I sent for a physician, wa-ko»’-da-gi
gi-bo" the a-wa-ki-the ha.
pick (to) from the ground, ba-hi’.
I picked from the ground, pa’-hi.
you picked from the ground, shpa’-hi.
we picked from the ground, o*-
ba’-hi i.
pick (to) up, i’-ba-sda-dse.
I pick up, ipa’-sda-dse.
you pick up, i-shpa’-sda-dse.
we pick up, 02-tho®-sda-dsa i.
pick (to) fruit, ko*-dse thu-we.
I pick fruit, ko™-dse thu-we.
you pick fruit, ko-dse stsu-we.
pick (to) corn, ha’-ba thu-ce.
I pick corn, ha-ba bthu-ce.
you pick corn, ha’-ba ni-ce.
we pick corn, ha’-ba 0®-thu-¢a i.
pick (to) flowers, thi’-ce.
I pick flowers, xtha-cka bthi-¢e.
you pick flowers, xtha-cka ni’-ce.
we pick flowers, xta-cka o0®-thi’-¢a i.
pickerel, ho-gthe’-zhe; (2) hu-gthe’-
zhe; (8) ho’-stse-e-zhi®-ga.
picket (post stuck in the ground),
we -u-ga-shke gtho2.
pickles, ko-ko-ma ts’a-the.
pickles (sweet), ko-ko-ma ¢ki-the.
pie, ko™-dse u-gtho®; (2) wa-dsiu’-e
ko®-dse u-gtho*.
meat pie, wa-dsiu-e ta u-gtho*.
piece (of anything), he’-be.
piece by piece, he’-be tho®-tho..
pierce (to), ba-xtho’-ge.
I pierced (my ears), pa’-xtho-ga.
you pierced (your ears), shpa’-xtho-

ga.
we pierced (our ears); 0®-ba’-xtho-
ga i.
pierced for earrings, no®-ta’-ba-
xthu-ge.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

305

pig, ko-ko’gi.
pigsty, ko-ko’-ci a-ba-ta.
pigeon, thi-ta.
pigeon (white), thi-ta cka.
pigeon (gray), thi-ta xo-dse.
pignut, ¢a’-gthu-hi; po”’-to"-ga zhi®-ga.
pile (to place in a pile), a’-kia-cta.
I piled the wood, zho™ tse a-kia-cta
pa-xe.
you piled the wood, zho tse a-kia-
gta shka-xe.
we piled the wood, zho™ tse a-kia-
gta o®-ga-xa i.
pilfer (to), wa-mo”’-tho®.
it is bad to pilfer, wa-mo»’-tho® tse
pi-a-zhi ha.
pillow, i*’-be-hi*.
pillow (feather), mo” -sho® i*’-be-hi®.
pillow (hard), i®’-be-hi" ¢a-gi.
pillow (large), it’-be-hi" to®-ga.
I like a soft pillow, i®-be-hi® shto"-ga
xta a-the ha.
you like two pillows, i2-be-hi" tho®-ba
xta tha-the ha.
pimples, i-dse’-ha mo®-cta.
pin (common), giu’-ka hiu-ka ta-xe
(which see).
pincers, we’-thi-stsu-e.
I lost the pincers, we’-thi-stsu-e ke
u-xpa’-the a-the ha.
you found the pincers, we’-thi-stsu-e
ke i’-tha-the ha.
pine tree, ba’-co hi.
I like the smell of the pine tree, ba’-
go® hi tse u-thi-btha xta a-the ha.
pinion, mo*’-sho® xu-be.
pink, zhi-hi.
a pink rose, xtha-cka zhi’-ni wi® the
tse.
pinkish, zhu’-dse e-go".
pious, wa-ko*’-da i-thi-gtho" (which
see).
he is very pious, wa-ko»’-da i-thi-
gtho® i-ha.
pipe (for smoking), no®-ni’-0"-ba.
I cleaned the bowl of my pipe, no®-
ni’-o"-ba a-gi pa’-gu-dse.
you cleaned the bowl of your pipe,
no®-ni’-o®-ba tha-gi shpa-gu-dse.
pippin (an apple), she’-to®-ga.
I want a red apple, she’-to®-ga zhu-
dse wi® ko2-btha.
you want a sweet apple, she’-to®-ga
gki-the wi? shko®-shta.

306

piqued, gi’-ba-ko®.
I am piqued, o”’-ba-ko® ha.
you are piqued, thi’-ba-ko™ ha.
pirogue, ba-dse’ zhi®-ga.
pistol, wa-ho’-to*-the pa.
I have a pistol, wa-ho’-to®-the pa
wi® a-bthi® ha.
you have a pistol, wa-ho’-to®-the pa
wi® a-sti® ha.
pitcher (water), i’*-ko"-ba ni-u-tho-
zhu.
pitcher (glass), ni’-u-thu-zhu.
pitchfork, mo®-hi™ i-ba-xtho®-ge.
lend me your pitchfork, mo?-hi”
i-ba-xtho®-ge thi-thi ta-ke 0®-wo"
ki o!
pith, zho”’-u-cu.
pitiless, wa-tha’-k’e-tha-zhi.
pity (to), tha-k’e’-wa-the.
I pity them, tha-k’e’-a-wa-the.
you pity them, tha-k’e’-wa-tha-tha.
we pity them, tha-k’e’-o®-wo”-tha i.
pity (to) one’s self, tha-k’e-ki-the.
placard, u’-we-to®-i" ga-xe.
place (to) one object on another,
a’-gtho*.
I placed it on the other, ga-ha a-a-
gthor.
you placed it on the other, ga-ha’
a-tha-gtho®.
we placed it on the others ga-ha’
o®-ga-gtho® i.
place (to) around object on another,
a’-ki-gthor.
place (to) something perpendicu-
lar on another, a-gthe.
I placed it standing on the other,
a’-a-gthe.
you placed it standing on the other,
a-tha-gthe.
we placed it standing on the other,
o®-tha-gtha i.
place (to) small object on a saddle,
a’-ta-gthe.
I placed it on the saddle, a’-a-ta-gthe.
You placed it on the saddle, a’-tha-
ta-gthe.
we placed it on the saddle, 0*’-ga-ta-
gtha i.
place frequently, u-gtha’-gtha.
he placed, i-tse’-the. (From a ritual.)
placid (as a quiet lake), niu’-thu-
btha-ge.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

placid (as applied to water),
xthu’-zhi.

plan (to) to benefit another, wa-gi’-
thi-gtho*.

plank (board), no”’-ha btha-gka.

I walked on a plank, no™-ha btha-
¢ka a-a-pshe.

you walked on a plank, no*’-ha btha-
¢ka a-tha-pshe.

plank (floor board), no*’-ha-a-no®-
ku-ge.

plant (to), a’-mo®-gthe.

plant (to place a pole in the ground),
bo’-ga.

I planted the pole, zho" gthe ke bo’-
a-ca to®-dse ke dsi.

you planted the pole, zho™ gthe ke
to"-dse ke no’-tha-ga.

plant (to), u’-zhu.

I plant corn, ha’-ba u-wa-zhu.

you plant corn, ha’-ba u-tha-zhu.

we plant corn, ha’-ba o®-gu’ zhu i.

I have been to plant corn, u-zhu pshi
a-tha.

you have been to plant corn, u-tha
zhu she a-tha.

we have been to plant corn, u-zhu’
08 ga-hi bi a-tha.

plaster, tsi-a’-bi-shta-be.
plate (a dish), hi*’-dse btha-k’a.

I put the plate on the table, hi*’-dse
btha-k’a tse a-wa-no"-bthe ga-ha i
tse a-the.

plate (china), hi»’-dse btha-tha; hi®’-
dse btha-xe.

plats (of land, as charts), mo®-zho”
wa-gthe-¢e.

Platte River, Nebr., Ni-btha’gka.

play (to), as to frolic, shka’-dse.

I play, a-shka’-dse.

you play, tha-shka’-dse.

we play, o®-shka’-dse i.

play (to) upon, a’-gi-shka-de.
play (to) a trick on some one, thi’-
ho-da.

I played a trick on him, bthi’-ho-da.

you played a trick on him, ni’-ho-da.

we played a trick on him, o*-thi’-
ho-da i.
playful, wa-da’ thi-ge.
pleasantry, wa-tha’-ho-da.
pleased (to be), tha-gthi*.
I am pleased, 0’-tha-gthi*.
you are pleased, gi’-tha-gthi®.

ni-

LA FLESCHE]

pleasing to look at, u-ta’-ca.
pleasure, gi’-cu; (2) gi-do™-ho"; (3)
u’-gi-cu.
Pleiades, Ta-pa.
plenty, u-tsi; u-she.
plenty (to have), da’-do™ to".
I have plenty, da’-do® a-to*.
you have plenty, da’-do® tha-to.
we have plenty, da’-do" 0®-to” i.
plenty (enough), u-thu’-thi®-ga-zhi.
I have plenty for all, u-thu’-thi-
this-ga mo*-zhi.
you have plenty for all, 0®-tho®’-wo®
thi®-ga a-zhi.
plentiful, u’-she.
the corn is plentiful, wa-ha’-ba u-she.
pliers, we’-thi-stsu-e.
plover (a), tsi™’-zhi"-ga.
plow (to), we.
I plow, a-wa’-e.
you are plowing, wa-tha’-e.
we are plowing, 0°-wo"-a i.
plow (n.), mo®’-ce we-e.
lend me your plow,
o2-wo® ki o.
I broke my plow,
a-gthi-xo.
you broke your plow, mo”-ce-we-e
tha-gthi2-xo".
pluck (to) a feather, thu-shta.
I plucked the chicken, ciu-ka zhi"-ga
thi2-ke bthu-shta.

mo” -¢ge-we-e

mo”’-ce-we-e

you plucked the chicken, giu-ka
zhi®-ga thi2-ke stsu-shta.
did you pluck the goose? mi-xa

thi2-ke ni-shta a(?)
pluck (to) corn, xa-pe-no".
plum, ko"’-dse.
I am eating plums, ko’-dse btha-tse
mi kshe o.
you are eating plums,
sta-tse ni kshe o.
plumage, mo”-sho*.
plume (a), same as plumage; also,

ko’-dse

wa’ -gthe.

plume, ornamental, ¢ka’-gthe wa-
gthe.

plunder (to take or rob), da’-do™
wa-gi’-sha.

plunge (to), ni’-u-bi-do?.
I plunged, niu’-pi-do*.
you plunged, niu’-shpi-do*.
we plunged, niu’-o"-gu-bi-do? i.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

307

pneumonia, thiu’-e ni-e.

he has pneumonia, thiu’-e ni-e 0” bio.
pocket, u’-zhu.
pocketbook, mo”-ce-cka u-zhu.
pocket gopher, mo*-ni’-ga; (2) mo-

in’-ga.

pockmark, i®-dse’ xtho-xtho-ge.
point (to), a’-ba-cu.

I point at the tree, zho™ tse a’-pa-cu.

you point at the tree, zho™ tse
a’-shpa-cu.
we point at the tree, zho" tse 0®-ga-
ba-cu 1.
point (to) with the finger, i-tha’-ba-
gu.
point (to) the muzzle of the gun,
ba-hi’-dse.

I pointed the gun lower, pa-hi-dse.
you pointed the gun lower, shpa’-
hi-dse.
we pointed the gun lower, o*-ba-
hi-dsa i.
point, pa-ci'’.
pointer (a), we’-a-ba-cu.
poison, mo®-ko™ pi-zhi.
he drank poison, mo®-ko’ pi-zhi
tha-to*.
poker (a), no”’-xpe.
pokeweed, ba-cu’.
polemic, wa-zha’-shto*.
pole (ridgepole of tent), i’-ca-e.
polestar, mi-ka’-k’e mo*-thi"-zhi; (2)
mi-ka-k’e wa-¢cpe.
policeman, a’-ki-da; (2) u’-thi-ge.
polish (to) metal, bi-tse’-ga.
I polish the gun, wa-ho-to*-the ke
pi-tse-ga.
you polish the gun, wa-ho-to-the
ke shpi-tse-ga.
polish (to) wood or stone, ba-shta’-
ha.
I polish stone, i’" pa-shta-ha.
you polish stone, i?" shpa-shta-ha.
we polish stone, i?" o*-ga-ba-shta-
ha i.
polisher, we’-bi-shda-ha.
poll tax, we’-thi-xthi ga-shi-be.
the poll-tax must be paid, we’-thi-
xthi ga-shi-be tse o-ga’-shi-be
ta i ke.
pollute (to) water, ni’-i-ci-gi-ge ga-xe.
I polluted the water, ni’-i-ci-ci-ge
pa-xe.

308

pollute (to) water—continued.
you polluted the water, ni’-i-gi-gi-ge
shka-xe.
we polluted the water, ni’-i-¢i-ci-ge
0*-ga-xa i.
pomme blanche (white apple), do’-
gthe (which see).
pommel, no”’-ka-gthe-pa.
Ponca language, Po"-ka, i-e.
Ponca Tribe, Po"-ka.
pond (a), ni’-da-pa.
ponderous, ¢ki’-ge.
see the ponderous fish, ho’-ho gtho"-
the ¢ki-ge ke do®-ba.
poniard, mon®-hi"-pa-ci-¢co-be.
pontoon, ba-dse’-btha-¢ka.
the soldiers made a pontoon, a-ki’-da
a-ba ba-dse-btha-cka wi" ga-xa
bi a.
pony, ka-wa zhi®-ga.
I ride my pony, ka’-wa zhi®-ga a-a-
gi-gthi".
you ride your pony, ka’-wa zhi®-ga
a-tha-gi-thi*.
poor, u-thu’-ta-thi"; (2) wa-xpa’-thi*.
I am very poor, o0®-wo-xpa-thi®
wa-gthi*.
you are very poor, wa-thi’-xpa-thi?
wa-gthi*.
pop corn, ha’-ba da-po-ki.
I like pop corn, ha’-ba da-po-ki
o*®-gu no® a-tha.
popgun, ba-po’-ki.
I have a popgun, ba-po’ki wi® a-
bthis.
you have a popgun, ba-po’-ki wi® a-ni.
poppy mallow, mo"-ko™ to®-ga zhi"-ga
(which see).
populous, ni’-ka-shi-ga u-tsi’.
porch, a’-no"-ku-ge.
I have a nice porch, a’-no®-ku-ge
tha-gthi® wi® a-bthi*.
you have a big porch, a’-no®-ku-ge
gtho®-the wi® a-ni.
porcupine, pa’-hi" (which see); (2)
hi™-wa xa-ga.
pork, ko-ko’-¢i ta.
I like pork, ko-ko’-¢gi ta o®-gu no®
a-tha.
do you like pork? ko-ko’-¢i ta
gu a.
portend (to), u’-be-hni.
porter, tsi’-zhe-be a-ki-da.
portion, he’-be.

thi-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

portly, shi® to"-ga; tse’-ce gtho™ the;
wi'-u-gthe e-zhi.
he is portly, shi’ to"-ga bia.
portress, wa-k’o’ tsi-zhe-be a-ki-da
(which see).
position, u’-thi-to*.
I am in a good position, u’-thi-to®
tha-gthi® xtsi u-wa-no®-zhi.
you have a good position, u’-thi-to®
tha-gthi® xtsi a-ni.
possess (to), to".
I possess, a’-to™.
you possess, tha’-to®.
we possess, 0®-to® i.

possible, e-go" tho*-tse; tho®-ta’;
he’-go".
it is possible I can go, bthe’ tho®-tse
a-tho.
it is possible you can go, stse’ tho.-
tse a-tho.

it is possible we can go, o®-ga’-the

tho®-tse a-tho.
postage stamp, wa-gthe’-ge wa-tha-
gta; (2) wa’-tha-¢cta-gtho*.

I want five postage stamps,
gthe’-ce wa-tha-cta ga-to®
btha.

posterity, i’-ki-da-the-the.
postman, wa-gthe’-ce-k’i.

the postman brought the paper,
wa-gthe’-ce-k’i" a-ba u-tha-ge wa-
gthe-ce wi" a-thi a-tsi bi a.

Postmaster General, Wa-gthe’-ce
u-tsi gi-wa to®-ga.

post oak, zho-xo-dse hi. This tree
is sometimes known as the iron
oak, but should not be confused
with the ironwood.

post office, wa-gthe’-ce u-tsi (which
see).

pot, tse’-xe.

potato, do (which see).

Irish potato, do’-¢ka.

potent, mo®-ko” u-tha-to® e-no*.

pothanger, tse’-xe i-ko" the.

pothook, tse’-xe i-ko"-the.

pottery, mo”-i"’-ka tse-xe.

pottery is made of clay, mo®-i®’-ka
tse-xe tse mo®-i’-ka-cka i-ga-xa
bi a.

poultry, ¢iu’-ka zhi®-ga.
pounce upon (to), wa-ko™-tha.

I pounced upon (him), a-wa’-ko»-
btha,

wa-

ko-

LA FLESCHE]

pounce upon (to)—continued.
you pounced upon (him), wa-tha’-
ko2-shta.
we pounced upon
ko®-tha i.
pound, u-tsi™.
pour (to), ni’-ga-xto"; (2) wa-ga’-xto®.
I pour water, ni’ a-xto™.
you pour water, ni’-tha-xto?.
pout (to), xtho*.
I pout, a-xtho*.
you pout, tha’-xtho*.
we pout, o®-ga’-xtho® i.
poverty stricken, wa-xpa’-thi*.
the people are poverty stricken,
ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ba wa-xpa-thi" bi
a-tha.
powerful, wa-shko” gtho-the.
practical, we’-ga-xe tho”-tse.
prairie (belonging to), to™’-dse-gi.
prairie chicken, mo™-no*-i*.
prairie dog, mo®-thi™ xo-dse.
prairie fire, u-gtha’-ge.
praise (to), tha-do™-he.
I praised him, btha’-do®-he.
you praised him, shta’-do»-he.
we praised him, o®-tha-do®-hai.
pray (to), wi’-gi-e.
I pray, wi-a’-gi-e.
you pray, wi -tha-gi-e.
prayer, wi -gi-e.
praying mantis,
shta to®-ga.
preach (to), wa-go"’-ce.
I preach, wa-po”’-¢e.
you preach, wa-shko»’-ce.
we preach, 0®-wo-"’-go®-¢a i.
precarious, ho*’-tse wa-ha-gi-the.
precede (to), pa-ho”’-gthe the.
I precede, pa-ho”’-gthe bthe ha.
you precede, pa-ho"’-gthe shne ha.
preceptor, wa-go"-ce.
preceptress, wa-go™-ce wa-k’o.
precious, u’-xta.
precious stone, i’" u-xta wi".
he sells precious stones, i?" u-xta we-
thi-wi® no® bia.
precipice, mo”’-ha stse-dse.
precipitately, u’-he-ca-zhi u-xpa-the.
precise, e-go" xtsi.
preeminence, da’-wa-ga-xa
see).

(him), o®-wo-

wa-gthu’-shka i®-

(which

OSAGE DICTIONARY

309

preempt, i-ta’-ki-the.

I preempt, pa-ho”’-gthe i-ta-a-ki-the.

you preempt, pa-ho"-gthe i-ta-tha-
ki-the.

prefer (to), go™-tha.

I prefer white, ¢ka te ko*-btha.

you prefer black, ca-be tse shko®-
shta.

pregnancy, wa-tse’-ce u-thi®-ge.
prejudiced, gi’-ho” a-zhi thi shto®.

I am prejudiced, o™-ho® mo®-zhi i*
do.

you are prejudiced, thi’-ho® a-zhi i®
do.

premature (as applied to birth),
zhi®-ga’ u-ts’e.

preparation, i’-ki-gthi-shto*.

prepare (to), i’-ki-gthi-shto*.

I prepared the meat for cooking, ta
u-wa-ho® ko®-btha tho® i’-ki-gthi-
shto® pa-xe he.

you prepared the meat for cooking,
ta u-wa-ho® shko®-shta tho® i’-ki-
gthi-shto® shka-xe he.

present to another, k’i.

I presented it to him, a-k’i.

you presented it to him, tha-k’i.

we presented it to him, o®-l’ii.

preside, a’-gthi*-gi-wa-to"-ga.

I preside, a’-gthi"-gi-wa-to®-ga bthe.

you preside, a’-gthi®-gi-wa-to®-ga ni.

President, Tsi’-go-a-bi wa-to™-ga.
press (to) the ground, a’-bi-co*-dse.

I press to the ground, a’-pi-go®-dse.

you press to the ground, a’-shpi-¢o-
dse.

we press to the ground, 0*’-ga-ba ¢o"-
dsa i.

press down (to), making compact,
u-ba’-cki.

I pressed it compact, u-pa-¢ki.

you pressed it compact, u-shpa-¢ki.

we pressed it compact, o®-gu’-ba-¢kii.

pretend (to), wa-mo-xe-the; go™-¢e.

I pretend, po-ce’.

you pretend, shko™-ce’.

we pretend, 0®-go™-¢a i.

pretext, wa-tho”’-dse-shi go™-ge (which
see).
pretty, u-ta’-ca.
it is very pretty, u-ta’-ca wa-gthi>.

310

prevail (to), u-hi’.

I prevail, u-wa’-hi.

you prevail, u-tha’-hi.

we prevail, 0®-gu’-hi i.

prevent (to) anything from blow-
ing, a’-no®-co"-dse.

I prevented it, a’-a-no®-¢o®-dse.

you prevented it, a’-tha-no*-co®-dse.

prevent (to) from moving, a’-ba-t’u.

I prevented it from moving, a’-pa-
tu.

you prevented it from moving, a’-
shpa-t’u.

we prevented it from moving, 0°’-ga-
ba-t’u i.

prickly, wa-xa’-ga.

primary, pa-ho"’-gthe.

principal, wa-to®-ga; (2) wa-ba’-xi;
(3) u’-zhu.

print, da’-gthe-zhe the.

I print, da’-gthe-zhe a-the ha.

you print, da’-gthe-zhe tha-the ha.

we print, da‘-gthe-zhe o®-tha i.

prison, ho-no®-pa-ce tsi.

he went to prison, ho™-no"-pa-ce
tsi tse u-gthi" a-tha bia.

privacy, as a consultation, no®-xtho”
ha.

I want a private consultation with
him, no®-xtho® ha u-wa-ki-e ko®-
btha ha.

private (a soldier), a’-ki-da zhi®-ga.
prize (to), u’-xta.

I prize it, u’-xta pa-xe.

you prize it, u’-xta shka-xe.

we prize it, u’-xta o"-ga-xa i.

prized, gi’-wa-xthi.

I prized it, o®’-wa-xthi-ha.

I prized my watch, mi u’-tha-ge tho”
o®-wa-tse-xthi ha.

you prize it, thi’-wa-xthi ha.

you prize your ring, no®-be u’-thi-
xtha tho® o®-wa-tse xthi ha.

probate (to), wa-gthe’-ce ga-xe.

I probated it, wa-gthe’-ce pa-xe.

you probated it, wa-gthe’-ce shka-xe.

we probated it, wa-gthe’-ce 0®-ga-xa i.

probe (to), search, a’-ga-cu.

I probe, a’-a-ga-cu.

you probe, a’-tha-ga-cu.

we probe, 0®-ga‘-ga-cu i.

probe (to) a wound, ba-gu’-dse.
I probed (the wound), pa-gu-dse.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

probe (to) a wound—continued.
you probed (the wound), shpa’-gu-
dse.
we probed (the wound), o®-ba’-gu-
dsa i.
proceed (to), wa-mo”-thi"-the.
I proceed, gi bthu’-the ha wa-mo*-
thi® te.
you proceed, gi-ni’-the ha wa-mo®-
thi® te.
we proceed, gi o®-thu’-tha i wa-mo*-
thi" te.
proceeds, o’-kshe-to®.
proclaim (to), o-tha’-ge the-the.
I proclaim, o-btha’-ge the-a-the.
you proclaim, o-sta’-ge the-tha-the.
we proclaim, o*-gu’-thu-ge the-o"-
tha i.
procreator, wa-mo”’-pshe-the.
prodigious, gtho*’-the.
profusion, u-bu’-dse.
there were flowers in profusion, xtha-
cka keu-bu-dse ga-xa bi a.
prominence, u-zhu-a’-gi-zhi®-bi.
promissory note, mo”-ce-cka u-da
wa-gthe-¢e.
I gave a promissory note, mo™-¢ge-¢ka
u-thu-da wi" a-wa-ki.
promptly, thu-e’-xtsi.
he went promptly, thu-e’-xtsi a-tha
bi a.
pronounce (to), tha-dse’.
I pronounce, btha’-dse.
you pronounce, shda’-dse.
we pronounce, o®-tha’-dsa i.
proposal (a), da’-do® ba-ha.
prosperous, ni’-ka-do"-he.
prostrate (to), kshe.
prostrate (to lie), ga-ca’-da hi-zho*.
I lay prostrate, o*-a’-ga-da hi-zho*.
you lay prostrate, thi-a’-ca-da_hi-
zho®,
protect (to), a’-ki-no®-zhi*.
I protect, a’-a-no®-zhi" ha.
you protect, a’-tha-no®-zhi*.
you protect him, ni’-ka-shi-ga to®
a-tha gi-no®-zhi.
we protect, o"-ga’-gi-no®-zhi® i,
protégé, da’-i-tha-do®-ba bi.
protest (to), i’-zhu-shi.
I protest, i-wi-gi-zhu-shi.
you protest, i-tha-zhu-shi.
we protest, 0®-tho™-zhu-shi i.

LA FLESCHE]

protrude (to), u-ba’-he.

my foot protrudes, ¢i-te u-ba-ha ta
e-o?-tho®-be ha.

your foot protrudes, gi-te u-ba-ha de
e-thi-tho®-be ha.

provender, wa-da-gthe wa-no*-bthe.
provoke (to), u’-ba-ko2.

I provoked him, gi-ba-ko" pa-xe ha.

you provoke me, gi-ba-ko" o®-shka-
xe ha.

provoking, wa’-ba-ko®-e-wa-the.
prowess, wa-ci’-ci-ge.
prunes, ko»’-dse ¢a-be.

I eat prunes, ko’-dse ga-be btha te
ha.

you eat prunes, ko*’-dse cga-be shta
tse ha.

prudence, no”™-xe ga-ci’.
public, ni’-ka-shi-ga ¢a-ni.
pucker (to) the mouth, u-thi’-xtho?.

I puckered my mouth, i-te u-bthi’-
xtho..

you puckered your mouth, i-te u-ni’-
xtho®,

we puckered our mouths, i-te o*-gu’-
thi-xtho? i.

Pueblo Tribe, I’"’-da-pa we-tsi*.
pugilism, da-ge’.
pugilist, da’-ge ni-ka-shi-ga.

I like to see a good pugilist, da-ge
ni-ka-shi-ga pi-o® the do™-be o*-¢u
no" a-tha.

pull (to) with the hands, thi’-do*.

I pull, bthi’-do>.

I pulled the boat, be-dse ke bthi-do®
ha.

you pull, ni’-do”.

pull (to) boots or shoes on, u-thiu-
xtha.

pull (to) hard, u’-he-cga-zhi thi-do.

pull (to) for some one, gi’-thi-do".

pull (to) the hair, thi-pa-mo*-ke-dse.

I pulled his hair, bthi’-pa-mo-ke-

dse.

you pulled his hair, ni’-pa-mo?-ke-
dse.

pull (to) one to the ground, thi-xi’-

tha.

I pulled him to the ground, bthi-xi-
tha.

you pulled him to the ground, ni’-
xi-tha.

we pulled him to the ground, o0°-thi’-
xi-tha i.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

311

pull (to) bark off a tree, thi-xthu’-dse.
I pulled the bark off, bthi’-xthu-dse.
you pulled the bark off, ni’-xthu-dse.
we pulled the bark off, o®-thi’-xthu-
dsa i.
pullet, ciu’-ka mi-ga zhi™-ga.
I have a white pullet, giu’-ka mi-ga
zhi»-ga cka wi® a-bthi*.
pulsation, ko®-bo’-ci-¢i.
pulse (the), bu’-ci-ci.
pulverize (to), ga-to’-be.
I pulverized the sugar, zho®-ni’ te
a-to-be ha.
pulverize (to), smash ripe fruit, thi-
xtho»’-zhe; ga-sho-ge.
I pulverized it, bthi-xtho®-zhe.
you pulverized it, ni’-xtho®-zhe.
we pulverized it, o®-thi’-xtho®-zha i.
pulverized, to’-ba-the.
puma, i"-gtho™-ga.
pump (a), ni i’-thi-ce.
the town pump, to®-wo" ni-i-thi-ce
te.
I went to the pump for water, ni
i’-thi-ce te dse ni a-pi-pi ha.
pumpkin, wa-to™.
the pumpkin is yellow, wa-to™ tho?
ci.
pumpkin vine, wa-to™ hi.
pumpkin pie, wa-to™ ko"-dse u-gtho?.
punch (to) holes, u-ba’-ku-dse.
punch (to) with an awl, ba-xthu’-ge.
I punched, pa-xthu-ge.
you punched, shpa’-xthu-ge.
we punched, o?-ba’-xthu-ga i.
punch (to) full of holes, ba-dsu’-tha.
I punched, pa-dsu-tha.
you punched, shpa’-dsu-tha.
we punched, o®-ba’-dsu-tha i.
punishment (for violating law), we’-
cga-be wa-kchi-xe.
punk (decayed wood), zho*’-tsi-k’a
(which see).
purchase (to), thi-wi™’; wa-thi-wi?.
I purchase, bthi’-wi"; wa-bthi-wi?.
you purchase, ni’-wi"; wa-stsi-wi®.
we purchase, 0®-thi’-wi® i.
I will purchase the house, tsi’ tse
bthi=-wi2 ta a-to® hi o.
purify (to), wa-gi’-hi ga-xe.
I purify, wa-ci’-hi pa-xe.
you purify, wa-ci’-hi shka-xe.
we purify, wa-ci’-hi 0®-ga-xa i.
purple, tu-hu zhu-dse e-go*.

312

purse, mo”’-ce-cka u-zhu.
pursue (to), thi-xe’.
I pursue, bthi’-xe.
you pursue, ni’-xe.
we pursue, 0®-thi’-xa i.
pursued, xthi’-bi.
I pursued him, bthi’-xe ha.
you pursued me, 0®’-thi-xa i ha.
push (to), ba-do™.
I push, pa’-do?.
you push, shpa’-do®.
we push, 0®-ba’-do? i.
push (to) against, a’-ba-co"-dse.
push (to) apart, ba-ki-tha-ha.
I pushed apart, pa-ki-tha-ha.
you pushed apart, shpa’-ki-tha-ha.
we pushed apart, o®-ba-ki-tha-ha i.
push (to) away to make clean, no*-
ku.
push (to) down from a height, u-ba’-
spa-the.
push (to) one’s self in a boat, ki-
pa-do®.
I push myself, a-ki’-pa-do".
you push yourself, tha-ki’-pa-do*.
we push ourselves, 0®-ki’-pa-do® i.
push (to) one backward, ba-mo"”-
the i-the-the.
I pushed him backward, pa-mo*’-
the i-the-a-the.

you pushed him backward, shpa-
mo*’-the i-the-tha-the.
we pushed him backward, o®-ba-

mo?®-the i-the-o®-tha i.
push (to) and make slide, ba-xu-e.
I pushed it and made it slide, pa’-
xu-e.
you pushed it and made it slide, shpa-
xu-e.
we pushed it and made it slide, o”-
ba-xu-a i.
push (to) down with the hands, ba’-
ta-the.
I pushed it down, pa-ta-the.
you pushed it down, shpa-ta-the.
we pushed it down, 0®-ba-ta-tha i.
push (to) till one falls, ba-xi’-tha.
I pushed till he fell, pi’-ka-shi-ga pa-
xi-tha.
you pushed till he fell, ni’-ka-shi-ga
shpa-xi-tha.
we pushed till he fell, ni’-ka-shi-ga
o*®-ba-xi-tha i.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

push (to) one back, a’ba-ts’u.
I pushed him back, a’-pa-ts’u.
you pushed him back, a’-shpa-ts’u.
we pushed him back, 02-ga’-ba-ts’u i.
push (to) through a thicket, ba-tsi’-
tsi-zhe.
I pushed through the thicket, pa’-
tsi-tsi-zhe.
you pushed through the _ thicket,
shpa’-tsi-tsi-zhe.
push (to) upside down, ba-ki’ -gtha-

sho®.

I pushed it upside down, pa’-ki-
gtha-sho®.

you pushed it upside down, shpa’-

ki-gtha-sho*.
we pushed it upside down, 0®-ba’-
gtha-sho® i.
put (to) away food, pi’-gthe.
I put food away, wa-no*-bthe te
pi-a-gthe.
you put food away, wa-no"-bthe te
pi-tha-gthe.
put (to) away one’s things, i-tho”-
. gi-the; i-te-the.
I put my plow away, mo*’-ce-we-e
tho® i-tho®-a-gi-the.
you put your plow away, mo”’-¢e-
we-e tho" i-tho" tha-gi-the.
put (to) forth greatest effort, ha’-
xti-k’o".
I put forth great effort, ha’-xti-a-ki-
k’o2,
you put forth great effort, ha’-xti-
tha-ki-k’o.,
we put forth great effort, ha’-xti-o"-
ki-k’o" i.
put (to be) out of one’s house,
a’-shi-o®-tha.
I was put out of my house, a‘-shi-
o*-o8-tha i ha tsi wi-ta te-di to.
you were put out of your house,
a‘-shi-thi-o®-tha i ha tsi thi-ta di
to*.
put (to) out a fire, ga-gthe’-zhe.
I put out the fire, a’-gthe-zhe.
you put out the fire, tha’-gthe-zhe.
we put out the fire, o®-ga’-gthe-zha i.
put (to) wood on the fire, zho™
u-wo',
I put wood on the fire, zho™ u’-wa-o®.
you put wood on the fire, zho™
u- tha-o*.

LA FLESCHE]

put (to) on shoes, ho"-be’ u-to*.
I put on my shoes, ho®-be u-wa-to*.

you put on your shoes, ho®-be
u-tha-to®.

we put on our shoes, ho*-be 0®-gu-
to® i.

put (to) down something erect,
ki’ -i-tse-the.
I put it down, ki’-i-tse-a-the.
you put it down, ki’-i-tse-tha-the.
we put it down, ki’-i-tse-o"-tha i.
put (to) down to rest, ki’-i-no"-the.
I put it down to rest, ki’-i-no®-a-the.

quadruped, wa-dsu’-ta hi u-gthe do-ba
(which see).
quaff (to), tha-to»’.
quail (a), u’-shi-tsi-the wa-ga-xe; (2)
sho"’-pa-gthe-ce (which see).
quandary, no”-thi*.
I am in a quandary, a-no”™-bthi*.
you are in a quandary, tha-no”’-nig
we are in a quandary, o®-no”-thi® i.
Quapaw Creek, Okla., U-ga’-xpa
ga-xa.
quarrel (to), ki-ki’-zhi*.
I quarrel, a-ki’-zhi*.
you quarrel, tha-ki’-zhi*.
quarrelsome, da-ge’-shto".
quart (a), ni’-we-l’u-tse.
a quart of milk, ba-ce’-ni ni-we-k’u-
tse wi.
quarter of a dollar, ga-shpe’ tho®-ba.
give me a quarter, ga-shpe’ tho®-ba
wit 02-k’i o. (See bit.)
queen (in deck of cards), zhe-ga’-
zhi®-ga (which see).
question (to), i-tho®-xe.
I questioned the boy, shi®-to-zhi?-ga
the i’-btho®-xe ha.

rabbit, mo2-shti*’-ge (sometimes called
cottontail).

I searched the woods for a rabbit,
hu-xtha-be ke ho’-to™-be pa-xe
mo®-shti®-ge wi" i-tha-the ko»-
btha.

OSAGEH DICTIONARY

313

put (to) down to rest—continued.
you put it down to rest, ki’-i-no™-
tha-the.
we put it down to rest, ki’-i-no®-
o®-tha i.
putrefied, do-zha’-the.
putrefy, tsi’-k’a.
puzzle (to), gi-no®’-thi" ga-xe.
I puzzled him, gi-no®’-thi® pa-xe ha
ni-ka-shi-ga thi.
you puzzled him, gi-no™-thi shka-xe
ha.
we puzzled him, gi-no®’-thi" o0®-ga-
x2

Q

question (to)—continued.
did you question him? i’-shto®-xe a(?)
question, wa-we’-mo?-xe.
he asked you a question, wa-we’-thi-
mo?-xa i.
quick, wa-to’-ge.
quick movement, thi"-hau.
quicksand, pi-ca’ ga-da-dse.
quickly, wo"-go".
go quickly, wo-go" tha thi ho.
quick-tempered, tho-dse wa-he-he.
he is quick tempered, tho’-dse wa-
he-ha i ha.
quick-witted, wa-thi’-gtho? ¢i-¢i.
quiet, wa’-cpe; xthi-u’-zhi.
quietly, xthu’-zhi.
quiet water, ni-xthu’-zhi.
quill, mo”’-sho® u-¢a-gi.
quinine, a-tsi® ga-ba-xe.
quirt, we’-ga-zhi*.
quiver (a), mo”-zhu (which see) ; mo”’-
zhi.
I have a puma-skin quiver, i2-gtho™-
ga mo*-zhu wi? a-bthi" ha.
quoits, da’-pa.

R

rabbit (jack),
stse e.
I shot a jack rabbit, mo-shti® no2-ta
stse e a-ku’-dse ha,
raccoon, mi-ka’.
raccoon tail, mi-ka’ git-dse.

mo*-shti"-ge no®-ta-

314

race (to), ki’-ba-no*.
I ran a race, a-ki’-ba-no*.
you ran a race, tha-ki’-ba-no*.
we ran a race, 0®-ki’-ba-no" i.
radiant, thi-gthi’-gthi-e.
the sun is radiant, mi a-ka thi-gthi-
gthi-a i ha.
radiate, da’-stsu-dse.
radish, do’-gthe-zhu-e.
I like radishes, do’-gthe zhu-e 0®-cu
no® a-tha.
raft, zho"-ni’ (which see).
rage, gi’-ba-ko".
he was in a rage, wa’-gthi® gi-ba-ko®
bi a.
ragged, btha-btha’-ce; (2) dsiu’-tha.
I am ragged, o®-dsiu’-a-tha.
you are ragged, thi-dsiu’-a-tha.
we are ragged, wa-dsiu-a-tha i.
to wear to rags, bi-dsiu’-tha.
I wore my clothes to rags, pi-
dsiu’-tha.
you wore your clothes to rags,
shpi’-dsiu-tha.
we wore our clothes to rags,
o®-bi’-dsiu-tha i.
ragweed, mo*-hi™’-pa.
raid (a), ko™-tha.
he was killed in a raid, wa-ko”’-tha
i-do" t’e-tha i ha.
rail (to, in a bad senss), ga-co™’.
railroad station (depot), u-ba’-no?-
the.
meet at the railroad station, u-ba’-
no"-the te-di o”-ki-pa tse.
railroad ticket, wa-gthe’-ce zhi®-ga
(which see).
I lost my railroad ticket, wa-gthe’-ce
zhi®-ga 0®-wo®-xpa-the i" do.
rain, ni-zhiu’.
It was a hard rain, ni-zhiu’ wa-gthi"
bi a-tho.
the rain has stopped, ni-zhiu’ a-ka
thi-shto"® a-ka o.
rainbow, to-sni’-gthe; (2) tu-hni-gthe.
I saw the rainbow, to-sni’-gthe ke
i-tha-the ha.
rained (to be) on, a’-no™-zhi®.
it rained on you, a’-thi-no®-zhi*.
it rained on me, 0 -no®-zhi®.
it rained on us, wa-no”-zhi® i,
raise (to), lift up, ba-ho™.

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[BULL. 109

raise (to) an object by pushing,
ba-mo”’-shi.
I raised it with my hands, pa-mo-
shi.
you raised it with your hands, shpa’-
mo®-shi.
we raised it with our hands, 0®-ba’-
mo®-shi i.
raisins, ha’-ci biu-ce.
rake (to), as dead leaves from the
ground, wa-thu’-xa.
I raked leaves from the ground, wa-
bthu’-xa.
you raked leaves from the ground,
wa-ni'-xa.
we raked leaves from the ground,
o®-wo"’-thu-xa i.
rake (garden), we’-thu-xe.
ram (to), as a gun, u-ba’-cki.
I rammed the gun, wa-hu-to®-the ke
u-pa’-cki.
you rammed the gun, wa-hu-to"-the
ke u-shpa’-cki.
we rammed the gun, wa-hu-to®-the
© ke 0®-gu’-ba-cki i.
ramrod, wa-ho’-to®-the i-thi-ci-hi.
ran away, ko’-pshe.
I ran away, a-ko-pshe.
you ran away, tha-ko’-pshe.
we ran away, 0”’-ga-ko-phsa i.
I ran away from harm, a-ha’-ce.
rancor, gi’-ba-ko®.
random, ho”’-shki.
he went at random, ho*’-shki a-tha
bi a.
rape (to), mi’-a bi-co"-dse.
rapids, niu’-i-xa-xa; (2) niu’-ga-hi-tha.
rare, i’-ts’a-the.
rare (as uncooked meat), dsu’-dsa-
zhi e-go®.
rascal (a),
e-wa-the.
raspberries, tse’-xtha-tsi.
the raspberries are good to eat, tse’-
xtha-tsi a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi®
bi a.
rat, in-cho’-to™-ga.
rat poison, i"-cho™ to®-ga i-ts’e-the.
rattle (to), thi-ca’-thu.
I made it rattle, bthi’-ca-thu.
you made it rattle, ni‘-ga-thu.
we made it rattle, o®-thi’-ga-thu i,

ni’-ka-shi-ga wa-ba-ko®

LA FLESCHE]

rattle (to) by pushing, ba-ca’-thu.
rattlesnake, she’-ki.
I am afraid of rattlesnakes, she’-ki
no" a-wa-pe.
raven, ka’-xe to™-ga.
ravenous, wa-no"-bthe to"-ga.
I am ravenous, wa-no™-bthe to®-ga

bthe.
you are ravenous, wa-no?-bthe to®-ga
ni.
we are ravenous, wa-no®-bthe to"-ga
o®-tha i.
ravine, o-k’o’-be; u-k’u’-be.
raw, ca-ka.

raze (to), as to tear down, ga-ta’-the.
I razed the house, tsi tse bthi-ta-the.
vou razed the house, tsi tse ni-ta-the.
we razed the house, tsi tse 0®-ga-ta-
tha i.
razor (a), i®-dse-hi" i-ga-ts’u (which
see).
the razor is sharp, i®-dse-hi® i-ga-
ts’u ke pa-hi wa-gthe.
reach (to) u-hi. (From a ritual.)
reach (to) over the head, u-thu-hi’.
reach (to) home, ki; (2) kshi.
I reached home, a-ki.
you reached home, tha-ki.
(2) has he reached home? kshi a.
Yes, he has reached home, ho’-
we, a-kshi bi a.
read (to), wa-gthe’-ce tha-dse.
I read, wa-gthe’-ce btha-dse.
you read, wa-gthe’-ce stsa-dse.
ready (to be), ha’-ha.
I am ready, ha’-ha aki-the ha.
you are ready, ha’-ha tha-ki-the ha.
real, reality, e-go™-xtsi.
reap (to), wa-bo’-cke ga-ce.
I reap, wa-bo’-cke a-ce.
you reap, wa-bo’-cke tha-ce.
we reap, wa-bo’-cke 02-ga-¢a i.
reaper, wa-bo’-cke i-ba-xtse.
rear, ha shi’-ta.
rear (in the), da’-ce-ta-ha.
I sat in the rear, da’-ce-ta-ha a-gthi®
ha.
you sat in the rear,
tha-gthi® ha.
we sat in the rear,
o®-gthi® i.
reassert (to), shi e’-gi-tho".
I reassert, shi e’-gi-pe.

67025—32——21

da’-cge-ta-ha

da/’-ce-ta-ha

OSAGE DICTIONARY

315

reassert (to)—continued.
you reassert, shi e’-gi-she.
we reassert, shi e’-o"-gi-tho? i.
reason, e’-wo?.
the reason, a’-i-the.
recall (to), i'-gthi-gtho".
I recall, i-tha’-gthi-gtho*.
you recall, i’-tha-gthi-gtho..
we recall, 0®-tho»’-gthe-gtho? i.
recapture, wa-gi -gtha-she.
recede (after a flood), a’-tha-xi™,
recede (to), ni-a’-tha-do".
He threw himself upon the waters,
Mo’-ki-cit-dse tsi-the do" a’
And the waters receded.
Ni’-a-tha do” i-he-the to® a’.
(From a ritual.)
receipt for money paid, u’-we-to®-i?
gi-k’i.
receive (to), thu-ce’.
I receive, bthu’-¢e.
you receive, ni’-ce.
we receive, o®-thu’-¢a i.
recent, i’-tso®-ga.
recently, tse’-ga.
he has come recently, tse’-ga a-gthi
bi a.
receptacle, u’-zhu.
recess, ba-no”’-the.
reciprocate, ki-gthi’ xo-be; (2) tho’-
da-the.
reciprocity, tho’-da-the.
recite (to), a-tha-de.
I recited, a’-btha-de.
you recited, a’-na-de.
we recited, 0”’-ga-tha-da i.
reckless, i’-thi-gtho" thi2-ge.

I am reckless, i’-thi-gtho" thi®-ge
pa-xe ha.

you are reckless, i’-thi-gtho™ thi*-ge
shka-xe ha.

recklessness, same as reckless.
reckon (to), tha-wa’.
I reckon, btha-wa’.
you reckon, shta-wa’.
we reckon, 0®-tha’-wa i.
reclaim (to), gi-ko®-tha.
I reclaimed my land, mo-zho”
tho" a-gi-ko® btha ha.
you reclaimed your land, mo®-zho”
tho» tha-gi-shko®-shda ha.
recline (to), as when attacking,
a’-thi-ko®.

316

recline (to), as asleep, a’-thi-ko"
zho®.
I reclined, a’-thi-ko" a-zho”.
you reclined, a’-thi-ko™ tha-zho.
we reclined, a’-thi-ko® 0®-zho? i.
recluse (a), a’-ga-ha-ta mo*-thi®.
recognize (to), i’-gi-ba-ho».
I recognized him, i-tha’-gi-pa-ho?.
you recognized him, i’-tha-gi-shpa-
ho®.
we recognized him,
ho® i.
recollect (to), gi-ci’-the.
I recollect, a-gi’-ci-the.
you recollect, tha-gi’-gi-the.
we recollect, o®-gi’-gi-tha i.
recommend (to), tha-tha’-gthi*.
I recommend, btha’-tha-gthi*.
you recommend, shta’-tha-gthi*.
we recommend, o®-tha’-tha-gthi® i.
recompense (to), wa-gi’-shi-be.
I recompensed him, a-gi’-shi-be.
you recompensed him, tha-gi’-shi-be.
we recompensed him, o®-gi’-shi-ba i.
reconnoiter (to), to™-wo" a-be-to”
wa-do-be,
reconcile (to), ki-wit’-do".
reconciliation ki-wi™-do"; (2) tho’-

0*®-tho®-gi-ba-

da-ki-e.
reconsider (to), o-tho’-ha ge i-gthi-
gtho*.
I reconsidered, o-tho’-ha-ge i’-tha-
gthi-gthor.

you reconsidered, 0-tho’-ha-ge i-tha’-
gthi-gtho.
we reconsidered, o-tho’-ha-ge o®-tho®-
gthi-gtho? i.
recorder (a), u’-we-to™-i" ga-xe a-ka.
recount (to), wa-gtha’-wa.
recover from illness, gi-ni’.
I am recovering from an
o®-gi’-ni bthe.
recover (to) one’s property, wa-gi’-
gtha-she; (2) u-gi’-kshe-to®; (3)
gthu’-ce.
I recovered my land, a-gthu’-ce.
you recovered your land, tha-gthu’-
ce.
we recovered our land, o®-gthu-g¢a i.
recreate (to), gi-k’o"-ce ki-the.
recriminate (to), e-go"™ gi-k’o" ga-co"
a-ka (which see).
recruit (a), a’-ki-da u-no"-zhi tse-ga.

illness,

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[BULL. 109

rectify (to), gthi’-tho-to®.
T rectified it, a-gthi’-tho-to*.
you rectified it, tha-gthi’-tho-to*.
we rectified it, o®-gthi’-tho-to® i.
rectitude, o’-tho-to™.
recuperate, wa-shko"-gi-to".
I have recuperated, wa-shko®-a-gi-
to™ ha.
you have recuperated, wa-shko®-tha-
gi-to™ ha.
we have recuperated, wa-shko”’-o"-
gi-to” i.
red, zhu-dse; (2) zhiu-dse.
red clay, wa-ce’ zhu-dse.
redbud tree, zho" sha-be hi.
reddish, zhi-hi.
redeem (to), gthi’-wi?.
I redeemed it, a-gthi’-wi®.
you redeemed it, tha-gthi’-wi".
we redeemed it, 0®-gthi‘’-wi® i.
redeemable, gthi’-wi® wa-the.
redolence, btho®-tha-gthi" u-ga-btho.
redolent, btho*-tha-gthi® (which see).
redoubt (to), u-ha’-ce.
red stone, i’ zhu-dse.
reduce (to) the price of, thi-hi’-dse
pa-gthe.
I reduced the price of it, bthi’ hi-dse
pa-gthe.
you reduced the price of it, ni’ hi-dse
pa-gthe.
we reduced the price of it, o®-thi’-hi-
dse pa-gtha i.
reduce to ashes, da’-thi®-ge ga-xe.
reduce to poverty, thi-wa’-xpa-thi*.
I reduced him to poverty, bthi’-wa-
xpa-thi*.
you reduced him to poverty, ni’-
wa-xpa-thi®.
we reduced him to poverty, o®-thi’-
wa-xpa-thi® i.
reel (to), to"-to’-tha.
I reel, to®-to™’-tha bthe.
you reel, to®-to®’-tha stse.
we reel, to®-to®’-tha o®-ga-tha 1.
referee (a), wa-wiu’-do"-be.
refinement, o’-k’o" do®-he.
refrain from, tho” -zhi-the.
I refrained from action, tho -zhi
a-gi-the.
you refrained from action, tho™-zhi
tha-gi-the.
we refrained from action, tho” -zhi
o®-gi-tha i,

LA FLESCHE]

refrain in a song, ¢i®’-dse tse.
refresh (to), gi-tse’-ga.
refresh the memory, i’-gthi-gthor.
refrigerator, no™-xe u-zhi.
refuge, a-ha’-ce.
I took refuge in a forest, u-xtha-be
dsi u-wa’-ha-ce.
you took refuge in a forest, u-xtha-be
dsi u-tha’-ha-¢e.
refulgent, da’-ko®-i-the.
refund (to), wa-thu’-ce ga-shi-be.
I refunded, wa-thu’-¢ce ga-shi-be pshi.
you refunded, wa-thu’-ce ga-shi-be
shi.
we refunded, wa-thu’-ge ga-shi-be
o®-ga-hi i.
refusal, i-zhu’-shi.
refuse (discarded), da’-do® pi-zhi.
regalia, we’ -ki-gthi-wi.
regain, gi-to".
regain (to) possession of, u-gi-kshe-

to2.

I regained possession, u-a-gi-kshe-
to.

you regained possession, u-tha-gi-
kshe-to®.

we regained possession, 0o®-gu-gi-
kshe-to® i.

regent (a), u-gi’-no®-zhi" a-ka.
regency, u’-thu-no®-zhi*.
regicide, wa-to™-ga t’se-the.
register (a), u’-we-to?-i".
register (to), u’-we-to®-i?
I registered, u’-we-to®-i® pa-xe i" do.
you registered, u’-we-to®-i" shka-xe
i2 do.
we registered, u-we’-to-i" 02-ga-xa i.
regret (to), pi’-zhi; u-thu-ba.
T regret, u-thu’-wa-ba.
you regret, u-thu’-tha-ba.
regret (mental distress), u-thu’-gtha.
he regrets not meeting you, u-thu’-
thi-gtha.
regulate (to), thi-tho’-to*.
I regulate, bthi-tho’-to*.
you regulate, ni-tho’-to®.
we regulate, o®-thi’-tho-to® i.
rehabilitate, da’-do® xa-tha gi-k’i.
the town was rehabilitated, to®-wo®
tho® e-gi-go™ ga-xa bi a.
rehearse (to), i’-gi-k’u-tse.
I rehearsed, i-tha’-gi-k’u-tse.
you rehearsed, i’-tha-gi-k’u-tse.
we rehearsed, 0®-tho»’-gi-k’u-tsa i.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

317

rehearsal, same as rehearse,
rein, ga-dsi™ tha-pshe i-ko®-the.
reiterate, shi’ e-gi-tho®.
I reiterate, shi e’-gi+pe.
you reiterate, shi e’-gi-she.
we reiterate, shi e’-o®-gi-tho® i.
reject (to), thu-¢a’-zhi.
I reject, bthi-ca’-mo®-zhi ha.
you reject, ni-ga’ zhi ha.
we reject, o®-thu’-ga ba-zhi i.
rekindle (to), pi-a’-gi-k’o".
I rekindled the fire, pi-a-gi-k’o" dse
a-the.
you rekindled the fire, pi-tha-gi-k’o"
dse the.
we rekindled the fire, pi-o*’-gi-k’o"
dse-o®-tha i.
relapse (to), u-gi’-kshi-he.
relate (to), u-tha’-ge.
I related, u-btha’-ge.
you related, u-shta’-ge.
we related, o®-gu’-tha-ga i.
relation, wa-tho’-da-ki-the.
relative, same as relation,
I have many relatives, u’-tho-da-ki-
the hiu a-wa-to® ha.
relay, ka’-wa-i-ki-ha-wi" ga-xe.
release (to) from prison, thi-shto*’-
gthe ga-xe.
I released him from prison, thi-shto®-
gthe pa-xe.
you released him from prison, thi-
shto®-gthe shka-xe.
we released him from prison, thi-
shto®-gthe o®-ga-xa i.
release (to) let go, bi’-gtho®-tha.
I released the rabbit, pi-gtho*-tha.
you released the rabbit, shpi’-gtho-
tha.
we released the rabbit, o®-bi’-gtho®-
tha i.
relent (to), tha-k’e’-the.
I relented, tha-k’e-a-the.
you relented, tha-k’e’-tha-the.
we relented, tha-k’e’-o*-tha i.
religion, wa-ko™-da i-gi no®-zhi®
(which see).
relinquish (to), thi-shto™.
I relinquish, bthi’-shto*.
you relinquish, ni’-shto™,
we relinquish, 02-thi’-shto? i.
relish (to), o’-no®-bthe gi-¢u.
I relish my food, o’-no®-bthe o*-¢u.

318

relish (to)—continued.
you relish your food, o’-no®-bthe
thi-cu.
we relish our food, o®-no®-bthe wa-
cui
remain (to), tha’-zhi.
I remain, btha’ mo®-zhi.
you remain, sda zhi.
we remain, 0®-ga’-tha ba-zhi i.
remained, u-shtse’-tse; u-shtse’.
remake (to), shi ga‘-xe.
I remade, shi pa’-xe.
you remade, shi-shka’-xe.
we remade, shi 0°-ga’-xa i.
remedy, we’ -stse-the.
quinine is a good remedy, a-tsi®
i-ga-ba-xe a-ba we’-stse-the tha-
gthi" bi a.
remember (to), gi-ci’-the.
I remember, a-gi’-¢i-the.
you remember, tha-gi’-gi-the.
remembrance, u’-gi-ci-the.
remind (to), gi-ci’-the ga-xe.
I reminded him, gi-¢i’-the pa-xe.
you reminded him, gi-¢i’-the shka-xe.
we reminded him, gi-ci’-the o®-ga-
xa i.
reminder, u-gi’-ci-the.
remnant, pa-ci’-he-be u-stse.
remonstrate (to), wa-we’-gi-zhu-shi.
I remonstrate, we’-a-gi-zhu-shi.
you remonstrate, we’-tha-gi-zhu-shi.
we remonstrate, we-o™-gi-zhu-shi i.
remorse, u-thu’-ba. (See regret.)
the man is filled with remorse, ni’-ka-
shi-ga u-thu’-ba wa-gthi® bi a.
remorseless, u-thu’-gtha thi"-ge.
remote, gi’-thi-ho*.
remount (to), shi a’-gi-gthi*.
I remounted my horse, shi a’-a-gi-
gthi*.
you remounted your horse, shi’ a-tha-
gi-gthir.
remove (to), wa-hi’-o”.
remove from office, thi-dsi’-¢e.
I removed him from office, bthi’-dsi-
ge ha.
you removed him from office, ni‘-
dsi-¢e.
we removed him from office, 0®-thi’-
dsi-ga i.
to remove one’s family, thi-ha’-tsi.
I removed my family, bthi’-ha-tsi.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

remove from office—continued.
you removed your family, ni’-ha-
tsi.
we removed our families, 0°-thi-ha-
tsi i.
remove (to) entrails, thi-k’u’.
I removed the entrails, bthi’-k’u.
you removed the entrails, ni’-k’u.
we removed the entrails, 0®-thi’-k’u i.
rendezvous, u’-wa-thi-¢ki.
renew, gthi’-tse-ga.
I renew it, a-gthi’ tse-ga.
you renew it, tha-gthi’ tse-ga.
renounced, thu-¢a‘-zhi.
renovate (to), gthi’-tse-ga.
I renovated my blanket, mi’ tho®
a-gthi-tse-ga ha.
you renovated your blanket, mi’ tho"
tha-gthi-tse ga.
we renovated the blanket, mi’ tho®
o®-gthi-tse-ga i.
rent (money paid), mo*-zho™ u-da
wa-ga-shi-be.
repair (to), tse’-ga gi-ka-xe; (2) gi-ga’-
xe; (3) gi-ka-xe.
I repaired it, a-gi’-pa-xe.
you repaired it, tha-gi’-shka-xe.
we repaired it, 0®-gi-ga-xa i.
reparation, wa-ga’-shi-be.
repay (to), wa-thu’-¢ce ga-shi-be.
repeat (to try again, to mend),
pi -gi-k’o*.
I tried again to mend the clothes,
pi-a’-gi-k’o",
you tried again to repair the tools,
_ pi’-tha-gi-k’o*.
we tried again to mend the tools,
pi-o” -gi-k’o" i.
repeat (to), i’-e u-gi-pa no" e-gi tho™
(which see).
repeatedly, i-tho®’-tho"; (2) shi’-no®.
repel (to), ba-a’-ce.
I repelled him, pa-a’-ce.
you repelled him, shpa-a‘-¢e.
we repelled him, 0®-ba’-a-¢a i.
repent (to), u-thu’-gtha.
I repented, u-thu’-wa-gtha ha.
you repented, u-thu’-tha-gtha ha.
we repented, o®-tho®-gu-gtha i.
repine (to), gi’-ho™ a-zhi.
I repine, 0®’-ho® mo®-zhi.
you repine, thi’-ho® a-zhi.
we repine, wa-ho® ba-zhi i.

LA FLESCHE]

replace (to), u-gi’-no™-zhi" ga-xe.
I replaced it, u-gi’-no®-zhi" pa-xe.
you replaced it, u-gi’-no"-zhi® shka-
xe.
we replaced it, u-gi’-no®-zhi® o0°-ga-
Katt.
replete, u-gi’-pi.
reply (to), u-ki’-e.
I replied, u-wa’-ki-e.
you replied, u-tha’-ki-e.
we replied, 0®-gu’-ki-a i.
report, same as rumor.
report of a gun, thi-po’-ki.
reprehend (to), ga-co™.
Representative, Ki-cto’ u-mo"-this.
reproachful, u’-i-stse.
reproduce (to), shi’-ba-ha.
I reproduced it, shi pa-xe go" pa ha.
you reproduced it, shi shka-xe go®
shpa ha.
reptile, we’-ts’a.
repudiate (to), o®-tha.
I repudiate, a-o”’-btha.
you repudiate, tha-o»’-shta.
we repudiate, 0*-o"-tha i.
repurchase, gthi’-wi.
I repurchased it, a-gthi’-wi".
you repurchased it, tha-gthi’-wi?.
we repurchased it, o®-gthi’-wi? i.
request (to), da.
I request, a-da’.
you request, tha-da’.
we request, o®-da i.
rescue (to), gi-gtha-she.
I rescued him, a-gi’-gtha-she.
you rescued him, tha-gi’-gtha-she.
we rescued him, o®-gi’-gtha-sha i.
resembling, go®-ce’ ki-gor.
resent (to), gi-ho® a-zhi.
IT resent, 0®-ho® mo®-zhi.
you resent, thi’-ho” zhi.
we resent, wa-ho® ba-zhi i.
resentment, o’-ba-ko?.
reservation, da’-do® gi-ci.
reside (to), tsi’-gthe.
residue, da’-do®-u-stse-tse.
resolved (to be), u-thu’-do®-be.
I am resolved, u-thu’-to®-be bthi
shto2.
you are resolved, u-thu’-shto®-be ni
shto®.
we are resolved, o®-tho®-gu-do*-ba
i o® thi shto.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

319

respect (to), u-zhu a’-zhi®.
T respect, u-zhu a’-a-zhi®.
you respect, u-zhu a’-tha-zhi2,
respect (to have) for sacred things,
u’-ko® a-xo-be.
I have respect, u’-ko” a’-a-xo-be.
you have respect, u-ko® a-tha’-xo-be.
we have respect, u-ko" 02-ga-xo-ba i.
respiration, he-he’.
respite, gi’-tse-gi-the.
rest (to), k’o-ce-gi-the.
to rest one’s self, gi-k’o2-¢e-ki-the.
I am resting myself, gi-k’o’-¢e
a-ki-the.
You are resting yourself, gi-k’o-
ce tha-ki-the.
rested, gi’-0"-ce.
IT am rested, o®-gi-o"-¢e.
you are rested, thi-gi o*-¢e.
he has rested, o®-gi-o0"-ce.
rest (to) when weary, k’o’-ce-gi-the.
I am resting, k’o*’-ce-a-gi-tha ha.
you are resting, k’o™-ce-tha-gi-theha.
we are resting, k’o’-ce-o®-gi-tha i.
restore (to), gi’-k’i.
I restored it, a-gi’-k’i.
you restored it, tha-gi’-k’i.
we restored it, 0°-gi’-k’i i.
resume, as friendly relations, ki-
gthi’-wi"-do*.
retake (to), a-gi’-gtha-she.
retake one’s own, a-gthi-ce.
retaliation, e’-go"-gi-k’o®.
retaliation of a tribe, e’-gi-wa-gi-
k’o?.
retch (to), gthe’-be.
I retched, a’-gthe-be.
you retched, tha’-gthe-be.
we retched, o®-gthe-ba i.
reticent, u’-wi a-zhi.
he is very reticent, u’-wi a-zhi wa-
gthi bi a.
retirement, no®-xtho™-ha.
retrace (to), u-gi’-pa.
I retraced my steps, ¢ci-gthe u-wa-
gi-pa.
you retraced
u-tha-gi-pa.
retreat (to), ki-gthu’-ce; (2) xa-tha
ta thi-sho» ha-ce.
I retreated, a-ki’-gthu-ce.
you retreated, tha-ki’-gthu-¢e.
we retreated, o®-ki’-gthu-¢a i.

your steps, gi-gthe

320

retrieve (to), wa-gi’-gtha-she.
retrograde, xa-tha-gthe’.
return, a-gi; (2) gi’-e.
he has been after or returned from
getting something, a-gi’-hi.
return to court, xa’-tha gthe ga-xe.
return in one’s own steps, u-gi’-pshe.
returning, a-gthi’.
return to one’s own seat, a-ki’-gthi*.
after I return, a-ki-tha’-ha.
reveal (to), thi-wa’-to®-i*.
I revealed it, bthi’-wa-to*-i*.
you revealed it, ni’-wa-to®-i?.
we revealed it, o®-thi-wa-to®-i" i.
revelry, wa-zha’-wa.
revenge, @ -gi-wa-gi-k’o".
reverie, wa-thi’-gtho".
reverse (to), thi-co®’-tha.
I reversed it, bthi-go®’-tha.
you reversed it, shni-go®’-tha.
I reversed my blanket, ha-xi" tho®
a-gthi-co®-tha ha.
you reversed your blanket, ha-xi®
tha-gthi-co"-tha ha.
revile (to), gtho"; (2) wa-gtho.
I reviled him, a-gtho»’.
you reviled him, tha-gtho™.
we reviled him, o®-gtho™ i.
revile (to, in a bad sense), ga-co™.
revive (to) after fainting, gi-no™-
xe-¢cka.
I revived the woman, wa-k’o thi-ke
gi-no”’-xe-cka pa-xe.
you revived the woman, wa-k’o
thi*-ke gi-no™’-xe-cka shka-xe.
we revived the woman, wa-k’o
thi*-ke gi-no™-xe-¢ka o®-ga-xa i.
revolver (a), wa-ho’-to™-the pa zhi"-ga.
revulsion, a’-gtha-ge.
rheumatism, wa-hi’ ni-e.
rhubarb, ko®-dse u-gtho® i-ga-xe.
ribbon, ha’-bthe-ka.
the ribbon is red, white, and blue
striped, ha’-bthe-ka zhu-dse, ¢ka
tu-hu u-ki-ki-ba he.
ribbons, wa’-ba-tse.
ribs, thi’-tsi.
rice, bo’-cu.
I like rice, bo’-gu o®-tha-gthi" ha.
you like rice, bo’-gu thi-tha-gthi* ha.
rich, da’-do®-to".
I am rich, da’-do® a-to®.
you are rich, da’-do® tha-to*.
we are rich, da’-do® 0*-to® i.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

ride (to) horseback, ka’-wa a-gthi*.
I ride horseback, ka‘-wa a-a-gthi*.
you ride horseback, ka’-wa a-tha-
gthi*.
we ride horseback, ka’-wa o®-ga-
gthi® i.
ride (to) in a boat, u-gthi.
ridge (a), a’-thi"; (2) ba-xu’.
ridgepole, zho’-tsiu-he.
ridiculed (to be), i-xa’-xa; u-ki-o*.
I do not like to be ridiculed, ni‘-ka-
shi-ga wa-we’-xa-xa the i-tha’-ci.
ridicule (to), tha’-ho-da.
I ridicule, wa-btha’-ho-da.
I ridiculed you, wi’-btha ho-da.
you are ridiculed, thi’-tha ho-da.
rifle (a), wa-ho’-to®-the a-ba-ha-ci.
rifle (to), mo®-tho®.
right hand, side, or arm, i’-sdo-ge.
the village on the right, to®-wo®
i-sdo-ge.
rigid, ca’-da.
I am rigid, bthi’-ga-da.
you are rigid, ni’-ga-da.
we are rigid, o®-thi’-ca-da.
rim, tse’-xe a-thi-be-¢i®.
ring (to) a bell, thi-ka’-mo®.
I rang the bell, bthi’-ka-mo2.
you rang the bell, ni’-ka-mo®.
we rang the bell, 0®-thi’-ka-mo® i.
ring for finger, no®-be’ u-thi-xtha.
ringworm, zha’-be wa-tha-k’i-tha.
rinse (to), shi-thi’-zha.
I rinsed the clothes,
bthi-zhe he.
riot, da-ge’; (2) u’-tsi-zhe ga-xe; (3)
wa-k’o’-tha; (4) u’-tsi-zhe.
riotous, u’-tsi-zhe ga-xe shto®.
rip (to), thi-cno*’-the.
I ripped, bthi’-gno®-tha.
you ripped, ni-gno®-tha.
we ripped, o®-thi’-gno®-tha i.
ripe, dsiu’-dse.
the plum is ripe, ko®’-dse xo-dse a-ba
dsiu-dsa bi o.
rise (to), no®-zhi®; gi-pa’-ho*.
I rise, a-gi’-pa-ho®.
you rise, tha-gi’-shpa-ho*.
we rise, 0"-gi’-pa-ho® i.
rise (to), as does bread, da-ho*.
risk, i-k’u-tse.
I risk, i-tha’-k’u-tse.
you risk, i’-tha-k’u-tse.
we risk, 0®-tho®-k’u-tsa i.

ha-¢ka_ tse

LA FLESCHE]

rite, u’-k’o..
rivalry, a’-ki-tha.
river, ni.
rivulet, same as river.
rivet (a), mo”’-ce u-ga-tsa-ge; mo”’-ce
a-ga-tsa-ge.
give me a large rivet, mo”’-ce u-ga-
tsa-ge to®-ga ge-wi? 02-i 0(!)
roached hair cut, ba-xa’-dse.
I had a roached hair cut, ba-xa’-dse
pa-xe.
you had a roached hair cut, ba-xa’-
dse shka-xe.
we had a roached hair cut, ba-xa’-
dse 0"-ga-xa 1.
road, a dirt road, u-zho"-ge.
roam (to), u-ba’-wi?-xe.
I roam about, u-pa-wi®-xe.
you roam about, u-shpa’-wi"-xe.
we roam about, o®-gu’-ba-wi®-xa i.
roan (a color), as a horse, ka’-wa
xo-dse.
roar (to), u-tsi’-zhe.
roar (to), as the wind, xo-e’.
roast (to) on a spit, wa-ba’-cno®.
IT roast (meat) on a spit, wa-pa’-gno?.
you roast (meat) on a spit, wa-shpa’-
gno®.
we roast (meat) on a spit, o®-wor’-
ba-¢no? i.
roast meat on a sharpened stick,
ba-cno™.
I roast (meat) on a sharpened stick,
pa’-cno®.
you roast (meat) on a sharpened
stick, shpa’-¢no?.
we roast (meat) on a _ sharpened
stick, 0®-ba’-¢gno? i.
robbery, da’-do" wa-no®-she.
robe (a), as a blanket, mi?.
buffalo robe, mi®’-to®-a.
I have a large buffalo robe, mi*’-
to®-a gtho®-the wi? a-bthi*.
robin redbreast, shi®’-ku-ku-ge.
robust, a-gtha’-gthe thi*-ge.
I am robust, a’-a-gtha-gthe thi*-ge.
you are robust, a-tha-gtha-gthe thi2-
ge.
we are robust, o®-ga’-gtha-gthe thi2-
ga i.
rock (big), i" to®-ga; V-gtho®-the.
I sat on a big rock, i’ to®-ga wi" a-a-
gthi= mi*-kshe.
rocking-chair, a’-gthi® go"-co®-tha.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

321

rocks or pebbles, i’ zhi"-ga.
rode (past of ride), a’-gthi2.
you rode the horse till it was gentle,
shpi’-wa-shta-ge.
roily water, ni’-o-sho-dse.
roll (to), as a heavy object, u-ba’-to"-

tha.

I rolled (a heavy object), u-pa’-
to2-tha.

you rolled (a heavy object), u-shpa’-
to®-tha.

roll over and over, u-i’-pa-to®-tha.

roll food in the mouth, i-u-tha’-
mo?-ce.

roll (to), thi-to™’-tha.

I roll, bthi’-to®-tha.

you roll, ni’-to-tha.

we roll, 02-thi’-to"-tha i.

roll, as an animal when killed, bi-
shu’-ka.
rolling, to®-tha.

I shot it and sent it rolling, bu-a’-

to®-tha.
rolling-pin, we’-bi-to®-tha.

I have no rolling pin, I can not make
biscuits, we’-bi-to"-tha o*-thi"-ge
go" wa-bu-cka da-pa pa-xe bthi-
tsa gi he.

roof of the mouth, ko®-btha’-dse.
rooster, ¢iu’-ka-do-ga.

roots, ko.

roots of a tree, zho-ko".

rope, we -thi®.

rose (a), xtha-cka’ (which see).

the rose is perennial, xtha-cka’ a-ba

i-gi-ha u-i shna bi a.
rosy, xtha-cka e-go" (which see).
rotten, tsi’-k’a; (2) do-zha’-the; (38)
xthi-ba-tha.

the apple is rotten, she’ a-ka xthi-
ba-tha bi a.

rotund, da’-pa.

round, btho’-ga; (2) da’-pa.

Round Stone Ford, Okla., I’ Da-pa
u-pshe.

rouge, wa-ce zhu-dse.

rough, xa’-xa-ga.

my hands are rough, no®-be tse 0?-
xa-xa-ga ha.

rove (to), u-ba’-wi?-xe.

I rove, u-pa’-wi®-xe.

you rove, u-shpa’-wi®-xe.

we rove, 0®-gu’-ba-wi®-xa 1.

row (a fight), u’-tsi-zhe.

322

rubber, wa-ci’-ci-e.
a rubber ball, wa-ci’-ci-e ta-be.
rubber boots, wa-ci’-ci-e ho®-be ste-
tse.
rubber shoe, wa-¢i’-ci-e ho"-be.
rubber tree, wa-ci’-ci-e hi.
rubbish, u-thi’-bu-dse; (2)
pi-zhi.
ruddy complexion, i*-dse’ zhu-dse.
rude, wa-ga’-ts’a e-zhi.
ruffian, ni’-ka-shi-ga pe-zhi.
ruin (to) by cutting, thi-pi’-zhi.
I ruined it by cutting, bthi’-pi-zhi.
you ruined it by cutting, ni‘-pi-zhi.
we ruined it by cutting, o®-thi’-pi-
zhi i.
ruins, ta-tha’.
the ruins of the town, to®-wo® tho2-
di ti ta-tha u-tsi.
rummage, wa-we -thu-e.
rumble (to), as thunder, xo-e’.
rumble of feet, mo"-no” -ti-de.
I heard the rumble of feet, mo®-no”-
ti-de a-wa-no®-o0" ha.
rumor, u-no”™-k’o®.
I heard a rumor, u-tha-ge wi" a-no"-
k’o",
you heard a rumor, u-tha-ge wi? tha-
no®-k’o2,
we heard a rumor, u-tha-ge wi" o®-
no®-k’o® i.
rumple (to), thi-xtho”-xtho".
I rumpled it, bthi’-xtho®-xtho*.
you rumpled it, ni’-xtho"-xtho®.

da’-do®

Sabbath, O”’-ba wa-ko®-da-gi.
saber, mo” -hi" to"-ga.
sack (jacket), u’-zhu-ha.
I have a warm sack, u’-zhu-ha stsu-
dse xtsi wi® a-bthi*.
sack for carrying wool after shear-
ing, ta-cka hi® u-zhi.
Sac Indians, Ca-ge’-wa.
sacred, ta’-ko; (2) wa-ko™-da-gi.
sacrum, ta-ki»’-de.
saddle, no -ka-gthe (which see).
saddler, no™-ka-gthe ga-xe.
safe (beyond fear), ha-ts’e’ thi®-ge.
I am safe at home, tsi wi-ta tse-dsi
ha-ts’e-o" thi®-ge.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

rumple (to)—continued.
we rumpled it, o®-thi-xtho"-xtho? i.
rumpus, u’-tsi-zhe.
he made quite a rumpus, u-tsi-zhe
ga-xa bi a.
runlet, ga’-xa zhi®-ga.
run (to), to’-thi*.
I run, a’-to®-bthi*.
you run, tha’-to®-ni.
we run, 0®-to®-thi? i.
run (to) a race, ki’-ba-no®.
Iran a race, a-ki’-ba-no°.
you ran a race, tha-ki’-ba-no®.
we ran a race, 0®-ki’-ba-no" i.
run (to) as one goes, he’-no"-no"-ge.
run (to) over a person, a’-no"-ge.
I ran over him, a’-a-no®-ge.
you ran over him, a’-tha-no®-ge.
we ran over him, 0°-ga’-no®-ga 1.
runaround (on the finger), sha’-ge
ni-e.
running at full speed (as a horse),
ga-btha’-btha-zhe.
rupture, tse’-ce btha-ce.
rupture (a), shi’-be u-ba-stsu-e.
rush (a weed), mi’-he-ga.
rush (a plant), ¢a’-u-dse-to"-ga; (2)
Ga.
rust, u-ci’-hi.
rustling, no"-chi’-ce.
rustling of grass or leaves, no®-¢a’-
thu.
rut, u-thi’-xthu-xtha.
rye, wa-bo’-cke hi® stse-e.

sagacious, da’-i-ba-ho".
sail (a), u-ga’-bi-xo™.
the boat has three sails, ba-dse a-ba
u-ga-bi-xo" tha-bthi® wa-to" bi a.
St. Louis, Mo., Sho-do’ to*-wo"
(which see).
salary, u’-wa-ga-shi-be.
sale (a) da’-do® we-thi-wi".
salesman, da’-shki we-thi-wi".
saliva, ta-to’-xa; (2) i’-xthi.
sallow, u-ga‘-ci-ci-hi; (2)
¢i-hi.
his face is sallow, I"-dse tho" u-ga’-
ci-ci-hi bi a ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ka.
saloon, pe’-dse ni-tsi.

zhu’-i-ga

LA FLESCHE]

salt, ni-cki’-the.
salt, rock, ni-cki’-the ¢a-gi.
the cattle like rock salt, tse-¢ka a-ba
gi-cu bi a ni-¢ki-the ¢a-gi.
salve, nia’-nia i-¢da-the.
sample (as taste), i-k’u-tse.
sand, pi-ca’.
sand (white), pi-ca’-cka.
sand bur, tse’-wa-xa-ga zhi®-ga.
sand martin, ni-shku’-shku.
sandpaper, ta-no®-k’a we-bi-shda-ha;
(2) we’-bi-shda-ha.
sandpiper, to®-i® (which see).
sandstone, 1’n-shto™-ga.
Sand Creek, Okla., Pi-ca’ u-gthe ga-
xa
sandwich, ta’-u-kia-ho® u-gtho®.
sane, no” -xe-cka.
sap, ni a-xthu-e.
sapling, ga-he’-xpa.
sapsucker, to’-cka; (2) tu’-cka; (3)
pa’-bo-gthi-ha-ha. (Belongs to the
woodpecker family.)
sash (worn as a girdle), i’-pi-tha.
Satan, Ts’a’ to®-ga (which see).
satchel, wa’-ca-a-cka.
I have a new satchel, wa’-ca-a-cka
tse-ga wi a-bthi*.
satiate, we’-no™-de.
satisfaction, gi’-do®-he.
satisfied, sho" i da.
IT am satisfied (w. sp.), she’-sho" e-the.
I am satisfied (m. sp.), she’-sho®
e-tho.
satisfied with food, i’-no"-dse.
saturate (to), ga-da’-xe.
I saturated it, o"-a’-da-xe.
you saturated it, thi-a’-da-xe.
Saturday, Ho-ba_ u-ga-xe-thi®-ge
(which see).
sauce, wa-cki’-the.
sauce, apple, she wa-¢ki’-the.
saunter (to), wa-stse’-ho®.
I sauntered, wa-stse’-ho® xtsi mo?-
bthis.
you sauntered, wa-stse’-ho®
mo?-ni.
sausage, to™-pshe.
sausage, smoked,
btho®.
Savannah sparrow, te’-i® shta-tha-
xu-be.
save (to), u-tha’-shte.
I saved, u’-btha-shte.

xtsi

to»’-pshe sho-de

OSAGE DICTIONARY

323

save (to)—continued.
you saved, u’-na-shte.
we saved, o®-gu’-tha-shta i.
save (to) a life, ni’-ga-xe.
savory smell (from cooking), wa-da’-
btho® tha-gthi*.
saw (for wood), zho® i-ba-tsiu.
saw (to), u-ba-stse-ge.
I saw wood, zho" u-pa-stse-ge.
you saw wood, zho" u-shpa-stse-ge.
we saw wood, zho® 0®-gu-ba-stse-ga i.
sawmill, zho’-u-thi-stse-ge.
say, e.
I say, e-pshe or e’-gi-pshe.
you say, e-she.
we said, e-o®-gi-tho® i.
they said, a’-bo-u.
scabbard, mo” -hi®-u-he.
scald (to), da’-xthi2.

I seald, ni-da-ka-dse o*-tho2-da-
xthi2.
you scald, ni-da-ka-dse i-thi-da-
xthi2.

scald (a), ni’-da-ka-dse i-da-xthi*.

scales for weighing, we’-the-c¢po"; (2)
i’-thi-gpo*.

scalp, we’-thi-xthi xi*-ha.

scalp lock, he-ga’-xa.

scaly head, we’-thi-xthi k’i-tha.

he has a scaly head, we’-thi-xthi
k’i-tha bi a-tha.

scant, dsu’-ba.

I have a scant supply of food,
wa-no®-bthe dsu-ba a-bthi mi2-
kshe o.

scar, ca-mo". (See mo’-tha-¢ta.)

I have a scar on my face, i*-dse’
mo2-tha-cta o®-gtho® ha.

you have a scar on your hand, no®-be
te mo®-tha-cta a-thi-gtho® ha.

scarce, u’-sha-zhi.
buffalo are very
u-sha-zhi bi o.
scare (to), wa-no”’-pe ga-xe.

he scared me, wa-no™-pe 0®-ga-xa
bi o.

I seared him, wa-no™-pe pa-xe.

you scared him, wa-no®’-pe shka-xe.

we scared him, wa-no”’-pe 0®-ga-xa i.

scarlatina, da’-ka-dse i-tho®-be.
scarlet, zhu’dse.

a scarlet blanket, ha-xi= zhu-dse.

scarlet tanager, wa-zhi™ zhu-e.

scarce, tse a-ba

324

scent, btho*.
I like the scent of the flowers, xtha-
¢ka u-thi-btho® o0®-tha-gi-the.
sciatica, ci®-dse’hi ni e (which see).
scatter (to), thi-u’-ga-e-btha; (2) u-
thi’-bu-dse.
scatter here and there, ge’-no".
scatter (to) in every direction,
u-ga’-e-btha.
I scattered in every direction, u-ga-e-
btha pa-xe.

you scattered in every direction,
u-ga-e-btha shka-xe.
we scattered in every direction,

u-ga-e-btha o®-ga-xa i.
scatter (as falling leaves),
a-be u-xpa-xpa e-go”.
school, wa-gthe’-ce tsi.
I established a school, wa-gthe’-ce
tsi wi bthi®-mo*-gthe a-tha.
you established a school, wa-gthe’-ce
tsi wi? stse-mo"-gthe a-tha.
school-teacher, ta’-pu-cka.
I like my school-teacher, ta’-pu-cka
wi-ta u-xta a-gi-the.
scissors, pa-hiu’-thi-ce.
scissors (large), pa-hiu’-thi-ce to®-ga.
scissors (small), pa-hiu’-thi-ce zhi®-ga.
scoff (to), wa-tha’-ho-da.
I scoffed, wa-btha’-ho-da.
you scoffed, wa-shda’-ho-da.
we scoffed, 0®’-wo"’-tha-ho-da i.
scoffer (a), wa-tha’ ho-da-shto®.
scold (a), wa-ga’-co®-shto®.
scold (a), quarrelsome woman, wa-
k’o’ da-ge shto®.
scold (to), ga’-co".
I seold, a’-go" ha.
you scold, tha’-¢o® ha.
we scold, 0"-ga’-co" i.
scoop (to), thi’-dse.
I scoop from a hollow place, bthi’-dse.
you scoop from a hollow place,
ni’-dse.
we scoop from a hollow place, o®-thi’-
dsa i.
scoop shovel, no®-xthe’ i-thi-¢e to®-ga
(which see).
scorch, da’-ci-ce; da’-shta.
I caused it to be scorched, da’-ci-ce
a-the.
you caused it to be scorched, da’-ci-ce
tha-the.

zho®

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. luv

scorch—continued.
we caused it to be scorched, da’-¢i-¢ge
o®-tha i.
scorpion, ¢i®’-dse xa-tha.
scour (to), thi-¢i’-hi.
I scoured, bthi’-¢i-hi.
you scour, ni’-ci-hi.
we scour, 0®-thi’-c¢i-hi i.
scrape (to), ga-dsi’-ce; thi-¢ke-be.
I scrape, a’-dsi-¢e.
you scrape, tha’-dsi-¢ge.
we scrape, 0®-ga’-dsi-¢a i.
scrape (to) for tanning, ba-cke’-be.
I scraped it for tanning, pa-¢ke’-be.
you scraped it for tanning, shpa’-cke-
be.
we scraped it for tanning, 0®-ba’-cke-
ba i.
scrape (to) with an ax, ga-cke’-be.
scrape (to) with the feet, no”-ci’-hi.
I scrape with my feet, a-no®-¢i-hi.
you scrape with your feet, tha-no®-
ci-hi.
we scrape with our feet, o®-no®’-c¢i-
hi i.
scraper, we’-to"-the i-ba.
scraping sound, k’a-xe.
scratch (to) a mark on rocks, thi’-xu.
I scratched a mark on the rocks,
bthi’-xu.
you scratched a mark on the rocks,
ni’-xu.
we scratched a mark on the rocks,
o®-thi’-xu i.
screech owl, hi-tha’-da-da-xe.
screen, we -ga-zhi®.
screws, we’-u-thi-mo?;
mo?.
scrip, wa-gthe’-ce.
scrotum, sho"-dse’.
scrub (to), wa-thu’-zha.
scrub (to) a house, ti-thu’-zha.
you must scrub the house clean,
ti-thu’-zha tse wa-ce-hi ga-xa o(!)
scrutinize, do®-be; u-ga-gi.
scum (on stagnant water), da-a-ga-
ha.
scurrilous, wa-tha’-zhu a-zhi.
scythe handle, mo®-hi"’-ga-ce i-ba.
seamstress, wa-ha’-tse wa-k’o.
I want to find a seamstress, wa-ba’-
tse wa-k’o wi® i-tha-the ko®-btha.

(2) wi-u’-thi-

FLESCHE]

search (to), ho’-to®-be.

I searched the woods for a rabbit,
hu-xtha-be ke ho’-to®-ae pa-xe
mo®-shti2-ge wi? i-tha-the ko»-
btha.

second (to), as a motion, u-thu-a’-
to" a-tha-dse.

I second the motion, u-thu-a’-to®
a-btha-dse.

you second the motion, u-thu-a’-to™
a-shta-dse.

secondhand goods, wa-thi’-xthi-ge.
secrecy, no"-xtho”-ha.
secrete (to), a’-no"-xthe.

I secrete, a’-a-no®-xthe.

you secrete, a’-tha-no®-xthe.

we secrete, o"-ga-no"-xtha i.

secrete (to), hide something, no”-
xtho™ i-no®-the.

I secreted it, no®-xtho™ i-no®-a-the.

you secreted it, no®-xtho™ i-no®-tha-
the.

we secreted it, no™-xtho® i-no®-02-
tha i.

secretive (to be), no®-xtho™-ha.
he is secretive, da-do"® a’-no®-xthe
shto" bi a.
secretary, ki-ctu’ wa-gthe-ce ga-xe.
Secretary of the Interior, Wa-gthe’-
ce ga-xa gi-wa-to®-ga.
section of land, mo®-zho™ u-shpe.

I sold a section of land, mo®-zho”

u-shpe he-be we-bthi wi? ha.
secure, i’-ku-i-pshe thi"-ge.
sedge (grass), mo®-hi™ ts’a-zhi (which

}

see).
sediment, the’-dse-wa-¢pe.
there is sediment in the coffee,

mo*-ko™ ca-be the’-dse-wa-¢cpe u-
tsi a-tho.
sedition, u-ki’-gthi-stse-ge ki-ki-zhi*.
see (to), we’-the; (2) do*’-be.
I see, to™’-be.
you see, shto”’-be.
you saw them, wa-shto™-be.
seed of squash, wa-to’-cu.
seed of pumpkin, wa-to”-u-ci.
seedling, u-ci’ u-zhi.
seeds, ci-a’-zhi; (2) wa-mo’-dse.
seedsman, wa-mo” -dse we-thi-wi?.
seedy, u-ci u-tsi’.
the watermelon has many seeds.
ca-ckiu a-ka u-gi’ u-tsi bi a.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

seek (to), u-dse’
I seek, u-wa’-dse ha.
you seek, ub-th’-dse ha
we seek, o"-gu’-dsa i
seething of food, u’-ho” a-bi-xe.

segregate (to), ki’-tha-ha ga-xe; u-ko™-

dsi ga-xe.
I segregated them, ki’-tha-ha pa-xe.

you segregated them, ki’-tha-ha
shka-xe.

we segregated them, ki’-tha-ha o-
ga-xa 1.

seine (fish net), hu’-u-thu-thi*-ge.
seize (to), wa-thu’-ce; u-tho®; u-thi®’-
ge.
I seized it, u-bthi’-ge.
you seized it, u-stsi®’-ge.
we seized it, o®-gu’-thi®-ga i.
seldom, wor’-da.
select (to), a’-ba-cu.
I selected, a-pa-cu.
you selected, a’-shpa-cu.
we selected, 0*’-ga-ba-cu i.
select (to) from many, ba-hi’.
select (to) the good, tha-gthi®-ge no®

(See a’-tha-dse.)

ba-hi.

I selected the good, tha-gthi>-ge
no® pa-hi.

you selected the good, tha-gthi-ge
no® shpa-hi.

we selected the good, tha-gthi*-ge
no® 02-ba-hi i.
self, u-zhu’ a-ka.
self-esteem, a’-ki-zhi".
self-interest, u-zhu’ a-ka i-ta bi ge.
self-pity, tha-k’e’-ki-the.
selfish, wa-xthi’.
he is very selfish, wa-xthi’ wa-gthit
bi a.
sell (to), wa-thi’-wi*.
- I sell, we’-bthi-wi.
you sell, we’-stsi-wi®.
we sell, 02-wo"-thi-wi? i.

selvage, ko®’-ha; (2) wa-to’ ko*-ha
kshe.

semimonthly, mi’-o"-ba u-ki-gte hi e
no®,

Senate, Ki-¢to’.
Senator, Ki-cto’ u-mo®-thi*.
send (to), the’-ga-xe.
I sent it, the’-pa-xe.
you sent it, the’-shka-xe.
we sent it, the’-0®-ga-xa i.

326

send (to), the’-the.
let us send him, the’-o®-the.
senility, no®-hi’.
senior, wa-no™.
he is my senior, e-no™ i ha, wi
o®-wo® u-k’a. {
sense, wa-thi’-gtho".
senseless, wa-thi’-gtho” thi®-ge.
sensible, wa-thi’-gtho” to”.
sensitive, wa-zhi™ a-shka.
sentence (a court), ho®-ba gi-tha-de.
sentence (jail), ho®’-no"-pa-ce u-gthi®.
separate (distant), we-hi-dse.
separate (to), e-zhi o®-ko™-dsi; u-ko™
-dsi; ki-tha-ha.
separate (to) by force, ga-ki’-tha-ha.
I separated them by force, a’-ki-
tha-ha.
you separated them by force, tha’-
ki-tha-ha.
we separated them by force, o®-ga’-
ki-tha-ha i.
separate (to) by withdrawal, ki-co"
ki-gthu-dsi-¢e.
separate (to), pull apart, thi’-ki-tha-
ha.
I separated them, bthi’-ki-tha-ha.
you separated them, ni’-ki-tha-ha.
we separated them, o®-thi’-ki-tha-ha.
separate (to) two objects by prying,
ba-ki’-tha-ha.
I separated them with a
pa-ki-tha-ha.
you separated them with a stick,
shpa’-ki-tha-ha.
we separated them with a stick,
o®-ba’-ki-tha-ha i.
separator (a), wa-bo’-¢cke i-tsi®.
September, To"-mi’ pa-ho-gthe kshe
(which see); (2) Xtha-ci’ btho
ga-ci (which see); (3) Ta-bi-¢pa bi
(which see).
septuagenarian, u-mo”-i"-ka_ gthe-
btho® pe-tho®-ba hi.
sequence, u-thu-a’-to*.
series (a), u-ki-a’~’to®-to*.
serrate, k’a-k’a-be.
serrations, ga-tse’.
serrature, k’a’-be.
serve (to) a sick person, u-wi’-ga-
sho®.
I served a sick person, u-we’-ga-sho®*.
you served a sick person, u-thi’-
ga-sho?.

stick,

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

serve (to) a sick person—continued.
we served a sick person, 0°-gu’-wi-ga-
sho? i.
serviceable, we’-ki-k’o"® tha-gthi"; (2)
we’-thi-to® tha-gthi*.

I have a serviceable coat, a-ga-ha-mi
tha-gthi® xtsi wi® a-bthi™ mi®-
kshe.

session, ki-c¢to’.
set fire to, u-ca’-bi o.
he set fire to a house, tsi u-¢ga’-bi o.
settee, a-gthi™ stse-dse.
setting of the sun, hi’-e-ge.
settle (to), as a debt, wa-ga’-shi-be
thi-tho-to*.

I settled a debt, wa-ga’-shi-be bthi-
tho-to® pi.

you settled a debt, wa-ga’-shi-be
shni-tho-to® shi.

we settled a debt, wa-ga’-shi-be
o®-thi-tho-to®, o®-ga-hi i.

seven, pe’-tho™-ba.
I have seven horses, ka’-wa pe-tho®-
ba wa-bthi" ha.
seven spot (in deck of cards), i-ta’-xe
thi®-ge.
seventeen, a-gthi™’ pe-tho®-ba.
seventieth, we-gthe-btho® pe-tho®-ba
(which see).
seventh, we’-pe-tho®-ba.
seventy, gthe’-btho" pe-tho®-ba.
seventy-five cents, ga-shpe’ sha-pe.
sever (to), thi-ki’-tha-ha.

I sever, bthi-ki’-tha-ha.

you sever, stsi-ki’-tha-ha.

we sever, 0®-thi’-ki-tha-ha i.

several, hiu.

there are several trees on my land,
mo”-zho® wi-ta tho" xtha-be ke
hiu.

severally, u-ko’-dsi-tho®-tho*.
severe, wa-gthi*.

severe pain, wa-ni’-e wa-gthi®
sew with a needle, ba-tse.

I sew (with a needle), pa-tse.

you sew (with a needle), shpa-tse.

we sew (with a needle), 0®-ba’-tsa i.

sew (to), wa-ba’-tse.

sewing machine, mo”’-ce we-ba-tse.

sexagenarian, u-mo”’-i®-ka gthe-btho®
sha-pe hi.

shabby, btha-btha’-ce.

he looks shabby, btha-btha’-ge ha,
u-do"-be tse.

LA FLESCHE]

shackle, ba-xtse’.
shadow, ke’-da-xe.
I cast a shadow, ke’-da-xe wi® pa-xe.
you cast a shadow, ke’-da-xe wi"
shka-xe.
we cast shadows, ke’-da-xe 0°-ga-xa i.
the boy was afraid of a shadow,
ke’-da-xe wi® no®-pa bi a, shi®-to
zhi®-ga a-ka.
shade, u-hni’.
the trees give shade, zho” a-ba u-hni
no” i ha.
shaggy, iong haired, hi-stse-dse.
the dog is shaggy, sho*’-ge a-ka
hi’-stse-dsa bi a.
shake (to), as when cold, ba-ni’-ta.
I shake (with cold), pa’-ni-ta.
you shake (with cold), shka’-ni-ta.
we shake (with cold), 02-ba-ni-ta.
shake (to), as to arouse one from
sleep, thi-shko®.
shake (to), as a rug or blanket,

ga-kow’.

I shake my blanket, ha-xi" a-gi-
gtha-ko.,

you shake your blanket, ha-xi"

tha-gi’-gtha-ko».
shall, ta.
I shall, ta mi®-kshe.
they shall, ta a-ba.
shallow, xe’-be.
shallow water, ni’ xe-be.
shame, w2-we’-shtse.
shamefaced, wa’-ba-gtha.
shameful, i-shtse wa-the; (2) u’-i-stse;
(3) u’-wa-we-stse.
shanty, tsi zhi"-ga.
he lives in a shanty, tsi zhi"-ga wi®
u-gthi2 a-ka ha.
sharp, pa-hi’.
the knife is sharp, mo®-hi” ke pa-hi.
sharpen (to), thi-mo”™.
he is sharpening, thi-mo™ i-ha.
I sharpened, bthi’-mo?.
you sharpened, ni’-mo®.
we sharpened, o-thi’-mo? i.
shatter (to), ga-to-be.
I shattered it, a-to’-be.
you shattered it, tha’-to-be.
shatter anything brittle (as glass),
thi-xthe’-xthe-ge.
shave (to), ga-ts’u.
shave (to) the beard, i’-hi® ga-ts’u.
shave (to) a man’s head, gi-ts’u.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

327

shave (to) to a certain size, ba’-cke-be.
I shaved it to a certain size, ba’-a-
¢ke-be.
you shaved it to a certain size,
ba’-tha-cke-be.
we shaved it to a certain
o®-ba’-cke-ba i.
shawl, ha-cka’-mi.
I have a gray shawl, ha-cka’-mi
xo-dse wi" a-bthi" he.
Shawnee Tribe, Zho»-ni’.
sheaf of wheat, wa-bo’-cke ba-xtse.
sheath, u-k’o’-he.
shed (to), as a horse sheds its hair,
hi” -ba-co-dse.
shedding of skin (as after fever),
ki-pa’-xtho2-dse.
sheen, thi-gthi’-gthi-e.
sheep, ta-cka’.
sheep cote, ta-cka’ tsi.
sheet for a bed, ha-cka’ u-mi-zhe.
shelf, hi»’-dse a-zhi.
shell (to), ba-gno”’-tha.
shell with a sharp
ba-shpi.
I shell, pa’-shpi.
you shell, shpa’-shpi.
we shell, 0®-ba’-shpi i.
shell corn, ha’-ba thi-shpi.
I am shelling corn, ha’-ba bthi-shpi.
you are shelling corn, ha’-ba ni-shpi.
shell corn by hand, gthi’-shpi.
I shell by hand, a’-gthi-shpi.
you shell by hand, tha’-gthi-shpi.
we shell by hand, o*-gthi’-shpi i.
shell (of nuts), ha.
shelter (a), u-i’-ni-tha.
shelter (to take shelter), i'-no*-go"-
dse.
I took shelter behind a tree, i-tha’-
no®-co®-dse.

size,

instrument,

you took shelter behind a tree,
i’-tha-no®-co"-dse.
we took shelter behind a tree,

o2-tho®’-no»-co"-dsa i.
shepherd, ta-¢ka’ a-do-be.
the shepherd has a dog, ta-cka
a-do®-be a-ka sho"-ge wi? a-thi®
a-ka.
sheriff, u’-thi*-ge.
shift (to), thi-ho*’-gi-the.
T shift, bthi’-ho*-gi-the.
you shift, ni‘’-ho®-gi-the.
we shift, 0°-thi’-ho®-gi-tha i.

328

shiftless, u’-thu-ts’a-ge i-wa-xpa-thi®
(which see).
shin, no™-xpe-hi.
I hurt my shin, no*’-xpe-hi ke ni-e
a-ki-pa-xe ha.
shingles for roofs, no™-ha btha-cka
zhin-ga. (See a’-ga-co"-dse.)
shingle (to), a’-ga-co"-dse.
I shingled the roof, a’-a-ga-¢o"-dse.
you shingled the roof, a’-tha-ga-co"-
dse.
we shingled the roof, 0”-ga-ga-¢o"-
dsa i ha.
shinny, ga-ci.
he played a good game of shinny,
ga-ci pi-o® bia, shi®-tu zhi"-ga a-ka.
shiny, thi-gthi’-gthi-e.
shirker, u’-thu-ts’a-ge.
he was a shirker, u’-thu-ts’a-ga i ha.
shiver (to), ba-ni’-ta.
I shiver, pa’-ni-ta.
you shiver, shpa’-ni-ta.
we shiver, 0®-ba’-ni-ta i.
shoat (a), ko-ko’-ci zhi"-ga.
shock, gi’-pi-zhi.
shoes, a’-no"-ta-xi.
my shoes are black, a-no"-ta-xi wi-ta
a-ka ca-ba bi a.
shoe string, ho"-be’-ko®.
I broke my shoe string, ho®-be’-ko®
a-gi-no” ba-xe.
shoot of a plant, u-i’.
shoot (to), ku’-dse.
I shoot, a-ku’-dse.
you shoot, tha-ku’-dse.
we shoot, o®-ku’-dsa i.
shoot (to) with a gun, i’-ku-dse.
I have shot with a gun, a-ku’-dse
bthi-shto®.
you have shot with a gun, tha-ku’-dse
ni-shto*.
we have shot with a gun, o®-ku’-dsa
o®-thi shto? i.
shoot (to) repeatedly, ku-ku’-dse.
they have stopped shooting, ku-ku’-
dsa thi-shto" i ha.
shoot (to) a piece out of anything,
bu-shpe.
I shot a piece out, bu-a’-shpe.
you shot a piece out, bu-tha’-shpe.
we shot a piece out, bu-o*’-shpa i.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

shoot (to) and send rolling, bu-to”’-
tha.
I sent it rolling by shooting, bu-a-to®
tha.
you sent it rolling by shooting, bu-
tha’-to®-tha.
Shooting Springs, Okla., Ni-hni’-bo-
shta (which see).
short, dsa’-pa.
he is short, ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ka dsa-pa
bia.
shore, dse’-do® k’o®-ha kshe.
I walked on the shore, dse’-do®
k’o®-ha kshe a-a-mo®-bthi®.
you walked on the shore, dse’-do®
k’o"-ha kshe a’-tha-mo®-ni.
we walked on the shore, dse’-do"
k’o"-ha kshe 0®-ga-mo®-thi® i.
shorten (to), as a dress or sleeves,
thi-dsa’-pa.
I shortened it, bthi-dsa-pa.
you shortened it, ni’-dsa-pa.
we shortened it, o®-thi’-dsa-pa i.
shotgun (single barrel), mo™-zhi®-ga
u-zhi.
shoulder, i*-kshe’-de; i*-ke’-dse; a’-
btho.
I broke my shoulder, i*-kshe’-de
wa-hi pi-xo" ha.
you broke your shoulder, i*-kshe’-de
wa-hi shpi-xo".
shoulder (bent or stooped), a’-ba-
t?-o-xa.
shoulder straps, i®-ke-de i-ko®-the.
shout, bo"; no®-hu’-¢a-gi.
I shout; a-po*.
you shout, tha-shpo?.
we shout, 0®-bo™ i.
I shouted, a-hu’-¢a-gi.
you shouted, tha-hu’-¢a-gi.
we shouted, o®-hu-ca-gi i.
show (to), ba-ha’.
I show, pa-ha’.
you show, shpa-ha.
we show, 0®-ba-hai.
show (to), gi-ba-ha.
he showed it to me, 0*’-ba-ha.
1 showed my horse to him, ka-wa
wi-ta e-pa-ha do®-be a-ki-the ha.
you showed him your land, mo®-sho™
thi-ta tho" the-shpa-ha.
shower (a), ni-zhiu’ zhi™-ga.

LA FLESCHE]

showy, u-ta’-ca.
he has a showy blanket, ha-xi" wi"
a-thi a-ka ha u-ta-ca xtsi.
shrew (mouselike), u’-ha ¢ka-zhi.
shrivel from heat, da’-ts’i2-tha.
shudder, thi-bthu’-bthu-xe.
shuffle (to) when walking, to®-to»’-
tha.
I shuffle when walking, to®-to®’-tha
bthe.
you shuffle when walking, to®-to»’-
tha stse.
we shuffle when walking, to®-to®’-tha
o®-ga-tha i.
shuffle (to) cards, wa-thi’-ba-ha.
1 shuffle cards, wa-bthi-ba-ha.
you shuffle cards, wa-ni-ba-ha.
we shuffle cards, 0®-wo® thi-ba-ha i.
shun, gi’-ha-ce.
shut (to), as a door, a’-thi-do®.
I shut (the door), a’-bthi-do*.
you shut (the door), a’-shni-do®.
we shut (the door), 0®-ga’-thi-do® i.
shy, same as bashful.
shy (to be), mo”-xi-ga; (2) wa’-ba-
gtha.
I am shy, a’-pa-gtha.
you are shy, a’-shpa-gtha.
we are shy, 0” -ga-ba-gtha.
sick (to be), hiu’-he-ga.
I am sick, 0-hiu’-he-ga.
you are sick, tha-hiu’-he-ga.
we are sick, wa-hiu’-ge-ga i.
sicken (to), hiu’-he ga-xe.
sickly, o’-ka-wa-the; (2) u’-ka-wa-the.
he is very sickly, wa-gthi® u-ka-wa-
tha bi a.
you are sickly, u-thi’-ka-wa-the.
sickly color, u-ga’-ci-gi-hi.
sick stomach, tho-dse ba-shto"-ga.
side of a hill, a’-tha-a-be; (2) wa’-tha-
k’a-be.
from the side of, thi-u’-ba-he.
side of a house, tho”’-dse-ba-he.
side by side (as to lie), ko*’-cga-ha
zho®.
side by side (as walking), ko’-ca-he
mo2®-thi®.
let us walk side by side, ko®’-ca-ha
o®-mo®-thi® a-tho.
sieve (a coarse one), we’-ga-zhi*.
sieve for screening grain, wa-dsiu’-e
i-ga-zhi®.
sigh (a), ni-o™’-gthu-ge.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

329

sigh (to), as the wind, xo’-e.
sight on a gun, we’-do®-be.
sign (a), u’-we-to2-i2.
sign (to) a name, a’-k’o®-he.
I signed my name, wa-gthe-ce i-zha-
zhe a'-a-gi-k’o"-he.
you signed your name, wa-gthe-ce
i-zha-zhe a-tha-gi-k’o®-he.
we signed our names, wa-gthe-¢ce i-
zha-zhe o*®-ga-gi-k’o® ha i.
signal (to make a), wa-ba’-ha.
I signaled, wa-pa’-ha.
you signaled, wa-shka/’-ha.
we signaled, 0®-wo®-ba’-ho? i.
signature, zha’-zhe a-k’o"-he (which
see).
silent, xthi-u’-zhi.
he is silent, xthi-u-zhu i ha.
silly, same as dunce.
similar, go™-ce’-go".
simpleton, ni’-ka ts’e-ga.
simultaneous, ko®-¢a’ shko®,
sincere, wi®’-ke.
he is sincere, wi2’-ka i ha.
sincerity, same as sincere.
sinew, ta-ko™.
sing (to), wa-tho.
I sing, wa-btho™.
you sing, wa-shto™.
singe, da’-shta.
you singed the chicken, giu’-ka zhi2-
ga da-shta tha-the ha.
single, wi®-xtsi.
singular, e’-zhi-xtsi.
sink (to) a boat, ba-dse ni pa-ha i-the.
I sink the boat, ba-dse’ ni pa-ha
i-the a-the.
you sank the boat, ba-dse’ ni pa-ha
i-the tha-the.
we sank the boat, ba-dse’ ni pa-ha
i-the o®-tha i.
Sioux (Indian), Pa’-ba-wa-xo*.
sister (elder), i-zho"’-the; (2) i-to®’-ge.
sister (younger), i’-to™’-’e zhi®-ga.
sister-in-law, i’-ho"-ga.
sister-in-law (a woman/s), i-shi’-ko*
sit (to), gthir.
we sit, o®’-gthi*.
sit (to) upon, a’-gthis.
I sit upon, a’-a-gthi*.
you sit upon, a’-tha-gthi*.
sit (to) in one’s yard, u-gi-gthi>.
I sat with them, zhu-a’-wa-gthe a-
gthis.

330

sit (to) beside, ko™-ca-ha-gthi*.
sit (to) Turk fashion, ga-btha’-zhe.
I sit Turk fashion at a feast, ga-
btha’-zhe a-gthi® ha ki-ku tse-dsi.
site (a), u-tsi’.
it is a beautiful site, u-tsi’ do®-be
tha-gthi*.
sitting (as a bird on a nest), u-gi’-
zho® a-ka.
sitting (where one is), thi*-kshe dsi.
he was sitting, thit-kshe no®.
six, sha’-pe.
six spot (in deck of cards), sha’-pe
a-zhi.
sixteen, a-gthi" sha’-pe.
sixth, we’-sha-pe.
six times, sha’-pe-o*.
sixty, gthe’-btho” sha-pe.
size (as measurement), ha’-tho®-¢ka.
this size, the’-tho"-cka.
I want a box this size, zho*’-ga-gu-
we the’-tho"-¢cka wi ko®-btha.
skate (to), no™=c¢i’-o7.
I skated, no®-¢i’-o® mo®.
you skated, no®-¢ci’-o" zho®.
we skated, no®-¢i’-o® 0” i.
skeleton, ni’-ka-shi-ga wa-hi.
skewers (large wooden), we’-ba-hno®.
skilled (to be), wa-pi-o™.
I am skilled, wa-pi’-mo?.
you are skilled, wa-shpi’-zho*.
skilled in language, i-e’-pi-o".
skillet (a), we-zhe-gtho®.
skillful, pi-o™.
skim (to), ga-tse’.

I skim the milk, ba-cge’-ni tse a-tse’.
skimmer (a) for removing grease
from cooked food, i’-ga-tse.

skin (to), thi-xa’-be.
I skinned the ox, tse-cka ke bthi-
xa-be.
you skinned the ox, tse-¢ka ke stsi-
xa-be.
skin (to) beef, u-ga’-stse-ge.
I am skinning the beef, u-wa’-ga-
stse-ge.
you are skinning the beef, u-tha’-ga-
stse-ge.
we are skinning the beef, o®-gu’-ga-
stse-ga i.
skin, ha; (2) xi®-ha’; (3) xu’-ha.
skin of the toes, ¢i-pa’-ha.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

skirt, wa-tse’.
my skirt is short, wa-tse’ wi-ta tho»
dsa-pa.
skittish, wa-da’ thi®-ge.
skull (the), we’-thi-xthi wa-hi.
skunk, mo” -ga-gthe-ce.
sky, ke’-tha; (2) mo*’-xe.
slander (to), wa-tha’-shi-ge.
I slandered him, wa-btha’-shi-ge.
you slandered him, wa-hna’-shi-ge.
slander (to), tha-be’-gi-the; wa-tha’-
be gi-the.
I slander, btha’-be-gi-the.
you slander, shna’-be-gi-the.
we slander, 0®-tha’-be gi-tha i.
slander (to, in a bad sense), ga-co™.
slap (to), sha’-ge-i-tsi®.
I slapped him, sha’-ge i-tha’-tsi®.
you slapped him, sha‘-ge i’-tha-tsi®.
we slapped him, sha’-ge 0®-tho®-tsi® i.
slash (to hack to pieces), ga-shpa’-
shpa.
slaughter, tse-cka’-ts’e-the.
slaw, we’-thi-xthi to®-ga ba-to-be.
slay (to), ts’e-the.
I slew him, ts’e-a’-the.
you slew him, ts’e-tha-the.
sleek, hi®’-¢o-dse.
the horse has sleek hair, ka’-wa a-ka
hi*-go*®-dse bi a.
sleep (to), zho*.
I sleep, a-zho®.
you sleep, tha-zho?.
we sleep, 0®-zho® i.
sleepiness, i®-shta’ u-ts’u-xe.
my eyes feel sleepy, i"-shta’ 0®-ts’u-xe.
your eyes look sleepy, i®-shta’ thi-
ts’u-xe.
sleeve, a’-kshe.
sleigh, zho’-a-ga-¢ctu-e.
slender, xtha’ zhi®-ga; (2) ga-gi-zhi"-ga.
slice, ba’-to-be.
I slice (the bread), pa’-to-be.
you slice (the bread), shpa‘-to-be.
we slice (the bread), 0®-ba’-to-ba i.
slick, shta’-ha.
slide (to) by pushing, ba-xu’-e.
I made it slide by pushing, pa’-xu-e.
you made it slide by pushing, shpa’-
xu-e.
we made it slide by pushing, o®-ba’-
xu-a i.
slim. (See slender.)

LA FLESCHE]

sling shot, i’n’-ga-ci-tha.
I made a sling shot, i’*’-ga-ci-tha
Wi? pa-xe.
you made a sling shot, i’»’-ga-gi-tha
wi? shka-xe.
we made a sling shot, i?®’-ga-ci-tha
wi" o®-ga-xa i.
slippery elm, hi*’-dse gthi-gthi-e.
slit (to) animals’ ears, u-ga’-stse-ge.
slit for identification, ba-zha’-ta.
I slit the horse’s ears to mark it, ba’-
a-zha-ta.
you slit the horse’s ears to mark it,
ba’-tha-zha-ta.
we slit the horse’s ears to mark it,
ba’‘-o®-zha-ta i.
slit (to make a), thi-stse’-ge.
I made a slit, bthi’-stse-ge.
you made a slit, ni-stse-ge.
slop over, xto®.
slope (a), a’-pa-bo; (2) a’-tha-k’a-be.
slough, mo®-ni-shki-shki-ga.
slough grass, ¢i-du’-hi.
sloven, wa-k’o’ u-ta-ca-zhi.
slow movements, wa-ctu’-dse.
slow pace, i’-thi-gtho.
sluggish, u-thi’-ko" thi"-ge.
small, zhi*-ga.
small hill, ba-xu zhi®-ga.
smallpox, ga-da’-zhe;
zhi®-ga.
smart, wa-thi’-gtho® gi-ci.
smash (to), thi-xtho®-zhe.
I smash, bthi-xtho»’-zhe.
you smash, ni’-xtho"-zhe.
we smash, 02-thi’-xtho®-zha i.
smell something cooking or burn-
ing, da’-btho2,
I smell something burning, da’-btho®
u-hthi-btho:.
you smell something burning, da’-
btho® u-stsi-btho2.
we smell something burning,
btho® o®-gu-thi-btho" i.
smell of spoiled food, gtho"-ce.
smile (a), i’-xa zhi®-ga.
smoke, sho’-dse.
turned to smoke, sho’-dse-no®.
smoke vent, tsi’-hu-ko2.
smooth (to make) by use of a plane,
ba-shda’-ha.
I planed the surface smooth, pa‘-
shda-ha.

67025—32—— 22

zhu’-dse

(2)

da’-

OSAGE DICTIONARY

301

smooth (to make) by use of a
plane—continued.

you planed the surface smooth,
shpa’-shda-ha.
we planed the surface smooth,

o®-ba’-shda-ha 1.
smooth surface, i’-ba-btha-cka.
smother (to), ni-o® a-no-ce.

I smother, ni-o" a-a-no™-ce.

you smother, ni-o™ a-tha-no®-ce.

we smother, ni-o" wa-no®-¢a i.

snake, we’-ts’a.

black snake, we’-ts’a ¢a-be.

bull snake, we’-ts’a-ci-ci-e.

blue racer (snake), we’-ts’e to-ho
zhi®-ga.

copperhead (snake),
thi-xthi zhu-dse.

garter snake, we’-ts’a gthe-ce.

glass snake, we’-ts’a-tsi-tsi-zhe.

moccasin snake, we’-ts’a u-bi-xo®.

water snake, we’-ts’a ni-dsi-wa-o2.
young snake just hatched, we’-ts’a
pa-ta zhi2-ga.
snap (to), thi-ba’-xe.

I snapped it, bthi’-ba-xe.

you snapped it, shni’-ba-xe.

we snapped it, 0®-thi’-ba-xa i.

snapping turtle, ke-cit’-dse ga-tse.

snare (for fish), hu-bi-dse (which
see).

snarled, i’-thi-cki-¢ki.

snatch (to), xa-pi-e’-the.

I snatch, xa-pi-a-tha.

you snatch, xa-pi-tha-the.

we snatch, xa-pi-o®-tha i.

snath, mo™-hi® ga-ce i-ba.
sneeze (to), he’-tsi2.

I sneeze, he-a’-tsi®.

you sneeze, he’-tha-tsi".

To sneeze among the Osage is the
thought somebody is slandering
him.

snipe (a), to®-i’ zhi-ga (which see).
snow, ba.

snowbird, wa-zhi"-xo-e zhi*-ga.
snowing, ba-hiu’-the.

snore (to), zho®-xtho-dse.

I snore, zho™ a-xtho-dse.

you snore, zho® tha-xtho-dse.

snort (to), xtho-xtho’-dse.
snout, pa.

we'-ts’a we-

332

soaked, ni’-ga-shpo”.

I soaked the clothes,
ni-ga-shpo® a-the.
soap, we’-bi-ka; we’-biu-ka.

Buy me some soap, we’-biu-ka du-ba
o®-thi-wi" a he.
soapsuds, ta-to’-xa.
soar (to), asa large bird, u-ga’-wi"-xe.
the eagle soars, xi-tha a-ba ga-wi®-xe
no® bi a.
soaring, ga-ku’-wi®-xe.
soaring in circles, o-ga’-wi®-xe.
soaring of birds, ga-wi*’-xe.
sober, no”’-xe-cka.
he is sober, no®’-xe-¢ka bi a.
society (of people, as a club), shka’-
dse hi wa-thi*.
socket, u-gthe’.
socks, ho®-be’ u-ga-wi®-xe.
I like blue socks, ho®-be’ u-ga-wi"-xe
to-ho ge xta-a-the.
soda (baking), we’-da-ho®.
sodden, shpo®.
soft, wa-he’-he.
soft bread, wa-dsiu’-e-sho?.
soft palate, we-tha’-hni u-ba-cu-tse.
soft-shell turtle, ke shto™-ga.
soften (to) with water,
gthu-ce.
soften (to) with ripeness, dsu’-dse.
soil, mo®-i"’-ka; (2) mo®-thi’-ka.
sold, we’-thi-wi" thi-shto®.
I sold the house, tsi tse we-bthi-wi®
bthi-shto® ha.
I sold two horses to the man, ni’-ka-
shi-ga a-ka ka-wa tho®-ba o2-thi-
wi" a-ka o.
soldier, a’-ki-da.
sole, u-ko™’-dse; ci’-a-no®-zhi.
the sole of my foot pains, ¢i-a-no®-zhi
ke 0?-ni-e.
solemn, a’-zhu-ba.
solemnity, a’-zhu-ba.
solicit (to), da; wa-da’.
I solicit, a-da.
you solicit, tha-da.
we solicit, o®-da i.
solicitous, u’-tho®-dse-shi.
he was solicitous for me, u’-tho®-dse-
o®-shi bi a.
solid, ¢a’-gi.
the house is solid, tsi a-ka ¢a-gi bi a.
solidify, ¢a-gi ga-xe.
solitary, o-ko-dse tsi-gthe.

ha-cka tse

ba-ni’-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 1u9

solitary hill, ba-xu’ da-pa o-ko®-dse.
some, do’-ba; (2) ki-go®.
give me some sugar, zho®-ni do’-ba
a-ki o.
I want some coffee, mo®-ko" ¢a-be
ko®-btha.
somersault, bo’-ki-tha-tsi-ce.
somerset, bo’-ki-tha tsi zhu.
he made a complete somerset, bo’-ki-
tha tsi zhu o" bi tse thi-pi xtsi

o* bi a.
something, da’-do®-shki.
something is wrong, da’-do®-shki

ho*-zhi wi" e-dsi a-ka e-zha-mi.
son, i-zhi’-ge.
second son, ksho®’-ga.
third son, ka’-zhi®-ga.
my third son is a farmer, ka’zhi®-ga
a-ka wa-e ni-ka-shi-ga bi a.
song (a), wa-tho.
son-in-law, i-to"’-de; (2) i-to®’-dse.
my son-in-law, wi-to”’-dse.
sorceress, wa-ko"’-da-gi wa-k’o.
sore, ni-e.
sore eyes, i®-shta’ ni-e.
sore throat, do’-dse ni-e.
I have a sore throat, do’-dse 0®-ni-e.
you have a sore throat, do’-dse thi
ni-e.
sorrel, mo”’-sho" i-ci-the (sheep sorrel).
sorrow, gi-ho™ a-zhi.
I am in sorrow, 0o”-ho®-mo®-zhi.
you are in sorrow, thi-ho™ a-zhi.
sort (to), ba-hi’.
I sorted the beans, ho®-bthi®-ge tse
pa-hi.
sot, gtho»’-thi*.
soul, wa-no”’-xe.
sound (a grating), ga-ka ’a-xe.
sound (a rattling), as pebbles in a
receptacle, ba-¢ca-cu.
sound (crunching of feet through
the grass), no®-cu-e.
sound (dull), ga-po’-ki.
I made a dull sound, a’-po-ki.
you made a dull sound, tha’-po-ki.
we made a dull sound, 0®-ga’-po-ki i.
soup, ta-ni’.
sour, ts’a-the.
sour milk, ba-ce’-ni ts’a-the.
source, u-ho”’-ge.
south, a’-k’a.
south wind, ta’-dse a-k’a tse.

LA FLESCHE]

sow (to), wa-bo’-cke u-zhu.
I sow, wa-bo’-cke u-wa-zhu.
you sow, wa-bo’-cke u-tha-zhu.
we sow, wa-bo’-cke 0®-gu-zhu i.
space, u-ko™’.
spacious, u-ko®-gtho"-the.
a spacious house, tsi u-ko" gtho®-the
oO.
we have a spacious house, tsi u-ko®
gtho-the wi" 02-ga-thi" bi a.
spade, we’-ba-k’u (which see).
spade (in deck of cards), mo”’-hi-ci.
I have the queen of spades, mo” -hi-ci
wa-k’u kshe a-bthi.
span, sha’-ge we-k’u-tse.
spank (to), sha’-ge btha-k’a i-tsit.
he spanked the boy, shi*-to zhi2-ga
thi kshe sha’-ge btha-k’a i-tsi
bia.
Spaniard, I-spa’-tho.
spare (to), ni’-ga-xe.
I spared his life, ni pa-xe.
you spared his life, ni shka-xe.
we spared his life, ni o®-ga-xa i.
sparkle (to), thi-gthi’-gthi-e.
sparks (from burning wood), da’-ci-
gi-ge.
sparks from a fire, xthi-zha’.
spasm, ts’e hi’-gthi*.
spatter (to), as water, ni’-no®-ci-ge.
I spattered the water, ni-a’-no®-ci-ge.
you spattered the water, ni-tha’-no2-
ci-ge.
we spattered the water, ni-o®-no-
gi-ga i.
speak (to), i’-e; u-ki’e.
I speak rapidly, i’-e 0"-wo®-to-ge.
speak to a friend, u-gi’-ki-e.
I spoke to a friend, i-ku-tha u-wa-gi-
ki-e.
you spoke to a friend, i-ku-tha u-tha-
gi-ki-e.
you spoke to him, u-tha’-ki-e.
speaking, wa-da’.
he spoke to himself, u-ki’-gtha-ge.
speak (to) evil of some one, wa-
tha’-pi-zhi.
I spoke evil of him, wa-btha’-pi-zhi.
you spoke evil of him, wa-shta’-pi-
zhi.
speak (to) of one’s self, u-ki-gtha-ge.
I spoke of myself, u-wa-ki-gtha-ge.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

330

speak (to) of one’s self—continued.

you spoke of yourself, u-tha-ki-
gtha-ge.

we spoke of ourselves, 0®-gu-ki-gtha-
gai.

spear, we’-zha-pshe.

the spear is very sharp, we’-zha-pshe

ke pa-hi wa-gthi*.
spear (to) fish, ho i’-zha-pshe.

I killed the big fish with a spear,
hu-hu’ to"-ga kshe ho i’-zha-pshe
ke i-tse a-the ha.

speckled corn, ha’-ba gthe-zhe.
spectacles, mo” -ce i-shta u-gtho®.
my spectacles are dirty, mo”-ce
i7-stu-gtho® wi-ta tho® mo®-sho-
sho-dse i*-tha ha.
specter, u’-be-hni.
speedily, u’-no®-xthi® xtsi.
spend (to), ni’-the.
I spend money, mo*-ce-cka ni’-a-gi-

the.
you spend money, mo"-ce-cka ni’-
tha-gi-the.
Wwe spend money, mo®-c¢e-cka ni’-o"-
gi-tha i.
spendthrift, mo” -ce-¢cka i-ts’a-the.
he is a _spendthrift, mo*-ce-cka

i-ts’a-the ma e-go" i ha.
spew (to), gthe’-be.
I spewed, a’-gthe-be.
you spewed, tha’-gthe-be.
we spewed, o®-gthe’-ba i.
spider, tse’-xo-be.
spider (black), tse’-xo-be ¢a-be.
spider legs, tse’-xo-be zhe-ga.
spider web, tse’-xo-be ti-he.
spiderlike, tse’-xo-be e’-go".
spill (to), xto*.
I spilled it, pa’-xto*.
you spilled it, shpa’-xto.
we spilled the water, 0®-ba-xto? 1.
spill water out of a vessel, ba-sho™
tha.
I spilled the water from the vessel,
pa’-sho®-tha.
you spilled the water from the vessel,
shpa’-sho®-tha.
we spilled the water from the vessel,
o®-ba’-sho®-tha i.
spinal column, no’-ka o®-he.
spine, no™-xa hi.
spinster, wa-k’o’ wa-thi-xa-zhi.

334

spit (to), tha-k’i.
he spit on the ground, tha-k’i’ bi
a to®-de ke-di.
splash (to), ni’-ga-ci-ge.
I splashed, ni a’-ci-ge.
you splash, ni’-tha-gi-ge ha.
splash with the hands, ni-ga’-to-xe.
splash with the foot, ni-no”-to-xe.
spleen, psi’-stse-dse; (2) tse-pi’-stse-dse.
splendid, tha’-gthi"; (2) wax-ka-da-
zhi®.
splice (to), u-gi’-ki-gthe; (2) u-ki’-gthe.
I spliced the rope, we’-thi ke u-wa-
gi-ki-gthe.
you spliced the rope, we’-thi™ ke
u-tha’-gi-ki-gthe.
we spliced the rope,
o®-gu-gi-ki-gtha a.
split, ga’-stse; stse’-ge.
the dog has a split ear, sho™’-ge a-ka
no®-ta stse-ga bi a.
split (to), u-ba’-stse-ge.
I split the board, no™-ha ke u-pa
stse-ge.
you split the board, no®’-ha ke u-shka
stse-ge.
we split the board, no™’-ha ke o®-gu-
ga-stse-ga 1.
spoil (to) by cutting or burning,
thi-pi’-zhi.
spoils, da’-do" wa-gi-sha.
spoils of war, wa-ga’-she.
sponge (a), wa-shto™-ga.
sponge is found in water, wa-shto”-
ga ge ni mo®-tse i-the no® bi o.
spoon (a), tsiu’-ge.
spoon (silver), mo®-ce’ ¢ka tsiu-ge.
spoon (wooden), zho™ tsiu-ge.
spoon (iron), mo”’-ce tsiu-ge.
sport (to), shka’-dse.
sportsman, ta’-bthe gi-tha-gthi>.
sportive, skha’-dse gi-cu.
spotted, gthe-zhe’.
the duck is spotted, mi’-xa zhi®-ga
thi=-kshe gthe-zhe’.
spotless, wa’-cu.
spots, u-ca’-ka.
spotted, gthe-zha’-zha.
spread (to), thi-btha.
I spread the blaknet, ha-xi™ tho»
bthi-btha.
you spread the blanket, ha-xi2 tho®
stsi-btha.

we’-this ke

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

spread oilcloth, a’-thi-btha.
I spread oilcloth, a’-bthi-btha.
you spread oilcloth, a’-ni-btha.
we spread oilcloth, o°’-ga-thi-btha i.
spread easily, a’-ki-o*-the u-mo?-ka.
spread out, btha-xe.
sprig, ga-xa’ wa-hu-stsa.
give me a sprig of the pine tree, ba-
co" hi ga-xa wa-hu-stsa wi® ko-
btha.
spring (a), bo’-bthi; (2) u-i; (3) ni-hni’
mo"-zho®-ta.
spring (of the year), be.
it is a cold spring, be a-ka hni bi a.
spring (to), u-i’-¢i.
the panther sprang on the man, i®-
gtho-ga a-ka ni-ka-shi-ga to" a
u-i-ci bi a.
spring of cold water, ni-gni.
Spring River, Okla., Do’-¢ckiu-e ga-xa.
I live near Spring River, Do’-¢kiu-e
ga-xa ke a-shka dsi a-gthi?.
sprinkler, ni’ a-ga-ci-ge.
sprite, mi’-a-gthu-shka.
sprout (to), zha-bthi*’-ga.
I want to sprout the rose, xtha-cka
zha-bthi®-ga wi? ko®-btha.
sprout (a), u-i’.
spruce (to) up, u-ta’-ga.
I spruced up, u-ta’-ca a-ki-the.
you spruced up, u-ta’-ca tha-ki-the.
spruce tree, ba’-co" hi.
spunk (punk), zho»’-ts’i-k’a.
spurn, gi’-thu-¢ga-zhi.
I spurn, a-bthu’-ca mo*-zhi.
you spurn, tha-shnu’-¢a zhi.
spurs, i’-ga-k’i-tha.
sputter (to), da’-xu-we. (This applies
to food when cooking.)
spyglass, we’-do-be.
I want a spyglass, we’-do®-be wi®
ko-btha.
squander (to), u-thi’-bu-dse.
I squander, u-bthi’-bu-dse.
you squander, u-ni’-bu-dse.
we squander, 0®-gu’-thi-bu-dsa i.
squash, wa-to.
squash (crookneck), wa-to®-pa ku-sha.
squash (yellow), wa-to® ci.
squash vine, wa-to® hi.
squash (to). (See smash.)
I squash, bthi-xtho®-zhe.
you squash, ni’-xtho®-zhe.
we squash, 0®-thi’-xtho®-zha i.

LA FLESCHE]

squeaking sound (as a loose board),
thi-gi’-dse.
I squeaked the board, bthi’-gi-dse.
You squeaked the board, ni’-gi-dse.
We squeaked the board, o2-thi’-gi-
dsa i.
squeeze, a’-thi-co"-dse.
I squeeze, a’-bthi-co®-dse.
you squeeze, a’-ni-co™-dse.
we squeeze, 0” -ga-thi-co"-dsa i.
squirrel, git’-ga.
squirrel (black), gi.’-ga ¢a-be.
squirrel (flying), it-cho™ btha-xe.
squirrel (gray), ¢i™’-ga xo-dse.
squirrel (striped), ta-hno™-ga.
squirrel (little ground), he’-xthi
zhi®-ga.
stab (to), zha-pshe.
I stabbed him, zha-a-pshe.
you stabbed him, zha-tha’-pshe.
stab (to) a horse, zha’-gi-he.
stable, ka’-wa tsi.
stack (to), a’-ga-cta.
I stack, a’-a-ga-cta.
you stack, a’-tha-ga-¢ta.
we stack, 0"-ga’-ga-cta i.
stag beetle, ta’-wa-gthu-shka.
stagger (to), xi’-xi-tha.
stagger from being pushed, ba’-he-
i-the-a-tha.
I caused him to stagger, pa’-he i-the-
a-tha.
you caused him to stagger, shpa’-he
i-the-tha-the.
we caused him to stagger, o"-ba’-he
i-the-o®-tha i.
stagnant, shta’-ge.
a stagnent spring, ni-gni te shta-ge.
staid, no™-xe-cka.
stain (a), tho’-tho.
stains, wa-tha-xthi.
stairs, a’-no®-zhi®-gthe.
I fell down the stairs, a’-no®-zhi"-gthe
tse 02-wo®-xpa-the.
stake (upright in the ground),
zho™ -bo-¢a.
stake (a gambling term), u-gtho?.
stalk (of plant), hi.
stalk of grain, wa-bo’-cke hi.
stalk of corn, ha’-ba hi.
stall for horses, ka-wa u-no®-zhi?.
stallion, ka’-wa do-ga.
stalwart, ci’-ci.
he is stalwart, gi’-ci bi a.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

335

stammer (to), the’-ce u-ba-ci-ge.
stamp (to put out a fire with the
feet), no®-da’-zhi.

I stamped out the fire, a-no®’-da-zhi.

you stamped out the fire, tha-no®’-da-

zhi.

we stamped out the fire, 02-no’-da-

zhi i.
stanch (flow of blood), a-biu’-¢e.
stand (to), no®-zhi®; (2) a’-no™=zhi".

I stand on the ridge, a’-thi= ke a’-a-

no®-zhi2.

you stand on the ridge, a’-thi2 ke

a-tha-no®-zhi*.

I stand up, a-no®’-zhi? a-to® hi o.
stand (to) bent, ba-ko no®-zhi” o.
stand close to a tree, a’-tha-cta-no™-

zhi2.
stand upright, stsiu’-no®-zhi" o.
stand (to), to®.
standing, tho’-to*.
standing up straight, tho’-to™ a-no-

zhi,
I am still standing, sho*’-a-to™-he
a-tho.
you are still standing, sho’-tha-
to®-she.
to stand abreast, i’-ga-dso®-the no2-
zhi,
the soldiers stood abreast, i’-ga-
dso®-the no®-zhi2 bi a a-ki’-da
a-ka.
standard (war), wa-xtha’; (2) wa-
xthe’-xthe (which see).
star, mi-k’a-k’e.
star (evening), wa-tse mi-ga.
star (morning), wa-tse do-ga.
starer (rude person), wa-do"-be
stse-e.

starling, xo’ta xo-dse.
start (to) a prairie fire, u-ce’.
I started a prairie fire, u-wa’-ce.
you started a prairie fire, u-tha’-¢e.
we started a prairie fire, o®-gu’-¢a i.
startle (to), ho’-sha-tsi-the.
I startled him, ho’-sha-tsi-the pa-xe.
you startled him, ho’-sha-tsi bthe
shka-xe.
startler, u’-shi-tsi-the wa-ga-xe.
starve (to), no™-pe’-hi ts’e.
I am starved, no®-pe’-hi a-ts’e.
you are starved, no®-pe’-hi tha-ts’e.
we are starved, no®-pe’-hi 02-ts’a i.
stateliness, u-ta-ca.

336

statement (to make a); u-tha’-ge.

I made a statement, u-btha’-ge.

you made a statement, u-shta’-ge.

we made a statement, o°-gu’-tha-ga i.

statement (false), e-go”’-zhi u-tha-ge.

I made a false statement, she’ thi®-ke
i-e-go"-zhi u-btha-ge mi®-kshe.

you made a false statement, i’-e-
go"-zhi u-sta-ga bi a.

we made a false statement, i’-e-go"-
zhi o®-gu-tha gi 0®-ga-to*.

statue, i"-dse’ a-da ga-xe (which see).
statute, wa-ki-gtha-dse; (2) u’-wa-ki-
gtha-dse.
steal (to), mo®-tho"; wa-mo®-tho?.
I steal, wa-mo®-btho®.
you steal, wa-mo”-shto®.
stealthily, xthu’-zhi go®-tha; (2) no®-
ni’-ni-tha.
steam, p’o-tho®.
the steam burnt my arm, p’o-tho®
tse o®-tho® ni-de a-ka.
steamboat, ba-dse’ pe-dse.
steam car, u-thi’-to"-tha k’o-¢a-gi
(which see).
steam from boilingkettle,u-p’o’-tho".
steel, mo™-ce ¢ca-gi.
steel and flint, ga-xthi’-zhe.
steel trap, mo"-ce.

I caught the beaver in a steel trap,
shabe wi® u-bthi-ge mo®-ce u-thu
bthi*-ge.

steep, a’-tha-a-be.

a steep hill, u-ga’-hu-dse.
steer (a), tse-cka do-ga.
stench, wa-xwi™.
step, ci-thu’-ce.

I took a step, ¢i-bthu-¢e.

you took a step, ¢i-stsiu-¢ce.

we took a step, ¢i-o®’-thu-¢a i.

stick to, a’-tha-ha.
sticking together, a’-ki-tha-cta.
sticky, ¢ka’-cka-be; we’-tha-cta.
the candy is sticky, zho®-ni a-ka
we-tha-cta bi a.
stiff, ca’-da.
stiff-jointed, ¢a’-da.

I am stiff-jointed, bthi’-ca-da.

you are stiff-jointed, ni’-ca-da.

we are stiff-jointed, o®-thi’-ca-da 1.

stiffen (to), ca’-da ga-xe.

I stiffened it, ga’-da pa-xe.

you stiffened it, ga’-da shka-xe.

we stiffened it, ga’-da 0°-ga-xa i.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL, 109

stifle (to), ni-o a’-no"-ce.
still, xthi-u’-zhi.
he lay very still,
sho" bi a.
stilts, zho"’-i-mo"-thi® (which see).
sting (to), ba-ci’-ge.
stingy, tho’-dse ga-gi; (2) wa-tse-xi;
(3) wa-xthi’.
he is very stingy, wa-tse-xi wa-gthi®
bi a.
stink (a), wa-xwi?.
stir (to), shko"®; u-thu’-ga hi.
I am stirring, u-thu’-wa-ga-hi.
you are stirring, u-thu’-tha-ga hi.
stir (to) a fire, a’-ba-do®.
I stir the fire, a’-pa-do*.
you stir the fire, a’-shpa-do*.
we stir the fire, 0®-ga-ba-do? i.
stirrup, ¢ciu’-no®-zhi".
I broke my stirrup,
a-gi-no®-xo™.
stockade, a’-ba-ta.
the enemy broke the _ stockade,
ni’-ka-shi-ga wa-ko®-tha a-ba a-ba-
ta ga-ta-tha bi a.
stocky, zhu’-i-ga gtho®-the.
stone, i’®; i" tha-gthi?.
stone house, i’® tsi.
you live in a large stone house,
V2 tsi gtho®-the wi? u-tha-gthi®
ni-ke ha.
stone pitcher, i’" niu-thu-zhu.
stool (round top), a’-gthi® da-pa.
stoop under a fence, ba-xthu’.
I stoop under the fence, a-ba-ta ke
pa’-xthu.
you stoop under the fence, a-ba-ta
ke shpa’-xthu.
we stoop under the fence, a-ba-ta
ke o®-ga-ba-xthu i.
stop (to), applied to whipping, ga-
shto®.
stop (to) work, ga-sho" ga-xe.
stop (to) going or standing still,
no®-shto*.
stop (to) holding, thi-shto®.
I stopped (let go), bthi-shto*.
you stopped (let go), ni-shto*.
we stopped (let go), o®-thi-shto® i.
stop (to) a fever, zhu-da’-ka-dse
a-thi-shto®.
stop (a command), tha-shto®.
stopper (to a bottle), we’-u-tha-do*.
storehouse, u’-wa-pi-gthe.

xthi-u’-zhi_ xtsi

giu’-no®-zhi®

LA FLESCHE]
storeroom (for food), u’-no®-bthe
u-zhi.
story (a), u’-tha-ge.
stove (a), mo”’-ce pe-dse i-shko®.
stovepipe, mo*’-ce u-xtho-k’a.
the stovepipe is rusty,
u-xtho-k’a tse u-ci ha.
straight (as character), u-thu-to?.
straight (opposed to crooked), stsu.
the arrow is straight, mo™’-ke stsu.
straight line, i’-thu-to".
straighten (to), thi-stsu’;
to.
straighten (to) by hand, bi-thu’-to*.
I straighten it by hand, pi’-thu-to®.
you straightened it by hand, shpi’-
thu-to®.
we straightened it by hand, o®-bi’-
thu-to® i.
straighten (to) with the teeth,
tha-thu’-to*.
I straightened it with my teeth,
btha’-thu-to®.
you straightened it with your teeth,
shda/’-thu-to®.
straightway, wo"-go-xtsi.
strand (of yarn), wa-ho™.
stranger, ni’-ka-shi-ga e-zhi.
I am a stranger, ni’-ka-shi-ga e-zhi
bthi2 ha.
strangle (to), wa’-tse.

mo"’-¢e

thi-tho’-

I strangled on water, ni o?-tho®
ga-tse.
strangle (to) on food, do-dse u-ga-
cki.

straw, wa-bo’-cke hi.
strawberry, ba-stse’-ga.
I like strawberries, ba-stse’-ga o"-
tha-gthi* no® a-tha.
strawberry vine, ba-stse’-ga hiu.
streaked, i’ ga-xu-xu.
stream, ga-xa ko™-ha kshe u-wa-pa
bthe a-tho.
street, u-ta’-no®; (2) u-zho”’-ge u-ta-
no®.
strength, wa-shko™.
to regain strength, wa-shko™ gi-to®.
I regained my strength, wa-shko®
a-gi-to®.
you regained your strength, wa-
shko™ tha-gi-to®.
great strength, wa-shko™ to™-ga.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

337

stretch (to), thi-ca-da; thi-gtha’-wa;
thi-zhi*.
I stretched, bthi’-zhi*.
you stretched, ni’-zhi".
we stretched, 02-thi’-zhi" i.
stretch (to) one’s self, ki-tha’-¢i.
stretch (to) growing limbs, i’-ga-ci-
ge.
stretch (to) out, ba-ga’-da.
I stretched out, pa’-ca-da.
you stretched out, shpa’-cga-da.
we stretched out, 0®-ba’-ca-da i.
stretch (to) with the foot, no"-c¢a’-da.
I stretched with my foot, a-no™-

ca-da.

you stretched with your foot, tha-
no” -ca-da.

we stretched with our feet, o®-no®-
ga-da i.

stretch (to), as distend, thi-ci’-tha.
I stretched it, bthi-¢i-tha.
you stretched it, ni-gi-tha.
we stretched it, o®-thi-gi-tha i.
strew (to), u-ga’-bu-dse; (2) u-thi’-bu-
dse.
I strew flowers, xtha-¢ka u-bthi’-bu-
dse.
you strew flowers, xtha-¢ka u-shni’-
bu-dse.
we strew flowers, xtha-cka o*-gu’-
thi-bu-dsa i.
stride (to), ci-thu-ce stse-dse.
stride (to take rapid strides), hi’-
shno®-shno®.
I took rapid strides, hi’-shno®-shno®
a-tha.
you took rapid strides, hi’-shno?-
shno® tha-the.
we took rapid
shno® o®-tha i.
strife (a), ki-kin’-da-ge.
strike (to), ga-ba’-ts’i"; wa-ga’-xthi.
strike (to) with the arm, a’-i-tsi®.
I strike, u-wa-tsi*.
you strike, u-tha’-sti®.
strike (to) astunning blow, ga-¢a’-gi.
I struck a stunning blow, a’-¢a-gi.
you struck a stunning blow, tha’-¢a-
gi.
we struck a stunning blow, 0®-ga’-
ga-gi i.
string, ha-ho™ zhi®-ga.
striped (in parts), gthe-ca-¢a.

strides, hi’-shno®-

338

striped, gthe-ce’.
I have a striped dress, wa-tse’-gthe-
ge wi® a-bthi*.
you have a striped coat, a-ga-ha-mi
gthe-ce’ wi® a-ni.
striped wood, zho*-gthe’-ge-hiu (7'raz-
inus viridis).
stripped to the waist, tho-ka’-thi®.
stripping, no”’-ha-ga shto-e.
stroll (to), u-ba’-wi®-xe.
I like to stroll, u-ba’-wi"-xe o®-tha-
gthi.
strong, wa-shko”-gtho®-the.
he is a strong man, ni’-ka-shi-ga
wa-shko® to®-ga bi a.
strouding (red), ha’-zhu-dse.
struggle, wa-shko*.
we struggled hard, 0®-wo®’-shko" i ha.
strychnine, sho»’-ge i-ts’e-the.
strychnine is a poison, sho*’-ge i-ts’e-
the mo®-ko" pi-zhi.
stub (to) the toe, a’-ta-kshi*.
also stumble.)
I stubbed (my toe), a’-a-ta-kshi*.
you stubbed (your toe), a’-tha-ta-
kshi*.
we stubbed
kshi® i.
stubborn (to be), a’-ho-pshe.
he is very stubborn, a-ho’-pshe wa-
gthi® bi a.
stubby (as a bear’s tail) do™-ka.
study (to), i’-thi-gtho®.
I study, a’-wa-bthi-gtho>.
you study, a’-wa-shti-gtho".
we study, o2-tho™-thi-gtho® i.
stuff (to), u-ba’-cki.
I stuffed it, u-pa’-¢ki.
you stuffed it, u-shpa’-¢ki.
we stuffed it, o®-gu’-ba-¢ki i.
stumble (to), a’-ta-kshi®.
I stumbled, a’-a-ta-kshi*.
you stumbled, a’-tha-ta-kshi*.
we stumbled, o*’-ga-ta-kshi" i.
stumble and fall, hi’-pshe.
I stumbled and fell, hi’-pshe pa-xe.
you stumbled and fell, hi’-pshe shka-
xe.
we stumbled and fell, hi’-pshe o®-ga-
xa i.
stump, zho” u-dse.
stun (to) by a blow, ga-¢ca’-gi.
I stunned him, a’-¢a-gi.
you stunned him, tha’-¢a-gi.
we stunned him, 0*-ga’-ca-gi i.

(See

(our toes), o*’-ga-ta

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

stunned (to be), ga-ta’-kshi*.
I am stunned, a’-ta-kshi*.
you are stunned, tha’-ta-kshi*.
we are stunned, 0®-ga’-ta-kshi® i.
stung by a nettle, ha’-do-ga i-bi-¢ta.
stupendous, gtho»’-the.
stupid, gtho»’-thi*.
stutter (to), the’-ce u-ba-¢i-ge.
I stutter, the’-ce u-ba-ci-ge.
you stutter, the’-ce u-thi-ba-ci-ge.
subside, a’-tha-xi*.
substitute, e’-zhi u-gi-no® zhi® kshi-
the.
suburb, to” -wo” ko®-ha kshe.
I live in the suburb, to®’-wo® ko®-ha
kshe dsi a-ti ha.
succeed (to), u-gi’-no®-zhi*.
I succeed, u-wa’-gi-no®-zhi*.
you succeed, u-tha’-gi-no®-zhi*.
we succeed, 0®-gu-gi’-no®-zhi® i.
I have succeeded, 0*-ha-go®.
you have succeeded, thi-ha-go®.
succession, u-ki’-thi-btha-btha.
succor, a-gi’-no®-zhi*.
succotash, wa-to™-¢i ho*-bthi*-ge u-
thu-ki-ho2.
I like succotash, wa-to”-¢i ho®-bthi®-
ge u-thu-ki-ho® 0"-tha-gthe.
sucker (fish), hu-i’-ha zhi"-ga.
suckling, ba-ce’-i”.
sudatory (to cause to perspire),
V-u-gthi® tsi.
sudden, a’-thi-do® hi e-go"; (2) tsi-
gthe’.
suddenly, ¢a-ba’-zhi.
sue (to), u-thi"-ge.
I sued him, u-bthi’-ge.
you sued him, u-stsi®’-ge.
we sued him, o®-gu’-thi®-ga i.
suffer (from hardship), wa-xpa’-thi®.
suffer (by humiliation), thi-zho’-zhi.
I suffer from being tired, o*-tho2-
pe-zhi.
sufficient, ga’-go™ no” shki-do® (which
see); (2) u-thu’-thi*-ga zhi.
suffocate (to), ni-o™ a-no*-¢ce.
you are suffocated, ni-o™
no"-¢e.
we are suffocated, ni-o™ wa-no®-¢a i.
sugar, zho”’-ni (which see).
give me some sugar, zho®-ni’ do-ba
0»-ki-o.
suicide, ts’e-ki-the.
suit, suitable, gi’-ga-sho*.
suitable, tho®-tse.’

a-thi-

LA FLESCHE]

suitor, mi-go”’-tha; (2) mi-thi’-gtho*.
sulk (to), xtho».
I went away in a sulk, a’-xtho" bthe.
You went away in a sulk, tha-xtho»
stse.
sulky rake, mo®-hi™ i-thi-xe.
sullen, u’-k’o® pi-zhi.
sulphur, mo ?-ko”-¢ci.
sumac, mo” -bi-dse (which see).
summer, do-ge’.
I went home in the summer, do-ge’
a-dsi a-gthe ha.
summit (top of a hill), a’-thi™ pa-ci.
summon (to), gi-bo".
I was summoned, 02-bo" i ha.
you are summoned, thi-bo” i ha.
sun, mi; (2) wa-ko®’-da ho®-ba do®.
the sun is hot, mi tho da-ka-dse.
sunbeam, mi’ da-stsu-dse.
sunburn, mi’ i-da ¢a-be.
I sunburn, mi tho" o*-tho" da-ga-be
ha.
you sunburn, mi tho" da-ka-de i-the
da-ca-be ha.
Sunday, Ho’-ba Wa-ko”-da-gi; (2)
O»-ba-wa-ko®-da-gi.
we go to church on Sunday, Wi-gi-e
tsi tse o®-ga-hi no® bi a, O-ba-
wa-ko"-da-gi tse dsi.
sunder (to), thi-ki’-tha ha.
sundown, mi -a-po-ga.
sunflower, mi-to-o-xthe.
Sunflower Creek, Kans., Xtha-gi ga-xa
zhi®-ga.
sunless, mi thi®-ge.
sun perch, ho-zhu’-dse.
sunrise, mi’-i-tho™-be.
sunset, mi u’-xpe; mi’-hi-the.
at sunset, mi-hi-the do.
sunshine (after rain), ni-zhiu’ gi-k’o".
sunstroke, mo®-stse u’-thi-ge.
he had a sunstroke, mo®-stse u’-thu-
thir-ge.
superabundance, da-do® u-tsi; (2) da’
do® a-gthi-ha u-tsi.
we had a superabundance of rain,
a-gthi" ha wa-ni-zhiu bia.
superb, wax-ka’-da-zhi.
superannuate, no®-wa -gthi*.
supper, pa’-ce wa-no*-bthe.
supplication, wa-ko™-da wa-gi-da.
suppose (to), e’-gi-bthe.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

339

suppose that, a’-zhi®.
I suppose, a’zha-mi.
you suppose, a’-zha-zhi®.
suppurate, xthi.
sure, wi -ke.
I am sure, wi®’-a-ke ha.
you are sure, wi®’-tha-ke ha.
we are sure, wi?’-o"-kai.
surgical operation, pa’-da-bi.
I had a surgical operation, o® pa-da
i ha.
surprise, no’ -xe ga-ci.
surprise (to), da’-ce-the.
IT am surprised, da’-ce-o"-tha i ha.
You are surprised, da’-ce-thi-tha i ha.
surreptitious, no®-xtho”™ -ha-ga-xe.
surround (to), as an enemy, u-thi’-
shi®-gthe.
surround (to), xthi’-bi.
surround (to), as to cut off retreat,
a -no®-¢ca.
I surround, a’-a-no*-¢e.
you surround, a’-tha-no®-¢e.
we suround, o®’-ga-no®-¢a i.
surroundings, ko*’-ha-ha kshe.
surveyor, mo®-zho™ i-k’u-tse.
I paid the surveyor, mo®-zho’ i-k’u-
tse the a-gi-shi-be i" do.
suspender, i’-ki-thi-do*.
I broke my suspender, i’-ki-thi-do®
a-gi-pi-ce ha.
suspense (to be in), wa-ha’-gi-the.
I was in suspense, wa-ha’-a-gi-the tho.
you were in suspense, thi’-ha-gi-the.
we are in suspense, wa-ha’-o?-gi-tha i.
swallow (a bird), ki-gthu’-ni-ka; (2)
ni-shku’-shku.
swallow-tailed kite, i2’-be-zha-ta.
swallow (to), hni.
I swallow, btha’-hni.
you swallow, sta’-hni.
swamp (a), ni-mo™-shki’-shki-ge.
swampy, same as swamp.
swarm, bo’-bthi.
swarm (as begs), a’-ki-k’e.
swarms, kia’-hi-hi-the.
swarthy, xi2-ha sha-be (which see).
sway, ga-gi’-gi-dse.
sway (as a leaf in water), ga-mi’-mi-
tha.
sweat (to), ba-xi’-dse.
I sweat, 0®’-ba-xi-dse.

340

sweat (to).—continued.
you sweat, thi’-ba-xi-dse.
we sweat, wa’-ba-xi-dsa i.
sweat (to), u-da’-bthi.
I sweat, 0®-wo”-da-bthi.
you sweat, u-thi-da-bthi.
we sweat, u-wa’-da-bthi i.
sweep (to), ga-dsi’-ce.
I swept away pieces of wood, a’dsi-ce.
you swept away pieces of wood,
tha’-dsi-c¢e.
we swept away
o®-ga‘-dsi-¢a i.
sweep aside, a’-ki-dsi-ce.
sweep with a broom, ga-dsu’-xe.
I sweep, a’-dsu-xe.
you sweep, tha’-dsu-xe.
we sweep, 0°-ga-dsu-xa i.
sweepstake, gi’-zhu.
I took the sweepstakes, wa-gi’ zhu tse
ca-ni bthi-the i do.
sweet, cki’-the.
the coffee is too sweet, mo"-ko™ ¢a-be
tse ¢cki-the wa-gthi*.
sweetbreads, u-gthi™-ta-xe.
you like sweetbreads, u-gthi*’-ta-xe
thi-cu.
sweet clover, pe-zhe btho*-tha-gthi*.
sweet clover has a white flower,
pe-zhe btho®-tha-gthit a-ba xtha
¢co"-ho® no” bi a.
sweet corn, u’-ho” ¢a-gi.
sweet corn is good to eat, u’-ho
ca-gi a-ba tha tse tha-gthi™ no”
bi a.
sweet milk, ba-ce’-ni ¢ki-the.
sweet pickles, ko-ko’-ma ¢ki-the.
sweetish, gki’-the e-go*.
sweet potato, do’-stse-dse.
swell (to), thi-ci-tha.

pieces of wood,

tabernacle, wa-ko"-da tsi.
I went into the tabernacle, wa-ko”’-da
tsi tse dsi pi.
table, a’-wa-no®-bthe.
place the chairs at the table, a’-wa-
no®-bthe tse dsi a-gthi>-ge i-tse-
tha i-a he.
taboo, wa-gtha-ge.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

swept, ga-dsu’-xe.
I swept the house, tsi tse a-dsu’-xe.
swim, hi-tha’.
swim (to), ni’-mo".
I swim, a-ni’-mo".
you swim, tha-ni’-mo*.
we swim, 0®-ni’-mo? i.
let us swim, 0" i’-mo® ta bi.
swindle (to), mo"-xe’-the.
he swindled me, mo”’-xe o0®-tha i ha.
swindler (a), wa-mo” -xe-the-shto®.
swollen, i’-ba.
my foot is swollen, ci ta o®-tho®-ba.
my hand is swollen, sha-ge te o®-
tho®-ba.
swoon (to), ts’e.
I swooned, a’-ts’e.
you swooned, tha’-ts’e.
we swooned, 0-ts’a i.
sword, a’-ki-da mo®-hi®; (2) mo*-hi"
to™-ga.
sycamore (Platanus occidentalis),
zho® go® hi.
swift, k’o” ¢a-gi.
I am swift, a-k’o" ga-gi.
swift runner, wa-to’-ge.
swiftly (as applied to a runner), k’o™
ga-gi.
I could run swiftly, a-k’o"-¢a-gi.
you can run swiftly, tha-k’o"-¢a-gi,
we can run swiftly, 0®-k’o"-ca-gi i.
symbol, wa-we’-ga-cko"-the.
symbolize, wa-we’-ga-cko-the.
symbolize (to), i-tse-a’-the i da.
syringe, i*-gthe u’-the-k’e.
sympathy (to have), wa-tha’-k’e-the.
I have sympathy for her, wa-k’u
thit-ke tha-k’e a-tha.
my sympathy is for the man who
suffers, ni’-ka-shi-ga thi"-ke tha-
k’e’ a-the.

taciturn, i’-a-zhi wa-gthi"; (2) u’wi-a-

zhi.
he is very taciturn, u’-wi-a-zhi wa-
gthi" bi a.

tacks, u-mi’-zhe u-thu-ga-do".
tacks, brass, ko”’-ci.
tadpole, ho-pa’-ni-dse.

tail, ci’-dse.

LA FLESCHE]

tail (bird’s), it-be; 02-be.
tail (deer’s), ta ¢i2-dse.
tail (horse’s), ka’-wa git-dse.
take (to), thu-ce’.
I take, bthu’-ce.
you take, ni‘-ce.
take (to) something home, a-thi®

gthe.

1 took something home, a-bthi
a-gthe.

you took something home, a-ni’-tha-
gthe.

we took something home, o”-ga’-

thi® 0®-ga-gtha i.
take (to) a husband, a’-thu-xe.
take (to) back to an owner, i-tha’-
thi"-the.
I took his horse back to him, ka’-wa
to® i-tha’-bthi*-bthe ha.
take (to) something away, a-thi*’-
the.
I took it away, a-bthi»’-bthe.
you took it away, a-ni-stse.
we took it away, o®-ga’-thi® o*-ga-
tha i.
take (to) by the throat, do’-dse
u-thi®-ge.
I took him by the throat, do’-dse
u-bthi*-ge.
you took him by the throat, do’-dse
utsi®-ge.
we took him by the throat, do’-dse
o*-gu-thi®-ga i.
talisman, wa-xo’-be.
talk rapidly, i’-e-wa-to-ga.
you talk rapidly, i’-e-wa-thi to-ga.
talkative, i’-e-shto".
tall (as the height of man), stse-dse’.
tall (as the height of a mountain),
ba-xu’-stse-dse.
tallow, tse-cka’ we-gthi (which see);
(2) we’-thi ¢a-gi (which see).
talons, wa-zhi"’-ga sha-ge; (2) sha’-ge.
tambourine, tse’-xe-ni-zhi*-ga.
tame (to), thi-wa’-shta-ge.
I tamed the horse,
bthi-wa-shta-ge.
you tamed the horse, ka’-wa the
to® stsi-wa-shta-ge.
we tamed the horse, ka’-wa the to®
o®-thi-wa-shta-ga i.
tan (by smoking), da’-ci-hi (which
see).

ka’-wa_ to»

OSAGE DICTIONARY

341

tan (to) skins, to”’-the.
I am tanning the skin, wa-ha to®-a/-
the mi kshe o.

you are tanning the skin, wa-ha
to"-tha’-the ni kshe o.
tangle, i’-ki-thi.
tangle in a rope, a’-ki-pe-to®.
tangled, i’-thi-¢ki-¢ki.
my hair is tangled, pa-xi® tho»

o®-tho™ thi-cki-¢ki.
tangled mass, thi-bthi*’-bthi*-tha.
tankard, ni’ i-tha-to®.
tarantula, tse’-xu-be hiu stse-e.
the bite of a tarantula is poison,
tse’-xu-be hiu stse-e a-ba wa-tha-
xta ge te mo®-ko® pi-a-zhi bi a.
tardy, o’-ko® a-zhi.
I was tardy, o’-ko™ mo®-zhi i® da.
you are tardy, o’-ko™ ni-a-zhi i® da.
target, wa-ho’-to®-the i-k’u-tse.
I hit the target, wa-ho’-to®-the
i-k’u-tse u-cko"-¢ka a-o.
tarry, e’-pa-¢e.
tart, ts’o-xe.
the apple is tart, she tho” ts’o-xe ha.
tassel, wa-hiu’ ga-stse.
tasted, tha-cta’-be.
I tasted it, btha’-¢ta-be.
you tasted it, stsa’-¢ta-be.
we tasted it, o®-tha’-cta-ba i.
tatters, btha-btha’-ce.
he was in tatters, we-ki-gthi-wi® ge
btha-btha-ce.
tattle (to), i’-e ki-pa-xtha-dse.
tattoo, xthe-xthe.
taut, we’-thi"-thi-do°.
pulled taut, i’-thi-do?.
the rope is pulled taut, we’-thi® ke
thi-do® bi a.
tea, pe’-zhe mo"-ko® ¢a-e.
I drink tea, pe’-zhe mo®-ko"™ ¢a-e
btha-to®.
you drink tea, pe’-zhe mo®-ko® ¢a-e
shta-to®.
we drink tea, pe’-zhe mo®-ko® ga-e
o®-tho®-to® i,
teach (to), wa-go"’-¢e.
I teach, wa-po”’-ce.
you teach, wa-shko*’-¢e.
we teach, 02-wo"-go*-¢a i.
teach, wa-shko”’-¢e.
I teach, a-kchi’-mo*-¢e.

342

teacher, wa-go”’-ce.
school-teacher, ta’-pu-¢ka.
I like my school-teacher, ta’-pu-¢ka
wi-ta u-xta a-gi-the.
teal (duck), mi’-xa zhi®-ga xo-dse.
teamster, wa-thi-to™ ka-wa ga-zhi®.
tear (to), no®-btha’-ce.
tear (to) paper or cloth, thi-btha’-ce.
I tore the cloth, ha-cka tho® bthi-
btha-ce.
you tore the cloth, ha-¢ka tho® stsi-
btha-ce.
tear (to) down a house, thu-ta’-the.
I tore down the house, tsi tse
bthi-ta-the.
you tore down the house, tsi tse
ni-ta‘-the.
tear (to) into shreds, thi-stse’-stse-ge.
tear (to) open by heat, da’-btha-ce.
tear (to) to pieces, thi-shpa’-shpa.
I tore (it) to pieces, bthi’-shpa-shpa.
you tore (it) to pieces, ni’-shpa-shpa.
we tore (it) to pieces, o®-thi’-shpa-
shpa i.
tear (to) down a fence, a’-ba-ta-ga-
ta-the.
I tore down the fence, a’-ba-ta a-ta-
the.
you tore down the fence, a’-ba-ta
tha-ta-the.
we tore down the fence, a’-ba-ta
o®-ga-ta tha i.
tears from crying, i®-shta’-bthi.
teat, bace’-pa.
tedious, i’-ga-cki-ge; (2) ga-cki-ge.
it is very tedious, i’-ga-¢ki-ge wa-tha
i ha.
telegraph, mo”’-ce k’o®-¢a-gi.
telegraph wire, mo”-ce u-tha-ge.
telephone, mo”’-ce u-ki-ki-e.
telescope, we’-do"-be.
tell (to) a story or fable, u’-tha-ge.
I tell a story, u’-tha-ge wi" u-btha-ge.

you tell a story, u’-tha-ge wi®
u-sta-ge.

we told a story, u-tha-ge wi® 0®-gu’-
tha-ga i.

tell (to) a falsehood, i’-xo-be.
I told a falsehood, o®-tho®-xo-be
mo®-zhi.
you told a falsehood, i-thi-xo-be.
temper (a fiery), no®’-dse a-shka.
temperament, u’-shko®.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

tempest, ta-dse’ gtho*-the.

temples (at side of the head), tha-
no*”’-he,

ten, gthe’-btho?.

ten apples, she gthe’-btho*.

ten each, gthe’-btho"® tho"-tho®.

ten spot (in deck of cards), gthe-
btho® a-zhi.

ten times, gthe’-bthi® o*.

tenacious, wa-tse’-xi.

tenancy, mo®-zho”™ u-gthi*.

tenant, mo®-zho™ u-gthi® thi*-ke.

the tenant moved away, mo®-zho”
u-gthi® a-ka wa-hio® bi tse.

tend (to), u-wi’-ga-sho".

I tend, u-we’-ga-sho®.

you tend, u-the’-ga-sho*.

tend (to) a child, a’-ki-hi-de.

I tended the child, a’-a-ki-hi-de.

you tended the child, a’-tha-ki-hi-de.

we tended the child, 0®’-ga-ki-hi-da i.

tender (to make tender by boiling),
da’-xthi-be ga-xe.

I made it tender, da’-xthi-be pa-xe.

you made it tender, da’-xthi-be
shka-xe.

we made it tender, da’-xthi-be o*-
ga-xa 1.

tender meat, ta tho” wa’ ts’e-ga.
tenderloin u-xthe’-xthe-ga; (2) no*’-
ka-ko®,

I like to eat the tenderloin, u-xthe’-
xthe-ga ke tha-tse o*-tha-gthi®
no® a-tha.

tenderness, tha-k’e’-the.

tendon of Achilles, i’-no"-do®.

tent of canvas, ha-cka i’-tsi.

tent of skin, tsi’-ha i-tsi.

tent sitting upright,
gthe.

a conical tent, tsi’-bo-xa.

I saw a man put up a conical tent,
ni’-ka-shi-ga tsi’-bo-xa thi mo®-
gthe a-ka wa-to®-be ha.

tenth, we’-gthe-btho® (which see).
tepid, shta’-ge.

the water is tepid, ni te shta’-ge ha.

terminal, u-ho-ge tse.
terrace, mo”-ha u-wa-ki-ho*.
terrapin, ke.

a very large terrapin, ke thi®-ke
gtho® the o.

terrible, no*’-pe-wa-the.

tsi’-thu-to®-

LA FLESCHE]

terrify (to), wa-no™’-pe ga-xe.
I terrified him, ni’-ka-shi-ga thi2-ke
Wa-no"-pe pa-xe.
you terrified me, wa-no®-pe o®-shka-
xe 0.
we terrified him, ni’-ka-shi-ga thi-ke
Wa-no"-pe 0"-ga-xa 1.
test, i’-ga-cko®-the.

I tested the horse, ka’-wa to® i-tha-

ga-¢cko"-bthe ha.

you tested the rope, we’-thit kshe

i-tha’-ga-¢ko"-bthe ha.
testicle, sho®-dse-cu.
testimony, o-gtha’-ge.

I gave poor testimony, wa-we-ba-ho®

o-gtha’ ge tse ho®-zhi pa-xe.
tether (to), u-ga’-shke.
tether a horse, ka’-wa u-ga-shke-gtho®.
textile, wa’-co-dse.
thank (to), tha-ho.

I thanked him, btha’-ho*.

you thanked him, shta’-ho.
thankful, we’-hno*.

I am thankful, we’-a-hno?.
thankfulness, u’-we-hno*.
thankless, we’-ki-shno® thi®-ge.
Thanksgiving Day, Ciu’-ka tha-tse

ho®-ba (which see).
that, e; (2) ga.
thaw, xpo®.

I thawed out, bthi-xpo*.

you thawed out, ni’-xpo?.

we thawed out, 02-thi’-xpo? i.
the (definite article), ge; (2) no*.
theater, u’-wa-do"-be.

I like to go to the theater, u’-wa-do®-

be the o®-cu.
thee, thi-e.
thence (from that place), e-dsi’-to®.
thenceforth, e-dsi’ to" the-the.
therapeutics, we’-stse-the.
there, dsi; (2) kshe-dsi.

there where lies the forest, u-xtha’-be

kshe-dsi.

go there, e-dsi mon®-thi.
there (that one), the.
there is, a’-tha.
therefore, e-do™.
these, ga’-ge.
thick, sho-ga’.

your hair is thick, pa-hi® thi-ta a-ki

sho-ga.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

343

thicket, u-xtha’-be.
I hid in the thicket, u-xtha’-be ke tsi
i-tha ki-no®-xthe.
thief (a), wa-mo*’-tho®-shto".
I caught the thief, wa-mo"’-tho»-
shto® the u-bthi-ge.
thigh, ¢i-cu’; (2) zhe-ga’-u-to®-ga.
thimble, sha’-ge u-gtho®.
I want a thimble, sha’-ge u-gtho®
wi" ko®-btha.
thin (as a thin person), xtha’ zhi-ga.
thin (as to boards), bthe’-ka; (2)
ga-gi zhi®-ga.
think (to), a’zhi2.
I think, a’-zhi™ mi.
you think, a-zha-zhi.
think (to), study, i’-thi-gtho*.
let me think, hi®-da i’-bthi-gtho®
te ha.
I think, a’-wa-bthi-gtho:.
you think, a’-wa-shti-gtho?.
we think, 0*-tho”-thi-gthon i.
think (to) well of, do®-he’ a-zhi*.
I think well of him, do®-he’ a-a-zhi*.
you think well of him, do®-he’ a-tha-
zhi2.
third, we’-tha-bthi* (which see).
third time, we’-tha-bthi2-o*.
thirsty, i’-bi-ci.
I am thirsty, o*-tho®’-bi-¢e.
you are thirsty, i’-thi-bi-¢e.
we are thirsty, we-a’-bi-ca i.
thirteen, a-gthi’-tha-bthi*.
thirteen horses, ka’-wa a-gthi’-tha-
bthis.
thirteen chickens, giu-ka a-gthi’-tha-
bthit.
thirty, gthe’-btho® tha-bthi?.
thirty ducks, mi-xa zhi®-ga gthe-
btho® tha-bthi-.
thirty persons, ni’-ka-shi-ga gthe-
btho® tha-bthi*.
thirty snakes, we-ts’a gthe-btho®
tha-bthi*.
this, the.
this (refers to something lying
down), the’-kshe.
this log, zho" the’-kshe.
this much, the’-no?.
this side, du-da’-thi-sho?.
thitherward, e-ta’.
thoracic duct, thi’-u-thi-xthu-k’a.

344
thoracic u-thi’-ge
tse-xi.
thorn, wa-xa’-pa-hi.
the rose has thorns, xtha-gka a-ba
Wa-xa-pa-hi u-tsi bi a.
thorn apple, ta-¢po".
thoroughfare, u-zho"-ge.
street.)
though, tho”-zha.
thoughtless, wa-thi’-gtho" thi"-ge.
you are very thoughtless, wa-thi’-
gtho® wa-gthi® thi-thi*-ge ha.
thousand, zho’-ku-ge (which see).
thrash (to) with a whip, ga-ca’-
ca-be.
I thrashed him, a’-ga-ga-be.
you thrashed him, tha’ga-ga-be.
we thrashed him, o*®-ga’-cga-ca-ba i.
thrash (to), as drubbing, ga’-¢a-gi.
I gave him a thrashing, a’-ca-gi.
you gave him a thrashing, tha’-¢a-
gi.
we gave him a thrashing, o*-ga’-
ga-gi.
thrash (to), give a beating, u-tsi*.
I thrashed (beat) him, u-wa’-tsi®.
you thrashed (beat) him, u-tha’-
tsi®.
we thrashed (beat) him, o®-gu’-tsi i.
thread, ha’-we-a-¢ce.
give me some black thread, ha’-we-
a-ce ca-be he-be o®-ki a.
threadbare, bi-thi*’-ge.
my coat is threadbare, a-ga-ha mi
a-gi-pi this-ge xtsi mo® ha.
threat (a), ki™’-dage i-e.
threaten (to), ko-tha.
he threatened me, o*®-ko®-tha i-thi-
gtho" bia.
three, tha’-bthi".
threes (to deal three at a time),
tha’-bthi® no®-the.
thresh (to), wa-bo’-cke u-tsi*.
thresh (to) grain, wa-dsiu’-e e-ga-
zhi®.
thrill, tho"’-dse u-tha-¢o*.
throat (the), the’-shka; do’-dse.
I have a sore throat, do’-dse 0®-ni-e.
throb (to), ko®-bo-ci-¢i.
a heart throb, tho"-dse 0*-a-po-po-
ki.
throng, a’-mi-xe.
a great throng met him, ni’-ka-shi-ga
a-mi-xe xtsi a-ki-pa a-hi bi a.

vertebra, wa-

(See also

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL, luv

throw (to) away, o”’-tha.
I throw away, a-o®’-btha.
you throw away, tha-o*’-shta.
we throw away, 0°-0®-tha i.
throw (to) out sparks, da’-da-da-ce.
thrown (from a horse), u-ga’-xpa-the.
the girl was thrown from a horse,
shi-mi-zhi®-ga thi®-ke u-ga’-xpa-
tha bi a.
thrush (the spotted), ta-cka’ ¢ka.
thrust (to) in a hole with a finger,
thi’-zhi-dse.
I thrust my finger in, bthi’-zhi"-dse.
you thrust your finger in, ni’-zhi-

dse.
we thrust our fingers in, o*-thi-
zhis-dsa i.
thrust (to) an arm in a hole, u-ba’-
his.
I thrust my arm in a hole, u-pa’-
his.
you thrust your arm in a hole,
u-shpa’ -hi*.

we thrust our arms in the hole,
“o®-gu’-ba-hi® i.
thud (a sound from dropping), gs
ko’-ge.
thud (sound from striking),
ko’-ge.
I made a thud by striking, pa-po-ge.
you made a thud by striking, shpa-
ko’-ge.
thud (made by feet), no®-pu’-ki.
thumb, sha’-ge u-to"-ga tse.
my thumb is hurt, sha’-ge u-to®-ga
tse ni-e a-ki pa-xe.
thunder, gtho®-ho’-to™.
the thunder was loud, gtho®-ho’-to®
wa-gthi® bia.
Thursday, Ho*’-ba we-do-ba.
thus, ga.
thwart (to), thu-ts’a-ge ga-xe.
I thwarted (his plans), thu-ts’a-ge
pa-xe.
you thwarted (his plans) thu-ts’a-ge
shka-xe.
we thwarted (his plans), thu-ts’a-ge
o®-ga-xa i.
tick (bloodsucking fly),
shka (which see).
tickle (to), thi-k’i-tha.
I tickled the boy, shi®-to zhi®-ga to®
bthi-k’i-tha ha.

ba-

ta-gthe’-

LA FLESCHE]

tickle (to)—continued.
you tickled the boy, shi2-to zhi-ga
to® nik’i-tha.
we tickled the boy, shi®-to zhi®-ga
to® o2-thi-k’i-tha i.
tie (to) a knot, a’-ga-shke.
I tied a knot, a’-a-ga-shke.
you tied a knot, a’-tha-ga-shke.
tie (to) a bundle, ba’-xtse.
I tied a bundle, pa-xtse.
you tied a bundle, shka’-xtse.
we tied a bundle, 0-ba’-xtsa i.
tie (to), ga’-shke.
tie (to) with a cord, i’-ba-xtse.
I tied with a cord, we-thi® zhi»-ga
i-pa-xtse.
you tied with a cord, we-thi" zhi*-ga
i-shka-xtse.
we tied with a cord, we-thi® zhi®-ga
o®-tho®-ba-xtsa i. j
tie (to) with a rope, i’-ko®-to™.
I tied with a rope, i-tha’-ko-to®.
you tied with a rope, i’-tha-ko®-to™.
tie (to) with a string, ko™-to".
I tie, a’-ko®-to".
you tie, tha’-ko"-to®.
we tie, 0®-ko"-to® i.
tie (to) a tree, u-ga’-shke-gtho°.
I tied it to a tree, xtha-be tse-dsi
u-ga’-shke a-gtho?.
you tied it to a tree, xtha-be tse-dsi
u-ga’-shke-tha-gtho.
we tied it to a tree, xtha-be tse-dsi
u-ga’-shk-e-o®-gtho® i.
tight, u-thi’-dsi*-gthe.
my shoe is tight for my foot, 0®-wo®-
ki-tha-ta.
till (to), as the soil, u’-we-ga-xe.
I till, u’-we-pa-xe.
you till, u’-we-shka-xe.
we till, u’-we-0"-ga-xa i.
tilt to one side, ga-a’-thi-ko*.
time (at that time), ga’-thu-hi ke.
time (the present), the-go’-dse xtsi.
timid, xtha’-xtha; (2) u-ni’-zhi; no™-
pe.
the deer is timid, ta a-ba u-ni’-zhi"
no® bi a.
tine (of a horn), a’-thi-ku-sha.
tip (the), i-ta’-xe.
tip of the nose, pa-i’-ta-xe; pa’-pa-ci.
tip of the tongue, the’-¢e i-ta-xe,

OSAGE DICTIONARY

345

tipi, tsi’ bo-xe.

I saw a man put up a tipi, ni’-ka-
shi-ga wi" tsi-bo-xa thi mo®-gthe
a-ka wa-to®-be ha.

tiptoe, ci pa’-mo”-gthe.
tiny, wa-ho’-stsa zhi®-ga.

I have a tiny stone, i’® wa-ho’-stsa
zhi®-ga wi? a-bthi2.

tired (to be), u-zhe’-tha.

I am tired, 0®-wo” -zhe-tha.

you are tired, u-thi’-zhe-tha.

we are tired, u-wa’-zhe-tha i.

tireless, ga-cki’-ga-zhe.
title to something, wa-we -ta.

I have a title to my land, mo-zho”

wi-ta wa-we-ta wa-gthe-ce o" i bia.
titter (to), i’-xa.
toad, ni-zhu’-a-xa-ga.

horned toad, ga-xtho’-e.

I found a horned toad, ga-xtho’-e
wi® i-tha-the ha.
you found a horned toad, ga-xtho’-
e wi" i’-tha-the.
we found a horned toad, ga-xtho’-e
wi® o®-tho® tha i.
tobacco (white man’s),
(which see).
tobacco pouch, no®-nw’-zhi-ha.
tobacconist, no®-ni’-hi we-thi-wi".
to-day, ho’-ba the.
toe, gi-pa’; (pl.) gi-pa’ u-ga-be.

big toe, ci-pa’ u-to®-ga.

second toe, gi-pa’ u-stse-dse tse.

middle toe, gi-pa’ u-stse-dse wa-ho’
k’a tse.

little toe, ci-pa’ wa-ho-k’a tse.

all the toes, ¢ci-pa’ u-zhi"-ga.

toenail, ci-pa’-ha.
together, e’-ki-tho"-ba.

they went together, zhu-ki-gthe a-tha

i-ha e-ki-tho®-ba xtsi.
token (a), u’-we-to”-i".
tomahawk, mo”’-hi"-cpe zhi®-ga.
tomb, wa-xe’.

Tomb of Washington, Tsi-go-a-bi
pa-ho*-gthe wa-xe’ thit-kshe.

tombstone, i*-bo-¢a.
to-morrow, ga-go™ i" do.

wait till to-morrow, ga-co™ thi" te
she-to® o®-tho"-pa ga-ha.

wait till to-morrow, then we will go,
ga-co®” thi te she-to® o*-tho"-a-
pa e-di hi o®-ga-the ta-te ha.

no®-ni -hi

346

tomtom, tse’-xe-ni.
tongues, the’-ce.
tongue-tied, the’-ce u-ba-ci-ge.
the boy is tongue-tied, shi*’-to zhir-
ga to" the’-ce u-ba-gi-ge.
tonsil, ta’-hiu-wa-shko®.
tonsillitis ta’-hiu-wa-shko” ni-e.
took (that which was one’s own),
gthu’-ce.
I took that which was mine, a-gthu’-
ce.
you took that which was your own,
tha-gthu’-ce.
we took that which was our own,
o®-gthu’-ca i.
tools, we’-ki-k’o" (which see).
tooth, or teeth, hi.
toothache, hi ni-e.
I have a toothache, hi-o™ ni-e.
you have a toothache, hi’-thi ni-e.
toothpick, hiu’-ga-sha-ge i-ba-gu-dse.
give me a toothpick, hiu’-ga-sha-ge
i-ba-gu-dse wi" a-k’i o.
top (a), ga-xo’-e.
I have a top, ga-xo’-e a-bthi® ha.
you have a top, ga-xo’-e wi® a-tsi®.
top (on the top), a’-ga-ha.
topmost, i-ta’-xe-tse.
the topmost branch, xtha-be i-ta’-xe.
the bird is on the topmost branch,
wa-zhi™-ga a-ka xtha-be i’-ta-xe
tse a-i-tho® bi a.
topple (to), xi’-tha.
the tree is ready to topple, zho® a-ka
xi-tha ta i-tse e-dsi a-hi a-ka ha.
torch, da’-ko" i-ga-xe; (2) da’-wi®-xe.
I saw the light of the torch, da’-ko®
i-ga-xe tse i-tha-the.
torn, thi-shpa’-shpa.
I tore it to pieces, bthi’-shpa-shpa.
you tore it to pieces, ni’-shpa-shpa.
we tore it to pieces, 0®-thi’-shpa-
shpa i.
torrent, niu’-ga-hi-tha.
tort, wa-we’-gtha-no®.
tortoise, (See terrapin.)
toss (to), (1) ga-ci’-ge;
i-the-the.
I toss, a’-ci-ge or i-the a-the ha.
you toss, tha’-gi-ge or i-the tha-the
ha.
we toss, 0®-ga’-ci-ga i or i-the 0®-thai.
total, ga-ni’.

(2) o-tha

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

touch (to) with the palm of the
hand, a’-bi-ta.
I touched it, a’-pi-ta.
you touched it, a’-shpi-ta.
we touched it, 0®’-ga-bi-ta i.
touch (to), as feeling, thi-to*.
I touched it, bthi-to™.
you touched it, stsi’-to*.
we touched it, 0®-thi’-to® i.
touchwood, zho"-tsi-k’a (which see).
tough, ¢a-gi’.
the meat is tough, ta tho® ca-gi’.
tow (to), thi-xu’-e.
I towed the boat, ba-dse’ ke bthi-
xu-e.
you towed the boat,
stsi-xu’-e.
we towed the boat, ba-dse’ ke 0®-thi-
xu-a i,
toward, e-ta’-thi-sho®; ta-ha.
toward the river, ni-kshe ta-ha.
you are going toward the house, tsi
tse ’ta-thi-sho® stse a-tho.
I go toward the village,
tho" e-ta’-thi-sho® bthe.
you go toward the village, to®-wo"
tho® e-ta’-thi-sho" ne ha.
we go toward the village, to™-wo"
tho e-ta’-thi-sho" oga the.
towhee (of the finch family), to-
xthi’-shka.
town, to”-wo®.
I am going to town, to” -wo® gi bthe.
you are going to town, to™-wo® gi

ba-dse’ ke

to®-wo"

stse.
we are going to town, to™-wo® gi
o®-ga-tha i.
track, ci-gthe’.
trade, as to exchange horses, i’-ki-ka
wi®.
I traded (a horse), i’-ki-ka-wi" a-the.
you traded (a horse), i’-ki-ka-wi"
tha-the.
we traded (a horse), i’-ki-ka-wi® 0°-
tha i.
trader, wa-thi’-wi®.
the trader brought blankets, wa-
thi>’-wit a-ka ha-xi® a-thi™ a-tsi
i ha.
tradition, u’-tha-ge.
trample (to), no®-¢ta’-ge.
I trampled it down, a’-no"-¢cta-ge.

LA FLESCHE]

trample (to)—continued.
you trampled it down, tha’-no®-cta-
ge.
we trampled it down, 0®-no” -cta-ga i.
tranquil, wa’-cpe.
all is tranquil, ga-ni wa’-cpe i.
translator, i’-e-wa-cka.
that man is a good translator, ni‘-ka-
shi-ga a-ka i-e-wa-¢ka tha-gthi"
bi a.
transmit, the’-the.
transplant (to), we’-da-zhi u-zhi.
I transplanted the tree, xtha-be tse
we’ -da-zhi u-wa-zhi ha.
trap (a), mi-ka’ u-thu-thi»-ge.
trash, da’-do® pi-zhi.
travel (to), wa-mo”-thi®.
I like to travel, wa-mo™-thi® a-cu
no® a-tha.
travel for pleasure, u-ba’-wi?-xe.
I travel for pleasure, u-pa’-wi®-xe.

you travel for pleasure, u-shpa’-
wi?-xe.

we travel for pleasure, o®-gu’-ba-
wi®-xa i.

travel leisurely, wa-stse’-ho".
I travel leisurely, wa-stse’-ho™ xtsi
mo®-bthi".
you travel leisurely,
xtsi mo®-ni.
tray (wooden), hi*’-dse-pe.
tread upon, a’-to™.
T tread upon it, a’-a-to”.
you tread upon it, a-tha-to®.
we tread upon it, 0®-ga’-to? i.
tread down with the foot, no®-sha’-
tha-ge.
treasurer, mo” -ce-cka a-do"-be.
treatment (medical), wa-stse’-the.
tree, zhor. 6
a tree fell on me, zho” 0"-ga-¢gpe.
a tree fell on you, zho™ a-thi-ga-cpe.
I pushed him against the tree, zho”
a’-pa-co”-dse.
tree top, pa-ci’; zho® i’-ta-xe.
tremble (to), ¢o®-co™; (2) thi-bthu’-
bthu-xe.
T tremble, a-co*’-go®.
you tremble, tha-go*’-co.
we tremble, 0°-¢o*’-¢o? i.
(2) I tremble with fear, zhu-i-ga
bthi bthu-bthu-xe wa-no®-a-pe.
you tremble with fear, zhu-i-ga ni-
bthu-bthu-xe wa-no?-pe.

67025 —-32 ——23

wa-stse’-ho®

OSAGE DICTIONARY

347

tremble (to)—continued.
we tremble with fear, zhu-i-ga o®-thi-
bthu-bthu-xa i wa-no”-pe.
trey (three spot in deck of cards),
o-¢do a-zhi; (2) u-ctu-we’ a-zhi.
thrice (three times), tha’-bthi® o°.
trickery, u’-wa-mo®-xe-the.
trigger, mi*’-dse-ko?.

I pulled the trigger of the gun, wa-
hu’-to®-the mi®-dse-ko" tse bthi-
do” ha.

trim (to), a’-ga-cto".

I trim, a’-a-ga-cto*.

you trim, a’-tha-ga-cto®.

we trim, 0"-ga’-ga-cto" i.

trip (to), hi’-pshe.

I tripped him, hi’-pshe pa-xe ha.

you tripped me, hi’-pshe o®-shka-xe
ha.

we tripped him, hi’-pshe 0®-ga-xa i.

tripe, tse-ni’-xo®-xo".

I like tripe, tse-ni’-xo"-xo"® tha-tse
a-cu shna a-tha.

trot (to), as a horse, ce’-ga-ca.

trotter, ce’-ce-k’o"-¢a-gi (which see).

trousers, u-thu’-gi-no®-zhi".

trout, hu-i-ha to"-ga zhi-ga.

true, a-biu-ce; u’-thu-to®.

truly, a’-tha.

trump (in game of cards), mo®-a’-
do-we.

trunk (a), zho™’-ku-ge.

I have two new trunks, zho”’-ku-ge
tse-ga tho2-ba wa-bthi" mi*-kshe o.

trunk of a tree, hiu.
truth, e’-cka; wi2-ke.

speak the truth, wi-a’-ke.

I speak the truth, wi®-a’-kshe
a-tho.
you speak the truth, wi-tha’-ke.
Tuesday, Ho»’-ba we-tho®-ba.
tuft of feathers, pe’-btha-xe.
tug (to), as to pull with the hands,
thi’-do*.

I tugged hard, bthi’-do™ a-wa-shko®.

you tugged hard, ni’-do™ wa-tha-
shko».

we tugged hard, o®-thi’-do™ 0°-wa-
shko? i.

tumbler (drinking glass), i’»’-ko*-ba.

I broke the tumbler, i?*’-ko2-ba

a-xthe-ge ha.
tumult, k’o-k’o’-bi; (2) o’-ko"-di-the;
(3) u’-tsi-zhe ga-xe.

348

turbid, ni’-o sho-dse.
turbulent, u’-tsi-zhe ga-xe shto*.
turkey, ciu’-ka; (2) giu’-ka to®-ga.
(The female is formed by adding
mi®’-ga.)
turkey buzzard, he’-ga.
turkey cock, a’-hiu-mo?-thi".
young turkey, ciu’-ka to"-a zhi®-ga.
turn (to) with the foot, no™-ku-
wi"-xe.
I turned the log with my foot, zho”
ke a-no"-ku wi?-xe.
you turned the log with your foot,
zho® ke tha-no®-ku-wi"-xe.
we turned the log with our feet, zho”
ke 02-no®-ku-wi®-xa 1.
turn (to) by pushing, ‘ba-ku-wi"-xe.
I turned the table by pushing, a-wa-
no®-bthe tho® pa-ku-wi?-xe.
you turned the table by pushing,
a-wa-no®-bthe tho® shpa-ku-wi®-
xe.
we turned the table by pushing, a-wa-
no®-bthe tho® 0®-ba-ku-wi®-xa i.
turn (to) over, thi-co™-tha.
I turned over, bthi’-co®-tha.
you turned over, ni’-go®-tha.
we turned over, 0®-thi’-go"-tha i.
turn (to) by bending, ba-be’-ci".
I turned the edge by bending it,
pa’ -be-ci®.
turn (in a road), u-ba’-sho”.
turnip, do’-gthe to®-a.
turtle, ke.
turtle (little round), ke-da’-pa zhi?-
ga.
turtle (narrow-chested), ke-mo*-ge
u-bi-tho®-dse.

ugly, u-ta’-ca-zhi.
it is an ugly horse, ka’-wa u-ta-ga-zhi.
umbilicus, the’-ta-sho*.
umbrella, o-thi’-i-hni.
lend me your umbrella, o-thi’-i-hni
o®-wo® k’i a.
umpire, wa-wiu -do”-be.
the umpire is wrong, wa-wiu’-do®-be
wi®-ka zhi.
unable, thu-ts’a’-ga.
I am unable to go, bthe-ta-te bthu-
ts’a-ge.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

twelfth, we-a’-gthi® tho -ba (which
see).
twelve, a-gthi® tho®-ba.
I want twelve chickens, giu-ka zhi®-
ga a-gthi® tho*-ba wa-ko®-btha.
You want twelve chickens, giu-ka
zhi®-ga a-gthi® tho®-ba wa-shko®-
sda.
twenty, gthe’-btho" tho®-ba.
twenty-two, gthe’-btho” tho-ba ki-e-
di tho®-ba.
twenty-five cents, ga-shpa’ tho®-ba.
twice, tho" bi-o™.
twig, ga-xa wa-hu-stsa.
twine, ha-ho™ zhi*-ga; (2) we’-ba-xtse.
I tied it with twine, ha-ho™ zhi*-ga
i-tha-ko®-to™.
twins, tho"-ba’-da. (See no™-ba’-da.)
twiner (as a vine or poison ivy), wa’-
be-bthi® hi.
twist (to), thi-be’-bthi*.
I twist, bthi’-be-bthi*.
you twist, ni’-be-bthi*.
we twist, 0®-thi’-be-bthi* i.
twist (to) the foot, thi-bthi*’-tha.
I twisted my foot, a-no™-bthi®-tha.
you twisted your foot, tha-no™ -bthi®-
tha.
twisted shape, thi-bthi*’-bthi"-tha.
twisting, u-thu’-be-bthi*.
two, tho"-ba’.
two in succession, tho®-ba’-tho®-tho*.
two by two, tho®-ba’ no®-the.
two dollars, btho’-ga tho®-ba.
typewriter, mo” -ce ta-ta-ce.
I have a new typewriter, mo®-¢ce
ta-ta-ce tse-ga wi? a-bthi*.
typewriter (one who operates a
machine), wa-gthe’-ce-ta-ta-¢ce.
>

unable—continued.
you are unable to go, ne’-ta-te ni-
ts’a-ge a tho.
we are unable to go, o"-ga-the o"-thu-
ts’a-ga bia tho.
unaccommodating,
a-zhi.
you are unaccommodating, da’-e tha-
gthi® ni-a-zhi.
unanimous, ¢a-ni’ i-shto”.
unawares, da’-ce.
I took the man
thi» da’-ce a-the.

da’-e tha-gthi®

unawares, ni’-ka

LA FLESCHE]

unawares—continued.
you took the man unawares, ni’-ka
thi da-ge tha-the.
we took the man unawares, ni’-ka
this da-ce o®-tha i.
unbraid, thi-gtha‘-tha.
I unbraid, pa-xi® bthi-gtha’-tha.
you unbraid, pa-xi" tho® ni-gtha’-tha.
unburden, wa-k’i® i-ts’e-the (which
see).
unceasing (without stopping), sho’-
sho®-e.
go without stopping, sho®’-sho® mo»-
thi® o.
uncertain, ho™-tse wa-ha-gi-the.
Tam uncertain, 0”’-ha-gi-the.
you are uncertain, thi’-ha-gi-the.
uncertainty, wa-ha’-gi-the.
uncharitable, wa-tha’-k’e-tha-zhi; wa-
xthi’:
he is very uncharitable,
wa-gthi® bi a.
uncle (on mother’s side), i-dse’-gi.
unclean, wa-ci’-hi a-zhi.
unclothe (to), ki-gthi’-sha.
I unclothed him, a-ki’-gthi-sha.
you unclothed him, tha-ki’-gthi-sha.
we unclothed him o®-ki’-gthi-sha i.
unconcerned, a’-do®-ba zhi.
IT am unconcerned, a’-to®-ba mo®-zhi.
you are unconcerned, a’-shto®-ba zhi.
unconquerable, be’-ga-xa zhi.
unconscious (from a fall), ga-ts’e.
I was made unconscious, 0®-xi’-tha
go® o®~a-ts’e ha.
you were unconscious, no®-xe’ thi-¢ka
zhi ha.
uncooked, ¢a’-ka.
the meat is uncooked, ta tho" ¢a-ka
dsiu-dsa zhi.
uncover (to), thi-a’-ce.
I uncovered the box,
tse bthi-a-ce ha.
you uncovered the box, zho»’-ku-ge
tse ni-a-ce ha.
we uncovered the box, zho»’-ku-ge
tse 0®-thi’-a-¢a i.
undecided, ho*’-ta-tse gi-wa-tse-xi.
I am undecided, ho*’-ta-tse o2-wo2-
tse-xi ha.
you are undecided, ho™-ta-tse thi-
wa-tse-xi ha.

wa-xthi’

zho -ku-ge

OSAGE DICTIONARY

349

underhanded, no®-xtho™-ha.

I am underhanded, no®-xtho»’-ha
u-wa-ki-e.

you are underhanded, no®-xtho»’-ha
u-tha-ki-e.

underneath, u-thu’-xthu-ha.

I found it underneath the house,
tsi tse u-thu’-xthu-ha ke-dsi i-tha-
the ha.

understand, thi’-u-pa-the.

T understand, 0®-wo"-pa-the.

we understand it, wo’-pa-tha i ha.

I understand it to mean me, a’-ki-
o®-pa-the.

to fail to understand, no”’-thi*.

I fail to understand, a’-no»-bthin.
you fail to understand, tha-no*’-ni.
we fail to understand, o®-no®-thi* i.

undesirable, be-go"-tha e-wa-tha-zhi;
(2) go»’-tha wa-tha-zhi.

the man is undesirable, ni’-ka-shi-ga
the be-go®-tha e-wa-tha-zhi.

undismayed, ki-xi’-tha-zhi.
undo (to), as a seam, thi-gno*’-tha.

I undid (the seam), bthi’-gno®-tha.

you undid (the seam), ni’-gno®-tha,

we undid (the seam), o®-thi’-gno®-
tha i.
undress (to), ki-gthi’-sha.

I undress, a-ki’-gthi-sha.

you undress, tha-ki’-gthi-sha.

we undress, 0®-ki’-gthi-sha i.

unearth (to), thi-wa’-to-i*.

unequal, u-ki’-xtha-xtha zhe.

unerring, u’-tho®-zhi e-go*.

unexpected (meeting), wa’-zho™-gi-
the.

unfailing, same as unerring.

unfaithful, gi’-wi®-ka zhi (which see).

unfavorable (impression), wa’-gtha-
ge.

ungenerous, wa-tse’-xi.

ungrateful, we’-ki-shno® thi"-ge.

unhappy, gi’-cu thi*-ge.

you look unhappy,

gi’-cu thir-ge xtsi
go™ ha.

uniform, gno™-gno® go™-¢e-go".

unimportant, gi-ha’-go®.

unique, e’-go" thi®-ge.

there is nothing like it in this land,
mo®-zho® the-ga-ha e-go® thi*-ge
a-tho.

u-do®-be te
ni-ke_ e-thi-

350

unite (to become as one), ki-gthi’-
win®-do®.
unkempt, he’-xpa.
the man is unkempt, ni’-ka a-ka he-
xpa bi a.
unkind, wa-tha’-k’e-tha-zhi.
the boy is unkind to his dog, nu
zhi®-ga a-ka sho®-ge a-thi®-bi thi»-
ke tha-k’e-tha ba-zhi i ha.
unlike, go®-ce’-go®-zhi.
the horses are unlike, ka’-wa a-ka
go"-ce’-go" a-zhi a-ka.
unprincipled, u’-shki-ga;
c¢pa-zhi.
an unprincipled man, ni‘-ka-shi-ga
a-ba u-shki-ga bi a.
unravel (to), thi-gtha’-tha; (2) gtha-
tha.
I unraveled it, bthi’-gtha-tha.
you unraveled it, ni’-gtha-tha.
unreliable, u-thu’-to® a-zhi.
he is unreliable, ni’-ka-shi-ga a-ba
she u-thu-to® ba-zhi i ha.
unripe, dsu’-da-zhi.
unruly, da’-e tha-gthi® a-zhi.
unruly (as a horse), u’-he-¢a-zhi.
an unruly horse, ka’-wa wa-tse-xi.
unseen, be’-i-tha-zhi.
unskilled (to be), go*-zhi®-ga; (2)
wa-go” zhi®-ga.
IT am unskilled, po’ zhi»-ga.
you are unskilled, shko™ zhi®-ga.
we are unskilled, 0®-go™’-zhi®-ga i.
untie, gtha’-tha.
to untie a knot, thu-shke’.
I untied the knot, bthu’-shke i* do.
you untied the knot, stiu’-shke i" do.
we untied the knot, 0®-thu’-shka i" do.
unusual, i’-ts’a-the.
unverified, u’-tha-ge-u-ga-xe thi*-ge.
unwilling, u’-thu-ts’a-ge.
I am unwilling, u-bthu’-ts’a-ge.
you are unwilling, u-ni’-ts’a-ge.
uphold (to), as in an argument,
u-thu’-ki.
I upheld him, u-thu’-wa-ki.
you upheld him, u-tha’-tha-ki.
we upheld him, 0®-tho®-gu-ki i.

(2) wa’-

vacancy, u-ko®.
vacant, u’-ki-ca.
the house is vacant, tsi
ki-ca.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

tse u’-

[BULL. 109

upper arm, a’-btho.
upright. (See honest.)

an upright man, ni’-ka-shi-ga u-thu’-
to” bi a.

uproar, u’-tsi-zhe.
upset with the foot, no®’-a-ki-gtha-
sho®.

I upset with my foot, a-no*®’-a-ki-
gtha-sho*.

you upset with your foot, tha-no*’-
a-ki-gtha-sho®.

We upset with our feet, 0°-no®’-a-ki-
gtha-sho® i.

Little brother has upset the bucket
of water, ka-zhi®-ga a-ka ne-xe niu-
zhi te no®’-a-ki-gtha-sho® i ha.

upside down, thi-ba’-ts’i>.

to turn upside down by pushing,

ba-ki’-gtha-sho.

I pushed it upside down, pa’-ki-
gtha-shor.

you pushed it upside down, shpa’-
ki-gtha-sho®,

we pushed it upside down, 0®-ba’-
ki-gtha-sho® i.

upstairs, a’-mo®-shi.
I went upstairs, a’-mo®-shi bthe ha.
you went upstairs, a’-mo®-shi ne ha.
we went upstairs, a’-mo®-shi o*-ga
tha i.
urethra, iu’-zhe.
urge (to), a-ga-zhi.

I urged, the a-a-ga-zhi ha.

you urged, the a-tha-ga-zhi ha.

urgent, u’-ko"-di-the.

it is very urgent, u’-ko®-di-the xtsi
o" i ha.

urinal, u-dse’-zhe.

urinate (to), tse’-zhe.

urine, tse’-zhe ni.

usage, e’-gi-o®-no®,

use (to) as to hire, wa-shi’.

useful, we’-ga-xe tho®-tse (which see).
useless, u’-ga-xe thi*ge.

usually, no*.

we usually go home in the evening,
pa’-ce hi-ki 0®-ga-gthe no” i ha.

vacate (to), u-ko™ ga-xe.
I vacate, u-ko™ pa-xe.
you vacate, u-ko™ shka-xe.
we vacate, u-ko™ 0®-ga-xa i.

LA FLESCHE]

vacation, gi-k’o"-ce ki-the.

I am going on a vacation, gi-k’o"-ce
a-ki-the bthe ta mi®-kshe o.

are you going on a vacation? gi-k’o"-
ge tha-ki-the stse ta tse a(?).

vaccinate, a’-mo®-ko® u-zhi.

I have been vaccinated,
kon 02-wo®-zhi bi a.

you were vaccinated,
u-thi-zhi bi a.

we were vaccinated,
u-wa-zhi bi a.

vagabond, mo®-zho” a-pshe.
vain, ki-hi™’-xa.

I am vain, a-ki’-hi2-xa.

you are vain, tha-ki’-hi2-xa.

we are vain, 0®-ki’-hi-xa, i.

vainglorious, u-zhu a’-ki-zhis.

vale, valley, u-k’u’-be.

valiant, wa-ci’-ci-ge.

valise, wa’-ga-a-cka.

valorous, wa-ci’-ci-ge; (2)
shi-ge.

a valorous man, ni’-ka wa-ci-ci-ge.

value highly, gi’-wa-xthi.

I value highly my home,
o®-wa-xthi ha.

you value your home, tsi‘-tse thi-
wa-xthi.

we value our home, tsi’-tse wa-wa-
xthi 1.

valuable, u’-xta; (2) 0o’-xta.

the land is valuable, mo®-zho™ tho®

o-xta.
valueless, 0’-ga-xe thi2-ge.
vanish (to), thi*-ge tsi-gthi.

I vanished, 0®-thi»’-ge tsi-gthe.

you vanished, thi-thi»’-ge tsi-gthe.

we vanished, wa-thi’-ga i tsi-gthe.

vanity, ki-hit’-xa.
variety, e’-zhi-no»-the.

a great variety, e’-zhi-no®-the xtsi.

I have a great variety of necklaces,
e’-zhi-no®-tha xtsi a-bthi® ha wa-
no#-p’i" tse.

varnish, we’-cta-the.
vaseline, ni-e’ i-gda-the.

give me some vaseline, ni-e’ i-gda-the
du-ba o02-ki o.

vaunt, ki-hi»’-xa.
veal, tse’-cka zhi"-ga ta (which see).
vegetables, mo®-hi™ to-ho.

I like vegetables, mo*-hi® to®-ho
tha-tse 0®-cu.

a’-mo®-
a’-mo2-ko2

a’-mo2~ko2

wa-ho’-

tsi’-tse

OSAGE DICTIONARY

351

vein, ko.

vein (of the hand), sha’-ge ko».

vein (through the heart), no*’-dse
kor.

vein (pulsating in the arm), a’-kon

bu-gi-gi.

velvet, ha’-bthe-ka sho-ga.

velvet (black), ha’-bthe-ka_ sho-ga
ca-be.

velvet (red), ha’-bthe-ka sho-ga zhu-
dse.

IT have a red velvet dress, ha’-bthe-ka
sho-ga zhu-dse wa-tse wi® a-bthi2
he.

velvet (white),
cka.
venison, ta’-ta-do-ka.

venison is good to eat, ta’-ta-do-ka
a-ba tha-tse tha-gthi® bi a.

ventilate, ta-dse u-pe ga-xe.

I ventilated, ta-dse u-pe pa-xe.

you ventilated, ta-dse u-pe shka-xe.

we ventilated, ta-dse u-pe 0*-ga-xa i.

Verdigris River, Okla., Wa-ce’-to®
xo-e.

verily, xtsi; (2) e-go".

vermilion, mo*-ha zhu-dse; (2) zhu’-
dse.

vertebra, no” -xa-hi u-ki-tse.

vertical, tho’-to®-bo-ga; (2) mo»’-gthe.

very, xtsi; wa-gthi*.

vessel, tse’-xe.

the vessel is full of water, tse’-xe tse
ni u-gi-pi.

vest, waistcoat, a’-ga-ha-pa.

I left my vest home, a’-ga-ha-pa a-gi

o*-btha a-tsi mi®-kshe o.
veterinary, ka’-wa-wa-ko*-da-gi.
vexation, gi’-ho" a-zhi.
vexatious, u-thu’-ts’a-ge.
via (by way of), e-ta’-thi-sho.

I went via the south, mo®-shte kshe
e-ta’-thi-sho” bthe ha.

vial, u’-zhi to-ho zhi*-ga.
vibrating, u-da’-bthu-bthu-e.
vice, u’-i-gtha-no®.

vicinity, ko®’-ha-ha kshe.
view (to), gi-do®’-be.

I view, to®-be ha.

you view, shto®-be ha.

I am looking at my land, mo®-zho”
tho® a-gi-to®-be ha.

you are looking at your land, mo*-
zho”™ tho® tha-gi-shto®-be ha.

ha’-bthe-ka sho-ga

352

view (to)—continued.
we have been looking at our land,
mo®-zho” tho" a-gi-to®’-be o®-ga-
hi i.
vigorous, ¢i’-ci-do®.
a vigorous man, ni’-ka ¢i’-gi-do® bi a.
vile, i’-ci-wa-the.
vilify (to), tha’-be-gi-the.
I vilify, btha’-be-gi-the.
you vilify, shna’-be-gi-the.
we vilify, o®-tha-be-gi-tha i.
village, to®-wo*.
I go toward the village, to"-wo® tho®
e-ta’-thi-sho" bthe.
you go toward the village, to®-wo®
tho® e-ta’-thi-sho® ni ha.
villain, ni’-ka-i-¢i wa-the.
I caught the villain, ni’-ka-shi-ga
i-gi wa-the-the o-bthi®-ge ha.
villainy, u’-i-gtha-no*.
vinegar, ni’-ts’a-the (which see).
vines (twining), we’-be-bthi® hi.
violate (to), wa’-ki-gtha-dse a-thi-ta.
violation of the law, a’-thu-tse.
I violate the law, a’-bthu-tse.
you violate the law, a’-ni-tse.
we violated the law, o*’-ga-thu-tsa i.
violence u’-xthi; (2) u’-he-¢ga-zhi.
violent, o’-ko®-di-the.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. 109

violets, xtha-¢cka tsu-hu.
violets grow in the spring, be do" u-i
no®-bi a xtha-¢ka tsu-hu a-ba.
violin, ba-gi’-dse.
you play the violin, ba-gi’-dse ke
spa’-gi-dse ha.
virgin, ga-co"™-ci; (2) wa’-thi-xa-zhi.
virtuous, u-tho’-to*.
viscera (the intestines), shi’-be.
visible, to™-i*.
visible (clearly), wa-to®-i*.
visitor, i’-ki-mo®-thi*.
I have a visitor, i‘-ki-mo®-thi® wi?
o*-ta-pe a-tsi bi a.
you have a visitor, i’-ki-mo®-thi® wi®
thi-ta-pe a-tsi bi a.
vista, u-ko"-gthe.
voice, hu.
I heard a man’s voice, ni’-ka wi" hu
a-no®-k’o® ha.
you heard my voice, hu o®-tha-no®-
k’o" ha.
volition, wa-zhi™.
voluntarily, e-wa’-zhi*.
vomit, gthe’-be.
I vomited, a-gthe’-be.
you vomited, tha-gthe’-be.
we vomited, o"-gthe’-ba i.
voracious, wa-no" -bthe to®-ga.
voting, mo™-sho®-u-thi®-ge.

WwW

wade (to), zhu’-pshe.
I wade, zhu’-a-pshe.
you wade, zhu-tha’-pshe.
wag (to), gi®’-dse u-thu-ga hi. (Re-
fers to the wagging of a dog’s tail.)
wager (a bet), u’-zhu-k’o",
I made a wager, u’-zhu-k’o" pa-xe.

you made a_ wager, u’-zhu-k’o"
shka-xe,

we made a wager, u’-zhu-k’o" 0"-ga-
xa 1.

wages, u-kshe’-to*.
wagon, u-thi’-to"-tha.
the wagon was blown over, u-thi'-
to®-tha ke ga-a-ki-gtha sho*,
wagon wheel, u-thu’-to"-tha tse-the.
I want oil for my wagon wheel,
u-thi’-to®-tha tse-the wi-ta we’-
¢ta-the a-gi-ko®-btha.
waist (the), thiu’-we.
waistline, ba’-xtse.

wait (to) for some one, i-tha’-pe.
I wait for some one, i-tha’-a-pe.
you wait for some one, i’-tha-tha-pe.
we wait for some one, 0*-tho®-a-gi-
pa i.
waiter (a), u’-ho® u-wa-wa-k’i.
waitress, wu -ho®-u-wa-wa-k’i wa-k’o.
walk (to), mo™-i”.
T walk, mo*’-bthi®.
I walked a short distance, a’-shka
xtsi mo®-bthi®.
you walked a short distance, a’-shka
xtsi mo®-ni.
we walked a short distance, a’-shka
xtsi o®-mo®-thi® i.
walk (to) in advance, u-thu’-shi ha
u-mo®-thi®.
walk (to) in a forest, u-ta’-no® u-
mo®-thi®,
walk (to) on, a’-pshe.

LA FLESCHE]

walk (to) side by side, ki®’-ca-ha
mo®-thi2,
let us walk side by side, ko*’-ca-ha
mo?®-thi® tse a-tho.
walking in the water, niu’-mo?-thi®.
I am walking in the water, niu’
mo®-bthi*.
you are walking in the water, niu’
mo?-ni.
we are walking in the water, niu’
o®-mo®-thi® i.
walking stick (a cane), i’-ca-gthe.
walkingstick (insect), tse’-ho-wa-i"-
ge (which see).
wallet, mo-ce-cka u-zhe.
I lost my wallet, mo*-ce-cka u-zhu
0®-wo?-xpa-the.
wallop (to), as a sudden beating,
ga’-ca-ca-be.
I walloped him, a’-ca-ca-be.
you walloped him, tha’-ca-ca-be.
we walloped him, 0’-ga-ca-ca-ba i.
walnut, ta’-ge.
black walnut, ta’-ge sha-e.

I have a_ black-walnut table,
ta’-ge-sha-e hi a-wa-no®-bthe wi®
a-bthi® ha.

walnut tree, ta’-ge hi.
Walnut Grove River, Okla., Ta’-ge
hi ba-tse.
wall (of a room), tsi-u’-ba-he.
wander (to), u-ba’-wi®-xe.
I wander, u-pa’-wi®-xe.
you wander, u-shpa’-wi"-xe.
we wander, 0°-gu-ba-wi®-xa i.
wane (to), as the moon, gi-k’a-be.
waning of the moon, mi’-0-ba
gi-k’a-be gi-the.
want (to), go™-tha.
I want, ko»’-btha.
You want, shko”-shta.
I want a horse, ka’-wa wi® ko-btha.
you want a horse, ka’-wa wi® shko®-
shta.
I do not want to go, bthe’-ko-btha
mo2-zhi.
you do not want to go, ne’-shko®-sda
zhi a.
we do not want to go, o®-ga’-the
o®-go®-tha ba-zhi i.
to want a person to do something,
gi -go"-tha.
war, do-do®.
I go to war, do-do® bthe.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

353

war—continued.
you go to war, do-do® stse.
we go to war, do-do™ o02-ga-tha i.
warbler (blue-winged bird), we’-
tse-ga.
war club, ke-xtha-tse.
warehouse, wa-to™ u-zhi.
warm (to be), shti’-de.
IT am warm, o*-shti’-de.
you are warm, thi-shti’-de.
wart, ho’-sha.
warty, ho-sha’ i-thi-cta.
wary, no” -xe-ga-ci.
wash (to), thu-zha.
{ wash, bthu’-zha.
you wash, ni-zha.
we wash, i®-thu-zha i.
wash (to) one’s face, gthu-zha.
wash (to) clothes, wa-thi’-shki.
I wash clothes, wa-bthi’-shki.
you wash clothes, wa-ni’-shki.
we wash clothes, 0®-wo”-thi-shki i.
wash (to) for another, gi-thi-zha.
let me wash your shirt, ha-cka tho®
i-wi-bthi-zha.
wash (to) for one’s self, ki-gthi’-zha.
I wash for myself, a’ ki’-gthi-zha.
you wash for yourself, tha-ki’-gthi-
zha.
we wash for ourselves, o®-ki’-gthi-
zha.
wash (to) and wring clothes, thi’-
shki.
I wash and wring the clothes, bthi’-
shki.
you wash and wring the clothes,
ni’-shki.
we wash and wring the clothes,
o®-thi’-shki i.
watch chain, miu’-tha-ge i-ko"-the.
my watch chain is long, miu’-tha-ge
i-ko®-the wi-ta stse-dse.
you have a gold watch chain,
mo*®’-ce-cka ci miu’-tha-ge i-ko-
the wi® a-ni ni-ke ha.
wash room, u -ki-gthi-zha tsi.
washtub, u-thi-shki.
give me a washtub, u’-thi-shki wi"
ko2-btha.
wasp, wa-ba -ci-ge.
a wasp stung me, wa-ba’-ci-ge wi?
o®-ba-ci-ga bi a.
wasp, long-legged, wa-ba’-ci-ge_hi-
stse-e.

354

wasp, red, wa-ba’-ci-ge zhu-dse.
wasp’s nest, wa-ba’-ci-ge tsi-he.
waste away, xtha a-thi’-hi.
wasteful, u-thi’-bu-dse; (2) wa-tho”-
dsu-shi.
I am wasteful, u-bthi’-bu-dse.
you are not wasteful, u-shni’-bu-dsa
zhi.
watch over some one, a’-gi-do"-be.
I watched over him, a’-to®-be.
you watched over him, a’-shto"-be.
we watched over him, 0”’-ga-to®-ba i.
water, ni.
cold water, ni hni.
water beetle, ho™-bthi" sha-be e’-go".
water hemlock (Cicuta maculata),
zho™ -xa-shto"-ga (which see).
water lily, ci®’-mo®-no?-ta.
watermelon, ca-kiu.
I like watermelon, ca-kiu tha-tse
o®-cu shna a-tha.
water moccasin (snake),
ni-gi.
water a horse, ka’-wa niu-ga-zhi".
waterfalls, ni’-xe.
watery, ni-gthu’-ce.
wavelets, ba-btha’-xe.
rolling waves, ni’-ga-btha-xe.
waxwing, ta-xpi’-a-ga-ha.
waylay, da’-ce-the.
I waylaid him, da’-ce-a-the.
you waylaid him, da’-ce-tha-the.
We, 0-gu’-e.

we’-ts’a

we speak to one another, o®-gu’
ki-ki-e.

weak (to be), o’-ka-wa-the; wa-shko™
thi>-ge.

you are weak, wa-shko® thi thi -ge.
weaken (to cause to), wa-he’-he ga-xe.
I weakened, wa-he’-he pa-xe.

you were weakened, wa-he’-he
shka-xe.
we were weakened, wa-he’-he
0°-ga-xa 1.

weakness, u -thu-ce thi®-ge.
wealth, wa-shi’-shi-to” (which see).
wealthy, mo”-ce-cka to®; (2) da’-do®
to*,

I am wealthy, da’-do® a-to".

you are wealthy, da’-do® tha-to*.

we are wealthy, da’-do® 02-to® i.
wean (to), weaned, ba-ce’ tha-shto.
weapon, zho”™ we-tsi®.

sharp weapons, wa-pa’-bi.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

(BULL. Lov

wear (to) earrings, u-i".
wear (to) clothing, i-tha’-ki-gthi®-i*.
wear (to) one’s own clothing,
a’-gtha-ha.
I wear my own clothes, a’-a-gtha-ha.
you wear your own clothes, a’-tha-
gtha-ha.
wear (to) a cap, tha’-ge.
I wear a cap, btha’-ge.
you wear a cap, shna’-ge.
we wear caps, 0®-tha’-ga i.
wear (to) until ragged, bi-dsiu’-tha.
weary (to be) from hard work,
u-zhe-tha.
weary (to be) from running, ga’-
cki-ge.
I am weary, 0"-a’-cki-ge.
you are weary, thi-a’-cki-ge.
we are weary, wa’-cki-ga i.
weasel, he’-xthi*.
weave (to), ga-co’-dse.
I weave, a’-co”’-dse.
you weave, tha’-co®-dse.
we weave, 0®-ga’-co"-dsa i.
web-footed, gi-btha-k’a.
the duck is web-footed, mi-xa zhi®-ga
a-ba ci-ge-btha-k’a bi a.
wedge of metal, mo”-ce wiu-ga-do*.
wedge of wood, zho" u-thu-ga-do"
(which see).
Wednesday, Ho”’-ba we-tha-bthi*.
weed (to), mo” -hi®-xa.
I weed, mo”’-hi® bthi-xa.
you weed, mo”’-hi® ni-xa.
weeding, we’-k’o".
weeds, pe’-zhe.
I took the weeds out, pe’-zhe ke
a-shi a-o®-btha ha.
weedy field, u-we
wa-gthi*.
week (a), ho”’-ba wa-ko®-da-gi.
weep (to), a’-ga-xto"; a’-xa-ge.
I weep, a’-a-xa-ge ha.
you weep, tha’-xa-ge ha.
I shed tears, a’-a-ga-xto°.
you shed tears, a’-tha-ga-xto®.
we shed tears, 0°-ga’-ga-xto® 1.
welfare, u -gi-cu.
well (it is well), do”’-ho".
well(a healthy state), u-ga-she thi-ge.
I am well! u’-ga-she o0-thi?-ge
mi®-kshe o.
are you well? u’-ga-she thi-thi-ge
ni-kshe a(?)

kshe mo*-hi®

— ee

LA FLESCHE]

well (of water), ni-hni’.
were, do.
west, mo”’-ha.
west wind, ta’-dse mo»-ha tse.
wet, do’-ka.
my feet are wet, ci te do’-o"-ka ha.
are your feet wet? gi te do’-thi-
ka a(?)
wet ground, mo*-shta’-ha.
whale, ho’-to™-ga.
what, da’-do"; ho®-a’-do?.
what kind, ho”’-xti 0?-xti.
whatever, da.
wheat, wa-bo’-cke.
wheat seed, wa-bo’-cke u-cu.
when, do; bi-do"; e-do;
dsi; tha’-ha.
when did you come?
tha tsi a(?)
when I get home, a-ki-e tha-ha.

ha-tor’-

ha-to” -dsi

when will you go home? ha-to»-
do” tha-gthe ta-tse a(?)
whence, i-to*.
whenever, ha’-to" shki.
whenever you say, thi-e ha’-to®

shki e-she do®.
whenever you say I will go, thi-e ha’-
to" shki do bthe te e-she do®
e-go" ta te ha.
where, ho’-wa-i®-ge.
where did you come from? ho’-wa-
gi to" tha-tsi a(?)
where, a’-gu-di.
where are, tho®-ka-dsi.
where are those men? ni’-ka-shi-ga
tho»-ka-dsi a(?)
wherefore, ha’-go*.
whet (to), thi-mo™.
I whet, bthi-mo~ ha.
you whet, shti-mo” ha.
we whet, o2-thi’-mo? i.
whetstone, mo” -hi" i-thi-mo*.
whiff (a), tha-sho’-dse.
which? wi-o"-wo7.
which one did you take?
the stiu-ce a(?)
whiffletree, zho’-ga-dsi*.
the whiffletree is broken, zho*’-ga-
dsi ke xo" ha.
whinny, ka’-wa ho-to*.
whip, we -ga-zhi?.
whip handle, we’-ga-zhi" i-ba.
whip (to), ga-ga’-ca-be.
I whipped him, a’-ga-ga-be.

wi-o”-wo2

OSAGE DICTIONARY

359

whip (to)—continued.
you whipped him, tha’-ca-ga-be.
we whipped him, 0”-ga’-ca-ca-be.
whippoorwill, a’-ko*-gthe; (2) tsi’-
pe-tho®-ba (which see).
whiskers, the’-xo®-dse hi*.
he cut his whiskers off, the’-xo®-dse
hi® gi-gtha ts’u i ha.
whistle, zho’-dse.
I whistle, a-zho’-dse.
you whistle, tha-zho’-dse.
we whistle, 0®-zho’-dsa i.
white, ¢ka.
white man (yellow eye), i®-shta’-xi".
to make white, whiten, ¢ka’ ga-xe.
white puffs of smoke, co” -ho® ti-tha-
tha.
white race (people), xi2-ha ¢ka.
white spots, ¢ka’-cka.
white pelican, mo*-thi® the do
ts’a-ge. (See do’-dse to®-ga.)
white swan, mi’-xa ¢ka.
white-tailed deer, ta-ci*’-dse ¢ka.
whitleather, ta’-biu-¢ka.
whittle (to), zho™-ba-shpi; (2) ba’-
gor,
I whittle, zho®’-pa-shpi.
you whittle, zho®’-shpa-shpi.
(2) I whittle, ba’-a-go..
you whittle, ba’-tha-go.
we whittle, o®-ba’-gon i.
whole, btho’-ga; (2) wo®-the-the.
why, ha’-go®-do?.
why did you not go?
sta zhi a(?)
Wichita (tribe of Indians), Wi’-tsi-
ta.
wicked, o’-tho-to" a-zhi; (2) u’-k’o2-
pi-zhi.
the man is_ wicked, ni’ sa-shi-ga
a-ka o-tho-to" ba-zhi i ha.
wide, btha’-tha; (2) gtho®-the.
the road is wide, u-zho® ke btha-tha.
widow, wa-k’o’ ni-ka thit-ge; (2)
ni’-ka thi®-ge.
I am a widow, ni’ka o®-thi®-ge.
widower, wa-k’o’-gi-ts’e; (2) wa-k’o
thi®-ge.
he is a widower, wa-k’o’-gi-ts’e ha.
wigwam, tsi-ste’tse.
wild grapes, ha’-ci a-be shta-ha.
wild plum, ko*’-dse xo-dse.
wild-plum tree, ko™-dse xo-dse hi.
wild sage, pe’-zhe-xu-ta.

ha’-go® do®

356

wilderness, mo*-zho” be u_ shko®-
zhi.
will (free), wa-zhi".
I did it of my own free will, wa-zhi"’
wi-ta ga-xe.
you did it of your own free will,
wa-zhi’ thi-ta shka-xe.
will, wa-zhi™.
it will, ta-a-ka.
it will rain, ni-zhiu’ ta-a-ka.
he will go home, a-gthe ta-a-ka.
willful, da’-e tha-gthi® a-zhi.
a willful boy, shi"-to zhi®-ga da’-e
tha-gthi" a-zhi.
willing, i’-no®-hi*.
I am willing, i-tha’-no®-hi*.
you are willing, i’-tha-no®-hi*.
I am willing to go, bthe ta-te i*-tha’-
no®-hi® ha.
you are willing to go,
i’-tha-no®-hi® ha.
willow, thiu’-xe (which see).
willow, yellow, thu’-xe-¢i.
wilt (to), a’-da-ts’e-ga.
wilted, da’-ts’e-ga.
the flowers are wilted, xtha-cka a-ka
da‘-ts’e-ga bi a.
win (to), u’-hi.
I win, u-wa’-hi.
you win, u-tha’-hi.
we win, 0®-gu’-hi i.
wind (to), a’-be-to*.
I wind, a’-pe-to.
you wind, a’-shpe-to®.
we wound, 0*’-ga-be-to® i.
wind, ta-dse’.
the wind was strong, ta-dse’ ¢a-gi
bi a.
toward the wind, a’-ga-xthe a-ta.
to lie with the head toward the wind,
a’-ga-xthe pa-gthe.
windfall, ga-zho’; (2) zho®-tha.
wind instrument, u-bi’-xo*.
windmill, ta-dse’ ga-ku-wi®-xe.
window, u-ga’-ho®-ba.
window glass, u-ga’-ho®-ba.
the boy broke the window, shi®’-tu
zhi®-ga a-ba u-ga’-ho®-ba ga-xthe-
ga bi a.
window glass (small), u-ga‘-ho*-ba
wa-ho-stsa.
windpipe, do’-dse xi-be;
zho*®-ge (which see).

ne ta-te

(2) u’-niu-

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

[BULL. 109

windpipe of an animal, to’-dse xi-be
(which see).
the windpipe, ni-o™ u-zho®-ge; ni-a’-
ko®-gthe.
windward, ki’-mo®-ho®.
windy, ta-dse’-ca-ca-gi.
wine, ha’-ci-ni.
winebibber, ha-¢i’-ni gi-tha-gthi*.
wine merchant, ha’-¢ci-ni we-thi-wi®.
wing (a little), a’-bthu zhi*-ga.
wings, a’-hi®.
the eagle’s wings are broken, xi-tha
thi®-ke a-hi* te thi-xo® bi a.
wink (to), i®-shta’ thi-do-zhe.
I winked at him, i®-shta’ e-bthi-do
zhe.
you winked, i®-shta’ the ni-do-zhe.
winkers, i’-ga-bi-zhe.
Winnebago language, Hu’-to®-ga i-e.
Winnebago Tribe, Ho’-to-ga.
winnow (to), bo’-the.
winter, ba’-the.
I have my wood for the winter,
ba’-the tse zho® a-bthi ha.
have you your wood for the winter?
ba’-the dse zho® u-tha-o" ta-tse
a-ni ke a-hi"?
wire fence, mo” -ce a-ba-ta.
wisdom, da’-i-ba-ho®.
he has great wisdom, da’-i-ba-ho®
wa-gthi® bi a.
wipe (to), a’-bi-no"-tha.
I wipe, a’-pi-no®-tha.
you wipe, a’-shpi-no®-tha.
we wipe, 0"-ga’-bi-no®-tha i.
wipe (to) out, bi-ka’.
wish (to), ko*.
witchcraft, wa-gtho’-xe-shto®.
witchery, wa-gtho"’-xe-shto®.
with him or her, zhu’-gthe.
I went with him, zhu’-a-gthe bthe.
you went with him, zhu’-tha-gthe
stse.
withdraw (to), ki-gthu’-ce.
I withdraw, a-ki’-gthu-¢e.
you withdraw, tha-ki’-gthu-ce.
we withdraw, o*-ki’-gthu-¢a i.
wither (to) from sun, a’-da-ts’e-ga.
withered, biu’-ce; da’-ts’e-ga.
The leaves are withered, a’-be ge
da-ts’e-ga.
the rose is withered, xtha-cka ke
biu’-ce ha.

~

LA FLESCHE]

witness, wa-we -ba-ho?.
I was witness, wa-we’-pa-ho».
you were a witness, wa-we’-shpa-ho".
wits, wa-thi’-gtho™-to*.
I live by my wits, wa-thi’-gtho-to"
tse-no® i-tha/-gi-ni.
you live by your wits, wa-thi’-
gtho"-to® tse-no® i’-tha-gi-ni.
he lives by his wits, wa-thi’-gtho2-
to® tse-no® i-gi-ni i-ha.
wolf, sho’-ge.
black wolf, sho’-mi-ka-¢i ga-be; sho»’-
ge ca-be.
gray wolf, sho’-mi-ka-g¢i to"-ga; sho”’-
ge hi-tu; sho’-ge xo-dse.
white wolf, sho™’-ge ¢ka.
wolfish, sho’-ge e-go".
woman, wa-k’o’.
quarrelsome woman, wa-k’o’ da-ge
shto® (which see).
womanly, wa-k’o’ e-go" (which see).
womb, zhi®-ga u’-gthi".
womb of an animal, u-gthi™ ta-xe.
wonderful, wax-ka’-da-zhi.
a wonderful sunset, mi’-hi-the te
wax-ka-da-zhi do®-be u-xta.
woo (to), mi-thi’-gtho.
I woo, mi-bthi’-gthor.
you woo, mi-ni’-gtho".
wood, zho*.
I chop wood, zho" a’-ce.
you chop wood, zho™ tha-¢e.
woodcock (a), to™-i™.
I shot woodcock, to®-i®’ a-wa-ku-dse.
wooden leg, zho”-zhe ga-u-gthe.
the soldier has a wooden leg, a’-ki-da
a-ba zho™ -zhe-ga-u-gthe wi? a-thi®
bi a.
woodpecker, bu’-xpa; pa-ga’-da-da-xe.
downy woodpecker, pa-bo’-gthi-ha-
ha.
pileated woodpecker, wa-zhi™-ga pa.
red-headed woodpecker, wa-zhi™ -ga
pa-zhu-dse; (2) bu’-xpa xo-dse;
(3) bo’-xpa-ni-dse ¢ka.
red-bellied woodpecker, shi®’-she-ga.
woods, u-xtha’-be.
let us take a walk in the woods,
u-xtha’-be ge u-ba wi®-xe o*-ga-the
tse a tha.
wood tick, ta’-tha-ca-pa.
wool, ta-cka’ hi®.
woolen goods, ta-cka’ hi" wa-to.

OSAGE DICTIONARY

357

work (to), wa-thi’-to*.
I work, wa-bthi’-to*.
you work, wa-ni’-to"; wa-stsi’-to*.
we work, 02-wo” -thi-to® i.
work horse, wa-thi’-to™ ka-wa.
world, mo*-zho’.
the whole earth, mo®-zho™ btho’-ga.
worm, wa-gthu’-shka.
wormy, wa-gthu’-shka u-tsi.
the apple is wormy, she a-ba wa-
gthu’-shka u-tsi shna bi a.
worn, wa-thi’-xthi-ge.
my blanket is worn, ha-xi® wi-ta
tho® a-gi-pi-thi-xthi-ge.
worn down, bi-thi’-ge.
I wore down to nothing, pi’-thi"-ge.
you wore down to nothing, shpi’-
thir-ge.
we wore down to nothing, o®-bi’-
thi-ga i.
worry, u’-ko»-di-the.
I worry, o”’-u-ko®-di-the.
you worry, u’-thi-ko"-di-the.
worship (to), tha-wa’-ko"-da.
I worship, btha-wa-ko»’-da.
you worship, na’ wa-ko"-da.
we worship, 0®-tha’-wa-ko-da i.
wound (a), u’-tse.
I have a wound on my foot, gi u-tse
a-ki-u ha.
wound (to), ki’-u.
I wounded him, a-ki’-u.
you wounded him, tha-ki-u.
wound (to) with a weapon, i’-u.
I wound, a’-u.
you wound, tha-u’.
wound (from a2 cut), u.
wound (to), as to injure, ba-xtho’-ga.
I wounded, pa’-xtho-ga.
you wounded, shpa’-xtho-ga.
we wounded, 02-ba’-xtho-ga i.
wrap (to), wa’-be-to".
I wrapped up the package, u-pe’-to”.

you wrapped up the package,
u-shpe’-to™.
wrap (to wrap up anything), u-thi’-
shi®.

wrath, wa-zhi" pi-zhi.
wreck by wind, ga-ta’-the.
the house was wrecked by wind, tsi
ge ga-ta’-the.
wren, zho™-xthu-k’a u-pe (which see).

358

wrench (to), u’-he-ca-zhi thi-do*.
I wrenched, u’-he-¢a-zhi bthi-do?.
you wrenched, u’-he-ca-zhi ni do®.
we wrenched, u’-he-ca-zhi o®-thi-
do® i.
wrestle (to), mo” -ki-co"-dse.
the man likes to wrestle, mo*’-ki-
co"-dse o® gi-tha-gthi bi a ni’-ka-
shi-ga a-ka.
wring (to) clothes for some one,
i-gi-thi-shki.
I wring the clothes, a-the-tse i-the’-
bthi-shki.
you wring the clothes,
i-tha’-ni-shki.
wrinkled, ts’i"-tha’.
wrinkled (as the forehead), u-thi’-
xtho*.
wrinkled (as the face), wa-thi’-ge-
ge-be.

a-the-tse

Be

yard measure, we’-k’u-tse.
yardstick, zho™’-xa we-k’u-tse.
yarrow, we -ts’a-ci®-dse e-go”.
year, u-mo"’-i"-ka.
one year, u-mo” -i"-ka wi®.
two years, u-mo”’-i®-ka tho®-ba.
five years, u-mo"’-i"-ka ga-to®.
yell, ho’-ca-gi.

I yelled, a-ho’-ca-gi.

you yelled, tha-ho’-¢a-gi.
yellow, ci.
yellow-hammer (bird), ¢o™’-¢i-ga.
yellowish, ¢i e-go", u-ga’-ci-¢i-hi.
yelp (as a dog), u’-hu-hu.
yes, 0°; (m. sp.) ho-we; (w. sp.) ho-ve.
yesterday, ci-do’-dsi.

I went to the doctor’s yesterday, ¢i-
do’-dsi wa-ko®-da-gi thi2-kshe dsi
pshi.

yield (to) through force, a-hu’-shi-ge.

I forced him to yield, a’-a-hu-shi-ge.

you forced him to yield, a’-tha-hu-
shi-ge.

zephyr, ta-dse’ wa-shta-ge.

BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY

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[BULL. 109

wrinkles, ba-¢’i"’-tha; bi-be’-xo®-xo®.
I have wrinkles, i®-dse’ tho® 0®-¢’i2-
tha.
wrinkles at the side of the mouth,
i’the-dse bi-xo".
wrist, a’-u-sho"-sho®; (2) a-xi’-be.
my wrist pains, a‘-u-sho"-sho" tse
o®™-ni-e ha.
wristband, a’-ko"-ta.
write (to), wa-gthe’-ce ga-xe.
I write, wa-gthe’-ce pa-xe.
you write, wa-gthe’-ce shka-xe.
we write, wa-gthe’-ce 0"-ga-xa i.
wrong (not right), sho™ a-zhi".
wrongful, u-k’o® e’-go zhi.
wrongfully, same as wrongful.
wry, shto’-zha.
Wyandotte, Wo” -da.

yield (to) through force—continued
we forced him to yield, 0°-ga’-hu-
shi-ga i.
yoke, zho™ ta-hiu k’o" ha (which see).
yolk (of an egg), pa’-ta gi thi2-kshe.
yonder, thi’-dsi; (2) she’-thu.
yonder is the town, thi’-dsi to®-i" thi®
kshe e-e to®-wo" tho?.
you, ba, thi’-e.
young, wa-hu’-k’a; zhi®’-ga.
you are young, wa-thi’-hu-k’a.
younger brother, wi-co"-ga (which
see); (2) i-go™’-ga.
I spoke to a younger brother, wi-¢o”’-
ga u-wa gi-ki-e.
your, thi-ta.
your horse, ka’-wa thi-ta.
your house, tsi thi-ta.
your child, zhi*-ga’ zhi®-ga thi-ta.
youth, shi®-to; (2) ni’-ka-shi-ga wa-ho’-
k’a.

| zigzag, ba-sho*’-sho™.

APPENDIX

Days anp Montus
NAMES OF DAYS

Monday, Ho”™-ba pa-ho®-gthe.
Tuesday, Ho™-ba we-tho®-ba.
Wednesday, Ho™-ba we-tha-bthi*.
Thursday, Ho’-ba we-do-ba.
Friday, Ta-tha’-ta-zhi ho®’-ba.
Saturday, Ho’-ba u-ga-xe thi®-ge.
Sunday, Ho™-ba Wa-ko?-da-gi.

NAMES OF MONTHS

January, Ho™-ba-stse-dse.

February, Mi’-u-ko"-dsi.

March, Mi-u’-k’o"-dsi thi®-ge.

April, I’-wa-bi; Wa-a’-bi.

May, Hiu’-wa-thi-xtha-xtha zhu-dsa bi; Xtha-cka zhi®-ga tse-the.

June, Tse-do-ga Mo®-no®-xa bi; Tse’-do-ga gi-shi® bi.

July, Tse-ki’-the-xa bi.

August, Xtha-ci-bi.

September, To™-ni pa-ho"-gthe kshe; Xtha-ci-btho-ga-ci; Ta-bi-
gpa-bi.

October, Ta’-ki-thi-xa-bi.

November, Ta-he’-ba-xo"-bi; Mi-ka’-ki-thi-xa bi.

December, Wa-ga’-be we-da-tha bi.

DESCRIPTION OF WI-GI-ES
E-no” Mi*-dse-to" wi'-gi-e, Ritual of the Owners of the Bow (gens)

This gens is also of the Wa-zha-zhe subdivision and has for its
symbol the right side of the river, also the left side of the river, which
shall free them from all causes of death. Reference is also made in
this ritual to the redfish, the blackfish, the otter, the beaver, and the
willow that never dies. These all have a symbolic significance.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 98-100, lines 11-25,

27-30, 32-34, 37-40, 45-48, 67-94.)
359

360 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

Hi’-ca-da Wi-gi-e, Leg Outstretched Ritual or Story

This story refers directly to the eagle leg attached to the wa-xo-be
which belongs to the various gens. This is told by the I*-gtho"-ga
(Puma) gens, which is closely related to the Hi’-ga-da gens. In this
story reference is made to the difficulties the searcher had for the foe,
how he crossed and passed into valleys and after much suffering in
body he returns with swift strides, telling of the herds of animals
he has found, of great size and curved horns, and of people he saw
tattooed, who were supplied with sharp weapons, and they saw he was
alarmed, so the antlers of the deer were made to symbolize the weapons
as they traveled through life.

Ho™-ba Tha-gthi" Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Peaceful Day gens

This gens is of the Tsi’-zhu division and has for its life symbols
the earth, the overreaching sky. These signify that all anger and
violence have been removed. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer.
Ethn., p. 127, lines 80-94.)

Ho"-be’-gu Wi-gi-e, Moccasin Ritual

This ritual is the Tsi’-zhe Wa-no" version of the Ni-ki rites. Refer-
ence is made to the red and black bowlder to be used as foot symbols,
so that their feet may not be pierced or bruised as they walk; for
strings to their moccasins the red-breasted leech shall be the symbol,
which has great strength; also the black-breasted leech shall be used
as a symbol for the moccasin string. Throughout the ritual reference
is made to the yellow and dark bowlder for feet and the yellow and
dark breasted leech for strings for the moccasins.

Ho”-ga A-hiu-to" Wi’-gi-e, The Ritual of the Winged Ho™-ga gens

This gens is of the Ho™-ga subdivision. In its ritual reference is
made to its life symbols, the golden eagle, the bird without a stain,
which is a means of protection to the people of this gens. (See 36th
Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 104-105, lines 8-32.)

Ho”™-ga U-ta-no"-dsi Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Isolated Ho-ga

This gens is one of the Wa-shta-ge subdivision, and among their
life symbols mention is made in the ritual of the tse’-xo-be (the
spider) and refers to the snare it makes to entrap; other symbols are
mentioned in this ritual, as the buffalo bull, the spreading adder, the
bull snake, the blacksnake, and the rattlesnake. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 102-104, lines 13-16, 22-27, 32-37, 42-49,
53-59, 63-82.)

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 361

Ho™ I-ni-ka-shi-ga Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Night People gens

This gens is of the Tsi’-zhu division. In this ritual reference is
made to the Black Bear as a life symbol, and the symbol of the char-
coal is to be the black on the bear’s feet, on his nose, and that part
of his body having black spots. The Wa-ca’-be-to" gens of the Ho™-
ga subdivision also used these as their symbols. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 123-124, lines 8-24.)

I’-ba-tse Ta-dse Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Winds gens

This gens is of the Ho”-ga subdivision. This gens has as its life
symbol the Ho”-ga Gthe-zhe (the great spotted eagle), which signi-
fies that they shall win compassion and their prayers shall be granted.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 118, lines 11-22.)

In-gtho™-ga Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Puma gens

This gens is of the Ho™-ga subdivision. The life symbol of this
gens is the puma (male). It is closely related to the sun, the great life
symbol, and the relentless fire of which the charcoal is emblematic.
Reference in the ritual is made to the great red bowlder, a symbol of
power and strength; the male star and the white bowlder and numer-
ous plants are taken as symbols of power and strength. (See 36th
Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 108, lines 8-11, 16-24; p. 109, lines
51-59.)

Ki’-no® wi-gi-e, Painting Ritual

This is the version of the Tsi’-zhe division. In this ritual is a refer-
ence to the arranging of four stones and the gathering of small dead
branches, placing them in the crevices of the stones and setting fire to
them; the black sky became aglow with red; this was the symbol
color for painting the face. Reference is made to the red shield
which shall protect the people as they come against the enemy. At
the close of this ritual three songs are sung which relate to the actions
of the persons going through the ceremony, appealing to the living
Power. The second ritual recited after songs of the symbols contains
references to the hair of the young buffalo that is to be used as sym-
bols for the girdle, and around the neck; the mussel shell is to be
the symbol for the gorget pendant, and the waves, the hollow bed,
and the ripples of the river are to be the life symbols for calm and
peaceful days as the people reach old age. (See 36th Ann. Rept.
Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 247, 286)

Mi-k’i* wa-no" Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Sun Carrier gens

This gens is of the Tsi’-zhu division and has for its life symbol the
god of day and the god of night, the male star, the evening star, and

362 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY © [BULL. 109

the rays (six) of the sun, for counting the war honors accurately.
Like the Tsi-zhu Wa-no", the sun is the life symbol and the rays are
for the accurate counting. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer, Ethn.,
pp. 122-123, lines 6-15, 19-27, 30-36, 39-44, 48-58.)

Mo”-shko® Wi'-gi-e, The Ritual of the Crawfish gens

These people are of the Ho™-ga subdivision. In their ritual refer-
ence is made to the life symbol as the Crawfish, who gave to the people
four different colored clays for symbolic use in the war ceremonies.
Reference is also made in the ritual to the cloven hand (claw), which
shall be a symbol of the forked poles that may be used for any purpose,
when going against the enemy. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer.
Ethn., pp. 116-118, lines 27-31, 38-42, 45-50, 55-59, 63-66, 71-78.)

Mo?-thi -the-do"-ts’a-ge Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Aged Pelican

This is one of three rituals in the No”-zhi"-zho" Wi-gi-e Ritual of the
Chief’s Vigil and refers to a mystical revelation during the night; in
this reference is made to the pelican, the life symbol of the Chief of
the Ho*-ga tribal division; the second wi-gi-e is entitled Ho®-ga Wa-
gthi®-ts’a-ge, The Very Aged Eagle, which is also a symbolic bird of
this tribe; and the third wi-gi-e is entitled the Mo*-ce Wi-gi-e, or the
Metal Ritual, and refers to steel needles or awls as scarifiers instead
of wing bones of the two birds.

Ni’-ka Wa-ko"-da-gi Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Men of Mystery gens

This is one of the T'si’-zhu division. In this ritual mention is made
of the red metal, the loose, black, and rough metal, the yellow metal,
and the flint corn and hailstones to be used as symbols for a long life.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 133, lines 9-12, 16-19,
24-29, 33-36, 44-51.)

Ni’-ki No"-k’o" rite, The Hearing of the Sayings of the Ancient Men

This degree ceremony belongs to the I"-gtho”-ga (Puma) gens and
the version is by that gens. Other gens have the rite but under
different title. This being an exceptionally long ritual, only reference
to certain parts can be given. In all the symbols mentioned there is a
reference to long life, peaceful and calm days, and abundance of food.
Following are some of the symbols: The god of day; the stages of life;
the god of night; the morning and evening star; the immature golden
eagle; the radiant star, to represent the upper region, the sky. Those
representing the water are the water spider, the water beetle, and the
white leech. The earth is represented by the Great Elk, who calls
to the four winds. The Little earth brings forth four kinds of soil—
the dark, the blue, the red, and the yellow—of which the people are
to make their symbols; also the earth brings forth four bowlders,

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 363

symbols of power—the red, the black, the white, and the yellow bowl-
ders. The soft yellow and the friable rock are also to be used as
symbols; the roots and plants were brought forth to be used as sym-

bolic food. Thus in this wi-gi-e we find many symbols used for long
life.

Ni’ -ki No"-k’o" Wi-gi-e, Rite of the Hearings of the Sayings of the Ancient
Men

This is the version of the Wa-ca’-be gens. In this wi-gi-e the
Black Bear gens does not mention the four great gods, nor the eagle as
leading the people down from the sky; neither is mention made of the
Radiant Star, but the Puma acts as messenger in this gens version.
Reference is made to the Great Elk as the being who made the waters
to depart and gave the four colored soils of the earth—the dark, the
red, the blue, and the yellow—while the Puma version gives the
Crawfish as the doner of these soils; in this version of the rite the neck
of the white swan is to be the symbolic war standard of the people;
the Puma gens makes the antlers of the deer to be the standard.

No*-ni’ A-tha-shu-dse Wi'gi-e, Ritual of the Four Symbolic Animals
(Tsi zhu Wa-shta-ge)

Ho! What shall they use as a symbol of their courage, said the people.
The little mottled lynx,

Which they knew to be great in courage they chose to use as a symbol,
Saying that if they use the lynx as a symbol of courage,

They shall become known for their valor.

Then the lynx spake, saying: Behold my hands in which there is

strength.

When they use these hands as symbols of strength,

Their hands shall ever be upon the foe.

At break of day,

Within the bend of a river,

The lynx suddenly rushed forth to an attack,
‘Upon a young deer,

Which he threw to the ground, where it lay lifeless and bent,
Whereupon he uttered a cry of triumph,

And spake, saying: Thus shall the little ones utter a cry of triumph

over the fallen foe.

Thus he made four cuts to stand for all time.

Ho! What shall they use as a symbol of their courage, the people said.
The gray wolf,

Which they knew to be great in courage, they chose to use as a symbol,
Saying that if they use the gray wolf as a symbol of courage

They shall become known for their valor.

67025—382——-24

364 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

Then the gray wolf spake, saying: Behold my hands in which there is
strength.

When they use these hands as symbols of strength,

Their hands shall ever be upon the foe.

At break of day,

Within the bend of a river,

The gray wolf suddenly rushed forth to an attack,

Upon a deer with spiked horns,

Which he threw to the ground, where it lay bent and lifeless,

Whereupon he uttered a cry of triumph,

And spake, saying: Thus shall the little ones utter a cry of triumph
over the fallen foe.

Thus he made four cuts to stand for all time to come.

Ho! What shall they use as a symbol of their courage, said the people.

The male puma,

Which they knew to be great in courage, they chose to use as a symbol,

Saying that if they use the puma as a symbol of courage,

They shall become known for their valor.

The puma spake, saying: Behold these hands in which there is strength.

When they use these hands as symbols of strength,

Their hands shall ever be upon the foe.

At break of day,

The puma rushed forth to an attack,

Within the bend of a river,

Upon a deer with dark horns,

Which he threw to the ground, where it lay bent and lifeless,

Whereupon he uttered a ery of triumph,

And spake, saying: Thus shall the little ones utter a cry of triumph
over the fallen foe.

Thus he made four cuts to stand for all time.

What shall they use as a symbol of their courage, the people asked.

The male black bear that is without blemish,

Which they knew to be great in courage, they chose to use as a symbol,

Saying, that if they use the black bear as a symbol of courage,

They shall become known for their valor.

The black bear spake, saying: Behold my hands in which there is
strength.

When they use these hands as symbols of strength,

Their hands shall ever be upon the foe.

The black bear rushed to the forest,

Where stood a hummock of some size,

Which he tore apart,

And all the insects dwelling therein

He crushed between his teeth,

.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 365

Whereupon he uttered a cry of triumph,
And spake, saying: Thus shall the little ones utter a ery of triumph
over the fallen foe, as they travel the path of life.
Thus he made four cuts to stand for all time.
(See 39th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 245-247, lines 1-60.)

LEGENDS
Cka’-gthe, the White Plume (Tsi’-zhu version)

Of the god of day,

I, as a person, have made my symbol.

There is a god who never fails to appear at the beginning of day,

The god who lies as though dipped in red (dawn).

Of that god I have made my symbol.

By the side of the god who never fails to appear (the sun).

Even at his left side,

Stands a plumelike shaft of light.

Of this plume I have made my symbol.

When the little ones make their plumes of this shaft of light,

They shall live to see old age.

Having their plumes like the shaft of light,

Their symbolic plumes shall never droop.

Also at the right side of the god who never fails to appear (the sun)

Stands another plumelike shaft of light.

When the little ones use these shafts of light,

Their symbolic plumes shall never droop as they travel the path of life.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 126, lines 57-80.)

Ho” -ba tha-gthi", Peaceful days

I, as a person, make my abode in the days that are peaceful and calm.
When the little ones make of me their symbols,
They shall also dwell as a people in the days that are calm and
' peaceful.
I have removed all signs of anger.
With me as their symbol
They shall be able to remove from the gods
All sign of anger.
Even from the god of daylight have I removed all anger and violence.
Verily from all the gods have I removed all anger.
So when the little ones make of me their symbol
They shall enable themselves to remove all anger and violence as
they travel the path of life.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 127, lines 81-102.)

366 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

Ho" -ba wa-cgu, God of cloudless day

To the god of cloudless day the people spake,
Saying: O grandfather,
The little ones have nothing of which to make a symbol.
He replied, saying: I am the only great god;
They shall make of me their symbol.
Then shall they enable themselves to see old age.
The four divisions of days (stages of life)
They shall enable themselves to reach and enter,
Their days shall be calm and peaceful.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. EHthn., p. 148, lines 11-27.)

Mi-xa cka, the great white swan (version of the Puma gens)

There is the great white swan;
Of this shall the little ones make their symbol,
The great white swan spake, saying: When the little ones make of
me their symbols
Let them know that of all living creatures
None are equal in strength of wings.
When I make a flight, even before half of the day has passed,
I am on the further side of the lake,
Swinging up and down upon the waves of the water.
When the little ones make of me their symbols,
Their arms shall become strong as are my wings.
To the four great divisions of the days (stages of life)
They shall succeed in bringing themselves,
They shall enable themselves to live to see old age,
By making of me their symbols,
They shall see old age as they travel the path of life.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 77, lines 84-98.)

Mo*-hi” ts’a-zhi, Grass that never dies (Sedge)

Behold the grass that never dies (the sedge);

When the little ones make of it the means to reach old age,

They shall always live to see old age.

I, myself, have made it to be the means to reach old age.

Behold the bend of my shoulders (Drooping sedge),

Behold the white blossoms on the top of the stalks,

Which I have made to be the means of reaching old age.

The little ones shall reach old age

And see their scanty locks turn yellowish with age

As have these blossoms.

With me as their symbol the little ones shall reach old age.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 95, lines 25-34.)

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 367
Mo"-ko” Ni-ka-shi-ga, Man Medicine (Cucurbita perennis)

In the presence of the Mo?-ko™ Ni-ka-shi-ga, Man Medicine,

They came and stood,

Saying: Shall this plant be a medicine to the little ones.

The grandfather replied: When the little ones use this plant as
medicine

They shall live to see old age.

When the people use this plant also for medicine,

They shall enable themselves to see old age.

O*-po"® To*-ga, the Great Elk

The puma came suddenly upon the male elk,

Who stood upon the earth.

He returned in haste to his elder brothers,

Who said to him: O younger brother!

He replied: O elder brothers, I went forth and came upon a man
who stands there.

In response they said to him,

Whomever the man may be who stands yonder,

We will send him to the abode of the spirits.

With heads bent they hastened to the man,

With the index finger moistened in the mouth, they were ready to
slay the stranger.

Quickening their footsteps they went forth,

With heads inclined they stood before him.

The male elk hastened to say,

I am a Ho"’ga,

I am O-po® To*-ga, the great elk,

I am a person who is never absent from an important act.

O’po" To*-ga, great elk,

Is a name that I have taken to myself.

I-am a person who can be made use of as a symbol.

In the midst of the east wind,

In the midst of the north wind,

He threw himself upon the earth.

As he stood the sky became calm and peaceful,

And gentle as though touched with gentle hands.

As he threw himself in the midst of the north wind,

He swept away all traces of anger

From the god above (Overarching heaven).

Throwing himself upon the earth,

In the midst of the south wind,

He cleansed the land, from every part of the earth,

Of all anger.

368 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

Again he threw himself upon the earth.
When he arose to his feet,
He left the surface of the earth covered with the hairs of his body.
These, he said, are the grasses of the earth;
I have scattered them so that the animals may appear in their midst.
Once more he threw himself upon the earth.
When he arose he stood with his rumps toward the people,
Saying: These ball-like muscles of my rumps,
They are the round hills of the earth,
Behold the right side of my body,
It is the level lands of the earth.
Behold the ridge of my back,
It is the ridge of the earth.
Behold the curve of my neck,
It is the gaps in the ridges of the earth.
Behold the tip of my nose,
It is the peaks of the earth.
Behold the bases of my antlers,
They are the loose rocks of the earth.
Behold the branches of my antlers,
They are the branches of the rivers.
Behold the small tines of my antlers,
They are the creeks of the earth.
Behold the large tines of my antlers,
They are the large streams that are dotted here and there with forests.
Behold the largest part of my antlers,
They are the rivers.
All these I have made my body to represent.
When the little ones go forth to hunt,
Even before the break of day,
They shall see the animals appear,
And in the evening of the day
They shall always see the animals appear.
All the people shall make use of me as a symbol.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 113, lines 7-106.)

She’-ki, Rattlesnake (Life symbol)

The great snake (rattle)

From amidst the bunches of tall grass

Caused itself to be heard by making a buzzing sound.

Then it spake, saying:

Even though the little ones pass into the realms of spirits,

They shall, by clinging to me and using my strength, recover con-
sciousness.

The great snake

“=

LA FLESCHE] OSAGEH DICTIONARY 369

Made a sound like the blowing wind
Close to the feet (of the sick).
He repeatedly sounded his rattle as he stood.
Close to the head (of the sick)
He repeatedly sounded his rattle.
Toward the east winds
He repeatedly sounded his rattle
Toward the west winds
He repeatedly sounded his rattle.
Toward the winds from the cedars (the north)
He repeatedly sounded his rattle.
Then spake, saying: Even though the little ones pass into the realm
of spirits,
They shall always with my aid bring themselves back to consciousness.
When the little ones make of me their symbols,
The four divisions of the days
They shall reach successfully,
And then into the days of peace and beauty
They shall always make their entrance.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 104, lines 62-87.)

Tse’ wa-the, root of the Nelumbo lutea

The Puma strode away forthwith
And came to the middle of the lake,
Where, within its bed of mud, lay the tse’ wa-the.
With a quick movement of his foot he lifted the root from its bed of
soft earth.
Then in haste he brought it home to the people,
Saying: How will this serve as a symbol, O elder brothers?
With eager haste the people munched the root,
And, like milk, its juice squirted out as they pressed it between their
~ teeth.
They spake, saying: It is fit for the little ones to use as food.
The little ones shall use this for food.
The people of the Wa-zha’-zhe, those of the Tsi’-zhu,
Shall always use this root for food.
The people said to one another: Verily, we shall make the young bull
And this plant to be companions, O younger brothers.
When the little ones eat of these foods,
Their limbs shall always stretch in growth.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 111, lines 121-140.)

U’-xthi-thi"-ge, No Anger

The Tsi’-zhu, a people who possess seven fireplaces,
Spake to one of the {si’-zhu (gentes),

370 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 109

Saying: Verily, a person (gens) who stands having no anger or violence.

O grandfather, the little ones have nothing of which to make their
symbols.

No Anger (the subgens of that name) replied:

I am a person (a people) of whom the little ones may well make their
symbols.

I am a person whose being abides in the moist, vibrating air of the
earth.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

They shall enable themselves to become a people of moist, vibrating
air of the earth;

Their days shall be calm and peaceful.

(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 128, lines 104-118.)

Wa-ca’-be ni-dse hi-wa-¢pe, hibernating of the Black Bear (Life symbol)

Verily at that time and place,

Close to the period of the seven moons,

The Black Bear sat to rest her body.

As she sat she thought: Even now I have reached the end of a great
division of days.

In every direction she heard the voices of birds,

Heard them calling to one another as she sat.

Again she thought, I have reached the end of a division of days.

Swarms of little insects,

She saw swiftly flying hither and thither in the air;

Again she thought of the great division of days,

Saying: Behold I have come to Wa-ko™-da;

These little ones

Must dwell in the great division of days.

Gathering them (the little ones) up in her arms,

She held them up to the great god of day, newly risen,

Saying, O Venerable Father! these little ones have now become
persons;

Give them strength to bring themselves to see old age as they travel
the path of life.

(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 78, lines 40-59.)

Wa-ko"-da Hiu-dse’ ta, the goddess of the lower region (earth)

The people spake to the goddess of the lower region,
Saying: O grandmother,

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.
The goddess of the lower region (earth) replied:

The little ones shall make of me their symbols.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY StL

When they make of me their symbols,
They shall enable themselves to see old age,
And verily, an unbroken line of descendants they shall live to see.
When the people of the Wa-zha’ zhe, the Ho”-ga and the Tsi’ zhu
Make of me their symbols,
Children, in an unbroken line of births, they shall live to see.
The four great divisions of the days,
They shall enable themselves to reach and enter,
The days that are calm and peaceful,
They shall enable themselves to reach and enter.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 149, lines 64-78.)

Wa-ko"-da Ho*-no"-pa-ce, the goddess of darkness

The people spake to the goddess of darkness,
Saying: O grandmother,
The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.
Quickly the goddess of darkness replied, O little ones,
You say the little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.
The little ones shall make their symbols of me;
They shall then enable themselves to live to see old age.
The people of the Wa-zha’-zhe, the Ho?-ga, and the Tsi’-zhu
Shall make of me their symbols.
When they make of me their symbols,
The four great divisions of the days
They shali enable themselves to reach and enter.
Little Ones,
An unbroken line of descendants they shall live to see,
In the days that are calm and peaceful,
They shall abide as a people.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 148, lines 30-49.)

Wa-ko”™-da Mo"-shi-ta, God of the upper region (sky)

The people spake to the god of the upper region (Sky),
Saying: O grandfather,
The little ones have become a people.
The god of the sky replied: The little ones shall make of me their
symbols;
Then shall they enable themselves to live to see old age.
So shall the Wa-zha’-zhe, the Ho”’-ga, and the Tsi’-zhu,
By making of me their symbols,
Live to see old age.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 149, lines 50-60.)

372 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL, 109

Wa’-no"-sdo-dse Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Act of Slipping off the Moccasins
(Puma gens)

Upon what shall we slip off our moccasins?

Toward the setting of the sun,

There is an adolescent youth:

Upon whom we shall always slip off our moccasins.

When we slip off our moccasins upon the adolescent youth

We shall make it possible to slip off with ease our moccasins.

Upon what shall we slip off our moccasins?

Toward the setting of the sun,

There is an adolescent maiden

Upon whom we shall always slip off our moccasins.

When we slip off our moccasins upon the adolescent maiden,

We shall make it possible to slip off with ease our moccasins, my
younger brothers.

Upon what shall we slip off our moccasins?

Toward the setting of the sun,

There is a man honored for his military prowess,

Upon whom we shall always slip off our moccasins.

When we slip off our moccasins upon the man honored for his military
prowess,

We shall make it possible to slip off with ease our moccasins.

Upon what shall we slip off our moccasins?

Toward the setting of the sun.

There is a woman who has given birth to her first child,

Upon whom we shall always slip off our moccasins.

When we slip off our moccasins upon the woman who has given birth
to her first child,

We shall make it possible to slip off with ease our moccasins, my
younger brothers, they said to one another.

PARAPHRASES OF WI-GI-ES
O-ba Tha’gthi® Wi’gi-e, Ritual of Peaceful Day (of the Tsi’zhu gens)

Verily, my abode is in the days that are calm and peaceful.
When the little ones make of me their symbols (their life),
They shall become a people of the days that are ever serene.
From each of the great gods

I verily remove all traces of anger and violence.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

They shall have power to remove from the gods

All anger and the desire for destruction.

From the god of the lower world (the earth);

From the god of light who standeth in the midst of heaven;
From the god of the upper world (the overreaching sky),

ee

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 373

I have power to remove all anger and violence.
When the little ones make of me their symbols,
They also shall have power to remove from the gods all anger.
When the little ones of the Wa-zha’-zhe (subdivision)
And those of the Ho ga (subdivision)
Make of me their symbols,
They shall have power to remove from all lands,
All anger, hatred, and violence.
(No Anger is also my name.)
I am a person of whom the little ones may well make their symbols.
My abode is in the midst of the earth’s warm, quivering air.
When the little ones make of me their symbols,
They shall become a people of the earth’s quivering air.
Verily in the days that are gentle and peaceful,
I make my abode.
When the little ones make of me their symbols,
They shall become a people of the days that are gentle and peaceful.
Of a little yellow flower,
I have made my body;
The little Ba-shta’, that stands amidst the winds,
I have made to be my body.
When the little ones make of the Ba-shta’ their symbols,
They shall live together without anger, without hatred.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 127, lines 81-97.)

O’-po" Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Elk gens

This gens is of the Ho”-ga subdivision and has the Great Elk as
its life symbol. It is a symbol of the entire earth and was instru-
mental in making it a suitable abode. In the ritual he causes the
waters to recede and the land to appear and become habitable;
he makes the grasses to grow so that animals may become plentiful
for the benefit of man; the elk is a symbol in the rites pertaining
both to peace and war. It is the symbol of the Wa-zha’-zhe and
Tsi’-zhu people. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp.
113-115.)

Pe’xe Thu-ca bi Wi'-gi-e, Ritual of the Taking up the Rattle (Puma gens)

What shall they use for a rattle? the people said.

It is a head that they shall use as a rattle.

Verily, it is not a head that is spoken of.

The male puma that lies outstretched upon the earth,

It is his head

That they shall use as a rattle.

When they shall use the head of the male puma as a rattle,
And go toward the setting sun, against their enemies,
They shall, by its use, easily overcome their foes.

374 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

What shall they use for seeds (gravel put into the gourd) for the rattle?

The male puma that lies outstretched upon the earth,

It is the teeth of his right jaw,

That they shall use as seeds for their rattles.

When they use the teeth of the male puma as seeds for their rattles,

Then, indeed, the sound of their rattles shall be clear.

What shall they use as a handle for their rattle?

The male puma that lies outstretched upon the earth,

It is his right foreleg

That they shall use for a handle for their rattle.

When they use the lower right leg of the male puma as a handle for
their rattle,

They shall make themselves to be free from all causes of death.

Behold the fine dust within the rattle;

That fine dust also

Is not without a purpose.

Toward the setting of the sun

There are people who possess things that are numerous.
Verily I have made this dust to represent all those things.

Behold the opening at the top of the rattle.

That opening also

Is not made without a purpose,

The little insects (all living creatures),

It matters not whose little ones they may be,

We shall cause them to fall into this opening, as though into a snare.

They gave a menacing stroke to the rattle.

Toward the setting of the sun,

Toward the adolescent youth who dwells in that direction,
They gave a menacing stroke,

And said: When they give a menacing stroke such as, this,
They shall strike with ease their enemies.

When they conjure their enemies with the rattle,

They shall conjure them with ease, O younger brothers.

For a second time they gave a menacing stroke with the rattle.
Towara the setting of the sun,

Toward the adolescent maiden who dwells in that direction,
They gave a menacing stroke,

And said: When they give a menacing stroke such as this,
They shall strike with ease their enemies.

When they conjure their enemies with the rattle,

They shall conjure them with ease.

ee

———

Oo Se

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 30)

Yor a third time they gave a menacing stroke with the rattle.

Toward the setting of the sun,

Toward the man who is honored for his military prowess, who dwells
in that direction,

They gave a menacing stroke,

And said: When they give a menacing stroke such as this,

They shall strike with ease their enemies.

When they conjure their enemies with the ratile,

They shall conjure them with ease.

For the fourth time they gave a menacing stroke with their rattle.

Toward the setting of the sun,

Toward the woman who has given birth to her first child, who dwells
in that direction,

They gave a menacing stroke,

And said: When they give a menacing stroke such as this,

They shall strike with ease their enemies with the rattle.

When they conjure their enemies with the rattle, as they travel the
path of life,

They shall conjure them with ease, O younger brothers.

(See 39th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 115-117.)

Ta I-ni-ka-shi-ga Wi'-gi-e, The Ritual of the Deer People

These are of the Wa-zha-zhe subdivision, and their ritual refers to
the little animal (the deer) as the symbol of which they are to make
their bodies. The various parts of the deer are referred to as proper
symbols for the people of the seven fireplaces to take for power to
overcome the enemy. Reference is also made to the oak trees and
the bunches of grass found where the deer has trod. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 96-97, lines 10-79, 92-98.)

Ta Wa-tho®, Deer Songs

These songs are part of the Ni-ki No®-k’o" rite and belong to the
I"-ctho"-ga (Puma) gens and is their version. There are six of these
songs and they follow the ritual of the Hearing of the Sayings of the
Ancient Men. The first song refers to the hunter as he stands waiting
for the deer, while the sister remains at home wishing a doe might be
shot by the brother; the second refers to the anxiety and hope that
the brother will succeed; the third refers to the relief of mind, as the
sister thinks of the actual shooting of a deer by her brother; the fourth
refers to the wounding of a deer by the hunter as he pursues it; the
fifth refers to the cutting of the skin of the deer into shape for clothing;
and the sixth refers to the success of the hunter. The mention of
sister and brother in these songs is in the generic sense only.

376 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULE. 109
Tho’-xe Pa thi-ho" Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Buffalo Bull gens

This is of the Tsi’-zhu division. In the ritual reference is made to
the thrusting of a red plume, by the Tsi’-zhu Wa-shta-ge, into a
Buffalo Bull, who was subdued and is called Tho’-xe, and who, being
personified, speaks to the people, and with quick motion brings forth
certain bulbous roots, which shall be not only symbolic medicine but
also used as sacred names by them. These symbols shall be for long
life to those who use them. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn.,
pp. 134-135, beginning line 9.)

To*-wo® A-do"-be wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Overseer of the Village

In this wi-gi-e (ritual) there are five parts; in the first, reference is
made to the priestly office; the second is an appeal to the god of
cloudless day, which is pure and free from anger and hatred; the
third is an address to the goddess of darkness, who possesses the power
of reproduction, and the people appeal to her for aid, so that the
little ones may be able to reach maturity successfully; the fourth
is an appeal to the god of the upper region (sky). To him the
people appeal for aid in leading others along paths of peace. The
fifth and last part of the ritual is an appeal to the goddess of the lower
region (earth), who possesses power to bring forth life. The people
appeal to her for peace and prosperity. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur.
Amer. Ethn., pp. 147-151, lines 11-18, 30-46, 50-55, 64-82.)

Tse-do’-ga I"-dse, The Buffalo Face gens

This gens is of the Tsi’-zhu division. It has no ritual, but its
presence is necessary in this ceremony to complete the tableau of the
sky, the great bodies that move therein, and the animal life in the
earth to which they are related. This gens occupies the second place
in the ceremonial order of the gentes composing the Tsi’-zhu division,
but its members remain silent throughout the ceremony. ‘The office
of this gens is to perform the ceremony of cutting into shape the sym-
bolic buffalo-skin moccasins and to recite the wi-gi-e relating to them.

Tse Mi-ga Wi’-gi-e, The Ritual of the Female Buffalo

O younger brothers,

The little ones have no ceremonial articles.

Then to the one who had made of the Puma his body,
They spake, saying: O younger brother,

We bid you go and search for material for making them.
As these words were spoken the Puma hastened away.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY aed

Then the people spake, saying: There are signs that our younger
brother is returning.

Stumbling again and again as he hastens homeward,

Some of the brothers hurried to him and spake,

Saying: O younger brother.

To their inquiries the Puma replied:

Verily, an animal of some kind

Stands yonder, O elder brothers,

Of formidable appearance, with cloven feet; ‘

It has horns upon its head.

Then the people spake to one another, saying: O elder brothers,

Our younger brother has come home in great alarm.

He has seen an animal standing yonder

That is fear-inspiring in appearance,

An animal with cloven feet and horns upon its head.

Make haste, said the people;

We are a people who spare none of the foe,

A people who are never absent from any important movement.

It matters not whose little one that animal may be,

We shall send him to the abode of spirits.

They moved forward with quickened footsteps.

At the fourth ceremonial pause,

The Puma spake, saying: There it stands, O elder brothers.

The people drew near and stood in line.

They spake, saying: It is a female;

We shall make of the animal the sacred articles we need.

Even its skin

We shall consecrate to ceremonial use, O elder brothers.

Behold the length of its back, even it is

Fit for ceremonial use.

Out of its skin we shall make ceremonial robes,

To commemorate the consecration of the skin to ceremonial use.

We shall take from it a personal name.

The-sacred-robe shall be the name bestowed upon our little ones,

Woman-of-the-spine shall also be a personal name.

The horns also, that spread out, shall be a personal name.

Even its head shall be referred to in personal name.

Maker-of-the-head we shall use as a personal name.

Tse Tho"-ka Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Buffalo Back gens

This gens is of the Tsi’-zhu division. In the ritual mention is made
of the Buffalo back as being personified and tells the people to make
of him their symbol. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p.
132, lines 3-11.)

378 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [RULL. 109
Tse Wa-tho", Buffalo Songs

This is the opening song in the ceremony of Instructions to the
Wife of the Initiate. Reference is made to Wi-tsi’-go (grandfather),
which is a term of veneration; the second of these songs relates to the
activities of the animal when it has attained maturity. The call in
these songs is to the human race as well as to the Initiate and his wife.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 142-143, free translations
of songs. ) :

Tsi-’zhu Wa-no" Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Elder Household gens

This gens is of the Tsi’-zhu division. The life symbol of this gens
is the sun’s rays (Mi Ga-gthe-ce). Reference is made in the ritual
of this god of day and its thirteen rays, the war symbols of this gens;
the morning and evening stars and the pileated woodpecker are also
referred to as symbols to be used by the people. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 119-122, lines 9-21, 26-34, 40-51,
58-73.)

Tsi’-zhu We-ha-ge Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Last Tsi’-zhu gens

In this wi-gi-e (ritual) reference is made to the life symbol which is
the red black bear. As in the rituals of the Wa-ca-be-to" and the
Ho® I-ni-ka-shi-ga, so in this of the Tsi’-zhu We-ha-ga mention is
made of the dark color of the feet, the tip of the nose, and the dark
spots on the body which are to be used as symbols to insure a long
life, and of which they are to make their charcoal. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 130-132.)

U’-xthi Thi"-ge Wi’-gi-e, The Ritual of the No Anger gens

This gens is of the Tsi’-zhu division. In this ritual reference is
made to the Peace Pipe as a life symbol; also reference is made to a
little yellow flower; to the red, blue, speckled, and yellow corn as
symbolic food for the people, signifying a ripe old age will be reached
by them and they will have peace and calmness. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 128-129, lines 123-129, 135-139, 143-
151, 154-165.)

Wa-ca’-be-to" Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Black Bear gens

The symbol of this gens is the Black Bear; of this they are to make
their charcoal, which is designated by the black on the feet, the tip
of the nose, and the various parts of its body. Mention is also made
in this ritual to the White Swan, of which they are to use the black of
its feet and the tip of its beak as a symbol for their charcoal. (See
36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 105-107, lines 3-34, 50-63.)

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 379

Wa-¢a’-be Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Black Bear (a life symbol of the Black
Bear gens)

The bear moved on with quickened footsteps

To a valley where he paused and stood.

To this time he had not found a place wherein to rest.

He longed to sit down,

But moved about perplexed and bewildered.

He knew he must rest for a period of seven months,

But knew not where or how.

He gathered together some small stones

And arranged them in a pile.

Seven in number were the stones

He had gathered together and arranged in a pile

Whereon to rest.

Nevertheless he rested not.

Then, even as he moved away,

He spake, saying: This act also

I have not performed without a purpose.

When the little ones go toward the setting sun against their enemies,

They shall make use of these stones.

The little ones of the Tsi’zhu and of the Wa-zha’zhe

Shall use these stones to purify their bodies by heating them (the
ceremonial vapor bath).

When they use these stones for purifying their bodies,

They shall be free from all causes of death.

When they use them in their supplications for aid to overcome their
enemies,

They shall enable themselves to overcome their enemies with ease.

The Bear moved on with quickened footsteps

To the top of a rocky cliff,

To the entrance of a cave where he paused and stood.

To this time he had not found a place wherein to rest.

But he moved about bewildered ;

For a period of seven moons he must rest.

He moved close to the house (the cave) and paused.

Then, into the door, at the right side,

He partly entered and paused.

He beheld the interior of a house, mysterious in all its aspects.

He moved farther into the house and sat down.

He became conscious of having found for himself a house with a room
most pleasing and satisfying,

Of having come to a house that was mysterious in all its aspects,

Verily, a house that excluded the light of day he had found.

67025 —32 ——25

380 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

He thought, Lo, even the door of my dwelling
Is mysterious.
No one can look in and intrude upon me.
He sat down
To rest for a period of seven moons,
And sat undisturbed,
Until six moons had passed;
Then he made a close examination of his body,
Looking carefully over all its parts.
He thought: Lo, my flesh has shrunken to nothing, in the time I have
sat here.
Verily, I am a person whom the little ones should make their symbols.
They should make of me an emblem of old age.
Again the Bear examined himself.
Then to the right side of the door of his house
He moved and paused.
He stood gazing upon the land before him.
Verily, he saw the land overspread with a smokelike mist.
He heard the sighing of the winds among the tree tops.
He moved farther out, where he paused and stood,
And the birds
All around him sang,
And he stood listening to the noise of ee songs.
The Bear moved forward and placed upon the ground six imprints
of his feet,
As symbols of certain deeds most difficult to accomplish.
He did not place the six footprints upon the ground without a purpose.
He spake, saying: Behold I have placed upon the ground six foot-
prints.
Toward the setting of the sun
The little ones shall win o-do™ (military honors).
Verily, I have made these footprints to represent those deeds.
He took one step forward.
Then from there he placed seven footprints upon the ground,
And he spoke, saying: These footprints also
I have not placed upon the ground without a purpose.
They are the footprints spoken of as the Seven Footprints.
Verily, I have placed them here to remain for all time to come.
They are the valorous deeds spoken of as o-do” ;
These valorous deeds spoken of as the Seven O-do™
I have verily placed here to remain for all time.
(See 39th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 158-164, lines
117-309.)

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 381

Wa’-ci-thu-¢ge Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Cremonial Approach to the Little
House

This version is of the Tsi’-zhu division. Reference is made in this
ritual to an effort on the part of the people to find a way to guide their
footsteps. Wandering about through valleys, toward a river, they
finally find the Little House; other efforts were made but each time
the footsteps led to the Little House.

Wa-ke’-stse-dse Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Wa-ke’-stse-dse gens

This ritual refers to the life symbol of the gens as the Cattail
(Typha latifolia), the plant that represents the water part of the
earth. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 93.)

Wa-ts’e’-the Wa-tho", Song of Death

This song is sung by the Xo’-ka of the Tsi’-zhu division, after
the recital of the ritual of the Ceremonial Approach. It relates to the
one who comes upon them unawares, and makes an attack, and causes
them to lie blackening the earth. While this song is being sung the
Xo’-ka moves slowly to his seat in the lodge. Following this song is
the Ki-gto’" Wa-tho", the Little song of the Gathering, which tells of
the principal ones taking their places. Following this comes the
ceremony called U’-wa-the-the, the act of sending certain symbolic
articles to the various gentes owning them.

Wa’ -tse-tsi Wi-gi-e, The Ritual of the Star People, Wa’-tse-tsi gens of the
Wa-zha-zhe subdivision

The life symbol with this gens is the female cedar, and as a com-
panion to the red cedar the waters that flow through the valley shall
also be a symbol; the grass that never dies (the sedge) is a symbol
used by these people, and all of these symbols are referred to in the
wi’-gi-e of this gens. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 95,
lines 9-24, 25-31.)

Wa-zha’-zhe Cka Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the White Wa-zha’-zhe (water divi-
sion) gens of the Wa-zha’-zhe subdivision

In this ritual will be found the life symbols used by this gens, which
are the mussel (tsiu’-ge) that sits in the water and the god of day, all
typifying the length of life. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn.,
p. 94, lines 8-27.)

Wa-zha’-zhe Wa-no® Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Wa-zha’-zhe Wa-no" gens

This gens has for its life symbol the Ke (i®-dse Ga-tse, the Turtle
with Serrated Tail. In this ritual the recount of the o-do™ is symbol-
ized by the seven serrations in the turtle’s tail, and is expressive of the
long life they shall experience by using this symbol. (See 36th Ann.
Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 92, lines 8-35.)

382 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

Wa-zhi"-ga pa to"-ga, Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Long-billed (Pileated)
Woodpecker

There is in existence a long-billed bird;
Of that bird I have verily made my body.
The god of day that sitteth in the heavens,
I have employed this bird to bring hither (symbolize) ;
Also the god of night that sitteth in the heavens,
And the male star (morning star),
I have employed this bird to bring hither (symbolize).
When the little ones make of that star their symbol,
They shall enable themselves to find spoils in profusion.
When they go toward the setting of the sun against their enemies,
And use the bird in the appeal for aid,
They shall never fail to succeed in their undertakings.
The female star (evening star),
I have employed this bird to bring forth.
As the little ones go toward the setting of the sun,
And use this bird in their appeal for aid,
They shall never fail to succeed.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 120, lines 55-85.)

Wi-gi’-e To"-ga, The Great Ritual

This is recited by the Tsi’-zhu Wa-no’, following the sending of the
symbolic articles. The act of reciting belongs to the two keepers of
the Tattooing and Great Healing Plant shrines. Reference is made
to the various life symbols as the Sho’-ka hastened forth. These are
the golden eagle, the white rock, the bowlders, the flint, various trees;
also the valleys and the prairies that he traveled over in searching,
showing that the sky, the land, the water are all sought in getting the
life symbols. At the conclusion of this Great ritual, the O’-po" gens
bring water, that the different ones may wash their faces.

Xo’-ka Ki-no" kshi-the Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Xo-ka symbolic painting
(Wa-ca-be gens)

With what shall the little ones adorn their bodies?

The crimson color of the god of day who sitteth in the heavens,

They shall make to be the sacred color,

The god who redeems the heavens as he approaches.

They shall adorn their bodies with the crimson hue shed by the god
of day.

Then shall the little ones be free from all causes of death.

What shall they use for a symbolic plume?

At the right side of the god who comes at the beginning of day,

Is a beam of light that stands upright like a plume,

That they shall make as their sacred plume;

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 383

Then their plumes shall never droop for want of strength.
For a pendant upon the breast of the Xo-ka
They shall place the shell of the mussel, who sitteth upon the earth.
It is as the god of day who sitteth in the heavens.
By pressing this to his breast
He shall be free from all causes of death.
What shall the people place upon his wrist?
It is a bond spoken of as a captive’s bond,
But it is not a captive’s bond,
It is a soul,
That they shall place upon his wrists.
What is he upon whom a girdle is to be placed?
He is a captive; no, it is a spirit.
Also it is a spirit to whom moccasins are to be given.
(See 39th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 74, lines 1-42.)

Xo’-ka Wi'-gi-e, Ritual of the Xo’ka

This ritual is recited by the Xo’-ka (Initiator) before he paints
himself with the charcoal. The first part of the ritual relates to
the Black Bear and to certain symbols given to the people; the
second part refers to the female black bear when she starts to
hibernate and also to her awakening after her long sleep; the third
and last part is spoken as the Ki-no® Wi-gi-e. In this is related
the manner in which certain symbols are painted upon the face of
the Xo’-ka and on his body.

Xu-tha’ Zhu-dse Wi-gi-e, Ritual of the Red Eagle gens

This gens is of the Tsi’-zhu division and has as its life symbol
the red eagle. Reference is made in the ritual to the parts of the
body of the red eagle that may be used as life symbols which will
enable the people to have long lives; also reference is made to the
dawn as a plumelike shaft of light. (See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur.
Amer. Ethn., pp. 124-126, lines 10-52; 60-79.)

Ho" be cu Wi'-gi-e, Ritual of Cutting the Symbolic Moccasin (Puma gens)

The turtle that has a tail with seven serratures,

We shall make to be the symbol of our foot, O younger brothers.
When we make this turtle to be the symbol of our foot,

And go forth against our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun,
We shall enable ourselves to tread down the harmful grasses.

What shall we make to be a symbol of our moccasin string?
The garter snake that lies outstretched

Shall be the symbol of our moccasin string.

The harmful grasses that lie in our course

Shall not cut or break our moccasin string.

384 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

What shall we make to be the symbol of our knife?

There is the young buffalo bull;

It is his right horn

That shall be a symbol of our knife.

When we make the right horn of the young bull to be a symbol of
our knife,

And go against our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun,

Our knife shall always be sharp and ready for use, O younger brothers.

Upon what shall we cut this skin?

Toward the setting of the sun

There is a man of our enemies who is honored for his valor.
It is upon him that we shall cut this skin.

When we do our cutting upon that valorous man,

It shall be easy for us to do our cutting.

The people said,

The turtle that has a tail with six serratures,

We shall make to be a symbol of our foot, O younger brothers.
When we make that turtle to be our foot,

And go forth against our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun,
We shall enable ourselves to tread down the harmful grasses.

What shall we make to be a symbol of our moccasin string?
When we make this snake to be our moccasin string,

The harmful grasses that lie in our course

Shall not break or cut our moccasin string.

What shall we make to be a symbol of our knife?

There is the young buffalo bull;

It is his right horn

That shall be a symbol of our knife.

When we make the right horn of the young bull to be a symbol of our
knife,

And go against our enemies who dwell toward the setting of the sun,

Our knife shall always be sharp and ready for use.

Upon what shall we cut the skin?

Toward the setting of the sun

There is a woman of our enemies who has given birth to her first
child.

It is upon her that we shall cut this skin.

When we do our cutting upon that woman,

It shall be easy for us to do our cutting, O younger brothers.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 385

Upon what shall we perforate this skin?

Toward the setting of the sun

There is an adolescent youth of our enemies.

It is upon that youth we shall perforate this skin.
When we perforate this skin upon that youth,

It shall be easy for us to do our perforating.

Upon what shall we perforate this skin?

It is the adolescent maiden

Upon whom we shall perforate this skin.

When we shall perforate this skin upon that maiden,
It shall be easy for us to do our perforating.

Upon what shall we perforate this skin, the people asked.
It is the man of our enemies who is honored for his valor
Upon whom we shall perforate this skin.

When we perforate this skin upon the valorous man,

It shall be easy for us to do our perforating.

Upon whom shall we perforate this skin?
It is the woman of our enemies who has given birth to her first child
Upon whom we shall perforate this skin.
When we perforate this skin upon that woman,
It shall be easy for us to do our perforating, as we travel the path of
life, O younger brothers, they said to one another.
(See 39th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 63, lines 2-73.)

Ki’no® Wi'gi-e, The Ritual of Painting the Xo’ka of the Tsi’zhu Wa’no®

The people spake to one another, saying: What shall the little ones
use to paint their bodies?

They gathered together four stones,

Which they arranged in a pile, leaning one against the other.

They gathered together the small dead branches of the surrounding
trees

And broke them to pieces, making a din of crackling sounds.

They thrust the pieces of dead branches underneath the stones and in
the spaces between them.

They set fire to the pile of dead branches and the stones

And made the air to tremble and vibrate with the flames and heat.

The darkened sides of the heavens

They made to redden with the glow of the flames and the heat.

They spake to one another, saying: Let the little ones use the fiery
glow upon yonder heavens as a paint for their bodies.

The people of the Tsi’ zhu Who Possess Seven Fireplaces

386 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 100

Became stricken with the fiery glow, that left no part of their bodies
untouched.

They spake to one another, saying: What beneficent power shall this
sacred fire draw toward us?

They said: The red shield,

Let the sacred fire draw toward us.

When the sacred fire draws toward us the red shield,

Then, when our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun

Come against us with weapons in countless numbers,

Their weapons shall fail to strike the little ones.

The red shield,

Let the sacred fire draw toward us.

Then, when our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun

Come against us with sharp weapons standing out from their bodies in

countless numbers,

The little ones shall always be able to ward off the weapons, sending
them away in forked lines.

The red shield,

Let the sacred fire draw toward us.

Then, when our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun

Come against us with sharp weapons in countless numbers,

The little ones shall always be able to ward off the weapons, making
them to glance away on either side.

The red shield,

Let the sacred fire draw toward us.

Then when our enemies who dwell toward the setting sun

Come against us with sharp weapons in countless numbers,

We shall be able to ward off the weapons of our enemies, they said to
one another.

(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 242-243.)

Ki'no® Wi'gi-e, The ritual for decorating the Xo’ka with sacred symbols
(Tsiizhu Wa/‘no®)

They spake to one another, saying: What shall the little ones use for a
girdle?

The hair of the young buffalo

They shall use as a girdle.

When the little ones use the hair of the young buffalo as a girdle,

They shall free themselves from all causes of death.

They spake to one another, saying: What shall the little ones use for a
neckband?

The hair of the young buffalo

They shall use as a neckband.

When the little ones use the hair of the young buffalo as a neckband,

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 387

They shall have a neckband that will free them from all causes of
death.

They spake to one another, saying: Behold this mussel shell,

Which the little ones shall use as a gorget pendant.

It was the mussel

Who traveled up the river, forcing his way against the current,

When coming to a shallend part of the river he said: Behold these
rushing waters,

I have not made Gers without a purpose.

I have made them to be the means of reaching old age.

When the little ones use these waters, they shall free themselves from
all causes of death.

Behold the waves of the river,

I have made them to be the means of reaching old age.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

They shall live to see old age.

Behold the hollow bed of the river,

I have not made it without a purpose.

When the little ones make of it the hollow of their own bodies,

They shall free the hollow of their bodies from all causes of death.

Behold the swift current of the river,

I have not made it without a purpose.

When the little ones make of it their windpipe,

They shall free their windpipe from all causes of death.

Behold the ripples upon the surface of the river,

I have not made them without a purpose.

When the little ones make of me their bodies,

They shall always live to see their breasts wrinkled with age.

He spake again, saying: And it so happens

That in my travel I come to the days that are calm and peaceful.

So shall it happen with the little ones; they shall also reach and enter
the days that are calm and peaceful.

(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 247, lines 2-37.)

Mi Wi'gi-e, The Sun Ritual (Tsi’zhu Wa’no")

The god that never fails to appear at the beginning of day

Has upon its left side

Six rays that are like stripes in appearance.

These six rays

I have made to be symbols,

Symbols of the valorous deeds spoken of as o-do™.

When the little ones make of these six rays the symbols of their
o-do™,

They shall enable themselves to count with accuracy their o-do™.

388 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

Upon the right side of that god there are seven rays that are in appear-
ance like stripes.

These seven rays also

I have made to be symbols,

Symbols of the valorous deeds spoken of as o-do™.

I have made all of these six and seven rays to be symbols of the
valorous deeds spoken of as o-do™.

When the little ones use these rays for counting their o-do™ as they
travel the path of life,

They shall enable themselves to count with accuracy their o-do”.

(See 39th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 170-171, lines 2-16.)

Mi'xa-cka Wi-gi’e (White Swan Ritual), a life symbol of the Wa-ga’be
(Black Bear) gens

We have no ceremonial articles;

Let search be made for materials to be used in making them.

They moved forward and spake to one who had made of the Puma
his body,

Saying: O younger brother,

Go thou and make search.

In a short time he hastened away.

The people spake, saying: There are signs that our younger brother
is returning.

Some of the brothers hastened out to speak to him.

In response to their inquiries, the Puma said: O elder brothers,

Verily, there is an animal of some kind

In yonder place.

The elder brothers replied: Our younger brother has said

That an animal of some kind is in yonder place.

Make haste, the people said,

That we may send him to the abode of spirits.

It matters not whose little one this animal may be,

Verily, we are a people who spare none of the enemy.

They moved forward with quickened footsteps;

They made one ceremonial pause.

At the fourth

The Puma spake, saying: There he stands, O elder brothers.

The elder exclaimed: I have spoken; we shall send him to the abode of
spirits!

Then he thrust his index finger into his mouth,

Quickly withdrew it, and pointed it at the animal.

The bird fell in death to the ground, its feathers strewing the earth.

The people hastened to the bird,

And spake to one another, saying: O elder brothers,

It is a swan, O elder brothers,

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 389

A white swan,
A bird fit for a symbolic article.
Behold its feet are dark in color.
The tip of its bill is dark.
Its feathers are white.
From this bird also we shall take our personal names;
White Swan shall be to us a personal name.
White-bird shall also be a personal name to us.
This shall be the name of the little ones.
White-feather shall be a personal name.
Behold the dark color of its feet,
That we shall use as a symbol.
When we go toward the setting sun against our enemies,
That color shall be represented by charcoal.
When the little ones use the charcoal as a sign of their supplications,
Their prayers shall never fail to be heard.
We have killed the white swan.
Behold the curved neck of the bird.
Of this we shall make a standard.
When we use it as a standard and go against our enemies,
The little ones shall not fail to overcome their enemies as they travel
the path of life.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 229-231, lines
307-368.)

Mo?-i"ka-zhi"-ga Wi-gi’e, The Ritual of the Little Earth (Puma gens)

The Hoga people who possess seven fireplaces

Spake to one another, saying: O younger brothers,

It is not possible for the little ones to dwell upon the surface of the
water.

The Ho”ga Wa’tse-ga-wa set forth with quickened footsteps

Toward an open prairie where trees grew not,

And there, as he paused and stood,

He beheld a man, standing plainly in sight,

With uplifted hand, and fingers divided,

Giving the hand a cloven, forked appearance.

Wa’ tse-ga-wa, returning in haste, spake,

Saying: A man stands yonder, O elder brothers.

To this they replied: It matters not what man’s son he may be,

Let us send him to the abode of the spirits.

With firm resolve they hastened forward.

The leader, with his index finger moistened between his lips,

To slay the man by pointing at him with it.

As the brothers came close to him

He spake, saying: I am a Ho™ga;

390 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

I am Hon’ga Mon-i’ka-zhi"ga, The Little Earth.

I am he who is never absent from movements of importance.

I am about to give you things that will cause you to be heartily grate-
ful, O elder brothers.

The elder brothers spake, saying:

It is certain by the signs that our younger brother

Is about to perform some important deed.

The Little Earth brought forward a bit of dark soil and offered it to
the brothers,

Saying: I give this to you; it will satisfy your hearts’ longings.

When you use it (as a sacred symbol) in offering your supplications

Your prayers shall always be readily granted.

When in the dawning of the day

You put upon your face a bit of the dark soil

And shed tears of longing, even before the sun has risen to the height
of your houses,

Your prayers shall be readily granted.

But, beware of closing your eyes, while yet this sign is upon your face,

For then you shall cause yourself to fail to reach old age.

Then Wa’tse-ga-wa brought forth a bit of blue soil,

Saying: This is a gift, and by its use upon your face

You shall never fail to secure the fulfillment of your desires.

Little-earth sank into the ground as though gulped in by it.

When he reappeared he gave to the brothers a bit of red soil,

Saying: When you put this on your face,

You shall not shed tears; if you do, there are penalties that I shall
make you suffer.

But as you go forth to the setting sun you shall succeed with ease in
making your enemies fall in death.

Again a fourth time he sank into the earth.

Reappearing, he gave to the brothers a bit of yellow earth,

Saying: You shall carry this with you as you offer your supplications,
as you go forth to the setting sun,

And when the fair captive you find and take,

Upon his face put this bit of earth as a captive sign, O elder brothers.

With this bit of soil the fair captive you shall always succeed in finding
and taking.

(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 116, lines 2-51.)
Mo’-thi"-ka zhi"-ga Wi’-gi-e, Ritual of the Little Earth, gifts from the
Mo*-shko® (Crawfish) of the Ni-ki-no®-ko" rite, Ho"-ga division

There was a man whose name was Little Earth.
He appeared before the people with a cloven hand uplifted,
In which he held a bit of the dark soil of the earth,

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 391

Which he offered to the people as he spake,

Saying: This bit of the dark soil of the earth

They shall carry when they go to offer their supplications.
Then shall their prayers be readily granted, O elder brothers.
When the people of the Wa-zha’-zhe and of the Tsi’-zhu
Put it upon their faces as they offer their supplications,
Then, even before the sun has risen to the height of their houses,
Their prayers shall be readily granted.

Although that may be,

When they put it upon their faces,

They shall not close their eyes in sleep,

When they close their eyes in sleep,

They shall shorten their lives as men.

A bit of the blue soil of the earth

He brought forth and stood offering it to the people.

This bit of the blue soil of the earth

They shall carry when they go to offer their supplications.

When they carry this bit of blue earth as they offer their supplications,
When they go forth against their enemies,

Their prayers shall be readily granted.

He brought forth a bit of red soil of the earth.

And stood offering it to the people.

This bit of the red soil

They shall carry when they go to offer their supplications.
The people of the Wa-zha’-zhe and the Tsi’-zhu

Shall use this bit of red earth as they offer their supplications.
When they use it as they offer their supplications,

Even before the sun rises to the height of their houses,
Their prayers shall be readily granted.

Although that may be,

When they put it upon their faces,

They shall not shed tears.

He brought forth a bit of the yellow soil of the earth
And stood offering it to the people.

This bit of the yellow soil of the earth

Shall be used in offering their supplications

By the people of the Wa-zha’-zhe and the Tsi’-zhu,
So that their prayers may always be readily granted,
When they go to seek the fair captives,

They shall put this bit of yellow earth upon his face.

392 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109
Ni Wi'’-gi-e, Ritual of the Water (River)
I

One who belonged to the Wa-zha’-zhe of the seven sacred fireplaces,

Who had made the water to be his flesh (a trope for life),

Spake, saying: Behold, the right side of the body of the river,

That I have taken to be the right side of my body.

If the little ones also take the right side of the body of the river to be
the right side of their body,

They shall remove from themselves all causes of death.

And if they make that side of the body of the river to be the means by
which to reach old age,

They shall live to see old age.

II

Behold, the hollow of the back (bed) of the river,

I have made to be the hollow of my back.

If the little ones also made the back of the river to be their back,
They shall live to see old age.

III

Behold, the left side of the body of the river,

That I have made to be the left side of my own body.

If the little ones also make the left side of the body of the river to be
the left side of their body,

They shall live to see old age.

IV

Behold, the channel of the river,

That I have made to be the cavity of my body.

If the little ones also make the channel of the river to be the cavity of
their body,

The little ones shall remove from themselves all causes of death,

And if they make it to be the means by which to reach old age,

They shall live to see old age, my younger brothers,

The people of the Ho™-ga and those of the Tsi’-zhu,

Their little ones shall live to see old age.

Tsizhu Wa-no® Wigi-e of the Child Naming

The Tsi’zhu, a people who have seven fireplaces, spake,
Saying: O younger brothers,

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols,
To the Sho’ka Wa-ba-xi (the Chief Messenger),

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 393

The Chief Messenger

Hastened to the

God of Day (the Sun), who sitteth in the heavens,

And returned with him to the people.

They spake to the God of Day, saying: O grandfather,

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.

The God of Day quickly replied: It is well you sent for me.

Of all the groups of gods,

I am a god by myself.

The little ones shall make of me their symbols.

There is not one who has the power to see my path,

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to see their path in life’s journey.

There is not one who has power to cross my path.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to cross their path.

What one is there who can stand in my way to prevent my going?

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to stand on their way to prevent
their going.

The Chief Messenger

Hastened to the

Goddess of Night (the Moon, who sitteth in the heavens),
And returned with her to the people.

They spake to her, saying: O grandmother,

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.
The Goddess of Night replied: It is well you sent for me.

Of all the groups of gods,

I am a god by myself.

There is not one who has power to see my path,

When the little ones make of me their symbols.

There is not one who shall be able to see their path.

There is not one who has power to cross my path.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to cross their path.

What one is there who can stand in my way to prevent my going?
When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to stand in their way.

The Chief Messenger

Hastened to the

Star of Day (the Morning Star), who sitteth in the heavens,
And returned with him to the people.

They spake to the Star of Day, saying: O grandfather,

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.

394 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULE. 109

The Star of Day replied: It is well you sent for me.

The little ones shall make of me their symbols.

Of all the groups of gods,

Iam a god by myself.

There is not one who shall be able to see their path.

There is not one who has power to cross my path,

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to cross their path.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to stand in their way to prevent
their going.

The Chief Messenger

Hastened to the

Star of Night (the Evening Star), who sitteth in the heavens,

And returned with her to the people.

They spake to her, saying: O grandmother,

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.

The Star of Night replied: It is well you sent for me.

Of all the groups of gods,

lama god by myself.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to see their path,

There is not one who has power to cross my path,

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to cross their path.

What one is there who can stand in my way to prevent my going?

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to stand in their way to prevent
their going.

The Chief Messenger

Hastened to the

Litter (Great Bear), who stands in the midst of the heavens,
And returned with him to the people.

They spake to Litter, saying: O grandfather,

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.
The Litter replied: It is well you sent for me.

Of all the groups of gods,

I am a god by myself.

The little ones shall make of me their symbols.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to see their path.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to cross their path.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 395

What one is there who can stand in my way to prevent my going?

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to stand in their way to prevent
their going.

The Chief Messenger

Hastened to

Ta-pa’, Deer-head (Pleiades), who stands in the heavens,

And returned with her to the people.

They spake to her, saying: O grandmother,

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.

Deer-head replied: It is well you sent for me.

Of all the groups of gods,

I am a god by myself.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is no one who shall be able to see their path.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to cross their path.

What one is there who can stand in my way to prevent my going?

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to stand in their way to prevent
their going.

The Chief Messenger

Hastened to

Ta Tha’bthi®, Three-deer (Orion’s belt), who sitteth in the heavens,

And returned with him to the people.

They spake to him, saying: O grandfather,

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.

The Three-deer replied: Of all the groups of gods,

I am a god by myself.

The little ones shall make of me their symbols.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to cross their path,

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to stand in their way to prevent
their going.

The Chief Messenger
Hastened to
Mi-ka’k’e U-ki-tha-c’i", Double-star (theta and iota in Orion), who
sitteth in the heavens,
And returned with her to the people.
They spake to her, saying: O grandmother,
The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.
67025 —32——26

396 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

Double-star replied: It is well you sent for me.

Of all the groups of gods,

I am a god by myself. |

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to see their path,

There is not one who has power to cross my path,

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to cross their path.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to stand in their way to prevent
their going.

The Chief Messenger

Hastened to

Mi-ka’k’e zhu-dse, Red-star (Pole star), who sitteth in the heavens,

And returned with him to the people.

They spake to him, saying: O grandfather,

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.

Red-star replied: It is well you sent for me.

Of all the groups of the gods,

I am a god by myself.

The little ones shall make of me their symbols.

There is not one who has power to see my path,

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to see their path.

There is not one who has power to cross my path.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is not one who shall be able to cross their path.

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

There is no one who shall be able to stand in their way to prevent
their going.

The Chief Messenger

Hastened to

The side of the heavens,

Where lay Sho™ge, the Dog (Sirius), as though suspended in the sky,
And returned with him to the people.

They spake to him, saying: O grandfather,

The little ones have nothing of which to make their symbols.
The Dog replied: The little ones shall make of me their symbols.
Behold the tip of my nose.

It is not placed there without a purpose;

I have placed it there for chasing away other gods;

I use it for keeping other gods from entering my house,

When the little ones make of me their symbols,

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 397

They shall use it to chase away other gods.
Behold the hair on the crown of my head grown thin;
It has not grown thin without a purpose;
I have made it to be a sign of old age.
When the little ones make of me their symbols,
They shall see in their whitened hair,
The sign of old age.
Then there comes a time,
When a calm and tranquil day comes upon me,
So there shall come upon the little ones a calm and peaceful day as
they travel the path of life.
(See 43d Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 75.)

Wa-no”-ce a-ba-cu Wi-gi-e, Pertaining to the Attack

O ye valiant men,

There is a person whom they made to be their weapon.

He is the great hawk.

My grandfather (the hawk) is a fear-inspiring weapon.

Even with a slight stroke of his wing he will disable his prey,
So that it can not escape beyond the brow of the nearest hill.

There is another person whom they made to be their weapon.
He is the crow.
My grandfather (the crow)
Is a person to whom nothing is beyond understanding.
He flies swiftly through and through the dense forests,
And as swiftly he makes his way through the carrion upon which he
feeds.
When, before the break of day,
I make him to be a weapon for you,
Your weapons shall not be ineffective.
Or, when in the evening of the day,
I make him to be a weapon for you,
Your weapons shall not be ineffective, O valiant men.
(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 295-296.)

Wa-tse-gi-tsi Wi-gi-e, Ritual Man from the Stars

The people spake to one another, saying: O younger brother,

We are a people who spare none of our foes,

Who are never absent from any important movement.

Thus they spake to the one who had of the Puma his body,

Saying: O, younger brother,

Even as these words were spoken, the Puma went forth.

After a time the people said: There are signs that our younger
brother is returning.

398 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

Stumbling, tripping again and again, he hastens homeward.

Some of the brothers hastened to meet him and speak to him.

In response to their inquiries, the Puma spake, saying:

Yonder stands a man, O elder brothers,

Whose appearance excites fear,

Who is like us in form.

Then the people spake, saying, O younger brothers,

I have said we are a people who spare none of our foes,

Who are never absent from any important movement.

Whoever this man may be,

We shall send him to the abode of spirits.

It matters not whose little one he may be,

We shall make him to lie low.

In the direction of the man they hastened.

When they made the fourth ceremonial pause,

The Puma spake, saying: There he stands, O elder brothers!

We shall send him to the abode of the spirits, said the people.

They thrust their index fingers into their mouths,

To moisten them and give them killing power.

The man spake, saying:

J am Ho”-ga (a sacred person), O elder brothers, he stood saying.

He speaks our language clearly, said the Puma.

Iam a Ho” ga, the stranger continued, who has come from the midst
of the stars,

O elder brothers. ,

Young-chief is my name,

Star-chief is my name,

Radiant-star is my name,

Star-that-travels is my name.

It is well, the people said.

The stranger continued: Young-chief

Is a name you shall use;

Radiant-star is also a name you shall use;

In giving you these names I give you cause to be grateful and happy,
O elder brothers.

The people spake to one another, saying:

We shall henceforth banish from our midst all anger and hatred.

The names he has offered us we shall accept as ours.

This man speaks our language fluently;

The name Speaks-fluently shall also be ours.

You say this man is like a stranger;

From that also we shall make a name for ourselves.

Sacred stranger we shall make to be our name.

(See 36th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., pp. 228-229, lines

239-304.)

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 399

Xo*’-dse, The Cedars

On the brink of a precipice
Stood a cedar,
Sighing where he stands in his chosen place,
Saying: Here, upon the brink of this precipice, I stand, in order that
the little ones may make of me their medicine.
In the midst of all the four winds,
Whichever way the winds blew,
He sent forth with pleasing fragrance,
Saying: Behold the base of my trunk (the roots)
Which I have made to be the sign of my old age.
When the little ones make of me their symbol,
They shall live to see the toes of their feet gnarled with age.
Behold the wrinkles of my ankles,
Behold my outspreading branches;
These I have made to be the signs of my old age.
When the little ones make of these their symbols,
In their ankles and limbs there shall be no cause of death.
Behold the downward bend of the tops of my branches;
These are the signs of my old age.
With these as symbols
The people shall live to see their shoulders bent with age.
Behold the feathery tops of my branches;
These are the signs of my old age.
When the little ones make of these their symbols,
They shall live to see their hair whitened and feathery with age as they
travel the path of life.
So stands the cedar to be used as medicine by the little ones.
(See 39th Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 241, lines 75-106.)

SAYINGS AND EXPRESSIONS

A’-ba-ta pa-xe ta mi-kshe 0; ka-wa a-ba wo"-da ha-ba o"-tha-tse ta
a-ba. I will make a fence, then the horse will not eat my corn.

Be mi®-dse kshe thi kchi’-xe a(?) Who made the bow for you?

Be ni-ka-shi-ga u-she xtsi gthe-btho"-do-ba ts’e the tse the go" dsi.
There are not many men these days who can kill forty deer a season.

Be thi®-kshe a-zha-zhi® bi, wa-zhi-ga tsi-he ga-xe wa-k’tsi-o"-ge
thi®-kshe. Who do you suppose instructs the birds how to build
their nests?

Be wa-dsu-ta tho-ta a-thi® gthi® do" no®"-pe-hi tse. Who that has
tame animals would be hungry for meat.

Da’-do® stsi-wi® ta ni kshe a(?) What will you buy?

Do k’e shi a(?) Have you been to dig potatoes?

E’-cka ta-cka o®-to" bi ko" e-bthe o(.) I wish we had sheep.

400 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 100

E-cka u-thi-to®-tha a-bthi® mi kshe ko" e-bthe 0; to-ba a-gi" bthe tse
cka. I wish I had a wagon, I would go and bring some salt.

E-sho ba’-the do" o0’-gi-k’i no" bi o(.) They feed them in winter.

E sho"-mi-ka-ci u-thi"-ge no" bi o(.) They catch wolves.

E-sho ta-cka shki o°-to" bi do" ha-xi" ha i-da-be ga-xe ta bi e-¢ka.
And if we had sheep they could make blankets and cloth.

Gu-dsi ni-ka-shi-ga a-ba ta gthe-btho® hiu no®-ba no® ts’e-the no” bi o.
Formerly men killed two hundred deer apiece.

Ha’-ba k’i® we-hi-dse a-gthe ko"-btha thi®-ge o(.) I do not wish to
have to carry my own corn far.

Ha-to™ do" tha-gthe ta tse a(?) When will you start?

Ha-to™ dsi tha tsi a(?) When did you start?

Hi®-ge ta cka ha-xi" i-ga-xe no" bi o(.) Blankets are made of sheep
wool.

Ho®-ba the da-do® ha-xi" ha i-da-be o°-tho"-thi-wi" ta ba thi"-ge o(.)
Nowadays we have nothing with which to buy blankets and cloth.

Ho’-wa ge a-the ta i te ts’a-bi-do" i-ba-ho" a-zhi a-ba o(.) They do
not know where they will go when they die.

Ho-wa-gi tha-thi®-she shki i-thi-the a-ka no" no” e e-sho ta-do" ha-zho®
ke shki ¢a’ni i-the e-ba no" e. Wherever you are and whatever
you do God sees you.

Ho’-wa gi to” tha-tsi a(?) Where did you come from?

Ho-we ni-ckiu o-tsi-e tho. Yes, there is plenty of salt.

l’-xo-ba zhi thi® ha o(.) Do not tell lies.

Ka’-wa u-gi-dse a-thi" he o. I am hunting my horse.

Ka’-wa a-ba wa-shko® gtho"-tha bi o(.) Horses are strong.

Ka’-wa tha-gthi® 0°-k’i bio(.) He gave me a fine horse.

Ka’-wa thi-ta k’o"-ga-gi o(.) Your horse is swift.

Ko"? Wa-ko"-da thi-ga-xe a-ka wa-zhi"-ga ho, wa-gthu-shka zhi"-ga
i-da-be shki wa-ga-xe a-ka. The God who made you made the
birds, fishes, and insects.

Ko", Wa-ko"-da, mi-o"-ba mo®-zho" i-da-be wa-ga-xe a-ka e-no™ wa-
k’tsi-o"-ge a-ka 0. The God who made the sun, moon, and the
earth instructs the birds.

Mi be’ thi-k’i a(?) Who gave you a blanket?

Mi wi’-e bthi-wi" 0(.) I bought a blanket.

Mo*-ce-we to" ga a-ka mo®-i"-ka gtho"-the ha thi-to"-be a-ka o(.)
With a plow a large piece of ground may be broken up.

Mo”-hi" thi-ta ho-wa(?) Where is your knife?

Mo”-hi" to"-ga a-ba to" bi no" hi" a(?) Have the Americans come?

Mo”™-hi" to"-ga sho"-ge i-ta bi we-tha-the cka a(?) Did you ever see
American dogs?

Mo®-ta-no"-dsi zho" i-tha’¢gi 0; a’-no"-ko-ge a-ba e tha-gthi" bi o(.)
I hate to sleep on the ground; a floor is good.

Mo? thi’-ta tha-gthi" o(.) Your arrows are good.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 401

Mo?-xe’-the u-mo"-ka bi o(.) They are easily deceived.

Mo?-zho® ho-wa-ge ta-tha-bthe ta ni-kshe a(?) Where will you hunt?

Mo?-zho® o*-mo*-kshe ho"-xtsi-o" te i-ba-ho® a-zhi a-ba a(.) They
do not know what sort of a world the next is.

Ni-gkiu’-e to"-ga e i-kshe shi e-cka. Have your ever been to the
Grand Saline?

Ni‘dsi a-tha bio. She has gone for water.

Ni’-ka-shi-ga no" a-ba ho"-ba ta ts’e tha bi e-cka. How did the old
men kill deer?

Ni’-ka-shi-ga we-ki-k’o” to" a-ba da-do® shki hiu ga-xe tho?’tse a-ba.
People who have tools are able to make a great many things.

No”™-ha bthe-ka tsi-zhe-be pa-xe ta mi kshe 0; Sho?-ge tsi bi ko®-btha
thi®-ge of.) I will make a door of boards; I do not want the dogs
to come in.

O’-ga-xe thi®-ge hiu a-ta-bthe 0(.) Ihave hunted often to no profit.

O’-mo"-ka we-ki-k’o" tha-gthi" we-thi-to"-be. It is easy to work with
good tools.

O®-tsi bi a-ba dsiu-tha bi a, o"-zha ha-o"-k’o" ta bi thi®-ge o. Our
families are ragged, but it is not in our power to help.

O-thi’ to"-tha a-ni-a-do" zho® to’-gtho" tse wa-ts’e-ga o(.) Having a
wagon, it is easy to haul wood.

O-xtha-be gi wa-ca’-be o-xthe i-tha’-ci o(.) I hate to follow the black
bear through the thickets.

Pi’-zhi-o, Wa-ko®-da o-wa-ki-a bi hiu-the i-ba ho" a-zhi tse. It is bad
not to know the talk which God has sent to us.

Pi’-zhi tse tha-gthi® tse e-tho"-ba i-ba-ho" a-zhi a-ba o(.) They do not
know what is good and what is evil.

Sho”’- ge hiu 0®-ga-thi® o®-ga thi" o(.) We have a great many dogs.

Sho"-ge o°-gu-ta a-ba pi-ba zhi bi o, e-sho® wo?-thi-gi-hi shki o" bi
o(.) Our dogs are good for nothing and cross.

Sho’-mi-ka-ci a-ba ts’e the ta bi e-cka. The wolves would perhaps
kill them.

Sho™-mi-ka-ci ts’e on"the ta bi e-cka. I think we could kill the
wolves.

Sho-she e-zha-mi mo?-hi® to"-ga thu-wa-ts’e-ga i-k’u-tsa ba-zhi i-tse
o(.) I wonder the Americans do not try to tame big game (buffalo).

Ta’-bthe bthe o(.) I am going hunting.

Ta-cka’ a-ba wa-dsu-ta tha-gthi* bio(.) Sheep are good animals.

Ta-ha ha’-no" wa-ni ni kshe a(?) How many deerskins have you?

Ta he-be o?-k’i o(.) Give me a piece of meat.

Ta’ wi? a-ku-dse 0. I shot a deer.

Ta wi? ge mi®-dse i ts’e tha the g¢ka a(?) Did you ever kill a deer with
an arrow?

Thi shki a-thi-thi" a-gtha-bi do" thi-ho® gi-tha gthi" tho"-tse a hi".
If you should be carried off, would your mother be happy?

402 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY > [BULL. 109

Tho*-zha sho®-ge a-ba shki ta-¢ka ts’e the no" bi o(.) But dogs also
kill sheep.

Tse-do’-ga o-thi-to"-tha k’i" do"-ha ba tho" tse a(?) Would buffalo
draw well in a wagon?

Tse wi" i-tha-the o(.) I saw a buffalo.

Tse’-xe ho-wa ge stsiu-ce a(?) Where did you get the kettle?

Tsi ca-gi ko"-btha pe-dse u-dse-the pa-xe ta mi kshe o(.) Sho-dse
i-tha-ci o(.) I want a firm house. I will make achimney. I hate
smoke.

Tsi wi-ta tse a-shka dsi o-we pa-xe ta mi-kshe 0; we-hi-dse wa-thito"
the tse pi zhi o(.) I will build my house near to my field; it is bad
to have to go so far to work.

Tsi zhe’-be wi’ ta tse ko-ko-ci tho-ge ko"-btha 0. I want to have hogs
in sight of my door.

U’-shko® thi pi-zhi do® be a-ba shki i-thi-¢i ta bi o(.) If your ways
are bad everybody will dislike you.

Wa-diu-ta ho-wa-the shki 0°-thi-hi-da bi, wa-xpa-thi” o°-tha bi pi-zhi 0;
Wa-ga’-xe a-ka we-tha-bi do" gi-ba-ko" ta a-ka o(.) It is wicked to
torment any kind of animal; when the Creator sees it He will be
angry.

Wa-dsu-ta thi"-geo. There is no game.

Wa-gthe’-ce a-ka a da-do" the a-ka 0, o-zho"-ge tha-gthi" kshe wa-to"-i"
ga-xe a-ka o. The Scriptures are a light which discovers the good
path.

Wa-k’o a-ba wa-thi-to"i-ga ¢kige no" bio(.) Itis fatiguing to women
to work in the field.

Wa-k’o™-ci thi"-ge do" sho"-ge da-do® u-thi-ko" ta be tse a(?) When
there is no game, of what use are the dogs? (Applied to hunting.)
Wa-ko®-da thi-ga-xe do da-do® a-ni-ge thi-k’i thi®-kshe i-thi-gtho" thi"

ha. Think of God who made you and gave you all you know.

Wa-ko”-da wa-ga-xe thi®-kshe i-ba-ho" ba-zhi a-ba 0. They do not
know God the Creator.

Wa-ko"-da wi-zhi®-ge sho"-be o°-the no® ta bi 0; e-sho o°-shka-da bi ge
da-do" shki o-k’o" thi®-ge ts’e o°-tha ba-zhi no" tse. Therefore, my
son, we should let the animals alone and should kill nothing for
sport.

Wa-wa’-tha-da do” wa-thi’-gtho" u-tsi thi-ga-xe ba e-sho u-shko" tha-
ethi® thi-ga-xe shki o® ta a-ka. His (God’s) laws make you wise
and good.

Wa-zhi®-ga ba shki e-go" a-ba 0; zhi®-ga wa-thi® a-gtha bi do" gi-sho"
ba zhi no® bi o(.) It is the same with the little birds; when the
young are carried off the mother bird is distressed.

We’-ki-k’o" tha-gthi® a-thi® do" ha-cka ga-xe u’-mo"-ka a bio. With
good implements they say it is easy to make cotton cloth.

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 403

Wi-zhi"-ge the go*-dsi wa-gthe-ge tha-dse i-k’u-ta thi" ha o(.) My
son, try now to learn to read.

Wi-zhi"-ge, thi-tha-dsi thi-ho® e-tho" ba tha-k’e-wa-gi tha 0; da a bi
ki zhi e-go" no" 0. My son, love your father and mother; do what
they bid you.

ZhiY-ga zhi"-ga a-wa’-gi-to"-be o"-sho"-mo"-zhi 0; da-do" tha-tse
a-wa-gi-the thi’-ge do". I have been sorry to look at my children,
having nothing to give them to eat.

Zhi?-ga zhi"-ga o-shko® pi-zhi zho-wa-gtha zhi thi hau. Go not with
bad children.

Zhi®-ga-zhi"-ga wi'-gi-e wa-no"-k’o" gi-tha-gthi® bi o(.) He (God) is
pleased to hear children pray.

Zho® a-ki-k’o" he tsi wi" a ki-pa-xe ta mi-kshe o(.) I intend making a
log house for myself.

Zho® k’i* a-gthi" bio(.) She has come carrying wood.

Zho® k’i" shki o-o" wa-tse-x1 o(.) Carrying wood is also hard work.

Zho®-no" 0°-tho?-go"-ga mo"-zhi a-gthi o(.) I have returned weary
without anything.

STORIES

Origin of the Whistle Wa-xo-be

There were four brothers who took care of and protected their
aged parents. Two of the brothers were married. One day, when the
ate of the tribe were about to go on a buffalo hunt, these four

rothers held a consultation and agreed to stay at home and continue
to look out for their parents. After the war party had gone the
brothers took their parents and moved to a part which they knew to
be full of black bears. Here they pitched their camp in the woods.
While these brothers were gone on a hunt they returned one day and
found their parents had been slain by a war party and the wigwams
burned.

The three older brothers decided to follow the trail of the enemy
and take revenge for the death of their parents. The younger brother
had gone some distance away and refused to join the brothers. Upon
being asked why he refused he said he would join them if they made
him the leader. This wasdone. All were satisfied with the arrange-
ments, so they started with the new leader in pursuit of the enemy.
Not only did the younger brother act as leader, but did all the scout
work, and, in company with his dog, found the trail fresher the farther
he went. Each evening the young scout reported to his brothers.
On one day he hurriedly came and reported that he had found the
camp of the enemy. Much to the surprise of the brothers, a pack of
gray wolves was with the young man. All started for the attack.
Stealthily they approached the camp, the men giving war cries and
the wolves howls, and the charge was made. This caused a panic in

404 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 109

the camp and the enemy fled, but the wolves were too swift for them;
they caught the men sometimes by threes, while the brothers clubbed
them to death. Thus the four brothers avenged the death of the
parents. In commemoration of the victory the brothers made the
Whistle Wa-xo-be, which is now in the National Museum at Wash-
ington, D. C.

Pa-hiu’-gtho"-ge (hair) Wa-xo-be

The Osage Tribe dwelt along the Missouri River. They had
planned a buffalo hunt. Among them were two young men who de-
cided not to go, but to remain at home and care for their aged parents.
When the tribe had gone the two young men moved their camp to a
place where they found game in plenty. Here they built a wigwam,
making their parents comfortable and keeping the home well supplied
with food. These young men belonged to the Mi-k’i” gens of the
tribe.

One day the younger man spoke to the father, saying: “J think I
can find a stray buffalo, so I am going out on my horse; if I do not
come home do not feel uneasy, because I will be safe.”” He rode away
and saw a buffalo, which he chased and killed. While in the act of
butchering it he was attacked by a war party and taken captive.
For many days the war party traveled westward until they reached
their own village.

In the home of the war leader the captive was subjected to many
abuses. As he stood bound to a tree some crows flew about him.
One stopped near him and said: ‘‘Keep up your courage; you shall
live to see your parents.’”’ During the afternoon a storm arose,
driving the people into their houses, where they were obliged to remain
for two days. From being tied up the young man became sore and
stiff, but in stretching himself he found the thongs with which he was
bound yielded to the pressure and without much effort slipped them
from his hands and ankles. It was his chance for escape. He
hurried to a cornfield, where he found ripening corn. Plucking some
of the ears, he hid himself, but not for long, for he heard the warriors
making search for him. Remembering the custom of his own people,
he thought it would be wise to seek protection in the home of the chief.
As he entered the village he saw a tent which was larger than the
others; this he took for the home of the chief and, hastening to it, sat
down in the doorway. The daughter of the chief, seeing the young
captive, asked her father to buy him, that she might have a brother,
but the captors would not part with the young man, not even for
horses or other goods. After entreaties on the part of the maiden the
father said: ‘‘ We will keep him; he is in the house of refuge and no one
can take him.’”? Having been assigned the place usually given the
son of a family, food and drink were placed before him; the mother,

LA FLESCHE] OSAGE DICTIONARY 405

assisted by the maiden, cut and made moccasins and leggings for him.
The father of the young woman hastily gathered the subordinate
chiefs to consult them, saying that this young man was to be treated
as if he were his own son. To this the subordinate chiefs agreed.

Being skilled in the hunting of buffalo and other small game, the
adopted son told his father he would do the hunting for him. Just as
other young women helped their brothers, so the chief’s daughter took
the pack horses for her adopted brother.

For two years this young man remained in the family of his adoption,
in the same tribe. One day, while alone with him, the young maiden
questioned him as to his own family and whether he would like to see
them. In reply he said he was contented in his new home, but would
like to see his parents. The chief, always desirous of pleasing his
daughter, yielded to her request and let the young man return to his
people, providing escorts for him so that no harm would befall him.
A few days’ journey brought the young Osage into his people’s country.
Here the escorts were excited at being in a strange land and did not
continue farther with the young man, but returned to their own camp.

One afternoon as he traveled alone he surprised an Osage who had
killed an elk and was preparing to cut it up. So intent was this man
upon his work that he did not notice the stranger, and for some time
he had lost his wits. Then the young captive gave his name and
asked: ‘‘Are my parents still iving?’”’ With some hesitancy the other
spoke: ‘‘The people whose names you mention are still living and well,
but you are dead; it is your spirit that has come back to trouble
me.”

Hearing the young man’s story, the hunter was satisfied, and,
packing his horse, led the way to the camp of the young man’s family.
The young captive was gladly embraced by his relatives, with the
exception of his older brother. To his father he gave of his horses.

Being at home, he again began to provide for his parents and to
care for them. During the long evenings he had many talks with his
father, asking questions concerning the rites of the people, chiefly
desiring to learn what was necessary in war and ceremonial organiza-
tion of a war party. Learning what he wanted to know, the young
man did not make his heart’s desire known to the No”-ho"-zhi-ga,
but appointed himself 2s Do-do?-ho®-ga without any men, and alone
went to No®-zhi"-zho (vigil), remaining six days. On the seventh day
he returned, selected the men he wished to accompany him on a war
party, telling them of the enemy he was going to attack, as they
were the ones who had captured and abused him.

Before starting the young leader made request for the wa-xo-be in
bis brother’s possession, but was refused, on the ground that he was a
ghost and not a brother, and it would be lost. Determined to go on
the war party, the young man was sure he could make up his own songs

406 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULE. 109

and wi-gi-e during the march, and his warriors being willing to go on
with him without the wa-xo-be, they went. He had with him the
spirit of revenge all the time.

As was planned, a night attack was made. Among the things taken
were the horses belonging to the chief who had adopted the young
man. These were returned to him, for which the chief showed
appreciation by signs. A young girl was captured by this war party
and scalped, her hair being used for the wa-xo-be, which is known as
the Pa-hiu-gtho"-ge Wa-xo-be. Victory being accomplished, the
young man returned to his village, and was met by his brother, who
wished to sing the songs of victory. Remembering how the wa-xo-be
had been refused him, the younger brother scorned the offer, saying
that he had his own songs and could make proper ceremonial entry
into the village. Permission was given by the No®-ho™-zhi"-ga to
make the scalp wa-xo-be.

May 7, 1916. This story, told by Wa-xthi-zhi, is substantially the
same, only the scalp wa-xo-be was worn by a warrior of the people
they attacked. He wore it on his shoulders when he was killed, and
the young leader took it. This version may be true, as the wa-xo-be
is made of bits from a number of scalps.

This wa-xo-be belonged to the Mi-k’i” Wa-no" and the Ho” I-ni-
ki-shi-ga.

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