igriculhirc^

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M^cthnologg

_J

INSPECTION OF COMMERCIAL
FERTILIZERS

MADE FOR THE
STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTUURE

The inspection of commercial fertilizers reported in this
bulletin was made under the direction of the Honorable
Andrew L. Felker, Commissioner of Agriculture. Mr.
Eugene D. Sanborn, State Inspector, collected 113 samples
of fertilizer materials which had been delivered to consum-
ers or were offered for sale by dealers between March
and June, 1925. The general character of the fertilizer
materials collected is shown by the following classification :

Complete Fertilizer 87

Acid Phosphate 4

Sulphate of Ammonia

Nitrate of Soda

Muriate of Potash

Sulphate of Potash

Ground Bone

Tankage

Tankage and Bone

Dried Blood

Poultry Manure

Sheep Manure

113

THE FERTILIZER LAW.

Forty of the forty-eight states in the United States have
a law regulating the manufacture and sale of fertilizers.
The general nature and purposes of the laws of the different
states are similar. The New Hampshire Law entitled "An
Act to Regulate the Sale of Fertilizers" was first passed
in 1901 and last amended in 1917. The law applies to all

2 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION [Bulletin 219

fertilizer materials offered for sale whether complete fer-
tilizers, or unmixed materials as nitrate of soda, acid
phosphate, tankage, etc. Under the provisions of this law
ever}' manufacturer or dealer who shall sell or offer for
sale any fertilizer material shall furnish with each lot or
package a clearly printed statement certifying the number
of net pounds, the brand name under which it is sold, the
name and address of the manufacturer and a chemical
analysis stating the minimum percentage of nitrogen, of
water soluble potash, of total phosphoric acid and of avail-
able phosphoric acid. No person shall sell or offer for sale,
any pulverized leather, hair or wool waste, peat, garbage
tankage, or any inert material whatsoever, without an
explicit printed certificate of the fact conspicuously fixed
to every package of such material. The state official in
charge of the administration of the fertilizer law is the
Commissioner of Agriculture.

THE NEW ENGLAND STANDARD NINE.

Late in December, 1922, the directors of the New Eng-
land Agricultural Experiment Stations and the agronomists
of the New England State Colleges met in conference with
representatives of the fertilizer manufacturers selling in
New England and adopted nine grades of fertilizer which
in their opinion meet all the fertilizer requirements of New
England crops and soils.

The formulas and recommended uses of these nine
grades, known as the New England Standard Nine, are as
follows :

1. 0-12-6 — For late fall seeding of grass and grain and
for top dressing clover and alfalfa.

2. 2-12-4 — For late summer and early fall seeding of
grass or grain ; also for corn with the addition of manure.

3. 3-10-4 — For corn, small grains, millet, tomatoes and
cabbage on the heavier soils.

4. 3-10-6 — For corn, beans and peas on the lighter soils.

November, 1925] fertilizer inspection, 1925 3

5. 4-8-4 — For potatoes, beets, carrots, onions and other
root crops on the heavier soils.

6. 4-8-6 — For potatoes and other root crops on loams.

7. 5-4-5 — For tobacco.

8. 5-8-7 — For potatoes, celery and other truck crops on
light soils.

9. 8-6-6 — For top dressing hay and pasture land.

One object of this conference w^as to decrease the need-
lessly large number of different grades on the market. Had
the recommendations made been accepted by the consumers
of fertilizer materials in New^ Hampshire the 87 complete
fertilizers analyzed in this year's inspection would have been
comprised of 9 grades. Instead, there are 31 grades. This
number might be reduced to 29 by omitting tw^o grades,
8-16-8 and 10-16-14 which are double strength respectively
of the grades 4-8-4 and 5-8-7. These 29 grades include
only 6 of the New England Standard Nine. Three grades
of the New England Standard Nine were not found offered
for sale.

Not including the two double strength grades there were
7 grades representing 19 brands containing more potash
than the agronomists of New England consider is necessary
or profitable to use. No grade in the New England
Standard Nine contains more than 7 per cent potash. Five
grades, not including the two double strength grades, repre-
senting 17 brands, contain 10 per cent potash. In Table I
are given the grades of complete fertilizers collected, the
number of brands found in each grade, the average analysis
of each grade and the average retail price per ton.

4

N. H.

AGR. EXPERIMENT

STATION

Bulletin 219

TABLE

NUMBER I.

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Avera
of tot
phoric

Avera
of av
phospl

Avera
of wa
potash

1—8—2

2

0.94

9.65

8.73

2.2^

42.00

1—10—3

1

0.89

13.89

12.21

3.01

42.00

2—8—2

8

1.79

7.52

8.34

2.22

42.72

2—8—3

5

1.73

9.71

8.38

3.08

48.15

2—8—10

1

1.76

9.70

8.90

10.39

52.00

2—10—3

1

2.75

17.43

10.00

3.44

45.00

2—10—4

1

1.78

13.40

9.51

4.14

47.00

2—12—2

1

2.19

13.43

12.47

2.09

45.00

2—12—4

4

1.74

14.21

12.56

4.26

46.50

3—5—6

1

2.74

12.29

5.74

6.39

3—8—4

6

2.57

9.73

8.52

4.21

47'.67

3—8—10

4

2.64

10.45

8.28

10.31

54.00

3—9—2

1

2.58

10.21

9.18

2.04

3—10—4

4

2.66

11.64

10.39

4.20

49.33

3—10—6

2

2.48

11.08

10.12

6.17

53.00

3—12—3

1

2.46

14.89

12.63

3.18

40.00

4 — 6 10

9

3.37

7.74

6.60

9.93

52.63

4—8—4

7

3.31

9.61

8.31

4.33

53.14

4—8 7

3

3.50

10.85

8.78

7.21

53.33

4—8—10

2

3.60

9.99

9.22

10.11

56.00

4—16 — 4

1

3.40

17.02

15.54

4.20

60.00

S— 8— 7

8

4.18

9.76

8.51

6.98

57.20

S— 8— 10

1

4.12

7.48

6.90

10.33

47.00

6—6—4

3

5.03

8.94

7.55

4.11

58.33

6 8 S

1

5.40

11.36

6.17

5.58

80.00

7-5—2

2

5.60

6.41

6.14

1.92

63.50

8—6—6

3

6.30

8.34

6.90

6.13

68.33

8—12—20

1

6.90

16.79

14.93

20.00

112.00

8—16—8

1

6.58

17.95

16.29

8.19

10—3—8

1

7.57

9.26

3.30

8.00

10—16—14

1

8.22

19.94

16.48

15.06

11 v. 66

CALCULATION OF THE RELATIVE COMMERCIAL

VALUE.

The price of commercial fertilizers varies as does that of
potatoes, or any other commodity. When these flunctua-
tions are controlled entirely by seasonal economic factors,
the consumer may partially disregard them much in the
same manner as he disregards fluctuations in the price of
the sugar he buys. There are certain price differences,
however, which he cannot afford to disregard. For ex-
ample, there were eight diilferent brands of fertilizer sold
this year by eight different companies under the formula
5-8-7. The average price of the eight brands was $57.20
per ton. The lowest price was $45.40 per ton and the

November, 1925] fertilizer inspection, 1925 5

highest $71.00 per ton. The consumer can only protect
himself against such unjustifiable differences in price by
figuring the commercial value of a fertilizer for himself
before he agrees to purchase it.

A summary of the prices at which some of the different
fertilizer materials were sold during the past year will
illustrate how a comparison of the relative value of different
grades may be computed.

Four brands of 16 per cent acid phosphate were offered
at an average price of $27.75 per ton. One ton of 16 per
cent acid phosphate contains 320 pounds of phosphoric acid.
The cost per pound is $0.0867 and per unit $1,734.

The average cost of muriate of potash containing 50 per
cent of water soluble potash was $52.50 per ton. One ton
contains 1000 pounds of potash. The cost per pound is
$0.0525 and per unit $1.05.

The cost of nitrate of soda containing 15 per cent nitro-
gen was $78.00 per ton. One ton contains 300 pounds of
nitrogen. The cost per pound is $0.26 and per unit $5.20.
The average cost of tankage was $56.33 per ton. It con-
tained an average of 6.65 per cent nitrogen and 5.25 per
cent available phosphoric acid. The value of 5.25 units
of available phosphoric acid at $1.73 per unit is $9.08. The
nitrogen cost $56.33 less $9.08 or $47.25 for 6.65 units. The
cost per unit of nitrogen is $7.11 and per pound $0,355.
Assuming the complete fertilizers contain equal amounts
of organic and inorganic nitrogen the cost of nitrogen is
the average of $0.26 for the inorganic form and $0,355
for the organic form or $0,307 per pound and $6.14 per
unit.

Using the above values for nitrogen, phosphoric acid and
potash in the unmixed materials the calculated value per
ton of the different grades of mixed fertilizers as compared
with the retail price per ton is shown in Table IL Only
those grades are included on which two or more retail
quotations were available.

N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION [Bulletin 219

TABLE NUMBER II.

Average

Calculated

Formula.

No. of

retail price

value per

Difference.

brands.

per ton.

ton.

1—8—2

9

42.00

22.08

19.92

2—8—2

8

42.72

28.22

14.50

2 — 8—3

5

48.15

29.27

18.88

2—12 — 4

4

46.50

37.24

9.26

3—8—4

6

47.67

36.46

11.21

3—8—10

4

54.00

42.76

11.24

3—10—4

4

49.33

39.92

9.41

3—10—6

2

53.00

42.02

10.98

4—6—10

9

52.63

45.44

7.19

4—8 — 4

7

53.14

42.60

10.54

4—8—7

3

53.33

45.75

7.58

A — 8—10

2

56.00

48.90

7.10

5—8—7

8

57.20

51.89

5.31

6—6—4

3

58.33

51.42

6.91

7— S— 2

2

63.50

53.73

9.77

8—6—6

3

68.33

65.80

2.53

The calculated prices for nitrogen, phosphoric acid and
potash in the unmixed materials used in computing Table
II. are on the basis of the price of these materials delivered
to the consumer in bags. Therefore, the column in the
table headed, Difference, represents the relative amounts
which the consumer pays for mixing and filler in the differ-
ent grades. These differences show that it is economical
for the consumer to purchase the medium and higher
grades. The fact that the differences are not gradual sug-
gests that some other factor is involved. This factor
seems to be the unwarranted differences in price asked by
different dealers for the same grade of fertilizer. For
example, the figure in the Difference column for the grade
7-5-2 is $9.77 and is considerably higher than the other
figures near it. This figure is the average of two brands.
The one was offered for sale at $57.00 per ton and the other
at $70.00 per ton. If $57.00 be substituted for the average
figure of $63.50 in the column. Average retail price per
ton, the figure in the Difference column would be $3.27.
If $70.00 be substituted, the figure in the Difference column
becomes $16.27. These figures further emphasize a fact
previously mentioned in connection with the price differ-
ences in the 5-8-7 brands; namely, the consumer can only

November, 1925] fertilizer inspection, 1925 7

protect himself against unwarranted dift'erences in retail
prices by figuring for himself the commercial value of a
fertilizer before he agrees to purchase it.

NATURAL MANURES.

The statement is often made by consumers that commer-
cial fertilizers are not so good as the natural manures. This
statement may or may not be true, depending upon the
grades of manures and the grades of commercial fertil-
izers that are being compared. When purchase is con-
templated, no comparison between natural manures and
commercial fertilizers is to be relied upon which does not
take into consideration the relative price per ton or per
pound of the available plant food materials. Within the
past year several hundred tons of five different brands of
sheep manure were shipped into the state and sold at an
average price of $52.40 per ton. The average analysis of
the five brands was nitrogen 2.17 per cent, available phos-
phoric acid 1.29 per c»nt and water soluble potash 2.39
per cent. Figuring the value of these sheep manures on
the basis of the cost of nitrogen in equal parts nitrate of
soda and tankage, of phosphoric acid in acid phosphate
and of potash in muriate of potash the average value was
$17.96 per ton. The cost to the consumer of the sheep
manure sold in the state during the past year was about
three times its commercial value.

NUMBER OF SAMPLES FOUND DEFICIENT.

Of the 113 samples analyzed 1 was found deficient by
0.2 per cent or more in all three elements, 4 were deficient
in two elements and 13 in one element. A deficiency of 0.2
per cent of nitrogen amounts to about $1.25 per ton. The
total number deficient was 16 per cent of the samples
analyzed. This shows some improvement over 1924,
when 21 per cent were deficient. In 1923 there were also
21 per cent deficient. In the tabulation of the analyses in
the following pages deficiencies of 0.2 per cent or more are

8 N. H. AGR. EXPERIMENT STATION [Bulletin 219

shown in heavy black type. The names of the manufact-
urers are arranged alphabetically and under the manufact-
urer the different brands are arranged alphabetically or
numerically by formula.

Assistance in the analytical work has been rendered by
M. H. Voyagis and W. A. Westgate.

November, 1925] fertilizer inspection, 1925

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