«& RE By ae etek et Dy, Cee se ON iene oe! ante te ment a ¥, mp ij “ i I\/ + ~ fi iow FAV EH | ‘a Psi rat - Rs eee Peabody Museum of Natural History Wi | : : jae : ~ Yale University Bulletin 16 Sper Devonian Pelecypods q of the New York Chemung Stage 4 : A. Lee McAlester UPPER DEVONIAN PELECYPODS OF THE NEW YORK CHEMUNG STAGE AV | ty ty 1 batihy i i 1] Do We ay a) (vy A ' | ii vy pain! W ! in , ty i A Se Pe) ; Le Hae bh ih ’ ? Py i 1h } java f ! 7 an ee Via Vy, ; a ag Maid hi f y ‘ PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY YALE UNIVERSITY BULLETIN 16 Upper Devonian Pelecypods of the New York Chemung Stage BY A. LEE McALESTER Peabody Museum of Natural History and Department of Geology, Yale University NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT 1962 Printed in the United States of America Maid farsag 22,192 PP S. COnP. 200 JAN 23 1962 | | HARV - | UMIVERSTEY | Copyright Peabody Museum, Yale University New Haven, Connecticut, 1962 CORNING- TIOGA QUADS. ELMIRA-TROY QUADS. WAVERLY- SAYRE QUADS. OWEGO- TOWANDA QUADS. APALACHIN QUAD. BINGHAMTON QUAD. x EXPLANATION Cassadaga plage and younger rocks Chemung stage Redbeds, partly of Chemung age Finger Lakes stage Pennsylvania INDEX MAP 10 miles ee SS ee SS SSeS SS Figure 1. Collecting localities and generalized geology. Outcrops at which no pelecypods were found are marked but not numbered. Geology from: Pepper and de Witt, 1951; Wil- liams and Kindle, 1909; Geologic map of Pennsylvania, 1932. Boundaries are grossly projected in the Binghamton quadrangle and in Pennsylvania. CONTENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOGRAPHIC SETTING Status of New York Upper Devonian stratigraphy Stratigraphic nomenclature Geographic and stratigraphic distribution of the fauna INTERPRETIVE CONCLUSIONS Previous work and necessity for species revision Genera and higher categories REMARKS ON SYSTEMATICS Preservation of the fauna Doubtful forms not included Laboratory techniques Notes on the descriptions SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY Nuculoid genera Palaeoneilo Nuculoidea “Nuculana” Parallelodont genus Grammatodon (Cosmetodon) Pterioid genera Actinopteria Leiopteria Leptodesma Cornellites Mytiloid genera Mytilarca Myalina Ptychodesma Gontophora Modiomorpha Glossites Spathella Pectinoid genera Pseudaviculopecten Lyriopecten Pterinopecten Vertumnia Possibly edentulous genera Grammysioidea Grammysia Sphenotus Cimitaria Edmondia n= vi UPPER DEVONIAN PELECYPODS OF NEW YORK CHEMUNG STAGE SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY (continued) Schizodont genus Eoschizodus 66 Heterodont genera Cypricardella 68 Cypricardinia 70 LocALity REGISTER dz REFERENCES CITED 76 INDEX 835 Plates 1-32 at back of book UPPER DEVONIAN PELECYPODS OF THE NEW YORK CHEMUNG STAGE By A, LEE MCALESTER ABSTRACT The Upper Devonian rocks of New York and northern Pennsylvania provide perhaps the world’s best opportunity for understanding the late Devonian pelecy- pods, because only in this region, among all well-known Devonian exposures, was deposition relatively continuous in the clastic marine facies which is characterized by prolific pelecypod faunas. This study is a systematic revision of the pelecypod faunas of the Chemung stage (Cooper, 1942) which includes about one-fourth of New York Upper Devonian rocks. Approximately 2,500 specimens representing 36 Chemung stage localities were collected for the study, and these provide the bulk of the evidence on which the revision is based, although paratype material is redescribed for a few rare species. Holotypes are designated and refigured for all previously described Che- mung stage species for which type material is available. The revision has shown that the earlier species were grossly oversplit and were therefore biologically meaningless. Of the 47 species recognized in the study, 5 are newly discovered and 10 are considered to be too poorly known to warrant specific names. There remain 32 valid Chemung stage species which had been previously named. For these 32 names there are a total of 74 suggested synonyms, 64 of which are first proposed here. This is an average of more than two synonyms for each previously described species. In short, 106 species names have been pre- viously used for what are probably only 32 species. Most of the Chemung stage species are therefore very “new” in definition even though only five new names were necessary in describing the fauna. The new species described are: Myalina? newelli, Goniophora cayutensis, Pseudaviculopecten bradfordensis, Sphenotus tio- gensis, and Cypricardinia larocquet. The study indicates also that comprehensive generic-level revisions are urgently needed in early Paleozoic pelecypods, and for this reason most of the generic names used are very tentatively applied to the Chemung species. Only informal higher categories (nuculoid, parallelodont, pterioid, mytiloid, pectinoid, pos- sibly edentulous, schizodont, and heterodont) are used for grouping the genera. INTRODUCTION The foremost authority on molluscan biology has recently written: “Although [the pelecypods are] so simply constructed . . . few groups of animals are more successful. In none are the diverse courses of evolutionary change easier to trace” (Yonge, 1958, p. 4). In view of such statements, it is surprising that no acceptable phylogeny has yet been proposed for the group and that students of pelecypod systematics universally denounce the inadequacies of all previously suggested classifications. Workers on both fossil and living pelecypods seem convinced that the present impasse in pelecypod phylogeny and systematics cannot be fully re- solved without more historical evidence, especially evidence from the Paleozoic era when the major pelecypod adaptations seem to have first arisen. Paleon- tologists further agree that the Paleozoic clams are among the most seriously neg- lected of the major fossil groups. These contradictions first led to my interest in studying Paleozoic pelecypods. Because Dr. Norman D. Newell had already made a monumental start toward an understanding of the late Paleozoic pelecypods, I felt that the most urgent neglect was in the pre-Carboniferous forms. With this preference in mind, my research adviser at Yale, Professor Carl O. Dunbar, suggested that the prolific and accessible Upper Devonian pelecypods of New York were ripe for restudy. Much had been learned of New York Devonian stratigraphy in the century since James Hall began his classic studies of Devonian clams, and it would now be possible to establish generalized time ranges for Hall’s species. In addition, we expected that Hall’s systematics would benefit from a review in the light of biological principles which have grown up since his works appeared, an expectation that was amply confirmed as the study progressed. We hoped also that these systematic revisions would provide the basic data for later evolutionary, ecologic, and bio- stratigraphic interpretations. A compelling consideration was the knowledge that New York provided perhaps the world’s best opportunity to understand the mid- dle and late Devonian clams, for only there, among all well-known Devonian ex- posures, was deposition relatively continuous in the clastic marine facies which is characterized by prolific pelecypod faunas. So great were Hall’s efforts, that from the beginning it was obvious that a restudy of even his Upper Devonian species would require many years. With the advice of Drs. Donald Fisher and Lawrence Rickard of the New York Geological Survey, we decided to begin with a revision of the large fauna of the classic Chemung type region, an area of about 2,000 square miles roughly bounded by the triangle formed by the cities of Elmira, Binghamton, and Ithaca. This re- stricted the study in both geologic time and area to about one-fourth of the New York Upper Devonian. The rocks covered were the Cayuta and Wellsburg “forma- tions” which make up the pelecypod-bearing part of the Chemung stage, the sec- ond oldest of the four Upper Devonian stages recognized by Cooper (1942). Much of Hall’s Upper Devonian material came from this unit, as did most of the Upper Devonian specimens first described by Conrad, and thus nomenclatural difficulties were minimized by beginning with the faunas of the Chemung stage. Because most of the early collections had poor locality data and also because they are now scattered among many museums, I wanted to base the revision on as INTRODUCTION 3 much new material as possible. The summers of 1957 and 1958 were therefore spent collecting in the Chemung stage of New York and adjacent Pennsylvania. My goal was to try to collect from every substantial outcrop within the exposure area of the stage, but many were doubtlessly missed. The several tons of material collected yielded, after final preparation, over 2,500 identifiable pelecypods, all of which are permanently deposited in the Yale Peabody Museum. These, supplemented by a dozen or so excellent specimens collected by Professor Edward I. Leith for the Yale Peabody Museum in the early 1930’s, provide the bulk of the evidence on which this revision is based, al- though paratype material is redescribed for a few rare species. Holotypes are designated and refigured for all previously described Chemung stage species for which type material is available. Laboratory work was done at Yale during the academic years of 1958-59 and 1959-60 and during the summer of 1959. The Hall collections at the American Museum of Natural History and the New York State Museum were examined in December, 1959. Among those to whom I am indebted for discussion and advice are: Dr. Norman D. Newell of the American Museum of Natural History and Columbia University; Drs. Donald W. Fisher and Lawrence V. Rickard of the New York Geological Survey; Dr. Robert G. Sutton and his enthusiastic students of the Uni- versity of Rochester; Mr. George W. Colton of the U.S. Geological Survey; Drs. Karl M. Waage and John E. Sanders of the Yale faculty; and Dr. Joseph T. Greg- ory, formerly of Yale and now at the University of California at Berkeley. I am also most grateful to Dr. Newell at the American Museum and Drs. Rickard and Fisher, as well as Mr. Clinton F. Kilfoyle, at the New York State Museum for the loan of types and for many kindnesses during my visits to their institutions. The devoted and efficient care that Hall’s valuable collections are re- ceiving under these men should serve as an example for museums everywhere. The field work was supported in 1957 by a grant from the Charles Schuchert Fund of the Division of Invertebrate Paleontology, Peabody Museum, Yale Uni- versity and in 1958 by a stipend from the Pan-American Petroleum Corporation Fellowship of the Department of Geology, Yale University. My brother, Donald J. McAlester, served as an able field assistant during the summer of 1957. Finally, my greatest debt is to Dr. Carl O. Dunbar, who not only suggested the problem but also introduced me to the New York Devonian rocks in the field and continually encouraged the study by his teaching, both in and out of the classroom. This study was submitted in May, 1960, as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Yale University. STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOGRAPHIC SETTING STATUS OF NEW YoRK UPPER DEVONIAN STRATIGRAPHY The well-established general pattern of a westward shift of contemporaneous facies in the “Catskill Delta” is too familiar to require summary here (a good, brief discussion is given by Dunbar and Rodgers, 1957, p. 137-140). Because of the necessarily generalized treatment in elementary textbooks, however, many geolo- gists seem to believe that these classic rocks are among the world’s best under- stood. Nothing, in my opinion, could be farther from the truth, particularly in regard to the detailed relations in the Upper Devonian part of the delta. Here, as elsewhere, many generations of stratigraphers have avoided restudying a “well- known” region, even though stratigraphic theory and technique have undergone revolutions which invalidate most of the pioneer work. Only during the past ten years has a healthy rebirth of interest countered this trend in the New York Up- per Devonian, and now, for the first time, stratigraphic interpretations in these rocks are being substantiated by detailed presentation of field evidence (see refer- ences cited under the names: Colton, de Witt, Pepper, and Sutton.) In reviewing the evidence on which the “Catskill Delta” facies concepts are based, I have been struck by one seldom stressed but critical fact: most modern knowledge of the facies relations and correlations has arisen from the field tracing of key lithologic horizons from one facies to the next. This fact has great im- portance for paleontologic studies because the prolific faunas begin at precisely the point where the most persistent key horizons, the western black shales, begin to thin and disappear. This disappearance of key horizons makes correlations within the richly fossiliferous facies extremely difficult, and, for this reason, most of the modern stratigraphic work has been confined to the relatively unfossiliferous western facies. The paleontologist is still confronted by the stratigraphically im- pregnable combination of thick, monotonous lithologies exposed in small, widely scattered outcrops in a region of very gentle dips.1 Nowhere is this difficulty more evident than in the 1,200 feet of monotonously — uniform sandstones, siltstones, and shales which make up the Cayuta and Wells- burg “formations” which, in turn, comprise the richly fossiliferous facies of the Chemung stage of Cooper (1942; see also the following discussion of nomencla- ture). For the present study, I have been able to establish only generalized strati- graphic positions for the localities by methods discussed below, but the record- ing of precise locality data will make it possible to reinterpret the faunas in the light of future stratigraphic revisions. I do not regard this as an overwhelming difficulty, however, because the relatively slow evolutionary change of the pele- cypods coupled with the short time probably required for deposition of the 1Dr. Robert G. Sutton and his students at the University of Rochester are conducting an unusually thorough and imaginative program of stratigraphic study on the fossiliferous Finger Lakes and Chemung stage rocks. They report in discussions (1959) that consistent heavy mineral zones and brachiopod horizons can be traced through the fossiliferous facies, the heavy mineral horizons even extending into the non-marine “Catskill facies” rocks. These discoveries mark an extremely significant break-through and promise to enhance greatly our understanding of Upper Devonian stratigraphic relations. STRATIGRAPHIC AND GEOGRAPHIC SETTING 5 Chemung stage rocks make it possible to assume relative geologic contemporaneity for most of the Chemung stage localities. STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE The terminology for time, rock, and facies units in the New York Upper Devonian is presently in a state of chaotic flux (see, for example, the conflicting opinions in Caster, 1933, 1934; Cooper, 1942; Grossman, 1944; Pepper and others, 1950, 1951, 1956; Tesmer, 1955; Fisher, 1956; Sutton, 1959; and de Witt and Colton, 1959). A new and very detailed correlation chart of the New York Devonian is now (1960) being prepared by Dr. Lawrence V. Rickard of the New York Geologi- cal Survey and this should soon provide a sound basis for nomenclatural revision. Meanwhile, I have adopted several arbitrary nomenclatural expedients. The nomenclature for time and time-stratigraphic units follows Cooper (1942), in which four stages are recognized in the Upper Devonian. Note that Cooper redefines the venerable name “Chemung” as a time-stratigraphic unit (Chemung stage). The term is used only in this time-stratigraphic sense in the present report. In rock-stratigraphic terminology, the units involved here are the Cayuta and Wellsburg “formations” of Cooper (1942). These names were first proposed by Williams (1906) as informal, loosely defined members of a more inclusive ‘“‘Che- mung formation,” the Wellsburg member being sandier and less fossiliferous than the underlying Cayuta member. To my knowledge, a boundary between them has never been shown on a published map at any scale. Pending demonstration of their usefulness as “laterally traceable lithologic genetic units” (American Com- mission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1956), I feel that the names should be avoided or used only as informal members of a more inclusive formation. No name is now available for this formation and future revision will require either a new name or a redefinition of an old one. For the present study, I have avoided rock-stratigraphic nomenclature because the time-stratigraphic term “Chemung stage” is adequate for paleontologic discussion. It should be emphasized, however, that the richly fossiliferous facies of the stage is the principal concern here. GEOGRAPHIC AND STRATIGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE FAUNA The geographic and stratigraphic distribution of the pelecypod specimens of the Chemung stage is summarized in fig. 1 and tables 1 and 2. A few notes are necessary in explanation of the figure and tables: The index map (fig. 1, frontispiece) shows the location of all outcrops of the Chemung stage which were visited in the field. Those at which pelecypods were found are numbered on the map; others are marked merely by crosses. Precise data on each numbered locality are given in the Locality Register. The boundaries shown on the map are necessarily much generalized. The lower stage boundary in New York was drawn at the first appearance of “Spirifer disjunctus’ as mapped by Williams and Kindle (1909). This boundary was grossly projected eastward into the Binghamton 15-minute quadrangle, which was not included on Williams and Kindle’s map. After the systematic revision was com- pleted, I learned in conversations with Robert Sutton that his mapping shows Williams and Kindle’s boundary to be about 150 feet low in the area north and west of Binghamton. This means that localities 30 and 38 are probably well down in the Finger Lakes stage, instead of being at the Chemung-Finger Lakes bound- 6 UPPER DEVONIAN PELECYPODS OF NEW YORK CHEMUNG STAGE ary as shown by the earlier mapping. In interpreting the occurrences, specimens from localities 30 and 38 should be considered as coming from the uppermost Finger Lakes stage. The upper boundary of the stage in New York has been placed at the base of the Perrysburg formation, as mapped by Pepper and de Witt (1951), because this horizon probably roughly approximates the first appearance of the “Athyris angelica’ fauna which defines the base of the Cassadaga stage in the more fos- siliferous post-Chemung rocks to the south and west. No usable mapping exists for the adjacent area in Pennsylvania, and the boundaries shown there are highly subjective projections. Only Pennsylvania localities near the border of New York were collected because of this complete lack of stratigraphic data. West East Corning- | Elmira- | Waverly- | Owego- Tioga Troy Sayre Towanda | Apalachin | Bingham- quads. quads. quads. quads. quad. ton quad. a ae Upper a Chemung 84,86 Stage 2s | 87 105 103,104 65,88 28 Middle 75 22,64,66, 27 Chemung 101, 102 Stage a 13 23A,23B, | 47,48,53, 60, 72 97 33 Lower |] J |] J] Chemung 89 93,94,96 34,35 Stage a 21 30,38 Table 1. Inferred relative stratigraphic position of Chemung stage pelecypod localities. Table 1, which shows generalized stratigraphic positions for the localities, is a subjective compilation based on: 1) elevation, 2) nearness of locality to mapped stage boundary, and 3) relative structural position as shown on the greatly over- simplified structural contour map of Wedel (1932; compare Wedel’s map with the very detailed structural mapping of Bradley and others, 1941, which regrettably covers only the extreme western part of the fossiliferous outcrop of the Chemung stage). The accuracy of the chart is probably sufficient to permit the placing of a locality in only the lower, middle, or upper third of the 1,200 feet of Chemung stage rocks and only such general conclusions are made from it. For reasons noted ROE, Bony ver hy « 4 wnt - Do UPPER MIDDLE LOWER Pa 3 elds CHEMUNG CHEMUNG CHEMUNG ae fe es 3 g STAGE STAGE STAGE a\é & &8 gs Lb. ’ 3 tS Son Gs ds Oso, > LOCALITY REGISTER 73 38—Subquadrangle 8 of Maine (New York) 7.5’ quadrangle. Creek bank and roadcut exposures along Twist Run Road, 6/10 mi. southeast of Union Center. The collec- tions were made from a one-foot siltstone interval just above a six-foot dark shale along the south side of the road near the eastern end (highest part) of the exposure at an elevation of about 1,050 ft. 47—Subquadrangle 3 of Owego (New York) 7.5’ quadrangle. Hillside exposures on east side of State Highway 38-96, 7/10 mi. north of its junction with State Highway 17 in Owego. 48—Subquadrangle 9 of Candor (New York) 7.5’ quadrangle. Roadcut exposures along east side of State Highway 38 at its junction with State Highway 96 at Turners Bridge. I found no pelecypods at this locality, but a single specimen of Lyriopecten anomiaeformis collected by E. I. Leith for the Yale Peabody Museum was probably found at this exposure. 53—Subquadrangle 9 of Barton (New York) 7.5’ quadrangle. Roadcut exposures along north side of State Highway 17, beginning 5/10 mi. west of junction with State Highway 282 in Smithboro and extending westward for about 2/10 mi. 60—Subquadrangle 2 of Sayre (Pennsylvania) 15’ quadrangle. Exposures along south side of Delaware, Lackawana, and Western railroad tracks, beginning 1/10 mi. west of road junction in Wilawana and extending westward for about 3/10 mi. 64—Subquadrangle 6 of Waverly (New York, Pennsylvania) 7.5’ quadrangle. Roadcut exposures along east side of State Highway 34, beginning 5/10 mi. north of junc- tion of Tallmadge Hill Road and extending northward about 3/10 mi. 65—Subquadrangle 6 of Waverly (New York, Pennsylvania) 7.5’ quadrangle. Roadcut exposures on east side of unimproved road parallel to and east of State Highway 34 south of Lockwood (between BM 858 and King School on map). The exposures begin about 1/10 mi. north of the southern junction with State Highway 34 and extend northward for about 3/10 mi. 66—Subquadrangle 8 of Waverly (New York, Pennsylvania) 7.5’ quadrangle. Roadcut exposures along north side of State Highway 17 on Glory Hill west of Waverly. The exposures begin about 1/10 mi. west of the Chemung-Tioga county line and extend westward for about 7/10 mi. Most of the specimens from this locality were collected from fresh slumped material. 72—Subquadrangle 8 of Waverly (New York, Pennsylvania) 7.5’ quadrangle. Exposures along northeast side of Erie Railroad tracks beginning about 2/10 mi. southeast of automobile bridge across Chemung River and extending northwestward for about 5/10 mi. This is probably the locality referred to in the early literature as “Lower Narrows of Chemung River.” 73—Subquadrangle 4 of Elmira (New York, Pennsylvania) 7.5’ quadrangle. Small quarry in front of large industrial building on south side of Mountain View Road, 4/10 mi. northwest of junction with State Highway 328. 75—Subquadrangle 6 of Seeley Creek (New York, Pennsylvania) 7.5’ quadrangle. Expo- sures along bed of Hendy Creek at base of eastern extremity of Leach Hill. The collections were made from a small stratigraphic interval exposed at the point where the road from the village of Hendy Creek turns southwestward and begins to run parallel to the creek. 76—Subquadrangle 7 of Caton (New York, Pennsylvania) 7.5’ quadrangle. Roadcut ex- posures along south side of unimproved road following valley of Church Creek, 1.4 mi. east of junction with road running north from Lindley. The collections were made just east of the bridge crossing the creek. The specimens were found in fresh slumped material. 84—Subquadrangle 9 of Addison (New York) 7.5’ quadrangle. Roadcut and creek bank exposures along unimproved road following valley of Morgan Creek west of Lind- ley. The collections were made in the vicinity of the bridge across the creek, 4/10 mi. west of junction with U. S. Highway 15. 86—Subquadrangle 5 of Jackson Summit (Pennsylvania, New York) 7.5’ quadrangle. 74 UPPER DEVONIAN PELECYPODS OF NEW YORK CHEMUNG STAGE Roadcut exposures on north side of State Highway 84 at base of Buck Hill, 1.75 mi. east of junction with U. S. Highway 15 in Tioga Junction. 87—Subquadrangle 4 of Jackson Summit (Pennsylvania, New York) 7.5’ quadrangle. Exposures in banks and bed of Mutton Lane Creek on both sides of State Highway 84 at base of Buck Hill, 1.2 mi. east of junction with U. S. Highway 15 in Tioga Junction. 88—Subquadrangle 1 of Sayre (Pennsylvania) 15’ quadrangle. Small quarry in massive sandstone on slope of unnamed hill south of Burnham Hill above Trout Run, near its junction with Bentley Creek. The quarry is on an unimproved side road about 1/10 mi. south of the paved road connecting Greenes Landing with the road fol- lowing the valley of Bentley Creek. The road passing the quarry meets the east- west paved road 3/10 mi. west of Bentley Creek and the east-west paved road meets the Bentley Creek Valley road 1.5 mi. south of the village of Bentley Creek. 89—Subquadrangle 3 of Sayre (Pennsylvania) 15’ quadrangle. Roadcut exposures at Tioga Point, east of paved highway connecting East Athens and Sheshequin. The exposures begin about 3.4 mi. south of East Athens and extend about 9/10 mi. southward. The few pelecypods found at this locality were collected near the highest part of the long roadcut. 93—Subquadrangle 3 of ‘Towanda (Pennsylvania, New York) 15’ quadrangle. Small cliff exposure south of State Highway 838, 5/10 mi. east of junction with State High- way 187. 94—Subquadrangle 3 of Towanda (Pennsylvania, New York) 15’ quadrangle. Roadcut exposures on north side of paved road connecting Windham Center and Windham Summit. The exposures are 2/10 mi. west of the village of Windham Center. 96—Subquadrangle 1 of ‘Towanda (Pennsylvania, New York) 15’ quadrangle. Roadcut exposure on south side of paved road connecting East Athens and Litchfield, 1.4 mi. east of East Athens. The exposure is about 2/10 mi. west of the Athens-Litchfield town line. 97—Subquadrangle 1 of Towanda (Pennsylvania, New York) 15’ quadrangle. Roadcut exposure on west side of paved road connecting East Athens and Rome. The expo- sure is about 1/10 mi. south of the bridge over Satterlee Creek, 1.1 mi. north of Campbell School. 101—Subquadrangle 1 of Sayre (Pennsylvania) 15’ quadrangle. Exposures in banks and bed of small stream making Three Falls Glen west of Ridgebury. The exposures begin 1/10 mi. west of Ridgebury and extend westward (upstream) about 8/10 mi. This abundantly fossiliferous locality was discovered too late for extensive collecting. The few specimens collected here were found in the higher part of the glen above the falls. 102—Subquadrangle 1 of Sayre (Pennsylvania) 15’ quadrangle. Exposures in banks and bed of Justice Run southwest of Ridgebury. The collections from this locality were made from a single bedding plane exposed in the bed of the creek 3/10 mi. east of the first (easternmost) bridge over the stream. The layer was 1 ft. below the top of a 2 ft. waterfall, about 200 ft. downstream (east) from a large cliff exposure on the south bank of the stream. 103—Subquadrangle 1 of Elmira (New York, Pennsylvania) 7.5’ quadrangle. Roadcut exposures along north side of private dead-end road extending up the southeast side of Hawley Hill. The road meets State Highway 17E as the first road southeast of the Fitch Bridge road. The private road is shown on the topographic sheet, and the collections were made at an elevation of about 1,100 ft. 104—Subquadrangle 3 of Seeley Creek (New York, Pennsylvania) 7.5’ quadrangle. Road- cut exposures along the paved road leading up Harris Hill north of Pine Grove School. The exposures begin about 5/10 mi. north of Pine Grove School and extend northward for about 7/10 mi. The specimens from this locality were collected from fresh slumped material. 105—Subquadrangles 7 and 8 of Corning (New York) 7.5’ quadrangle. Cliff exposures at LOCALITY REGISTER 75 base of Higman Hill above the New York Central railroad tracks west of the State Highway 17 bridge across the Chemung River (bridge not shown on 1953 topo- graphic sheet). The single pelecypod collected here was found in fresh slumped material. It seems geographically probable that this is the source of Hall’s many specimens from “Blossburg Railroad at Painted Post, New York,” although I found only one specimen at the locality. REFERENCES CITED American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, 1956, Report No. 4—Nature, usage, and nomenclature of rock-stratigraphic units: Am. Assoc. 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INDEX Actinopterella boydi, 27 Actinopteria, genus, 26-29 Actinopteria alpha, 27 Actinopteria angustirostra, 28 Actinopteria auriculata, 27 Actinopteria beta, 27 Actinopteria boydi, 27-28; comparisons, 28, 29; holotype of, 28; occurrence of, 28; revised description of, 27-28; synonyms of, 27; pl. 3 Actinopteria decussata, 28 Actinopteria delta, 26, 28 Actinopteria epsilon, 26, 28 Actinopteria eta, 26, 28 Actinopteria iota, 26, 28 Actinopteria kappa, 26, 28 Actinopteria perobliqua, 28 Actinopteria perstrialis, 26, 28 Actinopteria pleuroptera, 28 Actinopteria quadrula, 28 Actinopteria sola, 27 Actinopteria sp. A, 28, pl. 3 Actinopteria sp. B, 28, 29, pl. 3 Actinopteria subdecussata, 27, 28 Actinopteria tenuistriata, 26, 28 Actinopteria theta, 26, 28 Actinopteria zeta, 26, 28, 29, 30 American Commission on Stratigraphic No- menclature, 5 American Museum of Natural History, 3, 15; specimens of Avicula longispina, 34; Avicula pecteniformis, 37; Cypricardella gregaria, 70; Cytherodon (Schizodus) quadrangularis, 67; Edmondia philipi, 65; Glossites depressus, 46; Grammatodon (Cosmetodon) chemung- ensis, 25; Grammysioidea subarcuata, 58; Lep- todesma becki, 34; Leptodesma naviforme, 33; Leptodesma robustum, 34; Lyriopecten anomiaeformis, 53; Lyriopecten cymbalon, 52; Mytilarca carinata, 39; Orthonota rigida, 63; Palaeoneilo bisulcata, 20; Palaeoneilo an- gusta, 20; Pseudaviculopecten striatus, 50; Pterinea consimilis, 37; Pterinea rigida, 37; Pterinea prora, 37; Ptychodesma minor, 41; Ptychodesma neglectum, 41; Spathella typica, 47; Vertumnia avis, 57; Vertumnia reversa, a) Apalachin quadrangle, 6 Arca keyserlingii, 24 Arca rostrata, 23 Arkell) W: J:, 25 Athyris angelica, 6 Avicula angustirostra, 27, 28 Avicula boydii, 27 Avicula chemungensis, 29, 30, 36 Avicula decussata, 26, 27 Avicula longispina, 33, 34; holotype of, 34, pl. 9 Avicula orbiculata, 51 Avicula pecteniformis, 36; holotype of, 37; pl. 12; synonym of, 37 Avicula perobliqua, 27, 28 Avicula pleuroptera, 27 Avicula protexta, 33; holotype of, 34, pl. 9 Avicula spinigera, 33 Avicula tricostata, 52 Aviculopecten, genus, 48 Aviculopecten aequalata, 49 Aviculopecten aequilateralis, 49 Aviculopecten cancellatus, 49 Aviculopecten celsus, 49 Aviculopecten convexus, 49 Aviculopecten dolabriformis, 49 Aviculopecten duplicatus, 49 Aviculopecten ellipticus, 49 Aviculopecten fasciculatus, 49, 50 Aviculopecten formio, 49 Aviculopecten idas, 49 Aviculopecten orestes, 50 Aviculopecten patulus, 49 Aviculopecten phorcus, 49 Aviculopecten plenus, 49: holotype of, 50, pl. 20 Aviculopecten princeps, 48 Aviculopecten repletus, 50 Aviculopecten rugaestriatus, 49 Aviculopecten signatus, 49 Aviculopecten squama, 49 Aviculopecten striatus, 49 Aviculopecten tenuis, 49 Axinus obscurus, 66 Baird, Donald, 13 Beushausen, Ludwig, 16, 63 Beushausenia, genus, 25 Binghamton quadrangle, 6 Brachiopod horizons, 4 Bradley, W. H. and others, 6 Branson, E. B., 24, 25 Buchiola, 13 Buek/s) Quarry, 205 125, 41,742,746, 053, 57,058, 63 “Burgess Vibro-Graver,” 13 Cardiomorpha rotunda, 67 Cassadaga stage, occurrence of Athyris angelica, 6; Aviculopecten species, 49; Edmondia phi- lipi, 65, 66; Eoschizodus, 66; Glossites de- pressus, 46; Grammysia elliptica, 60; Grammy- sioidea subarcuata, 58; Leiopteria nitida, 30; Leptodesma, 31; Modiomorpha, 44; Modio- 84 INDEX morpha tioga, 45; Mytilarca chemungensis, 39; Palaeoneilo brevicula, 16; Palaeoneilo elongata, 16; Palaeoneilo linguata, 17; Pa- laeoneilo similis, 17; Pterinea avis, 57; Pter- inopecten strictus, 55; Pterinopecten sub- orbicularis, 56 Caster, K. E., 50 Catskill Delta, 4 Cayuta Creek, 44 Cayuta formation, 2, 4, 5 Chapman sandstone, 11 Chemung stage, general discussion of, 1-5; oc- curence and revision of species, 8, 11, 12, 15; preservation of specimens, 13; type region, 2; also see: Yale University Peabody Museum of Natural History collections of Chemung stage specimens “Chemung” of Maryland, occurrence of Leiop- teria nitida, 30; Leptodesma elongatum 32; Lyriopecten tricostata, 52; Modiomorpha subangulata, 44; Nuculoidea corbuliformis, 23; Palaeoneilo crassa, 16 Chernyshev, B. I., 23 Cimitaria, genus, 63-64; type species of, 63 Cimitaria angulata, 7, 63-64; holotype of, 63; occurrence of, 63; revised description of, 63; synonyms of, 63 Cimitaria recurva, 63 Clarke, J. M., 31; with Rudolph Ruedemann, 69 Colton, George W., 3 Conewango stage, occurrence of Aviculopecten species, 49; Aviculopecten cf. striatus, 50; Goniophora curvata, 42; Goniophora rue- demanni, 42; Leptodesma species, 31; Lep- todesma carinifera, 32; Lyriopecten alterna- tus, 52; Nucula globularis, 22; Palaeoneilo similis, 17; Sphenotus palmerae, 62 Conrad, T. A., 2, 19, 24, 28, 30-31 CoopertGwAT nee Cornellites, genus, 26, 35-38; type species of, 35 Cornellites chemungensis, 30, 36-38; occur- rence of, 37; revised description of, 36; scat- ter diagram, 38; synonyms of, 36; pl. 12, 13, 14 Corning-Tioga quadrangles, 6 Cox, L. R., 66 Crenipecten, genus, 48 Ctenodonta, genus, 16 Cucullea opima, 21 Cuvierian school, 10 Cypricardella, genus, 68-70; type species of, 68 Cypricardella bellastriata, 68-69; comparisons, 69, 70; occurrence of, 69; revised description of, 68-69; pl. 29 Cypricardella bellistriatus, 68 Cypricardella gregaria, 68, 69; comparisons, 69, 70; holotype of, 70; occurrence of, 70; revised description of 69-70; pl. 31 Cypricardella sub-elliptica, 68 Cypricardia cymbaeformis, 42 Cypricardinia, genus, 70-71; type species of, 70 Cypricardinia arcuata, 70; holotype of, 71; pl. 30 Cypricardinia indenta, 71 Cypricardinia lamellosa, 70 Cypricardinia larocquei, n. sp., 70-71; descrip- tion of, 70; holotype of 70-71; pl. 30 Cypricardinia sulciferus, 71 Cypricardinia sp. A, 7, 71; holotype of, 71; synonyms of, 71; pl. 30 Cyricardinia sp. B, 71; pl. 30 Cypricardites alta, 45 Cypricardites carinata, 42, 43 Cypricardites chemungensis, 42 Cypricardites mytiloides, 45 Cypricardites recurva, 63 Cytherodon (Schizodus) chemungensis, 67 Cytherodon (Schizodus) gregarius, 67 Cytherodon (Schizodus) quadrangularis, 67; holotype of, 67; pl. 28 de Witt, Wallace, 4, 5 Dunbar, Carl O., 2, 3 Edentulous genera, 1, 12, 61 Edmondia, genus, 64-66; type species of, 64 Edmondia philipi, 64-66; comparisons, 65; holo- type of, 64-65; occurrence, 65; revised de- scription of, 64; scatter diagram, 65; syno- nyms of, 64; pl. 27 Edmondia rhomboidea, 64 Edmondia subcarinata, 64 Edmondia subovata, 64, 66 Edmondia tenuistriata, 64 Edmondia transversa, 64 Edmondia tumidula, 64, 66 Elmira-Troy quadrangles, 6 Eodon bellistriatus, 68 Eoschizodus, genus, 66-68; type species of, 66 Eoschizodus chemungensis, 66-68; occurrence of, 67; revised description of, 67; synonyms of, 66-67; pl. 28 Erie shale, 17 Facies relations, 4 Finger Lakes stage, horizons, 4, 5, 13; occur- rence of Actinopteria boydi, 28; Actinopteria sp. A, 28; Cypricardella bellastriata, 69; Cypricardella gregaria, 70; Eoschizodus, 66; Eoschizodus chemungensis, 67; Goniophora chemungensis, 43; Grammysioidea subarcuata, 58; Leiopteria nitida, 30; Leptodesma, 31; Leptodesma _ rogersi, 35; Lyriopecten cym- balon, 53; Lyriopecten priamus, 53; Lyrio- pecten tricostatus, 53; Modiomorpha, 44; Nucula diffidens, 22; Nuculoidea corbuli- formis, 23; occurrence of Palaeoneilo con- stricta, 18; Palaeoneilo emarginata, 17; Pa- laeoneilo filosa, 17; Palaeoneilo plana, 17; Pterinopecten strictus, 55; Ptychodesma na: num, 41; Sphenotus tiogensis, n. sp., 62; Vertumnia reproba, 56 INDEX 85 Fisher, Donald W., 2, 3 Generic level revision, 12 Generic names for Paleozoic pelecypods, 12 Geographic and stratigraphic distribution of fauna, 5 Glossites, genus, 45-47; type species of, 45 Glossites depressus, 46; comparisons, 46; holo- type of, 46; occurrence of, 46; revised de- scription of, 46; synonyms of, 46; pl. 18 Glossites ellipticus, 46 Glossites lingualis, 46 Glossites patulus, 46 Glossites procerus, 46 Glossites rudicula, 46 Glossites subnasutus, 46 Goniophora, genus, 42-44, 62; type species of, a Goniophora cayutensis, n. sp., 43-44; compari- sons, 43, 44; description of, 43; holotype of, 43; occurrence of, 43; pl. 18 Goniophora chemungensis, 42-43; comparisons, 43, 44; holotype of, 43; occurrence of, 43; revised description of, 43; synonyms of, 42; pl. 17 Goniophora curvata, 42 Goniophora minor, 44 Goniophora ruedemanni, 42 Goniophora sp., 44; pl. 18 Goniophora subrecta, 42, 43 Goniophora trigona, 42, 43 Grammatodon (Cosmetodon), genus, 24-25 Grammatodon (Cosmetodon) chemungensis, 25; holotype of, 25; occurrence of, 25; revised description of, 25; synonyms of, 25; pl. 4 Grammysia, genus, 59-61; type species of, 59 Grammysia alveata, 57, 59, 60 Grammysia arcuata, 57, 59, 60 Grammysia bisulcata, 59, 60 Grammysia chemungensis, 60, 61; holotype of, 60 Grammysia circularis, 59 Grammysia communis, 57, 58, 59, 60 Grammysia dubia, 60 Grammysia duplicata, 58, 60 Grammysia elliptica, 59, 60-61; occurrence of, 60; revised description of, 60; synonyms of, 60; pl. 25 Grammysia erecta, 59, 60 Grammysia (Grammysioidea) princiana, 57, 59 Grammysia hamiltonensis, 59 Grammysia hannibalensis, 58, 59, 60 Grammysia (Leptodomus) subarcuata, 58 Grammysia lirata, 57 Grammysia magna, 59, 60, 61 Grammysia minor, 58, 60 Grammysia nodocostata, 59, 60 Grammysia plena, 60 Grammysia sp., 61; pl. 25 Grammysia subarcuata, 57, 59, 60 Grammysia subarcuata-communis-hannibalen- sis type, 57 Grammysia undata, 58, 59, 60 Grammysioidea, genus, 57-59; post-Chemung occurrence of, 58; pre-Chemung occurrence of, 57; type species of, 57 Grammysioidea sp., 59; pl. 25 Grammysioidea subarcuata, 58; holotype of, 58; occurrence of, 58; revised description of, 58; synonyms of, 58; pl. 25 Gregory, Joseph T., 3 Halljamess2527,.8) 9y.115 130165 07,418.19; 20, 26, 28, 30, 31, 38, 39, 45, 47, 48, 49, 51 “Hamilton Group,” 16, 18; specimens of Che- nango County, 35; specimens of Schoharie County, 29, 49, 51, 52, 54, 68 Holotypes, designation of, 14-15 Heterodont genera, 1 Inoceramus chemungensis, 38 International Commission on Zoological No- menclature, 16 Isocardia unioniformis, 64 Tsoculia, genus, 59 Kefersteinia, genus, 66 Key horizons, field tracing of, 4 Kilfoyle, Clinton F., 3 Knight, J. Brookes, 12 Lamellibranchiata, 8 La Rocque, J. A. Auréle, 71 Leda diversa, 23, 24 Leda (Nuculana) perstriata, 24 Leda (Nuculana) rostellata, 24 Leiopteria genus, 26, 29-31 Leiopteria bigsbyi, 29 Leiopteria chemungensis, 29 Leiopteria cornelli, 29 Leiopteria dekayi, 29, 30, 31 Leiopteria leai, 29 Leiopteria linguiformis, 29; holotype of, 30; pl. 5 Leiopteria mitchelli, 29 Leiopteria nitida, 29-30; holotype of, 30; oc- currence of, 30; revised description of, 29; synonyms of, 29; pl. 5, 6 Leiopteria sayi, 29 Leiopteria torreyi, 29 Leiopteria troosti, 29 Leith, Edward I., 3, 7 Leptodesma, genus, 26, 29, 31-35; stratigraphic distribution of, 31; type species of, 31; valid- ity of genus, 26 Leptodesma agassizi, 33; holotype of, 34; pl. 2) Leptodesma becki, 33; holotype of, 34; pl. 10 Leptodesma carinifera, 32 Leptodesma creon, 33; holotype of, 34; pl. 9 Leptodesma demus, 33; holotype of, 35; pl. 9 Leptodesma elongatum, 32 Leptodesma eolus, 32 Leptodesma flaccidum, 33; holotype of, 35 Leptodesma leiopteroides, 32 Leptodesma lesleyi, 33, 35 86 INDEX Leptodesma longispinum, 33 Leptodesma loxias, 33; holotype of, 35; pl. 9 Leptodesma medon, 33; holotype of, 34; pl. 9 Leptodesma naviforme, 32-33, 35; comparisons, 33; holotype of, 32, 33; occurrence of, 33; revised description of; 32; pl. 7, 8 Leptodesma parallelum, 32 Leptodesma protextum, 33 Leptodesma quadratum, 33, 35 Leptodesma robustum, 33; holotype of, 34; pl. 9 Leptodesma rogersi, 31, 33; holotype of, 34; pl. 9 Leptodesma shumardi, 33; holotype of, 34; pig Leptodesma spinigerum, 31, 32, 33-35; com- parisons, 33; holotype of, 34; occurrence of, 35; revised description of, 33; pl. 8, OOM Leptodesma transversa, 32 Leptodomus, genus, 63 Limoptera, genus, comparison with Cornellites, 36 Liopteria auriculata, 29 Liopteria bigsbyi, 29, 30 Liopteria marylandica, 29 Lithodomus, genus, 47 Lithophaga, genus, comparison with Spathella, genus, 47, 48 Locality Register, 5, 72-75 Lower Chemung stage, 6 Lunulicardium ornatum, 13 Lunulicardium transversum, 13 Lyriopecten, genus, 48, 51-54, 56; type species of, 51 Lyriopecten alternatus, 52 Lyriopecten anomiaeformis, 53; comparisons, 53; holotype of, 53; occurrence of, 53; re- vised description of, 53; pl. 22 Lyriopecten cymbalon, 52; holotype of, pl. 22 Lyriopecten fasciatus, 51 Lyriopecten interradiatus, 51 Lyriopecten macrodontus, 54 Lyriopecten magnificus, 7, 54; holotype of, 54; occurrence of, 54; revised description of, 54; synonyms of, 54; pl. 23 Lyriopecten orbiculatus, 48, 49 Lyriopecten polydorus, 51 Lyriopecten priamus, 51 Lyriopecten solex, 51 Lyriopecten tricostatus, 52; holotype of, 52; occurrence of, 52; revised description of, 52; synonyms of, 52; pl. 21 McAlester, Donald J., 3 Macrodon, genus, 25 Macrodon chemungensis, 25 Matrix, removal of, 13 Megalodus truncatus, 66 Metamorphic species, 11 Microdon bellastriata, 68 Microdon (Cypricardella) bellistriatus, 68 Microdon (Cypricardella) gregarius, 69 Microdon gregaria, 69 Microdon (Microdonella) (Eodon) bellistriatus, 68 Microdon (Microdonella) (Eodon) gregarius, 69 Microdonella bellistriata, 68 Middle Chemung stage, 6 Miller, S. A., 8, 61 Modiomorpha, genus, 44; type species of, 44 Modiomorpha alta, 45 Modiomorpha amygdalina, 46 Modiomorpha complanata, 45 Modiomorpha macilenta, 45 Modiomorpha missouriensis, 44 Modiomorpha mytiloides, 44, 45; occurrence of, 45; revised description of, 45; synonyms of, a5; pl. 19 Modiomorpha mytiloides milwaukeensis, 45 Modiomorpha neglecta, 41, 42, 44 Modiomorpha planulata, 45 Modiomorpha quadrula, 44 Modiomorpha recurva, 44 Modiomorpha rigida, 44 Modiomorpha subalata var. chemungensis, 44 Modiomorpha subangulata, 44 Modiomorpha tioga, 44, 45 Monomyaria, 8 Monotis princeps, 48 Myalina, genus, 40-41; type species of, 40 Myalina newelli, n. sp., 40-41; comparisons, 40; description of, 40; holotype of, 40; oc- currence of, 40; pl. 16 Myalina sp., 41; pl. 16 Mytilarca, genus, 38-40; comparison with Se- lenimyalina, 38; type species of, 38 Mytilarca attenuata, 38, 39; holotype of, 39; pl. 16 Mytilarca carinata, 38, 39; holotype of, 39; pl. 15 Mytilarca chemungensis, 38-40; comparisons, 40; holotype of, 39; occurrence of, 39; re- vised description of, 39; synonyms of, 38, 39: ple 15; 16 Mytilarca gibbosa, 38 Mytilarca lata, 38 Mytilarca regularis, 38 Mytilarca simplex, 38 Mytilarca umbonata, 38 Mytiloid genera, 1, 12 Mytilus chemungensis, 39 Neotypes, designation of, 15 Nettleroth, Henry, 8 New York Geological Survey, 2 New York State Museum, 3, 15; specimens of Aviculopecten plenus, 50; Cimitaria angulata, 63; Cypricardinia arcuata, 71; Glossites de- pressus, 46; Goniophora chemungensis, 43; Grammatodon (Cosmetodon) chemungensis, 25; Leiopteria nitida, 30; Leptodesma agas- sizi, 34; Leptodesma creon, 34; Leptodesma demus, 34; Leptodesma loxias, 34; Lepto- desma medon, 34; Leptodesma shumardi, 34; Lyriopecten magnificus, 54; Lyriopecten tri- costatus, 52; Mytilarca attenuata, 39; Palaeo- INDEX 87 neilo angusta, 20, 21; Palaeoneilo bisulcata, 20; Paracyclas rotunda, 67; Pterinea inter- strialis, 37; Pterinopecten strictus, 55 Newell, Norman D., 2, 3, 40-41, 48, 49 Nomenclatural enthusiasm, 11 Nucula, genus, 21, 22 Nucula diffidens, 22 Nucula globularis, 22 Nucula lamellata, 22 Nucula lirata, 22 Nucula opima, 22 Nucula randalli, 21 Nucula rescuensis, 22 Nucula snyderensis, 22 Nucula subtrigona, 22 Nuculana, genus, 23-24; type species of, 23 Nuculana rostellata, 24; comparisons, 24; oc- currence of, 24; revised description of, 24; synonyms of, 24; pl. 2 Nuculana sp., 24; comparison with Nuculana rostellata, 24; pl. 2 Nuculites, Maine Silurian specimens of, 11 Nuculites appressa, 67 Nuculites chemungensis, 66; holotype of, 67 Nuculites constricta, 16, 17 Nuculites maxima, 17, 19 Nuculites rostellata, 24 Nuculoid genera, 1, 12, 16 Nuculoidea, genus, 21-23; type species of, 21 Nuculoidea corbuliformis 22-23; comparisons, 23; occurrence of, 23; revised description of, 22; synonyms of, 22; pl. 3 Orthonota rigida, 62, 63; holotype of, 63 Owego-Towanda quadrangles, 6 Palaeaneilo brevis, 17 Palaeaneilo constricta, 17 Palaeaneilo plana, 17 Palaeoneilo, genus, 16-21; type species of, 16 Palaeoneilo angusta, 18, 20, 21; comparisons, 20, 21; holotype of, 21; occurrence of, 21; revised description of, 21; scatter diagram, 20; pl. 2 Palaeoneilo arata, 16 Palaeoneilo bisulcata, 18, 19-21; comparisons, 19-21; holotype of, 19; occurrence of, 19; re- vised description of, 19; scatter diagram, 20; synonyms of, 19; pl. 2 Palaeoneilo brevicula, 16 Palaeoneilo constricta, 17-19; comparisons, 18; holotype of, 18; occurrence of, 18; revised description of, 17-19; synonyms of, 17; pl. 1 Palaeoneilo crassa, 16 Palaeoneilo elongata, 16 Palaeoneilo emarginata, 17 Palaeoneilo fecunda—Palaeoneilo tenuistriata group, 17 Palaeoneilo filosa, 16, 19 Palaeoneilo linguata, 17 Palaeoneilo maxima, 17, 18, 19 Palaeoneilo muricata, 19 Palaeoneilo petila, 17 Palaeoneilo similis, 17 Pan-American Petroleum Corporation Fellow- ship, 3 Paracyclas, genus, 44 Paracyclas rotunda, 67; holotype of, 67; pl. 28 Parallelodont genera, 1 Pectinoid genera, 1, 48 Pelecypod localities of Chemung stage, 6 ‘“Permamold,” 13 Perrysburg formation, 6 “Portage Group,” 54 Prisconaia, genus, 66 Protobranchiata, 12 Protoschizodus, genus, 66 Pseudaviculopecten bradfordensis, n. sp., 51; comparisons, 51; description of, 51; holotype of, 51; occurrence of, 51; pl. 20 Pseudaviculopecten fasciculatus, 50; occurrence of, 51; revised description of, 50; synonyms of, 50; pl. 20 Pseudaviculopecten striatus, 49; holotype of, 50; occurrence of, 50; revised description of, 49-50; synonyms of, 49; pl. 20 Pterinea, genus, 26, 56 Pterinea bisculcata, 59 Pterinea boydi, 27 Pterinea concentrica, 44 Pterinea chemungensis, 30, 36 Pterinea consimilis, 36; holotype of, 37; pl. 12; paratype of, pl. 14 Pterinea dispanda, 36, 37 Pterinea fasciculata, 35 Pterinea flabella, 36 Pterinea husseyi, 36 Pterinea interstrialis, 36; holotype of, 37; pl. 12 Pterinea longispina, 33 Pterinea newarkensis, 36 Pterinea nodocosta, 36 Pterinea prora, 36; holotype of, 37; pl. 12 Pterinea protexta, 33 Pterinea reversa, 56 Pterinea reversa var. avis, 56 Pterinea rigida, 36; pl. 12 Pterinea suborbicularis, 55 Pterinea (Vertumnia) avis, 56 Pterinea (Vertumnia) reversa, 56 Pteronites spinigerus, 33 Pterinopecten, genus, 54-56; type species of, 54; validity of genus, 48 Pterinopecten atticus, 54 Pterinopecten (Aviculopecten) strictus, 55 Pterinopecten crenicostatus, 55, 56 Pterinopecten crenulatus, 55 Pterinopecten dispandus, 55, 56 Pterinopecten erectus, 55 Pterinopecten filitextus, 54 Pterinopecten imbecilis, 55 Pterinopecten neptunus, 55, 56 Pterinopecten strictus, 54, 56; comparisons, 54; holotype of, 54; occurrence of, 54; revised description of, 54; synonyms of, 54; pl. 23 Pterinopecten suborbicularis, 55-56; compari- 88 INDEX sons, 56; occurrence of, 56; revised descrip- tion, 56; synonyms of, 55; pl. 23 Pterinopecten undosus, 49, 54 Pterinopecten vertumnus, 54 Pterioid genera, 1 Ptychodesma, genus, 41-42, 44; type species of, 41 Ptychodesma knappianum, 41, 42 Ptychodesma minor, 41, 42; holotype of, 41; pl. 16 Ptychodesma nanum, 41 Ptychodesma neglectum, 41-42; holotype of, 41; occurrence of, 42; revised description of, 41; synonyms of, 41; pl. 16 Rasseti, Franco, 13 Rickard, Lawrence V., 2, 3, 5 Rock-stratigraphic nomenclature, 5 Rodgers, John, 4 Ruedemann, Rudolph (with J. M. Clarke), 69 Sanders, John E., 3 Sanguinolites, genus, 48, 63 Sanguinolites arcaeformis, 61 Sanguinolites chemungensis, 42 Sanguinolites undatus, 62 Sanguinolites ventricosus, 47 Schizodont genera, | Schizodus, genus, 66 Schizodus appressus, 67 Schizodus chemungensis, 66 Schizodus chemungensis var. quadrangularis, 67 Schizodus degener, 66 Schizodus ellipticus, 67 Schizodus eminens, 66 Schizodus frostburgensis, 66 Schizodus oblatus, 66 Schizodus oherni, 66 Schizodus patulus, 66 Schizodus quadrangularis, 67 Schizodus rhombeus, 66 Schizodus trigonalis, 66 Schuchert, Charles, Fund, 3 Selenimyalina, genus compared with Mytilarca, 38 Snyder Creek shale, 22 Spathella, genus, 47; type species of, 47 Spathella typica, 47-48; comparisons, 46; holo- type of, 47-47; occurrence of, 48; revised de- scription of, 47; synonyms of, 47; pl. 19 Species-level revisions of Paleozoic pelecypods, 1] Species-making, 9, 10 Sphenotus, genus, 61-63; type species of, 61 Sphenotus arcaeformis, 62 Sphenotus chemungensis, 62 Sphenotus clavulus, 61 Sphenotus contractus, 61 Sphenotus cuneatus, 61 Sphenotus palmerae, 62 Sphenotus subtortuosus, 61 Sphenotus sp., 7, 62-63; synonyms of, 62; pl. 27 Sphenotus tiogensis, n. sp., 62; comparisons, 62, 63; description of, 62; holotype of, 62; occurrence of, 62; pl. 26 Spirifer disjunctus, 5 Stratigraphic and geographic distribution of fauna, 5 Sutton, Robert G., 3, 4, 5 Synonymy, notes on, 14 Taxonomic splitting, 12 Tropidoleptus faunas, 69 Upper Chemung stage, 6 Upper Devonian stratigraphy of New York and Pennsylvania, 4 Vanuxem, Lardner, 30-31 Vertumnia, genus, 48, 56; type species of, 56 Vertumnia avis, 56; holotype of, 57; pl. 24 Vertumnia reproba, 56 Vertumnia reversa, 56-57; holotype of, 57; oc- currence of, 57; revised description of, 57; synonyms of, 56; pl. 24 Vokes, H. E., 22 Waage, Karl M., 3 Waverly-Sayre quadrangles, 6 Wedel, A. A., 6 Wellsburg formation, 2, 4, 5 Whiteaves, J. F., 67 Williams, Henry Shaler, 8, 9, 10, 11, 69; (with Cc. L; Breger), 11, 21, 22, 57, 59; (Gls (wat E. M. Kindle), 5 Yale University Peabody Museum of Natural History, 3, 7, 14, 15; Division of Invertebrate Paleontology, 14; Chemung stage specimens of Actinopteria boydi, 28; Cimitaria, 64; Cornellites chemungensis, 37; Cypricardella bellastriata, 69; Cypricardella gregaria, 70; Cypricardinia larocquei n. sp., 70-71; Edmon- dia philipi, 65; Eoschizodus chemungensis, 67; Glossites depressus, 46; Goniophora cayu- tensis, n. sp., 43; Goniophora chemungensis, 43; Grammatodon (Cosmetodon) chemun- gensis, 25; Grammysia elliptica, 60; Grammy- sioidea subarcuata, 58; Leiopteria, 31; Leiop- teria nitida, 30; Leptodesma naviforme, 33; Leptodesma_ spinigerum, 35; Lyriopecten anomiaeformis, 53; Lyriopecten tricostatus, 52; Modiomorpha mytiloides, 45; Myalina newelli, n. sp., 40; Mytilarca chemungensis, 39; Nuculana, 24; Nuculoidea corbuliformis, 23; Palaeoneilo bisulcata, 19; Pseudaviculo- pecten bradfordensis, n. sp., 51; Pseudavicu- lopecten fasciculatus, 51; Pseudaviculopecten striatus, 50; Pterinopecten strictus, 55; Pty- chodesma neglectum, 42; Spathella_ typica, 48; Vertumnia reversa, 57; Sphenotus tio- gensis, n. sp., 62 PLATES Abbreviations used in explanations: AMNH—The American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, U.S.A. NYSM—tThe New York State Museum, Albany, New York, U.S.A. YPM—Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, U.S.A. Loc.—Locality All illustrated Yale Peabody Museum specimens were collected for this study except where otherwise noted. All magnifications are given in linear (not areal) factors. All fig- ured specimens are positive composite molds unless otherwise noted. PLATE 1 All figures are X1.5 except fig. 9 (X5) and fig. 11 (X2.5). Figs. 1-18. Palaeonetlo.consivicta (Conrad) ,.. 24.05 sissies has Ses. hee ee p. 17 1.—YPM 21301, Loc. 23B. 2.—Latex cast of YPM 21302, Loc. 27. 3—YPM 21303, Loc. 75. 4,9,10—YPM 21304, Loc. 38, showing impression of dentition and muscle scars. Figs. 9 and 10 are latex casts of the composite mold shown in fig. 4. 5—YPM 21305, Loc. 66. 6.—Latex cast of YPM 21306, Loc. 38. 7.—Latex cast of YPM 21307, Loc. 34. 8.—Latex cast of YPM 21308, Loc. 33. 11—YPM 21309, Loc. 38, dorsal view of artic- ulated valves showing impression of dentition. 12—YPM 21310, Loc. 38, showing im- pression of dentition and anterior muscle scar. 13—YPM 21311, Loc. 30, showing impression of dentition. 14—YPM 21312, Loc. 34. 15—YPM 21313, Loc. 30. 16.— YPM 21314, Loc. 23B. 17.—Latex cast of YPM 21315, Loc. 38. 18.—YPM 21316, Loc. 94, showing impression of dentition. aE wy AB PEATE <2 All figures are X1.5 except fig. 1 (X2), fig. 11 (X1), and figs. 17-21 (X3). Hips! -10.ralaconelo bisulcata Halland Whitfield) «2.5.5 .55)-)<)c.).. cece scenes p» 19 1,2.—Hall’s figure and photograph of holotype, NYSM 2918, from “near Elmira, New York,” showing impression of dentition. 3—YPM 21317, Loc. 102. 4—YPM 21318, Loc. 35, showing impression of dentition. 5— YPM 21319, Loc. 87, showing unusually fine sculpture. 6.—Latex cast of YPM 21320, Loc. 75. 7.—Latex cast of YPM 21321, Loc. 75. 8—YPM 21322, Loc. 75. 9, 10.—Latex cast of YPM 21323, Loc. 23B. ics ll Geralaconelo anpusta Tall o/c. t asis.4.0)e6:c'c/s)ocre as elas elsiea ae coje sisiateere ps 2t 11, 12.—Original figure and photograph of holotype, NYSM 2915, from “near Elmira, New York,” showing impression of dentition. 13.—Latex cast of YPM 21324, Loc. 22. 14.—YPM 21325, Loc. 102, showing impression of dentition. 15.—Latex cast of YPM 21326, Loc. 102. 16.—Latex cast of YPM 21327, Loc. 87. HIPS muicomeNicilana Tostellatac: (Comrad)) (oj. -c{aisieis 0 9.0)0 05,0 vince Ys ole aes) ome el cie p. 24 17.—YPM 21328, Loc. 102. 18—YPM 21329, Loc. 102. 19.—YPM 21330, Loc. 102. 20.—YPM 21331, Loc. 102. Eee OM ine NEL GEL ULIDGL, STD Sxrc0) oy sia e's 'eic\ 'oy6\wlava'ss ee. l6.6' s).8.0.6 086 a/ehn.s oie aod Beis Sarna ay cpebeiapeye p. 24 21.—YPM 21332, Loc. 28. PLATE 3 All figures are X2 except fig. 18 (X4) and figs. 21-26 (X1.5). Figs. 1-20. Nuculoidea corbuliformis (Hall and Whitfield) ..................000 p. 22 1—YPM 21333, Loc. 102. 2—YPM 21334, Loc. 38. 3—YPM 21335, Loc. 38. 4—YPM 21336, Loc. 102. 5—YPM 21337, Loc. 102. 6—YPM 21338, Loc. 102. 7—YPM 21339, Loc. 102. 8—YPM 21340, Loc. 102. 9—YPM 21341, Loc. 23B. 10.—YPM 21342, Loc. 38. 11.—YPM 21343, Loc. 102. 12—YPM 21344, Loc.102. 13—YPM 21345, Loc. 38. 14.— YPM 21346, Loc. 66. 15—YPM 21347, Loc. 75. 16—YPM 21348, Loc. 102. 17.—Latex cast of YPM 21349, Loc. 30. 18—YPM 21350, Loc. 102, dorsal view of articulated valves showing obscure impression of dentition. 19—YPM 21351, Loc. 23B, showing shape variation on a single slab. 20—YPM 21352, Loc. 23B, showing shape variation on a single slab. Bigs 20 22 ACO MECTEOUSD. AS 5 0.5 ops) dim bis )% +.6:u.ebsin cies Anja im share ei fee p. 28 21, 22—YPM 21353, Loc. 22. Fig. 21 is a latex cast of the predominantly external “negative” of the largely internal composite mold shown in fig. 22. Bigs. 23, 24 Actinoptentar Spe TB w.sc1. <6 sie vice esa a ses = elles een one po 2 23.—YPM 21354, Loc. 84. 24.—YPM 21355, Loc. 84. Figs: 25,26. Actinopterta boydt (Contad) 2% 5.) 5 0.0. os ances os segs dee p. 27 25.—YPM 21356 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 26—YPM 21357 (collected by E. I. | Leith), Loc. 66. ys Rees Pax: PLATE 4 All figures are X1.5 except fig. 2 (X1) and figs. 16 and 17 (X3). Figs. 1-20. Grammatodon (Cosmetodon) chemungensis (Hall and Whitfield) ...... p-. 25 1, 2.—Photograph and Hall’s figure of holotype, AMNH 6132/1:1 from “near Elmira, New York.” 3.—YPM 21358, Loc. 22. 4—YPM 21359, Loc. 75. 5—YPM 21360, Loc. 75. 6—YPM 21361, Loc. 75. 7, 16—YPM 21362, Loc. 75. Fig. 16 is a latex cast of the posterior hinge impression of the specimen shown in fig. 7. 8—YPM 21363, Loc. 75. 9—YPM 21364, Loc. 75. 10.—YPM 21365, Loc. 75. 11—YPM 21366, Loc. 75. 12.— YPM 21367, Loc. 75. 13—YPM 21368, Loc. 75. 14—YPM 21369, Loc. 75. 15.—Latex cast of YPM 21370, Loc. 87. 17—NYSM 2706, from “near Meadville, Pennsylvania,” a Cassadaga stage specimen showing the cardinal dentition, figured by Hall (1885) as fig. 16 of pl. 51. 18.—Latex cast of YPM 21371, Loc. 75, dorsal view of two articulated valves. 19.—Latex cast of YPM 21372, Loc. 75, showing three valves, two of which are articulated. 20—YPM 21373, Loc. 75, showing shape variation on a single slab (the left valve is inverted). PLATES All figures are X1. Pigs Nis: hewpteria nitida Hall ..)o5 52.0250 i. ccs. s O04 oa eke 8 ee p29 1-4.—Original figures and photographs of the holotype, NYSM 2633, from “eight miles north of Binghamton, New York,” a specimen preserving both valves, the right valve (figs. 3 and 4) being distorted by compression. 5, 6.—Original figure and photograph of the holotype of Leiopteria linguiformis Hall, NYSM 8870, probably from “north of Binghamton, New York.” 7.—YPM 21374, Loc. 38. 8, 11—YPM 21375, Loc. 66 (from an early YPM collection, collector unknown), an internal mold of two articulated valves. Fig. 8 is a dorsal view. The left valve of this specimen is shown in pl. 6, fig. 11. 9.—YPM 21376, Loc. 23B, showing faint impression of posterior part of ligament area. 10.—YPM 21377, Loc. 38. 12.—Latex cast of YPM 21378, Loc. 66 (from an early YPM collection, collector unknown), a slab with fragmentary left valve and well-preserved right valve. 13.—YPM 21379, Loc. 94. PLATE 6 All figures are X1 except fig. 9 (X2). Biss leiLeropierzia. NUtaa: ELAN "serch Sore) ovelss diel otetersiovee © cise see's evs enie oslo eke pee 1, 9—YPM 21380, Loc. 30. Fig. 9 is a latex cast of the specimen of fig. 1, showing original nature of lateral dentition. 2—YPM 21381, Loc. 38. 3.—Latex cast of YPM 21382, Loc. 38. 4.—Latex cast of YPM 21383, Loc. 64. 5.—YPM 21384, Loc. 38. 6.— YPM 21385, Loc. 38. 7—YPM 21386, Loc. 22. 8—YPM 21387, Loc. 103, showing im- pression of ligament area. 10—YPM 21388, Loc. 66 (collected by E. I. Leith). 11.— YPM 21374, Loc. 66 (from an early YPM collection, collector unknown), an internal mold. Two other views of this specimen are given in figs. 8 and 11 of pl. 5. PLATE N All figures are X1.5 except fig. 1 (X1) and fig. 18. (X4/5). Hives miels-eecpiodesima naviyorme Tall) (ica .icls(ets lcci -lloin em kel isl ilo eee p- 32 1, 2.—Original figure and photograph of holotype, AMNH 6097/1:1, from “near Ithaca, New York” (probably Finger Lakes stage). 3—YPM 21389, Loc. 38. 4.—YPM 21390, Loc. 38. 5.—YPM 21391, Loc. 38. 6—YPM 21392, Loc. 38. 7—YPM 21393, Loc. 38. 8.—YPM 21394, Loc. 38. 9.—YPM 21395, Loc. 38. 10.—YPM 21396, Loc. 38. 11.— YPM 21397, Loc. 30. 12.—YPM 21398, Loc. 38. 13—YPM 21399, Loc. 30. 14.—YPM 21400, Loc. 38. 15—YPM 21401, Loc. 38, a negative composite mold of a left valve showing the spine. 16—YPM 21402, Loc. 30. 17—YPM 21403, Loc. 38, dorsal view of two articulated individuals. 18—YPM 21704, Loc. 30, showing shape variation on a single slab. PEALE. S All figures are X1.5 except fig. 1 (X1), fig. 10 (X2), fig. 11 (X1), and fig. 12 (X 1/2). Hips 0 eepiodesmammautorme EVA 2 sije.5,s o's 5) ssa ste ctans) stele lnvm ainye o's sha,s)e torah he po2 1, 5.—Original figure and photograph of the paratype figured by Hall (1884c) as fig. 1 of pl. 23, AMNH 6097/1:2, from “near Ithaca, New York” (probably Finger Lakes stage). 2.—YPM 21404, Loc. 38. 3—YPM 21405, Loc. 30. 4.—YPM 21406, Loc. 38. 6—YPM 21407, Loc. 38. 7—YPM 21408, Loc. 38, 8—Latex cast of YPM 21409, Loc. 38, show- ing shape variation on a single slab. 9—YPM 21410, Loc. 38. 10.—YPM 21411, Loc. 38. Hissmlipt2ieptodesmaspinivertsm: (CONKAG) \ 6. 5.2.s\.)s:r © stsleyolg 1S a,sid beers a), ousuee pasos 11—YPM 21412, Loc. 102, showing four articulated individuals. 12—NYSM 2516, 2518, 2524, 2609, from “Chemung River above Elmira, New York,” showing specimens from a single Chemung stage slab figured by Hall (1884c) as Leptodesma agassizi (NYSM 2516, 2518; pl. 89, figs. 17, 19), Leptodesma billingsi (NYSM 2524; pl. 89, fig. 13), and Leptodesma spinigerum (NYSM 2609; pl. 89, fig. 1). PLAICESS All figures are X1. Figs. 1-22, Leptodesma spinigerum (Contad) .2\\..200..5-+ sees seal. == eee p- 33 The odd-numbered figures are from a single bedding plane at locality 102. The even- numbered figures are holotypes (except fig. 2) of 11 species considered here to be subjective synonyms. 1.—YPM 21413, Loc. 102. 2.—Specimen figured by Hall (1884c, pl. 21, fig. 13) as Leptodesma spinigerum (Conrad), AMNH 6103/1:1, from “Painted Post, Steuben County, New York.” 3.—YPM 21414, Loc. 102. 4—Holotype of Avicula protexita Conrad, AMNH 6099/1:1, from “Chemung River, Upper Narrows, New York.” 5.—YPM 21415, Loc. 102. 6.—Holotype of Leptodesma loxias Hall, NYSM 2554, from “Lawrenceville, Tioga County, Pennsylvania.” 7—YPM 21416, Loc. 102. 8—Holotype of Leptodesma demus Hall, NYSM 2536, from “Lawrenceville, Tioga County, Penn- sylvania.”” 9.—YPM 21417, Loc. 102. 10—Holotype of Leptodesma agassizi Hall, NYSM 2517, from “Chemung River between Elmira and Waverly, New York.” 11.— YPM 21418, Loc. 102. 12—Holotype of Leptodesma creon Hall, NYSM 2532, from “Lawrenceville, Tioga County, Pennsylvania.” 13.—YPM 21419, Loc. 102. 14.—Holo- type of Leptodesma rogersi Hall, NYSM 2595, from ‘Norwich, Chenango County, New York” (probably Finger Lakes stage). 15.—Latex cast of YPM 21420, Loc. 102. 16.— Holotype of Avicula longispina Hall, AMNH 6094/1:1, from “Painted Post, New York.” 17.—YPM 21421, Loc. 102. 18.—Holotype of Leptodesma robustum Hall, AMNH 6100/ 1:1, from “Painted Post, New York.” 19.—YPM 21422, Loc. 102. 20.—Holotype of Lepto- desma shumardi Hall, NYSM 2602, from ‘“‘between Corning and Elmira, New York.” 21.—YPM 21423, Loc. 102. 22.—Holotype of Leptodesma medon Hall, NYSM 2562, from “Lawrenceville, Tioga County, Pennsylvania.” PLATE 10 All figures are X1 except figs. 2 and 3 (X1.5). ipeml-27 4 Leplrodesmaspinigerum (Conrad), 1... 6s. <0.ceieis sine isc oee nies ctee ses pace 1.—Holotype of Leptodesma becki Hall, AMNH 6090/1:1, from “Corning, New York.” 2.—YPM 21424, Loc. 102. 3—YPM 21425, Loc. 102. 4—YPM 21426, Loc. 102. 5.— YPM 21427, Loc. 102. 6—YPM 21428, Loc. 102. 7—YPM 21429, Loc. 102. 8—YPM 21430, Loc. 102. 9—YPM 21431, Loc. 102. 10.—YPM 21432, Loc. 102. 11—YPM 21433, Loc. 102. 12.—YPM 21434, Loc. 102. 13.—YPM 21435, Loc. 102. 14—YPM 21436, Loc. 102. 15.—YPM 21437, Loc. 102. 16—YPM 21438, Loc. 102. 17.—Latex cast of YPM 21439, Loc. 102. 18—YPM 21440, Loc. 102, showing two articulated individuals. 19.— YPM 21441, Loc. 86. 20—YPM 21442, Loc. 103. 21—YPM 21443, Loc. 23B. 22.— YPM 21444, Loc. 94. 23.—Latex cast of YPM 21445, Loc. 75. 24——-YPM 21446, Loc. 23B, showing two articulated valves. 25—Latex cast of YPM 21447, Loc. 66. 26.— YPM 21448, Loc. 94. 27.—YPM 21449, Loc. 94. PLATE 11 All figures are X1.5 except figs. 18, 20, and 21 (X1). p: 33 eo} a0,8 6 a © 0 0/00 be © 6 © \6 (ce 6 8 se e 0 6 8's) eee wiene Figs. 1-21. Leptodesma spinigerum (Conrad) 1—YPM 21450, Loc. 102. 2—YPM 21451, Loc. 102. 3—YPM 21452, Loc. 102. 4— YPM 21453, Loc. 102. 5—YPM 21454, Loc. 102. 6—YPM 21455, Loc. 102. 7—YPM 21456, Loc. 102. 8—YPM 21457, Loc. 102. 9—YPM 21458, Loc. 102. 10.—YPM 21459, Loc. 102. 11—YPM 21460, Loc. 102. 12—YPM 21461, Loc. 102. 13.—YPM 21462, Loc. 102. 14.—YPM 21463, Loc. 102. 15—YPM 21464, Loc. 102. 16—YPM 21465, Loc. 102. 17.—YPM 21466, Loc. 102. 18—YPM 21467, Loc. 94. 19.—YPM 21468, Loc. 102. 20.— YPM 21469, Loc. 94; the very fine reticulate surface pattern is an impression of an en- crusting bryozoan. 21.—YPM 21470, Loc. 66. PLATE 12 All figures are X1. Hips mi owGornellives chemungensts) (CONTA) 2.7. «6. < sees ncisle cl ta)~slse vile occas sae p. 36 1, 2.—Hall’s (1884) figure and photograph of holotype of Avicula pecteniformis Hall, AMNH 6073/2, from “Chemung Narrows, New York,” showing impression of grooved ligament area. 3.—Holotype of Pterinea rigida Hall, AMNH 6080/2, from “Chemung, New York.” 4.—Holotype of Pterinea prora Hall, AMNH 6079/1:1, from “near Elmira, New York,” a negative composite mold of a left valve preserving part of the right valve as a superimposed positive composite mold. 5.—Holotype of Pterinea consimilis Hall, AMNH 6076/1:1, from “near Elmira, New York.” 6.—Holotype of Pterinea inter- strialis Hall, NYSM 3044, from “Chemung Narrows, New York.” PEATE 13 All figures are X1. Figs. "1-7. ‘Cornellites chemungensis (Conrad) ©. 2. 34 6 cs + «: 22 esos 2 a oe p. 36 1.—YPM 21471, Loc. 72. 2.—Latex cast of YPM 21472, Loc. 53, the slab from which this cast was taken is shown in fig. 9 of pl. 14. 3—YPM 21473, Loc. 22. 4—YPM 21474, Loc. 23A. 5—YPM 21475, Loc. 66. 6—YPM 21476 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 7.—Latex cast of YPM 21477, Loc. 22. PEATE 14 All figures are X1 except fig. 2 (X2), fig. 6 (X1.5), and fig. 9 (X3/4). ipa MC Onmrelites Chemitngensis (CONTA): s.r. 2s «ia\h2itisrshaiele\ate!ehe sisichs) shells < saieles p- 36 1.—Latex cast of YPM 21478 (collected by R. Howell), from “Nichols, Tioga County, New York,” (probably from a glacial boulder). 2—Latex cast of YPM 21479, Loc. 53, a fragment of the anterior hinge region of a right valve showing the grooved liga- ment area. The view is looking at the interior side of the right valve. 3—YPM 21480 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 4.—YPM 21481, Loc. 53. 5.—Latex cast of YPM 21482, Loc. 22, showing impression of the grooved ligament area. 6, 8—A paratype of Pterinea consimilis figured by Hall (1884c) as fig. 23 of pl. 84, NYSM 3033, from “Nichols, Tioga County, New York,” (probably from a glacial boulder). Fig. 8 shows the entire specimen which is an internal mold of a left valve preserving impressions of the dentition and some much altered original shell material in the posterior and ventral regions. Fig. 6 is a latex cast of the hinge region showing the original nature of the cardinal and posterior dentition. 7—YPM 21483 (collected by R. Howell), from “Nichols, Tioga County, New York,” (probably from a glacial boulder). 9.—YPM 21472, Loc. 53, a slab showing two articulated individuals (at top). The cast shown in fig. 2 of pl. 13 was taken from the negative composite mold at the lower left. PLATEV15 All figures are X1 except figs. 1, 4, 6, and 13 (X2). Hugs: 1-18. Mytilarca. chemungensis . (Conrad) ‘2c. 0. Sec. ec cee se oe see p- 38 1, 2.—Holotype of Mytilarca carinata Hall, AMNH 6109/2:1, from “near Elmira, New York.” Fig. 1 is an enlargement of the hinge region showing the obscure impression of the grooved ligament area. 3.—A previously unfigured specimen from Hall’s col- lection, AMNH 6108/1:1, from “near Elmira, New York.” 4-7.—Photographs and origi- nal figures of the specimen showing the cardinal and posterior dentition figured by Hall (1884c) as fig. 19 of pl. 32 and fig. 8 of pl. 33, AMNH 6109/2:2, from “near Elmira, New York.” 8—YPM 21484, Loc. 75. 9—YPM 21485, Loc. 75. 10.—YPM 21486, Loc. 75. 11.—YPM 21487 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 22. 12—YPM 21488, Loc. 22. 13, 14.— Latex cast of YPM 21489, Loc. 103. Fig. 13 is an enlargement of the hinge region showing the obscure impression of the grooved ligament area. 15.—YPM 21490, Loc. 75. 16—YPM 21491, Loc. 75. 17—The specimen figured by Hall (1884c) as fig. 17 of pl. 32, AMNH 6109/1:1, from “near Elmira, New York.” 18.—YPM 21492, Loc. 75. PLATE 16 All figures are X1.5 except figs. 1-7 and 9 (X1). Rigianiyilarca chemungensts (CONTA) <2 o.c0- c'sta we ae os 06 acct ane tdcscae sss p-. 38 1.—Holotype of Mytilarca attenuata Hall and Whitfield, NYSM 2824, from “Elmira, New York,” probably from a glacial boulder. ESC mV ALTE TLCTUELLP, (MMs SPI) = clasps ott) a a's coe) si.) ao a) ein! sheleteh aaifee el efanelielerslcl=| ahelevey ove pe 20 2.—Latex cast of holotype, YPM 21493, Loc. 23A; the large extension at the lower right is not original but was caused by a crack in the negative mold from which the cast was taken. 3.—YPM 21494, Loc. 53. 4—YPM 21495, Loc. 53. 5.—Latex cast of YPM 21496, Loc. 34. amNY ALEIUDE OS Pona ater ate leis ata eleeintaiare' aiolelale «|e!» 2 «(ci ala) + s olelatelgreicisieints/®: «/e(clels siete /ainielni « jeans 6.—Latex cast of YPM 21502, Loc. 87. Higsmiecomeiycwodesma imeplectun (Elall), «.. oe 5.63 ois ces salen wee cians se gierele p- 41 7, 8.—Original figure and photograph of holotype, AMNH 6136/1, from “near Elmira, New York.” 9, 10.—Original figure and photograph of holotype of Ptychodesma minor Hall, AMNH 6133/2, from “‘near Elmira, New York.” 11—YPM 21503, Loc. 75. 12.— Latex cast of YPM 21504, Loc. 87. 13.—YPM 21505, Loc. 66. 14.—YPM 21506, Loc. 75. 15.—Latex cast of YPM 21507, Loc. 75. 16.—Latex cast of YPM 21508, Loc. 75. 17.— YPM 21509, Loc. 75. 18—YPM 21510, Loc. 75, showing two articulated individuals. 19.—YPM 21511, Loc. 75. 20—YPM 21512, Loc. 22. 21—YPM 21513, Loc. 75, 22.— YPM 21514, Loc. 75. 23.—YPM 21515, Loc. 75. PLATE 17 All figures are X1. Figs. 1-11. Goniophora chemungensis (Vanuxem) .........---.--- +++ se eeee OB ars 1, 2.—Hall’s figure and photograph of holotype, NYSM 2407, from “Owego, New York.” 3.—YPM 21516, Loc. 30. 4—YPM 21517, Loc. 38. 5—YPM 21518, Loc. 30. 6.— YPM 21519, Loc. 38. 7—YPM 21520, Loc. 38. 8—YPM 21521, Loc. 38. 9.—YPM 21522, Loc. 38, showing shape variation on a single slab. 10—YPM 21523, Loc. 33. 11—YPM 21524, Loc. 73. "ee —_ aR PLATE 18 All figures are X1 except figs. 1-3 (X1.5). issnel pe GOMlO PON: CAVMULETESIS, Ms: SPe 101016 cxe: «<)s sJoie 8ieha siege 6 046s 4 ss 42S ss, helo yer p- 43 1, 2.—Holotype, a specimen preserving both valves in articulation, YPM 21525, Loc. 65. Fig. 2 is a dorsal view showing the prominent escutcheon. MEG ITLUO DILOVEN Si evilcotd sere coher ai 9 eho Sicko! side! e008 wl inica Asli ca Alaa atel quabole\aia el giel oar eleleiatehane p. 44 3.—YPM 21527, Loc. 66. Picesme tals GLOSSELESHACPTESSUS EAL 5, 5.2 scrsns Gla slelove action ee quien else 0.4 8 sreloleie ecial p. 46 4, 5.—Original figure and photograph of holotype, AMNH 6178/1, from “near Elmira, New York.” 6.—Latex cast of YPM 21528, Loc. 66, showing anterior muscle scar im- pression. 7—YPM 21529, Loc. 22. 8—YPM 21530, Loc. 66. 9.—Latex cast of YPM 21531, Loc. 66. 10.—Latex cast of YPM 21532, Loc. 66. 11.—Latex cast of YPM 21533, Loc. 66. 12.—The specimen shown by Hall (1885) as fig. 15 of pl. 40, NYSM 2377, from “near Elmira, New York.” 13—YPM 21534, Loc. 96, showing a faint impression of the anterior muscle scar and a possible ligament groove. PLATE 19 All figures are X1 except fig. 3 (X2). Pies-usspatnela typica Wall 2... scl ee + ances « © dels one = hes oie peal 1, 2.—Original figure and photograph of the holotype, AMNH 6177/1:1, from “Che- mung County, New York.” 3—YPM 21535, Loc. 75. 4—YPM 21536, Loc. 33. 5.—Latex cast of YPM 21537, Loc. 75. 6.—Latex cast of YPM 21538, Loc. 23A. 7.—Latex cast of YPM 21539, Loc. 86. 8—YPM 21540, Loc. 75. 9.—Latex cast of YPM 21541, Loc. 22. 10.—Latex cast of YPM 21542, Loc. 34. 11—YPM 21543, Loc. 66. 12—YPM 21544, Loc. 22. 13.—YPM 21545, Loc. 87. Figs) 14-16: Modiomorpha myitiloides (Contad) 5.2. 0.0 c 2. oes was ole le eee Peto 14—YPM 21546 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 15—YPM 21547 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 16.—YPM 21548 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 4 Biss: TRESS a S55 . . LEAN PET RY GEIR DS ANAL SED IBIS IT RE TH PLATE 20 All figures are X1.5 except figs. 1, 14, and 15 (X1). All are probably left valves except fig. 14. Hips WO ehseidaviculopecten. striatus (Tlall) «x. //eataw «tees «ele wo = = mae 210) o1e 2201s p. 49 1, 2.—Hall’s (1884) figure and photograph of holotype, AMNH 6058/1, from “Painted Post, Steuben County, New York.” 3.—YPM 21549, Loc. 75. 4—YPM 21550, Loc. 23B. 5.—YPM 21551, Loc. 23B. 6—YPM 21552, Loc. 75. 7—YPM 21553, Loc. 75. 8.— Holotype of Aviculopecten plenus Hall, NYSM 2273, from “near Elmira, New York.” 9.—YPM 21554, Loc. 66. 10—YPM 21555, Loc. 66. HieseiiclawEscudavuiculopecten fasctculatus (Elall) (30s. 2. cst ces sence lace ss cess = p- 50 11.—YPM 21556 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 12—YPM 21557, Loc. 72. 13.— YPM 21558 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. Hips. 4a. Eseudaviculopecten bradfordensts, M.'SP.. <2.) sjo-. 2202 cass nessa = ns pawl 14.—Holotype, YPM 21559, Loc. 96. 15—YPM 21560 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. PLATE 21 All figures are X1. Figs. 1-8. Lyrtopecten tricostatus (Vanuxem)) 2.2. 22%). +2253... 50008. ses eee p- 52 1, 2.—Hall’s figure and photograph of probable holotype, NYSM 2705, from “Barker Sta- tion, Broome County, New York” (probably Finger Lakes stage). 3—YPM 21561, Loc. 75. 4—The specimen shown by Hall (1884c) as fig. 11 of pl. 48, AMNH 6064/1:1, from “Chemung County, New York.” 5.—The specimen shown by Hall (1884c) as fig. 7 of pl. 10, AMNH 6064/1:2, from “near Elmira, New York,” showing faint impression of grooved ligament area. 6.—The specimen shown by Hall (1884c) as fig. 6 of pl. 10, AMNH 6064/3, from “Big Flats, Chemung County, New York” (probably from a gla- cial boulder), showing faint impression of grooved ligament area. 7.—A previously un- figured specimen from Hall’s collection, AMNH 6064/1:3, from “Upper Narrows, Che- mung County, New York.” 8.—The specimen shown by Hall (1884c) as fig. 12 of pl. 10, AMNH 6064/2, from ‘“‘Upper Chemung Narrows, Chemung County, New York.” SERN SAY a) PEATE 22 All figures are X1. All are probably left valves except figs. 5 and 6. Rigs ieyreopecicr anomiacyormts Elall ('.'.'. secs soce laser estes se shee sss eee pes 1, 2.—Original figure and photograph of holotype, AMNH 6060/1, from “Chemung Creek, New York.” 3.—YPM 21562, Loc. 34. 4.—Latex cast of YPM 21563, Loc. 23A. 5.—The specimen shown by Hall (1884c) as fig. 10 of pl. 10. AMNH 6060/2, from “Chemung River, Upper Narrows, New York,” a fragmentary right valve showing byssal notch and obscure impression of grooved ligament area. 6.—Latex cast of YPM 21564, Loc. 34, a right valve showing byssal notch. 7—YPM 21565 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 48. ioe sly mopecven tricostatus (VaMUxeM)) 05 sc. <0 sce «c+ ode c sees sins cana pe 92 8.—Holotype of Lyriopecten cymbalon Hall, AMNH 6061/1, from a “boulder near El- mira, New York.” PLATE 23 All figures are X1 except fig. 11 (X3/4). Piss, l-s- Pterinopecten strictus Tall. ocincs' amie = © oe ee pop 1, 3 (upper), 4—Original figure and photographs of holotype, NYSM 3082, from “near Elmira, New York.” Fig. 4 is a latex cast of the original negative composite mold shown in fig. 3. 2, 3(lower).—Original figure (Hall, 1884c, pl. 24, fig. 2) and photograph of right valve on same slab as the holotype, probably the original right valve of the holotype. 5.—YPM 21566, Loc. 75. 6—YPM 21567, Loc. 103. 7.—Latex cast of YPM 21568, (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 21, a fragmentary right valve. 8.—Latex cast of YPM 21569, Loc. 103, a fragmentary right valve. Bigs: 9,10. Prerinopecten suborbicularts (Hall) «...... 220. <2)... heise eee p- 55 9.—Latex cast of YPM 21570, Loc. 76. 10.—Latex cast of YPM 21571, Loc. 76. Fue 11. Eyriopecten magnificus’ Hall’. ..5. 0. enews ce ons owes s a tote ee p. 54 11.—Latex cast of holotype, NYSM 2697, from “Montrose, Pennsylvania.” TA Str [Bes PEATE 22 All figures are X1. igs qeuentumnta Teversa, (fall)... ss... sss ieee. eee atte tc alee eso cei nieleinieis le p- 56 1, 2.—Original figure and photograph of holotype, AMNH 6075/1, from “Chemung River, Upper Narrows, New York.” 3.—Latex cast of YPM 21572 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66, a fragmentary right valve. 4—The specimen figured by Hall (1884c) as fig. 24 of pl. 84, AMNH 6075/2, from “Elmira, New York.” 5—YPM 21573 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 22. 6—YPM 21574, Loc. 75. 7.—Latex cast of the holotype of Vertumnia avis (Hall), AMNH 6074/1:1, from “near Elmira, New York.” PLATE 25 All figures are X1 except fig. 6 (X1.5). Figs. 1-7. Grammysioidea subarcuata (Hall and Whitfield) ..................005- p. 58 1, 2.—Holotype, AMNH 6150/3, from “near Elmira, New York,” a specimen preserving both valves in articulation. 3—YPM 21575, Loc. 103, ventral view of articulated valves showing lunule. 4.—A previously unfigured specimen from Hall’s collection, AMNH 6150/8, from “Chemung Upper Narrows, New York,” dorsal view of articulated valves showing the umbones. 5, 6.—The specimen shown by Hall (1885) as fig. 15 of pl. 61, AMNH 6150/4, from “near Elmira, New York.” Fig. 6 is a view of the cardinal hinge region showing the umbo. 7.—The specimen shown by Hall (1885) as fig. 12 of pl. 61, AMNH 6150/2, from “Chemung, New York.” Buges 8. GrammMyStOide@ SP. sie veins isis «=< cise s Sp slo ela ute aisles ble SRC eee p: 59 8—YPM 21576, Loc. 23A, dorsal view of articulated valves. TO MG TATUILY SEMSTIS ala Hos ict lao vor 6 5 \ohetin.tie sye/'nse wio-0.0 selec ele. s/eln eile eo ee p. 61 9.—Latex cast of YPM 21577, Loc. 89. Figs. 10-12. Grammysia elliptica Hall and Whitheld ...........55...+-=-smeeene p- 60 10.—Latex cast of YPM 21578, Loc. 38. 11.—YPM 21579, Loc. 38. 12.—YPM 21560, Loc. 34. VO LIP AE mF igo so Dp EA ie PLATE 26 All figures are X1.5 except figs. 15 and 16 (X1). Pisa ice SPRCIOLUS ELOZENSIS, MiSs o2 22 oes oo slele cele selec leet 6 «evelyn tae p- 62 1.—Holotype, YPM 21561, Loc. 86. 2—YPM 21562, Loc. 102. 3—YPM 21563, Loc. 75. 4.—YPM 21564, Loc. 102. 5—YPM 21565, Loc. 34. 6—YPM 21566, Loc. 34. 7.— Latex cast of YPM 21567, Loc. 35. 8—YPM 21568, Loc. 34. 9—YPM 21569, Loc. 34. 10.—YPM 21570, Loc. 94. 11.—Latex cast of YPM 21571, Loc. 35. 12.—Latex cast of YPM 21572, Loc. 102. 13.—Latex cast of YPM 21573, Loc. 35. 14.—YPM 21574, Loc. 23B. Biggest tO 71a AN CUlALA GEL AlN \arejcics o>. 2) shels/ate)cieiate ctalsiafcl= ele las © © afelw ele) e)eictel p. 63 15.—A previously unfigured specimen from Hall’s collection, NYSM 11402, from “Chemung [Lower?] Narrows, Tioga County, New York.” 16.—Holotype, NYSM 2295, from “between Elmira and Waverly, Tioga County, New York.” [Both speci- mens were probably found at Loc. 66 of this report.] PLATE 27 All figures are X1 except fig. 1 (X1.5). Hage MU SPRENOLUS /SDo iio cists ss <'s « MOAR ESRB noi k~ w= a eee ene p. 62 1.—Holotype of Orthonota rigida Hall, AMNH 6185/1, from “‘near Elmira, New York.” Figs. 2-21. Edmondta philipit Hall and Whitfield ........ 2.25.5... sss +0 omen p. 64 2, 3.—Hall’s figure and photograph of holotype, AMNH 6171/1:1, from “Philipsburgh [now Belmont], New York” (Cassadaga stage). 4—YPM 21575, Loc. 34. 5—YPM 21576, Loc. 34. 6—YPM 21577, Loc. 86. 7—YPM 21578, Loc. 30. 8—YPM 21579, Loc. 96. 9.—YPM 21580, Loc. 87. 10.—YPM 21581, Loc. 66. 11.—Latex cast of YPM 21582, Loc. 22. 12.—YPM 21583, Loc. 86. 13.—YPM 21584, Loc. 66. 14.—Latex cast of YPM 21585, Loc. 87. 15.—YPM 21586, Loc. 66. 16—YPM 21587, Loc. 22. 17.—Latex cast of YPM 21588, Loc. 87. 18—YPM 21589, Loc. 22. 19.—YPM 21590, Loc. 66. 20.—YPM 21591, Loc. 87. 21.—YPM 21592, Loc 22. PLATE 28 All figures are X1. Ficsql-l2sHoschtzoausr chemungensis (Conrad) ......--------2.-.2-----++-0-- p. 66 1.—The specimen shown by Hall (1885) as fig. 33 of pl. 75, AMNH 6157/1:1, from “near Elmira, New York.” 2.—Latex cast of YPM 21593, Loc. 66. 3—The specimen shown by Hall (1885) as fig. 40 of pl. 75, AMNH 6156/2:1, from “three miles north of Factory- ville, Tioga County, New York.” 4.—Latex cast of YPM 21594, Loc. 22. 5.—YPM 21595, Loc. 33. 6—YPM 21596, from ‘“‘Lindley, New York” (from an early YPM collec- tion, collector unknown). 7.—The specimen shown by Hall (1885) as fig. 37 of pl. 75, AMNH 6156/2:2, from “three miles north of Factoryville, Tioga County, New York.” 8. —YPM 21597, Loc. 66 (collected by E. I. Leith). 9—The specimen shown by Hall (1885) as fig. 32 of pl. 75, AMNH 6157/1:2, from “near Elmira, New York.” 10.—Holo- type of Cytherodon (Schizodus) quadrangularis Hall, AMNH 6157/2, from “Tioga County, New York.” 11.—Holotype of Paracyclas rotunda (Hall), NYSM 2986, from “Kirkwood, Broome County, New York.” 12.—YPM 21598, Loc. 87. PLATE, 29 All figures are X1.5. Figs. 1-8."Gypricardella bellastriata (Conrad))< .0..3.5 2...) oici's 6 «ino pe p. 68 1.—Latex cast of YPM 21599, Loc. 74. 2—YPM 21600 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 3—YPM 21601 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 4—YPM 21602, Loc. 73. 5.— YPM 21603 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 6—YPM 21604 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 7—YPM 21605 (collected by E. I. Leith), Loc. 66. 8—YPM 21606, Loc. 103. 4 eng PLATE 30 All figures are X1.5 except fig. 12 (X2) and figs. 20 and 23 (X3). Figs. 1-11. Cypricardella bellastriata (Conrad) ............ 2s eee eee ee eee eens p- 68 1—YPM 21607, Loc. 23B. 2.—YPM 21608, Loc. 75. 3.—YPM 21609, Loc. 22, showing impression of hinge plate. 4—YPM 21610, Loc. 23A, showing impression of hinge plate and anterior muscle scar. 5.—Latex cast of YPM 21611, Loc. 23A, showing faint impression of hinge plate. 6—YPM 21612, Loc. 23A, showing impression of anterior muscle scar. 7.—YPM 21613, Loc. 94. 8—YPM 21614, Loc. 22. 9.—YPM 21615, Loc. 87. 10.—YPM 21616, Loc. 75. 11.—YPM 21617, Loc. 86, showing impression of anterior muscle scar. ies elS.w Oy pricardenia Spy Avia. oo. oa. s cielsecielsim ee deine else onls eel ol ss ciciee p. 7! 12, 13—Original figure and photograph of holotype of Cypricardinia arcuata Hall, NYSM 2341, from “near Elmira, New York.” EAS Ani Gy PTICATAINUEG? ISP: PID fe) 2 0 olin = or= woe ahs aie ecw e(iesermimiy @ # fe cues eis ole) 21 > me (ele unre pi 7! 14.—YPM 21618, Loc. 23B. 15.—YPM 21619, Loc. 23B. 16.—YPM 21620, Loc. 73. 17.— YPM 21621, Loc. 23B. Bipsrals 23. 1Gy PiCAnaiiia lATOCGUCE, TM. SP... sa.