.^v^RJ^% ^>^Tr^^^ Class b.?b.^.-.X2i- Number JV53.... Volume ^.....^^r^ X. Source .x'\o.'\ Accession No. \S"A"^S Bulletin 124 March, 1906 NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION THE Inspection of Feeding -Stuffs IN 1905 IN COOPERATION WITH THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND THE MECHANIC ARTS DURHAM AVERAGE C0:MP0S1T10N OE COMMON CATTLE FOODS. Water. Ash. Protein. Soluble Carbohy drates. Fibre. Fat. * Hay, red tup 8.9 * Hay, Timothy 13.2 * Hay, clover 15.3 * Hay, Hungarian 7.7 * Oat fodder 8.9 * Rye fodder, in bloom 8.5 * Corn stover ' 40.1 ! Corn silage 80.5 * Corn, N. H. Flint 10. 1 * Corn, Western Dent 10.6 * Corn meal 15.0 IT Hominy feed 9.0 * Oats, whole 11.0 IT Corn and oats, pure 12.0 § Wheat bran, spring 10.6 § Wheat bran, winter 11.7 IT Wheat middlings, white... n.3 IT Wheat middlings, brown.. 10.6 IT Wheat feed 10.8 IT Gluten feed 8.6 IT Gluten meal 8.8 X Distillers' Grains 8.8 X Brewers' Grains 8.0 J Malt sprouts 11.0 11 Linseed meal, old process 9.8 If Linseed meal, new process 9.1 IT Cottonseed meal 6.9 5.2 7.9 47.4 28.6 1 1.9 4.4 5.9 45.0 29.0 2.5 6.2 12.3 38.1 24.8 3.3 6.0 7.5 49.0 27.7 2.1 6.2 7.6 45.1 29.3 2.8 5.9 9.7 43.4 30.2 2.3 3 4 3.8 31.9 19.7 1.1 1.5 1.6 10.0 5.8 0.6 1.5 11.6 70.2 1.1 5.5 1.5 10.3 70.4 2.2 5.0 1.4 9.2 68.7 1.9 3.8 2.S 11.0 65 0 3.6 8.6 3.0 11.8 .59.7 9.5 5.0 2.2 9.8 68.5 3.3 4.2 6.0 16.3 53.0 9.4 4.7 5.9 15.2 54.8 8.5 3.9 2.7 15.8 62.5 3.5 4.2 3.8 17.8 57.0 5.5 5.3 4.3 17. C 58.1 5.1 4.7 1.2 26.3 53.4 6 9 3.6 0.7 35.5 50.3 1.6 3.1 1.8 32.1 34.9 11.0 11.4 3.8 23.1 49.4 10.8 4.9 5.8 27.1 42.6 11 9 1.6 5.5 33.9 35.7 7.3 7.8 5.8 .35.2 38. 4 8.5 3.0 7.2 44.6 25.1 5.6 10.6 * Composition of American Feeding Stuffs. Jenkins and Winton. t Analyses made at the N. H. Expt. Sta.. 1895-1899. § Penn. Expt. Sta. Bull. 48. IT Compiled from Feed Inspection Reports of various states. 4: Hatch Expt. Sta. Bull., No. 94. THE INSPECTION OF FEEDING-STUFFS IN 1905. BY FRED W. MORSE. The customary collection of commercial feeding-stnffs under the state law was made by the State Board of Asrri- culture and 106 different samples were drawn during the year in the sprino- and fall. These samples were delivered to the chemist of the Agricultural Experiment Station for analysis. There are published in this bulletin the results obtained on 84 different lots of commercial feeding-stuffs, after ex- cluding a number of duplicate samples, the composition of which was found to be correct. There were found to be three distinct classes of cotton- seed meal, according to the percentage of protein, being guaranteed respectively to contain 38.5 per cent., 11 per cent., and 43 per cent. Analysis showed further that two brands, viz.. Green Diamond and Phcenix, guaranteed to contain 43 per cent, protein, contained less than 41 per cent. The remaining seven samples were found to be equal to their guarantee. The prices were practically alike for all three grades: This is an injustice to the consumer because the lowest grade contains more lint and hulls than the highest grade. The consumer, however, can protect himself by reading the tags on the sacks. The different linseed meals were fully equivalent to the statements on their tags. The marked difference in compo- sition between the flax meal or new process and the old process meal in percentages of protein and fat should be kept in mind when buying them. If the meal is desired 148 INSPECTION OF FKEDIKG-STUFFS. for calves, the old process is by all means the better, because of its higher oil content. Gluten meal and gluten feed are both residues of corn left in the manufacture of corn starch and glucose. The important difference between them is the amount of hulls or bran. In gluten meal, the hulls are absent, while in gluten feed they are present, either in a coarse ov fine ground condition. This material causes a marked differ- ence in the bulk of the two feeding-stuffs and in the per- centage of protein. The manufacturers of these products have persistently overrated them in their statements of pro- tein. The meals Avill average about 33 per cent, and the feeds about 25 per cent., respectively, instead of 38 and 27, as often claimed in the past. Warner's Gluten Feed has persistently fallen below 25 per cent, since our inspection began. Distillers ' grains are a waste product in the manufacture of whisky and alcohol and are usually from corn. As much of the starch as possible has been converted into alcohol, leaving the hulls, germs and gluten of the kernels, together with more or less starch. Their composition is very similar to the gluten products in protein ; but is much higher in fat. and varies with the thoroughness with Avhich the alco- holic fermentation has been carried out. About 33 per cent, of protein and 11 per cent, of fat should be guaran- teed for these materials. One brand has guaranteed 36 per cent., but has never equalled it in our experience. Hominy feeds are from corn and differ from corn meal in having more protein, fat and fiber than the latter. They are uniformly good. The corn and oat feeds are evidently made up from inferior oats and by-products of the cereal mills, since they practically always contain more fiber than the whole grains ever show. Oat feeds are in most cases nothing but oat hulls, more or less finely ground, as is shown by their percentages of fiber. The samples collected were equal to the guarantees; but fine-ground oat fodder would be equally valuable. INSPECTION OF FEEDINCJ-STIFFS. 149 There are now on the market many mixtures of the vari- ous waste products of different grains, and they must neces- sarily be bouiiht on the basis of their guaranteed compo- sition. Such feeding-stuffs include Union Grains, Sucrene Feed, H-0 Dairy Feed, Quaker Dairy Feed and a number of others. It will be noted that most of these compounded feeds are fully equal to the claims made for them, while a few are positively low in both protein and fat. The per- centages of fiber in a few instances are high enough to indicate the presence of oat hulls, corncobs or similar mate- rial, as thev are above those for wheat bran. Two brands of so-called mixed feed were collected, which were not pure wheat products. One contained corncob and gave an exceptionally high fiber, while the other was made up largely of screenings, finely ground. They com- plied with the law in bearing proper labels, but one was inferior to its stated composition. COMPOSITIOX OF LICENSED CATTLE FOODS. INSPECTED IN 1905.— STANDARD BY-PRODUCTS. Brand. Manufactured by Protein. a o Fat. 5 3 Cottonseed Meal. Cottonseed Meal J. G. Falls & Co 41.6 Cottonseed Meal J. E. Soper & Co 38.5 Dixie Brand Humphreys, Godwin & Co 43.7 Green Diamond Chapin &Co 40.5 Magnolia Chas. M. Cox Co 42.6 Old Gold T. H. Bunch 43.2 Owl Brand F. W. Brodie & Co 44.1 Phcenix D. L. Marshall Co 40.6 Prime American Cotton Oil Co 39.38 Prime Hunter Bros. Milling Co 45.45 Prime N. Car. Cotton Oil Co 38.5 41. 38.5 41. 43. 43. 43. 43. 43. 41. 43. 38.6 Cleveland '. Old Process Old Proce.s.*4 Linseed Meal. 87.7 ' 38. American Linseed Co 35.7 32. Metzger Seed & Oil Co 30.2 | 30. Gluten Meal. Chicago. Cream .. Cream .. 33.54 38. 31.77 35.5 35.36 35.5 9.41 9 92 9.22 9.03 11.15 8.30' 11.82 7.91 10.83 9.10 7.30 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 9. 8. 1.92 1. 7.84, 5. 7.43i 5. 2.89i 3. 3.55 3. 4.70 3. 150 INSPECTION OF FEEDlXrj-STUFFS. LICENSED CATTLE FOOD^. —Conchided. Manufactured by- Protein. Fat. Brand. Found. Guar. '6 a o 3 0 Gluten Feed. Buffalo — Glucose Sugar Refining Co. Globe New York Glucose Cu Jenks Huron Milling Co Queen Tiger Brand St. Louis S^rupA Preserving Co. Warner's Warner Sugar Refining Co Distillers' Grains. Ajax Flakes Biles' Four Ex Grains Empire State Dairy Feed Chapin &Co... J. W. Biles Co. Hominy Feed. Hominy Feed Hunter Bros. Milling Co Hominv Feed Miner & Hillard Milling Co. Blue Ribbon J. E. Soper & Co Green Diamond Chapin & Co Niagara White .Meal. . Chapin & Co Paragon Chas. M. Cox Co Regular Toledo Elevator Co Wirthmore Chas. M. Cox Co 24.92 25. 4.05 25.12 27. 2.81 31.47 27. 8.21 20.98 27. 2.45 26.45 25. 4.02 22.40 25. 2.69 32.89 33. 12.81 34.83 10.26 26.97 36.2 11.23 11.09 11. 8.99 10.43 10. 8.99 10.36 11. 8.03 10.04 10. 8.34 11.04 10. 8.70 10.69 10.5 8.56 9.17 10.60 6.77 10.70 10.5 9.39 3. 3. 7.5 3. 3.75 3. 7.7 7.5 I ■ 7.5 8.27 7.5 COMPOUNDED CATTLE FOODS. Brand. Manufactured by Protein. Fat. •6 • a u a b 3 c3 3 ce O 3 O 3 fe 0 fe 0 3 O Blatchford's Calf Meal.... Biles' Ready Ration Union GraiDS Protena Sucrene Dairj- Feed Jersey Mixed Feed Peerless Mixed Feed Farmers' Fav. Cow Feed. Badger's Stock Feed Badger's Stock Feed Empire Feed Haskell's Stock Feed Quaker Dairy Feed Quaker Dair3' Feed Queen Stock'Feed Schumacher's Stock Food Schumacher Stock Feed.. Victor Corn and Oat Feed Victor Corn and Oat Feed Wirthmore Stock Feed . . . H-O Hor.se Feed H-O Horse Feed Hygrade Horse Feed '5 Biles & Co 24 J. W. Biles Co 22 Purina Mills Co 21 Am. Milling Co 18 Indiana Milling Co 11 Jennings & Fulton 13 15 8 8 8 9 1225. 1024. 60 24. 53 20. 16. 12. 15. Vallev Citv Milling Co. J. H. Cressy & Co J. H. Cressy & Co Empire Mills W. S. Haskell & Co American Cereal Co 13 11 Brown Milling Co 8 American Cereal Co 10 American Cereal Co 9 American Cereal Co i 8 American Cereal Co I 9 Chas. M. Cox Co 10 H-O Company 11 H-O Company 12 St. Albans Grain Co 12 Oat Feeds. .03 .74 .81 .20 .19 .34 .60 31 .02 .73 .23 .23 .89 .25 .18 .00 .48 .83 .11 Royal Oat Feed Great Western Cereal Co.... 7.73 Vim Oat Feed American Cereal Co 6.89 12. 12. 7. 10. 14. 14. 9. 13. 12 9 9. 10. 12, 12 9 22 63 5.30 7.51 8.63 3.87 5.65 3.48 3.90 5. 4.96 .. 3.13 4. 2.42 4. 4.122. 6.28 6. 4.06 3.71 4.31 3.48 3.25 3.25 13.52 |6.42 :5.53 l4.01 2.58 9.08 05 16.77 5 10.50 2 15.92 47 11.59 .. 7.66 2 2 7.68 97 28 8.38 5 17.81 5 7 ; 8.84 11.86 12.35 '8.83 11.64 li!39 7.5 2.842. 7.5 12.82 2. 26.28 75,26.32 IXSPKCTIOX OF FEEDING-STUFFS. 151 The writer considers it impracticable to apply a scale of valuations to feeclinu-stutfs; but there is nothing unfair in a table showing the actual amounts of each nutrient which can be purchased for a given sum. The following table gives the retail prices for the more common feeding-stuffs during October. 1905. AMOUNT OF NUTRIENTS WHICH 81.00 AVILL BUY. Brand. Price per 100 lbs. Pounds Pounds of of Protein. Fat. Pounds of Carbo- hydrates. Cotton-seed Meal, 43 fc Protein, 9 fc Fat. $1.55 Cotton-seed Meal. 39 fo Protein, 8 f« Fat. 1.55 Linseed Meal, Old process 1.70 Linseed Meal, New process 1.70 Distillers' Grains, drj- 1.45 Gluten Meal ' 1.60 Gluten Feed 1 40 Wheat Middlings, White 1.30 Wheat Middlings, Brown 1.20 Wheat Feed 1.25 Wheat Bran 115 Corn Meal 1.30 Hominy Feed 1.25 Corn and Oat Feed, " Victor" 1.10 24.0 31.4 38.1 48.0 47.5 464 46.0 52.8 52.0 56.6 It will be at once seen that cottonseed meal is the lowest- priced protein food, w^ith distillers' grains next. Of the wheat products, white or flour middlings are somewhat more expensive than the other coarser forms, and need not be selected for a cattle food, since cattle are quite able to digest the coarser materials. Hominy feed is shown to be more economical than corn- meal. The various compound feeds can be worked out in the same way; and, as a rule, they will be found a little more expensive than unmixed equivalents of bran, hominy feed, distillers' grains and similar feeds. There are no failures on the part of any of the poultry foods to reach the percentage guaranteed, while some of the animal meats and scraps overrun heavily, especially in fat. Excessive amounts of fat would not seem advan- tageous for laying hens, however. The prices of several of the brands seem unduly high. The cereal foods cannot be anv better than the g-rains from 152 IXSPECTIOX OF FEEDING-STUFFS. whicli they are made; but are rated much higher than cat- tle foods of an equivalent composition. The animal meals and bone meals are considerably hiuher than standard fer- tilizer })one and tankage of equal composition, although it is doubtful if they are an}- more select in quality. Whether the prices are fixed by the jobbers or retailers has not been ascertained ; but in several instances they are unreasonable. COMPOSITION OF LICENSED POULTRY FOODS. INSPECTION OF 1905. Brand. Manufactured bv. Protein. Fat (=•0 ■ • ajo rS , "O a^ a t^ a i ^ 3 si 3 ^ O 3 O Su c ^ 3 O Vegetable Foods. Purina Alfalfa Meal American Cereal Greene'.s Perfect Greene's Chicken Feed Co. H-O H-O Companj' H-O H-O Company *Page's Perfected Carroll S. Page $2.00 15.60 1.70 13.51 1.80 13.25 12. 1.85 17.64 17. 2.00 17.72 3.50 27.11 14. 17. 24. 2.09... 6.41 4.5 4.75 2. 5.94 5.5 6.135.5 Animal Meal. Armour'.s Meat Meal Beach's Star Brand Meat and Bone Meal Bowker'.s Marsh's Romaine's Boiled Beef and Bone Swift's Bone and Meat Meal Whitman & Pratt's 8.73 Armour & Co 2.75 54.15 .... 12.61 8. Beach Soap Co Bowker Fertilizer Co. Geo. E. Marsh & Co... D. W. Romaine Lowell Fertilizer Co Whitman & Pratt Render- ing Co 2.00 .S0.23 26. 10.64 10. 2.00 37.46 30. 12.37 5. 1.75 37.54 36. 9.94 8. 2.25 34.52 ....!20.63i... 2.50 44.49 40. 13.04 8. 2.00 39.30 35. 16.62 15. Beef Scraps. Beach's Beach's Soap Co Bowker's Bowker Fertilizer Co Bradley's American Agr'l Chem. Co. Beef Scraps. Carroll S. Page Swift's Lowell Fertilizer Co Pure Beef Scraps H. K. Webster Co 2.50 44.58 40. 2.50 50 02 30. 2.40 47.25 40. 3.00 49.78 .... 2.50 44.90 40. 2.75 54.98 55. Bone Meal. 25. Beach's Star Brand Cracked Bone Beach Soap Co ; 2.75J24.27 Beach's Star Brand Granu- I lated Bone Beach Soap Co 2.75 22.25 25. Beach's Star Brand Bone Meal Beach Soap Co. 2.75 10.71 10. Swift's Lowell Fertilizer Co 2.00 25.22 10. Warren's A.L.Warren 1.90 26.39 26. Warren's Chicken Fee