I - . ■■ ; 1 1 L fc 1 t 1 , ■. I ' , i [ ! . . . , « ; . i ; i ". ^ - : ■ ; 1 Av^ 'i''i-\i^ o\< -i^fti. ^/y^. IV CUw.. ^^. -^ tL, ^JUr-^. Experiment Station Library. Glass Number hS2^ <^ Volume (g , ^^* j^ Source '^CV/C\%a^i->C^^^^^^^^ '0 o-^HMr<-M,ctiAA< Keceived So.'fe>^i^^tr<^. ,...V Cost ykCy^^^^Aryr^.^.f.yi^.P...^ Accession No. 3 5:^^ Bulletin 172 June, 1914 NE\^ HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE MENDELISM IN MELONS l^^''^ ^^/^m^. ' ■>^- i*tiiaM«'- Bv DAVID LUMSDEN NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND THE MECHANIC ARTS DURHAM, N. H. NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICLLTLRAL EXPERI- MENT STATION. Board of Control. Hon. E. H. WASON, B. S., Nashua Hon. W. H. CADWELL, B. S., Peterborough Hon. J. W. PRENTISS, Alstead Hon. J. A. TUFTS, A. B., Exeter Pres. E. T. FAIRCHILD, A. M., LL. D., ex-officio, Durham The Station Staff. EDWARD T. FAIRCHILD, A. M., LL. D., President, ex- officio. JOHN C. KENDALL, B. S., Director. FREDERICK W. TAYLOR, B. Sc. (Agr.), Agronomist. B. E. curry, a. B., Chemist. FRED RASMUSSEN, B. S. A., Dairyman. W. C. O'KANE, A. M., Entomologist. J. H. FOSTER, B. ^., M. F., Forester. J. H. GOURLEY, B. S., Horticulturist. O. B. BUTLER, Ph. D., Botanist. J. M. JONES, B. S. (Agr.), A. M., Animal Husbandman. C. W. STONE, A.^. M., Farmer and Vice-Director. W. H. WOLFF, M. A., Assistant Horticulturist. J. B. SCHEERER, B. S., Assistant in Olericulture. T. 0. SMITH, A. B., Assistant Chemist. CAROLINE A. BLACK, Ph. D., Assistant Botanist. FRANK APP, B. S., Assistant Agronomist. W. E. STOKES, M. S., Assistant Agronomist. C. H. HADLEY, Jr., B. S., Assistant Entomologist. Assistants to the Staff. MABEL HODGKINS, A. S., B. S., Librarian. MIRIAM L. HOBBS, Purchasing Agent. BEATRICE M. RICHMOND, Bookkeeper. LAURA B. BICKFORD, Stenographer. ELIZABETH E. MEHAFFEY, Assistant Librarian and Mailing Clerk. JANET E. McDonald, stenographer. MENDELISM IN MELONS. David Lvmsden. INTRODUCTION. During the season 1908, Prof. H. F. Hall, horticulturist at the New Hampshire Experiment Station, and the writer had various discussions with reference to plant breeding, together with the advisability of growing choice muskmelons in the greenhouses during the summer months when the houses were not occupied by carnation plants — between the months of June 1st to Sep- tember 20th. Before the work had been outlined Professor Hall resigned as horticulturist and the project was commenced by the writer. No funds were available at that timie by which the proj- ect could be carried out, so it was at first conducted privately. A test was first made of several varieties of muskmelons and cantaloupes, some of which are mentioned in the following para- graph. Sutton's Sujjerlative, an English muskmelon bearing fruits of medium size, almost round and beautifully netted,- — no ribbing being discernible on the fruits, — color of the skin green, flesh a deep salmon pink and very thick, cavitj^ mediu^ii sized and round- ish, seeds many and of a large size, rind or skin hard and thick. Delices de la table, a French cantaloupe with a yellow or straw colored skin, fruits large in size and deeply ribbed, scarcely any signs of netting were noticeable on the fruits, shape of the fruit obtuse-elliptical, flesh a light salmon pink and of medium thick- ness, cavity large and elliptical in shape, seeds small in size and not numerous, rind or skin of melon thin and soft. Other varie- ties of choice muskmelons grown were Rockyford, Burrill's Gem, Ford Hook, Hackensack, Honeydrop, and Jenny Lind. Very interesting data were obtained from this variety test regarding strength and vigor of varieties, freeness regarding the setting of fruits, earliness or lateness of varieties in ripening, firm- ness of fruits, together with their dessert qualities. This project was carried on in the college greenhouses and the flavor of the fruits of all varieties was much superior to the 4 K. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 172 melons which we had been previously growing outside on pre- pared land. This may easily be accounted for owing to the shortness of the growing season in our northern climate, as melons do not mature and develop quality as they do further south in the melon regions. In England the melon is very highly prized as a dessert fruit; its cultivation is, however, limited to glass houses and frames, and on many private estates greenhouses are erected for the sole purpose of raising choice melons for the table; the melons being supported under the roof of the house by means of a wire trellis. These melon ranges are usually of a low and narrow form of con- struction. We find that comparatively few melons are raised in the state of New Hampshire, perhaps due to the fact that they do not mature early enough and are picked from the vines long before the ripening period and when served as a dessert fruit are lacking in quality. The writer has had an opportunity to visit many fairs and horticultural exhibitions in the state, and to observe the quality of melons on display, and it is noticeable that the average exhibitor errs oftentimes in sacrificing quality for size of fruit. However, when size of fruits can be obtained without sac- rificing quality, it creates interest in the exhibition hall and finds a ready sale on the market. A few years ago smaller varieties were in demand, today however we find well grown specimens of the Montreal and other large types of melons increasing in popu- larity. Taking into consideration this present market condition a large melon Delices de la table was selected as one of the parents, and Sutton^s Superlative, a medium sized melon as the other. Also recognizing that these two varieties were practically pure this cross furnished excellent material for our Mendelian studies. HISTORICAL. The melon (Cucumis Melo) is perhaps the richest and most highly valued plant in the family Curcurbitaceae. Its native habitat is the hotter parts of Asia and it is supposed to have been introduced from there to Europe at the commencement of the Christian era. In the Far East where melons grow plentifully the fruit forms one of the chief articles of food for the inhabitants. June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 5 In the more northern sections of this country success is raiely attainable without the aid of frames or greenhouses and artificial heat. Several years ago before melons were raised in quantity in Colorado and others of the more southern states, the fruit was considered a luxury. The melon is classed as a trailing plant, and if trained to cover a trellis is partially self-supporting, attaching itself by its numer- ous tendrils. The flowers are monoecious, i. e., the male and female flowers are borne separately on the same plant, the flowers being produced in the axles of the leaf stalks. The male flowers are far the more numerous of the two sexes. The variety Rocky- ford is an exception, it being hermaphroditic, the stamens and pistil being produced in the same flower; it also has purely stam- inate flowers which are produced in great profusion. CLASSIFICATION. In the Cj^clopedia of American Horticulture, Bailey gives the following classification of melons. "There are two general types of commercial muskmelons in North America, — the furrowed and hard-rind tj^pes, known as nutmeg or netted melons. . . . The various strains of netted melons are the ones mostly grown in the North for the home gar- den and for early market. The cantaloupes are mostly longer season varieties." In Bulletin No. 2 of the New Hampshire College Experiment Station, F. William Rane states that muskmelons readily group themselves into eight distinct classes, or what he has chosen to call types. These types are arranged primarily according to size, and secondarily according to the shape of the fruit. After first distinguishing the types the sub-classification of each type was made as follows: Whether ribbed, shallow or deep, or not ribbed; secondly, whether netted or not netted; and third, whether the color of flesh was green or salmon. Beginning with the smaller melons the types designated by Rane were as follows: (1) Jenny Lind, (2) Rockyford, (3) Hack- ensack, (4) Montreal, (5) Cosmopolitan, (6) Acme-Osage, (7) Long Yellow, (8) Bay View. Sutton' s Superlative muskmelon, the female parent of the hybrid, would come under the No. 5 group or Cosmopolitan as classified N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [BuUetin 172 by Rane. In the first place as this melon does not show any rib- bing, and secondly by its size, it being a medium sized melon, averaging four to five pounds. Sutton's Superlative, as all other varieties of the Cosmopolitan type, shows netting to a marked degree. Delices de la table, the male parent of the hybrid, would be classified as a cantaloupe, although differing somewhat from the description of the cantaloupe as given by Bailey in that it retains the furrowed or ribbed character, but has a soft rind. All the other characters of a cantaloupe are manifest in this variety. Fig. 1. Cross section, of melons showing comparative sizes of cavities and thickness of flesh. Seeds not removed. COMMERCIAL VALUE OF HYBRIDS. It is an undisputed fact that a melon to attain the highest state of perfection should be allowed to ripen on the plant, as the qual- ity of a melon thus produced will be greatlj'' enhanced, in fact the acme of quality in a melon can in no other way be obtained. If a fruit is picked from the vine several days previous to the ripen- ing period the flavor and quality will be greatly impaired. On account of having to ship muskmelons a long distance to the market, and they having to pass through various hands before reaching the consumer, it is highly desirable to produce a fruit that would manifest to a high degree the following characteristics : First, — Its quality should be the highest. June, '14] MENDELISM IX MELONS. Second,^ — ^Depth of flesh or solidity of flesh should be marked, a small cavity being desirable. Third, — It should be of attractive appearance and uniform in size. Fourth, — Its outer skin should be firm and hard-rined with a depth of flesh manifest at the blossom end of the fruit. Netting is usually considered desirable. These points are important. Many of our market melons today have a decidedly large cavity, and in many there is a con- Fig. 2. Cross section of melons showing sizes of cavities and thickness of flesh. Seeds removed. siderable reduction of flesh near the blossom end of the fruit. This character is detrimental, first, because the flesh at the blos- som end ripens and decays earlier than other portions of the fruit; second, because that portion is more easily bruised in handling and in transportation. Figures Nos. 1 and 2 show in detail the structure of the hybrid melon in this respect and hence its supe- riority as a commercial melon. FLAVOR AND QUALITY IN FRUIT. Sutton's Superlative, the female parent of the hybrid, is acknowl- edged by connoisseurs to be a melon, of very good quality; it has a musk flavor and is moderately sweet, while Delices de la table, 8 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 172 the male parent, is a melon of large size and its flavor is remark- ably refreshing without being too sweet and sickly as are some of the types of English muskmelons. As a general rule the French cantaloupes do not take on the English markets; the same is true of the Enghsh muskmelons when offered for sale in Paris, the flavor of each type of melon being peculiarly characteristic of itself. English people prefer to serve the muskmelon with sugar and grated ginger, while the French invariably serve the cantaloupe with salt. The hybrid melon inherits traits from each parent, the flavor being a decided blend of the English musk and the French canta- loupe; the close netting inherited from the female parent together with its almost round form gives it a pleasing and very attrac- tive appearance. Sutton's Superlative, the female parent, may be classed among the hard-rind melons; this characteristic also is transmitted in a marked degree to the offspring. The quality inherited from the blend of the muskmelon and cantaloupe, with even- ness of ripening, renders the melon a very desirable market variety. Several specimens of this melon were exhibited before the Massachusetts Horticultural Society at the fall exhibition, Sep- tember, 1911, and were awarded a first-class certificate. The hybrid melons were also exhibited before the same society at the fall exhibition, 1913, and were awarded the Massachusetts Hor- ticultural Society's Silver Medal. CULTURAL TREATMENT. Greenhouse No. 1 of the college range was used for the work (see Fig. 3) during the first season; the following seasons for F2 and F3 generations of hybrids. Houses No. 5 and No. 6 were used in order that a larger number of plants could be grown. The melons were raised from seeds, sown singly in 2\ inch pots during the month of April, and were repotted soon after the first character leaf appeared. Good heav}^ loam, friable rather than of an adhesive nature, was placed on the benches to a depth of 6 inches; well decomposed manure was added at the rate of 1 part manure to 4 parts of soil, care being exercised that the soil June, 14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 9 was not made too rich, so as to induce an over luxuriant growth of vine. After fruits were set on vines food was added by apply- ing bone meal as a top dressing to the bed, three applications being given covering a period of six weeks, one-half ounce being applied to each square foot of space at each application. Plenty of light and a moderate amount of air was given the plants in order to make them strong and sturdy. The tempera- Fig. 3. Melons in Greenhouses. The two shown on either side of the house are the parent forms of the cross on which the studies in inheritance of characters have been made. Sutton's Superlative on the right; DeUces de la table on the left. ture of the houses were kept as constant as possible and all through the growing period the atmosphere of the houses were kept charged with moisture by syringing the walks and under the benches twice a day with water. After the plants developed five or six shoots beyond the cotyledons the stem was pinched off; three shoots Avere allowed to develop from the main stem. Side shoots were developed in due course and when the laterals were about 18 inches long they were pinched back one inch above the fifth or sixth leaf, other shoots developing afterward were treated in the same wav. 10 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 172 The first female blossoms to appear were suppressed for two reasons: first, that the plants might gain more strength before fruiting; second, in order that three or four flowers may open on each vine simultaneously, and when pollinated would develop fruits more even in size than if the flowers are pollinated with a few days' difference between. Oftentimes if one fruit gets too much of a lead it is somewhat difficult to get other melons to set on the vine owing to the fact that the nutriment is being rapidly acquired in development of the first fruit set. Throughout the entire period of growth watering and ventila- tion were carefully attended to, water being applied to the beds early in the morning. As the melons arrived at maturity, which is first noticeable by the change of color in the skin of some varieties and by the aroma, also by the stem of the melon com- mencing to crack and lift from the fruit, — this latter is a sure sign the melon is approaching maturity, — the fruits were cut and placed in a refrigerator before sampling them for quality, etc. In House No. 1 the vines on the center benches were trained on a wooden A-shaped trellis, having wires stretched lengthwise of the house at. a distance of 12 inches apart, and planted at a distance of 3 feet apart. Plants grown on the side benches were planted at the same distance apart and allowed to trail over the benches as in outdoor culture, with the exception that stopping or pinching was attended to in the same manner as when grown on the trellis. In Houses No. 5 and No. 6 the plants were treated in a similar manner, uniform growth being noticeable throughout. PARENT STOCK. Seeds of Sutton's Superlative melon were imported direct from the originators, Sutton & Sons, Reading, England, this melon ^ being the results of a cross between the varieties, ''Royal Favor- ite" (white flesh), and "Westley Hall" (scarlet flesh). The former variety bore fruits quite smooth, round and well netted, while the latter was somewhat oval in shape and netted. Seeds of Delices de la table were imported from INIessrs. Vilmorin & Sons, Paris, France. Two varieties of cantaloupe melons are grown in France, namelj'', the Prescott hatif a' chassis, and the Prescott Letter from Sutton & Sons dated February 7, 1914. Juno, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 11 fond blanc. A silvery variety (argente) is also grown. Delices de la table belongs to the latter or silvery class. All these melons have roundish irregular, somewhat ribbed fruits, the skin being mottled with shades of green and white, and toward the ripening period assume shades of yellowish brown. OBJECT OF THE EXPERIMENT. Recognizing the fundamental importance of heredity, and its great value when applied to the practice of breeding, this work presented an opportunity to ascertain, if possible, how melons Mendelize. Gregor Mendel pointed out that, in a breeding ex- periment, plants must be selected that possess differentiating characters, and that the hybrid plants must be protected from the influence of foreign pollen during the flowering period. The former requirement was adequately fulfilled in the selection of a muskmelon and a cantaloupe as each of these possessed differ- entiating characters. The latter requirement was easily and readily accomplished in utiUzing a greenhouse for this purpose, the ventilators and openings to the house being kept carefully screened by the use of mosquito netting. CHARACTERS CONSIDERED. In breeding work there are many characters which may be considered in any given kind of plants but only the outstanding ones, which the student believes would be carried as unit-charac- ters and can be easily determined, are selected. The following characters are readily studied in melons and hence are here con- sidered: 1. As regards Form of Fruit. 2. As regards Color of Skin. 3. As regards Size of Seeds. 4. As regards Size of Fruits. 5. As regards Ribbing. 6. As regards Netting. Also whether in melon-breeding work the recognition of the following forms of heredity are manifest : (a) Blended Inheritance. Whether in crossing parents which differ regarding certain pairs of allelomorphs the hybrid is found to be a blend. 12 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [BuUetin 172 (b) Mosaic Inheritance. Whether a form of variegation of pie-bald color manifests itself in any of the hj'brids. • (c) Alternative Inheritance. Where one character of a com- plementary pair is inherited to the apparent exclusion of the other. Fi GENERATION. During the season 1909, 80 seeds of the cross SS x 149* were sown, and in the offspring several of the melons resembled the Fig. 4. Parents and offspring in melon cross. 149, Delices de la table, a French cantaloupe with yellow or straw colored skin, deep ribbing, and no netting; and Sutton's Superlative, an English muskmelon with a dark green skin, very close netting, no ribbing and perfectly round in shape. The melon in the center is a perfect combination of the characters of the parent. It possesses the color of 149, the netting of Sutton's Superlative, and is intermediate in ribbing, size and shape. female, while others resembled the male parent, the majority, however, being hybrid in character. One melon possessed the combined characteristics of both parents, namely, in netting it resembled the female, while the color of skin resembled the male. Modified ribbing was manifest and in form of fruit it resembled the female; the seeds were decidedly intermediate and in flavor the melon was a decided blend; the cavity, how- *For convenience the male parent, Delices de la table, is referred to in this bulletin as No. 149, the serial number in the stock book, while the female pa- rent, Sutton's Superlative, is referred to as SS. June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 13 fl ever, was much smaller than in either of the parents (see Fig. 2). Seeds from this melon were used to carry on the breeding work. During the season 1911 three of the college greenhouses were devoted to muskmelons in order to carry on the breeding work commenced during the season 1908 — F3 generation. Nine distinct types of the hybrids were selected and fifteen plants from each were used in the experiment. Seeds from the following melons were selected as differing materially in various attributes from each other: Nos. 23; 13; 70; 68; 27; 26; 17; 24; 34. One hundred and thirty-five plants were grown on the benches; careful treatment regarding cultivation and fertilization was afforded them as in previous years. Season 1912. Seeds of hybrid melons No. 27 and No. 34 were selected for the purpose of ascertaining whether a pure hybrid type has been fixed in these hybrids, melon No. 27 having a green skin and melon No. 34 a yellow skin. Both these hybrid melons were close pollinated. Season 1913. Seeds of melons No. 27 and No. 34 which were close pollinated season 1912 were tested out to confirm work in fixation of type, and resulted in a duplication of F4 generation, thereby proving fixation of type in these hybrids. The work indicates that when such pairs of characters as are here considered have been crossed, they show a blend in the Fi generation rather than dominance of either character. In the F2 generation the segregation of dominant and recessive charac- ters occurs. Six pairs of characters have been studied in the melon, and show dominance and recessiveness as follows : DOMINANT RECESSIVE Yellow Color of Skin Green Color of Skin Round Form of Fruit Obtuse-elliptical form of fruit Large Size of Seeds Small Size of Seeds Ribbing Non ribbing Netting Smoothness Large Size of Fruits Small Size of Fruits 14 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [BuUetin 172 K 3 o X CO cS to c o .^ r-; cS c^i rt 1—1 • i ^ Q ■* ^5 t- ges. i 33 1 4) O Si O . g CD s (N . o & o =a ' . lO 1 6 d '^ o • c 1 6 s-i ^ CD -.^ fl ^ O "a t^ d 2 ;J w e? n H "c3 p:3 2.76:1 Percentages. i Obtuse elliptical. Fa Generation. (M Obtuse elliptical. SO 02 12 d 1 ^ I- 1 ! ■1 t . O •4-3 O 1 1 'ft d >— I CO s o 1— f June, '14] MENDELISM IX MELONS. 15 i0 I ) ) ) Fig. 5. Illustrating seeds of parents and hybred in melon cross. Note evident combination and blending of various characters. 16 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [BuUetin 172 O bC ^ 03 h^ to rr^ o H^ pq 02 -«^ c J3 o &. t^ c ^ u o 4^ c C3 c3 o .2 ;-i bC c3 b '■5 r-" c3 u h^l o g o Ph i ^ 1—1 a d ^ i ■ ■<* 1-H Q Ih v: O r/5 M 00 •g fe< 02 "S- ■* I-H sa X ■^ 7 I CO > I-H ^ Q^ H 1-1 W "^ d 03 (N S (N m C O 1 • rt -^ 1 03 6 1=1 1 4) O i-^l M ^ 02 ■*i d ^ 05 a 1> 6 !z; ^' QJ -1-3 , c3 ?=1 d H 03 o o3 e ^ o CZ2 u 0) 1 v • o 02 -t3 p^ i i-H i • 05 r P ^ "b X CO Ok 0 to a d o fe -1^ d p< •I-H o tl ta -1-3 H o H § :S June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. W m H 3 H w «=5 c 05 ~ 1—1 ^ H ' 9 ^^ a^ C/J a 00 V > Q:! H hJ .^ 6 CO •;3 1—1 rt . . « 1— 1 ^ O . O bO o-a 6 ^ Id (D 1 Charact d o o .2 p^ 1 d iH • (h l-H O fell" gf^-a bCcj „ ;^";^:l the rea tial ^ Oi C ■g— ^ >>-o-S oo-.aa -S Vh (U ifrui the thes m ^j d*^-a bOsa a^ nettin 0 the f ; and n «-^ 2P 3 bC.S -•s-S "ts ^•■S O o '- W oj'S B,.S o fccT: 03 •= >) o dnos lis ma tialiti «^r^ d 1^1 1—1 d ^ tH tma: cent, hthe oo" >> a; 3 o S5 3 d ^a.^ ao m cj lale olO eha i-s hj 53 2d. 2 T3 rd a; -kJ ■^^ o^ .tT ri (_, "S 3 0 ra M o c > .^ £ j2.g 9-. aj beo netti sue i rind =3««.a «; ■*lt wi ormso ernal t on th a 4.9 «« ^j^ O 1. -rt id « ^ pa < H e3 CO o o • ,-1 bC O.S 6? CO .3 O ■ 46% to 100% ribbing. 00 5% to 45% ribbing. T— 1 No. plants. 05 Fi Generation. Character. Ribbed oj 1 6 iH ^ 3 i-H X CI. >% S— 3 w -i-^ fcC IS o 1— ; -ti ^ o r/j J2 c3 -*-=> ?-( (:) l-H ^ s-> •^ -4-:' -.J o 3 CJ bC ?-' o 03 ^ r^ b£ c. S .'^ x-2 g b£ fe- r^ => -t^ O f -I c o !3 ^ :i ::i cj a; ■ to -4^ •-. .2 o CO C3 > r-i to cs -*^ to O b£ to June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 19 Table to Illustrate Mendel's Explanation of Segregation in the 1:2:1 Ratio. Types of fertilized ovules. Percentage of frequency. Nature of fruit color which they develop. Percentage of frequency. Yellow-j'ellow Yellow-green Green-yellow Green-green 25 251 25/ 25 Pure yellow Hybrid j^ellow Pure green 25 50 25 20 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION, [BuUetin 172 60 •| tJ t- ^ 1^ »^ ?i o •c* ^ 5* o ■§ O fcn CQ Q -o- hj 5- Ph a g s 05 <_, rt* 1 ^5 1— 1 lO O 03 o CO a> »o o 00 o CO 00 1 IC c C5 K a. bl 0 c c M 1 a. .4^ t, S: ■g p- t^ 1 •J CO ■a to e •♦^ s o '§ O OQ o r^ o (N T-H lo lO 05 o o 05 lO -* 00 o lO 00 lO i-i l> o CO t^ lO o CO o CO o in o UQ O ^ lO in o TjH O I— ( • < &5 Percentages. Netted. CO CO Intermediate. i Not netted. c LO ^ o3 £ o T3 o c o § O M CO CO d June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 23 to 02 E-i h^ CO a Q to m O o >< a n < o ■*^ 03 a o o o -iJ m a3 (U bO tS c3 .« a fe 0) fi Ph '-' o o o o OS OJ O j3 6 ■'3 a o a! a « a H P CO a P5 Q Z < a to o 05 O a ►J n to 70 6 c o 1 s o CO 5P a< bC -^ o Pi -6 O o Intermediate. o o o Not ribbed. o Intermediate. I— 1 -6 OJ o Character. Intermediate No. plants. T— 1 Hybrid selfed. CO 1 24 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 172 GQ m O X 8 ^ 1 s o Percentages. id o 6 • i-H 0) 1—1 rH o 1 o Intermediate. I-H 1 o o 1— 1 -2 i • 1 1—1 .'2 CO 6 r/3 H « W 02 r/i H I-] P rfi W rt g (S w O 02 n <; d .2 o Percentages. Small. o Intermediate. 100 Large. o a o 1 d 1— < tH o o 1 1— < 1 1 in T-H Hybrid selfed. CO d June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 26 Hybrid, No. 24:. { 1 f J 28 m |f 1^3 3'''; W Hybrid, No. 24. 26 N. H. AGE. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 172 02 m D m Q <; CQ O o n c 03 a C Percentages. 1 s a c 1— 1 o § § (M o a c 1— 1 1 CO c3 o CQ 6 T— 1 ll d m M P3 B P P^ O o — H t-t J f^ ^ lO a T-( 6 ^ d o • r-4 +3 S Ti . • fc Hybrii selfed * PI ■* (L> (N O 6 ^ ^ K Pi B CO CO CO Q Iz: X P3 <: H (3 o '■§ g o CO Percentages. .■2 -►J o Intermediate. T-i o O 1 _ . o Intermediate. 1—1 43 o -4-3 o Intermediate ribbing 02 'p. 6 1—1 Hybrid seKed. (N 6 28 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [BuUetin 172 00 CO g CQ H CQ w o U CO r— < a O s CO i e3 .1 03 '5 ^ s 1— 1 u ;-! s o « -fc^ Ph « ^ O cS ►J a o3 o s CQ o5 ■tj c3 "S i 1 -1-3 '-S ^ QJ ^ a .£3 s ^ C! t— 1 m ij (3 c3 »o "E 1—1 6 ^ 0 ,o , *-5 g -o . • & ■ a "^ a> ffi CO (M O d fe ^ CO M CS H CQ CQ s CC P5 CQ CQ O » n s ^ o a i 02 a5 .1 ■*2 '-S o £5 Q o o ^ tH o 3 ;h H S 0) P4 ■t-3 1— 1 a3 £P o ^ iJ d 03 o a CQ 6 -kJ g '-B -> 0) •^'S • fl J3^ ■* 0) (N O 6 CO ^ June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELON'S. 29 Hybrid, No. 27. 30 X. H. AGR. EXPERIMEXT STATION'. [Bulletin 172 32 a a: a; a as a: O « a n !>Q 1 [ ? = '"' 1 CO -i-i a; ce C3 '5 o o G> O ^ ^ o Ph CI fl Oi lO c^ rH ^^ ■•^ ^ ^ _o ^v ^ i 6 ■*^ S '■9 s> o S ;-i -ki c3 g s F o ^ 1 72 -^ Cl 1 c3 m 1 "E 1-1 6 iz; C _o , '-^^ s '^ ■ Sh x^ OJ O 6 « ^ ^ a « a :/2 re >-] P a a 02 o P3 O X X a < TJ 02 o -t^ 02 ^ 02 bC 02 .1 c3 -S ! o -*■- 02 o g l-H o ^ Sh cy 0) -1^ Ph Cl hH T3 02 -1-= -u 02 o c -^ o iz; TS -1-= o -*^ 02 ^ ^ T3 QJ lO g l-H w C t— I -d o -t^ -ti %* -f^ 1— 1 , '^J'S §.Si o ■+J -t^ ^ a OS (U TS fl g o ^^ 1— 1 d -*^ .2 w o LO a 1-1 ;-< o -4-i a 1— I • o'3 -■^ o 0=3 « OJ •*^ c« '■3 a; a ;h .^ O o CO -^ C _rt LO "a 1—1 ^ ^; g o •*-4 ■ti o3 Tl . . fe •g-a • C Xi^ r^ <» K CO c^ O CO 6 fe ^ 1 M t3 Q Iz; > 1 No. 27 ... . M 03 o «) N ^ 1— 1 S3 o a 02 aj 01 ■tJ « c3 o3 -|j o o 0 2 Qj H tJ ^ a I-H o3 o o « tH -. 1— 1 1 c3 o s en 6 ■*^ si ■-3 « o > a ;> « -4-3 a t—t • a5 f ^^ V c3 OJ ^ a ,f"{ 53 o 1—4 -u r^ »o ft iH 6 ^ d o •tM ■*i> S -o . • 1 ' l> Q) (N O 6 fe !z; Jime, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 33 i^ ^i>' l^^'^i^ Hybrid, No. 34. Hybrid, No. 34. 34 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 172 in xn H P m a ^ -S m K o a O CQ o r*^ o o S o 1 C o Yellow. 100 1 s o O o 1—1 1 Intermediate. o o s U Yellow No. plants. 1— t > 1 CO 6 52; .Si 03 CO H P^ Q < aj 03 03 O « o ;.< a O TO 03 Ah 13 • 0 0 T— 1 a3 c 1—1 0 •73 0 c 0 0 1—1 a3 a 1— 1 0 -i -4-3 1 0 si i 0 a 'a 6 i-H Hybrid selfed. CO 6 June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 35 m u hH K W Kfl cr H ►J P 02 tf s ^ < v.. V! o W 03 03 s O 1 -a d 3 o o « OJ CD -IJ O S5 '-3 « o c s o o ;h '— < o O ^ •4.3 S^'S S2 o o f-f '^H .*J +^ -^ a 02 (U T3 3 o o rt (j5 .«.:> 03 ''3 *; '-^ 03 » 0) •+J fl HH o3 £? »o C3 h^l 0) ^ c3 c3 (U s a A fc ► . ^ .t.2 1— ( CQ -tJ a -5 lO a I-H 6 iz; d o , •i-( +3 • ? ■ '73 . • fc Hybri selfed • a ■* « ITO O . I O 1 Iz; 1 June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 37 Hybrid, No. 70. 38 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 172 i-t « CO to CO O < CO to O « s o o <1> a O Percentages. Intermediate. Yellow. g O O o Yellow M 1—1 6 ■9 i 1 o (iroen. ro 0 Yellow 32 -4-3 6 I— I 'Z i , to- No. 70 .... CO pi] CO p^ CO P4 CO CO O a O to O CO bC a a o '6 g a5 .1 a '3 -4-3 1— 1 o -4-3 -4J o o 'd CD 1—1 a3 S3 1— 1 CO a O o 1 ;zi -2 6 ;2i 1—1 Hybrid sclfed. © 6 June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 39 P w a o < 03 CO o XI X X < c3 a o Percentages. Round. o a5 a 1 i 1.1 03 0) o o 1—1 o Round. o Intermediate. T-H Obtuse elliptical. o 1 O c No. plants. 1— 1 Hybrid 03 o 6 tc a 02 02 m w 02 CO O O pa < a O 03 Pi ■ W -S O cz J a; o o I— 1 o Not ribbed. o »^c ^v-" o IB g 1 ■T. "5. 6 I— 1 >-> 1 CO o d 40 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [BuUetin 172 ft I m m P5 DQ DQ o ^ O a CQ s a; bC e3 03 .4^ ■-B o fl o ^^ o S3 i ■4^ I— 1 Ph 1— I 6 E? o c3 h5 "3 o B w 6 ■^ 'W •u ■-3 (U lO H t-H b i 1 "^ s .JC3 S3 O t— 1 CO -t-2 s P-H »o a T— 1 6 ^ c .2 '5 5? w • S c 21 o a> I> O 6 f^ Z > OC! r-T ►-I »v» a OJ 02 H P 7/ w p^ ••?* c fe; z < m ^ W CO ^ O rr, o > X n < o 1 Percentages. a CO o Intermediate. o o 7-i 6 bC o =3 1 o a3 -1-3 i Large. o i o ■4J 1 6 1-1 Hybrid selfed. No. 70 . . . June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 41 Hybrid, No. 13. Hybrid, No. 13. 42 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [BuUetin 172 m W « w zn m H -J P m t] K c ."^ z ,^ <; ■^ t/: w c a. a; 5~ o o K c- U O y. A m Eh C o Si O Percentages. "3 c5 h- 1 CO ^ I> T— 1 a; O » '3 aj c — c t— t ' CO 6 CO a a aj H I-] 03 a Q < CO a CO C/2 o « X X a PQ -^ QJ C3 a) a C3 -*.3 a; o U o3 O o o lO -(J -(J a; kO o Juno, '14] MENDELISM IX MELONS. 43 S s a < CO o O I— I X XI a pa o §3 O CO Percentages. c o a3 s 1— 1 il oa CB o o o o Intermediate. Obtuse elliptical. o Character. a S3 J 6 3: -6 No. 13 .... 03 C/2 02 H h^ P 05 a P^ Q Z <; 02 a o o X a fO •■s> o 03 O Percentages. o o a5 a) 1— 1 1-1 Xi o o O o «3 a r-* i \—t 1— ) o O O .1 '-3 —' 6 1 1-1 h^ (-1 rH o ^ d o • PH -(J O o o Ph 1 o 00 .1 s a l-H o o YeUow. 1 g3 1— I CO o §3 i i 1 I— 1 d 15 I— 1 CQ 00 ■1 CO s t/2 to m CO 02 O O > ij ffl < § (U O Percentages. o = ' Intermediate. 100 Netted. 0 Not netted. 0 s 1 £ 1— 1 Netted. o Oliaracter. Intermediate C Hybrid No. 68 .... June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 47 to .J m a 2 as ■-0 O O o fl O i fl eSpS. Intermediate. Round. o ro CO CO Round. O Intermediate. lO Obtuse elliptical. o 1— 1 Character. Obtuse elliptical 03 6 1— 1 Hybrid 1 00 to 6 to to p^ Q < CO H to to o « « fl .o S3 fl o CO i fl P4 Not ribbed. O i o o 1-1 o Intermediate. LO 1-H -% ■% rt o §3 -«-3 i xi O s fl CO % 6 ."2 f 13 03 6 48 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 172 K a; w D cc K Pi as CO 03 o X o X pa =0 =0 S3 O s cc m dj 0) -u bC 33 '"^ ^ c o ^5 Perce Interm 1—1 a3 ^ o c3 h-^ 'S S cc d -fcS 03 ■-3 a; »o s. I— 1 i-. (D -i^ C! 1— 1 QJ £P o ^ h:i 0} Lh -f^ S S3 •I.H ? <« a> ^ a ^ 5 O n -ks J >o ft I-H d ^ d o ■*^ •1-3 g T3 • • •^■5 1 g Hyb selfe 00 CO o 6 ; (i< 1 Is ! 02 CS CC cc ►J P 02 <; cc B 02 o « m ^ 1 cS O C CC a3 02 •»•:> 0) 2 bO o3 ■-3 + a S CC S s-> ^ a3 CO -►J « C3 ^ -»j (U O g s '^ « S3 ^ -IS l-H Ph fl 0) o :h o ^ -2 05 % >^ 6 +3 oS '-5 (U o s L' a; -ki C3 1— 1 C o )H o ^4 a> -*i o ^ e3 Q fi eS CD .«^ HI cS lO 3, l-H 6 ^ d o . • r.4 •*» S Ti . fe Hybrii selfed g o 6 fe ^ m S s a U) O! H P^ Q <; m cc 03 o « u H n < s .2 c3 Sh C (U o el o Pm O «3 S3 i -g H- 1 + CO -i-s + o C o o Intermediate. lO Netted. o l-H Character. Netted to 1 6 l-H .-2 'a; CO CO 6 June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 51 33 s a CO m Eh P 03 CO H CO 02 O « n s o i3 '-3 (U o d o Percentages. Intermediate. CO CO Obtuse elliptical. CO CO 3 o «3 a c i— 1 »c Obtuse elliptical. o Character. Obtuse elliptical. No. plants. T-l ■Is d 6 w CO H P^ CO CO m o K o a m el c3 "iX' — ^— - •) Hybrid, No. 17. f I , Hybrid, No. 17. 54 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 172 I o late S3 •73 ■*3 (3 P3 -« ^ O c (LI o CD o o O 05 0) Intermediat CO CO Green. 1 o 1 1 6 I— 1 Hybrid selfed. No. 17 h-l C/2 02 s D cc « Pi Q <; to B 01 o U > PQ < ■'J s bC -»^ C! (D O P4 O o a -►J 1— 1 o o o Netted. 1-H '-5 a; g a; o a; o c '•3 o3 u a O O O T3 ai e3 O lO •r-3 ^ (4-1 June, '14] MENDELISM IN MELONS. 55 00 CO CO w O n s ^ c3 t »-< o -Hi c 1 o Intermediate. CO CO Obtuse elliptical. 66 Round. o 6 i (3 1— t lO Obtuse elliptical. o Character. Obtuse elliptical. No. plants. U5 Hybrid selfed. No. 17 CQ P CO p^ CQ CQ CQ O U > n <: S o 03 o 1 Ph Si o o '-5 o (3 1— t 001 o ^3 .-S o o Intermediate. 1— I Ribbed. o Character. Intermediate. No. plants. i Hybrid selfed. No. 17 .... 56 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION. [Bulletin 172 M K CO 5 & GO CO CO CC o o X! n 00 Percentages. SmaU. o Large. Intermediate. o o 1-H o F— 1 e o a (3 1-H o o 1 a o c 1— 1 c to C 6 1— ( o 1 g O Hybrid selfed. No. 17 03 Pe} » w CO m H >-) P , to .2 rt g p fc. s «♦-,